What Living and Working in London's Docklands in the 18th Century Was Like | Boring History

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Imagine waking up to the sound 
of ropes. 

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Creaking gulls arguing overhead 
and ships knocking gently 

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against the docks. 
The docklands in 18th century. 

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London were a unique World 
characterized by crowded wolves,

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warehouses filled with global 
goods and thousands of workers. 

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Moving through the fog and River
Mist. 

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Before most of the city at woken
up. 

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If slowed slightly boring 
history, helps your brain power 

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down, feel free to follow, drop 
a like and tell me where you're 

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listening from, and what time it
is always enjoy seeing where 

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everyone is drifting off from 
now shift, your shoulders, a 

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little get that pillow 
comfortable, maybe let a fan or 

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some soft background noise. 
Run and let's slowly wander into

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the story. 
The year 1765, London's 

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docklands, stretch along the 
Thames. 

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Like a living creature that 
breathes with the rhythm of 

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tides and trade. 
You're about to step into a 

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world where ships arrived from 
every corner of the globe, Where

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the River shapes every hour of 
the day and where communities 

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have built their entire 
existence around, the slow 

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steady pulse of Maritime 
Commerce. 

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You wake Before Dawn in your 
small room above a Chandler shop

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on wapping High Street, The 
darkness outside your window 

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holds a peculiar quality. 
You've learned to read over 

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years of living. 
Here, you can tell from the 

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silence that the tide is out. 
The usual creaking of Maude, 

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vessels is absent instead there 
is only the distant call of 

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gulls and the soft Whisper of 
wind moving through. 

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Empty rigging. 
Your bed is now, but comfortable

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enough. 
The mattress is stuffed with 

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straw that you replace just last
month. 

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The blanket covering U came from
a merchant ship that arrived 

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from the American colonies. 
Three years ago, it still 

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carries a faint smell of 
tobacco. 

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Even after dozens of washing you
have grown fond of that smell, 

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it reminds you of places. 
You will likely never see. 

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The room is cold. 
September Mourning's carry. 

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A chill that seeps through the 
gaps, around your window frame, 

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you can see your breath forming.
Small clouds in the dim light, 

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the floorboards are icy Beneath 
Your Feet as you stand you dress

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quickly in the same clothes, you
wear every day, thick Woolen 

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britches, a linen shirt that has
been mended. 

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So many times. 
The original fabric is barely 

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visible a waistcoat. 
That once belonged to your 

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father, heavy stocking, things 
leather shoes with wooden Souls,

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that clatter pleasingly against 
cobblestones You make your way 

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down the narrow staircase. 
The steps are warns, smooth in 

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the middle, from Decades of feet
ascending and descending. 

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Your hand trails along the wall 
for balance. 

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Plaster feels damp under your 
fingertips. 

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Everything near the river holds 
moisture, you have accepted this

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as a basic fact of docklands 
life. 

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The street outside is still dark
a Lamplighter makes his rounds. 

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Extinguishing, the oil lamps one
by one? 

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He nods at you. 
Without speaking, you have seen 

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him perform the same tasks every
morning for eight years. 

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You do not know his name. 
He does not know yours. 

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This seems perfectly acceptable 
to both of you. 

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The cobblestones with you, your 
shoes make sharp sounds that 

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Echo between the buildings most 
of the structures here, lean 

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slightly toward the river as if 
drawn by some invisible force. 

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The buildings are a mix of 
Timber and brick, many have 

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shops on the ground floor, and 
living quarters above a few have

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sellers that flood during spring
tides, the owners except this 

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with remarkable calm. 
He walked toward the river. 

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The air grows thicker with each 
step, salt and mud combined with

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wood, smoke and tar. 
He was also, the smell of fish, 

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always fish. 
The Thames is full of them. 

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Salmon, still swim up. 
River in the Autumn eels, hide 

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in the mud fishermen. 
Sell their catches directly from

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boats. 
Moored at the stairs, you reach 

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a set of stone steps leading 
down to the river. 

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The Tide is indeed out. 
The Thames has retreated leaving

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behind a wide, expansive mud and
Stones, you can see the holes of

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ships resting on the riverbed. 
They sit at odd angles, waiting 

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for the water to return and lift
them up right again. 

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This happens twice every day. 
The entire rhythm of docklands 

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work, depends on these tidal 
movements. 

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A few other early Rises have 
gathered near the water, they 

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stand in small groups, studying 
the sky and the river. 

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One man, chews on a piece of 
bread and other smokes. 

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A pipe, the tobacco smell mixes 
with the river sense. 

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Someone coughs. 
The sound carries a cross, the 

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mud flats and bounces back from 
the opposite Shore. 

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The sky begins to lighten in the
East, the darkness shifts from 

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black to deep blue. 
Then to pale gray, colors 

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emerge, gradually the brown of 
the mud, the green gray of the 

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water. 
The red brick of warehouses the 

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white stone of the stairs. 
You watch this transformation 

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happen, the same way every 
morning. 

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It never becomes boring. 
A ship sits anchored in deeper 

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water. 
About 100 yards from Shore. 

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You recognize her lines. 
She is the Mary Catherine, a 

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merchant vessel that left 
London. 

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Six months ago Bound for the 
Caribbean. 

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She returned two days ago but 
had to wait for a birth. 

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Today, she will finally unload 
her cargo. 

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You will be part of the crew 
that empties. 

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Her hold the ship's rigging 
stands out against the 

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brightening Sky lines, and 
cables create patterns that look

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almost decorative, but every 
rope has a purpose every knot 

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performs a specific function 
Sailors, live their entire 

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lives, learning these systems, 
you have picked up enough 

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knowledge to understand the 
basics. 

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More than that, seems 
unnecessary for a dock, worker 

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other ships. 
Fill the river. 

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Some sighted anchor like the 
Mary Catherine. 

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Others are more to boys or tied 
directly to wolves. 

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A few small boats moved between 
the larger vessels. 

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These are lighters flat-bottom, 
craft used to Ferry cargo from 

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ship to Shore, and the tide is 
wrong for direct. 

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Unloading you have worked on 
light as many times. 

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The work is backbreaking, but 
the pay is slightly better than 

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regular doc labor. 
The First Merchants begin to 

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appear, they arrive in sedan 
chairs or small carriages. 

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Their clothing is noticeably 
finer than yours. 

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Silk waist coats Beaver, hats 
shoe buckles, that catch the 

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growing light. 
They gather and small groups 

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Consulting papers and ledgers, 
their cargo is aboard. 

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The ships waiting to be 
unloaded. 

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They want to verify quantities 
and check for damage. 

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This is understandable, fortunes
can disappear between the West 

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Indies and London. 
A former New by sight approaches

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the group of workers. 
His name is Thomas Wickham. 

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He has been organizing doc labor
for 15 years. 

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He knows every ship, every 
Merchant, every type of cargo 

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that moves through this section 
of the temps. 

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He also knows which workers are 
reliable, and which ones drink 

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their wages before the week is 
out. 

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Wickham studies. 
The assembled men is gays passes

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over you and moves on. 
You have been selected for work 

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today without any need for 
Words. 

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Others are not, so fortunate. 
Some men are waived away. 

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They turn and trudged back 
toward the streets, hoping to 

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find work elsewhere, the docs 
operate on a brutal Simplicity. 

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If you are, chosen you eat. 
If you are not, you do not The 

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selected workers gather closer 
to Wickham, he explains the days

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tasks in a voice, roughened by 
years of shouting over wind and 

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waves, the Mary Katherine will 
be unloaded starting at high 

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tide, that will be around 9:00 
this morning. 

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And till then there is other 
work, barrels need to be rolled 

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from a warehouse to awaiting 
cart. 

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Tim needs to be sorted and 
stacked wrote need to be coiled 

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and stored, the docks never 
stopped moving entirely your 

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assigned to the barrel. 
Rolling crew 6. 

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Men working together can move 
remarkable amounts of cargo in a

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few hours. 
The barrels contain sugar from 

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Jamaica, each one weighs more 
than you do. 

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They are designed to be rolled 
on their edges by teams working 

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in careful coordination, the 
technique looks simple but 

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requires practice new workers, 
often lose control of barrels, 

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the heavy containers can Crush 
feet or fingers with ease. 

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The warehouse is deer and cool 
inside. 

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Hundreds of barrels are stacked 
three. 

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High along the walls. 
The smell of molasses is 

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overcoming sweet and thick and 
slightly ferment. 

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It Coats the inside of your nose
and throat. 

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After an hour of working, in the
warehouse, you will be able to 

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taste sugar for the rest of the 
day. 

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The first Barrel is tipped onto 
its Edge. 

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You and another worker guide it 
toward the door. 

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The barrel wants to roll too 
quickly. 

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You must lean against it using 
your body weight as a break. 

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The rhythm is established 
through long practice tip role. 

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Stop tip role. 
Stop Your muscles. 

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Remember the sequence, even when
your mind wanders outside the 

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morning has fully arrived 
sunlight Slants, between 

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buildings and reflects off the 
river, Tide has begun to turn. 

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You can see water creeping back 
up, the mud flats in a few 

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hours. 
The Thames will be high enough 

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for ships to come alongside the 
walls and till then the work 

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continues in the warehouses and 
yards, the barrels are loaded 

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onto a cart pulled by two 
massive horses. 

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The animal Stan patiently, while
workers secure the cargo with 

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ropes and chains, These horses 
are accustomed to dock work. 

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They do not startle at sudden 
noises or unexpected movements. 

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Their calm presence is almost 
meditative you pause to Pat on 

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the shoulder. 
The horses coat is warm and 

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slightly damp with sweat. 
By mid-morning your back aches. 

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And your hands are raw. 
This is normal, dock work is 

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never gentle on the body, but 
you're young enough that 

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recovery comes quickly, a knight
of sleep. 

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Erases, most of the pain. 
Older Workers are not so 

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fortunate. 
You have seen men in their 50s. 

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Who can barely straighten their 
spines, the docks consume 

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bodies. 
The way the river consumes would

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slowly, but completely The river
Rises with surprising speed. 

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Once the tide commits to coming 
in the mud flats disappear 

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beneath brown Water ships that 
were resting on the bottom begin

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to float, they shift and settle 
finding their natural positions.

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In the current wrote ropes 
tightened, anchor chains grow 

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taught The entire River seems to
wake up and stretch the Mary 

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Catherine is Warped toward the 
wharf using a system of ropes 

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and pulleys. 
Sailors aboard the ship work, 

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the Capstone while Dock Workers 
on Shore, Pool guide ropes, The 

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Vessel moves sideways through 
the water, covering the distance

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inch by inch. 
This process takes nearly an 

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hour. 
Rushing, would risk damage to 

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the ship or the war. 
Neither outcome would be 

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acceptable. 
Finally, the Mary Katherine 

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settles against the war with a 
gentle bump. 

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Thick ropes are secured to 
massive iron bollards. 

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The ship is positioned perfectly
for unloading her cargo hatches 

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faced. 
The warehouse doors everything 

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is aligned to make the transfer 
of goods as efficient as 

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possible. 
You are part of the crew that 

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will enter the hold and pass 
cargo up to the deck. 

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This is considered desirable 
work, the hold offers protection

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from weather. 
The pay is the same as working 

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on Deck, but the effort is 
sometimes less. you descend a 

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ladder Into Darkness that smells
of wood and spices and something

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in definitely tropical The hold 
is surprisingly organized. 

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Barrels and crates are secured 
with a rope netting. 

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Everything is labeled in 
numbered the ship's manifest 

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list every item by location. 
This system prevents chaos 

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during unloading without it. 
The process would take weeks and

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stead of days. 
Like filters down through the 

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open hatch of your eyes. 
Adjust slowly shapes emerge from

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the darkness, you can make out 
individual barrels. 

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Now, some contain sugar, others,
hold rum, there are crates of 

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indigo, die and bundles of 
mahogany wood, the entire 

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economy of Empire is packed into
this one ship's. 

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Hold the work begins. 
You and three other men form a 

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chain. 
The first man, selects a barrel 

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and tips it onto its Edge. 
He rolls it to the second man. 

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The second man Guide to the 
third, the third man, 

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positioned. 
It beneath the hatch. 

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A ropes sling is lowered, from 
of the barrel is secured and 

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hoisted to the deck, the process
repeats endlessly. 

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00:11:46,300 --> 00:11:49,000
After the first hour you stopped
thinking about individual 

231
00:11:49,000 --> 00:11:52,400
barrels. 
The work becomes automatic, your

232
00:11:52,400 --> 00:11:54,700
body knows what to do without 
instruction from your mind. 

233
00:11:54,700 --> 00:11:57,000
This allows you to think about 
other things. 

234
00:11:57,000 --> 00:11:59,000
You wonder what the Caribbean 
islands. 

235
00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:02,800
Look like you imagine palm trees
and white sand beaches these 

236
00:12:02,800 --> 00:12:04,500
images. 
Come from descriptions, you have

237
00:12:04,508 --> 00:12:07,600
heard in taverns, you have no 
idea if they are accurate. 

238
00:12:07,600 --> 00:12:11,200
A rats, carries across a beam, 
above your head, then another 

239
00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:15,500
ship is full of rats. 
They came aboard in some distant

240
00:12:15,500 --> 00:12:17,400
port and survive the entire 
Voyage. 

241
00:12:17,400 --> 00:12:20,700
Some will leave the ship here in
London, they will join the 

242
00:12:20,700 --> 00:12:22,500
existing population of Wharf 
Rats. 

243
00:12:22,500 --> 00:12:24,900
The docks support thousands of 
the creatures. 

244
00:12:24,900 --> 00:12:27,000
You have long since stopped 
being bothered by their 

245
00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:29,100
presence. 
The work continues through the 

246
00:12:29,100 --> 00:12:31,900
morning Barrel after Barrel 
Rises through the hatch and 

247
00:12:31,900 --> 00:12:35,800
disappears onto the deck. 
Above, you can hear the sound of

248
00:12:35,800 --> 00:12:39,400
cargo being moved across the 
wharf into the warehouse Wheels 

249
00:12:39,400 --> 00:12:43,600
rumble on cobblestones men. 
Shall instructors, a merchant 

250
00:12:43,600 --> 00:12:47,200
argues about damaged goods, his 
voice carries a tonne of 

251
00:12:47,200 --> 00:12:49,000
theatrical outrage that 
suggests. 

252
00:12:49,000 --> 00:12:52,800
He makes this same complaint at 
every unloading He pulls to 

253
00:12:52,800 --> 00:12:55,100
drink water. 
From a leather flask, the water 

254
00:12:55,100 --> 00:12:57,400
tastes of the river because that
is where it came from. 

255
00:12:57,400 --> 00:13:00,600
Dock Workers, do not question 
the source of their drinking 

256
00:13:00,600 --> 00:13:04,100
water, you have survived this 
long drinking from the Thames. 

257
00:13:04,100 --> 00:13:08,000
Presumably, you will continue to
survive the air in the hold 

258
00:13:08,000 --> 00:13:11,200
grows warm as the day. 
Progresses sunlight, pause 

259
00:13:11,200 --> 00:13:14,100
through the hatch dust. 
Particles dance in the light 

260
00:13:14,100 --> 00:13:16,800
beam, you can see them swirling 
and settling. 

261
00:13:17,700 --> 00:13:21,000
Some of the Dust is sugar. 
Some is sawdust from crates. 

262
00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:24,600
Some is simply the accumulated 
debris of a long ocean voyage. 

263
00:13:25,400 --> 00:13:28,500
By noon, a significant portion 
of the cargo has been removed. 

264
00:13:28,500 --> 00:13:32,300
The whole looks less crowded. 
You can move more freely. 

265
00:13:32,300 --> 00:13:35,300
The remaining barrels are deeper
in the ship, requiring more 

266
00:13:35,300 --> 00:13:38,100
effort to reach them. 
You crawl over stacks of goods. 

267
00:13:38,100 --> 00:13:41,800
Squeezing through narrow gaps, 
your clothes snag on rough wood,

268
00:13:41,800 --> 00:13:45,500
your knees protest against the 
hard surfaces a bell ring 

269
00:13:45,500 --> 00:13:48,400
somewhere in the distance. 
This signals, the midday break 

270
00:13:48,400 --> 00:13:52,100
work stops immediately. 
The men in the hold climb the 

271
00:13:52,108 --> 00:13:54,900
ladder to the deck. 
Fresh air hits your face like a 

272
00:13:54,908 --> 00:13:57,900
blessing. 
After hours in the dim, hold the

273
00:13:57,900 --> 00:14:01,300
brightness of full day is almost
painful you squint and cover 

274
00:14:01,300 --> 00:14:05,500
your eyes until they adjust. 
The Wharf is busy with activity.

275
00:14:05,500 --> 00:14:08,800
Cargo is stacked everywhere and 
careful Arrangements. 

276
00:14:08,800 --> 00:14:12,700
Clarks move among the Goods, 
checking items against ledgers 

277
00:14:12,700 --> 00:14:14,900
merchants and spec their 
purchases. 

278
00:14:15,800 --> 00:14:18,200
A customs officer watches 
everything with the board 

279
00:14:18,200 --> 00:14:20,100
expression of someone who has 
seen it all before. 

280
00:14:20,900 --> 00:14:23,200
You make your way to a small 
courtyard behind one of the 

281
00:14:23,200 --> 00:14:25,600
warehouses. 
This is where Dock Workers 

282
00:14:25,600 --> 00:14:29,200
gather, during breaks a woman 
sells meat, pies from a cart, 

283
00:14:29,200 --> 00:14:32,300
the pies cost a penny. 
Each you buy one and find a 

284
00:14:32,308 --> 00:14:35,300
place to sit on a low wall. 
The pee is hot enough to burn 

285
00:14:35,300 --> 00:14:38,400
your fingers, you juggle it from
hand to hand while it cools. 

286
00:14:38,400 --> 00:14:41,900
The crust is thick. 
And greasy, The Filling contains

287
00:14:41,900 --> 00:14:44,800
meat of Uncertain origin. 
It might be pork. 

288
00:14:44,800 --> 00:14:47,000
It might be. 
Beefed, it might be something 

289
00:14:47,000 --> 00:14:49,000
else. 
Entirely you do, not ask 

290
00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:52,400
questions a piece, your stomach 
and provide energy for the 

291
00:14:52,408 --> 00:14:54,800
afternoon's work that is 
sufficient. 

292
00:14:54,800 --> 00:14:58,900
Other workers Gather in small 
groups, some eat some smoke 

293
00:14:58,900 --> 00:15:02,000
pipes, a few simply lie on the 
cobblestones and close their 

294
00:15:02,000 --> 00:15:06,100
eyes, the break last 30 minutes 
every man uses the time 

295
00:15:06,100 --> 00:15:08,800
according to his own needs. 
You watch the river while you 

296
00:15:08,800 --> 00:15:14,000
eat Tide is at its peak now. 
Tams is full and wide, and busy 

297
00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:17,200
with traffic. 
Small boats, Dart between larger

298
00:15:17,200 --> 00:15:21,000
vessels, a naval ship moves, 
slowly down river heading for 

299
00:15:21,000 --> 00:15:23,400
the sea. 
Her gun ports are closed. 

300
00:15:23,400 --> 00:15:25,700
But you can see the shapes of 
cannons behind them. 

301
00:15:25,700 --> 00:15:29,000
The ship represents power that 
you will never possess. 

302
00:15:29,000 --> 00:15:32,800
This does not bother you 
particularly a merchant ship 

303
00:15:32,800 --> 00:15:35,800
passes close to the wharf. 
You can see Sailors working on 

304
00:15:35,800 --> 00:15:39,900
Deck, they move with practice 
efficiency, adjusting sales, and

305
00:15:39,900 --> 00:15:43,100
coiling ropes. 
One man climbs the rigging with 

306
00:15:43,100 --> 00:15:45,800
a remarkable speed. 
He reaches the top of the master

307
00:15:45,800 --> 00:15:48,000
and purchases there, looking out
over London. 

308
00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:50,600
You wonder what the city looks 
like from that height. 

309
00:15:51,700 --> 00:15:55,000
The break ends to quickly the 
foreman calls out and workers 

310
00:15:55,000 --> 00:15:57,700
begin to move. 
You brush Crumbs from your shirt

311
00:15:57,700 --> 00:15:59,500
and prepare to send back into 
the hole. 

312
00:15:59,500 --> 00:16:01,800
The afternoon will be much like 
the morning. 

313
00:16:01,800 --> 00:16:06,400
More barrels, more crates, more 
endless repetition, but the work

314
00:16:06,400 --> 00:16:08,500
will end. 
Eventually evening will come, 

315
00:16:08,500 --> 00:16:11,500
you will be paid. 
These facts, make the labor 

316
00:16:11,500 --> 00:16:14,200
bearable, the whole Fields even 
warmer in the afternoon 

317
00:16:14,200 --> 00:16:17,200
sunlight, slanted through the 
hatch at a different angle. 

318
00:16:17,200 --> 00:16:21,200
Now, the light reveals Corners 
that were shadowed before you 

319
00:16:21,200 --> 00:16:25,400
discover more cargo tucked into 
the space is Small crates marked

320
00:16:25,400 --> 00:16:29,000
with careful handwriting bundles
wrapped in oil cloth. 

321
00:16:29,000 --> 00:16:31,200
Everything is noted on the 
Manifest. 

322
00:16:31,200 --> 00:16:34,400
Nothing is left to Chance. 
The rhythm of work. 

323
00:16:34,400 --> 00:16:37,700
Resumes your muscles have 
loosened during the break. 

324
00:16:37,700 --> 00:16:41,400
The labor feels slightly easier.
Now, you fall into the pattern 

325
00:16:41,400 --> 00:16:47,600
without conscious thought, reach
lift carry roll, secure signal, 

326
00:16:48,500 --> 00:16:50,900
The sequence repeats until it 
becomes something close to 

327
00:16:50,900 --> 00:16:53,700
meditation. 
One of the other workers starts 

328
00:16:53,700 --> 00:16:55,900
singing. 
His voice is rough, but tuned 

329
00:16:55,900 --> 00:16:58,000
for the song is about a sailor's
wife. 

330
00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:01,000
Waiting in Portsmouth other men 
joining on the chorus. 

331
00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:03,200
The singing makes the work pass 
more quickly. 

332
00:17:03,200 --> 00:17:06,300
Music has always served this 
purpose in work that requires 

333
00:17:06,300 --> 00:17:09,800
coordinated effort. 
Sailors, use shanties field 

334
00:17:09,800 --> 00:17:13,099
workers use Harvest songs Dock 
Workers, use whatever comes to 

335
00:17:13,099 --> 00:17:17,500
mind a crate breaks open as it 
is being lifted, the contents 

336
00:17:17,500 --> 00:17:21,099
spill across the deck of the 
whole does of small packages 

337
00:17:21,099 --> 00:17:24,400
rapid in wax paper, one splits 
and reveals coffee beans. 

338
00:17:24,400 --> 00:17:27,900
The smell is immediate and 
intense, rich and dark, and 

339
00:17:27,900 --> 00:17:30,400
slightly bitter. 
You have tasted coffee exactly 

340
00:17:30,400 --> 00:17:33,700
once in your life, a merchant 
gave you a cup as payment for 

341
00:17:33,700 --> 00:17:35,900
extra work. 
You remember, the taste clearly 

342
00:17:35,900 --> 00:17:38,200
strong and strange and oddly 
compelling. 

343
00:17:39,500 --> 00:17:42,100
The spilled beans are carefully 
collected and returned to the 

344
00:17:42,100 --> 00:17:45,600
broken crate. 
Nothing is wasted even damaged 

345
00:17:45,600 --> 00:17:47,900
goods have value. 
The crate is marked for the 

346
00:17:47,900 --> 00:17:50,800
merchants attention. 
He will decide whether to accept

347
00:17:50,800 --> 00:17:53,800
the damage or demand. 
Compensation, these decisions 

348
00:17:53,800 --> 00:17:57,400
happen, far above your level of 
concern, the work continues, 

349
00:17:57,400 --> 00:18:00,900
more barrels emerge from the 
depths of the hold, some are 

350
00:18:00,900 --> 00:18:03,300
marked with symbols. 
You do not recognize these 

351
00:18:03,300 --> 00:18:05,600
represent, trading companies, or
Merchant houses. 

352
00:18:05,600 --> 00:18:08,600
Each symbol is a kind of 
language that speaks of 

353
00:18:08,600 --> 00:18:11,900
ownership and origin. 
You have learned to identify a 

354
00:18:11,900 --> 00:18:14,600
few of the more common marks. 
This knowledge serves, no 

355
00:18:14,600 --> 00:18:19,100
practical purpose, but satisfies
a quiet curiosity, you notice 

356
00:18:19,100 --> 00:18:23,000
that the quality of goods vary 
significantly, Some crates of 

357
00:18:23,008 --> 00:18:25,900
beautifully made with tight 
joints and smooth surfaces. 

358
00:18:25,900 --> 00:18:28,800
Others are rough assemblies. 
That barely hold together. 

359
00:18:29,500 --> 00:18:32,200
The better crates, likely 
contain more valuable cargo. 

360
00:18:32,900 --> 00:18:35,600
Or perhaps they simply had 
better carpenters in their port 

361
00:18:35,600 --> 00:18:38,100
of origin. 
There is no way to know for 

362
00:18:38,100 --> 00:18:42,000
certain a large crate requires. 
Four men to move you position 

363
00:18:42,000 --> 00:18:46,100
yourself at one corner and wait 
for the count. 3, you lift 

364
00:18:46,100 --> 00:18:48,900
together, the weight is 
substantial but manageable with 

365
00:18:48,900 --> 00:18:52,600
proper technique, you walk in 
carefully Unison, moving the 

366
00:18:52,600 --> 00:18:55,500
crate toward the hatch. 
Communication happens through 

367
00:18:55,500 --> 00:18:58,600
small adjustments and shared 
understanding words are 

368
00:18:58,600 --> 00:19:01,300
unnecessary. 
The crater secured and hoisted 

369
00:19:01,300 --> 00:19:04,100
to the deck. 
You catch a glimpse of Blue Sky 

370
00:19:04,100 --> 00:19:07,100
through the hatch before the 
next load blocks your view. 

371
00:19:07,100 --> 00:19:10,000
That brief moment of open air 
feels like a gift. 

372
00:19:10,008 --> 00:19:13,300
You realize you've been working 
in the hold for hours without 

373
00:19:13,300 --> 00:19:16,600
seeing the world above. 
Time behave, strangely and 

374
00:19:16,600 --> 00:19:19,600
enclosed spaces. 
Another worker asks, if you know

375
00:19:19,600 --> 00:19:21,700
what is in the large crate, you 
do not. 

376
00:19:21,700 --> 00:19:25,400
He suggests, it might be 
Furniture mahogany, chairs or 

377
00:19:25,400 --> 00:19:28,100
tables made in Jamaica for 
wealthy London households. 

378
00:19:28,100 --> 00:19:31,400
This seems plausible the weight 
and size are appropriate. 

379
00:19:32,100 --> 00:19:33,900
But the Manifest would tell the 
true story. 

380
00:19:33,900 --> 00:19:37,500
Neither of you can read well 
enough to check the pile of 

381
00:19:37,508 --> 00:19:39,600
cargo in the whole diminishes 
steadily. 

382
00:19:40,300 --> 00:19:42,900
Floor space opens up. 
You can see the curve of the 

383
00:19:42,900 --> 00:19:45,500
ship's Hull. 
Now, water has seeped in at some

384
00:19:45,500 --> 00:19:47,300
point. 
During the voyage, the lowest 

385
00:19:47,300 --> 00:19:50,200
point of the whole is damp 
huddles, reflect the light from 

386
00:19:50,200 --> 00:19:53,900
above, your stepping, in them 
without thinking wet feet. 

387
00:19:53,900 --> 00:19:56,500
Lead to blisters blisters lead 
to infection. 

388
00:19:56,500 --> 00:19:59,800
These are facts are understood 
by anyone who works with their 

389
00:19:59,800 --> 00:20:03,800
body, a cool comes from above. 
The foreman wants two men to 

390
00:20:03,800 --> 00:20:06,500
help on Deck you and another 
worker climb the ladder. 

391
00:20:07,200 --> 00:20:09,900
The change from dim hole to 
Bright deck is momentarily. 

392
00:20:09,900 --> 00:20:13,500
Disorienting, you blink and 
squint until your vision adjusts

393
00:20:13,500 --> 00:20:17,000
the river spreads, before you 
glittering and afternoon sun, 

394
00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:21,100
the site never fails to please 
you despite its familiarity on 

395
00:20:21,100 --> 00:20:22,700
Deck. 
You are directed to help move 

396
00:20:22,700 --> 00:20:24,300
cargo that has already been 
unloaded. 

397
00:20:24,900 --> 00:20:27,900
Barrels need to be rolled along 
the Wharf to a warehouse 50 

398
00:20:27,900 --> 00:20:30,200
yards away. 
This is simple work, but 

399
00:20:30,200 --> 00:20:33,600
requires constant attention. 
A runaway Barrel can cause 

400
00:20:33,600 --> 00:20:36,600
serious damage. 
You have seen men injured by 

401
00:20:36,600 --> 00:20:40,000
cargo that escaped control the 
memory, keeps you focused. 

402
00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:43,700
You establish a rhythm with your
partner, one barrel at a time 

403
00:20:43,700 --> 00:20:46,100
role at carefully. 
Along the wooden planks of the 

404
00:20:46,100 --> 00:20:49,800
wharf watch for uneven boards or
gaps guide, the barrel through 

405
00:20:49,800 --> 00:20:52,800
the warehouse door position. 
This according to the clocks 

406
00:20:52,800 --> 00:20:56,400
instructions return for the next
one, the sequence is 

407
00:20:56,400 --> 00:20:57,900
straightforward, but physically 
demanding. 

408
00:20:57,900 --> 00:21:02,300
The Wharf is crowded with cargo 
from multiple ships workers. 

409
00:21:02,300 --> 00:21:04,900
Move between stacks of goods, 
like streams flowing around 

410
00:21:04,900 --> 00:21:08,800
Stones, everyone knows to watch 
for moving loads and stay clear 

411
00:21:08,800 --> 00:21:11,300
of active work areas accidents 
happen. 

412
00:21:11,300 --> 00:21:13,200
When people become careless or 
distracted. 

413
00:21:13,200 --> 00:21:17,200
The docs have no patience for 
intention between trips. 

414
00:21:17,200 --> 00:21:20,300
You catch fragments of 
conversation's, merchants 

415
00:21:20,300 --> 00:21:23,600
discussing prices. 
Clark's arguing about inventory 

416
00:21:23,600 --> 00:21:25,800
counts. 
A ship's, Captain complaining 

417
00:21:25,800 --> 00:21:29,300
about Customs, delays, the 
voices blend into a general 

418
00:21:29,300 --> 00:21:32,500
background noise, that you have 
learned to filter only direct 

419
00:21:32,500 --> 00:21:34,400
instructions. 
Penetrate your awareness. 

420
00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:37,000
You pause to rest near a stack 
of Timber. 

421
00:21:37,000 --> 00:21:40,000
The wood is freshly cut and 
still smells of sap. 

422
00:21:40,000 --> 00:21:43,700
Someone has carved initials into
one of the planks the marks a 

423
00:21:43,700 --> 00:21:45,700
crude. 
But deliberate you wonder about 

424
00:21:45,700 --> 00:21:49,100
the person who made them is 
Sailor, marking time during a 

425
00:21:49,100 --> 00:21:52,400
long Voyage, perhaps, or a 
sawmill worker, claiming a piece

426
00:21:52,400 --> 00:21:56,800
of their labor Mysterious small,
but engaging, the sun begins, 

427
00:21:56,800 --> 00:21:59,800
its descent toward the Western 
Horizon Shadows. 

428
00:21:59,800 --> 00:22:03,300
Lengthen Across The Wharf, the 
quality of light changes from 

429
00:22:03,300 --> 00:22:05,400
harsh brightness, to softer 
gold. 

430
00:22:05,400 --> 00:22:07,700
This is your favorite time of 
day. 

431
00:22:07,700 --> 00:22:11,400
The worst heat is passed but 
darkness is not yet arrived. 

432
00:22:12,000 --> 00:22:14,600
The world exists in a 
comfortable in between State. 

433
00:22:14,600 --> 00:22:17,700
The Thames at this hour is a 
spectacle of activity. 

434
00:22:17,700 --> 00:22:21,800
Dozens of vessels crowd, the 
water between the banks Merchant

435
00:22:21,800 --> 00:22:25,700
ships Naval vessels fishing 
boats where is carrying 

436
00:22:25,700 --> 00:22:29,400
passengers from Shore to Shore, 
barges loaded with coal or grain

437
00:22:29,400 --> 00:22:32,100
or Timber. 
Each craft moves with purpose 

438
00:22:32,100 --> 00:22:33,400
through the current and the 
traffic. 

439
00:22:34,300 --> 00:22:37,500
You watch a weary approached the
stairs near your position, the 

440
00:22:37,500 --> 00:22:39,500
Waterman handles his orders with
easy skill. 

441
00:22:39,500 --> 00:22:42,100
Positioning the small boat 
perfectly against the lowest 

442
00:22:42,100 --> 00:22:45,500
steps. 
To passengers disembark their 

443
00:22:45,500 --> 00:22:48,100
Gentlemen, by their dress. 
They step carefully. 

444
00:22:48,100 --> 00:22:50,200
Keeping their shoes. 
Clear of mud and water. 

445
00:22:51,000 --> 00:22:54,000
The water and touches his cap 
and pushes off again, rowing 

446
00:22:54,000 --> 00:22:56,200
toward another customer visible 
on the far Shore. 

447
00:22:56,900 --> 00:23:00,100
These Waterman are a breed 
apart, they spend their entire 

448
00:23:00,100 --> 00:23:02,900
lives on the river. 
They know every current and 

449
00:23:02,900 --> 00:23:06,200
Eddie, they can read the water. 
Like the tide tables posted 

450
00:23:06,200 --> 00:23:09,500
outside the customs house. 
Some watermen inherit their 

451
00:23:09,500 --> 00:23:12,600
trade from fathers and 
grandfathers others simply drift

452
00:23:12,600 --> 00:23:15,300
into the work because they 
possess a natural affinity for 

453
00:23:15,300 --> 00:23:19,200
boats and water. 
A barge loaded with coal passes 

454
00:23:19,200 --> 00:23:22,100
close to the wharf. 
The Vessel sits low in the water

455
00:23:22,100 --> 00:23:26,400
under the weight of its cargo. 
Coal dust covers everything, the

456
00:23:26,400 --> 00:23:30,000
barge manner Gray from head to 
foot, they will carry this dust 

457
00:23:30,000 --> 00:23:32,200
home with them. 
Their wives will shake it from 

458
00:23:32,200 --> 00:23:35,100
clothes and find it. 
Embedded in the fabric, coal is 

459
00:23:35,100 --> 00:23:37,300
the price London pays for warmth
and Industry. 

460
00:23:38,000 --> 00:23:40,800
Father upriver. 
You can see the shapes of cranes

461
00:23:40,800 --> 00:23:43,400
and construction. 
New docks are being built to 

462
00:23:43,400 --> 00:23:45,000
handle the increasing volume of 
trade. 

463
00:23:45,000 --> 00:23:47,900
The old keys can no longer 
accommodate all the ships that 

464
00:23:47,900 --> 00:23:50,400
arrived Merchants complain about
delays. 

465
00:23:50,400 --> 00:23:53,600
The government responds with 
construction projects, this 

466
00:23:53,600 --> 00:23:56,900
pattern has repeated itself for 
decades, the work of unloading, 

467
00:23:56,900 --> 00:23:59,700
the Mary, Catherine continues 
through the late afternoon, the 

468
00:23:59,700 --> 00:24:02,300
whole is nearly empty. 
Now only the deepest cargo 

469
00:24:02,300 --> 00:24:05,400
remains these items were loaded 
first and will be removed. 

470
00:24:05,400 --> 00:24:08,700
Last, they have traveled the 
farthest distance from light and

471
00:24:08,700 --> 00:24:12,800
are you descend once more into 
the hole to finish the job, the 

472
00:24:12,800 --> 00:24:16,700
remaining cargo consists mostly 
of heavy items, leding at iron 

473
00:24:16,700 --> 00:24:21,500
bars, dense, Hardwoods these 
materials during the voyage and 

474
00:24:21,500 --> 00:24:24,400
cargo upon arrival. 
Moving them requires different 

475
00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:27,600
techniques than rolling barrels.
You and the other workers, use 

476
00:24:27,600 --> 00:24:29,100
rope, slings and careful 
leverage. 

477
00:24:29,100 --> 00:24:33,200
The weight makes every movement 
deliberate, a rat watches. 

478
00:24:33,200 --> 00:24:36,200
You from a corner, the creature 
is completely unafraid. 

479
00:24:36,200 --> 00:24:39,300
It sits cleaning. 
Its As well, you work around it.

480
00:24:39,300 --> 00:24:42,400
You have developed a grudging 
respect for Wharf rats. 

481
00:24:42,400 --> 00:24:45,800
They are survivors in an 
environment that shows no mercy 

482
00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:48,400
in this way. 
They are not so different from 

483
00:24:48,400 --> 00:24:51,500
the men who labor on the docks. 
The last item to emerge from the

484
00:24:51,508 --> 00:24:55,100
hold is a massive wooden crate, 
the Manifest describes it as 

485
00:24:55,100 --> 00:24:58,600
Machinery parts for a mill that 
will process sugar or tobacco, 

486
00:24:58,600 --> 00:25:02,700
or some other Colonial product. 
Crate is too large to fit 

487
00:25:02,700 --> 00:25:04,900
through the hatch. 
In one piece, it must be 

488
00:25:04,908 --> 00:25:07,800
partially disassembled on the 
ship and reconstructed on the 

489
00:25:07,800 --> 00:25:11,200
wharf. 
This adds hours to the job by 

490
00:25:11,200 --> 00:25:13,900
the time, the final piece is 
secured and hoisted to the deck.

491
00:25:13,900 --> 00:25:18,500
The sun is low in the sky. 
The work day is ending. 

492
00:25:18,500 --> 00:25:21,600
You climb the ladder. 
One Last Time grateful to leave 

493
00:25:21,600 --> 00:25:24,400
the hold behind your clothes are
soaked with sweat. 

494
00:25:24,400 --> 00:25:28,100
Your hands are covered in Grime.
Every muscle in your body aches 

495
00:25:28,100 --> 00:25:31,900
with earned fatigue. 
The foreman pays the workers in 

496
00:25:31,900 --> 00:25:33,800
coins. 
Counted from a leather bag. 

497
00:25:33,800 --> 00:25:38,200
He calls each Man by name and 
hands over the days wages you 

498
00:25:38,200 --> 00:25:39,600
receive your share and count it 
carefully. 

499
00:25:39,600 --> 00:25:44,000
The amount is exactly what was 
promised Wickham is honest in 

500
00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:46,600
his dealings. 
This is not true of all four 

501
00:25:46,600 --> 00:25:48,200
men. 
You have learned to appreciate 

502
00:25:48,200 --> 00:25:51,000
this quality. 
The Wharf begins to empty as 

503
00:25:51,000 --> 00:25:53,900
workers dispersed toward their 
homes or favorite taverns. 

504
00:25:53,900 --> 00:25:57,500
The cargo has been moved into 
warehouses or loaded onto carts 

505
00:25:57,500 --> 00:26:01,100
for transport into the city. 
The Mary Catherine sits lighter 

506
00:26:01,100 --> 00:26:03,200
in the water. 
Now, her holds empty. 

507
00:26:04,800 --> 00:26:07,500
Tomorrow, she will take on new 
cargo for the return Voyage. 

508
00:26:07,500 --> 00:26:11,400
The cycle continues. 
Endlessly, you walk slowly along

509
00:26:11,400 --> 00:26:14,300
the Waterfront, allowing your 
body to cool and recover 

510
00:26:14,300 --> 00:26:16,500
evening. 
Air carries a chill that feels 

511
00:26:16,500 --> 00:26:19,300
Pleasant after the heat of Labor
lights. 

512
00:26:19,300 --> 00:26:22,800
Begin to appear in Windows along
the shore lanterns are lit at 

513
00:26:22,800 --> 00:26:25,600
Tavern doors, the transformation
from day to night. 

514
00:26:25,600 --> 00:26:28,200
Happens gradually, giving 
everyone time to adjust. 

515
00:26:29,100 --> 00:26:31,700
A group of sailors passes you 
heading toward whopping, 

516
00:26:31,700 --> 00:26:35,000
drinking establishments, they 
allowed and cheerful flush with 

517
00:26:35,000 --> 00:26:38,400
wages from a completed Voyage. 
Some will spend everything they 

518
00:26:38,400 --> 00:26:41,900
earned in a single night, others
will save a portion for future 

519
00:26:41,900 --> 00:26:44,200
needs. 
You have seen both approaches 

520
00:26:44,200 --> 00:26:47,400
lead to regret. 
Moderation seems wiser but is 

521
00:26:47,400 --> 00:26:50,900
rarely practiced the streets 
grow crowded, as more workers 

522
00:26:50,900 --> 00:26:53,900
finish their shifts, men's 
stream from warehouses and 

523
00:26:53,900 --> 00:26:57,300
shipyards and wrote making 
establishments the days labor is

524
00:26:57,300 --> 00:26:59,300
done. 
Now comes the evening's business

525
00:26:59,300 --> 00:27:02,900
of eating and drinking and 
resting the transition happens 

526
00:27:02,900 --> 00:27:05,900
like clockwork in these 
neighborhoods where work defines

527
00:27:05,900 --> 00:27:09,200
the Rhythm of Life. 
You stop at a cook shop on 

528
00:27:09,200 --> 00:27:11,800
wapping wall. 
The proprietor is a widow who 

529
00:27:11,800 --> 00:27:13,600
has run this establishment for 
20 years. 

530
00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:16,200
She serves simple food at fair 
prices. 

531
00:27:16,200 --> 00:27:20,400
The shop is small and crowded, 
but clean the smell of cooking 

532
00:27:20,400 --> 00:27:21,900
meat and onions. 
Fills the air. 

533
00:27:21,900 --> 00:27:25,400
Your stomach responds 
immediately with urgent hunger, 

534
00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:28,000
the order, a bowl of stew and a 
piece of bread. 

535
00:27:28,000 --> 00:27:32,900
The stew contains beef or mutton
potatoes, carrots, and turnips 

536
00:27:32,900 --> 00:27:36,100
in a rich brown. 
Gravy the bread is yesterday's 

537
00:27:36,100 --> 00:27:39,200
baking, but still good. 
When dipped in the stew, you eat

538
00:27:39,200 --> 00:27:41,000
standing at a high table near 
the window. 

539
00:27:41,000 --> 00:27:43,800
This allows you to watch the 
street while you die. 

540
00:27:44,700 --> 00:27:49,100
The stew is hot and filling each
spoonful Taste of long slow 

541
00:27:49,100 --> 00:27:52,800
cooking and generous seasoning. 
The Widow knows have business. 

542
00:27:52,800 --> 00:27:55,600
She is fed doc workers for two 
decades. 

543
00:27:56,600 --> 00:27:58,700
She understands what kind of 
food restores body's worn down 

544
00:27:58,700 --> 00:28:01,300
by physical labor. 
The meal cost three pants. 

545
00:28:01,300 --> 00:28:04,800
You can consider it money. 
Well, spent other customers come

546
00:28:04,800 --> 00:28:09,100
and go, while you eat some, you 
recognize most a strangers, the 

547
00:28:09,100 --> 00:28:12,600
cook shop serves, anyone who can
pay class An Origin matter, less

548
00:28:12,600 --> 00:28:15,100
than coin. 
This Democratic quality is 

549
00:28:15,108 --> 00:28:18,200
common in docklands. 
Establishments, everyone's money

550
00:28:18,200 --> 00:28:20,200
spends the same through the 
window. 

551
00:28:20,200 --> 00:28:22,900
You watch the street settle into
its evening character. 

552
00:28:22,900 --> 00:28:26,900
Children play games in, the 
fading light, a dog trots passed

553
00:28:26,900 --> 00:28:29,300
with clear. 
Purpose, two women stand, 

554
00:28:29,300 --> 00:28:32,300
talking near a doorway. 
One holds a baby on her hip. 

555
00:28:32,300 --> 00:28:35,500
The child is quiet and wide-eyed
taking in the scene. 

556
00:28:35,500 --> 00:28:38,800
You finish your stew and place 
the bowl on a shelf for washing.

557
00:28:38,800 --> 00:28:42,200
The walk home takes you through 
familiar streets, you have lived

558
00:28:42,200 --> 00:28:44,200
in this neighborhood for most of
your adult life. 

559
00:28:44,200 --> 00:28:48,000
You know, every Ally and 
Courtyard, you can navigate and 

560
00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:51,900
complete darkness if necessary. 
This knowledge provides a sense 

561
00:28:51,900 --> 00:28:54,500
of belonging that you value more
than you often realize. 

562
00:28:55,700 --> 00:28:58,400
Avern called the prospect of 
Whitby, stands on your route. 

563
00:28:58,400 --> 00:29:01,800
The building is old and 
comfortable looking yellow, 

564
00:29:01,800 --> 00:29:05,500
light spills from its Windows 
voices and laughter drift into 

565
00:29:05,500 --> 00:29:07,900
the street. 
Your tempted to stop for a drink

566
00:29:07,900 --> 00:29:10,900
but decide against it, tomorrow 
is another work day. 

567
00:29:11,700 --> 00:29:15,400
Starting it with a saw head. 
Seems unwise you can continue 

568
00:29:15,400 --> 00:29:17,800
past the Tav and turn onto a 
narrower Street. 

569
00:29:17,800 --> 00:29:20,000
The building's here, lean close 
together. 

570
00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:24,300
Blocking most of the sky laundry
hangs on line stretched between 

571
00:29:24,300 --> 00:29:28,300
Windows somewhere, a baby cries,
a cat yowls. 

572
00:29:29,300 --> 00:29:31,500
These sounds are the Normal 
soundtrack of evening in the 

573
00:29:31,508 --> 00:29:34,200
docklands. 
Your room above the Chandler 

574
00:29:34,200 --> 00:29:36,100
shop is exactly as you left it 
this morning. 

575
00:29:36,100 --> 00:29:40,000
The bedroom remains unmade. 
Your spare shirt hangs on a peg.

576
00:29:40,000 --> 00:29:43,100
A small table holds a candle, 
and a few personal items. 

577
00:29:43,100 --> 00:29:46,000
The space is modest, but it is 
yours. 

578
00:29:46,000 --> 00:29:48,900
Rent is Affordable. 
The location is convenient. 

579
00:29:48,900 --> 00:29:52,100
You have no complaints. 
You like the candle and wash 

580
00:29:52,100 --> 00:29:54,200
your hands and face and water 
from a basin. 

581
00:29:54,200 --> 00:29:57,700
The water is cold, but 
refreshing Grime from the days 

582
00:29:57,700 --> 00:29:58,800
work. 
Turns it gray. 

583
00:29:58,800 --> 00:30:02,000
You dry yourself with a rough 
towel and change into your spare

584
00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:04,400
shirt. 
The clean fabric feels luxurious

585
00:30:04,400 --> 00:30:07,500
against your skin, you lie on 
the bed without bothering to 

586
00:30:07,500 --> 00:30:10,100
undress further. 
The mattress receives you with 

587
00:30:10,100 --> 00:30:13,300
familiar Comfort. 
Your body begins to relax muscle

588
00:30:13,300 --> 00:30:17,000
by muscle the aches from labor 
fade into a general Pleasant 

589
00:30:17,000 --> 00:30:19,700
tiredness. 
You watch Candlelight flicker on

590
00:30:19,708 --> 00:30:21,600
the ceiling and allow your 
thoughts to drift. 

591
00:30:21,600 --> 00:30:25,900
Tomorrow will bring more of the 
same more ships to unload more 

592
00:30:25,900 --> 00:30:28,800
cargo to move more hours of 
physical effort. 

593
00:30:28,800 --> 00:30:32,100
In exchange for wages. 
This predictability is both 

594
00:30:32,100 --> 00:30:34,000
comforting and slightly 
depressing. 

595
00:30:34,900 --> 00:30:38,300
You wonder sometimes if there 
might be other possibilities but

596
00:30:38,300 --> 00:30:41,300
the docks are what you know, the
work is reliable. 

597
00:30:42,000 --> 00:30:45,800
The pay is sufficient change, 
seems unnecessary and possibly 

598
00:30:45,800 --> 00:30:48,900
dangerous. 
Sleep approaches quickly, you 

599
00:30:48,900 --> 00:30:51,000
blow out the candle and settle 
Into Darkness. 

600
00:30:51,000 --> 00:30:54,100
The sounds of the neighborhood 
continued outside your window. 

601
00:30:54,100 --> 00:30:58,200
Footsteps on cobblestones 
distant voices, The Creeks of 

602
00:30:58,208 --> 00:31:01,600
ships moving with the tide. 
These noises form a lullaby. 

603
00:31:01,600 --> 00:31:04,600
You've heard every night for 
years, they guide you toward 

604
00:31:04,600 --> 00:31:06,900
unconsciousness, with gentle 
familiarity. 

605
00:31:07,700 --> 00:31:10,800
The next morning, arrives with 
rain, you wake to the sound of 

606
00:31:10,800 --> 00:31:13,500
water, drumming on roof tiles 
and running down the street in 

607
00:31:13,500 --> 00:31:16,400
small rivers. 
The window glass is streaked and

608
00:31:16,400 --> 00:31:19,500
blurred The View outside is 
reduced to vague shapes and 

609
00:31:19,508 --> 00:31:22,000
movement. 
Weather like this makes dock 

610
00:31:22,000 --> 00:31:23,600
work miserable but does not stop
it. 

611
00:31:23,600 --> 00:31:26,000
You dress in clothes still damp 
from yesterday. 

612
00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:29,100
There is no point where in dry 
things that will be soaked 

613
00:31:29,100 --> 00:31:30,600
within minutes of stepping 
outside. 

614
00:31:30,600 --> 00:31:34,700
The dampness is unpleasant but 
tolerable you have worked in 

615
00:31:34,700 --> 00:31:38,000
far, worse conditions, a warm 
day in pouring rain is 

616
00:31:38,000 --> 00:31:39,800
preferable to a freezing day in 
anywhere. 

617
00:31:39,800 --> 00:31:44,000
The street is already busy, 
despite the rain workers, move 

618
00:31:44,000 --> 00:31:46,900
with heads down and shoulders 
hunched, no one walks slowly 

619
00:31:46,900 --> 00:31:50,100
getting wet is inevitable but 
prolonging The Experience 

620
00:31:50,100 --> 00:31:51,000
serves. 
No purpose. 

621
00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:54,700
You join the flow of bodies 
heading toward the wars water 

622
00:31:54,700 --> 00:31:56,600
runs off your hat in steady 
streams. 

623
00:31:56,600 --> 00:31:58,300
The river looks different in 
Rain. 

624
00:31:58,300 --> 00:32:01,800
The surface is popped and 
rippled by Falling drops, the 

625
00:32:01,800 --> 00:32:06,200
color shifts from brown to gray.
Visibility is reduced ships at 

626
00:32:06,200 --> 00:32:11,000
anchor appear as dark From mist.
The entire scene has a dreamlike

627
00:32:11,000 --> 00:32:12,700
quality. 
That is almost beautiful. 

628
00:32:13,700 --> 00:32:16,400
The foreman stands under an 
awning protected from the worst 

629
00:32:16,400 --> 00:32:18,700
of the weather. 
He assigned work with the same 

630
00:32:18,700 --> 00:32:22,200
efficiency as always. 
Rain changes nothing about the 

631
00:32:22,200 --> 00:32:27,100
basic organization of Doc labor.
Ships must be unloaded cargo 

632
00:32:27,100 --> 00:32:29,700
must be moved. 
Commerce, cannot wait for 

633
00:32:29,700 --> 00:32:31,700
Sunshine. 
Your assigned to work in a 

634
00:32:31,708 --> 00:32:34,800
covered warehouse. 
This is fortunate the day will 

635
00:32:34,808 --> 00:32:37,600
be spent sorting and stacking 
Goods that have already been 

636
00:32:37,600 --> 00:32:40,000
unloaded. 
The work is still physical, but 

637
00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:43,000
at least it is dry. 
You offer a silent, thanks to 

638
00:32:43,000 --> 00:32:44,900
whatever Force to turn such 
assignments. 

639
00:32:44,900 --> 00:32:49,100
The warehouse is vast and dim 
rows of barrels and crates 

640
00:32:49,100 --> 00:32:51,000
stretched toward Shadows at the 
far end. 

641
00:32:51,000 --> 00:32:56,100
The smell is complex sugar, and 
tobacco, and spices, and tars 

642
00:32:56,100 --> 00:32:58,600
also rats and damp wood, and 
mold your nose. 

643
00:32:58,600 --> 00:33:01,900
Sorts through these scents 
automatically, identifying each 

644
00:33:01,900 --> 00:33:03,600
component without conscious 
effort. 

645
00:33:04,300 --> 00:33:07,900
You work alongside five other 
men, the task is to reorganize 

646
00:33:07,900 --> 00:33:10,300
cargo, according to ownership 
and destination. 

647
00:33:11,100 --> 00:33:13,400
Goods Bound for the same, 
Merchant must be grouped 

648
00:33:13,400 --> 00:33:15,700
together. 
Items heading to the same city 

649
00:33:15,700 --> 00:33:19,200
must be accessible for loading. 
The system requires both 

650
00:33:19,200 --> 00:33:22,200
physical effort, and careful 
attention to markings. 

651
00:33:22,200 --> 00:33:25,300
And labels, the work proceeds 
with steady efficiency. 

652
00:33:25,300 --> 00:33:28,900
Barrels are rolled into new 
positions, creates a stacked 

653
00:33:28,900 --> 00:33:30,900
according to size and weight. 
Heavy items. 

654
00:33:30,900 --> 00:33:33,600
Go on the bottom fragile. 
Goods are placed where they will

655
00:33:33,600 --> 00:33:36,600
not be crushed. 
The logic is simple but the 

656
00:33:36,600 --> 00:33:39,700
execution requires experience 
outside. 

657
00:33:39,700 --> 00:33:42,400
The rain continues. 
Without pause water leaks 

658
00:33:42,400 --> 00:33:44,700
through gaps in the roof and 
forms puddles on the floor. 

659
00:33:44,700 --> 00:33:47,800
You step around these pools. 
Instinctively wet. 

660
00:33:47,800 --> 00:33:50,700
Footing is dangerous. 
When moving heavy loads, a slip 

661
00:33:50,700 --> 00:33:53,400
could result in injury. 
You have seen men crushed by 

662
00:33:53,408 --> 00:33:56,100
Falling cargo. 
The memory keeps you cautious. 

663
00:33:57,000 --> 00:33:59,800
A mid-morning, a Clark arrives, 
to verify the organization. 

664
00:33:59,800 --> 00:34:02,600
He carries a ledger and walks 
slowly between the stacks 

665
00:34:02,600 --> 00:34:04,800
checking items against his 
records. 

666
00:34:04,800 --> 00:34:08,300
His clothes and neat and dry. 
His hands are clean. 

667
00:34:08,300 --> 00:34:10,900
He represents a different kind 
of dock work. 

668
00:34:10,900 --> 00:34:14,100
One that involves ink and paper 
rather than muscle and sweat. 

669
00:34:15,100 --> 00:34:18,300
You have never envied this role.
The physical satisfaction of 

670
00:34:18,300 --> 00:34:21,000
moving cargo appeals to you more
than the abstract work of 

671
00:34:21,007 --> 00:34:24,000
accounting. 
The Clark finds several errors, 

672
00:34:24,000 --> 00:34:26,300
Barrels have been placed in the 
wrong groups. 

673
00:34:26,300 --> 00:34:28,400
Crates are stacked in incorrect 
order. 

674
00:34:29,100 --> 00:34:30,900
He points these out with patient
Precision. 

675
00:34:30,900 --> 00:34:34,400
There is no anger in his voice. 
Mistakes are expected. 

676
00:34:34,400 --> 00:34:36,699
Correction is part of the 
process. 

677
00:34:36,699 --> 00:34:39,500
You and the other workers make 
the necessary adjustments 

678
00:34:39,500 --> 00:34:41,699
without complaint. 
By noon. 

679
00:34:41,699 --> 00:34:43,300
The warehouse is properly 
organized. 

680
00:34:43,300 --> 00:34:47,500
The Clark signs off on the work 
and departs, the rain has 

681
00:34:47,500 --> 00:34:50,400
lessened to a steady drizzle. 
You step outside during the 

682
00:34:50,400 --> 00:34:52,800
break and let the water wash 
some of the warehouse dust from 

683
00:34:52,800 --> 00:34:55,699
your clothes and skin. 
The coolness is refreshing. 

684
00:34:55,699 --> 00:34:59,100
After hours, in the clothes are 
inside, you eat bread and cheese

685
00:34:59,100 --> 00:35:02,600
purchased from a woman who sells
food from a covered cart The 

686
00:35:02,600 --> 00:35:06,500
cheese is sharp and crumbly the 
bread is dense and filling you 

687
00:35:06,500 --> 00:35:09,000
wash it down with weak beer. 
That tastes faintly of the 

688
00:35:09,000 --> 00:35:12,100
barrel at came from the meal 
provides energy, without being 

689
00:35:12,100 --> 00:35:15,800
heavy enough to cause drowsiness
other workers gather under any 

690
00:35:15,800 --> 00:35:19,100
of available shelter, some smoke
some talk quietly. 

691
00:35:19,100 --> 00:35:22,400
A few simply stand and stare at 
nothing in particular. 

692
00:35:23,400 --> 00:35:26,600
The brake offers a chance for 
Minds to rest, as well as bodies

693
00:35:26,600 --> 00:35:29,700
the appreciate this brief, pause
in the days demands. 

694
00:35:30,400 --> 00:35:33,000
Ships struggles to make its way 
up River against the current and

695
00:35:33,000 --> 00:35:35,400
the tide. 
The vessels are reefed 

696
00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:39,100
progresses slow you watch the 
crew work the roads and adjust 

697
00:35:39,100 --> 00:35:41,700
their position. 
Sailors possess skills, that 

698
00:35:41,700 --> 00:35:45,300
seem almost magical to you. 
The ability to read wind and 

699
00:35:45,300 --> 00:35:48,200
water and turn these forces to 
Advantage requires knowledge. 

700
00:35:48,200 --> 00:35:51,600
You do not possess your content 
to remain on Solid Ground. 

701
00:35:51,600 --> 00:35:55,100
The afternoon brings more 
warehouse work this time. 

702
00:35:55,100 --> 00:35:57,500
You're moving Goods out rather 
than organizing them. 

703
00:35:57,500 --> 00:36:00,600
A merchant has sold a quantity 
of tobacco to buyers in the 

704
00:36:00,608 --> 00:36:02,800
city. 
The barrels must be loaded onto 

705
00:36:02,800 --> 00:36:06,200
carts for transport. 
The work is straightforward, but

706
00:36:06,200 --> 00:36:09,200
requires steady effort. 
You develop a rhythm with the 

707
00:36:09,200 --> 00:36:11,900
other workers. 
One team tips, barrels onto 

708
00:36:11,900 --> 00:36:14,800
their edges and another guide 
them toward the loading area. 

709
00:36:14,800 --> 00:36:17,100
A third, secures them on the 
carts. 

710
00:36:17,900 --> 00:36:20,800
Process flows smoothly. 
When everyone understands their 

711
00:36:20,800 --> 00:36:22,900
role. 
Coordination happens through 

712
00:36:22,900 --> 00:36:25,400
small gestures and occasional 
brief instructions. 

713
00:36:25,400 --> 00:36:30,000
The rain finally stops late in 
the afternoon clouds break apart

714
00:36:30,000 --> 00:36:34,600
and reveal patches of blue sky. 
Sunlight appears in slanted, 

715
00:36:34,600 --> 00:36:37,200
beams that illuminate, the dust 
and moisture in the air. 

716
00:36:38,300 --> 00:36:41,600
The transformation is dramatic, 
the entire docklands seems to 

717
00:36:41,608 --> 00:36:45,600
brighten and lift workers moods 
improve, noticeably by the end 

718
00:36:45,600 --> 00:36:48,600
of the day, your clothes have 
begun to dry, they feel stiff 

719
00:36:48,600 --> 00:36:51,300
and uncomfortable, but at least 
they are not actively wet. 

720
00:36:51,300 --> 00:36:54,900
You collect your wages and head 
toward home, the streets 

721
00:36:54,900 --> 00:36:56,800
glisten, with puddles and 
running water. 

722
00:36:56,800 --> 00:37:00,900
The cobblestones of being washed
clean, everything looks fresher 

723
00:37:00,900 --> 00:37:03,500
and newer. 
Tonight, you decide to stop at 

724
00:37:03,500 --> 00:37:07,100
the prospect of Whitby, the rain
has left you feeling like you 

725
00:37:07,100 --> 00:37:10,700
deserve some small Comfort, a 
drink or two, seems appropriate?

726
00:37:11,500 --> 00:37:14,500
you push open the tavern door 
and step into warmth the noise 

727
00:37:14,500 --> 00:37:17,300
and The smell of Pipe, smoke and
Spilled beer. 

728
00:37:18,400 --> 00:37:21,700
The prospect is crowded as 
always workers from the docks. 

729
00:37:21,700 --> 00:37:24,400
Fill the common room, they lean 
against the bar or sit at Rough 

730
00:37:24,400 --> 00:37:27,800
wooden tables conversations. 
Blend into a general Roar of 

731
00:37:27,800 --> 00:37:31,500
voices laughter, erupts from a 
corner where someone has told a 

732
00:37:31,500 --> 00:37:33,900
joke, the atmosphere is cheerful
and relaxed. 

733
00:37:33,900 --> 00:37:36,400
You find a space at the bar and 
order a rail. 

734
00:37:36,400 --> 00:37:40,200
The barkeep draws it from a 
wooden cast and Slide the tanker

735
00:37:40,200 --> 00:37:43,000
cross the wet surface. 
You pay with a coin and receive 

736
00:37:43,000 --> 00:37:44,700
change that you pocket without 
counting. 

737
00:37:44,700 --> 00:37:47,200
The AIL is dark and slightly 
sweet. 

738
00:37:48,000 --> 00:37:51,200
The first swallow Goes Down 
Smooth and pleasant you turn to 

739
00:37:51,200 --> 00:37:53,500
survey the room. 
Many phases are familiar. 

740
00:37:53,500 --> 00:37:57,900
You not at many recognized, they
not back these acknowledgments 

741
00:37:57,900 --> 00:38:01,200
constitute the full extent of 
social interaction from most 

742
00:38:01,200 --> 00:38:03,900
Dock, Workers deeper, 
friendships are rare. 

743
00:38:03,900 --> 00:38:08,200
The work is too transient men. 
Come and go ships, arrive and 

744
00:38:08,200 --> 00:38:11,100
depart connections, remain 
shallow and practical. 

745
00:38:12,300 --> 00:38:16,100
A sailor sits alone at nearby 
table, he is old for his trade. 

746
00:38:16,100 --> 00:38:20,100
Perhaps 50, his face is whether 
to the color and texture of old 

747
00:38:20,100 --> 00:38:23,000
leather He drinks steadily and 
stares at nothing. 

748
00:38:24,200 --> 00:38:28,100
You wonder what Memories occupy,
his thoughts Decades of voyages,

749
00:38:28,100 --> 00:38:32,900
storms, and calms ports, visited
in every corner of the world. 

750
00:38:32,900 --> 00:38:36,100
The life of a sailor. 
Seems both thrilling and 

751
00:38:36,100 --> 00:38:39,500
exhausting two men, near the 
fire engaged and allowed 

752
00:38:39,500 --> 00:38:42,400
discussion about wages one, 
argues that doc workers are 

753
00:38:42,400 --> 00:38:44,600
underpaid. 
The other insists that the work 

754
00:38:44,600 --> 00:38:46,800
is unskilled and therefore 
properly compensated. 

755
00:38:47,500 --> 00:38:50,400
Neither seems interested in the 
other's perspective, the 

756
00:38:50,400 --> 00:38:52,300
argument serves. 
Mainly as entertainment for 

757
00:38:52,300 --> 00:38:55,100
listeners, you finish your first
day and consider ordering 

758
00:38:55,100 --> 00:38:58,100
another the Temptation is 
strong, the tavern is 

759
00:38:58,100 --> 00:39:01,100
comfortable, the beer is good, 
but tomorrow will come. 

760
00:39:01,100 --> 00:39:05,300
Whether you are ready or not. 
Clear head seems wise and 

761
00:39:05,300 --> 00:39:07,900
temporary pleasure you decide to
leave off. 

762
00:39:07,900 --> 00:39:11,200
After this drink, the door opens
and a group of new arrivals 

763
00:39:11,200 --> 00:39:13,600
enters. 
They bring cold air and Noise 

764
00:39:13,600 --> 00:39:15,700
with them. 
One man, calls out a greeting, 

765
00:39:15,700 --> 00:39:18,900
to the room at large. 
Several people responded, the 

766
00:39:18,900 --> 00:39:21,400
new group pushes toward the bar,
creating a crush of bodies. 

767
00:39:21,400 --> 00:39:23,700
You take this as a sign to 
depart. 

768
00:39:24,700 --> 00:39:27,500
Outside the evening has settled 
in to full Darkness. 

769
00:39:28,200 --> 00:39:29,900
Stars are visible between the 
clouds. 

770
00:39:29,900 --> 00:39:32,000
The air smells clean after the 
rain. 

771
00:39:32,000 --> 00:39:34,900
You walk slowly enjoying the 
quiet. 

772
00:39:34,900 --> 00:39:38,700
After the taverns noise, your 
route takes you past dark and 

773
00:39:38,700 --> 00:39:42,600
shops, and lip Windows behind 
the glass families, gather for 

774
00:39:42,600 --> 00:39:45,100
evening meals, or settle into 
their own evening. 

775
00:39:45,100 --> 00:39:48,600
Rituals, he passed a small 
Church set back from the street.

776
00:39:49,400 --> 00:39:52,400
the building is old probably 
dating from before the great 

777
00:39:52,400 --> 00:39:57,100
fire stone walls, narrow windows
and modest belt our The church 

778
00:39:57,100 --> 00:39:59,800
serves the docklands community 
but you have never attended 

779
00:39:59,800 --> 00:40:03,600
Services, religion seems 
disconnected from the Practical 

780
00:40:03,600 --> 00:40:07,300
concerns of your daily life. 
A Watchman makes his rounds 

781
00:40:07,300 --> 00:40:11,200
calling out the our his voice 
Echoes between buildings, the 

782
00:40:11,200 --> 00:40:14,700
cries, both reassuring and 
slightly Melancholy, it marks 

783
00:40:14,700 --> 00:40:17,700
time, passing and remind 
everyone that the night grows 

784
00:40:17,700 --> 00:40:19,600
deeper, you have heard this 
call. 

785
00:40:19,600 --> 00:40:23,000
Every evening for years, it has 
become part of the texture of 

786
00:40:23,008 --> 00:40:25,200
life. 
Here, you reach your lodging and

787
00:40:25,200 --> 00:40:28,700
climb the stairs. 
The room is cold, but dry you 

788
00:40:28,700 --> 00:40:31,600
light, a candle and prepare for 
bed tomorrow, you will wake 

789
00:40:31,600 --> 00:40:32,900
early and repeat today's 
pattern. 

790
00:40:32,900 --> 00:40:35,200
This certainly is comforting in 
its way. 

791
00:40:35,200 --> 00:40:39,800
You know, what to expect the 
work is hard, but familiar the 

792
00:40:39,800 --> 00:40:42,500
wages are adequate. 
Life continues in its 

793
00:40:42,500 --> 00:40:44,900
established. 
Groove Sunday, arrives with 

794
00:40:44,900 --> 00:40:48,100
bells churches throughout the 
docklands ring, their calls to 

795
00:40:48,100 --> 00:40:52,300
worship The Sounds layer over 
each other, creating a Cascade 

796
00:40:52,300 --> 00:40:55,000
of notes that fills the air, you
lie in bed. 

797
00:40:55,000 --> 00:40:56,900
Listening, the bells are 
Pleasant. 

798
00:40:56,900 --> 00:40:59,200
Even though you have no 
intention of answering their 

799
00:40:59,200 --> 00:41:03,400
summons, Sunday is different 
from other days, work stops the 

800
00:41:03,400 --> 00:41:06,900
docks for quiet ship's remain at
Curl tied to wolves. 

801
00:41:06,900 --> 00:41:10,500
No cargo moves. 
No Merchants shout instructions.

802
00:41:10,500 --> 00:41:13,200
The entire neighborhood shifts 
into a slower Rhythm. 

803
00:41:13,200 --> 00:41:17,100
Even the river seems to rest You
rise late and dress slowly. 

804
00:41:17,100 --> 00:41:20,200
There is no hurry, the day 
belongs to you. 

805
00:41:21,000 --> 00:41:24,000
This freedom feels almost 
unfamiliar after six days of 

806
00:41:24,000 --> 00:41:27,400
structured labor, you descend to
the street and find it nearly 

807
00:41:27,400 --> 00:41:29,800
empty. 
Most people are either in church

808
00:41:29,800 --> 00:41:32,200
or still in bed. 
You walk without particular 

809
00:41:32,200 --> 00:41:36,700
destination, the morning is cool
and clear sunlight Slants 

810
00:41:36,700 --> 00:41:38,700
between buildings and reflects 
off Windows. 

