How Ancient Stargazers Created Our First Calendar | Boring History

1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,900
Before clocks. 
Before calendars or walls even 

2
00:00:03,900 --> 00:00:06,200
before numbers meant the same 
thing everywhere. 

3
00:00:06,200 --> 00:00:10,000
I tired friends, there were 
people just looking up night 

4
00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:13,200
after night, noticing patterns, 
no one had written down yet. 

5
00:00:14,200 --> 00:00:16,500
I'm glad you're here to slow 
down with that kind of thinking 

6
00:00:16,500 --> 00:00:21,400
tonight, this is a curated sleep
experience carefully researched 

7
00:00:21,400 --> 00:00:24,800
and gently shaped to be as 
accurate as possible while still

8
00:00:24,808 --> 00:00:28,700
helping you unwind. 
With the Quiet settling in 

9
00:00:28,700 --> 00:00:31,300
around us. 
We're easing into how ancient 

10
00:00:31,300 --> 00:00:35,200
stargazers created, our first 
calendars, not in a single 

11
00:00:35,200 --> 00:00:39,500
moment, but through patience 
repetition and a long 

12
00:00:39,508 --> 00:00:41,400
conversation with the sky 
itself. 

13
00:00:43,000 --> 00:00:46,000
This calm slightly. 
Boring reflection helps you 

14
00:00:46,000 --> 00:00:48,300
unwind? 
Feel free to follow. 

15
00:00:48,300 --> 00:00:52,200
Drop a like and tell me where 
you're listening from and what 

16
00:00:52,200 --> 00:00:55,500
time it is for you. 
Now, let your shoulders drop 

17
00:00:55,500 --> 00:00:57,700
rest a little deeper into the 
pillow. 

18
00:00:57,700 --> 00:01:02,700
Let your breathing find a slow 
easy Rhythm as we drift into the

19
00:01:02,700 --> 00:01:08,700
story. 
Tonight, you will Journey back 

20
00:01:08,700 --> 00:01:12,400
to a time when humans first 
looked up at the night sky and 

21
00:01:12,400 --> 00:01:14,100
wondered. 
If Those Distant Points of 

22
00:01:14,108 --> 00:01:17,600
Light, could tell them, when to 
plant their crops, Before 

23
00:01:17,600 --> 00:01:21,500
smartphones and wall calendars 
before printed almanacs, and 

24
00:01:21,500 --> 00:01:24,900
mechanical, clocks people relied
entirely on the Heavens to Mark 

25
00:01:24,900 --> 00:01:28,000
the passing seasons. 
What began as simple 

26
00:01:28,000 --> 00:01:29,800
observations of Sunrise and 
moonrise. 

27
00:01:29,800 --> 00:01:33,300
Eventually transformed into 
sophisticated astronomical 

28
00:01:33,300 --> 00:01:36,700
systems that still influence, 
how we measure time today? 

29
00:01:37,800 --> 00:01:42,200
The year is around 15,000 years 
before the Common Era, I still 

30
00:01:42,200 --> 00:01:43,600
covers much of the northern 
World. 

31
00:01:43,600 --> 00:01:46,000
Your people have no written 
language. 

32
00:01:46,000 --> 00:01:48,900
They have no cities. 
They do not even have 

33
00:01:48,900 --> 00:01:52,000
agriculture yet, but they have 
noticed something interesting 

34
00:01:52,000 --> 00:01:56,100
about the sky every morning. 
The sun rises from roughly the 

35
00:01:56,100 --> 00:01:59,700
same direction every evening, it
sets on the opposite Horizon 

36
00:01:59,700 --> 00:02:03,000
during the warm months, it 
climbs higher in the sky and 

37
00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:06,200
stays visible longer. 
During the cold months, it 

38
00:02:06,200 --> 00:02:08,600
barely makes it above the 
Horizon before disappearing 

39
00:02:08,600 --> 00:02:11,400
again. 
This pattern repeats itself with

40
00:02:11,400 --> 00:02:15,100
reliable consistently, you 
cannot read or write, but you 

41
00:02:15,100 --> 00:02:17,700
can count. 
You can observe, you can 

42
00:02:17,700 --> 00:02:20,800
remember the oldest evidence of 
astronomical. 

43
00:02:20,800 --> 00:02:24,600
Observation comes from bones, in
the dodon region of France, 

44
00:02:24,600 --> 00:02:28,000
archaeologists discovered, a 
piece of Eagle bone covered, in 

45
00:02:28,000 --> 00:02:33,300
tiny carved marks, The bone 
dates back roughly 32,000 years 

46
00:02:33,300 --> 00:02:37,000
at first researchers thought 
these marks were decorative. 

47
00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:42,100
Then someone counted them there 
were exactly 29 marks arranged 

48
00:02:42,100 --> 00:02:45,400
in a specific pattern. 29 is not
a random number. 

49
00:02:45,400 --> 00:02:48,400
It represents the number of days
in a lunar month. 

50
00:02:49,100 --> 00:02:51,600
The moon goes through its 
complete cycle of phases in 

51
00:02:51,600 --> 00:02:53,500
approximately, 29 and a half 
days. 

52
00:02:54,500 --> 00:02:57,800
Someone carved, these marks, 
deliberately they were tracking 

53
00:02:57,800 --> 00:03:01,800
something. 
This bone is not unique, similar

54
00:03:01,800 --> 00:03:04,900
marked bones and antlers have 
been found across Europe and 

55
00:03:04,900 --> 00:03:07,600
Asia. 
Some display groups of marks 

56
00:03:07,600 --> 00:03:11,500
that correspond to lunar cycles.
Others show patterns that might 

57
00:03:11,500 --> 00:03:14,900
represent seasonal changes. 
The people who made these marks 

58
00:03:14,900 --> 00:03:18,300
had no telescope's. 
They had no mathematics as we 

59
00:03:18,300 --> 00:03:21,500
understand it. 
They simply watch the sky night 

60
00:03:21,500 --> 00:03:23,300
after night and recorded what 
they saw. 

61
00:03:23,300 --> 00:03:27,400
You might wonder why anyone 
would bother the answer involves

62
00:03:27,400 --> 00:03:30,800
of survival, if you live in a 
world without Supermarket or 

63
00:03:30,800 --> 00:03:34,400
refrigerators, knowing when food
will appear become critically 

64
00:03:34,400 --> 00:03:38,600
important, Certain plants 
produce edible roots in Spring. 

65
00:03:39,600 --> 00:03:42,600
Specific animals migrate through
your territory during particular

66
00:03:42,600 --> 00:03:45,100
months. 
Fish spawn in rivers. 

67
00:03:45,100 --> 00:03:49,100
At predictable times, getting 
these timings wrong means going 

68
00:03:49,100 --> 00:03:50,900
hungry. 
Getting them right. 

69
00:03:50,900 --> 00:03:54,500
Means your family, eats the sky 
offered Clues. 

70
00:03:54,500 --> 00:03:56,800
When certain Stars appeared on 
the horizon. 

71
00:03:56,800 --> 00:04:00,500
At dawn spring was approaching. 
When the moon reached a 

72
00:04:00,500 --> 00:04:03,100
particular phase, the salmon 
would start running Upstream 

73
00:04:03,900 --> 00:04:06,800
When the sun set at a specific 
point between two distant 

74
00:04:06,800 --> 00:04:09,400
mountains, winter was coming and
you needed to prepare. 

75
00:04:10,400 --> 00:04:13,100
These early observers had no 
idea they were doing astronomy. 

76
00:04:13,100 --> 00:04:15,400
They were simply trying not to 
starve. 

77
00:04:15,400 --> 00:04:17,899
The moon, seems like it would 
make a perfect calendar. 

78
00:04:17,899 --> 00:04:22,300
It changes in obvious ways that 
anyone can see new moon becomes 

79
00:04:22,300 --> 00:04:25,400
Crescent becomes Half Moon, 
becomes full moon becomes Half 

80
00:04:25,400 --> 00:04:28,200
Moon again, the cycle is clear 
and regular. 

81
00:04:29,100 --> 00:04:32,600
Many early cultures base their 
calendars entirely on lunar 

82
00:04:32,600 --> 00:04:37,500
months, then they ran into a 
problem. 12 lunar months up to 

83
00:04:37,500 --> 00:04:42,800
approximately 34 days. 
But the solar year the time it 

84
00:04:42,800 --> 00:04:47,800
takes earth to orbit the sun 
once last approximately 365 and 

85
00:04:47,800 --> 00:04:50,900
a quarter days. 
This means a purely lunar 

86
00:04:50,900 --> 00:04:55,100
calendar, full short by roughly 
11 days, every year This might 

87
00:04:55,100 --> 00:04:57,700
not seem like much, but those 
are 11 days. 

88
00:04:57,700 --> 00:05:02,000
Accumulate after three years, 
your lunar calendar is off by an

89
00:05:02,000 --> 00:05:05,100
entire month after 10 years. 
It is out of sync with the 

90
00:05:05,108 --> 00:05:09,900
seasons by nearly four months. 
If you plant your crops based on

91
00:05:09,900 --> 00:05:12,700
the lunar calendar, you will 
eventually find yourself 

92
00:05:12,700 --> 00:05:15,900
planting wheat in Autumn when 
you should be harvesting it. 

93
00:05:16,700 --> 00:05:19,600
Ancient cultures, discovered 
this discrepancy, the hard way, 

94
00:05:19,608 --> 00:05:23,600
they would carefully track the 
moon, create a calendar based on

95
00:05:23,600 --> 00:05:27,100
those observations and then 
watching confusion as their 

96
00:05:27,100 --> 00:05:28,900
calendar. 
Slowly drifted away from 

97
00:05:28,900 --> 00:05:31,900
reality. 
The moon said it was planting 

98
00:05:31,900 --> 00:05:34,100
season, but the weather remained
cold. 

99
00:05:35,000 --> 00:05:38,200
The moon indicated summer but 
leaves were falling from the 

100
00:05:38,200 --> 00:05:40,400
trees. 
Something else had to be 

101
00:05:40,400 --> 00:05:43,600
incorporated into the system. 
They needed to track both the 

102
00:05:43,600 --> 00:05:47,000
moon and the sun simultaneously.
This turned out to be 

103
00:05:47,000 --> 00:05:49,400
considerably more complicated 
than it sounds. 

104
00:05:49,400 --> 00:05:53,500
The Babylonians eventually solve
this problem by adding extra 

105
00:05:53,500 --> 00:05:56,000
months. 
When they're lunar calendar 

106
00:05:56,000 --> 00:06:00,000
drifted too far from the solely 
year, they simply inserted an 

107
00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:03,000
additional month to bring 
everything back into alignment. 

108
00:06:04,200 --> 00:06:07,600
This system required. 
Careful observation and record, 

109
00:06:07,600 --> 00:06:11,700
keeping Someone had to track 
both calendars and determine 

110
00:06:11,700 --> 00:06:14,200
when they had diverged enough to
require correction. 

111
00:06:15,100 --> 00:06:17,400
The solution worked but felt 
inelegant. 

112
00:06:17,400 --> 00:06:21,300
Adding random months whenever 
things got out of sync seemed 

113
00:06:21,300 --> 00:06:24,400
like admitting defeat Surely 
there was a better way. 

114
00:06:25,400 --> 00:06:28,100
Different cultures approach this
puzzle from different angles, 

115
00:06:28,100 --> 00:06:33,400
some emphasized, lunar months, 
others Focus primarily on solar 

116
00:06:33,400 --> 00:06:36,400
years. 
Few, ambitious societies, tried 

117
00:06:36,400 --> 00:06:38,600
to create systems that perfectly
balanced. 

118
00:06:38,600 --> 00:06:41,100
Both of them. 
Founded easy. 

119
00:06:41,900 --> 00:06:44,900
Around 5,000 years ago. 
People in various parts of the 

120
00:06:44,908 --> 00:06:47,700
world started building permanent
structures aligned with 

121
00:06:47,700 --> 00:06:50,800
celestial events. 
These were not observatories in 

122
00:06:50,808 --> 00:06:53,400
the modern sense. 
They were more like gigantic 

123
00:06:53,400 --> 00:06:56,400
three-dimensional calendars 
carved into the landscape 

124
00:06:56,400 --> 00:06:59,000
itself. 
The most famous of these 

125
00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:02,600
structures sits on Salisbury 
Plain in Southern England, you 

126
00:07:02,600 --> 00:07:04,400
have probably heard of 
Stonehenge. 

127
00:07:04,400 --> 00:07:07,500
You might pick picture as a 
mysterious ring of massive 

128
00:07:07,500 --> 00:07:10,200
Stones standing in a field. 
You're correct. 

129
00:07:10,200 --> 00:07:13,500
But that description, barely 
captures what the monument 

130
00:07:13,500 --> 00:07:17,100
actually does. 
Stonehenge was built in stages. 

131
00:07:17,100 --> 00:07:21,700
Over roughly 1500 years, the 
earliest version consisted of a 

132
00:07:21,700 --> 00:07:23,900
circular earthwork ditch and 
Bank. 

133
00:07:24,600 --> 00:07:27,500
Over subsequent centuries 
Builders added Timber posts 

134
00:07:27,500 --> 00:07:31,100
Stone monoliths and elaborate 
Arrangements of massive. 

135
00:07:31,100 --> 00:07:34,700
Sarsen Stones transported from 
quarries, nearly 20 miles away. 

136
00:07:35,700 --> 00:07:39,900
the largest Stones weigh about 
25 tons, each moving them 

137
00:07:39,900 --> 00:07:43,300
without wheels without metal 
tools and without Modern 

138
00:07:43,300 --> 00:07:46,300
Machinery represented an 
extraordinary feat of 

139
00:07:46,300 --> 00:07:50,700
engineering But why go to all 
that trouble if you stand in the

140
00:07:50,700 --> 00:07:53,100
center of Stonehenge on the 
morning of the summer solstice, 

141
00:07:53,100 --> 00:07:58,600
something remarkable happens. 
The sun rises directly over a 

142
00:07:58,600 --> 00:08:01,700
stone called the heel stone, 
which sits outside the main 

143
00:08:01,700 --> 00:08:05,400
circle from your Vantage Point. 
The Sun appears to balance 

144
00:08:05,400 --> 00:08:09,100
perfectly on top of this marker.
This alignment is not 

145
00:08:09,100 --> 00:08:12,100
coincidence. 
Dental, the entire structure was

146
00:08:12,100 --> 00:08:16,300
designed to capture this moment.
The summer, solstice represents 

147
00:08:16,300 --> 00:08:20,100
the longest day of the year. 
After this date days, gradually 

148
00:08:20,100 --> 00:08:23,600
grow shorter and the winter 
solstice, when the process 

149
00:08:23,600 --> 00:08:26,800
reverses. 
For Agricultural Society is 

150
00:08:26,800 --> 00:08:30,800
knowing the exact date of the 
solstice, provided crucial 

151
00:08:30,800 --> 00:08:33,600
information. 
It told them where they were in 

152
00:08:33,600 --> 00:08:37,700
the annual cycle, it helped them
plan planting and harvesting it 

153
00:08:37,700 --> 00:08:39,400
marked, the turning points of 
the year. 

154
00:08:40,299 --> 00:08:41,700
Stonehenge. 
Also tracks. 

155
00:08:41,700 --> 00:08:44,700
The winter solstice though, this
alignment is less famous. 

156
00:08:45,900 --> 00:08:49,600
On the shortest day of the year,
the sun sets between two of the 

157
00:08:49,600 --> 00:08:53,700
largest trilithons, the paired 
vertical Stones topped with 

158
00:08:53,700 --> 00:08:57,300
horizontal lintels. 
Standing inside the circle on 

159
00:08:57,300 --> 00:09:00,000
this evening. 
You would watch the sun descend,

160
00:09:00,000 --> 00:09:02,100
precisely through this Stone 
Gateway. 

161
00:09:02,800 --> 00:09:05,700
Other Stone circles and 
Earthworks dot the British and 

162
00:09:05,700 --> 00:09:08,700
Irish landscape. 
New grains in Ireland features, 

163
00:09:08,700 --> 00:09:14,700
a passage to build around 3,200 
BCE Once a year on the morning 

164
00:09:14,700 --> 00:09:17,400
of the winter solstice, sunlight
streams through a specially 

165
00:09:17,400 --> 00:09:19,100
designed opening of the 
entrance. 

166
00:09:20,000 --> 00:09:23,200
This beam of light, travels down
the 6ft, passage and 

167
00:09:23,200 --> 00:09:26,600
illuminates, the central 
chamber, for exactly seven 

168
00:09:26,600 --> 00:09:30,200
minutes, the otherwise, dark 
interior fills with gold and 

169
00:09:30,200 --> 00:09:34,700
light, then the sun moves, and 
the Chamber returns to Darkness 

170
00:09:34,700 --> 00:09:37,700
for another year. 
The structures required. 

171
00:09:37,700 --> 00:09:41,000
Immense communal effort. 
Organizing the labor, 

172
00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:44,400
transporting materials and 
maintaining construction over 

173
00:09:44,400 --> 00:09:48,600
decades or centuries. 
Demanded sophisticated social 

174
00:09:48,600 --> 00:09:51,900
organization. 
People do not invest that much 

175
00:09:51,900 --> 00:09:54,900
Collective energy into projects.
Unless those projects server 

176
00:09:54,900 --> 00:09:58,600
Central purposes, The Monuments 
were Not Mere art or religious 

177
00:09:58,600 --> 00:10:01,200
symbolism. 
Though they were probably those 

178
00:10:01,200 --> 00:10:04,000
things too. 
They were functional tools for 

179
00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:07,200
tracking time. 
Across the Atlantic Ocean other 

180
00:10:07,200 --> 00:10:10,200
cultures built their own 
astronomical monuments, using 

181
00:10:10,200 --> 00:10:12,600
completely different 
architectural styles. 

182
00:10:13,400 --> 00:10:17,200
In the southwestern United 
States, the ancestral Pueblo 

183
00:10:17,200 --> 00:10:20,400
people carved, spiral 
petroglyphs into Cliff faces. 

184
00:10:21,300 --> 00:10:25,500
At Chaco Canyon in New Mexico. 
One such spiral sits behind 

185
00:10:25,500 --> 00:10:27,900
three. 
Stone slabs, positioned to cast 

186
00:10:27,900 --> 00:10:31,800
Shadows on the summer. 
Solstice a dagger of sunlight 

187
00:10:31,800 --> 00:10:35,800
appears vertically through the 
spiral Center On the winter. 

188
00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:39,000
Solstice 2 daggers of light 
frame, the spiral on either 

189
00:10:39,000 --> 00:10:42,600
side. 
During the equinoxes when day 

190
00:10:42,600 --> 00:10:46,400
and night at = 1 dagger Cuts 
precisely through the spiral 

191
00:10:46,400 --> 00:10:51,600
Center while another illuminates
a smaller spiral nearby. the sun

192
00:10:51,600 --> 00:10:54,600
daggers demonstrated that people
on opposite side of the planet, 

193
00:10:54,600 --> 00:10:58,600
with no contact between them 
independently, recognized the 

194
00:10:58,600 --> 00:11:03,200
importance of tracking solar 
Cycles, The specific methods 

195
00:11:03,200 --> 00:11:06,900
varied, but the underlying 
motivation remained constant, 

196
00:11:06,900 --> 00:11:09,600
everyone needed to know what 
time of year. 

197
00:11:09,600 --> 00:11:14,100
It was around 4,000 years ago. 
In the region between the Tigris

198
00:11:14,100 --> 00:11:17,600
and Euphrates, rivers, 
Babylonian astronomers began, 

199
00:11:17,600 --> 00:11:20,500
creating written records of 
celestial observations. 

200
00:11:21,300 --> 00:11:25,300
These were not casual notes, 
they were systematic detailed 

201
00:11:25,300 --> 00:11:27,500
and maintained continuously for 
centuries. 

202
00:11:27,500 --> 00:11:31,500
Babylonian scribes tracked, 
everything visible in the night 

203
00:11:31,500 --> 00:11:35,600
sky, they recorded the positions
of planets against background 

204
00:11:35,600 --> 00:11:38,500
Stars. 
They documented lunar eclipses 

205
00:11:38,500 --> 00:11:41,100
with precise descriptions of 
timing and appearance. 

206
00:11:42,200 --> 00:11:45,700
They noted, which constellations
Rose and set a particular times 

207
00:11:45,700 --> 00:11:48,100
of year. 
They measured the movements of 

208
00:11:48,100 --> 00:11:52,400
Venus Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn 
with impressive accuracy. 

209
00:11:53,500 --> 00:11:56,100
Most importantly, they wrote all
these information down. 

210
00:11:56,100 --> 00:11:59,800
They used cuneiform script 
pressed into clay tablets. 

211
00:11:59,800 --> 00:12:03,300
These tablets were then baked 
hard, which made them 

212
00:12:03,300 --> 00:12:07,200
essentially indestructible. 
Thousands of these astronomical 

213
00:12:07,200 --> 00:12:11,000
tablets survived today in museum
collections, We can read their 

214
00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:14,200
observations and Marvel at the 
patience required to maintain 

215
00:12:14,200 --> 00:12:17,400
such records generation after 
generation. 

216
00:12:18,700 --> 00:12:21,600
One particular set of tablets 
called the enuma Anu. 

217
00:12:21,600 --> 00:12:25,000
Enlil represents one of 
Humanity's first attempts at 

218
00:12:25,000 --> 00:12:28,700
predictive astronomy. 
This series contains roughly 70 

219
00:12:28,700 --> 00:12:31,500
tablets covering Omens 
associated with celestial 

220
00:12:31,500 --> 00:12:35,000
events. if the moon appeared 
read at Rising certain 

221
00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:38,800
consequences would follow if 
Venus appeared in a specific 

222
00:12:38,800 --> 00:12:42,700
position, relative to certain 
Stars, other outcomes could be 

223
00:12:42,700 --> 00:12:47,000
expected Modern scientists, 
sometimes dismiss these Omen 

224
00:12:47,000 --> 00:12:50,000
texts as superstition. 
But embedded within the 

225
00:12:50,000 --> 00:12:53,500
supposedly mystical predictions.
A genuine, astronomical 

226
00:12:53,500 --> 00:12:57,600
observations and calculations. 
The Babylonians could predict 

227
00:12:57,600 --> 00:12:59,900
lunar eclipse is decades in 
advance. 

228
00:13:00,900 --> 00:13:03,900
They calculated the length of 
the solar year to within minutes

229
00:13:03,900 --> 00:13:07,100
of the correct value. 
They identified the repeating 

230
00:13:07,100 --> 00:13:11,200
patterns of planetary motion. 
The calendar system became the 

231
00:13:11,200 --> 00:13:14,900
foundation for many later 
calendars, including the one of 

232
00:13:14,900 --> 00:13:17,600
eventually adopted by the 
Hebrews and early Christians. 

233
00:13:18,700 --> 00:13:23,000
The Babylonian calendar was Luna
consisting of 12 months, that 

234
00:13:23,000 --> 00:13:27,800
alternated between 29 and 30 
days. to keep this lunar 

235
00:13:27,800 --> 00:13:30,900
calendar synchronized with the 
solar year, they added an extra 

236
00:13:30,900 --> 00:13:35,900
month, seven times every 19 
years This 19 year cycle called 

237
00:13:35,900 --> 00:13:39,800
the metallic Cycle Works, 
because 19, so years, almost 

238
00:13:39,800 --> 00:13:43,000
exactly equal to 235 lunar 
months. 

239
00:13:43,600 --> 00:13:46,900
The match is not perfect but it 
is close enough that the 

240
00:13:46,900 --> 00:13:50,400
calendar stays reasonably 
aligned with the seasons, the 

241
00:13:50,400 --> 00:13:54,100
pattern repeats reliably, which 
made it useful for long-term 

242
00:13:54,100 --> 00:13:57,000
planning. 
You might recognize elements of 

243
00:13:57,000 --> 00:14:00,000
this system, the Jewish calendar
still uses it today. 

244
00:14:01,100 --> 00:14:03,600
The dates of Easter in the 
Christian calendar are 

245
00:14:03,600 --> 00:14:06,400
calculated using a modified 
version of this same cycle. 

246
00:14:06,400 --> 00:14:10,700
The Islamic calendar by contrast
uses a purely lunar system 

247
00:14:10,700 --> 00:14:14,400
without any solar Corrections, 
which is why Islamic holidays 

248
00:14:14,400 --> 00:14:16,100
drift through the seasons over 
time. 

249
00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:19,700
Babylonian astronomers. 
Also divided the sky into 

250
00:14:19,700 --> 00:14:23,300
sections, the identified, 12 
constellations arranged along 

251
00:14:23,300 --> 00:14:27,000
the ecliptic, the apparent path 
of the sun through the heavens. 

252
00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:30,800
These became the Zodiac. 
Each constellation corresponded 

253
00:14:30,800 --> 00:14:32,300
to roughly one month of the 
year. 

254
00:14:32,300 --> 00:14:34,500
When the sun appeared to pass 
through. 

255
00:14:34,500 --> 00:14:38,400
Aries spring was beginning when 
it moved into cancer, summer had

256
00:14:38,400 --> 00:14:41,100
arrived. 
These constellation names and 

257
00:14:41,100 --> 00:14:44,100
their associations with specific
months spread throughout the 

258
00:14:44,100 --> 00:14:48,100
ancient world. 
Greeks, Romans Persians, and 

259
00:14:48,100 --> 00:14:51,100
Indians. 
All adopted modified versions of

260
00:14:51,100 --> 00:14:53,800
this system. 
The influence of Babylonian 

261
00:14:53,800 --> 00:14:56,500
astronomy reached across 
continents and persisted for 

262
00:14:56,500 --> 00:15:00,300
thousands of years. 
Egyptian civilization developed 

263
00:15:00,300 --> 00:15:03,800
along the Nile River and the 
Nile dictated everything about 

264
00:15:03,800 --> 00:15:07,500
Egyptian life every year the 
River flooded. 

265
00:15:07,500 --> 00:15:11,300
These floods deposited 
nutrient-rich silt to cross the 

266
00:15:11,300 --> 00:15:14,700
flood plain creating 
extraordinarily fertile, 

267
00:15:14,700 --> 00:15:18,300
agricultural land. 
Farmers planted crops in this 

268
00:15:18,300 --> 00:15:22,500
fresh soil and harvested 
abundant yields without the 

269
00:15:22,500 --> 00:15:24,500
annual. 
Flood Egypt would have been 

270
00:15:24,500 --> 00:15:29,500
nothing but desert, the timing 
of the flooded in enormously If 

271
00:15:29,508 --> 00:15:33,000
you planted two early, the water
would wash away your seeds, if 

272
00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:35,800
you planted too late, you missed
the optimal growing window. 

273
00:15:36,700 --> 00:15:39,200
Egyptian Farmers needed to 
predict when the flood would 

274
00:15:39,200 --> 00:15:41,500
arrive. 
They discovered that a 

275
00:15:41,500 --> 00:15:44,900
particular star provided 
reliable advance, notice, we 

276
00:15:44,900 --> 00:15:48,700
call this star serious, but the 
Egyptians called it, stop debt. 

277
00:15:49,500 --> 00:15:52,700
The Greeks called it, the dog 
star, because it forms part of 

278
00:15:52,708 --> 00:15:55,300
the constellation Canis Major, 
the great dog. 

279
00:15:56,200 --> 00:15:58,600
For several weeks. 
Each year, serious disappears 

280
00:15:58,600 --> 00:16:01,300
from the night. 
Sky, it rises too. 

281
00:16:01,300 --> 00:16:04,800
Close to the Sun to be visible. 
Then on one morning each year, 

282
00:16:04,800 --> 00:16:07,900
it reappears briefly on the 
Eastern Horizon Just Before 

283
00:16:07,900 --> 00:16:11,300
Sunrise. 
This moment called the heliacal 

284
00:16:11,300 --> 00:16:15,400
rising of Sirius. 
Mark the Egyptian New Year the 

285
00:16:15,400 --> 00:16:17,700
heliacal rising of Sirius 
occurred shortly. 

286
00:16:17,700 --> 00:16:22,100
Before the Nile began to flood, 
this was not coincidence, it was

287
00:16:22,100 --> 00:16:25,800
a Dependable correlation. 
When serious appeared at dawn, 

288
00:16:25,800 --> 00:16:28,600
Farmers knew the flood was 
coming, they prepared their 

289
00:16:28,600 --> 00:16:30,500
fields. 
They repaired irrigation 

290
00:16:30,500 --> 00:16:33,100
channels, they made ready for 
the growing season. 

291
00:16:34,100 --> 00:16:38,500
The Egyptian calendar had 12 
months of 30 days each plus five

292
00:16:38,500 --> 00:16:43,500
extra days at the end of the 
year this created a 3605 day 

293
00:16:43,500 --> 00:16:48,900
year but the actual solely year 
lasted approximately 365 and a 

294
00:16:48,900 --> 00:16:52,700
quarter days, the Egyptians knew
about that extra quarter day, 

295
00:16:52,700 --> 00:16:55,700
they chose not to include it in 
their civil calendar. 

296
00:16:56,500 --> 00:16:59,800
This decision seems odd and to 
the consider the Alternatives 

297
00:16:59,800 --> 00:17:03,900
adding an extra day, every four 
years, the leap year system we 

298
00:17:03,900 --> 00:17:07,700
use now was complicated for a 
society without extensive 

299
00:17:07,700 --> 00:17:10,900
written bureaucracy. 
It meant some years would have 

300
00:17:10,900 --> 00:17:14,000
different lengths than others. 
The Egyptian solution was 

301
00:17:14,000 --> 00:17:18,900
simpler, let the calendar slowly
drift eventually, it would cycle

302
00:17:18,900 --> 00:17:22,099
back to alignment. 
The Egyptian civil calendar 

303
00:17:22,099 --> 00:17:26,599
drifted forward by one day. 
Every four years after 1400 and 

304
00:17:26,599 --> 00:17:29,600
60 years. 
It would complete a full cycle 

305
00:17:29,600 --> 00:17:33,400
and realign with the seasons. 
This period became known as the 

306
00:17:33,400 --> 00:17:36,000
suffix cycle named after 
serious. 

307
00:17:36,700 --> 00:17:40,100
Egyptian astronomers understood 
this cycle and could calculate 

308
00:17:40,100 --> 00:17:42,700
where their civil calendar, 
stood relative to the Natural 

309
00:17:42,700 --> 00:17:46,700
year at any given time. 
Egyptian temples oriented 

310
00:17:46,700 --> 00:17:49,500
themselves according to 
astronomical alignments. 

311
00:17:50,700 --> 00:17:54,100
The Temple of Khan at Luxor, 
aligned with the winter solstice

312
00:17:54,100 --> 00:17:58,100
Sunrise, the small Temple of Abu
simbel in southern Egypt, was 

313
00:17:58,100 --> 00:18:01,200
positioned. 
So that twice each year on what 

314
00:18:01,200 --> 00:18:03,800
a believed to be the pharaoh's 
birthday and coronation day. 

315
00:18:04,600 --> 00:18:06,800
Sunlight. 
Penetrates the entire length of 

316
00:18:06,800 --> 00:18:10,600
the temple and illuminates 
statues of gods at the far end. 

317
00:18:11,400 --> 00:18:14,500
These alignments required 
sophisticated mathematical and 

318
00:18:14,500 --> 00:18:17,900
astronomical knowledge. 
The Architects had to calculate 

319
00:18:17,900 --> 00:18:20,400
the sun's position at specific 
dates. 

320
00:18:21,200 --> 00:18:24,000
They had to account for the slow
precession of Earth's axis, 

321
00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:27,500
which causes the position of 
Sunrise to shift slightly over 

322
00:18:27,500 --> 00:18:30,700
centuries. 
They accomplished all this 

323
00:18:30,700 --> 00:18:34,300
without computers without 
calculators and without modern 

324
00:18:34,300 --> 00:18:38,400
astronomical instruments. 
Egyptian astronomy influenced 

325
00:18:38,400 --> 00:18:40,000
later, Greek and Roman 
knowledge. 

326
00:18:40,800 --> 00:18:43,800
When Julius Caesar needed to 
reform the Roman Calendar. 

327
00:18:43,800 --> 00:18:47,900
He consulted with alexandrian. 
Astronomers who had inherited, 

328
00:18:47,900 --> 00:18:50,200
Egyptian astronomical 
traditions. 

329
00:18:51,000 --> 00:18:53,900
The result was the Julian 
calendar, which introduced the 

330
00:18:53,900 --> 00:18:57,000
leap year concept and formed the
basis for our modern calendar. 

331
00:18:58,200 --> 00:19:01,000
While Mediterranean and Middle 
Eastern cultures developed their

332
00:19:01,000 --> 00:19:05,100
astronomical systems Chinese 
astronomers worked independently

333
00:19:05,100 --> 00:19:07,300
on the same fundamental 
problems. 

334
00:19:08,200 --> 00:19:11,900
The solutions they found were 
uniquely Chinese, but the 

335
00:19:11,900 --> 00:19:15,800
questions were Universal. 
Chinese astronomy began as 

336
00:19:15,800 --> 00:19:20,500
Oracle bone divination during 
the Shang Dynasty around 3,500 

337
00:19:20,500 --> 00:19:23,500
years ago. 
Priest would inscribe questions 

338
00:19:23,500 --> 00:19:27,500
on animal bones or turtle 
shells, apply heat, and 

339
00:19:27,500 --> 00:19:31,100
interpret the resulting cracks. 
Many of these inscribed. 

340
00:19:31,100 --> 00:19:33,600
Questions concerned. 
Astronomical phenomena. 

341
00:19:34,300 --> 00:19:36,400
When would the next lunar, 
eclipse occur? 

342
00:19:36,400 --> 00:19:40,200
What did the appearance of a 
comet portend where would 

343
00:19:40,200 --> 00:19:42,500
Jupiter appear in the sky next 
month? 

344
00:19:43,500 --> 00:19:46,700
By the time of the Joe Dynasty 
Chinese astronomers were 

345
00:19:46,700 --> 00:19:49,600
maintaining detailed written 
records of celestial events. 

346
00:19:50,300 --> 00:19:55,000
The documented comets, meteors 
supernovae and eclipses. 

347
00:19:56,100 --> 00:20:00,100
Chinese text from 10:54. 
CE provides the earliest detail 

348
00:20:00,100 --> 00:20:03,400
description of what we now know 
was a supernova explosion in the

349
00:20:03,400 --> 00:20:06,100
Crab. 
Nebula know European Source 

350
00:20:06,100 --> 00:20:08,900
mentioned this event because 
apparently no one there bothered

351
00:20:08,900 --> 00:20:11,900
to write it down. 
Chinese astronomers not only 

352
00:20:11,900 --> 00:20:15,400
noticed it but recorded its 
position brightness and duration

353
00:20:15,400 --> 00:20:18,500
with careful precision. 
The Chinese calendar. 

354
00:20:18,500 --> 00:20:21,900
Combined lunar months with a 
solely year in a complex system 

355
00:20:21,900 --> 00:20:23,600
that required constant 
adjustment. 

356
00:20:24,600 --> 00:20:28,300
They used a 19 year cycle 
similar to the Babylonian Matic 

357
00:20:28,300 --> 00:20:30,900
cycle. 
They also divided the solely 

358
00:20:30,900 --> 00:20:35,400
year in to 24 solar terms. 
Each solar term lasted about 15 

359
00:20:35,400 --> 00:20:39,100
days and marked specific points 
in the agricultural cycle. 

360
00:20:39,100 --> 00:20:44,900
Spring begins insects Awakening 
grain Falls summer solstice 

361
00:20:44,900 --> 00:20:48,700
arrives, the solar terms 
provided Farmers with guidance. 

362
00:20:48,700 --> 00:20:50,400
That did not depend on lunar 
months. 

363
00:20:51,300 --> 00:20:54,200
Chinese astronomers were 
particularly interested in 

364
00:20:54,200 --> 00:20:57,300
planetary motion. 
They calculated the orbital 

365
00:20:57,300 --> 00:21:00,200
periods of the five visible 
planets, with remarkable 

366
00:21:00,200 --> 00:21:02,800
accuracy. 
They noticed that these planets 

367
00:21:02,800 --> 00:21:05,600
occasionally appear to move 
backward against the background 

368
00:21:05,600 --> 00:21:08,700
of stars a phenomenon called 
retrograde motion. 

369
00:21:09,500 --> 00:21:12,300
They proposed mechanical 
explanations for this Behavior 

370
00:21:12,300 --> 00:21:14,500
centuries. 
Before European astronomers 

371
00:21:14,500 --> 00:21:18,200
tackled the same problem. 
The Chinese also developed 

372
00:21:18,200 --> 00:21:21,600
sophisticated instruments for 
astronomical observation. 

373
00:21:22,400 --> 00:21:25,000
Bronze are military, spheres 
with rotating Rings. 

374
00:21:25,000 --> 00:21:28,200
Allowed astronomers to measure 
the positions of celestial 

375
00:21:28,200 --> 00:21:30,200
objects with considerable 
precision. 

376
00:21:31,100 --> 00:21:36,200
Water clocks, regulated timing. 
Nomans vertical poles, that cast

377
00:21:36,200 --> 00:21:40,200
Shadows provided a simple but 
effective way to track the sun's

378
00:21:40,200 --> 00:21:43,600
daily and seasonal movements. 
One particular Chinese 

379
00:21:43,600 --> 00:21:46,700
invention. 
Does a special mention around 

380
00:21:46,700 --> 00:21:51,000
2000 years ago during the hand 
in Asti astronomers created 

381
00:21:51,000 --> 00:21:56,100
details star catalogs that map 
the positions of over 1400 Stars

382
00:21:57,000 --> 00:21:59,900
They organized the Stars into 
constellations that serve 

383
00:21:59,900 --> 00:22:03,100
similar purposes to those in 
Babylonian and Greek systems. 

384
00:22:03,100 --> 00:22:06,200
Though, the Chinese 
constellations had different 

385
00:22:06,200 --> 00:22:10,100
names and Arrangements. 
These star catalogs allowed for 

386
00:22:10,100 --> 00:22:13,600
the creation of sophisticated 
Celestial Globes and star 

387
00:22:13,600 --> 00:22:16,900
charts. 
Unlike Babylonian clay tablets 

388
00:22:16,900 --> 00:22:20,600
which recorded observations but 
did not provide spatial Maps. 

389
00:22:20,600 --> 00:22:24,600
Chinese star charts gave viewers
A visual representation of the 

390
00:22:24,600 --> 00:22:27,600
entire night sky. 
You could look at a chart, 

391
00:22:27,600 --> 00:22:32,300
identify a constellation go 
outside and find that same 

392
00:22:32,300 --> 00:22:36,100
constellation in the actual sky.
The Chinese government 

393
00:22:36,100 --> 00:22:39,400
maintained an official 
astronomical Bureau staffed with

394
00:22:39,408 --> 00:22:43,100
professional astronomers. these 
astronomers held important 

395
00:22:43,100 --> 00:22:47,000
positions because the emperor's 
legitimacy partly depended on 

396
00:22:47,000 --> 00:22:50,700
his harmony with Celestial 
patterns an accurately predicted

397
00:22:50,700 --> 00:22:54,000
Eclipse demonstrated that the 
emperor understood Heaven's will

398
00:22:55,100 --> 00:22:57,200
Failed predictions suggested, 
the opposite. 

399
00:22:57,900 --> 00:22:59,700
Astronomy was not merely 
academic. 

400
00:22:59,700 --> 00:23:05,100
It was political, Across the 
Pacific Ocean Mesoamerican 

401
00:23:05,100 --> 00:23:06,900
cultures developed, what many 
scholars? 

402
00:23:06,900 --> 00:23:10,700
Consider the most sophisticated 
pre-modern calendar systems ever

403
00:23:10,700 --> 00:23:13,800
created. 
The Maya in particular became 

404
00:23:13,800 --> 00:23:18,200
obsessed with measuring time. 
Maya civilization flourished in 

405
00:23:18,200 --> 00:23:19,500
what is now? 
Southern Mexico. 

406
00:23:19,500 --> 00:23:24,700
Guatemala, Belize and Honduras. 
They built cities with massive 

407
00:23:24,700 --> 00:23:28,700
Stone pyramids and ornate 
palaces they developed a 

408
00:23:28,700 --> 00:23:32,200
complete writing system capable 
of expressing complex ideas. 

409
00:23:32,200 --> 00:23:35,500
They created detailed 
astronomical tables and 

410
00:23:35,500 --> 00:23:39,100
mathematical calculations and 
they counted days. 

411
00:23:39,100 --> 00:23:43,300
They counted every single day. 
The Maya actually used several 

412
00:23:43,300 --> 00:23:45,100
different calendar systems 
simultaneously. 

413
00:23:46,200 --> 00:23:49,500
The zalkin was a ritual calendar
of 260 days. 

414
00:23:49,500 --> 00:23:53,900
The Hub was a solar calendar of 
365 days. 

415
00:23:53,900 --> 00:23:56,200
These two calendars. 
Meshed together like 

416
00:23:56,200 --> 00:24:00,300
interlocking gears a date 
specified in both systems such 

417
00:24:00,300 --> 00:24:03,200
as four. 
How eight cumco would only 

418
00:24:03,200 --> 00:24:07,800
repeat once every 52 years? 
This 52 year period was called 

419
00:24:07,800 --> 00:24:11,100
the calendar, round it 
functions, similarly to our 

420
00:24:11,100 --> 00:24:14,000
century. 
When a calendar round completed,

421
00:24:14,000 --> 00:24:17,100
it was a major event worthy of 
elaborate ceremonies. 

422
00:24:17,900 --> 00:24:19,800
But the calendar round had a 
limitation. 

423
00:24:20,700 --> 00:24:23,500
Once it cycled back to the 
beginning, you could not 

424
00:24:23,500 --> 00:24:27,100
distinguish between dates from 
the previous cycle and dates 

425
00:24:27,100 --> 00:24:30,200
from the current cycle. 
The Maya solved this problem 

426
00:24:30,200 --> 00:24:33,400
with the long count. 
A calendar that counted days 

427
00:24:33,400 --> 00:24:35,900
from a fixed starting point in 
the distant past. 

428
00:24:36,800 --> 00:24:41,300
The Long Count used a modified 
bass 20 number system. 20 days 

429
00:24:41,300 --> 00:24:45,800
made one urinal 18. 
Winners made one tune 20 tons 

430
00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:50,100
made one cartoon. 20 cartoons 
made one back tune The Long 

431
00:24:50,100 --> 00:24:56,600
Count starting date corresponds 
to August 11th 3114 BCE in our 

432
00:24:56,600 --> 00:24:59,800
modern calendar. 
The Maya chose this date for 

433
00:24:59,800 --> 00:25:02,600
mythological reasons related to 
their creation stories. 

434
00:25:03,400 --> 00:25:07,100
They then counted forward from 
this point recording dates in a 

435
00:25:07,100 --> 00:25:08,500
format. 
That looks something like this 

436
00:25:08,500 --> 00:25:19,800
9.1. 5.1 0.0.0, this meant 9, 
back Toons 15s 10 tons, 0s and 0

437
00:25:19,800 --> 00:25:21,800
days had elapsed since the 
starting point. 

438
00:25:22,800 --> 00:25:25,500
With the Long Count, Maya, 
scribes could record dates. 

439
00:25:25,500 --> 00:25:27,900
That would not repeat for over 
5,000 years. 

440
00:25:28,900 --> 00:25:31,100
This allowed them to reference 
historical events. 

441
00:25:31,100 --> 00:25:37,500
Unambiguously Dila erected in 
731 CE could mention an event 

442
00:25:37,500 --> 00:25:41,700
from 200 BCE and anyone reading 
that stealer would know exactly 

443
00:25:41,700 --> 00:25:45,300
which date was meant. 
Maya astronomers May 

444
00:25:45,300 --> 00:25:48,800
calculations that still impress,
modern researchers, they 

445
00:25:48,800 --> 00:25:54,500
calculated the length of the 
solar year is 365.240 days. 

446
00:25:54,500 --> 00:25:59,200
The actual length is 365.2422 
days. 

447
00:25:59,200 --> 00:26:02,200
The Maya were more accurate than
the Julian calendar. 

448
00:26:02,200 --> 00:26:03,800
That Europe was using at the 
same time. 

449
00:26:03,800 --> 00:26:08,100
They tracked, Venus with 
particular care, Venus appears 

450
00:26:08,100 --> 00:26:11,500
as both the morning star and the
evening star and early observers

451
00:26:11,500 --> 00:26:13,400
sometimes mistake it for two 
different objects. 

452
00:26:14,500 --> 00:26:16,500
The Maya understood. 
It was a single planet. 

453
00:26:17,400 --> 00:26:19,600
They calculated its Nordic 
period. 

454
00:26:19,600 --> 00:26:23,100
The time it takes to return to 
the same position relative to 

455
00:26:23,100 --> 00:26:27,500
Earth and the Sun as 500 883.92 
Days. 

456
00:26:28,600 --> 00:26:32,200
Modern measurements. 
Give 500 833.92 Days. 

457
00:26:32,200 --> 00:26:35,900
The Maya numbers are exact. 
How did they achieve this 

458
00:26:35,900 --> 00:26:40,200
accuracy through centuries of 
patients of Asian and meticulous

459
00:26:40,200 --> 00:26:43,900
record-keeping? 
Maya astronomers did not have 

460
00:26:43,900 --> 00:26:46,900
telescope's. 
They cited celestial objects 

461
00:26:46,900 --> 00:26:50,300
using crossed sticks or 
architectural alignments. 

462
00:26:51,200 --> 00:26:53,800
That they recorded their 
observations on bark paper, 

463
00:26:53,800 --> 00:26:58,700
books called codices on Stone 
monuments, called Steely and on 

464
00:26:58,700 --> 00:27:01,400
the walls of building's 
generational. 

465
00:27:01,400 --> 00:27:04,300
After generation of astronomers 
added to this Collective 

466
00:27:04,300 --> 00:27:08,600
knowledge, Maya buildings, 
incorporated astronomical 

467
00:27:08,600 --> 00:27:13,200
alignments at Chichen Itza. 
The pyramid called El Castillo 

468
00:27:13,200 --> 00:27:16,300
creates a serpent Shadow during 
the Spring and Autumn equinoxes 

469
00:27:16,300 --> 00:27:19,600
sunlight illuminates, the 
pyramid in such a way that 

470
00:27:19,600 --> 00:27:23,700
triangular Shadows descend, the 
stairs connecting with a carved,

471
00:27:23,700 --> 00:27:27,700
serpent head at the base. 
This effect draws thousands of 

472
00:27:27,700 --> 00:27:31,400
tourists today, but it was a 
functional demonstration that 

473
00:27:31,400 --> 00:27:35,800
the Equinox had arrived. it took
smile, the governor's Palace 

474
00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:39,500
aligns with the southernmost 
Rising point of Venus Every 

475
00:27:39,500 --> 00:27:42,900
eight years Venus reaches this 
position on the horizon and 

476
00:27:42,900 --> 00:27:45,700
someone standing at a specific 
spot in the palace, doorway 

477
00:27:45,700 --> 00:27:48,800
would see the planet rise 
directly over a distant pyramid.

478
00:27:49,700 --> 00:27:52,400
This alignment combined 
architectural planning with 

479
00:27:52,400 --> 00:27:55,700
astronomical knowledge with 
long-term calendrical 

480
00:27:55,700 --> 00:27:59,000
calculations. 
The sophistication of Maya 

481
00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:02,400
astronomy came from practical 
necessity combined with 

482
00:28:02,400 --> 00:28:05,800
religious significant. 
Knowing when to plant and 

483
00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:09,200
harvest crops remained 
critically important, just as it

484
00:28:09,200 --> 00:28:11,100
was for every Agricultural 
Society. 

485
00:28:12,400 --> 00:28:15,400
But the Maya also believed that 
time itself was divine. 

486
00:28:15,400 --> 00:28:19,200
The days were Gods, the calendar
Cycles were sacred 

487
00:28:19,200 --> 00:28:22,700
understanding, the movements of 
celestial bodies meant 

488
00:28:22,700 --> 00:28:24,400
understanding the will of the 
Gods. 

489
00:28:25,300 --> 00:28:28,000
There's different cultures 
expanded and came into contact 

490
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:30,700
with each other, their various 
calendar systems. 

491
00:28:30,700 --> 00:28:34,200
Began to interact. 
This created confusion 

492
00:28:34,200 --> 00:28:37,400
frustration and occasional 
comedy. 

493
00:28:38,400 --> 00:28:41,300
The Roman Calendar was to put a,
kindly, a mess. 

494
00:28:41,300 --> 00:28:44,200
It started as a 10-month lunar 
calendar. 

495
00:28:44,200 --> 00:28:48,000
A tributed to Romulus. 
The legendary founder of Rome. 

496
00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:51,900
This calendar began in March, 
and ended in December. 

497
00:28:52,700 --> 00:28:54,900
January, and February, did not 
exist yet. 

498
00:28:54,900 --> 00:28:59,100
Winter was just an undefined 
stretch of time between years. 

499
00:29:00,000 --> 00:29:03,500
Eventually the Romans added 
January and February creating a 

500
00:29:03,500 --> 00:29:09,800
12-month year of 355 days. 
But 355 days is far too short 

501
00:29:09,800 --> 00:29:12,900
for a solely year, the calendar 
drifted badly. 

502
00:29:13,900 --> 00:29:16,000
To fix this. 
Roman priest was supposed to 

503
00:29:16,008 --> 00:29:19,800
insert extra months when 
necessary these intercalary 

504
00:29:19,800 --> 00:29:23,200
months were added at the whim of
priests and politicians who 

505
00:29:23,200 --> 00:29:25,800
sometimes manipulated the 
calendar for political 

506
00:29:25,800 --> 00:29:28,900
Advantage. 
Extra months could extend a 

507
00:29:28,900 --> 00:29:31,100
favored. 
Politicians term in office or 

508
00:29:31,100 --> 00:29:35,800
delay inconvenient elections? 
By the time Julius Caesar came 

509
00:29:35,800 --> 00:29:37,800
to power. 
The Roman Calendar was a 

510
00:29:37,800 --> 00:29:40,100
shambles. 
The months for little 

511
00:29:40,100 --> 00:29:43,700
relationship to the seasons. 
January sometimes, fell in 

512
00:29:43,700 --> 00:29:46,600
autumn summer. 
Festivals occurred in Spring. 

513
00:29:47,600 --> 00:29:52,200
Something had to be done. 
Caesar recruited and alexandrian

514
00:29:52,200 --> 00:29:54,500
astronomer named sousanis to fix
the problem. 

515
00:29:55,400 --> 00:30:00,100
Sausages proposed, a solar 
calendar of 365 days with an 

516
00:30:00,100 --> 00:30:01,600
extra day, added every four 
years. 

517
00:30:01,600 --> 00:30:06,100
This system, which became known 
as the Julian calendar, was more

518
00:30:06,100 --> 00:30:08,200
accurate than anything Roman 
used before. 

519
00:30:09,100 --> 00:30:11,500
But implementing it required a 
transitional year of 

520
00:30:11,500 --> 00:30:17,200
extraordinary lengths. 
The year 46 BCE lasted 445 days 

521
00:30:17,200 --> 00:30:20,200
while the old calendar was 
brought into alignment with the 

522
00:30:20,208 --> 00:30:23,600
new one, Romans called it the 
year of confusion. 

523
00:30:24,400 --> 00:30:27,600
They were not wrong. 
The Julian calendar worked well,

524
00:30:27,600 --> 00:30:32,500
for over 1,000 years, but it had
a small error The solar year is 

525
00:30:32,500 --> 00:30:40,600
not exactly 3605.25 days. 
It is approximately 365.242 

526
00:30:40,600 --> 00:30:43,300
days. 
This means the Julian calendar 

527
00:30:43,300 --> 00:30:45,300
was about 11 minutes too long 
per year. 

528
00:30:46,200 --> 00:30:48,900
That seems trivial. 
But those minutes accumulate 

529
00:30:48,900 --> 00:30:54,100
after 128 years, the Julian 
calendar was a full day ahead of

530
00:30:54,108 --> 00:30:57,900
the seasons by the 16th century.
This drifted become noticeable, 

531
00:30:57,900 --> 00:31:01,400
the Spring Equinox which was 
supposed to occur around, March 

532
00:31:01,400 --> 00:31:04,000
21st was happening on March 
11th. 

533
00:31:04,800 --> 00:31:08,400
Easter which is calculated based
on the Spring Equinox was 

534
00:31:08,400 --> 00:31:12,000
drifting earlier in the year. 
Church officials found this 

535
00:31:12,000 --> 00:31:16,100
unacceptable Pope Gregory the 
13th, commissioned Scholars to 

536
00:31:16,100 --> 00:31:19,500
create a better calendar. 
The solution they proposed was 

537
00:31:19,500 --> 00:31:24,000
elegant, keep the leap year 
system, but skip three, leap 

538
00:31:24,000 --> 00:31:28,300
years, every 400 years. 
Specifically century is would 

539
00:31:28,300 --> 00:31:31,100
only be leap years if they were 
divisible by 400. 

540
00:31:31,800 --> 00:31:38,200
So, 1700 1800 and 1900 would not
be leap years, but 2000 would 

541
00:31:38,200 --> 00:31:41,100
be. 
This adjustment brought the 

542
00:31:41,100 --> 00:31:44,200
calendar almost perfectly into 
alignment with the solar year. 

543
00:31:44,200 --> 00:31:49,000
The Gregorian calendar is, it 
became known loses only one day,

544
00:31:49,000 --> 00:31:54,500
every 3,236 years, That was 
close enough for practical 

545
00:31:54,500 --> 00:31:57,100
purposes. 
Implementing the Gregorian, 

546
00:31:57,100 --> 00:31:59,100
calendar. 
Required another one-time 

547
00:31:59,100 --> 00:32:04,600
correction on October 4th 1582. 
Pope Gregory declared that the 

548
00:32:04,600 --> 00:32:08,100
next day would be October 15th. 
10 days. 

549
00:32:08,100 --> 00:32:10,000
Simply disappeared from the 
calendar. 

550
00:32:11,100 --> 00:32:13,800
People went to bed on Thursday 
and woke up on Friday, but it 

551
00:32:13,800 --> 00:32:17,500
was somehow 10 days later. 
Catholic countries adopted. 

552
00:32:17,500 --> 00:32:20,500
This change immediately. 
Protestant countries were 

553
00:32:20,500 --> 00:32:24,200
suspicious of anything coming 
from Rome and resisted for 

554
00:32:24,200 --> 00:32:28,300
decades or even centuries. 
Great Britain did not switch 

555
00:32:28,300 --> 00:32:32,900
until 1752 by which point they 
had to delete 11 days to catch 

556
00:32:32,900 --> 00:32:36,100
up. 
Russia held out until 1918 

557
00:32:36,100 --> 00:32:40,400
Greece. 
Waited until 1923 During the 

558
00:32:40,400 --> 00:32:42,800
transition periods, different 
countries, use different 

559
00:32:42,800 --> 00:32:47,200
calendars, a merchant traveling 
from London to Paris in 1650 

560
00:32:47,200 --> 00:32:50,600
would cross the English Channel 
and suddenly find himself 10 

561
00:32:50,600 --> 00:32:53,400
days in the future. 
Letters would be dated 

562
00:32:53,400 --> 00:32:56,600
differently, depending on where 
they were written International 

563
00:32:56,600 --> 00:32:59,700
diplomacy required carefully. 
Specifying, which calendar 

564
00:32:59,700 --> 00:33:01,900
system was being used for any 
given date. 

565
00:33:02,700 --> 00:33:06,500
Today almost the entire world 
uses the Gregorian calendar for 

566
00:33:06,500 --> 00:33:09,200
civil purposes. 
Though, many cultures maintain 

567
00:33:09,200 --> 00:33:11,800
traditional calendars for 
religious or agricultural 

568
00:33:11,800 --> 00:33:15,300
purposes. 
The Chinese New Year does not 

569
00:33:15,300 --> 00:33:19,000
fall on January 1st Rosh, 
Hashanah the Jewish New Year 

570
00:33:19,000 --> 00:33:21,900
occurs in September or October 
Diwali. 

571
00:33:21,900 --> 00:33:26,100
The Hindu festival of lights 
shifts dates each year according

572
00:33:26,100 --> 00:33:29,600
to the Hindu lunar calendar. 
We ended up with a global 

573
00:33:29,600 --> 00:33:32,300
calendar, not because it is 
perfect but because 

574
00:33:32,300 --> 00:33:35,400
International coordination 
required standardization. 

575
00:33:36,300 --> 00:33:41,400
Trains ships and telegraphs made
time synchronization necessary. 

576
00:33:41,400 --> 00:33:45,000
You cannot run an international 
railway system if different 

577
00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:47,100
countries cannot agree on what 
day it is. 

578
00:33:47,900 --> 00:33:51,400
You're lying on your back in a 
field, it is a clear night with 

579
00:33:51,400 --> 00:33:54,300
no moon. 
Far from City Lights. 

580
00:33:54,300 --> 00:33:58,900
The Stars fill the sky with such
density that you can barely 

581
00:33:58,900 --> 00:34:01,000
distinguish individual 
constellations. 

582
00:34:02,100 --> 00:34:05,300
The Milky Way stretches overhead
like a river of light. 

583
00:34:06,400 --> 00:34:09,800
Thousands of years, every human 
who looked up for essentially 

584
00:34:09,800 --> 00:34:12,699
this same view. 
The stars were constant 

585
00:34:12,699 --> 00:34:15,900
companions children. 
Learned constellation names from

586
00:34:15,900 --> 00:34:20,900
their parents Farmers, navigated
by Celestial landmarks Sailors 

587
00:34:20,900 --> 00:34:24,100
crossed Ocean's using only the 
stars and sun to guide them. 

588
00:34:25,100 --> 00:34:27,800
Modern electric lighting has 
changed this relationship. 

589
00:34:27,800 --> 00:34:30,199
Most people living in cities 
today. 

590
00:34:30,199 --> 00:34:34,000
Have never seen the Milky Way. 
The stars are still there, of 

591
00:34:34,000 --> 00:34:36,800
course, but artificial light 
over them. 

592
00:34:36,800 --> 00:34:39,900
We have traded our connection to
the night sky for the 

593
00:34:39,900 --> 00:34:44,100
convenience of Illumination. 
This represents a profound shift

594
00:34:44,100 --> 00:34:48,000
in human experience. 
Promised all of human history. 

595
00:34:48,000 --> 00:34:51,300
People were intimately familiar 
with Celestial patterns. 

596
00:34:51,300 --> 00:34:56,000
They knew which stars Rose when 
They recognized the phases of 

597
00:34:56,000 --> 00:34:59,000
the moon without checking a 
calendar, the oriented 

598
00:34:59,000 --> 00:35:02,700
themselves using the sun's 
position almost unconsciously. 

599
00:35:03,500 --> 00:35:06,500
Ancient astronomical knowledge 
was not the domain of 

600
00:35:06,500 --> 00:35:09,500
Specialists. 
Everyone knew the basics because

601
00:35:09,500 --> 00:35:13,300
everyone needed to a farmer who 
could not read the sky would 

602
00:35:13,300 --> 00:35:17,300
fail at farming Traveler. 
Who could not find a North by 

603
00:35:17,300 --> 00:35:21,600
the Stars would get lost? 
This was practical survival 

604
00:35:21,600 --> 00:35:24,200
relevant information, that 
passed from generation to 

605
00:35:24,200 --> 00:35:26,400
generation as naturally as 
language itself. 

606
00:35:27,400 --> 00:35:30,100
The calendar systems developed 
by ancient astronomers 

607
00:35:30,100 --> 00:35:32,500
represent. 
Humanity's first sustained 

608
00:35:32,500 --> 00:35:36,400
scientific endeavor. 
Long before chemistry or physics

609
00:35:36,400 --> 00:35:39,600
or biology? 
Existed, as disciplined, people 

610
00:35:39,600 --> 00:35:43,400
were making careful observations
of natural phenomena, looking 

611
00:35:43,400 --> 00:35:47,700
for patterns, creating models to
explain those patterns and 

612
00:35:47,700 --> 00:35:51,300
testing those models against 
reality they made mistakes. 

613
00:35:51,300 --> 00:35:54,200
Certainly they mixed astronomy 
with astrology. 

614
00:35:54,200 --> 00:35:58,700
Empirical observation, with 
mystical interpretation, But the

615
00:35:58,700 --> 00:36:03,500
fundamental approach was sound. 
Watch carefully record. 

616
00:36:03,500 --> 00:36:06,500
What you see. 
Look for repeating patterns. 

617
00:36:06,500 --> 00:36:10,800
Use those patterns to make 
predictions, check whether 

618
00:36:10,800 --> 00:36:12,300
you're predictions. 
Come true. 

619
00:36:12,300 --> 00:36:17,100
This is the scientific method in
embryonic form and it started 

620
00:36:17,100 --> 00:36:20,000
with people looking up at the 
night sky and wondering the 

621
00:36:20,000 --> 00:36:22,800
stone circles. 
The clay tablets the bark paper,

622
00:36:22,800 --> 00:36:26,800
codices the star charts and 
calendar systems, all represent 

623
00:36:26,800 --> 00:36:30,000
the same human impulse. 
We want to understand the world 

624
00:36:30,000 --> 00:36:32,700
around us. 
We want to find all order in 

625
00:36:32,700 --> 00:36:35,300
apparent chaos. 
We want to anticipate. 

626
00:36:35,300 --> 00:36:39,000
What comes next? 
Calendars gave us power over 

627
00:36:39,000 --> 00:36:41,800
time or at least the illusion of
such power. 

628
00:36:42,600 --> 00:36:44,700
We cannot stop the seasons from 
changing. 

629
00:36:44,700 --> 00:36:47,800
We cannot prevent the Sun from 
rising and setting. 

630
00:36:49,100 --> 00:36:53,600
We can measure these changes, 
predict them, mark them, and 

631
00:36:53,600 --> 00:36:56,600
organize, our lives around them 
in doing. 

632
00:36:56,600 --> 00:37:00,100
So we transformed ourselves from
creatures who merely experience 

633
00:37:00,100 --> 00:37:05,000
time into creatures, who could 
conceptualize it manipulated and

634
00:37:05,000 --> 00:37:09,400
plan across it. farmer who could
predict the arrival of spring, 

635
00:37:09,400 --> 00:37:13,200
six weeks in advance had an 
enormous advantage over the 

636
00:37:13,200 --> 00:37:17,200
farmer who simply waited for 
warm weather The society that 

637
00:37:17,200 --> 00:37:21,100
could schedule festivals. 
Rotate crops and organized 

638
00:37:21,100 --> 00:37:24,300
long-term construction projects 
around a shared calendar. 

639
00:37:24,300 --> 00:37:27,300
Could accomplish things that 
societies without calendars 

640
00:37:27,300 --> 00:37:31,300
could not, The calendars created
by ancient astronomers. 

641
00:37:31,300 --> 00:37:34,200
Still structure your daily life 
in ways you probably do not 

642
00:37:34,200 --> 00:37:38,400
think about You know, there are 
seven days in a week because 

643
00:37:38,400 --> 00:37:41,600
ancient Babylonian astronomers 
assigned each day to one of the 

644
00:37:41,600 --> 00:37:44,300
seven celestial bodies, visible 
to the naked eye. 

645
00:37:45,000 --> 00:37:48,400
Sunday, belongs to the Sun, 
Monday is the Moon's day. 

646
00:37:48,400 --> 00:37:52,300
The other five days were 
assigned to Mercury, Venus Mars,

647
00:37:52,300 --> 00:37:55,800
Jupiter, and Saturn. 
And you know, there are 12 

648
00:37:55,800 --> 00:37:58,800
months in a year because the 
Babylonians divided the sky and 

649
00:37:58,800 --> 00:38:02,400
12 zodiac constellations. 
The number 12 appears throughout

650
00:38:02,400 --> 00:38:05,700
Clinton called systems because 
it is mathematically convenient.

651
00:38:05,700 --> 00:38:10,500
It can be evenly divided by two,
three, four, and six. 

652
00:38:10,500 --> 00:38:13,900
This makes it useful for 
organizing time into smaller 

653
00:38:13,900 --> 00:38:16,400
units. 
He celebrate New Year on January

654
00:38:16,400 --> 00:38:22,800
1st because the Roman senate way
back in 153, BC e decided to 

655
00:38:22,800 --> 00:38:25,500
move the start of the Civil Air 
from March to January. 

656
00:38:26,600 --> 00:38:30,200
This allowed newly elected 
magistrates to take office, and 

657
00:38:30,200 --> 00:38:32,800
travel to their provinces before
the spring campaign. 

658
00:38:32,800 --> 00:38:36,200
Season began. 
The change had nothing to do 

659
00:38:36,200 --> 00:38:39,000
with astronomy. 
It was a purely administrative 

660
00:38:39,000 --> 00:38:42,800
decision. 
That happened to stick your year

661
00:38:42,800 --> 00:38:46,000
starts in the middle of winter 
rather than at a natural Turning

662
00:38:46,000 --> 00:38:47,800
Point. 
Like the Spring Equinox or the 

663
00:38:47,808 --> 00:38:51,700
winter solstice because of 
bureaucratic convenience 2000 

664
00:38:51,700 --> 00:38:54,900
years ago, And you probably 
never questioned it. 

665
00:38:55,600 --> 00:38:58,900
The names of the months contain 
their own history, September 

666
00:38:58,900 --> 00:39:02,100
October, November and December. 
Come from the Latin words. 

667
00:39:02,100 --> 00:39:08,300
For seven eight, nine and ten. 
But they are the 9th 10th 11th 

668
00:39:08,300 --> 00:39:12,700
and 12th months. 
This is because the original 

669
00:39:12,700 --> 00:39:16,600
Roman Calendar began in March 
when January and February were 

670
00:39:16,600 --> 00:39:17,800
added to the beginning of the 
year. 

671
00:39:17,800 --> 00:39:20,100
No one bothered to rename the 
later months. 

672
00:39:20,900 --> 00:39:22,700
The name's no longer matched the
numbers. 

673
00:39:22,700 --> 00:39:25,500
And this is caused confusion for
over two millennia. 

674
00:39:26,300 --> 00:39:29,200
July and August were named after
Julius Caesar and Augustus, 

675
00:39:29,200 --> 00:39:31,700
Caesar. 
For that they were called 

676
00:39:31,700 --> 00:39:36,000
quintilis and sex dealers, 
meaning, fifth and sixth, the 

677
00:39:36,000 --> 00:39:39,400
Emperors essentially renamed 
months after themselves, which 

678
00:39:39,400 --> 00:39:41,600
is why you're probably familiar 
with their names. 

679
00:39:41,600 --> 00:39:45,500
Even if you have never studied 
Roman history, February has only

680
00:39:45,500 --> 00:39:49,500
28 days, most years because the 
Romans considered it, an unlucky

681
00:39:49,500 --> 00:39:51,900
month, and wanted it to be a 
short as possible. 

682
00:39:52,900 --> 00:39:56,200
When they added the leap day 
every four years, they stuck it 

683
00:39:56,200 --> 00:39:58,800
in February because that month 
was already weird and unlucky. 

684
00:39:58,800 --> 00:40:01,000
So one more Oddity would not 
matter. 

685
00:40:01,000 --> 00:40:05,000
None of this is logical. 
It is historical. 

686
00:40:05,000 --> 00:40:10,200
Your calendar is not designed. 
It has a created over thousands 

687
00:40:10,200 --> 00:40:14,700
of years, picking up quirks in a
regularities from dozens of 

688
00:40:14,700 --> 00:40:17,600
different cultures. 
You live with a Roman framework.

689
00:40:17,600 --> 00:40:21,600
That was adjusted by a Christian
Pope to fix problems, created by

690
00:40:21,600 --> 00:40:24,100
a Greek astronomers imperfect 
measurements. 

691
00:40:24,900 --> 00:40:27,800
And yet it works. 
You can schedule appointments 

692
00:40:27,800 --> 00:40:30,600
months in advance with 
confidence that you and the 

693
00:40:30,600 --> 00:40:32,900
other person will show up on the
same day. 

694
00:40:33,600 --> 00:40:36,200
Airline's can publish flight 
schedules, that Travelers in 

695
00:40:36,200 --> 00:40:38,500
different countries. 
Can all interpret correctly, 

696
00:40:38,500 --> 00:40:42,300
International businesses, can 
coordinate activities, across 

697
00:40:42,300 --> 00:40:46,300
continents, This coordination is
Possible, only because we all 

698
00:40:46,300 --> 00:40:50,300
agree to use the same admittedly
strange calendar system. 

699
00:40:51,400 --> 00:40:54,200
The ancient astronomers who 
first started tracking the Sun 

700
00:40:54,200 --> 00:40:56,400
and Moon would be amazed by 
this. 

701
00:40:56,400 --> 00:40:58,900
They would recognize some of 
what we do. 

702
00:40:58,900 --> 00:41:02,500
They would understand that we 
still count days and months and 

703
00:41:02,500 --> 00:41:06,600
years they would not approve at 
our continued use of seven-day 

704
00:41:06,600 --> 00:41:10,600
weeks and 12 months years. 
But they would be baffled by our

705
00:41:10,600 --> 00:41:14,300
indifference to the actual sky. 
Most modern people could not 

706
00:41:14,300 --> 00:41:18,600
name a single constellation. 
Many cannot find North by the 

707
00:41:18,600 --> 00:41:21,300
Stars. 
The idea of using the heliacal 

708
00:41:21,300 --> 00:41:24,600
rising of serious, to predict 
anything would seem bizarre. 

709
00:41:25,200 --> 00:41:27,800
We have inherited their calendar
systems while losing the 

710
00:41:27,800 --> 00:41:30,200
astronomical knowledge, that 
created those systems. 

711
00:41:30,200 --> 00:41:34,500
We use the tools without 
understanding how they work, or 

712
00:41:34,500 --> 00:41:36,400
why they were built in 
particular ways. 

713
00:41:37,200 --> 00:41:40,100
The calendar on your wall or in 
your phone is a technological 

714
00:41:40,100 --> 00:41:43,100
artifact separated from its 
technological context. 

715
00:41:44,000 --> 00:41:47,100
This is not necessarily bad. 
You do not need to understand 

716
00:41:47,100 --> 00:41:49,300
internal combustion, engines to 
drive a car. 

717
00:41:49,300 --> 00:41:52,400
You do not need to know how 
transistors work to use a 

718
00:41:52,400 --> 00:41:54,900
computer. 
Division of knowledge is a 

719
00:41:54,900 --> 00:41:58,500
feature of the advanced 
civilizations, specialist handle

720
00:41:58,500 --> 00:42:02,700
specialized things but something
has been lost the direct 

721
00:42:02,700 --> 00:42:06,700
connection between humans and 
the sky which existed for tens 

722
00:42:06,700 --> 00:42:08,900
of thousands of years has 
weakened. 

723
00:42:09,700 --> 00:42:12,800
We no longer need to watch the 
sunset to know what time it is. 

724
00:42:12,800 --> 00:42:15,600
We no longer need to track the 
moon to plan. 

725
00:42:15,600 --> 00:42:18,900
Next month's activities, clocks 
and smartphones. 

726
00:42:18,900 --> 00:42:20,600
Provide all the temporal 
information. 

727
00:42:20,600 --> 00:42:24,200
We require The calendar has 
become transparent in a way. 

728
00:42:24,208 --> 00:42:25,900
It never was for ancient 
peoples. 

729
00:42:25,900 --> 00:42:28,800
It is so much a part of the 
background of life that we 

730
00:42:28,800 --> 00:42:31,600
hardly. 
Notice it We glanced at dates 

731
00:42:31,600 --> 00:42:34,600
without thinking about where 
those dates came from or how 

732
00:42:34,600 --> 00:42:38,100
they are calculated. 
We plan years ahead without 

733
00:42:38,100 --> 00:42:41,000
marveling at our ability to 
project ourselves into the 

734
00:42:41,000 --> 00:42:44,900
future with such confidence. 
Ancient astronomers would envy 

735
00:42:44,900 --> 00:42:46,700
this casual relationship with 
time. 

736
00:42:46,700 --> 00:42:50,200
They struggled for generations 
to create systems that would 

737
00:42:50,200 --> 00:42:52,200
remain accurate for a single 
lifetime. 

738
00:42:52,200 --> 00:42:56,000
We have systems that will remain
accurate for thousands of years.

739
00:42:56,000 --> 00:43:00,000
They watch the sky anxiously 
worried, they might miss the 

740
00:43:00,000 --> 00:43:03,800
crucial sign that planting 
season was approaching We check 

741
00:43:03,800 --> 00:43:07,600
our phones and see exactly what 
date it is, and how many days 

742
00:43:07,600 --> 00:43:09,400
remain until any future of 
event. 

743
00:43:09,400 --> 00:43:12,500
We care about but they had 
something we have lost. 

744
00:43:13,400 --> 00:43:16,500
They had a direct unmediated 
relationship with the cosmos, 

745
00:43:16,500 --> 00:43:20,000
they knew the rhythms of the sky
the way you know the layout of 

746
00:43:20,000 --> 00:43:23,400
your home they could read time 
in the stars the way you read 

747
00:43:23,400 --> 00:43:26,400
time from a screen their 
knowledge was built from 

748
00:43:26,400 --> 00:43:30,100
observation passed down through 
generations, refined over 

749
00:43:30,100 --> 00:43:33,000
centuries. 
Every culture that created a 

750
00:43:33,008 --> 00:43:35,600
calendar system. 
Did so by watching the same Sun,

751
00:43:35,600 --> 00:43:40,800
the same Moon, the same Stars. 
They found the patterns, they 

752
00:43:40,800 --> 00:43:44,300
figured out the Cycles, they 
built systems to track and 

753
00:43:44,300 --> 00:43:47,900
predict astronomical events. 
They did all this without ever 

754
00:43:47,900 --> 00:43:50,600
leaving the ground or 
understanding what celestial 

755
00:43:50,600 --> 00:43:54,600
objects actually were. 
The sun was not understood as a 

756
00:43:54,600 --> 00:43:58,100
massive nuclear fusion, reactor 
93 million miles away. 

757
00:43:58,800 --> 00:44:01,600
It was simply the bright thing 
that rows and set each day. 

758
00:44:02,900 --> 00:44:05,700
The moon was not known to be a 
rocky satellite orbiting Earth. 

759
00:44:06,900 --> 00:44:09,100
It was the changing light that 
moved through the night. 

760
00:44:09,100 --> 00:44:13,500
Sky in predictable patterns, the
stars were not recognized as 

761
00:44:13,500 --> 00:44:16,400
distant Suns. 
They were fixed points of light,

762
00:44:16,400 --> 00:44:20,300
that slowly wielded overhead and
yet despite this limited 

763
00:44:20,300 --> 00:44:22,900
physical understanding ancient 
astronomers. 

764
00:44:22,900 --> 00:44:25,000
Created functional predictive 
models. 

765
00:44:25,000 --> 00:44:27,900
They could tell you when the 
next eclipse would occur. 

766
00:44:27,900 --> 00:44:31,800
They could predict the seasons 
years in advance, they could 

767
00:44:31,800 --> 00:44:34,200
calculate the movements of 
planets with impressive 

768
00:44:34,200 --> 00:44:36,600
accuracy. 
This is what makes their 

769
00:44:36,600 --> 00:44:39,600
achievement so remarkable. 
They worked backwards from 

770
00:44:39,600 --> 00:44:43,700
affects to cause his, they saw 
patterns in the sky and built 

771
00:44:43,700 --> 00:44:47,300
systems to explain those 
patterns when their systems fail

772
00:44:47,300 --> 00:44:51,400
to predict observations, they 
revised the systems This 

773
00:44:51,400 --> 00:44:55,800
iterative process of observation
hypothesis and refinement is 

774
00:44:55,800 --> 00:44:59,500
recognizably scientific. 
Even though the people doing it 

775
00:44:59,500 --> 00:45:02,800
would not have used that word, 
you probably check the date 

776
00:45:02,800 --> 00:45:04,600
several times a day without 
thinking about it. 

777
00:45:05,400 --> 00:45:08,500
You glance at your phone, your 
computer, or your watch. 

778
00:45:09,300 --> 00:45:13,600
Current date appears, instantly 
accurately, and with no effort 

779
00:45:13,600 --> 00:45:16,600
required on your part. 
This availability would have 

780
00:45:16,608 --> 00:45:19,600
seen miraculous to someone 
living even 200 years ago. 

781
00:45:20,500 --> 00:45:23,300
For most of human history, 
knowing the exact date required 

782
00:45:23,300 --> 00:45:27,400
education, access to written 
calendars and enough social 

783
00:45:27,400 --> 00:45:29,000
standing to care about such 
things. 

784
00:45:30,100 --> 00:45:32,000
Peasant Farmers, rarely knew 
what day of the month. 

785
00:45:32,000 --> 00:45:35,900
It was the new the seasons. 
They knew approximately, how far

786
00:45:35,900 --> 00:45:39,100
through the growing cycle? 
They were, they could judge by 

787
00:45:39,100 --> 00:45:42,000
the sun's position but specific 
dates. 

788
00:45:42,000 --> 00:45:45,400
Those were for merchants priests
and nobility. 

789
00:45:46,400 --> 00:45:49,400
The spread of mechanical clocks 
in the 14th century began to 

790
00:45:49,400 --> 00:45:52,600
change this. 
Clocks Were initially enormous 

791
00:45:52,600 --> 00:45:56,700
expense of and installed in 
public spaces like church 

792
00:45:56,700 --> 00:45:59,700
towers. 
These clocks rang Bells at 

793
00:45:59,700 --> 00:46:02,600
regular intervals, marking the 
hours for everyone Within 

794
00:46:02,600 --> 00:46:05,500
earshot. 
The bells created a shared. 

795
00:46:05,500 --> 00:46:09,100
Temporal experience. 
Everyone in town, heard the same

796
00:46:09,108 --> 00:46:12,800
signal at the same moment. 
As clocks became smaller and 

797
00:46:12,800 --> 00:46:15,900
cheaper. 
They moved into homes pocket. 

798
00:46:15,900 --> 00:46:18,200
Watches allowed individuals to 
carry time with them 

799
00:46:18,200 --> 00:46:21,900
wristwatches, made time even 
more accessible today. 

800
00:46:21,900 --> 00:46:25,800
Most people carry smartphones 
that display not just the time, 

801
00:46:25,800 --> 00:46:29,500
but also the date the day of the
week and the phase of the moon. 

802
00:46:29,500 --> 00:46:32,600
If you want it, this 
democratization of temporal 

803
00:46:32,600 --> 00:46:36,500
information has changed how we 
think about time ancient people 

804
00:46:36,500 --> 00:46:40,700
experience time as cyclical the 
seasons repeated, the moon, 

805
00:46:40,700 --> 00:46:43,900
waxed and waned. 
The sun traced the same path 

806
00:46:43,900 --> 00:46:47,000
year after year. 
Each cycle was functionally 

807
00:46:47,000 --> 00:46:50,800
identical to the previous one. 
Time was an endless repetition 

808
00:46:50,800 --> 00:46:54,000
of familiar patterns. 
Modern people tend to experience

809
00:46:54,000 --> 00:46:57,200
time as linear and Progressive. 
Today is different from 

810
00:46:57,200 --> 00:46:59,600
yesterday. 
Tomorrow will be different from 

811
00:46:59,600 --> 00:47:03,400
today. 
We Mark Time by dates rather 

812
00:47:03,400 --> 00:47:06,300
than by Cycles. 
We think about history as a 

813
00:47:06,308 --> 00:47:09,400
sequence of unique events 
stretching from the past into 

814
00:47:09,400 --> 00:47:13,700
the future. 
January 15th, 2024 will never 

815
00:47:13,700 --> 00:47:17,500
happen again. 
It is a distinct Moment Forever 

816
00:47:17,500 --> 00:47:19,500
distinguishable from every other
moment. 

817
00:47:20,600 --> 00:47:23,900
This linear conception of time 
emerged from calendar systems 

818
00:47:23,900 --> 00:47:26,900
that count continuously from 
fixed starting points. 

819
00:47:27,800 --> 00:47:31,400
The Long Count of the mayor was 
one early example. the Common 

820
00:47:31,400 --> 00:47:35,700
Era dating system used in most 
of the world today is another We

821
00:47:35,700 --> 00:47:39,000
count years from an arbitrary 
starting point, and each year 

822
00:47:39,000 --> 00:47:44,400
has a unique number year. 500 is
not the same as year, 1500 or 

823
00:47:44,400 --> 00:47:47,400
year 2500. 
They are different years with 

824
00:47:47,400 --> 00:47:50,600
different dates and history 
happened in a particular order 

825
00:47:50,600 --> 00:47:53,400
between them. 
Ancient astronomical knowledge 

826
00:47:53,400 --> 00:47:56,700
made this possible. 
Without Callender's without 

827
00:47:56,700 --> 00:48:00,000
methods for tracking and 
recording dates, you cannot 

828
00:48:00,000 --> 00:48:03,200
build a linear. 
Historical narrative, everything

829
00:48:03,200 --> 00:48:07,000
collapses into vague 
generational, time things 

830
00:48:07,000 --> 00:48:09,200
happened during your 
grandfather's grandfather's 

831
00:48:09,200 --> 00:48:11,700
time. 
Other things happened in the age

832
00:48:11,700 --> 00:48:15,000
of the great king events. 
Cannot be precisely ordered or 

833
00:48:15,000 --> 00:48:18,400
accurately dated Written 
history, as we understand, it 

834
00:48:18,400 --> 00:48:21,600
depends on calendars. 
When historians say, the 

835
00:48:21,608 --> 00:48:25,700
Persians invaded Greece in 480, 
BCE or that Columbus reached. 

836
00:48:25,700 --> 00:48:30,300
The Americas in 1492 that the 
first World War began in 1914. 

837
00:48:30,300 --> 00:48:34,300
They are using calendar systems 
to prevents to specific moments.

838
00:48:35,000 --> 00:48:37,800
These dates are arbitrary and 
that we made up the numbering 

839
00:48:37,800 --> 00:48:41,000
system, but they are all so 
precise and universally 

840
00:48:41,000 --> 00:48:44,000
interpretable by anyone using 
the same system. 

841
00:48:44,000 --> 00:48:47,400
Imagine trying to coordinate a 
conference call with people in 

842
00:48:47,400 --> 00:48:50,300
five different countries without
a shared calendar system. 

843
00:48:50,300 --> 00:48:53,100
How would you specify when the 
call would occur? 

844
00:48:53,700 --> 00:48:56,800
You could reference the sun's 
position but that is different. 

845
00:48:56,800 --> 00:48:59,700
Depending on where you are on 
Earth, you could say Tuesday, 

846
00:48:59,700 --> 00:49:03,700
but when does Tuesday begin in 
each location, you could count 

847
00:49:03,700 --> 00:49:07,000
days from some agreed upon 
starting point, but you would 

848
00:49:07,000 --> 00:49:08,700
need everyone to agree on that 
point. 

849
00:49:08,700 --> 00:49:12,000
First, this is the problem 
ancient cultures face when they 

850
00:49:12,008 --> 00:49:15,300
came into contact with each 
other, Different calendars, 

851
00:49:15,300 --> 00:49:19,900
meant different, temporal 
Frameworks trade, diplomacy and 

852
00:49:19,900 --> 00:49:23,100
warfare all became more 
complicated when you could not 

853
00:49:23,100 --> 00:49:27,100
even agree on what day it was. 
Today you can schedule a meeting

854
00:49:27,108 --> 00:49:31,600
for March 15th at 3 in the 
afternoon and everyone knows 

855
00:49:31,600 --> 00:49:35,300
exactly what you mean give or 
take time zone. 

