329 | Art of the Session: Empowerment Through Choice Giving
Play Therapy Podcast: A Master-Class in Child-Centered Play Therapy
In this episode of the Art of the Session series, I focus on the second pillar of CCPT: choice giving. While limit-setting often leads to enforcement choices, empowerment choices are much rarer—and very powerful. Empowerment choices allow children to practice making decisions, accept responsibility for outcomes, and experience a sense of control in a world where adults dictate most of their lives.
I walk through examples of how to intentionally incorporate empowerment choices in session, from offering a child two types of paints to choosing between swords in a play battle. I also explain how choices can be woven into the session process itself—such as during transitions in and out of the playroom. Finally, I emphasize why the exact wording matters: "You can choose A, you can choose B, which do you choose?" The consistent use of the word choose three times makes it clear, powerful, and adherent to the model.
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Common References: Cochran, N., Nordling, W., & Cochran, J. (2010). Child-Centered Play Therapy (1st ed.). Wiley. VanFleet, R., Sywulak, A. E., & Sniscak, C. C. (2010). Child-centered play therapy. Guilford Press. Landreth, G.L. (2023). Play Therapy: The Art of the Relationship (4th ed.). Routledge. Landreth, G.L., & Bratton, S.C. (2019). Child-Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT): An Evidence-Based 10-Session Filial Therapy Model (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315537948 Benedict, Helen. Themes in Play Therapy. Used with permission to Heartland Play Therapy Institute.
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0 00:00:00,469 --> 00:00:04,309 You're listening to the Play Therapy Podcast with Dr. Brenna Hicks, 1 00:00:04,469 --> 00:00:08,199 your source for centered and focused play therapy coaching. 2 00:00:08,550 --> 00:00:08,710 Hi, 3 00:00:08,789 --> 00:00:09,850 I'm Dr. Brenna Hicks, 4 00:00:09,859 --> 00:00:10,590 The Kid Counselor. 5 00:00:10,710 --> 00:00:12,670 This is the Play Therapy Podcast where you get 6 00:00:12,670 --> 00:00:15,000 a master class in child-centered play therapy 7 00:00:15,270 --> 00:00:17,420 and practical support and application for your 8 00:00:17,420 --> 00:00:19,059 work with children and their families. 9 00:00:19,590 --> 00:00:20,350 In today's episode, 10 00:00:20,430 --> 00:00:23,340 we are continuing the Art of the Session series. 11 00:00:23,670 --> 00:00:25,059 We have been 12 00:00:25,190 --> 00:00:27,030 in the process from 13 00:00:27,149 --> 00:00:29,340 the beginning all the way through. 14 00:00:29,739 --> 00:00:33,279 What are the things that we need to be doing for mastering 15 00:00:33,450 --> 00:00:34,049 sessions? 16 00:00:34,669 --> 00:00:38,049 And the last 3 we've covered reflective responding. 17 00:00:38,659 --> 00:00:40,310 So now we're moving into 18 00:00:40,479 --> 00:00:41,389 the pillars. 19 00:00:41,659 --> 00:00:42,970 And as I mentioned last time, 20 00:00:43,340 --> 00:00:45,090 reflecting feelings is 21 00:00:45,340 --> 00:00:46,209 the hybrid, 22 00:00:46,459 --> 00:00:49,569 so that's one of the reflective responses as well as one of the pillars. 23 00:00:49,939 --> 00:00:51,409 So that kind of serves 24 00:00:51,659 --> 00:00:52,540 both purposes. 25 00:00:52,580 --> 00:00:56,090 We're gonna move into choice giving today as the second pillar. 