Ep 31: All About 10 Frames

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Today I'm going to talk all about 10 frames, which are amazing tools or models for your

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students to use to develop the concept of five and 10 as reference points, which is

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a pre place value skill that can be really helpful when students start to work with larger

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numbers.

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Hello and welcome to Making Number Sense Make Sense, a podcast for all of you.

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Make Sense, a podcast for elementary teachers, specifically early elementary teachers, looking

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to really make an impact in the number sense of their students.

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If you are not familiar with what a 10 frame is, like I said, it's a math tool that has

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10 squares, five on the top, five on the bottom.

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I've seen it most often be used horizontally, but it can also be used vertically.

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And so when using a 10 frame or a five frame, which is just half if you're really just starting

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with numbers, it helps kids see numbers instead of 10 being a long line.

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It's kind of stacked on top of each other, which can be really helpful when starting

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to develop subitizing and understanding how many 10 is and maybe how close a number is

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to 10 or how far a number is to 10.

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So why are five and 10 even important as reference points?

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Those numbers tend to be friendlier numbers or easier numbers for students to remember

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that help develop number sense and build their basic facts.

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And they can start to reason with how close or how far a number is from 10.

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And that knowledge and that understanding of how the number system works then can be

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applied to larger numbers.

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When kids are just kind of learning the concept of 10, there's three levels.

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The first level is the initial concept of 10.

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So they don't really understand 10 as a unit.

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They will still see 10 as individual things.

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When using a 10 frame and bringing that in, they start to see 10 things as a unit and

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eventually can move on to different models that do not need to show 10 things exactly

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like base 10 blocks.

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But when they're just starting out, they really need to see it to understand how many

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10 is.

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And when students are in this level, this first level, when they're solving addition

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problems or subtraction problems, they really need to count everything by ones.

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They're not really able to see 10 as a group of 10 ones.

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So when they get to level two, they kind of have the understanding that 10 is a unit,

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but still really need to see it.

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So in this case, a base 10 rod wouldn't necessarily be something that they would just see and

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know, oh, that represents 10 things.

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Whereas when they see it on a 10 frame, they'd still be able to understand that frame is

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10 things.

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So they really need to mentally construct that unit of 10 to be able to then manipulate

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it or add to or take away from it.

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And when they're at level three or the facile concept of 10, they're easily able to work

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with units of 10 with or without the physical representation.

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They can see it, they understand how many it is, they understand how to decompose it

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or recompose it.

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They're able to find the nearest 10 or create the nearest 10 when solving problems.

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So these are all things that we're wanting students to work on or to be able to work

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towards.

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But it takes a lot of time for them to really understand how many things 10 is and how to

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use it, which is why the 10 frame comes in so handy.

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Now the 10 frame is a very versatile tool.

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You can use 10 frames in your warm up, you can use them for counting, you can use them

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at centers, and a great way to spice up anything you're doing with a 10 frame is to change

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the manipulative.

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You know, variety is the spice of life.

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Change your manipulative and all of a sudden it's a brand new 10 frame.

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So next I'm going to share with you some of my favorite ways to use 10 frames in the classroom

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and some activities that you might want to try.

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The first one is quick images.

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In quick images, you would show students a 10 frame with a certain number of items on

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it, show it to them for three seconds, and then quickly put it down.

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And so students would have to figure out how many items were on the 10 frame without counting.

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So that's where the reasoning really comes in.

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They might be able to think, okay, I know that if they're all full, then it's 10, but if

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I saw three empty, well, what's three away from 10?

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It's seven.

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Or they might see that there's only three things on it and realize there was a lot left

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before they got to 10.

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Quick images is a very easy to implement number sense routine or warm up that you can do with

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your kids before your math block.

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You can do it with them in centers and small group if they're really needing it.

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And then they can build the same 10 frame that they saw.

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They can try and build a matching set.

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Also something for if you're waiting in the, you have a 10 frame and a dry erase sleeve

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and a marker, you can play that in the hall while they're waiting to go into their specials.

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It's an activity that you can pull out everywhere and your kids always really like it.

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They like being able to see if they can figure out the 10 frame.

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And because you're quick, it adds a game like element.

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I mentioned briefly about using 10 frames in small group, like students would have to

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build a matching set.

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And that's another hands-on way for them to start constructing the idea of 10.

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And the next couple games I'm going to share with you definitely leverage that skill.

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The first one is pick, build, and cover.

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So your students would have a playing mat.

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They would pick up a card and then they would have to pick up a 10 frame card or a numeral

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card depending on what they're working on.

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The 10 frame card, they would just have to create a matching set.

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A numeral card can be for your students who are working on number recognition or matching

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numerals to a value.

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So they pick up their card and they would need to create that same number on their 5,

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10, or 20 frame.

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And once they've created that number, they would put a counter on that number on the

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counting mat.

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The goal is for them to build all of the numbers and they can keep track of the numbers that

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they've built by covering it up on their frame.

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And like I said, you can do a 5 frame for students who are needing just working on numbers

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to 5, 10 frame for students who are working on numbers to 10, and 20 frame if your students

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are a bit beyond numbers to 10.

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And working with a 20 frame is a great way to develop the concept of teen numbers as

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a teen number being one full group of 10 and ones.

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And they can start to see that the more they work with 20 frames.

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So there's a little something for everyone.

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Another game that is similar to that is spin and build instead of pick and build.

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So for spin and build, they actually have a spinner with a 5, 10, or 20 frame on it.

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They would spin and create that number on their frame.

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And in this one, I like to bring in some number writing into it as well.

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So they would have a recording sheet where they would write the number that they spun

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and they could draw or fill in a 10 or 20 frame depending on what it looked like.

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So they can get some number writing practice in while they're working on those numbers.

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And if you can, there are dice, like actual dice available that have 5, 10, and 20 frames

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on it.

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That is a great thing to put on your classroom wish list or see if you can get because those

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are so versatile as well.

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And my kids really love anything that they can use a die for.

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They love it.

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With those die, you can also create.

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There's tons of dice templates online and you can just put your 5, 10, or 20 frames

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on it and create them yourself as well.

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And with that, you can do roll and write 5, 10, or 20 frames.

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So again, all of these are really similar, working on the same skills, but giving it

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a little tweak makes it feel like a different activity.

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For example, in Pick, Build, and Cover, you're using cards to make your matches.

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In Spin and Build, you're using a spinner, which is also an amazing tool that you can

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get.

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They're not very expensive and I use them all the time and I can use them for everything.

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I use spinners so much because they're, again, another really versatile tool you can use

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for so much.

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And the roll and write is really focusing more on writing your numbers.

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So they would roll their die, figure out which number it is, and write the number because

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a lot of times kids can recognize their numbers before they can actually write them with reversals

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and such.

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And so when you're working with kindergartners, first graders, it's still developmentally

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appropriate for them to be reversing their numbers, so maybe writing their 5 backwards.

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But it starts to become an issue when they start writing teen numbers as 51 instead of

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15.

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So I think it's an opportunity to practice it, but in a more interactive way than just

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filling out a worksheet is really helpful.

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So there you have it.

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I hope that you got some ideas from this.

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I will have a link to images of the centers I listed in the show notes, and feel free

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to let me know what your favorite 10-frame activities are, either by sending me an email

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or finding me on Instagram.

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And until then, I will talk to you next time.