856
00:49:35,300 --> 00:49:38,200
Differences. 
This works, only because we have

857
00:49:38,200 --> 00:49:41,300
all agreed to use the same 
calendar system for civil 

858
00:49:41,300 --> 00:49:44,400
purposes. 
The coordination problem that 

859
00:49:44,400 --> 00:49:47,400
played ancient civilization has 
been solved through 

860
00:49:47,400 --> 00:49:51,800
standardization. 
But standardization came at a 

861
00:49:51,800 --> 00:49:55,300
cost Regional calendars with 
their local variations and 

862
00:49:55,300 --> 00:49:58,500
cultural significance have 
largely been pushed aside. 

863
00:49:59,400 --> 00:50:02,300
The Chinese calendar is still 
used for traditional festivals 

864
00:50:02,300 --> 00:50:05,700
but official government business
follows the Gregorian calendar. 

865
00:50:06,600 --> 00:50:09,900
The Islamic calendar, determines
religious holidays, but 

866
00:50:09,900 --> 00:50:12,800
international flights and 
business contracts, use Western 

867
00:50:12,800 --> 00:50:16,100
dates. 
We gained coordination but lost 

868
00:50:16,100 --> 00:50:19,400
diversity. 
Calendar systems developed by 

869
00:50:19,400 --> 00:50:22,700
different cultures each 
represented unique solutions. 

870
00:50:22,700 --> 00:50:24,300
To the problem of measuring 
time. 

871
00:50:24,300 --> 00:50:28,800
They reflected local conditions 
cultural values and astronomical

872
00:50:28,800 --> 00:50:32,000
priorities. 
Some emphasize lunar cycles. 

873
00:50:32,000 --> 00:50:36,200
Others focused on solely years. 
A few tried to balance both. 

874
00:50:37,000 --> 00:50:40,300
Some included ritual Cycles 
alongside astronomical ones. 

875
00:50:41,000 --> 00:50:44,200
The Gregorian calendar won, not 
because it is objectively 

876
00:50:44,200 --> 00:50:47,800
superior to all Alternatives, 
but because the cultures that 

877
00:50:47,800 --> 00:50:50,600
used it became economically and 
politically dominant. 

878
00:50:51,700 --> 00:50:54,800
When Europeans colonized much of
the world, they brought their 

879
00:50:54,800 --> 00:50:58,300
calendar with them. 
Local population's had to adopt 

880
00:50:58,300 --> 00:51:01,100
European dates for legal 
economic, and administrative 

881
00:51:01,100 --> 00:51:03,800
purposes. 
Even if they maintained 

882
00:51:03,800 --> 00:51:06,600
traditional calendars for 
personal and religious use. 

883
00:51:07,500 --> 00:51:10,500
This is how you ended up 
checking a Gregorian calendar on

884
00:51:10,500 --> 00:51:14,400
your smartphone, while sitting 
in China, Brazil, Egypt or 

885
00:51:14,400 --> 00:51:17,700
India. 
Calendar is functionally Western

886
00:51:17,700 --> 00:51:21,300
but practically Universal. 
It is the temporal equivalent of

887
00:51:21,308 --> 00:51:25,000
English as an international 
language, not necessarily better

888
00:51:25,000 --> 00:51:27,900
than Alternatives, but 
widespread enough to be useful 

889
00:51:27,900 --> 00:51:30,800
everywhere, Step outside on a 
clear night. 

890
00:51:30,800 --> 00:51:33,700
Give your eyes time to adjust to
the darkness. 

891
00:51:33,700 --> 00:51:37,000
Look up. 
You're seeing almost exactly 

892
00:51:37,000 --> 00:51:38,900
what people saw, 10,000 years 
ago. 

893
00:51:39,800 --> 00:51:42,900
The stars of moved slightly due 
to the precession of Earth's 

894
00:51:42,900 --> 00:51:47,800
axis, but the overall pattern 
remains recognizable, the same 

895
00:51:47,800 --> 00:51:53,200
constellations wheel overhead. 
The moon waxes and Wayne's the 

896
00:51:53,200 --> 00:51:57,300
planets wander against the 
background of fixed Stars, every

897
00:51:57,300 --> 00:52:00,200
person who has ever lived as 
looked up at this same sky. 

898
00:52:01,600 --> 00:52:04,800
The Babylonian astronomer 
recording observations on clay, 

899
00:52:04,800 --> 00:52:08,300
tablets or the Stars, the 
Egyptian farmer watching for the

900
00:52:08,300 --> 00:52:12,500
heliacal rising of serious saw. 
This Moon, the mayor astronomer 

901
00:52:12,500 --> 00:52:14,900
calculating Venus's orbit saw 
these planets. 

902
00:52:14,900 --> 00:52:17,900
They did not understand what 
they were looking at the way you

903
00:52:17,900 --> 00:52:20,000
do. 
They did not know about nuclear 

904
00:52:20,000 --> 00:52:23,600
fusion or gravitational Dynamics
or electromagnetic radiation. 

905
00:52:23,600 --> 00:52:27,500
They did not know that light 
from distant Stars takes years 

906
00:52:27,500 --> 00:52:31,300
or centuries to reach Earth. 
They did not understand that 

907
00:52:31,300 --> 00:52:33,700
they were seeing the past every 
time they looked at the night 

908
00:52:33,700 --> 00:52:36,900
sky. 
But they paid attention, they 

909
00:52:36,900 --> 00:52:39,600
watched carefully. 
They noticed patterns. 

910
00:52:39,600 --> 00:52:44,300
They recorded observations, they
developed systems to explain 

911
00:52:44,300 --> 00:52:47,100
what they saw. 
And those systems worked, well, 

912
00:52:47,100 --> 00:52:50,700
enough to predict future 
astronomical events with 

913
00:52:50,700 --> 00:52:54,500
remarkable accuracy. 
The calendar you use daily is 

914
00:52:54,500 --> 00:52:57,800
built on their work. 
The seven-day week the 12-month 

915
00:52:57,800 --> 00:53:01,800
year the concept of leap years 
the division of day into 24 

916
00:53:01,800 --> 00:53:04,800
hours, all of these structures 
emerged from ancient, 

917
00:53:04,800 --> 00:53:09,000
astronomical observation. 
They were refined over Millennia

918
00:53:09,000 --> 00:53:13,400
adjusted by countless cultures 
and eventually standardized into

919
00:53:13,400 --> 00:53:15,000
the system. 
You now take for granted. 

920
00:53:16,100 --> 00:53:19,000
You're using tools created by 
people who have been dead for 

921
00:53:19,000 --> 00:53:22,300
thousands of years. 
Every time you check the date, 

922
00:53:22,300 --> 00:53:25,700
your participating in a 
tradition that stretches back to

923
00:53:25,700 --> 00:53:29,800
the very beginning of 
civilization. the calendars, one

924
00:53:29,800 --> 00:53:32,500
of Humanity's oldest 
collaborative projects, and it 

925
00:53:32,500 --> 00:53:36,300
is still ongoing Stroman has 
continued to refine their 

926
00:53:36,300 --> 00:53:39,100
measurements. 
They track slight variations in 

927
00:53:39,100 --> 00:53:42,800
Earth, rotation in monitor, the 
procession of the axis, they 

928
00:53:42,800 --> 00:53:46,100
calculate leap seconds to keep 
atomic clocks synchronized with 

929
00:53:46,100 --> 00:53:49,900
Earth, actual rotation. 
The calendar is not finished. 

930
00:53:49,900 --> 00:53:54,100
It is not perfect, it will 
continue to be adjusted as our 

931
00:53:54,100 --> 00:53:55,400
measurements become more 
precise. 

932
00:53:56,300 --> 00:53:59,900
But the fundamental Insight 
remains unchanged by watching 

933
00:53:59,900 --> 00:54:04,000
the sky carefully by recording. 
What we see by looking for 

934
00:54:04,000 --> 00:54:07,800
patterns in apparent Randomness,
we can understand the rhythms of

935
00:54:07,800 --> 00:54:11,200
the cosmos. 
We can predict the future, at 

936
00:54:11,200 --> 00:54:14,200
least in this limited 
astronomical sense, we can 

937
00:54:14,200 --> 00:54:18,000
measure time, organize our lives
around that measurement and 

938
00:54:18,000 --> 00:54:21,000
coordinate with others using 
shared temporal Frameworks. 

939
00:54:21,800 --> 00:54:25,400
This is what the ancient 
stargazers gave us, not just a 

940
00:54:25,400 --> 00:54:27,600
calendar, but a way of 
approaching the unknown. 

941
00:54:27,600 --> 00:54:32,300
Not just dates and months, but a
methodology for finding all 

942
00:54:32,300 --> 00:54:36,100
order and complexity, not just 
seasonal marketers, but 

943
00:54:36,100 --> 00:54:39,100
confident that the Universe 
follows rules, we can discover 

944
00:54:39,100 --> 00:54:43,200
if we are patient and observed 
enough, The next time you glance

945
00:54:43,200 --> 00:54:45,800
at a calendar, remember that. 
You are looking at one of 

946
00:54:45,800 --> 00:54:47,500
Humanity's greatest 
achievements. 

947
00:54:48,600 --> 00:54:51,100
Those 12 boxes filled with 
numbers, represent. 

948
00:54:51,100 --> 00:54:54,600
Thousands of years of careful 
observation, mathematical 

949
00:54:54,600 --> 00:54:59,300
calculation and collaborative 
refinement. every culture that 

950
00:54:59,300 --> 00:55:02,600
developed astronomical knowledge
contributed, something to the 

951
00:55:02,600 --> 00:55:06,300
system, you now use without 
thinking, The ancient 

952
00:55:06,300 --> 00:55:08,800
astronomers would be pleased, 
perhaps to know their work 

953
00:55:08,800 --> 00:55:12,400
continues, they would recognize 
what you are doing, even if they

954
00:55:12,400 --> 00:55:14,100
would be baffled by how you do 
it. 

955
00:55:14,900 --> 00:55:17,800
They would understand that you 
are still in your own way, 

956
00:55:17,800 --> 00:55:20,800
trying to make sense of time and
organize your life around 

957
00:55:20,800 --> 00:55:24,400
Celestial cycles and they might 
encourage you to occasionally 

958
00:55:24,400 --> 00:55:27,200
look up. 
See, the moon with your own eyes

959
00:55:27,200 --> 00:55:31,200
rather than, as an icon, on a 
screen to watch the sunset and 

960
00:55:31,200 --> 00:55:34,900
Mark, where it touches the 
Horizon to find a truly dark 

961
00:55:34,900 --> 00:55:36,400
place. 
And see the Milky Way, 

962
00:55:36,400 --> 00:55:38,400
stretching overhead like it did 
for them. 

963
00:55:39,300 --> 00:55:43,100
Because the sky is still there. 
The patterns still exist, the 

964
00:55:43,100 --> 00:55:46,200
Cycles can continue, the 
calendar works because the 

965
00:55:46,200 --> 00:55:50,000
cosmos is reliable. 
The sun will rise tomorrow, the 

966
00:55:50,000 --> 00:55:53,800
moon will complete its phases. 
The seasons will turn these 

967
00:55:53,800 --> 00:55:56,600
things will happen, regardless 
of whether you notice them, but 

968
00:55:56,600 --> 00:56:01,600
no noticing them, understanding 
them tracking them, that is what

969
00:56:01,600 --> 00:56:05,700
made us human in a new way. 
That is what transformed us from

970
00:56:05,700 --> 00:56:09,600
creatures who merely experience 
time into creatures, who could 

971
00:56:09,600 --> 00:56:14,200
measure it predict it and shape 
our lives around it. 

972
00:56:15,500 --> 00:56:18,200
The ancient stargazers started 
something remarkable when they 

973
00:56:18,200 --> 00:56:20,900
first scratched marks on Bones 
to track the Moon. 

974
00:56:21,800 --> 00:56:25,300
They began a process that has 
continued unbroken for 30,000 

975
00:56:25,300 --> 00:56:27,500
years. 
You are part of that process 

976
00:56:27,500 --> 00:56:31,400
now. every time you make an 
appointment for next week or 

977
00:56:31,400 --> 00:56:34,800
plan a vacation for next summer 
your exercising, a cognitive 

978
00:56:34,800 --> 00:56:38,600
capacity that those early 
observers helped develop They 

979
00:56:38,600 --> 00:56:42,700
looked up at the night sky and 
saw the future not in a mystical

980
00:56:42,700 --> 00:56:45,100
sense. 
But in the Practical realization

981
00:56:45,100 --> 00:56:48,700
that Celestial patterns could be
used to anticipate Earthly 

982
00:56:48,700 --> 00:56:51,700
events. 
They saw that the cosmos follows

983
00:56:51,700 --> 00:56:53,800
rules. 
They worked out some of those 

984
00:56:53,800 --> 00:56:55,700
rules. 
They passed that knowledge 

985
00:56:55,700 --> 00:56:59,300
forward through generations. 
And now you carry, that 

986
00:56:59,300 --> 00:57:02,700
knowledge in your pocket, 
displayed on a screen reduced to

987
00:57:02,700 --> 00:57:06,500
a grid of numbers that tells you
exactly where you are in the 

988
00:57:06,500 --> 00:57:09,000
Eternal cycle of days and months
and years. 

989
00:57:10,100 --> 00:57:12,200
The ancient astronomers would 
call that magic. 

990
00:57:12,200 --> 00:57:16,200
We call it a calendar. 
Both descriptions are true 

991
00:57:16,208 --> 00:57:19,400
sleep. 
Well, the sun will rise tomorrow

992
00:57:19,400 --> 00:57:21,500
just as it always has right on 
schedule. 

993
00:57:22,400 --> 00:57:25,200
We know because someone 
somewhere is keeping track. 

994
00:57:30,200 --> 00:57:33,000
Harry Houdini's Story, begins 
not with Fanfare, but with a 

995
00:57:33,008 --> 00:57:35,300
toddler on a rickety ship Bound 
for America. 

996
00:57:36,100 --> 00:57:39,400
Born, Eric Vice in Budapest on 
March, 24th 1874. 

997
00:57:39,400 --> 00:57:42,300
He was the fourth of seven 
children to a rabbi father and 

998
00:57:42,300 --> 00:57:45,900
his wife, the family emigrated 
to the United States in 1878 

999
00:57:45,900 --> 00:57:49,000
Landing. 
In Wisconsin, young Eric as he 

1000
00:57:49,000 --> 00:57:51,900
was nicknamed grew up on 
Miracles, far less glamorous 

1001
00:57:51,900 --> 00:57:54,400
than Grand Illusions. 
His father, lost his first 

1002
00:57:54,400 --> 00:57:58,500
pulpit in 1882 and the vase 
family fell into dire poverty. 

1003
00:57:58,500 --> 00:58:02,800
Eric a small town boy with 
lofty, aspirations skillfully, 

1004
00:58:02,800 --> 00:58:05,300
juggled his work and survival 
obligations with his early 

1005
00:58:05,300 --> 00:58:09,000
Showbiz, Instincts by age 9. 
He was performing as a trapeze 

1006
00:58:09,000 --> 00:58:12,100
artist and billing himself as 
Eric the prince of the air. 

1007
00:58:12,100 --> 00:58:15,200
In one of many makeshift tent 
shows even as a child. 

1008
00:58:15,200 --> 00:58:17,500
He seemed to understand that 
real Escape was needed. 

1009
00:58:17,500 --> 00:58:21,100
Escaping hunger with shoe 
shining and newspaper arounds 

1010
00:58:21,100 --> 00:58:23,500
and escaping. 
Obscurity by wowing circus 

1011
00:58:23,500 --> 00:58:26,400
crowds the name, who Deanie was 
still years away. 

1012
00:58:26,400 --> 00:58:30,000
Eric Vice spent his early 
lessons running errands for 

1013
00:58:30,008 --> 00:58:31,500
theaters and dabbling in 
gymnastics. 

1014
00:58:32,400 --> 00:58:34,500
At the age of 13. 
Eric, weissen his father 

1015
00:58:34,500 --> 00:58:37,700
relocated to New York City 
settling into a drafty boarding 

1016
00:58:37,700 --> 00:58:41,400
house situated on East 79th. 
Street, he took on any odd, jobs

1017
00:58:41,400 --> 00:58:44,900
available, even working as a 
wild-eyed, carnival Beast, Man. 

1018
00:58:44,900 --> 00:58:49,000
Simply to help his family make 
ends meet A rabbi and Appleton 

1019
00:58:49,000 --> 00:58:51,600
Wisconsin. 
Had once been his father's proud

1020
00:58:51,600 --> 00:58:54,200
position. 
Now the future escape artist was

1021
00:58:54,200 --> 00:58:56,400
dancing on tightropes, for spare
change. 

1022
00:58:57,300 --> 00:59:00,900
By his teens, he was tall and 
sinuous to make an impression 

1023
00:59:00,900 --> 00:59:04,600
and athletic cross-country 
Runner turned Showman. 

1024
00:59:05,400 --> 00:59:09,600
In 1891, Eric tried to turn his 
mechanical skill for locks and 

1025
00:59:09,600 --> 00:59:12,700
chains into a magic career. 
He read the autobiography of 

1026
00:59:12,708 --> 00:59:17,200
French magician, Jean, Roberta, 
and wrongly assumed that adding 

1027
00:59:17,200 --> 00:59:22,500
an I meant like Huda in French. 
Thus, wise, became Vise and Eris

1028
00:59:22,500 --> 00:59:26,600
became Harry Houdini he later 
insisted Harry was in homage to 

1029
00:59:26,600 --> 00:59:30,100
his Idol, Harry kellar, but in 
truth the name who deny mostly 

1030
00:59:30,100 --> 00:59:33,900
came from a childhood nickname 
for Eric This optimistic 

1031
00:59:33,900 --> 00:59:37,500
renaming did not instantly 
conscious success, he and his 

1032
00:59:37,508 --> 00:59:39,900
younger brother, Theo. 
Even formed of wardville act 

1033
00:59:39,900 --> 00:59:42,700
called the brothers who dini, 
which flopped so badly they 

1034
00:59:42,700 --> 00:59:44,700
returned to New York near 
starvation wages. 

1035
00:59:45,600 --> 00:59:48,700
For years who Deanie's career 
was the opposite of spectacular.

1036
00:59:48,700 --> 00:59:52,800
He presented himself as the king
of cards performed in the sleazy

1037
00:59:52,800 --> 00:59:55,200
dime museums. 
His first magic shows were 

1038
00:59:55,200 --> 00:59:57,600
routine parlor tricks that 
rarely paid more than a few 

1039
00:59:57,600 --> 01:00:00,500
dollars per night. 
The couple in their extroverts, 

1040
01:00:00,500 --> 01:00:03,400
various Theatres their pockets 
brimming with talent but 

1041
01:00:03,400 --> 01:00:06,700
depleted by limited funds. 
One moment they were in Chicago 

1042
01:00:06,700 --> 01:00:11,400
at the 1893 World's Fair with 
Hope Diamond Shimmer the next 

1043
01:00:11,400 --> 01:00:13,800
just as quickly. 
They were boxed into an opium 

1044
01:00:13,800 --> 01:00:16,300
denside show the early 20th 
century. 

1045
01:00:16,300 --> 01:00:19,500
Showbiz was a terrifying 
experience, combining elements 

1046
01:00:19,500 --> 01:00:24,300
of starvation and hardship, 
Through those struggles who dini

1047
01:00:24,300 --> 01:00:27,700
learned valuable. 
Lesson confinement in a mess box

1048
01:00:27,700 --> 01:00:30,300
posed, a greater risk than 
imprisonment by creditors. 

1049
01:00:30,300 --> 01:00:33,400
He tinkered with handcuffs and 
shackles in his off-hours 

1050
01:00:33,400 --> 01:00:35,400
convinced their must be a way 
out. 

1051
01:00:35,400 --> 01:00:38,900
Who was Little Wonder given his 
name that he became obsessed 

1052
01:00:38,900 --> 01:00:41,800
with getting out. 
He tested keys in his slimy 

1053
01:00:41,800 --> 01:00:44,200
apartment and studied 
locksmithing using ragged 

1054
01:00:44,200 --> 01:00:47,100
manuals. 
When Houdini first approached a 

1055
01:00:47,100 --> 01:00:49,400
lock one friend would later quip
that lock. 

1056
01:00:49,400 --> 01:00:55,200
Screamed at an SOS by morning. 
By 1894 his wife, best formerly 

1057
01:00:55,200 --> 01:00:58,200
Willamina Rana was relieved, 
that he was making more money as

1058
01:00:58,200 --> 01:01:00,100
a doorman and bouncer than he 
was with his magic. 

1059
01:01:00,100 --> 01:01:03,000
It took a few more years of 
scraping by before anything 

1060
01:01:03,000 --> 01:01:04,800
resembling a big break 
materialized. 

1061
01:01:04,800 --> 01:01:08,200
But let's say, the stage was set
for Houdini to really break out 

1062
01:01:08,200 --> 01:01:12,000
the year. 1889 was Houdini's, 
who Dinah moment he was 

1063
01:01:12,000 --> 01:01:15,000
performing in Saint Paul 
Minnesota, doing the same card 

1064
01:01:15,000 --> 01:01:17,600
tricks and juggling acts that 
had entertained Midwestern 

1065
01:01:17,600 --> 01:01:21,200
saloon's for a decade. 
When fate in the form of 

1066
01:01:21,208 --> 01:01:24,500
Vaudeville manager, Martin Beck 
knocked on his dressing room 

1067
01:01:24,508 --> 01:01:27,000
door. 
Beck was already booking big 

1068
01:01:27,000 --> 01:01:29,900
novelty acts and needed 
something new to wow the 

1069
01:01:29,908 --> 01:01:33,200
audience. 
Houdini demonstrated to Beck his

1070
01:01:33,200 --> 01:01:36,200
preferred distraction technique,
which involved escaping from a 

1071
01:01:36,200 --> 01:01:39,200
pair of prison, handcuffs a 
feat, that would have left, most

1072
01:01:39,200 --> 01:01:42,500
men speechless. 
The normally unflappable back 

1073
01:01:42,500 --> 01:01:45,800
size lit up. 
Stick with those escaped stunts.

1074
01:01:45,800 --> 01:01:48,000
He advised. 
And I'll get you on the Orpheum 

1075
01:01:48,000 --> 01:01:50,500
circuit. 
Within weeks, who deenie was 

1076
01:01:50,500 --> 01:01:52,800
performing at the top wardville 
Halls Across America. 

1077
01:01:52,800 --> 01:01:55,900
The public had suddenly Gone 
Wild for the idea that a man 

1078
01:01:55,900 --> 01:01:58,300
could slip through steel 
restraints, as easily as you 

1079
01:01:58,300 --> 01:02:01,100
slip through airport, security 
and Houdini became their 

1080
01:02:01,100 --> 01:02:03,700
handcuff. 
Who dini He wasn't the first 

1081
01:02:03,700 --> 01:02:07,200
escape artist ever, but he 
invented the concept of Escape 

1082
01:02:07,200 --> 01:02:10,200
Mania. 
Every evening from Saint Paul to

1083
01:02:10,200 --> 01:02:14,100
Chicago, Houdini lived up to his
name by springing, free from 

1084
01:02:14,100 --> 01:02:18,100
County jail cells supplied by 
impressed, local sheriff's tied 

1085
01:02:18,100 --> 01:02:20,700
in leather straps and dipped 
into rivers in wooden crates. 

1086
01:02:20,700 --> 01:02:24,000
He'd emerged minutes later 
dripping but Unchained he was 

1087
01:02:24,000 --> 01:02:25,900
performing Escape. 
That was so physically. 

1088
01:02:25,900 --> 01:02:30,600
Impossible newspaper, Miss York 
and girls fainted one, local 

1089
01:02:30,600 --> 01:02:33,100
paper headlined. 
If I put these cuffs on you'll 

1090
01:02:33,100 --> 01:02:37,100
never escape and who Houdini 
escape anyway asking of the 

1091
01:02:37,108 --> 01:02:40,200
headlines and leaving jailers to
eat another bite of plain donuts

1092
01:02:40,200 --> 01:02:44,500
for supper. 
By the year. 1900 Beckett 

1093
01:02:44,500 --> 01:02:48,700
arranged for Houdini to travel 
abroad, and in London Who deeney

1094
01:02:48,700 --> 01:02:52,300
Rose to even greater Fame in 
England, he encountered a 

1095
01:02:52,300 --> 01:02:55,300
notoriously skeptical, police 
force at Scotland Yard, the 

1096
01:02:55,300 --> 01:02:58,000
initial audition resulted in 
Houdini being restrained, in the

1097
01:02:58,000 --> 01:03:01,300
renowned yards irons and he 
confidently walked out in just 

1098
01:03:01,300 --> 01:03:04,300
five minutes. 
Who Houdini immediately secured 

1099
01:03:04,300 --> 01:03:07,300
a six-month contract at London's
Alhambra theater where he 

1100
01:03:07,300 --> 01:03:10,900
quickly Rose to fame. 
Americans and Brits are, like, 

1101
01:03:10,908 --> 01:03:14,000
Flock to his shows and to 
Houdini this was no illusion, 

1102
01:03:14,000 --> 01:03:18,500
his salary, shot up to 300 
dollars a week, a fortune at the

1103
01:03:18,508 --> 01:03:22,200
time, a young man who wants a 
beans and rice with Stage mates,

1104
01:03:22,200 --> 01:03:25,600
in New York was now presenting 
gold medals to his mother and 

1105
01:03:25,600 --> 01:03:27,700
renting. 
A 25,000 dollar Brownstone in 

1106
01:03:27,700 --> 01:03:33,800
Harlem, by 1904 As a nice bonus 
for poor, Mama wise, he even 

1107
01:03:33,800 --> 01:03:36,500
bought her, our gown rumored to 
have been made for Queen 

1108
01:03:36,500 --> 01:03:38,600
Victoria. 
The proudest, our of the 

1109
01:03:38,608 --> 01:03:43,200
family's history Houdini later 
said, By his mid-20s, who 

1110
01:03:43,200 --> 01:03:45,000
Houdini had largely overcome. 
His poverty. 

1111
01:03:45,000 --> 01:03:48,000
Newspapers began calling him. 
The Handcuff King. 

1112
01:03:48,000 --> 01:03:51,500
Sole a title. 
He wore with pride He was also 

1113
01:03:51,500 --> 01:03:55,200
forthright about his methods. 
Houdini freely admitted to 

1114
01:03:55,208 --> 01:03:58,500
hiding skeleton keys in his 
pockets, tucking bits of wire 

1115
01:03:58,500 --> 01:04:01,100
into his sleeve and 
occasionally, using his teeth to

1116
01:04:01,100 --> 01:04:03,300
pick a lock. 
He was genuinely risking his 

1117
01:04:03,300 --> 01:04:06,400
life to escape from jail cells. 
He studied every handcuff made 

1118
01:04:06,400 --> 01:04:09,100
and had what one locksmith 
friend turned photographic 

1119
01:04:09,100 --> 01:04:12,500
memory for tricky locking 
mechanisms, not that he needed 

1120
01:04:12,500 --> 01:04:16,900
memorization for long as Houdini
dryly noted in his 19-10 book. 

1121
01:04:16,900 --> 01:04:20,400
A simple shoelace Loop could 
open old cuffs almost as cleanly

1122
01:04:20,400 --> 01:04:23,600
as a key. 
Every Newsboy in New York soon. 

1123
01:04:23,600 --> 01:04:26,400
Knew the name who Deanie? 
He discarded. 

1124
01:04:26,400 --> 01:04:29,200
His old card tricks, as easily 
as one with throw away last 

1125
01:04:29,200 --> 01:04:31,800
season shoe polish. 
He was now preoccupied with 

1126
01:04:31,800 --> 01:04:34,500
impossible. 
Escapees nail, riveted packing 

1127
01:04:34,500 --> 01:04:38,200
crates, Straight Jackets, 
Berlin, Police sell turn arounds

1128
01:04:38,200 --> 01:04:41,700
and yes even a man called swim 
in a Chicago River once. 

1129
01:04:42,600 --> 01:04:44,300
Houdini had invited. 
The very police. 

1130
01:04:44,300 --> 01:04:47,500
He was escaping from to hold him
down and watching them fail by 

1131
01:04:47,500 --> 01:04:49,900
midday was the best free 
publicity imaginable. 

1132
01:04:50,900 --> 01:04:53,100
Food near charge for being 
locked up, he probably would 

1133
01:04:53,100 --> 01:04:56,000
have paid off his entire 
contract and stash of cuff keys 

1134
01:04:56,000 --> 01:04:59,900
by 1905. 
The world knew him and it's 

1135
01:04:59,900 --> 01:05:02,600
breathless. 
Newsman wanted more more danger,

1136
01:05:02,600 --> 01:05:05,600
more distant, more Houdini with 
the Handcuff. 

1137
01:05:05,600 --> 01:05:08,500
Tricks safely under his belt, 
who Houdini needed a new way to 

1138
01:05:08,500 --> 01:05:11,600
surprise the world and when it 
came to upping, the ante who 

1139
01:05:11,600 --> 01:05:16,600
Dean was a natural risk taker, 
Around 1908, he retreated from 

1140
01:05:16,600 --> 01:05:20,400
handcuffs in favor of dramatic 
water escapes, the milk can 

1141
01:05:20,400 --> 01:05:22,800
escape his first major liquid 
act involved. 

1142
01:05:22,800 --> 01:05:24,500
Houdini padlocking himself 
inside. 

1143
01:05:24,500 --> 01:05:28,200
A massive milk can filled with 
water and challenging an 

1144
01:05:28,200 --> 01:05:30,400
audience member to seal the top.
Then seconds. 

1145
01:05:30,400 --> 01:05:32,800
Later, he'd pop out like, he'd 
never skip breakfast. 

1146
01:05:32,800 --> 01:05:36,400
The stunt was so successful. 
He took it overseas immediately 

1147
01:05:36,400 --> 01:05:38,800
and crowd members. 
Began betting, whether Houdini 

1148
01:05:38,800 --> 01:05:41,800
would dangle like a drowned 
insect or slip out Victorious. 

1149
01:05:41,800 --> 01:05:46,300
Spoiler who Deanie won every 
time much to the disappointment 

1150
01:05:46,300 --> 01:05:49,200
of the Boeing Skeptics. 
Once the milk can became well, 

1151
01:05:49,200 --> 01:05:52,700
known imitators crept in like 
moths to a flame proof cloth 

1152
01:05:52,700 --> 01:05:56,300
Houdini never want to be outdone
went around building more. 

1153
01:05:56,300 --> 01:05:59,800
Elaborate traps in 1912 he 
unveiled what would become his 

1154
01:05:59,800 --> 01:06:03,000
most infamous gimmick? 
The Chinese water torture cell 

1155
01:06:03,000 --> 01:06:07,200
which Houdini himself preferred 
to call Simply upside down For 

1156
01:06:07,200 --> 01:06:09,300
that purpose. 
He commissioned a custom tank of

1157
01:06:09,300 --> 01:06:12,900
mahogany in Steel. 
With a thick plate glass window 

1158
01:06:12,900 --> 01:06:17,300
and plumbing fixtures in effect 
a giant aquarium on its side, he

1159
01:06:17,300 --> 01:06:20,600
would be spread eagle and 
dropped in headfirst feet. 

1160
01:06:20,600 --> 01:06:24,900
First Eyes Only on the crowd as 
water poured in to film The Cell

1161
01:06:24,900 --> 01:06:27,900
completely every spectator. 
Expected him to drown. 

1162
01:06:28,800 --> 01:06:32,400
Instead Houdini held his breath 
over three minutes. 

1163
01:06:32,400 --> 01:06:36,000
In fact, an unlocked his way out
while completely upside down, 

1164
01:06:36,000 --> 01:06:39,100
the Act was so spectacular that 
audiences Believe The 

1165
01:06:39,100 --> 01:06:42,300
Illusionist had a fish-like 
appearance and it remains one of

1166
01:06:42,308 --> 01:06:44,200
Houdini's greatest triumphs to 
this day. 

1167
01:06:45,200 --> 01:06:49,400
Along with water Feats, Houdini 
delighted in Airbender Bond 

1168
01:06:49,400 --> 01:06:51,800
excavates, No, tall. 
Building was safe. 

1169
01:06:51,800 --> 01:06:54,800
As long as who Deanie was in 
town, one early stuntman in 

1170
01:06:54,800 --> 01:06:57,000
Leeds. 
England, showed him Bound in a 

1171
01:06:57,000 --> 01:07:00,100
straight jacket, and then 
hoisted by his ankles, 200 feet 

1172
01:07:00,100 --> 01:07:03,300
up a crane of the crowd with 
thousands watching he would 

1173
01:07:03,300 --> 01:07:06,200
wiggle free and plain sight. 
A stunt that Drew comparable 

1174
01:07:06,200 --> 01:07:08,800
tickets sales to a Beatles 
concert or Super Bowl today. 

1175
01:07:09,500 --> 01:07:11,900
In New York, police actually 
banned him from dangling from 

1176
01:07:11,900 --> 01:07:14,900
Highwire officers. 
So Houdini chartered a tugboat 

1177
01:07:14,900 --> 01:07:17,200
and performed his packed cabin 
overboard stunts. 

1178
01:07:17,200 --> 01:07:19,400
In the East River, on July, 7th 
1912. 

1179
01:07:20,200 --> 01:07:22,400
They nailed a crate around him, 
sank it. 

1180
01:07:22,400 --> 01:07:25,500
And then, who dini, squeaked 
himself loose underwater before 

1181
01:07:25,500 --> 01:07:27,600
anyone ran to find the phone 
book on how to pronounce 

1182
01:07:27,600 --> 01:07:30,300
subpoena. 
Even death, defying wasn't 

1183
01:07:30,300 --> 01:07:33,600
enough, without death itself. 
Who dini became equally famous 

1184
01:07:33,600 --> 01:07:36,600
for his buried alive. 
Acts will, those performance is 

1185
01:07:36,600 --> 01:07:40,800
even gave him nightmares. 
In a 1915 stunt, he can send it 

1186
01:07:40,800 --> 01:07:44,800
to bury himself under six feet 
of dirt, using only his arms as 

1187
01:07:44,800 --> 01:07:48,000
excavation tools. 
The ground compacted around him 

1188
01:07:48,000 --> 01:07:51,300
halfway down. 
He began clawing rapidly only 

1189
01:07:51,300 --> 01:07:54,100
just managing to break the 
surface before Panic took hold. 

1190
01:07:54,800 --> 01:07:58,600
He emerged in a nearly comical 
jumble of dirty hair and frantic

1191
01:07:58,600 --> 01:08:01,200
apologies, who was rumored 
afterwards that Houdini's? 

1192
01:08:01,200 --> 01:08:04,000
Emergency call was one Houdini 
please no rush. 

1193
01:08:05,000 --> 01:08:07,300
Reporters frequently, 
questioned, whether Houdini was 

1194
01:08:07,308 --> 01:08:10,200
ticklish, what had a sidecar 
attached due to these and other 

1195
01:08:10,208 --> 01:08:12,400
coffin. 
Tricks typically Houdini would 

1196
01:08:12,400 --> 01:08:14,800
joke that the obituary column 
posed, the greatest threat to 

1197
01:08:14,800 --> 01:08:17,200
his life. 
No matter how elaborate the 

1198
01:08:17,200 --> 01:08:21,100
Trap, who Deanie and sited on 
transparency before some tricks,

1199
01:08:21,100 --> 01:08:23,600
he'd even stripped down and 
invite the audience to feel his 

1200
01:08:23,600 --> 01:08:27,500
biceps or punch him in the gut 
proving he had no hidden keys 

1201
01:08:27,500 --> 01:08:31,200
for his straight jacket escapes.
He sometimes will nothing but a 

1202
01:08:31,200 --> 01:08:34,500
g-string in the torture cell he 
made sure everyone saw him 

1203
01:08:34,500 --> 01:08:38,300
chained up through glass. 
One wagged that he had nothing 

1204
01:08:38,300 --> 01:08:41,100
to hide. 
In fact he practically showed 

1205
01:08:41,100 --> 01:08:44,700
everything off stage. 
These tactics built his image as

1206
01:08:44,700 --> 01:08:47,600
a straight shooter or bear 
straight shooter more precisely 

1207
01:08:47,600 --> 01:08:51,399
in a business known for Hocus. 
Pocus journalist lauded him as 

1208
01:08:51,399 --> 01:08:54,200
the only magician who performed 
without the veil of Deceit. 

1209
01:08:54,200 --> 01:08:57,800
Not realizing who denied that 
line himself on a poster? 

1210
01:08:58,700 --> 01:09:01,800
In any case, if Houdini had a 
motto in the trenches of public 

1211
01:09:01,800 --> 01:09:05,100
stunts, it would be, we may 
water board me, but we won't 

1212
01:09:05,100 --> 01:09:07,600
water. 
Skip me, thus, Houdini 

1213
01:09:07,600 --> 01:09:10,500
consistently elevated. 
The standard, and the anxiety of

1214
01:09:10,500 --> 01:09:14,600
ticket holders till Newsboys 
began promoting The Next Houdini

1215
01:09:14,600 --> 01:09:18,100
spectacle by 1914, who Houdini's
signature escapes were polished,

1216
01:09:18,100 --> 01:09:21,500
and Timeless critics noted that,
even his old milk, can act 

1217
01:09:21,500 --> 01:09:22,700
looked different. 
He would. 

1218
01:09:22,707 --> 01:09:25,600
Now sometimes floating iron 
grill inside it, raising the 

1219
01:09:25,600 --> 01:09:28,899
difficulty, Legend has it, who 
denied discarded, the grill 

1220
01:09:28,899 --> 01:09:32,300
later, because the bars looked 
too helpful, like accidentally 

1221
01:09:32,300 --> 01:09:34,700
giving a ladder to someone who 
supposed to be trapped. 

1222
01:09:35,399 --> 01:09:38,700
The torture cell itself. 
Underwent refinements by the end

1223
01:09:38,700 --> 01:09:41,600
of his career, Houdini traveled,
with a spare set of locks 

1224
01:09:41,600 --> 01:09:44,000
chains. 
And even a second sale in case 

1225
01:09:44,000 --> 01:09:48,100
of emergency, imagine yourself 
jammed head first in an iron, 

1226
01:09:48,100 --> 01:09:51,300
coffin of water with no key in a
ticking clock, he liked to say 

1227
01:09:51,300 --> 01:09:53,899
on, posters it bored us on the 
supernatural. 

1228
01:09:55,000 --> 01:09:57,700
The public believed him though 
naturally, no one was ever, 

1229
01:09:57,700 --> 01:09:58,700
quite sure. 
How he did it. 

1230
01:09:59,700 --> 01:10:03,300
Who Dennis sidekick and wife. 
Best often co-starred in a minor

1231
01:10:03,300 --> 01:10:05,500
role during these moments of 
theatrical faith. 

1232
01:10:06,200 --> 01:10:08,100
She handled the props managed 
the timing. 

1233
01:10:08,100 --> 01:10:11,400
And once nearly fainted, when an
assistant accidentally locked 

1234
01:10:11,400 --> 01:10:15,000
her in a safe on stage She 
recovered just long enough to 

1235
01:10:15,000 --> 01:10:17,400
Signal, who Houdini to open it 
afterward. 

1236
01:10:17,400 --> 01:10:21,200
She equipped that if Houdini had
failed, she'd have to update his

1237
01:10:21,200 --> 01:10:26,100
act to The Cremation cell. 
In every incredible stunts, best

1238
01:10:26,100 --> 01:10:29,600
was quietly in the wings. 
The real Houdini often joked 

1239
01:10:29,600 --> 01:10:31,200
that behind every great escape 
artists. 

1240
01:10:31,200 --> 01:10:33,000
There was an even greater stage 
manager. 

1241
01:10:33,800 --> 01:10:36,900
So, while Harry starred in the 
cell of Doom, best was the 

1242
01:10:36,900 --> 01:10:39,400
silent Secretary of magic. 
Making sure. 

1243
01:10:39,400 --> 01:10:41,900
Houdini's solos had a solid on 
core. 

1244
01:10:41,900 --> 01:10:44,700
Houdini stunts had become a 
full-time job of being 

1245
01:10:44,700 --> 01:10:49,000
otherworldly, but the world was 
certainly watching newspapers 

1246
01:10:49,000 --> 01:10:52,800
and fans bellowed impossible at 
every escape, the law 

1247
01:10:52,800 --> 01:10:55,500
enforcement establishment, 
treated him with a mixture of 

1248
01:10:55,500 --> 01:10:58,500
admiration and embarrassment Los
Angeles. 

1249
01:10:58,500 --> 01:11:02,000
Police insisted, he was a humbug
then grudgingly hired him to 

1250
01:11:02,000 --> 01:11:05,200
escape from the LA jail. 
He turned the entire planet's 

1251
01:11:05,200 --> 01:11:09,000
jail system into his toolbox. 
To Houdini these were hard 

1252
01:11:09,000 --> 01:11:10,700
lessons about locks and Human 
Nature. 

1253
01:11:11,600 --> 01:11:14,900
If you bend the rules just a bit
or break, the lock, everyone 

1254
01:11:14,900 --> 01:11:18,000
will ask you to break free next.
It was like the ultimate game of

1255
01:11:18,000 --> 01:11:20,400
tag except who deeney was always
it. 

1256
01:11:20,400 --> 01:11:24,400
And chains were just part of the
catch by the late 1910s, who 

1257
01:11:24,400 --> 01:11:26,100
Dennis name? 
Had International cashier. 

1258
01:11:26,100 --> 01:11:29,400
He was rich and Restless. 
There were no more dime museums 

1259
01:11:29,400 --> 01:11:31,600
in New York, paying him by the 
Bergen fries. 

1260
01:11:31,600 --> 01:11:34,100
Now he entertained, King's and 
commoners. 

1261
01:11:34,900 --> 01:11:38,500
He continued to tour constantly 
in Great Britain, Europe, 

1262
01:11:38,500 --> 01:11:41,100
Russia, and the Netherlands and 
everywhere. 

1263
01:11:41,100 --> 01:11:44,200
He went, Who dini, challenged 
local police to one of his 

1264
01:11:44,200 --> 01:11:48,600
Escape bouts, every city became 
a stage every prison or 

1265
01:11:48,600 --> 01:11:51,300
approving ground. 
In Moscow, for example, he 

1266
01:11:51,300 --> 01:11:53,300
escaped from a boxcar Bound for 
Siberia. 

1267
01:11:53,300 --> 01:11:55,700
The key supposedly was kept at 
the North Pole. 

1268
01:11:56,400 --> 01:12:00,000
With each new country conquered,
he collected souvenirs orders 

1269
01:12:00,000 --> 01:12:02,800
from ministers, official 
certificates of Escape Artistry 

1270
01:12:02,800 --> 01:12:06,300
and sometimes even a lawsuit or 
two, he wants sued a German 

1271
01:12:06,300 --> 01:12:09,000
officer for claiming Houdini 
only escaped by bribery. 

1272
01:12:09,000 --> 01:12:11,700
Who dini. 
Proved the man Wrong, by popping

1273
01:12:11,700 --> 01:12:13,900
open the judges safe with the 
Court's own keys. 

1274
01:12:14,700 --> 01:12:17,300
Newsreels eventually lured. 
Houdini to the movies. 

1275
01:12:17,300 --> 01:12:21,600
He starred in a couple of early 
silent pictures in 1918 to 1919 

1276
01:12:21,600 --> 01:12:25,100
like the master mystery, or he 
beat up a robot and got into a 

1277
01:12:25,100 --> 01:12:27,900
biplane Chase. 
Audiences scratch their heads 

1278
01:12:27,900 --> 01:12:31,000
though, was this an action film 
or a really weird magic show. 

1279
01:12:32,000 --> 01:12:34,900
Ultimately, Houdini found film 
less lucrative than wardville, 

1280
01:12:34,900 --> 01:12:37,300
as he told the press his box 
office. 

1281
01:12:37,300 --> 01:12:39,600
Receipts, beat Hollywood, silent
Charisma. 

1282
01:12:39,600 --> 01:12:41,800
So he returned to live 
audience's. 

1283
01:12:42,900 --> 01:12:46,800
He also had another pioneering 
gig in the skies in 1910. 

1284
01:12:46,800 --> 01:12:49,500
He became the first person to 
Pilot to power their plane in 

1285
01:12:49,500 --> 01:12:52,300
Australia. 
He's lifting off more than just 

1286
01:12:52,300 --> 01:12:54,500
our Spirits, a reporter 
punishing wrote. 

1287
01:12:55,300 --> 01:12:57,700
Houdini was always seeking new 
challenges, whether it was 

1288
01:12:57,700 --> 01:13:02,200
digging through dirt or scaling 
clouds offstage Houdini's, Fame.

1289
01:13:02,200 --> 01:13:04,200
Brought him a celebrity 
lifestyle to match. 

1290
01:13:04,900 --> 01:13:08,100
He joined organizations of 
magicians became president of 

1291
01:13:08,100 --> 01:13:11,900
the Society of American 
Magicians in 1917 and insisted 

1292
01:13:11,900 --> 01:13:13,800
on professionalism among his 
peers. 

1293
01:13:13,800 --> 01:13:20,200
His Harlem, Brownstone at 278 W 
to 113 became a museum of sorts 

1294
01:13:20,200 --> 01:13:23,900
filled with rare tricks, 
mystical Auditors and books on 

1295
01:13:23,900 --> 01:13:26,300
every bit of a cult nonsense, he
wanted to debunk. 

1296
01:13:27,200 --> 01:13:30,300
He bought a snazzy car, and a 
custom line suitcase of locks 

1297
01:13:30,300 --> 01:13:32,700
and picks in humorous Act of 
generosity. 

1298
01:13:32,700 --> 01:13:36,400
He reportedly spent his turns, 
on a ceremonial gown, 

1299
01:13:36,400 --> 01:13:39,600
purportedly tailored for Queen 
Victoria and threw a grand party

1300
01:13:39,600 --> 01:13:42,000
to Showcase. 
Omit all to ensure his 

1301
01:13:42,000 --> 01:13:43,900
impoverished. 
Mother could be the center of 

1302
01:13:43,908 --> 01:13:46,800
attention at the ball. 
That day, we could kill each 

1303
01:13:46,800 --> 01:13:49,600
other laughing who deeney later 
said for once. 

1304
01:13:49,600 --> 01:13:52,600
He had shown up high society and
their jaws at the floor at his 

1305
01:13:52,600 --> 01:13:55,600
wildness. 
Throughout the 1910s, who was 

1306
01:13:55,600 --> 01:13:58,700
touring roughly Like a Rockstar 
by 1920? 

1307
01:13:58,700 --> 01:14:01,500
Who Dinah was earning a salary 
significantly higher than that 

1308
01:14:01,500 --> 01:14:05,500
of an ordinary stage magician. 
People literally travel to a 

1309
01:14:05,500 --> 01:14:08,200
show even coming on. 
Pilgrimage when Houdini arrived 

1310
01:14:08,200 --> 01:14:11,400
in a city, he had realized that 
by turning every performance 

1311
01:14:11,400 --> 01:14:14,400
into the biggest stunt ever. 
He could keep the crowds coming 

1312
01:14:14,400 --> 01:14:17,700
back, so he did. 
And in a way who Deanie had 

1313
01:14:17,700 --> 01:14:20,200
become that Rarity among 
entertainers, a guy who was 

1314
01:14:20,200 --> 01:14:22,200
famous primarily for surviving 
things. 

1315
01:14:23,000 --> 01:14:26,300
Yet, for all the flash, one 
aspect of Houdini's, Persona 

1316
01:14:26,300 --> 01:14:29,700
remained personal even at the 
height of Fame, he was curious 

1317
01:14:29,700 --> 01:14:32,300
almost wistful about the fringes
of existence. 

1318
01:14:32,300 --> 01:14:35,900
He himself once admitted that 
he'd love nothing more than a 

1319
01:14:35,900 --> 01:14:39,800
moments contact Beyond with his 
beloved mother who had died in 

1320
01:14:39,800 --> 01:14:43,900
1913. 
So as 1920s optimism flourished,

1321
01:14:43,900 --> 01:14:48,100
Houdini quietly became the 
Moonlighting skeptic he would 

1322
01:14:48,100 --> 01:14:51,400
attend sales is in secret. 
Take on private investigation of

1323
01:14:51,400 --> 01:14:54,800
mediums and write articles 
exposing the Machinery behind 

1324
01:14:54,800 --> 01:14:58,800
Ghostly tablos. 
In short, he was determined to 

1325
01:14:58,800 --> 01:15:01,300
apply his Escape Artistry to the
spiritual Realm. 

1326
01:15:02,200 --> 01:15:05,100
But first one more leap. 
The biggest one yet was about to

1327
01:15:05,100 --> 01:15:08,200
unfold, even people who thought 
Houdini stunts were Hokum 

1328
01:15:08,200 --> 01:15:10,800
respected that his battles. 
Against phony Spirits were 

1329
01:15:10,800 --> 01:15:15,000
remarkably sincere in contrast 
to other magicians who casually 

1330
01:15:15,000 --> 01:15:17,700
pretended to be mediums on stage
who Deanie had? 

1331
01:15:17,708 --> 01:15:21,100
No desire to deceive. 
By the early 1920s. 

1332
01:15:21,100 --> 01:15:24,700
He had seen too many families 
ruined by con artists calling 

1333
01:15:24,700 --> 01:15:28,100
out from the void. 
On one hand, he was the showman 

1334
01:15:28,100 --> 01:15:31,000
who managed to smuggle himself 
into a floating tank, drowned 

1335
01:15:31,000 --> 01:15:35,000
and miraculously survived. 
On the other hand, he was a 

1336
01:15:35,000 --> 01:15:38,100
grieving, son, having promised 
his mother on her deathbed that,

1337
01:15:38,100 --> 01:15:40,800
if anyone in the family could 
communicate with the dead, he 

1338
01:15:40,800 --> 01:15:44,400
would be the first to test it. 
What transpired was Houdini's, 

1339
01:15:44,400 --> 01:15:48,200
most significant, actor, date. 
He transformed into the Undead's

1340
01:15:48,200 --> 01:15:52,200
most terrifying adversary along 
with his wife Bess and a secret 

1341
01:15:52,200 --> 01:15:54,200
card Ray. 
The most famous being a lady 

1342
01:15:54,208 --> 01:15:56,300
named Rose mackenberg. 
A real life. 

1343
01:15:56,300 --> 01:16:00,000
Ghost detective, who Houdini set
about exposing human leeches. 

1344
01:16:00,000 --> 01:16:03,700
Who claimed to talk to the Dead?
They attended, Sailors 

1345
01:16:03,700 --> 01:16:06,100
undercover. 
Even sabotaging stage. 

1346
01:16:06,100 --> 01:16:07,900
Levitations and phony knocking 
songs. 

1347
01:16:07,900 --> 01:16:10,900
They documented cunning tricks 
like smoked meat. 

1348
01:16:10,900 --> 01:16:13,900
Used to Spur ectoplasm sticky 
bandages. 

1349
01:16:13,900 --> 01:16:16,800
Smuggled up sleeves and hidden 
colluding a compasses. 

1350
01:16:18,400 --> 01:16:20,900
When newspapers of the day ran 
stories of hoodoo. 

1351
01:16:20,900 --> 01:16:23,600
Who'd he often quit that at 
least the ghost stories had 

1352
01:16:23,600 --> 01:16:26,400
actual ghost writers. 
As he could barely find anyone 

1353
01:16:26,400 --> 01:16:29,700
willing to donate even a dime. 
Houdini's fire. 

1354
01:16:29,700 --> 01:16:33,200
For this Crusade came to a 
symbolic climax in 1926 when he 

1355
01:16:33,200 --> 01:16:36,300
testified before Congress. 
It was a rare appearance at the 

1356
01:16:36,300 --> 01:16:39,700
stage a stiff legislative 
hearing room in stead of a 

1357
01:16:39,700 --> 01:16:42,600
wardville theater. 
Houdini accompanied by Senator 

1358
01:16:42,600 --> 01:16:44,700
Arthur Kappa boldly declared 
that. 

1359
01:16:44,700 --> 01:16:46,700
Spiritualism was a complete 
scam. 

1360
01:16:46,700 --> 01:16:49,700
He was not joking. 
He was a magician who had made a

1361
01:16:49,700 --> 01:16:52,600
career out of deceiving death 
and he boldly declared that 

1362
01:16:52,600 --> 01:16:56,200
these mediums should be ashamed.
the society was transfixed 

1363
01:16:56,200 --> 01:17:01,200
newspapers, called it up, raw 
reuse and the Apex of Houdini's,

1364
01:17:01,200 --> 01:17:05,600
anti-spiral Crusade, Even 
supported bills to criminalize 

1365
01:17:05,600 --> 01:17:08,700
fake fortune telling and phony 
spiritual Communications. 

1366
01:17:09,500 --> 01:17:13,000
Observers were aware that he had
previously performed fake sale 

1367
01:17:13,000 --> 01:17:16,300
answers on small, wardville 
stages solely for financial 

1368
01:17:16,300 --> 01:17:19,800
gain. 
But that was a long time ago and

1369
01:17:19,800 --> 01:17:22,100
now the focus was on the psychic
charlatans. 

1370
01:17:22,900 --> 01:17:24,400
He felt a bit of an irony in 
sometimes. 

1371
01:17:24,400 --> 01:17:26,500
Joked. 
I put the ghost in Ghostbusters 

1372
01:17:26,500 --> 01:17:29,700
to audience's in truth. 
This Mission wasn't about 

1373
01:17:29,708 --> 01:17:34,600
laughs, it was deeply personal 
Best and who deeney had agreed 

1374
01:17:34,600 --> 01:17:38,700
on a secret code, Rosa Bell. 
The title of Bessie's, favorite 

1375
01:17:38,700 --> 01:17:41,600
song to confirm, whether Houdini
could truly communicate from the

1376
01:17:41,608 --> 01:17:45,300
other side after his death. 
So far, every message from the 

1377
01:17:45,300 --> 01:17:48,300
spirit world would have been hog
washed to him and him to us. 

1378
01:17:49,400 --> 01:17:52,400
Who wielded his Fame and 
organizational power in more 

1379
01:17:52,400 --> 01:17:56,000
direct ways. 
From 17 to his death Houdini 

1380
01:17:56,000 --> 01:17:59,100
served as the president of the 
magician's Union society of 

1381
01:17:59,100 --> 01:18:02,000
American Magicians. 
Urging his fellow magicians to 

1382
01:18:02,000 --> 01:18:04,900
expose frauds and to avoid 
joining the psychic movement. 

1383
01:18:04,900 --> 01:18:09,000
If a medium dead lecture him, 
who dini would challenge them on

1384
01:18:09,000 --> 01:18:11,700
stage, he famously offered 
10,000 dollars. 

1385
01:18:11,700 --> 01:18:15,400
A small fortune to anyone who 
could perform a real spiritual 

1386
01:18:15,400 --> 01:18:16,700
feet. 
He couldn't explain 

1387
01:18:16,700 --> 01:18:21,100
unsurprisingly, he never wrote 
any checks, he frequently 

1388
01:18:21,100 --> 01:18:23,900
asserted that claiming it was. 
All real was just as unethical 

1389
01:18:23,900 --> 01:18:25,700
as claiming the Titanic was 
Unsinkable. 

1390
01:18:25,700 --> 01:18:27,900
And we all know how that turned 
out. 

1391
01:18:28,800 --> 01:18:31,300
The public found Houdini 
switched to Ghostbuster both 

1392
01:18:31,300 --> 01:18:35,100
fascinating and confusing. 
Here was a man who escaped death

1393
01:18:35,100 --> 01:18:38,700
physically now chasing after 
fake death claims. 

1394
01:18:39,600 --> 01:18:43,000
Some newspapers played along 
Duty reporting every snare he 

1395
01:18:43,000 --> 01:18:45,000
made at so called spiritual 
journalism. 

1396
01:18:45,000 --> 01:18:47,800
Others grumbled. 
The Houdini was murdering market

1397
01:18:47,800 --> 01:18:51,000
share for mediums. 
An editorial openly questioned. 

1398
01:18:51,000 --> 01:18:53,700
Whether Houdini saw himself as a
hero or a villain. 

1399
01:18:54,600 --> 01:18:58,100
Throughout it all who deny never
utilized his magic to solve this

1400
01:18:58,100 --> 01:19:01,300
problem instead, he relied on 
basic sleight of hand. 

1401
01:19:01,300 --> 01:19:02,900
Knowledge and friends are 
intelligent. 

1402
01:19:04,000 --> 01:19:06,700
Houdini maintained a clear 
perspective in a world of 

1403
01:19:06,700 --> 01:19:09,300
Deceit. 
There are tricks in every trade 

1404
01:19:09,300 --> 01:19:12,200
and no one is more greedy than 
those who trade on the Dead. 

1405
01:19:12,900 --> 01:19:16,800
Houdini's Crusade gave him a new
identity, not just Escapist 

1406
01:19:16,800 --> 01:19:20,700
Entertainer but public educator.
He went on lecture tours. 

1407
01:19:20,700 --> 01:19:24,100
Not only on how to break locks 
but also on how to spot a fake 

1408
01:19:24,100 --> 01:19:27,600
mediums tacky gimmicks. 
For instance, he once walked on 

1409
01:19:27,600 --> 01:19:30,800
stage at a big spiritualist 
convention in tears, only to 

1410
01:19:30,800 --> 01:19:33,600
yank off his sham crystal ball 
and show the camera inside. 

1411
01:19:34,400 --> 01:19:37,300
People want Something to Believe
In he'd say, but at least they 

1412
01:19:37,300 --> 01:19:39,200
should know. 
If it's a dollop of egg or an 

1413
01:19:39,200 --> 01:19:41,900
echo of the real thing. 
In these interviews he called 

1414
01:19:41,900 --> 01:19:45,300
charlatans Crooks, and liars. 
And to some he was the very 

1415
01:19:45,300 --> 01:19:48,500
definition of a fanatic. 
However, for many others, 

1416
01:19:48,500 --> 01:19:52,400
particularly The Grieving widows
and widowers, he emerged as an 

1417
01:19:52,400 --> 01:19:56,100
improbable defender of reason. 
He brought in any expert psychic

1418
01:19:56,100 --> 01:19:59,200
or not, who had evidence of the 
afterlife and tested it under 

1419
01:19:59,200 --> 01:20:02,100
harsh light. 
He even brought in trained stage

1420
01:20:02,100 --> 01:20:04,800
hypnotists to test mediums 
claiming trance States. 

1421
01:20:05,600 --> 01:20:08,700
This all culminated in a 
congressional Hearing in 1926 

1422
01:20:08,700 --> 01:20:11,500
after, which Houdini felt 
Vindicated, that at least 

1423
01:20:11,500 --> 01:20:15,000
lawmakers were listening. 
He would brag years later that 

1424
01:20:15,000 --> 01:20:16,900
he had become history. 
His first professional ghost, 

1425
01:20:16,900 --> 01:20:20,100
buster decades, before 
Ghostbusters, hit the pop 

1426
01:20:20,100 --> 01:20:22,800
charts. 
Houdini didn't anticipate, the 

1427
01:20:22,800 --> 01:20:25,100
intense personal button, nature 
of this battle. 

1428
01:20:25,100 --> 01:20:29,300
He unintentionally stirred up 
controversy by becoming both a 

1429
01:20:29,300 --> 01:20:32,100
celebrity investigator, and a 
subject of tabloid curiosity 

1430
01:20:32,100 --> 01:20:34,600
newspapers. 
Reported with relish that 

1431
01:20:34,600 --> 01:20:37,700
Houdini was arrogant, 
unscientific or just plain 

1432
01:20:37,700 --> 01:20:41,000
superstitions, some even claim 
the devil had cursed him at one 

1433
01:20:41,000 --> 01:20:44,200
sale once, Friends from his 
youth saw a change. 

1434
01:20:44,200 --> 01:20:47,700
The man who once joyfully bowed 
to his audiences was now hostile

1435
01:20:47,700 --> 01:20:49,300
toward clothing horses of the 
occult. 

1436
01:20:50,000 --> 01:20:52,500
He argued openly with old 
friends or Arthur Conan Doyle 

1437
01:20:52,500 --> 01:20:55,500
the Sherlock, Holmes author, who
had championed spiritualism, 

1438
01:20:55,500 --> 01:20:59,000
Doyle called Houdini a 
blasphemer for exposing mediums.

1439
01:20:59,000 --> 01:21:01,500
Houdini called Doyle, a fool for
believing them. 

1440
01:21:01,500 --> 01:21:04,200
Their friendship. 
Once built on, mutual respect 

1441
01:21:04,200 --> 01:21:07,400
fractured on fraudulent 
Phantoms, despite the growing 

1442
01:21:07,400 --> 01:21:09,700
friction, who Houdini admitted 
he himself. 

1443
01:21:09,700 --> 01:21:13,100
Wanted a sign that maybe there 
was something Beyond but only if

1444
01:21:13,100 --> 01:21:17,300
it was genuine as president of 
magicians, he asked colleague to

1445
01:21:17,300 --> 01:21:21,200
help craft the ultimate sitting.
Before his first wife's death, 

1446
01:21:21,200 --> 01:21:25,300
they agreed on that secret code.
The early Saints is Houdini and 

1447
01:21:25,308 --> 01:21:28,500
best held on Halloween each 
year, became Legend year, after 

1448
01:21:28,500 --> 01:21:32,600
year, she announced there was no
message every time the telephone

1449
01:21:32,600 --> 01:21:36,200
rang on those nights Houdini's 
heart would skip however, who 

1450
01:21:36,200 --> 01:21:40,900
Dennis final performance in 1926
revealed something about him, a 

1451
01:21:40,900 --> 01:21:43,000
man who had defied every 
possible trick was now 

1452
01:21:43,000 --> 01:21:45,700
anticipating that he would 
approach death like any other 

1453
01:21:45,700 --> 01:21:49,300
Challenge and yet, like, any 
outstanding showman, he would 

1454
01:21:49,300 --> 01:21:52,100
only tell the ending after the 
final curtain who Houdini's 

1455
01:21:52,100 --> 01:21:55,700
distaste for spiritualism? 
Had a consequence True Believers

1456
01:21:55,700 --> 01:21:57,600
in the movement. 
No longer saw who Houdini is the

1457
01:21:57,600 --> 01:21:59,200
gentle? 
Jugular from New York, but 

1458
01:21:59,200 --> 01:22:03,700
rather as a charismatic figure, 
Certain journalists began 

1459
01:22:03,700 --> 01:22:06,800
printing that Houdini had become
a Villain Like an official 

1460
01:22:06,800 --> 01:22:11,000
family exterminator at every 
funeral. some spiritualists 

1461
01:22:11,000 --> 01:22:14,700
leaders took it personally, 
after all Houdini had millions 

1462
01:22:14,700 --> 01:22:20,100
of dollars Fame and a loyal 
following when he exposed their 

1463
01:22:20,100 --> 01:22:23,700
tricks on National radio many 
mediums retaliated by attacking 

1464
01:22:23,700 --> 01:22:26,500
his character. 
Conspiracy-minded, gossip 

1465
01:22:26,500 --> 01:22:29,500
columns suggested who Deanie 
only took on mediums because his

1466
01:22:29,500 --> 01:22:32,800
own psychic powers were weak. 
The irony being of course, that 

1467
01:22:32,800 --> 01:22:36,800
Houdini explicitly denied having
any mystical Powers other than 

1468
01:22:36,800 --> 01:22:39,500
what any talented locksmith and 
beastmen might possess. 

1469
01:22:40,700 --> 01:22:42,100
Sir. 
Arthur Conan Doyle was perhaps 

1470
01:22:42,100 --> 01:22:44,900
the most enraged public figure 
among Houdini's, upset 

1471
01:22:44,900 --> 01:22:49,100
constituency the two men had 
been warm acquaintances Doyle, 

1472
01:22:49,100 --> 01:22:52,700
even participated in ruins in 
Santos with Houdini's mother in 

1473
01:22:52,700 --> 01:22:56,500
1922 until he began mocking 
Doyle's beliefs. 

1474
01:22:57,300 --> 01:23:01,600
Doyle who risked a claim by 
publicly endorsing Spirits felt 

1475
01:23:01,600 --> 01:23:04,800
personally insulted when Houdini
compared metaphysics to a cheap 

1476
01:23:04,800 --> 01:23:08,500
parlor trick, the rift became 
bitter and enduring Doyle 

1477
01:23:08,500 --> 01:23:11,200
persisted in attending Spirit, 
Gatherings and publicly 

1478
01:23:11,200 --> 01:23:13,200
declared. 
Houdini a heretic, even 

1479
01:23:13,200 --> 01:23:15,900
associating him with 
Supernatural curses one, 

1480
01:23:15,900 --> 01:23:19,700
Sensational headline, had it 
evil spirits put curse on Harry.

1481
01:23:19,700 --> 01:23:24,200
Houdini a joke Houdini himself 
read with weary amusement. 

1482
01:23:25,300 --> 01:23:28,700
The Friendship, Never recovered.
And the image of Doyle is True, 

1483
01:23:28,700 --> 01:23:31,400
Believer versus Houdini is the 
ultimate doubter became a 

1484
01:23:31,400 --> 01:23:35,100
literary trope. 
Sherlock Holmes was Houdini had 

1485
01:23:35,100 --> 01:23:37,400
a lovely ring to it. 
The tabloids noted. 

1486
01:23:38,400 --> 01:23:40,700
The feud burden Houdini behind 
the scenes. 

1487
01:23:40,700 --> 01:23:43,400
He often confided in friends 
that he truly wanted 

1488
01:23:43,400 --> 01:23:46,400
spiritualism to be real. 
He had nearly started the ghost,

1489
01:23:46,400 --> 01:23:49,600
wrestling course himself, but 
Doyle's, dogmatism pushed him 

1490
01:23:49,600 --> 01:23:52,000
away. 
Still Houdini channel for 

1491
01:23:52,000 --> 01:23:55,100
frustration into action. 
He had City Newspapers, keep 

1492
01:23:55,100 --> 01:23:57,500
publishing the spiritualist 
victims wanted ads. 

1493
01:23:57,500 --> 01:24:01,000
Disguising himself to get 
invitations, then reported back 

1494
01:24:01,000 --> 01:24:03,700
to the public, the Silly Ways, 
mediums tried to fool them. 

1495
01:24:04,500 --> 01:24:08,100
To Houdini's credit, even when 
he poked fun at sails, theatrics

1496
01:24:08,100 --> 01:24:12,000
often with a tunnel to, he never
got mean spirited, he liked to 

1497
01:24:12,000 --> 01:24:15,500
say, we all need a touching word
after we lose someone, but let's

1498
01:24:15,500 --> 01:24:17,800
make sure our touching words 
aren't glued on by trickery. 

1499
01:24:18,900 --> 01:24:20,800
Not all blowback was public 
debate though. 

1500
01:24:20,800 --> 01:24:24,600
Some of it was deeply personal 
bests who Deanie's wife took the

1501
01:24:24,600 --> 01:24:27,900
brunt of their shared Obsession,
although she supported his 

1502
01:24:27,900 --> 01:24:30,300
Crusade. 
She also desperately yearned for

1503
01:24:30,300 --> 01:24:33,500
any sign from Beyond that would 
indicate her husband was still 

1504
01:24:33,500 --> 01:24:38,900
with her, if he died first Every
Halloween from 1926 onward, best

1505
01:24:38,900 --> 01:24:41,500
sat in darkness, holding 
Houdini's, coffin, key, and 

1506
01:24:41,500 --> 01:24:44,000
singing. 
This secret song Waiting for 

1507
01:24:44,000 --> 01:24:48,500
Roosevelt believed their 
pre-arranged code Year after 

1508
01:24:48,500 --> 01:24:53,300
year, there was no response in 
1936 a decade After the Promise.

1509
01:24:53,300 --> 01:24:56,300
Best publicly declared that 
Houdini had indeed never reached

1510
01:24:56,300 --> 01:24:59,300
out. 
She said 10 years is long enough

1511
01:24:59,300 --> 01:25:03,200
to wait for any man. 
This tearful final Seance made 

1512
01:25:03,200 --> 01:25:06,500
headlines some people wrote it 
off as the end of a gimmick but 

1513
01:25:06,500 --> 01:25:09,400
magicians still holds silence 
sessions at his grave to this 

1514
01:25:09,400 --> 01:25:12,500
day. 
However in 1926 life continued 

1515
01:25:12,500 --> 01:25:15,900
with its usual peculiarities who
Houdini continued touring and 

1516
01:25:15,900 --> 01:25:18,700
lecturing the world, still 
adored the escapists showman on 

1517
01:25:18,700 --> 01:25:21,400
stage. 
Those who knew him could see a 

1518
01:25:21,408 --> 01:25:23,800
seriousness in his eyes. 
That hadn't been there in the 

1519
01:25:23,800 --> 01:25:27,500
old days of card tricks. 
Every new bill for sale once 

1520
01:25:27,500 --> 01:25:30,700
critical lecture and every press
into view about medium, tricks 

1521
01:25:30,700 --> 01:25:34,900
added to an invisible tally, he 
kept in his mind at night, he 

1522
01:25:34,900 --> 01:25:37,300
was said to have had unsettling 
dreams about being restrained or

1523
01:25:37,300 --> 01:25:40,500
drowning nightmares. 
No one could applaud as they did

1524
01:25:40,500 --> 01:25:44,000
his on stage escapades. 
Still every morning. 

1525
01:25:44,000 --> 01:25:46,700
He put on his costume as a 
tabloid publicity photographer 

1526
01:25:46,700 --> 01:25:50,100
and locking enthusiast. 
He joked in private letters. 

1527
01:25:50,900 --> 01:25:54,300
To defeat death is one thing to 
defeat, those who profit from 

1528
01:25:54,300 --> 01:25:57,100
Death. 
Scare tactic is another The 

1529
01:25:57,100 --> 01:26:00,500
public for its part had mixed 
reactions, many admired 

1530
01:26:00,500 --> 01:26:03,900
Houdini's honesty and backed his
legislative efforts some 

1531
01:26:03,900 --> 01:26:06,600
religious newspapers, even 
published his cynical gags. 

1532
01:26:06,600 --> 01:26:08,300
For example, who Houdini wrote 
that. 

1533
01:26:08,300 --> 01:26:11,300
If fireflies came out, only 
after someone died people would 

1534
01:26:11,300 --> 01:26:15,600
buy electric lights and mediums.
But a portion of fans felt 

1535
01:26:15,600 --> 01:26:19,400
mildly betrayed after cheering 
him in Applause lines for years.

1536
01:26:19,400 --> 01:26:22,700
A few older admirers were 
puzzled at seeing his name on 

1537
01:26:22,700 --> 01:26:26,100
expose of their favorite. 
Mediums magician colleague's 

1538
01:26:26,100 --> 01:26:29,100
either applauded his Integrity 
or grumbled that he was 

1539
01:26:29,100 --> 01:26:32,800
attracting too much controversy.
Societies magazines, began 

1540
01:26:32,800 --> 01:26:35,100
publishing articles, such as 
Houdini slaves. 

1541
01:26:35,100 --> 01:26:38,300
Fairy photos and home's 
Creator's ties with Houdini, 

1542
01:26:38,300 --> 01:26:40,900
which gave the public the 
impression that he was a 

1543
01:26:40,900 --> 01:26:44,600
magician turned cop. 
Even who is own press agents had

1544
01:26:44,600 --> 01:26:47,100
to scramble. 
They shifted headlines from 

1545
01:26:47,100 --> 01:26:50,100
Houdini's wild rides to 
Houdini's wild sites. 

1546
01:26:50,100 --> 01:26:54,300
Where wild here meant decidedly 
unimpressive magic without see 

1547
01:26:54,300 --> 01:26:56,900
through trickery. 
Some days, he waved off the dust

1548
01:26:56,900 --> 01:27:00,400
UPS by announcing a new escape 
challenge, like, dangling from a

1549
01:27:00,400 --> 01:27:03,800
plane. 
And the media happily obliged on

1550
01:27:03,800 --> 01:27:06,000
other days. 
Scribers would ask him if his 

1551
01:27:06,000 --> 01:27:08,400
fight against ghostly is meant 
he now believed only in himself 

1552
01:27:08,400 --> 01:27:12,300
Houdini would laugh and say if 
you can survive being locked in 

1553
01:27:12,300 --> 01:27:15,400
a safe and then thrown from a 
plane, the only thing you're 

1554
01:27:15,400 --> 01:27:19,200
sure of is gravity. 
Despite everything who DNA 

1555
01:27:19,200 --> 01:27:21,200
appeared to accept the 
consequences there was the 

1556
01:27:21,200 --> 01:27:23,300
nature of a showman to feed on 
attention after all. 

1557
01:27:23,300 --> 01:27:26,700
And nothing attracted headlines,
like Houdini versus the Unseen 

1558
01:27:26,700 --> 01:27:29,000
World. 
Still, he knew his legacy was 

1559
01:27:29,000 --> 01:27:32,200
shifting. he wrote later that he
wanted to be remembered, not for

1560
01:27:32,200 --> 01:27:37,400
tricks or big muscles, but for 
fighting Scams in his heart, he 

1561
01:27:37,400 --> 01:27:39,700
hoped people would credit him 
with something deeper in. 

1562
01:27:40,600 --> 01:27:42,900
Than just a thousand straight 
jacket escapes. 

1563
01:27:44,100 --> 01:27:47,400
As the critics neared and the 
spiritualist hissed, Houdini 

1564
01:27:47,400 --> 01:27:50,000
honed his wit and pick locks to 
determined, to end this act. 

1565
01:27:50,000 --> 01:27:53,500
According to his own terms, the 
Final Act of Houdini's life 

1566
01:27:53,500 --> 01:27:56,800
unfolded, like a scripted 
nightmare of his own on October 

1567
01:27:56,800 --> 01:28:00,500
9th. 1926 before forming, an 
Albany New York, he injured his 

1568
01:28:00,500 --> 01:28:03,400
ankle during a trick, a 
reminder, that even a Superman 

1569
01:28:03,400 --> 01:28:05,900
has the limits. 
He hobbled through shows until 

1570
01:28:05,900 --> 01:28:09,200
doctors advised rest. 
But who Deanie ever proud to 

1571
01:28:09,200 --> 01:28:12,000
deliver the show? 
Shrugged it off saying a broken 

1572
01:28:12,000 --> 01:28:13,800
ankle is not going to stop 
Houdini. 

1573
01:28:17,000 --> 01:28:21,500
Then came Halloween. 1926 is 
Prelude, while resting in 

1574
01:28:21,500 --> 01:28:25,200
Montreal on October the 22nd. 
After a lecture, a member of the

1575
01:28:25,208 --> 01:28:27,700
audience. 
A punch loving medical student 

1576
01:28:27,700 --> 01:28:31,600
asked Houdini if he was as tough
as Rumours knocked. 

1577
01:28:31,600 --> 01:28:34,100
Me out, if you can Houdini joked
the student. 

1578
01:28:34,100 --> 01:28:37,500
Dr. J Gordon. 
Whitehead, obliged with a series

1579
01:28:37,500 --> 01:28:39,400
of Swift. 
Blows to Houdini's stomach, 

1580
01:28:39,400 --> 01:28:41,800
Landing several before. 
Harry could tense up. 

1581
01:28:42,500 --> 01:28:46,100
Houdini gasp but laughed it off.
He called it a fun experiment 

1582
01:28:46,100 --> 01:28:49,300
telling reporters later, he'd 
felt nothing but an empty pain. 

1583
01:28:50,300 --> 01:28:53,200
That evening, he boarded a train
for Detroit, attributing the 

1584
01:28:53,200 --> 01:28:56,300
discomfort in his gut to that 
playful punch in his stubborn 

1585
01:28:56,300 --> 01:29:00,300
foot. 
On October the 24th who Danish 

1586
01:29:00,300 --> 01:29:02,800
show in Detroit began with an 
uncharacteristically. 

1587
01:29:02,800 --> 01:29:06,100
Slow start. 
He complained of cramps and cold

1588
01:29:06,100 --> 01:29:09,200
sweats after a late night 
performance, which he insisted 

1589
01:29:09,200 --> 01:29:12,200
on doing, despite temperatures 
spiking to 104 degrees 

1590
01:29:12,200 --> 01:29:16,100
Fahrenheit in his dressing room.
He collapsed backstage a doctor 

1591
01:29:16,100 --> 01:29:19,600
diagnosed acute, appendicitis 
and urge immediate surgery who 

1592
01:29:19,600 --> 01:29:22,100
Deneen known for Pep talking as 
body reportedly. 

1593
01:29:22,100 --> 01:29:26,000
Grinned and said, I'll do this 
show if it's my last but by 6 

1594
01:29:26,000 --> 01:29:29,600
a.m. he could no longer delay. 
Houdini was rushed into surgery.

1595
01:29:29,600 --> 01:29:33,000
The appendectomy revealed a 
ruptured appendix had sent 

1596
01:29:33,000 --> 01:29:36,200
infection peritonitis coursing 
through his abdomen. 

1597
01:29:36,700 --> 01:29:39,900
The Great Houdini now fought for
his life with novelty anti 

1598
01:29:39,900 --> 01:29:43,300
serums and multiple operations. 
But The Escape Artist metaphor. 

1599
01:29:43,300 --> 01:29:47,100
He couldn't outmaneuver. 
On October the 31st, 1926 

1600
01:29:47,100 --> 01:29:51,500
Halloween, he finally. 
Passed away a 52 year old man 

1601
01:29:51,500 --> 01:29:53,400
who had Brave death for our 
entertainment. 

1602
01:29:54,400 --> 01:29:56,700
His often reported. 
Final words were hushed. 

1603
01:29:56,700 --> 01:30:01,700
I'm tired of fighting the world 
was stunned, newspapers. 

1604
01:30:01,700 --> 01:30:05,300
Published gloomy headlines. 
The master of escapes had 

1605
01:30:05,300 --> 01:30:08,400
vanished possibly due to a 
cunning move or stroke of fate. 

1606
01:30:09,200 --> 01:30:12,000
The official cause listed was 
peritonitis from a ruptured 

1607
01:30:12,000 --> 01:30:15,800
appendix, but already the legend
of who Deanie needed an even 

1608
01:30:15,800 --> 01:30:19,400
more spectacular finale. 
Many whispered that the friendly

1609
01:30:19,400 --> 01:30:23,900
jab in Montreal had been more 
serious than who deeney let on A

1610
01:30:23,900 --> 01:30:26,700
few doctors of the are indeed 
speculated that whiteheads blows

1611
01:30:26,700 --> 01:30:29,600
had caused the appendix to burst
While others are argued. 

1612
01:30:29,600 --> 01:30:31,000
The situation was mere 
coincidence. 

1613
01:30:32,200 --> 01:30:34,300
The truth remains something will
never fully know. 

1614
01:30:34,300 --> 01:30:36,800
Even some Modern medical 
journals debate. 

1615
01:30:36,800 --> 01:30:39,400
How often barely trauma are 
actually causes a petite. 

1616
01:30:39,400 --> 01:30:42,700
We do know this, the surgeon 
discovered, no abnormalities 

1617
01:30:42,700 --> 01:30:45,200
apart from the spread of 
infection and who Houdini's, 

1618
01:30:45,200 --> 01:30:47,800
family discreetly maintained at 
us, that it was merely a tragic 

1619
01:30:47,800 --> 01:30:50,700
accident. 
But for the public, the timing 

1620
01:30:50,700 --> 01:30:53,200
felt Eerie the man who spent his
life. 

1621
01:30:53,200 --> 01:30:56,700
Escaping death had been tricked 
by our one natural enemy. 

1622
01:30:57,400 --> 01:31:01,000
Time Millions turned out to 
silently, imagine who Deanie's 

1623
01:31:01,000 --> 01:31:03,800
version of the last greatest 
escape on that, dark Halloween. 

1624
01:31:04,800 --> 01:31:07,300
Biographers later noted it as a 
poetic. 

1625
01:31:07,300 --> 01:31:11,300
If tragic symmetry Houdini's, 
final moment occurred on the 

1626
01:31:11,300 --> 01:31:14,900
night of spirits while doctors 
tended, his body who Dennis 

1627
01:31:14,900 --> 01:31:17,700
mind, reportedly raced to that 
final promise, he'd made to 

1628
01:31:17,700 --> 01:31:20,000
best. 
Between operations in his 

1629
01:31:20,000 --> 01:31:23,500
hospital bed, who dini mumbled 
the code rosebel believed 

1630
01:31:23,500 --> 01:31:26,700
fervently hoping for a response 
alas. 

1631
01:31:26,700 --> 01:31:29,600
He never came through. 
In fact, by some reports he 

1632
01:31:29,600 --> 01:31:32,600
asked for his notebook to jot 
down any bizarre occurrences as 

1633
01:31:32,600 --> 01:31:35,000
though expecting us the ghostly 
Penn to answer him. 

1634
01:31:36,200 --> 01:31:39,300
On November 1st, under the watch
of his stunned wife and two 

1635
01:31:39,300 --> 01:31:42,000
brothers who Houdini let go of 
his mortal frame. 

1636
01:31:42,800 --> 01:31:45,700
The world lost, not just an 
escape artist but a showman who 

1637
01:31:45,700 --> 01:31:48,800
had always insisted on reality, 
the news of his death 

1638
01:31:48,800 --> 01:31:52,300
disseminated swiftly, akin to 
Wild smoke emanating. 

1639
01:31:52,300 --> 01:31:56,600
From a fog machine movie houses 
dimmed lights, theater's held 

1640
01:31:56,600 --> 01:32:00,600
brief Memorial shows across the 
globe, magicians, knelt severing

1641
01:32:00,600 --> 01:32:03,700
a straight jacket on stage and 
observing a moment of silence. 

1642
01:32:03,700 --> 01:32:07,500
Indeed, Houdini had vanished 
from the realm of Life, leaving 

1643
01:32:07,500 --> 01:32:09,200
a legacy of unresolved 
Mysteries. 

1644
01:32:09,200 --> 01:32:12,900
Did his last heroic act lie in 
hunting out any phony, mediums 

1645
01:32:12,900 --> 01:32:16,000
or in proving that even the 
greatest man must someday given 

1646
01:32:16,000 --> 01:32:18,400
to fate. 
That remained a question for the

1647
01:32:18,400 --> 01:32:21,400
midnight philosophers. 
We are aware of how people 

1648
01:32:21,400 --> 01:32:25,400
remember him. 
As promised best held one, final

1649
01:32:25,400 --> 01:32:29,100
Seance, a decade later. 
And on Halloween 1936, she 

1650
01:32:29,100 --> 01:32:31,000
declared Houdini did not come 
through. 

1651
01:32:32,400 --> 01:32:35,700
Every year on that date magician
still gather at his grave site 

1652
01:32:35,700 --> 01:32:39,400
or when the city says, no gather
elsewhere to honor, the 

1653
01:32:39,400 --> 01:32:42,900
legendary Escapist, they close 
their eyes, they whisper the 

1654
01:32:42,908 --> 01:32:45,700
secret song, and whether a 
breeze stars or not, they say it

1655
01:32:45,700 --> 01:32:48,400
in unison. 
Roosevelt believe. 

1656
01:32:50,100 --> 01:32:54,900
It's tradition part. 
Tribute part hope Houdini 

1657
01:32:54,900 --> 01:32:56,500
himself would like to be amused 
by all. 

1658
01:32:56,500 --> 01:32:59,700
Perhaps, making one last 
wonderful escape with a slide in

1659
01:32:59,700 --> 01:33:02,900
for nearly three centuries. 
We have never really known how 

1660
01:33:02,900 --> 01:33:05,700
he pulled most of his tricks off
and perhaps that mystery is 

1661
01:33:05,708 --> 01:33:07,900
fitting. 
Who deeney left? 