26 00:00:57,250 --> 00:01:00,119 One of the things that's important to note about choice giving 27 00:01:00,459 --> 00:01:01,400 is that 28 00:01:01,569 --> 00:01:04,370 it is a little bit tricky to work into your sessions. 29 00:01:05,719 --> 00:01:07,749 True empowerment choice giving 30 00:01:08,079 --> 00:01:08,999 is difficult. 31 00:01:09,079 --> 00:01:09,378 Now, 32 00:01:09,558 --> 00:01:10,268 often, 33 00:01:10,399 --> 00:01:14,208 what ends up happening is if we provide choices to a child in the playroom, 34 00:01:14,799 --> 00:01:18,158 it is an enforcement choice tied to a limit that was set. 35 00:01:19,150 --> 00:01:20,790 We're gonna talk about limit setting next, 36 00:01:21,000 --> 00:01:23,199 but that is not an empowerment choice. 37 00:01:23,239 --> 00:01:28,419 That is an enforcement choice and that is always tied to a required limit 38 00:01:29,160 --> 00:01:29,959 necessary limit 39 00:01:30,440 --> 00:01:33,190 when we see when we think about empowerment choices, 40 00:01:33,760 --> 00:01:35,989 we're talking about a choice 41 00:01:36,319 --> 00:01:38,919 for the opportunity for the child to make one. 42 00:01:40,180 --> 00:01:42,269 It's not because a limit was necessary, 43 00:01:42,330 --> 00:01:45,139 it's not because there's a violation of a boundary, 44 00:01:45,349 --> 00:01:47,199 it's not because we're 45 00:01:47,470 --> 00:01:49,440 doing something other than 46 00:01:50,069 --> 00:01:52,569 you get to practice making choices. 47 00:01:53,739 --> 00:01:54,339 So therefore, 48 00:01:54,349 --> 00:01:55,660 an empowerment choice 49 00:01:56,019 --> 00:01:59,660 is very meaningful in play sessions when you can work them in. 50 00:02:00,769 --> 00:02:01,760 Mid-session 51 00:02:01,930 --> 00:02:02,849 can be pretty tricky. 52 00:02:03,580 --> 00:02:05,610 So what it would look like mid-session 53 00:02:05,940 --> 00:02:06,849 is 54 00:02:07,260 --> 00:02:09,529 the child is going 55 00:02:09,740 --> 00:02:10,899 to paint. 56 00:02:10,979 --> 00:02:11,839 They tell you 57 00:02:12,020 --> 00:02:13,100 that they want to paint. 58 00:02:13,800 --> 00:02:15,000 And you have 59 00:02:15,229 --> 00:02:16,389 watercolor paints. 60 00:02:17,330 --> 00:02:18,199 As I do 61 00:02:19,539 --> 00:02:19,740 Many, 62 00:02:19,860 --> 00:02:22,339 many of you that know me well know that that's all I have. 63 00:02:23,059 --> 00:02:25,490 But then you also have liquid paints maybe, 64 00:02:25,699 --> 00:02:26,690 perish the thought. 65 00:02:27,339 --> 00:02:31,169 But if you had two choices of paints and the child declares, 66 00:02:31,300 --> 00:02:32,449 I want to paint a picture. 67 00:02:33,279 --> 00:02:36,220 You have a very brief opportunity to say 68 00:02:36,539 --> 00:02:38,089 you'd like to paint something, 69 00:02:38,259 --> 00:02:40,660 you can choose to use the watercolor paints or 70 00:02:40,660 --> 00:02:42,419 you can choose to use the liquid paints, 71 00:02:42,500 --> 00:02:43,289 which do you choose? 72 00:02:45,160 --> 00:02:48,779 Notice that it has to be offered before the 73 00:02:48,779 --> 00:02:52,139 child has already started moving toward a direction. 74 00:02:53,289 --> 00:02:55,289 If they've already grabbed the liquid paints. 75 00:02:56,179 --> 00:02:57,960 It's a little bit harder to work that in. 76 00:02:58,449 --> 00:02:59,919 So it's a very much 77 00:03:00,130 --> 00:03:01,000 on the fly, 78 00:03:01,169 --> 00:03:03,080 unexpected in the moment. 79 00:03:03,490 --> 00:03:03,690 Oh, 80 00:03:03,770 --> 00:03:04,410 that came out. 81 00:03:04,490 --> 00:03:06,320 I can use that as an empowerment choice. 