811
00:41:38,700 --> 00:41:42,200
You notice details that escaped 
your attention during the work 

812
00:41:42,200 --> 00:41:45,000
week. 
Adore, painted an unusual shade 

813
00:41:45,000 --> 00:41:47,700
of blue. 
Flowers growing in a window box,

814
00:41:47,700 --> 00:41:51,500
a cat sleeping on a warm 
doorstep the river draws you. 

815
00:41:51,500 --> 00:41:54,900
As always, you make your way to 
the Waterfront and find a spot 

816
00:41:54,900 --> 00:41:58,600
to sit on the stone stairs. 
The Tide is low, mudflat 

817
00:41:58,600 --> 00:42:01,700
stretched toward the channel. 
A few goals, pick through the 

818
00:42:01,700 --> 00:42:05,400
exposed settlement searching for
food, their cries carry across 

819
00:42:05,400 --> 00:42:09,700
the open space ship, sit at odd 
angles on the riverbed without 

820
00:42:09,700 --> 00:42:12,200
water to support them. 
Their true shapes become 

821
00:42:12,200 --> 00:42:14,800
visible. 
The curves of holes, the 

822
00:42:14,800 --> 00:42:17,600
thickness of planking, the 
massive anchors that normally 

823
00:42:17,600 --> 00:42:19,100
hang invisible beneath the 
surface. 

824
00:42:19,100 --> 00:42:21,400
You study these details with 
interest. 

825
00:42:22,200 --> 00:42:25,000
Ships are such familiar objects,
that you rarely look at them 

826
00:42:25,000 --> 00:42:27,800
closely. 
Small boat crosses the river. 

827
00:42:27,800 --> 00:42:29,800
The watermen rose with steady 
Strokes. 

828
00:42:29,800 --> 00:42:32,700
His passenger appears to be a 
gentleman heading somewhere for 

829
00:42:32,700 --> 00:42:35,800
Sunday, visits the boats. 
Wait creates ripples that spread

830
00:42:35,800 --> 00:42:38,200
and fade. 
The water is calm today. 

831
00:42:38,208 --> 00:42:41,500
No wind disturbs. 
The surface you remain on the 

832
00:42:41,508 --> 00:42:43,100
stairs for an hour simply 
watching. 

833
00:42:44,400 --> 00:42:47,700
This kind of unstructured. 
Time is rare in your life, you 

834
00:42:47,700 --> 00:42:51,800
have no plans, no obligations, 
no one expects anything from 

835
00:42:51,800 --> 00:42:54,200
you. 
The freedom is both Pleasant and

836
00:42:54,200 --> 00:42:57,000
slightly uncomfortable. 
You're accustomed to have your 

837
00:42:57,000 --> 00:43:00,300
hours defined by work. 
Eventually hunger drives you to 

838
00:43:00,300 --> 00:43:02,300
move. 
You walk to a bakery that opens 

839
00:43:02,300 --> 00:43:04,800
on Sunday mornings. 
The shop is small and the 

840
00:43:04,800 --> 00:43:06,800
selection is limited, but the 
bread is fresh. 

841
00:43:06,800 --> 00:43:10,200
You buy a loaf and eat it. 
While walking, the crust is 

842
00:43:10,200 --> 00:43:13,800
crisp and the inside is soft and
still warm from the other you 

843
00:43:13,800 --> 00:43:16,600
wander through neighborhoods. 
You do not normally visit the 

844
00:43:16,600 --> 00:43:19,200
streets are similar to your own,
but different in small ways. 

845
00:43:19,200 --> 00:43:22,800
Different shops, different 
churches, different phases in 

846
00:43:22,808 --> 00:43:26,000
the windows. 
London is vast even limiting 

847
00:43:26,000 --> 00:43:28,600
yourself to the docklands. 
You could walk for hours and 

848
00:43:28,600 --> 00:43:31,000
never cover. 
All the streets and allies by 

849
00:43:31,000 --> 00:43:33,000
midday. 
You find yourself near Shadwell.

850
00:43:33,000 --> 00:43:35,000
This area is rougher than 
whopping. 

851
00:43:35,000 --> 00:43:37,300
The building's are older and 
more decrepit. 

852
00:43:38,300 --> 00:43:41,700
People look harder, you do not 
feel unsafe exactly but you are 

853
00:43:41,700 --> 00:43:43,900
aware of being outside. 
Your familiar territory. 

854
00:43:43,900 --> 00:43:46,600
You turn back toward more known 
streets. 

855
00:43:46,600 --> 00:43:49,900
The group of children, play some
game involving a ball and 

856
00:43:49,900 --> 00:43:52,900
sticks, they run and Shout with 
Boundless Energy. 

857
00:43:52,900 --> 00:43:55,500
That laughter is pure and 
unselfconscious. 

858
00:43:55,500 --> 00:43:58,900
You watch them for a moment, 
remembering your own childhood. 

859
00:43:58,900 --> 00:44:01,400
Those years seemed impossibly 
distant. 

860
00:44:01,400 --> 00:44:03,300
Now, you are a different person 
then. 

861
00:44:04,800 --> 00:44:08,400
The afternoon passes in gentle 
wandering, you stop at a 

862
00:44:08,400 --> 00:44:11,700
churchyard and sit on a bench 
among the gravestones the dead. 

863
00:44:11,700 --> 00:44:16,400
Rest Beneath Your Feet, their 
Stones record brief facts names 

864
00:44:16,400 --> 00:44:19,500
and dates occasionally, a 
professional or an achievement. 

865
00:44:19,500 --> 00:44:22,700
Most a weathered and hard to 
read time. 

866
00:44:22,700 --> 00:44:26,000
Erases everything eventually you
think about your own eventual 

867
00:44:26,000 --> 00:44:28,500
death? 
It will come someday perhaps in 

868
00:44:28,500 --> 00:44:30,200
many years. 
Perhaps, tomorrow. 

869
00:44:30,200 --> 00:44:33,600
Dock is dangerous accidents 
happen. 

870
00:44:33,600 --> 00:44:37,200
You try not to dwell on this but
it is impossible to ignore 

871
00:44:37,200 --> 00:44:40,400
completely. 
Life feels fragile in moments 

872
00:44:40,400 --> 00:44:44,500
like this, the sun begins its 
descent toward evening, you rise

873
00:44:44,500 --> 00:44:46,800
from the bench and make your way
home the streets. 

874
00:44:46,800 --> 00:44:49,000
Are busier. 
Now church services of ended 

875
00:44:49,000 --> 00:44:51,700
families. 
Walk together children run ahead

876
00:44:51,700 --> 00:44:54,900
of parents the neighborhood 
returns to its normal animation.

877
00:44:54,900 --> 00:44:56,700
You spend the evening in your 
room. 

878
00:44:56,700 --> 00:45:00,600
You have a book that you read 
occasionally The pages are worn 

879
00:45:00,600 --> 00:45:02,800
and The Binding is loose. 
But the story still hold 

880
00:45:02,800 --> 00:45:05,400
interest tonight. 
You read about travels in 

881
00:45:05,408 --> 00:45:09,100
foreign lands, the descriptions 
transport you temporarily from 

882
00:45:09,100 --> 00:45:11,700
your small room to places. 
You will never actually visit 

883
00:45:12,500 --> 00:45:14,700
Darkness Falls and you light 
your candle. 

884
00:45:15,200 --> 00:45:18,700
The flame creates Shadows that 
dance on the walls, you can 

885
00:45:18,700 --> 00:45:21,700
continue reading until your 
eyes, grow tired, then you mark 

886
00:45:21,700 --> 00:45:25,500
your place and set the book 
aside tomorrow begins another 

887
00:45:25,500 --> 00:45:28,400
week. 
We will resume, you are ready 

888
00:45:28,400 --> 00:45:31,900
for it. 
Autumn deepens as weaks pass the

889
00:45:31,900 --> 00:45:34,900
air grows colder mornings 
require thicker clothing? 

890
00:45:35,600 --> 00:45:39,000
Your breath becomes visible. 
When you step outside the change

891
00:45:39,000 --> 00:45:42,100
happens gradually but inevitably
Summer is gone. 

892
00:45:42,100 --> 00:45:45,400
Winter, approaches the river 
changes with the seasons. 

893
00:45:45,400 --> 00:45:47,700
Autumn brings higher tides and 
stronger. 

894
00:45:47,700 --> 00:45:50,300
Currents ships must be more 
carefully. 

895
00:45:50,300 --> 00:45:53,300
Moored cargo must be protected 
from increasing rain. 

896
00:45:53,300 --> 00:45:55,700
The work adjusts to accommodate 
these conditions. 

897
00:45:55,700 --> 00:45:59,400
You wear an oil skin coat during
wet weather, your fingers grow 

898
00:45:59,400 --> 00:46:02,700
numb, but you keep working trade
patterns shift with the calendar

899
00:46:02,700 --> 00:46:05,300
ships that carried summer 
fruits, and perishables. 

900
00:46:05,300 --> 00:46:08,900
Now, bring preserved Goods, 
barrels of salted fish, crates 

901
00:46:08,900 --> 00:46:12,900
of dried fruit sacks of grain, 
the cargo reflects what can 

902
00:46:12,900 --> 00:46:14,800
survive long, ocean voyages, and
Colder Weather. 

903
00:46:14,800 --> 00:46:17,300
You notice the merchants 
changing their focus. 

904
00:46:17,300 --> 00:46:21,600
Winter is coming demand for 
calling increases ships, arrived

905
00:46:21,600 --> 00:46:24,700
from Newcastle, loaded with 
black fuel, the unloading of 

906
00:46:24,700 --> 00:46:27,600
coal is brutal work. 
The dust gets everywhere. 

907
00:46:27,600 --> 00:46:31,600
Your skin turns gray your lungs 
feel heavy, but the pay is 

908
00:46:31,600 --> 00:46:33,900
slightly higher. 
This makes the discomfort 

909
00:46:33,900 --> 00:46:36,800
acceptable. 
One morning, you arrived at the 

910
00:46:36,800 --> 00:46:40,500
Docks to find ice forming along 
the river edges, thin sheets 

911
00:46:40,500 --> 00:46:42,300
that crack under the slightest 
pressure. 

912
00:46:43,000 --> 00:46:46,000
The Isis beautiful. 
In its way, it catches the early

913
00:46:46,000 --> 00:46:49,200
light and sparkles but it also 
signals harder. 

914
00:46:49,200 --> 00:46:52,100
Times ahead. 
Severe Winter's can freeze the 

915
00:46:52,100 --> 00:46:55,300
Thames solid when that happens. 
Work stops completely. 

916
00:46:56,400 --> 00:46:59,800
The former assigns you to a crew
loading Timber onto a ship Bound

917
00:46:59,800 --> 00:47:02,600
for Portugal. 
The wood comes from forest far 

918
00:47:02,600 --> 00:47:05,000
to the North. 
It has traveled by river and 

919
00:47:05,000 --> 00:47:08,200
Canal to reach London. 
Now it will cross the ocean to 

920
00:47:08,200 --> 00:47:10,900
build houses or ships or 
Furniture in warmer climates. 

921
00:47:10,900 --> 00:47:13,900
You find this movement of 
materials, endlessly. 

922
00:47:13,900 --> 00:47:17,800
Fascinating the timber is heavy 
and awkward to handle each 

923
00:47:17,800 --> 00:47:20,100
plank. 
Must be carried by two men, you 

924
00:47:20,100 --> 00:47:22,000
walk in careful. 
Synchronization with your 

925
00:47:22,000 --> 00:47:24,600
partner, the wood presses into 
your shoulder. 

926
00:47:24,600 --> 00:47:28,300
Splinters catch in your clothes.
By the end of the day, you will 

927
00:47:28,300 --> 00:47:30,200
be covered in sawdust and tree 
sap. 

928
00:47:30,800 --> 00:47:34,100
The work continues through 
November and into December days.

929
00:47:34,100 --> 00:47:37,400
Grocery shorter, you arrived at 
the docks in darkness and 

930
00:47:37,400 --> 00:47:40,500
leaving Darkness. 
The middle hours of daylight are

931
00:47:40,500 --> 00:47:43,400
consumed by labor. 
You rarely see the son except on

932
00:47:43,400 --> 00:47:47,600
Sundays winter brings different 
challenges, cold makes fingers 

933
00:47:47,600 --> 00:47:52,000
clumsy ropes becomes stiff and 
difficult to handle metal tools 

934
00:47:52,000 --> 00:47:55,500
feel like ice against beskin. 
You learn to work wearing gloves

935
00:47:55,500 --> 00:47:59,200
despite the loss of dexterity. 
Frostbite is a real danger. 

936
00:47:59,200 --> 00:48:02,100
The neighborhood takes on a 
different character in Winter 

937
00:48:02,100 --> 00:48:05,000
smoke, from countless fires, 
fills the air. 

938
00:48:05,000 --> 00:48:09,600
The smell of burning coal, 
becomes constant, Windows Frost 

939
00:48:09,600 --> 00:48:12,400
over at night water in basins 
freezes. 

940
00:48:12,400 --> 00:48:16,000
You wake some mornings to find 
ice formed on the inside of your

941
00:48:16,000 --> 00:48:19,500
window, food changes with the 
season, fresh vegetables, 

942
00:48:19,500 --> 00:48:23,100
disappear meals, consist of 
bread and preserved, meats and 

943
00:48:23,108 --> 00:48:25,000
root vegetables, stored from the
Harvest. 

944
00:48:25,600 --> 00:48:28,000
The monotony becomes wearing you
dream. 

945
00:48:28,000 --> 00:48:31,000
Sometimes of Summer, fruits, 
apples and cherries and 

946
00:48:31,000 --> 00:48:33,700
strawberries. 
These fantasies are pointless, 

947
00:48:33,700 --> 00:48:37,200
but persistent. 
Christmas approaches the docks 

948
00:48:37,200 --> 00:48:39,900
will close for a few days. 
This annual pause is both 

949
00:48:39,900 --> 00:48:42,000
welcome and worrying. 
Welcome? 

950
00:48:42,000 --> 00:48:44,000
Because your body desperately 
needs rest. 

951
00:48:44,900 --> 00:48:47,400
Worrying because the lost wages,
create hardship. 

952
00:48:47,400 --> 00:48:50,400
You have saved a small amount 
but it will not last long. 

953
00:48:50,400 --> 00:48:53,400
The neighborhood prepares for 
the Holiday, Inn modest ways, 

954
00:48:53,400 --> 00:48:57,400
some houses, display Greenery in
Windows, a few shops, offer 

955
00:48:57,400 --> 00:49:00,300
special Goods. 
The general atmosphere comes 

956
00:49:00,300 --> 00:49:02,700
slightly more cheerful people 
exchanged. 

957
00:49:02,700 --> 00:49:05,800
Greetings more freely, The 
hardness of daily life. 

958
00:49:05,800 --> 00:49:06,800
Softens. 
Just a bit. 

959
00:49:06,808 --> 00:49:09,300
You receive your last wages 
before the holiday. 

960
00:49:10,200 --> 00:49:11,200
The foreman. 
Wishes everyone. 

961
00:49:11,200 --> 00:49:13,800
Well you thank him and head 
toward the shops. 

962
00:49:13,800 --> 00:49:15,900
You need to purchase supplies to
carry you. 

963
00:49:15,900 --> 00:49:18,200
Through the idol days, bread 
cheese. 

964
00:49:18,200 --> 00:49:22,300
A small piece of salted. 
Pork candles the coins 

965
00:49:22,300 --> 00:49:24,600
disappear. 
Quickly on Christmas Eve, the 

966
00:49:24,600 --> 00:49:27,200
taverns are packed. 
You stop at the Prospect and 

967
00:49:27,200 --> 00:49:28,900
find barely enough room to 
stand. 

968
00:49:28,900 --> 00:49:32,600
The noise is tremendous, 
everyone talks and laughs at 

969
00:49:32,600 --> 00:49:34,400
once. 
The bar keeps struggles to keep 

970
00:49:34,400 --> 00:49:36,800
up with orders. 
You drink your rail quickly, and

971
00:49:36,800 --> 00:49:39,100
leave. 
The crowd is too much after a 

972
00:49:39,100 --> 00:49:42,400
long day. 
Outside snow begins to fall 

973
00:49:42,400 --> 00:49:45,200
small flakes, drift down through
the darkness. 

974
00:49:45,200 --> 00:49:47,800
They melt when they hit the 
ground, but keep coming. 

975
00:49:48,600 --> 00:49:51,800
By morning, there might be 
accumulation, the prospect of a 

976
00:49:51,800 --> 00:49:53,700
white Christmas. 
Pleases you in some Childish 

977
00:49:53,700 --> 00:49:57,600
way, you cannot quite explain. 
You climb to your room and watch

978
00:49:57,600 --> 00:50:01,100
the snow through your window. 
The flakes, swirl and dance in 

979
00:50:01,100 --> 00:50:04,300
the Lamplight from the street. 
The scene has a magical quality 

980
00:50:04,300 --> 00:50:07,300
that makes you forget briefly 
about cold and work and worry. 

981
00:50:08,300 --> 00:50:12,400
You stand there for a long time,
simply observing January brings,

982
00:50:12,400 --> 00:50:15,500
the hardest cold. 
The temps freezes in place is 

983
00:50:15,500 --> 00:50:19,100
ice forms along the shores and 
extends toward the center of the

984
00:50:19,100 --> 00:50:22,300
river. 
Ships, become trapped captains. 

985
00:50:22,300 --> 00:50:26,000
Wait, anxiously for a Thor that 
allows them to move the entire 

986
00:50:26,000 --> 00:50:28,500
Port slows to a fraction of its 
normal activity. 

987
00:50:28,500 --> 00:50:32,700
Work becomes scarce. 
The foreman has less to assign 

988
00:50:32,700 --> 00:50:36,400
each day, some mornings. 
You're not chose them, you 

989
00:50:36,400 --> 00:50:38,800
return to your room and try to 
make your saved coins last. 

990
00:50:38,800 --> 00:50:43,000
These Idol days are frustrating,
your body wants activity, your 

991
00:50:43,000 --> 00:50:46,600
mind needs occupation. 
Sitting in a cold room with 

992
00:50:46,600 --> 00:50:48,600
nothing to do breeds dark. 
Thoughts. 

993
00:50:49,300 --> 00:50:52,000
You walk the neighborhood to 
pass time are there? 

994
00:50:52,008 --> 00:50:55,700
Unemployed workers do the same. 
You see the same faces day after

995
00:50:55,700 --> 00:50:57,700
day? 
No one speaks much. 

996
00:50:57,700 --> 00:51:01,600
What is there to say everyone 
faces the same situation? 

997
00:51:01,600 --> 00:51:06,400
Complaining serves no purpose. 
The cold penetrates everything 

998
00:51:06,400 --> 00:51:08,700
your room. 
Never feels warm despite the 

999
00:51:08,700 --> 00:51:11,700
small fire, you allow yourself. 
You wear all your clothes at. 

1000
00:51:11,700 --> 00:51:15,800
Once you sleep under every 
blanket, you own Still the chill

1001
00:51:15,800 --> 00:51:18,600
finds ways through you. 
Notice people, beginning to 

1002
00:51:18,600 --> 00:51:22,100
look, thinner meals, become 
smaller, the pinch of winter. 

1003
00:51:22,100 --> 00:51:25,400
Hunger sets in, you reduce your 
own food consumption to make 

1004
00:51:25,400 --> 00:51:27,700
supplies. 
Last, a heel of bread for 

1005
00:51:27,700 --> 00:51:29,800
breakfast. 
Weak, soup for dinner. 

1006
00:51:29,800 --> 00:51:33,500
Nothing else your stomach 
complains, but you ignore it. 

1007
00:51:34,300 --> 00:51:36,200
Some relief comes from 
unexpected sources. 

1008
00:51:36,200 --> 00:51:39,900
A church opens its doors to 
provide warm space during 

1009
00:51:39,900 --> 00:51:42,600
daylight hours. 
You go there, not for religion, 

1010
00:51:42,600 --> 00:51:46,200
but for heat, You sit in a Pew 
and let your body absorb warmth 

1011
00:51:46,200 --> 00:51:48,400
from are heated by the mass of 
other bodies. 

1012
00:51:48,400 --> 00:51:51,500
No one bothers you. 
The church asks nothing in 

1013
00:51:51,500 --> 00:51:52,500
return. 
For this shelter. 

1014
00:51:52,500 --> 00:51:56,200
A merchant unexpectedly hires 
workers to clear, snow, from his

1015
00:51:56,200 --> 00:51:58,100
Warehouse roof, you are 
selected. 

1016
00:51:58,100 --> 00:52:02,100
The work is cold and dangerous, 
but you are grateful for it, the

1017
00:52:02,100 --> 00:52:05,800
wages by food and fuel. 
That night, you eat a proper 

1018
00:52:05,808 --> 00:52:07,500
meal and sleep beside a decent 
fire. 

1019
00:52:07,500 --> 00:52:12,000
These simple Comforts feel like 
luxury February arrives with 

1020
00:52:12,000 --> 00:52:14,900
slightly longer days. 
The sun shows itself. 

1021
00:52:14,900 --> 00:52:19,100
More often you feel your spirits
lift incrementally The worst of 

1022
00:52:19,100 --> 00:52:23,100
winter may be passed, this hope 
is fragile, but real, you hold 

1023
00:52:23,100 --> 00:52:26,200
on to it, the ice on the Thames 
begins to break up. 

1024
00:52:26,200 --> 00:52:30,000
You watch from the Waterfront as
huge chunks float, Downstream 

1025
00:52:30,000 --> 00:52:34,100
the sound of grinding, ice 
carries across the water ships. 

1026
00:52:34,100 --> 00:52:37,600
Prepare to move again, the port 
is waking from its frozen sleep.

1027
00:52:38,400 --> 00:52:42,200
Work resumes gradually first a 
day here and there then several 

1028
00:52:42,200 --> 00:52:44,900
days in a row. 
Finally, the full Rhythm 

1029
00:52:44,900 --> 00:52:47,500
returns. 
You fall back into the pattern 

1030
00:52:47,500 --> 00:52:50,000
with relief. 
The predictable exhaustion of 

1031
00:52:50,000 --> 00:52:52,700
Labor is preferable to the 
uncertain anxiety of idleness. 

1032
00:52:53,500 --> 00:52:56,700
Spring approaches slowly. 
You see the first signs in late 

1033
00:52:56,700 --> 00:53:01,500
March buds on trees. 
Early Sunrise is a gentleness in

1034
00:53:01,500 --> 00:53:03,300
the air that promises warmth to 
come. 

1035
00:53:03,300 --> 00:53:06,700
These changes register in your 
body as much as your mind. 

1036
00:53:06,700 --> 00:53:10,900
You feel stronger, more hopeful 
ready for the years renewal. 

1037
00:53:11,800 --> 00:53:15,200
The docks return to full 
activity ships that were delayed

1038
00:53:15,200 --> 00:53:17,900
by winter weather. 
Now arrived in clusters, the 

1039
00:53:17,900 --> 00:53:20,800
Wolves overflow with cargo. 
You work long hours to handle 

1040
00:53:20,800 --> 00:53:22,900
the backlog. 
The extra wages are welcome. 

1041
00:53:22,900 --> 00:53:25,200
You can rebuild your depleted 
savings. 

1042
00:53:26,400 --> 00:53:29,700
One morning, you notice flowers 
blooming in a window box yellow 

1043
00:53:29,700 --> 00:53:32,600
and purple bright against the 
Greystone of the building. 

1044
00:53:33,200 --> 00:53:36,600
The site stops you for a moment.
Beauty is rare enough in the 

1045
00:53:36,600 --> 00:53:39,500
docklands, that it deserves 
acknowledgment, you can continue

1046
00:53:39,500 --> 00:53:42,800
walking but the image stays with
you through the day life, 

1047
00:53:42,800 --> 00:53:45,400
settles back into its 
established pattern Works. 

1048
00:53:45,400 --> 00:53:49,300
Six days rest, one day earn 
wages, spend them on 

1049
00:53:49,300 --> 00:53:53,700
Necessities, repeat endlessly. 
The cycle is neither good nor 

1050
00:53:53,700 --> 00:53:56,900
bad. 
Simply is you have made peace 

1051
00:53:56,900 --> 00:53:59,700
with this reality. 
Some are returns and with it the

1052
00:53:59,700 --> 00:54:04,600
full intensity of Doc work long,
hot days ships arriving from 

1053
00:54:04,600 --> 00:54:08,800
every direction cargo that must 
be moved regardless of heat or 

1054
00:54:08,800 --> 00:54:11,300
humidity. 
You sweat through your clothes 

1055
00:54:11,300 --> 00:54:13,500
before. 
Mid-morning like evening, you 

1056
00:54:13,500 --> 00:54:15,900
are coated in dust and grime and
salt. 

1057
00:54:16,500 --> 00:54:18,700
The river smell stronger in 
summer low. 

1058
00:54:18,700 --> 00:54:21,700
Tides exposed, more mud, the 
organic decay of marine life 

1059
00:54:21,700 --> 00:54:23,900
perfumes. 
The are you have grown so 

1060
00:54:23,900 --> 00:54:26,100
accustomed to this scent? 
That you barely notice it. 

1061
00:54:26,100 --> 00:54:29,600
Visitors to the docklands. 
Often comment on the smell. 

1062
00:54:29,600 --> 00:54:32,100
You wonder what they find. 
So remarkable. 

1063
00:54:33,000 --> 00:54:36,000
Trade booms during the warm 
months, the colonies send their 

1064
00:54:36,000 --> 00:54:40,800
harvests sugar and tobacco and 
cotton rice and indigo mahogany.

1065
00:54:40,800 --> 00:54:44,200
And other exotic Woods ships 
returned to the Caribbean or the

1066
00:54:44,200 --> 00:54:47,200
Americas loaded with 
manufactured goods, cloth and 

1067
00:54:47,208 --> 00:54:49,900
tools. 
And Ceramics, The Exchange never

1068
00:54:49,900 --> 00:54:51,600
stops. 
You have been working the docks 

1069
00:54:51,600 --> 00:54:53,800
for years now, the labor has 
shaped your body. 

1070
00:54:53,800 --> 00:54:57,300
Your shoulders are broad from 
carrying your back is strong 

1071
00:54:57,300 --> 00:54:59,700
from lifting. 
Your hands are calloused and 

1072
00:54:59,700 --> 00:55:02,300
scarred. 
These physical changes are 

1073
00:55:02,300 --> 00:55:05,100
Badges of your trade, you wear 
them without shame. 

1074
00:55:06,000 --> 00:55:08,200
One afternoon, a young man 
appears among the workers 

1075
00:55:08,200 --> 00:55:10,900
seeking employment. 
He is perhaps 16. 

1076
00:55:10,900 --> 00:55:15,900
His clothes are too clean. 
His hands are soft, he looks 

1077
00:55:15,900 --> 00:55:17,900
frightened and determined in 
equal measure. 

1078
00:55:17,900 --> 00:55:21,400
You remember, being that young 
man once the memory is distant 

1079
00:55:21,400 --> 00:55:25,200
but clear, the former assigns, 
the boy to work with your crew, 

1080
00:55:25,200 --> 00:55:28,500
you show him how to roll a 
barrel how to read marking's. 

1081
00:55:28,500 --> 00:55:31,600
How to move heavy? 
Loads safely, he learns quickly 

1082
00:55:33,000 --> 00:55:35,400
By the end of the day, he is 
exhausted, but as earned his 

1083
00:55:35,408 --> 00:55:38,700
wages, you feel an unexpected 
pride in his success. 

1084
00:55:38,700 --> 00:55:41,700
The seasons turn Autumn arrives.
Again. 

1085
00:55:41,700 --> 00:55:45,800
The cycle continues you mark 
Time by The Changing quality of 

1086
00:55:45,800 --> 00:55:48,600
light and the types of cargo 
moving through the port. 

1087
00:55:48,600 --> 00:55:52,400
This is your calendar. 
It needs no written dates or 

1088
00:55:52,400 --> 00:55:55,900
official months. one Sunday, you
return to the stairs where you 

1089
00:55:55,908 --> 00:56:00,500
sat a year ago, Tide is low 
again, the same mud flats are 

1090
00:56:00,500 --> 00:56:01,900
exposed. 
Gulls. 

1091
00:56:01,900 --> 00:56:05,000
Still search for food ships, 
still rested, odd, angles on the

1092
00:56:05,008 --> 00:56:07,400
riverbed. 
Nothing has changed and 

1093
00:56:07,400 --> 00:56:11,200
everything has changed you. 
Think about the year that has 

1094
00:56:11,200 --> 00:56:15,700
passed the work performed, the 
wages earned and spent the small

1095
00:56:15,700 --> 00:56:19,300
moments of pleasure, and long 
stretches of simple endurance. 

1096
00:56:19,300 --> 00:56:22,000
What does it all amount to you 
have? 

1097
00:56:22,000 --> 00:56:24,800
No answer. 
Perhaps there is no answer, but 

1098
00:56:24,800 --> 00:56:27,200
sitting here in Autumn sunlight 
watching. 

1099
00:56:27,200 --> 00:56:30,500
The river flow towards the sea. 
You feel something close to 

1100
00:56:30,500 --> 00:56:33,600
contentment. 
Your life is modest but it is 

1101
00:56:33,608 --> 00:56:36,300
yours. 
You have work, you have shelter,

1102
00:56:36,300 --> 00:56:38,200
you have enough to eat most 
days. 

1103
00:56:39,100 --> 00:56:42,100
These things are not guaranteed 
to everyone, your fortunate in 

1104
00:56:42,100 --> 00:56:46,000
your way. 
The tide begins to turn water 

1105
00:56:46,000 --> 00:56:48,900
creeps back up. 
The mud flats ships, start to 

1106
00:56:48,900 --> 00:56:51,400
float. 
The river fills and Rises. 

1107
00:56:51,400 --> 00:56:54,100
This transformational happens 
twice every day. 

1108
00:56:54,100 --> 00:56:57,600
It will continue happening. 
Long after your gone, the 

1109
00:56:57,600 --> 00:57:00,500
thought is both humbling. 
And strangely comforting you 

1110
00:57:00,500 --> 00:57:02,500
rise from the stairs and begin 
walking home. 

1111
00:57:02,500 --> 00:57:05,900
The Familiar streets. 
Receive you Windows glow with 

1112
00:57:05,900 --> 00:57:09,100
Lamplight as evening. 
Approaches smoke, rises from 

1113
00:57:09,100 --> 00:57:12,100
chimneys, the neighborhood, 
settles into its evening 

1114
00:57:12,100 --> 00:57:14,600
routines. 
You are part of this place? 

1115
00:57:14,600 --> 00:57:18,100
It is part of you. 
Your room Waits above the 

1116
00:57:18,108 --> 00:57:22,300
Chandler shop, the bed, with its
tobacco scented blanket, the 

1117
00:57:22,300 --> 00:57:25,600
table with its candle and few 
possessions the window looking 

1118
00:57:25,600 --> 00:57:28,800
out over the street. 
This small space has sheltered 

1119
00:57:28,800 --> 00:57:31,500
you through seasons and years. 
It is enough. 

1120
00:57:31,500 --> 00:57:33,900
You light the candle and sit for
a while. 

1121
00:57:33,900 --> 00:57:35,400
Thinking about nothing in 
particular. 

1122
00:57:35,400 --> 00:57:37,900
Tomorrow will bring another day 
of work. 

1123
00:57:37,900 --> 00:57:41,000
Ships will arrive cargo will be 
moved. 

1124
00:57:41,000 --> 00:57:43,200
The docks will hum with 
activity. 

1125
00:57:43,200 --> 00:57:46,300
You will be there. 
Doing your part, earning your 

1126
00:57:46,300 --> 00:57:49,800
keep living your life. 
The candle flame flickers 

1127
00:57:49,800 --> 00:57:54,000
Shadows, move on the walls. 
Outside, the sound of the 

1128
00:57:54,000 --> 00:57:57,100
neighborhood. 
Continued footsteps voice is 

1129
00:57:57,100 --> 00:58:00,500
Distant Bells. 
The Creeks of ship's, the 

1130
00:58:00,500 --> 00:58:04,000
Eternal presence of the river. 
These sounds form, the backdrop 

1131
00:58:04,000 --> 00:58:07,100
of your existence, there is for 
near as your own breathing. 

1132
00:58:07,100 --> 00:58:09,600
You blow out the candle and 
settle into bed. 

1133
00:58:10,300 --> 00:58:14,000
Darkness fills the room, your 
body, relaxes muscle, by muscle 

1134
00:58:14,000 --> 00:58:18,200
the day releases, its hold sleep
approaches with gentle 

1135
00:58:18,200 --> 00:58:22,000
inevitability tomorrow but for 
now, there is only this moment, 

1136
00:58:22,000 --> 00:58:26,700
this breath, this heartbeat, 
this simple piece at the end of 

1137
00:58:26,700 --> 00:58:29,300
another day. 
In London's docklands, the tide 

1138
00:58:29,300 --> 00:58:32,500
turns again Somewhere in the 
Night water rises and Falls. 

1139
00:58:32,500 --> 00:58:35,400
According to ancient rhythms, 
the moon pulls at the ocean. 

1140
00:58:35,400 --> 00:58:38,900
The ocean pushes at the river, 
the river flows, past your 

1141
00:58:38,900 --> 00:58:42,200
window, while you sleep and in 
the morning, when light returns 

1142
00:58:42,200 --> 00:58:46,800
everything will Begin Again, the
work the wages, the endless 

1143
00:58:46,800 --> 00:58:49,700
cycle of Commerce and survival, 
this is your life. 

1144
00:58:49,700 --> 00:58:53,800
This has always been your life. 
And for now in this moment 

1145
00:58:53,800 --> 00:58:57,500
before sleep claims, you 
completely that is enough 

1146
00:59:04,400 --> 00:59:07,000
Tonight, your embarking on a 
journey. 

1147
00:59:07,000 --> 00:59:11,200
Through 2000 years of British 
drinking establishments. from 

1148
00:59:11,200 --> 00:59:14,800
the stone roads of Roman Britain
to the Warm Glow of your 

1149
00:59:14,800 --> 00:59:18,300
neighborhood, local Pubs have 
been gathering places where 

1150
00:59:18,300 --> 00:59:20,600
ordinary life unfolds over a 
pint. 

1151
00:59:21,400 --> 00:59:24,200
Let us wander through the 
centuries together and discover 

1152
00:59:24,200 --> 00:59:26,400
how these beloved institutions 
came to be. 

1153
00:59:27,300 --> 00:59:30,300
You step off a dusty road, 
somewhere in southern Britain, 

1154
00:59:30,300 --> 00:59:34,400
around the year 150, your 
sandals are worn from walking 

1155
00:59:34,400 --> 00:59:36,900
and your throat is dry from the 
summer heat. 

1156
00:59:37,600 --> 00:59:40,900
The afternoon Sun beats down on 
your shoulders as you approach a

1157
00:59:40,900 --> 00:59:43,000
low building with terracotta 
roof tiles. 

1158
00:59:43,000 --> 00:59:46,900
He painted wooden sign. 
Hangs above the doorway showing 

1159
00:59:46,900 --> 00:59:49,300
a simple Vine with clusters of 
grapes. 

1160
00:59:49,300 --> 00:59:54,100
This is a burner, the Latin word
rolls off your tongue naturally 

1161
00:59:54,100 --> 00:59:56,800
because you have been speaking 
it for years now three 

1162
00:59:56,800 --> 01:00:00,100
generations of Parsons the 
Romans arrived and this is 

1163
01:00:00,100 --> 01:00:02,000
simply how life Works in this 
province. 

1164
01:00:03,300 --> 01:00:06,200
You duck through the doorway 
into the cool dim interior. 

1165
01:00:06,200 --> 01:00:08,800
The ceiling is lower than you 
might expect. 

1166
01:00:08,800 --> 01:00:13,700
Wooden beams cross overhead and 
the smell of wine and olive oil.

1167
01:00:13,700 --> 01:00:17,100
Fills your nostrils. 
The floor is packed earth. 

1168
01:00:17,100 --> 01:00:19,400
Covered in places with simple 
mosaic's. 

1169
01:00:19,400 --> 01:00:22,400
Made from local Stone, nothing 
fancy. 

1170
01:00:22,400 --> 01:00:25,100
Just geometric patterns in white
and red. 

1171
01:00:26,300 --> 01:00:29,100
Counter runs along one wall made
from plastered Stone. 

1172
01:00:29,900 --> 01:00:33,500
Large clay vessels called them 
fourie a set into the counter at

1173
01:00:33,500 --> 01:00:36,100
intervals. 
Each one contains a different 

1174
01:00:36,100 --> 01:00:39,500
type of wine brought up from 
ports and Gaul or even farther 

1175
01:00:39,500 --> 01:00:42,100
south. 
The Innkeeper is a local Britain

1176
01:00:42,100 --> 01:00:44,300
who learned his trade from a 
merchant from Rome. 

1177
01:00:44,900 --> 01:00:48,200
He nods at you with the practice
disinterest of someone who sees 

1178
01:00:48,200 --> 01:00:52,200
Travelers every day. 
You point to one of the m4a and 

1179
01:00:52,200 --> 01:00:54,500
he ladles wine into a simple 
clay cup. 

1180
01:00:55,100 --> 01:00:58,600
The wine is mixed with water. 
As is proper drinking, it 

1181
01:00:58,600 --> 01:01:01,200
straight would be barbaric. 
You taste it. 

1182
01:01:01,200 --> 01:01:05,000
And the flavor is sharp and 
slightly resinous from the pine 

1183
01:01:05,000 --> 01:01:08,400
pitch that sealed the amphora 
during its journey across the 

1184
01:01:08,400 --> 01:01:11,600
sea. 
The room is not crowded at this 

1185
01:01:11,600 --> 01:01:14,300
hour. 
A few Merchants sit at a wooden 

1186
01:01:14,300 --> 01:01:17,900
table near the back wall. 
Their calculating prices for 

1187
01:01:17,900 --> 01:01:22,000
grain shipments and their Abacus
beads click softly as they work.

1188
01:01:22,900 --> 01:01:25,700
He soldier from the nearby, Fort
Drinks Alone in the corner. 

1189
01:01:25,700 --> 01:01:28,800
His armor is stacked, neatly 
beside his bench. 

1190
01:01:29,700 --> 01:01:32,200
You take your cup to a bench 
near the window where you can 

1191
01:01:32,200 --> 01:01:36,100
watch the street outside. 
The burners sits on a road that 

1192
01:01:36,100 --> 01:01:39,500
connects London with Calavera, 
carts Rumble. 

1193
01:01:39,500 --> 01:01:42,400
Passed, a regular intervals 
bringing goods from the 

1194
01:01:42,400 --> 01:01:46,800
countryside into the town. 
Life moves at the pace of 

1195
01:01:46,800 --> 01:01:49,300
Oxnard, you have nowhere 
pressing to be. 

1196
01:01:50,700 --> 01:01:53,500
The Innkeeper brings out a 
wooden platter with bread and a 

1197
01:01:53,500 --> 01:01:56,800
small dish of garam. 
The fish sauce is pungent and 

1198
01:01:56,800 --> 01:01:59,700
salty. 
You dip the bread into it and 

1199
01:01:59,700 --> 01:02:02,900
chew slowly. 
This simple meal costs. 

1200
01:02:02,900 --> 01:02:06,500
You a few bronze coins, not 
cheap, but not outrageous 

1201
01:02:06,500 --> 01:02:09,200
either. 
The bread is dense and filling. 

1202
01:02:09,800 --> 01:02:12,800
It sits heavy in your stomach in
a satisfying way. 

1203
01:02:14,900 --> 01:02:17,400
As the afternoon wears on more 
people arrived. 

1204
01:02:18,000 --> 01:02:20,700
A group of Potters from the 
workshop down the road comes in 

1205
01:02:20,700 --> 01:02:23,500
covered in clay dust. 
They are loud and cheerful. 

1206
01:02:23,500 --> 01:02:26,400
After a day of work, they 
ordered the cheaper wine and 

1207
01:02:26,400 --> 01:02:29,500
settle in for the evening. 
One of them produces a set of 

1208
01:02:29,500 --> 01:02:33,400
bone Dice and soon a game is 
underway, you watch them roll 

1209
01:02:33,400 --> 01:02:35,300
and laugh and argue over the 
scores. 

1210
01:02:36,100 --> 01:02:39,500
Gambling is technically illegal 
without a license, but no one 

1211
01:02:39,500 --> 01:02:42,900
pays much attention to that 
particular Rule The Innkeeper. 

1212
01:02:42,900 --> 01:02:44,500
Certainly does not seem 
concerned. 

1213
01:02:45,900 --> 01:02:48,200
He wipes down the counter with a
rag and occasionally. 

1214
01:02:48,200 --> 01:02:51,500
Refills their cups. 
The Taberna has rooms upstairs 

1215
01:02:51,500 --> 01:02:53,400
for travelers who need a place 
to sleep. 

1216
01:02:54,300 --> 01:02:56,800
You can hear footsteps on the 
floorboards about your head. 

1217
01:02:57,700 --> 01:03:01,700
Someone is settling in for the 
night, the rooms are basic the 

1218
01:03:01,700 --> 01:03:04,700
wooden bed frame with a straw 
mattress and a single, Woolen 

1219
01:03:04,700 --> 01:03:07,600
blanket. 
A basin for washing nothing 

1220
01:03:07,600 --> 01:03:10,500
more. 
Outside the light is beginning 

1221
01:03:10,500 --> 01:03:12,800
to fade or lamps lit around the 
room. 

1222
01:03:12,800 --> 01:03:15,000
Casting dancing Shadows on the 
walls. 

1223
01:03:15,000 --> 01:03:18,700
The lamps burn with a steady 
flame that smells of rendered 

1224
01:03:18,700 --> 01:03:21,900
fat. 
Not unpleasant, exactly, but not

1225
01:03:21,900 --> 01:03:25,000
particularly nice either. 
It is simply the smell of 

1226
01:03:25,000 --> 01:03:27,300
evening in any building across 
the Empire. 

1227
01:03:27,300 --> 01:03:31,600
You order another cup of wine. 
This time, The Innkeeper gives 

1228
01:03:31,600 --> 01:03:34,400
you a knowing look and pause 
from a different m4a. 

1229
01:03:34,400 --> 01:03:39,600
This wine is darker and sweeter.
APS from somewhere in hispania, 

1230
01:03:39,600 --> 01:03:42,900
you Savor its slowly. 
There is no rush. 

1231
01:03:43,700 --> 01:03:46,200
The evening stretches out before
you like the road outside. 

1232
01:03:47,300 --> 01:03:50,000
A cat wanders in from the street
and begins hunting for mice 

1233
01:03:50,000 --> 01:03:52,900
along the base of the wall, the 
inkeeper's it. 

1234
01:03:53,800 --> 01:03:56,500
That's a useful creatures in 
establishments that store grain 

1235
01:03:56,500 --> 01:03:59,200
and food the cat pounces on 
something. 

1236
01:03:59,200 --> 01:04:02,100
You cannot see and carries. 
Its prized outside. 

1237
01:04:02,100 --> 01:04:03,700
Looking very pleased with 
itself. 

1238
01:04:05,100 --> 01:04:08,000
The conversation around you is a
mixture of Latin and the local 

1239
01:04:08,000 --> 01:04:10,500
British tongue. 
People switch between them 

1240
01:04:10,500 --> 01:04:14,100
without thinking, a woman comes 
in, looking for her husband who 

1241
01:04:14,100 --> 01:04:17,200
is Among The Potter's She 
scolded him, good naturedly. 

1242
01:04:17,200 --> 01:04:22,700
And he promises to be home soon.
She leaves shaking her head but 

1243
01:04:22,700 --> 01:04:24,300
you can tell she's not truly 
angry. 

1244
01:04:24,300 --> 01:04:27,900
This to burner will stand for 
another 200 years. 

1245
01:04:27,900 --> 01:04:31,000
Then slowly, the Empire will 
begin to pull back. 

1246
01:04:31,000 --> 01:04:35,100
The roads will become less 
maintained, the amphora trade 

1247
01:04:35,100 --> 01:04:38,400
will dwindle and stop the 
building itself will fall into 

1248
01:04:38,400 --> 01:04:41,900
disrepair. 
Future Generations will Salvage 

1249
01:04:41,900 --> 01:04:43,600
the roof tiles for other 
projects. 

1250
01:04:44,600 --> 01:04:47,900
The stone foundation will be 
buried under centuries of soil. 

1251
01:04:48,700 --> 01:04:52,600
But for now on this warm evening
in the second century, the 

1252
01:04:52,600 --> 01:04:55,500
Taberna is alive with the simple
business of life. 

1253
01:04:56,400 --> 01:05:00,000
People drink and eat and rest 
and continue on their Journeys. 

1254
01:05:00,000 --> 01:05:03,000
The Empire feels permanent and 
unchanging. 

1255
01:05:03,800 --> 01:05:09,000
The roads, connect Everything 
Wine flows from the south grain 

1256
01:05:09,000 --> 01:05:12,300
flows from the fields Commerce, 
and travel and ordinary. 

1257
01:05:12,300 --> 01:05:15,200
Human interaction fill the hours
between Dawn and dusk. 

1258
01:05:15,200 --> 01:05:18,500
You finish your wine and step 
back out into the evening. 

1259
01:05:18,500 --> 01:05:21,500
The air has called and feels 
Pleasant on your skin. 

1260
01:05:21,500 --> 01:05:25,200
You can see the first Stars 
appearing in the darkening sky. 

1261
01:05:26,000 --> 01:05:28,900
Somewhere in the distance, you 
hear the call of an owl hunting 

1262
01:05:28,900 --> 01:05:32,500
in the fields, beyond the town. 
Your feet carry you down, the 

1263
01:05:32,500 --> 01:05:34,200
road toward, whatever comes 
next. 

1264
01:05:35,200 --> 01:05:37,000
You find yourself in a different
Britain. 

1265
01:05:37,000 --> 01:05:41,400
Now the year is somewhere 
around. 700 the Roman Road still

1266
01:05:41,400 --> 01:05:43,600
exist, but they are cracked and 
overgrown. 

1267
01:05:43,600 --> 01:05:47,200
No, one repairs them anymore. 
The Empire has been gone for 

1268
01:05:47,200 --> 01:05:50,700
centuries and those days are 
Distant, Memories kept alive in 

1269
01:05:50,700 --> 01:05:55,100
fragments of old stories. 
You approach a settlement in the

1270
01:05:55,100 --> 01:05:58,400
evening. 
Smoke rises from thatched roofs,

1271
01:05:58,400 --> 01:06:02,000
the buildings along and low with
wattle and daub walls. 

1272
01:06:02,000 --> 01:06:05,900
Dog's bark as you draw near, but
they are more Curious than 

1273
01:06:05,900 --> 01:06:09,200
threatening a child runs past 
chasing, a chicken that is 

1274
01:06:09,200 --> 01:06:13,200
escaped from someone's yard. 
Yale house is not hard to find. 

1275
01:06:13,200 --> 01:06:16,300
It is simply the largest 
building in the settlement with 

1276
01:06:16,300 --> 01:06:20,100
anal Stakeout front. 
The stake is a long pole with a 

1277
01:06:20,100 --> 01:06:23,700
bundle of greenery to the Top. 
This is how, you know, ail is 

1278
01:06:23,700 --> 01:06:26,400
available here. 
When the allay runs out, the 

1279
01:06:26,400 --> 01:06:29,300
state comes down. 
You push aside a leather flap 

1280
01:06:29,300 --> 01:06:31,200
that serves as a door and step 
inside. 

1281
01:06:31,200 --> 01:06:37,400
The interior is dark and smoky. 
Fire Burns in a central half and

1282
01:06:37,400 --> 01:06:40,100
the smoke Rises toward a hole in
the roof. 

1283
01:06:41,000 --> 01:06:43,700
Some of it escapes, much of, it 
does not. 

1284
01:06:44,700 --> 01:06:46,600
Your eyes water slightly as they
adjust. 

1285
01:06:47,600 --> 01:06:50,400
Floor is covered in rushes. 
That crunch under your feet. 

1286
01:06:51,100 --> 01:06:53,900
They're mixed with herbs that 
release a faint scent when you 

1287
01:06:53,900 --> 01:06:57,500
walk on them, lavender, maybe or
Meadow Sweet. 

1288
01:06:58,300 --> 01:07:00,800
Something to make the place. 
Smell less, like too many people

1289
01:07:00,800 --> 01:07:04,400
in close quarters. 
The woman who brews the ale is 

1290
01:07:04,408 --> 01:07:07,700
called an ale wife. 
She's a respected member of the 

1291
01:07:07,700 --> 01:07:10,300
Community. 
Brewing, is women's work here, 

1292
01:07:10,300 --> 01:07:13,300
just as it has been for as long 
as anyone can remember. 

1293
01:07:14,200 --> 01:07:17,100
She ladles ale from a large 
wooden barrel into a leather cup

1294
01:07:17,100 --> 01:07:19,700
for you. 
The cup is stained dark from 

1295
01:07:19,700 --> 01:07:22,600
years of use, the Alias thick 
and cloudy. 

1296
01:07:22,600 --> 01:07:26,300
Nothing like the clear gold and 
beer, you might be familiar with

1297
01:07:26,300 --> 01:07:29,400
from later centuries. 
This is porridge, you can drink.

1298
01:07:29,400 --> 01:07:34,300
It takes of grain and yeast and 
has a slightly sour Edge to it. 

1299
01:07:34,300 --> 01:07:38,500
There are no hops in this Ale 
hops will not become standard 

1300
01:07:38,500 --> 01:07:41,900
for Years yet. 
Instead, the ale is flavored 

1301
01:07:41,900 --> 01:07:46,300
with herbs and whatever else, 
the alphas bog Myrtle, perhaps, 

1302
01:07:46,300 --> 01:07:50,000
or ground ivy, the exact recipe 
is her secret. 

1303
01:07:50,000 --> 01:07:52,200
You sit on a bench near the 
fire. 

1304
01:07:52,200 --> 01:07:55,600
The wood is smooth from 
countless bodies before yours. 

1305
01:07:55,600 --> 01:07:58,000
The want from the Flames, feels 
good. 

1306
01:07:58,000 --> 01:08:01,600
After the cool evening air 
outside around, you are men from

1307
01:08:01,600 --> 01:08:05,900
the fields and workshops, they 
speak in Old English, and their 

1308
01:08:05,900 --> 01:08:08,500
words sound strange and musical 
to your modern ears. 

1309
01:08:09,200 --> 01:08:11,400
One man is repairing a fishing 
net in the corner. 

1310
01:08:11,400 --> 01:08:14,900
His fingers work, the twine 
automatically while he talks 

1311
01:08:14,900 --> 01:08:17,500
with his neighbor about the best
places to catch eels in the 

1312
01:08:17,500 --> 01:08:21,300
nearby Marsh, Another man 
whittles a piece of wood into 

1313
01:08:21,300 --> 01:08:23,300
something. 
You cannot quite identify yet. 

1314
01:08:24,100 --> 01:08:26,700
Shavings fall at his feet and 
mix with the rushes. 

1315
01:08:27,500 --> 01:08:30,399
The allay cost you nothing in 
coins because coins are rare 

1316
01:08:30,399 --> 01:08:33,300
here. 
Instead, you have traded a small

1317
01:08:33,300 --> 01:08:34,700
piece of cloth you carry with 
you. 

1318
01:08:35,700 --> 01:08:39,100
The elf, examined it carefully. 
Before nodding and accepting the

1319
01:08:39,100 --> 01:08:41,899
exchange. 
Trade happens in goods and 

1320
01:08:41,899 --> 01:08:45,399
services more often than 
currently your cloth is good 

1321
01:08:45,399 --> 01:08:49,600
quality and fairly woven. 
It represents ours of someone's 

1322
01:08:49,600 --> 01:08:53,899
work and that has value. 
You drink, your also slowly it 

1323
01:08:53,899 --> 01:08:56,800
is filling and slightly sweet 
and the sour Edge. 

1324
01:08:57,700 --> 01:08:59,800
There is no nourishment in it 
Beyond, just the alcohol. 

1325
01:09:00,700 --> 01:09:04,200
People drink ale because water 
can make you sick, but Ali is 

1326
01:09:04,207 --> 01:09:06,500
safer. 
The Brewing process does 

1327
01:09:06,500 --> 01:09:09,200
something to make it clean even 
though no one here understands 

1328
01:09:09,200 --> 01:09:10,000
exactly. 
Why. 

1329
01:09:10,899 --> 01:09:15,000
A dog lies near the half, hoping
for scratches, its fur is matted

1330
01:09:15,000 --> 01:09:18,500
and its scratches occasionally 
at flees when someone tosses 

1331
01:09:18,500 --> 01:09:21,200
this a bit of bread, cross the 
dog catches it, midair and 

1332
01:09:21,200 --> 01:09:24,500
swallows without chewing. 
Life is Good. 

1333
01:09:24,500 --> 01:09:27,899
From the dog's perspective, the 
Alewife moves around the room 

1334
01:09:27,899 --> 01:09:31,200
refilling cups and collecting 
payment in various forms. 

1335
01:09:31,200 --> 01:09:35,000
Someone gives her eggs. 
Another person promises to help 

1336
01:09:35,000 --> 01:09:38,800
prepare her roof before winter. 
The economy of this place runs 

1337
01:09:38,800 --> 01:09:42,800
on relationships, and memory. 
Everyone knows who owes what to 

1338
01:09:42,800 --> 01:09:46,399
whom a young man comes in 
leading a traveling priest who 

1339
01:09:46,399 --> 01:09:47,800
has been walking between 
settlements. 

1340
01:09:47,800 --> 01:09:51,399
The priest carries a wooden 
cross and speaks Latin, which 

1341
01:09:51,399 --> 01:09:52,800
most people here, do not 
understand. 

1342
01:09:53,899 --> 01:09:56,900
But he is an L anyway, because 
hospitality is important 

1343
01:09:56,900 --> 01:10:00,200
Travelers. 
Bring news from other places and

1344
01:10:00,200 --> 01:10:03,700
that is valuable the priest 
tells stories of saints and 

1345
01:10:03,700 --> 01:10:06,500
miracles in a mixed of Latin and
broken English. 

1346
01:10:07,300 --> 01:10:09,700
People listened politely. 
Even if they do not fully 

1347
01:10:09,700 --> 01:10:12,600
grasped, his meaning, the 
ailment makes you feel warm. 

1348
01:10:12,600 --> 01:10:16,500
And slightly drowsy firelight 
flickers on the walls, creating 

1349
01:10:16,500 --> 01:10:19,600
patterns, that shift and change 
outside. 

1350
01:10:19,600 --> 01:10:22,400
You can hear the sounds of the 
settlements settling down for 

1351
01:10:22,400 --> 01:10:25,500
the night. 
Animals, being secured, children

1352
01:10:25,500 --> 01:10:29,100
being called inside life is 
moving towards sleep. 

1353
01:10:29,100 --> 01:10:33,000
Someone begins singing a song, 
others join in. 

1354
01:10:33,800 --> 01:10:35,600
The melody is simple and 
repetitive. 

1355
01:10:35,600 --> 01:10:38,900
You do not know the words, but 
you can harm along with the 

1356
01:10:38,900 --> 01:10:41,900
tune. 
The song is about plowing fields

1357
01:10:41,900 --> 01:10:45,500
and planting seeds. 
It is about the cycle of seasons

1358
01:10:45,500 --> 01:10:47,600
and the hope that the Harvest 
will be good. 

1359
01:10:47,600 --> 01:10:50,500
These are the concerns that fill
people's lives. 

1360
01:10:50,500 --> 01:10:53,900
In this time, the singing 
continues for a while, and then 

1361
01:10:53,900 --> 01:10:57,000
fades, Conversation, picks up 
again. 

1362
01:10:57,000 --> 01:11:00,900
In quieter tones, the alewife's 
husband comes in from checking 

1363
01:11:00,900 --> 01:11:04,600
on their livestock. 
He nods to the room and takes 

1364
01:11:04,600 --> 01:11:08,000
his place near the fire. 
His presence changes, nothing. 

1365
01:11:08,900 --> 01:11:11,400
He simply another person in this
familiar space. 

1366
01:11:12,200 --> 01:11:14,300
You noticed, there are no 
separate rooms here. 

1367
01:11:14,300 --> 01:11:16,400
There is no upstairs for 
sleeping. 

1368
01:11:16,400 --> 01:11:19,400
If you need to stay the night, 
you will sleep on one of these 

1369
01:11:19,400 --> 01:11:21,300
benches or on the floor near the
fire. 

1370
01:11:22,300 --> 01:11:25,300
Privacy is not a concept that 
matters much in this world 

1371
01:11:25,300 --> 01:11:28,000
people live close together and 
accept that. 

1372
01:11:28,000 --> 01:11:30,900
As normal, the Albert will be 
empty by tomorrow. 

1373
01:11:30,900 --> 01:11:34,300
The Alewife will Brew another 
batch and hang the allay, stake 

1374
01:11:34,300 --> 01:11:38,300
out again, when it is ready. 
This pattern repeats week off 

1375
01:11:38,300 --> 01:11:42,100
after week, and season off to 
see the Ale House is not a 

1376
01:11:42,100 --> 01:11:44,100
business in the way you might 
think of businesses. 

1377
01:11:44,100 --> 01:11:47,500
It is simply part of how this 
community functions. 

1378
01:11:48,400 --> 01:11:51,500
You stretch out your legs toward
the fire and feel the tension. 

1379
01:11:51,500 --> 01:11:53,800
Leave your muscles. 
The ale has done. 

1380
01:11:53,800 --> 01:11:57,600
Its work, your relaxed and 
comfortable and the cares of 

1381
01:11:57,600 --> 01:12:00,800
your journey Fade Into the 
background For this moment, 

1382
01:12:00,800 --> 01:12:04,600
You're simply here in this Smoky
warm room with these people who 

1383
01:12:04,600 --> 01:12:06,700
will never know how different 
the world will become. 

1384
01:12:07,600 --> 01:12:10,700
Fire crackles and Pops. 
Someone tells a joke. 

1385
01:12:10,708 --> 01:12:13,800
You do not quite catch. 
And several people laugh. 

1386
01:12:13,800 --> 01:12:17,000
The sound is genuine and 
unguarded tomorrow. 

1387
01:12:17,000 --> 01:12:20,400
You will continue on your way. 
But to night, your welcome here.

1388
01:12:21,800 --> 01:12:25,600
The rush is crunch under 
shifting feet, the elf flows 

1389
01:12:25,600 --> 01:12:28,100
life continues in. 
Its ancient Rhythm. 

1390
01:12:28,100 --> 01:12:32,200
You step through the doorway of 
an inn on a cold, November 

1391
01:12:32,200 --> 01:12:37,000
evening in the year 1200 and 80 
the insects at a Crossroads 

1392
01:12:37,000 --> 01:12:40,700
where two important trade routes
meet This location is no 

1393
01:12:40,700 --> 01:12:45,200
accident, Travelers need places 
to rest and The Innkeeper knows 

1394
01:12:45,200 --> 01:12:47,600
his business. 
The first thing that strikes you

1395
01:12:47,600 --> 01:12:51,300
is the size of the place. 
This is not a simple Ale House. 

1396
01:12:51,300 --> 01:12:55,400
This is a proper establishment 
with multiple rooms and a stable

1397
01:12:55,400 --> 01:12:58,100
yard. 
You can hear horses, snorting 

1398
01:12:58,100 --> 01:13:00,700
and stamping. 
In the stable, a boy is leading 

1399
01:13:00,700 --> 01:13:03,900
a merchant horse to order stall 
with fresh straw and fee. 

1400
01:13:04,700 --> 01:13:08,600
The main hole is lit by Rush 
lights and Tallow candles the 

1401
01:13:08,600 --> 01:13:11,700
smell of melting fat mingles 
with wood smoke and cooking 

1402
01:13:11,700 --> 01:13:14,800
food. 
A fire Rose in a large Stone 

1403
01:13:14,800 --> 01:13:18,200
half that dominates one wall. 
The heat from it is almost 

1404
01:13:18,200 --> 01:13:20,100
overwhelming after the cold 
outside. 

1405
01:13:21,000 --> 01:13:25,600
Tables and benches fill the 
room, most Rocky peed, Merchant 

1406
01:13:25,600 --> 01:13:28,400
sit in groups, discussing wall 
prices, and the state of the 

1407
01:13:28,400 --> 01:13:32,000
roads ahead. 
And his Squire occupier table 

1408
01:13:32,000 --> 01:13:34,600
near the fire. 
Knight armor is stacked 

1409
01:13:34,600 --> 01:13:37,800
carefully nearby and his sword 
rests within easy reach. 

1410
01:13:38,700 --> 01:13:41,800
Old habits, do not fade simply 
because you have stopped for the

1411
01:13:41,800 --> 01:13:43,900
night. 
The Innkeeper approaches you 

1412
01:13:43,900 --> 01:13:47,600
with a practiced assessment in 
his eyes, he judges your worth 

1413
01:13:47,600 --> 01:13:49,700
by your clothing and the state 
of your boots. 

1414
01:13:50,600 --> 01:13:53,300
You passed, whatever test. 
He applies because he offers you

1415
01:13:53,300 --> 01:13:55,500
a seat at a table near the 
center of the room. 

1416
01:13:56,400 --> 01:13:59,100
He serving girl appears almost 
immediately with the wooden 

1417
01:13:59,100 --> 01:14:00,900
trench of bread and a couple of 
Vail. 

1418
01:14:01,500 --> 01:14:04,100
The bread is not just a plate. 
It is your plate. 

1419
01:14:04,900 --> 01:14:07,600
The trencher has been cut from a
whole loaf and hollowed out 

1420
01:14:07,600 --> 01:14:11,600
slightly when your meal arrives.
It will be served directly onto 

1421
01:14:11,600 --> 01:14:14,300
this bread later. 
You will eat the trencher itself

1422
01:14:14,300 --> 01:14:16,800
which is soaked up all the 
juices and flavors. 

1423
01:14:16,800 --> 01:14:21,200
Nothing goes to waste here. 
Your meal appears a stew of 

1424
01:14:21,200 --> 01:14:25,400
mutton and root, vegetables, 
carrots and turnips, and onions 

1425
01:14:25,400 --> 01:14:27,500
are cooked until they are soft 
and sweet. 

1426
01:14:28,300 --> 01:14:32,400
The meat is tough and requires 
serious chewing but it is hot 

1427
01:14:32,400 --> 01:14:35,800
and filling. 
You eat with your fingers, and a

1428
01:14:35,800 --> 01:14:38,300
spoon Forks have not made their 
way to England. 

1429
01:14:38,300 --> 01:14:42,100
Yet they remain a curious 
foreign affectation used in 

1430
01:14:42,100 --> 01:14:44,400
Italy. 
The ale is better than what you 

1431
01:14:44,400 --> 01:14:47,800
had in the Anglo-Saxon Ale 
House, centuries of Brewing 

1432
01:14:47,800 --> 01:14:51,400
experience of improved. 
The craft this ale, is clearer 

1433
01:14:51,400 --> 01:14:54,900
and has a pleasant bitterness to
it, still no hops, but the herb 

1434
01:14:54,900 --> 01:14:57,700
mixture works. 
Well, you drink deeply and feel 

1435
01:14:57,700 --> 01:14:59,300
the warmth spread through your 
chest. 

1436
01:15:00,200 --> 01:15:02,600
The Inn is noisy with 
conversation and laughter. 

1437
01:15:03,600 --> 01:15:06,500
A group of pilgrims heading to 
Canterbury share their table 

1438
01:15:06,500 --> 01:15:09,700
with some traveling minstrels. 
The pilgrims are swapping 

1439
01:15:09,700 --> 01:15:12,900
stories about the various 
relics, they hope to see one 

1440
01:15:12,900 --> 01:15:16,100
claims to have visited a church,
that held three separate fingers

1441
01:15:16,100 --> 01:15:19,400
of the same saint. 
This seems mathematically 

1442
01:15:19,400 --> 01:15:21,600
unlikely but no one challenges 
him. 

1443
01:15:22,400 --> 01:15:26,000
The minstrels tune, their 
instruments elute, and a small 

1444
01:15:26,000 --> 01:15:27,400
drum. 
Soon. 

1445
01:15:27,400 --> 01:15:30,500
They begin playing and one of 
them sings a ballad about a 

1446
01:15:30,500 --> 01:15:34,200
night and a lady and a dragon. 
Story is complicated and 

1447
01:15:34,200 --> 01:15:37,000
involves mistaken identity and 
Magic Ring's. 

1448
01:15:37,800 --> 01:15:40,200
People listen with half an ear 
while continuing their own 

1449
01:15:40,200 --> 01:15:43,800
conversations, you notice the 
serving Girl moving between 

1450
01:15:43,800 --> 01:15:45,400
tables with impressive 
efficiency. 

1451
01:15:46,500 --> 01:15:49,000
She never seems to spill 
anything despite the crowded 

1452
01:15:49,000 --> 01:15:52,500
room and the uneven floor. 
She deflects inappropriate 

1453
01:15:52,500 --> 01:15:55,200
comments from drunk Travelers 
with practiced ease. 

1454
01:15:55,900 --> 01:15:58,100
Her expression remains neutral 
and professional. 

1455
01:15:58,100 --> 01:16:02,700
This is her workplace. 
She knows how to navigate it. 

1456
01:16:04,000 --> 01:16:06,900
The innkeeper's wife appears 
from the kitchen carrying a 

1457
01:16:06,900 --> 01:16:10,600
large pot of pottage. 
She ladles portions into bowls 

1458
01:16:10,600 --> 01:16:13,400
for a group of Travelers who 
appear to have less money than 

1459
01:16:13,400 --> 01:16:16,000
the merchants. 
The pottage is cheaper than the 

1460
01:16:16,000 --> 01:16:17,800
meat stew. 
It is mostly vegetables and 

1461
01:16:17,800 --> 01:16:20,000
grain with paps and memory of 
meat flavoring. 

1462
01:16:20,000 --> 01:16:23,400
But it is still warm and 
nourishing and The Travelers, 

1463
01:16:23,400 --> 01:16:25,800
accept it. 
Great for gratefully. you 

1464
01:16:25,800 --> 01:16:28,500
noticed that people tend to 
group the cells by social 

1465
01:16:28,500 --> 01:16:33,400
standing, even though everyone 
shares the same room, The night 

1466
01:16:33,400 --> 01:16:36,000
in his Squire, keep to 
themselves at their Fireside 

1467
01:16:36,000 --> 01:16:38,900
table, Merchants for another 
cluster. 

1468
01:16:39,600 --> 01:16:42,300
Pilgrims and minstrels have 
created their own little 

1469
01:16:42,300 --> 01:16:45,900
community in the corner. 
The poorer Travelers huddle near

1470
01:16:45,900 --> 01:16:48,300
the door, where the heat from 
the fire barely reaches. 

1471
01:16:48,300 --> 01:16:51,600
This is simply how the world 
Works in this time. 

1472
01:16:51,600 --> 01:16:55,500
Everyone has their place and 
everyone knows where they fit 

1473
01:16:56,600 --> 01:16:59,700
The idea that all people might 
be equal would seem bizarre and 

1474
01:16:59,700 --> 01:17:01,800
possibly dangerous to most 
people in this room. 

1475
01:17:02,900 --> 01:17:05,300
How's the evening progresses? 
Some Travelers. 

1476
01:17:05,300 --> 01:17:07,600
Begin heading upstairs to the 
sleeping Chambers. 

1477
01:17:07,600 --> 01:17:10,600
These are communal rooms with 
several beds. 

1478
01:17:10,600 --> 01:17:13,900
You will likely share your bed 
with at least one stranger. 

1479
01:17:14,600 --> 01:17:19,900
And possibly two personal space 
is not a priority warmth and 

1480
01:17:19,900 --> 01:17:22,500
safety from the cold night 
outside or what matter. 

1481
01:17:23,200 --> 01:17:25,800
The Innkeeper keeps a careful 
eye on his establishment. 

1482
01:17:26,600 --> 01:17:29,600
He watches for trouble and is 
quick to step in when voices, 

1483
01:17:29,600 --> 01:17:32,300
get too loud or arguments begin 
to heat up. 

1484
01:17:33,100 --> 01:17:35,800
He has a thick wooden staff 
leaning against the wall behind 

1485
01:17:35,800 --> 01:17:38,900
the bar area. 
You suspect, he knows how to use

1486
01:17:38,900 --> 01:17:41,200
it. 
A merchant complained about the 

1487
01:17:41,200 --> 01:17:44,800
state of the roads Bandits have 
been active in the woods to the 

1488
01:17:44,800 --> 01:17:48,100
north several Travelers have 
been robbed in recent weeks. 

1489
01:17:48,800 --> 01:17:51,600
The night offers his opinion. 
That the local Lord should do 

1490
01:17:51,600 --> 01:17:55,000
more to keep order. 
The merchant agrees but notes 

1491
01:17:55,000 --> 01:17:58,100
that the local Lord is currently
occupied with a dispute Overland

1492
01:17:58,100 --> 01:18:00,200
boundaries and has little time 
for road safety. 

1493
01:18:01,200 --> 01:18:04,500
This conversation about security
and governance fills the space 

1494
01:18:04,500 --> 01:18:09,000
between ale refills, it is the 
kind of talk that happens in and

1495
01:18:09,000 --> 01:18:11,300
cross the country. 
Every night people shareing 

1496
01:18:11,300 --> 01:18:13,300
information and warnings 
building. 

