Zone-Pushing | Pushing the Limits with Plants
Zone-pushing is attempting to plant and grow a plant that is one or two zones different from your current planting zone. It refers to pushing the boundaries of what is considered an appropriate planting location. Learn what plants are good contenders for zone-pushing, and ways you can create micro-climates in your garden to help be successful zone-pushing.
2026-03-21
43 min
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<v Speaker 1>Broadcasting from Studio A here at Proven Winners Color Choice Shrubs. <v Speaker 1>It's time for the Gardening Simplified Show with Stacey Hervella, me, <v Speaker 1>Rick Weist, and our engineer and producer Adrianna Robinson. Today, Stacey, <v Speaker 1>we go to the danger zone. I love this. I <v Speaker 1>feel the need for seed, not speed seed whatever. Zone pushing. <v Speaker 1>So you may have heard of a method of gardening <v Speaker 1>called zone pushing, where homeowners and gardeners figuring out ways <v Speaker 1>to plant grow items that don't usually live or survive <v Speaker 1>in their heartiness zone. So maybe we're pushing things one, <v Speaker 1>maybe two zones beyond what our normal zone is. So <v Speaker 1>it's not zone ignoring, its zone pushing seeing what you <v Speaker 1>can get away with in your lands. <v Speaker 2>You know, that's exactly it. And really I think this <v Speaker 2>is where gardening takes place, right when you dare to <v Speaker 2>stand up and experiments, yes with something. And you know, <v Speaker 2>this is a topic that has come up through the <v Speaker 2>many years we've been doing the show here and there, <v Speaker 2>and you know, it always seems to come up, I <v Speaker 2>don't know, in like summer or fall or something, which <v Speaker 2>is the exact time that you cannot do anything for <v Speaker 2>most areas. Certainly if you're trying to push a warmer zone, <v Speaker 2>plant into a colder zone, plant into a colder zone. <v Speaker 2>You can't do it then, so I wanted to, you know, <v Speaker 2>I thought we should do the show when people can <v Speaker 2>actually take advantage of the coming spring to maybe try <v Speaker 2>to push some hardiness zones rather than just go yeah, <v Speaker 2>I should really do that. <v Speaker 1>Sometimes I love that because I've been doing that for years. <v Speaker 1>It's kind of like high stakes gambling with your landscape <v Speaker 1>and plant heartiness. But also tied into the whole mix <v Speaker 1>is development of your landscape using things like backdrops, barriers, <v Speaker 1>the home, plants, trees, elevations, et cetera, et cetera, to <v Speaker 1>landscape and create what we would call micro climates where <v Speaker 1>some of these plants can exist. Does a wall get <v Speaker 1>you maybe half a zone planting in the city, maybe <v Speaker 1>half a zone near a river, quarter zone against a house, <v Speaker 1>or if you've got a glass porch, a full zone, <v Speaker 1>a southern exposure and slope. You know, this is how <v Speaker 1>my brain works, Okay, And especially living in the north, <v Speaker 1>as you leave winter, it is very telling if you <v Speaker 1>have a slope that faces the south, how quickly the <v Speaker 1>ice and snow go away. Whereas an area of the home, <v Speaker 1>let's say that is subject to structural shade, or on <v Speaker 1>the north side that ice and snow seems to last forever, <v Speaker 1>or all the way some of the piles all the <v Speaker 1>way into June feels that way, and I'm exaggerating. You <v Speaker 1>really get a good feel for micro climates and your <v Speaker 1>potential for pushing zones. <v Speaker 2>That's a great point because not only is spring the <v Speaker 2>time that you can actually take action on trying to <v Speaker 2>push the hardiness zones of some plants that you really <v Speaker 2>wish you could grow, but it's also the perfect time <v Speaker 2>to observe and find out what those micro climates you <v Speaker 2>know potentially are in your yard. Are there things, Are <v Speaker 2>there places that you notice, yeah, where the snow melts first. <v Speaker 2>Are there places where things emerge more quickly than in <v Speaker 2>other parts of your yard or bloom a little bit <v Speaker 2>more quickly. So now is the time to kind of <v Speaker 2>pick up on all of those little cubes, because there's <v Speaker 2>so much easier to see in winter, when we're just <v Speaker 2>much more attuned to every little thing that happens in <v Speaker 2>the landscape. <v Speaker 1>And getting a jump start on the season. So I'll <v Speaker 1>start you right off with my limb A rick for today. <v Speaker 1>I already I love Lieutenant Pete Maverick Mitchell and Goose <v Speaker 1>in the nineteen eighty six movie Top Gun and their <v Speaker 1>famous line in Unison, I feel the need, the need <v Speaker 1>for speed, but it essentially points out their risk taking character. <v Speaker 1>I have a tendency to be a risk taker. In <v Speaker 1>the landscape test the limits of what could be grown <v Speaker 1>without use of a plant hormone, ignoring heartiness recommendations, I <v Speaker 1>defy expectations, and yes, I went to the danger zone. <v Speaker 1>The boundaries all exceed no place for those who are <v Speaker 1>weak need a plant with staying power, permission to buzz <v Speaker 1>the flower. I feel the need for seed. Sorry, I <v Speaker 1>took some liberties there. <v Speaker 2>Yeah, well that's fair Limerick after all. <v Speaker 1>But you know, when we talk about this subject, Stacy, <v Speaker 1>one of the things that comes to mind for me <v Speaker 1>is for me trying to get a jump start on <v Speaker 1>the season with my cannas and my dahlias or my <v Speaker 1>beloved banana trees that I try to overwinter by heavily <v Speaker 1>mulching and then bordering it with boulders, because again stone <v Speaker 1>can absorb light heat and be valuable. Raised beds or <v Speaker 1>boulders around that area absorb heat, so I have that, <v Speaker 1>and in your landscape you're dealing with the fig trees. <v Speaker 2>Yes, trying to grow a fig and actually quite successfully, <v Speaker 2>although we shall see what this past winter did to <v Speaker 2>our fig knock on wood right now it looks pretty great. <v Speaker 2>But yeah, you know, when you were talking about that, <v Speaker 2>I was thinking about figs, and not just my own figs, <v Speaker 2>but also in England, where of course have a very <v Speaker 2>mild climate, but it never really gets very hot, so't <v Speaker 2>they don't have the cold to worry