1662
01:33:07,900 --> 01:33:11,000
No key to the afterlife behind. 
Only the legend of his Earthly 

1663
01:33:11,000 --> 01:33:13,800
feats. 
He remains a figure who cheated 

1664
01:33:13,800 --> 01:33:16,500
the Grim Reaper on stage time 
and again, and who wrote in 

1665
01:33:16,500 --> 01:33:19,100
effect and obituary for 
mediocrity, every time he won. 

1666
01:33:20,100 --> 01:33:22,600
The individual who had 
experienced life in a unique 

1667
01:33:22,600 --> 01:33:25,000
way, imparted a final lesson to 
us. 

1668
01:33:25,000 --> 01:33:28,800
Sometimes the greatest Escape is
not from chains or water, but 

1669
01:33:28,800 --> 01:33:37,400
from the ordinary, You open your
eyes Before, Dawn. 

1670
01:33:37,400 --> 01:33:41,300
And the first thing you notice 
is how quiet everything is not 

1671
01:33:41,300 --> 01:33:44,900
silent. 
Egypt is never truly silent, but

1672
01:33:44,900 --> 01:33:47,900
hushed in that particular way, 
that happens when an entire 

1673
01:33:47,900 --> 01:33:50,400
Palace is holding. 
Its breath waiting for you to 

1674
01:33:50,400 --> 01:33:53,900
wake up somewhere beyond your 
bed chamber, you can hear the 

1675
01:33:53,900 --> 01:33:57,800
distant sound of water being 
poured, the soft padding of bare

1676
01:33:57,800 --> 01:34:01,100
feet on Limestone floors and the
gentle rustle of linen. 

1677
01:34:01,100 --> 01:34:04,100
A servants prepare for your day,
but none of them will enter 

1678
01:34:04,100 --> 01:34:05,800
until you signal that you're 
ready. 

1679
01:34:06,700 --> 01:34:10,600
Being a God, has its perks. 
And previously Before Sunrise is

1680
01:34:10,600 --> 01:34:14,100
one of the bed beneath you a 
surprisingly comfortable for 

1681
01:34:14,100 --> 01:34:15,600
something? 
That looks like it was designed 

1682
01:34:15,600 --> 01:34:17,400
by someone? 
Who'd, never actually slept 

1683
01:34:17,400 --> 01:34:19,500
before. 
It's a wooden frame with a 

1684
01:34:19,508 --> 01:34:23,200
football carved to look like 
protective Spirits, part lion 

1685
01:34:23,200 --> 01:34:26,100
part something else entirely 
that, you're not entirely sure 

1686
01:34:26,100 --> 01:34:28,500
about but the Artisan seemed 
confident. 

1687
01:34:28,500 --> 01:34:31,200
So you went with it. 
The mattress is woven Reed, 

1688
01:34:31,200 --> 01:34:34,300
covered with linen sheets that 
somehow stay cool even in the 

1689
01:34:34,300 --> 01:34:37,800
Egyptian Heat. 
Your headrest, a curved piece of

1690
01:34:37,808 --> 01:34:41,600
wood that cradles your neck has 
taken some getting used to over 

1691
01:34:41,600 --> 01:34:44,700
the years when you were younger 
you thought it was a torture 

1692
01:34:44,700 --> 01:34:48,300
device disguised as Furniture. 
Now, you can't sleep without it.

1693
01:34:48,300 --> 01:34:52,300
The room smells like myrrh and 
frankincense from the sensors 

1694
01:34:52,300 --> 01:34:56,100
that burn through the night 
mixed with the peculiar scent of

1695
01:34:56,100 --> 01:34:58,400
Old Stone. 
That permeates every building in

1696
01:34:58,400 --> 01:35:03,200
Egypt, it's not unpleasant. 
Actually it's become so familiar

1697
01:35:03,200 --> 01:35:06,800
that you find it comforting like
the smell of rain to someone who

1698
01:35:06,808 --> 01:35:10,100
grew up in a wetter climate 
through the highway Windows, you

1699
01:35:10,100 --> 01:35:12,800
can see the sky turning from 
black to Deep Blue. 

1700
01:35:13,500 --> 01:35:16,700
That particular shade that only 
exists for about 15 minutes, 

1701
01:35:16,700 --> 01:35:20,200
each morning before the sun 
decides to make its dramatic 

1702
01:35:20,200 --> 01:35:24,300
entrance, you sit up slowly 
because even Pharaoh's need a 

1703
01:35:24,300 --> 01:35:27,800
moment to let their backs adjust
after line down all night, the 

1704
01:35:27,800 --> 01:35:31,100
gold and Lapis, Lazuli Patrol, 
you ought to bed, you'll never 

1705
01:35:31,100 --> 01:35:34,600
completely unadorned, even in 
sleep catches, the pre-dawn 

1706
01:35:34,600 --> 01:35:37,200
light and throws. 
Tiny blue stars across the wall.

1707
01:35:37,200 --> 01:35:41,200
It's one of your favorites. 
Actually, less ostentatious than

1708
01:35:41,200 --> 01:35:44,300
some of the ceremonial pieces, 
but beautiful in a way that 

1709
01:35:44,300 --> 01:35:45,900
doesn't scream. 
Look at me. 

1710
01:35:45,900 --> 01:35:50,200
I'm incredibly important and 
wealthy. it just Whispers it 

1711
01:35:50,200 --> 01:35:55,100
politely there's a gentle cough 
from Beyond the Door, not an 

1712
01:35:55,100 --> 01:35:57,500
impatient cough because nobody 
in their right mind would cough 

1713
01:35:57,500 --> 01:36:00,500
impatiently at a pharaoh. 
But a we're ready when you are 

1714
01:36:00,500 --> 01:36:04,300
but also the sun waits for no 
one kind of cough you call out 

1715
01:36:04,300 --> 01:36:07,400
that you're awake and the door 
opens to admit a small 

1716
01:36:07,400 --> 01:36:10,600
procession of people whose 
entire job is to make sure you 

1717
01:36:10,600 --> 01:36:13,800
don't have to dress yourself. 
Leading them is Ammon Hotel. 

1718
01:36:13,800 --> 01:36:16,900
Your chief steward, who has 
perfected, the art of looking 

1719
01:36:16,900 --> 01:36:19,700
simultaneously alert and Serene 
at an hour. 

1720
01:36:19,700 --> 01:36:22,000
When most people look like 
they've been hit with a brick, 

1721
01:36:22,000 --> 01:36:26,000
the purification ritual happens 
first before you can eat or 

1722
01:36:26,000 --> 01:36:28,900
drink or do anything else, 
because you can't very well 

1723
01:36:28,900 --> 01:36:31,200
commune with the gods while. 
Smelling like you've been asleep

1724
01:36:31,200 --> 01:36:33,800
for eight hours. 
Two priests Center carrying 

1725
01:36:33,800 --> 01:36:37,200
Alabaster jars of water drawn, 
from the Nile at a sacred spot 

1726
01:36:37,200 --> 01:36:40,900
Upstream. 
The water is cool and clean and 

1727
01:36:40,900 --> 01:36:44,200
they pour it over your hands and
feet while reciting prayers that

1728
01:36:44,200 --> 01:36:47,000
you've heard so many times you 
could recite them backwards 

1729
01:36:47,000 --> 01:36:50,600
probably shouldn't mention that.
You want tried doing exactly 

1730
01:36:50,600 --> 01:36:53,900
that during a particularly 
boring ceremony when you were 

1731
01:36:53,900 --> 01:36:57,100
13. 
Your high priest wasn't amused. 

1732
01:36:57,100 --> 01:37:01,500
The washing is methodical and 
strangely peaceful one, priest 

1733
01:37:01,500 --> 01:37:05,000
focuses on your right side, the 
other on your left, moving in 

1734
01:37:05,000 --> 01:37:07,600
perfect synchronization. 
Like they've been practicing 

1735
01:37:07,600 --> 01:37:11,100
this routine for years. 
Which, of course they have. 

1736
01:37:11,100 --> 01:37:14,800
Water runs over your skin and 
collects in a bronze bass and 

1737
01:37:14,800 --> 01:37:17,600
beneath your feet. 
Carrying away the night and 

1738
01:37:17,600 --> 01:37:21,100
symbolically at least any 
impurities that might have 

1739
01:37:21,100 --> 01:37:25,000
accumulated while you slept, you
watch ripples form in the Basin 

1740
01:37:25,000 --> 01:37:28,300
and think about how the Nile 
itself must be going through its

1741
01:37:28,300 --> 01:37:31,200
own morning. 
Routines, Downstream preparing 

1742
01:37:31,200 --> 01:37:34,100
for another day of keeping 
millions of people alive. 

1743
01:37:35,000 --> 01:37:37,700
Next comes the anointing with 
oils. 

1744
01:37:37,700 --> 01:37:41,500
These aren't your everyday oils.
Nobody's rubbing you down with 

1745
01:37:41,500 --> 01:37:43,700
whatever they used to keep door 
hinges from squeaking. 

1746
01:37:43,700 --> 01:37:48,800
These are sacred oils, expensive
oils oils that had to be 

1747
01:37:48,808 --> 01:37:52,500
imported from places so far away
that the merchants who brought 

1748
01:37:52,500 --> 01:37:55,700
them spent months traveling 
through deserts and across Seas.

1749
01:37:55,700 --> 01:37:59,600
The chief oil is Merrick mixed 
with Cinema and something floral

1750
01:37:59,600 --> 01:38:01,200
that you can never quite 
identify. 

1751
01:38:01,200 --> 01:38:03,300
But smells like, what you 
imagine? 

1752
01:38:03,300 --> 01:38:06,600
The gods Garden would smell like
if God's needed, Guardians the 

1753
01:38:06,600 --> 01:38:10,300
priest applies the oil to your 
forehead, first drawing symbols,

1754
01:38:10,300 --> 01:38:13,100
you can't see, but can feel in 
the patterns, his fingers, make 

1755
01:38:13,100 --> 01:38:16,800
then your chest your arms and 
your feet. 

1756
01:38:17,900 --> 01:38:21,600
The oil soaks in slowly leaving 
your skin gleaming in the 

1757
01:38:21,600 --> 01:38:25,100
Lamplight, you smell like a 
temple now which is appropriate,

1758
01:38:25,100 --> 01:38:28,100
considering you're about to 
become the primary link between 

1759
01:38:28,100 --> 01:38:30,700
Egypt, and every God whose 
paying attention this morning. 

1760
01:38:32,200 --> 01:38:35,500
The dressing process is its own 
kind of ritual first. 

1761
01:38:35,500 --> 01:38:39,300
The linen killed. 
Not just any linen but Royal 

1762
01:38:39,300 --> 01:38:42,100
linen woven. 
So finally you can barely feel 

1763
01:38:42,100 --> 01:38:45,100
it against your skin. 
It's pleated within an inch of 

1764
01:38:45,100 --> 01:38:47,600
its life. 
Each fold sharp enough to cut 

1765
01:38:47,600 --> 01:38:50,900
Papyrus and it's held in place 
with a belt that weighs 

1766
01:38:50,900 --> 01:38:52,700
approximately as much as a small
cat. 

1767
01:38:52,700 --> 01:38:55,400
The belt is gold because of 
course it is. 

1768
01:38:55,400 --> 01:38:59,300
Inlaid with semi-precious stones
arranged in patterns that tell 

1769
01:38:59,300 --> 01:39:02,800
stories about your Divine Right 
To Rule and your ancestors 

1770
01:39:02,800 --> 01:39:05,900
Divine Right To Rule and 
basically everyone in your 

1771
01:39:05,908 --> 01:39:08,900
family's divine right to do 
whatever they want. 

1772
01:39:08,900 --> 01:39:11,800
Then the color. 
This is where things get 

1773
01:39:11,800 --> 01:39:13,000
serious. 
Wait wise. 

1774
01:39:13,000 --> 01:39:17,700
The broad color is a masterpiece
of goldsmithing rows upon rows 

1775
01:39:17,700 --> 01:39:21,700
of gold Carnelian, turquoise and
Lapis, Lazuli beads strung 

1776
01:39:21,700 --> 01:39:25,100
together to create something 
that's part jewelry, part armor 

1777
01:39:25,100 --> 01:39:29,000
and part statement piece that 
says, yes, I could buy your 

1778
01:39:29,000 --> 01:39:31,900
entire village with what I'm 
wearing around my neck. 

1779
01:39:31,900 --> 01:39:36,200
It settles onto your shoulders 
with a familiar, heavy nests new

1780
01:39:36,200 --> 01:39:38,600
automatically straighten. 
Your posture to compensate. 

1781
01:39:38,600 --> 01:39:41,400
You've been wearing these 
collars since you were crowned 

1782
01:39:41,400 --> 01:39:43,900
and you've developed neck 
muscles, that could probably 

1783
01:39:43,900 --> 01:39:48,000
support a small building. 
The crown comes last, not the 

1784
01:39:48,000 --> 01:39:50,400
elaborate double crown, you'll 
wear for major ceremonies. 

1785
01:39:50,400 --> 01:39:53,300
That thing requires its own 
support staff, and gives you a 

1786
01:39:53,300 --> 01:39:56,600
headache after about 20 minutes.
But the simple nemes headdress 

1787
01:39:57,800 --> 01:40:00,500
Striped linen cloth that frames 
your face and makes you 

1788
01:40:00,500 --> 01:40:03,100
instantly recognizable as 
Pharaoh. 

1789
01:40:03,100 --> 01:40:07,100
It's surprisingly, practical 
actually keeps the sun off your 

1790
01:40:07,100 --> 01:40:10,400
head, keeps your hair out of 
your face and look sufficiently 

1791
01:40:10,400 --> 01:40:12,400
impressive. 
That people remember their, in 

1792
01:40:12,400 --> 01:40:16,200
the presence of royalty. 
Finally they hand you the crook 

1793
01:40:16,200 --> 01:40:18,200
and flail. 
These are your symbols of 

1794
01:40:18,208 --> 01:40:21,300
kingship, the tools that Mark 
you as both Shepherd and Warrior

1795
01:40:21,300 --> 01:40:25,100
of Egypt, the crook is hooked at
the top symbolizing, your role 

1796
01:40:25,100 --> 01:40:28,200
in guiding your people. 
The flail is a kind of whip 

1797
01:40:28,200 --> 01:40:31,600
thing that honestly serves no 
practical purpose, but looks 

1798
01:40:31,600 --> 01:40:34,900
great in reliefs and reminds 
everyone that you could 

1799
01:40:34,900 --> 01:40:36,800
theoretically, Smite them if 
necessary. 

1800
01:40:36,800 --> 01:40:40,000
You hold them crossed against 
your chest, in the traditional 

1801
01:40:40,000 --> 01:40:43,000
pose and catch sight of yourself
in a polished bronze mirror. 

1802
01:40:43,800 --> 01:40:48,000
You look like a pharaoh, you 
look like power personified, you

1803
01:40:48,000 --> 01:40:50,700
look like someone who definitely
knows what they're doing and has

1804
01:40:50,700 --> 01:40:54,300
everything under control. 
It's a good look even if you 

1805
01:40:54,300 --> 01:40:57,100
know that underneath all the 
gold and oil and carefully 

1806
01:40:57,100 --> 01:41:00,000
arranged linen, you're just a 
person who's going to need to 

1807
01:41:00,000 --> 01:41:03,300
visit the previous at some point
today and would really like some

1808
01:41:03,300 --> 01:41:06,800
breakfast this Sun. 
God Ra is making his appearance 

1809
01:41:06,800 --> 01:41:09,900
on the Eastern Horizon, which 
means it's time for you to make 

1810
01:41:09,900 --> 01:41:13,200
yours at the temple. 
This is non-negotiable you could

1811
01:41:13,200 --> 01:41:16,200
be dying and actually one of 
your predecessors did perform 

1812
01:41:16,200 --> 01:41:19,100
the morning ritual while dying, 
which everyone agreed was 

1813
01:41:19,100 --> 01:41:22,800
impressively dedicated, but also
may be taking things a bit far. 

1814
01:41:22,800 --> 01:41:26,300
And you'd still need to show up 
to help the sun rise because 

1815
01:41:26,300 --> 01:41:29,600
according to theology, the sun 
doesn't rise on his own. 

1816
01:41:29,600 --> 01:41:34,000
It rises because you as the 
living embodiment of Horus 

1817
01:41:34,000 --> 01:41:36,800
perform the correct rituals to 
make it happen. 

1818
01:41:36,800 --> 01:41:39,900
No pressure. 
The walk to the temple. 

1819
01:41:39,900 --> 01:41:42,500
Takes you through corridors, 
that are starting to come alive 

1820
01:41:42,500 --> 01:41:45,100
with activity. 
Servants press themselves 

1821
01:41:45,100 --> 01:41:49,000
against the walls as you pass 
heads bowed because looking 

1822
01:41:49,000 --> 01:41:52,500
directly at you is considered 
bold at best and sacrilegious at

1823
01:41:52,500 --> 01:41:54,700
worst. 
You've tried to tell people, 

1824
01:41:54,700 --> 01:41:57,700
they can look at you, like a 
normal person, but apparently 

1825
01:41:57,700 --> 01:41:59,700
that's not how Divine King ship 
works. 

1826
01:41:59,700 --> 01:42:02,100
So you've learned to acknowledge
them with out. 

1827
01:42:02,100 --> 01:42:04,700
Requiring I contact Small nod 
here. 

1828
01:42:04,700 --> 01:42:06,900
A gesture there enough to show 
you. 

1829
01:42:06,900 --> 01:42:09,800
See them without forcing them, 
into an awkward theological 

1830
01:42:09,800 --> 01:42:14,700
situation, the temple is cool 
and dark lit, only by oil lamps,

1831
01:42:14,700 --> 01:42:16,600
that create pools of golden 
light. 

1832
01:42:16,600 --> 01:42:19,900
In the darkness, the air is 
thick with incense so thick you 

1833
01:42:19,900 --> 01:42:22,900
can practically taste it and 
you've developed the ability to 

1834
01:42:22,900 --> 01:42:25,400
breathe through your mouth 
without being obvious about it. 

1835
01:42:25,400 --> 01:42:28,400
The walls are covered in higher 
or glyphs and images that tell 

1836
01:42:28,400 --> 01:42:32,500
the story of Creation, The Gods,
Your Divine ancestry, and 

1837
01:42:32,500 --> 01:42:34,600
several of your own 
accomplishments that may have 

1838
01:42:34,600 --> 01:42:39,200
been slightly exaggerated by the
artists that battle you won in 

1839
01:42:39,200 --> 01:42:42,300
real life, it was messy and 
terrifying and you nearly got 

1840
01:42:42,300 --> 01:42:45,300
knocked off your chariot on the 
temple wall, your 

1841
01:42:45,300 --> 01:42:47,900
single-handedly defeating 
thousands of enemies while 

1842
01:42:47,900 --> 01:42:51,100
remaining perfectly quaffed. 
The high priest is waiting for 

1843
01:42:51,100 --> 01:42:54,100
you at the sanctuary entrance 
along with a collection of other

1844
01:42:54,100 --> 01:42:56,500
priests who form a kind of 
religious Entourage. 

1845
01:42:56,500 --> 01:42:59,000
There are all shaved, completely
bald. 

1846
01:42:59,000 --> 01:43:03,300
Not just their heads, but 
eyebrows everything because body

1847
01:43:03,300 --> 01:43:05,900
hair is considered impure in 
sacred spaces. 

1848
01:43:06,900 --> 01:43:09,900
You've always found this a bit 
extreme but you're not the one 

1849
01:43:09,900 --> 01:43:12,700
who made the rules will 
technically you are the one who 

1850
01:43:12,700 --> 01:43:15,600
could change the rules being 
fair and all but some traditions

1851
01:43:15,600 --> 01:43:18,600
are so old and so ingrained that
even you don't mess with them. 

1852
01:43:18,600 --> 01:43:22,100
The inner Sanctuary is where the
god actually Live's, not 

1853
01:43:22,100 --> 01:43:25,600
metaphorically lives the statue 
in their house is the actual 

1854
01:43:25,600 --> 01:43:28,900
essence of the god, making it 
the most sacred, and most 

1855
01:43:28,900 --> 01:43:33,200
dangerous spot in all of Egypt. 
Only you and the high priest can

1856
01:43:33,200 --> 01:43:36,500
enter and even then only during 
specific rituals. 

1857
01:43:36,500 --> 01:43:39,900
The door is sealed with the 
previous day seal which you 

1858
01:43:39,900 --> 01:43:43,800
break with the ceremonial knife,
the wax cracks with a satisfying

1859
01:43:43,800 --> 01:43:47,300
snap and the heavy doors, swing 
open to reveal the gods 

1860
01:43:47,300 --> 01:43:51,100
dwelling. 
Statue is magnificent covered in

1861
01:43:51,108 --> 01:43:53,900
Gold Leaf and precious stones. 
Wearing its own set of 

1862
01:43:53,900 --> 01:43:56,200
ceremonial garments that get 
changed daily. 

1863
01:43:56,200 --> 01:44:00,100
It stands in the dim, lamp light
looking appropriately, Divine 

1864
01:44:00,100 --> 01:44:03,600
and slightly intimidating. 
The deities I seem to follow you

1865
01:44:03,600 --> 01:44:06,600
as you approach, which is either
a trick of the light or proof 

1866
01:44:06,600 --> 01:44:10,500
that the God is indeed present. 
You prefer not to think about it

1867
01:44:10,500 --> 01:44:13,000
too deeply. 
The morning ritual is always the

1868
01:44:13,000 --> 01:44:16,100
same approach. 
The statue reciting prayers in 

1869
01:44:16,100 --> 01:44:18,100
the ancient tongue that you 
learned phonetically. 

1870
01:44:18,100 --> 01:44:20,600
As a child, even though your 
fluent in them. 

1871
01:44:20,600 --> 01:44:24,100
Now, there's something about the
sound of the words rounded and 

1872
01:44:24,100 --> 01:44:28,100
formal and heavy with Millennia 
of repetition, that makes them 

1873
01:44:28,100 --> 01:44:31,400
feel powerful. 
You're not just speaking your 

1874
01:44:31,400 --> 01:44:34,800
activating something connecting 
to a power that existed before 

1875
01:44:34,800 --> 01:44:36,700
your 
great-great-great-grandparents 

1876
01:44:36,700 --> 01:44:40,100
were born. 
You purify the statue with water

1877
01:44:40,100 --> 01:44:43,700
and nature and carefully washing
the gods face and hands. 

1878
01:44:43,700 --> 01:44:46,500
Then you dress it in. 
Fresh Linen, removing 

1879
01:44:46,500 --> 01:44:49,100
yesterday's garments, and 
replacing them with new ones 

1880
01:44:49,100 --> 01:44:51,500
that have been specially 
prepared and consecrated. 

1881
01:44:51,500 --> 01:44:55,600
The god gets jewelry, too 
necklaces and bracelets that you

1882
01:44:55,600 --> 01:44:59,600
fasten with steady hands, taking
care, not to let them tangle. 

1883
01:44:59,600 --> 01:45:01,400
You've gotten quite good at 
this. 

1884
01:45:01,400 --> 01:45:05,100
Over the years, the first time 
you did it, you were so nervous.

1885
01:45:05,100 --> 01:45:07,100
You nearly dropped a Priceless 
amulet. 

1886
01:45:07,800 --> 01:45:10,500
The high priest face went 
through several shades of pale 

1887
01:45:10,500 --> 01:45:14,500
before you caught it. 
Food offerings come next a small

1888
01:45:14,500 --> 01:45:17,200
Feast is laid out before the 
statue bread. 

1889
01:45:17,200 --> 01:45:20,400
Beer roasted duck, fresh fruit 
and vegetables prepared. 

1890
01:45:20,400 --> 01:45:24,000
Exactly the way the god, 
prefers, the irony isn't lost on

1891
01:45:24,000 --> 01:45:25,300
you. 
That the god probably doesn't 

1892
01:45:25,300 --> 01:45:28,200
actually eat the food. 
But what happens is that, the 

1893
01:45:28,200 --> 01:45:31,200
gods Essence consumes, the 
spiritual part of the meal, 

1894
01:45:31,200 --> 01:45:34,900
leaving the physical part to be 
distributed among the priests 

1895
01:45:34,900 --> 01:45:37,000
later. 
It's an efficient system, really

1896
01:45:37,000 --> 01:45:41,200
the gods get fed, the priests 
get fed and everyone's happy, 

1897
01:45:41,200 --> 01:45:45,400
you like incense and make the 
final offerings, reciting the 

1898
01:45:45,400 --> 01:45:48,700
prayers, that release the Gods, 
power to flow through Egypt, for

1899
01:45:48,700 --> 01:45:51,800
another day, it's during these 
moments that you sometimes feel 

1900
01:45:51,800 --> 01:45:54,400
something shifted in the air, 
something you can't quite 

1901
01:45:54,400 --> 01:45:56,600
explain, but that makes the hair
on your arms. 

1902
01:45:56,600 --> 01:45:59,300
Stand up. 
Maybe it's just the incense 

1903
01:45:59,300 --> 01:46:00,500
smoke Playing Tricks on your 
mind. 

1904
01:46:00,500 --> 01:46:03,800
Maybe it's the weight of belief 
from millions of Egyptians 

1905
01:46:03,800 --> 01:46:06,500
flowing through you. 
Maybe the gods really are 

1906
01:46:06,500 --> 01:46:09,200
listening when you emerge from 
the sanctuary. 

1907
01:46:09,200 --> 01:46:12,200
The sun is fully risen, this is 
important. 

1908
01:46:12,200 --> 01:46:15,900
If you'd fail in your duties, 
theoretically, the sun wouldn't 

1909
01:46:15,900 --> 01:46:18,400
have risen. 
Egypt would have fallen into 

1910
01:46:18,400 --> 01:46:20,900
chaos and it would have been 
entirely your fault. 

1911
01:46:20,900 --> 01:46:25,000
But the sun is shining, the Nile
is flowing, and the world 

1912
01:46:25,000 --> 01:46:29,000
continues to exist, which means 
you've successfully fulfilled, 

1913
01:46:29,000 --> 01:46:31,300
your Cosmic responsibilities for
another morning. 

1914
01:46:32,200 --> 01:46:35,000
You allow yourself a moment of 
quiet satisfaction. 

1915
01:46:35,000 --> 01:46:40,000
The rest of the morning involves
more temples and more Gods Egypt

1916
01:46:40,000 --> 01:46:43,000
has a lot of gods and almost 
embarrassing number of gods. 

1917
01:46:43,000 --> 01:46:46,500
Really, and while you can't 
personally visit all of them. 

1918
01:46:46,500 --> 01:46:48,900
Every day you need to make 
regular appearances. 

1919
01:46:48,900 --> 01:46:52,000
At the major temples. 
There's the Temple of a moon, 

1920
01:46:52,000 --> 01:46:55,600
the king of Gods, whose priests 
wheeled almost as much power as 

1921
01:46:55,600 --> 01:46:57,800
you do and need to be kept 
happy. 

1922
01:46:58,700 --> 01:47:02,100
There's the Temple of tar, 
patron of Kraft's man, whose 

1923
01:47:02,100 --> 01:47:03,800
favor you need. 
If you want your building 

1924
01:47:03,800 --> 01:47:07,800
projects to succeed, there's the
Temple of hathor goddess of love

1925
01:47:07,800 --> 01:47:11,200
and joy whose festivals are 
significantly more fun than the 

1926
01:47:11,200 --> 01:47:13,600
other gods festivals, each 
Temple. 

1927
01:47:13,600 --> 01:47:17,000
Visit follows a similar pattern 
approach with appropriate. 

1928
01:47:17,000 --> 01:47:20,800
Reverence perform the rituals, 
make the offering and listen to 

1929
01:47:20,800 --> 01:47:24,300
the priest reports about Temple 
business and their requests for 

1930
01:47:24,300 --> 01:47:28,000
more funding. 
The request for funding are 

1931
01:47:28,000 --> 01:47:31,400
constant, every priest believes 
that God, deserves a bigger 

1932
01:47:31,400 --> 01:47:34,500
Temple, more offerings and 
additional staff. 

1933
01:47:34,500 --> 01:47:37,800
You've become skilled at the 
political dance of appearing to 

1934
01:47:37,800 --> 01:47:41,100
consider every request. 
Seriously, while committing to 

1935
01:47:41,100 --> 01:47:43,700
nothing specific between 
temples. 

1936
01:47:43,700 --> 01:47:46,300
You're carried on a litter by 
bearers who move with 

1937
01:47:46,300 --> 01:47:49,700
synchronized Precision. 
Making the journey smooth enough

1938
01:47:49,700 --> 01:47:52,200
that you could probably balance 
a cup of wine on your head 

1939
01:47:52,200 --> 01:47:56,000
without spilling a drop. 
Not that you've tried that would

1940
01:47:56,000 --> 01:47:58,700
be undignified. 
The streets are crowded with 

1941
01:47:58,700 --> 01:48:01,700
people who've come out to see 
you pass and you maintain the 

1942
01:48:01,700 --> 01:48:04,700
appropriate expression of 
benevolent divinyl Authority. 

1943
01:48:04,700 --> 01:48:07,700
While privately wondering, if 
you remember to have someone 

1944
01:48:07,700 --> 01:48:10,800
check on your favorite hunting, 
dog, who seemed a bit off 

1945
01:48:10,800 --> 01:48:13,900
yesterday by mid-morning. 
Your back at the palace for the 

1946
01:48:13,900 --> 01:48:16,900
less spiritual, but equally 
important part of being Pharaoh 

1947
01:48:16,900 --> 01:48:20,700
actually running the country. 
The audience Hall is already 

1948
01:48:20,700 --> 01:48:22,600
filling with people who need 
something from. 

1949
01:48:22,600 --> 01:48:27,400
You officials Nobles, foreign 
ambassadors, priests Architects,

1950
01:48:27,400 --> 01:48:32,600
Merchants Farmers with disputes,
criminals awaiting judgment, and

1951
01:48:32,600 --> 01:48:36,200
that one persistent inventor who
keeps trying to convince you to 

1952
01:48:36,200 --> 01:48:38,600
fund his revolutionary new 
irrigation system. 

1953
01:48:38,600 --> 01:48:40,700
That will definitely work this 
time. 

1954
01:48:40,700 --> 01:48:45,000
Unlike the last three times, you
settle onto your throne, which 

1955
01:48:45,000 --> 01:48:47,700
is magnificent and uncomfortable
in equal measure. 

1956
01:48:47,700 --> 01:48:51,500
It's designed to make you look 
powerful, not to provide lumbar 

1957
01:48:51,500 --> 01:48:54,900
support. 
The throne is gold plated inlaid

1958
01:48:54,900 --> 01:48:58,500
with Ivory and Ebony and carved 
with images of you defeating 

1959
01:48:58,500 --> 01:49:02,400
enemies communing with gods and 
generally being excellent. 

1960
01:49:02,400 --> 01:49:06,200
At everything, the arms are 
shaped like rearing cobras which

1961
01:49:06,200 --> 01:49:08,100
looks impressive, but means you 
have to be careful. 

1962
01:49:08,100 --> 01:49:11,100
Not to scratch yourself on the 
Cobra fangs when you adjust your

1963
01:49:11,100 --> 01:49:15,500
position. 
Your Vizio tahp approaches with 

1964
01:49:15,500 --> 01:49:18,300
the days of gender. 
He's been your second in command

1965
01:49:18,300 --> 01:49:22,100
for five years now and you trust
him more than almost anyone. 

1966
01:49:22,100 --> 01:49:25,600
He's brilliant and efficient and
has the rare quality of being 

1967
01:49:25,600 --> 01:49:28,600
willing to tell you when you're 
wrong, but doing it in such a 

1968
01:49:28,608 --> 01:49:31,400
diplomatic way that you don't 
feel like having him thrown to 

1969
01:49:31,400 --> 01:49:34,100
the crocodiles. 
He's also apparently immune to 

1970
01:49:34,100 --> 01:49:36,800
border which is essential when 
dealing with Palace 

1971
01:49:36,800 --> 01:49:40,300
Administration. 
The first matter is a border 

1972
01:49:40,300 --> 01:49:43,300
dispute between two provincial 
Governors who both claim the 

1973
01:49:43,300 --> 01:49:46,500
same stretch of Farmland. 
The dispute has been going on 

1974
01:49:46,500 --> 01:49:49,700
for three years which seems 
excessive for an argument about 

1975
01:49:49,700 --> 01:49:52,700
dirt but apparently this 
particular dirt is extremely 

1976
01:49:52,700 --> 01:49:55,700
fertile and produces exceptional
barley. 

1977
01:49:55,700 --> 01:49:59,600
Both Governors are present eat 
with Scrolls of evidence 

1978
01:49:59,600 --> 01:50:01,600
Witnesses and arguments 
prepared. 

1979
01:50:02,300 --> 01:50:05,200
You let them present their 
cases, which takes approximately

1980
01:50:05,200 --> 01:50:09,000
forever and involves a lot of 
dramatic gesturing and appeals 

1981
01:50:09,000 --> 01:50:11,900
to ancient press residents. 
The truth is, you could probably

1982
01:50:11,900 --> 01:50:14,400
solve this by simply declaring, 
one of them, the winner and 

1983
01:50:14,400 --> 01:50:17,700
moving on your Pharaoh, your 
word is law. 

1984
01:50:17,700 --> 01:50:20,200
But you've learned that 
arbitrary decisions. 

1985
01:50:20,200 --> 01:50:22,900
Even when you have the power to 
make them tend to create 

1986
01:50:22,900 --> 01:50:24,800
resentment and problems down the
line. 

1987
01:50:24,800 --> 01:50:29,100
So you listen, ask questions and
eventually propose a solution 

1988
01:50:29,100 --> 01:50:30,900
that involves surveying the land
properly. 

1989
01:50:31,700 --> 01:50:35,100
Splitting it based on the survey
results and both Governors 

1990
01:50:35,100 --> 01:50:38,200
contributing to a new irrigation
project that will benefit the 

1991
01:50:38,200 --> 01:50:41,000
entire region. 
Neither Governor looks entirely 

1992
01:50:41,000 --> 01:50:43,500
happy, which probably means it's
a fair solution. 

1993
01:50:43,500 --> 01:50:47,600
Next is a delegation from Nubia 
with tribute and trade 

1994
01:50:47,600 --> 01:50:50,200
proposals. 
The Nubians are skilled 

1995
01:50:50,200 --> 01:50:54,000
diplomats who dressed in their 
finest gold jewelry that Rivals,

1996
01:50:54,000 --> 01:50:57,600
your own Fine Fabrics, and 
elaborate hairstyles. 

1997
01:50:57,600 --> 01:51:01,400
They present their gifts with 
appropriate ceremony gold. 

1998
01:51:01,400 --> 01:51:05,900
Ivory ebony exotic, animal skins
and a live leopard, that seems 

1999
01:51:05,900 --> 01:51:08,300
less than thrilled about being a
diplomatic gift. 

2000
01:51:08,300 --> 01:51:11,400
The leopard is beautiful, but 
looks like it's considering 

2001
01:51:11,400 --> 01:51:14,500
making a break for Freedom, 
which would certainly liven up 

2002
01:51:14,500 --> 01:51:17,300
the proceedings. 
You accept the tribute 

2003
01:51:17,300 --> 01:51:20,700
graciously, and listen to their 
trade proposals which are 

2004
01:51:20,700 --> 01:51:25,200
actually quite reasonable Nubia,
has resources, Egypt needs and 

2005
01:51:25,200 --> 01:51:27,500
Egypt has grain and manufactured
goods. 

2006
01:51:27,500 --> 01:51:31,000
New beer wants its basic 
economics dressed up in 

2007
01:51:31,000 --> 01:51:35,600
diplomatic Language you agree to
most of their requests modify a 

2008
01:51:35,600 --> 01:51:39,300
few details and send them away. 
Happy the leopard goes to the 

2009
01:51:39,300 --> 01:51:42,200
Royal Menagerie where hopefully 
it will feel less homicidal. 

2010
01:51:42,900 --> 01:51:46,200
Then there's the criminal case. 
A merchant is accused of using 

2011
01:51:46,200 --> 01:51:48,100
false weights to cheat 
customers. 

2012
01:51:48,100 --> 01:51:52,300
The evidence is presented the 
weights and questioned testimony

2013
01:51:52,300 --> 01:51:56,500
from customers and the merchants
protests of Innocence, you 

2014
01:51:56,500 --> 01:51:59,800
examine the weights yourself, 
comparing them to the standard 

2015
01:51:59,800 --> 01:52:03,200
measures kept in the palace, 
there definitely lighter than 

2016
01:52:03,200 --> 01:52:05,800
they should be, which means the 
merchant was selling people, 

2017
01:52:05,800 --> 01:52:09,000
less grain than they paid. 
For not the crime of the 

2018
01:52:09,008 --> 01:52:12,600
century, but dishonest 
nonetheless, Egyptian law, is 

2019
01:52:12,608 --> 01:52:16,800
supposed to be based on Matt 
truth, justice Harmony and the 

2020
01:52:16,800 --> 01:52:18,500
fundamental order of the 
universe. 

2021
01:52:19,600 --> 01:52:21,900
In practice, it means trying to 
be fair while. 

2022
01:52:21,900 --> 01:52:24,500
Also making sure people don't 
think they can cheat each other 

2023
01:52:24,500 --> 01:52:27,600
with impunity. 
You find the merchant guilty and

2024
01:52:27,600 --> 01:52:30,900
sentence him to pay back double 
what he stole plus a fine to the

2025
01:52:30,900 --> 01:52:33,600
temple. 
It Stern enough to discourage 

2026
01:52:33,600 --> 01:52:34,900
others from trying the same 
thing. 

2027
01:52:34,900 --> 01:52:37,900
But not so harsh that it 
destroys the man's life. 

2028
01:52:37,900 --> 01:52:40,700
He leaves looking relieved that 
you didn't order anything 

2029
01:52:40,700 --> 01:52:44,100
involving crocodiles, the 
architect arrives with updated 

2030
01:52:44,100 --> 01:52:47,400
plans, for your Mortuary Temple.
This is the building that will 

2031
01:52:47,408 --> 01:52:49,500
serve as your cult center after 
you die. 

2032
01:52:49,500 --> 01:52:52,200
Where priests will make 
offerings to your memory for 

2033
01:52:52,200 --> 01:52:53,800
centuries. 
No. 

2034
01:52:53,800 --> 01:52:55,700
Pressure to make it impressive 
or anything. 

2035
01:52:55,700 --> 01:52:58,000
The architect. 
Unrolls Papyrus. 

2036
01:52:58,000 --> 01:53:01,700
After Papyrus showing you 
designs for Courtyards columns, 

2037
01:53:01,700 --> 01:53:05,200
statues and reliefs. 
Everything is calculated to 

2038
01:53:05,200 --> 01:53:08,900
inspire or and demonstrate your 
divine nature to Future 

2039
01:53:08,900 --> 01:53:11,900
Generations. 
You suggest some modifications, 

2040
01:53:11,900 --> 01:53:16,400
a larger Courtyard here, 
different proportions, there may

2041
01:53:16,400 --> 01:53:20,100
be fewer images of you smiting 
enemies, and more of you making 

2042
01:53:20,100 --> 01:53:23,600
offerings to Gods because you 
want to be remembered as Pious. 

2043
01:53:23,600 --> 01:53:27,800
Not just violent, the architect 
makes notes nodding 

2044
01:53:27,800 --> 01:53:31,100
enthusiastically at your ideas 
even though you suspect. 

2045
01:53:31,100 --> 01:53:34,000
He's going to gently talk you 
out of half of them later by 

2046
01:53:34,000 --> 01:53:37,100
explaining various architectural
principles, you don't fully 

2047
01:53:37,100 --> 01:53:41,200
understand between official 
audience is Tahiti updates on 

2048
01:53:41,200 --> 01:53:42,300
the Kingdom's, Finance, 
finances. 

2049
01:53:42,300 --> 01:53:45,600
Egypt is well requires 
management. 

2050
01:53:46,600 --> 01:53:50,500
There are granaries to maintain 
armies to pay building projects 

2051
01:53:50,500 --> 01:53:54,500
to fund temples to support and 
foreign trade to manage the 

2052
01:53:54,500 --> 01:53:57,700
Niles flood this year was good, 
which means the Harvest should 

2053
01:53:57,700 --> 01:53:59,900
be abundant, which means tax 
revenue. 

2054
01:53:59,900 --> 01:54:03,800
Should be solid. 
But there's always something a 

2055
01:54:03,800 --> 01:54:06,900
warehouse that needs repairs. 
A Garrison, that needs supplies,

2056
01:54:06,900 --> 01:54:11,300
a canal that needs dredging. 
You approved budgets sign off on

2057
01:54:11,300 --> 01:54:14,800
expenditures and make decisions 
about resource allocation. 

2058
01:54:14,800 --> 01:54:16,700
That would probably bore you to 
tears. 

2059
01:54:16,700 --> 01:54:19,600
If they weren't. 
So crucial to keeping Egypt 

2060
01:54:19,600 --> 01:54:21,900
functioning the truth about 
ruling. 

2061
01:54:21,900 --> 01:54:24,800
An Empire is that it's less 
about dramatic pronouncements 

2062
01:54:24,800 --> 01:54:29,000
and more about making sure grain
gets from where it's grown to 

2063
01:54:29,000 --> 01:54:32,800
where it's needed workers. 
Get paid infrastructure gets 

2064
01:54:32,800 --> 01:54:37,000
maintained and the complex 
machine of civilization keeps 

2065
01:54:37,000 --> 01:54:39,400
turning a messenger arrives with
news. 

2066
01:54:39,400 --> 01:54:42,000
From the Army. 
There's been a skirmish on the 

2067
01:54:42,000 --> 01:54:43,800
eastern border. 
Nothing major. 

2068
01:54:43,800 --> 01:54:46,400
Just Raiders testing. 
Egypt's defense's. 

2069
01:54:46,400 --> 01:54:50,400
Your general has handled it 
efficiently, but he's requesting

2070
01:54:50,400 --> 01:54:52,500
additional troops to reinforce 
the Garrison. 

2071
01:54:52,500 --> 01:54:55,500
You approve the request and 
dictator response. 

2072
01:54:55,500 --> 01:54:58,700
Praising the General's. 
Vigilance military matters. 

2073
01:54:58,700 --> 01:55:01,700
Require careful attention. 
Egypt is Powerful. 

2074
01:55:01,708 --> 01:55:03,700
But the world is full of 
neighbors. 

2075
01:55:03,700 --> 01:55:07,000
Who would love to claim a piece 
of the Niles wealth by early 

2076
01:55:07,000 --> 01:55:09,200
afternoon? 
You're ready for a break from 

2077
01:55:09,200 --> 01:55:11,200
audience is an administrative 
decision. 

2078
01:55:11,200 --> 01:55:15,200
You retired to the private 
quarters of the palace where the

2079
01:55:15,200 --> 01:55:19,700
rooms are cooler, quieter and 
significantly less formal here. 

2080
01:55:19,700 --> 01:55:23,100
You can actually relax or at 
least engage in the ferry on of 

2081
01:55:23,100 --> 01:55:26,200
version of relaxation, which 
still involves some level of 

2082
01:55:26,200 --> 01:55:28,600
ceremony. 
But with fewer people watching 

2083
01:55:28,600 --> 01:55:31,400
your every move. 
The palace is a city unto 

2084
01:55:31,400 --> 01:55:35,900
itself, a sprawling complex of 
buildings Courtyards Gardens and

2085
01:55:35,900 --> 01:55:38,500
Halls. 
Your private quarters are in the

2086
01:55:38,500 --> 01:55:42,900
heart of it all protected by 
multiple layers of guards walls 

2087
01:55:42,900 --> 01:55:46,000
and protocol. 
The rooms are beautiful painted 

2088
01:55:46,000 --> 01:55:50,200
walls showing Gardens and 
Wildlife flaws of polished, 

2089
01:55:50,200 --> 01:55:55,000
Stone and Furniture in with 
precious materials But they're 

2090
01:55:55,000 --> 01:55:57,900
also surprisingly comfortable, 
you've made sure of that. 

2091
01:55:57,900 --> 01:56:00,500
Yes you're a God King but you're
all. 

2092
01:56:00,508 --> 01:56:03,900
So someone who appreciates a 
good chair Your chief wife 

2093
01:56:03,900 --> 01:56:06,400
nefertari is waiting in the 
garden. 

2094
01:56:06,400 --> 01:56:09,900
Courtyard, she is dressed more 
casually than you'd see her in 

2095
01:56:09,900 --> 01:56:11,500
public. 
Still elegant still wearing 

2096
01:56:11,500 --> 01:56:15,100
enough jewelry to fund a small 
army but in lighter linen 

2097
01:56:15,100 --> 01:56:18,300
suitable for the afternoon heat,
she has been dealing with her 

2098
01:56:18,300 --> 01:56:21,500
own administrative duties all 
morning, the Royal household 

2099
01:56:21,500 --> 01:56:24,700
doesn't run itself and she 
manages a staff of hundreds with

2100
01:56:24,700 --> 01:56:26,500
the efficiency of a military 
commander. 

2101
01:56:27,300 --> 01:56:30,000
You discussed the day overnight 
Refreshments. 

2102
01:56:30,000 --> 01:56:33,100
She tells you about a dispute 
between two servants that she 

2103
01:56:33,100 --> 01:56:36,900
had to mediate a request from 
the Temple of hathor for her to 

2104
01:56:36,900 --> 01:56:40,600
attend an upcoming festival and 
her concerns about your eldest 

2105
01:56:40,600 --> 01:56:43,200
son's education. 
He is showing more interest in 

2106
01:56:43,200 --> 01:56:46,200
hunting than in learning the 
administrative skills he'll need

2107
01:56:46,200 --> 01:56:47,800
when he eventually becomes 
fairer. 

2108
01:56:47,800 --> 01:56:51,900
You make a mental note to spend 
some time with him, maybe find a

2109
01:56:51,900 --> 01:56:54,700
way to make governance seem as 
exciting as chasing, gazelle 

2110
01:56:54,700 --> 01:56:57,700
through the desert. 
The garden is one of your 

2111
01:56:57,700 --> 01:57:01,900
favorite places in the palace. 
It's noises of green in a 

2112
01:57:01,900 --> 01:57:05,600
landscape of stone and sand with
carefully, tended trees flowers 

2113
01:57:05,600 --> 01:57:10,000
and a pool stocked with fish. 
The Egyptians of managed to make

2114
01:57:10,008 --> 01:57:13,700
Gardens an art form, creating 
spaces that are both beautiful 

2115
01:57:13,700 --> 01:57:16,900
and functional. the trees, 
provide shade, the flowers, 

2116
01:57:16,900 --> 01:57:20,200
provide perfume and the pool 
provides a spot for actual 

2117
01:57:20,200 --> 01:57:23,400
relaxation that doesn't involve 
sitting on a throne covered in 

2118
01:57:23,408 --> 01:57:27,500
angry cobras You spend some time
with your children who are 

2119
01:57:27,500 --> 01:57:30,900
brought to you by their nurses, 
Royal children lift somewhat 

2120
01:57:30,900 --> 01:57:34,600
separate lives from their 
parents, its tradition and also 

2121
01:57:34,600 --> 01:57:38,000
practical give them the demands 
of King ship, but you make time 

2122
01:57:38,000 --> 01:57:40,100
for them. 
When you can, your daughter 

2123
01:57:40,100 --> 01:57:42,500
shows you a drawing. 
She made which is supposed to be

2124
01:57:42,500 --> 01:57:45,800
a lotus flower, but looks more 
like an enthusiastic blob. 

2125
01:57:45,800 --> 01:57:49,700
You praise it, appropriately, 
your youngest son, who's about 

2126
01:57:49,700 --> 01:57:53,200
three is more interested in 
trying to grab your ceremonial 

2127
01:57:53,200 --> 01:57:56,700
beard, which is attached to your
chin with some kind of ancient 

2128
01:57:56,700 --> 01:58:00,700
Egyptian adhesive technology 
that works better than it has 

2129
01:58:00,700 --> 01:58:04,900
any right to these moments are 
precious not because their grand

2130
01:58:04,900 --> 01:58:09,000
or ceremonial but because their 
normal in these moments you're 

2131
01:58:09,000 --> 01:58:12,600
not a pharaoh or a God or the 
living embodiment of cosmic 

2132
01:58:12,600 --> 01:58:14,300
order. 
You're just a parent. 

2133
01:58:14,300 --> 01:58:16,900
Trying to keep a toddler from 
destroying your Royal regalia 

2134
01:58:16,900 --> 01:58:19,500
while pretending to understand a
child's artwork. 

2135
01:58:20,900 --> 01:58:25,300
Later you review reports from 
your various Estates as Pharaoh,

2136
01:58:25,300 --> 01:58:27,900
you personally own significant 
amounts of land throughout Egypt

2137
01:58:27,900 --> 01:58:30,600
managed by stewards who send 
regular updates. 

2138
01:58:30,600 --> 01:58:33,500
The reports are written on 
papyrus in the neat. 

2139
01:58:33,500 --> 01:58:36,500
Higher attic script that scribes
used for business documents 

2140
01:58:36,500 --> 01:58:40,500
faster than hieroglyphs though. 
Significantly less impressive 

2141
01:58:40,500 --> 01:58:42,300
looking. 
You've learned to read these 

2142
01:58:42,300 --> 01:58:45,200
reports quickly scanning for 
important information. 

2143
01:58:45,200 --> 01:58:48,500
While skipping the elaborate 
formalities that every scribe 

2144
01:58:48,500 --> 01:58:53,700
feels compelled to include, This
estate had a good harvest that a

2145
01:58:53,700 --> 01:58:56,200
state had some problems with 
locusts but managed to save most

2146
01:58:56,200 --> 01:58:59,700
of the crop, this estate Steward
is requesting permission to 

2147
01:58:59,700 --> 01:59:03,500
build a new irrigation channel. 
That is State Stuart, once to 

2148
01:59:03,500 --> 01:59:06,300
know if you'd like any of the 
particularly fine cattle, 

2149
01:59:06,300 --> 01:59:11,400
they've bred You make notes, 
approve or deny requests and 

2150
01:59:11,400 --> 01:59:14,000
generally ensure that your 
personal wealth, which is 

2151
01:59:14,000 --> 01:59:16,700
considerable, is being managed 
competently. 

2152
01:59:16,700 --> 01:59:19,100
There's a relaxing interlude of 
music. 

2153
01:59:19,100 --> 01:59:23,300
You have caught musicians who 
are genuinely talented, not just

2154
01:59:23,300 --> 01:59:26,600
employed, because they're good 
at flattering the Pharaoh, a 

2155
01:59:26,600 --> 01:59:29,800
harpist plays while you recline 
on a comfortable couch, the 

2156
01:59:29,800 --> 01:59:32,000
music filling the room with 
something beautiful, and 

2157
01:59:32,000 --> 01:59:34,800
temporary, and completely 
divorced from politics or 

2158
01:59:34,800 --> 01:59:38,600
religion or responsibility. 
The harp is a beautiful 

2159
01:59:38,600 --> 01:59:42,300
instrument. 
It sound clear and resonant and 

2160
01:59:42,300 --> 01:59:44,800
the musicians fingers move 
across the strings with 

2161
01:59:44,800 --> 01:59:50,300
practiced Grace, You close your 
eyes and just listen, the music 

2162
01:59:50,300 --> 01:59:53,800
washes over you and for a few 
minutes, your mind is empty of 

2163
01:59:53,800 --> 01:59:56,700
Border disputes. 
Budget, concerns diplomatic 

2164
01:59:56,700 --> 01:59:59,500
negotiations and Theological 
responsibilities. 

2165
01:59:59,500 --> 02:00:03,700
There's just the music, the cool
air from the garden and the 

2166
02:00:03,700 --> 02:00:06,800
distant sound of the palace, 
continuing its Daily Business. 

2167
02:00:06,800 --> 02:00:10,500
Without You a bath follows, 
Which is less, a quick rinse and

2168
02:00:10,500 --> 02:00:12,300
more. 
An elaborate process involving 

2169
02:00:12,300 --> 02:00:15,900
servants, oils, and water at 
exactly the right temperature. 

2170
02:00:16,900 --> 02:00:19,800
The bath is in a dedicated room 
with a limestone tub. 

2171
02:00:19,800 --> 02:00:22,500
That's been polished. 
Smooth by years of use, the 

2172
02:00:22,500 --> 02:00:26,600
water is centered with lotus oil
and as you sink into it, you 

2173
02:00:26,600 --> 02:00:29,500
feel muscles, relaxed, that you 
didn't realize were tents. 

2174
02:00:30,400 --> 02:00:32,900
Being a fairer is physically 
demanding in ways. 

2175
02:00:32,900 --> 02:00:36,200
People don't often consider all 
that standing sitting on 

2176
02:00:36,200 --> 02:00:39,400
uncomfortable throws, wearing 
heavy jewelry and maintaining 

2177
02:00:39,400 --> 02:00:42,900
perfect posture. 
Your body keeps a running tally.

2178
02:00:42,900 --> 02:00:46,900
The afternoon, He is building. 
The palace has grown quiet. 

2179
02:00:46,900 --> 02:00:50,500
During the hottest hours, this 
is when sensible people, rest, 

2180
02:00:50,500 --> 02:00:54,800
and even pharaohs need to be 
sensible occasionally You retire

2181
02:00:54,800 --> 02:00:57,900
to your sleeping quarters, where
the air is cooler, thanks to 

2182
02:00:57,900 --> 02:01:01,200
thick stone walls, and servants 
who've been waving fans and 

2183
02:01:01,200 --> 02:01:04,700
sprinkling water on, read maps. 
You lie down on your bed. 

2184
02:01:04,700 --> 02:01:06,900
The same one. 
You woke up in this morning. 

2185
02:01:06,900 --> 02:01:12,800
Let yourself drift into sleep. 
The afternoon nap is sacred not 

2186
02:01:12,800 --> 02:01:16,500
theologically sacred. 
Just personally, sacred is one 

2187
02:01:16,508 --> 02:01:19,600
of the few parts of your day. 
That's entirely your own where 

2188
02:01:19,600 --> 02:01:22,000
nobody needs anything from you. 
And you don't need to make 

2189
02:01:22,000 --> 02:01:25,000
decisions about anything more 
important than which side to 

2190
02:01:25,000 --> 02:01:27,500
sleep on the palace knows not to
disturb. 

2191
02:01:27,500 --> 02:01:30,500
You unless something is 
literally on fire and even then 

2192
02:01:30,500 --> 02:01:33,300
they'd better be sure. 
It's a really important fire. 

2193
02:01:33,300 --> 02:01:37,300
You wake refreshed as the worst 
heat of the day begins to fade. 

2194
02:01:37,300 --> 02:01:41,200
The Nile is calling. 
Not literally though in poetry 

2195
02:01:41,200 --> 02:01:43,600
and hymns, the Egyptian 
certainly write about the river 

2196
02:01:43,600 --> 02:01:47,000
like it speaks and you've 
decided to take a journey on the

2197
02:01:47,000 --> 02:01:49,800
Royal. 
Barge, the Nile is Egypt's 

2198
02:01:49,800 --> 02:01:54,600
Lifeline, its source of water, 
food, transportation and 

2199
02:01:54,600 --> 02:01:57,600
fertility. 
Understanding the river means 

2200
02:01:57,600 --> 02:02:01,600
understanding your kingdom and 
besides, its pleasant to be on 

2201
02:02:01,600 --> 02:02:03,200
the water. 
When the air is Cooling, and the

2202
02:02:03,200 --> 02:02:06,600
light is turning golden, the 
Royal barge is magnificent, 

2203
02:02:06,600 --> 02:02:09,400
which is practically a 
requirement for anything 

2204
02:02:09,400 --> 02:02:12,800
associated with royalty, but 
it's also surprisingly 

2205
02:02:12,800 --> 02:02:15,300
practical. 
It's large enough to be stable 

2206
02:02:15,300 --> 02:02:18,900
decorated enough to be 
impressive and equipped with a 

2207
02:02:18,900 --> 02:02:20,700
cabin that provides shade and 
privacy. 

2208
02:02:20,700 --> 02:02:25,300
The boat itself is painted in 
bright colors, red, blue, green,

2209
02:02:25,300 --> 02:02:29,200
and gold with the sacred Eye of 
Horus on the Proud to ward, off 

2210
02:02:29,200 --> 02:02:31,300
evil, The Allman are skilled 
professionals. 

2211
02:02:31,300 --> 02:02:34,300
Who can navigate the Niles 
currents with the kind of 

2212
02:02:34,308 --> 02:02:36,600
precision that comes from years 
of practice. 

2213
02:02:36,600 --> 02:02:40,600
You bored with the small 
retinue, some guards, a few 

2214
02:02:40,608 --> 02:02:44,200
servants tarot who have 
apparently never takes time off 

2215
02:02:44,200 --> 02:02:47,400
and a priest, because you're 
still fair, and still connected 

2216
02:02:47,400 --> 02:02:51,000
to the Divine, even when you're 
just taking a boat ride, the 

2217
02:02:51,000 --> 02:02:53,600
barge pushes away from the dock 
and immediately you feel the 

2218
02:02:53,600 --> 02:02:56,100
difference on land your 
surrounded by. 

2219
02:02:56,200 --> 02:03:00,300
Stone and politics on the water,
there's movement are and a sense

2220
02:03:00,300 --> 02:03:02,900
of Freedom that's rare when 
you're responsible for an entire

2221
02:03:02,900 --> 02:03:06,900
civilization, the Nile flows 
Northwood which confuses 

2222
02:03:06,900 --> 02:03:10,600
foreigners until you explained 
that in Egypt, North means 

2223
02:03:10,600 --> 02:03:12,200
Downstream toward the 
Mediterranean. 

2224
02:03:12,200 --> 02:03:16,500
And South means Upstream toward 
new beer, the current carries 

2225
02:03:16,500 --> 02:03:19,500
you gently along and when the 
wind is right, the sale can 

2226
02:03:19,500 --> 02:03:21,800
catch it and supplement the 
Allman's efforts. 

2227
02:03:22,600 --> 02:03:26,100
Today, the wind is perfect 
filling the sale with a 

2228
02:03:26,108 --> 02:03:29,900
satisfying snap of fabric and 
the boat Glides along with 

2229
02:03:29,900 --> 02:03:34,500
minimal effort from the water. 
You see, Egypt differently, the 

2230
02:03:34,508 --> 02:03:38,200
Riverbanks aligned with green, 
the fertile strip of land, where

2231
02:03:38,200 --> 02:03:41,900
everything grows where life is 
possible and where your people 

2232
02:03:41,900 --> 02:03:46,100
farm and build and live beyond 
the green, is the desert, the 

2233
02:03:46,100 --> 02:03:49,000
Red Land stretching away to 
distant Horizons. 

2234
02:03:49,000 --> 02:03:54,800
The contrast is Stark, green 
means life, red means death, the

2235
02:03:54,800 --> 02:03:56,900
Nile creates the green by 
flooding. 

2236
02:03:56,900 --> 02:04:01,100
Every year depositing Rich silt 
that makes Egypt soil, some of 

2237
02:04:01,108 --> 02:04:04,600
the most fertile on Earth. 
You pass Villages and towns, 

2238
02:04:04,600 --> 02:04:08,100
their mud brick buildings, 
clustered near the water, people

2239
02:04:08,100 --> 02:04:10,700
working in the fields, look up 
and see the Royal barge, 

2240
02:04:10,700 --> 02:04:14,900
recognizing it by its 
decoration, and size, some ways.

2241
02:04:14,900 --> 02:04:18,800
Some ball, some simply stare, 
you're a distant figure to most 

2242
02:04:18,800 --> 02:04:22,400
Egyptians more symbol than 
person and moments like this, 

2243
02:04:22,400 --> 02:04:26,800
where they can actually see you 
even from a distance matter more

2244
02:04:26,800 --> 02:04:30,000
than you might think. 
Fishman in small Papyrus boats 

2245
02:04:30,000 --> 02:04:33,200
are working their Nets. 
The ancient dance of casting and

2246
02:04:33,200 --> 02:04:35,000
pulling that has been performed 
on the Nile. 

2247
02:04:35,000 --> 02:04:38,000
Since before the pyramids were 
built fish were plentiful in the

2248
02:04:38,000 --> 02:04:42,300
river perch catfish and tilapia 
and fishing provides food for 

2249
02:04:42,300 --> 02:04:45,600
Millions. 
You watch one fishermen, make a 

2250
02:04:45,600 --> 02:04:48,400
perfect cast. 
The weighted net, spreading into

2251
02:04:48,400 --> 02:04:50,400
a circle before dropping into 
the water. 

2252
02:04:50,400 --> 02:04:54,700
It's a simple act, but there's 
Grace in it, skill in it and the

2253
02:04:54,700 --> 02:04:57,400
kind of practical Mastery that 
keeps civilization fed. 

2254
02:04:58,400 --> 02:05:02,000
Field stretch away from the 
river green with growing grain. 

2255
02:05:02,000 --> 02:05:05,600
This is barley and Emma wheat. 
The crops that make bread and 

2256
02:05:05,600 --> 02:05:08,100
beer. 
The Staples of the Egyptian diet

2257
02:05:08,100 --> 02:05:10,800
farmers are working. 
The irrigation channels 

2258
02:05:10,800 --> 02:05:14,300
directing water from the river 
to their fields through a 

2259
02:05:14,300 --> 02:05:17,200
network of canals and basins 
that represent centuries of 

2260
02:05:17,200 --> 02:05:20,300
engineering knowledge. 
The system works because people 

2261
02:05:20,300 --> 02:05:24,300
understand the Niles rhythms and
no one to flood the fields when 

2262
02:05:24,300 --> 02:05:28,600
to plant and when to harvest You
pass a temple under 

2263
02:05:28,600 --> 02:05:31,600
construction. 
It's Limestone walls, gleaming, 

2264
02:05:31,600 --> 02:05:34,600
white in the afternoon. 
Sun workers are everywhere, 

2265
02:05:34,600 --> 02:05:39,100
hauling Stones mixing mortar and
carving decorations, building a 

2266
02:05:39,100 --> 02:05:42,500
temple as a massive undertaking 
that can last years or even 

2267
02:05:42,500 --> 02:05:46,500
decades, employing hundreds of 
workers and consuming resources 

2268
02:05:46,500 --> 02:05:50,300
on a scale that would bankrupt 
smaller kingdoms, but temples 

2269
02:05:50,300 --> 02:05:54,600
are investments in the Divine in
Maat and in the cosmic order 

2270
02:05:54,600 --> 02:05:59,600
that keeps Egypt prosperous 
They're also admittedly very 

2271
02:05:59,600 --> 02:06:01,700
effective ways to demonstrate 
fairy. 

2272
02:06:01,700 --> 02:06:03,800
Onic power to anyone, who needs 
reminding. 

2273
02:06:03,800 --> 02:06:07,200
The barge stops at a landing 
where local officials are 

2274
02:06:07,200 --> 02:06:09,300
waiting. 
This is part of the purpose of 

2275
02:06:09,300 --> 02:06:12,800
the journey being seen here and 
concerns and maintaining the 

2276
02:06:12,800 --> 02:06:14,400
connection between pharaoh and 
people. 

2277
02:06:14,400 --> 02:06:18,100
The officials present themselves
with appropriate ceremony and 

2278
02:06:18,100 --> 02:06:21,500
you listen to their reports 
about The Harvest local disputes

2279
02:06:21,500 --> 02:06:24,500
that have been resolved and 
requests for assistance with 

2280
02:06:24,500 --> 02:06:27,600
various projects. 
It's King ship on a smaller 

2281
02:06:27,600 --> 02:06:30,900
scale, more personal than the 
audience is at the palace. 

2282
02:06:30,900 --> 02:06:35,000
But just as important, A farmer 
approaches nervous, but 

2283
02:06:35,000 --> 02:06:38,200
determined, he's been granted an
audience because his farm 

2284
02:06:38,200 --> 02:06:41,900
produces exceptional wine and 
he's brought a sample for your 

2285
02:06:41,900 --> 02:06:44,500
consideration. 
You try the wine. 

2286
02:06:44,500 --> 02:06:48,400
It's actually quite good with 
complexity that surprises you 

2287
02:06:48,400 --> 02:06:52,400
and compliment him on his work. 
His face lights up with pride 

2288
02:06:52,400 --> 02:06:55,500
and you make a note to have the 
palace acquire more of his 

2289
02:06:55,500 --> 02:06:58,400
vintage. 
Supporting excellent Craftsmen 

2290
02:06:58,400 --> 02:07:02,200
is part of your role and besides
you enjoy good wine. 

2291
02:07:03,000 --> 02:07:06,500
Back on the barge, you can 
continue Downstream the sun is 

2292
02:07:06,500 --> 02:07:09,600
getting lower now painting the 
sky in shades of orange and 

2293
02:07:09,600 --> 02:07:12,400
pink. 
The Nile reflects the colors 

2294
02:07:12,400 --> 02:07:16,700
turning the water into something
magical and you understand why 

2295
02:07:16,700 --> 02:07:19,200
the ancient Egyptians saw 
Divinity and everything. 

2296
02:07:19,200 --> 02:07:23,000
How could you not when the world
produces Beauty like this on a 

2297
02:07:23,000 --> 02:07:25,600
daily basis? 
You think about the rivers 

2298
02:07:25,600 --> 02:07:30,100
cycle, how it floods every year 
with reliable precision and how 

2299
02:07:30,100 --> 02:07:33,100
the ancient Egyptians built 
their entire calendar around. 

2300
02:07:33,100 --> 02:07:36,700
This Rhythm Arquette, the 
inundation season is when the 

2301
02:07:36,708 --> 02:07:41,200
river Rises and covers the 
fields the growing season when 

2302
02:07:41,200 --> 02:07:45,600
crops are planted and tended, 
Shemu, the harvest season is 

2303
02:07:45,600 --> 02:07:49,900
when all that work turns into 
food, three seasons each a 

2304
02:07:49,900 --> 02:07:52,800
sensual each dependent on the 
Nile doing what? 

2305
02:07:52,800 --> 02:07:56,400
It's done for thousands of 
years, it strikes you sometimes 

2306
02:07:56,400 --> 02:08:00,200
how much depends on this River? 
If the flood is too small, this 

2307
02:08:00,200 --> 02:08:03,100
famine, if it's too large, 
there's destruction. 

2308
02:08:03,100 --> 02:08:07,200
The Nile has to be just right 
here after year or Egypt, 

2309
02:08:07,200 --> 02:08:10,600
suffers your ancestors claimed. 
They could control the flood 

2310
02:08:10,600 --> 02:08:13,900
through their divine power and 
you maintain that clay because 

2311
02:08:13,900 --> 02:08:15,800
pharaohs are supposed to control
everything. 

2312
02:08:15,800 --> 02:08:17,800
But privately, you know the 
truth. 

2313
02:08:17,800 --> 02:08:21,800
The Nile does what it will. 
And humans, just try to adapt. 

2314
02:08:22,600 --> 02:08:25,400
you're grateful that in your 
Reign so far, the river has been

2315
02:08:25,400 --> 02:08:29,300
kind as the barge returns to the
Palace. 

2316
02:08:29,300 --> 02:08:31,900
Doc, the Sun is setting and the 
evening meal. 

2317
02:08:31,900 --> 02:08:35,100
Awaits Egyptian, feasts are 
elaborate affairs. 

2318
02:08:36,000 --> 02:08:39,500
Especially Royal ones and 
tonight is a formal dinner with 

2319
02:08:39,500 --> 02:08:43,500
high-ranking officials foreign 
ambassadors, and Nobles who've 

2320
02:08:43,500 --> 02:08:45,500
been angling for an invitation 
for months. 

2321
02:08:45,500 --> 02:08:48,800
You've changed from your day 
clothes into evening, regalia. 

2322
02:08:49,500 --> 02:08:52,300
Fresh Kilt. 
A different collar and the kind 

2323
02:08:52,300 --> 02:08:55,000
of jewelry that catches 
Lamplight and makes everything 

2324
02:08:55,000 --> 02:08:58,700
Sparkle. 
The bankwit hall is spectacular 

2325
02:08:58,700 --> 02:09:01,900
columns. 
Painted with lotus designs rise 

2326
02:09:01,900 --> 02:09:06,000
to a ceiling decorated with 
stars and sacred symbols oil 

2327
02:09:06,000 --> 02:09:09,200
lamps in elaborate bronze. 
Stands light the room with warm 

2328
02:09:09,200 --> 02:09:11,900
flickering light. 
The floor is scattered with 

2329
02:09:11,900 --> 02:09:12,900
fresh lotus. 
Flowers. 

2330
02:09:12,900 --> 02:09:16,400
Their scent mixing with 
frankincense from the sensors. 

2331
02:09:17,200 --> 02:09:19,900
Tables are arranged in the 
u-shape with your seat at the 

2332
02:09:19,900 --> 02:09:23,600
head elevated slightly. 
So everyone can see you, because

2333
02:09:23,600 --> 02:09:25,100
even at dinner, you're on 
display. 

2334
02:09:26,100 --> 02:09:29,400
Guests arrive in the finest 
clothes, which in Egypt means. 

2335
02:09:29,400 --> 02:09:32,500
Lots of pleated linen. 
Lots of jewelry, elaborate wigs 

2336
02:09:32,500 --> 02:09:36,900
and enough eye makeup to supply 
a modern Cosmetics counter for a

2337
02:09:36,900 --> 02:09:39,000
year. 
The women's dresses are sheer 

2338
02:09:39,000 --> 02:09:41,100
enough to be slightly 
scandalous, to foreign visitors,

2339
02:09:41,100 --> 02:09:44,200
but perfectly normal by Egyptian
standards. 

2340
02:09:44,900 --> 02:09:48,600
The men's Kilts are crisp and 
white their colors glittering 

2341
02:09:48,600 --> 02:09:50,700
with gold. 
And semi-precious stones. 

2342
02:09:50,700 --> 02:09:53,400
Everyone has gone to 
considerable effort to look 

2343
02:09:53,400 --> 02:09:56,200
impressive and the overall 
effect is dazzling. 

2344
02:09:56,900 --> 02:09:59,200
You take your seat and servants 
immediately. 

2345
02:09:59,200 --> 02:10:02,700
Begin bringing food. 
Egyptian feasts are not subtle 

2346
02:10:02,700 --> 02:10:05,800
Affairs. 
There's roasted duck goose, beef

2347
02:10:05,800 --> 02:10:07,900
and fish prepared. 
A dozen different ways. 

2348
02:10:07,900 --> 02:10:12,100
This bread in various forms 
flatbread, raised, bread and 

2349
02:10:12,100 --> 02:10:14,800
bread flavored with honey, or 
dates or coriander. 

2350
02:10:14,800 --> 02:10:19,200
There are vegetables. 
Lettuce onions, garlic, 

2351
02:10:19,200 --> 02:10:24,600
cucumbers and beans. 
There are fruits, figs dates, 

2352
02:10:24,600 --> 02:10:29,400
pomegranates and melons there 
are sweets made from honey and 

2353
02:10:29,400 --> 02:10:31,300
nuts. 
There's enough food to feed 

2354
02:10:31,300 --> 02:10:33,100
everyone twice over which is the
point. 

2355
02:10:33,100 --> 02:10:37,600
A buttons demonstrates 
Prosperity, wine flows freely 

2356
02:10:37,600 --> 02:10:41,500
served in elegant cuts by 
servants who glide through the 

2357
02:10:41,500 --> 02:10:46,200
crowd with practiced Grace The 
wine is good some from your own 

2358
02:10:46,200 --> 02:10:50,700
estate's some imported from 
abroad Egyptians loved wine 

2359
02:10:50,700 --> 02:10:52,300
though. 
Beer is more common for everyday

2360
02:10:52,300 --> 02:10:54,800
drinking. 
Tonight is not an everyday 

2361
02:10:54,800 --> 02:10:58,400
occasion, though. 
So why it is you sip from a 

2362
02:10:58,400 --> 02:11:01,300
golden cup while watching the 
room, observing the social 

2363
02:11:01,300 --> 02:11:05,600
dynamics, the alliances forming,
and shifting and the careful 

2364
02:11:05,600 --> 02:11:09,800
dance of Court politics. 
Musicians play Harps, loots 

2365
02:11:09,800 --> 02:11:13,700
drums and a sistrum whose 
metallic rattle is supposed to. 

2366
02:11:13,708 --> 02:11:18,000
Please the goddess a Thor. 
The music is Lively meant to 

2367
02:11:18,000 --> 02:11:21,400
encourage celebration rather 
than contemplation dancers, 

2368
02:11:21,400 --> 02:11:24,700
perform their movements graceful
and athletic. 

2369
02:11:24,700 --> 02:11:28,500
Their costumes designed more for
visual impact than coverage. 

2370
02:11:29,500 --> 02:11:31,900
Egyptian dance dancing. 
Involves a lot of acrobatic 

2371
02:11:31,900 --> 02:11:35,200
moves that look impossible but 
that these performers make seem 

2372
02:11:35,200 --> 02:11:39,100
effortless between courses. 
There's conversation the 

2373
02:11:39,100 --> 02:11:43,300
Ambassador from Hattie Egypt, 
sometimes Ally, sometimes rival 

2374
02:11:43,300 --> 02:11:47,100
to the north, Gus's trade 
agreements and mutual defense. 

2375
02:11:47,100 --> 02:11:50,700
The high priest of immune 
mentioned very casually that the

2376
02:11:50,700 --> 02:11:54,700
gods Temple could benefit from 
some renovations A provincial 

2377
02:11:54,700 --> 02:11:57,600
Governor, complements your 
wisdom in resolving that border 

2378
02:11:57,600 --> 02:12:00,000
dispute. 
Earlier, everyone is charming 

2379
02:12:00,000 --> 02:12:03,300
polite and carefully advancing 
their own interests while 

2380
02:12:03,300 --> 02:12:04,700
pretending. 
They're just here for the 

2381
02:12:04,708 --> 02:12:08,100
pleasure of your company, you 
make conversation with practice,

2382
02:12:08,100 --> 02:12:12,700
ease asking questions, listening
to responses and making the kind

2383
02:12:12,700 --> 02:12:16,100
of small talk that oils the 
wheels of diplomacy, you 

2384
02:12:16,100 --> 02:12:18,000
compliment. 
The ambassadors wife on her 

2385
02:12:18,000 --> 02:12:21,900
jewelry, Egyptian gold, you 
notice, which is either a 

2386
02:12:21,900 --> 02:12:24,100
genuine preference or strategic 
flattery. 

2387
02:12:24,800 --> 02:12:27,800
You discuss architecture with a 
nobleman whose building a new 

2388
02:12:27,808 --> 02:12:30,000
Villa. 
You listen to a merchant to 

2389
02:12:30,000 --> 02:12:33,600
describe his recent trading 
expedition to punt a mysterious 

2390
02:12:33,600 --> 02:12:37,100
land of the South that produces 
frankincense, myrrh and exotic 

2391
02:12:37,100 --> 02:12:41,200
Goods, the food keeps coming. 
There's a whole Roasted Ox that 

2392
02:12:41,200 --> 02:12:43,000
required most of the afternoon 
to prepare. 

2393
02:12:43,000 --> 02:12:46,300
There are delicate pastries that
dissolve on your tongue. 

2394
02:12:46,300 --> 02:12:49,700
There are dates stuffed with 
nuts and honey that are probably

2395
02:12:49,700 --> 02:12:54,000
too sweet, but tastes amazing. 
Anyway, you eat moderately aware

2396
02:12:54,000 --> 02:12:57,500
that overeating in public is 
undignified but also aware that 

2397
02:12:57,500 --> 02:13:00,500
completely ignoring the food. 
Might offend the cooks who have 

2398
02:13:00,508 --> 02:13:04,800
spent days preparing this feast?
Entertainment continues between 

2399
02:13:04,800 --> 02:13:07,400
courses. 
There are acrobats, who form 

2400
02:13:07,400 --> 02:13:10,400
human pyramids and Tumble across
the floor with alarming 

2401
02:13:10,400 --> 02:13:13,200
precision. 
There are singers whose voices 

2402
02:13:13,200 --> 02:13:16,900
rise above the ambient noise, 
telling stories of gods and 

2403
02:13:16,900 --> 02:13:20,900
heroes and romantic Adventures. 
There's a magician who performs 

2404
02:13:20,900 --> 02:13:23,800
illusions that you can't quite 
figure out but that Delight the 

2405
02:13:23,800 --> 02:13:26,500
audience. 
Caught entertainment is supposed

2406
02:13:26,500 --> 02:13:30,000
to be impressive and tonight's 
performers have clearly received

2407
02:13:30,000 --> 02:13:32,200
that memo as the evening 
progresses. 

2408
02:13:32,200 --> 02:13:36,500
The formality, relaxes slightly.
People are well fed, well 

2409
02:13:36,500 --> 02:13:39,600
watered with wine and in the 
kind of good mood that comes 

2410
02:13:39,600 --> 02:13:42,700
from being warm comfortable and 
surrounded by abundance. 

2411
02:13:42,700 --> 02:13:46,200
Conversation grows louder 
laughter more frequent. 

2412
02:13:46,200 --> 02:13:49,500
You allow yourself to relax to 
to enjoy the moment. 

2413
02:13:49,500 --> 02:13:51,600
Rather the constantly analyzing 
it. 

2414
02:13:51,600 --> 02:13:55,400
These Gathering serve political 
purposes, but there are also 

2415
02:13:55,400 --> 02:13:58,100
genuinely pleasant when you stop
treating them as work. 

2416
02:13:59,100 --> 02:14:02,800
Nefertari is at your side 
managing the social dynamics 

2417
02:14:02,800 --> 02:14:05,900
with her usual skill. 
She notices when someone feels 

2418
02:14:05,900 --> 02:14:07,800
ignored and draws them into 
conversation. 

2419
02:14:07,800 --> 02:14:11,800
She Smooths over a potential 
argument between two Nobles who 

2420
02:14:11,808 --> 02:14:15,100
have had too much wine. 
She signals servants to refill 

2421
02:14:15,100 --> 02:14:17,600
cups, clear plates, and adjust 
lighting. 

2422
02:14:17,600 --> 02:14:21,400
She makes it all look effortless
which is how, you know, she's 

2423
02:14:21,400 --> 02:14:25,000
working hard. 
Running a royal Feast is its own

2424
02:14:25,008 --> 02:14:28,300
kind of governance. 
Eventually the feast winds down 

2425
02:14:28,300 --> 02:14:31,900
guests, begin to leave offering.
Elaborate, thanks and 

2426
02:14:31,900 --> 02:14:34,600
compliments. 
You accept their gratitude with 

2427
02:14:34,600 --> 02:14:37,400
appropriate. 
Royal graciousness privately. 

2428
02:14:37,400 --> 02:14:40,300
Relieved that you consume retire
to quarters where you won't have

2429
02:14:40,300 --> 02:14:43,900
to be on anymore. 
The servants will spend hours 

2430
02:14:43,900 --> 02:14:46,100
cleaning up, but that's not your
concern. 

2431
02:14:46,100 --> 02:14:49,400
Your concern is saying good 
night to the last few stragglers

2432
02:14:49,400 --> 02:14:52,100
without being rude or appearing 
to eager to get rid of them. 

2433
02:14:52,900 --> 02:14:56,700
The next morning brings you to 
your greatest Obsession and most

2434
02:14:56,700 --> 02:14:59,700
enduring Legacy your building 
projects. 

2435
02:14:59,700 --> 02:15:04,600
Every Fair Oaks is practically a
job requirement but you've taken

2436
02:15:04,600 --> 02:15:07,300
it to new levels. 
You're not just maintaining 

2437
02:15:07,300 --> 02:15:10,500
existing structures. 
You're creating monuments that 

2438
02:15:10,500 --> 02:15:13,500
will Outlast You by Millennia, 
your Mortuary Temple. 

2439
02:15:13,500 --> 02:15:17,500
Your additions to the Great 
temple complexes and the statues

2440
02:15:17,500 --> 02:15:20,100
bearing your face. 
These will tell future 

2441
02:15:20,100 --> 02:15:23,600
Generations that you were here 
that you mattered and that you 

2442
02:15:23,600 --> 02:15:27,000
did things worth remembering. 
You're at the construction site 

2443
02:15:27,000 --> 02:15:29,800
of your Mortuary Temple 
accompanied by the Chief 

2444
02:15:29,800 --> 02:15:33,700
Architect, the project overseer 
and approximately 1,000 workers 

2445
02:15:33,700 --> 02:15:36,700
who are currently moving stone 
blocks that way more than 

2446
02:15:36,700 --> 02:15:40,400
several people can buy and the 
sound of construction fills the 

2447
02:15:40,400 --> 02:15:44,400
air chisels on Stone, wooden 
sledges scraping across sand 

2448
02:15:44,400 --> 02:15:47,400
Foreman shouting instructions 
and workers. 

2449
02:15:47,400 --> 02:15:49,800
Chanting rhythmic work song 
songs to coordinate their 

2450
02:15:49,800 --> 02:15:52,500
efforts. 
The scale of the project is 

2451
02:15:52,500 --> 02:15:56,900
staggering the temple complex 
will cover Acres with massive 

2452
02:15:56,900 --> 02:16:00,600
pylons at the entrance 
Courtyards surrounded by columns

2453
02:16:00,600 --> 02:16:04,200
hypostyle Halls, where Forest 
sized Stone pillars, create 

2454
02:16:04,200 --> 02:16:08,700
artificial shade sanctuaries for
the gods and Chambers for the 

2455
02:16:08,700 --> 02:16:12,200
rituals that will maintain your 
cult after death right now. 

2456
02:16:12,200 --> 02:16:16,300
It's a construction site chaotic
and dusty, but the architect's 

2457
02:16:16,300 --> 02:16:19,100
plans show you what it will 
become and the vision is 

2458
02:16:19,100 --> 02:16:23,100
magnificent You walk through the
site, stepping carefully over 

2459
02:16:23,100 --> 02:16:26,100
tools and cut. 
Stone workers, pause in their 

2460
02:16:26,100 --> 02:16:29,400
labor to Bow as you pass and you
not acknowledgement. 

2461
02:16:30,200 --> 02:16:32,400
These men. 
And they are almost all men, 

2462
02:16:32,400 --> 02:16:36,500
though, women participate in 
some aspects of construction, a 

2463
02:16:36,500 --> 02:16:39,900
skilled professionals. 
Stonecutters can split Granite 

2464
02:16:39,900 --> 02:16:41,400
with Precision. 
That seems impossible. 

2465
02:16:42,299 --> 02:16:45,100
The Masons can fit blocks 
together so tightly that you 

2466
02:16:45,100 --> 02:16:48,200
couldn't slip a knife blade 
between them, the artist carving

2467
02:16:48,200 --> 02:16:50,299
reliefs can turn flat stone into
images. 

2468
02:16:50,299 --> 02:16:53,000
So life, like they seem ready to
step off the wall. 

2469
02:16:54,200 --> 02:16:56,500
The architecture shows you the 
foundation work for the Great 

2470
02:16:56,500 --> 02:16:58,700
Hall. 
Limestone blocks of being laid 

2471
02:16:58,700 --> 02:17:02,299
with mathematical Precision, 
creating a level platform for 

2472
02:17:02,299 --> 02:17:04,000
the columns that will support 
the roof. 

2473
02:17:04,799 --> 02:17:09,400
Each block has been cut to exact
specifications, its surfaces 

2474
02:17:09,400 --> 02:17:14,100
smooth to near-perfect flatness.
The ancient Egyptians don't have

2475
02:17:14,100 --> 02:17:17,299
the tools future civilizations 
will develop, but they've 

2476
02:17:17,299 --> 02:17:20,000
mastered the art of working 
stone with copper tools 

2477
02:17:20,000 --> 02:17:24,100
abrasives and an apparently 
infinite capacity for patient 

2478
02:17:24,100 --> 02:17:26,900
precise labor. 
You examine the columns being 

2479
02:17:26,900 --> 02:17:30,100
carved nearby These will be 
Papyrus form. 