1497
01:18:13,300 --> 01:18:15,800
The invisible network of 
knowledge that helps Travelers. 

1498
01:18:15,800 --> 01:18:18,500
Stay safe. 
You order another cup of Ale 

1499
01:18:19,200 --> 01:18:21,700
Serving girl brings it with a 
small bowl of walnuts. 

1500
01:18:21,700 --> 01:18:25,400
The nuts are from the previous 
Autumn and a slightly wrinkled, 

1501
01:18:25,400 --> 01:18:28,300
but still good. 
You crack them with a small 

1502
01:18:28,300 --> 01:18:30,400
Stone kept on the table. 
For this purpose. 

1503
01:18:30,400 --> 01:18:33,300
The meat inside is Rich and 
oily. 

1504
01:18:34,100 --> 01:18:37,600
The fire is tenderly by a young 
boy, whose job seems to consist 

1505
01:18:37,600 --> 01:18:39,500
entirely of keeping the Flames 
fed. 

1506
01:18:40,400 --> 01:18:43,200
He carries logs, from a pile 
near the door and arranges and 

1507
01:18:43,200 --> 01:18:45,400
carefully on the Fire. 
Occasionally. 

1508
01:18:45,400 --> 01:18:47,600
He sweeps from the half into a 
bucket. 

1509
01:18:48,400 --> 01:18:50,900
The actual will be saved and 
used for making soap or 

1510
01:18:50,900 --> 01:18:54,900
fertilizing Garden's. 
Again, nothing goes to waste. 

1511
01:18:56,600 --> 01:18:59,200
You notice a cat patrolling, the
edges of the room. 

1512
01:19:00,000 --> 01:19:02,900
It moves with purpose. 
Checking the corners for mice. 

1513
01:19:03,900 --> 01:19:07,900
Cat is Sleek and well-fed, which
suggested his good at his job. 

1514
01:19:07,900 --> 01:19:11,900
No, one pays at any attention. 
That is part of the furniture 

1515
01:19:11,900 --> 01:19:14,700
has night deepens. 
The mood in the room becomes 

1516
01:19:14,700 --> 01:19:17,500
more relaxed. 
People of eaten and drunk, their

1517
01:19:17,500 --> 01:19:20,100
fill. 
The edge of hunger and cold that

1518
01:19:20,100 --> 01:19:21,900
drove them inside as been 
satisfied. 

1519
01:19:21,900 --> 01:19:26,300
Now they can simply exist in 
this warm communal space before 

1520
01:19:26,300 --> 01:19:29,900
sleep claims that the minstrels 
play another song. 

1521
01:19:29,900 --> 01:19:33,900
This one is slower and more 
melancholic it tells of a 

1522
01:19:33,900 --> 01:19:37,600
soldier returning home from war 
to find his village burned and 

1523
01:19:37,600 --> 01:19:41,100
his family gone. 
The room Falls quiet to listen. 

1524
01:19:42,300 --> 01:19:46,400
Even the merchant, stop the 
calculations, the song touches 

1525
01:19:46,400 --> 01:19:48,700
something Universal about loss 
and longing. 

1526
01:19:49,400 --> 01:19:52,900
When the song ends, there is a 
moment of silence and someone 

1527
01:19:52,900 --> 01:19:55,800
calls for something more 
cheerful and the mood shifts. 

1528
01:19:55,800 --> 01:19:59,500
Again, the lute player obliges 
with a bawdy drinking song that 

1529
01:19:59,500 --> 01:20:02,500
has everyone laughing and 
several people singing along on 

1530
01:20:02,500 --> 01:20:04,800
the chorus. 
You realize you're getting 

1531
01:20:04,800 --> 01:20:07,600
drowsy. 
The combination of food and 

1532
01:20:07,600 --> 01:20:09,600
warmth and Ale is doing its 
work. 

1533
01:20:09,600 --> 01:20:13,300
Your eyelids feel heavy you 
finish your ale and make your 

1534
01:20:13,300 --> 01:20:16,400
way toward the stairs. 
Your legs are slightly unsteady,

1535
01:20:16,400 --> 01:20:18,500
but you manage the climb without
incident. 

1536
01:20:19,400 --> 01:20:22,800
The sleeping chamber is already 
half full people have claimed. 

1537
01:20:22,800 --> 01:20:25,800
This space is on the beds. 
You find room on a straw 

1538
01:20:25,808 --> 01:20:29,100
Mattress near the window. 
The shutters are closed to get 

1539
01:20:29,108 --> 01:20:32,000
the November cold. 
You can still hear the wind 

1540
01:20:32,000 --> 01:20:34,900
outside. 
It makes the warmth of the room 

1541
01:20:34,900 --> 01:20:38,700
feel even more precious. 
You remove your boots and outer 

1542
01:20:38,700 --> 01:20:41,800
clothing, you keep your 
undershirt and hose on because 

1543
01:20:41,800 --> 01:20:44,300
the night will be cold, despite 
the body sharing warmth. 

1544
01:20:45,100 --> 01:20:47,900
You slide under a Woolen 
blanket, that smells of many 

1545
01:20:47,900 --> 01:20:51,300
previous users. 
Straw mattress, rustles as you 

1546
01:20:51,308 --> 01:20:53,500
settle into it. 
Around you. 

1547
01:20:53,500 --> 01:20:57,100
People are already snoring. 
Someone matters in their sleep 

1548
01:20:57,100 --> 01:21:01,300
and other person coughs. 
These are the sounds of humanity

1549
01:21:01,300 --> 01:21:04,400
at rest. 
You close your eyes and let the 

1550
01:21:04,400 --> 01:21:07,800
events of the day fade. 
Tomorrow you will continue your 

1551
01:21:07,800 --> 01:21:12,800
journey but for now, you're safe
and warm and fed. 

1552
01:21:12,800 --> 01:21:16,200
The Inn has done its job. 
You walk into a different world.

1553
01:21:16,200 --> 01:21:21,400
Now, The year is 1500 and 73. 
Queen, Elizabeth sits on the 

1554
01:21:21,400 --> 01:21:23,700
throne and England is changing 
rapidly. 

1555
01:21:24,700 --> 01:21:27,600
In you enter looks similar to 
the medieval establishment, you 

1556
01:21:27,600 --> 01:21:31,100
knew before, but something 
fundamental is shifted in how it

1557
01:21:31,100 --> 01:21:33,700
operates. 
There is a painted sign hanging 

1558
01:21:33,700 --> 01:21:38,000
outside showing a white heart. 
The sign is required by law. 

1559
01:21:38,000 --> 01:21:41,600
Now, every in must display, a 
sign, so it can be properly 

1560
01:21:41,600 --> 01:21:45,100
identified and regulated. 
The Inn is called the white 

1561
01:21:45,100 --> 01:21:48,400
heart and it is been granted. 
A license by the local 

1562
01:21:48,400 --> 01:21:51,400
Magistrate. 
This license is a serious 

1563
01:21:51,400 --> 01:21:54,800
business inside. 
You find the familiar setup of 

1564
01:21:54,800 --> 01:21:57,200
tables and fire and serving 
Folk. 

1565
01:21:57,900 --> 01:21:59,500
But there are new rules, 
governing everything. 

1566
01:21:59,500 --> 01:22:01,800
The Innkeeper must keep 
accurate. 

1567
01:22:01,800 --> 01:22:05,100
Records of who stays here. 
The local authorities want to 

1568
01:22:05,100 --> 01:22:07,600
know about strangers. 
Passing through there are 

1569
01:22:07,608 --> 01:22:10,800
concerns about vagabonds and 
masterless, Men wandering, the 

1570
01:22:10,800 --> 01:22:14,600
countryside causing trouble. 
You asked your name and business

1571
01:22:14,600 --> 01:22:17,600
by The Innkeeper. 
This is not nosiness. 

1572
01:22:17,600 --> 01:22:21,300
This is the law. 
He writes your information 

1573
01:22:21,300 --> 01:22:25,300
carefully in a ledger book. 
His handwriting is surprisingly 

1574
01:22:25,300 --> 01:22:28,100
good. 
Literacy is spreading among 

1575
01:22:28,100 --> 01:22:31,900
Merchants And Trades people. 
It is becoming necessary for 

1576
01:22:31,900 --> 01:22:35,600
running a proper business. 
The allay you served comes in a 

1577
01:22:35,600 --> 01:22:39,000
standardized measure, ale 
houses, and no longer allowed to

1578
01:22:39,008 --> 01:22:40,800
serve, whatever quantity, they 
fancy. 

1579
01:22:41,700 --> 01:22:44,500
The government has established 
official sizes for drinks. 

1580
01:22:44,500 --> 01:22:48,000
This is meant to prevent 
cheating and ensure fair trade. 

1581
01:22:48,000 --> 01:22:50,700
The cup has a mark on it showing
the fill line. 

1582
01:22:50,700 --> 01:22:53,600
You notice that price is a 
posted on the wall. 

1583
01:22:54,500 --> 01:22:57,000
Another new requirement 
Travelers. 

1584
01:22:57,000 --> 01:22:58,300
Should know what they're paying 
before. 

1585
01:22:58,300 --> 01:23:01,900
They order the age of vague 
barter and negotiation is 

1586
01:23:01,900 --> 01:23:04,300
fading. 
Money is becoming more common, 

1587
01:23:04,300 --> 01:23:06,900
the economy is slowly 
standardizing. 

1588
01:23:06,900 --> 01:23:10,400
The food is hearty roasted. 
Cape on with bread sauce. 

1589
01:23:10,400 --> 01:23:15,800
Buttered past nips, a thick pot 
of peas, the Inn is required to 

1590
01:23:15,800 --> 01:23:17,700
provide good quality food to 
Travelers. 

1591
01:23:17,700 --> 01:23:21,900
The license can be revoked if 
standard slip regular 

1592
01:23:21,900 --> 01:23:23,700
inspections and short 
compliance. 

1593
01:23:23,700 --> 01:23:26,600
The government takes the 
regulation of ins, very 

1594
01:23:26,600 --> 01:23:30,400
seriously. 
Why all this attention from the 

1595
01:23:30,400 --> 01:23:34,200
authorities because of becoming 
important to the functioning of 

1596
01:23:34,208 --> 01:23:37,000
the realm. 
They are when you spreads where 

1597
01:23:37,000 --> 01:23:40,400
Merchants do business, where 
government Messengers rest 

1598
01:23:40,400 --> 01:23:44,200
between legs of their Journeys. 
The status realized that 

1599
01:23:44,200 --> 01:23:46,200
controlling ends means 
controlling the flow of 

1600
01:23:46,200 --> 01:23:48,900
information. 
And commerce, you strike up 

1601
01:23:48,900 --> 01:23:52,100
conversation with a wool 
Merchant from Norwich, he is 

1602
01:23:52,100 --> 01:23:55,700
traveling to London with samples
of his cloth, the road to better

1603
01:23:55,708 --> 01:23:59,600
maintain now than they were in. 
Medieval times the government 

1604
01:23:59,600 --> 01:24:02,600
has passed laws, requiring 
parishes to repair the roads 

1605
01:24:02,600 --> 01:24:06,700
that run through their lands. 
Travel is fast and somewhat 

1606
01:24:06,700 --> 01:24:09,100
safer. 
The merchant tells you about the

1607
01:24:09,100 --> 01:24:12,200
new sumptuary laws. 
These laws, dictate what 

1608
01:24:12,200 --> 01:24:14,800
clothing people of different 
social ranks were allowed to 

1609
01:24:14,800 --> 01:24:17,800
wear a merchant, like him can 
wear Goodwill. 

1610
01:24:17,800 --> 01:24:22,000
But not silk, silk is reserved 
for nobility, he finds this 

1611
01:24:22,000 --> 01:24:26,400
frustrating, but accepts it, as 
the way things are, Society has 

1612
01:24:26,400 --> 01:24:29,000
its higher keys and clothing 
makes them visible. 

1613
01:24:30,200 --> 01:24:32,500
Travel at the next table is 
reading a pamphlet. 

1614
01:24:32,500 --> 01:24:35,300
This would have been impossible 
a century ago. 

1615
01:24:35,300 --> 01:24:40,100
Now printing has made pamphlets 
cheap and common ideas spread 

1616
01:24:40,100 --> 01:24:43,500
faster than ever before. 
The pamphlet appears to be about

1617
01:24:43,500 --> 01:24:46,000
religion. 
Everyone has opinions about 

1618
01:24:46,000 --> 01:24:49,500
religion these days, the break 
with Rome still Echoes through 

1619
01:24:49,500 --> 01:24:53,700
English society The Innkeeper is
careful about religious 

1620
01:24:53,700 --> 01:24:55,400
discussions in his 
establishment. 

1621
01:24:56,500 --> 01:24:59,300
Strong opinions about the pope 
or the proper form of church, 

1622
01:24:59,300 --> 01:25:03,100
service can lead to arguments, 
arguments, can lead to fights 

1623
01:25:03,100 --> 01:25:06,100
fights can lead to his license 
being revoked. 

1624
01:25:06,100 --> 01:25:09,300
So he gently steers 
conversational away from 

1625
01:25:09,300 --> 01:25:12,400
controversial topics. 
When things heat up, you are 

1626
01:25:12,400 --> 01:25:15,700
served wine with your meal wine 
is more common now among those 

1627
01:25:15,700 --> 01:25:19,000
who can afford it. 
Trade with France and Spain has 

1628
01:25:19,000 --> 01:25:20,800
increased despite political 
tensions. 

1629
01:25:20,800 --> 01:25:24,600
The wine is red and slightly 
Vineyard, but Pleasant enough. 

1630
01:25:24,600 --> 01:25:27,500
It comes from somewhere in 
gascony according to the 

1631
01:25:27,500 --> 01:25:31,600
merchant, who knows about such 
things, The evening progresses 

1632
01:25:31,600 --> 01:25:36,400
with more eating and drinking a 
group of players arrives, he's a

1633
01:25:36,400 --> 01:25:39,600
traveling actors who perform at 
various ins and private houses. 

1634
01:25:39,600 --> 01:25:43,200
Their carrying their props and 
costumes in a large trunk. 

1635
01:25:44,100 --> 01:25:45,900
The Innkeeper seems to know them
and greets. 

1636
01:25:45,900 --> 01:25:49,400
Them warmly entertainment is 
good for business, the player 

1637
01:25:49,400 --> 01:25:51,400
set up in a corner and begin a 
performance. 

1638
01:25:51,400 --> 01:25:55,100
They act out a comic scene, 
involving a foolish husband, and

1639
01:25:55,100 --> 01:25:57,800
a clever wife. 
The audience laughs at The 

1640
01:25:57,800 --> 01:26:01,100
Familiar jokes and exaggerated 
gestures theater. 

1641
01:26:01,100 --> 01:26:04,500
Has become hugely popular in 
London and the trend is 

1642
01:26:04,500 --> 01:26:07,400
spreading to the province's. 
You notice that the Inn has 

1643
01:26:07,400 --> 01:26:12,100
glass windows small pains held 
together with LED glasses. 

1644
01:26:12,100 --> 01:26:14,300
Becoming more affordable though 
still a luxury? 

1645
01:26:15,200 --> 01:26:18,000
The windows let in light during 
the day while keeping out the 

1646
01:26:18,000 --> 01:26:20,700
weather, they can be opened for 
air when needed. 

1647
01:26:20,700 --> 01:26:25,100
This is progress, the sleeping 
arrangements are better than in 

1648
01:26:25,100 --> 01:26:28,200
medieval times. 
You're shown to a room that you 

1649
01:26:28,208 --> 01:26:31,300
will share with only two other 
Travellers in a whole crowd. 

1650
01:26:32,100 --> 01:26:35,600
The beds have proper frames, and
the mattresses are stuffed with 

1651
01:26:35,600 --> 01:26:39,600
wool instead of straw. 
Sheets are provided though. 

1652
01:26:39,600 --> 01:26:41,500
You suspect. 
They are not washed as often as 

1653
01:26:41,500 --> 01:26:43,700
might be ideal before you 
retire. 

1654
01:26:43,700 --> 01:26:45,700
The Innkeeper, reminds you of 
the house rules. 

1655
01:26:45,700 --> 01:26:49,900
No, weapons to be drawn inside. 
No Blast for me or taking the 

1656
01:26:49,900 --> 01:26:53,200
lord's name in vain. 
No, dicing or card playing for 

1657
01:26:53,200 --> 01:26:55,700
money as gambling is technically
illegal. 

1658
01:26:55,700 --> 01:26:58,000
You not agreement to all of 
this. 

1659
01:26:58,000 --> 01:27:00,100
The rules are posted on the 
wall. 

1660
01:27:00,100 --> 01:27:04,000
For those who can read up stairs
in your room, you find a base of

1661
01:27:04,000 --> 01:27:06,700
water for washing. 
This is a nice touch. 

1662
01:27:07,500 --> 01:27:10,700
Cleanliness is starting to be 
valued more highly, the old 

1663
01:27:10,700 --> 01:27:14,400
medieval acceptance of dirt and 
grime is slowly, giving way to 

1664
01:27:14,400 --> 01:27:16,500
new ideas about hygiene and 
health. 

1665
01:27:17,500 --> 01:27:18,900
Your room has a lock on the 
door. 

1666
01:27:18,900 --> 01:27:21,700
You can secure your belongings 
while you sleep. 

1667
01:27:21,700 --> 01:27:26,500
This too is progress. 
Theft was a constant worry in 

1668
01:27:26,500 --> 01:27:30,200
earlier, times now, insert 
taking responsibility for their 

1669
01:27:30,200 --> 01:27:34,300
guests, safety and property. 
If something is stolen, The 

1670
01:27:34,300 --> 01:27:36,000
Innkeeper can be held 
accountable. 

1671
01:27:37,000 --> 01:27:39,400
You lie down on your bed and 
pull up the blankets. 

1672
01:27:40,100 --> 01:27:42,000
Through the walls. 
You can hear the murmur of 

1673
01:27:42,008 --> 01:27:43,800
conversation from the main hall 
below. 

1674
01:27:44,700 --> 01:27:48,700
Someone is singing. 
The tune is from a popular 

1675
01:27:48,700 --> 01:27:50,700
ballad, about a Scottish border 
raid. 

1676
01:27:50,700 --> 01:27:53,200
The melody, carries through the 
floorboards. 

1677
01:27:54,000 --> 01:27:57,000
The Tudor World outside. 
These walls is complex and 

1678
01:27:57,000 --> 01:27:59,600
changing. 
The old certainties of the 

1679
01:27:59,600 --> 01:28:03,200
medieval Catholic world have 
been shattered, new religious 

1680
01:28:03,200 --> 01:28:05,300
ideas compete for hearts and 
Minds. 

1681
01:28:05,300 --> 01:28:10,100
The economy is expanding 
Traders, growing cities are 

1682
01:28:10,100 --> 01:28:13,000
getting larger. 
Literacy is spreading the 

1683
01:28:13,000 --> 01:28:14,600
printing. 
Press is transforming how 

1684
01:28:14,600 --> 01:28:18,700
information moves But here in 
this, in the basic human needs 

1685
01:28:18,700 --> 01:28:23,900
remain the same food. 
Drink warmth, rest company. 

1686
01:28:23,900 --> 01:28:27,700
Safety. 
The white heart provides, these 

1687
01:28:27,700 --> 01:28:30,100
things under the watchful of 
government regulation. 

1688
01:28:30,800 --> 01:28:33,400
The license on the wall, 
represents the new organized 

1689
01:28:33,400 --> 01:28:35,400
State reaching into every corner
of life. 

1690
01:28:36,500 --> 01:28:39,900
You drift towards sleep thinking
about how much is changed and 

1691
01:28:39,900 --> 01:28:43,800
how much remains familiar. 
The fire down stairs, still 

1692
01:28:43,800 --> 01:28:48,000
crackles, people still share 
stories and news Travelers. 

1693
01:28:48,000 --> 01:28:52,100
Still need places to rest. 
The forms and regulations May 

1694
01:28:52,100 --> 01:28:54,300
evolve. 
But the fundamental purpose 

1695
01:28:54,300 --> 01:28:57,700
endures, you step into a very 
different establishment. 

1696
01:28:57,700 --> 01:29:02,500
Now, the year of 1721 and you're
in a narrow Street in London, 

1697
01:29:02,500 --> 01:29:05,700
the building before you is 
shabby and cramped. 

1698
01:29:06,300 --> 01:29:08,800
Accrued sign announces this as 
Jin shop. 

1699
01:29:09,500 --> 01:29:10,900
Push open the door with some 
trepidation. 

1700
01:29:10,900 --> 01:29:15,300
The smell hits you first 
unwashed bodies cheap. 

1701
01:29:15,300 --> 01:29:18,300
Alcohol, vomit. 
Desperation. 

1702
01:29:18,300 --> 01:29:22,300
This is not the Kozy world of 
Country Inns, and regulated ale 

1703
01:29:22,300 --> 01:29:24,600
House's. 
This is something darker and 

1704
01:29:24,600 --> 01:29:27,700
more troubling. 
The Gin craze as gripped London 

1705
01:29:27,700 --> 01:29:31,900
and it is destroying live. 
The room is packed with people. 

1706
01:29:31,900 --> 01:29:35,700
Drinking gin at all hours. 
There is no pretense of meals or

1707
01:29:35,700 --> 01:29:38,600
a accommodation. 
This is purely about selling gin

1708
01:29:38,600 --> 01:29:40,200
as cheaply and quickly as 
possible. 

1709
01:29:40,200 --> 01:29:44,300
The Gin costs almost nothing. 
A few pennies will buy enough to

1710
01:29:44,300 --> 01:29:48,300
get thoroughly drunk. 
Woman behind the counter, pause 

1711
01:29:48,300 --> 01:29:51,200
Jin from a large barrel. 
She does not bother with proper 

1712
01:29:51,200 --> 01:29:53,400
measures. 
She splashes it into whatever 

1713
01:29:53,400 --> 01:29:58,800
containers people bring Cups 
bowls bottles, even cupped 

1714
01:29:58,800 --> 01:30:02,400
hands, and extreme cases. 
The Jinn is raw and harsh. 

1715
01:30:03,100 --> 01:30:05,100
It has been distilled quickly 
and poorly. 

1716
01:30:05,700 --> 01:30:08,400
Sometimes dangerous, additives 
are mixed into increase the 

1717
01:30:08,400 --> 01:30:11,000
volume. 
You watch a woman drain her Cup 

1718
01:30:11,000 --> 01:30:14,700
in one Gulp and immediately 
asked for more, the children are

1719
01:30:14,700 --> 01:30:17,200
with her. 
Small dirty faces watching their

1720
01:30:17,200 --> 01:30:18,700
mother drink away. 
What little money? 

1721
01:30:18,700 --> 01:30:21,400
The family has One, child is 
crying. 

1722
01:30:21,400 --> 01:30:25,700
The mother ignores the sound. 
The Gin provides a escape from a

1723
01:30:25,700 --> 01:30:29,000
life of poverty and hardship 
that escapes worth any price. 

1724
01:30:29,000 --> 01:30:31,700
A man in the corner is already 
unconscious. 

1725
01:30:33,000 --> 01:30:35,000
He slumps against the wall with 
his mouth open. 

1726
01:30:35,000 --> 01:30:38,600
No one pays him any attention. 
This is normal. 

1727
01:30:39,200 --> 01:30:41,700
People drink themselves into 
Oblivion here every day. 

1728
01:30:42,600 --> 01:30:45,500
Some of them do not wake up. 
Jen as earned its nickname 

1729
01:30:45,500 --> 01:30:49,500
mother's ruin. 
The Jinn shop is legal 

1730
01:30:49,500 --> 01:30:52,600
distilling and selling gin 
requires no license. 

1731
01:30:52,600 --> 01:30:56,600
Anyone can do it. 
Thousands of these shops have 

1732
01:30:56,600 --> 01:30:59,600
opened across London. 
They cluster in the poorest 

1733
01:30:59,600 --> 01:31:02,100
neighborhoods where people are 
most desperate for cheap and 

1734
01:31:02,100 --> 01:31:06,000
toxic occasion. 
You take a cautious of gin from 

1735
01:31:06,000 --> 01:31:09,400
a cup the woman hands. 
You The Taste is vile. 

1736
01:31:09,400 --> 01:31:12,600
It burns your throat and makes 
your eyes water. 

1737
01:31:12,600 --> 01:31:17,100
There is a faint flavor of 
juniper berries, but mostly it 

1738
01:31:17,100 --> 01:31:21,700
taste of raw alcohol and misery.
You understand why people drink 

1739
01:31:21,700 --> 01:31:24,100
it so fast. 
No one would say for this. 

1740
01:31:25,100 --> 01:31:28,100
The room is loud with arguments 
and crying and occasional 

1741
01:31:28,100 --> 01:31:30,400
laughter. 
A man is trying to sell his 

1742
01:31:30,400 --> 01:31:33,300
jacket for more gin money. 
Another is pawning. 

1743
01:31:33,300 --> 01:31:36,800
His shoes possessions are traded
for drinks until people have 

1744
01:31:36,800 --> 01:31:40,200
nothing left. 
Then they beg or steal or sell 

1745
01:31:40,200 --> 01:31:44,000
their bodas for the next cup. 
This is not the convivial 

1746
01:31:44,000 --> 01:31:47,400
atmosphere of traditional pubs, 
there is no Community here. 

1747
01:31:47,400 --> 01:31:52,500
No, shared stories or song, Just
isolated individuals pursuing 

1748
01:31:52,500 --> 01:31:55,700
Oblivion. 
The Gin shop is a symptom of a 

1749
01:31:55,700 --> 01:31:59,000
society in crisis. 
London has grown too fast 

1750
01:31:59,000 --> 01:32:01,400
Industrial. 
Revolution is beginning to 

1751
01:32:01,400 --> 01:32:04,800
transform England. 
People flood into cities looking

1752
01:32:04,800 --> 01:32:07,300
for work and find only poverty 
and overcrowding. 

1753
01:32:08,100 --> 01:32:12,400
Traditional Beer and Ale cost. 
More than gin a laborer earning,

1754
01:32:12,400 --> 01:32:13,600
a pits. 
Cannot afford. 

1755
01:32:13,600 --> 01:32:17,900
Proper drinks, but genius cheap.
Distillers discovered, they 

1756
01:32:17,900 --> 01:32:19,500
could make gin from almost 
anything. 

1757
01:32:20,500 --> 01:32:24,200
Grain of the poorest quality. 
Industrial waste products. 

1758
01:32:25,000 --> 01:32:27,900
There's long as it was fermented
and distilled it could become 

1759
01:32:27,900 --> 01:32:29,900
gin. 
The government has not yet. 

1760
01:32:29,900 --> 01:32:31,700
Figured out how to respond to 
this crisis. 

1761
01:32:31,700 --> 01:32:35,200
There have been some attempts at
regulation, but enforcement is 

1762
01:32:35,200 --> 01:32:38,600
difficult. 
Gin shops operate, openly in 

1763
01:32:38,600 --> 01:32:40,900
broad daylight the prophets, too
good. 

1764
01:32:40,900 --> 01:32:43,400
And the demand too high for laws
to make much difference. 

1765
01:32:44,500 --> 01:32:47,400
You notice a pregnant woman 
drinking heavily at the counter.

1766
01:32:47,400 --> 01:32:52,000
This is unfortunately common the
effects of gin on unborn 

1767
01:32:52,000 --> 01:32:53,900
children are becoming tragically
clear. 

1768
01:32:54,700 --> 01:33:00,200
Babies born weak or deformed 
infant mortality is rising, but 

1769
01:33:00,200 --> 01:33:02,400
addiction to not care about 
consequences. 

1770
01:33:02,400 --> 01:33:07,200
The woman drinks until she can 
barely stand and then staggers 

1771
01:33:07,200 --> 01:33:10,500
out into the street. 
Child no more than 10 years old 

1772
01:33:10,500 --> 01:33:12,200
comes in and buys a couple of 
gym. 

1773
01:33:13,200 --> 01:33:15,300
The shopkeeper takes his money 
without question. 

1774
01:33:15,300 --> 01:33:20,000
There are no age restrictions, 
no one asked, whether serving 

1775
01:33:20,000 --> 01:33:23,400
alcohol to Children might be, 
harmful, business is business. 

1776
01:33:23,400 --> 01:33:26,300
Gin is the booming business of 
the day. 

1777
01:33:27,400 --> 01:33:30,400
You force yourself to take 
another Sip and immediately 

1778
01:33:30,400 --> 01:33:33,200
regret it. 
The Gin taste worse on the 

1779
01:33:33,200 --> 01:33:36,300
second go. 
He abandoned the cup on a grimy 

1780
01:33:36,300 --> 01:33:39,600
table and head for the door. 
You need fresh air and distance 

1781
01:33:39,600 --> 01:33:42,300
from this place. 
Outside the street is not much 

1782
01:33:42,300 --> 01:33:45,000
better people sprawled drunken 
doorways. 

1783
01:33:45,000 --> 01:33:48,000
A woman lies in the gutter on 
conscience or dead. 

1784
01:33:48,000 --> 01:33:52,600
It is hard to tell which Passes 
by step over her without 

1785
01:33:52,600 --> 01:33:55,700
stopping. 
This is London during the Gin 

1786
01:33:55,700 --> 01:33:57,600
craze in such sites are 
unremarkable. 

1787
01:33:58,500 --> 01:34:01,400
The city has nearly 8,000 gin 
shops at this point. 

1788
01:34:01,400 --> 01:34:04,800
That is one for every five or 
six houses in some 

1789
01:34:04,808 --> 01:34:07,800
neighborhoods. 
The social fabric is tearing 

1790
01:34:07,800 --> 01:34:11,900
apart under the weight of cheap 
Spirits crime, is rising 

1791
01:34:11,900 --> 01:34:15,900
families are breaking down, 
public health is collapsing, 

1792
01:34:16,800 --> 01:34:19,100
William Hogarth will soon 
publish his famous. 

1793
01:34:19,100 --> 01:34:22,900
Print gin Lane depicting the 
horrors of this era. 

1794
01:34:24,100 --> 01:34:26,700
The image will show a drunken 
mother dropping her baby. 

1795
01:34:27,600 --> 01:34:31,200
Corpses being loaded into 
coffins, building's collapsing, 

1796
01:34:31,200 --> 01:34:35,400
porn Brokers a thriving, it will
be only slightly exaggerated 

1797
01:34:35,400 --> 01:34:38,200
from reality. 
But changes coming. 

1798
01:34:39,100 --> 01:34:42,700
The government will eventually 
pass the gym Act of 1751. 

1799
01:34:42,700 --> 01:34:45,200
This law will make it much 
harder to sell. 

1800
01:34:45,200 --> 01:34:50,300
Jim license is, will be required
prices will be regulated, the 

1801
01:34:50,300 --> 01:34:53,700
number of gin shops will fall 
dramatically the worst of the 

1802
01:34:53,700 --> 01:34:57,300
Gin craze will end though. 
It will take decades for society

1803
01:34:57,300 --> 01:35:01,600
to fully recover. 
For now, though, in 1721, the 

1804
01:35:01,600 --> 01:35:05,600
crisis is at its peak, the Gin 
shop, you just left will serve 

1805
01:35:05,600 --> 01:35:08,000
hundreds, more customers. 
Today, some will drink 

1806
01:35:08,000 --> 01:35:10,900
themselves into a stupor, some 
will spend their last pennies, 

1807
01:35:10,900 --> 01:35:15,300
some will never leave the cheap 
gin flows, and flows and the 

1808
01:35:15,300 --> 01:35:17,400
human costs mounts higher every 
day. 

1809
01:35:18,200 --> 01:35:20,000
He will quickly away from that 
neighborhood. 

1810
01:35:20,000 --> 01:35:23,900
Seeking cleaner, air, and better
surroundings, eventually you 

1811
01:35:23,900 --> 01:35:27,400
find a more traditional Tavern, 
in a better part of town here. 

1812
01:35:27,400 --> 01:35:29,600
People drink beer and Ale in 
moderation. 

1813
01:35:29,600 --> 01:35:33,100
There is food available. 
The atmosphere is calm and 

1814
01:35:33,100 --> 01:35:34,900
decent. 
This is how drinking 

1815
01:35:34,900 --> 01:35:38,200
establishment should be the. 
Barman tells you that many 

1816
01:35:38,200 --> 01:35:40,900
people are disgusted by what gin
has done to London. 

1817
01:35:40,900 --> 01:35:44,600
There is growing pressure for 
reform clergy, preach against 

1818
01:35:44,600 --> 01:35:47,300
drunkenness, Physicians 
document, the health 

1819
01:35:47,300 --> 01:35:50,800
consequences magistrate. 
See the link between gin and 

1820
01:35:50,808 --> 01:35:53,400
crime. 
Change will come because it must

1821
01:35:53,400 --> 01:35:56,500
order a proper ale and Savor the
clean taste. 

1822
01:35:56,500 --> 01:36:00,500
This is what beer should be made
with care from good ingredients.

1823
01:36:00,500 --> 01:36:03,500
Served in a respectable 
establishment where people can 

1824
01:36:03,500 --> 01:36:05,800
gather socially without 
destroying themselves. 

1825
01:36:06,800 --> 01:36:09,800
The contrast with the Gin shop 
could not be Starker. 

1826
01:36:09,800 --> 01:36:13,400
As you drink your ale, you 
reflect on how drinking 

1827
01:36:13,400 --> 01:36:16,700
establishments can serve 
different purposes at their 

1828
01:36:16,700 --> 01:36:20,100
best, their Community gathering 
places that strengthen social 

1829
01:36:20,100 --> 01:36:23,700
bonds at their worst. 
They enable addiction and 

1830
01:36:23,700 --> 01:36:26,100
suffering. 
The difference lies in 

1831
01:36:26,100 --> 01:36:29,700
regulation quality and social 
norms around consumption. 

1832
01:36:30,900 --> 01:36:33,900
The Janeiro will be remembered 
as dark chapter in British 

1833
01:36:33,900 --> 01:36:37,500
drinking history, but it will 
also lead to important reforms. 

1834
01:36:38,200 --> 01:36:41,200
Society will learn that cheap 
access to strong Spirits without

1835
01:36:41,200 --> 01:36:44,000
any controls, is a recipe for 
disaster. 

1836
01:36:44,000 --> 01:36:47,700
The lessons from this time will 
shape alcohol policy for 

1837
01:36:47,700 --> 01:36:52,100
generations to come You push 
open the etched glass door of 

1838
01:36:52,100 --> 01:36:54,300
the Railway arms in the year 
1885. 

1839
01:36:55,300 --> 01:36:58,800
Queen Victoria has been on the 
throne for nearly 50 years and 

1840
01:36:58,800 --> 01:37:01,200
Britain is at the height of its 
industrial power. 

1841
01:37:02,500 --> 01:37:05,300
The pub U enter reflects this 
era of confidence and 

1842
01:37:05,300 --> 01:37:08,400
prosperity. 
First thing, you notice is how 

1843
01:37:08,400 --> 01:37:12,400
bright everything is. gas, lamps
illuminate, the interior with 

1844
01:37:12,400 --> 01:37:16,900
steady, reliable light, no more 
flickering candles or Smoky oil 

1845
01:37:16,900 --> 01:37:21,400
lamps, The gas mantles, his 
softly and cast a warm glow over

1846
01:37:21,400 --> 01:37:23,300
polished wood and gleaming 
brass. 

1847
01:37:24,000 --> 01:37:26,700
The bar itself is a magnificent 
piece of furniture. 

1848
01:37:27,700 --> 01:37:32,200
Solid mahogany with elaborate 
carvings the bar top is polished

1849
01:37:32,200 --> 01:37:36,600
to a mirror shine behind it 
arose of bottles and Taps and 

1850
01:37:36,600 --> 01:37:38,700
the Machinery of modern drinks 
service. 

1851
01:37:38,700 --> 01:37:41,400
Everything is organized and 
efficient. 

1852
01:37:42,300 --> 01:37:45,400
The barman wears, a clean white 
apron, and a proper shirt with 

1853
01:37:45,400 --> 01:37:48,700
sleeve garters. 
He looks professional and takes 

1854
01:37:48,700 --> 01:37:51,700
pride in his work. 
When you order a pint, he pulls 

1855
01:37:51,700 --> 01:37:55,200
the beer with practice teas, the
hand pump brings the beer up 

1856
01:37:55,200 --> 01:37:57,900
from barrels. 
In the cellar below each pump 

1857
01:37:57,900 --> 01:38:00,400
handle is decorated with the 
ceramic label, showing the 

1858
01:38:00,400 --> 01:38:03,500
brewery name. 
Your beer arrives in a proper 

1859
01:38:03,500 --> 01:38:06,700
glass tankard. 
The glasses, thick and solid. 

1860
01:38:06,700 --> 01:38:09,400
It has the pubs name etched into
it. 

1861
01:38:10,100 --> 01:38:13,300
This is a far cry from the rough
cuts and leather vessels of 

1862
01:38:13,300 --> 01:38:16,800
earlier eras. 
The beer itself is clear and 

1863
01:38:16,800 --> 01:38:20,000
gold and modern Brewing, 
techniques of transformed, the 

1864
01:38:20,000 --> 01:38:24,400
quality of British Beer. 
You taste it and the flavor is 

1865
01:38:24,400 --> 01:38:28,900
clean and well balanced. 
This is pale ale from Burton on 

1866
01:38:28,900 --> 01:38:31,100
Trent. 
The breweries there have 

1867
01:38:31,100 --> 01:38:34,900
perfected, the art of using the 
local water to create crisp 

1868
01:38:34,900 --> 01:38:38,100
hoppy beers. 
The beer has traveled here by 

1869
01:38:38,100 --> 01:38:41,800
rail in just a few hours. 
The railway network has, 

1870
01:38:41,800 --> 01:38:46,000
revolutionized the distribution 
of beer, the pub is divided into

1871
01:38:46,000 --> 01:38:49,200
different sections. 
Your standing in the public Bar,

1872
01:38:49,200 --> 01:38:52,600
which is the most basic and 
cheapest area through a doorway,

1873
01:38:52,600 --> 01:38:55,600
you can see the Saloon bar which
has better Furnishing and higher

1874
01:38:55,600 --> 01:38:58,600
prices. 
Beyond that is The Snug where 

1875
01:38:58,600 --> 01:39:01,000
respectable women can drink 
without being seen from the 

1876
01:39:01,000 --> 01:39:04,000
street. 
This division of space reflects 

1877
01:39:04,000 --> 01:39:06,000
a Victorian, social 
stratification. 

1878
01:39:06,900 --> 01:39:09,900
Working men. 
Drinking the public Bar lower 

1879
01:39:09,900 --> 01:39:13,500
middle, class, Clarks and shop 
workers use the saloon women and

1880
01:39:13,500 --> 01:39:15,600
couples seeking privacy. 
Use the snug. 

1881
01:39:15,600 --> 01:39:18,100
Everyone knows their place and 
stays in it. 

1882
01:39:18,900 --> 01:39:22,000
The public Bar has sawdust on 
the floor to absorb spills. 

1883
01:39:22,000 --> 01:39:24,200
Simple, wooden benches lined the
walls. 

1884
01:39:24,208 --> 01:39:28,700
A dartboard hangs in one corner.
And several men are playing the 

1885
01:39:28,700 --> 01:39:31,700
sound of darks, thudding into 
court, punctuates the 

1886
01:39:31,700 --> 01:39:34,300
conversation. 
Someone keeps score on a 

1887
01:39:34,300 --> 01:39:37,800
chalkboard. 
Above the bar, is a large mirror

1888
01:39:37,800 --> 01:39:42,000
advertising, bass, pale ale, the
red triangle logo is familiar to

1889
01:39:42,000 --> 01:39:45,700
everyone base has become one of 
Britain's largest breweries. 

1890
01:39:45,700 --> 01:39:48,200
Through aggressive marketing and
efficient production. 

1891
01:39:48,200 --> 01:39:50,200
Their advertisements are 
everywhere. 

1892
01:39:50,200 --> 01:39:54,100
The pub sells more than just 
beer behind the bar of bottles 

1893
01:39:54,100 --> 01:40:00,700
of spirits, whiskey, gin rum 
Brandy, The Gin is no longer the

1894
01:40:00,700 --> 01:40:02,800
dangerous rocker of the previous
century. 

1895
01:40:03,700 --> 01:40:08,100
It is proper London, dry gin 
from reputable distillers, the 

1896
01:40:08,100 --> 01:40:12,200
regulation's passed decades ago 
of worked, you notice that food 

1897
01:40:12,200 --> 01:40:15,500
is available highs and 
sandwiches, and pickled eggs and

1898
01:40:15,500 --> 01:40:18,600
large jars. 
The Victorian Pub is becoming a 

1899
01:40:18,600 --> 01:40:20,800
place where working men can get 
in affordable meal. 

1900
01:40:21,500 --> 01:40:25,000
The food is simple but filling a
meat pie and a pint, make a 

1901
01:40:25,008 --> 01:40:28,600
satisfying lunch. 
A clock on the wall shows, the 

1902
01:40:28,600 --> 01:40:32,100
time Licensing. 
Laws now dictate when pubs can 

1903
01:40:32,100 --> 01:40:35,000
open and close no more all-day 
drinking. 

1904
01:40:35,000 --> 01:40:38,800
The pub opens at specific hours 
and must close at specific 

1905
01:40:38,800 --> 01:40:41,100
times. 
The police enforce these 

1906
01:40:41,100 --> 01:40:45,000
regulation strictly The barman 
keeps one eye on the clock, 

1907
01:40:45,000 --> 01:40:47,500
knowing he faces fines if he 
serves after hours. 

1908
01:40:48,500 --> 01:40:52,300
Clientele is entirely male at 
this time of day, working men 

1909
01:40:52,300 --> 01:40:55,700
stopping off to their shifts at 
the factory or the docks, the 

1910
01:40:55,700 --> 01:40:57,800
faces are tired. 
But the atmosphere is relaxed. 

1911
01:40:57,800 --> 01:41:02,300
This is their social club, their
escape from crowded, tenements, 

1912
01:41:02,300 --> 01:41:05,500
and demanding bosses 
conversation, flows around. 

1913
01:41:05,500 --> 01:41:10,000
You talk of work and wages, 
complaints about four men and 

1914
01:41:10,008 --> 01:41:14,500
landlords plans for the weekend,
football matches and boxing 

1915
01:41:14,500 --> 01:41:18,100
bouts, the ordinary concerns of 
working class life in an 

1916
01:41:18,100 --> 01:41:21,700
industrial city. 
The pub provides a space for men

1917
01:41:21,700 --> 01:41:23,100
to gather and share their 
experiences. 

1918
01:41:23,100 --> 01:41:25,600
You move through to The Saloon 
bar. 

1919
01:41:26,300 --> 01:41:29,700
Here, the Furnishings are more 
comfortable, a pulsed benches 

1920
01:41:29,700 --> 01:41:33,500
small round tables. 
The sawdust is replaced with 

1921
01:41:33,500 --> 01:41:36,900
patterned carpet. 
Pictures, hang on the walls, 

1922
01:41:36,900 --> 01:41:39,000
showing hunting scenes and Rural
landscapes. 

1923
01:41:40,000 --> 01:41:43,100
The prices are higher, but the 
environment is more Gentile. 

1924
01:41:44,500 --> 01:41:47,400
A group of Clerks from the 
nearby insurance office sit 

1925
01:41:47,400 --> 01:41:51,200
discussing their work, they wear
suits and collars that mark them

1926
01:41:51,200 --> 01:41:53,100
as respectable white collar 
workers. 

1927
01:41:53,100 --> 01:41:56,800
They drink beer from handled 
glasses and speaking measured 

1928
01:41:56,800 --> 01:42:00,000
tones, they are careful to 
distinguish themselves from the 

1929
01:42:00,000 --> 01:42:03,600
rougher crowd in the public Bar.
Victorian Pub has become 

1930
01:42:03,600 --> 01:42:07,800
segregated, not just by space. 
But by culture, different areas,

1931
01:42:07,800 --> 01:42:10,900
attract different, social 
classes, the architecture 

1932
01:42:10,900 --> 01:42:12,800
itself, enforces these 
divisions. 

1933
01:42:12,800 --> 01:42:17,400
You cannot see from the public 
Bar in the saloon, The Working 

1934
01:42:17,400 --> 01:42:20,500
Man and the Clarks drinking the 
same building, but might as well

1935
01:42:20,500 --> 01:42:24,400
be in different worlds. 
In The Snug, you find a 

1936
01:42:24,400 --> 01:42:27,600
different atmosphere entirely. 
This small private room has 

1937
01:42:27,600 --> 01:42:29,800
frosted glass windows facing the
street. 

1938
01:42:30,600 --> 01:42:33,400
A middle-aged couple sits 
quietly, sharing a bottle of 

1939
01:42:33,408 --> 01:42:36,000
stout. 
They can drink here without 

1940
01:42:36,000 --> 01:42:40,000
being observed by passes. 
By respectability is maintained.

1941
01:42:40,000 --> 01:42:42,800
The reforms of the mid. 
Victorian period have 

1942
01:42:42,800 --> 01:42:45,800
transformed pubs from the 
chaotic gin shops of early 

1943
01:42:45,800 --> 01:42:49,600
decades. 
Pubs are now regulated licensed 

1944
01:42:49,600 --> 01:42:53,800
and expected to maintain order. 
The police have powers to close 

1945
01:42:53,800 --> 01:42:56,800
establishments that cause 
trouble publicans have learned 

1946
01:42:56,800 --> 01:43:00,300
to run tight ships Temperance, 
movements argue that even these 

1947
01:43:00,300 --> 01:43:04,000
reformed pubs are dense. 
Advice they campaign for total 

1948
01:43:04,000 --> 01:43:07,100
prohibition. 
But most people reject such 

1949
01:43:07,100 --> 01:43:10,600
extreme views the pub serves an 
important social function, 

1950
01:43:10,600 --> 01:43:13,700
especially for working men with 
few other Leisure options. 

1951
01:43:14,600 --> 01:43:17,400
He is regulation, not 
elimination. 

1952
01:43:18,300 --> 01:43:21,100
You order another pint and 
settle into conversation with a 

1953
01:43:21,100 --> 01:43:23,600
plasterer, who works on the new 
buildings, going up a cross 

1954
01:43:23,600 --> 01:43:25,700
London. 
He tells you about the 

1955
01:43:25,700 --> 01:43:28,400
construction. 
Boom, whole neighborhoods are 

1956
01:43:28,400 --> 01:43:30,000
being built to house the growing
population. 

1957
01:43:30,900 --> 01:43:35,200
His work is steady and pays 
decently he stops here most 

1958
01:43:35,200 --> 01:43:37,000
evening's before heading home to
his family. 

1959
01:43:38,000 --> 01:43:43,500
This is the pattern for millions
of men work Pub home. 

1960
01:43:44,600 --> 01:43:47,600
The pub, occupies, the middle 
space between labor and domestic

1961
01:43:47,600 --> 01:43:50,400
life. 
It provides relaxation and 

1962
01:43:50,400 --> 01:43:53,600
social connection. 
A place to be yourself among 

1963
01:43:53,600 --> 01:43:56,800
peers. 
The Victorian Pub has become 

1964
01:43:56,800 --> 01:43:59,000
woven into the fabric of daily 
life. 

1965
01:43:59,900 --> 01:44:03,700
As evening approaches the pup 
gets busier more workers arrive 

1966
01:44:03,700 --> 01:44:07,000
after their shifts end. 
The barman and his assistants 

1967
01:44:07,000 --> 01:44:09,300
move efficiently, pulling pints 
and taking money. 

1968
01:44:10,200 --> 01:44:13,500
The cash register rings. 
Constantly, this Pub is a 

1969
01:44:13,500 --> 01:44:16,500
successful business. 
Generating steady profits for 

1970
01:44:16,500 --> 01:44:18,500
its owner. 
You notice the pub is 

1971
01:44:18,500 --> 01:44:21,500
scrupulously, clean. 
The brass is polished. 

1972
01:44:21,500 --> 01:44:26,500
The glasses are washed properly.
The floors are swept Victorian 

1973
01:44:26,500 --> 01:44:29,200
Notions of hygiene and 
respectability of race. 

1974
01:44:29,200 --> 01:44:32,500
Standards considerably. 
A dirty Pub would lose customers

1975
01:44:32,500 --> 01:44:37,400
to clean a competitors, the gas 
lamps hiss and glow outside the 

1976
01:44:37,400 --> 01:44:41,300
street lamps of being lit by one
Darkness Falls over the city, 

1977
01:44:41,300 --> 01:44:45,900
but inside the pub warmth and 
like continue, this is a refuge 

1978
01:44:45,900 --> 01:44:50,200
from the cold industrial World 
outside a space of human comfort

1979
01:44:50,200 --> 01:44:53,400
and connection. 
You finish your beer and prepare

1980
01:44:53,400 --> 01:44:57,000
to leave, the pub will stay open
for a few more hours and Pub, 

1981
01:44:57,000 --> 01:44:59,500
then close. 
According to the Licensing Laws.

1982
01:45:00,900 --> 01:45:03,600
The barman will lock up and head
home tomorrow. 

1983
01:45:03,600 --> 01:45:07,700
The cycle will repeat day after 
day year after year. 

1984
01:45:07,700 --> 01:45:11,100
The Victorian Pub, is now an 
established institution that 

1985
01:45:11,100 --> 01:45:14,800
will endure for Generations. 
You walk into the Rose and Crown

1986
01:45:14,800 --> 01:45:17,200
on a quiet Tuesday, evening in 
the 21st century. 

1987
01:45:17,200 --> 01:45:21,300
This Pub has been here for over 
200 years, though it has been 

1988
01:45:21,308 --> 01:45:22,800
renovated. 
Many times. 

1989
01:45:22,800 --> 01:45:25,900
The building retains its 
Victorian exterior, but the 

1990
01:45:25,900 --> 01:45:28,600
inside has been updated for 
modern tastes and expectations. 

1991
01:45:28,600 --> 01:45:33,500
The pub is warm and well lit. 
Recessed, lighting has replaced 

1992
01:45:33,500 --> 01:45:36,900
the gas lamps, the old brass has
been cleaned, and preserved as 

1993
01:45:36,900 --> 01:45:38,900
decoration rather than 
necessity. 

1994
01:45:39,900 --> 01:45:43,100
The wooden bar still dominates 
the room, but now it is topped 

1995
01:45:43,100 --> 01:45:46,100
with beer taps, connected to 
kegs in the cellar by modern 

1996
01:45:46,100 --> 01:45:48,900
precious systems. 
He approached the bar and 

1997
01:45:48,900 --> 01:45:51,800
examine the drink options. 
There are 10 Taps, offering 

1998
01:45:51,800 --> 01:45:54,900
different beers, local craft, 
Brewers alongside traditional 

1999
01:45:54,900 --> 01:45:58,800
Bitters, and lagers The pub has 
adapted to the craft beer 

2000
01:45:58,800 --> 01:46:01,600
Revolution while maintaining its
classic offerings. 

2001
01:46:01,600 --> 01:46:04,800
The barman can tell you about 
each Beer's, flavor profile and 

2002
01:46:04,800 --> 01:46:07,800
alcohol content. 
You order a pint of locally 

2003
01:46:07,800 --> 01:46:11,200
Brody PA The the beer arrives in
a proper pint. 

2004
01:46:11,200 --> 01:46:14,800
Glass marked with the government
stamp showing it holds a full 

2005
01:46:14,800 --> 01:46:17,900
legal measure. 
The beer is cold and hoppy with 

2006
01:46:17,900 --> 01:46:21,600
Citrus notes, modern Brewing, 
has reached levels of quality 

2007
01:46:21,600 --> 01:46:24,900
and variety that would Astound 
any of your predecessors in 

2008
01:46:24,900 --> 01:46:27,100
earlier. 
Centuries, the price makes you 

2009
01:46:27,100 --> 01:46:31,400
pause, Beer is expensive now, 
relative to wages compared to 

2010
01:46:31,400 --> 01:46:34,600
earlier eras. 
But people drink less than they 

2011
01:46:34,600 --> 01:46:37,400
once did. 
The days of workers, spending 

2012
01:46:37,400 --> 01:46:39,700
half their wages on alcohol are 
long gone. 

2013
01:46:40,500 --> 01:46:42,900
Drinking is now just one Leisure
activity. 

2014
01:46:42,900 --> 01:46:46,600
Among many options, the pub is 
less crowded than it would have 

2015
01:46:46,600 --> 01:46:50,700
been in Victorian times, many 
traditional pubs of closed in 

2016
01:46:50,700 --> 01:46:55,100
recent decades competition from 
Supermarket alcohol sales as 

2017
01:46:55,100 --> 01:46:58,200
hurt, the trade home, 
entertainment options mean, 

2018
01:46:58,200 --> 01:47:01,500
people go out less often, the 
smoking ban changed the 

2019
01:47:01,500 --> 01:47:04,000
atmosphere For Better or Worse, 
depending on your view. 

2020
01:47:04,000 --> 01:47:06,800
But this Pub survived because it
is adapted. 

2021
01:47:07,600 --> 01:47:10,600
Food is now a major part of the 
business, the menu board, 

2022
01:47:10,600 --> 01:47:13,900
advertisers proper meals, not 
just snacks. 

2023
01:47:14,800 --> 01:47:18,400
Gastro pub culture is elevated. 
Pub food to new heights. 

2024
01:47:18,400 --> 01:47:22,000
You can order anything from fish
and chips to Thai. 

2025
01:47:22,000 --> 01:47:24,000
Curry. 
You settle into a corner with 

2026
01:47:24,000 --> 01:47:27,100
your beer. 
Furniture is a mix of old and 

2027
01:47:27,100 --> 01:47:29,900
new summer original. 
Wooden benches remain. 

2028
01:47:29,900 --> 01:47:34,300
But there are also a pulsed 
chairs and Booth seating Comfort

2029
01:47:34,300 --> 01:47:37,000
matters more than authenticity 
for most customers. 

2030
01:47:38,300 --> 01:47:41,200
Clientele is diverse in ways 
that would shock earlier 

2031
01:47:41,200 --> 01:47:45,500
Generations men and women drink 
together, as equals different 

2032
01:47:45,500 --> 01:47:50,100
ages and backgrounds mix freely.
Social class divisions are less 

2033
01:47:50,108 --> 01:47:52,700
rigid. 
The old separate spaces for 

2034
01:47:52,700 --> 01:47:54,200
different groups have been 
removed. 

2035
01:47:54,200 --> 01:47:59,100
Everyone shares the same room. 
A couple sits at the bar working

2036
01:47:59,100 --> 01:48:02,000
on laptop computers. 
Well nursing their drinks free 

2037
01:48:02,000 --> 01:48:06,100
Wi-Fi is now a standard amenity 
Pub has become a workspace for 

2038
01:48:06,100 --> 01:48:07,800
some people. 
This would have been 

2039
01:48:07,800 --> 01:48:12,800
unimaginable even 20 years ago. 
In the corner, a group of 

2040
01:48:12,800 --> 01:48:15,300
friends watches a football match
on a large flat screen 

2041
01:48:15,300 --> 01:48:18,100
television. 
Multiple screens around the pub 

2042
01:48:18,100 --> 01:48:20,800
show different sports. 
The pub has become an 

2043
01:48:20,800 --> 01:48:23,000
entertainment venue as well as a
drinking establishment. 

2044
01:48:24,400 --> 01:48:27,700
The sound is muted and subtitles
run across the bottom of the 

2045
01:48:27,700 --> 01:48:31,000
screen. 
You notice the pub is quieter 

2046
01:48:31,000 --> 01:48:32,600
than historical accounts would 
suggest. 

2047
01:48:33,900 --> 01:48:37,800
People talk in moderate voices. 
There is no rowdiness, the 

2048
01:48:37,800 --> 01:48:40,300
police. 
Take a dim view of disorder and 

2049
01:48:40,300 --> 01:48:42,800
the pub could lose its license 
for repeated problems. 

2050
01:48:43,700 --> 01:48:45,900
Modern regulations are strictly 
enforced. 

2051
01:48:46,800 --> 01:48:48,800
Behind the bar, the selection is
impressive. 

2052
01:48:48,800 --> 01:48:53,200
Dozens of spirits wine by the 
glass in multiple varieties, 

2053
01:48:53,200 --> 01:48:57,900
cocktails listed on a chalkboard
menu, soft drinks and coffee for

2054
01:48:57,900 --> 01:49:01,000
non-drinkers. 
The modern Pub caters to varied 

2055
01:49:01,000 --> 01:49:04,000
tastes in ways that earlier. 
Establishments, never attempted.

2056
01:49:04,800 --> 01:49:06,500
The barman is Young and 
friendly. 

2057
01:49:06,500 --> 01:49:10,500
He chats with regulars and 
welcomes newcomers customer, 

2058
01:49:10,500 --> 01:49:12,900
service skills matter. 
Now, a surly. 

2059
01:49:12,900 --> 01:49:15,900
Barman, would damage the 
business reviews on Internet 

2060
01:49:15,900 --> 01:49:18,600
site can make or break a pubs 
reputation. 

2061
01:49:18,600 --> 01:49:23,300
You order food and it arrives, 
beautifully presented, proper 

2062
01:49:23,300 --> 01:49:26,800
plating and garnish. 
The burger is made from locally 

2063
01:49:26,800 --> 01:49:30,100
sourced beef. 
The chips are hand cut quality 

2064
01:49:30,100 --> 01:49:33,900
as a selling point. 
The days of mystery meat, pies 

2065
01:49:33,900 --> 01:49:37,600
are over food, safety 
regulations, ensure standards 

2066
01:49:37,600 --> 01:49:41,600
are maintained as you eat. 
You reflect on how much is 

2067
01:49:41,600 --> 01:49:44,200
changed. 
The physical space is 

2068
01:49:44,200 --> 01:49:47,800
recognizable as a pub. 
The basic function of providing 

2069
01:49:47,800 --> 01:49:50,200
drinks and social space Remains 
the Same. 

2070
01:49:51,100 --> 01:49:55,300
But everything else is evolved. 
Smoking is banned in side. 

2071
01:49:55,300 --> 01:49:58,200
This would have been the norm 
for centuries, but was 

2072
01:49:58,200 --> 01:50:01,200
controversial when introduced in
2007. 

2073
01:50:01,200 --> 01:50:06,100
Now it is simply accepted. 
The air is cleaner and clothes 

2074
01:50:06,100 --> 01:50:10,400
no longer week of tobacco smoke 
after a pub visit Licensing 

2075
01:50:10,400 --> 01:50:13,000
hours are more flexible than in 
the 20th century. 

2076
01:50:13,000 --> 01:50:16,700
Different pubs can have 
different closing, times some 

2077
01:50:16,700 --> 01:50:20,100
stay open very late. 
The old rigid system of last 

2078
01:50:20,100 --> 01:50:22,300
orders and closing at 11 has 
been relaxed. 

2079
01:50:22,300 --> 01:50:25,800
This gives publicans more 
freedom but also more 

2080
01:50:25,800 --> 01:50:29,200
responsibility. 
You notice a sign advertising 

2081
01:50:29,200 --> 01:50:33,400
upcoming events, quiz night on 
Thursdays, live music on 

2082
01:50:33,400 --> 01:50:36,700
Saturdays. 
A book club meets monthly, the 

2083
01:50:36,700 --> 01:50:39,200
modern Pub has to work harder to
attract customers. 

2084
01:50:39,200 --> 01:50:42,000
Simply providing beer is not 
enough. 

2085
01:50:43,000 --> 01:50:46,100
Pubs compete with restaurants, 
Cinemas streaming services, and 

2086
01:50:46,100 --> 01:50:47,900
countless other entertainment 
options. 

2087
01:50:47,900 --> 01:50:51,100
The economics of running a pub 
of changed dramatically. 

2088
01:50:51,100 --> 01:50:54,400
Property values are high 
business rates. 

2089
01:50:54,400 --> 01:50:59,000
Are expensive, energy costs are 
significant staff must be paid. 

2090
01:50:59,000 --> 01:51:03,000
At least minimum wage. 
With profit margins are tighter 

2091
01:51:03,000 --> 01:51:06,100
than in previous eras. 
Many pubs, barely break. 

2092
01:51:06,100 --> 01:51:10,400
Even Yet this Pub survives 
because it has found its Niche. 

2093
01:51:10,400 --> 01:51:15,000
It serves good food offers 
quality drinks, creates a 

2094
01:51:15,000 --> 01:51:18,100
welcoming atmosphere, host 
community events. 

2095
01:51:18,100 --> 01:51:21,800
The Publican understands that 
success requires constant 

2096
01:51:21,800 --> 01:51:24,000
adaptation to changing customer 
expectations. 

2097
01:51:25,300 --> 01:51:27,200
You finish your meal and order 
another beer. 

2098
01:51:27,200 --> 01:51:30,800
This time you try a stout from a
local microbrewery. 

2099
01:51:31,500 --> 01:51:34,500
The craft beer movement has 
brought incredible variety to 

2100
01:51:34,500 --> 01:51:37,600
British Beer. 
Hundreds of small breweries, 

2101
01:51:37,600 --> 01:51:41,900
Now, operate across the country.
Traditional Styles coexist with 

2102
01:51:41,900 --> 01:51:46,500
experimental new approaches, the
Stout is Rich and smooth with 

2103
01:51:46,500 --> 01:51:50,500
notes of coffee and chocolate. 
The Brewing process is carefully

2104
01:51:50,500 --> 01:51:53,200
controlled using modern 
equipment and techniques. 

2105
01:51:53,900 --> 01:51:57,300
Yet the basic recipe would be 
recognizable to Brewers from 

2106
01:51:57,308 --> 01:52:01,200
centuries past. 
Tradition and Innovation existed

2107
01:52:01,200 --> 01:52:04,900
together as evening, progresses 
a few more people arrived. 

2108
01:52:05,700 --> 01:52:08,800
The pub is never packed like it 
would have been decades ago but 

2109
01:52:08,800 --> 01:52:10,900
it has a steady loyal customer 
base. 

2110
01:52:11,700 --> 01:52:13,900
These are the regulars who keep 
the place Fireball. 

2111
01:52:13,900 --> 01:52:17,800
They come for the atmosphere as 
much as the drinks you chat with

2112
01:52:17,800 --> 01:52:20,100
the person. 
Next to you about local concerns

2113
01:52:20,100 --> 01:52:25,400
Road, repairs Council decisions,
the weather, the same sort of 

2114
01:52:25,400 --> 01:52:28,200
conversation that has happened 
in pubs for 2000 years, 

2115
01:52:28,200 --> 01:52:32,500
technology changes, but humans 
remained fundamentally social 

2116
01:52:32,500 --> 01:52:37,300
creatures who enjoy Gathering 
and talking The pub cat wanders 

2117
01:52:37,300 --> 01:52:41,000
through seeking attention. 
Animals in pubs are less common 

2118
01:52:41,000 --> 01:52:45,000
now than in earlier times. 
But some establishments maintain

2119
01:52:45,000 --> 01:52:48,300
the tradition. 
The cat is well fed and clearly 

2120
01:52:48,300 --> 01:52:52,400
beloved by staff and regulars. 
It curls up near the fireplace 

2121
01:52:52,400 --> 01:52:55,800
and falls asleep. 
Fireplace itself is gas. 

2122
01:52:55,800 --> 01:53:00,100
Now, rather than wood burning a 
realistic flame flickers behind 

2123
01:53:00,100 --> 01:53:03,000
glass. 
It provides Ambience with out 

2124
01:53:03,000 --> 01:53:05,500
smoke or the need to tend at 
constantly. 

2125
01:53:06,400 --> 01:53:09,000
Tradition adapted, for modern 
convenience and safety 

2126
01:53:09,000 --> 01:53:12,200
regulations. 
You realize that this Pub is the

2127
01:53:12,200 --> 01:53:14,200
latest chapter in a very long 
story. 

2128
01:53:14,200 --> 01:53:18,100
Every year, has shaped drinking 
establishments according to its 

2129
01:53:18,100 --> 01:53:21,400
needs and values. 
The Romans, brought wine and 

2130
01:53:21,400 --> 01:53:24,200
organizational. 
The Anglo-Saxons created 

2131
01:53:24,200 --> 01:53:29,200
Community ale House's, medieval 
insert Travelers, the Tudors 

2132
01:53:29,200 --> 01:53:32,400
added regulation, victorians 
created, the classic Pub 

2133
01:53:32,400 --> 01:53:35,200
template. 
The modern era continues to 

2134
01:53:35,200 --> 01:53:38,500
evolve the tradition. 
What remains constant is the 

2135
01:53:38,500 --> 01:53:42,700
human need for gathering places.
Somewhere between home and work 

2136
01:53:42,700 --> 01:53:44,400
where people can relax and 
connect. 

2137
01:53:45,600 --> 01:53:47,800
Pubs fill this role through 
countless Generations. 

2138
01:53:47,800 --> 01:53:52,200
It adapts and survives because 
the fundamental need, it serves 

2139
01:53:52,200 --> 01:53:56,000
does not change. 
You finish your beer and settle 

2140
01:53:56,000 --> 01:53:58,800
your bill. 
The transaction is cashless. 

2141
01:53:58,800 --> 01:54:02,400
You tap your card on the reader 
and the payment is complete. 

2142
01:54:02,400 --> 01:54:06,000
No More Counting coins. 
Or handling dirty banknotes, 

2143
01:54:06,000 --> 01:54:10,600
just another small evolution in 
how pubs operate As you leave, 

2144
01:54:10,600 --> 01:54:13,300
you notice, the pub is preparing
to close soon. 

2145
01:54:13,300 --> 01:54:16,800
The barman begins cleaning 
glasses and wiping down surfaces

2146
01:54:16,800 --> 01:54:19,700
tomorrow. 
The cycle repeats, the doors 

2147
01:54:19,700 --> 01:54:22,300
will open. 
Customers will arrive, drinks 

2148
01:54:22,300 --> 01:54:24,700
will be poured, conversations 
will flow. 

2149
01:54:24,700 --> 01:54:28,400
Life will continue its ordinary 
extraordinary pattern. 

2150
01:54:29,600 --> 01:54:32,800
You step out into the night. 
The street is quiet. 

2151
01:54:33,800 --> 01:54:37,400
Street lamps cast or in pools of
light, on the pavement, cars are

2152
01:54:37,408 --> 01:54:40,400
parked along the curb, the 
modern world surround you. 

2153
01:54:41,100 --> 01:54:44,600
But behind you the pub remains a
linked to centuries of 

2154
01:54:44,600 --> 01:54:47,200
tradition. 
A gathering place that has 

2155
01:54:47,200 --> 01:54:48,900
served its purpose since Roman 
soldiers. 

2156
01:54:48,900 --> 01:54:51,600
First sought refreshment on, 
Britain's Dusty Rhodes. 

2157
01:54:52,500 --> 01:54:56,600
The story of UK pubs is not 
finished, new chapter will be 

2158
01:54:56,608 --> 01:55:00,700
written as a society continues 
to change but the essential role

2159
01:55:00,700 --> 01:55:02,900
of the pub is a community anchor
endures. 

2160
01:55:03,900 --> 01:55:07,100
So long as people need places to
gather and share a drink, the 

2161
01:55:07,100 --> 01:55:10,700
traditional in some form, you 
make your way home through the 

2162
01:55:10,700 --> 01:55:13,400
quiet streets, feeling 
satisfied, and pleasantly, 

2163
01:55:13,400 --> 01:55:15,900
tired. 
The journey through Pub history 

2164
01:55:15,900 --> 01:55:18,900
has shown you how much has 
changed and how much stays the 

2165
01:55:18,900 --> 01:55:23,000
same human nature remains 
constant, even as the details of

2166
01:55:23,008 --> 01:55:24,900
daily life. 
Transformed around it. 

2167
01:55:25,600 --> 01:55:28,700
Tonight, you have visited 2000 
years of British drinking 

2168
01:55:28,700 --> 01:55:31,500
culture. 
You have tasted Roman wine and 

2169
01:55:31,500 --> 01:55:35,800
Anglo-Saxon ale your sheltered 
in medieval ends and witnessed 

2170
01:55:35,800 --> 01:55:38,300
Tudor regulation. 
You have seen the horrors of the

2171
01:55:38,308 --> 01:55:41,000
Gin craze and the refinements of
Victorian Pub culture. 

2172
01:55:41,800 --> 01:55:44,800
You have ended up in a modern 
Locale that balances traditional

2173
01:55:44,800 --> 01:55:48,600
with contemporary expectations. 
Each era has left. 

2174
01:55:48,600 --> 01:55:51,800
Its Mark, each generation has 
adapted. 

2175
01:55:51,800 --> 01:55:54,000
These gathering places to serve 
their needs. 

2176
01:55:54,000 --> 01:55:58,500
The pub is proven remarkably 
resilient and flexible, it has 

2177
01:55:58,500 --> 01:56:01,200
survived plagues and wars and 
social upheavals. 

2178
01:56:01,900 --> 01:56:05,000
It continues because it meets 
fundamental human needs for 

2179
01:56:05,000 --> 01:56:09,100
community and comfort. 
As you prepare for sleep, you 

2180
01:56:09,100 --> 01:56:12,500
reflect on this long story. 
The pub is more than just a 

2181
01:56:12,500 --> 01:56:15,700
place to drink. 
It is a social institution that 

2182
01:56:15,700 --> 01:56:17,600
has shaped British life for 
millennia. 

2183
01:56:18,700 --> 01:56:20,500
Understanding its Evolution 
helps. 