about to get <v Speaker 2>figs through the season, but they also never really have <v Speaker 2>enough warmth to ripen. So back I think it was <v Speaker 2>like in the nineteen twenties, this concept of a fig <v Speaker 2>dome became quite popular where they would plant the figs <v Speaker 2>against these metal domes kind of turned over like an <v Speaker 2>umbrella and train the branches over the dome and the <v Speaker 2>fig dome the metal would absorb the heat in an <v Speaker 2>attempt to ripen the figs. So sometimes it's not just <v Speaker 2>about you know, whether the plant can grow, it's about getting, <v Speaker 2>you know, the thing that you want. So you know, <v Speaker 2>another great example of that. I love camelias. I think <v Speaker 2>they're just one of the most beautiful ornamental, useful plants <v Speaker 2>out there. They're deer resistant, their flowers are amazing, and <v Speaker 2>so I have attempted to grow camellias at multiple points <v Speaker 2>here in Michigan, and what I often found was that <v Speaker 2>I could get the plant to live, but that by <v Speaker 2>the time it would bloom and fall, and usually the <v Speaker 2>fall blooming camellias are the much more cold tolerant than <v Speaker 2>the winter and spring blooming camelias, that by the time <v Speaker 2>fall came around, it was just too cold anymore for <v Speaker 2>those flowers to actually open. So sometimes it's not solely <v Speaker 2>a matter of survival. It's a matter of getting the <v Speaker 2>plant to do what you want it to do in <v Speaker 2>your climate. <v Speaker 1>I like that. I appreciate the fact that you shared <v Speaker 1>that because for people keeping score at home, stay both <v Speaker 1>Stacey and I live in West Michigan along the lake <v Speaker 1>shore where i'm six B yeah six B yeah, six B, <v Speaker 1>and generally when I look at camellias, they say seven <v Speaker 1>If you're providing protection seven B, maybe you'd be okay. <v Speaker 1>And so it's one of those plants that perfectly fits <v Speaker 1>that pushing the zone example. <v Speaker 2>Yeah, you know, we've had them survive quite well here <v Speaker 2>right outside studio A in fact, as well as in <v Speaker 2>our trial garden not far away from here. The question <v Speaker 2>is just whether or not they flower. Unfortunately, the foliage <v Speaker 2>is attractive enough. But also it's just kind of cool <v Speaker 2>to amaze your friends, whether they're gardening friends or not, <v Speaker 2>and say, hey, hey, here's my camellia. I've been growing <v Speaker 2>it for five years, and they'll be like, so, you know, <v Speaker 2>and one time I visited it. One time I visited <v Speaker 2>a public garden in North Carolina. This happened to me <v Speaker 2>as a professional horticulturist. So I visited this public garden <v Speaker 2>in North Carolina and they're showing me around and she says, <v Speaker 2>and here's our taxes. And I just gave her the <v Speaker 2>most blank look of my entire life. And they're like <v Speaker 2>waiting for me to have a reaction. And I had <v Speaker 2>no idea that it was a massive deal that they <v Speaker 2>were growing at taxis just a regular old you know <v Speaker 2>you of course they can grow cephalo taxes. So it <v Speaker 2>was quite lost on me that this was a special thing. <v Speaker 2>So I was like, yeah, taxes, okay, but you know, <v Speaker 2>it's I think a good theme for this show. The <v Speaker 2>grass is always greener on the other side. <v Speaker 1>You've got it, and things are always bigger in taxis right, <v Speaker 1>But I'm glad you brought that up because when you're <v Speaker 1>dealing with your yard, your yard is not uniform, so <v Speaker 1>it's a number of micro climates. I try to create <v Speaker 1>some micro climates. I'm using these aluminum corrugated panels as <v Speaker 1>backdrops increase the light. Of course, some homes are brick absorbs. <v Speaker 1>There are different types of coverings you can put on <v Speaker 1>your home that will reflect more light maybe help. Some <v Speaker 1>spots are warmer, some are colder, some are wind sheltered, <v Speaker 1>and it's important to note also that some are more <v Speaker 1>damp than others. And if you have standing water, for example, <v Speaker 1>around roots. We've talked about this before, your odds of <v Speaker 1>success are far far lower if you do not have <v Speaker 1>good drainage. There's a huge difference between a south facing <v Speaker 1>slope on a home and the north side of the home. <v Speaker 1>So the key is to map and manipulate those niches, <v Speaker 1>so to speak, and then go out there and do <v Speaker 1>a little bit of gambling. Because Stacy, you mentioned Camellia's <v Speaker 1>I want to grow them here in Michigan. Another one <v Speaker 1>that I really want to grow, and of course, I <v Speaker 1>do have the potential of doing it is crape myrtle? <v Speaker 2>Yep, oh for sure. Definitely that's much harder than people <v Speaker 2>thought exactly. <v Speaker 1>So let's see how Stacey ties this in and plants <v Speaker 1>on trial. That's coming up next here on the Gardening <v Speaker 1>Simplified Show. <v Speaker 2>Beautify your home and community with Proven Winner's Color Choice <v Speaker 2>shrubs with over three hundred and twenty five unique varieties <v Speaker 2>to choose from. There's a flowering shrub or evergreen for <v Speaker 2>every taste and every space. Just look for the distinctive <v Speaker 2>white container your local garden center or learn more at <v Speaker 2>proven Winners Color Choice dot com. You're Reading's Gardening friends, <v Speaker 2>and welcome back to the Gardening Simplified Show, where we <v Speaker 2>are sharing our ideas and tips on how you can <v Speaker 2>push your heartiness own. Now, this stuff applies to shrubs, perennials, <v Speaker 2>even maybe to some extent trees, and you know, really, <v Speaker 2>what we're kind of recommending is that if you want <v Speaker 2>to grow something that is one one zone hardier, in <v Speaker 2>most cases, probably a pretty good chance of success. Two <v Speaker 2>zones hardier, maybe less of a chance. But the point <v Speaker 2>is the number one thing that you want to do <v Speaker 2>when you are pushing your herd in a zone is <v Speaker 2>give the plant the longest possible time to get established <v Speaker 2>before winter, which you know, again we're talking about a <v Speaker 2>plant's ability to withstand cold, and we're trying to push that. <v Speaker 2>A plant that was planted in fall and only had <v Speaker 2>you