2480
02:17:30,100 --> 02:17:34,299
Columns shaped like bundles of 
Papyrus stems topped with 

2481
02:17:34,308 --> 02:17:37,100
capitals that look like opened 
Papyrus flowers. 

2482
02:17:37,100 --> 02:17:41,700
The symbolism is deliberate. 
Papyrus grows in the marshes of 

2483
02:17:41,700 --> 02:17:45,100
Lower Egypt, representing the 
northern part of your kingdom. 

2484
02:17:45,100 --> 02:17:47,799
The Craftsmen are working on the
decorative elements. 

2485
02:17:47,799 --> 02:17:51,000
Now carving higher a glyphs that
will describe your victories, 

2486
02:17:51,000 --> 02:17:54,600
your Devotion, to the gods and 
your legitimate right to rule. 

2487
02:17:55,700 --> 02:17:58,400
The reliefs on the walls are 
taking shape under the artist 

2488
02:17:58,400 --> 02:18:00,700
chisels. 
These aren't just decorative 

2489
02:18:00,700 --> 02:18:04,100
their narrative, theological, 
and political statements. 

2490
02:18:04,799 --> 02:18:06,900
Here showing making offerings to
the gods. 

2491
02:18:06,900 --> 02:18:10,900
Maintaining the cosmic order? 
Their your defeating enemies 

2492
02:18:10,900 --> 02:18:15,100
protecting Egypt from chaos. 
In another scene, you receiving 

2493
02:18:15,100 --> 02:18:17,200
the symbols of kingship from the
gods themselves. 

2494
02:18:17,200 --> 02:18:20,000
Visual Proof of Your Divine 
mandate. 

2495
02:18:20,799 --> 02:18:24,200
The artists are working from 
approved designs but within 

2496
02:18:24,200 --> 02:18:27,000
those parameters, they're 
creating art that will last for 

2497
02:18:27,000 --> 02:18:29,600
ages. 
A master sculptor is working on 

2498
02:18:29,600 --> 02:18:33,100
a colossal statue of you in the 
traditional fairy onic pose 

2499
02:18:33,100 --> 02:18:37,400
standing left leg forward arms 
at your sides. 

2500
02:18:37,400 --> 02:18:40,799
Wearing the names headdress and 
holding Royal Insignia. 

2501
02:18:40,799 --> 02:18:44,400
The statue is carved from Red, 
Granite quarried, hundreds of 

2502
02:18:44,407 --> 02:18:48,200
miles, south and transported 
here by boat and sledge at 

2503
02:18:48,200 --> 02:18:51,200
enormous effort and expense. 
It's not finished yet. 

2504
02:18:51,200 --> 02:18:54,600
The face needs more refining and
details need to be added, but 

2505
02:18:54,600 --> 02:18:58,000
already, it's impressive. 
The statue is three times your 

2506
02:18:58,000 --> 02:19:00,799
actual height because subtlety 
is not the point here. 

2507
02:19:00,799 --> 02:19:05,400
The point is to inspire or you 
discuss proportions with the 

2508
02:19:05,400 --> 02:19:08,900
sculptor, whose been working on 
Royal statues for decades. 

2509
02:19:08,900 --> 02:19:12,299
He explains the mathematical 
ratios that governed Egyptian 

2510
02:19:12,299 --> 02:19:15,299
art, the relationships between 
different body parts. 

2511
02:19:15,299 --> 02:19:19,200
The angles that create the ideal
form and the conventions that 

2512
02:19:19,200 --> 02:19:22,000
make a statue, Completely fairly
on it. 

2513
02:19:22,000 --> 02:19:25,700
Egyptian art isn't realistic in 
the way later cultures will 

2514
02:19:25,700 --> 02:19:30,600
Define realism its idealized 
formalized and designed to 

2515
02:19:30,600 --> 02:19:33,200
represent truth, rather than 
mere appearance. 

2516
02:19:33,200 --> 02:19:37,200
Your statute, doesn't need to 
look exactly like you, it needs 

2517
02:19:37,200 --> 02:19:40,200
to look like the Eternal perfect
idea of you. 

2518
02:19:40,200 --> 02:19:42,500
The overseer shows you the work 
schedule. 

2519
02:19:42,500 --> 02:19:45,799
Thousands of workers are 
employed on this project alone 

2520
02:19:45,799 --> 02:19:48,900
organized into teams with 
specialized skills. 

2521
02:19:48,900 --> 02:19:53,600
There are Quarrymen haulers 
Masons Carvers painters, 

2522
02:19:53,600 --> 02:19:57,000
plasterers toolmakers Cooks to 
feed everyone. 

2523
02:19:57,000 --> 02:20:01,400
Scribes to track supplies and 
wages and Foreman to coordinate 

2524
02:20:01,400 --> 02:20:03,600
efforts. 
It's a massive logistical 

2525
02:20:03,600 --> 02:20:07,100
undertaking that requires 
careful planning, consistent 

2526
02:20:07,100 --> 02:20:09,300
resources and competent 
management. 

2527
02:20:10,200 --> 02:20:13,400
You asked about the workers 
conditions because despite what 

2528
02:20:13,400 --> 02:20:16,500
future people will believe these
aren't slaves. 

2529
02:20:16,500 --> 02:20:20,600
Their paid laborers, some 
working full-time, others, 

2530
02:20:20,600 --> 02:20:24,100
fulfilling their annual labor, 
obligation to the state they 

2531
02:20:24,100 --> 02:20:28,500
receive rations of grain beer, 
vegetables, and occasionally 

2532
02:20:28,500 --> 02:20:31,200
meet They have off days for 
festivals. 

2533
02:20:31,200 --> 02:20:34,500
They live in purpose-built, 
worker, villages with houses, 

2534
02:20:34,500 --> 02:20:37,600
Medical Care and even a kind of 
a labor dispute resolution 

2535
02:20:37,600 --> 02:20:41,100
system. 
It's not luxury, but it's also 

2536
02:20:41,100 --> 02:20:43,700
not the brutal. 
Oppression that pyramids and 

2537
02:20:43,700 --> 02:20:46,800
slavery myths would suggest the 
project is on schedule. 

2538
02:20:46,800 --> 02:20:50,100
The overseer assures you though,
on schedule for ancient 

2539
02:20:50,100 --> 02:20:52,800
Egyptian, construction means 
years or decades. 

2540
02:20:53,600 --> 02:20:57,500
You won't see this Temple 
completed your successor, might 

2541
02:20:57,500 --> 02:21:00,200
not see it completed, but it 
will be completed. 

2542
02:21:00,200 --> 02:21:04,400
And when it is it will stand as 
a testament to your Reign, your 

2543
02:21:04,400 --> 02:21:07,700
Devotion to the gods and your 
determination to be remembered 

2544
02:21:07,700 --> 02:21:10,700
you visit the workshops where 
Artisans are creating the 

2545
02:21:10,700 --> 02:21:14,000
smaller but still important 
elements, the gold leaf that 

2546
02:21:14,000 --> 02:21:17,900
will cover certain surfaces the 
precious stone inlays, the 

2547
02:21:17,900 --> 02:21:21,300
bronze doors and the elaborate 
furniture, for the Temple's 

2548
02:21:21,300 --> 02:21:24,600
various Chambers. 
Each item is being made by hand 

2549
02:21:24,600 --> 02:21:27,600
by craftsmen who learn their 
skills from Master's, who 

2550
02:21:27,600 --> 02:21:30,700
learned from their Master's 
maintaining Traditions that 

2551
02:21:30,700 --> 02:21:34,300
stretch back Generations. 
There's something profound about

2552
02:21:34,300 --> 02:21:37,300
watching these Works. 
Take shape every chisel strike 

2553
02:21:37,300 --> 02:21:41,600
every careful measurement and 
every artistic decision is an 

2554
02:21:41,600 --> 02:21:43,100
Act of Creation that will 
Outlast. 

2555
02:21:43,100 --> 02:21:46,000
Everyone involved, the workers 
will die. 

2556
02:21:46,000 --> 02:21:49,100
You will die, even the gods 
might change. 

2557
02:21:49,100 --> 02:21:53,500
But these stones will remain 
these images will endure and 

2558
02:21:53,600 --> 02:21:56,400
These hieroglyphs will continue 
telling your story to people who

2559
02:21:56,400 --> 02:21:59,900
haven't been born yet. 
It's as close to immortality as 

2560
02:21:59,900 --> 02:22:03,700
humans get This evening 
approaches, you find yourself on

2561
02:22:03,700 --> 02:22:07,400
the palace roof, watching the 
sun, descend toward the Western 

2562
02:22:07,400 --> 02:22:09,600
desert. 
This has become something of a 

2563
02:22:09,608 --> 02:22:12,500
ritual for you. 
A quiet moment at the end of the

2564
02:22:12,500 --> 02:22:16,900
day to think to process to 
Simply exist without the weight 

2565
02:22:16,900 --> 02:22:20,800
of performance up here with the 
city spreading out below and the

2566
02:22:20,800 --> 02:22:23,800
desert Beyond you can see your 
kingdom in microcosm. 

2567
02:22:24,600 --> 02:22:27,400
The Nile cuts through the 
landscape, like a dark ribbon 

2568
02:22:27,400 --> 02:22:30,700
reflecting. 
The sunset colors along, its 

2569
02:22:30,700 --> 02:22:33,600
banks fields are darkening, from
green to black as the light 

2570
02:22:33,600 --> 02:22:37,400
Fades towns and Villages are 
coming alive with Lamplight. 

2571
02:22:37,400 --> 02:22:41,100
Tiny golden points appearing as 
family settle in for the 

2572
02:22:41,108 --> 02:22:44,000
evening. 
Smoke rises from cooking fires, 

2573
02:22:44,000 --> 02:22:48,300
carrying the smell of bread and 
grilled fish, Somewhere in the 

2574
02:22:48,300 --> 02:22:50,700
distance. 
You can hear singing probably 

2575
02:22:50,700 --> 02:22:54,200
from a Tavern where workers are 
relaxing after the day's labor? 

2576
02:22:54,200 --> 02:22:58,600
You think about the enormity of 
your responsibility, Those 

2577
02:22:58,600 --> 02:23:02,400
lights represent people. 
Millions of them who depend on 

2578
02:23:02,400 --> 02:23:05,500
you to maintain that to keep the
Nile flowing. 

2579
02:23:05,500 --> 02:23:10,300
The Harvest coming the border 
secure and the gods satisfied. 

2580
02:23:10,300 --> 02:23:13,800
You didn't ask for this 
responsibility, you were born 

2581
02:23:13,808 --> 02:23:17,000
into it, trained for it from 
childhood, had it placed on your

2582
02:23:17,000 --> 02:23:20,900
head with a crown and declared 
inevitable, by every priest and 

2583
02:23:20,900 --> 02:23:24,300
official in Egypt. 
But you've accepted it and most 

2584
02:23:24,300 --> 02:23:26,400
days you believe you're doing an
adequate job. 

2585
02:23:26,400 --> 02:23:29,700
The concept of Mount occupies 
your thoughts often. 

2586
02:23:29,700 --> 02:23:33,800
It's more than just law or 
Justice, it's Cosmic order. 

2587
02:23:33,800 --> 02:23:37,300
The way things should be the 
balance between chaos and 

2588
02:23:37,300 --> 02:23:40,800
civilization. 
Your entire Reign is judged by 

2589
02:23:40,800 --> 02:23:44,000
how well you maintain that. 
Do you speak truth? 

2590
02:23:44,000 --> 02:23:48,500
Do you ensure Fair judgment? 
Do you support the gods temples?

2591
02:23:48,500 --> 02:23:50,900
Do you keep Egypt, prosperous 
and secure. 

2592
02:23:51,800 --> 02:23:54,600
Every decision you make is 
supposed to reinforce all order 

2593
02:23:54,600 --> 02:23:58,400
and push back against chaos is 
fed the force that wants to 

2594
02:23:58,400 --> 02:24:01,200
unmake everything. 
It's an impossible standard, 

2595
02:24:01,200 --> 02:24:05,100
really your human, despite what 
the theology says. 

2596
02:24:05,100 --> 02:24:09,900
You make mistakes, you have 
biases, you get tired and cranky

2597
02:24:09,900 --> 02:24:12,400
and occasionally makes decisions
because they're easy easier. 

2598
02:24:12,400 --> 02:24:16,300
Rather than because they're 
right, you try every morning, 

2599
02:24:16,300 --> 02:24:18,100
you wake up and try to be the 
fairer. 

2600
02:24:18,100 --> 02:24:22,600
Egypt needs the living Horus, 
the son of raw, The Shepherd of 

2601
02:24:22,600 --> 02:24:25,500
the people. 
You think about mortality, which

2602
02:24:25,500 --> 02:24:28,900
is, ironic considering you're 
supposed to be divine, but 

2603
02:24:28,900 --> 02:24:31,000
Divinity doesn't make you immune
to death. 

2604
02:24:31,000 --> 02:24:34,200
It just means you're expected to
continue being important. 

2605
02:24:34,200 --> 02:24:36,800
After death, your tomb is being 
prepared. 

2606
02:24:36,800 --> 02:24:39,500
In the Valley of the Kings cut 
deep into the mountain. 

2607
02:24:39,500 --> 02:24:43,400
Rock, its walls covered with 
religious texts and images to 

2608
02:24:43,400 --> 02:24:46,400
guide you through the afterlife,
your burial goods are 

2609
02:24:46,400 --> 02:24:51,300
accumulating furniture clothes, 
jewelry food, everything you 

2610
02:24:51,300 --> 02:24:55,100
might need in the next world. 
The ancient Egyptians have made 

2611
02:24:55,100 --> 02:24:57,000
an art form of dealing with 
death. 

2612
02:24:57,000 --> 02:25:00,400
You don't just die. 
You transform Journey Through 

2613
02:25:00,400 --> 02:25:03,100
the underworld face judgment 
before the gods. 

2614
02:25:03,100 --> 02:25:06,200
And if you passed join the 
Blessed dead Who Live Forever, 

2615
02:25:06,200 --> 02:25:09,300
The Book of the Dead, which 
isn't actually a book, but a 

2616
02:25:09,308 --> 02:25:12,300
collection of spells and 
instructions will be placed in 

2617
02:25:12,300 --> 02:25:15,500
your tomb to help you navigate 
the dangers of the afterlife. 

2618
02:25:15,500 --> 02:25:18,700
You've read it. 
Of course, it's comforting. 

2619
02:25:18,700 --> 02:25:21,900
In a way, all those details 
instructions about what to say 

2620
02:25:21,900 --> 02:25:25,400
and do as if death is just 
another Journey that can be 

2621
02:25:25,408 --> 02:25:28,100
planned for your 
accomplishments, run through 

2622
02:25:28,100 --> 02:25:31,100
your mind, like a scroll on 
rolling treaties. 

2623
02:25:31,100 --> 02:25:34,900
Negotiated temples, billed, 
enemies defeated laws, enacted, 

2624
02:25:34,900 --> 02:25:39,000
canals and Justice administered.
Some of it was significant. 

2625
02:25:39,000 --> 02:25:42,600
Some of it will be forgotten by 
next year, but you've tried to 

2626
02:25:42,600 --> 02:25:45,300
make Egypt, better than you 
found it to leave something 

2627
02:25:45,300 --> 02:25:48,700
lasting those buildings rising 
from the desert floor. 

2628
02:25:48,700 --> 02:25:52,800
Those inscriptions on Temple 
walls, those legal precedents. 

2629
02:25:52,800 --> 02:25:56,000
They're your legacy. 
The proof that you existed and 

2630
02:25:56,000 --> 02:25:59,500
mattered, but there are failures
too things. 

2631
02:25:59,500 --> 02:26:02,500
You regret hasty decisions that 
caused problems. 

2632
02:26:02,500 --> 02:26:05,400
Later people, you trusted who 
betrayed that? 

2633
02:26:05,400 --> 02:26:08,300
Trust? 
Projects that consumed resources

2634
02:26:08,300 --> 02:26:11,700
but delivered little moments 
when you chose political 

2635
02:26:11,700 --> 02:26:16,100
expediency over Justice because 
the alternative seem to costly 

2636
02:26:16,100 --> 02:26:19,600
the weight of rule includes 
carrying those failures learning

2637
02:26:19,600 --> 02:26:22,300
from them if possible and 
accepting them, when learning 

2638
02:26:22,300 --> 02:26:25,900
isn't enough. 
The sun touches the Horizon and 

2639
02:26:25,900 --> 02:26:28,800
the sky erupts in Reds and 
oranges and purples. 

2640
02:26:28,800 --> 02:26:32,300
The Egyptians believed the sun 
god rare travels through the 

2641
02:26:32,300 --> 02:26:35,500
underworld each night. 
Fighting The Serpent of chaos, 

2642
02:26:35,500 --> 02:26:39,400
ensuring the sun rises again 
each morning, you've helped that

2643
02:26:39,400 --> 02:26:42,800
process through your rituals but
watching the sunset. 

2644
02:26:42,800 --> 02:26:45,900
You wonder if Iran needs the 
help or if the Sun would rise 

2645
02:26:45,900 --> 02:26:50,000
anyway, Theology says, one 
thing, your secret thoughts, 

2646
02:26:50,000 --> 02:26:53,300
sometimes suggest another, you 
think about your children and 

2647
02:26:53,300 --> 02:26:56,300
what kind of, Egypt, they'll 
inherit your eldest son, will 

2648
02:26:56,300 --> 02:27:00,000
likely be the next fairer, the 
royal succession in Egypt, is an

2649
02:27:00,000 --> 02:27:03,400
always straightforward. 
He's young still more interested

2650
02:27:03,400 --> 02:27:06,200
in the glory of King ship than 
its tedious reality. 

2651
02:27:07,100 --> 02:27:09,500
You hope you'll learn and hope 
you'll understand that being 

2652
02:27:09,500 --> 02:27:11,800
Pharaoh means more 
responsibility than power. 

2653
02:27:11,800 --> 02:27:15,000
You hope he'll be wise enough to
listen to good advisors and 

2654
02:27:15,000 --> 02:27:16,900
strong enough to ignore bad 
ones. 

2655
02:27:17,900 --> 02:27:21,000
Stars are appearing now, 
familiar constellations, the 

2656
02:27:21,000 --> 02:27:24,200
Egyptians of named and mapped 
and incorporated into their 

2657
02:27:24,200 --> 02:27:27,200
religious beliefs. 
Those Stars will be there long 

2658
02:27:27,200 --> 02:27:30,400
after you're gone, looking down 
on future, pharaohs future, 

2659
02:27:30,400 --> 02:27:34,500
Egypt, and future worlds, you 
can't imagine it's humbling in a

2660
02:27:34,500 --> 02:27:37,600
way to think about the vastness 
of time in your tiny place in 

2661
02:27:37,600 --> 02:27:40,400
it. 
But it's also comforting your 

2662
02:27:40,400 --> 02:27:43,700
part of something larger than 
yourself, part of a chain of 

2663
02:27:43,700 --> 02:27:48,000
Kings, stretching back to normal
who first United Egypt and 

2664
02:27:48,000 --> 02:27:51,600
forward to rulers, you'll never 
meet the evening call to prayer,

2665
02:27:51,600 --> 02:27:55,300
rises from the Temple's Priest, 
singing hymns to the gods 

2666
02:27:55,300 --> 02:27:58,600
thanking them for the day, 
asking for their protection. 

2667
02:27:58,600 --> 02:28:02,200
Through the night, the sound 
carries across the city and you 

2668
02:28:02,208 --> 02:28:05,000
find yourself humming along with
the familiar melodies. 

2669
02:28:05,900 --> 02:28:08,700
You may be a pharaoh, but you're
also a worshiper. 

2670
02:28:08,700 --> 02:28:12,900
Someone who acknowledges Powers 
greater than yourself as 

2671
02:28:12,900 --> 02:28:15,300
Darkness settles over Egypt. 
You feel the days? 

2672
02:28:15,300 --> 02:28:19,100
Tension's releasing tomorrow 
will bring new challenges, new 

2673
02:28:19,100 --> 02:28:22,700
responsibilities and new 
opportunities to maintain mayor 

2674
02:28:22,700 --> 02:28:26,000
to fail trying. 
But for now, this moment is 

2675
02:28:26,000 --> 02:28:28,600
enough. 
Standing on your Palace roof, 

2676
02:28:28,600 --> 02:28:32,400
watching your kingdom, settle 
into night, being simply 

2677
02:28:32,400 --> 02:28:35,800
yourself before you have to be 
Pharaoh again, you turn away 

2678
02:28:35,800 --> 02:28:38,400
from The View and head back 
inside, ready for the evening 

2679
02:28:38,400 --> 02:28:42,100
meal, for the rituals that will 
prepare you for sleep, and for 

2680
02:28:42,100 --> 02:28:45,200
another night's rest. 
Before another day's Reign, the 

2681
02:28:45,200 --> 02:28:47,700
palace swallows you back into 
its routines. 

2682
02:28:47,700 --> 02:28:50,700
But you carry the piece of that 
rooftop moment with you. 

2683
02:28:50,700 --> 02:28:54,700
A reminder that underneath all 
the ceremony and responsibility,

2684
02:28:54,700 --> 02:28:59,000
your human living, a life 
measured in sunsets and 

2685
02:28:59,000 --> 02:29:02,900
decisions, trying to do right in
a world that rarely makes 

2686
02:29:02,900 --> 02:29:07,000
rightness easy, you lie in bed. 
Again, the day circuit complete 

2687
02:29:07,000 --> 02:29:11,200
tomorrow, you'll wake and do it 
all again, the rituals, the 

2688
02:29:11,200 --> 02:29:15,100
governance, the building the 
responsibility, It's a rhythm as

2689
02:29:15,100 --> 02:29:19,300
reliable as the Niles flood, as 
predictable as the sun's daily 

2690
02:29:19,300 --> 02:29:22,100
Journey. 
You're not Immortal, despite the

2691
02:29:22,100 --> 02:29:25,000
Divine titles. 
You're a person doing a job that

2692
02:29:25,000 --> 02:29:28,300
happens to involve being treated
like a god, your legacy will be 

2693
02:29:28,300 --> 02:29:32,600
stoned and law, temples and 
treaties children who carry your

2694
02:29:32,600 --> 02:29:36,400
bloodline forward and officials 
who learned from your decisions.

2695
02:29:36,400 --> 02:29:40,600
Some of it will last Millennia, 
some will be forgotten within a 

2696
02:29:40,600 --> 02:29:43,600
generation such as the nature of
human endeavor. 

2697
02:29:44,300 --> 02:29:47,900
But for now you sleep knowing 
the sun will rise again because 

2698
02:29:47,900 --> 02:29:52,000
Rah travels through the night or
because the Earth rotates or 

2699
02:29:52,000 --> 02:29:55,500
because that's simply what Sons 
do your job is to be there when 

2700
02:29:55,500 --> 02:30:00,000
it rises to perform the rituals 
to govern justly and to maintain

2701
02:30:00,000 --> 02:30:04,000
that for another day. 
The weight of the crown rests on

2702
02:30:04,000 --> 02:30:08,100
a stand nearby silent and 
patient waiting for morning. 

2703
02:30:08,100 --> 02:30:12,200
Outside the Nile flows northward
as it always has carrying 

2704
02:30:12,200 --> 02:30:15,800
Egypt's life toward the sea and 
in the Eternal cycle of rising, 

2705
02:30:15,800 --> 02:30:19,400
and setting of flooding, and 
planting, and harvesting of life

2706
02:30:19,400 --> 02:30:24,300
and death and life again. 
You are Pharaoh Divine mortal, 

2707
02:30:24,300 --> 02:30:27,900
powerful. 
Vulnerable responsible for 

2708
02:30:27,900 --> 02:30:32,500
everything master of nothing, 
but your intentions sleep comes 

2709
02:30:32,500 --> 02:30:35,000
gently. 
Carrying you toward dreams of 

2710
02:30:35,008 --> 02:30:38,100
the perfect Egypt, you build 
each night and wake to 

2711
02:30:38,100 --> 02:30:45,800
approximate each day. 
Long before Laboratories humped 

2712
02:30:45,800 --> 02:30:48,500
with microscopes and databases 
clicked through millions of 

2713
02:30:48,500 --> 02:30:52,100
fingerprint matches, detective 
solved crimes, using nothing 

2714
02:30:52,100 --> 02:30:56,800
more than sharp eyes, patient 
ears and details notebooks. 

2715
02:30:57,700 --> 02:31:00,700
You're about to discover how 
these early investigators pieced

2716
02:31:00,700 --> 02:31:03,800
together, mysteries in an era 
when forensic science, barely 

2717
02:31:03,800 --> 02:31:07,100
existed. 
You stand in a London Street on 

2718
02:31:07,100 --> 02:31:11,800
a foggy November morning in 
1863, the Gaslamp still flicker 

2719
02:31:11,800 --> 02:31:14,000
along the cobblestones even 
though dawn has arrived. 

2720
02:31:14,700 --> 02:31:18,400
Somewhere in the distance. 
A church bell Mark. 7:00 The fog

2721
02:31:18,400 --> 02:31:20,200
tastes of coal smoke and 
dampness. 

2722
02:31:20,200 --> 02:31:23,700
You can feel it settling on your
coat, like a cold wet blanket. 

2723
02:31:23,700 --> 02:31:27,400
A constable Rush is passed. 
You his boots flashed through a 

2724
02:31:27,400 --> 02:31:29,300
puddle. 
He carries a wooden rattle that 

2725
02:31:29,300 --> 02:31:30,900
police officers used to call for
help. 

2726
02:31:31,700 --> 02:31:33,400
The sound cuts through the 
morning. 

2727
02:31:33,400 --> 02:31:35,800
Quiet. 
You follow him around the corner

2728
02:31:35,800 --> 02:31:37,800
to wear a small crowd, has 
gathered outside. 

2729
02:31:37,800 --> 02:31:41,300
A jewelry shop, the front window
has been smashed glass 

2730
02:31:41,300 --> 02:31:43,000
fragments. 
Catch the dim light like 

2731
02:31:43,000 --> 02:31:46,600
scattered stars on the pavement.
This is how detective work 

2732
02:31:46,600 --> 02:31:49,900
begins in the age before. 
Fingerprints, someone notices, 

2733
02:31:49,900 --> 02:31:53,500
something wrong, people, gather 
a constable arrives, and then 

2734
02:31:53,500 --> 02:31:56,800
the real work starts, The 
Constable takes out a small 

2735
02:31:56,800 --> 02:31:59,200
notebook. 
His pencil moves slowly across 

2736
02:31:59,200 --> 02:32:03,200
the page as he writes down every
detail, he can see The broken 

2737
02:32:03,200 --> 02:32:06,900
window, the empty display case. 
The muddy Footprints leading 

2738
02:32:06,900 --> 02:32:09,900
away, down the alley. 
He does not have photographs. 

2739
02:32:09,900 --> 02:32:13,300
He does not have fingerprint 
powder, he has his eyes and his 

2740
02:32:13,300 --> 02:32:15,000
ability to describe what he 
sees. 

2741
02:32:15,000 --> 02:32:17,900
You watch him sketch, the scene 
in rough lines. 

2742
02:32:17,900 --> 02:32:20,600
His drawing shows the position 
of the broken glass. 

2743
02:32:20,600 --> 02:32:24,200
Some pieces fell inside the 
shop, other scattered onto the 

2744
02:32:24,208 --> 02:32:26,200
street. 
This tells him, something 

2745
02:32:26,200 --> 02:32:30,700
important, the glass broke from 
outside to inside the thief, 

2746
02:32:30,700 --> 02:32:33,200
stood, on the street, and struck
the window with Force. 

2747
02:32:33,200 --> 02:32:36,200
He nails down to examine the 
footprints more closely. 

2748
02:32:36,200 --> 02:32:38,800
The mud is fresh. 
It rained. 

2749
02:32:38,800 --> 02:32:40,700
Last night in the ground is 
still soft. 

2750
02:32:40,700 --> 02:32:42,800
He can see the pattern on the 
soul. 

2751
02:32:42,800 --> 02:32:45,900
It shows a distinctive wear 
pattern on the left heel. 

2752
02:32:46,700 --> 02:32:49,000
One boot clearly has a crack 
running across it. 

2753
02:32:49,800 --> 02:32:52,500
He copies this pattern into his 
notebook with careful attention 

2754
02:32:52,500 --> 02:32:55,800
to every line and curve. 
This is observation. 

2755
02:32:55,800 --> 02:32:59,200
This is the foundation of all 
detective work before modern 

2756
02:32:59,200 --> 02:33:01,100
forensics. 
You learned to look at 

2757
02:33:01,100 --> 02:33:03,000
everything. 
You learned to see what others 

2758
02:33:03,000 --> 02:33:06,100
miss, you learn that every 
criminal leaves traces of 

2759
02:33:06,100 --> 02:33:09,700
themselves behind whether they 
mean to or not, The Constable 

2760
02:33:09,700 --> 02:33:11,500
asks, the shopkeeper about what 
happened. 

2761
02:33:12,400 --> 02:33:15,200
The shopkeeper arrived at his 
usual time of 6:30 in the 

2762
02:33:15,208 --> 02:33:18,800
morning, he found the window 
broken and three gold watches 

2763
02:33:18,800 --> 02:33:22,900
missing from the display. 
Nothing else was taken the til 

2764
02:33:22,900 --> 02:33:25,100
remained. 
Untouched in the back room, this

2765
02:33:25,100 --> 02:33:28,500
strike, the Constable as unusual
most thieves would take whatever

2766
02:33:28,500 --> 02:33:31,700
they could grab you, follow the 
Constable as he walks the street

2767
02:33:31,700 --> 02:33:35,000
asking questions an old woman 
who lives above the bakery heard

2768
02:33:35,000 --> 02:33:36,700
glass breaking around 3 in the 
morning. 

2769
02:33:37,500 --> 02:33:39,900
She looked out her window, but 
saw only Shadows moving in the 

2770
02:33:39,908 --> 02:33:41,500
fog. 
A night Watchman. 

2771
02:33:41,500 --> 02:33:44,300
Patrolled this street at 2:00, 
and saw nothing suspicious. 

2772
02:33:45,300 --> 02:33:47,200
Between two and three. 
In the morning, someone broke 

2773
02:33:47,200 --> 02:33:48,700
the window and took those 
watches. 

2774
02:33:49,400 --> 02:33:52,500
The Constable writes down every 
statement in his notebook, he 

2775
02:33:52,500 --> 02:33:53,600
Records. 
Who said, what? 

2776
02:33:53,600 --> 02:33:57,000
And at what time these written 
records, become the backbone of 

2777
02:33:57,008 --> 02:33:59,700
the investigation without them 
details. 

2778
02:33:59,700 --> 02:34:02,600
Blur and fade memory proves 
unreliable. 

2779
02:34:02,600 --> 02:34:07,600
But words on paper, stay fixed 
and certain By mid-morning, the 

2780
02:34:07,600 --> 02:34:10,100
Constable is filled several 
pages with observations and 

2781
02:34:10,100 --> 02:34:12,400
statements. 
He has sketches of the broken 

2782
02:34:12,400 --> 02:34:14,300
window. 
He has descriptions of the 

2783
02:34:14,300 --> 02:34:17,500
missing watches, he has the 
pattern of that distinctive boot

2784
02:34:17,500 --> 02:34:20,000
print. 
Now comes the next phase of 

2785
02:34:20,000 --> 02:34:22,800
early detective work. 
He must take all this 

2786
02:34:22,800 --> 02:34:24,300
information and figure out what 
it means. 

2787
02:34:24,300 --> 02:34:28,100
You watch, as he reviews his 
notes, the broken glass pattern 

2788
02:34:28,100 --> 02:34:30,600
shows force from outside the 
selective. 

2789
02:34:30,600 --> 02:34:33,100
Theft of only watches suggest 
someone who knew what they 

2790
02:34:33,100 --> 02:34:35,500
wanted. 
The timing between the night 

2791
02:34:35,500 --> 02:34:38,100
watchman's rounds and the 
neighbor's observation gives a 

2792
02:34:38,100 --> 02:34:40,600
narrow window. 
The boot print provides a 

2793
02:34:40,600 --> 02:34:43,800
physical detail that might 
identify the thief in this era, 

2794
02:34:43,800 --> 02:34:45,500
police work. 
Relies heavily on local 

2795
02:34:45,500 --> 02:34:47,600
knowledge. 
The Constable knows, the people 

2796
02:34:47,600 --> 02:34:50,400
who live on his beat. 
He knows which residents work 

2797
02:34:50,400 --> 02:34:52,600
honest jobs and which ones have 
questionable reputation. 

2798
02:34:52,600 --> 02:34:55,800
He knows where stolen goods 
typically get sold. 

2799
02:34:55,800 --> 02:34:58,100
He knows the ways of crime in 
his district. 

2800
02:34:58,100 --> 02:35:01,100
He walks to a nearby public 
house where he knows certain 

2801
02:35:01,100 --> 02:35:04,400
individuals gather. 
The Publican nods when the 

2802
02:35:04,400 --> 02:35:07,600
Constable asks about strangers 
in the area, a man with a 

2803
02:35:07,600 --> 02:35:10,000
noticeable limp came in last 
night, asking about buying 

2804
02:35:10,000 --> 02:35:14,100
pocket watches, he wore muddy 
boots and seemed nervous he left

2805
02:35:14,100 --> 02:35:16,600
before the Publican could engage
him in much conversation. 

2806
02:35:16,600 --> 02:35:20,100
This information matters, the 
Constable adds it to his growing

2807
02:35:20,100 --> 02:35:23,200
collection of facts. 
A man with a limp muddy boots 

2808
02:35:23,200 --> 02:35:27,100
interest in pocket watches 
looking for buyers The picture 

2809
02:35:27,100 --> 02:35:30,100
starts to take shape your 
company the Constable to the 

2810
02:35:30,108 --> 02:35:33,000
local pawn shop. 
The pawnbroker keeps detailed 

2811
02:35:33,000 --> 02:35:34,600
records of everything. 
Brought to him. 

2812
02:35:34,600 --> 02:35:37,400
The law requires this. 
He must write down. 

2813
02:35:37,400 --> 02:35:38,200
Who pawns? 
What? 

2814
02:35:38,200 --> 02:35:42,300
And when The Constable flips 
Through The Ledger looking for 

2815
02:35:42,300 --> 02:35:44,800
recent entries. 
Involving watches nothing from 

2816
02:35:44,800 --> 02:35:47,500
this morning yet. 
But he asks, the pawnbroker to 

2817
02:35:47,500 --> 02:35:49,200
send word. 
If anyone tries to sell three 

2818
02:35:49,200 --> 02:35:52,900
gold watches matching the stolen
description, This network of 

2819
02:35:52,900 --> 02:35:55,200
informants and cooperating 
businesses forms. 

2820
02:35:55,200 --> 02:35:58,800
Another crucial part of early 
detective work. detectives 

2821
02:35:58,800 --> 02:36:02,500
cannot be everywhere at once 
they need eyes and ears 

2822
02:36:02,500 --> 02:36:05,500
throughout the community 
shopkeepers publicans 

2823
02:36:05,500 --> 02:36:08,900
Pawnbrokers and even reformed 
criminals sometimes provide 

2824
02:36:08,900 --> 02:36:12,700
valuable information The 
Constable returns to the station

2825
02:36:12,700 --> 02:36:13,700
to file. 
His report. 

2826
02:36:13,700 --> 02:36:16,800
You watch him copy his notes 
into the official record book. 

2827
02:36:16,800 --> 02:36:21,400
Every detail gets preserved, the
date, the time, the location, 

2828
02:36:21,400 --> 02:36:25,300
the nature of the crime, the 
witness statements, the physical

2829
02:36:25,300 --> 02:36:29,100
evidence, the leads being 
pursued, senior detectives 

2830
02:36:29,100 --> 02:36:33,600
review, these reports daily They
look for similar info, three 

2831
02:36:33,600 --> 02:36:35,800
jewelry shops, broken into over 
the past month. 

2832
02:36:35,800 --> 02:36:39,600
All during the early morning 
hours, all targeting specific 

2833
02:36:39,600 --> 02:36:42,100
valuable items rather than 
grabbing everything. 

2834
02:36:42,900 --> 02:36:45,300
This suggests someone with 
knowledge and planning rather 

2835
02:36:45,300 --> 02:36:47,200
than desperate opportunistic 
theft. 

2836
02:36:48,300 --> 02:36:51,700
You sit in the detective office 
as they discuss the cases the 

2837
02:36:51,700 --> 02:36:53,700
room smells of tobacco smoke and
old paper. 

2838
02:36:54,400 --> 02:36:57,800
Files Stack Up on every 
available surface maps of 

2839
02:36:57,800 --> 02:36:59,700
London. 
Cover one, entire wall with 

2840
02:36:59,700 --> 02:37:03,200
pins, marking crime locations, 
string, connects related 

2841
02:37:03,200 --> 02:37:07,500
incidents, read for robberies 
blue for burglaries yellow for 

2842
02:37:07,500 --> 02:37:10,300
assaults. 
One detective notices something 

2843
02:37:10,300 --> 02:37:14,000
interesting, the three jewelry 
shop in all happened, within a 

2844
02:37:14,000 --> 02:37:16,800
mile of each other, they all 
occurred between two and four. 

2845
02:37:16,800 --> 02:37:19,300
In the morning, they all 
involved broken front windows. 

2846
02:37:19,300 --> 02:37:22,500
And in each case Witnesses 
mentioned seeing a figure with 

2847
02:37:22,500 --> 02:37:24,700
an unusual, gait moving away 
from the scene. 

2848
02:37:25,300 --> 02:37:29,200
This is pattern recognition. 
Before computers could analyze 

2849
02:37:29,200 --> 02:37:32,600
crime, statistics detectives had
to spot connections themselves. 

2850
02:37:32,600 --> 02:37:35,900
They had to remember details 
from weeks or months ago. 

2851
02:37:36,600 --> 02:37:39,300
They had to see how separate 
instance might actually be the 

2852
02:37:39,300 --> 02:37:44,600
work of one person or one group.
The detective decides to stake 

2853
02:37:44,600 --> 02:37:46,500
out the remaining jewelry, shops
in that area. 

2854
02:37:46,500 --> 02:37:49,900
If the pattern holds another 
break-in might happen soon. 

2855
02:37:49,900 --> 02:37:53,200
Several constables volunteer to 
spend their nights watching and 

2856
02:37:53,200 --> 02:37:55,600
waiting. 
They positioned themselves in 

2857
02:37:55,600 --> 02:37:58,300
doorways and allies where they 
can observe without being seen. 

2858
02:37:59,300 --> 02:38:01,000
You join one. 
Constable on a cold. 

2859
02:38:01,000 --> 02:38:04,200
November night. 
The hours passed slowly your 

2860
02:38:04,200 --> 02:38:06,000
feet grown numb from standing in
one position. 

2861
02:38:07,000 --> 02:38:11,000
Fog rolls in thick and heavy 
every sound seems Amplified in 

2862
02:38:11,000 --> 02:38:14,500
the darkness. 
A cat yells somewhere nearby a 

2863
02:38:14,500 --> 02:38:17,200
drunk staggers. 
Passing off key, a carriage 

2864
02:38:17,200 --> 02:38:20,300
rattles over distant 
cobblestones nothing happens. 

2865
02:38:20,300 --> 02:38:24,700
That first night, all the second
night, all the third, this is 

2866
02:38:24,700 --> 02:38:28,500
also part of early detective 
work patience long hours of 

2867
02:38:28,500 --> 02:38:31,600
watching and waiting the 
willingness to endure border and

2868
02:38:31,600 --> 02:38:34,100
discomfort on the chance of 
catching someone in the act. 

2869
02:38:35,200 --> 02:38:38,300
On the fourth night, you see 
movement near the jewelry shop 

2870
02:38:38,300 --> 02:38:41,400
at the End of the Street. 
Figure approaches from the East.

2871
02:38:41,400 --> 02:38:44,400
The person walks with the 
distinctive limping. 

2872
02:38:44,400 --> 02:38:47,300
The left leg, they paused at the
shop window and look around 

2873
02:38:47,300 --> 02:38:49,600
nervously. 
Then they pull something from 

2874
02:38:49,600 --> 02:38:52,300
their coat. 
In the dim lamp light, you can 

2875
02:38:52,300 --> 02:38:55,900
see it as a short iron bar. 
The Constable steps out from his

2876
02:38:55,900 --> 02:38:59,100
hiding place before the window 
breaks, the suspect tries to 

2877
02:38:59,100 --> 02:39:02,200
run, but the limp slows them 
down within moments, the 

2878
02:39:02,200 --> 02:39:05,500
Constable has them in custody, 
the iron bar clatters to the 

2879
02:39:05,500 --> 02:39:07,500
ground and there on the 
suspects. 

2880
02:39:07,500 --> 02:39:10,500
Left boot visible. 
Even in the poor light runs, a 

2881
02:39:10,500 --> 02:39:12,100
distinctive crack across the 
sole. 

2882
02:39:12,100 --> 02:39:14,600
This is how detective Works 
exceeds before. 

2883
02:39:14,600 --> 02:39:18,200
Fingerprints, careful 
observation detailed records 

2884
02:39:18,200 --> 02:39:22,300
patients surveillance pattern 
recognition and sometimes a bit 

2885
02:39:22,308 --> 02:39:25,400
of luck combined, with 
persistent effort, the suspect 

2886
02:39:25,400 --> 02:39:28,400
gets brought to the station. 
Now, comes another crucial 

2887
02:39:28,400 --> 02:39:31,500
aspect of early detective, work 
the interview, the 

2888
02:39:31,500 --> 02:39:34,200
interrogation. 
The careful questioning designed

2889
02:39:34,200 --> 02:39:38,600
to extract truth from evasion. 
You sit in the interview room, 

2890
02:39:38,600 --> 02:39:41,200
it contains only a wooden table 
and two chairs. 

2891
02:39:41,200 --> 02:39:43,500
A single oil. 
Lamp provides light. 

2892
02:39:45,100 --> 02:39:47,500
The detective sits across from 
the suspect and opens his 

2893
02:39:47,508 --> 02:39:49,900
notebook. 
He does not shout or threatened.

2894
02:39:49,900 --> 02:39:54,200
He speaks calmly and asks, 
simple questions, where were you

2895
02:39:54,200 --> 02:39:57,200
on the night of November 8? 
The suspect claims to have been 

2896
02:39:57,200 --> 02:39:59,600
home sleeping. 
The detective writes this down, 

2897
02:39:59,600 --> 02:40:02,900
he then produces the statement 
from the Publican about limping,

2898
02:40:02,900 --> 02:40:05,000
man, asking about pocket watches
that same night. 

2899
02:40:05,700 --> 02:40:08,400
The suspect shifts 
uncomfortably, the detective 

2900
02:40:08,400 --> 02:40:10,000
points out the crack in the boot
Soul. 

2901
02:40:10,000 --> 02:40:12,900
He shows his drawing of the boot
print from the crime scene. 

2902
02:40:12,900 --> 02:40:17,100
They match exactly. 
The suspect begins to sweat 

2903
02:40:17,100 --> 02:40:18,800
despite the cool temperature in 
the room. 

2904
02:40:18,800 --> 02:40:21,900
This technique relies on 
accumulating evidence and 

2905
02:40:21,900 --> 02:40:25,500
presenting it piece by piece. 
Each fact chips away at the 

2906
02:40:25,508 --> 02:40:28,800
story of the suspect wants to 
tell each contradiction makes 

2907
02:40:28,800 --> 02:40:32,300
denial harder to maintain the 
detective remains patient. 

2908
02:40:32,300 --> 02:40:36,900
He has all night, he can wait. 
Eventually, after hours of 

2909
02:40:36,900 --> 02:40:40,700
careful, questioning the suspect
admits to the break-ins, he 

2910
02:40:40,700 --> 02:40:44,200
reveals where he hid the stolen 
watches, he explains that he 

2911
02:40:44,200 --> 02:40:46,000
needed money to pay gambling 
debts. 

2912
02:40:46,000 --> 02:40:49,900
The limp came from an old injury
that never healed properly, he 

2913
02:40:49,900 --> 02:40:52,500
thought it would not matter. 
He did not realize how 

2914
02:40:52,500 --> 02:40:54,800
distinctive his walk appeared or
how easily. 

2915
02:40:54,800 --> 02:40:57,700
Someone could identify his boot 
prints, the watches get 

2916
02:40:57,700 --> 02:41:02,000
recovered, the suspect faces, 
charges the case closes, all 

2917
02:41:02,000 --> 02:41:05,600
without a single fingerprint 
analysis or DNA test, just 

2918
02:41:05,600 --> 02:41:09,100
observation documentation 
interviews and persistent 

2919
02:41:09,100 --> 02:41:12,000
detective work. 
But this represents only one 

2920
02:41:12,000 --> 02:41:16,000
type of crime in one city at one
moment in history. 

2921
02:41:16,900 --> 02:41:20,100
Early, detective work took many 
different forms depending on the

2922
02:41:20,100 --> 02:41:23,400
location and the era. 
You need to understand how these

2923
02:41:23,400 --> 02:41:26,800
techniques developed over time 
travel backwards, several 

2924
02:41:26,800 --> 02:41:30,400
centuries to Renaissance Italy. 
You walk through Florence in the

2925
02:41:30,408 --> 02:41:35,400
year 1520 the city buzzes with 
art and commas markets. 

2926
02:41:35,400 --> 02:41:38,600
Fill the piazzas with merchants 
selling everything from silk to 

2927
02:41:38,600 --> 02:41:43,400
spices but crime thrives here 
too thieves pick pockets and 

2928
02:41:43,408 --> 02:41:46,100
crowded spaces. 
Counterfeiters produce fake 

2929
02:41:46,100 --> 02:41:48,500
coins. 
Merchants cheek customers with 

2930
02:41:48,500 --> 02:41:51,800
false weights and measures the 
authorities rely on informants 

2931
02:41:51,800 --> 02:41:54,700
to catch criminals, they recruit
people from the criminal 

2932
02:41:54,700 --> 02:41:57,600
underworld itself. 
Former thieves know how thieves 

2933
02:41:57,600 --> 02:42:00,100
think and operate. 
They know the hiding spots in 

2934
02:42:00,108 --> 02:42:03,100
the secret signals. 
They know who sells stolen goods

2935
02:42:03,100 --> 02:42:04,500
and who can be bribed for 
information. 

2936
02:42:04,500 --> 02:42:07,700
These informants work for 
reduced sentences or for 

2937
02:42:07,700 --> 02:42:10,500
payment, they move through the 
criminal World Gathering 

2938
02:42:10,500 --> 02:42:13,200
intelligence, then they report 
back to the authorities. 

2939
02:42:13,200 --> 02:42:17,500
This system has obvious flaws, 
informants, sometimes lie to 

2940
02:42:17,500 --> 02:42:20,500
settle personal scores, they 
might fabricate information to 

2941
02:42:20,500 --> 02:42:23,800
earn their fee. 
But without modern investigative

2942
02:42:23,800 --> 02:42:26,900
tools authorities depend on 
human sources for most of their 

2943
02:42:26,900 --> 02:42:29,600
information. 
You observe a magistrate, 

2944
02:42:29,600 --> 02:42:32,200
questioning, a merchant accused 
of selling underweight bread. 

2945
02:42:33,000 --> 02:42:35,900
The magistrate has no scientific
instruments to test the claim 

2946
02:42:35,900 --> 02:42:40,600
instead, he calls Witnesses, 
other Merchants testify about 

2947
02:42:40,600 --> 02:42:44,700
the accused reputation customers
describe being cheated, the 

2948
02:42:44,700 --> 02:42:47,700
baker's own Apprentice. 
Promised immunity reveals how 

2949
02:42:47,700 --> 02:42:50,200
his master hollowed out the 
loaves to use less flour. 

2950
02:42:50,200 --> 02:42:53,300
The magistrate weighs all these 
testimonies against each other, 

2951
02:42:53,300 --> 02:42:56,900
he considers the character of 
each witness, are they known to 

2952
02:42:56,900 --> 02:43:00,000
be honest? 
Do they have reasons to lie, do 

2953
02:43:00,000 --> 02:43:01,500
their stories, align with each 
other? 

2954
02:43:02,300 --> 02:43:06,200
This process of evaluating human
testimony forms a crucial skill 

2955
02:43:06,200 --> 02:43:09,900
for early investigators written 
records also play an 

2956
02:43:09,900 --> 02:43:12,500
increasingly important role as 
societies become more literate. 

2957
02:43:12,500 --> 02:43:17,300
Merchants keep ledgers ships, 
maintain logs, governments 

2958
02:43:17,300 --> 02:43:21,300
record, births deaths, marriages
and Property Transfers. 

2959
02:43:21,300 --> 02:43:25,000
All these documents can provide 
evidence and criminal cases. 

2960
02:43:25,000 --> 02:43:27,200
You watch a merchant try to 
prove. 

2961
02:43:27,200 --> 02:43:30,200
He was in Venice when a crime 
occurred in Florence, he 

2962
02:43:30,200 --> 02:43:33,800
produces receipts from Venetian 
Merchants, he shows the log from

2963
02:43:33,800 --> 02:43:37,200
the ship that carried him the 
dates and signatures all confirm

2964
02:43:37,200 --> 02:43:40,100
his alibi. 
Without these written proofs, he

2965
02:43:40,100 --> 02:43:42,000
would have only his word against
his accusers. 

2966
02:43:42,800 --> 02:43:45,600
The concept of using documents 
as evidence might seem obvious. 

2967
02:43:45,600 --> 02:43:48,200
Now. 
But it represents a significant 

2968
02:43:48,200 --> 02:43:51,800
development in detective work, 
it means investigators can check

2969
02:43:51,800 --> 02:43:53,500
stories against objective 
records. 

2970
02:43:53,500 --> 02:43:55,900
They can verify claims 
independently. 

2971
02:43:55,900 --> 02:43:58,700
They can catch people in Lies 
when the written evidence. 

2972
02:43:58,700 --> 02:44:02,800
Contradicts their statements 
move forward in time to 17th 

2973
02:44:02,800 --> 02:44:04,900
century. 
England, you stand in a 

2974
02:44:04,900 --> 02:44:07,100
courtroom watching a handwriting
expert testify. 

2975
02:44:07,100 --> 02:44:09,700
He holds two documents side by 
side. 

2976
02:44:09,700 --> 02:44:13,000
One is a will leaving a larger 
state to a distant cousin. 

2977
02:44:13,000 --> 02:44:16,200
The other is a known sample of 
the deceased person's writing, 

2978
02:44:16,200 --> 02:44:19,400
the expert points out, 
differences in letter, formation

2979
02:44:19,400 --> 02:44:23,000
pain, pressure and spacing this 
represents an early form of 

2980
02:44:23,008 --> 02:44:26,600
forensic document analysis 
experts learn to recognize 

2981
02:44:26,600 --> 02:44:30,000
individual characteristics in 
handwriting, they study, how 

2982
02:44:30,000 --> 02:44:33,300
people form their letters. 
They notice Habits Like Crossing

2983
02:44:33,300 --> 02:44:37,300
T's high or low, dotting eyes to
the left, or right, connecting 

2984
02:44:37,300 --> 02:44:40,900
letters in distinctive ways. 
The expert testifies that the 

2985
02:44:40,900 --> 02:44:44,500
will appears to be a forgery. 
The handwriting shows attempt to

2986
02:44:44,508 --> 02:44:48,400
mimic the deceased style, but 
fails in subtle ways, the forger

2987
02:44:48,400 --> 02:44:51,300
made s's differently, the 
Baseline slant does not match 

2988
02:44:51,300 --> 02:44:54,800
several letter combinations. 
Reveal hesitation marks where 

2989
02:44:54,800 --> 02:44:56,900
the forger pause to think about 
how to form them. 

2990
02:44:57,600 --> 02:45:00,300
The jury finds, the will 
fraudulent based largely on this

2991
02:45:00,300 --> 02:45:04,300
handwriting analysis, the 
distant cousin faces charges of 

2992
02:45:04,300 --> 02:45:07,600
forgery and attempted fraud. 
All because someone developed 

2993
02:45:07,600 --> 02:45:10,800
the skill to examine handwriting
as evidence, you begin to see 

2994
02:45:10,800 --> 02:45:13,700
how detective work gradually 
incorporates more specialized 

2995
02:45:13,700 --> 02:45:17,000
knowledge, it is no longer just 
about asking questions and 

2996
02:45:17,000 --> 02:45:19,900
following suspects. 
It starts to involve expertise 

2997
02:45:19,900 --> 02:45:24,100
in specific areas, handwriting 
analysis document examination, 

2998
02:45:24,100 --> 02:45:28,100
even early chemistry for 
detecting poisonous travel to 

2999
02:45:28,100 --> 02:45:31,900
Paris in the early 19th century.
You enter the office of ujjain 

3000
02:45:31,900 --> 02:45:34,300
Francois vidocq. 
The first director of the French

3001
02:45:34,300 --> 02:45:37,600
criminal investigation 
department, The doc himself was 

3002
02:45:37,600 --> 02:45:41,800
once a criminal, he escaped from
prison multiple times, he lived 

3003
02:45:41,800 --> 02:45:44,700
among the thieves and their 
methods intimately, then he 

3004
02:45:44,700 --> 02:45:47,100
switched sides and brought that 
knowledge to police work. 

3005
02:45:47,900 --> 02:45:50,900
His office contains filing 
cabinets, filled with detailed 

3006
02:45:50,900 --> 02:45:54,100
records on known criminals. 
Each file includes physical 

3007
02:45:54,100 --> 02:45:58,800
descriptions known associates, 
typical methods and past crimes.

3008
02:45:59,400 --> 02:46:01,900
Vidoc, recognizes that 
information is power. 

3009
02:46:01,900 --> 02:46:04,800
The more details, you collect 
about criminals the easier, they

3010
02:46:04,800 --> 02:46:07,500
become to catch. 
He introduces the concept of 

3011
02:46:07,500 --> 02:46:10,600
undercover work, his agents 
dress as criminals and 

3012
02:46:10,600 --> 02:46:13,300
infiltrate gangs. 
They gather evidence from the 

3013
02:46:13,300 --> 02:46:15,600
inside. 
They learn about planned crimes 

3014
02:46:15,600 --> 02:46:18,400
before they happen. 
They identify criminal networks 

3015
02:46:18,400 --> 02:46:20,000
that previously operated in the 
shadows. 

3016
02:46:20,000 --> 02:46:23,600
Your company, one of his agents 
into a Tavern frequented by 

3017
02:46:23,600 --> 02:46:26,200
thieves. 
The agent drinks and jokes with 

3018
02:46:26,200 --> 02:46:28,800
the regulars. 
He never asked direct questions.

3019
02:46:28,800 --> 02:46:32,700
He just listens criminals talk, 
they brag they share 

3020
02:46:32,700 --> 02:46:36,100
information, the skilled agent 
absorbs it all while maintaining

3021
02:46:36,100 --> 02:46:39,400
his cover. 
Later back at headquarters, the 

3022
02:46:39,400 --> 02:46:41,800
agent right? 
To detail report, he named the 

3023
02:46:41,800 --> 02:46:44,000
people. 
He met he describes the crime 

3024
02:46:44,000 --> 02:46:47,000
they discussed. 
He Maps out relationships within

3025
02:46:47,000 --> 02:46:50,500
the criminal Network. 
This intelligence allows Vedo to

3026
02:46:50,508 --> 02:46:52,400
plan raids and arrests 
strategically. 

3027
02:46:53,200 --> 02:46:56,300
The dock also Pioneers the use 
of plaster cast for preserving 

3028
02:46:56,300 --> 02:46:59,000
evidence. 
When investigators find a boot 

3029
02:46:59,000 --> 02:47:01,100
print at a crime scene, they 
pour plaster into it. 

3030
02:47:01,108 --> 02:47:04,300
Once the plaster, Harden's they 
have a permanent copy of the 

3031
02:47:04,300 --> 02:47:06,800
print. 
They can compare it to suspects 

3032
02:47:06,800 --> 02:47:08,700
boots. 
They can store it for future 

3033
02:47:08,700 --> 02:47:11,500
reference. 
He watched technicians carefully

3034
02:47:11,500 --> 02:47:14,800
pour plaster into a print left 
in soft Earth near a murder 

3035
02:47:14,800 --> 02:47:16,700
scene. 
They work slowly to avoid 

3036
02:47:16,700 --> 02:47:20,600
creating air bubbles, once set, 
they lift the cast, gently it 

3037
02:47:20,600 --> 02:47:23,300
captures every detail of the 
boot Soul, including a 

3038
02:47:23,300 --> 02:47:25,300
distinctive nail pattern and a 
worn heel. 

3039
02:47:26,100 --> 02:47:28,800
Later when police arrest a 
suspect, they compared his boots

3040
02:47:28,800 --> 02:47:33,100
to the cast, the match is exact 
this physical evidence proves. 

3041
02:47:33,100 --> 02:47:36,000
The suspect was at the crime 
scene combined with other 

3042
02:47:36,000 --> 02:47:37,700
evidence. 
It helps secure a conviction. 

3043
02:47:37,700 --> 02:47:42,000
These advances might seem simple
compared to Modern forensics but

3044
02:47:42,000 --> 02:47:43,900
they represent important steps 
forward. 

3045
02:47:43,900 --> 02:47:47,400
Investigators learned to 
preserve evidence, they learned 

3046
02:47:47,400 --> 02:47:50,700
to document, its systematically,
they learned to presented in 

3047
02:47:50,700 --> 02:47:52,600
court in ways that juries can 
understand. 

3048
02:47:52,600 --> 02:47:55,600
You move forward to the middle 
of the 19th century. 

3049
02:47:55,600 --> 02:47:59,900
The industrial revolution has 
transformed cities, population's

3050
02:47:59,900 --> 02:48:03,600
explode, crime, increases police
forces. 

3051
02:48:03,600 --> 02:48:06,600
Struggled to keep up, detectives
need better methods. 

3052
02:48:07,400 --> 02:48:10,400
In London, the Metropolitan 
Police established, a detective,

3053
02:48:10,400 --> 02:48:13,800
Branch these plain clothes, 
officers focus on investigating 

3054
02:48:13,800 --> 02:48:15,800
crime rather than just 
patrolling streets. 

3055
02:48:16,600 --> 02:48:19,800
They developed techniques for 
shadowing, suspects conducting 

3056
02:48:19,800 --> 02:48:21,900
surveillance and Gathering 
intelligence. 

3057
02:48:21,900 --> 02:48:25,600
You follow a detective as he 
tracks a suspected murderer 

3058
02:48:25,600 --> 02:48:28,700
through London streets. 
The detective stays far enough 

3059
02:48:28,700 --> 02:48:31,900
behind to avoid detection, but 
close enough to see where the 

3060
02:48:31,900 --> 02:48:34,800
suspect goes. 
He notes every stop every 

3061
02:48:34,800 --> 02:48:37,700
person, the suspect talks to 
every building, the suspect 

3062
02:48:37,700 --> 02:48:41,400
enters, this kind of patient, 
surveillance requires enormous 

3063
02:48:41,400 --> 02:48:43,800
skill. 
The detective must blend into 

3064
02:48:43,800 --> 02:48:46,600
crowds, he must change his 
appearance when necessary. 

3065
02:48:46,600 --> 02:48:49,200
He must anticipate where the 
suspect might go. 

3066
02:48:49,200 --> 02:48:55,000
If the suspect spots him the 
entire operation fails, The 

3067
02:48:55,000 --> 02:48:56,800
detective follows his Target for
three days. 

3068
02:48:56,800 --> 02:49:00,500
He learns the suspects routine 
morning coffee at a specific 

3069
02:49:00,500 --> 02:49:04,600
Cafe visits to a boarding house 
in the afternoon evening drinks 

3070
02:49:04,600 --> 02:49:06,000
at a public house near the 
docks. 

3071
02:49:07,100 --> 02:49:09,300
The detective writes all of this
down in his notebook. 

3072
02:49:10,400 --> 02:49:13,300
On the fourth day, the suspect 
meets a woman at The Boarding 

3073
02:49:13,300 --> 02:49:15,600
House. 
The detective cannot hear their 

3074
02:49:15,600 --> 02:49:18,400
conversation, but he sees money 
change hands. 

3075
02:49:18,400 --> 02:49:22,100
The woman leaves looking 
frightened, the detective 

3076
02:49:22,100 --> 02:49:25,000
follows her instead. 
She leads him to a small shop 

3077
02:49:25,000 --> 02:49:28,200
where she works the detective 
approaches her carefully. 

3078
02:49:28,200 --> 02:49:32,500
He identifies himself and asks 
about the meeting at first, she 

3079
02:49:32,500 --> 02:49:35,800
refuses to talk. 
Then when he assures her of 

3080
02:49:35,800 --> 02:49:39,000
protection, she reveals that the
suspect has been blackmailing 

3081
02:49:39,000 --> 02:49:41,400
her. 
She witnessed him near the scene

3082
02:49:41,400 --> 02:49:44,100
of a Murder. 
Threatened to harm her family. 

3083
02:49:44,100 --> 02:49:47,000
If she told anyone, this 
testimony provides the link 

3084
02:49:47,000 --> 02:49:50,400
investigators needed the woman's
presence near the crime scene 

3085
02:49:50,400 --> 02:49:53,000
places. 
The suspect there too combined 

3086
02:49:53,000 --> 02:49:55,100
with other evidence. 
It builds a case strong enough 

3087
02:49:55,100 --> 02:49:58,400
to arrest him this illustrates. 
Another key aspect of early 

3088
02:49:58,400 --> 02:50:01,700
detective work, Building 
relationships with Witnesses 

3089
02:50:01,700 --> 02:50:04,900
earning trust protecting those 
who come forward with 

3090
02:50:04,900 --> 02:50:08,500
information without the 
detectives patient approach the 

3091
02:50:08,500 --> 02:50:12,100
woman might never have spoken 
You observe how detectives in 

3092
02:50:12,100 --> 02:50:14,600
this era, develop informal 
networks of contacts. 

3093
02:50:15,500 --> 02:50:19,000
Street vendors who notice 
unusual activity, landlords who 

3094
02:50:19,008 --> 02:50:22,100
know their tenants habits cab 
drivers, who remember where they

3095
02:50:22,100 --> 02:50:25,700
took passengers All these people
potentially, hold pieces of 

3096
02:50:25,700 --> 02:50:27,200
information that might solve 
crime. 

3097
02:50:27,200 --> 02:50:30,300
Smart detectives cultivate these
contacts over years. 

3098
02:50:30,300 --> 02:50:33,100
They help people. 
When they can, they show 

3099
02:50:33,100 --> 02:50:35,000
respect? 
They keep confidence. 

3100
02:50:35,000 --> 02:50:38,000
Is then when they need 
information people willingly, 

3101
02:50:38,000 --> 02:50:41,500
provide it consider the case of 
a missing child in Victorian 

3102
02:50:41,500 --> 02:50:44,400
London. 
A detective Begins by talking to

3103
02:50:44,400 --> 02:50:47,400
everyone in the neighborhood. 
He asked, gentle questions. 

3104
02:50:47,400 --> 02:50:51,200
Did you see the child yesterday?
Did you notice any strangers? 

3105
02:50:51,200 --> 02:50:55,200
Did you hear anything on usual? 
Most people have nothing useful 

3106
02:50:55,200 --> 02:50:58,400
to report but one old man 
mentioned seeing a carriage 

3107
02:50:58,400 --> 02:50:59,800
stopped on the corner around the
time. 

3108
02:50:59,800 --> 02:51:02,800
The child disappeared, he didn't
think much of it at the time 

3109
02:51:02,800 --> 02:51:05,100
carriages. 
Stop on Corners regularly. 

3110
02:51:05,800 --> 02:51:07,900
But something about this. 
One seemed odd. 

3111
02:51:07,900 --> 02:51:11,900
The driver looked nervous. 
He kept glancing around the 

3112
02:51:11,900 --> 02:51:15,300
detective asks for a description
The old man remembers, the 

3113
02:51:15,300 --> 02:51:18,300
carriage was black with a 
distinctive brass lamp, the 

3114
02:51:18,300 --> 02:51:20,200
horse had White markings on its 
face. 

3115
02:51:20,200 --> 02:51:23,200
The driver wore, a brown coat 
and a wide brimmed hat. 

3116
02:51:23,900 --> 02:51:26,500
The detective takes this 
information to the cab companies

3117
02:51:26,500 --> 02:51:29,000
and Livery Stables. 
He asked about carriages 

3118
02:51:29,000 --> 02:51:32,000
matching that description. 
Most companies, keep records of 

3119
02:51:32,000 --> 02:51:35,000
which drivers took which 
vehicles on which days after 

3120
02:51:35,000 --> 02:51:37,100
checking several businesses, he 
finds a match. 

3121
02:51:37,100 --> 02:51:41,000
The company produces the driver,
the detective question to him 

3122
02:51:41,000 --> 02:51:43,100
carefully. 
Where did he go that afternoon, 

3123
02:51:43,100 --> 02:51:45,500
the driver claims to remember 
nothing unusual. 

3124
02:51:45,500 --> 02:51:50,200
Just regular Fairs around the 
city But the detective persists,

3125
02:51:50,200 --> 02:51:54,100
he describes the corner, he 
mentions The Old Man Who Saw The

3126
02:51:54,100 --> 02:51:56,600
Carriage stop there. 
The driver's Story begins to 

3127
02:51:56,600 --> 02:51:58,500
shift. 
Maybe he did, stop their 

3128
02:51:58,500 --> 02:52:00,500
briefly. 
Maybe someone asked him for 

3129
02:52:00,500 --> 02:52:02,600
directions, he cannot quite 
recall. 

3130
02:52:03,400 --> 02:52:06,600
The detective notes, these 
inconsistencies and innocent 

3131
02:52:06,600 --> 02:52:09,800
person usually remembers clearly
or admits, they do not remember 

3132
02:52:09,800 --> 02:52:13,300
changing stories. 
Suggest something hidden, the 

3133
02:52:13,300 --> 02:52:17,000
detective obtains permission to 
search the drivers logging their

3134
02:52:17,000 --> 02:52:20,500
hidden under the floorboards. 
He finds the child's torn dress.

3135
02:52:21,300 --> 02:52:24,600
Confronted with this evidence, 
the driver confesses he took the

3136
02:52:24,600 --> 02:52:28,500
child intending to demand Ransom
but the child became ill and 

3137
02:52:28,500 --> 02:52:31,300
died, panicking. 
He disposed of the body in the 

3138
02:52:31,300 --> 02:52:33,500
river and kept the dress meaning
to burn it later. 

3139
02:52:33,500 --> 02:52:37,300
This tragic case demonstrates, 
how detectives combine multiple 

3140
02:52:37,300 --> 02:52:41,300
techniques, careful, questioning
of witnesses, following up on 

3141
02:52:41,300 --> 02:52:43,800
small details. 
Checking written records. 

3142
02:52:43,800 --> 02:52:46,900
Patient interrogation. 
Physical searches. 

3143
02:52:46,900 --> 02:52:50,500
Each step Builds on the previous
one until the truth emerges. 

3144
02:52:51,600 --> 02:52:54,300
You witness how detectives all 
so learn to read people. 

3145
02:52:54,300 --> 02:52:58,100
They study facial expressions. 
They noticed nervous gestures. 

3146
02:52:58,100 --> 02:53:00,200
They hear the Tremor in 
someone's voice. 

3147
02:53:00,200 --> 02:53:03,100
When they lie. 
These skills develop over years 

3148
02:53:03,100 --> 02:53:05,200
of experience. 
Interviewing countless Witnesses

3149
02:53:05,200 --> 02:53:08,600
and Suspects. 
Some detectives become legendary

3150
02:53:08,600 --> 02:53:10,200
for their ability to spot 
deception. 

3151
02:53:10,200 --> 02:53:13,100
They claimed to see Guilt on a 
person's face. 

3152
02:53:13,900 --> 02:53:17,600
Of course this is not magic. 
It comes from observing tiny 

3153
02:53:17,600 --> 02:53:21,400
behavioral cues most people miss
A person who lies might touch 

3154
02:53:21,400 --> 02:53:24,100
their face more often. 
Their eye contact figure might 

3155
02:53:24,100 --> 02:53:27,100
change, they might speak more 
quickly or more slowly than 

3156
02:53:27,100 --> 02:53:29,200
usual. 
These observations are not 

3157
02:53:29,200 --> 02:53:32,500
scientific. 
They can be mistaken, an 

3158
02:53:32,500 --> 02:53:34,700
innocent person, might act 
nervous for many reasons. 

3159
02:53:35,800 --> 02:53:39,400
But combined with other evidence
behavioral cues, sometimes Point

3160
02:53:39,400 --> 02:53:41,000
investigators in the right 
direction. 

3161
02:53:42,100 --> 02:53:46,000
Travel to America in the 
mid-1800s, You observe the 

3162
02:53:46,008 --> 02:53:49,400
Pinkerton National detective 
agency at work Allan. 

3163
02:53:49,400 --> 02:53:52,000
Pinkerton builds the first 
private detective agency in the 

3164
02:53:52,008 --> 02:53:55,400
United States. 
His agency takes on cases, that 

3165
02:53:55,400 --> 02:53:57,300
local police cannot or will not 
handle. 

3166
02:53:58,100 --> 02:54:00,500
The pinkerton's develop 
extensive files on criminals. 

3167
02:54:01,300 --> 02:54:03,800
They collect photographs when 
possible they record. 

3168
02:54:03,800 --> 02:54:08,100
Physical descriptions in minute 
detail height weight hair color 

3169
02:54:08,100 --> 02:54:11,000
eye color distinguishing marks 
scars. 

3170
02:54:11,000 --> 02:54:15,900
Tattoos, every detail gets 
documented and filed when a new 

3171
02:54:15,900 --> 02:54:18,800
crime occurs investigators 
consult, these files does the 

3172
02:54:18,800 --> 02:54:21,600
method match anyone's known 
routine, does the physical 

3173
02:54:21,600 --> 02:54:23,900
description fit? 
Any known criminals in the area?

3174
02:54:24,700 --> 02:54:27,200
This systematic approach to 
criminal records, improves 

3175
02:54:27,200 --> 02:54:30,800
detective, efficiency enormously
you watch pink at an agents 

3176
02:54:30,800 --> 02:54:33,900
investigated Train Robbery, the 
interview everyone who was on 

3177
02:54:33,900 --> 02:54:36,700
the train, they examined the 
scene, where the robbery 

3178
02:54:36,700 --> 02:54:39,100
occurred, they follow the 
tracks, the robbers, left 

3179
02:54:39,100 --> 02:54:42,700
heading into the wilderness. 
The agents are skilled trackers.

3180
02:54:42,700 --> 02:54:45,300
They can read signs in the 
landscape. 

3181
02:54:45,300 --> 02:54:48,300
Broken branches show, where 
someone pushed through brush 

3182
02:54:48,300 --> 02:54:51,600
Disturbed, soil reveals where 
someone knelt. 

3183
02:54:52,300 --> 02:54:54,700
Scattered ashes, Mark. 
Where someone may camp? 

3184
02:54:55,600 --> 02:54:58,400
Following these traces, the 
agents track, the robbers to a 

3185
02:54:58,400 --> 02:55:00,900
remote cabin. 
They do not rush in immediately 

3186
02:55:00,900 --> 02:55:05,700
instead they watch and wait. 
They want to identify everyone 

3187
02:55:05,700 --> 02:55:07,900
involved. 
They want to catch the whole 

3188
02:55:07,900 --> 02:55:10,700
gang, not just one or two 
members who might be at the 

3189
02:55:10,708 --> 02:55:14,800
cabin, While others remain free.
After two days of surveillance, 

3190
02:55:14,800 --> 02:55:18,100
they see all the suspects 
together, then they move in 

3191
02:55:18,100 --> 02:55:21,100
quickly, they move in the 
element of surprise prevents 

3192
02:55:21,100 --> 02:55:23,700
resistance. 
The agents recover, the stolen 

3193
02:55:23,700 --> 02:55:27,700
money, the entire gang faces 
arrest, and prosecution this 

3194
02:55:27,700 --> 02:55:29,800
case shows the value of patience
and planning. 

3195
02:55:30,900 --> 02:55:34,000
Less experienced investigators 
might have rushed in and caught 

3196
02:55:34,000 --> 02:55:37,500
only, some of the criminals, the
pinkertons waited until they 

3197
02:55:37,500 --> 02:55:40,200
could capture everyone and 
recover the evidence, You 

3198
02:55:40,200 --> 02:55:42,700
observe, how detective work 
varies depending on the type of 

3199
02:55:42,700 --> 02:55:47,000
crime, a murder investigation, 
differs from a robbery case, a 

3200
02:55:47,000 --> 02:55:49,500
fraud scheme requires different 
techniques than a kidnapping. 

3201
02:55:49,500 --> 02:55:52,800
Good detectives learn to adapt 
their methods to the specific 

3202
02:55:52,800 --> 02:55:55,500
circumstances for financial 
crime. 

3203
02:55:55,500 --> 02:55:58,200
Detectives must understand 
business records. 

3204
02:55:58,200 --> 02:56:00,800
They need to trace money, moving
between accounts. 

3205
02:56:00,800 --> 02:56:03,700
They need to spot a regularity 
in ledgers, they need to 

3206
02:56:03,700 --> 02:56:06,200
recognize when numbers have been
altered or fabricated. 

3207
02:56:07,000 --> 02:56:09,600
You watch an investigator 
examiner, merchant account 

3208
02:56:09,600 --> 02:56:12,300
books, the numbers look correct 
at first glance. 

3209
02:56:12,300 --> 02:56:15,800
But the investigator notices 
something odd, several entries 

3210
02:56:15,800 --> 02:56:18,900
use slightly different ink, the 
handwriting looks similar but 

3211
02:56:18,900 --> 02:56:22,100
not quite identical. 
Closer examination reveals 

3212
02:56:22,100 --> 02:56:25,300
erasures under some numbers, the
investigator compares, the 

3213
02:56:25,300 --> 02:56:27,800
suspicious entries to 
corresponding receipts and 

3214
02:56:27,800 --> 02:56:29,800
invoices. 
The numbers do not match, 

3215
02:56:29,800 --> 02:56:33,200
someone altered the books. 
After the fact, the investigator

3216
02:56:33,200 --> 02:56:36,000
traces the pattern it shows 
money being siphoned off, 

3217
02:56:36,000 --> 02:56:39,200
gradually over months. 
The merchants bookkeeper stands 

3218
02:56:39,200 --> 02:56:41,700
accused of embezzlement. 
This case required. 

3219
02:56:41,700 --> 02:56:43,700
No dramatic chases or 
confrontations. 

3220
02:56:44,400 --> 02:56:47,100
Just careful examination of 
documents, just attention to 

3221
02:56:47,100 --> 02:56:49,300
detail. 
Just the patients to compare. 

3222
02:56:49,300 --> 02:56:52,700
Hundreds of entries, looking for
discrepancies for murder cases, 

3223
02:56:52,700 --> 02:56:56,200
detectives must reconstruct, 
what happened, examine the body,

3224
02:56:56,200 --> 02:57:00,300
they study the crime scene, they
established timelines, they 

3225
02:57:00,300 --> 02:57:02,500
identify who had means motive 
and opportunity. 

3226
02:57:02,500 --> 02:57:05,800
You accompany a detective 
examining, a murder scene in a 

3227
02:57:05,800 --> 02:57:08,300
wealthy home. 
The victim was found in his 

3228
02:57:08,300 --> 02:57:09,900
study with a fatal Blow To The 
Head. 

3229
02:57:09,908 --> 02:57:14,600
The room appears ran sacked. 
Draws hang open paper scatter 

3230
02:57:14,600 --> 02:57:16,800
across the floor. 
It looks like a robbery gone 

3231
02:57:16,800 --> 02:57:21,500
wrong. but the detective notices
details that seem wrong, the 

3232
02:57:21,500 --> 02:57:25,400
ransacking appears theatrical 
valuable items, sit in 

3233
02:57:25,400 --> 02:57:29,000
Plainview, but were not taken 
The papers on the floor arranged

3234
02:57:29,000 --> 02:57:32,300
too neatly for genuine chaos. 
Someone staged this scene to 

3235
02:57:32,300 --> 02:57:35,100
look like a robbery. 
The detective examines the 

3236
02:57:35,100 --> 02:57:38,300
wound, more carefully, the angle
suggests someone of similar, 

3237
02:57:38,300 --> 02:57:41,100
height struck the blow, the 
victim was tall. 

3238
02:57:41,100 --> 02:57:43,900
Most household staff were 
considerably shorter. 

3239
02:57:43,900 --> 02:57:47,800
This Narrows the suspects, the 
detective interviews, the 

3240
02:57:47,800 --> 02:57:50,700
household everyone claims to 
have been elsewhere when the 

3241
02:57:50,700 --> 02:57:54,000
murder occurred. 
But the detective asks about the

3242
02:57:54,000 --> 02:57:56,900
victims schedule, who knew he 
would be in his study at that 

3243
02:57:56,900 --> 02:58:00,500
time who had access to that part
of the house who stood to gain 

3244
02:58:00,500 --> 02:58:03,600
from his death. 
One name keeps appearing in the 

3245
02:58:03,600 --> 02:58:05,400
answers. 
The victim's nephew. 

3246
02:58:05,400 --> 02:58:07,600
He was supposed to inherit a 
large sum. 

3247
02:58:07,600 --> 02:58:11,200
He had argued with his uncle 
recently about money, he was in 

3248
02:58:11,200 --> 02:58:13,700
the house that evening despite 
claiming to have left earlier. 

3249
02:58:14,400 --> 02:58:18,300
Confronted with these facts, the
nephew's Alibi falls apart, he 

3250
02:58:18,300 --> 02:58:21,500
admits to the argument, but 
denies the murder, the detective

3251
02:58:21,500 --> 02:58:25,300
presses harder, he describes the
stage robbery, he explains how 

3252
02:58:25,300 --> 02:58:27,600
the evidence, contradicts a 
random Burgess scenario. 

3253
02:58:28,400 --> 02:58:32,900
Finally, the nephew breaks he 
confesses the argument turned 

3254
02:58:32,900 --> 02:58:35,300
violent. 
He struck his uncle in Anger, 

3255
02:58:35,300 --> 02:58:38,300
then panicking. 
He tried to make it look like a 

3256
02:58:38,300 --> 02:58:40,700
robbery. 
He never expected anyone to see 

3257
02:58:40,700 --> 02:58:43,800
through the deception. 
This case illustrates how 

3258
02:58:43,800 --> 02:58:47,300
detectives use logic and 
reasoning to see past obvious 

3259
02:58:47,300 --> 02:58:49,800
interpretations. 
They questioned appearances. 

3260
02:58:49,800 --> 02:58:53,200
They look for what does not fit,
they build their case on 

3261
02:58:53,200 --> 02:58:56,000
inconsistencies and 
impossibilities, you see? 

3262
02:58:56,000 --> 02:58:58,400
How the best detectives develop 
almost encyclopedic. 

3263
02:58:58,400 --> 02:59:01,800
Knowledge of crime patterns, 
they know how burglars typically

3264
02:59:01,800 --> 02:59:04,000
operate. 
They know how poisonous, usually

3265
02:59:04,000 --> 02:59:07,300
act, they know the habits of 
forges and fraudsters and 

3266
02:59:07,300 --> 02:59:10,200
violent criminals. 
This knowledge, lets them 

3267
02:59:10,200 --> 02:59:13,200
recognize when something does 
not match the expected pattern. 

3268
02:59:14,700 --> 02:59:17,500
By the late 1800s. 
Detective work begins to 

3269
02:59:17,500 --> 02:59:19,300
incorporate more scientific 
approaches. 

3270
02:59:19,300 --> 02:59:23,300
A French police officer named 
alfons Betty or develops, a 

3271
02:59:23,300 --> 02:59:26,400
system, he calls anthropometry, 
he proposes that. 

3272
02:59:26,400 --> 02:59:29,400
If you measure enough parts of a
person's body, you can create a 

3273
02:59:29,400 --> 02:59:32,700
unique identification. 
You watch Dirty Ones assistance.

3274
02:59:32,700 --> 02:59:35,300
Measure a suspect. 
They record the length of the 

3275
02:59:35,300 --> 02:59:38,100
head from front to back. 
The width of the head side to 

3276
02:59:38,100 --> 02:59:41,600
side the length of the left foot
the length of the left, forearm,

3277
02:59:41,600 --> 02:59:44,900
the length of fingers, the 
distance between outstretched 

3278
02:59:44,900 --> 02:59:48,800
arms, 11 measurements in total. 
Their argues that the odds of 

3279
02:59:48,800 --> 02:59:52,000
two people have exactly the same
measurements for all 11. 

3280
02:59:52,000 --> 02:59:56,200
Ms are astronomically small, 
Each measurement gets recorded 

3281
02:59:56,200 --> 02:59:58,400
on a card along with a 
photograph and physical 

3282
02:59:58,400 --> 03:00:00,400
description. 
These cards get filed 

3283
03:00:00,400 --> 03:00:02,800
systematically so investigators 
can search them. 

3284
03:00:02,800 --> 03:00:06,300
This system gains widespread 
adoption in France and then in 

3285
03:00:06,300 --> 03:00:09,800
other countries, For the first 
time, police have a supposedly 

3286
03:00:09,800 --> 03:00:12,500
scientific method for 
identifying repeater fenders. 

3287
03:00:12,500 --> 03:00:15,300
When someone gets arrested, 
their measurements can be 

3288
03:00:15,308 --> 03:00:18,800
compared to existing records, to
see if they have been arrested 

3289
03:00:18,800 --> 03:00:22,100
before under a different name. 
You observe the process of 

3290
03:00:22,100 --> 03:00:24,700
searching, the files. 
A clerk takes the new 

3291
03:00:24,700 --> 03:00:28,000
measurements, and uses them to 
narrow down the cards to check. 

3292
03:00:28,000 --> 03:00:30,800
Cards are organized by Rangers 
of measurements. 

3293
03:00:30,800 --> 03:00:34,600
If the head length is 180 
millimeters, you only check 

3294
03:00:34,600 --> 03:00:37,600
cards in that range. 
The new narrow further by head 

3295
03:00:37,600 --> 03:00:40,300
with. 
And so on the system works 

3296
03:00:40,300 --> 03:00:41,800
reasonably well, for several 
years. 

3297
03:00:41,800 --> 03:00:45,600
Police identify repeat offenders
who had been using false names. 

3298
03:00:45,600 --> 03:00:48,600
They sold cases by linking 
crimes, through suspect 

3299
03:00:48,600 --> 03:00:52,500
identification, Bertie on 
becomes famous his methods 

3300
03:00:52,500 --> 03:00:56,800
worldwide, but the system has 
significant flaws measurements 

3301
03:00:56,800 --> 03:00:58,100
depend on the skill of the 
person. 

3302
03:00:58,100 --> 03:01:01,300
Taking them small errors, 
accumulate people's 

3303
03:01:01,300 --> 03:01:03,400
measurements, change slightly 
over time. 

3304
03:01:03,400 --> 03:01:07,000
The cards becoming increasingly 
difficult to search as files 

3305
03:01:07,000 --> 03:01:09,700
grow larger. 
And most fundamentally the 

3306
03:01:09,700 --> 03:01:12,300
system cannot handle two people,
with very similar measurements. 

3307
03:01:12,300 --> 03:01:16,000
You witness the critical failure
that undermines Bertie on system

3308
03:01:16,000 --> 03:01:19,800
in 1903. 
A man named will West arrives at

3309
03:01:19,800 --> 03:01:22,300
11th prison. 
In Kansas his measurements, get 

3310
03:01:22,308 --> 03:01:25,000
taken. 
The records Clark searches, the 

3311
03:01:25,000 --> 03:01:27,500
files and finds a card for 
William West with nearly 

3312
03:01:27,500 --> 03:01:30,500
identical measurements and a 
very similar appearance. 