82 00:03:07,009 --> 00:03:11,979 Child says that they want to pool noodle fight you or foam sword fight you, 83 00:03:12,490 --> 00:03:13,039 so they say, 84 00:03:13,050 --> 00:03:14,130 let's have a sword fight. 85 00:03:14,929 --> 00:03:18,389 And there's a pink pool noodle and there's a green pool noodle, 86 00:03:19,279 --> 00:03:22,429 or there's a sword with a yellow handle and there's a sword with a blue handle, 87 00:03:23,000 --> 00:03:24,589 so you're going to immediately say, 88 00:03:24,759 --> 00:03:24,949 oh, 89 00:03:25,039 --> 00:03:26,119 we're gonna sword fight, 90 00:03:26,160 --> 00:03:28,210 you can choose pink or you can choose green, 91 00:03:28,279 --> 00:03:29,229 which do you choose? 92 00:03:29,539 --> 00:03:32,479 Or you can choose yellow handle or you can choose blue handle, 93 00:03:32,520 --> 00:03:33,240 which do you choose? 94 00:03:34,119 --> 00:03:38,589 And notice now that as soon as the child gives you intention, 95 00:03:39,270 --> 00:03:40,910 if there are options. 96 00:03:41,630 --> 00:03:43,619 That's where the empowerment choice gets worked in, 97 00:03:44,039 --> 00:03:46,139 but those are few and far between 98 00:03:46,509 --> 00:03:47,339 because often 99 00:03:47,589 --> 00:03:48,820 the kid walks over, 100 00:03:49,089 --> 00:03:50,190 grabs the swords, 101 00:03:50,509 --> 00:03:51,470 hands you one, 102 00:03:51,630 --> 00:03:52,539 and then says, 103 00:03:52,669 --> 00:03:53,550 let's sword fight. 104 00:03:54,820 --> 00:03:58,690 So the circumstances kind of have to be perfectly orchestrated 105 00:03:59,139 --> 00:04:01,940 for the empowerment choice to be offered in session. 106 00:04:02,750 --> 00:04:03,740 Conversely, 107 00:04:03,830 --> 00:04:04,910 if you can't. 108 00:04:05,699 --> 00:04:09,050 Consistently offer empowerment choices in session, 109 00:04:09,259 --> 00:04:11,139 you're going to do it as part of your process, 110 00:04:11,220 --> 00:04:14,529 which we talked about this earlier on in the Art of the Session series. 111 00:04:14,929 --> 00:04:17,048 Provide choices to your kids 112 00:04:17,459 --> 00:04:20,260 on the way into the session and on the way out of the session. 113 00:04:21,600 --> 00:04:24,049 That is the way that you can guarantee 114 00:04:24,359 --> 00:04:28,640 that your kids are getting opportunities to practice making choices. 115 00:04:29,350 --> 00:04:32,320 And keep in mind it's more to it than just the practice. 116 00:04:32,609 --> 00:04:34,910 It's also owning the outcome. 117 00:04:35,410 --> 00:04:38,100 It's accepting responsibility for the choice that was made. 118 00:04:39,070 --> 00:04:40,519 It's living with 119 00:04:40,880 --> 00:04:41,750 whatever that is, 120 00:04:41,839 --> 00:04:45,040 even if you don't particularly like it or you wish you could change your mind. 121 00:04:45,920 --> 00:04:48,589 There are all kinds of long term 122 00:04:48,920 --> 00:04:49,750 gains 123 00:04:50,040 --> 00:04:51,429 when kids are given choices, 124 00:04:51,440 --> 00:04:55,869 and we know they're not given choices anywhere by anyone at any time. 125 00:04:56,679 --> 00:04:59,940 Their lives are almost completely dictated for them. 126 00:05:01,190 --> 00:05:02,690 By every other adult, 127 00:05:03,230 --> 00:05:06,149 so to consistently give opportunities for them to 128 00:05:06,149 --> 00:05:07,859 feel that they have a measure of control. 129 00:05:08,510 --> 00:05:12,730 They actually have a little bit of power over circumstances in their world. 