know, two or three months to get established before <v Speaker 2>winter sets in is definitely not going to be as <v Speaker 2>prepared to deal with those challenges as something that you <v Speaker 2>plant in spring that is then going to be able <v Speaker 2>to have, you know, all of the height of the <v Speaker 2>growing season to develop those roots and put on some <v Speaker 2>good body to help it withstand the winter. Also doesn't <v Speaker 2>hurt if you end up with a couple of mild <v Speaker 2>winters in a row. That kind of helps it put <v Speaker 2>on a little bit more bulk. And you always do <v Speaker 2>have to kind of be prepared for the worst to happen. <v Speaker 2>Oh yeah, you know. But also you can be like <v Speaker 2>that's a learning experience too, you know it's but. <v Speaker 1>Then when you have a victory, I mean that risk <v Speaker 1>taking is. <v Speaker 2>Makes it work, absolutely so. Rick, let me ask you <v Speaker 2>if you could grow one plant from outside your zone. <v Speaker 2>We're not even just saying like it's possible to grow <v Speaker 2>in Michigan, just like you can now have one plant <v Speaker 2>magically grow in your yard. What is it easy? Okay? <v Speaker 2>Palm trees Okay, that's a lot. That's a big group <v Speaker 2>of plants. <v Speaker 1>Yeah, I know with any plant Pho, phoenix, ROI palms. Okay, <v Speaker 1>well what about like a palms? <v Speaker 2>What about the palmettows? It s all palmettos like they <v Speaker 2>heave in South Carolina. Because there's a chance you would <v Speaker 2>be able to grow that, I'd say, and but quite there. <v Speaker 1>Right, believe me, I've thought. But then this past year <v Speaker 1>that polar vortex win winter that we went through, but <v Speaker 1>I'm not bitter about it put me back in my place. <v Speaker 2>Yeah, but it's worth it for me. I would have <v Speaker 2>to say. It would either be a lemon tree or <v Speaker 2>an avocado tree. <v Speaker 1>Oh ms, wouldn't that be great? <v Speaker 2>Would it just be so amazing to just like go <v Speaker 2>out your backyard and pick lemons whenever you wanted to? <v Speaker 1>Coconut trees? <v Speaker 2>So you know, I know, we sometimes get accused, and <v Speaker 2>rightfully so, from our warm climate listeners that were not <v Speaker 2>you know, giving enough attention to them. <v Speaker 1>But we can flip it on its ear right, I <v Speaker 1>mean they how about if they push things like lilacs <v Speaker 1>or something. <v Speaker 2>I'm going to talk about that it's plants on Trial, <v Speaker 2>but I just thought i'd introduce it by us sharing <v Speaker 2>what we wish we could grow from your warmer climates, <v Speaker 2>because again, the grass is always greener on the other side. Yeah, So, <v Speaker 2>in thinking about plants on Trial for today, I thought <v Speaker 2>about my many years of talking with various home gardeners <v Speaker 2>from all over the country, and I came up with <v Speaker 2>a top list of plants that people in cold climates <v Speaker 2>wish they could grow, as well as a list of <v Speaker 2>people in hot climates wish that they could grow that <v Speaker 2>are too cold. Too cold toller, Okay, excellent. So and <v Speaker 2>these are not in any particular order. They're just kind <v Speaker 2>of as they came to me. But so my list <v Speaker 2>of people that in cold climates wish that they could <v Speaker 2>grow or at least grow successfully. Number one big leaf <v Speaker 2>hydrangea hydrange of Macrophylla. You know there's and that's one <v Speaker 2>of those plants that kind of goes along with what <v Speaker 2>we were talking about in the last segment, where you <v Speaker 2>know the plant can grow like you will have a <v Speaker 2>hydrange of macrophilla or big leaf hydrangel. This is the <v Speaker 2>kind of the pink, purple or blue flowers. The planet <v Speaker 2>itself will survive, but just that it hadn't because you <v Speaker 2>never get a single flower on it, at least if <v Speaker 2>it's an old fashioned variety. You know, as we've said before, <v Speaker 2>we're working really hard on that here at Pervumina's Colored <v Speaker 2>Choice Shrubs. So if if you are one of these <v Speaker 2>cold climate gardeners who dearly wish you could have those <v Speaker 2>fabulous big blue globe flowers on a hydrangea, I would <v Speaker 2>encourage you to add lightstance, sky view, continuous blooming Hydrangea <v Speaker 2>to your list. It is hardy to USDA zone four, <v Speaker 2>and we have heard success stories down in you zoned <v Speaker 2>for In fact, I even heard from a gardener who <v Speaker 2>was growing it and get ready for this, he was <v Speaker 2>in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Whoa, yeah, Now he was protecting it. <v Speaker 2>I will say that because that's his zone three. But <v Speaker 2>it was flowering and doing great. So you know, that's <v Speaker 2>one that can be easily resolved by picking the right variety, <v Speaker 2>which is another strategy that you can use in pushing <v Speaker 2>hardiness zones. For example, if you want to grow rosemary, <v Speaker 2>the variety arparp Is known to be much hardier than <v Speaker 2>other types of rosemary, so sometimes it's worth looking into <v Speaker 2>is there a specific variety that will work next on <v Speaker 2>the list. I hear this from a lot of Zone <v Speaker 2>four gardeners because they're just not quite at the threshold <v Speaker 2>Rosa Sharon. Oh really, Well, you know, it's a pretty <v Speaker 2>beloved plant, and I think, you know, if you're in <v Speaker 2>Zone four, you're just kind of like so close and <v Speaker 2>yet so far when it comes to growing Rosa Sharon. <v Speaker 2>And you know, I have to confess, even though a <v Speaker 2>lot of people feel like roses of Sharon are kind <v Speaker 2>of just a ho home plant, there are very few <v Speaker 2>other shrubs that bloom that much and look that great. <v Speaker 2>They attract hummingbirds, they attract pollinators. <v Speaker 1>And at that time of year. <v Speaker 2>Yeah, and they're dead easy to grow. I mean, you <v Speaker 2>don't have to do a single darn thing. So definitely <v Speaker 2>hearing that from the Zone four and colder gardeners. I <v Speaker 2>hear from a lot of cold climate gardeners that they <v Speaker 2>wish they could grow are perfected mundo azaleas. And you know, <v Speaker 2>that's a situation where you know, when I talk to <v Speaker 2>gardeners about that, that's really a perfect example of how <v Speaker 2>the hardiness zone system fails us Now, the hardiness zone <v Speaker 