3313
03:01:30,500 --> 03:01:34,100
The two men even have the same 
name but they are not the same 

3314
03:01:34,100 --> 03:01:36,300
person. 
William West is already in 

3315
03:01:36,300 --> 03:01:39,500
prison, serving a life sentence 
will West, is a new arrival. 

3316
03:01:40,600 --> 03:01:43,400
The two men are not related. 
They just happened to have 

3317
03:01:43,400 --> 03:01:45,700
remarkably similar measurements 
and appearances. 

3318
03:01:46,500 --> 03:01:49,300
Berlin system cannot reliably 
distinguish between them. 

3319
03:01:49,300 --> 03:01:52,300
This discovery reveals, the 
fundamental weakness of 

3320
03:01:52,300 --> 03:01:55,200
anthropometry, no matter how 
many measurements you take 

3321
03:01:55,200 --> 03:01:59,100
coincidental matches can occur. 
The system is not as unique as 

3322
03:01:59,100 --> 03:02:02,400
bear to Young to. 
Meanwhile, another approach to 

3323
03:02:02,400 --> 03:02:05,900
identification has been 
developing quietly fingerprints.

3324
03:02:06,600 --> 03:02:09,000
For centuries, people noticed 
that the ridge on fingertips 

3325
03:02:09,000 --> 03:02:12,400
varied between individuals, but 
no one had systematically 

3326
03:02:12,400 --> 03:02:15,300
studied, whether these layouts 
were truly unique or whether 

3327
03:02:15,300 --> 03:02:18,300
they could be used for 
identification, You observe 

3328
03:02:18,300 --> 03:02:20,400
early fingerprint research in 
British India. 

3329
03:02:21,300 --> 03:02:24,300
A colonial administrator named 
William Herschel uses 

3330
03:02:24,300 --> 03:02:26,600
fingerprints on contracts to 
prevent fraud. 

3331
03:02:27,300 --> 03:02:30,000
He notices that fingerprints do 
not change over time. 

3332
03:02:30,000 --> 03:02:32,600
The same person always has the 
same Ridge layout. 

3333
03:02:33,400 --> 03:02:37,200
In Argentina, a police official 
named Juan fusetti develops, a 

3334
03:02:37,200 --> 03:02:38,900
classification system for 
fingerprints. 

3335
03:02:38,900 --> 03:02:42,500
He identifies basic pattern 
types and creates a method for 

3336
03:02:42,508 --> 03:02:45,800
filing and searching fingerprint
records in 1892. 

3337
03:02:45,800 --> 03:02:48,600
A bloody fingerprint left at a 
murder scene provides the 

3338
03:02:48,600 --> 03:02:51,900
evidence to convict the killer. 
This represents one of the first

3339
03:02:51,900 --> 03:02:54,500
times fingerprint evidence 
successfully solves a major 

3340
03:02:54,508 --> 03:02:58,700
crime back in Britain. 
Francis Galton publishes details

3341
03:02:58,700 --> 03:03:01,700
studies of fingerprints. 
He calculates the mathematical 

3342
03:03:01,700 --> 03:03:04,100
probability of two people having
identical fingerprints. 

3343
03:03:04,100 --> 03:03:07,900
The number is so large, it 
essentially proves fingerprints 

3344
03:03:07,900 --> 03:03:11,700
are unique He develops methods 
for comparing Prince and 

3345
03:03:11,700 --> 03:03:15,000
identifying matching points. 
You watch as these different 

3346
03:03:15,000 --> 03:03:19,100
threads come together. 
By the early 1900s police 

3347
03:03:19,100 --> 03:03:21,200
forces, begin adopting 
fingerprint systems. 

3348
03:03:21,200 --> 03:03:24,500
The technology is simple. 
You press someone's finger onto 

3349
03:03:24,500 --> 03:03:27,900
an ink pad, and then, on to 
paper, The resulting print shows

3350
03:03:27,900 --> 03:03:30,900
all the ridge details. 
These prints can be filed and 

3351
03:03:30,900 --> 03:03:33,600
searched. 
Scotland Yard establishes a 

3352
03:03:33,600 --> 03:03:36,900
fingerprint Bureau detectives 
learned to dust crime scenes for

3353
03:03:36,908 --> 03:03:39,500
latent prints. 
They use fine powder that 

3354
03:03:39,500 --> 03:03:42,600
adheres to the oils and sweat. 
Left by fingers, touching 

3355
03:03:42,600 --> 03:03:46,500
surfaces brushes, reveal the 
same layout photography, 

3356
03:03:46,500 --> 03:03:48,800
preserves them. 
You observe detectives 

3357
03:03:48,800 --> 03:03:52,100
processing a burglary scene. 
They dust the window sill where 

3358
03:03:52,100 --> 03:03:55,300
the burglar entered several 
clear prints appear, they 

3359
03:03:55,300 --> 03:03:56,900
photograph these prints 
carefully. 

3360
03:03:57,700 --> 03:04:00,300
Back at the bureau and expert 
Compares them to print in the 

3361
03:04:00,308 --> 03:04:04,000
files, the expert examines the 
ridge layout Point by point. 

3362
03:04:04,000 --> 03:04:08,400
He identifies specific features 
a ridge ending here, a 

3363
03:04:08,400 --> 03:04:11,600
bifurcation there. 
An island, a Spur. 

3364
03:04:11,600 --> 03:04:15,700
Each feature gets marked and 
counted when he finds 12 

3365
03:04:15,700 --> 03:04:18,400
matching points between the 
crime scene print and a file 

3366
03:04:18,400 --> 03:04:20,900
card, he declares a positive 
identification. 

3367
03:04:20,900 --> 03:04:24,300
The fingerprint belongs to a 
known burglar named Thomas 

3368
03:04:24,300 --> 03:04:26,800
Anderson. 
The detectives arrest Anderson. 

3369
03:04:26,800 --> 03:04:30,000
He denies involvement until 
confronted with the fingerprint 

3370
03:04:30,000 --> 03:04:32,200
evidence. 
The scientific certainty 

3371
03:04:32,200 --> 03:04:35,400
overwhelms. 
His protests Cannot explain how 

3372
03:04:35,400 --> 03:04:36,900
his fingerprints appeared at the
scene. 

3373
03:04:36,900 --> 03:04:39,700
If he was not there, this 
represents a revolution in 

3374
03:04:39,700 --> 03:04:42,900
detective work. 
For the first time investigators

3375
03:04:42,900 --> 03:04:45,600
have physical evidence that can 
definitively link a specific 

3376
03:04:45,600 --> 03:04:48,000
person to a specific crime 
scene. 

3377
03:04:48,000 --> 03:04:51,900
Witnesses can be mistaken, 
confessions can be coerced or 

3378
03:04:51,900 --> 03:04:54,000
false, but fingerprints do not 
lie. 

3379
03:04:54,000 --> 03:04:56,800
You see how this changes the 
nature of Investigation, 

3380
03:04:56,800 --> 03:05:00,500
detectives still use all the 
traditional methods, they still 

3381
03:05:00,500 --> 03:05:03,700
interview Witnesses, they still 
build timelines and check 

3382
03:05:03,700 --> 03:05:06,900
Alibis, they still cultivate 
informants and follow suspect 

3383
03:05:06,900 --> 03:05:10,000
but now they have an additional 
powerful tool that can provide 

3384
03:05:10,000 --> 03:05:13,200
conclusive proof. 
The transition from bertie's 

3385
03:05:13,200 --> 03:05:16,400
measurements to fingerprints 
happens gradually some police 

3386
03:05:16,400 --> 03:05:18,700
forces resist. 
Change they have invested 

3387
03:05:18,700 --> 03:05:21,700
heavily in anthropometry 
equipment and training there are

3388
03:05:21,700 --> 03:05:25,100
reluctant to abandon it. 
But the will and William West 

3389
03:05:25,100 --> 03:05:28,100
Case, make the superiority of 
fingerprints undeniable. 

3390
03:05:28,900 --> 03:05:32,600
By 1910 fingerprinting has 
largely replaced anthropometry 

3391
03:05:32,600 --> 03:05:34,500
in most developed countries 
police. 

3392
03:05:34,500 --> 03:05:37,800
Bureau's maintain massive 
fingerprint files, every arrest 

3393
03:05:37,800 --> 03:05:41,200
results in fingerprints, being 
taken and filed crime scenes, 

3394
03:05:41,200 --> 03:05:43,500
get examined for latent prints, 
as a matter of routine. 

3395
03:05:43,500 --> 03:05:47,600
You observe how this affects 
detective work in practice a 

3396
03:05:47,600 --> 03:05:49,300
series of burglaries plaga 
neighborhood. 

3397
03:05:49,300 --> 03:05:53,600
Traditional investigation yields
few leads, no Witnesses, saw 

3398
03:05:53,600 --> 03:05:56,100
anything useful. 
The stolen items have not 

3399
03:05:56,100 --> 03:05:59,300
appeared at any known fences. 
The burglar seems to strike 

3400
03:05:59,300 --> 03:06:02,000
randomly with no clear pattern, 
but at each scene, 

3401
03:06:02,000 --> 03:06:05,300
investigators, find 
fingerprints, the same prints of

3402
03:06:05,300 --> 03:06:08,700
appear at multiple, burglaries. 
This tells detectives that one 

3403
03:06:08,700 --> 03:06:10,400
person is responsible for all of
them. 

3404
03:06:10,400 --> 03:06:13,100
They can now, Focus their 
investigation instead of 

3405
03:06:13,100 --> 03:06:15,000
treating each burglary as a 
separate incident. 

3406
03:06:15,000 --> 03:06:17,300
They searched the fingerprint 
files. 

3407
03:06:17,300 --> 03:06:19,600
The prince do not match anyone 
in the system. 

3408
03:06:19,600 --> 03:06:22,700
This tells them, the burglar has
no prior arrests. 

3409
03:06:22,700 --> 03:06:25,700
They are dealing with either a 
first-time criminal or someone 

3410
03:06:25,700 --> 03:06:28,700
who is always avoided. 
Capture the detectives increase,

3411
03:06:28,800 --> 03:06:31,700
Surveillance in the area. 
They wait for the next burglary,

3412
03:06:31,700 --> 03:06:35,100
when it occurs, they process the
scene immediately and find the 

3413
03:06:35,100 --> 03:06:38,700
same fingerprints, but they also
find something new a partial 

3414
03:06:38,708 --> 03:06:41,300
palm print on a window, frame 
palm prints work. 

3415
03:06:41,300 --> 03:06:44,700
The same way as fingerprints. 
The ridge layout on Palms are 

3416
03:06:44,700 --> 03:06:47,400
unique by checking the palm 
print against suspects. 

3417
03:06:47,400 --> 03:06:49,700
They can potentially identify 
the burglar. 

3418
03:06:49,700 --> 03:06:52,400
The detectives begin. 
Checking everyone in the area 

3419
03:06:52,400 --> 03:06:54,700
who fits the general description
from the few witness. 

3420
03:06:54,700 --> 03:06:57,800
Sightings young male average, 
height dark coat. 

3421
03:06:57,800 --> 03:07:00,400
They ask people to volunteer 
their palm prints for 

3422
03:07:00,400 --> 03:07:03,000
elimination purposes. 
Most people cooperate. 

3423
03:07:03,000 --> 03:07:05,700
They want the burglaries to stop
one by one. 

3424
03:07:05,700 --> 03:07:08,600
Their palm prints are checked 
and ruled out, but one young man

3425
03:07:08,600 --> 03:07:10,700
refuses. 
He says, he does not trust the 

3426
03:07:10,700 --> 03:07:14,400
police, he claims it violates 
his rights, he becomes defensive

3427
03:07:14,400 --> 03:07:17,200
and hostile. 
The detectives cannot force him 

3428
03:07:17,200 --> 03:07:20,500
to provide palm prints without 
cause but his refusal, arouses 

3429
03:07:20,500 --> 03:07:22,400
suspicion, they watch him 
carefully. 

3430
03:07:22,400 --> 03:07:25,200
They asked Neighbors about him. 
They learn. 

3431
03:07:25,200 --> 03:07:27,900
He has been spending money 
freely lately, despite having no

3432
03:07:27,900 --> 03:07:30,600
obvious job. 
Eventually they obtain enough 

3433
03:07:30,600 --> 03:07:33,600
evidence for a warrant, they 
searched his room and find some 

3434
03:07:33,600 --> 03:07:35,800
of the stolen items with this 
evidence. 

3435
03:07:35,800 --> 03:07:38,100
They arrest him and take his 
fingerprints and palm prints. 

3436
03:07:38,100 --> 03:07:41,200
They match perfectly to the 
prince from the burglary scenes.

3437
03:07:41,200 --> 03:07:44,000
This case shows how fingerprints
complement traditional 

3438
03:07:44,000 --> 03:07:46,700
detective, work the prince 
proved that one person, 

3439
03:07:46,700 --> 03:07:49,000
committed, all the burglaries, 
the prince eventually, 

3440
03:07:49,000 --> 03:07:51,800
identified that person. 
But between those two points, 

3441
03:07:51,800 --> 03:07:55,000
detectives still needed to use, 
observation interviews, 

3442
03:07:55,000 --> 03:07:57,300
surveillance and logical 
deduction. 

3443
03:07:57,300 --> 03:08:01,700
You reflect on how far detective
work has come from the Constable

3444
03:08:01,700 --> 03:08:04,000
with his notebooks sketching 
boot prints in the mud to 

3445
03:08:04,000 --> 03:08:06,800
experts analyzing fingerprint 
minutiae under magnifying 

3446
03:08:06,800 --> 03:08:09,000
glasses. 
The fundamental skills. 

3447
03:08:09,000 --> 03:08:13,000
Remain important, observation, 
documentation, interviewing 

3448
03:08:13,000 --> 03:08:15,500
building networks of informants.
Patient. 

3449
03:08:15,500 --> 03:08:19,900
Surveillance logical reasoning. 
But science adds New Dimensions.

3450
03:08:19,900 --> 03:08:23,300
Fingerprints provides certainly 
where before there was only 

3451
03:08:23,300 --> 03:08:27,000
probability Photographs, 
preserve crime scenes better 

3452
03:08:27,000 --> 03:08:30,700
than sketches chemical analysis,
can detect Poison's that 

3453
03:08:30,700 --> 03:08:34,100
produced no obvious symptoms. 
Microscopes revealed details 

3454
03:08:34,100 --> 03:08:37,600
invisible to the naked eye, you 
can consider what has been lost 

3455
03:08:37,600 --> 03:08:40,100
in this transition. 
The Romantic image of the 

3456
03:08:40,100 --> 03:08:43,100
brilliant detective who solves 
crime through pure deductive, 

3457
03:08:43,100 --> 03:08:44,600
reasoning becomes less 
realistic. 

3458
03:08:45,600 --> 03:08:48,200
Sherlock Holmes could examine a 
crime scene and announce the 

3459
03:08:48,200 --> 03:08:49,900
solution through logical 
inference. 

3460
03:08:49,900 --> 03:08:53,900
Real detectives increasingly 
rely on scientific Laboratories 

3461
03:08:53,900 --> 03:08:57,100
and Technical experts But 
something important has been 

3462
03:08:57,100 --> 03:09:01,800
gained too Justice becomes more 
reliable. innocent people are 

3463
03:09:01,800 --> 03:09:04,200
less likely to be convicted 
based on mistaken, witness 

3464
03:09:04,200 --> 03:09:07,900
identifications or forced 
confessions Guilty people are 

3465
03:09:07,900 --> 03:09:10,800
harder to escape punishment when
physical evidence links them to 

3466
03:09:10,800 --> 03:09:13,200
crimes. 
The early Decades of the 20th 

3467
03:09:13,200 --> 03:09:15,100
century. 
See continued refinement of 

3468
03:09:15,100 --> 03:09:19,100
detective techniques fingerprint
classification, systems, improve

3469
03:09:19,100 --> 03:09:21,300
filing methods, become more 
efficient. 

3470
03:09:22,100 --> 03:09:24,300
Photography advances, allow 
better crime scene, 

3471
03:09:24,300 --> 03:09:28,000
documentation ballistics experts
learn to match bullets to 

3472
03:09:28,000 --> 03:09:30,600
specific guns. 
Blood typing can sometimes 

3473
03:09:30,600 --> 03:09:34,000
exclude or include suspects. 
You watched detectives in the 

3474
03:09:34,000 --> 03:09:37,600
1920s, working a murder case. 
They photograph the scene from 

3475
03:09:37,600 --> 03:09:40,800
multiple angles, they dust for 
fingerprints on every surface. 

3476
03:09:40,800 --> 03:09:43,500
They collect the bullets for 
ballistics analysis. 

3477
03:09:43,500 --> 03:09:46,700
They take blood samples for 
typing the interview Witnesses, 

3478
03:09:46,700 --> 03:09:50,100
and right details reports. 
They build a comprehensive case 

3479
03:09:50,100 --> 03:09:51,500
File. 
That includes scientific 

3480
03:09:51,500 --> 03:09:54,600
evidence witness testimony and 
logical deduction. 

3481
03:09:55,600 --> 03:09:58,200
This represents the synthesis of
old and new methods. 

3482
03:09:58,200 --> 03:10:01,200
The detective still used the 
fundamental technique to 

3483
03:10:01,200 --> 03:10:03,900
developed over centuries. 
But they enhance those 

3484
03:10:03,900 --> 03:10:07,400
techniques with modern science. 
The combination proves more 

3485
03:10:07,400 --> 03:10:09,200
powerful than either approach 
alone. 

3486
03:10:09,200 --> 03:10:12,800
The transition from prefer 
print, detective work to Modern 

3487
03:10:12,800 --> 03:10:16,100
forensics happens, gradually 
across decades different 

3488
03:10:16,100 --> 03:10:18,800
jurisdictions, adopt, new 
Methods at different rates, 

3489
03:10:18,800 --> 03:10:22,800
rural areas, lag behind cities, 
some countries lead, While 

3490
03:10:22,800 --> 03:10:25,500
others follow but the overall 
direction remains clear. 

3491
03:10:25,500 --> 03:10:29,000
Detective work becomes 
increasingly scientific and 

3492
03:10:29,000 --> 03:10:30,900
systematic yet the human 
element. 

3493
03:10:30,900 --> 03:10:33,700
Never disappears. 
Entirely machines cannot 

3494
03:10:33,700 --> 03:10:36,700
interview Witnesses. 
Laboratories cannot cultivate 

3495
03:10:36,700 --> 03:10:41,100
informants computers cannot earn
a community's trust the best. 

3496
03:10:41,100 --> 03:10:43,800
Detectives combine technical 
knowledge with interpersonal 

3497
03:10:43,800 --> 03:10:46,300
skills. 
They understand both science and

3498
03:10:46,300 --> 03:10:48,800
human nature. 
We stand again in that foggy, 

3499
03:10:48,800 --> 03:10:50,400
London Street where this journey
began. 

3500
03:10:50,400 --> 03:10:53,600
But now, you see it differently.
You understand that the 

3501
03:10:53,600 --> 03:10:56,300
Constable with his notebook was 
not primitive or backwards. 

3502
03:10:56,300 --> 03:10:58,800
He was using the best methods of
available to him. 

3503
03:10:58,800 --> 03:11:01,800
He was building a foundation 
that would support all future 

3504
03:11:01,800 --> 03:11:03,300
developments in Detective. 
Work. 

3505
03:11:04,100 --> 03:11:06,600
His careful observations taught 
later generations, the 

3506
03:11:06,600 --> 03:11:09,400
importance of documenting 
everything, his patient 

3507
03:11:09,400 --> 03:11:12,500
interviews, demonstrated the 
value of listening, his 

3508
03:11:12,500 --> 03:11:15,200
cultivation of local knowledge, 
showed the power of community 

3509
03:11:15,200 --> 03:11:18,600
connections, his willingness to 
stake out cold allies night 

3510
03:11:18,600 --> 03:11:20,600
after night. 
Exemplified the dedication 

3511
03:11:20,600 --> 03:11:23,500
required. 
Fingerprints, May detective work

3512
03:11:23,500 --> 03:11:27,800
more scientific but they did not
make it automatic detectives. 

3513
03:11:27,800 --> 03:11:29,500
Still need to know where to look
for prints. 

3514
03:11:29,500 --> 03:11:31,900
They still need to interpret 
what the evidence means. 

3515
03:11:31,900 --> 03:11:34,900
They still need to connect 
physical traces, to human 

3516
03:11:34,900 --> 03:11:37,000
behavior, as you prepare for 
sleep. 

3517
03:11:37,000 --> 03:11:41,300
You can appreciate how mystery 
solving, evolved each generation

3518
03:11:41,300 --> 03:11:43,400
of detectives built on the work 
of those who came. 

3519
03:11:43,400 --> 03:11:46,400
Before each new technique, 
supplemented rather than 

3520
03:11:46,400 --> 03:11:49,700
replaced older methods. 
The progression from boot prints

3521
03:11:49,700 --> 03:11:52,700
in mud to fingerprints and 
databases took Decades of 

3522
03:11:52,700 --> 03:11:55,700
patient development, the 
detectives who worked before 

3523
03:11:55,700 --> 03:11:58,100
fingerprints were not less 
intelligent than modern 

3524
03:11:58,100 --> 03:12:01,000
investigators. 
They simply had fewer tools 

3525
03:12:01,000 --> 03:12:03,200
available within those 
limitations. 

3526
03:12:03,200 --> 03:12:05,200
They developed remarkable 
skills. 

3527
03:12:05,200 --> 03:12:07,800
They learned to read people and 
situations. 

3528
03:12:07,800 --> 03:12:09,700
They learned to see the same 
thing. 

3529
03:12:09,700 --> 03:12:13,100
Where others saw only chaos they
learned to persist when leads 

3530
03:12:13,100 --> 03:12:15,100
went cold and cases seemed 
hopeless. 

3531
03:12:15,100 --> 03:12:19,100
Their legacy continues in modern
detective, work, the notebooks 

3532
03:12:19,100 --> 03:12:21,400
are now digital, the 
surveillance happened through 

3533
03:12:21,400 --> 03:12:23,300
cameras. 
And electronic tracking the 

3534
03:12:23,300 --> 03:12:26,500
informant networks extend across
computer systems, but the 

3535
03:12:26,508 --> 03:12:31,500
fundamental principles remain. 
Observe carefully document 

3536
03:12:31,500 --> 03:12:36,400
thoroughly interview skillfully.
Think logically never give up. 

3537
03:12:37,400 --> 03:12:39,500
He closed your eyes and imagine 
that foggy. 

3538
03:12:39,500 --> 03:12:43,400
London morning one last time. 
The Constable writes in his 

3539
03:12:43,400 --> 03:12:47,200
notebook, his pencil moves 
steadily across the page, each 

3540
03:12:47,200 --> 03:12:49,700
word, captures detail, that 
might solve the crime. 

3541
03:12:49,700 --> 03:12:53,500
Each observation might be the 
key that unlocks the mystery, he

3542
03:12:53,500 --> 03:12:56,100
works patiently and thoroughly 
because he knows that Justice 

3543
03:12:56,100 --> 03:12:57,900
depends on getting the details, 
right? 

3544
03:12:58,800 --> 03:13:01,800
In the darkness, you feel the 
connection across centuries. 

3545
03:13:01,800 --> 03:13:05,400
Every detective, whoever tried 
to solve a mystery every 

3546
03:13:05,400 --> 03:13:07,900
investigator, whoever pursued 
truth, through careful 

3547
03:13:07,900 --> 03:13:11,500
observation and patient effort, 
they form an unbroken chain 

3548
03:13:11,500 --> 03:13:15,400
linking that constable in 1863 
to investigate his working 

3549
03:13:15,400 --> 03:13:18,400
today. 
The methods changed the tools 

3550
03:13:18,400 --> 03:13:22,200
improved, but the dedication 
remained constant the commitment

3551
03:13:22,200 --> 03:13:24,900
to finding truth, the 
willingness to work long hours 

3552
03:13:24,900 --> 03:13:28,300
on difficult cases, the 
satisfaction of finally solving 

3553
03:13:28,300 --> 03:13:32,000
what seemed impossible. 
These things can connect all 

3554
03:13:32,000 --> 03:13:35,900
detectives across all eras, you 
drift towards sleep with these 

3555
03:13:35,900 --> 03:13:38,800
thoughts. 
Fog rolls through your mind like

3556
03:13:38,800 --> 03:13:42,500
that London morning. 
Questions dissolve into dreams 

3557
03:13:42,500 --> 03:13:46,700
Mysteries blur into peaceful 
darkness and somewhere in that 

3558
03:13:46,700 --> 03:13:48,600
transition between waking and 
sleeping. 

3559
03:13:48,600 --> 03:13:51,300
You understand something 
profound about human persistence

3560
03:13:51,300 --> 03:13:54,000
and Ingenuity. 
We solve problems with whatever 

3561
03:13:54,000 --> 03:13:56,700
tools we have available. 
We build on what came before. 

3562
03:13:56,700 --> 03:13:59,700
We gradually improve our methods
through experience, and 

3563
03:13:59,708 --> 03:14:02,200
Innovation. 
And we never stop trying to find

3564
03:14:02,200 --> 03:14:05,700
better ways to uncover truth. 
The detective story never ends 

3565
03:14:05,700 --> 03:14:10,400
it just evolves from boot prints
to fingerprints to DNA analysis 

3566
03:14:10,400 --> 03:14:14,300
to digital forensics, each era 
brings new challenges and 

3567
03:14:14,300 --> 03:14:17,900
develops new Solutions. 
But the fundamental human desire

3568
03:14:17,900 --> 03:14:21,200
to solve Mysteries remains 
unchanged you rest. 

3569
03:14:21,200 --> 03:14:24,000
Now, in the knowledge that human
cleverness has always found ways

3570
03:14:24,000 --> 03:14:27,400
to pursue Justice. 
Before fingerprints, detectives 

3571
03:14:27,400 --> 03:14:30,900
relied on Sharp eyes and patient
effort after fingerprints. 

3572
03:14:30,900 --> 03:14:34,100
They combined scientific tools 
with those same fundamental 

3573
03:14:34,100 --> 03:14:36,700
skills. 
The future will bring changes. 

3574
03:14:36,700 --> 03:14:39,700
We cannot yet. 
Imagine but the dedication to 

3575
03:14:39,700 --> 03:14:43,300
uncovering truth will persist, 
before sleep arrives, completely

3576
03:14:43,300 --> 03:14:46,800
you revisit other remarkable 
cases from the era of before 

3577
03:14:46,800 --> 03:14:49,800
fingerprints, each one teaches. 
Something about the Ingenuity 

3578
03:14:49,800 --> 03:14:51,600
and Persistence of early 
detectives. 

3579
03:14:51,600 --> 03:14:57,100
Consider the case of the missing
diamonds in Amsterdam in 1878, A

3580
03:14:57,100 --> 03:15:00,100
wealthy Merchant reported that a
fortune in gems, had vanished 

3581
03:15:00,100 --> 03:15:02,800
from his safe. 
The safe showed no signs of 

3582
03:15:02,800 --> 03:15:05,400
forced entry. 
Only three people knew the 

3583
03:15:05,400 --> 03:15:08,700
combination, the merchant 
himself, his business partner, 

3584
03:15:08,700 --> 03:15:13,000
and his most trusted Clark The 
investigating detective 

3585
03:15:13,000 --> 03:15:15,900
interviewed, all three 
separately, each claimed 

3586
03:15:15,900 --> 03:15:18,400
innocence. 
Each had an alibi for the time 

3587
03:15:18,400 --> 03:15:21,900
when the theft likely occurred. 
The merchant was at his club 

3588
03:15:21,900 --> 03:15:24,400
with Witnesses. 
The partner was visiting family 

3589
03:15:24,400 --> 03:15:26,700
in Rotterdam. 
The Clark was at church for 

3590
03:15:26,700 --> 03:15:29,600
evening Services. 
The detective could have stopped

3591
03:15:29,600 --> 03:15:33,600
there no evidence pointed to any
suspect but something bothered 

3592
03:15:33,600 --> 03:15:37,100
him about the clocks demeanor. 
The young man seemed to calm 

3593
03:15:37,100 --> 03:15:40,600
most people faced with 
accusations of major theft show.

3594
03:15:40,600 --> 03:15:44,200
Some of emotional reaction, even
when incent this Clark remained 

3595
03:15:44,200 --> 03:15:47,400
perfectly composed, the 
detective decided to verify the 

3596
03:15:47,408 --> 03:15:50,800
church Alibi thoroughly. 
He visited the church and spoke 

3597
03:15:50,800 --> 03:15:52,400
to the pasta. 
Yes. 

3598
03:15:52,400 --> 03:15:55,800
The Clark attended services that
evening, the pastor remembered 

3599
03:15:55,800 --> 03:15:58,200
seeing him. 
But when pressed for details, 

3600
03:15:58,200 --> 03:16:01,100
the pastor admitted, he only saw
the clerk at the beginning of 

3601
03:16:01,100 --> 03:16:04,600
the service. 
The church was crowded he could 

3602
03:16:04,600 --> 03:16:06,700
not say with certain that the 
Clark remained. 

3603
03:16:06,700 --> 03:16:10,800
For the entire time this opened 
a possibility, the Clark could 

3604
03:16:10,800 --> 03:16:13,600
have arrived at church to be 
seen slipped out during the 

3605
03:16:13,600 --> 03:16:17,200
service committed, the theft and
returned before the service 

3606
03:16:17,200 --> 03:16:20,900
ended The church sat only a few 
blocks from the merchants 

3607
03:16:20,900 --> 03:16:22,700
office. 
The timing could work. 

3608
03:16:23,800 --> 03:16:26,700
The detective then investigated 
how the Clark might have learned

3609
03:16:26,700 --> 03:16:29,800
the safe combination. 
He spoke to the merchants wife. 

3610
03:16:29,800 --> 03:16:32,800
She mentioned that her husband 
often worked late at the office.

3611
03:16:32,800 --> 03:16:35,800
With the Clark present, could 
the Clark of observed. 

3612
03:16:35,800 --> 03:16:39,100
The merchants opening the safe. 
The detective examined, the 

3613
03:16:39,100 --> 03:16:42,400
office layout, the safe, sat in 
a corner behind the merchants 

3614
03:16:42,400 --> 03:16:45,700
desk from the Clarks usual 
position at his own desk. 

3615
03:16:45,700 --> 03:16:48,000
He could not see the safe dial 
directly. 

3616
03:16:48,900 --> 03:16:52,100
But a large mirror hung on the 
wall across from the safe, the 

3617
03:16:52,100 --> 03:16:54,900
merchant probably never noticed 
that this mirror reflected his 

3618
03:16:54,900 --> 03:16:56,900
movements at the safe perfectly 
visible. 

3619
03:16:56,900 --> 03:17:00,900
From the Clark's position, the 
detective tested this theory, he

3620
03:17:00,900 --> 03:17:03,500
stood where the Clark usually 
sat and asked someone to open 

3621
03:17:03,500 --> 03:17:05,000
the safe. 
Sure enough. 

3622
03:17:05,000 --> 03:17:08,100
He could clearly see the entire 
combination dialed in the 

3623
03:17:08,100 --> 03:17:11,200
mirror's reflection. 
Over months of working late 

3624
03:17:11,200 --> 03:17:14,100
evening's together, the Clark 
had ample opportunity to 

3625
03:17:14,100 --> 03:17:17,300
memorize those numbers, but 
proving this Theory required, 

3626
03:17:17,300 --> 03:17:20,400
more than speculation the 
detective needed evidence. 

3627
03:17:20,400 --> 03:17:24,600
He obtained a warrant to search 
the Clark's lodgings In a 

3628
03:17:24,600 --> 03:17:27,200
locked, trunk hidden under the 
floorboards, he found the 

3629
03:17:27,200 --> 03:17:30,200
missing diamonds. 
Confronted with this discovery, 

3630
03:17:30,200 --> 03:17:33,600
the Clark confessed. 
He had indeed memorized the 

3631
03:17:33,608 --> 03:17:36,500
combination from the mirror 
reflection he slipped out of 

3632
03:17:36,500 --> 03:17:39,800
church during a lengthy sermon. 
He went to the office opened, 

3633
03:17:39,800 --> 03:17:42,800
the safe, took the diamonds and 
returned to church before anyone

3634
03:17:42,800 --> 03:17:45,300
missed him. 
He planned to sell the gems 

3635
03:17:45,300 --> 03:17:46,900
gradually and emigrate to 
America. 

3636
03:17:46,900 --> 03:17:50,100
This case demonstrates, how 
detectives had to think about 

3637
03:17:50,100 --> 03:17:52,600
sight lines and Reflections and 
all the ways. 

3638
03:17:52,600 --> 03:17:55,500
Someone might secretly observe 
information, they had to 

3639
03:17:55,508 --> 03:17:58,800
question Alibi is not by 
disproving them entirely, but by

3640
03:17:58,800 --> 03:18:02,000
finding gaps and possibilities 
within the, they had to trust 

3641
03:18:02,000 --> 03:18:04,800
their instincts, about human 
behavior while backing those 

3642
03:18:04,800 --> 03:18:08,800
instincts with solid evidence. 
You travel to New York City in 

3643
03:18:08,800 --> 03:18:11,800
1885, a series of arsenic 
poisoning. 

3644
03:18:11,800 --> 03:18:15,400
Has the city frightened, three 
people of died over the past six

3645
03:18:15,400 --> 03:18:18,800
months, all were. 
Well, he all died after sudden, 

3646
03:18:18,800 --> 03:18:22,300
mysterious illnesses, all showed
symptoms, consistent with 

3647
03:18:22,300 --> 03:18:25,300
arsenic poisoning. 
The detective assigned to the 

3648
03:18:25,300 --> 03:18:28,300
case faces, a difficult 
challenge asked, Nick was 

3649
03:18:28,300 --> 03:18:30,800
commonly available. 
It was sold openly for killing 

3650
03:18:30,800 --> 03:18:32,700
rats. 
Anyone could purchase it. 

3651
03:18:32,700 --> 03:18:35,500
The victims had no obvious 
connections to each other. 

3652
03:18:35,500 --> 03:18:38,100
They lived in different 
neighborhoods, they moved in 

3653
03:18:38,100 --> 03:18:40,900
different Social Circles. 
They had different occupations. 

3654
03:18:40,900 --> 03:18:44,900
The detective Begins by studying
the victims final days in 

3655
03:18:44,900 --> 03:18:46,900
detail. 
What did they eat? 

3656
03:18:46,900 --> 03:18:49,200
Who did they see? 
Where did they go? 

3657
03:18:50,800 --> 03:18:54,000
He interviews, family members, 
servants, doctors and Friends. 

3658
03:18:54,000 --> 03:18:56,800
He feels notebook. 
After notebook with information.

3659
03:18:57,900 --> 03:19:01,300
Gradually emerges, each victim 
had received a gift of 

3660
03:19:01,300 --> 03:19:03,600
expensive, chocolates shortly 
before falling ill. 

3661
03:19:04,400 --> 03:19:07,100
The chocolates came in elegant 
boxes with cards, expressing 

3662
03:19:07,100 --> 03:19:09,500
admiration, the cards were 
unsigned. 

3663
03:19:09,500 --> 03:19:13,100
The victims assumed they came 
from Secret admirers and ate 

3664
03:19:13,100 --> 03:19:16,100
them without suspicion. 
The detective now has a crucial 

3665
03:19:16,100 --> 03:19:18,300
lead. 
Someone is sending poison 

3666
03:19:18,300 --> 03:19:22,400
chocolates to wealthy victims 
but who and why these particular

3667
03:19:22,400 --> 03:19:24,600
people? 
He investigates the chocolate 

3668
03:19:24,600 --> 03:19:27,500
shops, none of the victims 
purchased such chocolates 

3669
03:19:27,500 --> 03:19:30,000
themselves. 
The boxes must have been bought 

3670
03:19:30,000 --> 03:19:32,700
by the killer. 
The detective shows descriptions

3671
03:19:32,700 --> 03:19:35,000
of the boxes to every 
confectioner in the city. 

3672
03:19:35,000 --> 03:19:39,200
Most recognized the style, it 
comes from a particular high-end

3673
03:19:39,200 --> 03:19:42,500
shop on 5th Avenue, The shop 
owner remembers selling several 

3674
03:19:42,500 --> 03:19:46,300
such boxes over the past year. 
He describes the customer As A 

3675
03:19:46,300 --> 03:19:49,500
well-dressed, middle-aged woman 
wearing a veil, she always paid 

3676
03:19:49,500 --> 03:19:51,300
cash. 
She never gave her name. 

3677
03:19:51,300 --> 03:19:55,200
She seemed nervous and hurried 
this description helps but does 

3678
03:19:55,200 --> 03:19:59,300
not identify anyone specific. 
Thousands of women in New York 

3679
03:19:59,300 --> 03:20:02,800
fit that General description. 
The detective needs more 

3680
03:20:02,800 --> 03:20:06,000
information, he returns to 
studying the victims. 

3681
03:20:06,000 --> 03:20:10,900
What connected them he digs into
their pasts he examines their 

3682
03:20:10,900 --> 03:20:13,800
business dealings and family 
histories, he looks for any 

3683
03:20:13,800 --> 03:20:17,100
intersection in their lives, no 
matter how distant, finally he 

3684
03:20:17,100 --> 03:20:21,000
finds it 20 years earlier, all 
three victims served on a jury 

3685
03:20:21,000 --> 03:20:23,000
together. 
They convicted a man of murder. 

3686
03:20:23,000 --> 03:20:26,700
The man was hanged. 
He left behind a wife and young 

3687
03:20:26,700 --> 03:20:28,900
daughter. 
The detective locates, the 

3688
03:20:28,900 --> 03:20:32,000
widow, she died years ago. 
That the daughter is still 

3689
03:20:32,000 --> 03:20:34,100
alive. 
She's now a middle-aged woman 

3690
03:20:34,100 --> 03:20:36,100
who matches the confectioners 
description. 

3691
03:20:36,100 --> 03:20:39,600
She lives modestly despite 
inheriting a small amount of 

3692
03:20:39,600 --> 03:20:42,700
money from her mother, The 
detective investigates, her 

3693
03:20:42,700 --> 03:20:46,000
movements she'd been seen near 
each victim's home shortly 

3694
03:20:46,000 --> 03:20:47,700
before the poison chocolate was 
delivered. 

3695
03:20:48,500 --> 03:20:50,600
She'd used different names to 
rent rooms in those 

3696
03:20:50,600 --> 03:20:52,900
neighborhoods. 
She had purchased rat poison 

3697
03:20:52,900 --> 03:20:56,400
from several different shops. 
With this evidence, the 

3698
03:20:56,400 --> 03:21:00,000
detective obtains, a warrant He 
searches her home and finds the 

3699
03:21:00,000 --> 03:21:03,300
same elegant chocolate boxes. 
He finds receipts from the 

3700
03:21:03,300 --> 03:21:05,800
confectioner. 
He finds a list of other during 

3701
03:21:05,800 --> 03:21:07,200
members who convicted her 
father. 

3702
03:21:08,000 --> 03:21:11,000
She admits everything. 
She spent 20 years planning 

3703
03:21:11,000 --> 03:21:13,400
revenge against everyone 
responsible for her, father's 

3704
03:21:13,400 --> 03:21:15,800
death. 
She believed him innocent. 

3705
03:21:15,800 --> 03:21:18,700
She wanted them to suffer as her
family had suffered. 

3706
03:21:18,700 --> 03:21:21,700
The detective has stopped her 
before, she could poison, the 

3707
03:21:21,700 --> 03:21:25,000
remaining jury members. 
This case shows how detectives 

3708
03:21:25,000 --> 03:21:28,700
must look beyond the obvious. 
The victim seemed random only by

3709
03:21:28,700 --> 03:21:31,000
researching their histories 
could the connection, be found 

3710
03:21:31,000 --> 03:21:33,400
the investigation required 
patience. 

3711
03:21:33,400 --> 03:21:36,800
And meticulous record-keeping 
without notebooks full of 

3712
03:21:36,800 --> 03:21:40,300
details about each victim's, 
past the link to that long ago. 

3713
03:21:40,300 --> 03:21:42,100
Trial might never have been 
discovered. 

3714
03:21:42,100 --> 03:21:44,100
You. 
Observe a counterfeiting 

3715
03:21:44,100 --> 03:21:48,400
investigation in Paris in 1890, 
fake Bank, notes of appeared 

3716
03:21:48,400 --> 03:21:51,100
throughout the city. 
They are excellent forgeries. 

3717
03:21:51,800 --> 03:21:54,400
Most shopkeepers and bank, 
tellers cannot distinguish them 

3718
03:21:54,400 --> 03:21:57,300
from genuine currency. 
The forgery is threatened to 

3719
03:21:57,300 --> 03:21:59,100
undermine confidence in French 
money. 

3720
03:21:59,100 --> 03:22:02,100
The detective examining the fake
notes uses. 

3721
03:22:02,100 --> 03:22:04,300
A magnifying glass to study 
every detail. 

3722
03:22:05,100 --> 03:22:06,600
The paper quality is nearly 
perfect. 

3723
03:22:06,600 --> 03:22:11,100
The printing is excellent. 
The watermarks look correct. but

3724
03:22:11,100 --> 03:22:15,100
under close examination, tiny 
differences appear, the genuine 

3725
03:22:15,100 --> 03:22:17,800
notes, use a particular shade of
blue ink that contains 

3726
03:22:17,800 --> 03:22:21,600
ultramarine pigment this pigment
produces a specific color under 

3727
03:22:21,600 --> 03:22:25,300
certain lighting conditions, The
forged notes use a similar but 

3728
03:22:25,300 --> 03:22:27,900
slightly different blue. 
The difference is almost 

3729
03:22:27,900 --> 03:22:31,500
imperceptible to the naked eye, 
but the detective learns to Spot

3730
03:22:31,500 --> 03:22:34,000
It. 
He also notices that the serial 

3731
03:22:34,000 --> 03:22:37,100
numbers on the fake notes. 
Follow a pattern, they all fall 

3732
03:22:37,100 --> 03:22:40,100
within specific ranges. 
This suggests, the forger 

3733
03:22:40,100 --> 03:22:43,300
produced them in batches by 
tracking which fake notes appear

3734
03:22:43,300 --> 03:22:47,100
where the detective can map the 
distribution Network, most 

3735
03:22:47,100 --> 03:22:50,500
forgeries, turn up in shops and 
markets on the Left Bank, the 

3736
03:22:50,500 --> 03:22:54,000
detective stations observers, at
key locations, they watch for 

3737
03:22:54,000 --> 03:22:56,800
anyone, spending unusual amounts
of money with different vendors.

3738
03:22:56,800 --> 03:23:00,600
They note descriptions and 
follow suspects, one man appears

3739
03:23:00,600 --> 03:23:02,800
repeatedly, he visits multiple 
shops. 

3740
03:23:02,800 --> 03:23:05,500
Each day, making small purchases
with large bills. 

3741
03:23:05,500 --> 03:23:08,200
He always receives change in 
genuine currency. 

3742
03:23:08,200 --> 03:23:11,900
He seems to have an endless 
supply of bills to spend the 

3743
03:23:11,900 --> 03:23:13,900
detective follows this man to a 
warehouse. 

3744
03:23:13,900 --> 03:23:17,000
Near the river over several days
of surveillance, he observes 

3745
03:23:17,000 --> 03:23:19,100
people entering with bags and 
leaving empty-handed. 

3746
03:23:20,000 --> 03:23:22,100
Something is being distributed 
from this location. 

3747
03:23:22,100 --> 03:23:26,200
The detective organizers 
arrayed. inside the warehouse 

3748
03:23:26,200 --> 03:23:29,900
authorities, find printing 
presses engraving tools, special

3749
03:23:29,900 --> 03:23:33,300
paper and inks They find 
thousands of counterfeit notes 

3750
03:23:33,300 --> 03:23:36,100
ready for distribution. 
They arrested dozen people 

3751
03:23:36,100 --> 03:23:38,500
including the mastering Graver, 
who created the plates. 

3752
03:23:38,500 --> 03:23:41,600
The engraver had worked for the 
official mint years early. 

3753
03:23:42,400 --> 03:23:45,000
He knew exactly how genuine 
currency was produced. 

3754
03:23:45,000 --> 03:23:48,200
He had acquired the skills and 
knowledge to replicate the 

3755
03:23:48,200 --> 03:23:50,500
process. 
Only the most careful 

3756
03:23:50,500 --> 03:23:52,400
examination could detect his 
forgeries. 

3757
03:23:53,100 --> 03:23:55,200
This case demonstrates how 
detective works. 

3758
03:23:55,200 --> 03:23:58,800
Sometimes requires specialized 
knowledge The detective needed 

3759
03:23:58,800 --> 03:24:01,700
to understand printing 
techniques paper quality and ink

3760
03:24:01,700 --> 03:24:05,400
composition, he needed to 
recognize similarities in serial

3761
03:24:05,400 --> 03:24:07,200
numbers. 
He needed to organize 

3762
03:24:07,200 --> 03:24:10,800
surveillance and coordinate 
raids, multiple skills combined 

3763
03:24:10,800 --> 03:24:14,000
to solve a complex crime. 
You move to a rural English 

3764
03:24:14,000 --> 03:24:17,700
Village in 1895, a farmer has 
been found dead in his field. 

3765
03:24:17,700 --> 03:24:22,100
At first, it appears to be a 
tragic accident, perhaps his 

3766
03:24:22,100 --> 03:24:25,900
heart faild while working. 
But the local Constable notices 

3767
03:24:25,900 --> 03:24:29,600
details, that seem wrong, the 
body lies face down in freshly 

3768
03:24:29,600 --> 03:24:32,200
plowed Earth, but the farmers 
hands are clean. 

3769
03:24:32,200 --> 03:24:36,100
If he'd been working, his hands 
would be dirty, his boots show. 

3770
03:24:36,100 --> 03:24:40,000
No mud, despite the wet field, 
his plow stands unused at the 

3771
03:24:40,000 --> 03:24:43,100
fields, Edge the horses, still 
hitched to it, looking Restless,

3772
03:24:43,100 --> 03:24:47,100
the Constable examines the body 
more carefully, he finds a wound

3773
03:24:47,100 --> 03:24:49,200
on the back of the head hidden 
by the farmers hat. 

3774
03:24:49,900 --> 03:24:52,800
This was no accident. 
Someone struck the farmer from 

3775
03:24:52,800 --> 03:24:56,300
behind the Constable questions, 
everyone who knew the farmer, 

3776
03:24:56,300 --> 03:25:00,600
most villagers liked him, he had
few enemies, he owed, no debts. 

3777
03:25:00,600 --> 03:25:02,600
He had no known disputes with 
neighbors. 

3778
03:25:02,600 --> 03:25:06,400
Why would anyone want him dead? 
The Constable learns that the 

3779
03:25:06,400 --> 03:25:08,500
farmer recently discovered 
something on his land. 

3780
03:25:08,500 --> 03:25:11,500
He'd been digging a drainage 
ditch and Unearthed, an old 

3781
03:25:11,500 --> 03:25:15,200
metal box inside were gold coins
from the previous century. 

3782
03:25:16,100 --> 03:25:18,400
The farmer told several people 
about his discovery. 

3783
03:25:19,200 --> 03:25:21,700
He planned to report it to 
authorities as the law required.

3784
03:25:22,400 --> 03:25:24,200
But not everyone. 
Thought the treasure should go 

3785
03:25:24,200 --> 03:25:26,800
to the government. 
One neighbor believed the gold 

3786
03:25:26,800 --> 03:25:28,200
should belong to, whoever found 
it. 

3787
03:25:28,800 --> 03:25:32,000
This neighborhood with the 
farmer about it, the argument 

3788
03:25:32,000 --> 03:25:34,800
ended badly with the neighbor 
threatening to take what he felt

3789
03:25:34,800 --> 03:25:37,700
was right for him. 
His the Constable question, this

3790
03:25:37,700 --> 03:25:41,100
neighbor, the man claims he was 
home all morning, his wife 

3791
03:25:41,100 --> 03:25:44,900
confirms this, But the Constable
notice is marred on the man's 

3792
03:25:44,900 --> 03:25:46,500
boots. 
That matches the field where the

3793
03:25:46,500 --> 03:25:49,300
farmer died. 
The man's Knuckles show fresh 

3794
03:25:49,300 --> 03:25:52,600
bruising consistent, with 
striking someone the Constable 

3795
03:25:52,600 --> 03:25:55,200
searches, the neighbor's 
property and finds the box of 

3796
03:25:55,200 --> 03:25:58,400
gold coins hidden in the barn, 
confronted with this evidence, 

3797
03:25:58,400 --> 03:26:01,900
the neighbor confesses He killed
the farmer intending to steal 

3798
03:26:01,900 --> 03:26:04,100
the treasure. 
He tried to make it look like 

3799
03:26:04,100 --> 03:26:07,400
the farmer simply collapsed 
while working this case shows 

3800
03:26:07,400 --> 03:26:11,500
how even small Details Matter, 
Clean Hands in a dirty field. 

3801
03:26:11,500 --> 03:26:13,600
Mud on boots. 
Bruised. 

3802
03:26:13,600 --> 03:26:15,700
Knuckles. 
Each observation added to the 

3803
03:26:15,700 --> 03:26:17,900
picture. 
The Constable's knowledge of his

3804
03:26:17,900 --> 03:26:21,300
community helped him, identify 
who might have motive his 

3805
03:26:21,300 --> 03:26:24,800
careful examination of the 
scene, revealed the truth. you 

3806
03:26:24,800 --> 03:26:28,400
witness a kidnapping case in 
Chicago in 1900 a wealthy 

3807
03:26:28,400 --> 03:26:31,300
industrialist young son vanishes
while walking home from school, 

3808
03:26:31,300 --> 03:26:36,200
a ransom not arrives demanding 
50,000 dollars the note warns 

3809
03:26:36,200 --> 03:26:39,700
against involving police, The 
family contacts authorities. 

3810
03:26:39,700 --> 03:26:43,300
Anyway, the detective assigned 
to the case examined, the ransom

3811
03:26:43,300 --> 03:26:46,900
note carefully, Handwriting 
appears deliberately disguise 

3812
03:26:46,900 --> 03:26:50,100
letters are formed, awkwardly, 
as if written with the wrong 

3813
03:26:50,100 --> 03:26:52,400
hand. 
But somehow it's reveal 

3814
03:26:52,400 --> 03:26:55,000
themselves, despite the 
disguise, the writer 

3815
03:26:55,000 --> 03:26:58,000
consistently crosses. 
Teas slightly to the left the 

3816
03:26:58,000 --> 03:26:59,700
letter. 
S always curves, more at the 

3817
03:26:59,700 --> 03:27:02,500
bottom than the top. 
These might help identify the 

3818
03:27:02,500 --> 03:27:05,800
writer if investigators can, 
compare the note to samples from

3819
03:27:05,800 --> 03:27:09,400
Suspects. 
The note itself provides clues 

3820
03:27:09,400 --> 03:27:12,300
about the writer. 
The paper is common stock of 

3821
03:27:12,300 --> 03:27:15,800
available at any stationer. 
But the envelope shows, a 

3822
03:27:15,800 --> 03:27:18,400
partial postmarked from a 
specific postal station on the 

3823
03:27:18,408 --> 03:27:22,700
north side of the city. this 
Narrows the search area, the 

3824
03:27:22,700 --> 03:27:26,100
detective also, analyzes the 
language in the note, Certain 

3825
03:27:26,100 --> 03:27:29,600
phrases suggest the writer has 
education, the grammar is 

3826
03:27:29,600 --> 03:27:32,000
correct. 
The vocabulary is sophisticated.

3827
03:27:32,000 --> 03:27:35,300
This is not a desperate criminal
from the slums. 

3828
03:27:35,300 --> 03:27:39,200
This is someone with schooling. 
And perhaps social standing, the

3829
03:27:39,200 --> 03:27:42,600
detective investigates who knew 
about the boys routine, who knew

3830
03:27:42,600 --> 03:27:44,300
which route he took home from 
school? 

3831
03:27:44,300 --> 03:27:48,300
The list is surprisingly small, 
the family employed few 

3832
03:27:48,300 --> 03:27:50,500
servants. 
The boy had few friends outside 

3833
03:27:50,500 --> 03:27:53,800
his immediate Social Circle. 
One name of peers that seems 

3834
03:27:53,800 --> 03:27:55,400
unlikely but cannot be 
eliminated. 

3835
03:27:55,400 --> 03:27:59,800
The boys tutor. 
A young man hired to teach Latin

3836
03:27:59,800 --> 03:28:02,700
and Mathematics. 
He was well-educated but always 

3837
03:28:02,700 --> 03:28:05,400
seemed to need money. 
He gambled frequently and had 

3838
03:28:05,400 --> 03:28:08,100
debts. 
The detective obtained samples 

3839
03:28:08,100 --> 03:28:10,300
of the tutors handwriting from 
lesson plans. 

3840
03:28:10,300 --> 03:28:14,300
And correspondents, Despite The 
Skys in the ransom note, those 

3841
03:28:14,300 --> 03:28:17,400
characteristic tea crosses and 
s-curves appear in the tutors 

3842
03:28:17,400 --> 03:28:19,200
righting, that means there's a 
match. 

3843
03:28:20,000 --> 03:28:22,600
The detective arrest, the tutor 
and searches his rooms. 

3844
03:28:22,600 --> 03:28:25,100
He finds the boy unharmed but 
locked in a closet. 

3845
03:28:26,000 --> 03:28:28,100
The tutor had convinced, the boy
that this was a game. 

3846
03:28:28,108 --> 03:28:31,100
They were playing, he planned to
collect the ransom and flee to 

3847
03:28:31,108 --> 03:28:33,800
Europe. 
This case shows how analyzing 

3848
03:28:33,800 --> 03:28:36,700
handwriting can identify 
criminals even when they try to 

3849
03:28:36,700 --> 03:28:39,800
disguise their writing. 
Shows how knowledge of a 

3850
03:28:39,800 --> 03:28:43,700
victim's routine helps identify 
who had opportunity it shows how

3851
03:28:43,700 --> 03:28:46,600
detectives must consider even 
unlikely suspects. 

3852
03:28:46,600 --> 03:28:49,800
When the evidence points in that
direction, You observe a case of

3853
03:28:49,800 --> 03:28:53,900
art, theft in Rome in 1905, a 
valuable Renaissance painting 

3854
03:28:53,900 --> 03:28:55,400
disappears from a private 
collection. 

3855
03:28:55,400 --> 03:28:59,700
The owners Palazzo has extensive
security, guards Patrol, the 

3856
03:28:59,700 --> 03:29:04,200
grounds doors remain locked 
Windows have bars yet somehow 

3857
03:29:04,200 --> 03:29:06,600
the painting vanished without 
any signs of forced entry. 

3858
03:29:07,800 --> 03:29:10,700
The detective examines the empty
frames still hanging on the 

3859
03:29:10,700 --> 03:29:12,800
wall. 
The painting was cut from it 

3860
03:29:12,800 --> 03:29:15,800
with a sharp blade. 
This was done carefully to avoid

3861
03:29:15,800 --> 03:29:19,200
damaging the canvas, the thief 
knew how to handle valuable art 

3862
03:29:19,200 --> 03:29:21,800
properly. 
The detective studies the rooms 

3863
03:29:21,800 --> 03:29:25,700
layout the windows are in deed 
barred the door locks from 

3864
03:29:25,700 --> 03:29:27,800
inside. 
The only other entrance is 

3865
03:29:27,800 --> 03:29:31,000
through the owners private 
Chambers examining the room more

3866
03:29:31,000 --> 03:29:33,800
carefully, the detective 
notices, the fireplace is large 

3867
03:29:33,800 --> 03:29:36,600
and ornate, he looks up the 
chimney and sees that it 

3868
03:29:36,608 --> 03:29:39,500
connects to an old shaft that 
once served as a servant's 

3869
03:29:39,500 --> 03:29:42,200
passage between floors. 
The detective explores the 

3870
03:29:42,200 --> 03:29:44,800
seller and finds evidence that 
someone recently opened the 

3871
03:29:44,800 --> 03:29:47,500
sealed. 
Passage fresh scrap Mark show, 

3872
03:29:47,500 --> 03:29:49,200
where a wooden panel was pried 
loose. 

3873
03:29:49,900 --> 03:29:52,700
Following these traces leads to 
a coal chute that provides 

3874
03:29:52,700 --> 03:29:55,600
access from outside. 
He questions the oldest 

3875
03:29:55,600 --> 03:29:58,800
servants, one elderly man, 
remembers the passage from his 

3876
03:29:58,800 --> 03:30:00,700
youth. 
He mentions that he showed it 

3877
03:30:00,708 --> 03:30:04,000
once to his nephew who was 
curious about the palazzo's 

3878
03:30:04,000 --> 03:30:08,400
history that nephew works as a 
restorer of old paintings, the 

3879
03:30:08,400 --> 03:30:11,400
detective investigates, the 
nephew and discovers he recently

3880
03:30:11,400 --> 03:30:15,600
paid off large gambling debts. 
Search of his Workshop reveals 

3881
03:30:15,600 --> 03:30:18,200
tools and materials consistent 
with the theft. 

3882
03:30:18,900 --> 03:30:22,600
Under questioning the nephew. 
Admits everything he used his 

3883
03:30:22,600 --> 03:30:24,800
knowledge of the palazzo's 
architecture to steal the 

3884
03:30:24,800 --> 03:30:26,800
painting. 
This case demonstrates, how 

3885
03:30:26,800 --> 03:30:29,300
detectives must understand 
architecture and history. 

3886
03:30:30,600 --> 03:30:33,100
They must think about old 
passages and forgotten Roots. 

3887
03:30:33,100 --> 03:30:35,900
They must consider who A 
specialized knowledge that could

3888
03:30:35,900 --> 03:30:39,400
enable a particular crime. 
He traveled to San Francisco in 

3889
03:30:39,400 --> 03:30:42,500
1908. 
Series of Warehouse fires. 

3890
03:30:42,500 --> 03:30:45,600
Plagued the Waterfront, each 
fire starts in the middle of the

3891
03:30:45,600 --> 03:30:48,300
night. 
Each destroys valuable cargo 

3892
03:30:48,300 --> 03:30:52,900
insurance companies, suspect 
arson but cannot prove it the 

3893
03:30:52,900 --> 03:30:55,900
detective visits each fire scene
after the Flames die down. 

3894
03:30:55,908 --> 03:31:00,000
And one scene he finds melted 
glass and Twisted Metal showing 

3895
03:31:00,000 --> 03:31:03,100
the fire burned extremely hot in
one specific location. 

3896
03:31:03,100 --> 03:31:05,800
This suggests an accelerant was 
used. 

3897
03:31:05,800 --> 03:31:09,000
He collects samples and sends 
them to a chemist who reports 

3898
03:31:09,000 --> 03:31:11,400
finding traces of kerosene mixed
with other chemicals. 

3899
03:31:12,300 --> 03:31:15,100
The detective investigates who 
might benefit from these fires, 

3900
03:31:15,100 --> 03:31:17,200
he discovers an interesting 
pattern. 

3901
03:31:18,100 --> 03:31:20,800
Which Warehouse that burned was 
scheduled to ship cargo to a 

3902
03:31:20,800 --> 03:31:23,600
specific Merchant House, that 
Merchant house then had to 

3903
03:31:23,600 --> 03:31:26,500
purchase replacement goods from 
a competing supplier at higher 

3904
03:31:26,500 --> 03:31:29,200
prices. 
The detective investigates the 

3905
03:31:29,200 --> 03:31:32,700
suppliers employees one worker 
was recently fired from his 

3906
03:31:32,700 --> 03:31:35,700
previous job at the shipping 
company that worker was seen 

3907
03:31:35,700 --> 03:31:37,500
near the Waterfront late at 
night before. 

3908
03:31:37,500 --> 03:31:40,600
Several of the fires, 
surveillance leads to the final 

3909
03:31:40,600 --> 03:31:43,000
evidence. 
The detective observes him 

3910
03:31:43,000 --> 03:31:45,800
meeting with the suppliers 
owner, discussing plans, for the

3911
03:31:45,800 --> 03:31:48,400
next fire. 
Police move in to make arrests, 

3912
03:31:48,400 --> 03:31:51,300
the arsonist confesses to 
setting the fires for payment, 

3913
03:31:51,300 --> 03:31:54,200
from the competing supplier, who
wanted to eliminate business 

3914
03:31:54,200 --> 03:31:57,800
rivals, This case shows how 
detectives must understand 

3915
03:31:57,800 --> 03:32:01,300
business relationships, in 
economic motives, they must 

3916
03:32:01,300 --> 03:32:03,500
recognize patterns across 
multiple incidents. 

3917
03:32:03,500 --> 03:32:07,200
They must use scientific 
analysis when available these 

3918
03:32:07,200 --> 03:32:10,100
stories from the era before 
fingerprints reveal the breadth 

3919
03:32:10,100 --> 03:32:11,900
and depth of early detective 
work. 

3920
03:32:12,900 --> 03:32:15,600
Investigators developed 
remarkable skills using the 

3921
03:32:15,600 --> 03:32:18,200
tools available to them. 
They learned to observe 

3922
03:32:18,200 --> 03:32:21,900
manipulate they learned to 
question effectively they 

3923
03:32:21,900 --> 03:32:25,400
learned to think logically about
causes and effects they learned 

3924
03:32:25,400 --> 03:32:29,800
to persist through difficulty 
The arrival of fingerprint, 

3925
03:32:29,800 --> 03:32:33,000
technology did not replace these
skills, it enhanced them. 

3926
03:32:33,600 --> 03:32:36,200
Modern detectives still observe 
crime scenes carefully. 

3927
03:32:36,200 --> 03:32:38,600
They still interview Witnesses 
and suspects. 

3928
03:32:38,600 --> 03:32:41,600
They still build cases, through 
patient, accumulation of 

3929
03:32:41,600 --> 03:32:43,500
evidence. 
They still use logic and 

3930
03:32:43,500 --> 03:32:45,800
deduction. 
They simply have additional 

3931
03:32:45,800 --> 03:32:47,800
scientific tools to support 
their work. 

3932
03:32:47,800 --> 03:32:51,500
You can consider one final 
aspect of early detective work 

3933
03:32:51,500 --> 03:32:54,700
that deserves attention. 
The psychological understanding 

3934
03:32:54,700 --> 03:32:57,800
that developed through 
experience, Detectives learn to 

3935
03:32:57,800 --> 03:33:00,800
recognize markings in human 
behavior that help them 

3936
03:33:00,800 --> 03:33:03,700
anticipate criminal actions and 
identify deception. 

3937
03:33:04,600 --> 03:33:08,200
A veteran detective in Berlin in
1910 could walk into a room and 

3938
03:33:08,200 --> 03:33:11,500
sense when something was wrong. 
He had interviewed hundreds of 

3939
03:33:11,500 --> 03:33:14,600
suspects over his career. 
He knew how innocent people 

3940
03:33:14,600 --> 03:33:16,500
typically reacted to 
Acquisitions. 

3941
03:33:16,500 --> 03:33:20,900
They showed anger or confusional
fear, but they also showed a 

3942
03:33:20,900 --> 03:33:23,500
quality of genuine bewilderment 
that was difficult to fake. 

3943
03:33:24,300 --> 03:33:27,500
Guilty, people often acted 
differently, some became overly 

3944
03:33:27,500 --> 03:33:30,000
calm, and controlled, they 
prepared their stories to 

3945
03:33:30,000 --> 03:33:32,000
carefully. 
There are answers came to 

3946
03:33:32,000 --> 03:33:35,000
quickly without the hesitation 
that accompanies genuine memory 

3947
03:33:35,000 --> 03:33:38,500
others became defensive in ways 
that seemed out of proportion to

3948
03:33:38,500 --> 03:33:40,900
the situation. 
They protested too much. 

3949
03:33:40,908 --> 03:33:43,700
The skilled detective learned to
recognize these. 

3950
03:33:43,700 --> 03:33:46,800
He understood that nervousness 
alone, proved nothing. 

3951
03:33:47,600 --> 03:33:50,000
An innocent person might be 
terrified of police. 

3952
03:33:50,000 --> 03:33:53,000
The guilty person might appear 
completely at ease. 

3953
03:33:54,300 --> 03:33:58,100
But over time subtle differences
emerge that trained observers 

3954
03:33:58,100 --> 03:34:01,500
could detect you watch this 
veteran detective interviewer 

3955
03:34:01,500 --> 03:34:04,800
suspect in a murder case the 
suspect maintains perfect 

3956
03:34:04,800 --> 03:34:08,000
composure while denying 
everything his Alibi sounds 

3957
03:34:08,000 --> 03:34:12,100
rehearsed every detail fits 
together smoothly too smoothly, 

3958
03:34:12,100 --> 03:34:15,500
perhaps. 
The detective asks, seemingly 

3959
03:34:15,500 --> 03:34:18,200
random questions. 
What was the weather like that 

3960
03:34:18,200 --> 03:34:20,100
day? 
What did you eat for breakfast? 

3961
03:34:20,100 --> 03:34:22,400
What song was playing in the 
cafe? 

3962
03:34:23,600 --> 03:34:26,700
The suspect answers each 
question with confidence, but 

3963
03:34:26,700 --> 03:34:29,500
the detective notices that these
peripheral details, come as 

3964
03:34:29,500 --> 03:34:32,900
quickly as The Alibi itself. 
Most people struggle to remember

3965
03:34:32,900 --> 03:34:36,600
incidental information from days
past this suspect recalls, 

3966
03:34:36,600 --> 03:34:40,600
everything with unusual Clarity.
The detective changes tactics. 

3967
03:34:40,600 --> 03:34:43,600
He mentions details about the 
crime that were never made 

3968
03:34:43,600 --> 03:34:46,600
public. 
He watches the suspects reaction

3969
03:34:46,600 --> 03:34:49,300
carefully. 
Does the suspect show surprise 

3970
03:34:49,300 --> 03:34:52,600
at learning new information or 
does something in his expression

3971
03:34:52,600 --> 03:34:54,500
suggests? 
He already knew these facts. 

3972
03:34:55,600 --> 03:34:58,500
Tiny flicker crosses the 
suspects face when the detective

3973
03:34:58,500 --> 03:35:01,800
describes the murder weapon. 
Just a momentary tightening 

3974
03:35:01,800 --> 03:35:03,900
around the eyes. 
Nothing dramatic. 

3975
03:35:04,800 --> 03:35:07,900
But the detective has spent 
decades watching people's faces.

3976
03:35:07,900 --> 03:35:10,500
He knows that flicker. 
It is recognition. 

3977
03:35:11,900 --> 03:35:15,200
The suspect has seen that weapon
before the detective presses, 

3978
03:35:15,200 --> 03:35:17,700
this Advantage. 
He describes the weapon in more 

3979
03:35:17,700 --> 03:35:19,600
detail, he mentions where it was
found. 

3980
03:35:21,000 --> 03:35:22,700
The suspects carefully, 
maintained. 

3981
03:35:22,700 --> 03:35:26,300
Composure begins to crack. 
Small signs of stress appear. 

3982
03:35:26,300 --> 03:35:28,400
He touches his face more 
frequently. 

3983
03:35:28,400 --> 03:35:32,400
His breathing quickens slightly.
He shifts in his chair. 

3984
03:35:33,300 --> 03:35:36,200
These observations are not 
scientific evidence, they would 

3985
03:35:36,200 --> 03:35:39,500
not stand alone in court. 
But they tell the experienced 

3986
03:35:39,500 --> 03:35:43,200
detective, where to focus his 
investigation they suggest which

3987
03:35:43,200 --> 03:35:46,600
lines of questioning might prove
productive, they indicate when 

3988
03:35:46,600 --> 03:35:49,900
someone is hiding something 
worth pursuing combined with 

3989
03:35:49,900 --> 03:35:53,100
other evidence and testimony, 
these behavioral observations 

3990
03:35:53,100 --> 03:35:57,600
helped solve the case. 
The detective cycle Insight 

3991
03:35:57,600 --> 03:36:01,300
guides the investigation toward 
productive Avenues, his ability 

3992
03:36:01,300 --> 03:36:04,200
to read people compliments, his 
ability to analyze physical 

3993
03:36:04,200 --> 03:36:08,000
evidence, this cycle dimension 
of detective, work developed 

3994
03:36:08,000 --> 03:36:10,900
naturally through practice. 
The most successful 

3995
03:36:10,900 --> 03:36:14,100
investigators were often those 
who combined sharp observational

3996
03:36:14,100 --> 03:36:16,100
skills. 
With deep understanding of human

3997
03:36:16,100 --> 03:36:19,800
nature, they could spot a liar. 
They could recognize when 

3998
03:36:19,800 --> 03:36:23,100
someone was protecting another 
person they could sense when a 

3999
03:36:23,100 --> 03:36:25,600
witness held back, crucial 
information out of fear rather 

4000
03:36:25,600 --> 03:36:29,200
than malice these skills, proved
especially valuable in the era 

4001
03:36:29,200 --> 03:36:33,000
before fingerprints without 
scientific certainty detectives 

4002
03:36:33,000 --> 03:36:35,000
relied heavily on their judgment
about people. 

4003
03:36:35,700 --> 03:36:38,700
They had to decide which 
Witnesses seemed credible, they 

4004
03:36:38,700 --> 03:36:41,900
had to determine which suspects 
deserved further investigation. 

4005
03:36:41,900 --> 03:36:45,000
They had to build cases on 
foundations of human testimony 

4006
03:36:45,000 --> 03:36:48,700
and behavioral observation. 
The best detectives approached 

4007
03:36:48,700 --> 03:36:50,300
this responsibility with 
humility. 

4008
03:36:50,300 --> 03:36:53,600
They knew their intuitions could
be wrong, they knew that 

4009
03:36:53,608 --> 03:36:56,200
innocent people. 
Sometimes acted suspicious while

4010
03:36:56,200 --> 03:36:59,900
guilty people sometimes seemed 
honest They did not rely on 

4011
03:36:59,900 --> 03:37:02,500
cycle insights alone. 
They always sought 

4012
03:37:02,500 --> 03:37:04,800
corroborating, evidence and 
multiple sources of 

4013
03:37:04,800 --> 03:37:07,400
confirmation. 
Yet within these limitations 

4014
03:37:07,400 --> 03:37:09,900
their psychological 
understanding, proved remarkably

4015
03:37:09,900 --> 03:37:13,400
effective, many guilty people 
confessed when confronted by 

4016
03:37:13,400 --> 03:37:15,600
detectives, who clearly 
understood their motives and 

4017
03:37:15,600 --> 03:37:19,100
methods, many investigations 
succeeded because detectives 

4018
03:37:19,100 --> 03:37:22,400
correctly identified who was 
lying and who was telling the 

4019
03:37:22,400 --> 03:37:25,200
truth. 
As you drift towards sleep, you 

4020
03:37:25,200 --> 03:37:27,700
reflect on the complete picture 
of detective work before 

4021
03:37:27,700 --> 03:37:30,400
fingerprints. 
It was patient observation of 

4022
03:37:30,400 --> 03:37:34,000
physical details, it was careful
documentation in notebooks and 

4023
03:37:34,000 --> 03:37:35,600
files. 
It was skillful. 

4024
03:37:35,600 --> 03:37:39,200
Interviewing and interrogation. 
It was cultivation of informant 

4025
03:37:39,200 --> 03:37:41,400
networks. 
It was understanding of 

4026
03:37:41,400 --> 03:37:44,600
chemistry and handwriting and 
document analysis, it was 

4027
03:37:44,608 --> 03:37:47,800
surveillance and stakeouts. 
It was logical deduction from 

4028
03:37:47,800 --> 03:37:51,200
available evidence and it was 
psychological insight into human

4029
03:37:51,200 --> 03:37:54,000
behavior. 
All these elements combined to 

4030
03:37:54,000 --> 03:37:56,700
create a profession that solved 
crimes through intelligence and 

4031
03:37:56,700 --> 03:37:59,300
persistence rather than through 
technology. 

4032
03:38:00,100 --> 03:38:02,600
The detectives of that era 
proved that human cleverness. 

4033
03:38:02,600 --> 03:38:06,100
Could overcome limited tools. 
They showed that dedication and 

4034
03:38:06,100 --> 03:38:07,600
skill matter more than 
equipment. 

4035
03:38:07,600 --> 03:38:11,700
Their legacy continues to day. 
Every modern investigator. 

4036
03:38:11,700 --> 03:38:15,000
Builds on foundations laid by 
those early detectives the 

4037
03:38:15,000 --> 03:38:17,600
notebooks are digital. 
Now, the surveillance uses 

4038
03:38:17,600 --> 03:38:20,500
cameras and computers the 
scientific tools are 

4039
03:38:20,500 --> 03:38:23,900
sophisticated Beyond imagination
but the fundamental approach 

4040
03:38:23,900 --> 03:38:26,900
Remains the Same. 
Observe care for Lee think. 

4041
03:38:26,900 --> 03:38:29,400
Clearly never give up on finding
truth. 

4042
03:38:29,400 --> 03:38:33,000
Sleep comes gently. 
Now your breathing slows, the 

4043
03:38:33,000 --> 03:38:36,400
modern world Fades, and in that 
peaceful space between thought 

4044
03:38:36,400 --> 03:38:39,800
and dream you carry with you, 
the stories of detectives passed

4045
03:38:39,800 --> 03:38:43,500
their careful observations. 
Their patient interviews, their 

4046
03:38:43,500 --> 03:38:46,800
details records, their 
persistent to solve Mysteries 

4047
03:38:46,800 --> 03:38:51,200
one, clue at a time. the foggy, 
London Street, dissolves, the 

4048
03:38:51,200 --> 03:38:54,500
Constable puts away his 
notebook, the case closes, and 

4049
03:38:54,500 --> 03:39:03,100
you rest, You're stepping into 
the everyday world of late 16th 

4050
03:39:03,100 --> 03:39:06,900
century and early 17th century, 
England away from the theaters 

4051
03:39:06,900 --> 03:39:10,800
and printed folios. 
Here in the regular rhythms of 

4052
03:39:10,800 --> 03:39:15,200
streets lodgings and households.
William Shakespeare lived a life

4053
03:39:15,200 --> 03:39:20,100
shaped by work travel and quiet.
Observation this is the story of

4054
03:39:20,100 --> 03:39:23,200
his ordinary days. 
You wake in a room where light 

4055
03:39:23,200 --> 03:39:27,900
filters through small Windows, 
the S smells of wood and wool. 

4056
03:39:28,800 --> 03:39:31,900
Whether you're in Stratford upon
Avon or in London mornings, 

4057
03:39:31,900 --> 03:39:35,600
begin with simple tasks. 
Pull on clothes that have been 

4058
03:39:35,600 --> 03:39:37,300
worn before and will be worn 
again. 

4059
03:39:38,100 --> 03:39:41,400
Shoes are practical. 
Floor is cool beneath your feet.

4060
03:39:42,300 --> 03:39:46,200
In Stratford the house on Henley
Street holds the familiar sounds

4061
03:39:46,200 --> 03:39:48,900
of family. 
Doors open and close. 

4062
03:39:48,900 --> 03:39:54,100
Voices carry from room to room. 
Your wife, Anne managers, the 

4063
03:39:54,100 --> 03:39:57,500
household your children move 
through their own routines. 

4064
03:39:57,500 --> 03:40:01,000
You spend time here between 
stretches of work in London 

4065
03:40:01,000 --> 03:40:04,800
returning to a place where the 
streets are known and the faces 

4066
03:40:04,800 --> 03:40:07,600
are constant. 
The house itself is substantial 

4067
03:40:07,600 --> 03:40:11,200
Timber frames. 
Support the walls, the rooms are

4068
03:40:11,200 --> 03:40:14,100
divided by function. 
There is a hole for Gathering 

4069
03:40:14,100 --> 03:40:16,200
Chambers for sleeping and a 
kitchen for cooking. 

4070
03:40:17,200 --> 03:40:21,900
Structure stood for years, it 
will stand for years more, you 

4071
03:40:21,900 --> 03:40:25,500
know, every corner of it. 
Your daughters Susanna and 

4072
03:40:25,500 --> 03:40:27,900
Judith have their own lives 
within the household. 

4073
03:40:28,800 --> 03:40:33,800
Susanna is the elder serious and
capable Judith is quieter and 

4074
03:40:33,800 --> 03:40:36,600
more reserved. 
You see them when you return 

4075
03:40:36,600 --> 03:40:40,500
from London, the time between 
visits means you notice their 

4076
03:40:40,500 --> 03:40:43,100
growth in sudden, jumps rather 
than gradual changes. 

4077
03:40:43,100 --> 03:40:47,700
And is practical, she manages 
the property, oversees the 

4078
03:40:47,700 --> 03:40:50,000
servants and handles daily 
necessities. 

4079
03:40:50,800 --> 03:40:53,600
Your marriage is not passionate 
but it is functional. 

4080
03:40:53,600 --> 03:40:58,800
You respect each other, you 
fulfill your role when your home

4081
03:40:58,800 --> 03:41:02,100
you share meals and discuss 
household matters, when you are 

4082
03:41:02,100 --> 03:41:04,100
away, she continues with without
you. 

4083
03:41:04,100 --> 03:41:07,900
The town of Stratford is small 
enough that everyone knows 

4084
03:41:07,900 --> 03:41:10,100
everyone. 
You walk through the streets and

4085
03:41:10,108 --> 03:41:14,200
greet, Neighbors, The Baker, the
Smith, the tailor, these are 

4086
03:41:14,200 --> 03:41:15,500
people, you have known since 
childhood. 

4087
03:41:15,500 --> 03:41:18,600
They know your family, they know
your business. 

4088
03:41:19,600 --> 03:41:21,400
There is comfort in this 
familiarity. 

4089
03:41:21,400 --> 03:41:25,900
The river Avon runs through the 
town you walk along it, 

4090
03:41:25,900 --> 03:41:27,700
sometimes watching the water 
move. 

4091
03:41:28,500 --> 03:41:32,000
The sound is constant and 
soothing in summer. 

4092
03:41:32,000 --> 03:41:36,400
The banks are green in Winter. 
They are bare the river marks 

4093
03:41:36,400 --> 03:41:38,400
the seasons more clearly than 
the calendar. 

4094
03:41:38,400 --> 03:41:43,200
London is different. 
The city is larger louder and 

4095
03:41:43,200 --> 03:41:46,400
more crowded. 
You lodgen rooms near the Thames

4096
03:41:46,400 --> 03:41:49,200
or in neighborhoods, where 
theater workers gather the 

4097
03:41:49,200 --> 03:41:53,700
buildings, lean close together, 
smoke rises from chimneys, the 

4098
03:41:53,700 --> 03:41:56,600
river moves, steadily carrying 
boats and barges. 

4099
03:41:57,600 --> 03:42:00,300
You walk the same routes often 
enough that your feet know the 

4100
03:42:00,300 --> 03:42:03,700
turns your lodgings in London 
change over the years. 

4101
03:42:03,700 --> 03:42:08,000
You move from one set of rooms 
to another Sometimes you stay 

4102
03:42:08,000 --> 03:42:10,600
with other theater. 
People, sometimes you rent a 

4103
03:42:10,600 --> 03:42:13,300
space above a shot. 
The accommodations are 

4104
03:42:13,300 --> 03:42:15,800
temporary. 
You do not invest in making them

4105
03:42:15,800 --> 03:42:18,200
comfortable. 
They are places to sleep and 

4106
03:42:18,200 --> 03:42:19,300
work. 
Nothing more. 

4107
03:42:20,500 --> 03:42:23,700
The city streets are busy from 
early morning until late evening

4108
03:42:23,700 --> 03:42:26,300
carts. 
Rumble over cobblestones 

4109
03:42:26,300 --> 03:42:28,600
vendors. 
Call out their Wares 

4110
03:42:28,600 --> 03:42:31,300
apprentices. 
Hurry to complete errands. 

4111
03:42:32,100 --> 03:42:34,000
You navigate through the crowd 
without much. 

4112
03:42:34,000 --> 03:42:39,100
Thought the motion is automatic.
You pass the same landmarks 

4113
03:42:39,100 --> 03:42:42,000
daily. 
Certain churches, certain 

4114
03:42:42,000 --> 03:42:45,000
Bridges, certain Corners where 
streets meet. 

4115
03:42:45,700 --> 03:42:50,000
These markers help you Orient 
yourself even on foggy mornings 

4116
03:42:50,000 --> 03:42:53,000
or dark evenings, you know, 
where you are by the shape of 

4117
03:42:53,008 --> 03:42:54,600
buildings and the sounds around 
you. 

4118
03:42:55,500 --> 03:42:58,100
Mornings in London. 
Begin with the sounds of carts 

4119
03:42:58,100 --> 03:43:00,800
and voices. 
You leave your lodging and step 

4120
03:43:00,800 --> 03:43:02,700
into streets already busy with 
work. 

4121
03:43:03,400 --> 03:43:07,200
Bakers Brewers merchants and 
laborers move through their own 

4122
03:43:07,200 --> 03:43:09,700
schedules. 
You pass them without much, 

4123
03:43:09,700 --> 03:43:12,000
notice. 
The rhythm of the city is 

4124
03:43:12,000 --> 03:43:15,300
constant and you are part of it,
the smell of the city is 

4125
03:43:15,300 --> 03:43:20,000
distinctive smoke from fires. 
The Tang of the river horse in 

4126
03:43:20,000 --> 03:43:24,200
the streets, cooking food 
unwashed body's you stop 

4127
03:43:24,200 --> 03:43:26,800
noticing after a while it 
becomes background. 

4128
03:43:26,800 --> 03:43:29,900
Like the noise you walk to the 
theater. 

4129
03:43:29,900 --> 03:43:33,300
The Globe stand south of the 
river around. 

4130
03:43:33,300 --> 03:43:35,300
Wooden structure visible from a 
distance. 

4131
03:43:35,300 --> 03:43:39,400
He crossed the Thames by boat or
Bridge depending on the weather 

4132
03:43:39,400 --> 03:43:42,400
in the time. 
The water is cold in Winter and 

4133
03:43:42,400 --> 03:43:46,700
calm in summer, Boatman call out
to passengers, you pay your fare

4134
03:43:46,700 --> 03:43:50,400
and step aboard. 
The boat ride is brief, you sit 

4135
03:43:50,400 --> 03:43:54,300
or stand among other passengers.
Some are going to the theater as

4136
03:43:54,300 --> 03:43:58,900
work as or Patron's others. 
Have different destinations the 

4137
03:43:58,900 --> 03:44:03,000
boat rocks gently The Boatman 
works, the oars with practice 

4138
03:44:03,000 --> 03:44:06,300
efficiency. 
You watch the water or the far 

4139
03:44:06,300 --> 03:44:08,900
Bank. 
The walk from the bridge to the 

4140
03:44:08,900 --> 03:44:11,900
theater takes you through 
streets lined with workshops and

4141
03:44:11,900 --> 03:44:15,000
homes. 
You see the same buildings, the 

4142
03:44:15,000 --> 03:44:20,700
same signs and the same Corners.
The root becomes automatic, your

4143
03:44:20,700 --> 03:44:22,900
mind wanders, while your feet 
carry, you forward. 

4144
03:44:22,900 --> 03:44:26,800
You think about the work ahead 
Seen that needs revision. 

4145
03:44:26,800 --> 03:44:30,800
Align, that felt awkward in 
yesterday's rehearsal a 

4146
03:44:30,800 --> 03:44:32,300
conversation, you need to have 
with an actor. 

4147
03:44:33,300 --> 03:44:35,300
These thoughts occupy you as you
walk. 

4148
03:44:36,100 --> 03:44:38,900
Inside the theater, the days 
work Begins. 