130 00:05:13,619 --> 00:05:15,720 And then they get all of those gains 131 00:05:16,049 --> 00:05:16,760 because look, 132 00:05:17,369 --> 00:05:19,850 Landreth says this in Cookies, Choices, and Kids, 133 00:05:20,290 --> 00:05:24,529 the moment that that child at 16 gets behind a wheel and 134 00:05:24,529 --> 00:05:27,589 speeds down a neighborhood and runs over a kid on a tricycle, 135 00:05:28,089 --> 00:05:30,040 the moment that kid at 18 136 00:05:30,290 --> 00:05:32,019 puts a pill in their mouth 137 00:05:32,369 --> 00:05:33,959 that forever changes 138 00:05:34,329 --> 00:05:37,170 their chemical and and cognitive function. 139 00:05:37,929 --> 00:05:38,869 The minute 140 00:05:39,040 --> 00:05:39,809 that they 141 00:05:40,119 --> 00:05:40,570 get 142 00:05:40,899 --> 00:05:42,390 talked into doing something 143 00:05:42,600 --> 00:05:46,269 and it ends up being criminal or illegal or whatever 144 00:05:46,540 --> 00:05:48,390 it was at that moment 145 00:05:48,799 --> 00:05:50,190 that they made that choice 146 00:05:50,600 --> 00:05:52,609 that they accepted the outcome 147 00:05:53,239 --> 00:05:56,750 no matter how much they or we or anyone else could change it, 148 00:05:57,239 --> 00:06:00,600 they need to understand the urgency and the immediacy. 149 00:06:01,450 --> 00:06:04,019 Of at the moment that I choose something, 150 00:06:04,450 --> 00:06:06,850 it's at that moment that I choose the outcome. 151 00:06:08,070 --> 00:06:11,100 That takes ownership that takes responsibility, 152 00:06:11,269 --> 00:06:12,859 that takes acceptance 153 00:06:13,429 --> 00:06:15,700 of this is what I chose, 154 00:06:15,869 --> 00:06:17,859 even though I'm not satisfied with it. 155 00:06:18,230 --> 00:06:19,790 Now in certain scenarios, 156 00:06:19,910 --> 00:06:20,920 a child can 157 00:06:21,230 --> 00:06:22,179 change their mind 158 00:06:22,510 --> 00:06:25,190 if they hand me pink and they keep green and 159 00:06:25,190 --> 00:06:27,899 then 2 minutes into the fight they say let's switch. 160 00:06:28,989 --> 00:06:29,350 We say, 161 00:06:29,440 --> 00:06:29,579 oh, 162 00:06:29,670 --> 00:06:30,779 you've changed your mind 163 00:06:30,950 --> 00:06:32,899 and we switched colors of noodles. 164 00:06:33,489 --> 00:06:36,299 But in bigger decisions and in bigger moments, 165 00:06:36,670 --> 00:06:38,829 they need to understand the weight of those choices. 166 00:06:40,209 --> 00:06:42,929 So when we provide the empowerment choices, 167 00:06:43,049 --> 00:06:44,600 it's long reaching, 168 00:06:44,850 --> 00:06:47,399 there's longitudinal benefit for kids. 169 00:06:48,459 --> 00:06:48,649 Now, 170 00:06:48,859 --> 00:06:50,049 returning responsibility, 171 00:06:50,170 --> 00:06:51,369 we're going to talk about 172 00:06:51,579 --> 00:06:53,329 in a later episode in this series. 173 00:06:54,230 --> 00:06:56,179 It has some similar principles, 174 00:06:56,390 --> 00:07:00,059 so just kind of hold the thought on returning responsibility because often 175 00:07:00,309 --> 00:07:01,609 people mistake 176 00:07:01,989 --> 00:07:02,989 saying something like, 177 00:07:03,239 --> 00:07:03,339 well, 178 00:07:03,350 --> 00:07:04,549 in here you can choose. 179 00:07:05,760 --> 00:07:07,010 As choice giving. 180 00:07:07,970 --> 00:07:11,239 That is returning responsibility and that is a little bit different. 181 00:07:11,890 --> 00:07:12,290 So we'll, 182 00:07:12,329 --> 00:07:13,989 we'll hold off on that because we'll, 183 00:07:14,049 --> 00:07:15,089 we'll get there eventually. 