2>USDA Hardiness oon system is the only system that we <v Speaker 2>have for determining a plant's temperature tolerance. But of course <v Speaker 2>it's not perfect. Few systems are. But the issue here <v Speaker 2>is that, you know, yes, perfected Mundo azaleas are hardy <v Speaker 2>down to Zone six B. They have overwintered here, but <v Speaker 2>not all USDA Zone six B areas are the same. <v Speaker 2>And when we're only talking about the lowest temperature in <v Speaker 2>area will get, then we're not you know, you know, <v Speaker 2>involving other factors like how long does it say that <v Speaker 2>cold and is there snow cover and all of these <v Speaker 2>other things. So you know, absolutely perfecting wind to azalels <v Speaker 2>will do great on the east coast sort of in <v Speaker 2>that southeast Delaware kind of area do perfectly well. But <v Speaker 2>you know, when you get into the Midwest and six bees, <v Speaker 2>things are a little bit different. Crepe myrtle is another one, <v Speaker 2>and that's that's when I feel like, you know, yes, <v Speaker 2>of course we do have varieties that we are finding <v Speaker 2>bloom perfectly swell even down to USCA Zone five. They <v Speaker 2>may die back to the ground, but because they are <v Speaker 2>shrubby crape myrtles. It doesn't matter, you're not losing this <v Speaker 2>whole huge plant. They just come back from the ground. <v Speaker 2>But I also feel like that's a plant that as <v Speaker 2>it has become more mainstream and thanks to the Internet <v Speaker 2>where people are better able to share their experiences, are <v Speaker 2>finding out it's a little bit more cold tolerant than <v Speaker 2>they thought. And of course my favorite camellia. So that's <v Speaker 2>the quick end of my quick list for cold climate <v Speaker 2>gardeners wishing that they could grow. Definitely, you already said it, Rick. <v Speaker 2>The number one plant that I hear from warm climate <v Speaker 2>gardeners that they dearly wish they could grow is lilacs. <v Speaker 2>And you know, I don't even I think it's just <v Speaker 2>a transplants, you know, people who grew up in colder <v Speaker 2>climates and found themselves moving to a warmer climate. I mean, <v Speaker 2>they're just kind of like the epitome of like a <v Speaker 2>romantic spring plants fragrance, I mean, and they really are <v Speaker 2>an extraordinary fragrance. And you know they're even here in <v Speaker 2>the North. I have to say, they bloom all too short, <v Speaker 2>especially lately where it tends to get a little bit <v Speaker 2>warmer in May, those blooms can be very very short lived. <v Speaker 2>But lilocks. You know, it's harder for our friends in <v Speaker 2>warm climates to grow something like a lilac, And you <v Speaker 2>don't really have the advantage that we have of starting <v Speaker 2>earlier in the season and trying to get it established <v Speaker 2>because the problem with the lilacs they strictly need a <v Speaker 2>cold treatment, a period of cold temperatures in order to <v Speaker 2>set and develop their flower buds. And that's not something <v Speaker 2>you can really get around. <v Speaker 1>Yeah, exactly. <v Speaker 2>You know, unless you're gonna kind of ring up some <v Speaker 2>sort of elaborate refrigerator system that's going to be in <v Speaker 2>your yard all winter, chill in the plants. <v Speaker 1>You're not going to be able to fix it with <v Speaker 1>shading trying to cool it. <v Speaker 2>Exactly. <v Speaker 1>Just can't get it fire. <v Speaker 2>Enough, so it does. That does make a difference. Panicle <v Speaker 2>hydrange is now, that's another plant people in warm climates <v Speaker 2>can grow them. We just moved all of our panicle <v Speaker 2>hydrange of heat tolerance to USDA Zone nine based on <v Speaker 2>feedback from our growers and from our new plant development <v Speaker 2>manager who grew up in the South. But you know, <v Speaker 2>as fabulous as they are, they don't really turn great colors. <v Speaker 2>So they don't only wish that they could grow panicle <v Speaker 2>hydrange as they can, they wish that they could get <v Speaker 2>that fabulous pink, purple, pink red color that we get <v Speaker 2>up here. Now, this one is not a shrub, But boy, <v Speaker 2>have I heard from a lot of warm climate. <v Speaker 1>Garden where you're going here now? Yeah? <v Speaker 2>Yeah, p andies. Yeah, And so that I think is <v Speaker 2>a great example of how we as a cold climate <v Speaker 2>gardener can feel comforted by something. I mean, because how <v Speaker 2>fabulous are peonies. <v Speaker 1>And p andies embrace cold web. <v Speaker 2>They love it. Yeah, they need it, they absolutely need it. <v Speaker 2>So you know, we can be grateful we might be <v Speaker 2>able to grow a lemon, but we can grow a <v Speaker 2>pa andy and the grass is always greener. On the <v Speaker 2>other side, the other one, hear a lot from warm <v Speaker 2>climate peeps blacklace elderberry. Really yes, because even though this <v Speaker 2>plant the planet itself will grow, what it will not <v Speaker 2>do in warm climates is turned black. The heat is <v Speaker 2>just too intense and it kind of gets this weird <v Speaker 2>muddy green color. Okay, So you know, unfortunately, like I said, <v Speaker 2>for our warm climate friends, it is a little bit <v Speaker 2>harder for you to do to take the measures that <v Speaker 2>we can take in cold climates like this, where we <v Speaker 2>can plant and spring, we can choose protected areas, we <v Speaker 2>can research and find varieties that are more suited. Although <v Speaker 2>you can do that warm climate friends to a certain extent, <v Speaker 2>there is such a thing as low chill lilacs that <v Speaker 2>require fewer chilling hours. And so the way you will <v Speaker 2>figure those out is if you look at that heartiness <v Speaker 2>zone range on a plant. If it goes up to <v Speaker 2>say zone eight instead of just zone seven, like our <v Speaker 2>centaur lilocs do versus our bloomerang lilacs, that means they <v Speaker 2>require fewer chilling hours. So with a little bit of <v Speaker 2>research you can find that. But you know, I would <v Speaker 2>also say that if we all look into our gardens <v Speaker 2>and do some self examination, I think we can all <v Speaker 2>be pretty happy at the things that we can grow, <v Speaker 2>and despite wishing what else we could grow, I think <v Speaker 2>we can be pretty happy with you. Right on that note, <v Speaker 2>we're going to take a little break and when we <v Speaker 