2184
01:56:20,500 --> 01:56:23,600
You understand how Society 
itself has changed over the 

2185
01:56:23,600 --> 01:56:27,000
centuries? 
The ordinary Act of sharing a 

2186
01:56:27,000 --> 01:56:29,200
drink with others. 
Connects you to countless 

2187
01:56:29,200 --> 01:56:31,400
previous generations, who did 
the same thing. 

2188
01:56:32,400 --> 01:56:35,900
The settings and regulations 
have changed the drinks. 

2189
01:56:35,900 --> 01:56:38,900
Have evolved. 
The basic human experience 

2190
01:56:38,900 --> 01:56:41,100
remains. 
Recognizable across the ages. 

2191
01:56:42,000 --> 01:56:44,800
You close your eyes and let the 
history wash over you one more 

2192
01:56:44,808 --> 01:56:47,900
time. 
Roman soldiers relaxing after 

2193
01:56:47,900 --> 01:56:50,900
Patrol Anglo-Saxon Farmers 
Gathering. 

2194
01:56:50,900 --> 01:56:54,300
After harvest medieval 
Travelers, seeking shelter, from

2195
01:56:54,300 --> 01:56:57,200
the cold Tudor Merchants 
conducting business. 

2196
01:56:57,200 --> 01:57:01,700
Victorian workers finding Refuge
from hard labor, modern 

2197
01:57:01,700 --> 01:57:04,500
customers enjoying craft beer 
and good food. 

2198
01:57:04,500 --> 01:57:09,200
All of them are seeking the same
thing as warmth company. 

2199
01:57:09,200 --> 01:57:13,700
Refreshment a brief escape from 
the demands of daily life. 

2200
01:57:13,700 --> 01:57:17,800
The pub is provided. 
These things for 2000 years and 

2201
01:57:17,800 --> 01:57:19,500
were likely continue for many 
more. 

2202
01:57:20,400 --> 01:57:23,300
Sleep comes gently as you drift 
through centuries of Pub 

2203
01:57:23,300 --> 01:57:26,000
history. 
The story is complete for now. 

2204
01:57:26,000 --> 01:57:29,900
Tomorrow brings new chapters, 
but tonight you rest and knowing

2205
01:57:29,900 --> 01:57:33,000
you have traveled through time 
and witnessed the remarkable 

2206
01:57:33,000 --> 01:57:37,400
endurance of a very British 
Institute of The journey ends 

2207
01:57:37,400 --> 01:57:41,000
where it began in a place where 
people gathered to drink and 

2208
01:57:41,000 --> 01:57:43,000
talk and simply be human 
together. 

2209
01:57:43,000 --> 01:57:45,800
That simple. 
Purpose has carried pubs through

2210
01:57:45,800 --> 01:57:49,400
Empires and Revolution and 
countless changes that will 

2211
01:57:49,400 --> 01:57:52,600
carry them forward into whatever
future awaits good night. 

2212
01:58:00,500 --> 01:58:02,600
Welcome to a different kind of 
morning. 

2213
01:58:03,500 --> 01:58:07,200
The year is somewhere in the 
middle of the 19th century and 

2214
01:58:07,200 --> 01:58:09,900
you're waking in a town shaped 
by industry. 

2215
01:58:10,600 --> 01:58:14,300
This isn't the world of smoke 
stacks, filling the sky or harsh

2216
01:58:14,300 --> 01:58:17,500
headlines. 
This is the world of ordinary 

2217
01:58:17,500 --> 01:58:22,700
routine of steady work and of 
days that repeat until they 

2218
01:58:22,700 --> 01:58:26,800
become familiar. 
Let's walk through one of those 

2219
01:58:26,800 --> 01:58:32,600
days together. you wait before 
the sun shows itself fully The 

2220
01:58:32,600 --> 01:58:35,600
rumor around. 
You is dim the air coolant 

2221
01:58:35,600 --> 01:58:39,400
enough that you can see your 
breath for just a moment before 

2222
01:58:39,400 --> 01:58:42,800
it fades. 
There's no alarm clock on the 

2223
01:58:42,800 --> 01:58:45,000
wall. 
No buzzing phone on a 

2224
01:58:45,000 --> 01:58:48,100
nightstand. 
Instead you wait, because your 

2225
01:58:48,100 --> 01:58:51,300
body has learned the Rhythm. 
Six days a week. 

2226
01:58:51,308 --> 01:58:54,900
Sometimes seven you rise at the 
same hour. 

2227
01:58:55,900 --> 01:58:59,100
Your hands know what to do 
before your mind catches up. 

2228
01:58:59,100 --> 01:59:01,900
The floor is cold beneath your 
feet. 

2229
01:59:02,700 --> 01:59:07,300
Wood or stone one Smooth by 
years of use. 

2230
01:59:08,000 --> 01:59:11,000
You reach for clothes that hang 
on a peg near the bed. 

2231
01:59:11,000 --> 01:59:14,600
They're the same clothes. 
You wore yesterday and the day 

2232
01:59:14,600 --> 01:59:18,300
before that cotton or wool 
depending on the season. 

2233
01:59:19,400 --> 01:59:21,800
The fabric is sturdy and 
designed to last. 

2234
01:59:21,800 --> 01:59:25,800
You dress in layers because the 
day will start cold and grow 

2235
01:59:25,800 --> 01:59:29,400
warmer as the machines heat the 
air inside the factory. 

2236
01:59:30,300 --> 01:59:35,500
Around you others awaken too. 
If you share a room, you hear 

2237
01:59:35,500 --> 01:59:40,300
the rustle of movement, the 
quiet clearing of throats and 

2238
01:59:40,300 --> 01:59:43,800
the soft sounds of people 
preparing without speaking much.

2239
01:59:44,800 --> 01:59:48,800
Words aren't necessary this 
early, everyone knows what comes

2240
01:59:48,800 --> 01:59:52,400
next. 
You step into a hallway or down 

2241
01:59:52,400 --> 01:59:56,000
a narrow staircase. 
The building might be a boarding

2242
01:59:56,000 --> 01:59:59,900
house or a tenement or a small 
cottage shared with family. 

2243
02:00:01,000 --> 02:00:04,800
The walls are thin. 
You hear footsteps above and 

2244
02:00:04,800 --> 02:00:09,800
below the Creeks of floorboards 
and the distant sound of a door 

2245
02:00:09,808 --> 02:00:12,700
closing. 
The whole structure seems to 

2246
02:00:12,708 --> 02:00:17,800
wake in waves starting Before 
Dawn and continuing until the 

2247
02:00:17,800 --> 02:00:21,500
streets fill. 
Outside the town is already 

2248
02:00:21,500 --> 02:00:24,500
moving. 
You step onto a street made of 

2249
02:00:24,500 --> 02:00:29,300
cobblestone or packed dirt. 
The surface is uneven worn down 

2250
02:00:29,300 --> 02:00:31,700
by car wheels and countless 
footsteps. 

2251
02:00:31,700 --> 02:00:37,200
Yes, smells of cold smoke damp 
Stone and sometimes bread baking

2252
02:00:37,200 --> 02:00:42,600
and a shop that opens early. 
The sky is pale the kind of gray

2253
02:00:42,600 --> 02:00:47,100
that comes before true daylight.
Street lamps Flicker and dim as 

2254
02:00:47,100 --> 02:00:50,800
the morning grows brighter. 
Other workers move in the same 

2255
02:00:50,800 --> 02:00:56,400
direction you recognize faces 
without knowing names the same 

2256
02:00:56,400 --> 02:00:58,900
people walked the same Roots at 
the same time. 

2257
02:00:58,900 --> 02:01:02,600
There's a rhythm to it a 
collective understanding. 

2258
02:01:04,000 --> 02:01:08,000
Don't need to speak. 
You simply walk keeping Pace 

2259
02:01:08,000 --> 02:01:12,500
with those around you. some 
carry tin pails with lunch 

2260
02:01:12,500 --> 02:01:17,100
already packed Others, clutch, 
shawls or caps against the 

2261
02:01:17,100 --> 02:01:19,600
morning, chill. 
The sound of footsteps 

2262
02:01:19,600 --> 02:01:25,100
multiplies, numerous individuals
are making their way towards a 

2263
02:01:25,100 --> 02:01:29,200
select few buildings. 
The factories and workshops that

2264
02:01:29,200 --> 02:01:32,800
anchor, the town. 
You hear the hum of distant 

2265
02:01:32,800 --> 02:01:35,900
Machinery. 
Already running the first shift 

2266
02:01:35,900 --> 02:01:40,900
having started even early. 
By the time you arrive, the day 

2267
02:01:40,900 --> 02:01:42,900
has been going for hours in some
places. 

2268
02:01:42,900 --> 02:01:46,600
You pass rows of house is 
pressed close together. 

2269
02:01:46,600 --> 02:01:50,100
Narrow Windows. 
Some yards have small guards 

2270
02:01:50,100 --> 02:01:54,000
that are primarily used for 
practical purposes vegetables. 

2271
02:01:54,000 --> 02:01:58,100
If there's space clotheslines 
strung between building's. 

2272
02:01:58,100 --> 02:02:00,400
Everything is built for 
function. 

2273
02:02:00,400 --> 02:02:05,100
Nothing wasted the buildings, 
themselves are brick or stone 

2274
02:02:05,100 --> 02:02:09,500
black and in places by soot they
look the same as they did 

2275
02:02:09,500 --> 02:02:14,300
yesterday the day before and the
month before change happens 

2276
02:02:14,300 --> 02:02:17,700
slowly here. 
At the corner, a shot might be 

2277
02:02:17,700 --> 02:02:22,400
opening a baker, pulls back the 
shutters, and a Milkman places 

2278
02:02:22,400 --> 02:02:26,200
bottles on the Stoops. 
These are the small rhythms that

2279
02:02:26,200 --> 02:02:29,000
Mark the days beginning. 
You don't stop. 

2280
02:02:29,000 --> 02:02:33,100
There's no time. 
The factory bell will ring soon 

2281
02:02:33,100 --> 02:02:36,800
and being late means lost wages.
So you walk. 

2282
02:02:37,500 --> 02:02:40,300
Steady. 
And sure, part of a river of 

2283
02:02:40,300 --> 02:02:45,900
people flowing toward work. 
The factory building Rises 

2284
02:02:45,900 --> 02:02:51,500
ahead. the factory building 
Rises ahead, it's rows of tall 

2285
02:02:51,500 --> 02:02:56,300
Windows glowing with Lamplight 
from within The structure is 

2286
02:02:56,300 --> 02:02:58,500
larger than anything else 
nearby. 

2287
02:02:58,500 --> 02:03:03,800
The structure with its brick 
walls and multiple floors stands

2288
02:03:03,800 --> 02:03:08,300
as a testament to the power of 
repetition and production. smoke

2289
02:03:08,300 --> 02:03:12,300
rises from chimneys, on the 
roof, pale against the morning 

2290
02:03:12,300 --> 02:03:17,000
sky, not thick or choking, just 
a steady presence. 

2291
02:03:17,800 --> 02:03:21,800
A sign that the furnace is a lit
and the days work has begun. 

2292
02:03:22,700 --> 02:03:26,400
You join others at the entrance 
Wide Doors already. 

2293
02:03:26,400 --> 02:03:30,700
Open a supervisor might stand 
nearby watching the flow of 

2294
02:03:30,700 --> 02:03:33,500
workers. 
No one speaks to him unless 

2295
02:03:33,500 --> 02:03:37,100
necessary. 
You move inside through a 

2296
02:03:37,100 --> 02:03:41,500
corridor that smells of oil and 
metal and wool depending on 

2297
02:03:41,500 --> 02:03:45,500
what's made here. 
The floors are wood stained dark

2298
02:03:45,500 --> 02:03:49,400
and worn smooth. 
Your footsteps Echo briefly 

2299
02:03:49,400 --> 02:03:52,100
before being swallowed by the 
larger sounds inside. 

2300
02:03:53,000 --> 02:03:58,500
The main floor opens up. 
Rows of machines, long tables 

2301
02:03:58,500 --> 02:04:03,500
workstations arranged in lines, 
the ceiling is high supported by

2302
02:04:03,500 --> 02:04:07,400
Iron beams Windows. 
Let in natural light though. 

2303
02:04:07,400 --> 02:04:10,000
It's still early enough that 
lamps burn in the corners. 

2304
02:04:10,700 --> 02:04:15,000
The space is already warm 
machines, running generate heat.

2305
02:04:15,000 --> 02:04:18,600
So do the body's of workers move
through their tasks. 

2306
02:04:18,600 --> 02:04:22,800
You find your station. 
You find yourself standing in 

2307
02:04:22,800 --> 02:04:24,300
the same spot as you did. 
Yes. 

2308
02:04:24,300 --> 02:04:28,000
Today the same tools and the 
same materials are waiting. 

2309
02:04:28,000 --> 02:04:32,500
You don't need instruction, 
you've done this enough times 

2310
02:04:32,500 --> 02:04:37,100
that your hands move without 
thinking you tie on an apron. 

2311
02:04:37,100 --> 02:04:40,700
And if the work requires it, you
check that everything is in 

2312
02:04:40,700 --> 02:04:44,000
order. 
Next, you patiently await the 

2313
02:04:44,000 --> 02:04:45,900
signal to start working in 
earnest. 

2314
02:04:47,000 --> 02:04:49,300
Around you others. 
Do the same. 

2315
02:04:50,200 --> 02:04:55,800
Settling into place preparing. 
There's a kind of quiet before 

2316
02:04:55,800 --> 02:04:57,700
the full noise of the day 
starts. 

2317
02:04:58,400 --> 02:05:00,800
There is a moment of 
anticipation that is neither 

2318
02:05:00,800 --> 02:05:04,400
tense or unfamiliar. 
This is what mornings look like 

2319
02:05:04,400 --> 02:05:07,800
here. 
Present is how days begin. 

2320
02:05:09,000 --> 02:05:13,700
The Bell Rings sharp and clear, 
and the work starts in full. 

2321
02:05:14,800 --> 02:05:18,700
The machine set, the pace. 
If you work near a loom, the 

2322
02:05:18,700 --> 02:05:22,300
rhythm is constant. 
The shuttle is moving back and 

2323
02:05:22,300 --> 02:05:25,800
forth. 
The Clack of the frame, the hum 

2324
02:05:25,800 --> 02:05:29,500
of thread being pulled tight, if
you work at spinning station, 

2325
02:05:29,500 --> 02:05:33,900
it's the steady word of Wheels. 
The slight vibration under your 

2326
02:05:33,900 --> 02:05:36,100
hands as fiber turns into 
thread. 

2327
02:05:36,900 --> 02:05:40,300
If you're in a Foundry or 
Workshop, it might be the sound 

2328
02:05:40,300 --> 02:05:44,400
of hammers files or the steady 
turning of lathes. 

2329
02:05:45,100 --> 02:05:48,600
Each space has its heartbeat and
you learn to match it. 

2330
02:05:49,500 --> 02:05:54,100
Your task is simple in concept. 
Take material performance, 

2331
02:05:54,100 --> 02:05:55,800
action. 
Pass it Forward. 

2332
02:05:55,800 --> 02:05:59,600
Repeat. 
The Simplicity is what makes it 

2333
02:05:59,600 --> 02:06:02,900
possible to do for hours. 
You don't need to think through 

2334
02:06:02,900 --> 02:06:06,900
each step, your hands know your 
body remembers. 

2335
02:06:07,800 --> 02:06:12,200
The work becomes automatic a 
kind of motion that continues 

2336
02:06:12,200 --> 02:06:15,900
while your mind drifts or 
settles into a kind of quiet, 

2337
02:06:15,900 --> 02:06:19,800
Focus. 
The factory floor is full but 

2338
02:06:19,800 --> 02:06:22,800
you're not crowded. 
Each person has their own 

2339
02:06:22,800 --> 02:06:27,800
station and small territory. 
You stand or sit depending on 

2340
02:06:27,808 --> 02:06:31,100
the task? 
Some jobs, require you to move 

2341
02:06:31,100 --> 02:06:34,900
back and forth fetching 
materials, or carrying finished 

2342
02:06:34,900 --> 02:06:39,200
pieces to the next stage. 
Others, keep you in one place. 

2343
02:06:40,100 --> 02:06:42,400
Anchored by the machine you 
operate. 

2344
02:06:42,400 --> 02:06:46,800
Either way, the hours ahead, 
stretch, long, and steadily, the

2345
02:06:46,800 --> 02:06:50,700
noise level is high, but 
consistent not sudden or 

2346
02:06:50,700 --> 02:06:53,900
jarring. 
Just a constant layer of sound 

2347
02:06:53,900 --> 02:06:55,900
that you stop noticing after a 
while. 

2348
02:06:56,800 --> 02:07:00,200
Conversations are difficult. 
Most people don't try. 

2349
02:07:00,200 --> 02:07:04,500
If something needs to be said, 
it's done with gestures or a 

2350
02:07:04,500 --> 02:07:06,400
quick. 
Shout close to someone's ear. 

2351
02:07:07,300 --> 02:07:10,100
Mostly though, the works speaks 
for itself. 

2352
02:07:10,100 --> 02:07:13,500
You see what needs doing you do 
it? 

2353
02:07:14,600 --> 02:07:19,200
The person next to you does the 
same, the air inside is warm and

2354
02:07:19,200 --> 02:07:23,800
grows warmer as the day goes on.
During the summer, it can become

2355
02:07:23,800 --> 02:07:27,700
stifling in winter. 
It's almost welcome. 

2356
02:07:28,200 --> 02:07:32,500
The machines generate Heat. 
So do the body's packed into the

2357
02:07:32,500 --> 02:07:35,800
space. 
Dust hangs in the air sometimes 

2358
02:07:35,800 --> 02:07:39,900
visible in the beams of a light 
coming through the windows 

2359
02:07:39,900 --> 02:07:46,200
cotton fibers. 
Metal shavings sawdust depending

2360
02:07:46,200 --> 02:07:49,100
on the industry. 
You breathe it in without 

2361
02:07:49,100 --> 02:07:53,400
thinking everyone does. 
Time moves differently here. 

2362
02:07:54,200 --> 02:07:57,400
Without a clock in Easy View, 
you measure the day. 

2363
02:07:57,400 --> 02:08:00,800
By other markers, the sunlight 
streams Through the Windows. 

2364
02:08:00,800 --> 02:08:04,400
The soreness building in your 
hands or feet. 

2365
02:08:05,300 --> 02:08:08,800
As the hours passed the growl of
hunger intensifies in your 

2366
02:08:08,800 --> 02:08:12,300
stomach. 
First, how are feels long. 

2367
02:08:12,300 --> 02:08:18,400
The second is shorter. by the 
third or fourth, you've settled 

2368
02:08:18,400 --> 02:08:22,800
into a rhythm that makes time 
blur Mistakes happen. 

2369
02:08:22,800 --> 02:08:26,700
But they usually small. 
Threat breaks. 

2370
02:08:27,500 --> 02:08:31,200
Piece doesn't fit quite right. 
You fix it and move on. 

2371
02:08:31,200 --> 02:08:35,700
There's no time to dwell. 
The pace doesn't allow for it. 

2372
02:08:35,700 --> 02:08:40,100
If something goes seriously 
wrong, a maschine jams or a tool

2373
02:08:40,100 --> 02:08:44,300
breaks use signal for help. 
A supervisor or a more 

2374
02:08:44,300 --> 02:08:47,100
experienced worker comes over. 
They assess. 

2375
02:08:47,100 --> 02:08:51,000
They fix work resumed as your 
body adapts. 

2376
02:08:52,000 --> 02:08:56,200
At first standing or repetitive 
motion, feels difficult your 

2377
02:08:56,200 --> 02:08:59,500
back. 
Aches, your fingers, cram your 

2378
02:08:59,500 --> 02:09:05,300
feet throb, But after days and 
weeks the discomfort becomes 

2379
02:09:05,300 --> 02:09:10,800
familiar not gone, but expected.
You learn to shift your weight 

2380
02:09:10,800 --> 02:09:15,400
to flex your hands during brief 
pauses, and to hold yourself in 

2381
02:09:15,400 --> 02:09:18,600
ways that make the work 
bearable, the work itself, 

2382
02:09:18,600 --> 02:09:20,800
varies slightly depending on 
where you are. 

2383
02:09:20,800 --> 02:09:24,100
In a textile mill. 
You might be peace in together. 

2384
02:09:24,100 --> 02:09:28,000
Broken threads watching for 
snags and keeping the flows 

2385
02:09:28,000 --> 02:09:31,200
steady. 
You may be shaping clay, cutting

2386
02:09:31,200 --> 02:09:34,300
edges or applying glaze in a 
pottery Workshop. 

2387
02:09:35,300 --> 02:09:39,700
You could be operating a press 
filing sharp edges or assembling

2388
02:09:39,700 --> 02:09:43,900
parts in a metal works. 
The specific differ, but the 

2389
02:09:43,908 --> 02:09:49,600
underlying pattern is the same 
repetition consistency output. 

2390
02:09:50,600 --> 02:09:54,100
There's a kind of satisfaction 
in it small, but real. 

2391
02:09:55,000 --> 02:09:57,700
At the end of an hour, you can 
see what you've accomplished. 

2392
02:09:57,700 --> 02:10:03,500
You can see a stack of completed
pieces, a length of fabric, a 

2393
02:10:03,500 --> 02:10:06,400
row of assembled Parts. 
It's tangible. 

2394
02:10:06,400 --> 02:10:09,700
You contributed to something 
larger than yourself. 

2395
02:10:11,200 --> 02:10:14,800
The feeling isn't Grand or 
celebrated, but its there. 

2396
02:10:15,600 --> 02:10:18,900
Your contribution to the days 
production is quietly 

2397
02:10:18,900 --> 02:10:21,900
acknowledged. 
You noticed the people around 

2398
02:10:21,900 --> 02:10:25,600
you, in peripheral ways, the 
woman at the next station, 

2399
02:10:25,600 --> 02:10:30,500
consistently hums, softly, her 
voice to quiet to be heard over 

2400
02:10:30,500 --> 02:10:35,900
the noise of the machines yet. 
Her lips move clearly The young 

2401
02:10:35,900 --> 02:10:40,400
man across the way moves with 
quick nervous energy, always a 

2402
02:10:40,400 --> 02:10:44,200
bit ahead of the pace. 
The older worker two rows down 

2403
02:10:44,200 --> 02:10:47,500
moves at a slower Pace but never
commit any mistake. 

2404
02:10:48,600 --> 02:10:51,400
You don't know their names 
necessarily but you know their 

2405
02:10:51,400 --> 02:10:54,700
presents their part of the 
landscape of your day. 

2406
02:10:54,700 --> 02:11:00,300
Lunch will come eventually, but 
its hours away still Until then,

2407
02:11:00,300 --> 02:11:06,100
the work continues your hands, 
move the machines, whom the 

2408
02:11:06,100 --> 02:11:10,200
light shifts, as the sun climbs 
higher, the factory floor 

2409
02:11:10,200 --> 02:11:12,700
transforms into an isolated 
Realm. 

2410
02:11:13,400 --> 02:11:18,300
Shielded from the outside world.
What happens Beyond these walls,

2411
02:11:18,300 --> 02:11:22,800
doesn't matter right now. 
What matters is the task in 

2412
02:11:22,800 --> 02:11:25,500
front of you? 
The Rhythm you've found. 

2413
02:11:26,500 --> 02:11:30,000
And the knowledge that the day 
will continue this way until the

2414
02:11:30,000 --> 02:11:34,300
Bell Rings again. 
The work might feel solitary in 

2415
02:11:34,300 --> 02:11:37,600
its repetition, but you'll never
truly alone. 

2416
02:11:38,600 --> 02:11:41,900
The person at the station beside
you is part of a larger Network,

2417
02:11:41,900 --> 02:11:46,700
you don't need to speak to feel 
their presence, their movements 

2418
02:11:46,700 --> 02:11:49,600
inform yours if they fall 
behind. 

2419
02:11:49,600 --> 02:11:55,200
You notice if they speed up you 
adjust the work flows through 

2420
02:11:55,200 --> 02:11:58,400
the room like a current and 
everyone is part of it. 

2421
02:11:59,400 --> 02:12:01,300
Sometimes a machine needs 
adjustment. 

2422
02:12:02,200 --> 02:12:06,800
Someone signals. 
Another worker steps over often 

2423
02:12:06,800 --> 02:12:09,800
without being asked. 
They've seen the same problem 

2424
02:12:09,800 --> 02:12:14,100
before they know how to fix it. 
A Believer, pulled a belt, 

2425
02:12:14,100 --> 02:12:19,600
tightened a tray cleared. 
The task is done in moments and 

2426
02:12:19,600 --> 02:12:24,600
both returned to their places. 
No thanks were exchanged none 

2427
02:12:24,600 --> 02:12:28,100
needed. 
This is simply what happens in 

2428
02:12:28,100 --> 02:12:30,300
spaces where materials need to 
be moved. 

2429
02:12:30,300 --> 02:12:35,000
There's a kind of choreography. 
One person finishes their part 

2430
02:12:35,000 --> 02:12:39,500
and passes the piece along 
another takes, it adds their 

2431
02:12:39,500 --> 02:12:43,800
step and passes it forward. 
The chain rarely breaks. 

2432
02:12:44,500 --> 02:12:47,900
If someone stumbles or drops 
something hands, reach out to 

2433
02:12:47,900 --> 02:12:50,300
steady the flow. 
There's no lecture. 

2434
02:12:50,300 --> 02:12:52,800
No blame. 
Just a quiet. 

2435
02:12:52,800 --> 02:12:58,600
Correction and the work resumes.
Meal breaks reveal the community

2436
02:12:58,600 --> 02:13:02,100
more openly. 
When the bell rings, the 

2437
02:13:02,100 --> 02:13:03,500
machines. 
Fall silent. 

2438
02:13:04,300 --> 02:13:07,200
The sudden absent of noise feels
almost heavy. 

2439
02:13:08,100 --> 02:13:12,300
Workers straighten stretch and 
move toward the edge of the room

2440
02:13:12,300 --> 02:13:16,300
or out into courtyards. 
Some sit right where they are to

2441
02:13:16,300 --> 02:13:21,400
warn out to go far others Gather
in small clusters familiar 

2442
02:13:21,400 --> 02:13:23,200
groups who sit together every 
day. 

2443
02:13:24,300 --> 02:13:27,800
You find your spot, maybe it's a
bench near a window. 

2444
02:13:27,800 --> 02:13:33,000
Maybe it's a patch of wall where
you can lean you unwrap whatever

2445
02:13:33,000 --> 02:13:35,100
you brought. 
Bread. 

2446
02:13:35,100 --> 02:13:36,500
Usually. 
Cheese. 

2447
02:13:36,500 --> 02:13:39,800
If you're fortunate an apple or 
a bit of cold potato. 

2448
02:13:39,800 --> 02:13:43,400
The food is simple. 
And often the same day after 

2449
02:13:43,400 --> 02:13:49,000
day, Variety is rare, but its 
Fuel and that's what matters. 

2450
02:13:49,800 --> 02:13:53,700
You eat slowly savoring, the 
break more than the meal itself.

2451
02:13:54,700 --> 02:13:59,700
Around you quiet conversations 
happen, not loud or animated. 

2452
02:14:00,500 --> 02:14:04,200
There is only the soft murmur of
people discussing minor matters.

2453
02:14:04,200 --> 02:14:08,800
Someone mentioned the weather 
and other talks about a child at

2454
02:14:08,800 --> 02:14:11,700
home. 
A third complaints mildly about 

2455
02:14:11,700 --> 02:14:16,200
a sore shoulder. 
The talk is easy unforced, no 

2456
02:14:16,200 --> 02:14:19,700
one expects. 
Deep discussion, This is an 

2457
02:14:19,700 --> 02:14:22,700
opportunity to relax and allow 
your thoughts to wander. 

2458
02:14:23,700 --> 02:14:25,300
Some workers. 
Don't talk at all. 

2459
02:14:25,300 --> 02:14:29,800
They sit in silence chewing 
slowly staring at nothing in 

2460
02:14:29,800 --> 02:14:33,100
particular. 
That's acceptable, too. 

2461
02:14:33,100 --> 02:14:36,600
No one pressures anyone to 
perform sociability. 

2462
02:14:37,800 --> 02:14:40,900
Shared understanding in his 
enough, you're all here. 

2463
02:14:40,900 --> 02:14:43,500
You all know what the work 
demands. 

2464
02:14:44,800 --> 02:14:48,900
That common experience creates a
bond that doesn't need words. 

2465
02:14:50,000 --> 02:14:53,700
Children sometimes appear during
breaks if the factory allows it.

2466
02:14:54,500 --> 02:14:57,900
Older siblings, often monitor 
their younger siblings who are 

2467
02:14:57,900 --> 02:15:02,500
employed in different sections. 
A parent May briefly step out to

2468
02:15:02,500 --> 02:15:04,700
check on a child who works 
nearby. 

2469
02:15:05,700 --> 02:15:11,000
These moments are brief, a few 
words, were exchanged a piece of

2470
02:15:11,000 --> 02:15:14,800
bread was shared, then they 
returned to their individual 

2471
02:15:14,800 --> 02:15:18,400
tasks. 
Family connections thread 

2472
02:15:18,400 --> 02:15:21,400
through the work day but they 
don't dominate it. 

2473
02:15:22,200 --> 02:15:26,000
Work comes first. 
After the break, the return to 

2474
02:15:26,000 --> 02:15:30,300
the machines is almost a relief.
The noise resume the motion 

2475
02:15:30,300 --> 02:15:33,200
starts again your hands. 
Remember what to do? 

2476
02:15:34,700 --> 02:15:37,700
The mental rest, you got during 
the meal, helps you settle back 

2477
02:15:37,700 --> 02:15:40,400
in. 
The afternoon stretches ahead, 

2478
02:15:40,400 --> 02:15:45,300
but it feels more manageable. 
Now, you've had a pause unique, 

2479
02:15:45,300 --> 02:15:50,400
and you can continue as the 
hours pass you become more aware

2480
02:15:50,400 --> 02:15:54,100
of the collective effort. 
The factory produces goods 

2481
02:15:54,100 --> 02:15:57,400
because hundreds of people, 
perform hundreds of small tasks 

2482
02:15:57,400 --> 02:16:01,900
in coordination. 
Your contribution is one thread 

2483
02:16:01,900 --> 02:16:05,300
in a much larger weave. 
That knowledge can feel 

2484
02:16:05,300 --> 02:16:09,600
diminishing, but it can also 
feel grounding. your part of 

2485
02:16:09,608 --> 02:16:13,000
something that functions because
everyone shows up and does their

2486
02:16:13,000 --> 02:16:17,100
part Sometimes they're singing 
not loud or formal. 

2487
02:16:17,100 --> 02:16:20,400
Just a Melody that starts 
somewhere in the room and gets 

2488
02:16:20,400 --> 02:16:25,600
picked up by others work songs, 
simple and repetitive matching, 

2489
02:16:25,600 --> 02:16:29,700
the rhythm of the machines. 
The lyrics are often about Labor

2490
02:16:29,700 --> 02:16:33,900
about passing time and about 
enduring, the singing isn't 

2491
02:16:33,900 --> 02:16:37,000
meant to entertain. 
It's meant to help the hours 

2492
02:16:37,000 --> 02:16:39,400
pass. 
It gives the voice something to 

2493
02:16:39,400 --> 02:16:44,299
do while the hands stay busy. 
When someone new arrives, a 

2494
02:16:44,299 --> 02:16:48,500
young worker just starting the 
community, absorbs them quietly.

2495
02:16:49,400 --> 02:16:53,400
and experienced worker guides 
them through the process, not 

2496
02:16:53,400 --> 02:16:57,700
with formal instruction, but 
like demonstrating slow 

2497
02:16:57,700 --> 02:17:01,500
movements at first, then fast as
the newcomer alerts. 

2498
02:17:02,200 --> 02:17:06,799
Mistakes are expected patients 
is given within limits. 

2499
02:17:06,799 --> 02:17:11,200
Everyone remembers being new 
ones, everyone knows the 

2500
02:17:11,200 --> 02:17:15,700
learning curve accidents when 
they happen bring the community 

2501
02:17:15,700 --> 02:17:20,600
into sharp of focus a minor 
injury a cut or a burn. 

2502
02:17:21,299 --> 02:17:25,400
Work pauses nearby. 
Someone fetches water or a clean

2503
02:17:25,407 --> 02:17:28,200
rag. 
The injured worker has helped to

2504
02:17:28,200 --> 02:17:31,000
sit. 
If it's serious enough, they're 

2505
02:17:31,000 --> 02:17:33,400
sent home or to a doctor. 
If one is accessible. 

2506
02:17:34,299 --> 02:17:37,500
The work resumes, but the 
incident lingers in the air. 

2507
02:17:38,299 --> 02:17:40,500
A reminder that the machines 
don't care. 

2508
02:17:40,500 --> 02:17:43,200
That only the people around you 
do. 

2509
02:17:43,900 --> 02:17:47,799
The end of the shift approaches 
the light through the windows 

2510
02:17:47,799 --> 02:17:51,200
changes the fatigue in your body
deepens. 

2511
02:17:51,200 --> 02:17:55,299
But so does the anticipation 
Almost done. 

2512
02:17:55,299 --> 02:18:00,299
Almost time to leave. the final 
hour is often the hardest but 

2513
02:18:00,299 --> 02:18:04,200
all the shortest your mind is 
already moving toward. 

2514
02:18:04,200 --> 02:18:08,500
What comes next? 
The walk home the evening, the 

2515
02:18:08,500 --> 02:18:13,100
chance to rest, When the bell 
finally Rings the collective 

2516
02:18:13,100 --> 02:18:15,900
exhale is almost audible 
machines. 

2517
02:18:15,900 --> 02:18:20,400
Wine Down tools are set aside 
workers straighten and shake out

2518
02:18:20,400 --> 02:18:22,600
tired, Limbs and head towards 
the exits. 

2519
02:18:23,600 --> 02:18:28,100
The flow, reverses. 
Instead of pouring in everyone, 

2520
02:18:28,100 --> 02:18:31,500
pause out. 
Back onto the Streets back 

2521
02:18:31,500 --> 02:18:33,700
toward home's and the next part 
of the day. 

2522
02:18:34,500 --> 02:18:39,200
Rest during the work day isn't 
abundant, but it exists in small

2523
02:18:39,200 --> 02:18:42,700
measured doses. 
The body learns to take 

2524
02:18:42,700 --> 02:18:48,000
advantage of every opportunity. 
A machine pauses for adjustment 

2525
02:18:48,000 --> 02:18:51,900
you lean against a post for 30 
seconds, letting your legs 

2526
02:18:51,900 --> 02:18:56,100
relax. 
Supervisor steps away, you flex 

2527
02:18:56,100 --> 02:19:00,000
your fingers, shake out your 
wrists and roll your shoulders. 

2528
02:19:01,000 --> 02:19:03,000
These moments are brief but 
they're necessary. 

2529
02:19:03,000 --> 02:19:05,500
They're what allow you to 
continue? 

2530
02:19:06,400 --> 02:19:10,000
Some factories, allow a 
mid-morning pools, five minutes,

2531
02:19:10,000 --> 02:19:13,500
maybe 10. 
Not a formal break. 

2532
02:19:13,500 --> 02:19:16,600
Just an unspoken understanding 
that workers. 

2533
02:19:16,600 --> 02:19:20,000
Need to breathe. 
You might step out side. 

2534
02:19:20,000 --> 02:19:24,400
If the weather is tolerable, the
fresh air even tinged with cold 

2535
02:19:24,400 --> 02:19:27,000
smoke feels cleaner than the air
inside. 

2536
02:19:27,900 --> 02:19:30,799
You take a few deep breaths. 
You look at the sky. 

2537
02:19:31,799 --> 02:19:35,600
Then you return the lunch break 
longer than other. 

2538
02:19:35,600 --> 02:19:40,200
Pauses becomes kind of anchor. 
You know, it's coming you count 

2539
02:19:40,200 --> 02:19:45,600
toward it in your mind, not 
obsessively but as a marker half

2540
02:19:45,600 --> 02:19:49,200
the day. 
Once lunches done, the afternoon

2541
02:19:49,200 --> 02:19:53,800
is what Remains the brake itself
might only be 30 minutes but it 

2542
02:19:53,800 --> 02:19:57,200
feels longer because you get to 
sit to be still. 

2543
02:19:58,200 --> 02:20:01,700
To let your body stop moving in 
prescribed patterns. 

2544
02:20:02,800 --> 02:20:06,600
Water is available in buckets or
Barrels near the work areas. 

2545
02:20:07,400 --> 02:20:09,400
You drink often, if the work is 
hot. 

2546
02:20:10,200 --> 02:20:13,200
The water isn't cold or 
particularly clean, but it's 

2547
02:20:13,200 --> 02:20:16,100
wet. 
It eases the dryness in your 

2548
02:20:16,100 --> 02:20:18,500
throat. 
Some workers, bring their own 

2549
02:20:18,500 --> 02:20:21,200
flasks or bottles Filled from a 
well at home. 

2550
02:20:21,200 --> 02:20:24,100
The taste of your own water is 
always better. 

2551
02:20:24,100 --> 02:20:30,300
Familiar, bathrooms are basic 
outhouses in yards, or privies 

2552
02:20:30,300 --> 02:20:33,300
in corners of large buildings. 
They're not pleasant. 

2553
02:20:33,300 --> 02:20:36,400
They smell. 
They're often crowded during 

2554
02:20:36,400 --> 02:20:38,800
breaks, but they serve their 
function. 

2555
02:20:39,900 --> 02:20:43,100
You go, when you need to quickly
and return to work. 

2556
02:20:44,000 --> 02:20:47,300
Privacy is minimal. 
You learn not to expect it. 

2557
02:20:48,400 --> 02:20:51,800
As the afternoon wears on your 
body starts negotiating with 

2558
02:20:51,800 --> 02:20:57,000
itself, your back asks, for rest
your feet insist. 

2559
02:20:57,000 --> 02:21:01,500
They've had enough, your hands 
want to stop gripping tools but 

2560
02:21:01,500 --> 02:21:03,700
there's no option to Simply 
quit. 

2561
02:21:04,700 --> 02:21:06,900
So you find smaller 
accommodations. 

2562
02:21:06,900 --> 02:21:10,100
You shift your weight from one 
foot to the other more 

2563
02:21:10,100 --> 02:21:15,300
frequently you adjust your grip.
You let your mind wander to take

2564
02:21:15,300 --> 02:21:19,900
attention away from discomfort. 
Some workers develop techniques 

2565
02:21:19,900 --> 02:21:25,200
for enduring they count. 
They whom they focus on a spot 

2566
02:21:25,200 --> 02:21:27,800
on the wall and let everything 
else blur. 

2567
02:21:27,800 --> 02:21:31,500
They imagine being somewhere 
else briefly before pulling back

2568
02:21:31,500 --> 02:21:34,700
to the present. 
These mental tricks aren't 

2569
02:21:34,700 --> 02:21:37,900
taught their discovered 
individually and practice 

2570
02:21:37,900 --> 02:21:40,800
quietly. 
They're part of how you survived

2571
02:21:40,800 --> 02:21:44,000
the length of the day. 
The end of the shift, brings the

2572
02:21:44,000 --> 02:21:48,600
longest rest when you leave the 
factory, the transition from 

2573
02:21:48,600 --> 02:21:53,500
work to not work is immediate 
One moment, your hands are busy 

2574
02:21:53,500 --> 02:21:59,700
the next, their free, the relief
is physical, your body knows its

2575
02:21:59,700 --> 02:22:02,400
done. 
The walk home becomes its own 

2576
02:22:02,400 --> 02:22:06,200
kind of rest. 
Your legs are tired, but the 

2577
02:22:06,200 --> 02:22:11,200
movement is different. 
Voluntary unhurried you can stop

2578
02:22:11,200 --> 02:22:14,600
if you want. 
Look at something, adjust your 

2579
02:22:14,600 --> 02:22:17,700
pace. 
Evening as when rest becomes 

2580
02:22:17,700 --> 02:22:21,900
more intentional, you reach your
lodging or home you set down, 

2581
02:22:21,900 --> 02:22:25,800
whatever you carried. 
First thing you do is remove 

2582
02:22:25,800 --> 02:22:29,300
your work clothes, they're stiff
with sweat and dust. 

2583
02:22:30,100 --> 02:22:33,000
You hang them or drop them in a 
corner to deal with later. 

2584
02:22:33,000 --> 02:22:37,700
If there's water available, you 
wash face and hands at minimum, 

2585
02:22:37,700 --> 02:22:41,400
the feel of cool water on skin 
is a small luxury. 

2586
02:22:42,200 --> 02:22:46,500
Sitting down after a day of 
standing feels profound your 

2587
02:22:46,500 --> 02:22:48,800
body sinks into the chair or 
bench. 

2588
02:22:48,800 --> 02:22:52,500
Your spine straightened slightly
as the weight comes off your 

2589
02:22:52,500 --> 02:22:55,000
legs. 
You might close your eyes for a 

2590
02:22:55,000 --> 02:22:58,800
moment, not sleeping, just 
resting them. 

2591
02:22:59,700 --> 02:23:03,500
The relief is immediate and deep
food, preparation. 

2592
02:23:03,500 --> 02:23:07,300
If you're a responsible for, it 
requires effort, you don't quite

2593
02:23:07,300 --> 02:23:12,900
have A hunger motivates you you 
put together something simple 

2594
02:23:12,900 --> 02:23:17,900
porridge bread and butter. 
Soup, if there's time. 

2595
02:23:18,900 --> 02:23:22,000
The act of eating while sitting 
while not being monitored or 

2596
02:23:22,000 --> 02:23:25,800
rushed is restful in itself, you
choose slowly. 

2597
02:23:25,800 --> 02:23:29,600
You let the food settle. 
You don't think about the next 

2598
02:23:29,600 --> 02:23:33,000
day yet. 
After eating the evening 

2599
02:23:33,000 --> 02:23:37,400
stretches out in some summer it 
still light for a while. 

2600
02:23:38,200 --> 02:23:43,400
In Winter, darkness comes early.
Either way, there's a pocket of 

2601
02:23:43,408 --> 02:23:47,100
time that belongs to you. 
Some people read if they're 

2602
02:23:47,108 --> 02:23:51,400
literate, and if there's enough 
light. others men clothes or do 

2603
02:23:51,400 --> 02:23:56,200
small tasks, that have been 
waiting, some simply sit The 

2604
02:23:56,200 --> 02:23:59,100
lack of obligation. 
Even for an hour or two is a 

2605
02:23:59,108 --> 02:24:01,200
kind of rest. 
That's different from sleep. 

2606
02:24:02,000 --> 02:24:07,200
Conversations if they happen are
low and easy talk about the day,

2607
02:24:07,200 --> 02:24:12,400
but not in detail. complaint to 
brief, observations are shared 

2608
02:24:12,400 --> 02:24:17,400
plans for the next day, if there
are any a mentioned But mostly 

2609
02:24:17,400 --> 02:24:21,600
the talk is just a way to 
connect to remind yourself that 

2610
02:24:21,600 --> 02:24:25,800
you exist outside of work that 
there are other parts to life. 

2611
02:24:26,600 --> 02:24:30,700
As full dark settles, the 
tiredness becomes harder to 

2612
02:24:30,700 --> 02:24:34,400
ignore. 
Your eyelids, grow heavy, your 

2613
02:24:34,400 --> 02:24:38,500
thoughts slow you prepare for 
bed without much ceremony 

2614
02:24:38,500 --> 02:24:43,700
clothes off night clothes on. 
If you have them into bed, which

2615
02:24:43,700 --> 02:24:47,900
might be a proper mattress or a 
pallet on the floor, the surface

2616
02:24:47,900 --> 02:24:51,000
is familiar. 
You've lean here. 

2617
02:24:51,000 --> 02:24:56,100
Hundreds of times, your body 
knows how to settle sleep comes 

2618
02:24:56,100 --> 02:24:58,700
quickly. 
Most nights, you're too tired 

2619
02:24:58,700 --> 02:25:01,300
for it. 
Not to the day has drained, you 

2620
02:25:01,300 --> 02:25:04,900
rest is not optional, it's 
inevitable. 

2621
02:25:04,900 --> 02:25:08,300
And in the morning, the cycle 
begins again. 

2622
02:25:08,300 --> 02:25:14,000
But for now, for these hours, 
you're still your quiet, your 

2623
02:25:14,000 --> 02:25:16,400
resting. 
And that's enough. 

2624
02:25:16,400 --> 02:25:20,600
The food you eat during an 
industrial work day isn't about 

2625
02:25:20,600 --> 02:25:23,800
enjoyment. 
It's about sustaining the body 

2626
02:25:23,800 --> 02:25:28,000
through long hours. 
Flavor and variety are secondary

2627
02:25:28,000 --> 02:25:32,300
to availability and cost. 
What you eat is shaped by what 

2628
02:25:32,300 --> 02:25:36,500
you can afford, what keeps with 
without refrigeration and what 

2629
02:25:36,500 --> 02:25:39,100
you can prepare with minimal 
time and equipment. 

2630
02:25:40,300 --> 02:25:43,400
Breakfast. 
If there is one happens before 

2631
02:25:43,400 --> 02:25:47,800
you leave for work. 
Porridge is common oats. 

2632
02:25:47,800 --> 02:25:51,900
Boiled with water, sometimes 
milk if you're fortunate. 

2633
02:25:53,200 --> 02:25:57,100
A pinch of salt. 
Maybe a bit of sugar or a 

2634
02:25:57,100 --> 02:25:59,800
spoonful of jam, if those 
luxuries are accessible. 

2635
02:26:00,900 --> 02:26:04,900
The meal is warm and filling 
designed to carry you through 

2636
02:26:04,900 --> 02:26:07,600
the morning hours until the 
midday break. 

2637
02:26:08,300 --> 02:26:11,800
You eat it quickly standing, or 
sitting at a rough table? 

2638
02:26:11,800 --> 02:26:14,400
Your mind already on the day 
ahead. 

2639
02:26:15,800 --> 02:26:19,500
Bread is a staple dark bread 
made from coarse of flour. 

2640
02:26:19,500 --> 02:26:23,700
Baked in large loaves, that last
several days, you cut thick 

2641
02:26:23,700 --> 02:26:26,800
slices and eat them plain or 
with butter if you have it. 

2642
02:26:27,700 --> 02:26:29,500
Cheese is another common 
companion. 

2643
02:26:29,500 --> 02:26:32,600
Hard cheese. 
That doesn't spoil easily. 

2644
02:26:33,500 --> 02:26:36,800
A piece of it, a piece of bread 
and you have a meal that 

2645
02:26:36,800 --> 02:26:38,900
travels, well and requires no 
preparation. 

2646
02:26:40,100 --> 02:26:44,000
The lunch you bring to work is 
packed in a tin pail or wrap in 

2647
02:26:44,000 --> 02:26:47,200
cloth. 
The same Foods appear day off 

2648
02:26:47,208 --> 02:26:51,600
today, bread and cheese, cold 
potatoes left from the previous 

2649
02:26:51,600 --> 02:26:55,600
night's dinner. 
Sometimes a boiled egg and apple

2650
02:26:55,600 --> 02:26:57,600
if they're in season and 
affordable. 

2651
02:26:58,300 --> 02:27:01,500
The meal is eaten at your 
workstation or in a designated 

2652
02:27:01,500 --> 02:27:06,600
area often while sitting on the 
floor or a low bench, there are 

2653
02:27:06,600 --> 02:27:11,200
no tables, no plates. 
You eat with your hands wiping 

2654
02:27:11,200 --> 02:27:12,700
them on your clothes. 
When you're finished. 

2655
02:27:13,700 --> 02:27:17,700
Water is the primary drink. tea,
if you're lucky enough to have 

2656
02:27:17,700 --> 02:27:21,700
access to hot water and can 
afford the leaves, Coffees less 

2657
02:27:21,700 --> 02:27:23,900
common, but appears in some 
places. 

2658
02:27:24,700 --> 02:27:28,000
Milk is a luxury for many 
reserved for children. 

2659
02:27:28,000 --> 02:27:33,300
If it's available at all beer, 
we can small is sometimes part 

2660
02:27:33,300 --> 02:27:37,300
of the midday meal safer than 
questionable water sources and 

2661
02:27:37,300 --> 02:27:40,900
providing a few calories. 
Dinner the evening. 

2662
02:27:40,900 --> 02:27:44,100
Meal is the most substantial 
food of the day. 

2663
02:27:44,100 --> 02:27:47,100
It's cooked at home or in a 
shared kitchen. 

2664
02:27:47,100 --> 02:27:50,500
If you live in a boarding house 
the options are limited by 

2665
02:27:50,500 --> 02:27:54,900
budget and time. 
Stew is common cheap cuts of 

2666
02:27:54,900 --> 02:27:57,700
meat root, vegetables, water and
salt. 

2667
02:27:58,500 --> 02:28:02,700
Its simmers for hours when 
someone has time to 10 it or 

2668
02:28:02,700 --> 02:28:06,000
it's thrown together quickly, 
when everyone is too tired for 

2669
02:28:06,000 --> 02:28:09,500
more effort. 
The same pot might serve for 

2670
02:28:09,500 --> 02:28:13,300
several days with new 
ingredients added to stretch it 

2671
02:28:13,300 --> 02:28:18,800
further. potatoes appear 
frequently, boiled mashed or 

2672
02:28:18,800 --> 02:28:23,800
fried if this fat to spare Their
filling and cheap a sack of 

2673
02:28:23,808 --> 02:28:27,400
potatoes can feed a household 
for weeks, you eat them 

2674
02:28:27,400 --> 02:28:32,100
alongside cabbage onions, Turn 
It, Whatever vegetables are 

2675
02:28:32,100 --> 02:28:36,100
affordable and in season. 
Fresh greens are rare. 

2676
02:28:36,700 --> 02:28:41,000
Preservation is difficult. 
Salted or pickled foods last 

2677
02:28:41,000 --> 02:28:44,200
longer and appear. 
More often meet is not an 

2678
02:28:44,200 --> 02:28:47,200
everyday item. 
For most workers when it 

2679
02:28:47,200 --> 02:28:51,500
appears, it's in small amounts 
bacon for flavor a bit of salt, 

2680
02:28:51,500 --> 02:28:56,000
pork sausages made from scraps 
and awful a whole chicken or a 

2681
02:28:56,008 --> 02:29:00,300
roast is a rare event, reserved 
for special occasions, or shared

2682
02:29:00,300 --> 02:29:04,300
among many people fish. 
If you live near water, might be

2683
02:29:04,300 --> 02:29:07,800
more accessible. 
Smoked or salted to last. 

2684
02:29:08,800 --> 02:29:12,400
Baking is done. 
Communally, in many cases, a 

2685
02:29:12,400 --> 02:29:15,600
neighborhood of them a bakery 
that lets people bring their own

2686
02:29:15,600 --> 02:29:21,300
doe to be baked for a small fee.
Bread made at home is dense sir 

2687
02:29:21,300 --> 02:29:25,900
heavier and less refined than 
what you might buy from a shop. 

2688
02:29:26,800 --> 02:29:28,900
But it's cheaper and often more 
filling. 

2689
02:29:29,800 --> 02:29:33,700
Sugar and sweet things are 
treats, not Staples a bit of 

2690
02:29:33,700 --> 02:29:38,100
treacle, a piece of hard candy, 
a slice of cake at a 

2691
02:29:38,100 --> 02:29:40,800
celebration. 
These are rare enough to be 

2692
02:29:40,800 --> 02:29:44,400
memorable. 
The everyday diet is plain 

2693
02:29:44,400 --> 02:29:48,400
repetitive and practical you eat
to work. 

2694
02:29:49,600 --> 02:29:54,600
Pleasure of food is secondary. 
Shopping for food is a weekly or

2695
02:29:54,600 --> 02:29:59,000
daily tasks depending on storage
and budget markets are crowded 

2696
02:29:59,000 --> 02:30:02,400
noisy. 
Places vendors call out prices 

2697
02:30:02,400 --> 02:30:06,900
Shoppers haggle. 
You learn which stalls offer the

2698
02:30:06,900 --> 02:30:09,600
best value and which vendors are
trustworthy. 

2699
02:30:10,500 --> 02:30:14,000
You buy in small quantities 
because you can't afford to buy 

2700
02:30:14,000 --> 02:30:16,800
in bulk even though bulk would 
be cheaper. 

2701
02:30:18,200 --> 02:30:21,000
The economics are punishing 
cooking. 

2702
02:30:21,000 --> 02:30:23,800
Equipment is minimal a single 
pot. 

2703
02:30:24,800 --> 02:30:28,400
Pan, if you're fortunate a 
knife, a wooden spoon, 

2704
02:30:28,400 --> 02:30:33,400
everything is used and reused, 
dishes are washed in a basement 

2705
02:30:33,400 --> 02:30:35,300
with cold water and a bit of 
soap. 

2706
02:30:35,300 --> 02:30:39,300
If you have it. 
Cleanliness is important, but 

2707
02:30:39,300 --> 02:30:42,200
it's achieved with effort and 
limited resources. 

2708
02:30:43,300 --> 02:30:46,900
Oilage is a constant concern 
food that goes. 

2709
02:30:46,900 --> 02:30:52,000
Bad is food wasted and wasted 
something you can't afford, you 

2710
02:30:52,000 --> 02:30:54,200
learn to smell and inspect 
carefully. 

2711
02:30:55,400 --> 02:30:58,900
To use everything. 
Before it turns, leftover 

2712
02:30:58,900 --> 02:31:02,100
scraps, go into the next due 
stale. 

2713
02:31:02,100 --> 02:31:06,000
Bread is soaked and eaten. 
Nothing is thrown away lightly. 

2714
02:31:06,800 --> 02:31:10,500
Children, if there are any in 
the household, eat, what the 

2715
02:31:10,500 --> 02:31:14,300
adults eat, there's no special 
food for them. 

2716
02:31:14,300 --> 02:31:18,000
They learn early to appreciate, 
what's offered and not to ask 

2717
02:31:18,000 --> 02:31:21,000
for more. 
Hunger is a familiar feeling 

2718
02:31:21,000 --> 02:31:23,800
managed but not always 
satisfied. 

2719
02:31:24,600 --> 02:31:28,200
You go to bed with your stomach,
not quite full, more often than 

2720
02:31:28,200 --> 02:31:31,300
not. 
The rhythms of eating are tied 

2721
02:31:31,300 --> 02:31:34,400
to work meals, are scheduled 
around shifts. 

2722
02:31:34,400 --> 02:31:37,500
If you work nights, you eat at 
odd hours. 

2723
02:31:37,500 --> 02:31:41,000
If you work long days, your 
meals can press into brief 

2724
02:31:41,000 --> 02:31:44,600
windows. 
The social aspect of eating the 

2725
02:31:44,600 --> 02:31:49,000
gathering around a table is 
often rushed or absent food is 

2726
02:31:49,000 --> 02:31:52,400
fuel. 
You can consume it and move on. 

2727
02:31:53,300 --> 02:31:57,900
Special occasions, bring better 
food a holiday, a wedding, a 

2728
02:31:57,900 --> 02:32:01,500
community Gathering. 
These meals are remembered 

2729
02:32:01,500 --> 02:32:04,800
because they're different. 
There's meat, there's cake. 

2730
02:32:04,800 --> 02:32:08,500
There's enough that you feel 
satisfied but they're 

2731
02:32:08,500 --> 02:32:11,600
infrequent. 
The daily reality returns 

2732
02:32:11,600 --> 02:32:14,700
quickly, preservation techniques
are crucial. 

2733
02:32:15,600 --> 02:32:19,800
Sulting smoking, pickling 
drying. 

2734
02:32:20,500 --> 02:32:23,900
These methods allow food to last
through Seasons when fresh 

2735
02:32:23,900 --> 02:32:27,900
options are scarce. 
Root Cellars if accessible store

2736
02:32:27,900 --> 02:32:31,800
vegetables through winter jars 
of preserves line shelves, 

2737
02:32:31,800 --> 02:32:35,500
rationed carefully. 
The food you eat, shapes your 

2738
02:32:35,508 --> 02:32:40,000
health, in ways, you don't fully
understand, deficiencies lead to

2739
02:32:40,000 --> 02:32:44,500
fatigue to illness and to 
weakened resistance, but you 

2740
02:32:44,508 --> 02:32:46,900
don't have the knowledge or the 
means to address it. 

2741
02:32:47,700 --> 02:32:50,100
You eat what you can and hope 
it's enough. 

2742
02:32:50,900 --> 02:32:53,900
Despite the plainness, there's a
kind of comfort in the 

2743
02:32:53,900 --> 02:32:57,500
repetition. 
The same Foods prepared, the 

2744
02:32:57,500 --> 02:33:01,500
same ways become familiar. 
You know what to expect. 

2745
02:33:02,700 --> 02:33:08,100
Taste of your daily bread, the 
texture of your evening stew. 

2746
02:33:08,900 --> 02:33:13,400
the sensations anchor, you Part 
the Rhythm that makes life 

2747
02:33:13,400 --> 02:33:17,800
predictable even when it's hard.
The walk home at the end of the 

2748
02:33:17,800 --> 02:33:20,300
work day is quieter than the 
morning Journey. 

2749
02:33:20,300 --> 02:33:24,200
The urgency is gone. 
You'll no longer racing against 

2750
02:33:24,200 --> 02:33:26,800
a bell. 
The streets are still full of 

2751
02:33:26,808 --> 02:33:29,700
workers, but the collective pace
is slow. 

2752
02:33:30,700 --> 02:33:34,100
Tired. 
People move with heavy steps 

2753
02:33:34,100 --> 02:33:38,200
shoulders rounded and faces, 
turned downward. 

2754
02:33:38,900 --> 02:33:42,800
The town itself seems to Exhale 
as the factories empty. 

2755
02:33:42,800 --> 02:33:45,200
You follow. 
The same route you took in the 

2756
02:33:45,200 --> 02:33:48,100
morning. 
Past the same buildings, the 

2757
02:33:48,100 --> 02:33:51,100
same corners. 
The light is different now, 

2758
02:33:51,100 --> 02:33:54,600
later afternoon or early 
evening, depending on the 

2759
02:33:54,600 --> 02:33:58,200
season. 
In summer, the sun is still warm

2760
02:33:58,200 --> 02:34:03,700
on your back in Winter dusk is 
already settling in and the cold

2761
02:34:03,700 --> 02:34:05,900
bites harder than it did at 
dawn. 

2762
02:34:06,700 --> 02:34:09,700
You pull your shawl or jacket 
Tighter, and keep moving. 

2763
02:34:10,700 --> 02:34:12,900
Other workers peel off their own
doors. 

2764
02:34:12,900 --> 02:34:19,100
The crowd thins gradually by the
time you reach your street, only

2765
02:34:19,100 --> 02:34:22,700
a handful of people remain you 
recognized them. 

2766
02:34:22,700 --> 02:34:26,900
They live nearby you know if you
make eye contact but 

2767
02:34:26,900 --> 02:34:30,200
conversation is rare. 
Everyone is too tired. 

2768
02:34:31,200 --> 02:34:35,200
Your building comes into view. 
If you live in a shared house or

2769
02:34:35,200 --> 02:34:38,700
tenement you can hear Signs of 
Life inside. 

2770
02:34:38,700 --> 02:34:44,600
Before you open the door voices,
the clatter of dishes, a child 

2771
02:34:44,600 --> 02:34:48,300
crying, the sound of other 
people's evening's beginning. 

2772
02:34:49,200 --> 02:34:52,400
If you live alone or in a 
smaller household, the return is

2773
02:34:52,400 --> 02:34:55,600
quieter. 
Just your own footsteps on the 

2774
02:34:55,600 --> 02:34:58,100
stairs. 
The first thing you do, when you

2775
02:34:58,100 --> 02:35:01,300
step inside is remove your work 
boots or shoes. 

2776
02:35:02,100 --> 02:35:06,000
They're heavy with the days. 
Labor, your feet ache. 

2777
02:35:06,500 --> 02:35:10,800
You set the boots by the door 
and flex your toes, feeling the 

2778
02:35:10,800 --> 02:35:14,700
relief of freedom. 
If you wear a work coat or apron

2779
02:35:14,700 --> 02:35:19,200
that comes off too. 
You hang it on a peg or drape it

2780
02:35:19,200 --> 02:35:22,700
over a chair. 
The removal of work clothes is 

2781
02:35:22,700 --> 02:35:26,800
like shedding the day itself. 
If there's a base of water 

2782
02:35:26,800 --> 02:35:31,700
waiting, you wash, the water is 
cold, but it cuts through the 

2783
02:35:31,700 --> 02:35:35,800
grime. 
You face scrub your hands and 

2784
02:35:35,800 --> 02:35:39,600
white down your neck and arms 
the actors practical little. 

2785
02:35:39,600 --> 02:35:44,700
So symbolic washing away the 
factory returning to your self. 

2786
02:35:44,700 --> 02:35:47,900
The water turns gray with dirt 
and sweat. 

2787
02:35:47,900 --> 02:35:52,100
You dry off with a rough towel 
and feel a degree cleaner. 

2788
02:35:53,400 --> 02:35:56,900
The room you return to is small.
Furniture is minimal. 

2789
02:35:57,800 --> 02:36:02,600
Table a few chairs, a bed or 
beds, depending on how many 

2790
02:36:02,600 --> 02:36:07,100
people share the space. 
Shelves or hooks for belongings.

2791
02:36:07,100 --> 02:36:11,900
Everything serves a function. 
There's no decoration to speak 

2792
02:36:11,900 --> 02:36:15,500
of maybe a picture on the wall. 
If someone brought one from a 

2793
02:36:15,500 --> 02:36:19,400
previous home, maybe a Tin Cup. 
That belonged to a relative 

2794
02:36:19,400 --> 02:36:23,600
small markers of identity in an 
otherwise plain space. 

2795
02:36:24,600 --> 02:36:28,000
If you live with others, they're
likely in various stages of 

2796
02:36:28,000 --> 02:36:32,100
their own unwinding. 
Someone might be preparing food.

2797
02:36:32,100 --> 02:36:36,400
Another person might be sitting 
staring at nothing Gathering 

2798
02:36:36,400 --> 02:36:40,000
energy. 
Children, if present might be 

2799
02:36:40,000 --> 02:36:42,400
loud. 
Now, released from their own 

2800
02:36:42,400 --> 02:36:47,200
days, obligations, The household
hums with low activity. 

2801
02:36:47,200 --> 02:36:52,100
Everyone moving through familiar
routines dinner preparation 

2802
02:36:52,100 --> 02:36:54,300
Falls to whoever has the 
responsibility. 

2803
02:36:55,600 --> 02:36:58,100
Often women though not 
exclusively. 

2804
02:36:59,200 --> 02:37:02,800
The cooking is simple. 
A pot set on a small stove or 

2805
02:37:02,800 --> 02:37:08,400
half ingredients, added water 
pod, the processes efficient 

2806
02:37:08,400 --> 02:37:11,600
because it has to be, there's no
time or energy for elaborate 

2807
02:37:11,600 --> 02:37:16,900
meals stew, soup, and porridge 
something warm that fills the 

2808
02:37:16,900 --> 02:37:20,500
belly. 
While the food Cooks, you sit 

2809
02:37:20,500 --> 02:37:24,900
just sit. 
The act of Stillness after hours

2810
02:37:24,900 --> 02:37:28,900
of standing or moving. 
Feels almost medicinal your back

2811
02:37:28,900 --> 02:37:33,200
rests against the chair, your 
legs stretch, out your eyes 

2812
02:37:33,200 --> 02:37:36,600
closed, briefly, you're not 
asleep, but you're not fully 

2813
02:37:36,600 --> 02:37:40,000
awake either. 
Just resting in a suspended 

2814
02:37:40,000 --> 02:37:42,900
state. 
The smell of cooking food. 

2815
02:37:42,900 --> 02:37:44,300
Eventually. 
Pulls you back. 

2816
02:37:45,200 --> 02:37:49,100
You open your eyes, your stomach
reminds you that you're hungry. 

2817
02:37:50,400 --> 02:37:54,500
The midday meal was hours ago. 
You wait for the food to be 

2818
02:37:54,508 --> 02:38:00,300
ready and anticipation building 
in a quiet physical way. when 

2819
02:38:00,300 --> 02:38:03,900
the meal is served, you eat at 
the table if there's room 

2820
02:38:03,900 --> 02:38:09,700
otherwise you eat where you sit 
in your lap, The food is hot and

2821
02:38:09,700 --> 02:38:13,400
plain the same flavors as 
yesterday in the day before. 

2822
02:38:14,500 --> 02:38:19,200
But it's warm and it's yours and
it fills the empty space inside.

2823
02:38:20,200 --> 02:38:25,200
You eat slowly chewing each 
bite, giving your body time to 

2824
02:38:25,200 --> 02:38:30,000
register for this. 
Conversation during the meal is 

2825
02:38:30,000 --> 02:38:32,800
sparse. 
Someone might mention something 

2826
02:38:32,800 --> 02:38:37,400
that happened during the day. 
A broken tool, a harsh word from

2827
02:38:37,400 --> 02:38:41,900
a supervisor, a piece of news 
heard in, passing the talk, 

2828
02:38:41,900 --> 02:38:44,800
doesn't go deep. 
It's just a way to acknowledge 

2829
02:38:44,800 --> 02:38:48,100
each other's presence to confirm
that you all made it through 

2830
02:38:48,100 --> 02:38:53,000
another day. after eating the 
dishes are cleared washed in the

2831
02:38:53,000 --> 02:38:56,900
same bass and you used to clean 
yourself Stacked to dry. 

2832
02:38:56,900 --> 02:39:01,800
The routine is automatic. 
You don't think about it, you 

2833
02:39:01,800 --> 02:39:04,100
just do it because it needs 
doing. 

2834
02:39:05,100 --> 02:39:08,000
The evening stretches out 
differently, depending on the 

2835
02:39:08,000 --> 02:39:10,100
season and your level of 
exhaustion. 

2836
02:39:10,900 --> 02:39:13,700
In the longer days of summer. 
They're still light outside. 

2837
02:39:14,800 --> 02:39:16,900
Some people step out for a brief
war. 

2838
02:39:17,900 --> 02:39:20,900
Others sit on Stoops or in 
shared courtyards. 

2839
02:39:21,800 --> 02:39:25,800
The outside are even if it's not
fresh is different from the 

2840
02:39:25,800 --> 02:39:28,500
area. 
Inside, it offers a change of 

2841
02:39:28,508 --> 02:39:32,300
scene, ory a mental break from 
the confines of the home. 

2842
02:39:33,200 --> 02:39:37,500
In winter, when darkness comes 
early, the evening is spent 

2843
02:39:37,500 --> 02:39:40,600
mostly indoors candles or oil 
lamps. 

2844
02:39:40,600 --> 02:39:43,200
Provide light though they use 
bearing. 

2845
02:39:44,500 --> 02:39:48,300
Fuel costs, money. 
You light a lamp only when 

2846
02:39:48,300 --> 02:39:51,900
necessary. 
Much of the evening is spent in 

2847
02:39:51,900 --> 02:39:56,400
dim light or near Darkness, your
eyes are just some people use 

2848
02:39:56,400 --> 02:40:00,300
the evening for mending. 
Clothes need repair constantly 

2849
02:40:00,300 --> 02:40:05,700
seam split buttons, fall off. 
Hems Frey you take needle and 

2850
02:40:05,700 --> 02:40:10,500
thread and fix, what's broken? 
The work is quiet, focused and 

2851
02:40:10,500 --> 02:40:14,900
satisfying in a small way. 
Making something functional 

2852
02:40:14,900 --> 02:40:17,600
again. 
Extending its life. 

2853
02:40:18,400 --> 02:40:21,300
Others read. 
If they can a newspaper. 

2854
02:40:21,300 --> 02:40:25,300
If someone brought one home a 
book, if you own one or borrowed

2855
02:40:25,300 --> 02:40:28,900
one, Reading by Lamplight is 
hard on the eyes. 

2856
02:40:28,900 --> 02:40:32,300
So you don't do it for long but 
it's a window into something 

2857
02:40:32,300 --> 02:40:37,900
beyond the days, labor. 
Story is news ideas. 

2858
02:40:37,900 --> 02:40:41,700
A reminder that the world is 
larger than the factory 

2859
02:40:41,700 --> 02:40:45,100
children. 
If present might play quietly in

2860
02:40:45,100 --> 02:40:49,300
a corner, simple games, a ball, 
a homemade doll. 

2861
02:40:49,300 --> 02:40:53,500
Their learning the same rhythms 
as the adults. they need to be 

2862
02:40:53,500 --> 02:41:00,600
quiet to occupy themselves, to 
make do with little As the night

2863
02:41:00,600 --> 02:41:03,100
deepens fatigue becomes harder 
to ignore. 

2864
02:41:03,800 --> 02:41:06,200
Yawns. 
Come more frequently, your 

2865
02:41:06,200 --> 02:41:10,000
eyelids grow heavy. 
The day has been long and your 

2866
02:41:10,000 --> 02:41:13,500
body demands rest. 
You begin the process of 

2867
02:41:13,500 --> 02:41:17,300
preparing for bed. 
Clothes removed and folded or 

2868
02:41:17,300 --> 02:41:19,700
draped. 
Put on night clothes, if you 

2869
02:41:19,700 --> 02:41:24,000
have them teeth cleaned with 
water or a rough cloth if you're

2870
02:41:24,000 --> 02:41:26,600
diligent. 
The bed is a welcome sight. 