4149
03:44:38,900 --> 03:44:43,400
The space is open to the sky in 
the center, wooden benches and 

4150
03:44:43,400 --> 03:44:47,300
galleries surround the stage the
smell of sawdust and costumes, 

4151
03:44:47,300 --> 03:44:52,500
fills the air. 
It is arrived and prepare you 

4152
03:44:52,500 --> 03:44:54,800
speak with them about the days 
performance or the next 

4153
03:44:54,800 --> 03:44:59,000
rehearsal the conversations are 
practical lines are reviewed. 

4154
03:44:59,000 --> 03:45:02,200
Blocking his adjusted costumes, 
a checked. 

4155
03:45:02,200 --> 03:45:04,900
The stage itself is a raise 
platform. 

4156
03:45:04,900 --> 03:45:09,600
Trapdoors allow actors to enter 
from below the balcony above 

4157
03:45:09,600 --> 03:45:14,000
serves as battlements bedrooms 
or upper Windows depending on 

4158
03:45:14,000 --> 03:45:16,800
the play. 
The architecture is simple, but 

4159
03:45:16,800 --> 03:45:19,300
versatile. 
You, with these physical 

4160
03:45:19,300 --> 03:45:22,400
constraints. 
In mind, the backstage area is 

4161
03:45:22,400 --> 03:45:24,600
cramped costumes. 
Hang on. 

4162
03:45:24,608 --> 03:45:27,300
Pegs props are stacked in 
Corners. 

4163
03:45:27,300 --> 03:45:30,300
Actors change. 
Quickly pulling on robes or 

4164
03:45:30,300 --> 03:45:33,100
armor. 
The space is organized chaos. 

4165
03:45:33,100 --> 03:45:36,900
Everyone knows where things are 
supposed to be even if they are 

4166
03:45:36,908 --> 03:45:39,700
not always there. 
You write in the mornings or 

4167
03:45:39,708 --> 03:45:44,200
afternoons, depending on the 
schedule a table, a chair paper 

4168
03:45:44,200 --> 03:45:48,300
and ink. 
The tools are simple, you sit 

4169
03:45:48,300 --> 03:45:52,000
and work through scenes, 
revising lines, that felt rough.

4170
03:45:52,000 --> 03:45:56,300
The day before the process is 
slow, you cross out words, 

4171
03:45:56,300 --> 03:45:59,800
rewrite phrases and test Rhythm 
allowed to yourself. 

4172
03:46:00,800 --> 03:46:03,700
Writing is not magical. 
It is work. 

4173
03:46:03,700 --> 03:46:07,500
That requires focus and 
repetition, the ink you use is 

4174
03:46:07,500 --> 03:46:11,500
black and thin. 
Flows from the quill easily when

4175
03:46:11,500 --> 03:46:14,500
the quill is sharp. 
When the point dulls, the 

4176
03:46:14,508 --> 03:46:18,300
writing becomes scratchy, you 
sharpen the quill with a small 

4177
03:46:18,300 --> 03:46:20,500
knife. 
The motion is familiar. 

4178
03:46:20,500 --> 03:46:25,000
You've done it thousands of 
times papers expensive, but not 

4179
03:46:25,000 --> 03:46:29,000
prohibitively. 
So you use it carefully margins 

4180
03:46:29,000 --> 03:46:32,600
are filled with notes Crossed 
Out Lines remain visible beneath

4181
03:46:32,600 --> 03:46:35,300
new ones each sheet represents 
money. 

4182
03:46:35,300 --> 03:46:39,100
So waste is minimized. 
You read what you've written 

4183
03:46:39,100 --> 03:46:41,300
allowed. 
Hearing the words reveals 

4184
03:46:41,300 --> 03:46:43,200
problems that reading silently 
does not. 

4185
03:46:44,000 --> 03:46:47,400
A rhythm that seemed fine on the
page, sound awkward when spoken 

4186
03:46:47,400 --> 03:46:50,400
a line that felt clever feels 
forced. 

4187
03:46:50,400 --> 03:46:54,600
You adjust accordingly. 
Between rehearsals and 

4188
03:46:54,600 --> 03:46:57,700
performances, there are hours to
fill you walk. 

4189
03:46:57,700 --> 03:47:01,700
You observe you listen to 
conversations in markets and 

4190
03:47:01,700 --> 03:47:05,400
taverns, people speak about 
their work, their families, and 

4191
03:47:05,400 --> 03:47:07,900
their complaints. 
You remember fragments of 

4192
03:47:07,900 --> 03:47:12,500
speech, turns a phrase and the 
way anger or humor sounds in 

4193
03:47:12,500 --> 03:47:15,600
different voices. 
These pieces find their way into

4194
03:47:15,600 --> 03:47:19,200
your writing later, the 
marketplace is particularly rich

4195
03:47:19,200 --> 03:47:23,400
with material arguments over 
prices, flirtations between 

4196
03:47:23,400 --> 03:47:26,500
vendors and customers. 
Complaints about the weather or 

4197
03:47:26,500 --> 03:47:29,600
the quality of goods you watch 
and listen without seeming to 

4198
03:47:30,500 --> 03:47:34,000
people do not perform when they 
think they are unobserved, their

4199
03:47:34,000 --> 03:47:36,100
natural behavior is more 
interesting than any 

4200
03:47:36,100 --> 03:47:39,500
performance. 
You notice physical details, how

4201
03:47:39,500 --> 03:47:43,200
a merchant shift his weight, 
when lying, how a woman adjusts 

4202
03:47:43,200 --> 03:47:47,200
her shawl, when cold how a child
tugs at a parent slave for 

4203
03:47:47,200 --> 03:47:50,300
attention these small gestures 
reveal character. 

4204
03:47:50,300 --> 03:47:55,200
You file them away, In 
Stratford, the pace is slow. 

4205
03:47:55,200 --> 03:47:57,800
You walk through the town and 
into the countryside. 

4206
03:47:59,000 --> 03:48:02,100
Field stretch out in all 
directions. 

4207
03:48:02,100 --> 03:48:06,300
The air is quieter. 
You visit family, handle 

4208
03:48:06,300 --> 03:48:08,500
business matters and a tend to 
property. 

4209
03:48:09,100 --> 03:48:13,200
There are documents to sign 
rents to collect and agreements 

4210
03:48:13,200 --> 03:48:17,500
to make these tasks are 
necessary and unremarkable, you 

4211
03:48:17,500 --> 03:48:20,800
own property in and around 
Stratford, some of it produces 

4212
03:48:20,800 --> 03:48:23,100
income. 
Some of it is for your families.

4213
03:48:23,100 --> 03:48:25,900
Use you check on these 
properties when you are home, 

4214
03:48:25,900 --> 03:48:29,500
you speak with tenants you, 
inspect buildings for needed 

4215
03:48:29,500 --> 03:48:32,200
repairs. 
The work is mundane but 

4216
03:48:32,200 --> 03:48:36,100
important the countryside around
Stratford offers space and 

4217
03:48:36,100 --> 03:48:38,700
silents. 
You walk along paths, you have 

4218
03:48:38,700 --> 03:48:41,800
known since childhood the 
landscape changes with the 

4219
03:48:41,800 --> 03:48:44,200
seasons but remains 
fundamentally the same. 

4220
03:48:45,100 --> 03:48:48,600
Hill's in the distance Fields 
divided by hedgehogs sheep 

4221
03:48:48,600 --> 03:48:52,100
grazing, the occasional 
Farmhouse, you think while 

4222
03:48:52,100 --> 03:48:55,600
walking not focused thoughts, 
but a kind of mental wandering 

4223
03:48:55,600 --> 03:49:00,500
ideas for scenes memories, 
observations about people, you 

4224
03:49:00,500 --> 03:49:04,800
have seen the walking itself, 
helps the thinking movement and 

4225
03:49:04,800 --> 03:49:07,800
thought to Connected. 
You eat midday meals, wherever 

4226
03:49:07,800 --> 03:49:11,300
you happen to be in London, this
might mean a Tavern near the 

4227
03:49:11,300 --> 03:49:16,200
theater or stall selling bread 
and cheese in Stratford Mills 

4228
03:49:16,200 --> 03:49:19,300
are taken at home. 
The food is playing and filling 

4229
03:49:19,300 --> 03:49:23,900
bread. 
Meat vegetables and Ale you eat 

4230
03:49:23,900 --> 03:49:25,900
with without ceremony and return
to your work. 

4231
03:49:26,800 --> 03:49:28,700
Taverns in London. 
Vary in quality. 

4232
03:49:29,600 --> 03:49:33,300
Some are clean and well-kept, 
others are dark and smell of old

4233
03:49:33,300 --> 03:49:35,800
beer. 
You choose based on location and

4234
03:49:35,800 --> 03:49:40,200
familiarity rather than quality.
As long as the food is edible 

4235
03:49:40,200 --> 03:49:43,400
and the ale is drinkable The 
Tavern serves its purpose. 

4236
03:49:43,400 --> 03:49:47,900
You sit at communal tables. 
Stranger, sit beside you 

4237
03:49:47,900 --> 03:49:52,300
sometimes conversation starts. 
Sometimes everyone eats in 

4238
03:49:52,300 --> 03:49:56,400
silence, your comfortable with 
both, you can be social when it 

4239
03:49:56,400 --> 03:50:00,200
serves you you can be invisible.
When you prefer the bread is 

4240
03:50:00,200 --> 03:50:03,800
coarse and dense. 
It fills your stomach, the meat 

4241
03:50:03,800 --> 03:50:08,200
is whatever is available that 
day beef, mutton, pork and 

4242
03:50:08,200 --> 03:50:11,900
chicken. 
It is cooked simply roasted or 

4243
03:50:11,900 --> 03:50:14,700
boiled. 
Vegetables are mostly Roots, 

4244
03:50:14,700 --> 03:50:19,200
turnips, carrots and onions. 
They are soft from long cooking.

4245
03:50:19,200 --> 03:50:23,600
After noon's, bring performance 
is or more writing if a player 

4246
03:50:23,600 --> 03:50:25,800
is being staged. 
You watch from the side or 

4247
03:50:25,800 --> 03:50:29,700
assist with last-minute changes.
The actors perform the same line

4248
03:50:29,700 --> 03:50:32,400
you wrote but they add their own
interpretations. 

4249
03:50:32,400 --> 03:50:36,300
You notice what works and what 
does not you make mental notes 

4250
03:50:36,300 --> 03:50:40,200
for future revisions. 
The audience is varied grounding

4251
03:50:40,200 --> 03:50:44,100
stand in the yard, close to the 
stage, they allowed and active. 

4252
03:50:44,100 --> 03:50:49,400
They Heckle laugh and gas. 
The reactions are immediate. 

4253
03:50:50,300 --> 03:50:52,600
The wealthier patrons sit in the
galleries. 

4254
03:50:52,600 --> 03:50:55,100
They are quieter, but no less 
engaged. 

4255
03:50:55,100 --> 03:50:57,200
You gauge the audience's 
response. 

4256
03:50:57,200 --> 03:51:01,300
When do they lean forward? 
When do they shift restlessly? 

4257
03:51:01,300 --> 03:51:05,300
When do they laugh? 
When do they fall silent these 

4258
03:51:05,300 --> 03:51:07,000
reactions? 
Tell you, what is working? 

4259
03:51:07,000 --> 03:51:10,600
A joke that lands in rehearsal 
might fall flat in performance? 

4260
03:51:10,600 --> 03:51:13,800
A serious moment. 
Might get an unexpected laugh. 

4261
03:51:13,800 --> 03:51:16,900
You just future performance is 
based on what you learn. 

4262
03:51:16,900 --> 03:51:22,100
If a scene drags, you tighten 
it, If a joke misses you replace

4263
03:51:22,100 --> 03:51:25,400
it, the plays are not fixed. 
They evolved with the 

4264
03:51:25,408 --> 03:51:28,700
performance when there is no 
performance, the afternoon is 

4265
03:51:28,700 --> 03:51:32,000
opened. 
You might read walk or visit. 

4266
03:51:32,000 --> 03:51:36,200
Someone time is not scared, but 
it is not wasted. 

4267
03:51:36,200 --> 03:51:40,500
You move through the hours with 
purpose, even when the purpose 

4268
03:51:40,500 --> 03:51:43,800
is simply rest. 
Reading offers its own 

4269
03:51:43,800 --> 03:51:48,900
Pleasures, you read history 
classical texts and poetry by 

4270
03:51:48,900 --> 03:51:52,300
other writers the reading 
informs your writing without 

4271
03:51:52,300 --> 03:51:57,100
direct imitation. 
You absorb Styles, ideas and 

4272
03:51:57,100 --> 03:52:00,600
structures later. 
They emerge, transformed in your

4273
03:52:00,600 --> 03:52:03,800
own work. 
You read in your lodging or in 

4274
03:52:03,800 --> 03:52:06,800
quiet corners of the theater. 
The light needs to be good. 

4275
03:52:07,800 --> 03:52:11,000
Cannot read by candlelight for 
long without your eyes tiring? 

4276
03:52:11,700 --> 03:52:15,500
Daylight is better, is your 
position yourself near a window 

4277
03:52:15,508 --> 03:52:18,100
when possible. 
Some books are borrowed, some 

4278
03:52:18,100 --> 03:52:22,200
are purchased books are valuable
you treat them carefully, you do

4279
03:52:22,200 --> 03:52:25,600
not Mark the pages or bend the 
covers when you finish you 

4280
03:52:25,600 --> 03:52:30,300
return, borrowed books promptly,
evenings approach gradually the 

4281
03:52:30,300 --> 03:52:35,700
light changes Shadows length and
the city begins to settle in 

4282
03:52:35,700 --> 03:52:38,000
London. 
You return to your lodging or 

4283
03:52:38,000 --> 03:52:42,000
meet colleges at Aven in 
Stratford you remain at home. 

4284
03:52:42,800 --> 03:52:45,100
The transition from day to night
is gentle. 

4285
03:52:45,900 --> 03:52:48,500
The quality of light in late 
afternoon is soft. 

4286
03:52:48,500 --> 03:52:53,900
The harsh brightness of midday 
Fades colors, become richer 

4287
03:52:53,900 --> 03:52:56,500
Shadows a longer and more 
dramatic. 

4288
03:52:56,500 --> 03:53:00,500
You notice these changes their 
affect your mood without you 

4289
03:53:00,500 --> 03:53:04,500
thinking about it consciously In
some summer, the days are long. 

4290
03:53:05,200 --> 03:53:08,500
Evening seems delayed. 
You work later because the light

4291
03:53:08,500 --> 03:53:11,800
permits it in winter. 
Darkness comes early. 

4292
03:53:12,600 --> 03:53:16,000
You adjust your schedule, 
accordingly, the seasons dictate

4293
03:53:16,000 --> 03:53:21,000
rhythms, you do not live a life 
of constant excitement, the days

4294
03:53:21,000 --> 03:53:24,600
are built from routine. 
You walk the same streets, see 

4295
03:53:24,600 --> 03:53:27,300
the same faces and perform the 
same tasks. 

4296
03:53:27,300 --> 03:53:30,900
This repetition is not Dull it 
provides structure. 

4297
03:53:30,900 --> 03:53:34,900
It allows you to notice small 
changes to refine your 

4298
03:53:34,900 --> 03:53:38,100
observations and to build a life
that supports your work. 

4299
03:53:38,100 --> 03:53:41,300
The routine is comforting. 
You know what, each day will 

4300
03:53:41,300 --> 03:53:44,900
bring, there are variations, but
the overall pattern remains 

4301
03:53:44,900 --> 03:53:48,100
consistent. 
This predictability allows you 

4302
03:53:48,100 --> 03:53:50,600
to focus on the work rather than
on Logistics. 

4303
03:53:50,600 --> 03:53:55,000
You develop habits, you wake up 
at the same time, you eat at the

4304
03:53:55,000 --> 03:53:59,200
same time, you work during the 
same hours, these habits create 

4305
03:53:59,200 --> 03:54:01,800
efficiency. 
You do not waste energy to 

4306
03:54:01,800 --> 03:54:04,900
deciding what to do next. 
You simply follow the pattern, 

4307
03:54:06,000 --> 03:54:09,300
Your relationship with both 
cities is practical, London 

4308
03:54:09,300 --> 03:54:13,100
offers work, income and 
connection to the theater world.

4309
03:54:14,000 --> 03:54:17,200
Stratford offers family property
and a slower Pace. 

4310
03:54:17,200 --> 03:54:21,200
You move between them regularly 
adjusting to each place as 

4311
03:54:21,200 --> 03:54:23,800
needed. 
Neither feels more real than the

4312
03:54:23,800 --> 03:54:27,600
other, both the part of your 
life, the journey between the 

4313
03:54:27,600 --> 03:54:31,000
cities takes two or three days 
depending on conditions you 

4314
03:54:31,000 --> 03:54:34,800
travel on Horseback or by coach.
The roads are rough in places 

4315
03:54:34,800 --> 03:54:37,400
smooth. 
In others, rain makes the muddy 

4316
03:54:37,400 --> 03:54:41,400
dry weather makes them Dusty. 
You stop at the same ends along 

4317
03:54:41,400 --> 03:54:43,900
the way. 
The innkeepers recognize you, 

4318
03:54:43,900 --> 03:54:48,000
they know your preferences, a 
room that is quiet a meal. 

4319
03:54:48,000 --> 03:54:50,100
That is simple ale. 
That is fresh. 

4320
03:54:50,100 --> 03:54:54,400
These small familiarities make 
travel easier you carry very 

4321
03:54:54,400 --> 03:54:59,100
little with you when you travel.
A few clothes papers and money. 

4322
03:55:00,000 --> 03:55:03,600
The journey between Stratford 
and London takes time but it is 

4323
03:55:03,600 --> 03:55:06,800
familiar. 
You know, the roads the Inns 

4324
03:55:06,800 --> 03:55:11,200
along the way and the rhythms of
travel you do not rush you 

4325
03:55:11,200 --> 03:55:15,500
arrive when you arrive the 
landscape changes as you travel.

4326
03:55:16,500 --> 03:55:20,400
Flat Fields, giveaway to Rolling
Hills Villages appear and 

4327
03:55:20,400 --> 03:55:23,100
disappear. 
You watch the scenery without 

4328
03:55:23,100 --> 03:55:26,300
much interest. 
It is pleasant, but not 

4329
03:55:26,300 --> 03:55:29,200
captivating. 
The real interest is in 

4330
03:55:29,200 --> 03:55:31,800
arriving, not in the journey 
itself. 

4331
03:55:31,800 --> 03:55:36,800
Other Travelers share the roads,
Merchant's Messengers and 

4332
03:55:36,800 --> 03:55:38,500
Farmers bringing Goods to 
Market. 

4333
03:55:38,500 --> 03:55:43,000
You exchanged, Greetings, or 
nots Sometimes you write 

4334
03:55:43,000 --> 03:55:47,400
alongside someone for a stretch,
sometimes you travel alone at 

4335
03:55:47,400 --> 03:55:50,400
night, you settle into whichever
space you occupy. 

4336
03:55:50,400 --> 03:55:54,100
The rumors dark or lit by a 
single candle. 

4337
03:55:54,900 --> 03:55:58,300
You prepare for sleep by setting
aside, the day's concerns 

4338
03:55:58,300 --> 03:56:02,700
tomorrow will bring more of the 
same work, the same streets and 

4339
03:56:02,700 --> 03:56:05,600
the same routines. 
This predictability is 

4340
03:56:05,600 --> 03:56:07,800
comforting, you know what to 
expect? 

4341
03:56:09,700 --> 03:56:13,600
Transition from waking to 
sleeping is gradual, you do not 

4342
03:56:13,600 --> 03:56:16,200
fight it, you let tiredness 
overtake. 

4343
03:56:16,200 --> 03:56:21,300
You the day ends, the night 
begins sleep, will restore you 

4344
03:56:21,300 --> 03:56:26,100
for whatever tomorrow brings you
earn your living by writing This

4345
03:56:26,100 --> 03:56:29,500
is not a romantic Pursuit. 
It is a job that requires 

4346
03:56:29,500 --> 03:56:32,600
discipline skill and attention 
to deadlines. 

4347
03:56:33,500 --> 03:56:35,700
The theater company depends on 
new material. 

4348
03:56:35,700 --> 03:56:41,200
Audience is expect a variety. 
You provide both Your writing 

4349
03:56:41,200 --> 03:56:45,500
process is methodical, you sit 
with paper and Dink, you begin 

4350
03:56:45,500 --> 03:56:47,700
with an idea a character or a 
situation. 

4351
03:56:48,900 --> 03:56:52,900
First draft is rough, words come
quickly, but they are not always

4352
03:56:52,900 --> 03:56:55,600
the right words. 
You write through scenes 

4353
03:56:55,600 --> 03:56:59,900
testing, dialogue, building 
conflicts and moving characters 

4354
03:56:59,900 --> 03:57:03,600
from one moment to the next. 
The initial inspiration for a 

4355
03:57:03,600 --> 03:57:08,000
play can come from anywhere. 
A story, you heard a historical 

4356
03:57:08,000 --> 03:57:10,400
event an old play you want to 
improve? 

4357
03:57:11,300 --> 03:57:13,000
A character type, you want to 
explore. 

4358
03:57:14,000 --> 03:57:16,500
The Source matters less than 
what you do with it. 

4359
03:57:17,200 --> 03:57:21,100
You often work from existing 
stories histories of English 

4360
03:57:21,100 --> 03:57:24,900
kings, Italian Tales Roman 
biographies. 

4361
03:57:24,900 --> 03:57:28,400
These provide Frameworks, you 
adapt them. 

4362
03:57:28,400 --> 03:57:31,900
Change them and reshape them to 
suit your purposes. 

4363
03:57:31,900 --> 03:57:34,600
The bones of the story. 
Come from elsewhere. 

4364
03:57:35,500 --> 03:57:38,800
Flesh is your own. 
Revision is where the real work 

4365
03:57:38,800 --> 03:57:41,000
happens. 
You read what you've written? 

4366
03:57:41,000 --> 03:57:44,800
You cross out lines that feel 
false, you rewrite speeches, 

4367
03:57:44,800 --> 03:57:49,600
that lack Rhythm you tighten 
scenes that drag The process is 

4368
03:57:49,600 --> 03:57:52,900
slow and repetitive. 
You might spend days on a single

4369
03:57:52,900 --> 03:57:54,700
actor, Justin, and until it 
feels right. 

4370
03:57:55,500 --> 03:57:58,900
You read passages allowed to 
yourself, the sound matters. 

4371
03:57:58,900 --> 03:58:02,400
Align that looks good on paper, 
might not sound right when 

4372
03:58:02,400 --> 03:58:04,800
spoken. 
The Rhythm needs to match the 

4373
03:58:04,800 --> 03:58:07,700
meaning. 
Stressed syllables need to fall 

4374
03:58:07,700 --> 03:58:11,300
in the right places. 
You count beats five beats per 

4375
03:58:11,300 --> 03:58:14,800
line from most beaches 10 
syllables the pattern is 

4376
03:58:14,800 --> 03:58:17,600
flexible. 
Not rigid you break it. 

4377
03:58:17,600 --> 03:58:21,300
When breaking it serves the 
meaning but the underlying 

4378
03:58:21,300 --> 03:58:25,200
Rhythm provides structure, you 
revised dialogue to sound like 

4379
03:58:25,200 --> 03:58:29,600
speech not like writing People 
interrupt each other, they leave

4380
03:58:29,600 --> 03:58:32,200
sentences unfinished. 
They repeat themselves. 

4381
03:58:32,200 --> 03:58:36,200
They use contractions your 
written dialogue needs to 

4382
03:58:36,200 --> 03:58:39,400
capture this naturalness while 
remaining clear enough for an 

4383
03:58:39,400 --> 03:58:41,900
audience to follow. 
The plays are written for 

4384
03:58:41,900 --> 03:58:43,900
performance. 
Not publication. 

4385
03:58:44,700 --> 03:58:48,700
You write with the voices of 
specific actors in mind, you 

4386
03:58:48,700 --> 03:58:52,400
know, their strengths, their 
ranges and the types of roles 

4387
03:58:52,400 --> 03:58:55,400
they perform best. 
This knowledge shapes your 

4388
03:58:55,400 --> 03:58:58,600
characters, you give certain 
actors the roles that suit them.

4389
03:58:58,600 --> 03:59:00,800
The writing is collaborative in 
this way. 

4390
03:59:00,800 --> 03:59:04,900
Even when you are alone at the 
table Richard Burbage gets the 

4391
03:59:04,900 --> 03:59:07,900
leading tragic role. 
He has the voice and presents 

4392
03:59:07,900 --> 03:59:11,700
for them will kempe. 
And later Robert Armin, get the 

4393
03:59:11,700 --> 03:59:15,200
comic roles they can improvise 
and you write space for them to 

4394
03:59:15,200 --> 03:59:18,000
do so. 
Boy, actors, play the women. 

4395
03:59:18,000 --> 03:59:21,200
You write female roles that 
suit, their voices and 

4396
03:59:21,200 --> 03:59:23,700
abilities. 
You know, who will be available 

4397
03:59:23,700 --> 03:59:27,400
for each production. 
If a key actor is ill or away, 

4398
03:59:27,400 --> 03:59:33,200
you would just you rewrite roles
you redistribute lines, the play

4399
03:59:33,200 --> 03:59:35,700
must go on. 
So you make it work, you also 

4400
03:59:35,700 --> 03:59:39,200
write poetry sonnet's a longer 
narrative poems. 

4401
03:59:39,200 --> 03:59:43,100
These are different from plays. 
The structure is tighter, the 

4402
03:59:43,100 --> 03:59:46,400
language is dense. 
Sir you write them for Patron's 

4403
03:59:46,400 --> 03:59:48,700
for publication and for your own
satisfaction. 

4404
03:59:48,700 --> 03:59:52,700
The income from poetry is less 
predictable than the income from

4405
03:59:52,700 --> 03:59:55,600
plays, but it adds variety to 
your work. 

4406
03:59:56,300 --> 04:00:00,700
The sonnets follow a strict form
14 lines a particular. 

4407
04:00:00,700 --> 04:00:04,600
Rhyme scheme, specific meter The
constraints are part of the 

4408
04:00:04,600 --> 04:00:07,300
appeal, you find Freedom within 
the restrictions. 

4409
04:00:08,100 --> 04:00:09,900
The form forces, you to be 
precise. 

4410
04:00:10,700 --> 04:00:14,700
You write narrative poems on 
commission, a patron, requests a

4411
04:00:14,700 --> 04:00:18,600
poem, on a particular subject, 
you research plan draft and 

4412
04:00:18,600 --> 04:00:21,300
revise. 
The work is similar to writing 

4413
04:00:21,300 --> 04:00:24,800
plays, but with different 
technical demands, the language 

4414
04:00:24,800 --> 04:00:28,100
can be more elaborate, there is 
no need to consider how it will 

4415
04:00:28,100 --> 04:00:31,000
sound on stage. 
The theater business is not just

4416
04:00:31,000 --> 04:00:35,600
writing your part of a company. 
You attend meetings, you discuss

4417
04:00:35,600 --> 04:00:39,700
which place to Stage, which 
roles to cast and which costs to

4418
04:00:39,700 --> 04:00:42,300
commission. 
You help manage, finance's, 

4419
04:00:42,300 --> 04:00:45,100
divide profits and handle 
disputes. 

4420
04:00:45,100 --> 04:00:48,200
The work is Administrative and 
necessary. 

4421
04:00:48,200 --> 04:00:52,200
The company is organized, as a 
partnership several Members Own 

4422
04:00:52,200 --> 04:00:55,700
shares, you are one of them. 
This gives you a say in 

4423
04:00:55,708 --> 04:00:57,600
decisions and a share of the 
profits. 

4424
04:00:57,600 --> 04:00:59,900
It also means you share the 
risks. 

4425
04:00:59,900 --> 04:01:03,600
If a play fails, everyone loses 
money meetings, can be 

4426
04:01:03,600 --> 04:01:06,300
contentious different 
shareholders have different 

4427
04:01:06,300 --> 04:01:09,200
priorities. 
Someone wants to Stage a 

4428
04:01:09,200 --> 04:01:12,600
particular type of play. 
Someone else disagrees you 

4429
04:01:12,600 --> 04:01:16,900
argue, you compromise? 
Eventually decisions are made 

4430
04:01:16,900 --> 04:01:22,000
financial matters are complex 
ticket sales cost for costumes 

4431
04:01:22,000 --> 04:01:26,200
and props, rent for the theater 
space and payments to actors and

4432
04:01:26,200 --> 04:01:29,000
musicians. 
The accounts must be kept 

4433
04:01:29,000 --> 04:01:34,200
carefully, errors can lead to 
losses or disputes rehearsals 

4434
04:01:34,200 --> 04:01:38,200
fill many hours, you sit with 
actors and read through scenes, 

4435
04:01:38,200 --> 04:01:43,100
you clarify intentions, you 
suggest line readings, you 

4436
04:01:43,100 --> 04:01:45,200
adjust blocking. 
When something feels off? 

4437
04:01:45,900 --> 04:01:47,600
The actors offer their own 
ideas. 

4438
04:01:47,600 --> 04:01:51,800
You listen sometimes they're 
suggestions improve the work, 

4439
04:01:51,800 --> 04:01:55,200
sometimes you hold firm to your 
original Vision. 

4440
04:01:55,200 --> 04:01:59,400
Blocking is the physical 
movement on stage who enters 

4441
04:01:59,400 --> 04:02:03,500
from where, who stands where 
during a conversation, who moves

4442
04:02:03,500 --> 04:02:07,500
when These decisions affect how 
the audience understands 

4443
04:02:07,500 --> 04:02:11,000
relationships and intentions. 
You work with the actors to 

4444
04:02:11,000 --> 04:02:14,700
find, natural movements, an 
actor might instinctively turn 

4445
04:02:14,700 --> 04:02:18,300
away during a particular line. 
This reveal something about the 

4446
04:02:18,300 --> 04:02:20,900
character. 
You notice an incorporated. 

4447
04:02:21,800 --> 04:02:25,200
Some actors need more than 
others experienced. 

4448
04:02:25,200 --> 04:02:28,300
Actors bring their own 
interpretations, younger actors 

4449
04:02:28,300 --> 04:02:31,200
need guidance. 
You adjust your approach based 

4450
04:02:31,200 --> 04:02:35,200
on who you are working with. 
Props and costumes are discussed

4451
04:02:35,200 --> 04:02:38,300
during rehearsals. 
Does this character need a 

4452
04:02:38,300 --> 04:02:40,600
sword? 
Should this character wear a 

4453
04:02:40,600 --> 04:02:42,900
cloak? 
These are practical questions 

4454
04:02:42,900 --> 04:02:46,500
with artistic implications. 
The visual elements support. 

4455
04:02:46,500 --> 04:02:50,200
The story performance is of the 
culmination of weeks, or months 

4456
04:02:50,200 --> 04:02:53,800
of work, you watch from 
backstage or from the galleries,

4457
04:02:53,800 --> 04:02:56,100
the audience responds in real 
time. 

4458
04:02:56,100 --> 04:03:01,200
They laugh gas gross silent or 
lose interest. 

4459
04:03:02,200 --> 04:03:04,000
Their reactions. 
Tell you what works? 

4460
04:03:04,900 --> 04:03:08,100
You take note? 
Future plays will reflect what 

4461
04:03:08,100 --> 04:03:10,600
you learned here. 
The Groundlings are the most 

4462
04:03:10,600 --> 04:03:13,500
vocal. 
They shout comments, they boo 

4463
04:03:13,500 --> 04:03:15,500
villains. 
They cheer Heroes. 

4464
04:03:15,500 --> 04:03:18,900
Their energy affects the 
performance actors feed off it. 

4465
04:03:18,900 --> 04:03:21,900
The galleries are quieter, but 
you can still gauge their 

4466
04:03:21,900 --> 04:03:24,700
engagement. 
Do they Lean Forward during 

4467
04:03:24,700 --> 04:03:27,400
tents moments? 
Do they whisper to each other 

4468
04:03:27,400 --> 04:03:30,700
during boring stretches? 
You watch and learn. 

4469
04:03:31,600 --> 04:03:33,500
Some performances, go better 
than others. 

4470
04:03:33,500 --> 04:03:36,300
The actors might be particularly
sharp one day. 

4471
04:03:36,300 --> 04:03:38,900
The audience might be 
particularly receptive, 

4472
04:03:38,900 --> 04:03:43,700
everything clicks other days, 
the performances flat, the 

4473
04:03:43,700 --> 04:03:46,700
actors misuse. 
The audience is restless. 

4474
04:03:46,700 --> 04:03:50,100
You accept? 
Both the theater is a commercial

4475
04:03:50,100 --> 04:03:53,000
Enterprise. 
Success is measured in ticket, 

4476
04:03:53,000 --> 04:03:56,600
sales and Repeat Performance is 
you write plays that, people 

4477
04:03:56,600 --> 04:04:00,500
want to see, This does not mean,
you write only for popularity 

4478
04:04:00,500 --> 04:04:03,300
but you are aware of audience 
preferences. 

4479
04:04:04,100 --> 04:04:07,700
You balance your own interests 
with, what will draw a crowd 

4480
04:04:07,700 --> 04:04:12,700
comedies, generally draw larger 
crowds and tragedies people want

4481
04:04:12,700 --> 04:04:14,400
to laugh. 
They want entertainment. 

4482
04:04:15,600 --> 04:04:17,300
But tragedies have their 
audience too. 

4483
04:04:17,300 --> 04:04:22,200
The key is variety you write 
different types of plays to 

4484
04:04:22,200 --> 04:04:25,500
appear to different, moods 
historical plays, a popular 

4485
04:04:25,500 --> 04:04:28,900
English audience is want to see 
stories about their own Kings 

4486
04:04:28,900 --> 04:04:31,400
and battles. 
You give them these stories 

4487
04:04:31,400 --> 04:04:35,400
shape to emphasize the themes 
you find interesting you write 

4488
04:04:35,400 --> 04:04:39,100
quickly when needed Can be 
completed in weeks. 

4489
04:04:39,100 --> 04:04:44,200
If the company requires it. 
Other times, you take longer you

4490
04:04:44,200 --> 04:04:46,500
revise old plays for new 
productions. 

4491
04:04:46,500 --> 04:04:50,200
You adapt stories from history, 
from Italian sources and from 

4492
04:04:50,200 --> 04:04:53,800
English Legends. 
Source material is a starting 

4493
04:04:53,800 --> 04:04:56,300
point. 
Finished play is your own. 

4494
04:04:57,600 --> 04:05:00,000
Speed does not necessarily mean 
lower quality. 

4495
04:05:00,000 --> 04:05:02,700
Some of your best work comes 
quickly. 

4496
04:05:02,700 --> 04:05:07,800
The idea is a clear, the 
execution is smooth, other plays

4497
04:05:07,800 --> 04:05:10,600
labor along. 
Requiring extensive revision. 

4498
04:05:11,500 --> 04:05:14,900
Keep old drafts. 
Sometimes you return to a play, 

4499
04:05:14,900 --> 04:05:17,000
you wrote years ago and see ways
to improve it. 

4500
04:05:17,000 --> 04:05:22,100
You revise and the company 
stages, the new version, Players

4501
04:05:22,100 --> 04:05:25,300
renewed, your income comes from 
several streams. 

4502
04:05:25,300 --> 04:05:28,000
The theater company. 
Pays you for new plays. 

4503
04:05:28,000 --> 04:05:30,600
You receive a share of profits 
from performance. 

4504
04:05:30,600 --> 04:05:34,300
Is Patron's commission? 
Poems, you invest in property. 

4505
04:05:35,900 --> 04:05:37,700
The combination provides 
stability. 

4506
04:05:37,700 --> 04:05:42,200
You're not wealthy but you are 
secure the share of profits 

4507
04:05:42,200 --> 04:05:45,500
varies depending on how well the
paper forms and how many 

4508
04:05:45,500 --> 04:05:49,100
performance is a stage. 
A popular play brings in 

4509
04:05:49,100 --> 04:05:52,400
significant money. 
A play that closes after a few 

4510
04:05:52,408 --> 04:05:57,300
performance is brings in little 
Patronage is less reliable but 

4511
04:05:57,300 --> 04:05:59,700
potentially more lucrative a 
wealthy. 

4512
04:05:59,700 --> 04:06:01,800
Patron. 
Might pay handsomely for a poem,

4513
04:06:01,800 --> 04:06:05,000
but patreons are unpredictable 
their favor. 

4514
04:06:05,000 --> 04:06:08,400
Can shift you do not depend on 
patronage alone. 

4515
04:06:08,400 --> 04:06:13,400
Property investment is your 
long-term security, you buy land

4516
04:06:13,400 --> 04:06:17,200
and buildings in Stratford. 
These provide rental income, 

4517
04:06:17,200 --> 04:06:20,300
they will support your family 
after you stop working. 

4518
04:06:21,100 --> 04:06:25,800
The Investments are practical 
not speculative, writing is 

4519
04:06:25,800 --> 04:06:28,600
solitary, but it exists within a
social structure. 

4520
04:06:28,600 --> 04:06:34,400
You rely on actors stage hands. 
Musicians and managers they rely

4521
04:06:34,400 --> 04:06:37,000
on you? 
The work is interdependent. 

4522
04:06:37,000 --> 04:06:41,400
A play, is not complete until it
is performed, and it cannot be 

4523
04:06:41,400 --> 04:06:43,900
performed without all these 
parts working together. 

4524
04:06:44,700 --> 04:06:47,600
The musicians, provide 
interludes and accompaniment, 

4525
04:06:47,600 --> 04:06:51,500
they play before the performance
during scene changes. 

4526
04:06:51,500 --> 04:06:56,700
And sometimes during scenes, 
their music sets the mood, you 

4527
04:06:56,700 --> 04:06:58,500
can consult with them about what
is needed. 

4528
04:06:59,500 --> 04:07:03,400
Stage hands, manage the physical
elements, they move props. 

4529
04:07:03,400 --> 04:07:06,300
They operate. 
The trap doors, they handle the 

4530
04:07:06,300 --> 04:07:09,200
curtains. 
Their work is invisible to the 

4531
04:07:09,200 --> 04:07:11,200
audience but essential to the 
performance. 

4532
04:07:12,400 --> 04:07:14,200
The theater manager handles 
business. 

4533
04:07:14,200 --> 04:07:17,000
Matters. 
Scheduling ticket sales. 

4534
04:07:17,000 --> 04:07:21,000
Negotiations, with authorities, 
you work with him to ensure the 

4535
04:07:21,000 --> 04:07:25,000
company operates smoothly, you 
keep notebooks small 

4536
04:07:25,000 --> 04:07:28,200
observations fragments of 
dialogue and ideas. 

4537
04:07:28,200 --> 04:07:31,100
For scenes, you write things 
down. 

4538
04:07:31,100 --> 04:07:34,500
When they occur to you, later 
you return to these notes. 

4539
04:07:34,500 --> 04:07:38,100
Some become plays others remain 
notes. 

4540
04:07:38,100 --> 04:07:42,200
The process of collecting and 
refining is ongoing the 

4541
04:07:42,200 --> 04:07:44,200
notebooks are small enough to 
carry with you. 

4542
04:07:44,200 --> 04:07:47,400
You pull them out. 
When something strikes, you a 

4543
04:07:47,400 --> 04:07:50,300
phrase overheard in the market, 
an interesting face in the 

4544
04:07:50,308 --> 04:07:53,100
crowd, a situation that could 
become a scene. 

4545
04:07:53,100 --> 04:07:55,300
You do not organize the 
notebook. 

4546
04:07:55,300 --> 04:07:58,300
Systematically ideas are 
recorded as they come. 

4547
04:07:58,300 --> 04:08:01,500
When you need something, you 
page through until you find it. 

4548
04:08:01,500 --> 04:08:03,600
The disorder does not bother 
you. 

4549
04:08:03,600 --> 04:08:08,300
The notes, a few alone, the work
has its frustrations lines. 

4550
04:08:08,300 --> 04:08:11,500
You labored over full flat in 
performance actors. 

4551
04:08:11,500 --> 04:08:14,500
Forget. 
Cues audiences are distracted. 

4552
04:08:14,500 --> 04:08:18,400
Whether affects attendance, the 
roof, leaks, during rain. 

4553
04:08:18,400 --> 04:08:22,600
These are practical problems 
with practical Solutions, you 

4554
04:08:22,600 --> 04:08:25,200
adjust and continued Reign 
drives away. 

4555
04:08:25,200 --> 04:08:28,300
The Groundlings, they will not 
stand in the yard getting 

4556
04:08:28,300 --> 04:08:31,400
soaked. 
The galleries stay Fuller but 

4557
04:08:31,400 --> 04:08:34,000
the energy is different. 
You might cut the performance 

4558
04:08:34,000 --> 04:08:38,300
short or cancel entirely. 
Actors, forget lines. 

4559
04:08:38,300 --> 04:08:42,100
It happens, they improvised they
get back on track. 

4560
04:08:43,100 --> 04:08:46,200
The problem is severe. 
You add extra rehearsals you 

4561
04:08:46,200 --> 04:08:47,600
work with the actor 
individually. 

4562
04:08:47,600 --> 04:08:52,000
You also experience moments of 
satisfaction A scene lands. 

4563
04:08:52,000 --> 04:08:53,400
Exactly. 
As you hoped. 

4564
04:08:54,000 --> 04:08:56,300
An actor delivers a line with 
perfect timing. 

4565
04:08:56,300 --> 04:09:00,300
The audience is silent during a 
tense moment, then erupts in 

4566
04:09:00,300 --> 04:09:03,500
laughter or Applause. 
These moments are gratifying, 

4567
04:09:03,500 --> 04:09:06,800
but they do not change. 
The nature of the work tomorrow.

4568
04:09:06,800 --> 04:09:08,500
You will return to the table and
write. 

4569
04:09:08,500 --> 04:09:12,700
Again, the satisfaction is 
brief, you enjoy it in the 

4570
04:09:12,708 --> 04:09:15,300
moment. 
Then move on, there is always 

4571
04:09:15,300 --> 04:09:18,400
more work to do. 
The next play is already forming

4572
04:09:18,400 --> 04:09:21,400
in your mind. 
You do not think of yourself as 

4573
04:09:21,400 --> 04:09:25,100
exceptional, you're a working 
playwright in a city full of 

4574
04:09:25,100 --> 04:09:29,200
working playwrights, some are 
more successful summer less, 

4575
04:09:29,200 --> 04:09:32,000
you're somewhere in the middle 
producing work. 

4576
04:09:32,000 --> 04:09:33,800
That is reliable and 
occasionally. 

4577
04:09:33,800 --> 04:09:37,200
Excellent! 
This is enough Christopher. 

4578
04:09:37,200 --> 04:09:41,000
Marlowe was exceptional before 
his death, Ben Johnson is 

4579
04:09:41,000 --> 04:09:44,900
talented and ambitious, Thomas 
Dekker rights prolifically. 

4580
04:09:44,900 --> 04:09:48,500
You are one among several. 
The competition is healthy. 

4581
04:09:48,500 --> 04:09:53,000
It pushes you to improve the 
rhythm of writing rehearsing and

4582
04:09:53,000 --> 04:09:54,700
Performing becomes second 
nature. 

4583
04:09:55,700 --> 04:09:58,800
You know how long it takes to 
complete a draft, you know, how 

4584
04:09:58,800 --> 04:10:02,000
much time actors need to learn 
their lines, you know, when to 

4585
04:10:02,000 --> 04:10:04,700
push for changes and when to 
accept what has been done, 

4586
04:10:04,700 --> 04:10:08,800
experience teaches you these 
things, you can estimate 

4587
04:10:08,800 --> 04:10:11,600
accurately. 
Now, you know, a five-act play 

4588
04:10:11,608 --> 04:10:15,200
will take six to eight weeks to 
write if you work steadily, you 

4589
04:10:15,200 --> 04:10:17,300
know, rehearsals will take two 
to three weeks. 

4590
04:10:17,300 --> 04:10:21,200
You know, a successful play will
run for a dozen performance or 

4591
04:10:21,200 --> 04:10:23,700
more. 
You write in different moods. 

4592
04:10:23,700 --> 04:10:27,500
Sometimes the work flows easily 
other times. 

4593
04:10:27,500 --> 04:10:30,700
It is slow and difficult. 
You do not, wait for 

4594
04:10:30,700 --> 04:10:34,000
inspiration, you sit down and 
write regardless of how you 

4595
04:10:34,000 --> 04:10:36,900
feel. 
Discipline is more important 

4596
04:10:36,900 --> 04:10:40,600
than mood on difficult days. 
You produce fewer Pages. 

4597
04:10:40,600 --> 04:10:44,000
The words do not come easily. 
You force them any way. 

4598
04:10:44,900 --> 04:10:46,800
Forced work can be revised 
later. 

4599
04:10:46,800 --> 04:10:50,300
The important thing is to keep 
moving forward on. 

4600
04:10:50,300 --> 04:10:52,600
Good days, you write more than 
you expected. 

4601
04:10:52,600 --> 04:10:57,700
The ideas flow, the dialogue 
sound right on the first try you

4602
04:10:57,700 --> 04:10:59,600
ride the momentum as long as it 
lasts. 

4603
04:10:59,600 --> 04:11:02,600
Your relationship. 
With your own work is practical.

4604
04:11:02,600 --> 04:11:07,000
You do not romanticize the 
process, you do not agonize over

4605
04:11:07,000 --> 04:11:10,300
every word you do, what is 
required and move forward. 

4606
04:11:11,100 --> 04:11:14,000
This approach allows you to 
produce a large body of work 

4607
04:11:14,000 --> 04:11:16,900
over many years. 
You're proud of some plays more 

4608
04:11:16,900 --> 04:11:19,000
than others. 
Some represent your best 

4609
04:11:19,000 --> 04:11:20,600
thinking and your finest 
language. 

4610
04:11:20,600 --> 04:11:23,300
Others are competent, but not 
exceptional. 

4611
04:11:23,300 --> 04:11:27,800
You accept this range. 
Not everything can be your best 

4612
04:11:27,800 --> 04:11:29,900
work. 
At the end of the day. 

4613
04:11:29,900 --> 04:11:34,600
You set aside the papers, the 
ink, dries the words, remain on 

4614
04:11:34,600 --> 04:11:37,800
the page tomorrow, you will 
return to them. 

4615
04:11:37,800 --> 04:11:42,000
This is the pattern writing is 
not an event. 

4616
04:11:42,000 --> 04:11:48,500
It is a habit the papers Stack 
Up pages of dialogue notes and 

4617
04:11:48,500 --> 04:11:52,400
revisions the physical 
accumulation represents hours of

4618
04:11:52,400 --> 04:11:55,100
work. 
You keep the drafts organized. 

4619
04:11:55,100 --> 04:11:58,200
Well enough to find what you 
need you waste paper when 

4620
04:11:58,200 --> 04:12:01,200
necessary. 
If page is so heavily revised 

4621
04:12:01,200 --> 04:12:02,800
that it is illegible. 
You copy it. 

4622
04:12:02,800 --> 04:12:07,400
Fresh the time spent copying is 
worth the clarity, the work 

4623
04:12:07,400 --> 04:12:10,800
continues, there is always 
another play to write another. 

4624
04:12:11,200 --> 04:12:14,500
Performance to attend and 
another revision to make the 

4625
04:12:14,500 --> 04:12:18,800
cycle repeats. 
This repetition is not tedious. 

4626
04:12:18,800 --> 04:12:22,200
It is the structure of your life
you spend time with other 

4627
04:12:22,200 --> 04:12:24,900
people. 
The theater world is small and 

4628
04:12:24,900 --> 04:12:30,200
the same faces appear regularly 
actors playwrights managers and 

4629
04:12:30,200 --> 04:12:33,800
musicians, you know them by 
name, you know, their habits 

4630
04:12:33,800 --> 04:12:37,400
their skills and their 
temperaments Richard Burbage is 

4631
04:12:37,400 --> 04:12:41,300
serious about his craft he 
prepares thoroughly for roles. 

4632
04:12:41,300 --> 04:12:45,900
He thinks deeply about character
conversations with him are 

4633
04:12:45,900 --> 04:12:48,700
focused on the work you respect 
his dedication. 

4634
04:12:50,100 --> 04:12:54,700
Will Kemp is boisterous? 
He jokes constantly his energy 

4635
04:12:54,700 --> 04:12:57,900
fills a room. 
He can also be difficult his 

4636
04:12:57,900 --> 04:13:00,100
improvisation. 
Sometimes go too far. 

4637
04:13:01,200 --> 04:13:03,800
You have learned to write roles 
that channel his energy 

4638
04:13:03,800 --> 04:13:06,900
productively. 
Robert Armin who replaces 

4639
04:13:06,900 --> 04:13:10,300
campaign is more subtle. 
His humor is verbal rather than 

4640
04:13:10,300 --> 04:13:12,600
physical. 
You write different type of 

4641
04:13:12,600 --> 04:13:16,300
fools for him the shift changes 
the tone of your comedies 

4642
04:13:16,300 --> 04:13:20,600
taverns are common gathering 
places after a performance or 

4643
04:13:20,600 --> 04:13:22,800
rehearsal. 
The company goes to a nearby 

4644
04:13:22,800 --> 04:13:27,500
Tavern you sit at a long table 
with others ail is poured bread 

4645
04:13:27,500 --> 04:13:30,100
and cheese a shared 
conversations overlap. 

4646
04:13:30,100 --> 04:13:34,600
Someone tells a story someone 
else argues a point you listen 

4647
04:13:34,600 --> 04:13:37,500
more than you speak, but you can
contribute when it feels 

4648
04:13:37,500 --> 04:13:41,400
natural. 
The Tavern is warm and noisy. 

4649
04:13:42,300 --> 04:13:44,400
Smell of Ale and bodies as 
strong. 

4650
04:13:44,408 --> 04:13:48,600
The space is crowded. 
You sit shoulder to shoulder 

4651
04:13:48,600 --> 04:13:51,100
with others. 
The proximity is comfortable 

4652
04:13:51,100 --> 04:13:54,200
after years of it. 
You have your preferred seat? 

4653
04:13:55,500 --> 04:13:58,900
Near the end of the table. 
Close enough to hear but not at 

4654
04:13:58,900 --> 04:14:01,400
the center. 
This position allows you to 

4655
04:14:01,408 --> 04:14:03,500
participate or withdraw as you 
choose. 

4656
04:14:05,100 --> 04:14:08,900
The talk is often about work, 
which plays a drawing crowds, 

4657
04:14:08,900 --> 04:14:12,900
which actors are improving. 
What other companies are 

4658
04:14:12,900 --> 04:14:15,600
staging. 
The theater world is competitive

4659
04:14:15,600 --> 04:14:18,900
but not hostile. 
People share information, they 

4660
04:14:18,900 --> 04:14:20,900
offer advice. 
They complain about shared 

4661
04:14:20,900 --> 04:14:23,400
frustrations. 
You learn about other companies 

4662
04:14:23,400 --> 04:14:27,000
through these conversations. 
The Admirals men are staging a 

4663
04:14:27,000 --> 04:14:29,800
new play by Decker. 
The children of the chapel are 

4664
04:14:29,800 --> 04:14:32,400
performing at court. 
This information helps, you 

4665
04:14:32,400 --> 04:14:36,100
understand the landscape? 
It informs your own decisions. 

4666
04:14:36,100 --> 04:14:38,200
You also talk about other 
things. 

4667
04:14:39,100 --> 04:14:42,100
Politics gossip and Family 
Matters. 

4668
04:14:43,000 --> 04:14:46,300
The conversations are ordinary. 
You learn about someone sick, 

4669
04:14:46,300 --> 04:14:49,700
child someone's new lodging, and
someone's dispute with a 

4670
04:14:49,700 --> 04:14:52,400
landlord. 
These details do not affect you 

4671
04:14:52,400 --> 04:14:55,900
directly, but they are part of 
the fabric of social life. 

4672
04:14:56,800 --> 04:14:58,700
Politics are discussed 
cautiously. 

4673
04:14:58,700 --> 04:15:03,000
The authorities, monitor public 
discourse saying the wrong thing

4674
04:15:03,000 --> 04:15:05,800
can lead to trouble. 
You, listen to political talk 

4675
04:15:05,800 --> 04:15:09,900
but contribute little, you are 
aware of the risks, gossip is 

4676
04:15:09,900 --> 04:15:14,300
safer and more entertaining. 
Who is feuding with whom who is 

4677
04:15:14,300 --> 04:15:17,100
courting? 
Whom who has fallen out of favor

4678
04:15:17,100 --> 04:15:20,500
with a patron, the stories are 
repeated and embellished. 

4679
04:15:20,500 --> 04:15:23,800
You take them with skepticism 
friendships form. 

4680
04:15:23,800 --> 04:15:27,500
Slowly, you work with the same 
people for years trust. 

4681
04:15:27,500 --> 04:15:29,600
Builds through repeated 
interactions. 

4682
04:15:29,600 --> 04:15:32,900
You rely on certain actors to 
deliver difficult roles. 

4683
04:15:32,900 --> 04:15:36,000
They rely on you to write parts 
that suit them. 

4684
04:15:36,700 --> 04:15:39,900
This Mutual dependence creates a
bond that is professional and 

4685
04:15:39,900 --> 04:15:41,500
personal. 
You have friends. 

4686
04:15:41,500 --> 04:15:45,400
You do not work with often 
writers, you respect actors who 

4687
04:15:45,400 --> 04:15:49,200
have moved to other companies. 
The friendships persist, even 

4688
04:15:49,200 --> 04:15:53,100
when work does not connect you, 
you see each other in taverns on

4689
04:15:53,100 --> 04:15:55,800
the street. 
And Gatherings, you have friends

4690
04:15:55,800 --> 04:15:59,800
outside the theater people, from
Stratford Neighbors in London. 

4691
04:15:59,800 --> 04:16:02,100
Merchants you deal with 
regularly. 

4692
04:16:02,100 --> 04:16:05,700
These relationships are less 
intense, but still meaningful, 

4693
04:16:05,700 --> 04:16:09,300
you exchanged, greetings, you 
help each other with small 

4694
04:16:09,300 --> 04:16:11,800
tasks. 
You maintain a presence in each.

4695
04:16:11,800 --> 04:16:13,800
Other's lives. 
Without Constant Contact. 

4696
04:16:14,600 --> 04:16:18,700
Your family in Stratford is a 
separate world and manages the 

4697
04:16:18,700 --> 04:16:21,200
household the your daughter's 
grow older. 

4698
04:16:21,200 --> 04:16:24,200
Your son hamnet is buried in 
Stratford. 

4699
04:16:24,200 --> 04:16:28,400
This loss is part of your life, 
but you do not speak of it often

4700
04:16:28,400 --> 04:16:31,100
grief is private. 
You carry it quietly. 

4701
04:16:32,000 --> 04:16:35,600
Hamnet died in 1596. 
He was 11. 

4702
04:16:35,600 --> 04:16:40,600
The loss was sudden and painful 
you were in London when it 

4703
04:16:40,600 --> 04:16:43,600
happened by the time you 
returned to Stratford. 

4704
04:16:43,600 --> 04:16:47,300
He was already buried the grief 
did not diminish over time. 

4705
04:16:47,300 --> 04:16:51,900
It simply became part of you. 
You do not write about the Greek

4706
04:16:51,900 --> 04:16:57,300
directly, but it seeps into your
work. fathers losing Sons 

4707
04:16:57,300 --> 04:17:02,600
children dying Young the themes 
appear in plays written after 

4708
04:17:02,600 --> 04:17:05,700
his death. 
The connection is unconscious, 

4709
04:17:05,700 --> 04:17:09,100
but real. 
When you're in Stratford you 

4710
04:17:09,100 --> 04:17:12,200
participate in local life. 
You attend church. 

4711
04:17:12,200 --> 04:17:15,500
You visit neighbors handle 
business matters. 

4712
04:17:15,500 --> 04:17:20,200
People know you as a local man 
who works in London your Fame as

4713
04:17:20,200 --> 04:17:23,500
a playwright is secondary to 
your role as a property owner 

4714
04:17:23,500 --> 04:17:26,600
and family man Church attendance
is required. 

4715
04:17:27,400 --> 04:17:30,700
You go to Holy Trinity Church. 
Most Sundays, when you're in 

4716
04:17:30,700 --> 04:17:32,800
Stratford, the service is 
familiar. 

4717
04:17:33,500 --> 04:17:37,100
The same prayers, the same 
Psalms you sit with your family,

4718
04:17:37,100 --> 04:17:41,400
the ritual is comforting, you 
know, the vicar you contribute 

4719
04:17:41,400 --> 04:17:43,200
to church repairs and 
maintenance. 

4720
04:17:43,200 --> 04:17:46,700
These are expected 
responsibilities for someone of 

4721
04:17:46,700 --> 04:17:48,900
your standing. 
You fulfill them without 

4722
04:17:48,900 --> 04:17:51,700
complaint. 
In London, you are more 

4723
04:17:51,700 --> 04:17:54,400
Anonymous. 
The city is large enough that 

4724
04:17:54,400 --> 04:17:56,800
you can move through it without 
constant recognition. 

4725
04:17:57,900 --> 04:18:01,600
You are known within the theater
Community, but outside it, you 

4726
04:18:01,600 --> 04:18:04,800
are just another man on the 
street, this and unlimited is 

4727
04:18:04,800 --> 04:18:09,000
useful, it allows you to observe
without being observed, you can 

4728
04:18:09,000 --> 04:18:13,200
sit in a listen without people 
performing for you, you can walk

4729
04:18:13,200 --> 04:18:15,600
through markets and watch people
interact naturally. 

4730
04:18:15,600 --> 04:18:18,700
This freedom to observe is 
valuable it. 

4731
04:18:18,700 --> 04:18:21,700
Feeds your work, you watch 
people, you notice how they 

4732
04:18:21,700 --> 04:18:26,200
walk, how they speak and how 
they react to each other markets

4733
04:18:26,200 --> 04:18:31,500
streets, taverns churches, every
space offers examples of human 

4734
04:18:31,500 --> 04:18:34,100
behavior. 
You collect these observations. 

4735
04:18:34,100 --> 04:18:37,200
They inform your writing without
you thinking about it. 

4736
04:18:37,200 --> 04:18:41,300
Consciously, a woman haggling 
over fish, the way she gestures 

4737
04:18:41,300 --> 04:18:44,800
the tone of her voice when she 
feels cheated, the expression on

4738
04:18:44,800 --> 04:18:48,800
the fishmongers face, you file 
these details away a child 

4739
04:18:48,800 --> 04:18:53,000
crying in the street. 
The parents response, impatient 

4740
04:18:53,000 --> 04:18:57,200
comforting angry, the 
interaction reveals the 

4741
04:18:57,200 --> 04:18:58,500
relationship. 
You remember it. 

4742
04:18:59,200 --> 04:19:02,300
Two men arguing their postures, 
their volume. 

4743
04:19:02,300 --> 04:19:05,400
The moment. 
One backs down the Dynamics of 

4744
04:19:05,408 --> 04:19:10,100
power and submission you noted 
all Social Gatherings are 

4745
04:19:10,100 --> 04:19:13,300
informal, someone invites a few 
people to their lodging. 

4746
04:19:13,300 --> 04:19:17,800
You sit and talk. 
There is no formal agenda, the 

4747
04:19:17,800 --> 04:19:19,700
conversation drifts from topic 
to topic. 

4748
04:19:20,700 --> 04:19:24,300
You might discuss a recent play,
a piece of news or a shared 

4749
04:19:24,300 --> 04:19:27,200
acquaintance. 
The atmosphere is relaxed. 

4750
04:19:27,200 --> 04:19:29,300
The Gatherings happen 
spontaneously. 

4751
04:19:30,600 --> 04:19:33,500
Someone mentioned an idea in 
passing others. 

4752
04:19:33,500 --> 04:19:36,500
Express interest. 
By evening a group. 

4753
04:19:36,500 --> 04:19:41,600
As assembled, Al is shared 
stories are told laughter fills 

4754
04:19:41,600 --> 04:19:44,700
the room. 
You enjoy these moments the easy

4755
04:19:44,700 --> 04:19:48,700
companionship, the lack of 
pressure, no one is performing. 

4756
04:19:48,700 --> 04:19:52,500
No one is trying to impress, 
people are simply present with 

4757
04:19:52,500 --> 04:19:55,000
each other. 
You do not seek the company of 

4758
04:19:55,000 --> 04:19:58,000
the wealthy or powerful, your 
Patron's, a part of your 

4759
04:19:58,000 --> 04:20:00,500
professional life, but not your 
social life. 

4760
04:20:01,300 --> 04:20:04,100
You maintain a respectful 
distance, you fulfill 

4761
04:20:04,100 --> 04:20:06,400
commissions you Express 
gratitude. 

4762
04:20:06,400 --> 04:20:08,500
You do not pretend to be 
something. 

4763
04:20:08,500 --> 04:20:11,500
You are not. 
The Earl of Southampton was an 

4764
04:20:11,500 --> 04:20:13,800
early Patron. 
He commissioned your narrative 

4765
04:20:13,800 --> 04:20:17,900
poems, you dedicated Venus and 
Adonis and the rape of Lucretia 

4766
04:20:17,900 --> 04:20:20,400
to him, the relationship was 
cordial. 

4767
04:20:20,400 --> 04:20:23,800
But formal, you understand the 
difference between Patron and 

4768
04:20:23,800 --> 04:20:28,000
friend, patrons provide money, 
friends, provide companionship. 

4769
04:20:28,000 --> 04:20:31,800
The two are not the same. 
Your relationships are built on 

4770
04:20:31,800 --> 04:20:35,500
practical foundations. 
You help people, they help you. 

4771
04:20:35,500 --> 04:20:38,800
You share resources information 
and time. 

4772
04:20:38,800 --> 04:20:41,400
These exchanges are not 
calculated. 

4773
04:20:41,400 --> 04:20:46,600
They are simply how things work.
An actor needs a place to stay, 

4774
04:20:46,600 --> 04:20:50,500
you know, someone with a room, 
you make the introduction later 

4775
04:20:50,500 --> 04:20:52,400
that actor, Returns the favor in
some way. 

4776
04:20:52,408 --> 04:20:55,900
The reciprocity is natural, a 
playwright needs information 

4777
04:20:55,900 --> 04:20:59,900
about a historical event, you 
lend him your book, he lends you

4778
04:20:59,900 --> 04:21:02,600
something later the exchanges 
build Goodwill. 

4779
04:21:02,600 --> 04:21:06,300
You see the same people in the 
same place as the predictability

4780
04:21:06,300 --> 04:21:08,800
is comforting? 
You know where to find someone, 

4781
04:21:08,800 --> 04:21:11,500
if you need them, you know, who 
will be at the tavern after a 

4782
04:21:11,500 --> 04:21:14,800
performance, you know who to ask
for help with a particular task,

4783
04:21:14,800 --> 04:21:19,500
the theater Community has its 
regular spots certain taverns 

4784
04:21:19,500 --> 04:21:24,000
certain streets, certain shops 
you move through these spaces 

4785
04:21:24,000 --> 04:21:28,300
and encounter familiar faces. 
The rhythm is steady conflicts. 

4786
04:21:28,300 --> 04:21:30,900
Arise occasionally? 
Someone feels slighted. 

4787
04:21:30,900 --> 04:21:33,200
Someone disagrees with the 
decision. 

4788
04:21:34,300 --> 04:21:37,900
These disputes are resolved 
through conversation compromise 

4789
04:21:37,900 --> 04:21:43,000
or simply letting time pass. 
You do not hold grudges, neither

4790
04:21:43,000 --> 04:21:46,600
do most of the people, you know,
the community is too small for 

4791
04:21:46,600 --> 04:21:49,000
long-term and mighty an actor 
feels. 

4792
04:21:49,000 --> 04:21:50,800
He was given a role beneath his 
abilities. 

4793
04:21:50,800 --> 04:21:55,900
He complains, you explain your 
reasoning, he accepts it, or he 

4794
04:21:55,900 --> 04:21:59,200
does not. 
Either way, the work continues, 

4795
04:21:59,200 --> 04:22:02,900
the disagreement about profit. 
Sharing numbers are reviewed. 

4796
04:22:02,900 --> 04:22:06,700
The accounts are checked a 
resolution is reached the 

4797
04:22:06,700 --> 04:22:10,500
dispute is forgotten. 
You also spend time alone, 

4798
04:22:10,500 --> 04:22:13,900
between social engagements, you 
walk, or sit in your lodging, 

4799
04:22:13,900 --> 04:22:17,700
Solitude is necessary. 
It allows you to process what 

4800
04:22:17,700 --> 04:22:20,600
you've seen and heard. 
It gives you space to think. 

4801
04:22:20,600 --> 04:22:25,200
Without distraction you need 
Solitude to write conversation. 

4802
04:22:25,200 --> 04:22:28,200
Fills your mind with other 
people's words alone. 

4803
04:22:28,200 --> 04:22:32,300
You can hear your own thoughts. 
The characters can speak you 

4804
04:22:32,300 --> 04:22:36,800
need Solitude to rest social 
interaction, even Pleasant 

4805
04:22:36,800 --> 04:22:39,900
interaction requires energy. 
Alone. 

4806
04:22:39,900 --> 04:22:44,400
You can simply be your social 
life is neither vibrant. 

4807
04:22:44,400 --> 04:22:47,700
Nor dull. 
It is consistent, you see, 

4808
04:22:47,708 --> 04:22:51,500
people regularly, you may 
maintain connections, you can 

4809
04:22:51,500 --> 04:22:55,000
contribute to Shared activities,
you receive support when needed 

4810
04:22:55,000 --> 04:22:58,300
this network of relationships is
part of the structure that 

4811
04:22:58,308 --> 04:22:59,900
supports your work and your 
life. 

4812
04:22:59,900 --> 04:23:03,900
The network is invisible, most 
of the time, you take it for 

4813
04:23:03,900 --> 04:23:08,300
granted, but when you need help 
it, is there someone knows 

4814
04:23:08,300 --> 04:23:11,700
someone who can solve a problem.
Information is passed along 

4815
04:23:11,700 --> 04:23:15,300
favors are exchanged. 
At the end of the evening, you 

4816
04:23:15,300 --> 04:23:18,200
part ways with friends and 
colleagues, you walk back to 

4817
04:23:18,200 --> 04:23:21,800
your lodging, the streets are 
quieter at night, you move 

4818
04:23:21,800 --> 04:23:23,900
through them. 
Without hurry tomorrow. 

4819
04:23:23,900 --> 04:23:25,700
You will see many of the same 
people. 

4820
04:23:25,700 --> 04:23:28,300
Again, the continuity is 
reassuring. 

4821
04:23:28,300 --> 04:23:30,600
The familiar faces are 
comforting. 

4822
04:23:30,600 --> 04:23:32,700
You do not have to explain 
yourself. 

4823
04:23:32,700 --> 04:23:35,200
You do not have to establish 
your identity. 

4824
04:23:35,200 --> 04:23:38,400
You are known. 
You are part of the community. 

4825
04:23:39,800 --> 04:23:43,700
This belonging is simple and 
deep rest is woven into your 

4826
04:23:43,700 --> 04:23:46,100
days. 
It is not separate from work. 

4827
04:23:46,100 --> 04:23:50,500
It is part of the pattern. 
You take breaks during writing 

4828
04:23:50,500 --> 04:23:52,500
after an hour or two at the 
table. 

4829
04:23:52,500 --> 04:23:57,000
You stand and stretch. 
You walk to the window, you look

4830
04:23:57,000 --> 04:24:00,800
out at the street or the river, 
the movement helps it clears 

4831
04:24:00,800 --> 04:24:03,400
your mind. 
When you sit back down the 

4832
04:24:03,400 --> 04:24:05,900
words, come a little easier. 
Your body grows. 

4833
04:24:05,900 --> 04:24:08,200
Stiff from sitting your back 
aches. 

4834
04:24:08,200 --> 04:24:12,200
Your shoulders, tighten. 
standing and moving releases, 

4835
04:24:12,200 --> 04:24:16,700
the tension you roll your neck, 
you flex your fingers, the 

4836
04:24:16,700 --> 04:24:19,800
relief is immediate, The view 
from your window changes, 

4837
04:24:19,800 --> 04:24:23,200
depending on where your logic. 
Sometimes you see the river, 

4838
04:24:23,200 --> 04:24:25,700
sometimes you see a narrow 
Street. 

4839
04:24:25,700 --> 04:24:30,100
Sometimes you see a courtyard, 
The View does not matter much. 

4840
04:24:30,100 --> 04:24:34,200
Looking at something distant 
rest, your eyes, afternoons, 

4841
04:24:34,200 --> 04:24:37,700
often include pauses if there is
no performance scheduled, you 

4842
04:24:37,700 --> 04:24:39,100
might sit in the theater 
Courtyard. 

4843
04:24:40,000 --> 04:24:43,700
Other company members do the 
same, you talk quietly or simply

4844
04:24:43,700 --> 04:24:47,600
sit in silence. 
The sun is warm, the breeze is 

4845
04:24:47,600 --> 04:24:49,300
cool, these moments are 
unhurried. 

4846
04:24:49,300 --> 04:24:53,100
The courtyard is paved with 
stone benches lined. 

4847
04:24:53,100 --> 04:24:57,000
The walls in summer. 
The space is Pleasant in Winter.

4848
04:24:57,000 --> 04:25:01,300
It is too cold for lingering, 
the seasonal Rhythm affect, how 

4849
04:25:01,300 --> 04:25:04,600
you rest you watch clouds, move 
across the sky. 

4850
04:25:04,600 --> 04:25:08,100
You notice the angle of the sun?
You feel the warmth on your 

4851
04:25:08,100 --> 04:25:10,700
face? 
The sensations are simple and 

4852
04:25:10,700 --> 04:25:13,700
restorative. 
Travel between Stratford and 

4853
04:25:13,700 --> 04:25:16,900
London includes rest, the 
journey takes time. 

4854
04:25:16,900 --> 04:25:20,300
You stop at Inns along the way 
you eat a meal. 

4855
04:25:20,300 --> 04:25:24,600
You sleep in an unfamiliar bed. 
The next morning you can 

4856
04:25:24,600 --> 04:25:27,400
continue. 
The rhythm of travel has its 

4857
04:25:27,400 --> 04:25:30,500
owner. 
The forced rest of travel is 

4858
04:25:30,500 --> 04:25:34,200
different from chosen, rest. 
It cannot work while traveling. 

4859
04:25:35,000 --> 04:25:38,400
You cannot write effectively on 
Horseback or in a jolting coach,

4860
04:25:38,400 --> 04:25:41,100
you must simply be present in 
the journey. 

4861
04:25:41,100 --> 04:25:46,300
You watch the landscape, you 
think you sometimes drowse in 

4862
04:25:46,300 --> 04:25:48,600
the saddle? 
The horse knows the road, even 

4863
04:25:48,600 --> 04:25:53,500
when your attention wanders, In 
Stratford rest looks different. 

4864
04:25:54,900 --> 04:25:59,200
The town is quieter than London.
There are fewer demands on your 

4865
04:25:59,200 --> 04:26:02,500
time. 
You walk through Fields, you sit

4866
04:26:02,500 --> 04:26:06,100
in your garden, you spend time 
with family without the pressure

4867
04:26:06,100 --> 04:26:08,700
of performance, schedules or 
writing deadlines. 

4868
04:26:09,400 --> 04:26:13,300
The garden behind your house is 
modest, vegetables herbs. 

4869
04:26:13,300 --> 04:26:17,000
And a few flowers, you sit on a 
bench and watch things grow. 

4870
04:26:17,700 --> 04:26:20,500
The pace of plant growth is 
slower than any human activity 

4871
04:26:20,500 --> 04:26:24,000
watching. 
It is calming, you pull a few 

4872
04:26:24,008 --> 04:26:27,900
weeds, you inspect the 
vegetables, these small tasks 

4873
04:26:27,900 --> 04:26:30,100
are restful, because they are 
simple and tangible. 

4874
04:26:30,100 --> 04:26:32,500
The results are immediate and 
visible. 

4875
04:26:32,500 --> 04:26:36,900
You do not think of rest as 
indulgences, it is necessary. 

4876
04:26:37,700 --> 04:26:41,800
Your mind needs time to recover 
from the focus of writing your 

4877
04:26:41,800 --> 04:26:43,600
body. 
Needs time to recover from the 

4878
04:26:43,600 --> 04:26:45,900
physical demands of travel and 
City, Life. 

4879
04:26:45,900 --> 04:26:50,500
Rest is practical without rest, 
your thinking becomes muddy 

4880
04:26:50,500 --> 04:26:56,500
words, do not come ideas, feel 
forced, rest clears, the fog it 

4881
04:26:56,500 --> 04:27:00,300
restores clarity. 
Without rest your body protests 

4882
04:27:00,300 --> 04:27:04,900
headaches, stiff joints. 
Exhaustion that sleep alone. 

4883
04:27:04,900 --> 04:27:09,500
Cannot fix rest prevents these 
problems you nap occasionally. 

4884
04:27:10,200 --> 04:27:12,800
In the middle of the afternoon. 
You lie down and close your 

4885
04:27:12,800 --> 04:27:15,800
eyes. 
The nap is short not deep. 

4886
04:27:16,600 --> 04:27:19,500
When you wake, you feel 
refreshed enough to continue the

4887
04:27:19,500 --> 04:27:21,200
day's work. 
You do not undress for these 

4888
04:27:21,200 --> 04:27:24,100
naps. 
You simply lie on the bed or on 

4889
04:27:24,100 --> 04:27:28,300
a bench, you close your eyes, 
you drift for a quarter hour or 

4890
04:27:28,300 --> 04:27:30,900
half an hour. 
The rest is light, but 

4891
04:27:30,900 --> 04:27:33,800
effective. 
The room is quiet during these 

4892
04:27:33,800 --> 04:27:36,100
naps. 
The city sounds Fade to the 

4893
04:27:36,108 --> 04:27:39,100
background. 
You're breathing slows, your 

4894
04:27:39,100 --> 04:27:43,400
thoughts, scatter, and dissolve 
waiting is also a form of rest. 

4895
04:27:43,400 --> 04:27:46,000
You wait, for actors to arrive 
at rehearsal. 

4896
04:27:46,000 --> 04:27:49,600
You wait for performance is to 
begin you wait for the weather 

4897
04:27:49,600 --> 04:27:52,700
to clear before. 
Traveling, during these times, 

4898
04:27:52,700 --> 04:27:55,600
you are still, you let your 
thoughts wander. 

4899
04:27:55,600 --> 04:27:59,300
You notice details around you 
waiting, you used to frustrate 

4900
04:27:59,300 --> 04:28:02,200
you. 
Now, you accepted the time will 

4901
04:28:02,200 --> 04:28:03,700
pass. 
Whether you're impatient or not.

4902
04:28:04,900 --> 04:28:08,800
Calm You observe while waiting 
the way light falls on a wall. 

4903
04:28:08,808 --> 04:28:10,700
The sound of someone's 
footsteps. 

4904
04:28:10,700 --> 04:28:12,900
The smell of bread baking 
nearby. 

4905
04:28:13,900 --> 04:28:17,400
Waiting becomes observation 
evening's, bring a natural 

4906
04:28:17,400 --> 04:28:20,600
slowing. 
The light Fades work becomes 

4907
04:28:20,600 --> 04:28:23,400
harder. 
You accept this and shift your 

4908
04:28:23,400 --> 04:28:27,500
focus, you might read of, right?
You might sit with others. 

4909
04:28:27,500 --> 04:28:30,300
Instead of sitting alone, the 
transition is gentle. 

4910
04:28:30,300 --> 04:28:32,700
The transition happens without 
decision. 

4911
04:28:32,700 --> 04:28:37,400
Your body knows when the working
day is ending, your mind begins 

4912
04:28:37,400 --> 04:28:40,000
to release its focus. 
You do not fight this. 

4913
04:28:40,000 --> 04:28:44,600
You allow the shift You rest 
your eyes by looking at distant 

4914
04:28:44,600 --> 04:28:46,900
things. 
After hours of reading or 

4915
04:28:46,900 --> 04:28:48,200
writing, you look out the 
window. 

4916
04:28:48,200 --> 04:28:50,300
You watch people move on the 
street. 

4917
04:28:50,300 --> 04:28:56,300
You watch clouds, or Birds, 
Shift in focus is soothing close

4918
04:28:56,300 --> 04:29:01,100
work strains, the eyes, the 
small letters, blur your eyes 

4919
04:29:01,100 --> 04:29:03,800
water. 
Looking at distant objects, 

4920
04:29:03,800 --> 04:29:08,800
relaxes the muscles, the blur 
clears, physical rest matters, 

4921
04:29:08,800 --> 04:29:13,200
you walk regularly, which keeps 
your body active, but you also 

4922
04:29:13,200 --> 04:29:16,800
know when to sit or lie down, 
you do not push yourself to 

4923
04:29:16,800 --> 04:29:19,500
exhaustion. 
You recognize the signs of 

4924
04:29:19,508 --> 04:29:24,100
fatigue and respond to them. 
Exhaustion makes you stupid your

4925
04:29:24,100 --> 04:29:27,400
judgment fails. 
Your patience thins. 

4926
04:29:27,400 --> 04:29:31,700
Rest prevents this 
deterioration, you protect your 

4927
04:29:31,700 --> 04:29:34,000
capacity to think by protecting 
your energy. 

4928
04:29:34,000 --> 04:29:38,300
Rest is not always silent. 
Sometimes you rest by talking 

4929
04:29:38,300 --> 04:29:40,600
with others, the conversation is
light. 

4930
04:29:40,600 --> 04:29:43,100
No one is performing or making 
arguments. 

4931
04:29:43,100 --> 04:29:47,300
You simply exchanged words, the 
social connection itself is 

4932
04:29:47,300 --> 04:29:51,600
restful, talk about nothing. 
Important, the weather a meal, 

4933
04:29:51,608 --> 04:29:54,100
someone enjoyed a minor 
inconvenience. 

4934
04:29:54,100 --> 04:29:57,800
The topic do not matter. 
The companionship is the point 

4935
04:29:57,800 --> 04:30:02,200
laughter, is restful a good 
joke, a funny story. 

4936
04:30:03,300 --> 04:30:06,900
The release of laughter eases 
tension, you feel lighter, 

4937
04:30:06,900 --> 04:30:10,900
afterward, you rest in familiar 
places, your lodging, in London,

4938
04:30:10,900 --> 04:30:13,500
your home in Stratford the 
theater. 

4939
04:30:13,500 --> 04:30:16,000
When it is empty, these spaces 
are known. 

4940
04:30:16,000 --> 04:30:19,900
You do not have to navigate, or 
adjust, you can simply be 

4941
04:30:21,100 --> 04:30:24,200
Familiar spaces, require no. 
Thought, you know where 

4942
04:30:24,200 --> 04:30:26,500
everything is? 
You do not have to orient 

4943
04:30:26,500 --> 04:30:28,708
yourself. 
The mental ease is part of the 

4944
04:30:28,716 --> 04:30:33,200
rest, you have favorite spots. 
A particular chair, a certain 

4945
04:30:33,200 --> 04:30:35,700
bench in the garden, a corner of
the theater. 

4946
04:30:37,100 --> 04:30:39,200
This places, hold associations 
with rest. 

4947
04:30:40,000 --> 04:30:41,500
Sitting in them triggers, 
relaxation. 

4948
04:30:41,500 --> 04:30:46,100
Sleep is the deepest rest but it
is preceded by smaller forms of 

4949
04:30:46,108 --> 04:30:49,800
rest throughout the day. 
These pauses accumulate, they 

4950
04:30:49,800 --> 04:30:52,600
prevent the kind of exhaustion 
that makes work impossible. 

4951
04:30:52,600 --> 04:30:56,600
They sustain you over long 
periods, the small rests are 

4952
04:30:56,600 --> 04:30:58,700
invisible. 
You do not think of them as 

4953
04:30:58,700 --> 04:31:00,700
rest. 
But they add up. 

4954
04:31:00,700 --> 04:31:03,400
They maintain your capacity to 
work. 

4955
04:31:03,400 --> 04:31:07,800
You do not schedule, rest 
rigidly it happens naturally. 

4956
04:31:08,700 --> 04:31:12,600
When you are tired, you stop. 
When you are refreshed, you 

4957
04:31:12,600 --> 04:31:15,200
continue the rhythm is 
intuitive. 

4958
04:31:15,200 --> 04:31:19,800
Your body tells you when to rest
heaviness in the limbs 

4959
04:31:19,800 --> 04:31:24,100
difficulty, concentrating. 
These signals are reliable. 

4960
04:31:24,100 --> 04:31:29,000
You listen to them. 
Sometimes rest is interrupted an

4961
04:31:29,000 --> 04:31:31,300
urgent matter. 
Arises a performance is 

4962
04:31:31,300 --> 04:31:35,900
scheduled on expectedly. 
You adjust you rest when you can

4963
04:31:35,900 --> 04:31:40,100
not always when you prefer. 
Interruptions are part of life, 

4964
04:31:40,100 --> 04:31:44,100
you do not resent them, you 
handle what needs handling then 

4965
04:31:44,100 --> 04:31:48,800
return to rest when possible? 
The quality of rest, varies some

4966
04:31:48,800 --> 04:31:52,600
days, a short break is enough, 
other days you need more, you 

4967
04:31:52,600 --> 04:31:55,700
listen to your body and mind you
respond accordingly. 

4968
04:31:55,700 --> 04:32:00,700
Deep fatigue requires deep rest,
a full night's sleep a day 

4969
04:32:00,700 --> 04:32:03,400
without work. 
You recognize when you need this

4970
04:32:03,400 --> 04:32:06,900
and try to provide it like for 
Teague requires less. 

4971
04:32:06,900 --> 04:32:10,600
A brief, pause a walk, a change 
of activity. 

4972
04:32:10,600 --> 04:32:13,500
You calibrate your response to 
your need. 

4973
04:32:14,300 --> 04:32:18,500
Rest is not dramatic, it is not 
an escape or a reward. 

4974
04:32:18,500 --> 04:32:21,200
It is simply part of living, you
work. 

4975
04:32:21,200 --> 04:32:25,100
You rest and you work again. 
The cycle is steady. 

4976
04:32:25,100 --> 04:32:28,600
The steadiness is reliable. 
You trust the Rhythm. 

4977
04:32:28,600 --> 04:32:32,900
You know, rest will come this. 
Trust allows you to work fully 

4978
04:32:32,900 --> 04:32:36,000
because you know, restoration is
built into the pattern. 

4979
04:32:36,900 --> 04:32:39,800
At the end of the day. 
Rest prepares you for sleep. 

4980
04:32:39,800 --> 04:32:43,700
You slow down. 
Gradually, you complete final 

4981
04:32:43,700 --> 04:32:46,100
tasks. 
You settle your thoughts. 

4982
04:32:46,100 --> 04:32:49,000
By the time you lie down. 
Your body is ready. 

4983
04:32:49,900 --> 04:32:52,000
The evening wind down is 
deliberate. 

4984
04:32:52,000 --> 04:32:55,900
You do not work until the moment
you collapse into bed, you 

4985
04:32:55,900 --> 04:32:58,200
create space between work and 
sleep. 

4986
04:32:59,000 --> 04:33:02,300
This space eases the transition 
you eat. 

4987
04:33:02,300 --> 04:33:06,800
Simple food bread is a constant.
It is fresh in the morning and 

4988
04:33:06,800 --> 04:33:09,400
harder by evening. 
You eat it with butter or 

4989
04:33:09,400 --> 04:33:12,099
cheese. 
Sometimes you dip it in ale or 

4990
04:33:12,099 --> 04:33:15,000
broth. 
Bread is the foundation of every

4991
04:33:15,000 --> 04:33:17,900
meal. 
When bread is scarce hunger, 

4992
04:33:17,900 --> 04:33:22,400
fills, more urgent when bread is
abundant even a plain meal, 

4993
04:33:22,400 --> 04:33:25,300
feels adequate the bread varies 
and quality. 