2>come back, we're opening up the mailbags. So stay tuned <v Speaker 2>at proven winners color choice shrubs. We know that a <v Speaker 2>better landscape starts with a better shrub. Our team of <v Speaker 2>experts tests and evaluates all of our flowering shrubs and <v Speaker 2>evergreens for eight to ten years to ensure they outperform <v Speaker 2>what's already on the market. For easycare, reliable, beautiful shrubs <v Speaker 2>to accentuate your home and express your personal style, look <v Speaker 2>for Proven Winners shrubs in the distinctive white container at <v Speaker 2>your local garden center or learn more at proven Winner's <v Speaker 2>Color choice dot com. Creating's gardening friends and welcome back <v Speaker 2>to the Gardening Simplified Show. Where is our pleasure to <v Speaker 2>help you with your gardens questions, quandaries and conundrums. And <v Speaker 2>if you have one of those, you can reach out <v Speaker 2>to us at help at Gardening Simplified on air dot com, <v Speaker 2>or just visit Gardeningsimplified on air dot com. There's a <v Speaker 2>contact from there. You can even attach a picture, and <v Speaker 2>you can also ask a question on our YouTube comments. <v Speaker 2>Adriana reads all of those and asks for help if <v Speaker 2>she needs it. Otherwise, you know, Adurana knows a lot, <v Speaker 2>so she can answer most of them on her own. <v Speaker 2>But so there's lots of different ways that we can <v Speaker 2>try to help you, especially if your question is maybe <v Speaker 2>not all that amenable to asking on the radio, because <v Speaker 2>you know, we have limited time, and sometimes things are <v Speaker 2>like very complicated and I'm using my hands a lot, <v Speaker 2>and you know all of that, and it's not easy <v Speaker 2>to answer, So you know, we want it to be <v Speaker 2>like I could, I could go on forever on some questions, <v Speaker 2>so as Adriana can certainly attest. So anyway, we would <v Speaker 2>love to hear from you, and we do appreciate you <v Speaker 2>listening and asking your questions. So we have someone who <v Speaker 2>has a question specifically for you. Her name is Kathy, <v Speaker 2>and she says, I am going to Amsterdam and Brussels <v Speaker 2>April nineteenth to twenty eighth. Of course I want to <v Speaker 2>see tulips and gardens. Would you be willing to share <v Speaker 2>with me the gardens you visited on your recent trip, <v Speaker 2>in particular the tulip fields. Thank you? <v Speaker 1>Oh wow, Well, I'll tell you what. Both my parents <v Speaker 1>were born and raised in the Netherlands, survived World War two, <v Speaker 1>the hunger winter in the Netherlands of nineteen forty four <v Speaker 1>forty five eight tulip bulbs to stay alive. So they <v Speaker 1>were born in an area just south of Amsterdam. And <v Speaker 1>if you focus your attention on the area, I'm thinking <v Speaker 1>it's just south and west of Amsterdam. It's an area <v Speaker 1>called Lissa l i ss. The fields in that area <v Speaker 1>are beautiful, so you can I mean, first stop, you <v Speaker 1>have to go to Koykinhoff Gardens. <v Speaker 2>I mean it's just kind of the gold standard. <v Speaker 1>Oh it's the gold standard. I mean it's since it's <v Speaker 1>absolutely beautiful. But I found myself pulling off to the <v Speaker 1>side along the roadways in that general area taking photographs <v Speaker 1>of the fields. And the funnest thing that I got <v Speaker 1>to do in that regard to address Kathy's question, and <v Speaker 1>I'm gonna go back and do it again, is you <v Speaker 1>can rent a bike. Bikes are big in the Netherlands. <v Speaker 1>Everybody's riding a bike. And you rent a bike and <v Speaker 1>you leave the Koikanhoff area and you pedal around areas <v Speaker 1>like Halvec I think it's pronounced or Lisa. You're able <v Speaker 1>to get up close and personal with these fields where <v Speaker 1>they're actually growing these bulbs. And I have numerous pictures <v Speaker 1>of that, took video, just just loved it, and that's <v Speaker 1>what I would recommend you do. Get on a bike. <v Speaker 1>You can rent the bike, I believe right near Koikanhoff, <v Speaker 1>right near the gardens there, and then head out on <v Speaker 1>these beautifully paved trails and see some of these fields <v Speaker 1>for yourself. <v Speaker 2>And it's known to be very flat, which is why <v Speaker 2>it's so great for tulips. So you don't have to <v Speaker 2>worry about, you know, getting winded on those hills and <v Speaker 2>it's just going to have a very pleasant bike. Right now, <v Speaker 2>What do you think about that timing? Do you think <v Speaker 2>the tulips will still be at peak in mid to <v Speaker 2>late April? <v Speaker 1>No, that's always a roll of the dice. When I've <v Speaker 1>been there, it's been mid April, right smack dab in <v Speaker 1>mid April, and it was beautiful. I would think April <v Speaker 1>nineteen to twenty eight, you should be in good shape. <v Speaker 2>Yes, yeah, I think. I mean there's late tulips, of course, <v Speaker 2>you know there's early, mid and late tulips. And that's <v Speaker 2>why down here in Holland, in Michigan you can usually <v Speaker 2>catch some tulips even if we have an early spring, <v Speaker 2>because they make sure to plant that full range. And <v Speaker 2>you know, I've been to Amsterdam once many years ago. <v Speaker 2>It was in late spring, and I really found that <v Speaker 2>all of Amsterdam was like a garden. I mean, you <v Speaker 2>know when I was there, the horse chestnuts were in bloom. <v Speaker 2>There were baby ducks in the canals, and it was <v Speaker 2>it was a ferryland. <v Speaker 1>It was just the country beautiful. <v Speaker 2>Yeah. <v Speaker 1>And that's the other thing I'd suggest to Kathy is <v Speaker 1>is I rented a car. I got off the plane <v Speaker 1>and got my rental car and I pretty much drove <v Speaker 1>all of Holland. It's beautiful. <v Speaker 2>Yeah. <v Speaker 1>And like you said, Stacey, it's flat, so you know. <v Speaker 1>And if you were to rent a bike, if you could, <v Speaker 1>if pedling looks sounds like a lot of work to you, <v Speaker 1>you can get electric. <v Speaker 2>Yeah. Well yeah, e bikes are everywhere now, right, And <v Speaker 2>I think there is a small botanical garden in Amsterdam <v Speaker 2>propers if you are seeing in a hotel. I visited <v Speaker 2>that and found it was quite lovely. But really everywhere <v Speaker 2>you go, I mean, and like most of Europe, you know, <v Speaker 2>just there's just so much more planting, yes, and