184 00:07:16,160 --> 00:07:16,940 And 185 00:07:17,149 --> 00:07:20,140 be mindful too that there are other opportunities 186 00:07:20,549 --> 00:07:24,940 that you can work in an empowerment choice when it's not related to the play. 187 00:07:25,190 --> 00:07:25,470 Again, 188 00:07:25,549 --> 00:07:26,350 a little bit tricky, 189 00:07:26,500 --> 00:07:27,500 a little bit difficult, 190 00:07:27,670 --> 00:07:29,179 but it's not impossible. 191 00:07:29,549 --> 00:07:30,140 So, 192 00:07:31,059 --> 00:07:32,820 If the child says, 193 00:07:33,179 --> 00:07:35,209 I really want to find the construction paper. 194 00:07:36,170 --> 00:07:40,320 Or I really want construction papers so that I can make a book. 195 00:07:41,950 --> 00:07:44,179 That's an opportunity to provide empowerment choice. 196 00:07:44,390 --> 00:07:45,019 Oh, 197 00:07:45,350 --> 00:07:48,820 you are hoping there's construction paper so that you can make a book. 198 00:07:49,230 --> 00:07:52,019 You can choose to look for the construction paper, 199 00:07:52,230 --> 00:07:56,339 or you can choose to make the book out of something other than construction paper. 200 00:07:57,779 --> 00:07:58,160 OK, 201 00:07:58,279 --> 00:08:00,829 notice that that wasn't specifically about 202 00:08:01,000 --> 00:08:02,709 a play-based decision. 203 00:08:03,309 --> 00:08:05,399 We gave them the choice of searching for 204 00:08:05,399 --> 00:08:08,230 it or finding something else that would work. 205 00:08:09,320 --> 00:08:11,989 Same thing when a child's having a difficult time to leave. 206 00:08:12,679 --> 00:08:15,230 They really want to finish something and time is up. 207 00:08:16,399 --> 00:08:19,010 You can choose to work on that next time, 208 00:08:19,410 --> 00:08:21,679 or you can choose to 209 00:08:22,019 --> 00:08:23,769 do something new when you come back. 210 00:08:25,500 --> 00:08:26,049 OK, 211 00:08:26,220 --> 00:08:31,570 so now there's all kinds of moments where a choice is added into the session, 212 00:08:31,859 --> 00:08:33,770 but we have to be really intentional with them. 213 00:08:33,940 --> 00:08:35,250 And then my final thought, 214 00:08:35,900 --> 00:08:39,169 it is really important that we use the word choose 3 times. 215 00:08:40,099 --> 00:08:42,820 You can choose A or you can choose B. 216 00:08:42,989 --> 00:08:43,979 Which do you choose? 217 00:08:45,320 --> 00:08:46,760 If we don't say choose, 218 00:08:46,840 --> 00:08:48,030 it's not a choice. 219 00:08:48,280 --> 00:08:50,150 If we don't say choose 3 times, 220 00:08:50,400 --> 00:08:52,789 it doesn't land with the same punch, 221 00:08:53,280 --> 00:08:55,270 and we certainly don't want to change the word. 222 00:08:56,109 --> 00:08:57,669 So we don't want to say, 223 00:08:58,119 --> 00:08:58,929 do you want? 224 00:08:59,679 --> 00:09:00,989 You can have, 225 00:09:01,210 --> 00:09:02,299 you can pick. 226 00:09:03,039 --> 00:09:04,090 Tell me which. 227 00:09:04,960 --> 00:09:06,390 Any other phrase, 228 00:09:06,760 --> 00:09:07,989 it's no longer a choice. 229 00:09:08,849 --> 00:09:11,789 And it's choice giving intentionally. 230 00:09:12,080 --> 00:09:13,590 It is meant to be a choice. 231 00:09:13,799 --> 00:09:14,710 So the second that we, 232 00:09:14,719 --> 00:09:15,869 we, 233 00:09:15,880 --> 00:09:16,909 we reword that, 234 00:09:16,960 --> 00:09:17,320 oh my gosh, 235 00:09:17,440 --> 00:09:18,750 say that fast 4 times, 236 00:09:19,159 --> 00:09:21,309 the second that we reword that, 237 00:09:21,679 --> 00:09:22,469 it is 238 00:09:22,719 --> 00:09:23,510 very clear, 239 00:09:23,520 --> 00:09:24,909 it is no longer a choice. 240 00:09:25,580 --> 00:09:26,890 What a child wants? 