2871
02:41:26,600 --> 02:41:30,700
You climb in feeling the 
familiar give of the mattress or

2872
02:41:30,700 --> 02:41:34,200
palate. 
If you share the bed, you settle

2873
02:41:34,200 --> 02:41:38,000
into your usual spot. 
The warmth of another body 

2874
02:41:38,000 --> 02:41:41,000
nearby is comforting, and 
practical and cold weather. 

2875
02:41:42,100 --> 02:41:46,000
If you sleep alone, the bed is 
all yours a small luxury. 

2876
02:41:46,900 --> 02:41:49,800
The room grows quiet lamps of 
blown out. 

2877
02:41:49,800 --> 02:41:54,900
Darkness, settles fully outside.
The town is winding down too. 

2878
02:41:54,900 --> 02:41:59,900
Few of her voice is fewer 
footsteps, the distant sound of 

2879
02:41:59,900 --> 02:42:02,400
the factories, some of which run
through the night. 

2880
02:42:02,400 --> 02:42:07,000
Become more audible in the 
Stillness, a low hum, a reminder

2881
02:42:07,000 --> 02:42:11,300
that work never fully stops. 
You lie still feeling the day, 

2882
02:42:11,300 --> 02:42:15,000
drain away your muscles, relax 
your mind, empties. 

2883
02:42:16,000 --> 02:42:20,900
Sleep comes not with dreams or 
drama, but with a simple heavy 

2884
02:42:20,900 --> 02:42:23,700
certainty. 
The day is over. 

2885
02:42:23,700 --> 02:42:29,200
Rest is here tomorrow will come.
But for now you're done. 

2886
02:42:29,900 --> 02:42:32,500
The bed you sleep in is not 
plush or particularly 

2887
02:42:32,500 --> 02:42:36,300
comfortable the mattress, if you
can call it that might be 

2888
02:42:36,300 --> 02:42:40,700
stuffed with straw or horse hair
over time, it compresses and 

2889
02:42:40,700 --> 02:42:44,200
develops permanent dips, where 
bodies lie night after night. 

2890
02:42:45,300 --> 02:42:49,400
You've learned which positions 
avoid the worst lumps, you shift

2891
02:42:49,400 --> 02:42:52,800
automatically into the familiar 
shape that allows your back to 

2892
02:42:52,800 --> 02:42:57,700
settle your hips to rest and 
your neck to align as well as it

2893
02:42:57,700 --> 02:43:00,100
can. 
The pillow is flat. 

2894
02:43:01,100 --> 02:43:03,500
Fabrics, stuffed with whatever 
was available. 

2895
02:43:04,600 --> 02:43:09,800
Feathers, if you were fortunate 
more, if not, it doesn't provide

2896
02:43:09,800 --> 02:43:13,000
much cushioning, but it's 
something to rest your head on 

2897
02:43:13,000 --> 02:43:17,700
better than nothing. 
You adjust it under your neck, 

2898
02:43:17,700 --> 02:43:22,400
and close your eyes. 
If you share the bed, there's a 

2899
02:43:22,400 --> 02:43:26,500
routine to the arrangement. 
One person closer to the wall, 

2900
02:43:26,500 --> 02:43:31,400
another, on the outside edge. 
Sometimes more than two, if 

2901
02:43:31,400 --> 02:43:35,400
space is limited. 
Children might sleep crosswise 

2902
02:43:35,400 --> 02:43:38,300
at the foot of the bed. 
Bodies arrange themselves 

2903
02:43:38,300 --> 02:43:41,700
through habit each person 
knowing their place. 

2904
02:43:42,500 --> 02:43:46,400
Closeness is necessary. 
It provides warmth in winter 

2905
02:43:46,400 --> 02:43:50,400
when blankets are thin. 
The blankets, the cells are 

2906
02:43:50,400 --> 02:43:54,800
worn, wool off often scratchy, 
quilts piece together from 

2907
02:43:54,800 --> 02:43:59,300
scraps layers, added or removed.
Depending on the season. 

2908
02:43:59,300 --> 02:44:04,500
In summer, you might sleep with 
just a sheet in Winter, you pile

2909
02:44:04,500 --> 02:44:08,000
on everything you have and still
feel the cold creeping in around

2910
02:44:08,000 --> 02:44:11,700
the edges. 
You curl in to yourself, drawing

2911
02:44:11,700 --> 02:44:14,200
your knees up. 
Conserving, Heat. 

2912
02:44:15,600 --> 02:44:19,700
The room is dark but not silent.
If you live in a tenement or 

2913
02:44:19,700 --> 02:44:22,900
boarding house, you hear the 
sounds of other households? 

2914
02:44:23,600 --> 02:44:29,200
Footsteps in the rooms of Voices
through thin walls, a baby is 

2915
02:44:29,200 --> 02:44:33,400
crying somewhere down the hall a
cough, adore closing. 

2916
02:44:34,200 --> 02:44:36,100
The building is alive with 
people. 

2917
02:44:36,100 --> 02:44:41,200
All trying to rest in proximity 
to one another Outside the town 

2918
02:44:41,200 --> 02:44:45,900
continues in muted ways, a dog 
barking in the distance. 

2919
02:44:45,900 --> 02:44:50,600
A cart rattling over 
cobblestones some late delivery 

2920
02:44:50,600 --> 02:44:54,300
or early preparation. 
For the next day, the hum of a 

2921
02:44:54,300 --> 02:44:56,000
factory that runs through the 
night. 

2922
02:44:56,900 --> 02:45:01,300
Faint, but persistent. 
These sounds become part of the 

2923
02:45:01,300 --> 02:45:04,100
background. 
You hear them without listening.

2924
02:45:05,000 --> 02:45:06,900
They're just the texture of 
nighttime. 

2925
02:45:08,000 --> 02:45:12,600
Your body sinks into the bed. 
the relief of horizontal rest 

2926
02:45:12,600 --> 02:45:17,000
after hours of standing or 
sitting in rigid positions, is 

2927
02:45:17,000 --> 02:45:23,100
immediate your spine length, and
your legs stretch out fully The 

2928
02:45:23,100 --> 02:45:27,200
tension in your shoulders begins
to ease, you take a deep breath 

2929
02:45:27,200 --> 02:45:33,000
and let it out slowly. 
The act of breathing shifts from

2930
02:45:33,000 --> 02:45:36,200
the shallow rhythm of work to 
the deeper slower rhythm of 

2931
02:45:36,208 --> 02:45:38,700
rest. 
Sleep doesn't always come 

2932
02:45:38,700 --> 02:45:41,500
immediately. 
Sometimes your mind lingers on 

2933
02:45:41,500 --> 02:45:45,800
the day, a difficult moment. 
The task left unfinished. 

2934
02:45:45,800 --> 02:45:50,500
A worry about tomorrow. 
But you're too tired to dwell 

2935
02:45:50,500 --> 02:45:55,500
long, the thoughts drift without
anchoring, eventually they fade 

2936
02:45:55,500 --> 02:45:58,500
altogether. 
You're breathing deepens your 

2937
02:45:58,500 --> 02:46:03,700
muscles, go slack sleep pulls 
you under dreams when they come 

2938
02:46:03,700 --> 02:46:09,200
are often simple repetitions of 
the day's tasks your hands. 

2939
02:46:09,200 --> 02:46:11,100
Moving through familiar 
emotions. 

2940
02:46:11,800 --> 02:46:15,300
Sound of machines, walking the 
same streets. 

2941
02:46:16,300 --> 02:46:18,700
Sometimes the dream shift into 
nonsense. 

2942
02:46:19,500 --> 02:46:23,500
Fragments that don't connect. 
You don't remember most of them 

2943
02:46:23,500 --> 02:46:27,600
when you wait the night 
progresses, you shift positions,

2944
02:46:27,600 --> 02:46:31,700
occasionally adjusting to 
discomfort or seeking a cooler 

2945
02:46:31,700 --> 02:46:35,800
spot on the Sheetz. 
If you share the bed, you move 

2946
02:46:35,800 --> 02:46:38,500
carefully to avoid disturbing 
the other person. 

2947
02:46:39,400 --> 02:46:42,300
Sometimes you wait, briefly not 
fully conscious. 

2948
02:46:42,300 --> 02:46:47,200
Just aware enough to turn over 
before sinking back into sleep. 

2949
02:46:48,400 --> 02:46:49,900
In the deepest part of the 
night. 

2950
02:46:49,900 --> 02:46:54,600
The town is quietest. factories 
that run constantly become the 

2951
02:46:54,600 --> 02:47:01,500
primary sound alone, steady hum 
rhythmic, almost soothing in its

2952
02:47:01,500 --> 02:47:07,100
consistency The heartbeat of the
place even in rest. 

2953
02:47:07,100 --> 02:47:09,600
You're never fully separate from
industry. 

2954
02:47:09,600 --> 02:47:14,500
It shapes the soundscape of 
sleep if you need to relieve 

2955
02:47:14,500 --> 02:47:17,000
yourself during the night, you 
rise. 

2956
02:47:17,000 --> 02:47:21,200
Reluctantly, the floor is cold, 
beneath your feet. 

2957
02:47:21,900 --> 02:47:25,700
You navigate by memory avoiding 
Furniture in the dark. 

2958
02:47:26,600 --> 02:47:30,000
The chamber pot is kept nearby 
for this purpose. 

2959
02:47:30,000 --> 02:47:32,700
You use it quickly in return to 
bed. 

2960
02:47:32,700 --> 02:47:37,100
Pulling the blankets back over 
yourself, seeking the warmth, 

2961
02:47:37,100 --> 02:47:40,800
you just left. 
Illness or discomfort can make 

2962
02:47:40,800 --> 02:47:45,200
sleep harder. 
A persistent cough, a sore back,

2963
02:47:45,200 --> 02:47:48,600
that won't settle. 
The aching in your hands from 

2964
02:47:48,600 --> 02:47:53,000
the days repetitive work. 
You try to find positions that 

2965
02:47:53,000 --> 02:47:56,700
minimize the pain. 
You wait for sleep to dull the 

2966
02:47:56,708 --> 02:47:59,500
sensations? 
Sometimes it does. 

2967
02:48:00,500 --> 02:48:04,500
Sometimes you lie awake longer 
than you'd like aware of every 

2968
02:48:04,500 --> 02:48:08,300
small discomfort. 
Children, if they're in the 

2969
02:48:08,300 --> 02:48:13,500
household, sometimes wait with 
nightmares or needs a voice in 

2970
02:48:13,500 --> 02:48:17,200
the dark calling for a parent, 
the sound of crying. 

2971
02:48:18,200 --> 02:48:22,400
An adult Rises tends to the 
child and soothes them back to 

2972
02:48:22,400 --> 02:48:24,900
sleep. 
The interruption is brief 

2973
02:48:24,900 --> 02:48:28,600
everyone. 
Settles again, these moments are

2974
02:48:28,600 --> 02:48:30,100
part of the rhythm of shared 
living. 

2975
02:48:31,000 --> 02:48:35,800
As Dawn approaches the quality 
of sleep lightens, you're no 

2976
02:48:35,800 --> 02:48:39,200
longer in the deep rest of 
midnight, your closer to the 

2977
02:48:39,200 --> 02:48:46,700
surface aware of the coming day.
Even before you wake fully Your 

2978
02:48:46,700 --> 02:48:48,600
body begins to anticipate 
movement. 

2979
02:48:48,600 --> 02:48:51,500
Your mind starts to engage 
though. 

2980
02:48:51,500 --> 02:48:55,100
You resist it. 
The first sounds of mourning 

2981
02:48:55,100 --> 02:49:00,300
filter in a rooster somewhere. 
The clatter of a cart being 

2982
02:49:00,300 --> 02:49:03,500
prepared. 
Footsteps in the hall, as early 

2983
02:49:03,500 --> 02:49:07,700
Rises begin their day. 
You hear these things and know 

2984
02:49:07,700 --> 02:49:11,400
that your own Rising isn't far 
off but for a few more minutes, 

2985
02:49:11,400 --> 02:49:16,400
you stay still eyes closed 
clinging to the last bit of 

2986
02:49:16,408 --> 02:49:18,300
rest. 
When you find finally. 

2987
02:49:18,300 --> 02:49:22,500
Wait, it's not abrupt. 
No alarm jolts your upright, 

2988
02:49:22,500 --> 02:49:27,700
instead, you surface slowly 
awareness, returns in layers, 

2989
02:49:27,700 --> 02:49:32,300
the weight of the blanket, the 
texture of the pillow, the 

2990
02:49:32,300 --> 02:49:34,100
coolness of the air on your 
face. 

2991
02:49:35,000 --> 02:49:37,600
You open your eyes to the dim 
light of early morning. 

2992
02:49:38,600 --> 02:49:41,800
The room is the same as it was 
when you closed your eyes. 

2993
02:49:42,500 --> 02:49:46,000
Nothing has changed. 
You lie there for a moment. 

2994
02:49:46,008 --> 02:49:50,500
Gathering yourself. 
The day ahead looms. 

2995
02:49:50,500 --> 02:49:54,500
Another shift, another set of 
hours at the machine or 

2996
02:49:54,500 --> 02:49:57,000
workstation. 
The knowledge is heavy but it's 

2997
02:49:57,000 --> 02:49:59,600
also familiar. 
This is what you do. 

2998
02:49:59,600 --> 02:50:02,900
This is what every day. 
Looks like you've done it 

2999
02:50:02,900 --> 02:50:07,000
before, you'll do it again. 
Eventually you push the blankets

3000
02:50:07,000 --> 02:50:10,100
aside. 
The cold air touches your skin 

3001
02:50:10,100 --> 02:50:14,100
and you shiver briefly. 
You swing your legs out of bed, 

3002
02:50:14,100 --> 02:50:18,200
your feet find the floor. 
You sit on the edge of the 

3003
02:50:18,200 --> 02:50:22,300
mattress, rubbing your face with
the hands, urging yourself into 

3004
02:50:22,300 --> 02:50:28,300
full wakefulness. around you 
others, awaken to the rustle of 

3005
02:50:28,300 --> 02:50:30,200
movement. 
A cough. 

3006
02:50:30,800 --> 02:50:33,300
The Creak of the bed frame is 
someone else sits up. 

3007
02:50:34,300 --> 02:50:37,500
Household is stirring preparing 
to repeat the cycle. 

3008
02:50:37,500 --> 02:50:42,400
You stand reach for your clothes
and begin the process of 

3009
02:50:42,400 --> 02:50:45,900
dressing another day. 
Another routine. 

3010
02:50:47,700 --> 02:50:50,800
The knights rest is over and the
work begins again. 

3011
02:50:51,600 --> 02:50:56,200
The says blend together. 
One morning into the next one, 

3012
02:50:56,200 --> 02:51:00,200
shift following another. 
The Rhythm becomes so familiar 

3013
02:51:00,200 --> 02:51:02,600
that you stop noticing the 
repetition. 

3014
02:51:02,600 --> 02:51:08,300
It's simply what life is you? 
Wake you work, you eat, you 

3015
02:51:08,300 --> 02:51:11,600
rest. 
The cycle continues without 

3016
02:51:11,600 --> 02:51:16,600
dramatic Peaks or valleys. 
It's steady reliable in its own 

3017
02:51:16,600 --> 02:51:19,600
way. 
Grounding, the work itself, 

3018
02:51:19,600 --> 02:51:23,900
changes very little over weeks 
and months, the machines of the 

3019
02:51:23,900 --> 02:51:26,800
same. 
The tasks of the same your 

3020
02:51:26,800 --> 02:51:31,000
hands, perform, the same 
motions, thousands of times and 

3021
02:51:31,000 --> 02:51:34,000
the movements are engraved into 
muscle memory. 

3022
02:51:34,000 --> 02:51:36,400
You could do the work in your 
sleep. 

3023
02:51:37,400 --> 02:51:42,400
Sometimes it feels like you are 
the seasons shift and with them 

3024
02:51:42,400 --> 02:51:46,300
small adjustments. 
Some summer brings heat that 

3025
02:51:46,300 --> 02:51:51,500
make the factory floor stifling.
You drink more water, you move 

3026
02:51:51,500 --> 02:51:54,800
more slowly in the afternoon's 
when the air is thickest. 

3027
02:51:55,700 --> 02:51:59,600
Winter brings cold that seeps 
through the walls and windows, 

3028
02:51:59,600 --> 02:52:04,400
you were extra layers, you 
huddle closer to the machine's 

3029
02:52:04,400 --> 02:52:08,300
for their warm. but the work 
remains constant, beneath these 

3030
02:52:08,300 --> 02:52:13,000
surface changes The people 
around you change gradually. 

3031
02:52:13,900 --> 02:52:17,400
Someone leaves for a different 
job or a different town. 

3032
02:52:18,300 --> 02:52:20,800
A new worker arrives to take 
their place. 

3033
02:52:21,800 --> 02:52:24,800
Is shift, but the role stay the 
same. 

3034
02:52:25,800 --> 02:52:28,500
The newcomer learns, the Rhythm 
just as you did. 

3035
02:52:29,400 --> 02:52:31,400
They become part of the 
collective effort. 

3036
02:52:31,400 --> 02:52:36,300
The work absorbs them. 
You notice your own adaptations 

3037
02:52:36,300 --> 02:52:38,900
over. 
Time the calluses on your hands,

3038
02:52:38,900 --> 02:52:43,500
thicken, your tolerance for 
standing increases, your ability

3039
02:52:43,500 --> 02:52:47,200
to tune out. 
Discomfort sharpens, what felt 

3040
02:52:47,200 --> 02:52:49,900
unbearable in the first weeks 
becomes manageable. 

3041
02:52:49,900 --> 02:52:54,600
Not comfortable, but bearable, 
your body and mind, adjust 

3042
02:52:54,600 --> 02:52:58,600
because they have to survive or 
requires adaptation. 

3043
02:52:58,600 --> 02:53:03,600
The town itself of evolves. 
Slowly new buildings appear over

3044
02:53:03,600 --> 02:53:08,900
months and years streets, are 
paved or repairs more factories.

3045
02:53:08,900 --> 02:53:13,600
Open the population grows But 
these changes happen. 

3046
02:53:13,600 --> 02:53:17,000
So gradually that there are 
almost invisible to day. 

3047
02:53:17,900 --> 02:53:20,900
You look up one morning and 
realize something is different 

3048
02:53:20,900 --> 02:53:23,700
though. 
You can't pinpoint exactly when 

3049
02:53:23,700 --> 02:53:27,200
it changed. 
The industrial Rhythm shapes. 

3050
02:53:27,200 --> 02:53:31,800
Everything mealtimes are 
dictated by shift schedules. 

3051
02:53:32,600 --> 02:53:35,600
Sleep patterns are determined by
work hours. 

3052
02:53:36,600 --> 02:53:40,300
Social interactions happen in 
the margins, the brief pauses 

3053
02:53:40,300 --> 02:53:44,100
between labor. 
The work is the sun around which

3054
02:53:44,100 --> 02:53:48,800
everything else orbits. 
It provides structure it imposes

3055
02:53:48,800 --> 02:53:51,600
order. 
It defines the boundaries of 

3056
02:53:51,600 --> 02:53:54,900
daily life. 
There's a kind of security in 

3057
02:53:54,900 --> 02:53:58,000
this structure even if it's 
harsh, you know what to 

3058
02:53:58,000 --> 02:54:00,400
expected? 
You know, what will happen each 

3059
02:54:00,400 --> 02:54:03,300
day? 
The predictive ability can be 

3060
02:54:03,300 --> 02:54:06,200
comforting when uncertainty 
feels more dangerous. 

3061
02:54:07,100 --> 02:54:10,700
The routine might be exhausting,
but at least it's familiar. 

3062
02:54:11,800 --> 02:54:16,100
At least its known the goods. 
You produce move on to other 

3063
02:54:16,100 --> 02:54:18,700
places. 
You rarely see the finished 

3064
02:54:18,700 --> 02:54:23,100
products in use your 
contribution is one small piece 

3065
02:54:23,100 --> 02:54:25,400
of a larger hole. 
The thread. 

3066
02:54:25,400 --> 02:54:29,300
You spin becomes fabric, the 
part you assemble becomes a 

3067
02:54:29,308 --> 02:54:32,300
machine. 
The item you pack is shipped 

3068
02:54:32,300 --> 02:54:34,800
away. 
You don't know where it goes or 

3069
02:54:34,800 --> 02:54:38,500
who uses it. 
The work is abstract in that way

3070
02:54:38,500 --> 02:54:41,700
disconnected from its end 
purpose. 

3071
02:54:42,600 --> 02:54:45,300
Yet, there's a quiet pride in 
the making. 

3072
02:54:46,200 --> 02:54:50,108
You can point to a stack of 
Finnish pieces and say you did 

3073
02:54:50,116 --> 02:54:52,900
that. 
Your hands created something 

3074
02:54:52,900 --> 02:54:56,400
tangible. 
It exists because you performed 

3075
02:54:56,400 --> 02:55:00,000
your tasks. 
The Pride isn't loud or 

3076
02:55:00,000 --> 02:55:05,400
celebrated, but it's there. 
A small anchor of meaning in the

3077
02:55:05,400 --> 02:55:09,000
repetition the community of 
workers becomes a kind of 

3078
02:55:09,000 --> 02:55:11,800
extended family. 
Even if you don't know 

3079
02:55:11,800 --> 02:55:16,900
everyone's names, you share the 
same experience, the same 

3080
02:55:16,900 --> 02:55:21,300
exhaustion, the same small, 
victories and frustrations. 

3081
02:55:22,300 --> 02:55:26,000
When someone is struggling, 
others notice help is offered in

3082
02:55:26,000 --> 02:55:31,200
practical ways, a shared meal, a
kind word assistance with a 

3083
02:55:31,200 --> 02:55:34,500
heavy load. 
These gestures are simple, but 

3084
02:55:34,500 --> 02:55:39,400
significant. over time you 
develop a reputation, not based 

3085
02:55:39,400 --> 02:55:44,200
on Grand achievements but on 
consistently Showing up every 

3086
02:55:44,200 --> 02:55:48,400
day, completing your tasks 
without complaint being 

3087
02:55:48,400 --> 02:55:52,800
reliable. 
This reliability is valued, it's

3088
02:55:52,800 --> 02:55:56,100
what keeps the whole system 
functioning everyone is doing 

3089
02:55:56,100 --> 02:55:58,800
their part. 
Everyone contributing to the 

3090
02:55:58,800 --> 02:56:03,400
continuity. 
The years pass measured not in 

3091
02:56:03,400 --> 02:56:07,700
dramatic events, but in 
accumulated days, you grow older

3092
02:56:07,700 --> 02:56:12,100
within the Rhythm, your body 
wears down slowly, the work 

3093
02:56:12,100 --> 02:56:15,700
takes its toll, but you can 
continue because that's what 

3094
02:56:15,700 --> 02:56:18,300
there is. 
The routine sustains. 

3095
02:56:18,300 --> 02:56:21,800
You even as it drains you it 
provides purpose. 

3096
02:56:21,800 --> 02:56:25,700
However small the Industrial Age
is built on this quiet. 

3097
02:56:25,700 --> 02:56:30,100
Continuity. 
Not on heroic individuals but on

3098
02:56:30,100 --> 02:56:33,300
countless people performing 
countless small tasks. 

3099
02:56:33,300 --> 02:56:39,000
Each person a thread in the 
fabric each day, A Stitch in the

3100
02:56:39,000 --> 02:56:43,200
weave The strength of the whole 
comes from the Persistence of 

3101
02:56:43,200 --> 02:56:47,100
the parts. 
You're one of those parts, your 

3102
02:56:47,100 --> 02:56:50,500
contribution matters, precisely 
because it's part of a larger 

3103
02:56:50,500 --> 02:56:54,500
pattern, The evening, you return
home to night is like every 

3104
02:56:54,500 --> 02:56:56,900
other evening. 
Walk is familiar. 

3105
02:56:56,900 --> 02:57:00,800
The streets of the same. 
Your logging hasn't changed. 

3106
02:57:00,800 --> 02:57:03,700
You remove your work clothes and
wash your hands. 

3107
02:57:03,700 --> 02:57:08,500
You sit at the table and eat 
simple food, you rest as best 

3108
02:57:08,500 --> 02:57:12,400
you can The routine wraps around
you, like a warm blanket. 

3109
02:57:13,600 --> 02:57:18,200
Familiar expected. 
As you prepare for bed, you 

3110
02:57:18,200 --> 02:57:22,000
think briefly about tomorrow, 
another early morning, another 

3111
02:57:22,000 --> 02:57:24,300
shift. 
Another day in the long 

3112
02:57:24,300 --> 02:57:28,200
succession of days, the thought 
could be discouraging. 

3113
02:57:28,200 --> 02:57:34,400
But tonight is just a fact. 
This is what you do, this is 

3114
02:57:34,400 --> 02:57:38,100
what your life is and within 
that reality, you found ways to 

3115
02:57:38,100 --> 02:57:42,300
endure. 
Small Comforts brief moments of 

3116
02:57:42,300 --> 02:57:44,800
rest. 
The knowledge that you're not 

3117
02:57:44,800 --> 02:57:47,900
alone in it, you lie down in the
same bed. 

3118
02:57:47,900 --> 02:57:52,000
You've slept in countless 
nights, The mattress dips in the

3119
02:57:52,000 --> 02:57:55,500
same place as the pillow 
flattens under your head. 

3120
02:57:55,500 --> 02:57:58,800
In the familiar way. 
You pull the blanket up and 

3121
02:57:58,800 --> 02:58:02,800
close your eyes. 
Outside the town settles in to 

3122
02:58:02,800 --> 02:58:06,900
its own rest. 
Factories whom the streets are 

3123
02:58:06,900 --> 02:58:10,300
empty. 
The night deepens sleep will 

3124
02:58:10,300 --> 02:58:12,200
come soon. 
It always does. 

3125
02:58:12,200 --> 02:58:18,100
And when morning arrives you'll 
wait and begin again not because

3126
02:58:18,100 --> 02:58:22,300
it's easy not because it's what 
you would choose if all choices 

3127
02:58:22,300 --> 02:58:26,500
were available but because this 
is the life you're living and 

3128
02:58:26,500 --> 02:58:29,000
you've learned to live it. 
One day. 

3129
02:58:29,800 --> 02:58:33,300
One shift. 
One small task at a time. 

3130
02:58:34,100 --> 02:58:36,500
The continuity isn't loud or 
celebrated? 

3131
02:58:36,500 --> 02:58:41,900
Its quiet, patient enduring, 
it's a sound of footsteps on 

3132
02:58:41,900 --> 02:58:46,400
cobblestones the hum of machines
the rhythm of breath and sleep. 

3133
02:58:47,100 --> 02:58:50,900
It's the steady unglamorous. 
Persistence that builds 

3134
02:58:50,900 --> 02:58:55,000
societies and shapes errors. 
It's the work of millions of 

3135
02:58:55,000 --> 02:58:59,600
hands yours among them moving 
through time with neither 

3136
02:58:59,600 --> 02:59:04,400
Fanfare, nor recognition, just 
the simple profound Act of 

3137
02:59:04,400 --> 02:59:10,100
continuing day after day year, 
after year until the pattern is 

3138
02:59:10,100 --> 02:59:12,600
woven. 
So tightly it becomes the fabric

3139
02:59:12,600 --> 02:59:17,700
of an age and so you rest 
Knowing that tomorrow will come.

3140
02:59:18,600 --> 02:59:22,000
Knowing that you'll meet it. 
Knowing that the Rhythm will 

3141
02:59:22,000 --> 02:59:25,900
hold you as it has held you 
before and will hold you again. 

3142
02:59:26,700 --> 02:59:30,300
The industrial world turns on 
this quiet continuity. 

3143
02:59:31,400 --> 02:59:36,200
And you in your small corner of 
it, a part of what makes it 

3144
02:59:36,200 --> 02:59:37,900
turn. 
Sleep. 

3145
02:59:37,900 --> 02:59:44,600
Well, the day is done, the 
worker Waits. but for now there 

3146
02:59:44,600 --> 02:59:48,000
is only rest and the gentle 
certainty that you will rise 

3147
02:59:48,000 --> 02:59:58,900
again when morning comes Welcome
to Tudor England, where the 

3148
02:59:58,900 --> 03:00:01,500
approach of Darkness meant 
something entirely different 

3149
03:00:01,500 --> 03:00:06,000
than it does today. 
Between 1485 and 1603. 

3150
03:00:06,000 --> 03:00:10,500
When the sun set over thatched 
cottages and manor, houses alike

3151
03:00:10,500 --> 03:00:14,900
and entire ritual, unfolded, 
that shaped how people rested 

3152
03:00:14,900 --> 03:00:18,500
dreamed and greeted. 
Each new day to night. 

3153
03:00:18,500 --> 03:00:22,400
Will explore the intimate world 
of Tudor sleep from the moment. 

3154
03:00:22,400 --> 03:00:26,700
Twilight descended to the first 
stir in of dawn discovering, how

3155
03:00:26,700 --> 03:00:31,200
your ancestors found, rest in an
era without electricity central 

3156
03:00:31,200 --> 03:00:34,100
heating or any of the modern 
Comforts, we take for granted 

3157
03:00:34,100 --> 03:00:36,500
now. 
Imagine if you will yourself 

3158
03:00:36,500 --> 03:00:40,100
standing in a Tudor Marketplace,
on a September after noon, and 

3159
03:00:40,100 --> 03:00:43,600
the light is already changing. 
The sun, hangs lower the nude, 

3160
03:00:43,600 --> 03:00:47,900
expect for 4:00 casting Long 
Shadows across the cobblestones 

3161
03:00:47,900 --> 03:00:50,600
around. 
You Merchants are packing up 

3162
03:00:50,600 --> 03:00:52,400
their stalls with increasing 
urgency. 

3163
03:00:52,400 --> 03:00:56,600
And you realized this isn't just
about closing shop, it's about 

3164
03:00:56,600 --> 03:01:00,000
getting home before the darkness
arrives in Earnest in Tudor, 

3165
03:01:00,000 --> 03:01:02,700
England, and Nightfall wasn't 
simply an inconvenience to be 

3166
03:01:02,700 --> 03:01:06,500
conquered with a switch it 
represented a fundamental shift 

3167
03:01:06,500 --> 03:01:11,400
in how life operated your body 
if you'd lived in this era would

3168
03:01:11,400 --> 03:01:14,100
have been attuned to the sun's 
movements in ways that modern 

3169
03:01:14,100 --> 03:01:18,800
humans have largely forgotten. 
The pineal gland in your brain 

3170
03:01:18,800 --> 03:01:22,900
responding to decreasing light 
would begin releasing melatonin 

3171
03:01:22,900 --> 03:01:26,900
much earlier than it does today.
Sometimes, as early as mid after

3172
03:01:26,900 --> 03:01:30,700
noon, in winter months, the 
phrase close of Day held literal

3173
03:01:30,700 --> 03:01:34,500
weight shops, shuttered, their 
Windows families, gathered their

3174
03:01:34,500 --> 03:01:37,400
children from Play. 
Even livestock seem to 

3175
03:01:37,400 --> 03:01:40,400
understand the approaching 
transition making their way 

3176
03:01:40,400 --> 03:01:42,100
towards Barnes without much 
prompting. 

3177
03:01:43,400 --> 03:01:45,700
This wasn't fear, exactly, 
though. 

3178
03:01:45,700 --> 03:01:48,800
Nighttime did carry legitimate 
concerned about safety and 

3179
03:01:48,800 --> 03:01:52,200
navigation. 
Rather it was acceptance of a 

3180
03:01:52,200 --> 03:01:55,000
natural Rhythm that. 
Governed everything from work 

3181
03:01:55,000 --> 03:01:57,800
schedule to meal times to social
Gatherings. 

3182
03:01:57,800 --> 03:02:00,800
As you walk through a Tudor town
at dusk. 

3183
03:02:00,800 --> 03:02:04,100
You'd notice the sounds changing
the hammering from the 

3184
03:02:04,100 --> 03:02:08,200
blacksmith's Forge false silent.
The calls of Street vendors Fade

3185
03:02:08,200 --> 03:02:11,000
Away in their place. 
Comes a different acoustic 

3186
03:02:11,000 --> 03:02:13,900
landscape. 
The settling of Timber frames as

3187
03:02:13,900 --> 03:02:16,600
building's. 
Cool, the distant bleeding of 

3188
03:02:16,600 --> 03:02:19,600
sheep, being penned for the 
night and the closest sounds of 

3189
03:02:19,608 --> 03:02:21,500
families moving inside their 
homes. 

3190
03:02:22,400 --> 03:02:24,200
Someone nearby is bringing in 
firewood. 

3191
03:02:24,200 --> 03:02:27,500
The logs clunking against each 
other, with that particular 

3192
03:02:27,500 --> 03:02:29,500
Hollow sound. 
That means they've been drying 

3193
03:02:29,500 --> 03:02:33,200
all summer the smell of cooking 
fires intensifies. 

3194
03:02:33,200 --> 03:02:36,100
As you pass houses, where supper
preparations are underway. 

3195
03:02:36,900 --> 03:02:41,100
Smoke curls from chimneys. 
Relatively new feature in Tudor 

3196
03:02:41,100 --> 03:02:42,900
times. 
Actually, there's many older 

3197
03:02:42,900 --> 03:02:45,700
buildings still relied on 
Central halves with holes in the

3198
03:02:45,708 --> 03:02:48,600
roof. 
The aroma tells you what's for 

3199
03:02:48,600 --> 03:02:52,400
dinner in a dozen homes pottage 
made with whatever vegetables 

3200
03:02:52,400 --> 03:02:55,200
came from the garden. 
Perhaps some salted pork. 

3201
03:02:55,200 --> 03:02:58,800
If it's a household with means 
and bread, baking on half stones

3202
03:02:58,800 --> 03:03:02,200
for tomorrow's breakfast, your 
own household, assuming your 

3203
03:03:02,200 --> 03:03:05,400
neither wealthy or destitute 
operates on a predictable 

3204
03:03:05,400 --> 03:03:08,200
schedule. 
Supper happens while this still 

3205
03:03:08,200 --> 03:03:09,800
enough natural light to see your
food. 

3206
03:03:09,800 --> 03:03:12,600
Clearly not out of preference 
but necessity. 

3207
03:03:13,500 --> 03:03:16,700
Candles and rough like cost 
money and you'll need them for 

3208
03:03:16,700 --> 03:03:19,100
the essential tasks. 
That must happen after dark. 

3209
03:03:20,100 --> 03:03:22,100
The tower rush like sputter and 
smoke. 

3210
03:03:22,100 --> 03:03:25,800
Giving off a smell that visitors
from our time would find 

3211
03:03:25,800 --> 03:03:29,200
unpleasant, but that Tudor knows
his barely registered. 

3212
03:03:30,100 --> 03:03:33,700
These were decorative elements 
but practical tools jealously 

3213
03:03:33,700 --> 03:03:36,900
guarded and carefully. 
Rationed children are already 

3214
03:03:36,900 --> 03:03:40,400
showing signs of drowsiness much
earlier than modern kids would 

3215
03:03:41,100 --> 03:03:44,800
Without the stimulation of 
screens or Bright Lights their 

3216
03:03:44,800 --> 03:03:47,000
circadian rhythms, follow 
ancient patterns. 

3217
03:03:47,700 --> 03:03:49,300
You might see a 5 year old 
rubbing. 

3218
03:03:49,300 --> 03:03:52,800
Her eyes 6:00 ready for bed. 
Long before the adults will 

3219
03:03:52,800 --> 03:03:55,800
retire. 
This isn't considered unusual or

3220
03:03:55,800 --> 03:03:59,000
problematic. 
It's simply how children are the

3221
03:03:59,000 --> 03:04:01,800
transition from day to night. 
Carried a certain Comfort 

3222
03:04:01,800 --> 03:04:05,000
despite its challenges. 
There was predictability in the 

3223
03:04:05,000 --> 03:04:07,400
routine. 
A sense that you were doing what

3224
03:04:07,400 --> 03:04:09,300
countless Generations before you
had done. 

3225
03:04:10,100 --> 03:04:12,900
As Darkness settled more 
completely over the town, you'd 

3226
03:04:12,900 --> 03:04:16,100
begin moving through the rituals
that prepare both house and body

3227
03:04:16,100 --> 03:04:19,700
for Sleep rituals that were as 
much about psychological 

3228
03:04:19,700 --> 03:04:23,800
preparation as physical assess. 
Chapter 2, the bed chamber 

3229
03:04:23,800 --> 03:04:26,600
itself. 
Let's step into a typical Tudor 

3230
03:04:26,600 --> 03:04:29,200
bedroom, though. 
Typical covers a wide range 

3231
03:04:29,200 --> 03:04:32,700
depending on social status. 
Will start with a middling 

3232
03:04:32,700 --> 03:04:36,100
household prosperous enough to 
have separate sleeping quarters 

3233
03:04:36,100 --> 03:04:39,000
but far from the elaborate 
Arrangements of nobility. 

3234
03:04:39,900 --> 03:04:44,000
Climb a narrow wooden staircase.
Your hand trailing along, a wall

3235
03:04:44,008 --> 03:04:48,100
made of wattle and daub. 
Woven sticks covered with a 

3236
03:04:48,100 --> 03:04:53,900
mixture of mud, clay and straw. 
The texture onto your fingers is

3237
03:04:53,900 --> 03:04:56,700
rough, but solid cool to the 
touch. 

3238
03:04:57,600 --> 03:05:00,900
At the top, you duck slightly 
through a doorway built for 

3239
03:05:00,900 --> 03:05:03,400
people who averaged several 
inches shorter than modern 

3240
03:05:03,400 --> 03:05:06,400
humans though not quite as short
as myth would have it. 

3241
03:05:07,400 --> 03:05:10,200
The average Tudor man, stood 
around 5 foot 7. 

3242
03:05:10,200 --> 03:05:14,400
The average woman about five 
foot two, the bed chamber isn't 

3243
03:05:14,400 --> 03:05:16,800
large. 
In fact, it strikes you as 

3244
03:05:16,800 --> 03:05:20,900
remarkably small by contemporary
standards, 10 feet by 12 feet, 

3245
03:05:20,900 --> 03:05:24,100
and it serves multiple purposes 
Beyond sleeping. 

3246
03:05:24,900 --> 03:05:29,000
Against one wall stands, the bed
itself, the rooms most valuable 

3247
03:05:29,000 --> 03:05:32,900
piece of furniture and quite 
possibly the most expensive 

3248
03:05:32,900 --> 03:05:34,400
item. 
The family owns. 

3249
03:05:35,200 --> 03:05:38,100
This isn't a mattress on a frame
from a furniture store. 

3250
03:05:38,800 --> 03:05:42,200
This is a substantial wooden 
structure built to last 

3251
03:05:42,200 --> 03:05:43,700
Generations. 
That will be mentioned 

3252
03:05:43,700 --> 03:05:47,200
specifically in the owners. 
Will the bed frame Rises higher 

3253
03:05:47,200 --> 03:05:49,700
off the floor than you'd expect 
roughly three feet up. 

3254
03:05:49,700 --> 03:05:53,300
There's practical reasoning 
here, elevation provides 

3255
03:05:53,300 --> 03:05:56,600
protection from floor drafts. 
And from the various creatures 

3256
03:05:56,600 --> 03:05:58,800
that might wander across the 
floorboards at night. 

3257
03:05:59,600 --> 03:06:03,400
The space underneath serves a 
storage for chests boxes and 

3258
03:06:03,400 --> 03:06:06,500
sometimes even a trundle bed 
that pulls out for children or 

3259
03:06:06,500 --> 03:06:08,600
servants. 
What catches your attention? 

3260
03:06:08,600 --> 03:06:11,900
Most is the bed itself, 
particularly the mattress 

3261
03:06:11,900 --> 03:06:15,200
situation which operates on a 
principle of layering that would

3262
03:06:15,200 --> 03:06:19,100
make perfect sense to anyone who
understands Insulation at the 

3263
03:06:19,100 --> 03:06:21,200
base. 
It's a canvas sack stuffed with 

3264
03:06:21,200 --> 03:06:25,600
straw quite firmly packed. 
This Foundation layer gets 

3265
03:06:25,600 --> 03:06:29,000
replaced seasonally. 
Fresh straw and Autumn brought a

3266
03:06:29,000 --> 03:06:32,400
particular satisfaction like the
feeling of new rushes on the 

3267
03:06:32,400 --> 03:06:36,600
floor or a newly thatched roof. 
On top of this lies, a second 

3268
03:06:36,600 --> 03:06:40,200
mattress thinner, and stuffed 
with wool, if the household can 

3269
03:06:40,200 --> 03:06:44,200
afford it or more straw mixed 
with dried herbs, if they can't,

3270
03:06:44,200 --> 03:06:48,300
the term mattress itself comes 
from the Arabic word, meaning to

3271
03:06:48,300 --> 03:06:51,900
throw referring to the cushions 
thrown on the floor for 

3272
03:06:51,900 --> 03:06:55,100
sleeping. 
But Tudor beds at evolved. 

3273
03:06:55,100 --> 03:06:58,600
Well beyond floor cushion. 
Incorporating Knowledge from 

3274
03:06:58,600 --> 03:07:01,600
Continental, Craftsman about 
comfort and construction. 

3275
03:07:02,500 --> 03:07:05,800
A well-made bed represented a 
significant investment. 

3276
03:07:05,800 --> 03:07:10,500
Perhaps three months of wages 
for a laborer bed, curtains, 

3277
03:07:10,500 --> 03:07:13,800
hang from a wooden frame, and 
these serve purposes that are 

3278
03:07:13,800 --> 03:07:18,000
modern heated bedrooms don't 
require Heavy wool or linen. 

3279
03:07:18,000 --> 03:07:20,800
Curtains sometimes lined with 
additional fabric for winter, 

3280
03:07:20,800 --> 03:07:25,800
create a room within a room. 
When drawn, they trap body heat 

3281
03:07:25,800 --> 03:07:29,700
and provide genuine privacy, and
homeware privacy was scarce. 

3282
03:07:30,500 --> 03:07:33,500
The curtains also block drafts 
that slip through shuttered 

3283
03:07:33,500 --> 03:07:36,900
windows and gaps and walls 
making the enclosed space, 

3284
03:07:36,900 --> 03:07:38,900
several degrees warmer than the 
outer room. 

3285
03:07:38,900 --> 03:07:41,000
The curtains aren't purely 
functional. 

3286
03:07:41,000 --> 03:07:44,900
They carry social meaning too. 
Their quality and decoration. 

3287
03:07:44,900 --> 03:07:48,600
And now status to anyone who 
enters the room, Wealthy 

3288
03:07:48,600 --> 03:07:51,800
households might have curtains 
embroidered with family crests 

3289
03:07:51,800 --> 03:07:55,100
or biblical scenes. 
Middling families, might add 

3290
03:07:55,100 --> 03:07:58,200
simple, geometric patterns, or 
contrasting colored trim. 

3291
03:07:59,100 --> 03:08:02,500
Even modest households try to 
manage something Beyond plain 

3292
03:08:02,500 --> 03:08:06,500
undyed fabric. 
The apps adding bands of color 

3293
03:08:06,500 --> 03:08:09,500
at the edges or simple 
embroidered flowers near the 

3294
03:08:09,500 --> 03:08:13,100
opening bed, linens, tell 
another story about Tudor life. 

3295
03:08:13,900 --> 03:08:16,600
if your fortunate enough to have
sheets, they made of linen 

3296
03:08:16,600 --> 03:08:20,700
Hempel Flags woven into cloth 
that started out quite rough but

3297
03:08:20,700 --> 03:08:24,900
softened with repeated washing 
Cotton is exotic and expensive, 

3298
03:08:24,900 --> 03:08:31,000
imported from great distances. 
Silk is for the truly your 

3299
03:08:31,000 --> 03:08:33,100
sheets. 
Assuming you have them rather 

3300
03:08:33,100 --> 03:08:36,600
than sleeping directly on the 
wall mattress cover get washed 

3301
03:08:36,600 --> 03:08:39,900
perhaps once a month or every 
six weeks depending on the 

3302
03:08:39,900 --> 03:08:43,400
season and available water, the 
pillow under your head contains 

3303
03:08:43,400 --> 03:08:46,900
feathers, if you're prosperous 
or wool or buckwheat hulls, if 

3304
03:08:46,900 --> 03:08:49,800
you're not Multiple pillows are 
a luxury. 

3305
03:08:49,800 --> 03:08:53,800
Most people make do with one and
it's not unusual for two people.

3306
03:08:53,800 --> 03:08:57,500
Sharing a bed to share a single 
pillow as well. pillowcase 

3307
03:08:57,500 --> 03:09:00,700
called a pillow bear gets 
washed, more frequently than 

3308
03:09:00,700 --> 03:09:04,200
sheets, because your face 
touches it, nightly blankets and

3309
03:09:04,200 --> 03:09:07,400
coverlets complete, the bedding 
and here again, we see that 

3310
03:09:07,400 --> 03:09:11,400
principle of layering a linen 
sheet, goes over the sleeper, 

3311
03:09:11,400 --> 03:09:16,100
then on wool blanket, its then, 
perhaps a coverlet, a decorative

3312
03:09:16,100 --> 03:09:19,300
woven or embroidered covering 
that as much about display as 

3313
03:09:19,300 --> 03:09:22,000
warmth. 
In Winter, you might have a 

3314
03:09:22,008 --> 03:09:25,200
Furrow added to the pile rabbit 
or lambskin. 

3315
03:09:25,200 --> 03:09:28,900
If your moderately prosperous or
expensive, imported Furs, if 

3316
03:09:28,908 --> 03:09:31,100
your wealthy. 
The room contains other 

3317
03:09:31,100 --> 03:09:33,400
Furniture though, not much by 
modern standards. 

3318
03:09:34,600 --> 03:09:37,800
Chess at the foot of the bed 
holding clothing and linens. 

3319
03:09:38,800 --> 03:09:41,400
This chest probably traveled 
here with the wife when she 

3320
03:09:41,400 --> 03:09:44,600
married as part of her Dowry and
it might be the only piece of 

3321
03:09:44,600 --> 03:09:47,500
furniture. 
She truly owns outright a small 

3322
03:09:47,508 --> 03:09:51,000
table near the bed, holds a 
candle in a holder Perhaps a 

3323
03:09:51,008 --> 03:09:53,700
couple of water or ale or maybe 
a prayer book. 

3324
03:09:53,700 --> 03:09:57,200
If the household is literate and
devout enough to own one pegs on

3325
03:09:57,208 --> 03:10:00,200
the wall, hold clothing. 
The concept of a closet or 

3326
03:10:00,200 --> 03:10:02,600
wardrobe belongs mainly to the 
very wealthy. 

3327
03:10:02,600 --> 03:10:05,900
Your few garments. 
Hang on these wooden pegs and 

3328
03:10:05,900 --> 03:10:08,900
you're careful with them because
cloth represents significant 

3329
03:10:08,900 --> 03:10:12,200
expense and labor. 
That wall gown hanging by the 

3330
03:10:12,200 --> 03:10:16,000
door, took a shepherd's year of 
work, a sheerer skill, a spinner

3331
03:10:16,000 --> 03:10:20,300
as ours at the wheel, a Weaver's
time at the loom and a Tailor's,

3332
03:10:20,300 --> 03:10:22,000
expertise with needle and 
thread. 

3333
03:10:22,000 --> 03:10:26,100
You don't treat it carelessly, 
the floor might be wood planks 

3334
03:10:26,100 --> 03:10:29,100
or packed Earth depending on the
House's age and the owners 

3335
03:10:29,100 --> 03:10:33,200
means, either way, it's covered 
with Russia's long grasses 

3336
03:10:33,200 --> 03:10:36,500
strewn across the surface that 
serves as a combination Floor, 

3337
03:10:36,500 --> 03:10:39,800
Covering insulation and waste 
absorption system. 

3338
03:10:40,800 --> 03:10:45,000
Fresh rushes smell green and 
pleasant old rushes due for 

3339
03:10:45,000 --> 03:10:48,400
changing smell of all the things
that have fallen into them over 

3340
03:10:48,408 --> 03:10:52,100
weeks or months. 
You'd notice it immediately, but

3341
03:10:52,100 --> 03:10:55,200
Judah noses were acclimated to 
organic smells that modern 

3342
03:10:55,200 --> 03:10:59,100
sensibilities, find challenging 
a window quite small by modern 

3343
03:10:59,100 --> 03:11:03,200
standards sits high in one wall,
it has shutters, but no glass, 

3344
03:11:03,200 --> 03:11:06,800
glass windows, remain expensive,
and mainly appear in the homes 

3345
03:11:06,800 --> 03:11:10,300
of the wealthy or in churches. 
When shutters closed at night, 

3346
03:11:10,300 --> 03:11:13,500
they block wind and rain but 
also all light and fresh air. 

3347
03:11:14,200 --> 03:11:16,900
So there's a constant 
negotiation between warmth and 

3348
03:11:16,908 --> 03:11:20,100
ventilation between security and
stuffiness. 

3349
03:11:20,100 --> 03:11:24,100
The walls might have a religious
image or two would block prints 

3350
03:11:24,100 --> 03:11:28,400
of Saints or affordable even for
modest households The crucifix 

3351
03:11:28,400 --> 03:11:31,900
hangs near the bed placed where 
you'll see it lasting at night. 

3352
03:11:31,900 --> 03:11:34,700
And first thing in the morning, 
a reminder of spiritual 

3353
03:11:34,700 --> 03:11:37,200
protection during the vulnerable
hours of sleep. 

3354
03:11:37,200 --> 03:11:41,300
This room represents safety, 
privacy and rest in a world 

3355
03:11:41,300 --> 03:11:43,000
where all three are precious 
Commodities. 

3356
03:11:43,000 --> 03:11:47,100
It's not merely a place to 
sleep, but a sanctuary from the 

3357
03:11:47,100 --> 03:11:50,500
demand of daylight, the 
observation of neighbors, and 

3358
03:11:50,500 --> 03:11:54,400
the requirements of work. 
Within these walls, with those 

3359
03:11:54,400 --> 03:11:58,200
curtains drawn, you can be 
simply yourself, free 

3360
03:11:58,200 --> 03:12:01,400
temporarily from the social 
roles next expectations that 

3361
03:12:01,400 --> 03:12:04,800
govern behavior in the public 
sphere chapter 3, who sleeps, 

3362
03:12:04,800 --> 03:12:07,900
where the question of sleeping 
Arrangements in Tudor England, 

3363
03:12:07,900 --> 03:12:11,200
reveals, much about social 
structure, family, Dynamics, and

3364
03:12:11,200 --> 03:12:14,700
practical necessities. 
The modern assumption that each 

3365
03:12:14,700 --> 03:12:18,900
person deserves their own bed. 
Let alone their own room would 

3366
03:12:18,900 --> 03:12:22,500
strike tutor Minds as bizarre 
and rather wasteful in your 

3367
03:12:22,508 --> 03:12:24,600
middling household. 
The sleeping Arrangements. 

3368
03:12:24,600 --> 03:12:28,100
Operate on a clear hierarchy, 
the master and Mistress of the 

3369
03:12:28,100 --> 03:12:30,100
house, share the main bed 
chamber. 

3370
03:12:30,100 --> 03:12:33,200
We've just explored this 
represents both privilege and 

3371
03:12:33,200 --> 03:12:35,700
responsibility their bed is the 
good one. 

3372
03:12:35,700 --> 03:12:37,800
Yes. 
But there are also expected to 

3373
03:12:37,800 --> 03:12:40,900
manage household Affairs, which 
means they might be woken by 

3374
03:12:40,908 --> 03:12:44,400
servants reporting problems at 
any our children sleeping 

3375
03:12:44,400 --> 03:12:46,200
Arrangements, depend on age and 
gender. 

3376
03:12:47,000 --> 03:12:50,100
Young children, regardless of 
sex, might share a bed in a 

3377
03:12:50,100 --> 03:12:53,000
separate chamber. 
If the house has one or sleep in

3378
03:12:53,000 --> 03:12:55,100
the same room as their parents 
and smaller homes. 

3379
03:12:56,200 --> 03:12:59,100
Trundle beds, slides under the 
main bed during the day and 

3380
03:12:59,100 --> 03:13:03,400
pulls out at night for children.
This works reasonably well until

3381
03:13:03,400 --> 03:13:06,200
the children reach a certain age
at which point gender 

3382
03:13:06,200 --> 03:13:09,400
segregation becomes important 
for modesty older. 

3383
03:13:09,400 --> 03:13:12,100
Boys, might sleep in an attic 
space or in an outbuilding. 

3384
03:13:12,100 --> 03:13:15,200
While older girls typically 
remain in the house, proper 

3385
03:13:15,200 --> 03:13:18,900
under closest supervision This 
isn't uniform across all 

3386
03:13:18,900 --> 03:13:22,400
households practical 
considerations often override 

3387
03:13:22,400 --> 03:13:25,400
ideal Arrangements. 
If you only have one chamber, 

3388
03:13:25,400 --> 03:13:28,300
everyone sleeps there, in 
whatever configuration makes 

3389
03:13:28,300 --> 03:13:31,200
sense, servants present. 
Another layer of sleeping 

3390
03:13:31,200 --> 03:13:34,800
Logistics in larger households 
servants, might have their own 

3391
03:13:34,800 --> 03:13:38,600
quarters often, quite cramped 
Chambers in attics or over 

3392
03:13:38,600 --> 03:13:42,300
outbuildings. 
In smaller, establishments, a 

3393
03:13:42,300 --> 03:13:43,700
serving girl might sleep in the 
Kitchen. 

3394
03:13:43,700 --> 03:13:47,000
Near the dying fire or at the 
foot of her mistress's bed. 

3395
03:13:47,000 --> 03:13:50,200
Or in the same room with the 
children, she helps tend. 

3396
03:13:51,000 --> 03:13:55,700
Male servants might bed down in 
Stables, workshops or any 

3397
03:13:55,700 --> 03:13:59,600
available space that offers some
shelter, the concept of servants

3398
03:13:59,600 --> 03:14:02,700
sleeping in the same rooms as 
their employers strikes, modern 

3399
03:14:02,700 --> 03:14:06,800
sensibilities as strange, but 
Tudor households operated more 

3400
03:14:06,800 --> 03:14:10,400
communally than ours. 
Privacy was less about physical 

3401
03:14:10,400 --> 03:14:13,400
separation and more about social
understanding. 

3402
03:14:14,200 --> 03:14:17,300
You pretended not to notice 
certain things and others 

3403
03:14:17,300 --> 03:14:20,200
extended the same courtesy to 
you bed. 

3404
03:14:20,200 --> 03:14:24,000
Sharing was utterly normal 
across all social classes, two 

3405
03:14:24,000 --> 03:14:26,500
or three children. 
Commonly shared a bed and this 

3406
03:14:26,500 --> 03:14:29,300
Arrangement continued well into 
adulthood for unmarried 

3407
03:14:29,300 --> 03:14:32,600
siblings. 
Adult guests might share beds 

3408
03:14:32,600 --> 03:14:35,600
with household members of the 
same sex without anyone thinking

3409
03:14:35,600 --> 03:14:40,000
twice about it. 
When ins advertised beds, they 

3410
03:14:40,000 --> 03:14:43,500
often meant spaces in beds. 
Might find yourself sharing with

3411
03:14:43,500 --> 03:14:46,200
a stranger though. 
In Keepers, try to pair people 

3412
03:14:46,200 --> 03:14:50,000
of similar, apparent status, 
this proximity, didn't generally

3413
03:14:50,000 --> 03:14:55,000
carry romantic implications, 
bed, sharing was practical, beds

3414
03:14:55,000 --> 03:14:59,200
cost money bed, linens cost, 
money heating, multiple rooms 

3415
03:14:59,200 --> 03:15:02,500
cost money and besides shared 
body heat. 

3416
03:15:02,500 --> 03:15:05,600
Kept, everyone. 
Warmer people slept in their 

3417
03:15:05,600 --> 03:15:10,300
undergarments not naked as many 
modern people do, which provided

3418
03:15:10,300 --> 03:15:14,000
a basic layer of modesty. 
The wealthy had more options but

3419
03:15:14,000 --> 03:15:17,600
didn't necessarily chose 
solitude A nobleman and his wife

3420
03:15:17,600 --> 03:15:20,600
might have separate bed Chambers
but this was often about 

3421
03:15:20,600 --> 03:15:23,200
creating private spaces for 
entertaining, guests of their 

3422
03:15:23,200 --> 03:15:25,200
own sex rather than avoiding 
each other. 

3423
03:15:26,300 --> 03:15:28,800
The lady might receive female 
friends in her chamber. 

3424
03:15:28,800 --> 03:15:31,400
During the day. 
While the gentleman used his for

3425
03:15:31,400 --> 03:15:34,300
business meetings, or 
entertaining other men, great 

3426
03:15:34,300 --> 03:15:37,700
households had elaborate 
sleeping hierarchies, the Lord 

3427
03:15:37,700 --> 03:15:39,500
and Lady had their private 
Chambers. 

3428
03:15:39,500 --> 03:15:43,900
Yes, but these rooms opened onto
others, were personal servants, 

3429
03:15:43,900 --> 03:15:46,500
slept ready to assist at a 
moments, notice. 

3430
03:15:47,500 --> 03:15:51,000
A lady made Might sleep in a 
small chamber joining her Mrs. 

3431
03:15:51,000 --> 03:15:53,600
Room literally on call 
throughout the night. 

3432
03:15:55,100 --> 03:15:58,800
The gentleman's valet had 
similar Arrangements apprentices

3433
03:15:58,800 --> 03:16:01,800
in merchant or craft households 
presented their own sleeping 

3434
03:16:01,800 --> 03:16:04,100
puzzle. 
They were neither family nor 

3435
03:16:04,100 --> 03:16:07,800
exactly servants occupying an 
ambiguous middle status. 

3436
03:16:08,700 --> 03:16:11,300
Typically they slept in the 
workshop itself or in the 

3437
03:16:11,308 --> 03:16:14,900
chamber above it, the present 
serving partly, a security 

3438
03:16:14,900 --> 03:16:18,700
against theft, the relationship 
between master and Apprentice 

3439
03:16:18,700 --> 03:16:22,400
included and understanding that 
the master would provide bed and

3440
03:16:22,400 --> 03:16:24,600
board. 
So the apprentices sleeping 

3441
03:16:24,600 --> 03:16:28,100
Arrangements were part of the 
contract babies and very young 

3442
03:16:28,100 --> 03:16:30,100
children. 
Often slept in cradles near 

3443
03:16:30,100 --> 03:16:33,200
their parents bed, close enough,
that a mother could reach out 

3444
03:16:33,200 --> 03:16:34,900
and rock the cradle without 
getting up. 

3445
03:16:35,700 --> 03:16:38,400
Some cradles were designed to 
hook onto the main bed frame, 

3446
03:16:38,400 --> 03:16:41,200
keeping the infant literally 
within Arms Reach. 

3447
03:16:42,400 --> 03:16:45,300
Wet nurse is employed in 
wealthier families. 

3448
03:16:45,300 --> 03:16:47,900
Might sleep with the infant in a
separate room. 

3449
03:16:47,900 --> 03:16:51,100
Essentially, taking over 
nighttime parenting duties. 

3450
03:16:51,100 --> 03:16:54,000
So the mother could rest 
undisturbed the danger of 

3451
03:16:54,000 --> 03:16:56,200
overlaying, accidentally 
smothering. 

3452
03:16:56,200 --> 03:16:59,900
An infant while sleeping was 
well, recognized and genuinely 

3453
03:16:59,900 --> 03:17:03,100
feared. 
Some parishes kept records of 

3454
03:17:03,100 --> 03:17:06,100
these deaths and moralists 
preached against parents 

3455
03:17:06,100 --> 03:17:08,400
bringing babies into their beds 
though. 

3456
03:17:08,400 --> 03:17:11,500
Necessity often overload 
cautioning in cold weather or 

3457
03:17:11,500 --> 03:17:14,800
when a child was sick as 
children, grew their sleeping 

3458
03:17:14,800 --> 03:17:17,400
locations tracked, their 
increasing Independence and 

3459
03:17:17,400 --> 03:17:20,800
changing roles. 
A boy approaching apprenticeship

3460
03:17:20,800 --> 03:17:24,300
age might move out of the family
sleeping quarters as preparation

3461
03:17:24,300 --> 03:17:25,900
for his coming departure from 
home. 

3462
03:17:26,800 --> 03:17:29,800
A girl approaching marriageable 
age needed increased 

3463
03:17:29,800 --> 03:17:32,000
supervision. 
So her sleeping Arrangements 

3464
03:17:32,000 --> 03:17:33,800
might actually become less 
independent. 

3465
03:17:34,500 --> 03:17:37,900
Moving closer to parental 
oversight elderly, family 

3466
03:17:37,900 --> 03:17:40,200
members presented yet. 
Another consideration. 

3467
03:17:41,000 --> 03:17:43,700
Grandparents who could no longer
maintain their own households 

3468
03:17:43,700 --> 03:17:45,600
like move in with adult 
children. 

3469
03:17:45,600 --> 03:17:48,700
Requiring adjustments to 
sleeping Arrangements. 

3470
03:17:48,700 --> 03:17:51,600
A grandmother might share a bed 
with granddaughters. 

3471
03:17:51,600 --> 03:17:54,900
Both providing supervision and 
receiving care. 

3472
03:17:55,900 --> 03:17:58,400
A grandfather might bet down 
near the fire on the ground 

3473
03:17:58,400 --> 03:18:00,100
floor. 
If climbing stairs became 

3474
03:18:00,100 --> 03:18:03,700
difficult during play Gears or 
times of illness sleeping, 

3475
03:18:03,700 --> 03:18:06,700
Arrangement shifted 
dramatically, the sick were 

3476
03:18:06,700 --> 03:18:10,600
isolated as much as possible 
though, isolation in a Tudor 

3477
03:18:10,600 --> 03:18:12,000
house meant something different 
than it does. 

3478
03:18:12,000 --> 03:18:15,800
Now that sleeping alone in a 
chamber rather than sharing a 

3479
03:18:15,800 --> 03:18:19,300
bed with the door closed to 
contain contagious Vapors, that 

3480
03:18:19,300 --> 03:18:22,600
medical Theory, blamed for 
spreading disease seasonal, 

3481
03:18:22,600 --> 03:18:26,600
variations affected sleeping 
locations, too in summer, some 

3482
03:18:26,600 --> 03:18:29,500
people move their sleeping 
pallets to cooler locations, 

3483
03:18:29,500 --> 03:18:33,400
perhaps a chamber on the north 
side of the house or even into 

3484
03:18:33,400 --> 03:18:36,100
Guardians for the truly wealthy 
with secure properties. 

3485
03:18:37,200 --> 03:18:40,900
In Winter, everyone contracted 
into the warmest rooms accepting

3486
03:18:40,900 --> 03:18:44,700
crowding and exchange for warmth
all these Arrangements operated 

3487
03:18:44,700 --> 03:18:48,400
under unspoken rules about 
hierarchy modesty and mutual 

3488
03:18:48,400 --> 03:18:51,100
respect. 
You knew where you ranked in the

3489
03:18:51,108 --> 03:18:55,400
household by where you slept 
what you slept on and whom you 

3490
03:18:55,400 --> 03:18:58,800
slept near. 
The social order that structured

3491
03:18:58,800 --> 03:19:02,800
Waking, Life continued into the 
night reflected in, who got the 

3492
03:19:02,800 --> 03:19:05,900
good mattress, the wool blankets
and the spot. 

3493
03:19:05,900 --> 03:19:10,100
Father, this from drafty Windows
chapter 4 preparing for Sleep. 

3494
03:19:10,100 --> 03:19:13,600
The transition from Waking Life 
to sleep in tutoring and 

3495
03:19:13,600 --> 03:19:17,700
involved rituals both practical 
and spiritual series of actions 

3496
03:19:17,700 --> 03:19:20,900
that prepared body home and soul
for the vulnerable hours of 

3497
03:19:20,900 --> 03:19:24,300
Darkness, your evening routine 
begins, while some light Still 

3498
03:19:24,300 --> 03:19:27,300
Remains, first comes to the task
of securing the house. 

3499
03:19:27,300 --> 03:19:30,900
Checking the shutters are 
fastened doors, a barred, and 

3500
03:19:30,900 --> 03:19:35,000
anything valuable is put away. 
This isn't paranoia but prudent 

3501
03:19:35,000 --> 03:19:38,300
caution, without streetlights or
night, watches and smaller 

3502
03:19:38,300 --> 03:19:41,000
communities. 
Darkness provides cover for 

3503
03:19:41,000 --> 03:19:43,700
those with bad intentions. 
You check the fire. 

3504
03:19:43,700 --> 03:19:45,500
Making sure it's banked properly
for the night. 

3505
03:19:46,500 --> 03:19:49,800
Letting a fire go completely out
was a serious inconvenience. 

3506
03:19:49,800 --> 03:19:53,800
Requiring, you to either restart
it from scratch using flint and 

3507
03:19:53,800 --> 03:19:58,200
steel, a time-consuming process 
or send someone to a neighbor to

3508
03:19:58,200 --> 03:20:01,900
fetch live colds in the morning.
Most households kept fires 

3509
03:20:01,900 --> 03:20:05,600
burning continuously. 
Sometimes for years carefully 

3510
03:20:05,600 --> 03:20:09,500
maintained day and night banking
a fire involves covering the 

3511
03:20:09,500 --> 03:20:11,700
burning. 
Coals with ashes to slow 

3512
03:20:11,700 --> 03:20:14,400
combustion while keeping them 
alive until morning. 

3513
03:20:15,200 --> 03:20:19,100
It's a skill that takes practice
to get right too much Ash and 

3514
03:20:19,100 --> 03:20:23,100
you smother the fire completely 
too little and you burn through 

3515
03:20:23,100 --> 03:20:26,500
your wood stores. 
Wastefully a well banked fire. 

3516
03:20:26,500 --> 03:20:30,100
Should still show red Embers 
when uncovered at dawn ready to 

3517
03:20:30,100 --> 03:20:32,000
spring back to life with fresh 
wood? 

3518
03:20:32,000 --> 03:20:36,200
And a bit of bellows work, water
gets hold inside for mornings. 

3519
03:20:36,200 --> 03:20:38,900
If your house doesn't have an 
indoor, well or convenient, rain

3520
03:20:38,900 --> 03:20:41,800
barrel, In winter. 
This prevents you from having to

3521
03:20:41,800 --> 03:20:43,800
break ice to access water at 
dawn. 

3522
03:20:44,500 --> 03:20:47,800
A bucket or pitcher sits ready 
near the fire where the 

3523
03:20:47,800 --> 03:20:50,400
remaining heat keeps it from 
freezing solid in the coldest 

3524
03:20:50,400 --> 03:20:53,700
months prayers Foreman central 
part of the bed time routine 

3525
03:20:53,700 --> 03:20:57,100
even in households that aren't 
particularly devout during the 

3526
03:20:57,100 --> 03:21:00,400
day night time prayers. 
Serve important psychological 

3527
03:21:00,400 --> 03:21:03,000
functions. 
They Mark the transition from 

3528
03:21:03,000 --> 03:21:06,900
active to resting States. 
Invoke protection during the 

3529
03:21:06,900 --> 03:21:09,900
vulnerable hours of sleep and 
they reinforced, the moral 

3530
03:21:09,900 --> 03:21:13,300
framework that governs daily 
life in Catholic homes. 

3531
03:21:13,300 --> 03:21:16,700
Before the Reformation, the 
rosary might be recited as a 

3532
03:21:16,708 --> 03:21:19,600
family. 
After England breaks from Rome, 

3533
03:21:19,600 --> 03:21:23,400
Protestant prayers, replaced 
Catholic ones though, the basic 

3534
03:21:23,400 --> 03:21:26,500
Rhythm remained, similar a 
formal acknowledgment of 

3535
03:21:26,500 --> 03:21:29,000
dependence on Divine protection,
through the night. 

3536
03:21:29,900 --> 03:21:32,200
Children, learn prayers, 
specifically designed for 

3537
03:21:32,200 --> 03:21:35,500
bedtime asking angels to guard 
them while they sleep. 

3538
03:21:35,500 --> 03:21:38,000
Requesting. 
They wait to see another day. 

3539
03:21:38,000 --> 03:21:41,500
Personal hygiene before bed is 
less elaborate than modern 

3540
03:21:41,500 --> 03:21:45,500
routines, but not non-existent 
You might rinse your face and 

3541
03:21:45,500 --> 03:21:49,400
hands with water from a basin, 
using a cloth to wipe away the 

3542
03:21:49,400 --> 03:21:51,500
days, accumulation of dirt and 
sweat. 

3543
03:21:52,500 --> 03:21:55,900
Teeth cleaning when it happens, 
involves rubbing them with a 

3544
03:21:55,900 --> 03:22:00,300
cloth perhaps dipped in salt or 
a mixture of herbs, toothbrushes

3545
03:22:00,300 --> 03:22:04,300
exist but aren't common. 
Their novel items expensive and 

3546
03:22:04,300 --> 03:22:08,300
not yet considered essential 
hair gets attention especially 

3547
03:22:08,300 --> 03:22:11,800
for women. 
Long hair worn by most female's 

3548
03:22:11,800 --> 03:22:15,700
regardless of age needs brushing
or combing to remove Tangles and

3549
03:22:15,700 --> 03:22:17,300
debris accumulated during the 
day. 