4994
04:33:25,300 --> 04:33:29,400
Sometimes it is light and well 
risen, sometimes it is dense and

4995
04:33:29,400 --> 04:33:34,000
coarse the grain used affects 
the taste and texture wheat. 

4996
04:33:34,000 --> 04:33:37,000
Bread is preferable, but Riley 
is more common. 

4997
04:33:37,000 --> 04:33:41,000
You develop preferences bread 
from a particular Baker. 

4998
04:33:41,000 --> 04:33:45,000
The right degree of doneness. 
You notice these things without 

4999
04:33:45,000 --> 04:33:49,800
being particular about them 
meals in London or often at you 

5000
04:33:49,800 --> 04:33:51,000
order. 
What is available? 

5001
04:33:51,000 --> 04:33:54,300
Meet pies. 
Roasted foul and vegetables. 

5002
04:33:54,300 --> 04:33:58,700
Boiled or baked. 
Food is hot and filling you eat 

5003
04:33:58,700 --> 04:34:01,200
without ceremony. 
The plate is emptied. 

5004
04:34:01,200 --> 04:34:04,200
You return to work? 
Tavern. 

5005
04:34:04,200 --> 04:34:06,000
Food is reliable in its 
mediocrity. 

5006
04:34:06,000 --> 04:34:08,099
It is rarely! 
Excellent! 

5007
04:34:08,099 --> 04:34:12,000
It is rarely terrible. 
It serves its purpose which is 

5008
04:34:12,008 --> 04:34:16,900
to fuel your body for more work.
Meat pies are convenient, the 

5009
04:34:16,900 --> 04:34:21,300
crust, holds the filling you can
eat while walking if needed the 

5010
04:34:21,300 --> 04:34:23,900
filling is usually mutton or 
pork with some gravy. 

5011
04:34:24,500 --> 04:34:26,900
Roasted foul is chicken or 
Capon. 

5012
04:34:26,900 --> 04:34:30,300
Sometimes duck. 
The meat is cooked until tender.

5013
04:34:31,200 --> 04:34:34,099
Skin is crisp. 
You eat it with your fingers 

5014
04:34:34,099 --> 04:34:38,500
tearing pieces from the carcass 
in Stratford meals are prepared 

5015
04:34:38,500 --> 04:34:41,900
at home and the household staff 
cook over the fire. 

5016
04:34:41,900 --> 04:34:45,500
You eat at the table with 
family, the food is familiar 

5017
04:34:45,500 --> 04:34:48,700
mutton, pork root, vegetables 
and bread. 

5018
04:34:49,500 --> 04:34:53,200
Meals served at regular times, 
you know what to expect? 

5019
04:34:54,200 --> 04:34:56,800
The predictability of home 
cooked meals as comforting. 

5020
04:34:57,500 --> 04:35:00,400
You know, the Kooks habits, you 
know, what will be served on 

5021
04:35:00,400 --> 04:35:03,700
particular days? 
The food is simple but carefully

5022
04:35:03,700 --> 04:35:06,200
prepared. 
And manages the household 

5023
04:35:06,200 --> 04:35:09,300
accounts and ensures nothing is 
wasted. 

5024
04:35:10,099 --> 04:35:12,599
Meals are planned around what is
available and affordable. 

5025
04:35:12,599 --> 04:35:16,400
You eat together when possible. 
The family gathers at the table 

5026
04:35:16,400 --> 04:35:20,800
you say grace. 
Food is passed conversation 

5027
04:35:20,800 --> 04:35:23,300
happens naturally. 
The meal is a point of 

5028
04:35:23,308 --> 04:35:27,300
connection ale is the common 
drink, water is less reliable. 

5029
04:35:27,300 --> 04:35:30,500
You drink ale with meals and 
between meals. 

5030
04:35:30,500 --> 04:35:34,500
It is mild not strong, it 
quenches thirst without 

5031
04:35:34,500 --> 04:35:37,700
affecting your ability to work, 
ale is brutal. 

5032
04:35:37,700 --> 04:35:41,500
Locally the quality varies by 
Brewer, you know which Ale House

5033
04:35:41,508 --> 04:35:44,400
is serve better ale you prefer 
them when you have a choice. 

5034
04:35:44,400 --> 04:35:47,099
The AIL is slightly sweet and 
slightly bitter. 

5035
04:35:47,099 --> 04:35:50,099
It has substance. 
It is more nourishing than 

5036
04:35:50,099 --> 04:35:52,900
water. 
You drink from wooden or pewter 

5037
04:35:52,900 --> 04:35:54,900
cups. 
The cups are refilled as needed,

5038
04:35:54,900 --> 04:35:57,200
drinking is continuous 
throughout the day. 

5039
04:35:57,200 --> 04:36:01,099
Why is occasional when you have 
extra money, or when a patron 

5040
04:36:01,099 --> 04:36:02,599
offers it? 
You drink wine. 

5041
04:36:02,599 --> 04:36:06,800
It is richer than ale, you drink
it slowly, it accompanies 

5042
04:36:06,800 --> 04:36:08,900
special occasions. 
Not daily routines. 

5043
04:36:08,900 --> 04:36:13,800
Why is imported and expensive? 
Red wine from France, or Spain, 

5044
04:36:13,800 --> 04:36:17,599
white wine from the Rhine. 
The Taste is complex and 

5045
04:36:17,599 --> 04:36:20,900
unfamiliar to your Everyday 
palette, you appreciate wine 

5046
04:36:20,900 --> 04:36:24,500
when it is, offered you save it 
but you do not crave it. 

5047
04:36:25,300 --> 04:36:29,099
Ail suits, you fine, you eat 
fruit when it is in season, 

5048
04:36:29,099 --> 04:36:34,300
Apple's Pairs and berries. 
Fruit is fresh for a brief time,

5049
04:36:34,300 --> 04:36:38,700
then gone you enjoy it while it 
lasts in Winter. 

5050
04:36:38,700 --> 04:36:41,700
You eat dried fruit or none at 
all. 

5051
04:36:42,400 --> 04:36:46,099
Fresh fruit is a summer pleasure
berries picked from hedgerows 

5052
04:36:46,099 --> 04:36:50,300
apples from the orchard. 
The sweetness and juicer. 

5053
04:36:50,300 --> 04:36:53,700
Welcome after the heavier foods 
of winter, dried fruit keeps 

5054
04:36:53,700 --> 04:36:58,300
through winter, apples, and 
pears, sliced thin and dried 

5055
04:36:58,300 --> 04:37:01,500
raisins, and currants. 
They are sweet. 

5056
04:37:01,500 --> 04:37:04,599
And chewy. 
Cheese and eggs are reliable. 

5057
04:37:04,599 --> 04:37:07,900
You eat them off. 
Often cheese is packed for 

5058
04:37:07,900 --> 04:37:09,800
travel. 
Eggs are cooked in. 

5059
04:37:09,800 --> 04:37:12,900
Various ways both provide 
nourishment without much 

5060
04:37:12,900 --> 04:37:18,099
preparation, cheeses, hard and 
keeps well You cut slices from 

5061
04:37:18,099 --> 04:37:22,200
the wheel, you eat it with 
bread, the flavor is sharp and 

5062
04:37:22,200 --> 04:37:25,400
salty, eggs are boiled fried or 
scrambled. 

5063
04:37:25,400 --> 04:37:27,800
They are filling and quick to 
prepare. 

5064
04:37:28,700 --> 04:37:31,800
You eat them for breakfast. 
Often meals with colleagues or 

5065
04:37:31,800 --> 04:37:35,300
social, you sit together at a 
long table, food is passed 

5066
04:37:35,300 --> 04:37:39,700
around people serve themselves. 
The conversation continues while

5067
04:37:39,700 --> 04:37:42,599
you eat. 
The meal is not the focus but it

5068
04:37:42,599 --> 04:37:45,300
creates a shared space. 
Eating together. 

5069
04:37:45,300 --> 04:37:48,400
Builds camaraderie. 
The act of sharing food is 

5070
04:37:48,400 --> 04:37:52,300
bonding, you talk and eat 
simultaneously. 

5071
04:37:52,300 --> 04:37:57,000
The informality is Pleasant, you
learn about people over meals, 

5072
04:37:57,000 --> 04:38:01,300
their appetites Their Manners, 
their preferences these details.

5073
04:38:01,300 --> 04:38:04,800
Add to your understanding of 
them, you do not overeat 

5074
04:38:04,800 --> 04:38:08,300
portions are moderate, you eat 
enough to feel satisfied. 

5075
04:38:08,300 --> 04:38:13,300
Not stuffed excess is rare and 
unpleasant overeating makes you 

5076
04:38:13,300 --> 04:38:16,800
sluggish. 
Your mind dulls, your body feels

5077
04:38:16,800 --> 04:38:20,800
heavy, you avoid this. 
When possible you eat until the 

5078
04:38:20,800 --> 04:38:22,700
hunger is gone, then. 
Stop. 

5079
04:38:23,200 --> 04:38:26,700
The discipline is automatic. 
You do not need to think about 

5080
04:38:26,700 --> 04:38:29,800
it. 
In the road between Stratford 

5081
04:38:29,800 --> 04:38:33,300
and London, offer predictable 
meals, you order the stew or the

5082
04:38:33,308 --> 04:38:35,800
roast. 
You drink ale, you eat bread, 

5083
04:38:35,800 --> 04:38:39,000
the quality varies, the format 
does not. 

5084
04:38:39,000 --> 04:38:43,800
You know what you are getting in
food, is utilitarian it fills 

5085
04:38:43,800 --> 04:38:46,900
the stomach, it provides energy 
for the next day's travel. 

5086
04:38:46,900 --> 04:38:50,700
You do not expect pleasure from 
it, some ins are better than 

5087
04:38:50,700 --> 04:38:53,700
others. 
You remember which ones you plan

5088
04:38:53,700 --> 04:38:56,900
your stops accordingly when 
possible Comfort comes from 

5089
04:38:56,900 --> 04:39:01,200
warmth and routine. 
A hot meal on a cold day, A 

5090
04:39:01,200 --> 04:39:04,300
Familiar dish after a long 
journey, the taste of bread 

5091
04:39:04,300 --> 04:39:07,000
baked the same way your family 
as always baked it. 

5092
04:39:07,700 --> 04:39:12,200
The small consistencies matter 
hot food on a cold day warms you

5093
04:39:12,207 --> 04:39:15,500
from the inside the heat spreads
through your body you feel 

5094
04:39:15,500 --> 04:39:18,500
restored. 
Familiar food connects you to 

5095
04:39:18,500 --> 04:39:22,900
home to Childhood to continuity.
The Taste is memory made 

5096
04:39:22,900 --> 04:39:25,000
tangible. 
You do not spend much time 

5097
04:39:25,000 --> 04:39:27,300
thinking about food. 
It is fuel. 

5098
04:39:27,300 --> 04:39:31,099
It is Comfort. 
It is part of the day you eat 

5099
04:39:31,099 --> 04:39:33,500
when you are hungry you stop 
when you are full. 

5100
04:39:34,400 --> 04:39:37,400
Food serves a function. 
It does not need to be more than

5101
04:39:37,400 --> 04:39:40,900
adequate when it is better than 
adequate you notice and 

5102
04:39:40,900 --> 04:39:43,400
appreciate it. 
But you do not require it 

5103
04:39:43,400 --> 04:39:47,500
special occasions bring 
different food a feast at a 

5104
04:39:47,500 --> 04:39:50,300
Patron's house a celebration 
with the theater company. 

5105
04:39:51,300 --> 04:39:54,800
Food is richer and more varied 
you enjoy it, but you do not 

5106
04:39:54,800 --> 04:39:58,200
crave it regularly. 
Feasts include dishes you never 

5107
04:39:58,200 --> 04:40:01,400
eat. 
Otherwise elaborate roasts Rich 

5108
04:40:01,400 --> 04:40:06,000
sources imported Delicacies. 
The Abundant is impressive and 

5109
04:40:06,000 --> 04:40:09,900
slightly overwhelming. 
You eat more feasts than usual. 

5110
04:40:09,900 --> 04:40:14,500
The social expectation is to 
partake generously you do so 

5111
04:40:14,500 --> 04:40:16,000
though. 
It makes you uncomfortable 

5112
04:40:16,000 --> 04:40:19,200
afterward. 
You appreciate good cooking when

5113
04:40:19,200 --> 04:40:22,300
a meal is well prepared. 
You notice you might comment on 

5114
04:40:22,300 --> 04:40:24,300
it. 
You might ask how something was 

5115
04:40:24,300 --> 04:40:29,200
made but you do not require 
Excellence adequacy is enough a 

5116
04:40:29,200 --> 04:40:32,000
well-cooked meal is a pleasure. 
The flavors are balanced. 

5117
04:40:32,000 --> 04:40:35,800
The textures are right you 
notice the care that went into 

5118
04:40:35,800 --> 04:40:38,500
it. 
But most meals are not well 

5119
04:40:38,500 --> 04:40:40,500
cooked. 
They are adequately cooked. 

5120
04:40:40,500 --> 04:40:43,900
This is acceptable. 
You do not complain. 

5121
04:40:43,900 --> 04:40:48,200
Hunger is not constant. 
You eat regularly enough to 

5122
04:40:48,200 --> 04:40:51,600
avoid it but when hunger does 
come, it is simple. 

5123
04:40:51,600 --> 04:40:55,600
You find food you eat. 
The problem is solved. 

5124
04:40:55,600 --> 04:40:59,600
True hunger is rare. 
Your income is sufficient to 

5125
04:40:59,600 --> 04:41:02,500
keep you fed the hunger. 
You feel is usually just the 

5126
04:41:02,500 --> 04:41:05,000
body signal, that it is time to 
eat again. 

5127
04:41:06,400 --> 04:41:10,800
When you do feel hunger, it 
sharpens your focus on food, the

5128
04:41:10,800 --> 04:41:14,900
simplest meal tastes better. 
Your body's need makes the food 

5129
04:41:14,900 --> 04:41:17,400
more. 
Satisfying, some foods remind 

5130
04:41:17,400 --> 04:41:21,900
you of childhood certain breads,
certain stews, you eat them and 

5131
04:41:21,900 --> 04:41:25,400
remember other times. 
The memories are not sharp. 

5132
04:41:25,400 --> 04:41:29,600
They are soft and vague like the
Comfort, the food provides. 

5133
04:41:30,500 --> 04:41:33,900
The bread, your mother baked 
baked the stew from feast days. 

5134
04:41:34,600 --> 04:41:38,500
These taste carry association's,
they are Pleasant in a way that 

5135
04:41:38,500 --> 04:41:40,400
has nothing to do with the food 
itself. 

5136
04:41:40,400 --> 04:41:45,600
You eat alone, sometimes in your
logging with a plate and a cup. 

5137
04:41:46,200 --> 04:41:49,800
You choose slowly, you think 
about the day or about nothing. 

5138
04:41:49,800 --> 04:41:54,800
The Solitude is peaceful, eating
alone requires no performance, 

5139
04:41:54,800 --> 04:41:59,600
no conversation, no manners 
Beyond basic cleanliness, you 

5140
04:41:59,600 --> 04:42:03,900
can simply eat. 
The quiet is meditative chewing 

5141
04:42:03,900 --> 04:42:07,300
tasting swallowing. 
The actions are simple and 

5142
04:42:07,300 --> 04:42:11,300
grounding you eat with family 
and Stratford, the table is full

5143
04:42:11,300 --> 04:42:15,400
conversations happen around. 
You, you participate, or you. 

5144
04:42:15,400 --> 04:42:19,800
Listen the meal anchors the day 
it gathers, everyone in one 

5145
04:42:19,800 --> 04:42:24,600
place, family meals have their 
own Rhythm and serves the 

5146
04:42:24,600 --> 04:42:27,500
children talk you. 
Listen and occasionally 

5147
04:42:27,500 --> 04:42:32,200
contribute The structure is 
familiar and comforting meals, 

5148
04:42:32,200 --> 04:42:35,000
Mark Time Breakfast dinner 
supper. 

5149
04:42:35,000 --> 04:42:38,000
The day is punctuated by these 
gatherings. 

5150
04:42:38,000 --> 04:42:42,300
You do not waste food, what is 
left is saved. 

5151
04:42:42,300 --> 04:42:44,700
Bread becomes crumbs for 
thickening. 

5152
04:42:44,700 --> 04:42:47,200
Soup, bones are boiled for 
broth. 

5153
04:42:47,200 --> 04:42:51,500
Nothing is thrown away lightly 
food costs, money and effort 

5154
04:42:51,500 --> 04:42:55,300
wasting it is careless. 
You erased of value. 

5155
04:42:55,300 --> 04:42:58,300
What you have leftovers are used
creatively. 

5156
04:42:58,300 --> 04:43:02,700
Yesterday's, roast becomes 
today's pie, stale bread becomes

5157
04:43:02,700 --> 04:43:07,000
pudding, drink provides its own 
Comfort a cup of veil at the end

5158
04:43:07,000 --> 04:43:10,900
of a long day a shared drink 
with a friend, the warmth of it,

5159
04:43:10,900 --> 04:43:16,100
the taste the ritual of lifting,
the cup and drinking drinking a 

5160
04:43:16,100 --> 04:43:19,500
social you toast. 
You clink Cuts, you drink 

5161
04:43:19,500 --> 04:43:23,200
together, the ACT creates 
connection a drink at Days End 

5162
04:43:23,200 --> 04:43:28,300
signals transition work is done.
Rest Begins the drink marks the 

5163
04:43:28,300 --> 04:43:30,700
boundary You do not drink to 
excess. 

5164
04:43:30,700 --> 04:43:32,800
You have seen what that does to 
people. 

5165
04:43:32,800 --> 04:43:36,400
You drink enough to relax, not 
enough to lose control. 

5166
04:43:36,400 --> 04:43:42,000
Moderation is natural to you. 
Drunkenness is ugly slurred 

5167
04:43:42,000 --> 04:43:44,900
speech, poor judgment loss of 
dignity. 

5168
04:43:44,900 --> 04:43:48,900
You avoid this state two or 
three cups of Ale are enough, 

5169
04:43:48,908 --> 04:43:52,300
you know your limits, you 
recognize when you have had 

5170
04:43:52,300 --> 04:43:55,300
enough, you stop before you 
become impaired. 

5171
04:43:56,100 --> 04:43:58,100
Food and drink a part of the 
life. 

5172
04:43:58,100 --> 04:44:03,500
They Mark Time Breakfast, midday
meal, and evening, supper, they 

5173
04:44:03,500 --> 04:44:05,800
provide structure. 
They offer Comfort. 

5174
04:44:05,800 --> 04:44:10,000
They sustain you. 
The daily rhythm of eating is 

5175
04:44:10,000 --> 04:44:13,800
one of the reliable patterns. 
No matter what else happens, you

5176
04:44:13,800 --> 04:44:16,700
will eat. 
This regularity is reassuring 

5177
04:44:16,700 --> 04:44:20,000
food and drink a shared 
experience is, they can connect 

5178
04:44:20,000 --> 04:44:22,100
you to others. 
They can connect you to place. 

5179
04:44:22,100 --> 04:44:25,900
They connect you to yourself 
evening's begin when the light 

5180
04:44:25,900 --> 04:44:28,300
Fades. 
If there has been a performance,

5181
04:44:28,300 --> 04:44:31,000
it is over the audience has 
left. 

5182
04:44:31,800 --> 04:44:34,000
The actors of changed out of 
their costumes. 

5183
04:44:34,000 --> 04:44:38,000
The theater is quiet. 
The theater after a performance 

5184
04:44:38,000 --> 04:44:42,200
has a particular quality. 
The energy is dissipated the 

5185
04:44:42,200 --> 04:44:46,100
space feels larger and empty. 
Tier voices, Echo differently, 

5186
04:44:46,100 --> 04:44:50,300
props and costumes are put away 
the stages sweat. 

5187
04:44:51,300 --> 04:44:54,300
The work of preparation for 
tomorrow, begins quietly. 

5188
04:44:55,100 --> 04:44:59,100
You leave the theater and walk 
back to your lodging, the 

5189
04:44:59,100 --> 04:45:01,100
streets are less crowded than 
during the day. 

5190
04:45:01,100 --> 04:45:05,300
Shops are closing. 
People are heading home, You 

5191
04:45:05,300 --> 04:45:08,600
move with the flow of the crowd,
then break away to your own 

5192
04:45:08,600 --> 04:45:10,700
path. 
The evening streets. 

5193
04:45:10,700 --> 04:45:14,000
Have a different character. 
The urgency of the day is gone, 

5194
04:45:14,000 --> 04:45:17,900
people walk more slowly 
conversations are quieter. 

5195
04:45:18,600 --> 04:45:21,200
You know, the roots so well you 
could walk it and complete 

5196
04:45:21,200 --> 04:45:24,200
darkness. 
Your feet find the familiar 

5197
04:45:24,200 --> 04:45:28,600
turns without thought, your 
lodging is modest a room with a 

5198
04:45:28,600 --> 04:45:32,800
bed, a table and a chair. 
Sometimes a small half. 

5199
04:45:32,800 --> 04:45:37,300
The space is functional, you do 
not need more, you light, a 

5200
04:45:37,300 --> 04:45:40,100
candle, the room becomes visible
in the soft glow. 

5201
04:45:41,000 --> 04:45:45,000
Candle is Tallow, not beeswax. 
The smell is slightly unpleasant

5202
04:45:45,000 --> 04:45:50,300
the flame, flickers and Smoke's.
But it provides light which is 

5203
04:45:50,300 --> 04:45:55,500
what matters the room is cold in
Winter, the walls are thin, you 

5204
04:45:55,500 --> 04:45:58,300
light, a fire. 
If there is wood, if not, you 

5205
04:45:58,300 --> 04:46:01,100
wrap yourself in a blanket. 
In summer. 

5206
04:46:01,100 --> 04:46:03,800
The room is stuffy you open the 
window. 

5207
04:46:03,800 --> 04:46:07,500
If there is one the air from 
outside is only slightly fresher

5208
04:46:07,500 --> 04:46:11,200
than the air inside. 
You sit at the table, you might 

5209
04:46:11,208 --> 04:46:16,400
read books are not abundant but 
you have a few histories poetry 

5210
04:46:16,400 --> 04:46:20,100
and classical texts. 
You read slowly absorbing the 

5211
04:46:20,108 --> 04:46:22,900
words reading is different from 
writing. 

5212
04:46:22,900 --> 04:46:25,700
It is receptive rather than 
active. 

5213
04:46:25,700 --> 04:46:29,000
You own hole and sheds 
Chronicles, Pluto's lives and 

5214
04:46:29,008 --> 04:46:31,600
ovid's. 
Metamorphoses these books are 

5215
04:46:31,600 --> 04:46:34,500
resources for your work and also
Pleasures in themselves. 

5216
04:46:34,500 --> 04:46:38,700
You read passages you have read 
before familiarity does not 

5217
04:46:38,708 --> 04:46:41,900
diminish the enjoyment. 
You notice new things in 

5218
04:46:41,900 --> 04:46:44,900
familiar texts. 
Reading by candlelight is 

5219
04:46:44,900 --> 04:46:48,600
difficult, the light is dim and 
flickering, you hold the book, 

5220
04:46:48,600 --> 04:46:53,300
close your eyes tire quickly. 
Sometimes you do not read, you 

5221
04:46:53,300 --> 04:46:56,800
simply sit. 
Your mind is still active, but 

5222
04:46:56,800 --> 04:47:01,600
it is not focused on a task. 
Thoughts drift. you think about 

5223
04:47:01,600 --> 04:47:04,500
a scene, you are writing, you 
think about a conversation from 

5224
04:47:04,500 --> 04:47:08,600
early, you think about nothing 
in particular, The drifting, 

5225
04:47:08,600 --> 04:47:13,100
mine Finds Its Own paths ideas 
can connect with your direction.

5226
04:47:13,100 --> 04:47:15,800
This mental wandering is 
productive. 

5227
04:47:15,800 --> 04:47:17,700
In ways that focused thought is 
not. 

5228
04:47:18,600 --> 04:47:20,500
You might solve a problem that 
has been troubling. 

5229
04:47:20,500 --> 04:47:22,900
You? 
The solution arrives without 

5230
04:47:22,900 --> 04:47:25,600
effort emerging from the 
drifting thoughts. 

5231
04:47:26,700 --> 04:47:30,400
If you are in Stratford the 
evening is spent with family, 

5232
04:47:30,400 --> 04:47:34,200
you sit near the fire. 
And might sow or manage 

5233
04:47:34,200 --> 04:47:37,000
household accounts, your 
daughters might be nearby. 

5234
04:47:37,900 --> 04:47:40,900
The presence of others is 
comforting, even when there is 

5235
04:47:40,908 --> 04:47:45,900
little conversation. 
Fire crackles, the light shifts 

5236
04:47:45,900 --> 04:47:50,700
and moves the warmth radiates 
outward, you sit within range of

5237
04:47:50,700 --> 04:47:52,600
it. 
And works quietly. 

5238
04:47:52,600 --> 04:47:56,100
A needle moves steadily. 
She's comfortable with silence. 

5239
04:47:56,100 --> 04:48:01,100
You appreciate this about her. 
Susanna reads if there's enough 

5240
04:48:01,100 --> 04:48:03,400
light. 
Judith might prepare something 

5241
04:48:03,400 --> 04:48:06,300
for the next day. 
Everyone is occupied. 

5242
04:48:06,300 --> 04:48:10,800
But together In London. 
He sometimes visit a Taven in 

5243
04:48:10,808 --> 04:48:13,700
the evening, not the same Tavern
as after a performance. 

5244
04:48:14,700 --> 04:48:19,000
Quieter one, you sit in a 
corner, you drink ale slowly. 

5245
04:48:19,000 --> 04:48:22,300
You listen to the murmur of 
other conversations without 

5246
04:48:22,300 --> 04:48:25,700
participating. 
The quieter taverns attract 

5247
04:48:25,700 --> 04:48:29,100
older Patron's. 
The energy is subdued, people, 

5248
04:48:29,100 --> 04:48:31,800
drink and talk but without the 
rowdiness of the afternoon 

5249
04:48:31,800 --> 04:48:36,500
taverns you choose a spot away 
from the door away from the fire

5250
04:48:36,500 --> 04:48:38,900
somewhere. 
You can observe without being 

5251
04:48:38,900 --> 04:48:41,900
Central. 
The conversations around you are

5252
04:48:41,900 --> 04:48:45,500
fragments you hear pieces of 
stories, bits of arguments and 

5253
04:48:45,500 --> 04:48:48,400
laughter. 
Your present, but separate. 

5254
04:48:49,100 --> 04:48:52,100
Writing can happen in the 
evening but it is less common. 

5255
04:48:52,100 --> 04:48:56,900
Your mind is tired from the day.
The focus required for writing 

5256
04:48:56,900 --> 04:49:00,100
is harder to summon. 
If you do write, it is often 

5257
04:49:00,100 --> 04:49:02,800
revision rather than new 
material Crossing out. 

5258
04:49:02,800 --> 04:49:06,000
A word, adding a phrase, small 
adjustments. 

5259
04:49:06,000 --> 04:49:09,800
Evening, writing is finicky 
work, correcting errors, 

5260
04:49:09,800 --> 04:49:13,200
smoothing rough lines. 
It does not require the Creative

5261
04:49:13,200 --> 04:49:16,800
Energy of drafting new material.
The light is poor for writing, 

5262
04:49:16,800 --> 04:49:21,300
you squint at the page, the 
letters blur you work slowly. 

5263
04:49:21,300 --> 04:49:24,600
You might copy a clean version 
of a heavily revised page. 

5264
04:49:25,600 --> 04:49:28,400
The copying requires a tension, 
but not creativity. 

5265
04:49:29,300 --> 04:49:33,900
It is meditative work, lamp 
light or Candlelight creates a 

5266
04:49:33,900 --> 04:49:35,300
different atmosphere than 
daylight. 

5267
04:49:35,300 --> 04:49:39,700
The Shadows are deeper, the 
room, feels smaller, more 

5268
04:49:39,700 --> 04:49:42,900
contained. 
The world outside, the circle of

5269
04:49:42,900 --> 04:49:46,100
light seems distant. 
This isolation is not 

5270
04:49:46,100 --> 04:49:49,000
uncomfortable. 
It is simply a fact of evening. 

5271
04:49:49,800 --> 04:49:52,200
The lit space becomes your 
entire world. 

5272
04:49:53,200 --> 04:49:55,400
What exists beyond the light is 
irrelevant. 

5273
04:49:55,400 --> 04:50:00,300
The intimacy is focusing. 
Shadows move as the flame moves.

5274
04:50:00,300 --> 04:50:03,700
The walls seemed to breathe. 
The effect is Hypnotic. 

5275
04:50:04,500 --> 04:50:07,700
You pair for the next day you 
set out clothes, you check that 

5276
04:50:07,700 --> 04:50:10,500
you have paper and ink for 
writing, you plan your route. 

5277
04:50:10,500 --> 04:50:13,500
If you need to go somewhere 
these small preparations, make 

5278
04:50:13,500 --> 04:50:16,700
mornings easier laying out 
clothes saves time in the 

5279
04:50:16,700 --> 04:50:18,800
morning. 
You do not have to search or 

5280
04:50:18,800 --> 04:50:22,600
decide the choices are already 
made checking your supplies 

5281
04:50:22,600 --> 04:50:25,400
prevents frustration. 
Running out of ink. 

5282
04:50:25,400 --> 04:50:28,100
Mid-sentence! 
Is anointing preventing it is. 

5283
04:50:28,100 --> 04:50:32,400
Simple mental, preparation is 
also part of this you review. 

5284
04:50:32,400 --> 04:50:35,200
What tomorrow requires you set? 
Intentions? 

5285
04:50:35,200 --> 04:50:38,100
A planning is light. 
Not burdened them. 

5286
04:50:38,100 --> 04:50:41,400
You think about the work ahead 
not with anxiety. 

5287
04:50:41,400 --> 04:50:44,300
But with awareness there is a 
play to finish. 

5288
04:50:44,300 --> 04:50:48,800
There is a rehearsal to attend. 
There are meetings to hold the 

5289
04:50:48,800 --> 04:50:51,900
tasks are clear, you do not need
to solve them now. 

5290
04:50:51,900 --> 04:50:55,900
You simply acknowledge them 
acknowledging, tomorrow's work 

5291
04:50:55,900 --> 04:50:57,700
prevents it from intruding on 
rest. 

5292
04:50:57,700 --> 04:51:00,300
You have named it. 
You have noted. 

5293
04:51:00,300 --> 04:51:05,000
It now you can set it aside the 
tasks do not overwhelm you. 

5294
04:51:05,000 --> 04:51:08,800
They are simply what comes next.
You have done similar work. 

5295
04:51:08,800 --> 04:51:11,600
Many times before, evening's are
all. 

5296
04:51:11,600 --> 04:51:14,600
So when you feel the separation 
between London and Stratford 

5297
04:51:14,600 --> 04:51:19,500
most acutely, In London, you're 
alone or with colleagues. 

5298
04:51:19,500 --> 04:51:23,900
In Stratford you're with family,
neither is better. 

5299
04:51:23,900 --> 04:51:27,500
They are different. 
Both are part of your life. 

5300
04:51:28,400 --> 04:51:30,500
Separation creates a kind of 
doubling. 

5301
04:51:30,500 --> 04:51:34,100
You have two lives, two selves. 
The London self and the 

5302
04:51:34,108 --> 04:51:37,600
Stratford self they overlap, but
are not identical. 

5303
04:51:37,600 --> 04:51:41,000
You miss your family. 
When in London you miss the work

5304
04:51:41,000 --> 04:51:46,000
when in Stratford the longing is
mild and manageable you stretch 

5305
04:51:46,000 --> 04:51:48,700
your body. 
Writing and sitting leave you 

5306
04:51:48,700 --> 04:51:52,500
stiff your back aches, your 
shoulders, tighten. 

5307
04:51:53,400 --> 04:51:56,900
Standing and moving releases, 
the tension you roll your 

5308
04:51:56,900 --> 04:52:01,000
shoulders, you flex your 
fingers, the movement is small 

5309
04:52:01,000 --> 04:52:04,800
but necessary, your body, 
protests the days Stillness. 

5310
04:52:05,600 --> 04:52:08,900
Joints Creak muscles are tight 
movement. 

5311
04:52:08,900 --> 04:52:11,700
Reminds them. 
They can still move, you walk 

5312
04:52:11,700 --> 04:52:16,100
around the room, you touch your 
toes, you reach overhead, the 

5313
04:52:16,100 --> 04:52:20,300
stretches are simple, the relief
is immediate your body, softens 

5314
04:52:20,300 --> 04:52:25,600
blood flows, the discomfort 
eases, sometimes you pray, not 

5315
04:52:25,600 --> 04:52:29,100
long or formal prayers, just a 
moment of quiet reflection. 

5316
04:52:29,100 --> 04:52:33,300
You think about the day you 
Express gratitude for what went?

5317
04:52:33,300 --> 04:52:36,300
Well you asked for strength for 
what comes next. 

5318
04:52:36,300 --> 04:52:38,900
The practice is private and 
brief. 

5319
04:52:38,900 --> 04:52:41,100
Prayer is a habit from 
childhood. 

5320
04:52:41,100 --> 04:52:44,300
The words are familiar, they 
provide structure for 

5321
04:52:44,300 --> 04:52:46,800
reflection. 
You do not pray for specific 

5322
04:52:46,800 --> 04:52:51,300
outcomes, you pray for the 
ability to do your work well for

5323
04:52:51,300 --> 04:52:53,700
the health of your family for 
peace. 

5324
04:52:55,000 --> 04:52:56,800
The prayer is between you and 
God. 

5325
04:52:56,800 --> 04:53:00,900
No one else is involved. 
The intimacy is complete. 

5326
04:53:01,800 --> 04:53:05,800
You hear the sound of the city 
or town settling fewer voices, 

5327
04:53:05,800 --> 04:53:09,300
the occasional call of a night 
Watchman, the Creak of a 

5328
04:53:09,300 --> 04:53:11,000
building, these sounds are 
familiar. 

5329
04:53:11,000 --> 04:53:13,000
They Mark the transition to 
night. 

5330
04:53:14,100 --> 04:53:17,800
The nightwatchman calls the our 
his voice carries through the 

5331
04:53:17,800 --> 04:53:20,500
quiet streets. 
The sound is reassuring. 

5332
04:53:20,500 --> 04:53:24,000
Someone is watching building 
settle as temperatures. 

5333
04:53:24,000 --> 04:53:27,000
Drop would contracts joint 
shift. 

5334
04:53:27,000 --> 04:53:31,000
The sounds are gentle and 
constant if you're tired you 

5335
04:53:31,000 --> 04:53:34,000
feel it in the evening. 
Your eyes are heavy, your 

5336
04:53:34,000 --> 04:53:38,200
thoughts slow you accept this. 
There is no point in fighting 

5337
04:53:38,200 --> 04:53:42,800
fatigue, you prepare for sleep. 
Instead, tiredness is a signal, 

5338
04:53:42,800 --> 04:53:47,200
your body needs rest, you honor 
the signal rather than pushing 

5339
04:53:47,200 --> 04:53:50,300
through. 
Fighting fatigue only delays, 

5340
04:53:50,300 --> 04:53:53,500
the inevitable. 
To surrender to it and get the 

5341
04:53:53,500 --> 04:53:55,500
rest. 
You need, you might write a 

5342
04:53:55,500 --> 04:53:59,400
letter to a friend to family to 
a business associate. 

5343
04:54:00,300 --> 04:54:03,700
The letter is practical. 
You share news asked questions 

5344
04:54:03,700 --> 04:54:08,400
and convey information you write
clearly and simply When the 

5345
04:54:08,400 --> 04:54:11,700
letter is finished, you see it. 
It will be sent to Morrow 

5346
04:54:11,700 --> 04:54:14,500
letters maintain connections 
across distance. 

5347
04:54:15,700 --> 04:54:19,000
You write to people in Stratford
when you're in London. you write

5348
04:54:19,000 --> 04:54:22,900
to London contacts, when you are
in Stratford, The letters are 

5349
04:54:22,900 --> 04:54:24,700
brief. 
You're not verbose and 

5350
04:54:24,700 --> 04:54:28,400
correspondence. 
You state what needs stating and

5351
04:54:28,400 --> 04:54:31,200
finish. 
Sealing the letter with wax 

5352
04:54:31,200 --> 04:54:34,000
makes it official. 
The seal is a small Mark of 

5353
04:54:34,008 --> 04:54:37,100
completion. 
You tidy the room before bed, 

5354
04:54:37,100 --> 04:54:41,700
you put away papers, you close 
books, you Bank, the fire or 

5355
04:54:41,700 --> 04:54:44,700
extinguish the candle. 
The space is ready. 

5356
04:54:44,700 --> 04:54:47,800
For sleep order brings calm 
tidying. 

5357
04:54:47,800 --> 04:54:51,100
As a transition ritual, it 
signals the end of the day's 

5358
04:54:51,100 --> 04:54:53,900
activities. 
The room is reset for tomorrow. 

5359
04:54:54,800 --> 04:54:58,400
Finding things is easier when 
the room is orderly mourning, 

5360
04:54:58,400 --> 04:55:00,900
you will appreciate Evening News
organization. 

5361
04:55:01,500 --> 04:55:03,800
The act of tidying is calming in
itself. 

5362
04:55:03,800 --> 04:55:07,700
The simple motion is a 
meditative evenings are not 

5363
04:55:07,700 --> 04:55:11,000
eventful, they are the space 
between the work of the day and 

5364
04:55:11,000 --> 04:55:14,400
the rest of the night, they 
allow you to transition, they 

5365
04:55:14,400 --> 04:55:16,500
give you time to settle your 
mind and body. 

5366
04:55:17,700 --> 04:55:21,600
The transition is necessary. 
You cannot go directly from work

5367
04:55:21,600 --> 04:55:24,300
to sleep. 
The Gap allows decompression 

5368
04:55:24,300 --> 04:55:28,700
your mind, needs time to stop 
churning your body needs time to

5369
04:55:28,700 --> 04:55:32,400
relax. 
Evening provides this time you 

5370
04:55:32,400 --> 04:55:36,300
do not rush through the evening.
There is no deadline you move at

5371
04:55:36,300 --> 04:55:40,500
your own pace when you're ready 
you go to bed until then you 

5372
04:55:40,500 --> 04:55:44,100
occupy the quiet hours without 
pressure the lack of pressure is

5373
04:55:44,100 --> 04:55:46,800
itself restful. 
No one expects anything. 

5374
04:55:46,800 --> 04:55:51,300
No one is waiting. 
You are free to Simply Be the 

5375
04:55:51,300 --> 04:55:53,800
evening is yours. 
It is not dictated by 

5376
04:55:53,800 --> 04:55:56,100
performance schedules or writing
deadlines. 

5377
04:55:56,100 --> 04:55:59,800
It is time that belongs to you 
alone or to you and your family 

5378
04:55:59,800 --> 04:56:05,200
or to you and a quiet room. 
This time is valuable in its 

5379
04:56:05,200 --> 04:56:09,300
Simplicity owning. 
Your time is a luxury most 

5380
04:56:09,300 --> 04:56:12,000
people's time belongs to others 
in the evening. 

5381
04:56:12,000 --> 04:56:16,900
Yours is your own the Simplicity
is the value nothing complex. 

5382
04:56:16,900 --> 04:56:21,700
Nothing demanding just time 
passing gently you prepare for 

5383
04:56:21,700 --> 04:56:25,200
bed when the evening wins down. 
Change into a nightshirt. 

5384
04:56:25,200 --> 04:56:29,400
The fabric is worn and soft. 
You set aside the clothes you 

5385
04:56:29,400 --> 04:56:31,400
wore during the day. 
They will be there in the 

5386
04:56:31,408 --> 04:56:33,600
morning. 
The nightshirt is comfortable. 

5387
04:56:33,600 --> 04:56:38,000
It has been washed many times. 
The fabric is thin but warm 

5388
04:56:38,000 --> 04:56:42,200
enough changing clothes signals,
the final transition work 

5389
04:56:42,200 --> 04:56:46,800
clothes come off sleep clothes 
go on the boundary is marked you

5390
04:56:46,800 --> 04:56:48,800
fold the day's clothes or hang 
them on a peg. 

5391
04:56:48,800 --> 04:56:51,200
This small Act of care maintains
order. 

5392
04:56:51,200 --> 04:56:55,700
The bed is simple a wooden frame
a mattress stuffed with straw 

5393
04:56:55,700 --> 04:56:58,000
feathers blankets and a 
coverlet. 

5394
04:56:58,800 --> 04:57:01,900
In Winter, you add more blankets
in summer. 

5395
04:57:01,900 --> 04:57:06,300
You use viewer. 
The bed is not luxurious but it 

5396
04:57:06,300 --> 04:57:09,400
is adequate. 
The mattress in London lodgings 

5397
04:57:09,400 --> 04:57:13,900
is usually straw it rustles. 
When you move it flattens over 

5398
04:57:13,900 --> 04:57:17,800
time and needs resting. 
The mattress in Stratford is 

5399
04:57:17,800 --> 04:57:20,500
feathers. 
It is softer and quieter. 

5400
04:57:20,500 --> 04:57:23,400
It shapes to your body more 
comfortably. 

5401
04:57:24,200 --> 04:57:25,400
Blankets. 
A wool. 

5402
04:57:25,400 --> 04:57:29,000
They're heavy and warm. 
They smell slightly of lanolin. 

5403
04:57:29,000 --> 04:57:32,600
You lie down the mattress yields
beneath you. 

5404
04:57:32,600 --> 04:57:37,100
Your body relaxes in to it. 
The days tension begin to 

5405
04:57:37,108 --> 04:57:41,500
release your muscles loose and 
your breathing slows. 

5406
04:57:41,500 --> 04:57:46,400
The horizontal position itself 
is a relief your spine, releases

5407
04:57:46,400 --> 04:57:49,300
your muscles, do not have to 
hold you upright. 

5408
04:57:50,200 --> 04:57:52,500
Feel the weight of your body 
against the mattress. 

5409
04:57:52,500 --> 04:57:56,700
The pressure is grounding your 
supported your breathing. 

5410
04:57:56,700 --> 04:57:59,700
Naturally slows. 
The Rhythm becomes steady. 

5411
04:57:59,700 --> 04:58:03,200
The regularity is soothing. 
The room is dark. 

5412
04:58:04,100 --> 04:58:06,700
If there is a moon, faint light 
comes through the window. 

5413
04:58:06,700 --> 04:58:09,200
If not, the darkness is 
complete. 

5414
04:58:09,900 --> 04:58:14,100
You do not mind. 
Darkness is restful, complete 

5415
04:58:14,100 --> 04:58:17,500
darkness is rare in the city. 
There is always some ambient 

5416
04:58:17,500 --> 04:58:19,400
light. 
But it is dark enough. 

5417
04:58:19,400 --> 04:58:23,800
Moonlight creates shapes and 
shadows, you can see the outline

5418
04:58:23,800 --> 04:58:26,000
of furniture. 
The effect is soft. 

5419
04:58:26,000 --> 04:58:28,800
Darkness removes visual 
stimulation. 

5420
04:58:28,800 --> 04:58:33,200
Your eyes can finally rest. 
They do not have to focus. 

5421
04:58:33,200 --> 04:58:37,700
You hear the sounds of night. 
In London, there are distant, 

5422
04:58:37,700 --> 04:58:40,000
voices, footsteps and the 
occasional cart. 

5423
04:58:40,700 --> 04:58:44,800
In Stratford, there is wind 
animals and The Creeks of the 

5424
04:58:44,800 --> 04:58:47,700
house. 
These sounds do not disturb you.

5425
04:58:47,700 --> 04:58:52,100
They are part of the background.
London Knights sound a human 

5426
04:58:52,100 --> 04:58:55,200
people. 
Moving through the streets doors

5427
04:58:55,200 --> 04:59:00,900
closing voices calling Stratford
night sounds and natural wind in

5428
04:59:00,900 --> 04:59:05,400
trees and Howell calling. 
A dog barking in the distance. 

5429
04:59:06,400 --> 04:59:11,100
The Sounds former kind of music 
they rise and fall, they overlap

5430
04:59:11,100 --> 04:59:15,800
and separate they Mark time 
passing Your thoughts, slow. 

5431
04:59:15,800 --> 04:59:20,500
The concerns of the day fade. 
You do not try to solve problems

5432
04:59:20,500 --> 04:59:23,700
or plan ahead. 
You simply let your mind drift. 

5433
04:59:24,600 --> 04:59:27,200
Images and fragments pass 
through your awareness. 

5434
04:59:27,200 --> 04:59:30,900
They do not form coherent. 
Narratives, they're just 

5435
04:59:30,900 --> 04:59:34,600
thoughts dissolving into rest. 
The Mind, empties gradually, 

5436
04:59:34,600 --> 04:59:40,000
thoughts become less frequent 
less insistent, images appear, 

5437
04:59:40,000 --> 04:59:45,100
and fade, a face from the day, a
line from a play, a memory with 

5438
04:59:45,100 --> 04:59:47,800
no context. 
The dissolution is Pleasant 

5439
04:59:47,800 --> 04:59:50,900
conscious thought gives way to 
something quieter. 

5440
04:59:51,800 --> 04:59:56,000
Sleep comes gradually, you do 
not notice the exact moment, 

5441
04:59:56,000 --> 04:59:59,400
you're breathing deepens, your 
Consciousness. 

5442
04:59:59,400 --> 05:00:03,100
Dims you slip from waking into 
sleep without effort? 

5443
05:00:04,000 --> 05:00:06,800
The boundary between waking and 
sleeping is invisible. 

5444
05:00:06,800 --> 05:00:10,200
You cross it with without 
knowing your body knows before 

5445
05:00:10,200 --> 05:00:13,000
your mind. 
Muscles twitch. 

5446
05:00:13,800 --> 05:00:18,300
Breathing changes rhythm. 
The transitionist smooth, no 

5447
05:00:18,300 --> 05:00:22,400
Struggle, No resistant. 
Just gentle Falling Away. 

5448
05:00:24,100 --> 05:00:27,500
The night passes, you sleep 
deeply at first then more 

5449
05:00:27,500 --> 05:00:31,400
lightly toward morning, you 
might wake once or twice you 

5450
05:00:31,400 --> 05:00:34,800
shift position. 
You adjust the blanket you fall 

5451
05:00:34,800 --> 05:00:39,600
back asleep quickly. 
Deep sleep is dreamless or 

5452
05:00:39,600 --> 05:00:43,400
dreams are not remembered. 
Your body does its restorative 

5453
05:00:43,400 --> 05:00:45,900
work. 
Light, sleep brings more 

5454
05:00:45,900 --> 05:00:49,600
awareness, you hear sounds, you 
notice temperature. 

5455
05:00:50,500 --> 05:00:54,500
But you remain mostly asleep. 
Waking briefly in the night is 

5456
05:00:54,500 --> 05:00:57,100
normal. 
You register it and return to 

5457
05:00:57,100 --> 05:00:59,800
sleep. 
It does not disturb the overall 

5458
05:00:59,800 --> 05:01:02,900
rest. 
Dreams occur, but you do not 

5459
05:01:02,900 --> 05:01:06,000
remember most of them. 
Occasionally a dream lingers 

5460
05:01:06,000 --> 05:01:09,100
after waking. 
It is strange or Vivid. 

5461
05:01:09,800 --> 05:01:12,100
You think about it briefly, then
Let It Go. 

5462
05:01:12,100 --> 05:01:16,200
Dreams are not significant. 
They are just the mind working 

5463
05:01:16,200 --> 05:01:19,300
through the days impression, 
dreams are ephemeral. 

5464
05:01:19,300 --> 05:01:23,200
They fade quickly. 
After waking details, slip away 

5465
05:01:23,200 --> 05:01:27,000
is you try to hold them a vivid 
dream that might stay with you 

5466
05:01:27,000 --> 05:01:30,200
through the morning. 
You puzzle over it, then it 

5467
05:01:30,200 --> 05:01:34,400
loses its power and you forget 
you don't look for meaning in 

5468
05:01:34,400 --> 05:01:37,900
dreams there. 
Random firing of a sleeping mine

5469
05:01:37,900 --> 05:01:42,200
in Winter, the cold Waits you. 
You pull the blankets tighter, 

5470
05:01:42,200 --> 05:01:45,300
you curl into a smaller shape to
conserve warmth. 

5471
05:01:46,400 --> 05:01:48,700
Cold is uncomfortable but not 
unbearable. 

5472
05:01:49,600 --> 05:01:52,700
You wait for more morning, 
winter nights are long and dark.

5473
05:01:52,700 --> 05:01:56,600
The cold is invasive. 
It finds gaps in the blankets. 

5474
05:01:56,600 --> 05:01:58,900
You pile. 
Every available blanket on the 

5475
05:01:58,908 --> 05:02:02,700
bed, still your nose, and the 
tips of your ears are cold 

5476
05:02:03,400 --> 05:02:05,800
Sometimes you get up and add a 
layer of clothing under the 

5477
05:02:05,800 --> 05:02:09,800
night shirt, then you return to 
bed, and sleep, better in 

5478
05:02:09,800 --> 05:02:13,300
summer, warmth can be oppressive
you push the blanket to side, 

5479
05:02:13,300 --> 05:02:16,700
you lie, still trying to catch 
any Breeze, the discomfort 

5480
05:02:16,700 --> 05:02:21,000
passes, you sleep again. 
Summer nights are short the heat

5481
05:02:21,008 --> 05:02:24,500
persists even after dark. 
The air is still and heavy. 

5482
05:02:25,200 --> 05:02:27,300
You remove blankets until only a
sheet. 

5483
05:02:27,308 --> 05:02:30,700
Remains you kick that aside too,
if the heat demands it. 

5484
05:02:30,700 --> 05:02:34,900
Any movement generates warmth, 
you lie is still as possible. 

5485
05:02:34,900 --> 05:02:40,300
Eventually sleep comes despite 
the discomfort, your body rests 

5486
05:02:40,300 --> 05:02:44,500
muscles repair. 
Your mind processes sleep is 

5487
05:02:44,500 --> 05:02:46,900
restorative. 
You do not think about this 

5488
05:02:46,900 --> 05:02:50,100
consciously, but you feel it. 
When you wait, the rest is done.

5489
05:02:50,100 --> 05:02:52,800
Its work. 
Your body heals itself during 

5490
05:02:52,800 --> 05:02:57,500
sleep, small injuries, men and 
strained, muscles, relax, your 

5491
05:02:57,500 --> 05:03:01,200
mind sorts and stores. 
The days experience is what is 

5492
05:03:01,200 --> 05:03:05,200
important is kept. 
What is not is discarded. 

5493
05:03:05,900 --> 05:03:08,600
You wake feeling different than 
you felt when you went to bed. 

5494
05:03:08,600 --> 05:03:13,400
The change is subtle, but real, 
you're restored. 

5495
05:03:13,400 --> 05:03:15,700
You share a bed with an 
instructor. 

5496
05:03:16,800 --> 05:03:19,300
He sleeps on one side and you on
the other. 

5497
05:03:19,300 --> 05:03:22,800
You are aware of her presence 
without it interrupting your 

5498
05:03:22,800 --> 05:03:26,000
rest. 
Shared warmth is comforting. 

5499
05:03:26,800 --> 05:03:30,700
Two bodies in a bed, generate 
more heat than one in winter. 

5500
05:03:30,700 --> 05:03:33,700
This is welcome. 
You know, the rhythm of her 

5501
05:03:33,700 --> 05:03:36,900
breathing The sound is familiar 
and comforting. 

5502
05:03:37,700 --> 05:03:41,200
Sometimes she waits when you 
wait, sometimes she sleeps 

5503
05:03:41,200 --> 05:03:44,400
through. 
The companionship exists, even 

5504
05:03:44,400 --> 05:03:50,200
in sleep, in London, you sleep 
alone, the bed is entirely yours

5505
05:03:50,200 --> 05:03:54,700
you spread out or curl up as you
choose there is freedom in this 

5506
05:03:54,700 --> 05:03:58,400
but also a kind of loneliness. 
You do not dwell on it. 

5507
05:03:59,200 --> 05:04:01,600
Sleeping alone, you can move 
without consideration. 

5508
05:04:01,600 --> 05:04:05,100
You can sprawl. 
You can take all the blankets 

5509
05:04:05,900 --> 05:04:09,900
The freedom is pleasant, but the
bed feels larger emptier. 

5510
05:04:09,900 --> 05:04:13,900
You must the companionship 
sometimes other times. 

5511
05:04:13,900 --> 05:04:16,700
You appreciate the Solitude. 
Both of valid. 

5512
05:04:17,500 --> 05:04:20,300
Quality of sleep. 
Varies some nights. 

5513
05:04:20,300 --> 05:04:23,100
You sleep soundly from dark to 
Dawn. 

5514
05:04:23,100 --> 05:04:27,600
Other nights, sleep is broken. 
You wake repeatedly. 

5515
05:04:27,600 --> 05:04:29,600
You lie. 
Awake for stretches. 

5516
05:04:29,600 --> 05:04:33,200
By morning, you are less rested.
You accept this. 

5517
05:04:33,200 --> 05:04:37,100
Not every night is perfect good.
Sleep is a gift. 

5518
05:04:37,100 --> 05:04:39,400
You wake feeling strong and 
clear. 

5519
05:04:39,400 --> 05:04:42,700
The day ahead seems manageable, 
poor sleep. 

5520
05:04:42,708 --> 05:04:45,400
Believes you fuzzy. 
Your thoughts are slower. 

5521
05:04:45,400 --> 05:04:49,300
Your patience is thinner. 
You do, what needs doing anyway?

5522
05:04:49,300 --> 05:04:51,800
You cannot control the quality 
of sleep. 

5523
05:04:51,800 --> 05:04:54,600
You can only create conditions 
that favor it. 

5524
05:04:54,600 --> 05:04:58,800
The rest is beyond your power 
morning comes with light. 

5525
05:04:58,800 --> 05:05:02,500
You wait slowly, you lie. 
Still for a moment. 

5526
05:05:02,500 --> 05:05:05,200
Orienting yourself. 
You remember where you are? 

5527
05:05:05,200 --> 05:05:08,300
You think about the day ahead. 
The new rise. 

5528
05:05:09,000 --> 05:05:12,500
The first light of dawn is gray 
and soft, it grows brighter 

5529
05:05:12,500 --> 05:05:16,200
gradually. 
You hear mourning sounds Birds 

5530
05:05:16,200 --> 05:05:20,600
people beginning their work, the
city or town is waking you 

5531
05:05:20,600 --> 05:05:24,700
stretch in bed before Rising 
Your body protests the 

5532
05:05:24,700 --> 05:05:29,800
transition from horizontal to 
Vertical then adjusts you dress.

5533
05:05:29,800 --> 05:05:33,600
You step into the day, the night
is behind you. 

5534
05:05:34,400 --> 05:05:37,000
Sleep is done. 
What it can you're ready to 

5535
05:05:37,000 --> 05:05:39,900
begin again? 
Dressing is automatic the 

5536
05:05:39,900 --> 05:05:41,100
clothes. 
You laid out of there. 

5537
05:05:41,100 --> 05:05:46,500
You put them on without thought.
The day begins work, weights 

5538
05:05:46,500 --> 05:05:50,700
people wait. 
The routine continues sleep is 

5539
05:05:50,700 --> 05:05:53,500
not dramatic. 
It is not an escape or an 

5540
05:05:53,500 --> 05:05:56,700
adventure. 
It is simply rest your body 

5541
05:05:56,700 --> 05:05:59,700
requires it, your mind requires 
it. 

5542
05:05:59,700 --> 05:06:03,600
You give yourself over to it 
each night, trusting that it 

5543
05:06:03,608 --> 05:06:07,600
will restore you. 
Sleep is fundamental without it 

5544
05:06:07,600 --> 05:06:11,500
nothing else functions properly,
you trust sleep, you surrender 

5545
05:06:11,500 --> 05:06:14,000
to it it has never fail to 
restore you. 

5546
05:06:14,000 --> 05:06:17,800
The routine of sleep is steady. 
You go to bed around the same 

5547
05:06:17,800 --> 05:06:22,000
time, you wake around the same 
time, the consistency helps, 

5548
05:06:22,000 --> 05:06:26,500
your body knows what to expect 
regularity AIDS, sleep, your 

5549
05:06:26,500 --> 05:06:29,500
body develops a rhythm, the 
Rhythm supports rest. 

5550
05:06:30,300 --> 05:06:33,700
When travel work disrupts, the 
Rhythm sleep is harder. 

5551
05:06:33,700 --> 05:06:37,900
You notice the difference, you 
do not fight sleep, when you're 

5552
05:06:37,900 --> 05:06:41,700
tired, you sleep, when you're 
arrested you, wait. 

5553
05:06:42,500 --> 05:06:45,500
The rhythm is natural. 
You follow it without resistance

5554
05:06:45,500 --> 05:06:49,400
resistance is futile, the body's
need for sleep is 

5555
05:06:49,400 --> 05:06:52,200
non-negotiable. 
You have learned to listen to 

5556
05:06:52,200 --> 05:06:55,600
your body signals when it says 
sleep, you sleep. 

5557
05:06:55,600 --> 05:07:00,900
When it says, wait you wait. 
Sleep, connects the days, it 

5558
05:07:00,900 --> 05:07:04,100
marks the end of one and the 
beginning of the next, it 

5559
05:07:04,100 --> 05:07:08,700
provides a pause a reset. 
When you wake you're the same 

5560
05:07:08,708 --> 05:07:12,200
person. 
But the day is new, sleep is the

5561
05:07:12,200 --> 05:07:16,200
boundary between yesterday and 
today it separates and connects 

5562
05:07:16,200 --> 05:07:18,600
them the new Day brings new 
possibilities. 

5563
05:07:19,900 --> 05:07:21,900
The problems of yesterday might 
look different. 

5564
05:07:21,900 --> 05:07:27,300
The work continues fresh, you're
continuous across days but sleep

5565
05:07:27,300 --> 05:07:30,600
renews you. 
Each morning is a small rebirth.

5566
05:07:30,600 --> 05:07:33,500
Your life is not shaped by Grand
events. 

5567
05:07:33,500 --> 05:07:38,200
It is shaped by repetition the 
same streets walked again. 

5568
05:07:38,200 --> 05:07:41,600
And again the same tasks 
performed day. 

5569
05:07:41,600 --> 05:07:45,200
After day, the same people are 
seen over and over, this 

5570
05:07:45,200 --> 05:07:47,400
continuity is the foundation of 
everything. 

5571
05:07:48,300 --> 05:07:51,500
The grand Narrative of your life
is actually composed of tiny. 

5572
05:07:51,500 --> 05:07:56,400
Repeated moments, walking to the
theater sitting to write eating 

5573
05:07:56,400 --> 05:08:00,700
bread sleeping. 
The repetition creates, depth 

5574
05:08:00,700 --> 05:08:04,700
each time you walk a street, you
know, it better each time you 

5575
05:08:04,700 --> 05:08:09,200
write the process is smoother. 
Continuity is underrated people 

5576
05:08:09,200 --> 05:08:12,700
seek novelty and drama but life 
is built on the ordinary. 

5577
05:08:12,700 --> 05:08:15,300
You write many plays over many 
years. 

5578
05:08:15,300 --> 05:08:20,100
Each one is created through the 
same process sitting writing 

5579
05:08:20,100 --> 05:08:25,600
revising, rehearsing performing.
The process does not change the 

5580
05:08:25,600 --> 05:08:30,400
plays do, but the work remains 
constant by now you have 

5581
05:08:30,400 --> 05:08:33,900
written, dozens of plays, the 
number is less important than 

5582
05:08:33,900 --> 05:08:37,000
the accumulated practice. 
Each player is different 

5583
05:08:37,000 --> 05:08:40,700
different characters, different 
conflicts, different language. 

5584
05:08:40,700 --> 05:08:45,300
But the making of them is the 
same, the constancy of process 

5585
05:08:45,300 --> 05:08:49,300
allows variety of product. 
Because you know how to make a 

5586
05:08:49,300 --> 05:08:53,700
play, you can make many kinds of
plays You observe the world 

5587
05:08:53,700 --> 05:08:56,200
around you. 
You see how people speak? 

5588
05:08:56,200 --> 05:08:58,100
How they move and how they 
react. 

5589
05:08:59,000 --> 05:09:02,600
These observations accumulate, 
they become the material of your

5590
05:09:02,600 --> 05:09:04,700
writing. 
The process is slow and 

5591
05:09:04,700 --> 05:09:06,900
unconscious. 
You do not set out to collect 

5592
05:09:06,900 --> 05:09:09,300
material. 
It's simply happens as you live.

5593
05:09:09,300 --> 05:09:12,000
Every interaction is potential 
material. 

5594
05:09:12,000 --> 05:09:16,700
Every conversation, every 
gesture, every conflict, the 

5595
05:09:16,700 --> 05:09:19,200
accumulation is invisible and 
you need it. 

5596
05:09:19,200 --> 05:09:23,800
Then the material is there. 
Stored with your know, Living 

5597
05:09:23,800 --> 05:09:27,700
and writing are not separate one
feeds the other continuously 

5598
05:09:27,700 --> 05:09:31,800
your influence grows, but you do
not notice it happening. 

5599
05:09:32,700 --> 05:09:34,500
People begin to quote, your 
lines. 

5600
05:09:34,500 --> 05:09:36,700
Your plays are performed more 
frequently. 

5601
05:09:36,700 --> 05:09:40,800
Your name becomes known, But to 
you, the work is the same. 

5602
05:09:40,800 --> 05:09:45,000
You write revised rehearse and 
perform. 

5603
05:09:46,000 --> 05:09:49,300
The external recognition does 
not change the internal routine.

5604
05:09:50,000 --> 05:09:54,800
Success, creeps up slowly, there
is no single moment of arrival. 

5605
05:09:54,800 --> 05:09:58,700
You hear your lines quoted in 
taverns, you see other 

5606
05:09:58,700 --> 05:10:02,900
playwrights, imitating, your 
techniques, these are signs, but

5607
05:10:02,900 --> 05:10:05,900
you do not dwell on them, the 
work matters more than the 

5608
05:10:05,900 --> 05:10:08,400
recognition, you focus on the 
work. 

5609
05:10:08,400 --> 05:10:12,800
You maintain your commitments to
the theater company to your 

5610
05:10:12,800 --> 05:10:17,300
family, to your Patron's. 
These commitments require steady

5611
05:10:17,300 --> 05:10:21,400
effort, you show up. 
You do the work, you fulfill 

5612
05:10:21,400 --> 05:10:24,600
your obligations. 
This reliability is what 

5613
05:10:24,600 --> 05:10:28,100
sustains, your career 
reliability is more valuable 

5614
05:10:28,100 --> 05:10:31,800
than brilliant people depend on 
you to deliver you meet 

5615
05:10:31,800 --> 05:10:36,200
deadline's, you honor agreements
you show up when expected this 

5616
05:10:36,200 --> 05:10:40,300
builds Trust. 
Trust compounds over time, your 

5617
05:10:40,300 --> 05:10:42,300
reputation is built on 
consistency. 

5618
05:10:42,300 --> 05:10:46,500
Your legacy is built in moments 
that are not recorded the 

5619
05:10:46,500 --> 05:10:49,500
conversation in Athen. 
That inspires a character the 

5620
05:10:49,500 --> 05:10:52,800
walk through London, that shapes
a setting, the quiet hour of 

5621
05:10:52,800 --> 05:10:55,300
revision that turns a weak scene
into a strong one. 

5622
05:10:55,300 --> 05:10:58,900
These moments are ordinary. 
They are so essential. 

5623
05:10:59,800 --> 05:11:02,400
The important moments, do not 
feel important when they happen,

5624
05:11:02,400 --> 05:11:06,400
they feel like ordinary moments 
a strangest phrase becomes 

5625
05:11:06,400 --> 05:11:09,700
Hamlet's line, a gesture. 
You noticed becomes lady 

5626
05:11:09,700 --> 05:11:13,600
Macbeth's movement, the legacy 
is built from invisible pieces. 

5627
05:11:13,600 --> 05:11:18,200
No one knows where the ideas 
came from only you know and even

5628
05:11:18,200 --> 05:11:22,100
you forget most of them, you 
grow older, the work continues, 

5629
05:11:22,100 --> 05:11:25,400
you do not slow down 
dramatically, you simply keep 

5630
05:11:25,400 --> 05:11:29,500
going the rhythm of writing and 
Performing does not stop because

5631
05:11:29,500 --> 05:11:31,600
you age. 
It continues. 

5632
05:11:31,600 --> 05:11:35,500
As long as you are able your 
body ages, your eyes weaken, 

5633
05:11:35,500 --> 05:11:41,500
your joints, ache, But your mind
remains sharp the work adapts to

5634
05:11:41,500 --> 05:11:44,500
your changing body. 
You write less when your hand 

5635
05:11:44,500 --> 05:11:49,400
tires, you rest more. 
But you do not stop age. 

5636
05:11:49,400 --> 05:11:52,400
Brings perspective. 
You see patterns, you could not 

5637
05:11:52,400 --> 05:11:55,700
see when young girl, the work 
benefits from this. 

5638
05:11:55,700 --> 05:11:59,600
You invest in property, you 
secure your family's Future. 

5639
05:11:59,600 --> 05:12:03,700
These decisions are practical. 
They are not about Glory or 

5640
05:12:03,700 --> 05:12:06,000
fame. 
There are about ensuring that 

5641
05:12:06,000 --> 05:12:10,200
your wife and children are cared
for the work is necessary and 

5642
05:12:10,200 --> 05:12:13,100
unglamorous. 
You buy new place, one of the 

5643
05:12:13,100 --> 05:12:16,700
largest houses in Stratford you 
buy land, you may make 

5644
05:12:16,708 --> 05:12:19,700
investments. 
These purchases are insurances. 

5645
05:12:20,800 --> 05:12:23,600
The theater fails, your family 
will still have income and 

5646
05:12:23,600 --> 05:12:25,800
shelter. 
The business of securing a 

5647
05:12:25,800 --> 05:12:30,200
future is tedious, contract 
negotiations, legal documents, 

5648
05:12:30,200 --> 05:12:33,700
you do it anyway, you return to 
Stratford more often. 

5649
05:12:33,700 --> 05:12:37,300
As you age, the pull of Home, 
strengthens you spend more time 

5650
05:12:37,300 --> 05:12:41,000
with family, you manage your 
property, you participate in a 

5651
05:12:41,000 --> 05:12:44,800
local Affairs, the transition 
from London to Stratford is 

5652
05:12:44,800 --> 05:12:48,100
gradual. 
It feels natural, London 

5653
05:12:48,100 --> 05:12:52,300
exhausts, you more than it used 
to the noise, the crowds the 

5654
05:12:52,300 --> 05:12:55,600
constant activity Stratford is 
quieter. 

5655
05:12:55,600 --> 05:12:59,600
The pace is slower. 
Your family is there the police 

5656
05:12:59,600 --> 05:13:01,600
strong. 
You do not make a dramatic 

5657
05:13:01,600 --> 05:13:04,800
decision to retire. 
You simply spend more time at 

5658
05:13:04,800 --> 05:13:08,800
home and less time in London. 
The transition is organic the 

5659
05:13:08,800 --> 05:13:11,700
theater continues without you 
needing to be their constantly. 

5660
05:13:12,900 --> 05:13:17,100
Other playwrights, right? 
Other actors perform the company

5661
05:13:17,100 --> 05:13:21,100
adapts Your Role shifts from 
Central to supportive. 

5662
05:13:21,100 --> 05:13:24,400
You accept this, you have done 
your part. 

5663
05:13:24,400 --> 05:13:27,800
The company does not need you as
much as it once did. 

5664
05:13:27,800 --> 05:13:32,800
This is Success, not failure. 
Younger playwrights, bring new 

5665
05:13:32,800 --> 05:13:35,800
energy. 
You support them, you offer 

5666
05:13:35,800 --> 05:13:38,600
guidance. 
When asked, Stepping back, feels

5667
05:13:38,600 --> 05:13:40,800
right? 
You have earned rest. 

5668
05:13:41,600 --> 05:13:44,700
The company will continue. 
You look back on the work with 

5669
05:13:44,700 --> 05:13:48,800
satisfaction not Pride. 
Plays exist. 

5670
05:13:48,800 --> 05:13:52,000
They are performed people. 
Enjoy them. 

5671
05:13:52,000 --> 05:13:55,400
That is enough. 
You do not need more than that. 

5672
05:13:55,400 --> 05:13:59,900
Pride would be an appropriate, 
you did your work, the work 

5673
05:13:59,900 --> 05:14:03,300
succeeded. 
That is all satisfaction. 

5674
05:14:03,300 --> 05:14:07,200
Is quieter than Pride. 
It is contentment with effort 

5675
05:14:07,200 --> 05:14:10,600
made and tasks completed. 
The plays Will Outlast you. 

5676
05:14:10,600 --> 05:14:14,300
This is Pleasant consider, but 
not essential you wrote them 

5677
05:14:14,300 --> 05:14:16,700
for. 
Now what happens after is not 

5678
05:14:16,700 --> 05:14:19,000
your concern, your habits 
remain. 

5679
05:14:19,000 --> 05:14:24,500
You walk you write you read, you
sit with others, you eat simple 

5680
05:14:24,500 --> 05:14:28,400
meals, you sleep, when tired, 
these patterns do not change, 

5681
05:14:28,400 --> 05:14:31,600
they are who you are. 
The habits of carry you through 

5682
05:14:31,600 --> 05:14:35,800
decades, they will carry you to 
the end your comfortable in your

5683
05:14:35,800 --> 05:14:38,500
routine. 
They fit you, like old clothes 

5684
05:14:38,500 --> 05:14:41,900
changes are necessary. 
The patterns work. 

5685
05:14:41,900 --> 05:14:45,200
Why alter them? 
You think about the future? 

5686
05:14:45,200 --> 05:14:49,700
Rarely you focus on the present?
There is work to do today. 

5687
05:14:49,700 --> 05:14:54,700
There are people to see there 
are tasks to complete the future

5688
05:14:54,700 --> 05:14:58,300
will arrive when it arrives, you
do not rush toward it. 

5689
05:14:58,300 --> 05:15:01,900
The future is abstract, the 
present is real. 

5690
05:15:03,000 --> 05:15:05,500
Planning too much for the future
distracts from living. 

5691
05:15:05,500 --> 05:15:09,900
Now you handle what needs 
handling you trust the rest to 

5692
05:15:09,900 --> 05:15:12,800
work itself. 
Out your relationships endure 

5693
05:15:12,800 --> 05:15:15,900
the people you have known for 
years are still part of your 

5694
05:15:15,900 --> 05:15:18,600
life. 
Some of deed others have moved 

5695
05:15:18,600 --> 05:15:22,700
away but many remain The 
continuity of friendship is 

5696
05:15:22,700 --> 05:15:25,500
comforting. 
Richard, Burbage is still acting

5697
05:15:25,500 --> 05:15:29,900
your daughter's, a grown Aniston
managing the household, the 

5698
05:15:29,900 --> 05:15:33,300
faces change over time, but some
remain constant. 

5699
05:15:33,300 --> 05:15:37,600
These constants Anki, you long 
friendships are deep. 

5700
05:15:37,600 --> 05:15:42,100
They require no explanation. 
Shared history speaks for 

5701
05:15:42,100 --> 05:15:44,700
itself. 
You do not seek Legacy 

5702
05:15:44,700 --> 05:15:47,100
consciously. 
You do not write to be 

5703
05:15:47,100 --> 05:15:49,500
remembered. 
You write because it is your 

5704
05:15:49,500 --> 05:15:52,700
work. 
Plays a created for the present 

5705
05:15:52,700 --> 05:15:55,200
for the audience is who come to 
see them now. 

5706
05:15:56,100 --> 05:15:58,100
What happens after is not your 
concern. 

5707
05:15:58,100 --> 05:16:02,400
Legacy is what others make of 
your work after you're gone, you

5708
05:16:02,400 --> 05:16:05,500
have no control over it. 
You write for the audience in 

5709
05:16:05,500 --> 05:16:08,900
front of you for the actors, you
know, for now. 

5710
05:16:09,700 --> 05:16:13,900
If the plays last, that is 
Pleasant, if they do not, you 

5711
05:16:13,900 --> 05:16:17,300
will not know. 
Either way you have done your 

5712
05:16:17,300 --> 05:16:21,900
work, your life has been steady 
not without hardship, but 

5713
05:16:21,900 --> 05:16:26,200
without catastrophe, you have 
worked, you have rested, you 

5714
05:16:26,200 --> 05:16:28,900
have maintained connections, you
are fulfilled. 

5715
05:16:28,900 --> 05:16:32,600
Responsibilities life is 
ordinary in many ways, but it is

5716
05:16:32,600 --> 05:16:35,500
so full. 
Hamlet's death was hard, 

5717
05:16:35,500 --> 05:16:38,600
financial worries, existed 
conflicts arose. 

5718
05:16:38,600 --> 05:16:42,600
But overall life has been stable
stability allowed, the work 

5719
05:16:42,600 --> 05:16:45,100
without it. 
You could not have produced so 

5720
05:16:45,100 --> 05:16:49,600
much fullness to not require 
drama a life of steady work and 

5721
05:16:49,600 --> 05:16:53,100
care as full The Quiet Moments 
matter. 

5722
05:16:53,100 --> 05:16:57,400
The walk through a field, the 
conversation with a friend, the 

5723
05:16:57,400 --> 05:17:00,300
owl was spent reading the night 
was spent sleeping. 

5724
05:17:00,300 --> 05:17:03,900
These are not the moments that 
make history but they are the 

5725
05:17:03,900 --> 05:17:06,800
moments that make a life history
records. 

5726
05:17:06,800 --> 05:17:10,800
The extraordinary life is built 
from the ordinary the small 

5727
05:17:10,800 --> 05:17:14,300
moments accumulate together. 
They are everything. 

5728
05:17:14,300 --> 05:17:18,200
You will not be remembered for 
walking through a field, but the

5729
05:17:18,200 --> 05:17:21,100
walking shaped who you were it 
shaped? 

5730
05:17:21,100 --> 05:17:24,900
What you wrote, you have 
observed much, you have written 

5731
05:17:24,900 --> 05:17:27,800
much, you have lived, a life of 
attention and Care. 

5732
05:17:27,800 --> 05:17:31,700
The work reflects this, the 
characters feel real because 

5733
05:17:31,700 --> 05:17:35,200
they're drawn from real 
observation, the language feels 

5734
05:17:35,200 --> 05:17:37,800
alive because it comes from a 
mind that has listened 

5735
05:17:37,800 --> 05:17:40,800
carefully. 
Tension is the foundation of 

5736
05:17:40,800 --> 05:17:43,600
good writing. 
You have paid attention for 

5737
05:17:43,600 --> 05:17:45,500
decades. 
The care. 

5738
05:17:45,500 --> 05:17:49,700
You take shows in the work, the 
Precision, the Nuance, the 

5739
05:17:49,700 --> 05:17:54,800
humanity, the life and the work 
are inseparable, the work Grew 

5740
05:17:54,800 --> 05:17:59,200
From the life, the life was 
shaped by the work, you continue

5741
05:17:59,200 --> 05:18:05,500
day, follows day work, follows, 
rest Seasons, turn you remaining

5742
05:18:05,500 --> 05:18:07,200
engaged with the world around 
you. 

5743
05:18:07,200 --> 05:18:13,600
You notice you remember you 
create the pattern continues, it

5744
05:18:13,600 --> 05:18:18,600
will continue until it cannot. 
Engagement is the key you remain

5745
05:18:18,600 --> 05:18:22,800
interested. 
Curious attentive as long as you

5746
05:18:22,800 --> 05:18:25,100
engage you are alive in the way 
that matters. 

5747
05:18:25,100 --> 05:18:29,400
Most life is not extraordinary. 
It is simply lived with 

5748
05:18:29,400 --> 05:18:32,600
consistency and purpose. 
This is enough. 

5749
05:18:32,600 --> 05:18:37,200
This is always been enough. 
Extraordinary lives are rare and

5750
05:18:37,200 --> 05:18:40,500
often tragic. 
Ordinary lives are common and 

5751
05:18:40,500 --> 05:18:44,100
often rich. 
You have lived consistently, you

5752
05:18:44,100 --> 05:18:47,300
have lived with purpose. 
These are achievements enough is

5753
05:18:47,300 --> 05:18:49,500
enough. 
You do not need to be more than 

5754
05:18:49,500 --> 05:18:51,900
you are. 
When the day ends, you prepare 

5755
05:18:51,900 --> 05:18:55,500
for sleep, you settle into bed, 
you let go of the day's 

5756
05:18:55,500 --> 05:18:58,200
concerned. 
Tomorrow, will come there will 

5757
05:18:58,200 --> 05:19:00,700
be more work, more walking, and 
more observations. 

5758
05:19:00,700 --> 05:19:05,300
But for now, you rest the day 
ends, the Night Comes sleep 

5759
05:19:05,300 --> 05:19:08,000
arrives. 
Tomorrow is another day the 

5760
05:19:08,100 --> 05:19:11,700
Button will repeat for now you 
rest, the work is done. 

5761
05:19:11,700 --> 05:19:16,200
The day is complete, the Rhythm 
continues, the life continues, 

5762
05:19:16,200 --> 05:19:19,100
the work continues. 
This is how it has always been. 

5763
05:19:19,100 --> 05:19:22,700
This is how it will. 
Remain, continuity is the 

5764
05:19:22,700 --> 05:19:26,500
deepest truth, Everything 
Changes slowly within an 

5765
05:19:26,500 --> 05:19:29,000
unchanging pattern the rhythm is
reliable. 

5766
05:19:29,000 --> 05:19:32,400
You trust it. 
It has carried you, this far. 

5767
05:19:32,400 --> 05:19:36,100
It will carry you to the end. 
And Beyond the end, the work 

5768
05:19:36,100 --> 05:19:40,500
will continue in other hands 
other voices, other times. 

5769
05:19:40,500 --> 05:19:45,500
But that is not your concern. 
Your concern is now this day, 

5770
05:19:45,500 --> 05:19:51,200
this moment this breath and so 
you rest and so the world 

5771
05:19:51,200 --> 05:20:01,100
continues and so The Story Goes 
On You've seen the paintings, 

5772
05:20:01,100 --> 05:20:03,900
have you? 
Those sweeping canvases where 

5773
05:20:03,900 --> 05:20:07,200
Pirates stand heroically at the 
helm, their coats billowing, 

5774
05:20:07,200 --> 05:20:10,500
inconvenient wins their ships, 
cutting cleanly through 

5775
05:20:10,500 --> 05:20:14,100
Cooperative Seas. 
The sunset always seems to hit 

5776
05:20:14,100 --> 05:20:17,300
just right, casting everything 
in Amber and gold. 

5777
05:20:17,300 --> 05:20:21,600
Even the Canon's look polished. 
These images settled into, 

5778
05:20:21,600 --> 05:20:25,200
popular imagination, like 
sediment, building up layers of 

5779
05:20:25,200 --> 05:20:29,500
misconception over centuries. 
By the time Hollywood added, its

5780
05:20:29,500 --> 05:20:33,100
own mythology, the distance 
between perception and Truth had

5781
05:20:33,100 --> 05:20:36,000
become a Chasm. 
Real pirate ships smelled 

5782
05:20:36,000 --> 05:20:39,400
nothing like the Ocean Spray and
Adventure your mind conjures. 

5783
05:20:39,400 --> 05:20:43,700
They smelled like bodies that 
hadn't bathed in months, like 

5784
05:20:43,700 --> 05:20:48,000
bilgewater thick with rat, 
droppings like salted meat going

5785
05:20:48,000 --> 05:20:50,400
quietly rancid in the tropical 
heat. 

5786
05:20:50,400 --> 05:20:53,400
The vessels themselves. 
Bore little resemblance to The 

5787
05:20:53,400 --> 05:20:57,400
Majestic ships of fiction. 
Most pirates operated from 

5788
05:20:57,400 --> 05:21:01,200
captured Merchant vessels, 
functional and glamorous work 

5789
05:21:01,200 --> 05:21:04,200
horses of the sea. 
These were not purpose-built 

5790
05:21:04,200 --> 05:21:07,200
warships with Grand figureheads 
and gleaming brass. 

5791
05:21:07,200 --> 05:21:11,400
They were reconfigured cargo 
Hall as their holds emptied of 

5792
05:21:11,400 --> 05:21:15,500
sugar or tobacco and hastily 
converted into living spaces for

5793
05:21:15,500 --> 05:21:19,800
cruise that offered over 100. 
Men your mental image probably 

5794
05:21:19,800 --> 05:21:23,100
includes a captain's quarter's 
filled with maps and mysterious 

5795
05:21:23,100 --> 05:21:26,000
instruments. 
Perhaps a compass mounted in 

5796
05:21:26,000 --> 05:21:29,300
polished wood. 
The reality was far more cramped

5797
05:21:29,300 --> 05:21:33,700
even successful pirate captains 
like Blackbeard or Bartholomew 

5798
05:21:33,700 --> 05:21:37,900
Roberts occupied spaces, barely 
larger than a modern walking 

5799
05:21:37,900 --> 05:21:40,800
closet. 
These rooms held everything 

5800
05:21:40,800 --> 05:21:44,200
needed for navigation, 
record-keeping and the 

5801
05:21:44,200 --> 05:21:46,800
uncomfortable business of 
maintaining authority over. 

5802
05:21:46,800 --> 05:21:51,700
Men who had explicitly rejected,
conventional hierarchy, the 

5803
05:21:51,700 --> 05:21:55,000
Romantic notion of pirates as 
freedom-seeking Rebels contains 

5804
05:21:55,000 --> 05:21:58,600
a grain of truth but it's a 
truth surrounded by a hard shell

5805
05:21:58,600 --> 05:22:02,100
of desperation. 
Most men turned to piracy not 

5806
05:22:02,100 --> 05:22:03,600
because they yearned for 
adventure. 

5807
05:22:03,600 --> 05:22:07,500
But because every other option 
looked worse, The Merchant 

5808
05:22:07,500 --> 05:22:10,600
Marine worked Sailors to 
exhaustion for wages that barely

5809
05:22:10,600 --> 05:22:14,000
covered survival. 
The Royal Navy was even more 

5810
05:22:14,000 --> 05:22:18,700
brutal with flocking for minor 
infractions and rationals, that 

5811
05:22:18,700 --> 05:22:22,000
would constitute criminal 
neglect by any Modern Standard. 

5812
05:22:22,000 --> 05:22:25,000
So yes. 
Piracy offered Freedom, the 

5813
05:22:25,000 --> 05:22:28,200
freedom to potentially die of 
disease, violence or drowning. 

5814
05:22:28,200 --> 05:22:31,800
But at least on your own terms 
it was the freedom of having 

5815
05:22:31,800 --> 05:22:35,200
nothing left to lose which is 
quite different from the freedom

5816
05:22:35,200 --> 05:22:38,100
you imagine while comfortable in
your bed, the tales that 

5817
05:22:38,100 --> 05:22:41,600
survived emphasized, the 
treasure the successful raids 

5818
05:22:41,600 --> 05:22:45,200
and the narrow Escape They 
didn't dwell on the weeks of 

5819
05:22:45,200 --> 05:22:49,600
tedious sailing between targets 
the constant hunger or the way 

5820
05:22:49,600 --> 05:22:52,500
tropical heat turned to below 
deck spaces into airless. 