plants <v Speaker 2>and venerable old trees and parks everywhere in most places <v Speaker 2>that you just kind of always have that sense that <v Speaker 2>you're you're never really far away from some fabulous plants. <v Speaker 1>So focus on the Lissa area. <v Speaker 2>L I s s all right, we have a different <v Speaker 2>question from a question from a different cafee. O. She <v Speaker 2>says Hi. We living grand rapids in this spring. We <v Speaker 2>want to plant a lawn alternative to grass. We're looking <v Speaker 2>at clover. We can't physically do the entire yard, but <v Speaker 2>we have large patches that we want to fill in <v Speaker 2>with clover. Can you give any advice and when to <v Speaker 2>plant and the best way. We'd also like to know <v Speaker 2>what's the best clover seed to purchase. You have any <v Speaker 2>experience with clover lawns as our resident lawn. <v Speaker 1>Expert, Well, we used to at the garden center sell <v Speaker 1>a lot of white clover. And of course clover is <v Speaker 1>nitrogen fixing, so you're dealing with something that's quite different <v Speaker 1>from turf because stacy with turf, it seems like we're <v Speaker 1>always out there pumping down the fertilizer and putting in <v Speaker 1>the inputs, whereas with clover. With clover you don't. So again, <v Speaker 1>soil preparation similar to if you're going to be planting <v Speaker 1>grass seed, and of course a concern if it's in <v Speaker 1>a sunny area. Did you have experience with crab grass <v Speaker 1>and nuts edge last year? If you didn't, great, but <v Speaker 1>if you did, you may find that as you try <v Speaker 1>to seed this, you're going to have some competition from <v Speaker 1>those weeds as the weather starts to warm up, and <v Speaker 1>that can make it a little bit difficult. <v Speaker 2>If you didn't have crabgrass and nutsedge. I want to <v Speaker 2>know your secret, Please let me know. Yeah. I love <v Speaker 2>the idea of clover as a long alternative. It's so pretty, <v Speaker 2>you know, it says grain all season you can look <v Speaker 2>for four leaf clovers and how fun is that? And <v Speaker 2>you know, and then you got the flowers that attract bees. Now, <v Speaker 2>some people don't like that, but just because it attracts <v Speaker 2>and sustains bees does not mean it is going to <v Speaker 2>increase the beastings in your yard because the bees are <v Speaker 2>too happy gathering the nectar from the clover flowers. That said, <v Speaker 2>there are two main types of clover that are recommended <v Speaker 2>as lawns. Number one is a mini clover, and you'll <v Speaker 2>find various varieties of this, but if you search mini clover, <v Speaker 2>that one is going to have much smaller leaves and <v Speaker 2>be much closer to the ground. So if you want <v Speaker 2>more of that kind of conventional, well groomed lawn, look, <v Speaker 2>a mini clover is the way to go. Otherwise, like <v Speaker 2>you said, Rick, the white clover is kind of the <v Speaker 2>gold standard I was also reading an article that talked <v Speaker 2>about strawberry clover, which is actually a species of clover, <v Speaker 2>but they said that it has been difficult to produce <v Speaker 2>and find so worth looking into. Perhaps you can find <v Speaker 2>it at a feed store. But the biggest thing, you know, <v Speaker 2>we're talking about pushing your hardiness zone today because we <v Speaker 2>felt like this timing was right so that people could <v Speaker 2>actually take action and push the hardiness zone on some <v Speaker 2>plants they're interested in this season. I have always heard <v Speaker 2>that the best time to establish a clover lawn is <v Speaker 2>in full yes, and in more certain terms than just like, oh, <v Speaker 2>you know, the best time to plant alawn is fall, <v Speaker 2>but spring is okay. I have heard that, you know, really, <v Speaker 2>especially because it is more expensive than grass seed, your <v Speaker 2>best stuff. Putting your your efforts in full well. <v Speaker 1>Have to soak the seed and your right state. See <v Speaker 1>fall well, as far as turf is concerned, falls better <v Speaker 1>also because you don't have the competition of those weeds <v Speaker 1>that are aggressive at that time of the year. And <v Speaker 1>then of course summer can be very stressful on a <v Speaker 1>lawn or clover. So I would agree fall is a <v Speaker 1>great time and if you've got a lot of landscape <v Speaker 1>plants that you love and you want a clover lawn. <v Speaker 1>If you don't have barriers, bear in mind you're also <v Speaker 1>going to attract bunny rabbits. <v Speaker 2>Oh yes, I have tried to grow ornamental clovers before, <v Speaker 2>the really pretty ones that just that came out a <v Speaker 2>couple of years ago. I mean because I love them. <v Speaker 2>I love clover and I love fur lyf clovers. And yeah, <v Speaker 2>those lasted about a night if that, maybe like an <v Speaker 2>hour of the first hour of the evening, and the <v Speaker 2>rabbits were like, hey, everybody party te time. There's fresh <v Speaker 2>clover over here. They do really love it. And you know, <v Speaker 2>that's really another challenge for the fall is because by <v Speaker 2>then food is starting to get a little bit more scarce, <v Speaker 2>things have died back, so you may want to cover <v Speaker 2>those areas are somehow otherwise exclude rabbits. You can try <v Speaker 2>using a repellent. And maybe you don't have problems with <v Speaker 2>rabbits either. And you live in this magical faeryland where <v Speaker 2>there's no rabbits and no crab grass and nutsedge in <v Speaker 2>your in your in, your clover lawn is going to <v Speaker 2>grow in beautifully. Uh, it could happen. <v Speaker 1>And kudos to you. Kathy for trying. Yeah, like the <v Speaker 1>like the old Yankee New York Yankees catcher Yogi Bearra said, <v Speaker 1>it ain't over until it's clover, so give it a trick, right. <v Speaker 2>And I've also heard that that you know your your <v Speaker 2>strategy here, Kathy, with mixing in patches of clover with <v Speaker 2>you know, conventional turf grass. That if just a quarter <v Speaker 2>of your lawn was clover and you multi the clipping <v Speaker 2>so you don't bag them, you let them just lie <v Speaker 2>as they go, that you will have You'll serve all <v Speaker 2>of the lawns nitrogen needs just by the existence of <v Speaker 2>the clover, because it's fixing it from the ground that <v Speaker 2>goes into the foliage and by decomposing the foliage, you're <v Speaker 