3550
03:22:18,200 --> 03:22:22,000
This serves practical purposes, 
untangling is easier when done 

3551
03:22:22,000 --> 03:22:25,700
daily and aesthetic ones as 
women take pride in maintaining 

3552
03:22:25,700 --> 03:22:28,400
healthy hair, even though it 
remains covered in public 

3553
03:22:28,400 --> 03:22:30,700
nightclubs. 
And Tudor England aren't what 

3554
03:22:30,700 --> 03:22:33,400
you might imagine. 
There's no such thing as pajamas

3555
03:22:33,400 --> 03:22:36,200
in the modern sense. 
Instead you sleep in your 

3556
03:22:36,208 --> 03:22:39,900
undergarments your shift if 
you're a woman, your shirt. 

3557
03:22:39,900 --> 03:22:43,800
If you're a man, these linen 
garments worn under your outer 

3558
03:22:43,800 --> 03:22:47,200
closed during the day become 
nightwear after you remove 

3559
03:22:47,200 --> 03:22:49,800
everything else. 
They're washed more frequently 

3560
03:22:49,800 --> 03:22:53,400
than outer garments because they
absorb body oils and sweat 

3561
03:22:53,400 --> 03:22:56,000
directly. 
The wealthy might own specific 

3562
03:22:56,000 --> 03:22:58,100
sleeping shifts made of finer 
linen. 

3563
03:22:58,700 --> 03:23:01,600
But this is a luxury. 
Most people make do with the 

3564
03:23:01,600 --> 03:23:05,200
same undergarments day and night
perhaps changing them once or 

3565
03:23:05,200 --> 03:23:08,500
twice a week. 
More often in summer less often 

3566
03:23:08,500 --> 03:23:10,600
in winter when washing and 
drying laundry. 

3567
03:23:10,600 --> 03:23:13,000
Becomes more challenging 
nightcaps. 

3568
03:23:13,000 --> 03:23:15,300
Serve in Portland functions for 
women. 

3569
03:23:15,300 --> 03:23:18,400
They keep hair contained and 
cleaned for men and women, both 

3570
03:23:18,400 --> 03:23:21,600
they provide warmth. 
Substantial heater escapes 

3571
03:23:21,600 --> 03:23:24,800
through your head and a good 
linen or Wool Cap helps retain 

3572
03:23:24,800 --> 03:23:27,200
it. 
You know, more sleep without a 

3573
03:23:27,200 --> 03:23:30,200
nightcap than you'd sleep 
without a blanket, except 

3574
03:23:30,200 --> 03:23:33,000
perhaps during the hottest 
summer nights, checking on 

3575
03:23:33,000 --> 03:23:36,400
children becomes part of the 
evening routine, you make sure 

3576
03:23:36,400 --> 03:23:39,500
younger ones have relieved 
themselves chamber pots. 

3577
03:23:39,500 --> 03:23:43,600
Sit under beds or in corners for
nighttime use because venturing 

3578
03:23:43,600 --> 03:23:46,200
outside the privy and darkness 
isn't appealing. 

3579
03:23:46,200 --> 03:23:50,600
You settle any last minute needs
car, many fears about Darkness, 

3580
03:23:50,600 --> 03:23:53,700
or strange sounds and pull 
blankets up around small, 

3581
03:23:53,700 --> 03:23:56,400
shoulders in larger households 
servants. 

3582
03:23:56,400 --> 03:23:58,100
Perform, a final round of 
Duties. 

3583
03:23:58,100 --> 03:24:02,000
The empty chamber pots from the 
day, carry up pictures of water 

3584
03:24:02,000 --> 03:24:04,500
for more morning, make sure 
Rush, lights are safely, 

3585
03:24:04,500 --> 03:24:06,700
extinguished. 
And check that the households 

3586
03:24:06,700 --> 03:24:10,200
dog is inside, or outside, 
depending on its role guard, 

3587
03:24:10,200 --> 03:24:13,300
dog, stay outside and lap dogs. 
Come in somehow. 

3588
03:24:13,300 --> 03:24:16,500
Sold engaged in a practice 
called reading in bed though. 

3589
03:24:16,500 --> 03:24:19,500
This is limited to those who can
read and can afford candles or 

3590
03:24:19,500 --> 03:24:22,800
oil lamps. 
Religious texts are most common 

3591
03:24:22,800 --> 03:24:26,300
sums devotional works and lives 
of saints before the 

3592
03:24:26,300 --> 03:24:29,900
Reformation. 
Reading serves both spiritual 

3593
03:24:29,900 --> 03:24:33,200
edification and practical 
purposes as the ice training 

3594
03:24:33,200 --> 03:24:35,300
work of reading. 
By poor, light, naturally, 

3595
03:24:35,300 --> 03:24:38,900
induced his sleepiness 
conversation happens too though.

3596
03:24:38,900 --> 03:24:41,900
Not the late night discussions 
in the age of electric lights. 

3597
03:24:42,800 --> 03:24:46,200
Married couples might review the
days of events plan, tomorrow's 

3598
03:24:46,200 --> 03:24:49,100
tasks and discuss children or 
household concerns. 

3599
03:24:49,900 --> 03:24:53,500
But these talks wind down 
relatively quickly, candles cost

3600
03:24:53,500 --> 03:24:58,100
money and tomorrow begins early.
Finally, you climb into bed, a 

3601
03:24:58,100 --> 03:24:59,700
process that requires a bit of 
coordination. 

3602
03:24:59,700 --> 03:25:03,800
Given the beds height, Wooden 
steps or a small stool, might 

3603
03:25:03,800 --> 03:25:06,000
assist, or you simply clamber 
up. 

3604
03:25:06,600 --> 03:25:09,500
The bed curtains closed ceiling 
you into your private domain. 

3605
03:25:09,500 --> 03:25:13,000
The remaining light gets 
extinguished a rush, like, 

3606
03:25:13,000 --> 03:25:16,900
snuffed a candle blown out. 
Darkness settling completely the

3607
03:25:16,900 --> 03:25:18,500
bed itself. 
Fills different from Modern 

3608
03:25:18,500 --> 03:25:21,400
mattresses, it's firm. 
Not soft. 

3609
03:25:21,400 --> 03:25:24,700
And it conforms to your body's 
weight rather than cushioning 

3610
03:25:24,700 --> 03:25:27,700
you above it. 
The straw beneath Russells with 

3611
03:25:27,700 --> 03:25:30,800
every movement? 
The wool or linen against your 

3612
03:25:30,800 --> 03:25:34,700
skin, carries the smell of the 
household would smoke cooking. 

3613
03:25:35,300 --> 03:25:38,500
The herbs scattered amongst 
stored Linens and the general 

3614
03:25:38,500 --> 03:25:43,300
organic Center of daily life you
lie on your side most likely or 

3615
03:25:43,300 --> 03:25:47,100
on your back with knees bench. 
Sleeping positions recommended 

3616
03:25:47,100 --> 03:25:50,700
by medical authorities, who had 
opinions about, which positions 

3617
03:25:50,700 --> 03:25:54,100
promoted health and which 
encouraged bad dreams or 

3618
03:25:54,100 --> 03:25:56,900
illness. 
Whether people actually follow 

3619
03:25:56,900 --> 03:26:00,600
this advice is debatable, but 
the existence of such guidelines

3620
03:26:00,600 --> 03:26:04,000
shows that even sleep positions.
Carried, cultural meaning 

3621
03:26:04,000 --> 03:26:07,300
chapter 5, the pattern of two 
sleeps, one of the most 

3622
03:26:07,308 --> 03:26:09,600
surprising aspects of Tudor. 
Sleep habits. 

3623
03:26:09,600 --> 03:26:13,600
At least a modern Minds is the 
practice of segmented sleep. 

3624
03:26:14,400 --> 03:26:18,200
What historians call First, 
sleep and second sleep separated

3625
03:26:18,200 --> 03:26:20,800
by a quiet waking period, in the
middle of the night. 

3626
03:26:20,800 --> 03:26:25,500
You fall asleep shortly after 
full, Darkness arrives exhausted

3627
03:26:25,500 --> 03:26:27,800
from a day of physical labor or 
household management. 

3628
03:26:29,400 --> 03:26:33,400
First sleep comes easily your 
body surrendering to fatigue, 

3629
03:26:33,400 --> 03:26:37,800
melatonin flooding your system, 
unchecked by artificial light. 

3630
03:26:38,600 --> 03:26:42,800
You sleep deeply dreamless or 
with the vivid dreams that 

3631
03:26:42,800 --> 03:26:45,000
accompanied the first sleep 
cycles of the night. 

3632
03:26:45,000 --> 03:26:48,700
Then somewhere around midnight 
or one in the morning you wake 

3633
03:26:48,700 --> 03:26:51,700
up this isn't insomnia or a 
sleep disorder. 

3634
03:26:51,700 --> 03:26:55,000
It's a natural pattern 
documented across Europe in this

3635
03:26:55,000 --> 03:26:57,600
period. 
Your eyes open in the darkness 

3636
03:26:57,600 --> 03:27:01,800
and your mind, surfaces from 
sleep into a peculiar state of 

3637
03:27:01,800 --> 03:27:05,400
calm wakefulness. 
You're not anxious or Restless, 

3638
03:27:05,400 --> 03:27:09,100
You're simply awake. 
This quiet hour or two between 

3639
03:27:09,100 --> 03:27:11,900
sleep served various purposes in
Tudor life. 

3640
03:27:11,900 --> 03:27:16,100
Some people use it for prayer or
meditation considering it a 

3641
03:27:16,100 --> 03:27:19,900
spiritually significant time and
the barrier between Earthly and 

3642
03:27:19,900 --> 03:27:23,700
divine, might be thinner. 
Prayers during this interval, 

3643
03:27:23,700 --> 03:27:27,500
were thought to carry special 
power and some religious manuals

3644
03:27:27,500 --> 03:27:30,700
included, prayer, specifically 
designated for the midnight. 

3645
03:27:30,700 --> 03:27:34,000
Watch married, couples might use
this time for intimate 

3646
03:27:34,000 --> 03:27:37,400
conversation or love making. 
With children and servant 

3647
03:27:37,400 --> 03:27:39,900
sleeping with daily precious 
suspended. 

3648
03:27:39,900 --> 03:27:43,300
The interval between sleeps 
offered rare privacy. 

3649
03:27:44,100 --> 03:27:47,400
Medical texts from the period 
suggests this timing for marital

3650
03:27:47,400 --> 03:27:50,600
relations claiming that 
conception was more likely when 

3651
03:27:50,600 --> 03:27:53,100
the body was relaxed but not 
fully unconscious. 

3652
03:27:53,100 --> 03:27:57,200
Others simply like quietly 
thinking through problems or 

3653
03:27:57,200 --> 03:28:00,600
making mental plans. 
Without the distractions of 

3654
03:28:00,608 --> 03:28:02,800
daytime, no one calling your 
name. 

3655
03:28:02,800 --> 03:28:07,000
No tasks demanding attention, 
you could process the thoughts, 

3656
03:28:07,000 --> 03:28:10,600
more clearly Solutions to 
problems might emerge during 

3657
03:28:10,600 --> 03:28:14,200
these contemplative hours. 
Decisions that seemed impossible

3658
03:28:14,200 --> 03:28:17,000
in daylight might resolve 
themselves in the calm of 

3659
03:28:17,000 --> 03:28:19,600
midnight waking. 
Some people got up during this 

3660
03:28:19,600 --> 03:28:22,200
interval, moving through the 
dark house for practical 

3661
03:28:22,200 --> 03:28:24,600
reasons. 
You might need the chamber pot, 

3662
03:28:24,600 --> 03:28:28,500
you might check on a sick child 
or elderly parent, you might 

3663
03:28:28,508 --> 03:28:31,500
tend the fire adding a log. 
If the night was particularly 

3664
03:28:31,500 --> 03:28:34,300
cold, banking at more 
thoroughly, if you'd wake to 

3665
03:28:34,300 --> 03:28:37,500
find it burning too hot, the 
wealthy might like to candle and

3666
03:28:37,500 --> 03:28:40,200
read or write Diaries from the 
period. 

3667
03:28:40,200 --> 03:28:43,200
Sometimes mention thoughts 
recorded during the night, watch

3668
03:28:43,200 --> 03:28:47,700
letters might be composed 
accounts reviewed and poems. 

3669
03:28:47,700 --> 03:28:50,400
Drafted. 
Some of the errors literary 

3670
03:28:50,400 --> 03:28:54,000
output probably originated in 
these quiet midnight hours when 

3671
03:28:54,000 --> 03:28:57,200
creative thoughts float. 
Freely, you might simply lie 

3672
03:28:57,200 --> 03:29:00,300
there listening to the nighttime
soundscape of your house and 

3673
03:29:00,300 --> 03:29:03,300
neighborhood. 
In Winter, you'd hear the wind 

3674
03:29:03,300 --> 03:29:06,200
testing shutters. 
The Creeks of Timber adjusting 

3675
03:29:06,200 --> 03:29:09,400
to temperature changes and 
perhaps the scratch of mice in 

3676
03:29:09,400 --> 03:29:14,000
the walls, In summer, insects 
chirped, outside and birds 

3677
03:29:14,000 --> 03:29:17,100
called occasionally. 
Some species are more active at 

3678
03:29:17,100 --> 03:29:18,900
night than daylight dwellers 
realize. 

3679
03:29:19,500 --> 03:29:22,500
The practice of segmented, sleep
aligned with natural human 

3680
03:29:22,500 --> 03:29:26,200
physiology in ways that modern 
Consolidated, sleep, often does 

3681
03:29:26,200 --> 03:29:28,800
not. 
Without electric light to 

3682
03:29:28,800 --> 03:29:32,300
suppress melatonin production 
and without the stimulation of 

3683
03:29:32,300 --> 03:29:36,300
screens and entertainment. 
The body naturally settled into 

3684
03:29:36,300 --> 03:29:39,800
these two phase pattern, you 
weren't fighting your biology to

3685
03:29:39,800 --> 03:29:42,300
maintain it. 
You were simply following what 

3686
03:29:42,300 --> 03:29:46,000
your body did on its own. 
This interval rarely lasted more

3687
03:29:46,000 --> 03:29:50,200
than an hour or two gradually. 
You'd feel sleep returning that 

3688
03:29:50,200 --> 03:29:53,600
gentle tug of drowsiness that 
signaled your body was ready for

3689
03:29:53,600 --> 03:29:56,900
the second phase of rest. 
You'd settle back into your 

3690
03:29:56,900 --> 03:29:59,700
straw mattress. 
Pull the wool, blankets closer 

3691
03:29:59,700 --> 03:30:03,500
and slip into second sleep. 
Second sleep was different from 

3692
03:30:03,500 --> 03:30:06,500
first sleep. 
Lighter more prone to dreams and

3693
03:30:06,508 --> 03:30:09,600
easier to wake from. 
You might shift positions, more 

3694
03:30:09,600 --> 03:30:14,000
surface, briefly without fully 
waking and experience the Vivid 

3695
03:30:14,000 --> 03:30:16,800
narrative dreams that happen in 
the later sleep cycles. 

3696
03:30:16,800 --> 03:30:19,800
Medical authorities. 
Believed second sleep was when 

3697
03:30:19,800 --> 03:30:21,900
the body completed its 
restorative work. 

3698
03:30:21,900 --> 03:30:26,100
Balancing the humours 
consolidating memories and 

3699
03:30:26,100 --> 03:30:30,000
preparing for Waking Life. 
Transition from second sleep to 

3700
03:30:30,000 --> 03:30:31,500
morning happened gradually as 
well. 

3701
03:30:31,500 --> 03:30:34,500
You didn't leap away at an 
alarms insistence. 

3702
03:30:34,500 --> 03:30:38,900
Instead you drifted toward 
consciousness Perhaps, hovering 

3703
03:30:38,900 --> 03:30:42,100
in that half awake state, where 
dreams and thoughts into mingle,

3704
03:30:42,100 --> 03:30:44,900
where you're aware of your 
physical surroundings, but not 

3705
03:30:44,900 --> 03:30:47,700
yet ready to engage with them, 
this sleep pattern. 

3706
03:30:47,700 --> 03:30:51,500
So foreign to Modern 
Consolidated, our sleep was 

3707
03:30:51,500 --> 03:30:54,800
documented not just in England, 
but across Western Europe in 

3708
03:30:54,800 --> 03:30:58,300
this period. 
References to first and second 

3709
03:30:58,300 --> 03:31:01,800
sleep appearing, legal 
depositions, medical texts 

3710
03:31:01,800 --> 03:31:05,500
literature and Diaries. 
People scheduled activities 

3711
03:31:05,500 --> 03:31:07,600
around it. 
A time to meet love. 

3712
03:31:07,600 --> 03:31:10,400
Her might be set. 
For after first sleeping. 

3713
03:31:10,400 --> 03:31:13,900
Everyone knew what that meant, 
the practice began to disappear 

3714
03:31:13,900 --> 03:31:18,000
in the 17th, and 18th centuries,
as artificial lighting, 

3715
03:31:18,000 --> 03:31:20,700
improved, and nighttime 
activities became more common. 

3716
03:31:21,500 --> 03:31:24,900
Street Lighting in cities, 
better home, lighting, coffee, 

3717
03:31:24,900 --> 03:31:28,300
houses, staying open late and 
theatrical performances, 

3718
03:31:28,300 --> 03:31:32,200
extending into evening hours. 
All these gradually compressed 

3719
03:31:32,200 --> 03:31:36,200
nighttime into a period for 
Consolidated, sleep rather than 

3720
03:31:36,200 --> 03:31:39,800
segmented, rest with a 
contemplative interval, modern 

3721
03:31:39,800 --> 03:31:43,200
sleep, researchers have studied 
this pattern, sometimes calling 

3722
03:31:43,200 --> 03:31:47,100
it by physics, sleep or bimodal 
sleep. 

3723
03:31:48,000 --> 03:31:50,400
When subjects in sleep 
Laboratories are deprived of 

3724
03:31:50,408 --> 03:31:52,500
artificial light for extended 
periods. 

3725
03:31:52,500 --> 03:31:56,800
Many naturally fall into these 
two sleep pattern with a quiet 

3726
03:31:56,800 --> 03:32:01,100
waking interval in between this 
suggests Tudor sleep habits 

3727
03:32:01,100 --> 03:32:04,900
weren't cultural quirks but 
responses to natural human 

3728
03:32:04,900 --> 03:32:07,600
biology operating with without 
artificial. 

3729
03:32:07,600 --> 03:32:10,800
Light's interference 
understanding this pattern helps

3730
03:32:10,800 --> 03:32:13,100
explain various aspects of Tudor
life. 

3731
03:32:13,100 --> 03:32:14,500
That might otherwise seem 
puzzling. 

3732
03:32:16,000 --> 03:32:19,700
Why did people go to bed? 
So, early, even before full 

3733
03:32:19,700 --> 03:32:23,300
Darkness fell, partly because 
they'd wake him in the middle of

3734
03:32:23,300 --> 03:32:27,100
the night anyway, so the total 
time in bed needed to be longer 

3735
03:32:27,100 --> 03:32:31,700
than actual sleep time, Why do 
period sources describe midnight

3736
03:32:31,700 --> 03:32:36,100
as a special contemplative time?
Because people regularly 

3737
03:32:36,100 --> 03:32:39,900
experience it in a unique State 
of Consciousness, neither fully 

3738
03:32:39,900 --> 03:32:44,500
asleep nor fully awake in the 
daytime sense for you lying in 

3739
03:32:44,508 --> 03:32:46,500
your Tudor bed with curtains 
drawn around you. 

3740
03:32:46,500 --> 03:32:51,200
This pattern would feel entirely
natural The transition from 

3741
03:32:51,200 --> 03:32:53,800
first to second sleep, wouldn't 
worry you. 

3742
03:32:53,800 --> 03:32:58,200
It's just how Knight Works, how 
it's always worked and how 

3743
03:32:58,200 --> 03:33:04,400
everyone you know experiences it
The quiet hour in darkness alone

3744
03:33:04,400 --> 03:33:06,600
with your thoughts or quite 
quietly, talking with your 

3745
03:33:06,600 --> 03:33:11,300
spouse represents, not disrupted
sleep, but an integral part of 

3746
03:33:11,300 --> 03:33:14,700
how human beings rest. 
When aligned with natural 

3747
03:33:14,700 --> 03:33:19,900
rhythms, chapter 6, staying warm
through winter nights, winter 

3748
03:33:19,900 --> 03:33:22,800
nights in Tudor England, 
presented genuine challenges. 

3749
03:33:22,800 --> 03:33:25,900
Particularly in the brutal 
months between December and 

3750
03:33:25,900 --> 03:33:28,100
February. 
When temperatures regularly 

3751
03:33:28,100 --> 03:33:33,000
dropped well below freezing and 
houses despite their fires and 

3752
03:33:33,000 --> 03:33:36,400
inhabitants best efforts 
remained cold by modern 

3753
03:33:36,400 --> 03:33:40,000
standards your bed chamber in 
deep winter, might hover around 

3754
03:33:40,000 --> 03:33:44,000
45 degrees Fahrenheit and that's
with a fire burning somewhere in

3755
03:33:44,000 --> 03:33:46,700
the house. 
Without central heating or 

3756
03:33:46,700 --> 03:33:49,300
insulation beyond the straw in 
the walls and the rushes on the 

3757
03:33:49,300 --> 03:33:51,900
floor. 
Keeping warm became a nightly 

3758
03:33:51,900 --> 03:33:55,100
engineering project involving 
multiple strategies layered 

3759
03:33:55,100 --> 03:33:57,200
together. 
Curtains, which we mentioned 

3760
03:33:57,200 --> 03:33:59,500
earlier, become crucial 
wintertime allies. 

3761
03:34:00,200 --> 03:34:03,200
When fully closed, they create 
what's essentially a tent within

3762
03:34:03,200 --> 03:34:07,000
the room. trapping the heat 
generated by your body or bodies

3763
03:34:07,000 --> 03:34:11,500
and separating you from the cold
air Beyond the temperature 

3764
03:34:11,500 --> 03:34:13,900
difference between inside the 
curtained bed and the outer 

3765
03:34:13,900 --> 03:34:17,700
chamber might be 10 or 15 
degrees Significant, when you're

3766
03:34:17,700 --> 03:34:20,700
trying to sleep, that layering 
principle in the bedding. 

3767
03:34:20,700 --> 03:34:22,600
Reaches its full expression in 
winter. 

3768
03:34:23,500 --> 03:34:27,300
You start with the base straw 
mattress at the wall topper, the

3769
03:34:27,300 --> 03:34:31,500
cover yourself with a linen 
sheet, wool blankets, possibly a

3770
03:34:31,500 --> 03:34:35,600
coverlet, perhaps a fur throw 
and in the coldest weather your 

3771
03:34:35,600 --> 03:34:37,300
outdoor clothes on top of 
everything. 

3772
03:34:38,300 --> 03:34:41,900
Your essentially building an 
insulating nest with yourself as

3773
03:34:41,900 --> 03:34:45,300
the heat source of the center 
warming pans represented. 

3774
03:34:45,300 --> 03:34:49,400
One of the errors, great bedtime
luxuries long-handled prayers or

3775
03:34:49,400 --> 03:34:52,700
copper Pan's with perforated. 
Lids that held hot coals from 

3776
03:34:52,700 --> 03:34:55,200
the fire. 
You'd run this device between 

3777
03:34:55,200 --> 03:34:58,500
the sheets, before, climbing 
into bed warming, the linen and 

3778
03:34:58,500 --> 03:35:00,900
wool, and chasing away the bone,
deep chill. 

3779
03:35:02,100 --> 03:35:05,600
For about half an hour after 
using a warming pan, your bed, 

3780
03:35:05,600 --> 03:35:09,800
felt positively toasty. 
Small Miracle on a January night

3781
03:35:09,800 --> 03:35:13,300
when your breath misted in the 
are not everyone owned warming 

3782
03:35:13,300 --> 03:35:14,400
pans. 
They were significant 

3783
03:35:14,400 --> 03:35:18,300
Investments, poorer households. 
Improvised with heated Stones, 

3784
03:35:18,300 --> 03:35:21,000
wrapped in cloth, achieving 
similar results though, 

3785
03:35:21,000 --> 03:35:23,100
requiring more care to avoid 
Burns. 

3786
03:35:24,100 --> 03:35:27,500
Stone heated in the fire's Edge 
wrapped in several layers of 

3787
03:35:27,500 --> 03:35:29,600
wool and tucked. 
At the foot of the bed, could 

3788
03:35:29,600 --> 03:35:32,200
keep your toes. 
Warm for hours, bed, socks, 

3789
03:35:32,200 --> 03:35:34,800
existed! 
Those socks in general were less

3790
03:35:34,800 --> 03:35:39,000
common than you might expect. 
Stocking what we might call long

3791
03:35:39,000 --> 03:35:42,700
socks or tights were standard 
day wear for both sexes. 

3792
03:35:42,700 --> 03:35:45,900
And you might keep these on your
sleeping shift if the night was 

3793
03:35:45,900 --> 03:35:49,400
particularly brutal, the very 
cold, sensitive might add a 

3794
03:35:49,408 --> 03:35:52,300
second layer of everything, 
though, this limits Mobility 

3795
03:35:52,300 --> 03:35:55,900
under the heavy blankets. 
Nightcaps as mentioned before, 

3796
03:35:55,900 --> 03:35:59,900
were not optional in Winter a 
substantial wall cap kept heat 

3797
03:35:59,900 --> 03:36:03,000
from escaping through your head 
and protected your ears from the

3798
03:36:03,000 --> 03:36:05,900
cold. 
Some people also wraped cloths 

3799
03:36:05,900 --> 03:36:08,500
around their necks. 
Particularly if they were prone 

3800
03:36:08,500 --> 03:36:11,900
to throw tail ailments in cold 
weather shared body heat became 

3801
03:36:11,900 --> 03:36:15,600
increasingly valuable as 
temperatures dropped This is one

3802
03:36:15,600 --> 03:36:19,300
reason bed sharing was so. 
Prevalent two people generate 

3803
03:36:19,300 --> 03:36:24,000
more warmth than one and three 
more than two children packed 

3804
03:36:24,000 --> 03:36:26,200
together in a bed weren't just 
saving space. 

3805
03:36:26,200 --> 03:36:28,300
They were pooling thermal 
resources. 

3806
03:36:29,500 --> 03:36:32,400
Married couples, had an obvious 
Advantage here, though. 

3807
03:36:32,400 --> 03:36:34,700
Even, they might invite a young 
child into their bed. 

3808
03:36:34,700 --> 03:36:38,500
On the coldest nights, despite 
usual preferences for separate 

3809
03:36:38,500 --> 03:36:42,100
sleeping Arrangements, somehow 
sold brought small braziers or 

3810
03:36:42,100 --> 03:36:45,100
heated bricks into bed. 
Chambers before sleep warming. 

3811
03:36:45,100 --> 03:36:47,800
The air briefly though, these 
had to be removed before 

3812
03:36:47,800 --> 03:36:50,600
actually sleeping due to the 
danger of fire and the fumes 

3813
03:36:50,600 --> 03:36:54,500
they produced Carbon monoxide 
poisoning wasn't understood in 

3814
03:36:54,500 --> 03:36:57,500
these terms, but people 
recognized that sleeping with 

3815
03:36:57,500 --> 03:36:59,600
burning coals in an enclosed 
space. 

3816
03:36:59,600 --> 03:37:02,700
Could kill you. 
Probably attributing it to bad 

3817
03:37:02,700 --> 03:37:06,700
Vapors rather than the actual 
mechanism of asphyxiation rooms 

3818
03:37:06,700 --> 03:37:08,500
above. 
The kitchen or Bakehouse were 

3819
03:37:08,500 --> 03:37:12,500
prized in Winter because he'd 
From Below rows, into them if 

3820
03:37:12,500 --> 03:37:15,700
your family ran in or shop with 
others operating into the 

3821
03:37:15,700 --> 03:37:19,600
evening, the chambers of stayed 
noticeably warmer than others. 

3822
03:37:20,600 --> 03:37:23,500
Some people positioned beds 
directly above the first floor. 

3823
03:37:23,500 --> 03:37:26,800
Half for similar reasons. 
Accepting the occasional bit of 

3824
03:37:26,808 --> 03:37:29,400
smoke seeping through 
floorboards in exchange for 

3825
03:37:29,400 --> 03:37:31,800
extra warmth. 
Draft proofing, became a 

3826
03:37:31,800 --> 03:37:33,700
household project as winter 
approached. 

3827
03:37:34,200 --> 03:37:37,600
Gaps and shutters got stuffed 
with Rags or sealed with wax. 

3828
03:37:37,600 --> 03:37:41,500
Floors received extra layers of 
rushes for insulation, 

3829
03:37:41,500 --> 03:37:44,700
tapestries on walls, serve 
decorative purposes. 

3830
03:37:44,700 --> 03:37:48,400
Yes, but also created dead air 
space that reduced heat loss 

3831
03:37:48,400 --> 03:37:52,200
through stone or Timber, even a 
simple cloth hanging could make 

3832
03:37:52,200 --> 03:37:55,900
a measurable difference. 
Still, you'd be cold by modern 

3833
03:37:55,900 --> 03:37:58,300
standards. 
Your nose would be chilly. 

3834
03:37:58,300 --> 03:38:02,800
Your face exposed to the air 
outside, the blanket getting up 

3835
03:38:02,800 --> 03:38:06,100
in the night to use the chamber 
pot required, genuine courage, 

3836
03:38:06,100 --> 03:38:10,300
leaving the warm Nest, meant 
exposing yourself to frigid air.

3837
03:38:10,300 --> 03:38:13,700
Make your muscle's clenched and 
your skin prickle. 

3838
03:38:14,300 --> 03:38:17,100
You'd accomplished your business
quickly and dive back under the 

3839
03:38:17,100 --> 03:38:20,300
covers burrowing in and until 
your body heat warmed. 

3840
03:38:20,300 --> 03:38:23,300
Everything again, morning 
presented the hardest moment 

3841
03:38:23,300 --> 03:38:27,000
that transition from warm bed to
cold room when your body 

3842
03:38:27,000 --> 03:38:30,700
protested vigorously against 
moving, You'd procrastinate 

3843
03:38:30,700 --> 03:38:34,100
lingering under the blanket, 
stealing yourself for the 

3844
03:38:34,100 --> 03:38:37,000
unpleasant but necessary task of
getting up and dressing. 

3845
03:38:37,900 --> 03:38:41,400
The first person at the worst of
it, they'd restart the fire and 

3846
03:38:41,400 --> 03:38:43,700
begin warming, the house, making
it easier. 

3847
03:38:43,700 --> 03:38:45,800
For those who followed children 
might. 

3848
03:38:45,800 --> 03:38:49,300
Wake to frost patterns on the 
inside of shutters, ice in the 

3849
03:38:49,308 --> 03:38:52,400
washing water and their breath 
forming clouds in the air. 

3850
03:38:53,300 --> 03:38:56,800
This wasn't unusual or alarming,
it was simply how winter 

3851
03:38:56,800 --> 03:39:00,400
mornings felt. 
You dressed quickly layering on 

3852
03:39:00,400 --> 03:39:04,400
garments moving, close to the 
fire as soon as possible and 

3853
03:39:04,400 --> 03:39:07,600
beginning the days work partly 
to generate body heat through 

3854
03:39:07,600 --> 03:39:10,600
activity. 
Despite these challenges due to 

3855
03:39:10,608 --> 03:39:13,300
people didn't generally complain
about cold the way modern people

3856
03:39:13,300 --> 03:39:17,800
might, It was expected normal 
and part of the seasonal Rhythm 

3857
03:39:17,800 --> 03:39:21,000
of Life. 
You prepared for it, accepted it

3858
03:39:21,000 --> 03:39:23,700
and worked with it rather than 
fighting against it. 

3859
03:39:24,400 --> 03:39:27,500
The return of Springs warmth, 
when it finally came, felt like 

3860
03:39:27,508 --> 03:39:31,900
a genuine blessing, a relief. 
So profound that people's moods,

3861
03:39:31,900 --> 03:39:35,300
lifted noticeably with the rise 
in temperatures and lengthening 

3862
03:39:35,300 --> 03:39:38,700
days. 
Chapter 7, the soundscape of 

3863
03:39:38,700 --> 03:39:42,600
Knight in your curtained. 
Bed in night, the sound 

3864
03:39:42,600 --> 03:39:45,600
surrounding you, create an 
acoustic environment completely 

3865
03:39:45,600 --> 03:39:49,800
different from anything most 
modern people experience. let's 

3866
03:39:49,800 --> 03:39:52,300
listen carefully to what you'd 
hear during those nighttime 

3867
03:39:52,300 --> 03:39:55,800
hours, the house itself, 
provides a constant backdrop of 

3868
03:39:55,800 --> 03:40:00,000
sounds Timber frames expand and 
contract with temperature 

3869
03:40:00,000 --> 03:40:04,800
changes producing creeks groans 
and occasional, sharp cracks 

3870
03:40:04,800 --> 03:40:07,400
that might start you until you 
learn to recognize them as 

3871
03:40:07,408 --> 03:40:11,000
normal. 
The thatch on the roof Russells 

3872
03:40:11,000 --> 03:40:14,500
when wind passes over it. 
The sound like soft scratching 

3873
03:40:14,500 --> 03:40:16,900
or the movement of some large 
animal though. 

3874
03:40:16,900 --> 03:40:20,600
It's just dried straw shifting 
against itself in Winter, the 

3875
03:40:20,600 --> 03:40:22,100
wind becomes a dominant 
presence. 

3876
03:40:22,100 --> 03:40:26,100
It finds every Gap in the 
shutters producing whistles in 

3877
03:40:26,100 --> 03:40:29,100
different pitches, depending on 
the size of the opening and the 

3878
03:40:29,100 --> 03:40:33,500
wind strength. 
Its the walls making the hole 

3879
03:40:33,500 --> 03:40:36,800
structure shutter slightly 
during the strongest gusts You 

3880
03:40:36,800 --> 03:40:40,100
can hear it approaching across 
the landscape rushing, through 

3881
03:40:40,100 --> 03:40:42,000
bare trees before hitting your 
house. 

3882
03:40:42,000 --> 03:40:46,500
Then moving away again, into the
darkness rein on a thatched 

3883
03:40:46,500 --> 03:40:48,000
roof. 
Sounds different from rain on 

3884
03:40:48,000 --> 03:40:51,000
Modern, shingles or tiles 
softer, more. 

3885
03:40:51,000 --> 03:40:54,400
Muffled, like someone pouring 
dry sand, rather than water. 

3886
03:40:55,400 --> 03:40:57,300
Heavy. 
Rain creates a steady rushing 

3887
03:40:57,300 --> 03:41:00,900
sound that some people find 
soothing a natural white noise 

3888
03:41:00,900 --> 03:41:03,900
that musk's other sounds and 
helps LOL you back to Second 

3889
03:41:03,900 --> 03:41:06,300
sleep animals. 
Contribute, their voices, 

3890
03:41:06,300 --> 03:41:11,200
throughout the night, mice, Gary
inside walls, their tiny claws, 

3891
03:41:11,200 --> 03:41:15,900
scratching on wood their squeaks
occasionally Audible You accept 

3892
03:41:15,900 --> 03:41:19,600
their presence as inevitable, 
keeping a house, completely 

3893
03:41:19,600 --> 03:41:21,400
mouse. 
Free is nearly impossible 

3894
03:41:21,400 --> 03:41:23,500
though. 
You try to prevent them from 

3895
03:41:23,500 --> 03:41:27,300
getting into food stores. 
sometimes you hear a thump and a

3896
03:41:27,300 --> 03:41:30,000
brief struggle as the house cat 
catches one, doing its job 

3897
03:41:30,000 --> 03:41:34,300
outside, owls, call to each 
other, they're hooting carrying 

3898
03:41:34,300 --> 03:41:37,500
clearly through the still night 
air Foxes produce. 

3899
03:41:37,500 --> 03:41:41,700
Surprisingly disturbing sounds 
screams that can sound Almost 

3900
03:41:41,700 --> 03:41:45,100
Human, particularly unsettling 
if you're not expecting them. 

3901
03:41:45,800 --> 03:41:48,900
Dogs bark in the distance. 
One setting off another, 

3902
03:41:48,900 --> 03:41:52,000
creating a chain of canine 
communication across the 

3903
03:41:52,000 --> 03:41:54,900
neighborhood livestock. 
Make nighttime noises too. 

3904
03:41:54,900 --> 03:41:58,300
If you're near a barn you might 
hear cattle shifting in their 

3905
03:41:58,300 --> 03:42:00,500
stalls. 
Pigs grunting and horses 

3906
03:42:00,500 --> 03:42:02,600
stamping and blowing air through
their nostrils. 

3907
03:42:03,500 --> 03:42:06,800
Chickens, sometimes startled 
awake and cluck nervously before

3908
03:42:06,800 --> 03:42:10,000
settling back down. 
These sounds are reassuring in 

3909
03:42:10,000 --> 03:42:12,200
their way. 
They mean, your animals are safe

3910
03:42:12,200 --> 03:42:14,600
still alive, and still you're 
worth and sustained. 

3911
03:42:14,600 --> 03:42:17,400
Human sounds punctuate the night
as well. 

3912
03:42:18,400 --> 03:42:20,000
Someone in the house might 
snore. 

3913
03:42:20,000 --> 03:42:23,500
The sound carrying from one 
chamber to another through 

3914
03:42:23,500 --> 03:42:26,900
Timberwolves that provide less 
sound insulation than modern 

3915
03:42:26,900 --> 03:42:31,400
Construction. 
Babies cry and get soothed young

3916
03:42:31,400 --> 03:42:33,800
children. 
Call out from dreams or knee 

3917
03:42:33,800 --> 03:42:36,900
middle of the night comfort. 
You might hear your neighbor's 

3918
03:42:36,900 --> 03:42:39,600
through shared walls, if you 
live in attached townhouses, 

3919
03:42:39,600 --> 03:42:43,400
their coughs, their 
conversations, their movements 

3920
03:42:43,400 --> 03:42:46,800
across creaky floors, church, 
bells, Mark, the passage of 

3921
03:42:46,800 --> 03:42:49,000
nighttime hours in towns and 
villages. 

3922
03:42:49,800 --> 03:42:51,700
Not every hour, gets run in 
every place. 

3923
03:42:51,700 --> 03:42:55,900
But midnight, typically receives
special notice and some Churches

3924
03:42:55,900 --> 03:43:00,100
ring bells Before Dawn services.
These bells serve practical 

3925
03:43:00,100 --> 03:43:03,200
purposes, they help people track
time in the darkness. 

3926
03:43:03,200 --> 03:43:06,800
They call people to prayer at a 
pointed hours, and they provide 

3927
03:43:06,800 --> 03:43:08,900
reassurance that the 
communities, spiritual 

3928
03:43:08,900 --> 03:43:13,200
Guardians, remain watchful in 
cities, nightwatchman call out 

3929
03:43:13,200 --> 03:43:16,100
the hours, walking their roots, 
and announcing the time. 

3930
03:43:16,100 --> 03:43:18,800
Along with the weather 
conditions to a clock and all's 

3931
03:43:18,800 --> 03:43:21,200
well or three o'clock and cold 
clear night. 

3932
03:43:22,200 --> 03:43:25,900
These calls serve multiple 
purposes, they Mark time. 

3933
03:43:25,900 --> 03:43:29,500
They announced the watchmen's 
presence to deter criminals and 

3934
03:43:29,500 --> 03:43:32,200
they provide Comfort to those 
lying awake that someone is 

3935
03:43:32,200 --> 03:43:34,000
keeping guard. 
The Fire. 

3936
03:43:34,000 --> 03:43:37,000
If you can hear it from your 
chamber produces, its own sound 

3937
03:43:37,000 --> 03:43:41,700
would pops and hisses. 
A sap turns to steam, Kohl's 

3938
03:43:41,700 --> 03:43:45,600
shift and resettle in the half 
with soft crashes. on 

3939
03:43:45,600 --> 03:43:48,900
particularly quiet nights, you 
might even hear the whisper of 

3940
03:43:48,908 --> 03:43:52,300
flames consuming would Sounds so
soft. 

3941
03:43:52,300 --> 03:43:56,000
It's barely perceptible, but 
somehow audible in deep silence 

3942
03:43:56,000 --> 03:43:58,400
chamber pots get used throughout
the night. 

3943
03:43:58,400 --> 03:44:02,500
Producing sounds that medieval 
modesty, simply acknowledged and

3944
03:44:02,508 --> 03:44:06,200
politely ignored Everyone 
performed the same biological 

3945
03:44:06,200 --> 03:44:10,200
functions, everyone made the 
same sound and everyone 

3946
03:44:10,200 --> 03:44:12,700
practiced. 
The social fiction of not 

3947
03:44:12,700 --> 03:44:15,800
noticing what they heard from 
behind bed curtains or from 

3948
03:44:15,800 --> 03:44:18,800
other Chambers seasonal, 
variations affected the 

3949
03:44:18,808 --> 03:44:22,700
soundscapes significantly. 
Some are Knights brought insect 

3950
03:44:22,700 --> 03:44:26,100
choruses crickets producing 
their rhythmic chirping. 

3951
03:44:26,100 --> 03:44:30,000
Moths batting against shutters 
drawn to whatever light seep 

3952
03:44:30,000 --> 03:44:33,000
through cracks. 
Frogs near ponds or streams 

3953
03:44:33,000 --> 03:44:36,300
added their croaking to the mix.
Bats. 

3954
03:44:36,300 --> 03:44:38,400
Flying. 
Overhead produce sounds too high

3955
03:44:38,400 --> 03:44:41,400
for most human ears, but 
occasionally audible as soft 

3956
03:44:41,400 --> 03:44:44,900
squeaking thunder in summer. 
Storms, could shake the entire 

3957
03:44:44,900 --> 03:44:47,600
house. 
Each crash followed by the sound

3958
03:44:47,600 --> 03:44:51,600
of rain intensifying, you'd hear
the initial large drops. 

3959
03:44:51,600 --> 03:44:55,500
Hit the thatch, then the steady 
downpour patch the Russian of 

3960
03:44:55,500 --> 03:44:59,400
water through gutters, or off, 
Eve's the sound of the storm 

3961
03:44:59,400 --> 03:45:01,000
passing over like a living 
thing. 

3962
03:45:01,000 --> 03:45:04,000
Moving through the landscape in 
the quiet periods. 

3963
03:45:04,000 --> 03:45:07,300
Between salons silence itself, 
had a quality different from 

3964
03:45:07,300 --> 03:45:11,600
Modern silents, No electric hum 
of refrigerators or heating 

3965
03:45:11,600 --> 03:45:14,000
systems. 
No distant traffic. 

3966
03:45:14,000 --> 03:45:18,300
Sounds No airplane. 
Overhead just genuine quiet. 

3967
03:45:18,300 --> 03:45:21,500
Broken only by the immediate 
sounds of your household and 

3968
03:45:21,500 --> 03:45:24,700
natural environment. 
He silenced so complete that 

3969
03:45:24,700 --> 03:45:26,500
modern people who experience it 
often. 

3970
03:45:26,500 --> 03:45:30,300
Find it unsettling at first. 
So accustomed, a we to 

3971
03:45:30,300 --> 03:45:32,900
continuous background noise, 
your own body. 

3972
03:45:32,900 --> 03:45:35,300
Produces sounds, you might 
notice and the Stillness. 

3973
03:45:36,100 --> 03:45:38,800
Your heartbeat becomes audible. 
When you press your ear against 

3974
03:45:38,800 --> 03:45:42,800
the mattress, you're breathing 
your stomach gurgling quietly, 

3975
03:45:42,800 --> 03:45:45,200
the rustle of linen against your
skin. 

3976
03:45:45,200 --> 03:45:48,500
When you shift position all 
become part of the Sonic 

3977
03:45:48,500 --> 03:45:50,200
environment. 
When everything else Falls 

3978
03:45:50,200 --> 03:45:53,400
still, some sounds inspired fear
or Superstition. 

3979
03:45:53,400 --> 03:45:57,700
Unexplained noises might be 
attributed to Spirits or demons 

3980
03:45:57,700 --> 03:46:00,400
testing the households defenses,
though. 

3981
03:46:00,400 --> 03:46:03,500
Most people understood that most
mysterious sounds had natural 

3982
03:46:03,500 --> 03:46:08,900
explanations, once you learned 
to identify them, Still a sudden

3983
03:46:08,900 --> 03:46:11,900
loud noise in the Deep Knight. 
Its source. 

3984
03:46:11,900 --> 03:46:16,400
Uncertain could set your heart 
racing and make you clutch your 

3985
03:46:16,400 --> 03:46:19,600
religious medals or whisper 
protective prayers. 

3986
03:46:19,600 --> 03:46:24,300
The return of mourning, sounds 
provided its own comfort The 

3987
03:46:24,300 --> 03:46:27,900
first Birds Before Dawn roosters
crowing, they're not always 

3988
03:46:27,900 --> 03:46:31,000
exactly at dawn, despite 
folklore signaled, the 

3989
03:46:31,008 --> 03:46:34,600
approaching End Of Night. 
Other birds, joined gradually 

3990
03:46:34,600 --> 03:46:38,300
building toward the dawn chorus.
You'd hear the household 

3991
03:46:38,300 --> 03:46:42,200
beginning to stir people, rising
fires being revived and the 

3992
03:46:42,208 --> 03:46:45,200
sounds of daily life returning 
to replace the nighttime. 

3993
03:46:45,200 --> 03:46:48,300
Soundscape. 
This acoustic World shaped how 

3994
03:46:48,300 --> 03:46:52,800
Tudor people experienced night. 
Without visual stimuli with 

3995
03:46:52,800 --> 03:46:57,000
Darkness, complete Behind Closed
shutters and curtains, hearing 

3996
03:46:57,000 --> 03:46:59,600
became the primary sense. 
Connecting you to the world 

3997
03:46:59,600 --> 03:47:03,100
beyond your bed. 
You learned to interpret sounds 

3998
03:47:03,100 --> 03:47:07,200
to distinguish normal from 
alarming to find comfort in 

3999
03:47:07,200 --> 03:47:13,000
expected noises and concern in 
unexpected ones. the nighttime 

4000
03:47:13,000 --> 03:47:17,900
soundscape far from being empty,
silents, was richly textured 

4001
03:47:17,900 --> 03:47:22,400
with information about whether 
animals, neighbors, and the 

4002
03:47:22,400 --> 03:47:27,200
house itself, a constant stream 
of Sonic data that Tudor is 

4003
03:47:27,200 --> 03:47:29,300
processed instinctively 
throughout the Night. 

4004
03:47:29,300 --> 03:47:34,600
Chapter 8, Dornan Rising the 
transition from night to day 

4005
03:47:34,600 --> 03:47:36,200
happened gradually in Tudor 
England. 

4006
03:47:36,200 --> 03:47:40,100
A slow emergence from sleep and 
darkness that aligned with the 

4007
03:47:40,108 --> 03:47:43,900
body's natural rhythms far, more
than modern alarm clock away 

4008
03:47:43,900 --> 03:47:46,000
cleanings. 
You'd become aware of increasing

4009
03:47:46,000 --> 03:47:50,300
light first even before fully 
waking The Blackness behind your

4010
03:47:50,300 --> 03:47:52,500
closed. 
Eyelids shifts to a lighter 

4011
03:47:52,500 --> 03:47:54,800
shade. 
As Dawn brightens the world 

4012
03:47:54,800 --> 03:47:56,300
beyond your shattered. 
Windows. 

4013
03:47:57,100 --> 03:47:59,800
Thin strips of light appear at 
the edges of shutters. 

4014
03:47:59,800 --> 03:48:03,900
Announcing that Knight grip is 
loosening, the household sounds 

4015
03:48:03,900 --> 03:48:07,100
change character. 
Where night sounds were sporadic

4016
03:48:07,100 --> 03:48:09,600
and muted morning, brings 
purposeful activity. 

4017
03:48:10,700 --> 03:48:13,400
The first person up often a 
servant or the housewife 

4018
03:48:13,400 --> 03:48:16,700
herself, move through the house 
on specific missions. 

4019
03:48:17,400 --> 03:48:20,600
You hear the scrape of 
Implements of the half working 

4020
03:48:20,600 --> 03:48:24,400
to revive the banked fire, you 
hear the clunk of logs being 

4021
03:48:24,400 --> 03:48:28,100
added, the Creak of the Bellows 
and the first crackling as 

4022
03:48:28,100 --> 03:48:30,600
flames. 
Catch hold, you might lie. 

4023
03:48:30,600 --> 03:48:33,500
Still for a few minutes, not 
quite ready to leave your warm 

4024
03:48:33,500 --> 03:48:35,300
Nest. 
Listening to the house, wake 

4025
03:48:35,300 --> 03:48:37,700
around you. 
Someone opens a shutter down 

4026
03:48:37,700 --> 03:48:40,500
stairs, admitting light to the 
fresh morning air. 

4027
03:48:41,200 --> 03:48:45,700
You hear water being poured feet
on stairs and low voices of 

4028
03:48:45,700 --> 03:48:48,300
people greeting each other and 
beginning their days tasks. 

4029
03:48:49,100 --> 03:48:52,400
Quality of light seeping into 
your chamber changes as the sun 

4030
03:48:52,400 --> 03:48:55,600
rises. 
What started as pale gray 

4031
03:48:55,600 --> 03:48:58,200
brightens toward gold or silver,
depending on the weather. 

4032
03:48:59,100 --> 03:49:02,200
On clear mornings. 
You might see actual shafts of 

4033
03:49:02,200 --> 03:49:03,900
light. 
Piercing through gaps in the 

4034
03:49:03,908 --> 03:49:06,800
shutters. 
On cloudy days the illumination 

4035
03:49:06,800 --> 03:49:09,600
remains to fuse but still 
increases to the point where you

4036
03:49:09,600 --> 03:49:13,000
can distinguish shapes in the 
room Rising requires a certain 

4037
03:49:13,000 --> 03:49:15,000
amount of determination on cold 
mornings. 

4038
03:49:15,000 --> 03:49:18,300
You have to leave your warm 
cocoon and expose yourself to 

4039
03:49:18,300 --> 03:49:21,100
are that's cold enough to make 
your skin prickle immediately. 

4040
03:49:22,300 --> 03:49:26,400
the process happens in stages 
first you sit up under the 

4041
03:49:26,400 --> 03:49:30,900
blankets preparing yourself. 
Then you emerge perhaps wrapping

4042
03:49:30,900 --> 03:49:33,600
a blanket around your shoulders 
as you swing your legs over the 

4043
03:49:33,600 --> 03:49:37,100
side of the bed your feet Hit 
the Floor cold even through any 

4044
03:49:37,100 --> 03:49:38,900
Floor Covering or discarded 
clothing. 

4045
03:49:38,900 --> 03:49:42,500
You might step on you move 
quickly now motivated by 

4046
03:49:42,500 --> 03:49:46,000
discomfort reaching for your 
outer clothes that hang nearby 

4047
03:49:46,900 --> 03:49:50,100
Dressing happens rapidly 
layering on garments that have 

4048
03:49:50,108 --> 03:49:53,300
been sitting in the cold air all
night and feel clammy until your

4049
03:49:53,300 --> 03:49:56,200
body heat warms them. 
If you're lucky someone has 

4050
03:49:56,200 --> 03:49:57,800
brought warm water up for 
washing. 

4051
03:49:57,800 --> 03:50:01,200
If not you make do with whatever
is in the chamber picture 

4052
03:50:01,200 --> 03:50:05,200
probably cold enough to make you
gasp when you on your face. 

4053
03:50:06,000 --> 03:50:09,800
This shock of cold water's does 
your effectively though no need 

4054
03:50:09,800 --> 03:50:11,600
for coffee. 
When ice cold water hits your 

4055
03:50:11,600 --> 03:50:15,500
skin personal prayers might 
happen now a quick devotional 

4056
03:50:15,500 --> 03:50:17,600
practice before the days demands
begin. 

4057
03:50:18,500 --> 03:50:21,500
Kneeling by the bed you'd run 
through familiar prayers, 

4058
03:50:21,500 --> 03:50:25,300
perhaps adding specific requests
relevant to the day ahead. 

4059
03:50:26,200 --> 03:50:29,300
Safety for a journey. 
Success in business, dealings 

4060
03:50:29,300 --> 03:50:33,100
health for a sick, family 
member, anything Weighing on 

4061
03:50:33,100 --> 03:50:37,000
your mind as you face a new day,
emptying chamber pots represents

4062
03:50:37,000 --> 03:50:38,900
one of the Less Pleasant morning
tasks. 

4063
03:50:39,500 --> 03:50:42,600
Someone usually a servant if you
have one or the housewife, if 

4064
03:50:42,600 --> 03:50:45,900
you don't carry these down 
stairs and out to the privy or 

4065
03:50:45,908 --> 03:50:48,400
to a spot where the contents 
will be buried or otherwise 

4066
03:50:48,400 --> 03:50:51,700
disposed of. 
In cities, chamber pots might be

4067
03:50:51,700 --> 03:50:54,600
empty into Street. 
Gutters a practice that 

4068
03:50:54,600 --> 03:50:58,400
contributed to Urban sanitation 
problems and unpleasant smells 

4069
03:50:58,400 --> 03:51:01,000
hair gets attention, 
particularly for women. 

4070
03:51:01,900 --> 03:51:04,700
That nightcap comes off 
revealing hair that needs 

4071
03:51:04,700 --> 03:51:08,200
brushing or combing before being
covered again with a koef or 

4072
03:51:08,200 --> 03:51:10,700
other head, covering appropriate
for the days activities. 

4073
03:51:11,800 --> 03:51:14,900
Men might run their fingers 
through shorter hair and call it

4074
03:51:14,900 --> 03:51:17,300
done, though. 
Some attention to grooming 

4075
03:51:17,300 --> 03:51:19,900
happened. 
Even for males teeth received 

4076
03:51:19,900 --> 03:51:24,000
quick attention, a rinse of the 
mouth with water or ale, perhaps

4077
03:51:24,000 --> 03:51:27,000
running a cloth over teeth to 
remove the furry feeling that 

4078
03:51:27,000 --> 03:51:30,300
builds overnight. 
More thorough cleaning might 

4079
03:51:30,300 --> 03:51:32,300
wait until later if guests are 
expected. 

4080
03:51:32,300 --> 03:51:36,000
Or if you're preparing for a 
special occasion beds don't get 

4081
03:51:36,000 --> 03:51:40,100
made in the modern sense. 
Instead they get aired blankets 

4082
03:51:40,100 --> 03:51:44,300
thrown back covers folded over 
the foot of the bed allowing air

4083
03:51:44,300 --> 03:51:45,700
to circulate through the 
bedding. 

4084
03:51:46,500 --> 03:51:49,400
This prevents mustiness and 
gives moisture from Nighttime 

4085
03:51:49,400 --> 03:51:52,200
breathing and sweating a chance 
to evaporate. 

4086
03:51:53,100 --> 03:51:56,400
In good weather, you might hang 
blankets out a window or carry 

4087
03:51:56,400 --> 03:51:59,700
them outside to are in the sun, 
which freshens them remarkably. 

4088
03:51:59,700 --> 03:52:03,200
Well breakfast, in Tudor, 
England wasn't the substantial 

4089
03:52:03,200 --> 03:52:05,000
meal it became in later 
centuries. 

4090
03:52:05,800 --> 03:52:09,600
Many people, those doing 
physical labor, ate, something 

4091
03:52:09,608 --> 03:52:14,000
light, Bread with butter or 
cheese, perhaps ale or small 

4092
03:52:14,000 --> 03:52:16,200
beer. 
Maybe pottage left from the 

4093
03:52:16,208 --> 03:52:18,200
previous evening supper and 
reheated. 

4094
03:52:19,100 --> 03:52:21,700
The truly wealthy might have 
more elaborate morning meals, 

4095
03:52:21,700 --> 03:52:26,400
but for most breaking fast meant
exactly that Breaking the 

4096
03:52:26,400 --> 03:52:30,100
overnight fast with enough food 
to start the day not feeling 

4097
03:52:30,100 --> 03:52:33,600
yourself, completely children 
need waking, and helping a 

4098
03:52:33,600 --> 03:52:36,100
special younger ones. 
They're not naturally early 

4099
03:52:36,100 --> 03:52:39,100
Rises at this period, lacking 
the school schedule. 

4100
03:52:39,100 --> 03:52:41,400
That would later structure 
childhood mornings. 

4101
03:52:41,400 --> 03:52:45,100
You might need to coax a child 
from bed, help with dressing, 

4102
03:52:45,100 --> 03:52:48,400
and make sure faces. 
Get washed and hair gets combed.

4103
03:52:49,100 --> 03:52:52,200
The same parental tasks that 
cross all time, periods. 

4104
03:52:52,200 --> 03:52:55,600
As light increases, you can 
finally open the shutters fully 

4105
03:52:55,600 --> 03:52:57,800
admitting the morning into the 
house. 

4106
03:52:57,800 --> 03:53:01,100
The quality of light tells you 
much about the day ahead. 

4107
03:53:01,800 --> 03:53:05,600
Clear and bright means fair. 
Weather is likely gray and flats

4108
03:53:05,600 --> 03:53:08,500
just rain and particular colors 
of the Dawn. 

4109
03:53:08,500 --> 03:53:11,700
Sky predict wind or storm, 
depending on folk wisdom 

4110
03:53:11,700 --> 03:53:15,300
accumulated over Generations. 
The house begins to fill with 

4111
03:53:15,300 --> 03:53:18,600
the day's activities if there's 
a shop or Workshop its 

4112
03:53:18,600 --> 03:53:21,600
preparations begin If the 
household revolves around 

4113
03:53:21,600 --> 03:53:24,700
farming, people move toward 
Barnes and Fields. 

4114
03:53:24,700 --> 03:53:28,600
If you're in a townhouse with a 
trade to pursue tools, come out 

4115
03:53:28,600 --> 03:53:32,700
workspaces, get a range and The 
Business of making a living 

4116
03:53:32,708 --> 03:53:35,500
begins in Earnest. 
You take your place in this 

4117
03:53:35,500 --> 03:53:38,900
daily Rhythm moving from the 
private world of sleep and 

4118
03:53:38,900 --> 03:53:41,400
bedroom into the public world of
work and community. 

4119
03:53:42,700 --> 03:53:46,900
The transition feels natural 
aligned with light and sound in 

4120
03:53:46,900 --> 03:53:49,900
the needs of your body. 
There's no jarring a alarm. 

4121
03:53:49,908 --> 03:53:54,400
No sense of being wrenched from 
sleep before you're ready just a

4122
03:53:54,400 --> 03:53:59,000
gradual emergence that respect 
by a logical rhythms even as it 

4123
03:53:59,000 --> 03:54:02,400
responds to practical 
Necessities the morning routine 

4124
03:54:02,400 --> 03:54:05,900
repeated day after day with 
minor variations for seasons and

4125
03:54:05,900 --> 03:54:08,900
circumstances, provide structure
and comfort. 

4126
03:54:08,900 --> 03:54:12,100
You know what comes next? 
Because it's what always comes 

4127
03:54:12,100 --> 03:54:14,700
next. 
The predictability might seem 

4128
03:54:14,700 --> 03:54:17,900
boring to Modern sensibilities 
that value variety and Novelty 

4129
03:54:17,900 --> 03:54:21,000
but Judah. 
People generally found security 

4130
03:54:21,000 --> 03:54:24,700
and repetition in doing what 
their parents did, what their 

4131
03:54:24,700 --> 03:54:27,900
grandparents did and what 
everyone around them does, by 

4132
03:54:27,900 --> 03:54:32,700
the time full daylight arrives, 
your dressed washed fed, at 

4133
03:54:32,700 --> 03:54:35,200
least minimally and engaged in 
the days. 

4134
03:54:35,200 --> 03:54:38,800
First tasks. 
The night has fully released, 

4135
03:54:38,800 --> 03:54:41,800
its hold. 
Whatever dreams or thoughts 

4136
03:54:41,800 --> 03:54:45,800
occupied those dark hours Fade 
Into memory, as immediate 

4137
03:54:45,800 --> 03:54:49,700
concerns, demand attention, the 
daily cycle that will eventually

4138
03:54:49,700 --> 03:54:51,700
lead. 
You back to that same bed begins

4139
03:54:51,700 --> 03:54:54,500
again. 
As inevitable and natural as the

4140
03:54:54,500 --> 03:54:58,900
sun's path across the sky 
chapter 9, the cultural meaning 

4141
03:54:58,900 --> 03:55:02,100
of sleep sleeping, Tudor 
England, carried, meaning that 

4142
03:55:02,100 --> 03:55:05,700
extended far beyond the simple, 
biological need for rest. 

4143
03:55:06,600 --> 03:55:10,800
How you slept where you slept, 
what you wore and what 

4144
03:55:10,808 --> 03:55:14,200
surrounded you, while sleeping 
all these reflected and 

4145
03:55:14,200 --> 03:55:18,100
reinforced the social order, 
spiritual beliefs and 

4146
03:55:18,100 --> 03:55:21,700
philosophical understanding of 
human nature at the most basic 

4147
03:55:21,700 --> 03:55:24,100
level sleep represented 
vulnerability. 

4148
03:55:24,800 --> 03:55:27,600
While sleeping you couldn't 
defend yourself, couldn't 

4149
03:55:27,600 --> 03:55:30,900
maintain social masks and 
couldn't control your behavior 

4150
03:55:30,900 --> 03:55:34,100
or appearance. 
This made the sleeping chamber, 

4151
03:55:34,100 --> 03:55:38,200
a space, requiring protection, 
both physical and spiritual. 

4152
03:55:39,200 --> 03:55:42,400
Prayers before bed weren't just 
empty ritual, they expressed 

4153
03:55:42,400 --> 03:55:44,900
genuine concern about the 
helpless hours ahead. 

4154
03:55:44,900 --> 03:55:49,900
The bed itself carried enormous 
symbolic weight, When you made a

4155
03:55:49,900 --> 03:55:53,600
will and most people of any 
means made Wills, you 

4156
03:55:53,600 --> 03:55:57,500
specifically, bequeath your bed,
naming it, as a valuable asset 

4157
03:55:57,500 --> 03:55:59,400
to be passed to particular 
Aires. 

4158
03:56:00,900 --> 03:56:05,600
The bed represented, security, 
Domesticity and the private life

4159
03:56:05,600 --> 03:56:08,900
of the family. 
To inherit someone's bed meant 

4160
03:56:08,900 --> 03:56:10,200
more than gaining a physical 
object. 

4161
03:56:10,200 --> 03:56:14,500
It meant taking on a piece of 
their domestic Legacy marriage 

4162
03:56:14,500 --> 03:56:16,300
beds, held particular 
significant. 

4163
03:56:16,300 --> 03:56:20,200
The marriage bed was blessed by 
the church and the act of being 

4164
03:56:20,200 --> 03:56:22,700
bedded. 
The ceremonial putting to bed of

4165
03:56:22,708 --> 03:56:26,500
the new bride and groom marked 
the transition to married life. 

4166
03:56:27,300 --> 03:56:29,100
Witnesses. 
Might actually accompany the 

4167
03:56:29,108 --> 03:56:31,000
couple to the bed chamber, 
though. 

4168
03:56:31,000 --> 03:56:34,100
They'd leave before, 
consummation occurred the bed, 

4169
03:56:34,100 --> 03:56:37,100
thus, served as both symbol and 
Stage for one of life's most 

4170
03:56:37,100 --> 03:56:40,700
important transitions deaths, 
occurred in the same beds. 

4171
03:56:40,700 --> 03:56:44,400
Most people died at home in 
their own beds, surrounded by 

4172
03:56:44,400 --> 03:56:47,200
family. 
The bed witnessed your birth. 

4173
03:56:47,200 --> 03:56:50,700
If you were born at home your 
conception your wedding night, 

4174
03:56:50,700 --> 03:56:54,800
your children's births, and 
finally, your death If you 

4175
03:56:54,808 --> 03:56:58,300
pieces of furniture participated
so intimately in life's major 

4176
03:56:58,300 --> 03:57:02,000
passages, social hierarchy 
expressed itself in sleeping 

4177
03:57:02,000 --> 03:57:04,000
arrangements with remarkable 
clarity. 

4178
03:57:04,900 --> 03:57:09,100
Servants, slept on straw pallets
on Floors or in attics middling 

4179
03:57:09,100 --> 03:57:13,300
folks slept in proper beds with 
decent mattresses. the wealthy 

4180
03:57:13,300 --> 03:57:16,700
slept, in massive, poster, beds 
with expensive hangings, feather

4181
03:57:16,700 --> 03:57:20,200
mattresses, and finally, in 
where you slept and what you 

4182
03:57:20,200 --> 03:57:23,100
slept on announced your status, 
as surely as your clothing did 

4183
03:57:23,100 --> 03:57:26,600
during waking hours dreams, held
significance, that modern 

4184
03:57:26,600 --> 03:57:31,000
psychology doesn't quite capture
Tudor people believed dreams 

4185
03:57:31,000 --> 03:57:34,900
could carry messages from God, 
from angels, from the 

4186
03:57:34,900 --> 03:57:38,400
subconscious mind, struggling 
with waking problems or 

4187
03:57:38,400 --> 03:57:42,800
sometimes from darker sources. 
Prophetic dreams, warning, 

4188
03:57:42,800 --> 03:57:47,000
dreams dreams that revealed 
Hidden Truths, all these 

4189
03:57:47,000 --> 03:57:48,700
appeared in literature and folk 
belief. 

4190
03:57:49,400 --> 03:57:52,100
You might consult an almanac or 
a priest about the meaning of a 

4191
03:57:52,108 --> 03:57:55,100
particularly Vivid, or 
disturbing dream, the 

4192
03:57:55,100 --> 03:57:57,800
vulnerability of sleep, make 
people care about who could 

4193
03:57:57,800 --> 03:58:01,400
observe them sleeping. 
Servants might see their masters

4194
03:58:01,400 --> 03:58:04,800
in night clothes, but this was 
part of the intimate household 

4195
03:58:04,800 --> 03:58:07,900
relationship. 
Balance by mutual dependencies 

4196
03:58:07,900 --> 03:58:11,400
and understood boundaries. 
Strangers seeing you sleep 

4197
03:58:11,400 --> 03:58:16,100
though represented a kind of 
violation, your guard was down 

4198
03:58:16,100 --> 03:58:19,800
your face. 
Relaxed into its true form and 

4199
03:58:19,800 --> 03:58:22,400
your body positioned without the
careful control. 

4200
03:58:22,400 --> 03:58:26,000
You maintained while awake 
medical Theory connected sleep 

4201
03:58:26,000 --> 03:58:29,600
to the body's humeral balance 
Sleep allowed, the digestive 

4202
03:58:29,600 --> 03:58:34,000
system to process food, the body
to repair itself and the Brain 

4203
03:58:34,000 --> 03:58:37,400
to clear itself of vapors 
accumulated during waking hours.

4204
03:58:38,300 --> 03:58:41,100
Too much sleep made, you 
sluggish and flagged magnetic. 

4205
03:58:42,000 --> 03:58:44,400
Too little sleep. 
Dried out the body's fluids 

4206
03:58:44,400 --> 03:58:46,700
leading. 
Tolerate irritability. 

4207
03:58:47,700 --> 03:58:51,500
The right amount of sleep which 
varied by age Constitution and 

4208
03:58:51,500 --> 03:58:55,600
seasoning maintained equilibrium
different phases of Life, 

4209
03:58:55,600 --> 03:58:57,200
required different amounts of 
sleep. 

4210
03:58:58,000 --> 03:58:59,500
Babies and young children 
needed. 

4211
03:58:59,500 --> 03:59:03,000
Much sleep for proper growth, 
adults in their Prime needed, 

4212
03:59:03,000 --> 03:59:06,900
moderates, sleep enough for 
health, but not so much at 

4213
03:59:06,900 --> 03:59:10,100
encouraged laziness. 
Elderly people naturally 

4214
03:59:10,100 --> 03:59:14,000
required less their body's 
winding down toward life's end. 

4215
03:59:15,000 --> 03:59:18,600
These patterns seemed obvious 
through observation and folk 

4216
03:59:18,600 --> 03:59:21,700
wisdom, aligned reasonably well 
with what modern sleep science 

4217
03:59:21,700 --> 03:59:25,200
has since confirmed seasonal 
sleep patterns, reflected the 

4218
03:59:25,200 --> 03:59:28,800
agricultural calendar, winter 
allowed slightly longer sleep 

4219
03:59:28,800 --> 03:59:31,300
periods, since less daylight 
meant fewer workouts. 

4220
03:59:32,300 --> 03:59:36,300
Some are demanded earlier rising
to make use of long days though 

4221
03:59:36,300 --> 03:59:38,100
after noon rests might 
compensate. 

4222
03:59:38,900 --> 03:59:42,400
The wealthy less tied to 
agricultural rhythms could 

4223
03:59:42,400 --> 03:59:45,100
maintain more consistent 
schedules though. 

4224
03:59:45,100 --> 03:59:48,600
Even they adjusted somewhat to 
seasonal light changes religious

4225
03:59:48,600 --> 03:59:51,600
observance intersected with 
sleep in multiple ways. 

4226
03:59:52,700 --> 03:59:55,000
Monks and nuns Rose for night 
prayers. 

4227
03:59:55,000 --> 03:59:59,000
The night offices, that divided 
sleep into segments different 

4228
03:59:59,000 --> 04:00:01,600
from the late pattern of first 
and second sleep. 