241 00:09:27,549 --> 00:09:29,739 What a child tells you, 242 00:09:29,869 --> 00:09:31,340 what a child thinks about, 243 00:09:31,789 --> 00:09:32,820 that's not a choice. 244 00:09:33,729 --> 00:09:35,500 So be very clear, 245 00:09:35,710 --> 00:09:36,840 you can choose A, 246 00:09:36,950 --> 00:09:38,099 you can choose B, 247 00:09:38,270 --> 00:09:39,380 which do you choose? 248 00:09:39,549 --> 00:09:41,380 You do say choose all three times, 249 00:09:41,489 --> 00:09:42,900 and this is what also happens. 250 00:09:43,150 --> 00:09:44,140 Therapists will say, 251 00:09:44,469 --> 00:09:48,510 you can choose to use sanitizer or wash your hands. 252 00:09:50,400 --> 00:09:50,479 Well, 253 00:09:50,520 --> 00:09:51,869 you only said shoes once. 254 00:09:52,919 --> 00:09:54,789 So it was in fact a choice, 255 00:09:54,919 --> 00:09:57,039 but we've lost the adherent wording. 256 00:09:57,840 --> 00:10:01,789 So you can choose to use sanitizer or you can choose to wash your hands, 257 00:10:01,799 --> 00:10:02,830 which do you choose? 258 00:10:03,869 --> 00:10:05,780 Now it's very clear 259 00:10:06,030 --> 00:10:08,799 that it's a choice and it's adherent language wise. 260 00:10:09,859 --> 00:10:10,469 All right y'all, 261 00:10:10,700 --> 00:10:11,169 so 262 00:10:11,739 --> 00:10:13,780 we're going to continue with the pillars. 263 00:10:13,900 --> 00:10:15,460 We're 2 of 4 in, 264 00:10:15,580 --> 00:10:16,969 so halfway done with those, 265 00:10:17,460 --> 00:10:18,010 and 266 00:10:18,219 --> 00:10:20,979 I'm very encouraged by the feedback from the series, 267 00:10:21,059 --> 00:10:22,070 so I appreciate y'all. 268 00:10:22,219 --> 00:10:23,020 If you want to reach out, 269 00:10:23,140 --> 00:10:25,650 please do brenna@thekidcounselor.com. 270 00:10:25,979 --> 00:10:28,419 If you have a CCPT story. 271 00:10:29,719 --> 00:10:30,950 Your journey, 272 00:10:31,359 --> 00:10:32,900 what's going on with you, 273 00:10:33,000 --> 00:10:36,869 where you are in your career related to this model, 274 00:10:37,159 --> 00:10:40,190 if you would like to share what's going on 275 00:10:40,650 --> 00:10:41,190 about 276 00:10:41,760 --> 00:10:43,190 your discovery of it, 277 00:10:43,239 --> 00:10:44,030 your work, 278 00:10:44,239 --> 00:10:45,229 your clients, 279 00:10:45,280 --> 00:10:46,270 whatever's going on, 280 00:10:46,320 --> 00:10:47,799 I would love to hear your stories. 281 00:10:48,119 --> 00:10:51,309 That's one of my favorite things is just knowing how 282 00:10:51,309 --> 00:10:55,020 CCPT is influencing us and impacting kids in the world. 283 00:10:55,309 --> 00:10:56,409 So please shoot me an email. 284 00:10:56,469 --> 00:10:59,809 I would love to hear from you and I do in fact read every email. 285 00:10:59,869 --> 00:11:01,070 I want you all to know that. 286 00:11:01,390 --> 00:11:06,099 I think the misconception is that I have vetters or filters or something. 287 00:11:06,729 --> 00:11:09,979 I promise you I read every single one and I will respond to you. 288 00:11:10,109 --> 00:11:13,059 So please shoot me an email brenna@thekidcounselor.com. 289 00:11:13,270 --> 00:11:13,630 Love y'all. 290 00:11:13,669 --> 00:11:14,530 We'll talk again soon. 291 00:11:14,710 --> 00:11:14,909 Bye. 292 00:11:16,039 --> 00:11:18,799 Thank you for listening to the Play Therapy Podcast with Dr. 293 00:11:18,960 --> 00:11:19,909 Brenna Hicks. 294 00:11:20,080 --> 00:11:22,070 For more episodes and resources, 295 00:11:22,159 --> 00:11:26,919 please go to www.playtherapypodcast.com.