2>actually fertilizing your lawn the grass in your lawn when <v Speaker 2>you mow. <v Speaker 1>So and I would think that probably do a little <v Speaker 1>research on this, but you may have to look into <v Speaker 1>it an inoculant at the time when you seed, so <v Speaker 1>soaking the seeds, some stratification in inoculant. But then you <v Speaker 1>can be successful, certainly in Michigan you can. <v Speaker 2>And it's very long lived. It's a good perennial plant <v Speaker 2>that's going to keep sewing, so keep us posted on <v Speaker 2>the project. I would love to hear more about it. <v Speaker 2>With that, we are going to take a little break. <v Speaker 2>When we come back, we're finishing our conversation on pushing <v Speaker 2>your hardiness own, so stay tuned. Thanks for listening to <v Speaker 2>the Gardening Simplified podcast, brought to you by Proven Winners <v Speaker 2>Color Choice Shrubs. Our award winning flowering shrubs and evergreens <v Speaker 2>are trialed and tested by experts with your success in mind. <v Speaker 2>Learn more at Proven Winners color Choice dot com. <v Speaker 1>Okay, it's been fun talking today about zone pushing. Let's <v Speaker 1>touch on a couple of quick things. Stacey, I do <v Speaker 1>want to mention right off the bat that warm micro <v Speaker 1>climates micro cannot defeat macro. In other words, this past <v Speaker 1>winter was so cold it could have killed it all. <v Speaker 1>I'm thinking about my Peruvian lilies the Ulster area, still <v Speaker 1>waiting to see if they made it. And if it's <v Speaker 1>killed below ground, well then it's over. But it brings <v Speaker 1>up the point that you can successfully zone push by <v Speaker 1>mulching heavily in winter. And it's a good reminder that <v Speaker 1>mulch is not permanent. And what I mean by that <v Speaker 1>is you could pile on the mulch for winter, similar <v Speaker 1>to what I do with my Musa bijoux. But then <v Speaker 1>in spring you got to remember to pull it back. <v Speaker 2>Yeah, you know, and that's a good strategy. We didn't <v Speaker 2>We talked a lot about shrubs, because of course this <v Speaker 2>is proven winter's color choice shrubs, but the mulch strategy <v Speaker 2>is particularly effective for herbaceous perennials. Arbacious perennials die back <v Speaker 2>to the ground completely. There are no parts above ground. <v Speaker 2>So like when we have a fig, it's a woody plant, <v Speaker 2>those plants are parts are above ground. They have to <v Speaker 2>survive the winter. The roots are probably gonna be okay <v Speaker 2>when it comes to something like elstermeiria or you know, <v Speaker 2>the banana. Banana is actually a herbaceous perennial. They are <v Speaker 2>not trees exactly, so those can all benefit from, you know, <v Speaker 2>that thick pile of mulch. And I have also seen <v Speaker 2>at a public garden of State New York Stonecrop Gardens <v Speaker 2>in near cold Spring. Fabulous, fabulous garden. If you are <v Speaker 2>in the New York City area and are looking for <v Speaker 2>an amazing garden to visit, It's only open sometimes, but wow, <v Speaker 2>what an amazing place. They were overwintering a gunnera so <v Speaker 2>you know, yes, I mean, who doesn't love a gunner Yes, <v Speaker 2>giant rubar has these massive, massive leaves and it's really <v Speaker 2>considered a pretty tender plant. Grows perfectly swell out in <v Speaker 2>Oregon and in England, but yeah, definitely tender. So they <v Speaker 2>had a gunnerra that they heaped a mulch and manure on, <v Speaker 2>and then they built a box for it out of <v Speaker 2>those thick syrophoam insulation panels. <v Speaker 1>Oh interesting. <v Speaker 2>Yeah, And they just used like some screws to screw <v Speaker 2>it all together into like a big house around it. <v Speaker 2>And they had been keeping that gunnarra for some time. <v Speaker 1>That way, I hate to admit that I have participated <v Speaker 1>in some of these kinds of way an it's good, Yeah, <v Speaker 1>I guess so, you know which which leads me to <v Speaker 1>our next point. But before I go there, can you <v Speaker 1>remind me what was the name of the botanical gardens? <v Speaker 2>Oh? Stone Crop Gardens, stone Crop, Oh, yeah, such an <v Speaker 2>amazing place. It's actually the personal garden of the gentleman <v Speaker 2>who started the Garden Conservancy, Frank Kevit, So it was <v Speaker 2>his US garden. He also has like culture vole in Quebec. <v Speaker 2>That's his other garden. There's a documentary on that. But yeah, <v Speaker 2>just an absolutely beautiful, interesting, fun, fun guarden. <v Speaker 1>Okay, excellent. Thanks for bringing that up. I'm going to <v Speaker 1>add it to the list of places I want to go. <v Speaker 1>It does bring up the point as long as we're <v Speaker 1>talking about zone pushing, and that is some people will <v Speaker 1>try to push zones, not via panels or wind breaks <v Speaker 1>or micro climates, but rather by wrapping plants. And this <v Speaker 1>is a tough subject because I've seen some major mistakes <v Speaker 1>made out there. I've seen people take garbage bags or <v Speaker 1>sheet rolls of plastic with bungee cords and one of <v Speaker 1>the worst things that you can do. If you want <v Speaker 1>to kill a plant, go ahead and do that, So <v Speaker 1>don't wrap in that manner. Now, of course, burlap works <v Speaker 1>quite well, burlap breeze and when I was in the <v Speaker 1>garden center industry Boy and Fall, we sold rolls and <v Speaker 1>rolls and rolls of burlap. Some people. I have seen <v Speaker 1>some people who use lights thinking they're Christmas lights or <v Speaker 1>an incandescent bulb. Again, I don't recommend that. I think <v Speaker 1>the key if you're going to provide some sort of <v Speaker 1>wrap or protection is that you do have to have <v Speaker 1>air movement, similar to the old styrofoam cones we used <v Speaker 1>to use on roses. Always recommended taking a pencil and <v Speaker 1>poking holes in the cone because otherwise stacy. Essentially you're <v Speaker 1>creating a microwave ome. <v Speaker 2>Yeah, and you know, especially if the plants are not <v Speaker 2>completely dormant when you do surround them, which is to <v Speaker 2>say they're still green and metabolizing, then all they're doing <v Speaker 2>is putting out water vapor that's going to then condense <v Speaker 2>in there and get it really soggy and bad news. <v Speaker 1>So yes, exactly, high reflectivity on some surfaces on a home. <v Speaker 1>And again I'm one of these people who's always