4229
04:00:02,500 --> 04:00:05,600
Devoutly people might rise at 
midnight for private prayers, 

4230
04:00:05,600 --> 04:00:10,600
imitating, monastic practice. 
Religious holidays might involve

4231
04:00:10,600 --> 04:00:14,300
night vigils or Dawn procession 
that disrupted normal. 

4232
04:00:14,300 --> 04:00:16,900
Sleep patterns. 
The language people used about 

4233
04:00:16,900 --> 04:00:20,300
sleep carried. 
Moral overtones to be a slugger 

4234
04:00:20,300 --> 04:00:22,100
bed. 
Someone who stayed too long in 

4235
04:00:22,108 --> 04:00:26,900
bed implied, moral failure, 
laziness and lack of virtue. 

4236
04:00:26,900 --> 04:00:31,500
The early riser, demonstrated 
industry godliness and proper 

4237
04:00:31,500 --> 04:00:35,300
household management. 
Early to bed and early to rise 

4238
04:00:35,300 --> 04:00:37,400
makes a man. 
Healthy wealthy and wise 

4239
04:00:37,400 --> 04:00:39,300
captured. 
This attitude though that 

4240
04:00:39,300 --> 04:00:42,600
specific formulation came 
slightly later than the Tudor 

4241
04:00:42,600 --> 04:00:45,500
period sleep made you equal to 
everyone else in a way. 

4242
04:00:46,100 --> 04:00:48,500
The nobleman, and the peasant, 
both needed sleep. 

4243
04:00:48,500 --> 04:00:51,800
Both experienced dreams and both
lay helpless in the dark. 

4244
04:00:52,700 --> 04:00:55,900
This temporary equality perhaps 
made sleep slightly troubling to

4245
04:00:55,900 --> 04:00:59,400
social hierarchies, it suggested
that beneath the elaborate 

4246
04:00:59,400 --> 04:01:02,700
social structures, All Humans 
shared basic needs and 

4247
04:01:02,700 --> 04:01:06,600
experiences that no amount of 
wealth or status could eliminate

4248
04:01:06,600 --> 04:01:10,300
literature of the period use 
sleep as a metaphor and plot 

4249
04:01:10,300 --> 04:01:13,800
device extensively. 
Shakespeare writing at the tail 

4250
04:01:13,800 --> 04:01:16,900
end of this era, filled his 
plays, with sleep imagery 

4251
04:01:16,900 --> 04:01:21,600
innocent sleep, that knits up 
the raveled sleave of care, the 

4252
04:01:21,600 --> 04:01:24,700
sleep of death. 
And the prophetic dreams that 

4253
04:01:24,700 --> 04:01:28,700
advanced plots or reveal 
characters in a state's His 

4254
04:01:28,700 --> 04:01:30,900
audience is understood these 
references in immediately 

4255
04:01:30,900 --> 04:01:33,000
because sleep held such cultural
weight. 

4256
04:01:33,000 --> 04:01:36,600
The position you slept in 
supposedly revealed character 

4257
04:01:36,600 --> 04:01:39,500
traits. 
Sleeping on your back indicated.

4258
04:01:39,500 --> 04:01:42,400
An open honest nature. 
Side. 

4259
04:01:42,400 --> 04:01:44,200
Sleeping showed balance and 
moderation. 

4260
04:01:45,200 --> 04:01:48,600
Sleeping on your stomach 
suggested, secretiveness or 

4261
04:01:48,600 --> 04:01:52,100
devious Tendencies. 
Whether anyone actually believe 

4262
04:01:52,100 --> 04:01:55,800
this or just found it amusing as
hard to say, but the existence 

4263
04:01:55,800 --> 04:01:58,600
of such folklore shows that even
unconsciously sleeping 

4264
04:01:58,600 --> 04:02:02,100
positions, carried meaning, 
nightmares, required spiritual 

4265
04:02:02,100 --> 04:02:06,800
explanation, The term itself 
comes from Nightmare a demon or 

4266
04:02:06,800 --> 04:02:10,300
evil spirit that sat on your 
chest, while you slept, causing 

4267
04:02:10,300 --> 04:02:12,200
bad dreams and difficulty 
breathing. 

4268
04:02:13,600 --> 04:02:17,000
Other cultures had similar 
Concepts the succubus and 

4269
04:02:17,000 --> 04:02:21,400
Incubus of medieval belief. 
Spiritual Beings that visited 

4270
04:02:21,400 --> 04:02:23,200
sleepers with various 
intentions. 

4271
04:02:24,400 --> 04:02:27,400
Whether people literally 
believed in these entities, or 

4272
04:02:27,400 --> 04:02:30,300
use them as explanations for 
Sleep phenomenal, like, sleep, 

4273
04:02:30,300 --> 04:02:34,200
paralysis varied among 
individuals and regions the 

4274
04:02:34,200 --> 04:02:37,800
continuity between sleep and 
death, the resemblance of the 

4275
04:02:37,800 --> 04:02:42,000
sleeping body to a quartz made 
sleep, both natural and slightly

4276
04:02:42,000 --> 04:02:44,600
uncanny. 
You surrendered Consciousness, 

4277
04:02:44,600 --> 04:02:49,200
trusted that you'd wake, again, 
could not guarantee it every 

4278
04:02:49,200 --> 04:02:52,000
night involved a small Act of 
Faith that this sleep wouldn't 

4279
04:02:52,000 --> 04:02:55,600
become permanently. 
Morning prayers often included. 

4280
04:02:55,600 --> 04:02:59,000
Thanks for being allowed to wait
and acknowledgment that survival

4281
04:02:59,000 --> 04:03:00,600
through the night wasn't 
automatic. 

4282
04:03:00,600 --> 04:03:03,800
This Rich web of meaning 
surrounding sleep. 

4283
04:03:03,800 --> 04:03:07,700
Made it far more than a 
biological necessity Sleep, 

4284
04:03:07,700 --> 04:03:12,000
represented, spiritual States 
Social positions, moral 

4285
04:03:12,000 --> 04:03:14,900
qualities, and existential 
concerns. 

4286
04:03:15,700 --> 04:03:19,300
The rituals surrounding sleep, 
the prayers, the careful 

4287
04:03:19,300 --> 04:03:22,000
preparations. 
The symbolic objects. 

4288
04:03:22,000 --> 04:03:24,300
Like blessed medallions. 
Hung near beds. 

4289
04:03:25,000 --> 04:03:28,800
Addressed, these multiple layers
of meaning acknowledging that 

4290
04:03:28,800 --> 04:03:32,200
when you close your eyes, each 
night, you entered a realm where

4291
04:03:32,200 --> 04:03:35,000
the normal rules were suspended 
and something else, something 

4292
04:03:35,000 --> 04:03:37,600
both dangerous and necessary 
took over until dawn. 

4293
04:03:38,400 --> 04:03:41,500
And so we come to the end of our
nighttime journey through Tudor 

4294
04:03:41,500 --> 04:03:43,900
England. 
You've experienced the full 

4295
04:03:43,900 --> 04:03:48,100
cycle from dust for Shadows 
through the depth of night, to 

4296
04:03:48,100 --> 04:03:51,800
mornings, gradual return. 
You felt the weight of wool 

4297
04:03:51,800 --> 04:03:56,300
blanket on a cold night. 
Her the sound of darkness and 

4298
04:03:56,300 --> 04:03:58,100
understood The rhythms of 
segmented. 

4299
04:03:58,100 --> 04:04:01,600
Sleep in the cultural meaning as
woven through every aspect of 

4300
04:04:01,600 --> 04:04:03,900
rest. 
The modern world has gained much

4301
04:04:03,900 --> 04:04:07,100
in comfort and convenience, but 
it has lost something too. 

4302
04:04:07,900 --> 04:04:11,800
That deeper alignment with 
natural rhythms that acceptance 

4303
04:04:11,800 --> 04:04:14,300
of darkness and its own 
particular GIFs. 

4304
04:04:14,900 --> 04:04:18,100
That sense of sleep as something
more than mere unconsciousness 

4305
04:04:18,100 --> 04:04:20,200
between productive waking 
periods. 

4306
04:04:21,000 --> 04:04:24,000
To people for all their 
discomforts and challenges, knew

4307
04:04:24,000 --> 04:04:27,300
how to rest in ways. 
We've largely forgotten, perhaps

4308
04:04:27,300 --> 04:04:29,800
there's wisdom in their 
practices that we might recover 

4309
04:04:29,800 --> 04:04:33,900
not by returning to straw 
mattresses and chamber pots but 

4310
04:04:33,900 --> 04:04:37,600
by remembering that sleep 
deserves respect that Darkness 

4311
04:04:37,600 --> 04:04:40,500
has value. 
And that rest is not idleness 

4312
04:04:40,500 --> 04:04:45,500
but renewal As you drift towards
sleep in your own time, in your 

4313
04:04:45,508 --> 04:04:48,308
own bed. 
Perhaps you can carry a bit of 

4314
04:04:48,316 --> 04:04:52,200
Tudor wisdom with you. the 
acceptance of natural rhythms, 

4315
04:04:52,200 --> 04:04:56,700
the appreciation for simple 
Comforts and the understanding 

4316
04:04:56,700 --> 04:05:00,100
that a good night's rest is not 
a luxury, but a fundamental 

4317
04:05:00,100 --> 04:05:04,700
human need on by Generations, 
who slept before you and those 

4318
04:05:04,700 --> 04:05:07,900
who will sleep after your gone 
sleep well, whenever and 

4319
04:05:07,900 --> 04:05:17,500
wherever you find your rest, 
Picture London on a warm 

4320
04:05:17,500 --> 04:05:19,600
evening. 
In late August, 1939. 

4321
04:05:20,800 --> 04:05:23,900
The Sun is setting over the 
Thames, painting, the sky in 

4322
04:05:23,900 --> 04:05:27,500
shades of Amber and Rose that 
reflect off the river's surface 

4323
04:05:27,500 --> 04:05:30,800
like liquid copper. 
Street lamps are beginning their

4324
04:05:30,800 --> 04:05:34,200
nightly ritual, that gentle 
flickering as they come to life,

4325
04:05:34,200 --> 04:05:37,900
one by one, creating cools of 
yellow warmth along the 

4326
04:05:37,900 --> 04:05:41,200
Pavements. 
Shop Windows glow with displays 

4327
04:05:41,200 --> 04:05:44,800
of summer dresses and wireless 
sets, casting, rectangles of 

4328
04:05:44,800 --> 04:05:48,900
light onto the sidewalks where 
couples stroll arm in arm their 

4329
04:05:48,900 --> 04:05:51,100
Shadows long and lazy in the 
golden hour. 

4330
04:05:51,900 --> 04:05:54,700
You can hear the particular 
sounds of a city in its evening 

4331
04:05:54,700 --> 04:05:57,600
mode. 
The rumble of red double decker 

4332
04:05:57,600 --> 04:06:01,600
buses, the clip-clop of delivery
horses making their final rounds

4333
04:06:01,600 --> 04:06:05,500
and the cheerful Ting of bicycle
bells as workers, pedal home for

4334
04:06:05,500 --> 04:06:08,400
supper. 
From open Windows, come to the 

4335
04:06:08,408 --> 04:06:13,000
smell of cooking roast dinners, 
boiled potatoes, and the yeasty 

4336
04:06:13,000 --> 04:06:17,600
warmth of fresh bread. 
Radio's played dance, music, the

4337
04:06:17,600 --> 04:06:20,700
kind with horns and steady, 
rhythms that make your foot, tap

4338
04:06:20,700 --> 04:06:24,300
out thinking about it. 
In Paris, the cafes are feeling 

4339
04:06:24,300 --> 04:06:27,700
with their usual evening crowd. 
The Eiffel Tower stands 

4340
04:06:27,700 --> 04:06:29,800
illuminated against the 
darkening Sky. 

4341
04:06:29,800 --> 04:06:34,300
Its iron lattice outlined in the
electric Brilliance like a piece

4342
04:06:34,300 --> 04:06:38,200
of jewelry against velvet. 
There are neon signs advertising

4343
04:06:38,200 --> 04:06:40,600
a parody. 
Warm light coming from 

4344
04:06:40,600 --> 04:06:43,900
restaurant interiors, and the 
headlamps of citroen's and 

4345
04:06:43,900 --> 04:06:47,200
Reno's making rivers of light 
along the Sean Sally's, easy. 

4346
04:06:48,100 --> 04:06:52,000
Treat musicians play accordion 
on Corners, the cases, open for 

4347
04:06:52,000 --> 04:06:54,700
coins, that clink with a 
satisfying metallic ring. 

4348
04:06:55,700 --> 04:07:00,500
Berlin 2 is based in light, the 
grand buildings along unto Den, 

4349
04:07:00,500 --> 04:07:03,600
Linden a floodlit. 
Then neoclassical facades 

4350
04:07:03,600 --> 04:07:08,600
standing proud and imposing. 
The shops, stay open late, their

4351
04:07:08,600 --> 04:07:11,300
Windows full of goods, that 
speak of prosperity and Order. 

4352
04:07:12,000 --> 04:07:15,400
Electric trams. 
Come along their tracks, their 

4353
04:07:15,400 --> 04:07:18,400
Interiors bright, and modern 
filled with passengers, reading 

4354
04:07:18,400 --> 04:07:20,600
newspapers or chatting about 
their days. 

4355
04:07:21,600 --> 04:07:24,300
These cities have spent decades 
building their electrical 

4356
04:07:24,300 --> 04:07:27,200
infrastructure. 
Stringing miles of cable, 

4357
04:07:27,200 --> 04:07:31,000
installing countless fixtures 
and creating networks of 

4358
04:07:31,000 --> 04:07:34,400
Illumination that have become as
fundamental to Urban Life as 

4359
04:07:34,400 --> 04:07:38,600
running water or paved streets. 
The age of electric light is 

4360
04:07:38,600 --> 04:07:42,300
barely 50 years old, still. 
Young enough to feel miraculous.

4361
04:07:43,200 --> 04:07:45,100
People who grew up with oil 
lamps and candles. 

4362
04:07:45,100 --> 04:07:48,900
Now flip switches without 
thinking Banishing, Darkness 

4363
04:07:48,900 --> 04:07:51,600
with the Casual gesture that 
would have seemed like sorcery 

4364
04:07:51,600 --> 04:07:55,500
to their grandparents. 
But on September 1st 1939, 

4365
04:07:55,500 --> 04:07:59,500
Everything Changes, Germany 
invades Poland, and within 

4366
04:07:59,500 --> 04:08:02,700
hours, Britain, and France are 
making preparations that have 

4367
04:08:02,700 --> 04:08:04,400
been planned in secret for 
months. 

4368
04:08:05,400 --> 04:08:08,500
Government officials retrieve 
documents from locked safes. 

4369
04:08:08,500 --> 04:08:12,500
Civil defense workers report to 
their posts and ordinary 

4370
04:08:12,500 --> 04:08:15,700
citizens receiving instructions.
That will alter the appearance 

4371
04:08:15,700 --> 04:08:19,400
of their world in ways, both 
profound and peculiar. 

4372
04:08:20,200 --> 04:08:23,200
The blackout is coming. 
You might wonder why Darkness 

4373
04:08:23,200 --> 04:08:25,100
would be chosen as a defense 
strategy. 

4374
04:08:25,100 --> 04:08:27,700
The logic is straightforward, 
but chilling. 

4375
04:08:28,500 --> 04:08:31,600
Bombers, navigating at night, 
need visual reference points to 

4376
04:08:31,600 --> 04:08:35,100
find their targets. 
A city Ablaze with light is as 

4377
04:08:35,100 --> 04:08:38,400
easy to spot from the air as a 
lighthouse on a dark Coast. 

4378
04:08:39,200 --> 04:08:42,400
Remove that light and the 
bombers are flying over an 

4379
04:08:42,400 --> 04:08:45,500
invisible landscape. 
Unable to distinguish a 

4380
04:08:45,500 --> 04:08:48,800
Munitions Factory from a 
residential neighborhood or a 

4381
04:08:48,800 --> 04:08:52,200
railway Junktion, from a park. 
So, the decision is made. 

4382
04:08:53,100 --> 04:08:55,500
When night falls, the lights 
must go out. 

4383
04:08:56,400 --> 04:09:00,300
Not just some lights or most 
lights, but all lights. 

4384
04:09:01,100 --> 04:09:04,500
Every window must be covered 
every Street Lamp extinguished 

4385
04:09:04,500 --> 04:09:08,400
and every card driven with 
hooded headlamps that cast, only

4386
04:09:08,400 --> 04:09:12,400
the faintest glow. 
The great cities of Europe will 

4387
04:09:12,400 --> 04:09:15,600
disappear from view pulled 
beneath the blanket of Darkness 

4388
04:09:15,600 --> 04:09:18,600
as complete as any medieval 
village new. 

4389
04:09:19,400 --> 04:09:21,900
The preparations happen with 
remarkable speed. 

4390
04:09:22,900 --> 04:09:26,800
Shops sell out of black fabric 
within hours, hardware stores 

4391
04:09:26,800 --> 04:09:29,300
run out of paint, tape 
cardboard. 

4392
04:09:29,300 --> 04:09:33,700
Anything that might be used to 
block light the government has 

4393
04:09:33,700 --> 04:09:37,300
printed millions of leaflets 
explaining the regulations and 

4394
04:09:37,300 --> 04:09:40,900
these appear in letterboxes like
strange invitations to a 

4395
04:09:40,900 --> 04:09:44,300
backwards party where the goal 
is to extinguish rather than 

4396
04:09:44,300 --> 04:09:48,300
illuminate You can imagine the 
conversations happening in homes

4397
04:09:48,300 --> 04:09:50,200
across Britain that first 
weekend of September. 

4398
04:09:51,300 --> 04:09:54,600
Families standing in their 
parlors looking at their windows

4399
04:09:54,600 --> 04:09:57,400
with Newfound assessment 
calculating. 

4400
04:09:57,400 --> 04:09:59,600
How many yards of material 
they'll need? 

4401
04:09:59,600 --> 04:10:03,400
Whether thick curtains will 
suffice or if they'll need 

4402
04:10:03,400 --> 04:10:08,200
something more substantial? 
There's an odd Domesticity to 

4403
04:10:08,200 --> 04:10:12,300
these calculations as if their 
redecorating for some peculiar 

4404
04:10:12,300 --> 04:10:14,900
aesthetic preference rather than
preparing for war. 

4405
04:10:15,600 --> 04:10:19,600
The instructions are specific 
and somewhat over Windows must 

4406
04:10:19,600 --> 04:10:21,700
be covered. 
So thoroughly that not a crack 

4407
04:10:21,700 --> 04:10:25,200
of light escapes. 
This includes skylights glass 

4408
04:10:25,200 --> 04:10:28,100
doors and even the tiny windows 
in bathrooms. 

4409
04:10:28,900 --> 04:10:32,900
The penalty for showing light is
not insignificant. finds that 

4410
04:10:32,900 --> 04:10:36,900
could strain A Working Families 
budget and more importantly, the

4411
04:10:36,900 --> 04:10:39,800
social pressure of knowing that 
your carelessness might endanger

4412
04:10:39,800 --> 04:10:42,900
your neighbors On September 3rd,
Britain. 

4413
04:10:42,900 --> 04:10:46,000
Officially declares war on 
Germany that evening as 

4414
04:10:46,000 --> 04:10:48,000
Darkness. 
Approaches the blackout begins 

4415
04:10:48,000 --> 04:10:51,600
in earnest. 
Sunday, traditionally a day of 

4416
04:10:51,608 --> 04:10:54,500
rest, the family, dinners and 
evening strolls. 

4417
04:10:55,200 --> 04:10:58,000
But this Sunday evening will be 
different from any of the nation

4418
04:10:58,000 --> 04:11:01,800
has known in living memory. 
The sun sets at approximately 

4419
04:11:01,800 --> 04:11:07,700
7:30 p.m. on that first blackout
evening in early September 1939.

4420
04:11:09,100 --> 04:11:12,700
Twilight deepens, you would 
notice something extraordinary 

4421
04:11:12,700 --> 04:11:15,500
happening or rather not 
happening. 

4422
04:11:16,400 --> 04:11:19,600
The usual sequence of Lights 
Awakening across the city simply

4423
04:11:19,600 --> 04:11:21,900
doesn't occur. 
The street lamps. 

4424
04:11:21,900 --> 04:11:24,800
Remained dark shop windows. 
Stay unlit. 

4425
04:11:25,600 --> 04:11:29,000
The Familiar glow that typically
begins to Define buildings and 

4426
04:11:29,000 --> 04:11:33,000
streets remained absent. 
Instead there's a collective 

4427
04:11:33,000 --> 04:11:36,500
dimming as if someone is slowly 
turning down the brightness 

4428
04:11:36,500 --> 04:11:41,000
control on the entire world. 
As the last and natural light 

4429
04:11:41,000 --> 04:11:45,100
Fades from the west and Sky, 
Darkness arrives with unusual 

4430
04:11:45,100 --> 04:11:48,600
completeness. 
Not the partial darkness of a 

4431
04:11:48,600 --> 04:11:52,700
normal night punctuated by 
human-made illumination that 

4432
04:11:52,700 --> 04:11:55,100
something approaching the 
darkness of the countryside or 

4433
04:11:55,100 --> 04:11:57,900
Wilderness. 
The kind of dark that City 

4434
04:11:57,900 --> 04:12:00,900
dwellers might encounter only on
camping trip or during power 

4435
04:12:00,900 --> 04:12:04,500
outages. 
The cycle impact is in media and

4436
04:12:04,500 --> 04:12:09,300
disorienting Human beings have 
an ancient hardwired response to

4437
04:12:09,300 --> 04:12:13,200
Darkness. 
We are diurnal creatures adapted

4438
04:12:13,200 --> 04:12:15,600
for daylight activity and are 
nervous. 

4439
04:12:15,600 --> 04:12:19,000
Systems treat Darkness as a 
signal for rest or potential 

4440
04:12:19,000 --> 04:12:22,200
Danger. 
For thousands of years, Darkness

4441
04:12:22,200 --> 04:12:25,900
meant Retreat to shelter 
gathering around fires and 

4442
04:12:25,900 --> 04:12:28,500
seizing productive, activity 
until sunrise. 

4443
04:12:29,200 --> 04:12:33,700
Electric light changed all that.
Extending the day are fishy 

4444
04:12:33,700 --> 04:12:35,900
allowing cities to function 
Around the Clock. 

4445
04:12:36,700 --> 04:12:40,000
Now suddenly that ancient 
relationship with darkness is 

4446
04:12:40,000 --> 04:12:44,000
restored but in an urban context
where it feels profoundly 

4447
04:12:44,000 --> 04:12:48,100
unnatural your surrounded by 
buildings and streets the 

4448
04:12:48,100 --> 04:12:49,600
infrastructure of modern 
civilization. 

4449
04:12:49,600 --> 04:12:54,600
Yet experiencing a darkness that
belongs to a pre-industrial era.

4450
04:12:55,300 --> 04:12:59,100
It creates a kind of temporal 
vertigo as if you've traveled 

4451
04:12:59,100 --> 04:13:01,800
backward in time while remaining
physically in the present. 

4452
04:13:03,100 --> 04:13:04,800
The first challenge is simply 
moving around. 

4453
04:13:05,700 --> 04:13:08,700
Walking down a familiar Street, 
becomes an exercise, in careful 

4454
04:13:08,700 --> 04:13:12,400
navigation, your eyes, strained 
to distinguish shapes and the 

4455
04:13:12,400 --> 04:13:14,600
glue. 
The outline of a pillow box, the

4456
04:13:14,600 --> 04:13:18,800
curve of a curb silhouette of 
another person approaching curbs

4457
04:13:18,800 --> 04:13:22,700
and steps become hazards. 
More than one person trips over 

4458
04:13:22,700 --> 04:13:24,900
their own doorstep. 
In those early blackout, 

4459
04:13:24,900 --> 04:13:28,000
evenings misjudging distances in
the absence of light. 

4460
04:13:28,800 --> 04:13:33,300
Cars and buses face even greater
challenges vehicle headlamps 

4461
04:13:33,300 --> 04:13:36,500
must be fitted with special 
covers that restrict their light

4462
04:13:36,500 --> 04:13:40,300
to a tiny slit casting only the 
weakest beam onto the road 

4463
04:13:40,300 --> 04:13:43,700
ahead. 
Imagine driving at walking speed

4464
04:13:43,700 --> 04:13:45,700
appearing through your 
windshield. 

4465
04:13:45,700 --> 04:13:49,500
At a street, you can barely see 
watching for pedestrians who 

4466
04:13:49,500 --> 04:13:53,000
appear as mere shadows and 
trying to avoid other vehicles 

4467
04:13:53,000 --> 04:13:54,600
that are equally difficult to 
spot. 

4468
04:13:56,100 --> 04:13:59,200
The accident rate in these early
blackout days, spikes 

4469
04:13:59,200 --> 04:14:01,800
alarmingly. 
Collisions between Vehicles, 

4470
04:14:01,800 --> 04:14:06,800
cars striking pedestrians and 
people walking into lampposts or

4471
04:14:06,800 --> 04:14:10,200
falling into gutters. 
There's a particular comedy to 

4472
04:14:10,208 --> 04:14:13,200
some of these mishaps though. 
Nobody finds them funny at the 

4473
04:14:13,208 --> 04:14:16,300
time. 
Respectable citizens, stumble 

4474
04:14:16,300 --> 04:14:21,100
into Hedges delivery boys. 
Cycle into parked cars, a bishop

4475
04:14:21,100 --> 04:14:22,600
walking home from evening 
service. 

4476
04:14:22,600 --> 04:14:25,900
Mistakes are strangers. 
Front gate for his own and spend

4477
04:14:25,900 --> 04:14:29,100
several confused minutes trying 
to unlock it before realising 

4478
04:14:29,100 --> 04:14:31,900
his error. 
These little disasters, become 

4479
04:14:31,900 --> 04:14:36,100
part of the blackout experience 
stories to share over tea and 

4480
04:14:36,100 --> 04:14:38,600
evidence that everyone is 
struggling with the same 

4481
04:14:38,600 --> 04:14:41,700
Strange. 
New Reality, the government's 

4482
04:14:41,700 --> 04:14:45,400
Airaid precautions wardens 
quickly, nicknamed ARP wardens, 

4483
04:14:45,400 --> 04:14:48,600
begin their Patrols. 
These are ordinary citizens, 

4484
04:14:48,600 --> 04:14:52,200
volunteers and part-timers given
the authority to enforce 

4485
04:14:52,200 --> 04:14:55,400
blackout regulations. 
They walk the streets with 

4486
04:14:55,400 --> 04:14:58,900
masked torches watching for any 
violation. 

4487
04:14:58,900 --> 04:15:02,200
Any crack of light that might 
betray a city's presence to 

4488
04:15:02,200 --> 04:15:05,900
aircraft overhead. 
The wardens develop a certain 

4489
04:15:05,900 --> 04:15:09,800
reputation for zealousness. 
Will not sharply on doors. 

4490
04:15:09,800 --> 04:15:13,200
At the faintest glimpse of 
light, their voice is carrying 

4491
04:15:13,200 --> 04:15:14,900
through the darkness with 
urgent. 

4492
04:15:14,900 --> 04:15:19,400
Whispers, put that light out, 
the phrase becomes so common, it

4493
04:15:19,400 --> 04:15:22,800
turns into a kind of Catchphrase
repeated in music halls and 

4494
04:15:22,800 --> 04:15:27,200
radio, comedies of verbal of the
blackouts intrusion into private

4495
04:15:27,200 --> 04:15:29,600
life. 
Insight home's. 

4496
04:15:29,600 --> 04:15:32,200
Families, are adapting to their 
new evening routines. 

4497
04:15:32,200 --> 04:15:35,600
The process of preparing for 
blackout becomes a nightly 

4498
04:15:35,600 --> 04:15:39,400
ritual performed. 
As Twilight approaches You would

4499
04:15:39,400 --> 04:15:42,400
rise from your chair set down 
your tea and begin, the 

4500
04:15:42,400 --> 04:15:46,500
systematic covering of windows. 
Some families use elaborate 

4501
04:15:46,500 --> 04:15:50,400
curtain systems heavy fabric on 
tracks that slide into place. 

4502
04:15:51,100 --> 04:15:54,700
Others make do with simpler 
Solutions, blankets pinned over 

4503
04:15:54,708 --> 04:15:59,100
frames, sheets of cardboard 
wedged into place and layers of 

4504
04:15:59,100 --> 04:16:03,700
newspaper taped to glass. 
The effect on interior space is 

4505
04:16:03,700 --> 04:16:07,200
claustrophobic. 
With Windows covered rooms, lose

4506
04:16:07,200 --> 04:16:08,800
their connection to the outside 
world. 

4507
04:16:09,500 --> 04:16:12,500
You can't glance out to check. 
The weather, can't see the 

4508
04:16:12,500 --> 04:16:15,600
comforting glow of neighboring 
houses and can't watch the moon 

4509
04:16:15,600 --> 04:16:20,200
rise or stars appear your home 
becomes a sealed box cut off 

4510
04:16:20,200 --> 04:16:23,600
from the usual, visual reference
points that Orient you in time 

4511
04:16:23,600 --> 04:16:26,300
in space. 
Lighting inside must be 

4512
04:16:26,300 --> 04:16:29,800
carefully managed to many 
families reduce their use of 

4513
04:16:29,800 --> 04:16:33,900
electric lights, partly from 
habit saving resources for the 

4514
04:16:33,900 --> 04:16:37,700
war effort and partly from an 
almost superstitious fear that 

4515
04:16:37,700 --> 04:16:40,500
somehow light will escape 
despite their precautions. 

4516
04:16:41,500 --> 04:16:45,000
They rely on stead on single dim
bulbs or return to older 

4517
04:16:45,000 --> 04:16:48,600
Technologies oil lamps can 
handles and Gaslight where it 

4518
04:16:48,608 --> 04:16:51,500
still available. 
Quality of light changes 

4519
04:16:51,500 --> 04:16:55,400
becoming warmer but weaker 
creating Deep Shadows in room 

4520
04:16:55,400 --> 04:16:58,600
Corners, making reading 
difficult and turning evening 

4521
04:16:58,600 --> 04:17:02,800
hours into something. 
Quieter and more subdued There's

4522
04:17:02,800 --> 04:17:04,600
an economic Dimension to this 
Darkness too. 

4523
04:17:04,600 --> 04:17:08,600
Electric companies reduce their 
output as demand plummets. 

4524
04:17:08,600 --> 04:17:13,600
Coal consumption drops is power 
stations, throttle back Street 

4525
04:17:13,600 --> 04:17:16,100
Maintenance Crews. 
No longer need to service lamps.

4526
04:17:16,800 --> 04:17:20,600
The entire infrastructure of 
urban illumination built up over

4527
04:17:20,600 --> 04:17:24,400
decades sits idle. 
It's as if a major technological

4528
04:17:24,400 --> 04:17:27,600
achievement has been suddenly, 
paused put on hold for the 

4529
04:17:27,600 --> 04:17:30,600
duration. 
But perhaps the most striking 

4530
04:17:30,600 --> 04:17:33,400
aspect of these first blackout 
nights is the quiet. 

4531
04:17:34,200 --> 04:17:37,900
With activities, constrained by 
Darkness with people staying 

4532
04:17:37,900 --> 04:17:40,500
indoors more. 
And with traffic reduced to a 

4533
04:17:40,500 --> 04:17:45,600
cautious, crawl cities, become 
genuinely hushed in a way, they 

4534
04:17:45,600 --> 04:17:47,600
have not been since the 19th 
century. 

4535
04:17:49,200 --> 04:17:52,400
Standing on a London Street at 
9:00 on a blackout evening. 

4536
04:17:52,400 --> 04:17:55,700
You might hear sound that 
normally drowned in the urban 

4537
04:17:55,700 --> 04:17:58,600
cacophony. 
Wind rustling through plain 

4538
04:17:58,600 --> 04:18:02,100
trees. 
The distant hoot of an owl, in a

4539
04:18:02,100 --> 04:18:04,600
park. 
Your own footsteps, echoing off 

4540
04:18:04,600 --> 04:18:08,600
building for SARS The Creeks of 
your shoe leather and The 

4541
04:18:08,600 --> 04:18:13,300
Whisper of your coat. 
This quiet has its own peculiar 

4542
04:18:13,300 --> 04:18:16,100
quality. 
Different from the Silence of 

4543
04:18:16,100 --> 04:18:20,200
the countryside or wilderness. 
It's a metropolitan quiet. 

4544
04:18:20,200 --> 04:18:23,900
The sound of millions of people 
deliberately hushing themselves 

4545
04:18:23,900 --> 04:18:28,300
suppressing their normal 
activities and existing in a 

4546
04:18:28,300 --> 04:18:31,900
state of communal restraint. 
It feels pregnant with potential

4547
04:18:31,900 --> 04:18:35,700
as if the city is holding. 
Its breath waiting for something

4548
04:18:35,700 --> 04:18:40,100
to happen or not happen. 
The September progresses into 

4549
04:18:40,100 --> 04:18:42,500
October and October into 
November. 

4550
04:18:43,300 --> 04:18:47,100
The blackout stops being a 
shocking novelty and becomes 

4551
04:18:47,100 --> 04:18:48,900
Instead. 
The New Normal. 

4552
04:18:49,900 --> 04:18:53,300
Human beings are a remarkably 
adaptable creatures and people 

4553
04:18:53,300 --> 04:18:56,800
develop strategies habits and 
even preferences around their 

4554
04:18:56,800 --> 04:18:59,900
dark and existence. 
Shops, adjust their hours 

4555
04:18:59,900 --> 04:19:02,900
opening early to catch Morning, 
Light and closing. 

4556
04:19:02,900 --> 04:19:05,300
Well before Darkness makes 
shopping in practical. 

4557
04:19:06,300 --> 04:19:09,600
The rhythm of commercial life. 
Shifts backward becoming more 

4558
04:19:09,600 --> 04:19:12,600
diurnal, more aligned with 
natural light cycles. 

4559
04:19:13,500 --> 04:19:17,000
Markets bus at door in ways, 
they haven't for Generations. 

4560
04:19:17,800 --> 04:19:20,800
Office workers arrive, early and
leave early at trying to 

4561
04:19:20,808 --> 04:19:23,300
complete their commute. 
While the Sun's still offers 

4562
04:19:23,300 --> 04:19:26,600
some guidance. 
Fashion adapts to Darkness with 

4563
04:19:26,600 --> 04:19:30,700
unexpected creativity. 
People begin wearing white or 

4564
04:19:30,700 --> 04:19:32,400
light-colored clothing in the 
evenings. 

4565
04:19:32,400 --> 04:19:36,000
Making themselves more visible 
to others navigate the Gloom. 

4566
04:19:36,900 --> 04:19:41,100
Women carry their white handbags
rather than darker ones, Men 

4567
04:19:41,100 --> 04:19:43,400
Sport white handkerchiefs, in 
their breast pockets. 

4568
04:19:44,400 --> 04:19:47,400
Some particularly safety 
conscious individuals paint 

4569
04:19:47,400 --> 04:19:50,900
white stripes on their clothing.
Looking rather like zebras as 

4570
04:19:50,900 --> 04:19:54,200
they hurry along Pavements. 
The practice extends to 

4571
04:19:54,200 --> 04:19:57,600
inanimate objects. 
Curbs are painted white to make 

4572
04:19:57,600 --> 04:20:00,200
them visible. 
The trunks of trees lining 

4573
04:20:00,200 --> 04:20:04,400
streets, receive white bands, 
pillow boxes, get white stripes,

4574
04:20:04,400 --> 04:20:07,800
even dogs, acquire, white 
collars so they can be spotted 

4575
04:20:07,800 --> 04:20:11,400
in the Darkness. 
The effect glimpsed in what ever

4576
04:20:11,400 --> 04:20:15,700
dim light is available is oddly 
festive. as if the city has been

4577
04:20:15,708 --> 04:20:19,500
decorated, for some backward 
celebration where white rather 

4578
04:20:19,500 --> 04:20:23,500
than bright colors provide the 
decoration of Businesses find 

4579
04:20:23,500 --> 04:20:26,400
innovative ways to continue 
operating despite the darkness, 

4580
04:20:26,400 --> 04:20:29,200
restaurant's used dim red 
lights. 

4581
04:20:29,200 --> 04:20:32,000
That supposedly don't carry as 
far as white light. 

4582
04:20:33,000 --> 04:20:36,400
Cinema's schedule. 
More matatini showing pubs and 

4583
04:20:36,400 --> 04:20:39,900
stall, Double Door Systems, 
Smalling closed, lobbies were 

4584
04:20:39,900 --> 04:20:42,800
Patron's, can enter and close 
one door before opening the 

4585
04:20:42,800 --> 04:20:46,000
second preventing light, from 
spilling onto the street. 

4586
04:20:47,100 --> 04:20:50,000
These little airlocks become 
social spaces in themselves 

4587
04:20:50,000 --> 04:20:52,700
places where strangers paused 
together. 

4588
04:20:52,700 --> 04:20:57,000
In compressed transition zones, 
sharing apologetic, Smiles in 

4589
04:20:57,000 --> 04:21:00,600
the darkness before one of them 
Ventures to open the inner door.

4590
04:21:01,400 --> 04:21:03,900
The entertainment industry 
adapts with characteristic 

4591
04:21:03,900 --> 04:21:07,200
resilience. 
Radio becomes even more Central 

4592
04:21:07,200 --> 04:21:10,400
to evening life, providing 
entertainment, that requires no 

4593
04:21:10,400 --> 04:21:12,600
light Beyond what's needed to 
see the dial. 

4594
04:21:13,500 --> 04:21:16,500
Families, gather around their 
Wireless sets and dimly lit, 

4595
04:21:16,500 --> 04:21:20,400
rooms, following dramas and 
comedies listening to news 

4596
04:21:20,400 --> 04:21:23,000
broadcasts that have taken on 
new urgency. 

4597
04:21:24,600 --> 04:21:28,600
The BBC develops new programming
specifically suited to blackout 

4598
04:21:28,600 --> 04:21:32,300
conditions. 
Gentle Carmen content for people

4599
04:21:32,300 --> 04:21:36,200
sitting in dark and rooms trying
not to think too much about why 

4600
04:21:36,200 --> 04:21:37,700
they're sitting in darkened 
rooms. 

4601
04:21:38,800 --> 04:21:42,600
Reading becomes more challenging
even with curtains drawn and no 

4602
04:21:42,600 --> 04:21:44,400
light. 
Escaping many, people find it 

4603
04:21:44,400 --> 04:21:48,300
difficult to read by the dim 
bowls they allow themselves But 

4604
04:21:48,300 --> 04:21:51,000
books are held closer to faces 
causing ice drain. 

4605
04:21:51,900 --> 04:21:55,100
Some people ReDiscover, the 
pleasure of reading aloud with 

4606
04:21:55,100 --> 04:21:58,100
Partners or family members, 
taking turns performing stories 

4607
04:21:58,100 --> 04:22:02,500
or newspaper articles for each 
other. it's a practice that had 

4608
04:22:02,500 --> 04:22:06,100
largely died out with widespread
literacy and individual reading 

4609
04:22:06,100 --> 04:22:09,800
lights now, resurrected by 
necessity, and turning out to be

4610
04:22:09,800 --> 04:22:13,800
rather Pleasant a return to the 
old tradition of communal 

4611
04:22:13,800 --> 04:22:16,900
storytelling updated for the 
20th century. 

4612
04:22:18,000 --> 04:22:21,100
Children adapt to the blackout 
with the flexibility of Youth 

4613
04:22:21,100 --> 04:22:23,300
though. 
It complicates their lives in 

4614
04:22:23,300 --> 04:22:27,100
numerous ways school days 
reorganize around available 

4615
04:22:27,100 --> 04:22:32,300
daylight evening activities 
Scouts Girl, Guides and youth 

4616
04:22:32,300 --> 04:22:35,000
clubs. 
Either moved to afternoon hours 

4617
04:22:35,000 --> 04:22:37,900
or take on a different character
as participants Gathering 

4618
04:22:37,900 --> 04:22:42,000
carefully blacked out Halls. 
games and activities shift 

4619
04:22:42,000 --> 04:22:45,800
toward those that don't require 
good visibility Card games 

4620
04:22:45,800 --> 04:22:50,700
become popular board games 
experience, a Revival Radio quiz

4621
04:22:50,700 --> 04:22:54,200
shows Inspire living room 
competitions, the blackout 

4622
04:22:54,200 --> 04:22:58,000
creates unexpected opportunities
for Mischief too in the 

4623
04:22:58,008 --> 04:23:00,500
darkness. 
It's easier to stay out later 

4624
04:23:00,500 --> 04:23:04,400
than your parents realize to 
slip away on scene and to 

4625
04:23:04,400 --> 04:23:07,700
conduct the small rebellion of 
adolescents with reduced risk of

4626
04:23:07,700 --> 04:23:11,000
detection. 
More than one teenager discovers

4627
04:23:11,000 --> 04:23:14,300
that the blackout for all, its 
restrictions offers a kind of 

4628
04:23:14,300 --> 04:23:16,400
Freedom that comes with reduced 
surveillance. 

4629
04:23:17,400 --> 04:23:19,500
For young couples. 
The darkness provides both 

4630
04:23:19,500 --> 04:23:22,500
challenges and possibilities. 
Traditional. 

4631
04:23:22,500 --> 04:23:26,600
Courtship rituals, evening 
strolls Cinema visits Cafe 

4632
04:23:26,600 --> 04:23:28,700
dates. 
Must be reconsidered. 

4633
04:23:29,500 --> 04:23:31,900
Walking together, requires 
linking arms, not just 

4634
04:23:31,900 --> 04:23:35,400
romantically but practically for
navigation and safety. 

4635
04:23:36,300 --> 04:23:40,700
The darkness creates a kind of 
intimacy by default a closeness 

4636
04:23:40,700 --> 04:23:43,900
born of necessity that might not
otherwise develop so quickly. 

4637
04:23:45,100 --> 04:23:48,200
First kisses happen in deeper 
Darkness than any previous 

4638
04:23:48,200 --> 04:23:52,900
generation experience unobserved
by passes by who can barely see 

4639
04:23:52,900 --> 04:23:56,400
their own feet. 
Work is in the Central Services 

4640
04:23:56,400 --> 04:24:00,000
face particular challenges, 
doctors make house calls 

4641
04:24:00,000 --> 04:24:03,400
navigate by memory and guesswork
their medical bags. 

4642
04:24:03,400 --> 04:24:05,700
Bumping against their legs as 
they feel their way along 

4643
04:24:05,700 --> 04:24:09,700
streets, Nurses on night shifts.
Move through Hospital. 

4644
04:24:09,700 --> 04:24:12,500
Corridors lit. 
Only by shielded lamps. 

4645
04:24:13,200 --> 04:24:16,800
Checking on patients in Wards, 
kept darker than anyone finds 

4646
04:24:16,800 --> 04:24:20,200
comfortable. 
Fire brigades drill extensively 

4647
04:24:20,200 --> 04:24:22,600
for responding to emergencies in
near total. 

4648
04:24:22,600 --> 04:24:27,000
Darkness developing systems of 
communication that rely on sound

4649
04:24:27,000 --> 04:24:29,100
and touch rather than visual 
signals. 

4650
04:24:30,300 --> 04:24:33,800
The Postal Service continues. 
Its rounds though, postmen 

4651
04:24:33,800 --> 04:24:36,100
learned to sort mail by feel as 
much as sight. 

4652
04:24:36,100 --> 04:24:39,700
Their fingers, developing 
sensitivity to different paper, 

4653
04:24:39,700 --> 04:24:42,200
stocks and envelope sizes. 
Milk. 

4654
04:24:42,200 --> 04:24:44,600
Deliveries continue in the 
pre-dawn Darkness. 

4655
04:24:45,400 --> 04:24:47,300
Of bottles and the rattle of 
crates. 

4656
04:24:47,300 --> 04:24:51,100
Providing a kind of alarm clock 
announcing the coming day to 

4657
04:24:51,100 --> 04:24:52,900
those awake early enough to hear
it. 

4658
04:24:54,000 --> 04:24:57,800
Public transportation becomes an
exercise in faith and routine. 

4659
04:24:58,700 --> 04:25:01,900
Bus conductors develop an almost
Supernatural ability to 

4660
04:25:01,900 --> 04:25:05,200
recognize stops in the darkness.
Calling them out with 

4661
04:25:05,200 --> 04:25:07,700
confidence. 
Born of long familiarity. 

4662
04:25:08,500 --> 04:25:11,600
passengers learn to count stops 
and to listen for landmarks, 

4663
04:25:12,700 --> 04:25:16,700
Killer church bell, the sound of
the river and the change in Echo

4664
04:25:16,700 --> 04:25:19,600
as the bus passes between 
building's of different heights.

4665
04:25:20,500 --> 04:25:23,600
Regular commuters developmental 
Maps so detailed. 

4666
04:25:23,600 --> 04:25:26,800
They could navigate their Roots 
blindfolded, which is 

4667
04:25:26,800 --> 04:25:30,300
essentially what they're doing 
as the months progress and 

4668
04:25:30,300 --> 04:25:32,800
Britain settles into what 
becomes known as the phony War 

4669
04:25:32,800 --> 04:25:36,400
appeared, when War has been 
declared, but major fighting 

4670
04:25:36,400 --> 04:25:40,800
hasn't yet reached British soil.
The blackout reveals unexpected 

4671
04:25:40,800 --> 04:25:44,100
dimensions. 
What began as an emergency 

4672
04:25:44,100 --> 04:25:48,000
measure starts to disclose 
peculiar Beauties and strange 

4673
04:25:48,000 --> 04:25:51,300
Pleasures that coexist with the 
anxiety and inconvenience. 

4674
04:25:52,100 --> 04:25:55,200
The night sky becomes visible in
ways that City dwellers haven't 

4675
04:25:55,200 --> 04:25:59,000
experienced in decades. 
Without the light pollution that

4676
04:25:59,000 --> 04:26:02,900
normally obscures all, but the 
brightest stars, the full glory 

4677
04:26:02,900 --> 04:26:07,000
of the cosmos appears overhead. 
On clear night stepping outside 

4678
04:26:07,000 --> 04:26:08,800
is like discovering a lost 
artwork. 

4679
04:26:08,800 --> 04:26:12,000
That's been hanging in your home
all along hidden behind a 

4680
04:26:12,000 --> 04:26:15,100
curtain. 
You didn't realize was there You

4681
04:26:15,100 --> 04:26:19,000
can see the Milky Way from 
Central London that cloudy band 

4682
04:26:19,000 --> 04:26:22,700
of distant Stars stretching 
across the darkness like a river

4683
04:26:22,700 --> 04:26:26,900
of light. constellation's 
appear, not as isolated bright 

4684
04:26:26,900 --> 04:26:32,000
points, but as part of complex 
starfields, Within patterns 

4685
04:26:32,000 --> 04:26:36,100
depths and layers that electric 
light normally renders 

4686
04:26:36,100 --> 04:26:38,900
invisible. 
The moon when it sucks 

4687
04:26:38,900 --> 04:26:42,000
preposterously bright, casting 
reel. 

4688
04:26:42,000 --> 04:26:46,400
Shadows turning streets into 
silvered mazes and making you 

4689
04:26:46,400 --> 04:26:49,200
understand why poets? 
And lovers of obsessed over it 

4690
04:26:49,200 --> 04:26:52,200
from millennia. 
Some people find this revelation

4691
04:26:52,200 --> 04:26:54,900
of the night sky almost worth 
the inconvenience of the 

4692
04:26:54,900 --> 04:26:58,400
blackout. 
Astronomy clubs form, taking 

4693
04:26:58,400 --> 04:27:01,300
advantage of viewing. 
Conditions that rival rural 

4694
04:27:01,300 --> 04:27:04,300
observatories. 
Amateur stargazers set up, 

4695
04:27:04,300 --> 04:27:09,100
telescopes in parks and Gardens 
sharing glimpses of Jupiter's 

4696
04:27:09,100 --> 04:27:13,000
moons, Saturn's rings. 
And the craters of the Moon in 

4697
04:27:13,000 --> 04:27:17,000
unprecedented detail. 
There's something hopeful about 

4698
04:27:17,000 --> 04:27:20,300
this, people looking Upward at 
Beauty and vastness, while 

4699
04:27:20,300 --> 04:27:23,000
preparing for conflict that 
feels Petty and small by 

4700
04:27:23,000 --> 04:27:26,300
comparison. 
The darkness also reveals the 

4701
04:27:26,300 --> 04:27:28,900
bioluminescence that normally 
goes unnoticed. 

4702
04:27:29,800 --> 04:27:34,000
On damp nights decaying wood in 
Parks glows with fox fire. 

4703
04:27:34,000 --> 04:27:37,200
That Eerie green. 
Phosphorescence produced by 

4704
04:27:37,200 --> 04:27:40,800
certain fungi. 
People discover it by accident 

4705
04:27:40,800 --> 04:27:45,100
initially, alarmed by the 
spectral light, then fascinated 

4706
04:27:45,100 --> 04:27:49,100
by this natural illumination, 
that requires no electricity. 

4707
04:27:51,100 --> 04:27:54,400
Some gather pieces of glowing 
would bringing them home like 

4708
04:27:54,400 --> 04:27:58,500
captured fairy lights, watching 
them pulse and fade in dark and 

4709
04:27:58,500 --> 04:28:01,500
rooms. 
Sound takes on new prominence in

4710
04:28:01,500 --> 04:28:05,300
the absence of visual stimuli. 
your hearing becomes more acute,

4711
04:28:05,300 --> 04:28:09,600
more attentive to the acoustic 
environment, You noticed the 

4712
04:28:09,600 --> 04:28:13,600
different sounds that shoes make
on different surfaces, the crisp

4713
04:28:13,600 --> 04:28:17,600
click of leather on pavement. 
The softer scuff on dirt and the

4714
04:28:17,600 --> 04:28:19,200
hollow Echo, when crossing a 
bridge. 

4715
04:28:20,100 --> 04:28:24,000
You become aware of how sound 
reflects off buildings, how it 

4716
04:28:24,000 --> 04:28:27,800
carries differently in Cold, Air
versus warm and how wind affects

4717
04:28:27,800 --> 04:28:31,600
what you can and cannot hear. 
Music heard in the blackout 

4718
04:28:31,600 --> 04:28:35,400
takes on different qualities. 
Piano played in a darkened room 

4719
04:28:35,400 --> 04:28:37,700
with only the faintest light to 
illuminate. 

4720
04:28:37,700 --> 04:28:41,700
The keys seems to fill the space
more completely, The notes 

4721
04:28:41,700 --> 04:28:43,900
appear to have more presents, 
more weight. 

4722
04:28:44,800 --> 04:28:49,100
Street musicians, fewer now, but
still present create pockets of 

4723
04:28:49,100 --> 04:28:53,500
Melody in the darkness and 
pedestrians, pause to listen in 

4724
04:28:53,500 --> 04:28:55,800
ways. 
They might not in daylight when 

4725
04:28:55,800 --> 04:28:59,800
Vision provides so many 
competing distractions church 

4726
04:28:59,800 --> 04:29:03,600
bells, continue to Mark time but
their sound travels differently 

4727
04:29:03,600 --> 04:29:07,200
through the quieted city. 
Without traffic noise to muffle 

4728
04:29:07,200 --> 04:29:10,700
the bells carry for Miles their 
various tones. 

4729
04:29:10,700 --> 04:29:14,100
Creating unintended Harmony as 
different churches, Mark the 

4730
04:29:14,100 --> 04:29:18,400
hours. some people begin to 
navigate by bell sound using 

4731
04:29:18,400 --> 04:29:21,600
familiar patterns to orient 
themselves even when visual 

4732
04:29:21,600 --> 04:29:25,700
landmarks or invisible The 
blackout also amplifies smell 

4733
04:29:25,700 --> 04:29:29,600
without visual distraction your 
nose provides more information 

4734
04:29:29,600 --> 04:29:32,000
than usual. 
You become aware of the 

4735
04:29:32,000 --> 04:29:36,400
particular Center of rain on 
Stone of fog, carrying hints of 

4736
04:29:36,408 --> 04:29:40,000
the river of coal smoke from 
chimneys and of cooking from 

4737
04:29:40,000 --> 04:29:42,800
various houses creating an 
olfactory map of your 

4738
04:29:42,800 --> 04:29:46,100
neighborhood. 
Bakeries become locatable by 

4739
04:29:46,100 --> 04:29:50,200
scent before sight. 
The yeasty warmth of fresh bread

4740
04:29:50,200 --> 04:29:53,400
serving as a beacon that draws 
customers through the darkness. 

4741
04:29:54,300 --> 04:29:57,000
But alongside these unexpected 
Pleasures runs a constant 

4742
04:29:57,000 --> 04:30:00,700
undercurrent of unease. 
The darkness that reveals Stars 

4743
04:30:00,700 --> 04:30:04,400
also conceals potential threats,
every shadow could be an 

4744
04:30:04,400 --> 04:30:07,200
obstacle in every sound might 
signal Danger. 

4745
04:30:08,400 --> 04:30:11,600
Human imagination. 
Deprived of visual input tends 

4746
04:30:11,600 --> 04:30:14,000
to fill, in missing information 
with worst case scenarios. 

4747
04:30:15,000 --> 04:30:18,000
That bump in the darkness is 
probably just someone's elbow, 

4748
04:30:18,000 --> 04:30:21,500
making accidental contact, but 
for a moment your heart rate 

4749
04:30:21,500 --> 04:30:25,500
Spike's with more Primal Fear. 
Women particularly feel 

4750
04:30:25,500 --> 04:30:28,600
vulnerable in the darkness. 
The reduced visibility that 

4751
04:30:28,600 --> 04:30:30,300
offers privacy to courting 
couples. 

4752
04:30:30,300 --> 04:30:35,000
Also provides cover for 
harassment and assault. reported

4753
04:30:35,000 --> 04:30:37,800
incidents of such crimes 
increased during the blackout, 

4754
04:30:37,800 --> 04:30:41,500
though it's unclear whether the 
actual rate Rises or if Darkness

4755
04:30:41,500 --> 04:30:45,400
simply enables crimes that would
happen regardless, Many women 

4756
04:30:45,400 --> 04:30:49,300
alter their routines traveling, 
only in groups, carrying 

4757
04:30:49,300 --> 04:30:53,000
whistles, or other noise makers,
and avoiding certain areas that 

4758
04:30:53,000 --> 04:30:57,300
feel particularly threatening in
the absence of light. the 

4759
04:30:57,300 --> 04:31:00,800
blackout also creates social 
isolation in unexpected ways 

4760
04:31:00,800 --> 04:31:04,200
without being able to see into 
neighbor's Windows to note, the 

4761
04:31:04,200 --> 04:31:07,800
comforting glow of occupied 
homes, people feel more alone 

4762
04:31:08,800 --> 04:31:12,700
The physical proximity of urban 
life continues, you'll still 

4763
04:31:12,700 --> 04:31:15,800
surrounded by thousands of other
humans living their lives, just 

4764
04:31:15,800 --> 04:31:19,600
beyond thin walls. 
But the visual confirmation of 

4765
04:31:19,600 --> 04:31:23,300
that presence disappears, your 
neighbor might be three feet 

4766
04:31:23,300 --> 04:31:26,000
away on the other side of a 
wall, but in the darkness and 

4767
04:31:26,000 --> 04:31:28,400
quiet, they might as well be 
mussels distant. 

4768
04:31:29,500 --> 04:31:32,700
This isolation is particularly 
hard for the elderly and infirm.

4769
04:31:32,700 --> 04:31:36,200
Those who already struggled with
Mobility, find the darkness 

4770
04:31:36,200 --> 04:31:40,300
actively dangerous. 
The simple Act of walking to a 

4771
04:31:40,300 --> 04:31:42,000
corner shop becomes fraught with
Hazard. 

4772
04:31:42,000 --> 04:31:46,800
Unseen curbs to stumble, over 
obstacles, to collide with and 

4773
04:31:46,800 --> 04:31:50,300
the constant possibility of 
becoming disoriented and lost on

4774
04:31:50,300 --> 04:31:54,000
familiar streets. 
Many older people choose to stay

4775
04:31:54,000 --> 04:31:55,800
home more. 
Venturing out. 

4776
04:31:55,800 --> 04:32:00,600
Only when absolutely necessary 
accepting a constricted life as 

4777
04:32:00,600 --> 04:32:03,700
preferable to the risks of 
navigating the shadowed City. 

4778
04:32:04,500 --> 04:32:07,600
Mental health professionals, 
notice an increasing reports of 

4779
04:32:07,600 --> 04:32:11,500
anxiety and depression. 
The darkness combined with war, 

4780
04:32:11,500 --> 04:32:14,700
stress creates a psychological 
burden that some people struggle

4781
04:32:14,700 --> 04:32:17,600
to manage. 
Sleep patterns, disrupt. 

4782
04:32:18,200 --> 04:32:22,000
Some people sleep better in the 
deeper Darkness While others lie

4783
04:32:22,000 --> 04:32:24,200
awake. 
Listening to every small sound 

4784
04:32:24,200 --> 04:32:26,700
unable to relax into 
vulnerability. 

4785
04:32:27,800 --> 04:32:31,000
Dreams become more Vivid for 
many possibly because the 

4786
04:32:31,000 --> 04:32:34,600
darkness and quiet create fewer 
distractions from internal 

4787
04:32:34,600 --> 04:32:37,700
mental activity. 
Yet there's also a strange 

4788
04:32:37,700 --> 04:32:41,300
coziness to it all a sense of 
communal experience that 

4789
04:32:41,300 --> 04:32:43,800
transcends the inconvenience and
danger. 

4790
04:32:44,500 --> 04:32:47,800
Everyone is facing the same 
challenge, making the same 

4791
04:32:47,808 --> 04:32:51,200
adjustments and developing the 
same odd competencies for 

4792
04:32:51,200 --> 04:32:54,100
navigating Darkness. 
There's a camera artery in 

4793
04:32:54,100 --> 04:32:57,500
shared difficulty, a democratic 
leveling that occurs. 

4794
04:32:57,500 --> 04:33:00,400
When Lord and laborer alike, 
must feel their way along the 

4795
04:33:00,400 --> 04:33:04,500
same invisible Street in the 
blacked out homes of Britain 

4796
04:33:04,500 --> 04:33:08,400
family, life reorganizes itself 
around new limitations and 

4797
04:33:08,400 --> 04:33:11,800
possibilities. 
The blackout curtains that seal 

4798
04:33:11,800 --> 04:33:15,700
Windows become daily fixtures, 
they're operation as routine as 

4799
04:33:15,700 --> 04:33:19,200
making tea. 
Each evening has natural. 

4800
04:33:19,200 --> 04:33:23,000
Light begins to fade, someone 
Rises to perform the ritual. 

4801
04:33:23,000 --> 04:33:25,400
Drawing heavy fabric across 
Windows. 

4802
04:33:25,400 --> 04:33:29,700
Checking for gaps and ensuring 
no betraying lean or Mark the 

4803
04:33:29,700 --> 04:33:32,900
house from above. 
The rooms once sealed feel 

4804
04:33:32,900 --> 04:33:35,700
different. 
Smaller somehow, even though 

4805
04:33:35,700 --> 04:33:39,300
their physical dimensions have 
not changed the absence of 

4806
04:33:39,300 --> 04:33:40,800
visual connection to the 
outside. 

4807
04:33:40,800 --> 04:33:44,500
World makes interior spaces feel
more like caves or cocoons 

4808
04:33:44,500 --> 04:33:49,599
enclosed inward-facing and 
separate from the larger world. 

4809
04:33:50,599 --> 04:33:53,400
This can be comforting or 
claustrophobic depending on 

4810
04:33:53,400 --> 04:33:57,599
temperament and Circumstance. 
For some it creates a pleasant 

4811
04:33:57,599 --> 04:34:01,200
sense of snugness everyone 
tucked safely together. 

4812
04:34:02,200 --> 04:34:06,300
For others, it feels confining a
nightly imprisonment in their 

4813
04:34:06,300 --> 04:34:09,500
own homes. 
Lighting becomes a subject of 

4814
04:34:09,500 --> 04:34:11,800
surprising complexity and 
important. 

4815
04:34:12,599 --> 04:34:16,099
How much light is in enough? 
Two little strains are eyes and 

4816
04:34:16,099 --> 04:34:19,099
hampers activities. 
The too much feels wasteful. 

4817
04:34:19,099 --> 04:34:23,400
Almost Reckless. families 
develop their own standards and 

4818
04:34:23,400 --> 04:34:27,300
practices some maintain just one
or two lights in the most used 

4819
04:34:27,300 --> 04:34:31,099
rooms leaving hallways and 
lesser use spaces and darkness. 

4820
04:34:32,000 --> 04:34:34,400
Others attempt to maintain 
something closer to their 

4821
04:34:34,400 --> 04:34:38,200
pre-war lighting levels valuing 
normalcy over conservation. 

4822
04:34:39,200 --> 04:34:43,900
The quality of light matters too
incandescent bulbs cast warm 

4823
04:34:43,900 --> 04:34:46,800
yellow orange light that feels 
friendly and domestic. 

4824
04:34:48,200 --> 04:34:50,900
Slight where it's still 
available flickers slightly 

4825
04:34:50,900 --> 04:34:55,200
creating moving Shadows that 
some fine nostalgic and others 

4826
04:34:55,200 --> 04:34:59,300
find eerie. candles produced 
beautiful light but require 

4827
04:34:59,300 --> 04:35:04,599
attention someone must trim Wix 
watch for drips and ensure 

4828
04:35:04,599 --> 04:35:09,500
nothing catches fire. 
Oil lamps smell distinctive a 

4829
04:35:09,500 --> 04:35:12,700
petroleum scent that comes 
associated with winter evenings 

4830
04:35:12,700 --> 04:35:16,599
and the crackle of the wireless.
mealtimes adjust to the 

4831
04:35:16,599 --> 04:35:20,800
blackouts rhythms dinner happens
early while natural light still 

4832
04:35:20,800 --> 04:35:24,400
assists with cooking and table 
setting the ritual of evening 

4833
04:35:24,400 --> 04:35:28,400
tea shifts backward too or 
transforms into a simpler Affair

4834
04:35:28,400 --> 04:35:32,000
taken in dimly lit rooms. 
Some families find themselves 

4835
04:35:32,000 --> 04:35:35,700
eating more cold meals in the 
evening voiding the complexity 

4836
04:35:35,700 --> 04:35:39,599
of cooking and reduced light and
making do with sandwiches left 

4837
04:35:39,599 --> 04:35:43,400
over Pi cheese and crackers yet.
There's also an increased 

4838
04:35:43,400 --> 04:35:45,500
emphasis on making evening meals
special. 

4839
04:35:46,400 --> 04:35:49,300
A conscious effort to maintain 
normalcy and comfort, despite 

4840
04:35:49,300 --> 04:35:53,099
the circumstances mothers and 
wives, take extra care with 

4841
04:35:53,099 --> 04:35:55,800
presentation, setting tables 
nicely. 

4842
04:35:55,800 --> 04:35:59,800
Even if the dining room is dim 
using Good China and creating 

4843
04:35:59,800 --> 04:36:03,000
small, ceremonies that assert 
civilizations continuity. 

4844
04:36:04,400 --> 04:36:06,900
These gestures matter more than 
they might seem. 

4845
04:36:06,900 --> 04:36:10,000
There are acts of resistance 
against the disruption 

4846
04:36:10,000 --> 04:36:13,900
declarations that ordinary life,
persists, despite extraordinary 

4847
04:36:13,900 --> 04:36:18,300
circumstances, after dinner 
families gathered together, more

4848
04:36:18,300 --> 04:36:21,599
than they might have before. 
With fewer options, for 

4849
04:36:21,599 --> 04:36:25,099
individual entertainment, with 
Darkness, making it impractical 

4850
04:36:25,099 --> 04:36:28,400
to pursue separate activities, 
in different rooms, people, 

4851
04:36:28,400 --> 04:36:30,400
congregate in the best lit 
space. 

4852
04:36:30,400 --> 04:36:34,700
Usually, the city room or 
kitchen, This enforced 

4853
04:36:34,700 --> 04:36:38,400
togetherness recreates patterns 
of family life from early eras. 

4854
04:36:39,099 --> 04:36:42,300
Before electric light allowed 
household members, to scatter to

4855
04:36:42,300 --> 04:36:45,400
different rooms pursuing 
individual interests, the 

4856
04:36:45,400 --> 04:36:47,200
wireless becomes, the evening's 
focal point. 

4857
04:36:48,200 --> 04:36:51,700
Dial glowing, like a small 
campfire, Gathering the family 

4858
04:36:51,700 --> 04:36:55,700
around its broadcast voices. 
Program structure the evening, 

4859
04:36:55,700 --> 04:36:59,599
the news at 9, followed by 
entertainment, then perhaps 

4860
04:36:59,599 --> 04:37:03,500
music before bed, listening 
becomes a communal activity, 

4861
04:37:03,500 --> 04:37:07,900
something shared and discussed 
with reactions Exchange in real 

4862
04:37:07,900 --> 04:37:10,900
time. 
When something funny happens in 

4863
04:37:10,900 --> 04:37:14,099
a comedy programme, the family's
laughter mingles together in the

4864
04:37:14,108 --> 04:37:16,300
dim room. 
Creating a shared memory. 

4865
04:37:16,300 --> 04:37:19,200
A small moment of Joy amidst 
anxiety. 

4866
04:37:20,300 --> 04:37:24,400
Games and puzzles experienced a 
Renaissance families, bring out 

4867
04:37:24,400 --> 04:37:28,000
jigsaws car decks and board 
games that have been Gathering 

4868
04:37:28,000 --> 04:37:31,000
dust and cupboards. 
These activities work. 

4869
04:37:31,000 --> 04:37:33,800
Well, in dim, light and 
accommodate multiple 

4870
04:37:33,800 --> 04:37:37,200
participants. 
The social Dynamic shifts during

4871
04:37:37,200 --> 04:37:40,500
gameplay. 
Hierarchies flattened children 

4872
04:37:40,500 --> 04:37:44,099
can beat adults through luck or 
skill and every one participates

4873
04:37:44,099 --> 04:37:47,700
on more equal terms. 
These evening games sessions, 

4874
04:37:47,700 --> 04:37:51,200
create their own satisfaction, 
Simple Pleasures, that don't 

4875
04:37:51,200 --> 04:37:53,099
require technology or 
brightness. 

4876
04:37:54,099 --> 04:37:56,900
Conversation too, become more 
Central to family life. 

4877
04:37:57,700 --> 04:38:00,700
Without the visual stimulation 
of bright rooms and varied 

4878
04:38:00,700 --> 04:38:04,099
activities. 
People talk more, tell stories 

4879
04:38:04,099 --> 04:38:06,500
and share their days in Greater 
detail. 

4880
04:38:07,500 --> 04:38:10,200
Parents discuss things with 
children that might normally be 

4881
04:38:10,200 --> 04:38:13,800
postponed or abbreviated. 
Siblings who might typically 

4882
04:38:13,800 --> 04:38:16,400
ignore each other in favor of 
separate Pursuits. 

4883
04:38:16,400 --> 04:38:19,900
Find themselves. 
Actually conversing getting to 

4884
04:38:19,900 --> 04:38:23,099
know each other better in these 
enforced periods of proximity. 

4885
04:38:24,099 --> 04:38:28,300
Reading aloud becomes a nightly 
ritual in many households father

4886
04:38:28,300 --> 04:38:31,200
might read from the evening 
paper, sharing news and 

4887
04:38:31,200 --> 04:38:33,599
editorials sometimes with 
commentary. 

4888
04:38:34,300 --> 04:38:37,599
Mother might read from novels 
performing different voices for 

4889
04:38:37,599 --> 04:38:40,500
different characters creating 
entertainment that doesn't 

4890
04:38:40,500 --> 04:38:44,599
require visual props. 
Older children might take turns 

4891
04:38:44,599 --> 04:38:47,400
reading developing their 
expression and comfort with 

4892
04:38:47,400 --> 04:38:50,599
performance. 
These sessions revive an oral 

4893
04:38:50,599 --> 04:38:54,000
tradition that had been fading, 
turning literature back into 

4894
04:38:54,000 --> 04:38:56,000
something, communal rather than 
solitary. 

4895
04:38:57,000 --> 04:38:59,200
Bedtime routines simplify in 
some ways. 

4896
04:39:00,000 --> 04:39:03,000
Without Bright Lights, the 
natural drowsiness that comes 

4897
04:39:03,000 --> 04:39:05,400
with Darkness isn't artificially
suppressed. 

4898
04:39:06,400 --> 04:39:08,900
Children. 
Get sleepier their circadian 

4899
04:39:08,900 --> 04:39:12,000
rhythms responding to 
environmental cues that electric

4900
04:39:12,000 --> 04:39:15,800
light normally override. 
Parents find it easier to get 

4901
04:39:15,800 --> 04:39:18,300
little ones to bed when the 
whole house is already dim and 

4902
04:39:18,300 --> 04:39:20,599
quiet. 
When there's not much exciting 

4903
04:39:20,599 --> 04:39:23,900
happening to miss. 
But the darkness also. 

4904
04:39:23,900 --> 04:39:27,700
Introduces new nighttime fears 
specially for children. 