5821
05:22:52,500 --> 05:22:56,200
Ovens history has a way of 
editing out the boring Parts, 

5822
05:22:56,200 --> 05:22:58,900
the uncomfortable parts and the 
parts. 

5823
05:22:58,900 --> 05:23:01,200
That would make terrible stories
at a Tavern. 

5824
05:23:01,200 --> 05:23:03,900
Even the treasure itself looked 
different than you'd think. 

5825
05:23:03,900 --> 05:23:06,900
Forget the overflowing chests of
gold to balloons. 

5826
05:23:06,900 --> 05:23:10,900
Most pirate plunder, consisted 
of practical, Goods, cloth, 

5827
05:23:10,900 --> 05:23:15,800
tools, food and medicine. 
These items could be sold or 

5828
05:23:15,800 --> 05:23:17,600
traded. 
But they didn't photograph well 

5829
05:23:17,600 --> 05:23:20,100
for history books. 
So, we remember the exceptions 

5830
05:23:20,100 --> 05:23:23,400
in stead of the rule. 
When pirates did capture actual 

5831
05:23:23,400 --> 05:23:26,100
currency it was usually divided 
immediately. 

5832
05:23:26,800 --> 05:23:28,600
No one, trusted anyone enough to
leave? 

5833
05:23:28,600 --> 05:23:32,800
Well City in a communal chest, 
the Democracy, that existed 

5834
05:23:32,800 --> 05:23:36,300
aboard, pirate ship's, and it 
did exist in a limited form. 

5835
05:23:36,300 --> 05:23:40,100
Wasn't the noble experiment, 
inequality, that summer count 

5836
05:23:40,100 --> 05:23:43,700
suggested, it was a practical 
necessity, born from Mutual 

5837
05:23:43,700 --> 05:23:46,900
distrust. 
When you've gathered together 

5838
05:23:46,900 --> 05:23:51,100
men willing to break every law 
of sea and state, you can't 

5839
05:23:51,100 --> 05:23:53,200
exactly govern through appeals 
to Authority. 

5840
05:23:54,500 --> 05:23:57,900
The articles that cruise signed 
the rules, their agreed to 

5841
05:23:57,908 --> 05:24:02,300
follow were contracts, written 
in self-interest enforced, by 

5842
05:24:02,300 --> 05:24:04,900
the knowledge that betrayal 
meant being marooned on some 

5843
05:24:04,900 --> 05:24:08,700
empty stretch of sand as you 
stand at the dock in Port Royal 

5844
05:24:08,700 --> 05:24:11,900
or Nassau preparing to board 
your pirate vessel for the first

5845
05:24:11,900 --> 05:24:14,900
time. 
Take one last look at Solid 

5846
05:24:14,900 --> 05:24:16,700
Ground. 
Breathe. 

5847
05:24:16,700 --> 05:24:19,600
The air that doesn't reach of 
unwashed humanity and spoiled 

5848
05:24:19,600 --> 05:24:23,100
provisions. 
In just a few hours, you'll 

5849
05:24:23,100 --> 05:24:25,700
understand why even the most 
desperate men, sometimes jump 

5850
05:24:25,700 --> 05:24:29,300
ship at the first opportunity. 
Choosing the uncertain mercy of 

5851
05:24:29,300 --> 05:24:31,000
a jungle island over another 
day. 

5852
05:24:31,000 --> 05:24:34,600
At Sea, the hatch leads down 
into darkness, that seems to 

5853
05:24:34,608 --> 05:24:38,300
have texture and thickness. 
Your eyes are just slowly 

5854
05:24:38,300 --> 05:24:42,000
revealing a space that triggers 
something Primal in your modern 

5855
05:24:42,000 --> 05:24:44,400
brain. 
The part that Rebels against 

5856
05:24:44,400 --> 05:24:48,500
confinement, that needs personal
space, like it needs oxygen. 

5857
05:24:49,400 --> 05:24:52,200
You're looking at the gun deck 
which doubles as living quarters

5858
05:24:52,200 --> 05:24:54,600
from most of the crew the 
ceiling. 

5859
05:24:54,600 --> 05:24:58,400
If you can call it that hang so 
low that you can't stand fully 

5860
05:24:58,400 --> 05:25:01,000
upright. 
You'll spend your time here in a

5861
05:25:01,008 --> 05:25:04,200
permanent crowd or Seated on 
whatever surface you can claim. 

5862
05:25:04,200 --> 05:25:08,400
Hammock swinging rows so close 
together that when one man turns

5863
05:25:08,400 --> 05:25:12,100
three others, feel it, There's 
no such thing as a private 

5864
05:25:12,100 --> 05:25:15,000
moment here. 
Sleep comes in fragments 

5865
05:25:15,000 --> 05:25:18,600
interrupted by someone's elbow 
in your ribs, someone else's 

5866
05:25:18,600 --> 05:25:23,300
feet in your face, the constant 
Symphony of snoring and coughing

5867
05:25:23,300 --> 05:25:26,100
and the wet sound of men 
spitting. 

5868
05:25:26,100 --> 05:25:29,100
Tobacco juice toward buckets, 
they can't see in the dark. 

5869
05:25:29,100 --> 05:25:32,800
You're a signed space amounts to
roughly the dimensions of a 

5870
05:25:32,800 --> 05:25:36,700
modern yoga mat. 
In this area, you'll sleep store

5871
05:25:36,700 --> 05:25:39,400
your possessions. 
If you have any an exist for 

5872
05:25:39,400 --> 05:25:41,400
whatever hours, you're not 
actively working. 

5873
05:25:43,000 --> 05:25:46,600
There are no lockers no Foot 
Lockers and nothing resembling 

5874
05:25:46,600 --> 05:25:50,000
storage. 
What you own you keep on your 

5875
05:25:50,000 --> 05:25:53,300
person or risk losing to the 
Casual theft that flows through 

5876
05:25:53,300 --> 05:25:56,700
the ship, like humidity. 
The air itself fills borrowed 

5877
05:25:56,700 --> 05:26:01,200
recycled through too many lungs.
In calm weather with the hatches

5878
05:26:01,200 --> 05:26:03,000
open. 
You get some circulation. 

5879
05:26:04,000 --> 05:26:06,900
But when storms blow in and 
everything must be battened down

5880
05:26:06,900 --> 05:26:10,300
the atmosphere below, deck 
transforms into something nearly

5881
05:26:10,300 --> 05:26:13,500
solid. 
Smell of unwashed body's mingles

5882
05:26:13,500 --> 05:26:17,100
with the sweet rocks, stench of 
the bilge, where water to 

5883
05:26:17,100 --> 05:26:20,100
Filthy, to be called water 
sloshes with every movement of 

5884
05:26:20,100 --> 05:26:24,000
the ship men vomit. 
Men, relieve themselves in 

5885
05:26:24,000 --> 05:26:27,200
buckets that don't always make 
it topside before spilling and 

5886
05:26:27,200 --> 05:26:28,700
Men. 
Bleed from injuries and 

5887
05:26:28,700 --> 05:26:32,100
infections that never quite heal
in this environment, the 

5888
05:26:32,100 --> 05:26:37,000
darkness rarely lift completely 
Candles and lanterns pose fire 

5889
05:26:37,000 --> 05:26:39,800
hazards that terrify even the 
bravest Pirates. 

5890
05:26:39,800 --> 05:26:45,100
So like below deck comes 
grudgingly in small measures you

5891
05:26:45,100 --> 05:26:48,900
navigate mostly by feel and 
memory learning the location of 

5892
05:26:48,900 --> 05:26:52,800
every beam that might crack your
skull and every protrusion that 

5893
05:26:52,800 --> 05:26:56,200
might catch your shins. 
Your body becomes a map of 

5894
05:26:56,200 --> 05:26:58,700
bruises. 
The deck Beneath You stays 

5895
05:26:58,700 --> 05:27:02,300
perpetually damp, Water seeps 
through the planking above, 

5896
05:27:02,300 --> 05:27:06,500
especially in Heavy Seas. 
The would never fully dries, 

5897
05:27:06,500 --> 05:27:09,600
never stops sweating, its 
moisture into the enclosed 

5898
05:27:09,600 --> 05:27:12,400
space. 
This wetness breeds mold that 

5899
05:27:12,400 --> 05:27:15,900
climbs the walls in abstract 
patterns fuzzy, colonies. 

5900
05:27:15,900 --> 05:27:18,700
That spread across any surface 
that stay still long enough. 

5901
05:27:18,700 --> 05:27:23,200
The mold gets into your clothes,
into your lungs, and into the 

5902
05:27:23,200 --> 05:27:27,200
bread that constitutes half your
diet, personal hygienic exists 

5903
05:27:27,200 --> 05:27:30,900
only as a concept, something 
remembered from life for sure. 

5904
05:27:31,900 --> 05:27:34,600
There's no fresh water for 
washing body's or clothes. 

5905
05:27:34,600 --> 05:27:38,700
The Saltwater alternative leaves
your skin sticky and your 

5906
05:27:38,700 --> 05:27:42,100
garments stiff. 
With dried brine men, develop 

5907
05:27:42,100 --> 05:27:45,600
their own particular odors 
signatures you learn to identify

5908
05:27:45,600 --> 05:27:49,200
in the dark. 
Some smell of sweat and tobacco,

5909
05:27:49,200 --> 05:27:52,200
others carry the sweetest scent 
of infection. 

5910
05:27:52,200 --> 05:27:56,900
The rot of teeth gone bad and 
the sour notes of digestive 

5911
05:27:56,900 --> 05:28:00,100
problems that plague anyone 
eating the ship standard fare 

5912
05:28:00,100 --> 05:28:04,500
privacy dissolves into something
quaint, a luxury from another 

5913
05:28:04,500 --> 05:28:08,600
life you urinate over the side. 
In full view of anyone, who 

5914
05:28:08,600 --> 05:28:12,700
cares to look, Defecation 
happens in the heads, small 

5915
05:28:12,700 --> 05:28:16,300
platforms that extend from the 
bow where you hang suspended 

5916
05:28:16,300 --> 05:28:18,900
over the ocean while waves 
Splash Up From Below. 

5917
05:28:19,900 --> 05:28:24,600
In rough weather using the heads
requires genuine, courage, men 

5918
05:28:24,600 --> 05:28:27,100
of have been washed overboard 
during these vulnerable moments.

5919
05:28:27,100 --> 05:28:30,900
And the crews laughed at such 
deaths, carries a nervous Edge 

5920
05:28:30,900 --> 05:28:33,700
and acknowledgment that it could
happen to anyone. 

5921
05:28:33,700 --> 05:28:38,000
The noises never stop. 
Would creeks and conversation 

5922
05:28:38,000 --> 05:28:41,300
with the sea a language of 
groans and shrieks as the ship 

5923
05:28:41,300 --> 05:28:45,700
flexes and bends ropes. 
Singing In The Wind sails crack 

5924
05:28:45,700 --> 05:28:49,600
like whips, when they catch 
gusts wrong water slaps, the 

5925
05:28:49,600 --> 05:28:51,600
hull in rhythms that change with
the weather. 

5926
05:28:52,500 --> 05:28:57,300
And Underneath It All the human 
sound coughing arguing and the 

5927
05:28:57,300 --> 05:29:00,000
occasional SOB from someone who 
hasn't yet learned to cry 

5928
05:29:00,000 --> 05:29:03,500
silently sleep. 
When it comes feels less, like 

5929
05:29:03,500 --> 05:29:06,500
rest and more like 
unconsciousness claimed by 

5930
05:29:06,500 --> 05:29:09,400
fours. 
Your body, learns to find 

5931
05:29:09,400 --> 05:29:12,800
whatever position, the hammer 
allows and learns to ignore the 

5932
05:29:12,800 --> 05:29:17,900
swaying that never fully stops. 
Dreams mix with reality and 

5933
05:29:17,900 --> 05:29:20,900
confusing ways. 
You wake uncertain, whether you 

5934
05:29:20,900 --> 05:29:25,200
actually slept or merely close 
your eyes for a few minutes, the

5935
05:29:25,200 --> 05:29:28,500
line between day and night blurs
into something measured only by 

5936
05:29:28,500 --> 05:29:33,000
shifts on Deck by the bells. 
That Mark the watches, your 

5937
05:29:33,000 --> 05:29:35,600
hammock itself becomes intensely
personal territory. 

5938
05:29:35,600 --> 05:29:39,500
The only thing in this crowded 
hell belongs exclusively to you.

5939
05:29:40,500 --> 05:29:42,500
Men of killed over hammock 
disputes. 

5940
05:29:42,500 --> 05:29:46,100
Overact accusations of theft 
regarding these simple pieces of

5941
05:29:46,100 --> 05:29:49,800
canvas. 
When not in use hammocks roll 

5942
05:29:49,800 --> 05:29:53,900
into tight bundles, that serve 
as pillows as seats or as any 

5943
05:29:53,900 --> 05:29:57,700
surface needed in the moment. 
They smell like, whoever lost 

5944
05:29:57,700 --> 05:30:01,700
slept in the, like, sweat and 
soul and the particular quality 

5945
05:30:01,700 --> 05:30:06,300
of Dreams had in impossible, 
circumstances the ship's cook a 

5946
05:30:06,300 --> 05:30:08,000
position. 
Usually give him to someone who 

5947
05:30:08,000 --> 05:30:10,600
injured for harder, labor 
presides over a galley. 

5948
05:30:10,600 --> 05:30:13,200
That wouldn't qualify as a 
kitchen in any modern sense. 

5949
05:30:14,000 --> 05:30:16,500
It's a fire contained in a 
brick-lined box. 

5950
05:30:16,500 --> 05:30:21,000
Jealously guarded, never quite 
trusted around this Flame, the 

5951
05:30:21,000 --> 05:30:25,400
entire cruise nutrition revolves
and depressing, circles your 

5952
05:30:25,400 --> 05:30:27,800
breakfast. 
If you can call it that consists

5953
05:30:27,800 --> 05:30:31,600
of hard tack and whatever liquid
might be available. the hardtack

5954
05:30:31,600 --> 05:30:35,400
arrives as thick squares of 
baked flour and water designed 

5955
05:30:35,400 --> 05:30:39,700
to last for months without 
spoiling This longevity comes at

5956
05:30:39,700 --> 05:30:42,700
a cost. 
The biscuits emerge from Storage

5957
05:30:42,700 --> 05:30:46,500
hard, enough to crack teeth, 
permeated with weevils that add 

5958
05:30:46,500 --> 05:30:49,900
unexpected protein. 
You learn to tap them against 

5959
05:30:49,900 --> 05:30:53,800
the table, first to dislodge the
larger insects but the eggs and 

5960
05:30:53,808 --> 05:30:55,900
larvae remain baked into the 
structure. 

5961
05:30:56,800 --> 05:30:59,200
Eventually you stop checking the
choice. 

5962
05:30:59,200 --> 05:31:02,400
Become simple eat. 
The weevils will go hungry the 

5963
05:31:02,400 --> 05:31:04,700
technique for consuming heart 
attack evolves through 

5964
05:31:04,700 --> 05:31:08,600
necessity. some men, soak it in 
whatever beverage they possess 

5965
05:31:08,600 --> 05:31:13,200
beer when available increasingly
stale water as the voyage Wars 

5966
05:31:13,200 --> 05:31:17,200
on The soaking, softens the 
biscuit, into something 

5967
05:31:17,200 --> 05:31:21,700
chewable, but transforms the 
texture into a pace that is gray

5968
05:31:21,700 --> 05:31:25,800
and uninviting. 
Others prefer to Nora at it dry 

5969
05:31:25,800 --> 05:31:29,900
working their way through like 
beavers attacking a particularly

5970
05:31:29,900 --> 05:31:33,900
stubborn log. 
The process takes time provides 

5971
05:31:33,900 --> 05:31:37,400
something to do during empty 
hours and keeps the jaw occupied

5972
05:31:37,400 --> 05:31:41,300
if not satisfied. 
Midday brings the main meal a 

5973
05:31:41,300 --> 05:31:44,600
generous term for what arrives 
in your bowl salt pork forms, 

5974
05:31:44,600 --> 05:31:48,100
the foundation of this Feast 
meat preserved in brine so 

5975
05:31:48,100 --> 05:31:50,300
concentrated it would stop a 
modern heart. 

5976
05:31:51,200 --> 05:31:54,400
The preservation Works 
technically the pork doesn't rot

5977
05:31:54,400 --> 05:31:57,708
in the traditional sense instead
it achieves a kind of 

5978
05:31:57,716 --> 05:32:01,400
immortality becoming something 
that resembles meat in only the 

5979
05:32:01,400 --> 05:32:05,400
most abstract way. 
The salt content requires 

5980
05:32:05,400 --> 05:32:09,700
dilution but fresh water is too 
precious to waste on making food

5981
05:32:09,700 --> 05:32:13,700
palatable you eated as is each 
bite and assault on your taste 

5982
05:32:13,700 --> 05:32:16,000
buds your body crying out for 
any flavor. 

5983
05:32:16,000 --> 05:32:19,700
That isn't salt the cook boils 
the pork with dried peas when 

5984
05:32:19,700 --> 05:32:23,300
Supply is allow creating a stew 
that achieves a consistency 

5985
05:32:23,300 --> 05:32:25,300
somewhere between liquid and 
solid. 

5986
05:32:26,100 --> 05:32:29,900
Chunks of meat or what used to 
be meat floating gray water 

5987
05:32:29,900 --> 05:32:34,300
alongside peas that refused to 
fully soften no matter how long 

5988
05:32:34,300 --> 05:32:37,100
they boil. 
Sometimes onions make an 

5989
05:32:37,100 --> 05:32:41,100
appearance precious additions 
from the last port already 

5990
05:32:41,100 --> 05:32:43,600
sprouting green shoots in their 
storage Nets. 

5991
05:32:44,300 --> 05:32:48,000
These vegetables, get added hole
and remove the same way, 

5992
05:32:48,000 --> 05:32:51,200
flavoring the broth without 
actually being consumed. 

5993
05:32:51,900 --> 05:32:55,300
They'll be used again tomorrow, 
and the day after until they 

5994
05:32:55,300 --> 05:32:57,800
dissolve into the general 
nutritional sadness. 

5995
05:32:57,800 --> 05:33:00,200
Protein variety comes from 
whatever. 

5996
05:33:00,200 --> 05:33:03,900
The sea provides flying fish. 
Sometimes land on Deck, 

5997
05:33:03,900 --> 05:33:07,300
overnight gifts, you collect 
Dawn and eat raw or barely 

5998
05:33:07,300 --> 05:33:09,900
cooked. 
They taste like anything other 

5999
05:33:09,900 --> 05:33:15,600
than salt pork, which makes them
delicious by default. in 

6000
05:33:15,600 --> 05:33:18,900
tropical waters, larger caches 
occasionally supplement, the 

6001
05:33:18,900 --> 05:33:24,500
diet Gerardo tuna and shark when
desperate But fishing requires 

6002
05:33:24,500 --> 05:33:29,000
time, the crew rarely has, and 
storms can last for days without

6003
05:33:29,000 --> 05:33:32,300
allowing anyone to cast a line, 
the drinking situation 

6004
05:33:32,300 --> 05:33:36,100
deteriorates, faster than the 
food ships, carry water in, 

6005
05:33:36,100 --> 05:33:38,200
wooden barrels that leak and 
breed algae. 

6006
05:33:38,900 --> 05:33:42,500
Freshwater turns green within 
weeks developing a taste. 

6007
05:33:42,500 --> 05:33:45,700
The preparation can't eliminate 
You drink it anyway. 

6008
05:33:45,700 --> 05:33:48,600
Holding your breath, trying not 
to think about what your 

6009
05:33:48,600 --> 05:33:51,500
swallowing. 
Beer last longer, the alcohol, 

6010
05:33:51,500 --> 05:33:54,900
providing some protection 
against contamination, but beer 

6011
05:33:54,900 --> 05:33:56,800
requires space, that could hold 
other cargo. 

6012
05:33:57,700 --> 05:34:01,200
Most Crews run out within the 
first month at Sea when the beer

6013
05:34:01,200 --> 05:34:04,600
vanishes and the water becomes 
truly undrinkable, you face 

6014
05:34:04,600 --> 05:34:06,500
choices. 
That would horrify your modern 

6015
05:34:06,500 --> 05:34:10,000
self. 
Some men drink seawater, knowing

6016
05:34:10,000 --> 05:34:13,200
it will kill them, slowly 
preferring slow, death to the 

6017
05:34:13,200 --> 05:34:17,200
torture of thirst. 
Others catch rainwater in sales 

6018
05:34:17,200 --> 05:34:20,800
and buckets drinking it. 
Tepid and tasting of canvas 

6019
05:34:20,800 --> 05:34:23,900
grateful for anything that 
doesn't burn the throat going 

6020
05:34:23,900 --> 05:34:27,000
down. 
The lucky ships capture prizes 

6021
05:34:27,000 --> 05:34:30,300
that include fresh Provisions, 
briefly interrupting the 

6022
05:34:30,300 --> 05:34:33,700
downward spiral into 
malnutrition, scurvy arrives. 

6023
05:34:33,700 --> 05:34:36,900
Like a quiet passenger boarding 
with the crew but making its 

6024
05:34:36,900 --> 05:34:40,400
presence known only gradually. 
Your gums begin to bleed. 

6025
05:34:40,400 --> 05:34:44,000
When you bite the hardtack, your
skin bruises at the slightest, 

6026
05:34:44,000 --> 05:34:48,400
touch, purple flowers, blooming 
across your arms and legs Old 

6027
05:34:48,400 --> 05:34:53,100
Wounds, reopen, refusing to heal
teeth loosen in their sockets. 

6028
05:34:53,100 --> 05:34:56,400
And you learn to chew, 
carefully, afraid of swallowing.

6029
05:34:56,400 --> 05:34:57,900
Something that should stay 
attached. 

6030
05:34:58,800 --> 05:35:02,200
The Cure exists. 
Citrus fruit, fresh, vegetables.

6031
05:35:02,200 --> 05:35:04,800
Anything containing What We Now 
call Vitamin C? 

6032
05:35:04,800 --> 05:35:08,500
But knowledge doesn't equal 
access and ships at Sea have? 

6033
05:35:08,500 --> 05:35:11,600
No green grosses. 
The cycle weight of food 

6034
05:35:11,600 --> 05:35:13,200
monotony, shouldn't be 
underestimated. 

6035
05:35:14,400 --> 05:35:16,500
Humans. 
Crave Variety in their diet, the

6036
05:35:16,500 --> 05:35:22,300
way they crave air and water. 
Same meal day after day week 

6037
05:35:22,300 --> 05:35:25,400
after week becomes a form of 
sensory deprivation. 

6038
05:35:26,300 --> 05:35:30,000
Your mind Rebels against it, but
your body needs fuel. 

6039
05:35:30,000 --> 05:35:34,200
So you eat The ACT transforms 
from pleasure into purely 

6040
05:35:34,200 --> 05:35:37,900
mechanical necessity. 
You shovel the tasteless protein

6041
05:35:37,900 --> 05:35:42,100
into your mouth swallow without 
savoring and count it as another

6042
05:35:42,100 --> 05:35:46,200
small victory that you survived 
to eat again, successful raids, 

6043
05:35:46,200 --> 05:35:49,300
bring temporary relief. 
Captured ships sometimes carry 

6044
05:35:49,300 --> 05:35:54,000
Delicacies sugar rice, proper 
bread, that hasn't fossilized. 

6045
05:35:54,000 --> 05:35:56,900
And alcohol in varieties Beyond 
basic beer. 

6046
05:35:57,800 --> 05:36:00,900
These prizes, get consumed 
immediately, crew members 

6047
05:36:00,900 --> 05:36:03,900
gorging themselves, sick, after 
months of deprivation. 

6048
05:36:03,900 --> 05:36:07,900
There's no saving for later. 
No, rationing for sensible 

6049
05:36:07,900 --> 05:36:10,800
distribution. 
The psychology of scarcity 

6050
05:36:10,800 --> 05:36:15,500
overrides reason you eat because
it is there because tomorrow it 

6051
05:36:15,500 --> 05:36:18,700
won't be because this might be 
your only chance to taste 

6052
05:36:18,700 --> 05:36:21,700
something that doesn't make you 
hate, the activating the bell 

6053
05:36:21,700 --> 05:36:24,500
sounds at 4 in the morning, 
pulling you from whatever 

6054
05:36:24,500 --> 05:36:28,700
half-sleep, you manage to 
achieve, Your watch begins now. 

6055
05:36:29,500 --> 05:36:33,300
Four hours of Labor before a 
brief respite, then four more 

6056
05:36:33,308 --> 05:36:35,900
hours. 
This Rhythm continues without 

6057
05:36:35,900 --> 05:36:39,100
pause without weekends without 
holidays. 

6058
05:36:39,900 --> 05:36:44,600
The sea recognizes no Sabbath 
your hands soft and uncalled at 

6059
05:36:44,608 --> 05:36:46,700
the start transformed within 
days. 

6060
05:36:46,700 --> 05:36:50,300
Ropework tears. 
The skin from your palms leaving

6061
05:36:50,300 --> 05:36:53,200
raw patches that crack and bleed
with each new task. 

6062
05:36:54,000 --> 05:36:57,000
The hemp lines that control the 
sails way more than you expect 

6063
05:36:57,000 --> 05:37:01,300
made heavier by spray and rain. 
Hauling them requires the 

6064
05:37:01,308 --> 05:37:03,200
coordinated effort of multiple 
men. 

6065
05:37:03,200 --> 05:37:06,900
Everyone pulling in Rhythm 
shoulders straining and backs 

6066
05:37:06,900 --> 05:37:10,600
protesting the sales themselves 
demand constant attention. 

6067
05:37:10,600 --> 05:37:15,300
They tearing storms develop weak
spots from Sonic exposure and 

6068
05:37:15,300 --> 05:37:17,300
required patches and repairs 
that happen. 

6069
05:37:17,300 --> 05:37:20,400
A loft swaying on yards, high 
above the deck. 

6070
05:37:21,300 --> 05:37:24,900
You climb the ratlines Rope, 
ladders, that lead up the masked

6071
05:37:24,900 --> 05:37:29,600
with hands that shake from 
exhaustion and fear. the higher 

6072
05:37:29,600 --> 05:37:33,400
you go, the more the ship's 
movement, amplifies, What feels 

6073
05:37:33,400 --> 05:37:37,000
like gentle rolling a deck level
becomes violent swinging at the 

6074
05:37:37,000 --> 05:37:40,500
cross trees, you hook your 
elbows through the rigging, use 

6075
05:37:40,500 --> 05:37:43,200
your thighs to grip the yard and
try to thread a needle with 

6076
05:37:43,200 --> 05:37:46,300
fingers that won't stop. 
Trembling pumping the bilge 

6077
05:37:46,300 --> 05:37:50,300
ranks among the worst regular 
duties water, constantly seeps 

6078
05:37:50,300 --> 05:37:54,000
into the ships lowest point 
mixing with waste and creating a

6079
05:37:54,000 --> 05:37:56,200
soup that must be removed to 
prevent the vessel from 

6080
05:37:56,200 --> 05:38:00,100
foundering. 
The pump handles require two men

6081
05:38:00,100 --> 05:38:04,200
working in tandem pushing and 
pulling in a rhythm that must be

6082
05:38:04,208 --> 05:38:07,700
maintained for hours. 
The smell that rises from below 

6083
05:38:07,700 --> 05:38:13,000
defies, description, human 
waste, rotting food, dead, rats,

6084
05:38:13,000 --> 05:38:16,900
all of it, marinating in 
saltwater, and darkness, You 

6085
05:38:16,900 --> 05:38:19,400
breathe through your mouth which
helps until you taste, what? 

6086
05:38:19,400 --> 05:38:23,100
Your smelling scraping Barnacles
and Marine growth from the hull 

6087
05:38:23,100 --> 05:38:24,900
happens. 
Whenever the ship beaches for 

6088
05:38:24,900 --> 05:38:27,800
creating. 
The Vessel must be tilted on its

6089
05:38:27,800 --> 05:38:31,100
side, exposing the underwater 
surface to Air and sunlight. 

6090
05:38:32,100 --> 05:38:35,700
You wade into the surf with 
scrapers attacking the layers of

6091
05:38:35,700 --> 05:38:39,900
accumulated life, that slow the 
ship's progress Barnacles cut, 

6092
05:38:39,900 --> 05:38:45,100
like razors your shins and 
forearms collect new scars, thin

6093
05:38:45,100 --> 05:38:49,000
lines that burn with salt 
exposure, the work continues 

6094
05:38:49,000 --> 05:38:53,700
until every inch of Hull gleams 
relatively clean A process that 

6095
05:38:53,708 --> 05:38:56,300
takes days and leaves, you 
wondering if piracy might 

6096
05:38:56,300 --> 05:38:59,400
actually be easier than 
legitimate sailing maintenance. 

6097
05:38:59,400 --> 05:39:01,700
Never ends because Decay never 
stops. 

6098
05:39:01,700 --> 05:39:06,200
Salt are corrodes metal. 
Requiring constant rust removal 

6099
05:39:06,200 --> 05:39:10,400
and oiling wood, dries and 
splits needing tar and caulking 

6100
05:39:10,400 --> 05:39:12,300
to maintain water tight 
integrity. 

6101
05:39:13,000 --> 05:39:17,300
Ropes, Fray and must be replaced
or spliced sales were thin and 

6102
05:39:17,300 --> 05:39:20,600
require patching. 
Ship exists in a state of 

6103
05:39:20,600 --> 05:39:23,200
controlled deterioration and 
your labor. 

6104
05:39:23,200 --> 05:39:27,000
Simply slows, the inevitable 
collapse standing watch involves

6105
05:39:27,000 --> 05:39:30,700
more than passive observation, 
your expected to spot other 

6106
05:39:30,700 --> 05:39:34,100
vessels before they spot you to 
notice changes in weather. 

6107
05:39:34,100 --> 05:39:37,600
While this still time to react 
and to hear anything unusual in 

6108
05:39:37,600 --> 05:39:42,600
the ship's constant voice, this 
requires a kind of meditation, a

6109
05:39:42,600 --> 05:39:45,500
sustained attention that fights 
against boredom and exhaustion. 

6110
05:39:46,300 --> 05:39:49,500
Your eyes, scan the Horizon and 
patterns looking for The 

6111
05:39:49,500 --> 05:39:51,800
Telltale Interruption of a 
distant sale. 

6112
05:39:51,800 --> 05:39:56,100
The dark line that indicates an 
approaching School loading and 

6113
05:39:56,100 --> 05:39:59,400
securing cargo whether a 
legitimate Goods or plunder 

6114
05:39:59,400 --> 05:40:02,300
demands knowledge of weight 
distribution and balance. 

6115
05:40:03,200 --> 05:40:07,100
Stack it wrong and the ship 
lists dangerously, tie it down 

6116
05:40:07,100 --> 05:40:09,900
in properly and it shifts in 
rough Seas. 

6117
05:40:09,900 --> 05:40:13,700
Potentially punching through the
hole from inside, you learn 

6118
05:40:13,700 --> 05:40:17,300
these lessons by watching by 
listening to men, with Decades 

6119
05:40:17,300 --> 05:40:20,400
of experience, and by 
occasionally making mistakes 

6120
05:40:20,400 --> 05:40:24,100
that result in injuries and 
screamed Corrections combat, 

6121
05:40:24,100 --> 05:40:27,600
when it comes brings, its own 
exhausting, demands preparing 

6122
05:40:27,600 --> 05:40:29,300
the ship. 
For battle means clearing the 

6123
05:40:29,300 --> 05:40:31,800
decks of anything that might 
become a projectile. 

6124
05:40:31,800 --> 05:40:36,500
When hit wetting down, surfaces 
to prevent fire, Distributing, 

6125
05:40:36,500 --> 05:40:40,700
weapons, and loading cannons. 
The actual fighting last minute,

6126
05:40:40,700 --> 05:40:45,200
but requires hours of setup and 
potentially days of recovery. 

6127
05:40:46,400 --> 05:40:50,200
The guns themselves weigh tons 
their recoil controlled by ropes

6128
05:40:50,200 --> 05:40:51,600
that must be maintained and 
checked. 

6129
05:40:52,400 --> 05:40:55,600
Firing them requires, precise 
choreography, swap. 

6130
05:40:55,600 --> 05:40:58,400
The barrel. 
Load the powder rabbit home have

6131
05:40:58,400 --> 05:41:01,700
the shot Prime, the touch hole 
aim, as well as a moving 

6132
05:41:01,700 --> 05:41:05,100
platform allows fire and 
immediately begin the sequence. 

6133
05:41:05,100 --> 05:41:08,600
Again while smoke obscures 
everything and noises damages 

6134
05:41:08,600 --> 05:41:12,000
your hearing permanently Few 
hours between watches, don't 

6135
05:41:12,000 --> 05:41:16,000
provide true, rest your expected
to help with whatever emergency 

6136
05:41:16,000 --> 05:41:20,900
arises, all hands to shorten 
sale in a sudden storm everyone 

6137
05:41:20,900 --> 05:41:25,100
to the pumps when a leaks brings
and the full crew to chase down 

6138
05:41:25,100 --> 05:41:28,900
a potential prize. 
Sleep become something stolen in

6139
05:41:28,908 --> 05:41:33,200
small increments, never quite 
enough, never quite deep enough 

6140
05:41:33,200 --> 05:41:37,300
to truly restore your depleted 
reserves your body adapts. 

6141
05:41:37,300 --> 05:41:42,200
Because it must Muscles develop 
in strange patterns over 

6142
05:41:42,200 --> 05:41:45,200
developed in your arms and 
shoulders and strong in your 

6143
05:41:45,208 --> 05:41:49,100
core from constant balance 
adjustments. you lose weight, 

6144
05:41:49,100 --> 05:41:52,600
despite the physical labor 
because the food can't match the

6145
05:41:52,600 --> 05:41:57,600
caloric expenditure your face 
becomes weathered skin darkening

6146
05:41:57,600 --> 05:42:02,000
and roughening under constant 
sun and salt spray You age years

6147
05:42:02,000 --> 05:42:06,800
in months, the work literally 
wearing you down grinding away 

6148
05:42:06,800 --> 05:42:09,600
at your physical reserves like 
waves against Rock. 

6149
05:42:09,600 --> 05:42:12,500
The barometer drops though, most
crew members don't need 

6150
05:42:12,500 --> 05:42:16,700
instruments to sense the change.
The air gains weight pressing 

6151
05:42:16,700 --> 05:42:19,700
against your skin in ways that 
trigger ancient warnings. 

6152
05:42:20,700 --> 05:42:24,300
Birds vanish from the sky. 
The water takes on a strange 

6153
05:42:24,300 --> 05:42:26,900
flatness. 
An oily quality. 

6154
05:42:26,900 --> 05:42:31,300
That precedes chaos. 
When the storm hits it arrives 

6155
05:42:31,300 --> 05:42:35,000
with personality with what feels
like deliberate malice. 

6156
05:42:35,000 --> 05:42:38,800
When screams through the 
rigging, a sound that drowns out

6157
05:42:38,800 --> 05:42:43,000
shouted orders, you watch men's 
mouths move without hearing 

6158
05:42:43,000 --> 05:42:46,900
words, responding to gestures 
and long practiced routine. 

6159
05:42:47,600 --> 05:42:50,200
The deck Beneath Your Feet tilts
at angles, that seemed 

6160
05:42:50,200 --> 05:42:53,600
impossible that should capsize 
The Vessel but somehow don't 

6161
05:42:53,600 --> 05:42:58,100
waves no longer look like water.
They become moving walls, dark 

6162
05:42:58,100 --> 05:43:01,600
mountains, that rise beside the 
ship, their peaks torn into 

6163
05:43:01,600 --> 05:43:03,800
spray by the wind. 
One moment. 

6164
05:43:03,800 --> 05:43:07,300
You're in a valley between 
swells, surrounded by water on 

6165
05:43:07,300 --> 05:43:10,200
all sides. 
Unable to see anything but 

6166
05:43:10,200 --> 05:43:13,100
ocean. 
The next moment, the ship climbs

6167
05:43:13,100 --> 05:43:16,800
and you glimpse a horizon that 
curves wrong that shows you how 

6168
05:43:16,800 --> 05:43:18,800
small and temporary your wooden 
world really. 

6169
05:43:18,800 --> 05:43:21,700
Is the rain doesn't fall it 
attacks. 

6170
05:43:21,700 --> 05:43:25,300
Horizontally each drop hitting 
like a tiny fist. 

6171
05:43:26,200 --> 05:43:29,700
Your soaked instantly and the 
water temperature depends 

6172
05:43:29,700 --> 05:43:31,700
entirely on what ocean your 
Crossing. 

6173
05:43:32,600 --> 05:43:36,700
Tropical storms drench you in 
bath, warm rain, that provides 

6174
05:43:36,700 --> 05:43:40,700
no relief from the Heat. 
Northern tempests, introduce you

6175
05:43:40,700 --> 05:43:44,300
to cold that penetrates through 
clothes and skin settling into 

6176
05:43:44,300 --> 05:43:47,200
your bones. 
Making your hands too, stiff to 

6177
05:43:47,200 --> 05:43:49,500
properly grip, the lines. 
You're supposed to be managing 

6178
05:43:49,500 --> 05:43:51,700
below deck becomes 
uninhabitable. 

6179
05:43:52,800 --> 05:43:55,500
Ship's motion transforms from 
rocking to Violent. 

6180
05:43:55,500 --> 05:43:58,500
Thrashing. 
Hammock swing wildly throwing 

6181
05:43:58,500 --> 05:44:02,500
men against walls in each other.
Anyone with a weak stomach and 

6182
05:44:02,500 --> 05:44:05,800
that's most people in conditions
like this vomits until they have

6183
05:44:05,800 --> 05:44:09,600
nothing left, then continues 
with dry heaves, that crack 

6184
05:44:09,600 --> 05:44:12,600
ribs. 
The smell of sick, mixes with 

6185
05:44:12,600 --> 05:44:15,900
the general stench, adding 
another layer to an already 

6186
05:44:15,900 --> 05:44:19,600
unbearable atmosphere. 
You choose to stay top side, 

6187
05:44:19,600 --> 05:44:22,400
despite the danger, because at 
least there you can breathe. 

6188
05:44:22,400 --> 05:44:24,900
Securing yourself becomes 
Paramount. 

6189
05:44:25,800 --> 05:44:28,600
Safety lines, get rid of the 
deck and you clip in with 

6190
05:44:28,600 --> 05:44:32,600
whatever, you can find a rope 
around your waist a quick knot 

6191
05:44:32,600 --> 05:44:35,900
that you pray holds. 
Men, who don't take this 

6192
05:44:35,900 --> 05:44:39,500
seriously disappear over the 
side there, one moment and gone,

6193
05:44:39,500 --> 05:44:43,200
the next swallowed, by the dark 
water, without ceremony or 

6194
05:44:43,200 --> 05:44:46,600
chance of rescue. 
The C doesn't return, bodies in 

6195
05:44:46,608 --> 05:44:50,700
these conditions, it keeps What 
It Takes the sales must come 

6196
05:44:50,700 --> 05:44:54,400
down before they shred or worse,
before they drive the ship 

6197
05:44:54,400 --> 05:44:57,200
under. 
Furling canvas in a storm 

6198
05:44:57,200 --> 05:45:00,900
requires climbing into 
conditions that test sanity, the

6199
05:45:00,900 --> 05:45:03,900
wind tries to pluck you from the
rigging like fruit from a tree, 

6200
05:45:03,900 --> 05:45:08,400
the sail fabric whips and cracks
capable of breaking bones. 

6201
05:45:08,400 --> 05:45:11,600
If it catches you wrong, you 
work with hands, that have no 

6202
05:45:11,600 --> 05:45:16,300
feeling left fingers, moving on 
autopsy instincts, muscle memory

6203
05:45:16,300 --> 05:45:19,000
executing tasks. 
Your conscious mind is too 

6204
05:45:19,000 --> 05:45:22,900
terrified to direct lightning 
turns night into day and 

6205
05:45:22,900 --> 05:45:26,400
stuttering intervals. 
Each flash revealing the chaos 

6206
05:45:26,400 --> 05:45:30,900
and Stark detail men, struggling
with ropes officers, pointing 

6207
05:45:30,900 --> 05:45:34,300
towards some new crisis, water 
washing across the deck in 

6208
05:45:34,300 --> 05:45:36,400
quantities. 
That seem impossible to drain 

6209
05:45:36,400 --> 05:45:40,400
before the next wave arrives. 
The Thunder follows close enough

6210
05:45:40,400 --> 05:45:44,000
that you feel it in your chest a
physical force that competes 

6211
05:45:44,000 --> 05:45:47,700
with the Wind For dominance the 
ship's Timbers, scream under the

6212
05:45:47,700 --> 05:45:50,700
stress. 
He hear them flex and groan 

6213
05:45:50,700 --> 05:45:53,200
sounds that suggest imminent 
breakup. 

6214
05:45:54,000 --> 05:45:56,300
That make you certain. 
This is the wave that finally 

6215
05:45:56,300 --> 05:45:58,700
does it. 
The one that cracks the spine 

6216
05:45:58,700 --> 05:46:02,000
and sends everyone down. 
But the vessel holds together 

6217
05:46:02,000 --> 05:46:04,600
through engineering, you don't 
understand through 

6218
05:46:04,600 --> 05:46:08,000
craftsmanship, you've never 
properly appreciated and through

6219
05:46:08,008 --> 05:46:11,500
what starts to feel like 
Supernatural stubbornness, how 

6220
05:46:11,500 --> 05:46:13,400
has passed without any sense of 
time. 

6221
05:46:13,400 --> 05:46:18,000
You work you survive and you 
work some more exhaustion 

6222
05:46:18,000 --> 05:46:21,700
becomes absolute, a state 
Beyond, tiredness beyond 

6223
05:46:21,700 --> 05:46:23,800
anything. 
You've previously experienced 

6224
05:46:24,500 --> 05:46:26,800
Your body operates on some 
Reserve fuel. 

6225
05:46:26,800 --> 05:46:30,200
You didn't know existed drawing 
from stores that will leave you 

6226
05:46:30,208 --> 05:46:34,100
depleted for days afterward, 
when the storm finally passes, 

6227
05:46:34,100 --> 05:46:38,600
and they always do eventually 
the world looks scraped clean 

6228
05:46:38,600 --> 05:46:42,600
Raw. 
The sea settles into swells that

6229
05:46:42,600 --> 05:46:44,500
would terrify you in normal 
times. 

6230
05:46:44,500 --> 05:46:46,900
But now seem gentle by 
comparison. 

6231
05:46:48,000 --> 05:46:51,900
Sunlight returns with obscene 
cheerfulness, Illuminating, the 

6232
05:46:51,900 --> 05:46:54,000
damage that must be assessed and
repaired. 

6233
05:46:54,000 --> 05:46:58,600
The deck is littered with 
debris, torn wrote, broken spas,

6234
05:46:58,600 --> 05:47:02,300
and sometimes personal items 
that belong to men who are no 

6235
05:47:02,300 --> 05:47:05,900
longer aboard, the human cost 
reveals itself in the aftermath 

6236
05:47:05,900 --> 05:47:10,300
you count faces realize whose 
missing and try not to think too

6237
05:47:10,300 --> 05:47:14,500
hard about the gaps in the crew.
Injury surface is adrenaline, 

6238
05:47:14,500 --> 05:47:19,400
Fades broken bones, deep cuts 
and burns from ropes, that move 

6239
05:47:19,400 --> 05:47:22,000
too fast. 
Ship surgeon. 

6240
05:47:22,000 --> 05:47:25,300
If you have one, makes his 
rounds with the limited supplies

6241
05:47:25,300 --> 05:47:28,900
available doing what he can, 
which often amounts to Simply 

6242
05:47:28,900 --> 05:47:31,500
confirming that someone will 
probably survive, or definitely 

6243
05:47:31,500 --> 05:47:34,500
won't you sleep, then wherever 
you collapse. 

6244
05:47:34,500 --> 05:47:38,200
The deck works fine, a coil of 
rope becomes a pillow. 

6245
05:47:38,200 --> 05:47:42,400
Your body doesn't care about 
Comfort or propriety it demands 

6246
05:47:42,400 --> 05:47:44,600
unconsciousness and takes it by 
force. 

6247
05:47:44,600 --> 05:47:48,900
Toilets showers clean water 
flowing from taps. 

6248
05:47:49,600 --> 05:47:52,700
These conveniences exist in your
memory but nowhere in your 

6249
05:47:52,700 --> 05:47:55,300
current reality. 
The morning routine. 

6250
05:47:55,300 --> 05:47:59,100
You took for granted dissolves 
into crude approximation you 

6251
05:47:59,100 --> 05:48:01,200
wake with a mouth. 
That tastes like something died 

6252
05:48:01,200 --> 05:48:04,300
in it. 
Teeth coated in film and gums, 

6253
05:48:04,300 --> 05:48:06,600
tender from the beginning stages
of scurvy. 

6254
05:48:07,500 --> 05:48:11,200
There's no toothbrush. 
No toothpaste, and no mouthwash.

6255
05:48:12,100 --> 05:48:14,900
Some men chew on frayed rope 
ends to clean their teeth. 

6256
05:48:14,900 --> 05:48:18,600
He practiced that removes some 
debris while adding interesting 

6257
05:48:18,600 --> 05:48:22,900
Splinter's bathing happens in 
the ocean if at all you strip 

6258
05:48:22,900 --> 05:48:25,600
down and jump overboard when the
ship has become and the water 

6259
05:48:25,600 --> 05:48:29,400
looks relatively short free. 
The Saltwater leaves, your skin 

6260
05:48:29,400 --> 05:48:32,700
sticky in your hair stiff, but 
at least you've removed some of 

6261
05:48:32,708 --> 05:48:36,800
the accumulated Grime. 
The process requires timing and 

6262
05:48:36,800 --> 05:48:40,000
luck. 
Jump when the ship is moving and

6263
05:48:40,000 --> 05:48:43,600
you'll never catch up. 
Swim too far from the hull and 

6264
05:48:43,600 --> 05:48:47,200
you become bait for things that 
see you as food, the crew keeps 

6265
05:48:47,200 --> 05:48:51,200
watch, but their attention spans
waiver and being forgotten, 

6266
05:48:51,200 --> 05:48:54,600
while Treading Water ranks among
the more terrifying Ways to Die 

6267
05:48:54,600 --> 05:48:57,900
your clothes, transformed into 
biological experiments. 

6268
05:48:58,800 --> 05:49:02,700
Sweat, salt water, dirt and 
Thyme combined to create 

6269
05:49:02,700 --> 05:49:04,900
garments that could probably 
stand up on their own. 

6270
05:49:06,000 --> 05:49:09,100
Washing them properly requires 
fresh water, that doesn't exist.

6271
05:49:09,100 --> 05:49:13,200
So you rinse them in seawater 
that doesn't really clean just 

6272
05:49:13,200 --> 05:49:17,400
redistributes the fill Fabric 
develops, its own ecosystem. 

6273
05:49:17,400 --> 05:49:22,300
Lice fleece and other parasites.
That treat your body as their 

6274
05:49:22,300 --> 05:49:26,600
personal territory. 
You scratch constantly creating 

6275
05:49:26,600 --> 05:49:30,000
new wounds that don't heal 
cleanly and that sometimes 

6276
05:49:30,000 --> 05:49:33,900
become infected privacy for 
bodily functions exist. 

6277
05:49:33,900 --> 05:49:38,000
Only in concept, everyone knows 
when you're constipated because 

6278
05:49:38,000 --> 05:49:39,500
they've watched you struggle in 
the heads. 

6279
05:49:39,500 --> 05:49:42,100
For 20 minutes. 
Everyone, here is when you have 

6280
05:49:42,100 --> 05:49:45,800
diarrhea, that's special misery 
intensified by having to hang 

6281
05:49:45,800 --> 05:49:49,100
your exposed rear end over the 
ocean while you're in testing 

6282
05:49:49,100 --> 05:49:53,500
stage a revolt. 
Dignity gets left at Port along 

6283
05:49:53,500 --> 05:49:55,300
with every other civilized 
Comfort. 

6284
05:49:55,300 --> 05:49:58,800
Medical Care would be laughable 
if the consequences weren't so 

6285
05:49:58,800 --> 05:50:01,300
serious. 
The ship's surgeon learned his 

6286
05:50:01,300 --> 05:50:04,500
trade through apprenticeship and
experience, not formal 

6287
05:50:04,500 --> 05:50:08,900
education, his toolkit includes 
sores for amputation, needles 

6288
05:50:08,900 --> 05:50:12,300
for stitching and alcohol for 
sterilization though, more of 

6289
05:50:12,300 --> 05:50:15,400
the alcohol ends up consumed the
news for cleaning wounds. 

6290
05:50:16,200 --> 05:50:19,400
anesthesia means getting drunk 
enough to pass out or biting 

6291
05:50:19,400 --> 05:50:22,300
down on leather or someone does 
something horrible to your body 

6292
05:50:22,300 --> 05:50:26,700
infections, run rampant in these
conditions, a small cut becomes 

6293
05:50:26,700 --> 05:50:31,800
a major crisis, The wound 
readons swells and begins 

6294
05:50:31,800 --> 05:50:36,200
weeping pus. fever sets in and 
you shake under blankets that 

6295
05:50:36,200 --> 05:50:39,100
don't exist while your crewmates
debate, whether you'll survive 

6296
05:50:40,100 --> 05:50:43,600
Some infections resolve on their
own, the body's immune system, 

6297
05:50:43,600 --> 05:50:47,200
winning battles without 
assistance, others progress to 

6298
05:50:47,200 --> 05:50:52,200
gangrene, to set this to death. 
that comes slowly and painfully 

6299
05:50:52,200 --> 05:50:55,200
while everyone watches and tries
not to think about their own 

6300
05:50:55,200 --> 05:50:58,800
vulnerability, climate control 
amounts to choosing whether to 

6301
05:50:58,800 --> 05:51:02,500
suffer below deck or above In 
tropical heat, both options, 

6302
05:51:02,500 --> 05:51:05,300
feel like punishments. 
The load deck, the air 

6303
05:51:05,300 --> 05:51:08,400
temperature rises until 
breathing becomes labor until 

6304
05:51:08,400 --> 05:51:11,300
swept pause from your body 
faster than you can replace the 

6305
05:51:11,300 --> 05:51:14,100
fluids. 
Above deck the sun attacks from 

6306
05:51:14,100 --> 05:51:16,000
overhead. 
While the deck reflects heat 

6307
05:51:16,000 --> 05:51:20,200
upward cooking you from both 
directions, There's No Escape no

6308
05:51:20,200 --> 05:51:23,400
air conditioning and no fan 
beyond what the win provides 

6309
05:51:23,400 --> 05:51:26,900
cold climates. 
Bring opposite miseries the ship

6310
05:51:26,900 --> 05:51:29,600
offers, no heating beyond the 
galleys fire, which must be 

6311
05:51:29,600 --> 05:51:32,600
carefully managed to avoid 
burning down your own shelter, 

6312
05:51:32,600 --> 05:51:36,500
you layer what clothes you have,
but the dampness defeats 

6313
05:51:36,500 --> 05:51:40,000
insulation. 
The cold settles into your bones

6314
05:51:40,000 --> 05:51:44,900
into your joints, making 
movement, painful making sleep 

6315
05:51:44,900 --> 05:51:49,600
impossible, despite exhaustion. 
Men huddled together for warmth.

6316
05:51:50,500 --> 05:51:54,600
Passed careering about personal 
space or dignity entertainment, 

6317
05:51:54,600 --> 05:51:58,100
consists of whatever you can 
create from nothing, some men, 

6318
05:51:58,100 --> 05:52:02,000
carve scrimshaw etching designs 
into walty or bone when 

6319
05:52:02,000 --> 05:52:05,200
available. 
Others tell stories the same 

6320
05:52:05,200 --> 05:52:09,200
Tales recycled until everyone 
knows them by heart, but keeps 

6321
05:52:09,200 --> 05:52:12,600
listening because the 
alternative is silent. card 

6322
05:52:12,600 --> 05:52:16,000
games happen with decks, so warn
the markings barely register 

6323
05:52:17,000 --> 05:52:20,000
Dice made from bone rattle in 
Corners during offshore hours, 

6324
05:52:20,000 --> 05:52:24,000
gambling provides distraction. 
Even when you're bettering 

6325
05:52:24,000 --> 05:52:27,200
things, you don't actually own 
the isolation from normal. 

6326
05:52:27,200 --> 05:52:30,400
Human society changes you in 
ways, you don't notice until 

6327
05:52:30,400 --> 05:52:33,800
much later. 
Your social skills, atrophy. 

6328
05:52:33,800 --> 05:52:37,200
Your ability to converse about 
anything beyond ships and 

6329
05:52:37,200 --> 05:52:40,400
sailing diminishes. 
You forget what it's like to 

6330
05:52:40,400 --> 05:52:44,200
speak with women with children, 
with anyone who doesn't smell 

6331
05:52:44,200 --> 05:52:48,500
like bilgewater and Desperation 
The ship becomes your entire 

6332
05:52:48,500 --> 05:52:53,400
world and that world is brutally
small populated by the same 

6333
05:52:53,400 --> 05:52:57,900
faces, the same conversations 
and the same complaints repeated

6334
05:52:57,900 --> 05:53:01,200
until they lose, meaning news 
from Land arrives months late. 

6335
05:53:01,200 --> 05:53:04,900
If at all You have no idea 
what's happening in the wide 

6336
05:53:04,900 --> 05:53:07,900
world. 
War start and end without your 

6337
05:53:07,900 --> 05:53:10,700
knowledge. 
Family members die and you're 

6338
05:53:10,700 --> 05:53:13,900
not there you won't even hear 
about it until some random 

6339
05:53:13,900 --> 05:53:17,800
encounter in Port. 
The isolation is mental, as much

6340
05:53:17,800 --> 05:53:21,100
as physical a cutting off from 
the flow of normal life. 

6341
05:53:21,100 --> 05:53:24,600
That leaves you adrift in more 
than the oceanic scents, the 

6342
05:53:24,600 --> 05:53:28,300
Articles get read aloud before 
you sign a moment of unexpected 

6343
05:53:28,300 --> 05:53:31,000
formality on a vessel dedicated 
to lawlessness. 

6344
05:53:32,100 --> 05:53:35,900
The document outlines rules your
expected to follow punishments 

6345
05:53:35,900 --> 05:53:39,400
for violation and the system by 
which decisions get made. 

6346
05:53:40,500 --> 05:53:43,000
You listen carefully. 
Because this social contract is 

6347
05:53:43,000 --> 05:53:45,000
the only thing preventing 
absolute chaos. 

6348
05:53:45,000 --> 05:53:48,700
Every man gets a vote on major 
decision where the hunt for 

6349
05:53:48,708 --> 05:53:52,100
prizes, whether to attack a 
particular Target and how to 

6350
05:53:52,100 --> 05:53:55,700
divide plunder. 
This democracy emerges not from 

6351
05:53:55,700 --> 05:53:59,100
Progressive political Theory, 
but from practical necessity. 

6352
05:53:59,900 --> 05:54:02,800
When you've assembled a crew of 
men who've already rejected 

6353
05:54:02,800 --> 05:54:06,300
conventional Authority, you 
can't exactly rule through 

6354
05:54:06,300 --> 05:54:10,300
aristocratic privilege. 
The captain holds power only as 

6355
05:54:10,300 --> 05:54:14,000
long as the crew believes his 
effective fail, too many times 

6356
05:54:14,000 --> 05:54:17,700
and your voted out replaced by 
someone, the men think might do 

6357
05:54:17,700 --> 05:54:20,200
better. 
The quartermaster serves as the 

6358
05:54:20,200 --> 05:54:23,500
cruise representative, the 
balanced against the captain's 

6359
05:54:23,500 --> 05:54:26,500
Authority. 
He distributes food settles 

6360
05:54:26,500 --> 05:54:30,000
disputes and generally ensures 
that the captain doesn't get too

6361
05:54:30,000 --> 05:54:33,300
comfortable with power. 
This position requires 

6362
05:54:33,300 --> 05:54:36,900
diplomatic skills and the 
ability to fight because 

6363
05:54:36,900 --> 05:54:40,700
sometimes disputes get settled 
with fists rather than words. 

6364
05:54:41,600 --> 05:54:44,600
You watch these Dynamics play 
out and see how carefully, the 

6365
05:54:44,600 --> 05:54:48,600
successful quartermaster's 
navigate between crew, concerns 

6366
05:54:48,600 --> 05:54:52,100
and operational Necessities. 
Combat brings its own rules, 

6367
05:54:52,100 --> 05:54:56,500
explicitly stated in the 
Articles cowardice in battle 

6368
05:54:56,500 --> 05:55:00,100
means death or marooning 
deserting your station, gets you

6369
05:55:00,100 --> 05:55:02,300
flogged. 
If the crew feels merciful, 

6370
05:55:03,200 --> 05:55:06,100
these harsh punishments, reflect
the reality that everyone 

6371
05:55:06,100 --> 05:55:08,700
survival depends on everyone 
else doing their job. 

6372
05:55:09,400 --> 05:55:13,000
One man running during a fight 
can Cascade into total defeat 

6373
05:55:13,000 --> 05:55:16,300
and can get the entire crew 
killed or captured and hanged. 

6374
05:55:16,300 --> 05:55:20,600
The division of plunder follows.
Predetermined formulas, the 

6375
05:55:20,600 --> 05:55:24,500
captain gets extra shares as do 
the quartermaster the surgeon 

6376
05:55:24,500 --> 05:55:28,100
and the master gunner, anyone 
with specialized skills that 

6377
05:55:28,100 --> 05:55:31,500
benefit, the whole crew. 
But even the captain's portion 

6378
05:55:31,500 --> 05:55:35,000
rarely exceeds two or three 
shares, while, common Sailors, 

6379
05:55:35,000 --> 05:55:39,200
get one, this relative equality 
stands in stark contrast to 

6380
05:55:39,200 --> 05:55:43,300
Merchant and Naval vessels where
officers might turn, 50 times 

6381
05:55:43,300 --> 05:55:46,600
what ordinary seaman make 
injuries sustained in battle 

6382
05:55:46,600 --> 05:55:49,900
qualify for compensation and 
other aspect details in the 

6383
05:55:49,900 --> 05:55:54,000
article's lost and I hears your 
payment lost a leg. 

6384
05:55:54,000 --> 05:55:57,400
Here's a larger sum these 
amounts get paid before the 

6385
05:55:57,400 --> 05:56:00,900
general division of plunder 
recognizing that the crew owe 

6386
05:56:00,900 --> 05:56:03,700
something to men who sacrifice 
body parts for the common 

6387
05:56:03,700 --> 05:56:06,800
Enterprise? 
The system acknowledges risk and

6388
05:56:06,800 --> 05:56:09,200
tries to compensate accordingly,
though. 

6389
05:56:09,200 --> 05:56:12,500
No amount of money, truly repays
losing in the 17th century 

6390
05:56:12,500 --> 05:56:15,700
punishment. 
For violation happened, swiftly,

6391
05:56:15,700 --> 05:56:19,400
and publicly steal from a 
crewmate and you might receive 

6392
05:56:19,400 --> 05:56:23,400
Moses law. 39 lashes 
administered by the person who 

6393
05:56:23,400 --> 05:56:27,700
stole from the entire crew 
assembles to watch partly to 

6394
05:56:27,700 --> 05:56:30,700
witness Justice. 
Being done and partly to remind 

6395
05:56:30,700 --> 05:56:33,300
themselves of the consequences 
of breaking the rules. 

6396
05:56:34,400 --> 05:56:38,800
The whip Cuts deep drawing 
blood, leaving scars, that Mark,

6397
05:56:38,800 --> 05:56:42,100
you as someone who couldn't be 
trusted marooning serves as the 

6398
05:56:42,100 --> 05:56:45,300
ultimate punishment. 
Reserved for the worst offenses,

6399
05:56:45,300 --> 05:56:49,500
The Condemned man gets left on a
small island or beach with a 

6400
05:56:49,500 --> 05:56:51,500
pistol. 
Containing one shot a small 

6401
05:56:51,500 --> 05:56:55,600
amount of water and essentially 
no food the single bullet 

6402
05:56:55,600 --> 05:56:58,500
carries symbolic weight. 
It's for ending your own 

6403
05:56:58,500 --> 05:57:00,400
suffering. 
When starvation becomes 

6404
05:57:00,400 --> 05:57:03,600
unbearable, or for a very slim 
chance at hunting something 

6405
05:57:03,600 --> 05:57:07,100
edible Either way, it's probably
your last bullet. 

6406
05:57:08,500 --> 05:57:11,400
Most marooned men, die, slowly 
alone. 

6407
05:57:12,300 --> 05:57:15,400
With plenty of time to 
contemplate, their mistakes, the

6408
05:57:15,400 --> 05:57:18,500
social structure Flexes in ways 
that would confuse someone from 

6409
05:57:18,500 --> 05:57:22,000
conventional Society. 
Men who might be deadly enemies.

6410
05:57:22,000 --> 05:57:26,400
In Port Works side by side at 
Sea United by common purpose and

6411
05:57:26,400 --> 05:57:29,900
shared risk. 
Racial hierarchies matter less 

6412
05:57:29,900 --> 05:57:33,100
here than in the legitimate 
World, black Pirates, serve 

6413
05:57:33,100 --> 05:57:35,800
alongside white ones with a 
rougher quality that wouldn't 

6414
05:57:35,800 --> 05:57:39,300
Exist Elsewhere. 
This isn't enlightened tolerance

6415
05:57:39,300 --> 05:57:41,100
so much as practically 
indifferent. 

6416
05:57:42,400 --> 05:57:46,500
The seed doesn't care about skin
color and neither do men focused

6417
05:57:46,500 --> 05:57:49,500
on survival and profit. 
Women, occasionally Syed with 

6418
05:57:49,508 --> 05:57:52,500
pirate Crews, though they 
typically disguise themselves, 

6419
05:57:52,500 --> 05:57:55,100
as men to avoid the 
complications, their presence 

6420
05:57:55,100 --> 05:57:59,100
would create. 
Few who became known and Bonnie 

6421
05:57:59,100 --> 05:58:03,400
Mary Reed, a legendary status 
partly because they were so 

6422
05:58:03,400 --> 05:58:06,400
rare. 
Most Crews, maintained explicit 

6423
05:58:06,400 --> 05:58:09,400
rules against bringing women 
aboard knowing that sexual 

6424
05:58:09,400 --> 05:58:12,200
tension could destroy the 
fragile, cohesion that kept 

6425
05:58:12,200 --> 05:58:14,700
everyone alive. 
Drinking happens in 

6426
05:58:14,700 --> 05:58:17,000
enthusiastically. 
Whenever alcohol becomes 

6427
05:58:17,000 --> 05:58:20,600
available the Articles might 
limit consumption during active 

6428
05:58:20,600 --> 05:58:24,400
operations, but once plunder is 
secured and divided the 

6429
05:58:24,400 --> 05:58:27,400
celebrations begin Men, drink 
themselves. 

6430
05:58:27,400 --> 05:58:31,500
Unconscious fight each other for
entertainment and engaging, 

6431
05:58:31,500 --> 05:58:33,400
contests of strength and 
stupidity. 

6432
05:58:34,500 --> 05:58:37,500
The release of tension that's 
been building for weeks comes 

6433
05:58:37,500 --> 05:58:41,600
out in explosions of drunk and 
excess that sometimes result in 

6434
05:58:41,600 --> 05:58:44,700
injuries or deaths that didn't 
need to happen, religious 

6435
05:58:44,700 --> 05:58:47,600
practice varies by individual 
some men. 

6436
05:58:47,600 --> 05:58:51,100
Pray regularly asking 
forgiveness for their sins while

6437
05:58:51,100 --> 05:58:54,800
planning to commit more. 
Others abandoned Faith entirely 

6438
05:58:54,800 --> 05:58:58,700
deciding that if God exists, 
he's clearly not paying 

6439
05:58:58,700 --> 05:59:02,700
attention to their corner of the
ocean. if you become 

6440
05:59:02,700 --> 05:59:06,800
superstitious developing, 
elaborate rituals around whether

6441
05:59:06,800 --> 05:59:12,500
signs Lucky Charms and ominous 
portents The ship accumulates 

6442
05:59:12,500 --> 05:59:16,200
its own mythology. 
Stories of ghosts and curses 

6443
05:59:16,200 --> 05:59:18,500
that get embellished with each 
retelling. 

6444
05:59:18,500 --> 05:59:22,500
For all the misery, men kept 
choosing this life, they signed 

6445
05:59:22,500 --> 05:59:24,900
articles. 
They went to see and they risked

6446
05:59:24,900 --> 05:59:27,700
everything for what amounts to a
lottery ticket in blood. 

6447
05:59:28,700 --> 05:59:31,200
Understanding why requires 
looking at what they were 

6448
05:59:31,200 --> 05:59:33,400
running from the Merchant 
Marine? 

6449
05:59:33,400 --> 05:59:37,600
The supposedly legitimate 
alternative worked Sailors, just

6450
05:59:37,600 --> 05:59:40,200
as hard for a fraction of the 
potential reward. 

6451
05:59:41,200 --> 05:59:44,800
Merchant captains operated under
company rules, that prioritized 

6452
05:59:44,800 --> 05:59:48,500
profit over Humanity. 
Sailors might go months without 

6453
05:59:48,500 --> 05:59:51,700
pay their wages, held back to 
prevent desertion. 

6454
05:59:52,600 --> 05:59:55,700
Food on Merchant vessels was 
often worse than pirate, Fair, 

6455
05:59:55,700 --> 05:59:58,900
rationed more strictly and 
distributed more. 

6456
05:59:58,900 --> 06:00:03,800
Unfairly The promise of steady 
employment rank Halo when that 

6457
06:00:03,800 --> 06:00:06,800
employment meant slow starvation
and brutal discipline. 

6458
06:00:06,800 --> 06:00:10,200
The Royal Navy presented itself 
as honorable service, but 

6459
06:00:10,200 --> 06:00:12,400
delivered something closer to a 
floating prison. 

6460
06:00:13,400 --> 06:00:17,100
Press gangs roamed port cities, 
kidnapping men into service 

6461
06:00:17,100 --> 06:00:20,500
against their will. 
Once aboard a naval vessel, you 

6462
06:00:20,500 --> 06:00:23,600
belong to the crown until death 
or disability released you 

6463
06:00:23,600 --> 06:00:26,100
desertion meant hanging of 
court. 

6464
06:00:27,000 --> 06:00:31,000
The pay was theoretical 
delivered years later if, at 

6465
06:00:31,000 --> 06:00:33,900
all. 
Officers treated common Sailors 

6466
06:00:33,900 --> 06:00:37,500
as Expendable resources and the 
articles of War authorized 

6467
06:00:37,500 --> 06:00:41,000
flogging for offenses, as minor 
as failing to touch your hat to 

6468
06:00:41,000 --> 06:00:45,100
a superior officer on Land 
employment options for 

6469
06:00:45,100 --> 06:00:48,300
uneducated, unskilled men, 
centered around hard labor, for 

6470
06:00:48,300 --> 06:00:52,500
subsistence wages. 
You might work as a doc hand, a 

6471
06:00:52,500 --> 06:00:56,500
farm labourer, or a street. 
Sweeper jobs that wore your body

6472
06:00:56,500 --> 06:00:58,800
down while keeping you 
perpetually on the edge of 

6473
06:00:58,800 --> 06:01:01,700
poverty. 
The social Mobility that modern 

6474
06:01:01,700 --> 06:01:03,900
people take for granted simply 
didn't exist. 

6475
06:01:04,900 --> 06:01:07,500
Born poor you died. 
Poor and so did your children, 

6476
06:01:07,500 --> 06:01:10,800
piracy offered an alternative. 
However, brutal. 

6477
06:01:11,700 --> 06:01:12,700
You might die. 
Yes. 

6478
06:01:12,700 --> 06:01:14,800
But you might also become 
wealthy. 

6479
06:01:15,600 --> 06:01:18,500
More importantly, you lived free
of the constant humiliation, 

6480
06:01:18,500 --> 06:01:22,200
that defined working class 
existence in the 17th century. 

6481
06:01:23,200 --> 06:01:25,200
No employer could cheat you out 
of wages. 

6482
06:01:25,200 --> 06:01:28,600
No Aristocrat could beat you for
failing to show proper 

6483
06:01:28,600 --> 06:01:31,100
deference. 
The only Authority you answered 

6484
06:01:31,100 --> 06:01:33,600
to was the collective will of 
men in the same situation. 

6485
06:01:33,600 --> 06:01:36,500
Men. 
You'd help elect men who could 

6486
06:01:36,500 --> 06:01:39,800
be replaced if they became 
tyrannical, the gambling aspect 

6487
06:01:39,800 --> 06:01:44,400
to tracked a certain personality
type, Men who prefer to short 

6488
06:01:44,400 --> 06:01:46,500
exciting life to a long 
miserable one. 

6489
06:01:47,200 --> 06:01:51,000
The treasure fantasies might be 
exaggerated but successful raids

6490
06:01:51,000 --> 06:01:54,500
did happen. 
Ships carrying sugar Indigo and 

6491
06:01:54,500 --> 06:01:59,400
silver got captured and sold the
proceeds divided among the crew 

6492
06:01:59,400 --> 06:02:02,000
could equal years of wages from 
legitimate work. 

6493
06:02:02,800 --> 06:02:05,900
Even the ordinary raids, the 
ones that netted only cloth and 

6494
06:02:05,900 --> 06:02:09,400
tools provided income that beat 
anything available through legal

6495
06:02:09,400 --> 06:02:13,100
means the thrill of combat 
called to men who found ordinary

6496
06:02:13,100 --> 06:02:14,800
life. 
Unbearably dull. 

6497
06:02:15,700 --> 06:02:18,400
Modern society has plenty of 
outlets for this. 

6498
06:02:18,400 --> 06:02:23,400
Impulse extreme sports action, 
movies and video games that 

6499
06:02:23,400 --> 06:02:26,100
simulate danger with out 
delivering consequences. 

6500
06:02:27,100 --> 06:02:30,400
The 17th century offered limited
substitutes. 

6501
06:02:30,400 --> 06:02:34,800
You could fight in actual Wars 
at actual risk or you could 

6502
06:02:34,800 --> 06:02:38,200
waste away in some quiet Village
knowing you'd never test 

6503
06:02:38,200 --> 06:02:41,300
yourself against anything more 
challenging than a stubborn. 

6504
06:02:41,300 --> 06:02:45,400
Mule the Multicultural nature of
pirate Cruise provided refuge 

6505
06:02:45,400 --> 06:02:46,800
for men who didn't fit 
elsewhere. 

6506
06:02:46,800 --> 06:02:49,200
The skate slaves found 
acceptance. 

6507
06:02:49,200 --> 06:02:53,300
They'd never know in colonial 
society religious by naughties 

6508
06:02:53,300 --> 06:02:55,300
fleeing. 
Persecution could practice their

6509
06:02:55,300 --> 06:02:59,500
faith without interference or 
abandoned entirely without 

6510
06:02:59,500 --> 06:03:05,100
judgement Men who sexuality made
them out, cast on land found 

6511
06:03:05,100 --> 06:03:07,700
communities that cared more 
about competence than 

6512
06:03:07,700 --> 06:03:10,600
conformity. 
The ship became a kind of 

6513
06:03:10,600 --> 06:03:14,400
floating Sanctuary for everyone.
Conventional Society rejected. 

6514
06:03:14,400 --> 06:03:17,000
The stories. 
Of course helped recruitment 

6515
06:03:17,000 --> 06:03:20,900
Tales of successful Pirates. 
Circulated through taverns and 

6516
06:03:20,900 --> 06:03:23,900
dockyards growing more 
impressive with each retelling. 

6517
06:03:24,700 --> 06:03:28,200
Young men heard about Henry, 
Morgan retiring wealthy about, 

6518
06:03:28,200 --> 06:03:32,100
Blackbeard, commanding fear, and
respect, and about ships, loaded

6519
06:03:32,100 --> 06:03:34,400
with treasure waiting for 
someone brave enough to take 

6520
06:03:34,400 --> 06:03:38,400
them these stories glossed over 
the disease, the violence, and 

6521
06:03:38,400 --> 06:03:41,500
the high probability of death, 
but they sold the dream, 

6522
06:03:41,500 --> 06:03:45,100
effectively, the alternative to 
piracy for many men was 

6523
06:03:45,100 --> 06:03:46,800
starving. 
Slowly while watching their 

6524
06:03:46,800 --> 06:03:50,900
family starve to when your 
children are hungry nor 

6525
06:03:50,900 --> 06:03:54,000
legitimate work, can't feed 
them, the moral calculations 

6526
06:03:54,000 --> 06:03:57,800
shift, Stealing become survival 
violence. 

6527
06:03:57,800 --> 06:04:01,000
Becomes a tool for securing 
resources that Society has 

6528
06:04:01,000 --> 06:04:05,300
denied you through legal means. 
The romanticization came later 

6529
06:04:05,300 --> 06:04:08,100
applied by people who weren't 
facing those choices. 

6530
06:04:08,100 --> 06:04:10,700
So, yes, the conditions, abort 
pirate. 

6531
06:04:10,700 --> 06:04:13,600
Ships were terrible. 
But they were terrible in ways 

6532
06:04:13,600 --> 06:04:16,600
that men fleeing other terrible 
situations could accept. 

6533
06:04:17,600 --> 06:04:21,300
At least here, the suffering 
came with agency with the 

6534
06:04:21,300 --> 06:04:25,000
possibility of reward and with 
the Dignity of having chosen 

6535
06:04:25,000 --> 06:04:28,300
this path, rather than having it
forced upon you by birth or 

6536
06:04:28,300 --> 06:04:32,200
circumstance, not every hour at 
Sea involves crisis or labor. 

6537
06:04:33,300 --> 06:04:35,700
The ship sometimes finds itself 
in what Sailors called the 

6538
06:04:35,708 --> 06:04:39,800
doldrums regions where wind 
disappears and the ocean becomes

6539
06:04:39,800 --> 06:04:45,200
glass, the sails, hang limp, The
Vessel drifts rather than sails 

6540
06:04:45,200 --> 06:04:48,600
time. 
Expands strangely, you stand at 

6541
06:04:48,600 --> 06:04:51,400
the rail during these calm 
moments watching the water. 

6542
06:04:52,300 --> 06:04:55,500
The surface reflects the sky, so
perfectly that the Horizon 

6543
06:04:55,500 --> 06:04:59,500
becomes ambiguous and uncertain.
Flying fish break through 

6544
06:04:59,500 --> 06:05:03,300
occasionally silver arcs that 
catch sunlight before splashing 

6545
06:05:03,300 --> 06:05:05,600
down. 
Below the surface. 

6546
06:05:05,600 --> 06:05:08,500
If you look carefully you can 
sometimes see shapes moving. 

6547
06:05:09,300 --> 06:05:13,700
Dolphins sharks and things. 
You can't quite identify the 

6548
06:05:13,700 --> 06:05:16,900
sunset in tropical waters. 
Paints the sky and colors that 

6549
06:05:16,900 --> 06:05:20,000
seem invented. 
That looked too Vivid to be real

6550
06:05:20,000 --> 06:05:25,200
orange bleeds into pink pink 
into purple and purple into deep

6551
06:05:25,200 --> 06:05:27,500
blue that eventually black and 
into night. 

6552
06:05:28,600 --> 06:05:33,600
The Stars emerge, not gradually.
But in sudden multitudes more 

6553
06:05:33,600 --> 06:05:38,100
stars than you've ever seen from
land where lights and Haze 

6554
06:05:38,100 --> 06:05:42,500
obscure, the full display. 
The Milky Way sprawls across the

6555
06:05:42,500 --> 06:05:46,200
darkness, a river of light that 
ancient peoples thought 

6556
06:05:46,200 --> 06:05:50,000
connected Heaven and Earth on 
clear nights, you can navigate 

6557
06:05:50,000 --> 06:05:53,600
by stars though. 
You probably don't know how The 

6558
06:05:53,600 --> 06:05:56,300
older Sailors do though. 
Men who learned Celestial 

6559
06:05:56,300 --> 06:05:59,500
navigation through years of 
observation, who can tell you 

6560
06:05:59,508 --> 06:06:03,400
what that bright point is, which
constellation is rising, and 

6561
06:06:03,400 --> 06:06:05,800
what it all means for your 
position and Prospects. 

6562
06:06:06,500 --> 06:06:07,900
Their knowledge feels like 
magic. 

6563
06:06:09,100 --> 06:06:12,700
Crit language written across the
sky, phosphorescent in the 

6564
06:06:12,700 --> 06:06:16,200
water, creates different wonders
Disturbed, the ocean at night 

6565
06:06:16,200 --> 06:06:19,900
and it closed green like 
Disturbed fireflies. 

6566
06:06:19,900 --> 06:06:23,900
Have infiltrated the sea The 
ship's wake Trails luminescence 

6567
06:06:23,900 --> 06:06:27,100
behind it. 
Path of light that Fades, but 

6568
06:06:27,100 --> 06:06:31,300
never completely disappears. 
Men, trailing their hands in the

6569
06:06:31,300 --> 06:06:34,200
water, watch the glow swirl 
around their fingers 

6570
06:06:34,200 --> 06:06:37,800
momentarily, distracted from 
hunger, and discomfort by 

6571
06:06:37,800 --> 06:06:41,100
something beautiful, birds 
sometimes land on the rigging 

6572
06:06:41,100 --> 06:06:43,500
exhausted. 
My migrants following route 

6573
06:06:43,500 --> 06:06:47,500
between continents, they rest 
for hours or days eyeing. 

6574
06:06:47,500 --> 06:06:51,200
The crew wearily grateful for 
the solid perch even if it's 

6575
06:06:51,200 --> 06:06:54,900
moving. 
That presence means land exists 

6576
06:06:54,900 --> 06:06:56,800
somewhere in some direction 
though. 

6577
06:06:56,800 --> 06:07:00,900
How far and which way remains 
unclear When they finally gather

6578
06:07:00,900 --> 06:07:03,800
strength to continue you watch 
them, go with something like 

6579
06:07:03,800 --> 06:07:06,300
Envy. 
The ship develops its own 

6580
06:07:06,300 --> 06:07:09,900
rhythms patterns, you learn to 
read the way it moves in 

6581
06:07:09,900 --> 06:07:12,000
different wave conditions and 
the sounds that mean 

6582
06:07:12,000 --> 06:07:15,600
everything's normal versus the 
ones that signal problems. 

6583
06:07:16,300 --> 06:07:18,900
You become attuned to these 
signals, without conscious 

6584
06:07:18,900 --> 06:07:22,700
thought waking from sleep. 
When something changes, even if 

6585
06:07:22,700 --> 06:07:25,500
you can't immediately identify 
what triggered your awareness 

6586
06:07:25,500 --> 06:07:29,400
conversations during quiet, 
time's reveal more than you'd 

6587
06:07:29,400 --> 06:07:32,000
expect. 
Men who seem brutal in action 

6588
06:07:32,000 --> 06:07:35,600
show unexpected depth when 
discussing philosophy religion 

6589
06:07:35,600 --> 06:07:39,300
and the nature of Justice. 
The crew includes former 

6590
06:07:39,300 --> 06:07:43,700
Scholars fail to businessmen 
priests who lost their faith and

6591
06:07:43,700 --> 06:07:46,900
soldiers. 
Tired of following orders, their

6592
06:07:46,900 --> 06:07:49,600
stories emerge in. 
Fragments, never told completely

6593
06:07:49,600 --> 06:07:53,900
always colored by what they want
you to believe music happens. 

6594
06:07:53,900 --> 06:07:57,900
When someone has the energy and 
inclination, Fiddle appears from

6595
06:07:57,900 --> 06:08:02,000
storage or a flute or just 
voices, singing songs that 

6596
06:08:02,000 --> 06:08:05,000
everyone knows. 
Sea shanty serve. 

6597
06:08:05,000 --> 06:08:08,200
As work songs, The rhythms, 
coordinating labor. 

6598
06:08:09,000 --> 06:08:12,100
Quiet songs, speak to 
loneliness, to Holmes, left 

6599
06:08:12,100 --> 06:08:15,300
behind and to women who probably
aren't waiting anymore. 

6600
06:08:16,500 --> 06:08:18,400
The Melodies carry across the 
water. 

6601
06:08:18,400 --> 06:08:21,400
And you wonder if anyone on 
distant ships, hears them. 

6602
06:08:22,200 --> 06:08:25,300
If the Sound reaches fish 
swimming, far below, you think 

6603
06:08:25,300 --> 06:08:27,500
about home during these moments,
though. 

6604
06:08:27,500 --> 06:08:31,400
Home might not welcome you back.
Piracy carries a death sentence.

6605
06:08:31,400 --> 06:08:36,200
In most jurisdictions going, 
home means risking capture trial

6606
06:08:36,200 --> 06:08:38,200
and to dance at the end of a 
rope. 

6607
06:08:39,100 --> 06:08:42,200
Some men plan to retire to 
remote colonies where their past

6608
06:08:42,200 --> 06:08:45,600
won't follow others seem to have
accepted that, this life will 

6609
06:08:45,600 --> 06:08:49,000
end at Sea one way or another, 
and that's fine because there's 

6610
06:08:49,000 --> 06:08:50,700
nothing pulling them towards 
Shore. 

6611
06:08:50,700 --> 06:08:54,100
Any way, the ocean itself 
becomes familiar ways that seem 

6612
06:08:54,100 --> 06:08:57,200
impossible. 
You learned to read the water to

6613
06:08:57,200 --> 06:09:00,600
see patterns in the ways and to 
interpret the color and movement

6614
06:09:00,600 --> 06:09:02,800
in ways, that predict weather 
and currents. 

6615
06:09:03,700 --> 06:09:05,400
This knowledge doesn't come from
books. 

6616
06:09:05,400 --> 06:09:08,900
It accumulates through 
observation through mistakes 

6617
06:09:08,900 --> 06:09:12,000
that teach painful lessons and 
through listening to men who 

6618
06:09:12,000 --> 06:09:15,800
survived long enough to become 
experts in the quietest moments.

6619
06:09:15,800 --> 06:09:18,400
When you're watch, has you 
standing alone while others 

6620
06:09:18,400 --> 06:09:19,800
sleep? 
You can confront yourself. 

6621
06:09:20,800 --> 06:09:24,700
The person you were on land, the
person you might have become and

6622
06:09:24,700 --> 06:09:26,600
the person you've turned into 
out here. 

6623
06:09:27,400 --> 06:09:31,600
They're all present but somehow 
separate you've done things, you

6624
06:09:31,600 --> 06:09:35,100
never imagined doing. 
You've survived situations, that

6625
06:09:35,100 --> 06:09:38,100
should have killed you. 
You've become someone your 

6626
06:09:38,100 --> 06:09:41,000
former self wouldn't recognize 
and you're not entirely. 

6627
06:09:41,000 --> 06:09:43,400
Sure how to feel about that 
transformation. 

6628
06:09:43,400 --> 06:09:46,700
The Stars wheel overhead 
indifferent to your 

6629
06:09:46,708 --> 06:09:50,300
contemplation. 
Ship creeks and murmurs in its 

6630
06:09:50,300 --> 06:09:54,200
sleep, the Ocean Breathes, 
swells rising and falling in 

6631
06:09:54,200 --> 06:09:56,100
patterns older than human 
memory. 

6632
06:09:57,000 --> 06:10:01,400
And you stand there, temporary 
and small stealing This Moment 

6633
06:10:01,400 --> 06:10:04,600
of Peace, before the next 
Crisis, demands your attention 

6634
06:10:04,600 --> 06:10:08,300
and the Machinery of survival 
grinds forward again.