testing <v Speaker 1>this issue. Am I picking up a half a zone, <v Speaker 1>maybe as much as as a zone by planting near <v Speaker 1>the foundation of the house, not on the north side <v Speaker 1>of the house, where the structural shade is unforgiving, but <v Speaker 1>possibly on the west or the south side of the house, <v Speaker 1>which brings up a point. And that is there has <v Speaker 1>to be a reason why some orchards or people who <v Speaker 1>grow fruit or grapes grow them on a slope. A <v Speaker 1>slope provides better drainage, preventing wet feet and root rot, <v Speaker 1>but increased solar exposure, especially on south facing slopes again <v Speaker 1>is going to boost soil and air temperature for earlier <v Speaker 1>ripening and better flavor. So maybe the fruit people are <v Speaker 1>onto something there. <v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's a good way to use a slope too. <v Speaker 1>Yes, exactly. And paying attention to the water issue. If <v Speaker 1>a plant sits in water all winter long, odds are <v Speaker 1>you're going to lose it. And we've talked about plants <v Speaker 1>that just cannot handle their wet feet or winter long. <v Speaker 1>Raised beds are another way to kind of at least <v Speaker 1>maybe not push the zone, but advance the season because <v Speaker 1>soil that is above ground, especially if it's a sizable <v Speaker 1>amount of soil in a raised bed, that soil is <v Speaker 1>going to warm up quicker in spring, and in many <v Speaker 1>cases we can get an earlier start, especially if you <v Speaker 1>have some frost blankets where if we have a cold night, <v Speaker 1>you're able to cover some of those plants. Thermal mass <v Speaker 1>placing large rocks, water barrels, masonry near sensitive plants to <v Speaker 1>absorb and release heat, wind breaks, using fences, hedges, woven <v Speaker 1>panels to block cold wind, especially from the north or <v Speaker 1>the west, and then if you really want to take <v Speaker 1>it to the next level. Well, cold frames, Oh yeah, <v Speaker 1>cold frame. <v Speaker 2>May that works so so well for shrubs or perennials, <v Speaker 2>but it's definitely a season extender. <v Speaker 1>Well again, and I remember being on Cape cod and <v Speaker 1>the frustration of people during a polar vortex winter, which <v Speaker 1>doesn't happen every winter, But they got to the point <v Speaker 1>Stacy where there are Macrophila hydranges. They were planting in <v Speaker 1>large seven gallon tubs and then digging an area of <v Speaker 1>soil out, framing it with wood and creating a frame, <v Speaker 1>so to speak, to overwinter the plants. Because there's a <v Speaker 1>lot of pressure on them. People come in summer expecting <v Speaker 1>to see hydranges in bloom, not foliage. <v Speaker 2>Yeah, that's for sure. You know. I think there's two <v Speaker 2>things that stick out to me about this whole conversation. <v Speaker 2>Number one is that people need to know that the <v Speaker 2>hardiness zones on a plant tag are general kind of assumptions. <v Speaker 1>Exactly. <v Speaker 2>It's not like there has been extensive scientific says. I <v Speaker 2>hate to break this to you if you thought that <v Speaker 2>there was some you know, authority here last we were <v Speaker 2>talking about invasive plants and all the authorities involved in <v Speaker 2>invasive plants. It's just the opposite here. Yes, the heartiness <v Speaker 2>own system is administered by the USDA, but there has <v Speaker 2>never been a massive study where everybody, you know, kind <v Speaker 2>of collected all the data and they said, definitively, this <v Speaker 2>plant is hardy to hear and hate tolerant to hear. <v Speaker 2>So we do the best that we can, you know, <v Speaker 2>And a lot of these are assumptions, but that's an <v Speaker 2>opportunity for you to break the other thing that you know. <v Speaker 2>I think that it's important that we kind of as <v Speaker 2>we're winding down this conversation bring up is that very often, <v Speaker 2>if you are the kind of gardener who wants to <v Speaker 2>push your hardiness zone, you're probably going to have to <v Speaker 2>either order your plants online or visit a garden center <v Speaker 2>in another state, because chances are your garden center is <v Speaker 2>only selling stuff that they believe to be hearty to <v Speaker 2>your area. A lot of them, yes they should be, <v Speaker 2>because a lot of them offer a guarantee, so they're <v Speaker 2>not really going out on a limb and saying, hey, <v Speaker 2>i'll bet you're an experimental gardener. Here's some fun stuff. <v Speaker 2>Give it a try. So you do have to kind <v Speaker 2>of go the extra step to the garden center as <v Speaker 2>much as we encourage you to shop at your local <v Speaker 2>independent garden center, if you're pushing your hard in a zone, <v Speaker 2>it's probably not the best place to start to start, <v Speaker 2>although certainly take a road trip down to the next <v Speaker 2>harding a zone or one down from there and see <v Speaker 2>what you can find. <v Speaker 1>Yeah, which brings up the point. I think that mid <v Speaker 1>section of the US Tennessee, North Carolina, Kentucky, southern Ohio, <v Speaker 1>southern Indiana, Illinois, Well, you guys live in a great area, <v Speaker 1>because if there's an area there where I would be <v Speaker 1>putting my foot on the gas and really zone pushing, <v Speaker 1>it would be there. I mean, you know, because odds <v Speaker 1>are here in Michigan we're going to get a cold winter, <v Speaker 1>but boy, I would gamble. So in summary here, Stacy, <v Speaker 1>do you think it's a good idea to suggest to <v Speaker 1>people that they zone push. <v Speaker 2>I think if you are the type of person who <v Speaker 2>likes to learn from your gardening, have something no one <v Speaker 2>else has, and you're willing to possibly take a little <v Speaker 2>bit of a loss for all of that potential gain. <v Speaker 1>Absolutely, and I feel the same way. Of course, I <v Speaker 1>could be criticized because, again, having worked in the garden center, <v Speaker 1>my industry my whole life. I mean the business of <v Speaker 1>selling plans, but aside from that, what I do personally <v Speaker 1>I zone push. I do too, you bet. Thanks Stacy, <v Speaker 1>thanks Rick, Thanks Adriana, and thanks to you for watching <v Speaker 1>us on YouTube, downloading our podcast, or listening to our <v Speaker 1>radio show version. Have yourself a great week
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