4905
04:39:28,700 --> 04:39:32,000
The shadows in a dimly lit. 
Bedroom, seem deeper more 

4906
04:39:32,000 --> 04:39:35,400
ominous. 
The usual reassurance of theirs,

4907
04:39:35,400 --> 04:39:39,200
nothing there becomes harder to 
verify when you actually can't 

4908
04:39:39,200 --> 04:39:43,200
see into corners and close its 
Some parents leave candles 

4909
04:39:43,200 --> 04:39:46,700
burning accepting the fire risk 
as preferable to Childhood 

4910
04:39:46,700 --> 04:39:49,700
Terror. 
Others develop new bed time 

4911
04:39:49,700 --> 04:39:53,600
rituals longer tucking in 
sessions stories told in 

4912
04:39:53,600 --> 04:39:56,900
soothing tones and songs hummed 
until sleep arrives. 

4913
04:39:58,000 --> 04:40:00,400
For parents themselves the 
blackout creates its own 

4914
04:40:00,400 --> 04:40:04,100
intimacy and distance. 
Once children are asleep couples

4915
04:40:04,100 --> 04:40:05,900
have the evening to themselves 
in ways. 

4916
04:40:05,900 --> 04:40:09,200
They might not have before. 
When evening activities might 

4917
04:40:09,200 --> 04:40:11,900
scatter family members to 
various entertainments. 

4918
04:40:13,200 --> 04:40:17,900
Yet the darkness and quiet also 
emphasize their isolation. two 

4919
04:40:17,900 --> 04:40:21,600
people in a sealed house on a 
darkened Street Living Through 

4920
04:40:21,600 --> 04:40:25,800
History without knowing how the 
story ends some couples use this

4921
04:40:25,800 --> 04:40:29,200
time for serious conversations 
that daylight and distraction 

4922
04:40:29,200 --> 04:40:33,900
had allowed them to postpone 
discussion about money about 

4923
04:40:33,900 --> 04:40:38,500
plans for possible evacuation 
about fears and hopes and about 

4924
04:40:38,500 --> 04:40:42,300
what they'll do if the war 
intensifies other couples 

4925
04:40:42,300 --> 04:40:46,400
deliberately avoid heavy topics 
preferring to maintain lightness

4926
04:40:46,400 --> 04:40:49,100
to protect their evening hours 
as refugees from worry. 

4927
04:40:50,200 --> 04:40:54,500
They play cards listen to music 
and simply sit together in 

4928
04:40:54,500 --> 04:40:58,300
comfortable silence taking 
comfort from physical proximity.

4929
04:40:59,500 --> 04:41:02,100
The blackout effects married 
life in unexpected. 

4930
04:41:02,100 --> 04:41:04,900
Ways the darkness provides 
privacy. 

4931
04:41:04,900 --> 04:41:08,000
Even in homes, with thin walls 
and multiple inhabitants 

4932
04:41:08,000 --> 04:41:11,800
intimacy becomes easier when 
visual privacy is assured. 

4933
04:41:11,800 --> 04:41:16,100
When darkness guarantees 
discretion Some couples find 

4934
04:41:16,100 --> 04:41:19,600
their relationships strengthened
by the enforced closeness and 

4935
04:41:19,600 --> 04:41:22,200
the shared experience of 
adapting to strange 

4936
04:41:22,200 --> 04:41:26,400
circumstances. others, find the 
proximity without Escape, 

4937
04:41:26,400 --> 04:41:29,500
grating, the inability to 
retreat into separate 

4938
04:41:29,500 --> 04:41:33,300
activities, creating friction 
that might otherwise dissipate 

4939
04:41:34,000 --> 04:41:37,200
Elderly family members often 
living with their adult children

4940
04:41:37,200 --> 04:41:41,100
face particular challenges. 
Many older people have always 

4941
04:41:41,100 --> 04:41:44,800
relied heavily on visual cues 
and the reduction in light makes

4942
04:41:44,800 --> 04:41:48,700
everything harder reading 
knitting, even just moving 

4943
04:41:48,700 --> 04:41:52,000
around the house safely, 
Families must decide how to 

4944
04:41:52,000 --> 04:41:55,000
balance their Elders needs for 
light with blackout requirements

4945
04:41:55,000 --> 04:42:00,100
and conservation concerns. 
compromises emerge, brighter 

4946
04:42:00,100 --> 04:42:02,700
light to Grandmother's room, 
even if the rest of the house 

4947
04:42:02,700 --> 04:42:07,500
remains dim Extra candles placed
strategically more assistance 

4948
04:42:07,500 --> 04:42:10,200
with evening tasks that Darkness
makes difficult. 

4949
04:42:11,200 --> 04:42:14,100
The blackout also reveals class 
differences in domestic 

4950
04:42:14,100 --> 04:42:17,000
experience. 
Wealthier families can afford 

4951
04:42:17,000 --> 04:42:20,600
heavier, curtains better, 
blackout materials, and perhaps 

4952
04:42:20,600 --> 04:42:24,100
even specially designed blackout
systems with multiple layers. 

4953
04:42:24,100 --> 04:42:28,100
Their homes might have more 
rooms allowing family members 

4954
04:42:28,100 --> 04:42:31,000
more privacy, despite the 
enforced evening togetherness. 

4955
04:42:31,900 --> 04:42:34,500
They might maintain closer to 
normal lighting levels, 

4956
04:42:34,500 --> 04:42:37,300
considering the extra 
electricity expense and 

4957
04:42:37,300 --> 04:42:41,300
acceptable cost for comfort. 
Working class families make do 

4958
04:42:41,300 --> 04:42:46,000
with cheaper Solutions, blankets
Nails over Windows newspaper 

4959
04:42:46,000 --> 04:42:49,700
pasted to Glass and curtains. 
So from whatever fabric could be

4960
04:42:49,708 --> 04:42:52,900
afforded, Their smaller homes 
mean less privacy. 

4961
04:42:52,900 --> 04:42:56,800
More enforced, proximity, and 
every one living in each other's

4962
04:42:56,800 --> 04:42:58,400
Pockets. 
Even more than usual. 

4963
04:42:59,400 --> 04:43:02,200
Economies in lighting hit harder
when you're already budgeting 

4964
04:43:02,200 --> 04:43:05,600
carefully for every shilling. 
Yet, there's a democratizing 

4965
04:43:05,600 --> 04:43:07,900
element, too rich and poor 
alike. 

4966
04:43:07,900 --> 04:43:11,500
Must darken their homes, the 
Duke, and his mansion and the 

4967
04:43:11,500 --> 04:43:14,800
docker in his Terrace row. 
Both spend their evening in 

4968
04:43:14,800 --> 04:43:18,100
dimmed rooms. 
Both must navigate the same dark

4969
04:43:18,100 --> 04:43:21,500
and streets. 
The blackout is one of the few 

4970
04:43:21,500 --> 04:43:24,400
wartime measures that truly 
applies equally across social 

4971
04:43:24,400 --> 04:43:27,700
strata. 
Creating a rare moment of shared

4972
04:43:27,700 --> 04:43:33,900
experience across class lines. 
As 1939 turns into 1940 and the 

4973
04:43:33,908 --> 04:43:35,900
blackout continues month after 
month. 

4974
04:43:36,700 --> 04:43:40,400
Something remarkable happens. 
People stop thinking about it 

4975
04:43:40,400 --> 04:43:43,400
quite so much. 
The extraordinary becomes 

4976
04:43:43,400 --> 04:43:45,000
ordinary through sheer 
repetition. 

4977
04:43:46,000 --> 04:43:49,200
The nightly ritual of darkening,
Windows transforms from a 

4978
04:43:49,200 --> 04:43:53,100
conscious process into a habit, 
Performed with the automaticity 

4979
04:43:53,100 --> 04:43:55,600
of brushing teeth or locking 
doors. 

4980
04:43:56,600 --> 04:44:00,200
Innovations, accumulate, small 
improvements that collectively 

4981
04:44:00,200 --> 04:44:01,700
make the darkness more 
manageable. 

4982
04:44:02,400 --> 04:44:05,500
Enterprise in individuals, 
develop gadgets and solutions 

4983
04:44:05,500 --> 04:44:08,200
that spread through communities 
like helpful folklore. 

4984
04:44:08,900 --> 04:44:12,000
Someone discovers that painting 
steroids with luminous paint 

4985
04:44:12,000 --> 04:44:16,800
makes them safer to navigate. 
the idea spreads and soon 

4986
04:44:16,800 --> 04:44:20,900
glowing stairs become common 
little safety features that cost

4987
04:44:20,900 --> 04:44:24,300
pennies, but prevent countless 
Falls, Shops. 

4988
04:44:24,300 --> 04:44:28,500
Begin selling specially designed
blackout accessories torches 

4989
04:44:28,500 --> 04:44:30,500
with narrow beams and red 
filters. 

4990
04:44:30,500 --> 04:44:33,400
That supposedly don't compromise
night vision. 

4991
04:44:34,200 --> 04:44:38,600
Reflective armbands and badges 
for pedestrians luminous buttons

4992
04:44:38,600 --> 04:44:42,500
that can be so on to coats. 
White painted walking sticks. 

4993
04:44:43,300 --> 04:44:46,300
The commercial World adapts to 
serve the dark and consumer 

4994
04:44:46,300 --> 04:44:51,200
finding profit even in darkness.
Fashion truly Embraces, the 

4995
04:44:51,208 --> 04:44:54,900
blackout aesthetic. designers 
create clothing with safety 

4996
04:44:54,900 --> 04:44:59,000
features, built in white piping 
on dark coats, reflective 

4997
04:44:59,000 --> 04:45:02,700
threads, woven into fabrics and 
light colored accessories that 

4998
04:45:02,700 --> 04:45:07,400
serve the Dual purposes of style
and visibility women's magazines

4999
04:45:07,400 --> 04:45:11,700
run features on Blackout Beauty 
suggesting makeup and hairstyles

5000
04:45:11,700 --> 04:45:15,300
suited to dim lighting. 
The advice is practical and 

5001
04:45:15,300 --> 04:45:19,200
sometimes absurd, light to face 
powder is recommended because 

5002
04:45:19,200 --> 04:45:22,200
it's more visible. 
While dark lipstick is wand 

5003
04:45:22,200 --> 04:45:24,200
agains, you become a pair of 
disembodied. 

5004
04:45:24,200 --> 04:45:28,200
Lips floating in the darkness 
restaurants and pubs develop a 

5005
04:45:28,200 --> 04:45:31,200
labyrinth workarounds for the 
blackout, restrictions some 

5006
04:45:31,200 --> 04:45:34,000
establishments paint their 
Windows opaque black. 

5007
04:45:34,000 --> 04:45:37,800
But in stalled, elaborate 
interior, lighting, creating 

5008
04:45:37,800 --> 04:45:40,600
spaces that feel almost normal 
once your inside. 

5009
04:45:41,500 --> 04:45:45,100
Others embrace the dimness 
installing red or blue lights 

5010
04:45:45,100 --> 04:45:48,300
that create atmospheric spaces. 
While technically complying with

5011
04:45:48,300 --> 04:45:52,200
regulations nightclubs, in 
particular find that dim 

5012
04:45:52,200 --> 04:45:55,900
lighting can be romantic or 
mysterious transforming a 

5013
04:45:55,900 --> 04:45:59,000
restriction into a feature. 
The entertainment industry 

5014
04:45:59,000 --> 04:46:03,100
becomes increasingly creative 
Cinemas develop complex 

5015
04:46:03,100 --> 04:46:07,000
procedures for seating people in
darkness ushers with covered 

5016
04:46:07,000 --> 04:46:11,500
torches luminous floor markers 
and spaced entry times to 

5017
04:46:11,500 --> 04:46:13,700
prevent traffic jams in the 
lightless Isles. 

5018
04:46:14,700 --> 04:46:18,900
Some theaters experiment with 
matinee only schedules accepting

5019
04:46:18,900 --> 04:46:21,800
reduced evening business rather 
than dealing with blackout 

5020
04:46:21,800 --> 04:46:25,200
complications. 
Others Thrive precisely because 

5021
04:46:25,200 --> 04:46:28,100
they offer brightest escapism 
inside while maintaining 

5022
04:46:28,100 --> 04:46:32,400
complete darkness outside radio 
programs evolved to suit their 

5023
04:46:32,400 --> 04:46:37,200
audiences circumstances content 
comes more domestic more suited 

5024
04:46:37,200 --> 04:46:41,400
to family listening in dimmed 
rooms comedy programs emphasize 

5025
04:46:41,400 --> 04:46:46,000
verbal humor over visual gags 
dramas rely on sound effects and

5026
04:46:46,000 --> 04:46:48,600
voice acting to create Vivid 
mental images. 

5027
04:46:49,600 --> 04:46:52,600
The BBC becomes increasingly 
sophisticated in its 

5028
04:46:52,600 --> 04:46:56,000
understanding of how to create 
entertainment for a population 

5029
04:46:56,000 --> 04:46:59,700
city in the dark unable to do 
much else besides listen. 

5030
04:47:00,900 --> 04:47:04,100
Local communities develop 
Collective coping strategies 

5031
04:47:04,100 --> 04:47:08,500
neighborhoods organized blackout
socials Gatherings where people 

5032
04:47:08,508 --> 04:47:10,600
can meet and commingled despite 
the darkness. 

5033
04:47:12,000 --> 04:47:15,200
Churches, host, evening services
that become social events. 

5034
04:47:15,200 --> 04:47:19,000
As much as a religious ones, 
providing both spiritual comfort

5035
04:47:19,000 --> 04:47:22,500
and human connection. 
Community centers run 

5036
04:47:22,500 --> 04:47:25,300
activities, specifically 
designed for low-light 

5037
04:47:25,300 --> 04:47:28,500
conditions. 
Music sessions discussion groups

5038
04:47:28,500 --> 04:47:31,300
and Collective listening to 
important broadcasts. 

5039
04:47:32,100 --> 04:47:34,600
Street communities become more 
tight-knit through the shared 

5040
04:47:34,600 --> 04:47:37,300
experience. 
Neighbors, who might previously 

5041
04:47:37,300 --> 04:47:39,600
have exchanged only perfunctory 
greetings? 

5042
04:47:39,600 --> 04:47:42,900
Now check on each other help 
each other with blackout 

5043
04:47:42,900 --> 04:47:45,400
preparations and share 
resources, and solutions. 

5044
04:47:45,400 --> 04:47:48,900
The darkness creates a kind of 
Frontier mentality. 

5045
04:47:49,900 --> 04:47:52,900
A sense that you are all in this
together, face in common 

5046
04:47:52,900 --> 04:47:56,200
challenges that require Mutual 
support children. 

5047
04:47:56,200 --> 04:48:00,600
Remarkably resilient turn the 
blackout in to play invent 

5048
04:48:00,600 --> 04:48:04,600
games, suited to Darkness, 
elaborate version of hide and 

5049
04:48:04,600 --> 04:48:07,700
seek treasure hunts. 
That rely on touch and sound, 

5050
04:48:07,700 --> 04:48:11,100
rather than sight. 
And Theatrical performance is 

5051
04:48:11,100 --> 04:48:14,300
put on in dim rooms were 
imagination fills in for visual 

5052
04:48:14,300 --> 04:48:17,700
spectacle. 
The blackout becomes normalized 

5053
04:48:17,700 --> 04:48:21,200
in their experience, not a 
temporary disruption but simply 

5054
04:48:21,200 --> 04:48:25,400
how the world works as natural 
as rain or school or Sunday 

5055
04:48:25,400 --> 04:48:28,300
roast. 
Teachers adapt, their lesson 

5056
04:48:28,300 --> 04:48:31,800
plans, incorporating blackout 
realities into education. 

5057
04:48:32,600 --> 04:48:34,600
Science classes discuss 
astronomy. 

5058
04:48:34,600 --> 04:48:37,800
With Newfound relevance 
students, can actually see what 

5059
04:48:37,800 --> 04:48:41,000
they're learning about. 
History lessons. 

5060
04:48:41,000 --> 04:48:42,800
Draw, parallels to Medieval 
life. 

5061
04:48:43,500 --> 04:48:46,600
Helping children understand that
most of human history occurred 

5062
04:48:46,600 --> 04:48:50,600
without electric light. 
Art classes experiment with low 

5063
04:48:50,600 --> 04:48:55,600
light media, charcoal drawings 
shadow puppets and projects that

5064
04:48:55,600 --> 04:49:00,100
work despite limited visibility.
Physical coordination improves 

5065
04:49:00,100 --> 04:49:02,300
across the population. 
As people, develop better, 

5066
04:49:02,300 --> 04:49:05,700
spatial awareness. 
Your appropriate exceptional 

5067
04:49:05,700 --> 04:49:10,000
that internal sense of where 
your body is in space sharpens 

5068
04:49:10,000 --> 04:49:12,300
when visual input becomes 
unreliable. 

5069
04:49:13,200 --> 04:49:16,300
People learn to move more 
carefully, more consciously 

5070
04:49:16,300 --> 04:49:20,100
developing a kind of bodily 
intelligence that Modern Life 

5071
04:49:20,100 --> 04:49:24,500
had allowed to atrophy. 
Simple Act of walking becomes 

5072
04:49:24,500 --> 04:49:28,900
more mindful, more present, and 
less the unconscious automatic 

5073
04:49:28,900 --> 04:49:32,100
process. 
It had been health effects 

5074
04:49:32,100 --> 04:49:36,400
emerge, both positive and 
negative accident rates from the

5075
04:49:36,400 --> 04:49:40,000
darkness remain elevated. 
People can continue to trip 

5076
04:49:40,000 --> 04:49:42,400
Collide and stumble into 
objects. 

5077
04:49:43,200 --> 04:49:45,200
There are unexpected benefits 
too. 

5078
04:49:46,000 --> 04:49:49,200
The early evening, schedules 
mean, people get more sleep and 

5079
04:49:49,200 --> 04:49:51,700
their circadian rhythms. 
Are more aligned with natural 

5080
04:49:51,700 --> 04:49:55,600
light, dark Cycles. 
The reduction in artificial 

5081
04:49:55,600 --> 04:49:57,300
light at night. 
Might be improving Sleep 

5082
04:49:57,300 --> 04:50:00,000
Quality, though. 
Nobody's conducting formal 

5083
04:50:00,000 --> 04:50:03,700
studies to verify this the 
enforced indoor evenings mean, 

5084
04:50:03,700 --> 04:50:07,500
less exposure to cold and damp 
for some potentially reducing 

5085
04:50:07,500 --> 04:50:10,500
winter illness. 
Seasonal variations in the 

5086
04:50:10,500 --> 04:50:14,100
blackout, create different 
challenges and experiences. some

5087
04:50:14,100 --> 04:50:18,300
evenings with their late sunsets
require to periods of blackout, 

5088
04:50:18,300 --> 04:50:22,200
perhaps just three or four 
hours, people can enjoy long 

5089
04:50:22,200 --> 04:50:26,000
Twilights and extended time 
Outdoors, while it's still light

5090
04:50:26,000 --> 04:50:30,000
enough to see Picnics and garden
parties adapt to early Escape 

5091
04:50:30,000 --> 04:50:33,000
rules wrapping up before, 
Darkness makes them in 

5092
04:50:33,000 --> 04:50:35,900
practical. 
But winter brings longer 

5093
04:50:35,900 --> 04:50:39,700
blackout periods, sometimes 16 
hours or more of required 

5094
04:50:39,700 --> 04:50:42,700
Darkness. 
The cycle weight of this is 

5095
04:50:42,700 --> 04:50:45,000
considerable, waking in 
darkness. 

5096
04:50:45,000 --> 04:50:49,200
Working through short, daylight 
hours, returning home to more 

5097
04:50:49,200 --> 04:50:52,800
Darkness. 
It feels oppressive endless. 

5098
04:50:53,600 --> 04:50:56,900
Seasonal affective disorder 
though not yet named or 

5099
04:50:56,900 --> 04:51:01,000
officially recognized. 
Surely affects many the lack of 

5100
04:51:01,008 --> 04:51:05,600
light combines with war anxiety 
to create periods of genuine, 

5101
04:51:05,600 --> 04:51:09,500
depression for some December 
1939. 

5102
04:51:09,500 --> 04:51:12,100
Brings the Blackout's first 
winter holiday season. 

5103
04:51:13,000 --> 04:51:14,900
Christmas presents unique 
challenges. 

5104
04:51:14,900 --> 04:51:19,100
How do you maintain festive 
cheer in compulsory Darkness 

5105
04:51:19,900 --> 04:51:22,900
Families rise to the challenge 
with determination that borders 

5106
04:51:22,900 --> 04:51:27,300
on defiance Christmas lights. 
Those strings of colored bulbs, 

5107
04:51:27,300 --> 04:51:30,600
that normally decorate windows, 
and trees must be abandoned or 

5108
04:51:30,600 --> 04:51:33,900
drastically modified. 
Some people create elaborate 

5109
04:51:33,900 --> 04:51:38,000
interior displays decorating 
trees in rooms with completely 

5110
04:51:38,000 --> 04:51:41,900
blacked out windows, creating 
private festivals of light that 

5111
04:51:41,900 --> 04:51:46,800
can't be seen from outside. 
Carol singing adapts to blackout

5112
04:51:46,800 --> 04:51:50,600
conditions groups carry covered 
lanterns as they move from house

5113
04:51:50,600 --> 04:51:52,800
to house. 
Their voice is rising in the 

5114
04:51:52,808 --> 04:51:56,000
darkness creating moments of 
beauty and connection. 

5115
04:51:56,000 --> 04:51:59,000
That feel more pressure for the 
surrounding glue. 

5116
04:52:00,000 --> 04:52:03,300
Ancient hymns about light coming
into darkness, take on new 

5117
04:52:03,300 --> 04:52:06,600
residents. 
Silent Night, feels especially 

5118
04:52:06,600 --> 04:52:08,800
appropriate. 
When nights are so profoundly 

5119
04:52:08,800 --> 04:52:11,400
silent and dark. 
GIF. 

5120
04:52:11,400 --> 04:52:14,500
Giving focus is on practical 
items suited to blackout life, 

5121
04:52:14,500 --> 04:52:19,400
torches, luminous paint, warm 
clothing and books for reading 

5122
04:52:19,400 --> 04:52:21,900
aloud. 
But there are frivolous gifts 

5123
04:52:21,900 --> 04:52:24,000
too. 
Deliberate, assertions of 

5124
04:52:24,000 --> 04:52:28,300
normalcy and joy, despite 
circumstances dolls, and toy 

5125
04:52:28,300 --> 04:52:32,100
soldiers for children, perfume 
and stockings for wives and 

5126
04:52:32,100 --> 04:52:35,500
pipes and tobacco. 
For husbands, these gestures 

5127
04:52:35,500 --> 04:52:39,700
matter enormously small Defiance
is against the wars restrictions

5128
04:52:39,700 --> 04:52:43,900
declarations that life and 
pleasure can continue New Year's

5129
04:52:43,900 --> 04:52:46,400
Eve presents its own strange 
circumstances. 

5130
04:52:47,500 --> 04:52:50,500
A traditional celebrations 
gathering in public squares, 

5131
04:52:50,500 --> 04:52:53,900
watching for midnight and the 
explosion of noise and lighters 

5132
04:52:53,900 --> 04:52:56,900
the new era, arrives must be 
reimagined. 

5133
04:52:57,900 --> 04:53:01,100
People celebrate in dark and 
home's, listening for church 

5134
04:53:01,100 --> 04:53:04,900
bells gathering around Wireless 
sets for special broadcasts. 

5135
04:53:05,900 --> 04:53:10,200
The midnight comes, they might 
step out into darkness, hearing 

5136
04:53:10,200 --> 04:53:12,200
distant, voices, calling 
greetings. 

5137
04:53:12,200 --> 04:53:15,100
They cannot see feeling 
connected to Invisible 

5138
04:53:15,100 --> 04:53:20,500
neighbors, through sound alone. 
The turn to 1940 brings renewed 

5139
04:53:20,500 --> 04:53:23,800
determination. 
The blackout will continue but 

5140
04:53:23,800 --> 04:53:25,100
people have learned to live with
it. 

5141
04:53:25,900 --> 04:53:30,000
The initial shock has worn off. 
Replaced, by practiced 

5142
04:53:30,000 --> 04:53:32,500
competence. 
You know, how to navigate your 

5143
04:53:32,500 --> 04:53:35,300
street in darkness, you know, 
how long your blackout 

5144
04:53:35,300 --> 04:53:38,700
preparations, take, you know, 
which activities work in dim 

5145
04:53:38,700 --> 04:53:41,900
light in which don't the 
learning curve has been climbed 

5146
04:53:41,900 --> 04:53:45,100
and what remains is simply 
persistent. 

5147
04:53:46,100 --> 04:53:50,000
The blackout continues through 
1940 and Beyond lasting in 

5148
04:53:50,000 --> 04:53:54,900
various forms until September. 
1944, when regulations finally 

5149
04:53:54,900 --> 04:53:58,700
relax as the threat of bombing 
diminishes, But even before 

5150
04:53:58,700 --> 04:54:01,700
official relaxation, the 
blackout evolves and becomes 

5151
04:54:01,700 --> 04:54:05,600
less absolute. 
As military technology improves 

5152
04:54:05,600 --> 04:54:09,300
and bombing strategies change 
the strict requirements. 

5153
04:54:09,300 --> 04:54:12,900
Loosened slightly. 
Dim lights become permissible in

5154
04:54:12,900 --> 04:54:16,300
some circumstances. 
The complete darkness of those 

5155
04:54:16,300 --> 04:54:19,200
first months, gradually 
lighting's to a more manageable 

5156
04:54:19,200 --> 04:54:22,400
glue. 
The first relaxations are 

5157
04:54:22,400 --> 04:54:26,400
tentative, almost apologetic. 
Regulations. 

5158
04:54:26,400 --> 04:54:29,200
Allow heavily shielded Street 
Lighting in some areas. 

5159
04:54:29,200 --> 04:54:33,400
Not the full illumination of 
pre-war years, but enough to 

5160
04:54:33,400 --> 04:54:36,700
prevent the worst accidents and 
to make navigation possible 

5161
04:54:36,700 --> 04:54:40,600
without constant hazard. 
These new lights, cast pools of 

5162
04:54:40,600 --> 04:54:44,900
dim Radiance that seemed 
extraordinarily bright after 

5163
04:54:44,900 --> 04:54:48,600
years of complete darkness. 
Even though they are actually 

5164
04:54:48,600 --> 04:54:50,500
quite faint by historical 
standards. 

5165
04:54:51,400 --> 04:54:54,600
People's reactions to these 
first returns of public lighting

5166
04:54:54,600 --> 04:54:57,200
reveal. 
How much the darkness has 

5167
04:54:57,200 --> 04:55:00,700
affected them. 
Some feel immediate relief and 

5168
04:55:00,700 --> 04:55:02,600
easing of tension. 
They haven't quite realized they

5169
04:55:02,600 --> 04:55:06,300
were carrying the simple ability
to see where you're walking to 

5170
04:55:06,300 --> 04:55:08,300
recognize faces to orient 
yourself. 

5171
04:55:08,300 --> 04:55:13,000
Visually These feel like 
luxuries gifts restored after 

5172
04:55:13,000 --> 04:55:15,600
long debt probation. 
Others. 

5173
04:55:15,600 --> 04:55:17,900
Feel oddly uncomfortable with 
the lights return. 

5174
04:55:17,900 --> 04:55:22,300
After years of Darkness even 
dim, lighting can feel exposing 

5175
04:55:22,300 --> 04:55:24,800
and vulnerable. 
Some people have grown 

5176
04:55:24,800 --> 04:55:28,500
accustomed to the anonymity that
Darkness provides the sense of 

5177
04:55:28,508 --> 04:55:30,900
being unseen As you move through
public spaces. 

5178
04:55:31,800 --> 04:55:35,100
The return of light. 
However, faint removes that 

5179
04:55:35,108 --> 04:55:38,500
protective invisibility. 
The gradual restoration 

5180
04:55:38,500 --> 04:55:42,900
progresses through 1944 as 
allied forces, push across 

5181
04:55:42,900 --> 04:55:45,000
Europe and the threat to 
Britain. 

5182
04:55:45,000 --> 04:55:50,300
Recedes. more lights, return 
regulations, relax further and 

5183
04:55:50,300 --> 04:55:53,600
the familiar glow of evening 
civilization begins to rebuild 

5184
04:55:54,600 --> 04:55:58,800
Shop Windows light up first just
modestly but enough to display 

5185
04:55:58,800 --> 04:56:00,900
goods and to create welcoming 
spaces. 

5186
04:56:01,900 --> 04:56:04,600
Then Street lamps return to more
normal operation. 

5187
04:56:04,600 --> 04:56:07,800
They're familiar yellow orange 
light painting Pavements and 

5188
04:56:07,800 --> 04:56:10,200
facades. 
For those who remember the 

5189
04:56:10,200 --> 04:56:13,600
change and by this point young 
children have lived their entire

5190
04:56:13,600 --> 04:56:15,600
conscious lives under blackout 
conditions. 

5191
04:56:15,600 --> 04:56:19,200
The restoration of light feels 
almost magical. 

5192
04:56:20,100 --> 04:56:23,400
Treats that had been navigated 
by memory and faiths suddenly 

5193
04:56:23,400 --> 04:56:27,000
reveal themselves in detail. 
building show their full 

5194
04:56:27,000 --> 04:56:31,200
architectural character Faces 
become readable from a distance 

5195
04:56:31,200 --> 04:56:35,000
the urban landscape recovers his
visible complexity. 

5196
04:56:35,900 --> 04:56:38,900
The psychological impact of 
restored lighting is profound 

5197
04:56:38,900 --> 04:56:42,200
and multifaceted. 
There's certainly celebration 

5198
04:56:42,200 --> 04:56:46,600
relief and joy at this tangible 
symbol of the wars waning. 

5199
04:56:47,500 --> 04:56:51,500
But there's all a strange 
sadness and unexpected Nostalgia

5200
04:56:51,500 --> 04:56:54,100
for something that everyone 
complained about constantly 

5201
04:56:54,100 --> 04:56:57,400
while it was happening. 
The blackout years for all their

5202
04:56:57,400 --> 04:57:02,500
difficulty had created a kind of
Fellowship a shared experience 

5203
04:57:02,500 --> 04:57:04,800
that had bound Community 
together. 

5204
04:57:05,700 --> 04:57:08,800
With the return of light comes 
the return of normal, Urban 

5205
04:57:08,800 --> 04:57:13,100
anonymity, the dissolution of 
that intense Mutual dependence. 

5206
04:57:13,800 --> 04:57:16,700
Some of the Innovations and 
adaptations developed during the

5207
04:57:16,700 --> 04:57:20,400
blackout persist even after 
they're no longer necessary. 

5208
04:57:21,200 --> 04:57:24,300
People who learn to navigate by 
sound and memory retain those 

5209
04:57:24,300 --> 04:57:26,800
skills. 
Families, who discovered they 

5210
04:57:26,800 --> 04:57:28,900
enjoyed evening read aloud 
sessions. 

5211
04:57:28,900 --> 04:57:31,500
Continue them even when bright 
lights would permit individual 

5212
04:57:31,500 --> 04:57:34,100
reading. 
Communities that Drew together 

5213
04:57:34,100 --> 04:57:36,300
in darkness, maintain some of 
that closeness. 

5214
04:57:36,300 --> 04:57:40,300
Those relationships that formed 
during shared difficulty. 

5215
04:57:41,300 --> 04:57:42,800
The physical traces of the 
blackout. 

5216
04:57:42,800 --> 04:57:46,600
Persist, too, white painted, 
curbs and tree trunks remain 

5217
04:57:46,600 --> 04:57:49,700
their purpose obsolete, but 
their present continuing 

5218
04:57:50,700 --> 04:57:52,900
Blackout curtains, stay up in 
many homes. 

5219
04:57:52,900 --> 04:57:56,700
Why take them down when they're 
already installed when they 

5220
04:57:56,700 --> 04:57:59,700
useful for privacy? 
When there are a remind of 

5221
04:57:59,700 --> 04:58:03,400
survival? 
Architectural features designed 

5222
04:58:03,400 --> 04:58:06,700
for the blackout era. 
Those double door entries on 

5223
04:58:06,700 --> 04:58:09,700
pubs the carefully. 
Positioned lighting fixtures 

5224
04:58:09,700 --> 04:58:13,100
remain as fossils of a 
particular historical moment. 

5225
04:58:14,000 --> 04:58:17,100
The ecological effects of the 
blackout years gradually reverse

5226
04:58:17,100 --> 04:58:21,500
as artificial like returns that 
night sky slowly disappears. 

5227
04:58:21,500 --> 04:58:24,100
Again behind his veil of urban 
globe. 

5228
04:58:24,800 --> 04:58:27,900
The Stars fade from Easy 
visibility the Milky Way 

5229
04:58:27,900 --> 04:58:31,700
withdraws, the darkness that had
revealed Celestial beauty is 

5230
04:58:31,700 --> 04:58:33,700
pushed back by human 
illumination. 

5231
04:58:34,600 --> 04:58:37,600
Some people mourn. 
This loss realizing that the 

5232
04:58:37,600 --> 04:58:39,900
blackout had given them a gift. 
They'll never receive. 

5233
04:58:39,900 --> 04:58:44,200
Again the regular site of the 
universe, their heads, The 

5234
04:58:44,200 --> 04:58:47,400
generation that lived through 
the blackout carries memories, 

5235
04:58:47,400 --> 04:58:50,100
that shape their relationship 
with light and darkness for the 

5236
04:58:50,100 --> 04:58:53,200
rest of their lives. 
Those who were children during 

5237
04:58:53,200 --> 04:58:55,400
the blackout often. 
Develop, either a strong 

5238
04:58:55,408 --> 04:58:58,800
preference for Darkness finding 
comfort in the nighttime 

5239
04:58:58,800 --> 04:59:02,400
environment, they was children 
or an equally strong preference,

5240
04:59:02,400 --> 04:59:06,100
for abundant light. 
A kind of overcompensation for 

5241
04:59:06,100 --> 04:59:10,200
years of enforced dimness. 
The blackout leaves. 

5242
04:59:10,200 --> 04:59:14,300
Its mark on British culture in 
subtle ways, a certain comfort 

5243
04:59:14,300 --> 04:59:18,300
with dimmer lighting persists. 
British homes and public spaces 

5244
04:59:18,300 --> 04:59:21,400
tend toward more modest 
illumination than their American

5245
04:59:21,400 --> 04:59:23,500
counterparts. 
Preference. 

5246
04:59:23,500 --> 04:59:26,600
That may Trace partially to this
period of enforced Darkness. 

5247
04:59:27,400 --> 04:59:31,300
The idea that too much light is 
wasteful even slightly vulgar 

5248
04:59:31,300 --> 04:59:34,000
becomes embedded in aesthetic, 
Sensibility. 

5249
04:59:35,000 --> 04:59:37,700
The historical memory of the 
blackout carries multiple 

5250
04:59:37,700 --> 04:59:40,400
meanings. 
It becomes a symbol of British 

5251
04:59:40,400 --> 04:59:43,900
resilience of the homefront 
contribution, to the war effort 

5252
04:59:43,900 --> 04:59:46,700
and of collective. 
Sacrifice for a common cause 

5253
04:59:47,800 --> 04:59:51,300
politicians and cultural 
commentators invoke the blackout

5254
04:59:51,300 --> 04:59:54,500
as an example of what a society 
can endure when properly 

5255
04:59:54,500 --> 04:59:59,500
motivated when United by shared 
purpose, but the blackout also 

5256
04:59:59,500 --> 05:00:03,200
serves as a reminder of Wars 
intrusion into civilian life of 

5257
05:00:03,200 --> 05:00:06,800
how conflict transforms ordinary
existence in ways, both large 

5258
05:00:06,800 --> 05:00:10,500
and small. it demonstrates that 
Warfare is not just distant 

5259
05:00:10,500 --> 05:00:14,700
battles fought by soldiers, but 
also the accumulated, small 

5260
05:00:14,700 --> 05:00:18,900
deprivations and adjustments 
that everyone must make the 

5261
05:00:18,900 --> 05:00:22,900
nightly ritual of darkening, 
Windows, the cautious navigation

5262
05:00:22,900 --> 05:00:26,300
of familiar streets and the 
adaptation of every evening 

5263
05:00:26,300 --> 05:00:28,400
routine to accommodate the 
absence of light. 

5264
05:00:29,800 --> 05:00:32,800
For modern observers, the 
blackout offers A peculiar 

5265
05:00:32,800 --> 05:00:36,900
window into a world that 
simultaneously recognize of and 

5266
05:00:36,900 --> 05:00:40,200
alien. 
The Britain of 1939 had 

5267
05:00:40,200 --> 05:00:46,000
electricity radio, Automobiles 
and Cinema all the technological

5268
05:00:46,000 --> 05:00:50,300
fixtures of Modern Life. 
Yet the deliberate removal of 

5269
05:00:50,300 --> 05:00:54,000
just one element artificial 
light after dark. 

5270
05:00:54,000 --> 05:00:58,100
Transformed daily experience. 
In ways that connected people 

5271
05:00:58,100 --> 05:01:00,800
backward to pre-industrial, 
patterns of living. 

5272
05:01:00,800 --> 05:01:04,200
There's something almost 
meditative about contemplating 

5273
05:01:04,200 --> 05:01:07,200
the blackout years. 
This period, when millions of 

5274
05:01:07,200 --> 05:01:11,600
people deliberately darken their
world sitting in dimmed rooms, 

5275
05:01:11,600 --> 05:01:16,100
navigating shadowed streets and 
learning to experience their 

5276
05:01:16,100 --> 05:01:21,100
environment through senses other
than sight, In our current ERA 

5277
05:01:21,100 --> 05:01:25,000
of constant illumination. 
When light pollution is so 

5278
05:01:25,000 --> 05:01:28,800
pervasive that many children 
grow up, never seeing the Milky 

5279
05:01:28,800 --> 05:01:31,700
Way. 
When cities glow so brightly 

5280
05:01:31,700 --> 05:01:34,900
that their visible from space, 
there's something oddly 

5281
05:01:34,900 --> 05:01:37,900
appealing about this historical 
moment of chosen Darkness. 

5282
05:01:39,400 --> 05:01:42,000
The blackout reminds us that our
relationship with light and 

5283
05:01:42,000 --> 05:01:46,100
darkness is not fixed or natural
but historically constructed 

5284
05:01:46,100 --> 05:01:50,800
shaped by technology, regulation
and social practice. 

5285
05:01:51,900 --> 05:01:54,600
For most of human history, 
Darkness was inevitable. 

5286
05:01:55,300 --> 05:01:59,100
You may the best like you could 
with fire or oil but ultimately 

5287
05:01:59,100 --> 05:02:03,300
nightmare Darkness. 
Electric light changed this 

5288
05:02:03,300 --> 05:02:07,200
pushing Darkness back and 
extending the day artificially. 

5289
05:02:08,700 --> 05:02:12,600
The blackout briefly reversed 
this transformation restoring 

5290
05:02:12,600 --> 05:02:16,100
Darkness not through 
technological failure. through 

5291
05:02:16,100 --> 05:02:21,700
deliberate choice as you lie 
here now warm and comfortable in

5292
05:02:21,700 --> 05:02:24,200
a room where light is available 
at the flick of a switch. 

5293
05:02:24,200 --> 05:02:28,500
It's worth contemplating what 
the blackout reveals about human

5294
05:02:28,500 --> 05:02:33,000
adaptability and resilience. 
The people of Britain in 1939 

5295
05:02:33,000 --> 05:02:36,300
didn't know how long the war 
would last whether the blackout 

5296
05:02:36,300 --> 05:02:39,700
would be needed for weeks or 
years or whether they are cities

5297
05:02:39,700 --> 05:02:42,100
would survive will be destroyed 
yet. 

5298
05:02:42,100 --> 05:02:45,700
They adapted persevered and 
found moments of beauty and 

5299
05:02:45,700 --> 05:02:47,700
connection amidst the enforced 
Darkness. 

5300
05:02:48,800 --> 05:02:51,600
The blackout demonstrates 
something essential about human 

5301
05:02:51,600 --> 05:02:56,000
communities that we can endure 
significant disruption to normal

5302
05:02:56,000 --> 05:02:59,800
life when we understand the 
purpose behind it when we 

5303
05:02:59,800 --> 05:03:02,600
believe we're contributing to 
something larger than our 

5304
05:03:02,600 --> 05:03:06,700
individual comfort. 
The nightly ritual of darkening 

5305
05:03:06,700 --> 05:03:10,900
Windows became a form of 
participation. a tangible action

5306
05:03:10,900 --> 05:03:15,100
that connected each household 
the national effort There's 

5307
05:03:15,100 --> 05:03:18,000
something deeply human about 
gathering in darkened rooms 

5308
05:03:18,000 --> 05:03:21,800
about families coming together, 
around dim lights about 

5309
05:03:21,800 --> 05:03:24,700
Community supporting each other,
through shared difficulty. 

5310
05:03:25,400 --> 05:03:29,400
These patterns recur throughout 
human history around ancient, 

5311
05:03:29,400 --> 05:03:34,300
campfires in medieval great 
Halls, lit by Rush light and in 

5312
05:03:34,300 --> 05:03:35,800
Pioneer cabins on winter 
evenings. 

5313
05:03:37,100 --> 05:03:40,100
The blackout temporarily 
restored, these older patterns 

5314
05:03:40,100 --> 05:03:44,100
using modern technology to 
recreate, pre-modern conditions.

5315
05:03:45,000 --> 05:03:48,800
The sensory richness of the 
blackout experience, the visible

5316
05:03:48,800 --> 05:03:51,400
stars. 
The Amplified sounds, the 

5317
05:03:51,400 --> 05:03:53,400
heightened awareness of smell 
and touch. 

5318
05:03:54,300 --> 05:03:57,200
Suggests that our normal 
brightly lit, existence May 

5319
05:03:57,200 --> 05:04:00,000
diminish, certain forms of 
awareness and experience. 

5320
05:04:01,000 --> 05:04:04,900
We gain practical benefits from 
abundant light certainly, but we

5321
05:04:04,900 --> 05:04:06,500
may lose other kinds of 
perception. 

5322
05:04:06,500 --> 05:04:09,000
Other ways of experience in our 
environment. 

5323
05:04:09,000 --> 05:04:11,500
In each other, the blackouts and
force. 

5324
05:04:11,500 --> 05:04:15,400
Slowed down its requirement for 
more careful movement, more 

5325
05:04:15,400 --> 05:04:19,700
deliberate action and more time 
spent in quiet domestic setting 

5326
05:04:19,700 --> 05:04:23,400
these Creator quality of life 
that many people found 

5327
05:04:23,400 --> 05:04:28,800
surprisingly satisfying, despite
the circumstances, Frantic pace 

5328
05:04:28,800 --> 05:04:33,300
of Modern Life, the constant 
visual stimulation, the ability 

5329
05:04:33,300 --> 05:04:36,300
to pursue individual activities,
in separate rooms with 

5330
05:04:36,300 --> 05:04:40,100
independent lighting. 
All these Innovations have costs

5331
05:04:40,100 --> 05:04:43,300
as well as benefits. 
Consider how the blackout 

5332
05:04:43,300 --> 05:04:47,400
changed social interaction. 
In darkness, you couldn't judge 

5333
05:04:47,400 --> 05:04:49,900
people by their appearance quite
so readily. 

5334
05:04:50,500 --> 05:04:53,800
Conversations happened, without 
the constant visual feedback. 

5335
05:04:53,800 --> 05:04:57,000
We normally rely on people, 
learn to listen, more carefully 

5336
05:04:57,000 --> 05:05:00,300
to pay attention to voice, tone 
and word choice rather than 

5337
05:05:00,300 --> 05:05:02,100
facial expressions and body 
language. 

5338
05:05:03,100 --> 05:05:06,000
This created different kinds of 
intimacy and different patterns 

5339
05:05:06,000 --> 05:05:09,200
of connection. 
The democratizing effect of the 

5340
05:05:09,200 --> 05:05:11,500
blackout the way, it affected 
rich. 

5341
05:05:11,500 --> 05:05:15,200
And poor alike, created, a rare 
moment of genuinely shared 

5342
05:05:15,200 --> 05:05:17,000
experience across social 
classes. 

5343
05:05:17,900 --> 05:05:21,000
The Duke and the doctor, both 
navigated the same, dark and 

5344
05:05:21,000 --> 05:05:25,700
streets, both sat in dimmed 
rooms and both face the same 

5345
05:05:25,700 --> 05:05:27,600
challenge of maintaining normal 
life. 

5346
05:05:27,600 --> 05:05:31,600
Despite abnormal conditions, 
This shared experience 

5347
05:05:31,600 --> 05:05:35,700
contributed to the social 
solidarity, that characterized 

5348
05:05:35,700 --> 05:05:39,200
Britain during the War years. 
The blackout also reveals 

5349
05:05:39,200 --> 05:05:41,900
something about the relationship
between freedom and security. 

5350
05:05:42,800 --> 05:05:46,000
The regulations represented, a 
significant restriction of 

5351
05:05:46,008 --> 05:05:49,600
personal Liberty, you couldn't 
like your own home as you wished

5352
05:05:49,600 --> 05:05:53,800
couldn't move freely at night 
without risk and face penalties 

5353
05:05:53,800 --> 05:05:57,600
for violations. 
Yet, most people accepted these 

5354
05:05:57,600 --> 05:06:01,000
restrictions as legitimate and 
necessary, a reasonable 

5355
05:06:01,000 --> 05:06:05,300
trade-off for Collective safety.
The balance between individual 

5356
05:06:05,300 --> 05:06:08,100
freedom and common security is 
never simple. 

5357
05:06:08,100 --> 05:06:12,100
Never permanent. 
It must be constantly negotiated

5358
05:06:12,100 --> 05:06:15,600
and renegotiated. 
The Innovations and adaptations 

5359
05:06:15,600 --> 05:06:18,800
that emerged during the 
blackout, the Luminous paint, 

5360
05:06:18,800 --> 05:06:22,800
the white marked curbs. 
The hooded headlamps the double 

5361
05:06:22,800 --> 05:06:26,000
door entries. 
Represent human creativity 

5362
05:06:26,000 --> 05:06:30,300
responding to constraint. 
Necessity, truly does mother 

5363
05:06:30,300 --> 05:06:32,400
invention and the blackout 
years? 

5364
05:06:32,400 --> 05:06:35,200
Produced countless small 
solutions to the problems that 

5365
05:06:35,200 --> 05:06:38,900
Darkness created. 
These Innovations demonstrate, 

5366
05:06:38,900 --> 05:06:42,500
the restrictions can Inspire 
rather than merely limit. 

5367
05:06:43,400 --> 05:06:46,100
Working within constraints can 
generate creativity. 

5368
05:06:47,300 --> 05:06:49,700
The return of light. 
After years of Darkness must 

5369
05:06:49,700 --> 05:06:51,700
have felt like emerging from a 
long tunnel. 

5370
05:06:52,500 --> 05:06:55,400
The Familiar World revealed 
again, the simple pleasure of 

5371
05:06:55,400 --> 05:07:00,400
seeing clearly of moving without
constant caution of Windows that

5372
05:07:00,400 --> 05:07:04,800
connect rather than seal. 
Yet along with this relief, came

5373
05:07:04,800 --> 05:07:09,500
the loss of something too that 
peculiar intimacy that Darkness 

5374
05:07:09,500 --> 05:07:12,100
had created, that sharpened 
awareness. 

5375
05:07:12,100 --> 05:07:17,000
That sense of shared endurance. 
For those who live through it. 

5376
05:07:17,000 --> 05:07:20,500
The blackout becomes one of 
those formative experiences that

5377
05:07:20,500 --> 05:07:24,800
shape perception for a lifetime,
the carry memories of navigating

5378
05:07:24,800 --> 05:07:28,000
Darkness. 
A families gathered in dim rooms

5379
05:07:28,000 --> 05:07:32,300
of stars, brilliant overhead and
of the particular quality of 

5380
05:07:32,300 --> 05:07:35,300
Silence that descended on cities
designed for noise. 

5381
05:07:36,400 --> 05:07:41,300
These memories become stories, 
then history, then Legend part 

5382
05:07:41,300 --> 05:07:43,900
of the narrative that nation's 
tell themselves about their 

5383
05:07:43,900 --> 05:07:46,500
past. 
As we come to the end of our 

5384
05:07:46,500 --> 05:07:49,700
journey through the blackout 
years, as your eyelids grow 

5385
05:07:49,700 --> 05:07:53,400
heavy, and your breathing slows.
Let's gather the gentle lessons 

5386
05:07:53,400 --> 05:07:56,100
that this history offers for 
your own rest to tonight. 

5387
05:07:57,500 --> 05:08:00,600
The blackout teachers us that 
darkness is not necessarily 

5388
05:08:00,600 --> 05:08:04,500
something to fear, but rather a 
natural state that humans lived 

5389
05:08:04,500 --> 05:08:07,200
with for Millennia before 
electric light became common. 

5390
05:08:07,900 --> 05:08:11,300
Those wartime britons learned to
find comfort and even Beauty. 

5391
05:08:11,300 --> 05:08:14,900
And darkness, the visible stars,
the heightened awareness of 

5392
05:08:14,900 --> 05:08:18,800
sound and smell and the coziness
of dimly lit rooms where 

5393
05:08:18,800 --> 05:08:23,000
families gathered close as you 
prepare for Sleep, your 

5394
05:08:23,000 --> 05:08:25,900
participating in the same 
ancient human practice 

5395
05:08:25,900 --> 05:08:30,700
voluntarily entering Darkness 
trusting it to hold, you safely,

5396
05:08:30,700 --> 05:08:34,200
while your Consciousness dims 
the darkness of sleep is 

5397
05:08:34,200 --> 05:08:38,600
restorative necessary and a gift
rather than a threat. 

5398
05:08:39,400 --> 05:08:43,400
Like those blackout nights. 
It offers a time of rest of 

5399
05:08:43,400 --> 05:08:47,000
withdrawal, from the constant 
stimulation of Waking Life and 

5400
05:08:47,000 --> 05:08:49,900
of renewal that comes through 
quiet and absence of light. 

5401
05:08:50,600 --> 05:08:53,800
The blackout families who learn 
to slow down to move more 

5402
05:08:53,800 --> 05:08:57,000
carefully to pay attention to 
senses Beyond sight. 

5403
05:08:57,000 --> 05:09:01,300
They discovered rhythms, that 
sleep requires to the winding 

5404
05:09:01,300 --> 05:09:05,700
down, the gradual dimming, the 
shift from activity to 

5405
05:09:05,700 --> 05:09:08,800
Stillness. 
These transitions matter. 

5406
05:09:09,600 --> 05:09:13,300
They prepare body and mind for 
the darkness of sleep just as 

5407
05:09:13,300 --> 05:09:16,900
blackout preparations, readied 
homes for the darkness of night.

5408
05:09:17,800 --> 05:09:20,900
The resilience of those blackout
years, remind us that humans can

5409
05:09:20,900 --> 05:09:25,400
adapt to almost anything and can
find peace and even pleasure in 

5410
05:09:25,400 --> 05:09:27,500
circumstances that initially 
seemed impossible. 

5411
05:09:28,400 --> 05:09:31,400
If they could learn to thrive in
darkened cities, you can 

5412
05:09:31,400 --> 05:09:35,000
certainly trust yourself to the 
darkness of your bedroom, to the

5413
05:09:35,000 --> 05:09:38,200
natural process of sleep, that 
your body knows how to perform. 

5414
05:09:39,000 --> 05:09:41,700
The community and connection 
that emerged from the shared 

5415
05:09:41,700 --> 05:09:44,900
blackout experience suggests, 
something about the importance 

5416
05:09:44,900 --> 05:09:49,100
of letting go of accepting 
limitations and of working with 

5417
05:09:49,100 --> 05:09:52,600
rather than against 
circumstances sleep requires 

5418
05:09:52,600 --> 05:09:55,200
this same surrender, you cannot 
force it. 

5419
05:09:55,200 --> 05:09:57,700
Only create conditions that 
welcome it. 

5420
05:09:58,400 --> 05:10:01,300
Like those families, dimming 
their lights and settling into 

5421
05:10:01,300 --> 05:10:03,800
evening. 
Inquired, you prepare the space 

5422
05:10:03,800 --> 05:10:06,300
and then allow the darkness to 
do its work. 

5423
05:10:07,100 --> 05:10:11,200
Those visible stars during the 
blackout, the celestial beauty 

5424
05:10:11,200 --> 05:10:14,800
that emerged when artificial 
light with Drew remind us that 

5425
05:10:14,800 --> 05:10:17,300
Darkness reveals as well as 
conceals. 

5426
05:10:18,400 --> 05:10:22,600
In sleeps, Darkness dreams 
emerge, unconscious. 

5427
05:10:22,600 --> 05:10:26,800
Processes do their necessary 
work and the mine sorts and 

5428
05:10:26,800 --> 05:10:30,600
files and heals in ways that 
can't happen in waking light. 

5429
05:10:31,800 --> 05:10:34,400
Trust the darkness to show you 
what you need to see. 

5430
05:10:35,300 --> 05:10:38,500
The gradual adaptation to the 
blackout, the way, fear 

5431
05:10:38,500 --> 05:10:41,700
transformed into competence, and
then, Comfort mirrors. 

5432
05:10:41,700 --> 05:10:44,000
The journey into sleep that you 
make each night. 

5433
05:10:44,700 --> 05:10:47,300
At first letting go of 
Consciousness can feel 

5434
05:10:47,300 --> 05:10:53,100
vulnerable, even frightening. 
But with practice with trust it 

5435
05:10:53,100 --> 05:10:59,000
becomes natural, even welcome. 
Darkness becomes familiar safe 

5436
05:10:59,000 --> 05:11:01,400
and a friend rather than a 
threat. 

5437
05:11:02,800 --> 05:11:05,500
As the blackout of eventually 
lifted and light returned. 

5438
05:11:05,500 --> 05:11:08,500
So too, will you wait tomorrow 
to lighten activity? 

5439
05:11:09,400 --> 05:11:13,000
But for now, like those wartime 
family settling into their 

5440
05:11:13,000 --> 05:11:15,800
dimmed homes. 
You can Embrace this time of 

5441
05:11:15,808 --> 05:11:19,400
darkness and quiet. 
Let your eyes closed like 

5442
05:11:19,400 --> 05:11:23,900
blackout curtains drawing shut. 
Feel your awareness dim like 

5443
05:11:23,900 --> 05:11:27,300
lights turning down. 
Allow yourself to sink into 

5444
05:11:27,300 --> 05:11:30,900
Stillness like a City, Going 
Quiet under the night sky. 

5445
05:11:32,200 --> 05:11:35,400
The people of the blackout years
survived, not through constant 

5446
05:11:35,400 --> 05:11:39,800
vigilance, but through 
acceptance adaptation, and the 

5447
05:11:39,800 --> 05:11:42,400
ability to find peace in Altered
circumstances. 

5448
05:11:43,600 --> 05:11:47,100
Villain but Darkness could be 
endured that it brought gifts 

5449
05:11:47,100 --> 05:11:50,500
along with its challenges and 
that life continued and even 

5450
05:11:50,500 --> 05:11:54,400
flourished under its cover. 
Your sleep tonight is your 

5451
05:11:54,400 --> 05:11:57,400
personal blackout a time of 
chosen. 

5452
05:11:57,400 --> 05:12:02,300
Darkness of withdrawal from the 
world's demands of rest and 

5453
05:12:02,300 --> 05:12:05,900
restoration. 
Like those wartime britons, you 

5454
05:12:05,900 --> 05:12:09,400
don't know exactly what tomorrow
will bring. you can trust that 

5455
05:12:09,400 --> 05:12:12,200
this period of Darkness will 
prepare you for whatever like 

5456
05:12:12,200 --> 05:12:15,800
reveals The last lesson of the 
blackout is, perhaps the most 

5457
05:12:15,800 --> 05:12:19,400
important that sometimes the 
most valuable thing we can do is

5458
05:12:19,400 --> 05:12:24,700
simply stop dark and our world 
and rest. not as defeat or 

5459
05:12:24,700 --> 05:12:29,500
retreat but as necessary 
preparation for continuing those

5460
05:12:29,500 --> 05:12:32,000
nightly blackout rituals were 
just safety measures. 

5461
05:12:32,000 --> 05:12:35,300
They were acknowledgments that 
activity must balance with 

5462
05:12:35,300 --> 05:12:39,400
Stillness that light needs 
Darkness as a Counterpoint and 

5463
05:12:39,400 --> 05:12:42,100
that life requires periods of 
quiet and rest. 

5464
05:12:42,100 --> 05:12:46,900
So let yourself rest. 
Now let the darkness hold you as

5465
05:12:46,900 --> 05:12:50,400
it held those millions of people
through their blackout years 

5466
05:12:50,400 --> 05:12:55,700
safely, gently preparing you for
whatever tomorrow's light will 

5467
05:12:55,700 --> 05:12:58,000
bring. 
Your eyes are growing heavy. 

5468
05:12:58,900 --> 05:13:02,200
Your breath is slowing. 
The darkness around, you is 

5469
05:13:02,200 --> 05:13:05,200
peaceful protective and 
appropriate. 

5470
05:13:06,100 --> 05:13:08,200
Sleep. 
Well, knowing that you're 

5471
05:13:08,200 --> 05:13:10,500
participating in one of 
Humanity's oldest and most 

5472
05:13:10,508 --> 05:13:14,100
natural practices. 
The darkness is your friend 

5473
05:13:14,100 --> 05:13:17,400
tonight just as it became the 
friend of those who learned to 

5474
05:13:17,400 --> 05:13:21,700
live through the great blackout 
rest easy rest deep rest. 

5475
05:13:21,700 --> 05:13:25,000
Well and when morning comes when
light returns you'll wake 

5476
05:13:25,000 --> 05:13:27,700
refreshed as those blackout 
families woke to another day 

5477
05:13:27,700 --> 05:13:31,100
resilient and adapted and ready 
to continue. 

5478
05:13:32,100 --> 05:13:35,500
For now though, just darkness, 
just quiet, just rest. 

5479
05:13:36,400 --> 05:13:36,900
Sleep. 
Well. 

5480
05:13:44,600 --> 05:13:47,400
You know, how someday start 
perfectly ordinary and then take

5481
05:13:47,400 --> 05:13:48,900
a left turn into absolutely 
bonkers? 

5482
05:13:49,900 --> 05:13:52,300
Well, Tuesday, Morning, began 
with me standing. 

5483
05:13:52,300 --> 05:13:55,700
In my kitchen coffee, mug in 
hand staring at the antique, 

5484
05:13:55,700 --> 05:13:58,200
brass Compass, I'd inherited 
from great art Moira. 

5485
05:13:58,200 --> 05:14:01,100
The thing had been Gathering 
dust on my windowsill for 

5486
05:14:01,100 --> 05:14:04,200
months, but something about the 
way the Morning Light caught its

5487
05:14:04,200 --> 05:14:05,900
warning. 
Graving made me pick it up. 

5488
05:14:07,100 --> 05:14:10,900
The compass felt surprisingly 
warm in my palm almost like it 

5489
05:14:10,900 --> 05:14:13,500
had been sitting in sunshine all
morning instead of shadow. 

5490
05:14:14,400 --> 05:14:17,500
A traced the Celtic knots carved
around its rim, with my finger 

5491
05:14:17,500 --> 05:14:21,200
wondering, if Moira had actually
used this thing or if it was 

5492
05:14:21,200 --> 05:14:23,800
just another piece of Scottish, 
family, folklore, collecting 

5493
05:14:23,800 --> 05:14:28,500
cobwebs, the needle, spun lazily
pointing, not North, but to some

5494
05:14:28,500 --> 05:14:31,300
direction that seemed to exist, 
only in its own mysterious 

5495
05:14:31,300 --> 05:14:33,600
geography. 
That's when things got 

5496
05:14:33,600 --> 05:14:36,000
interesting in the way that 
makes you question your morning 

5497
05:14:36,000 --> 05:14:39,100
coffee choices. 
The world around me began to 

5498
05:14:39,100 --> 05:14:41,800
Shimmer like heat waves rising 
from Summer pavement. 

5499
05:14:42,500 --> 05:14:44,900
Except my kitchen suddenly felt 
anything but warm. 

5500
05:14:45,800 --> 05:14:48,900
Colors bled at the edge of my 
vision and that peculiar 

5501
05:14:48,900 --> 05:14:50,300
ringing. 
You get in your ears during 

5502
05:14:50,300 --> 05:14:51,700
airplane, take off filled my 
head. 

5503
05:14:51,700 --> 05:14:56,200
I had just enough time to think.
Well, this is either a stroke or

5504
05:14:56,200 --> 05:14:59,100
something considerably more 
unusual before everything went 

5505
05:14:59,100 --> 05:15:01,800
sideways. 
Time travel as it turned out. 

5506
05:15:01,800 --> 05:15:04,600
Feels remarkably like being 
tumbled in the world's largest 

5507
05:15:04,600 --> 05:15:07,600
washing machine, while someone 
plays a bagpiper Orchestra 

5508
05:15:07,600 --> 05:15:10,700
directly into your skull, not 
unpleasant, exactly. 

5509
05:15:10,700 --> 05:15:13,600
But definitely not something 
you'd want to experience right 

5510
05:15:13,600 --> 05:15:16,500
after breakfast. 
The Sensational lasted either 

5511
05:15:16,500 --> 05:15:19,200
three seconds or three centuries
time. 

5512
05:15:19,200 --> 05:15:21,800
Being what negotiable during 
interdimensional Transit 

5513
05:15:21,800 --> 05:15:24,400
apparently. 
When the world stopped spinning 

5514
05:15:24,400 --> 05:15:27,900
like a cosmic carnival ride? 
I found myself standing in what 

5515
05:15:27,900 --> 05:15:31,100
appeared to be a meadow that had
never heard of lawn mowers hedge

5516
05:15:31,100 --> 05:15:35,300
trimmers or any other modern 
conveniences Tall Grass weighed 

5517
05:15:35,300 --> 05:15:38,200
around my ankles dotted with 
wildflowers, that looked like 

5518
05:15:38,200 --> 05:15:41,300
they'd stepped straight out of a
medieval illuminated manuscript,

5519
05:15:41,300 --> 05:15:44,600
the are carried sense. 
I couldn't quite place would 

5520
05:15:44,600 --> 05:15:47,800
smoke something cooking. 
That might have been bred and 

5521
05:15:47,800 --> 05:15:50,200
the earthy richness of a world 
where exhaust fumes hadn't been 

5522
05:15:50,200 --> 05:15:53,500
invented yet. 
The silence hit me first. 

5523
05:15:54,300 --> 05:15:57,300
Not the kind of quiet you get in
Suburban neighborhoods at 2 in 

5524
05:15:57,300 --> 05:16:00,300
the morning but the deep 
breathing Silence of a place 

5525
05:16:00,300 --> 05:16:02,900
where the loudest sound for 
Miles might be a bird calling or

5526
05:16:02,900 --> 05:16:06,700
wind moving through leaves no 
traffic, whom no air 

5527
05:16:06,700 --> 05:16:09,900
conditioning units. 
No distant leaf blowers just the

5528
05:16:09,900 --> 05:16:12,600
world as it existed before we 
filled it with the constant 

5529
05:16:12,600 --> 05:16:16,400
background core of Modern Life. 
I looked down at the campus. 

5530
05:16:16,400 --> 05:16:19,900
Still clutched in my hand, it's 
needle now pointed steadily, in 

5531
05:16:19,900 --> 05:16:22,400
One Direction with the 
confidence of something that 

5532
05:16:22,400 --> 05:16:25,900
finally knew where it belonged. 
The brass felt cool again 

5533
05:16:25,900 --> 05:16:29,600
ordinary as if it had never been
anything more than a family 

5534
05:16:29,600 --> 05:16:32,600
heirloom, with a tendency toward
dramatic gestures. 

5535
05:16:33,600 --> 05:16:36,300
The landscape stretched around 
me and Rolling Green Hills. 

5536
05:16:36,300 --> 05:16:39,900
That seemed to go on forever 
punctuated by stands of trees 

5537
05:16:39,900 --> 05:16:43,900
that looked older than anything 
I'd ever seen. in the distant 

5538
05:16:43,900 --> 05:16:46,600
smoke Rose, from What Might Have
Been chimneys though, calling 

5539
05:16:46,600 --> 05:16:49,900
them chimneys might be generous 
Stone structures dotted. 

5540
05:16:49,900 --> 05:16:53,000
The hillside, not ruins, but 
buildings that were clearly 

5541
05:16:53,000 --> 05:16:56,400
lived in used part of someone's 
daily life. 

5542
05:16:57,200 --> 05:17:01,400
My modern clothes felt suddenly 
conspicuous jeans and a fleece 

5543
05:17:01,400 --> 05:17:02,800
jacket. 
Probably won't go to help me 

5544
05:17:02,800 --> 05:17:06,200
blend in wherever, or whenever I
landed. 

5545
05:17:07,600 --> 05:17:11,500
The realization crept Over Me 
Slowly like cold water seeping 

5546
05:17:11,500 --> 05:17:14,600
through boots. 
I was no longer in Kansas Toto 

5547
05:17:14,600 --> 05:17:17,800
and I had a sneaking suspicion. 
I wasn't in the 21st century 

5548
05:17:17,800 --> 05:17:21,000
either. 
A distance sound drifted across 

5549
05:17:21,000 --> 05:17:24,000
the meadow voices, maybe. 
And something that could have 

5550
05:17:24,008 --> 05:17:27,500
been livestock. 
Civilization, or at least what 

5551
05:17:27,500 --> 05:17:29,800
passed for it in whatever area 
I'd stumbled into. 

5552
05:17:31,200 --> 05:17:34,000
The compass needle held steady 
pointing towards Those Distant 

5553
05:17:34,000 --> 05:17:37,300
wisps of smoke, as if it knew 
exactly where I needed to go. 

5554
05:17:38,400 --> 05:17:40,200
I took a deep breath of air that
tasted like it. 

5555
05:17:40,200 --> 05:17:42,300
Had never met a factory 
adjusted. 

5556
05:17:42,300 --> 05:17:44,600
My grip on great. 
Aunt, moira's, compass and 

5557
05:17:44,600 --> 05:17:47,200
started walking toward, whatever
Adventure awaited. 

5558
05:17:47,200 --> 05:17:50,500
After all, when you've 
accidentally time traveled to 

5559
05:17:50,500 --> 05:17:54,000
what appeared to be medieval 
Scotland standing around in a 

5560
05:17:54,000 --> 05:17:56,400
meadow questioning Your Life 
Choices, seemed less productive 

5561
05:17:56,400 --> 05:18:00,000
than finding out where you'd 
actually ended up besides the 

5562
05:18:00,000 --> 05:18:01,600
coffee back home was getting 
cold. 

5563
05:18:01,600 --> 05:18:05,100
Anyway, walking through medieval
Scotland, I discovered, it's 

5564
05:18:05,100 --> 05:18:07,400
like hiking through the world's,
most authentic historical 

5565
05:18:07,400 --> 05:18:11,300
re-enactment, except nobody told
you the rules and there's no 

5566
05:18:11,300 --> 05:18:14,200
gift shop at the end. 
The path I followed. 

5567
05:18:14,200 --> 05:18:17,400
And I used the term path 
generously for what was 

5568
05:18:17,408 --> 05:18:19,800
essentially a suggestion of 
where people might have walked 

5569
05:18:19,800 --> 05:18:22,500
repeatedly wound through 
Countryside. 

5570
05:18:22,500 --> 05:18:24,600
That looked like every romantic 
Highland calendar. 

5571
05:18:24,600 --> 05:18:28,600
You've ever seen minus the 
modern photographers and plus a 

5572
05:18:28,600 --> 05:18:31,300
concerning amount of what might 
charitably be called, natural 

5573
05:18:31,300 --> 05:18:34,000
fertilizer. 
The compass led me to order 

5574
05:18:34,000 --> 05:18:36,600
cluster of buildings that 
materialized from the landscape 

5575
05:18:36,600 --> 05:18:38,200
like something emerging from a 
dream. 

5576
05:18:39,000 --> 05:18:41,600
Stone Cottages with thatched 
roofs huddled together as if 

5577
05:18:41,600 --> 05:18:45,300
sharing warmth connected by what
I gradually recognized as 

5578
05:18:45,300 --> 05:18:48,100
streets in the same way that 
rivers are connected by 

5579
05:18:48,100 --> 05:18:52,400
riverbeds more suggestion than 
engineering Smoke curled from 

5580
05:18:52,400 --> 05:18:56,100
Chimneys in lazy, Spirals and 
the whole scene had that soft 

5581
05:18:56,100 --> 05:18:58,700
focus quality. 
You see in paintings except it 

5582
05:18:58,700 --> 05:19:03,300
smelled considerably more 
authentic. as I got closer, the 

5583
05:19:03,300 --> 05:19:06,000
sounds of daily life, began to 
filter through the morning are 

5584
05:19:06,000 --> 05:19:09,900
voices, spoke in such thick 
accents that they might as well 

5585
05:19:09,900 --> 05:19:13,500
have been speaking Gaelic, which
I realized with growing concern,

5586
05:19:13,500 --> 05:19:17,900
they probably were The rhythm of
hammering, the lowing of cattle 

5587
05:19:17,900 --> 05:19:21,200
and other sounds indicated that 
people were going about their 

5588
05:19:21,200 --> 05:19:24,500
perfectly normal, medieval 
morning routines, possibly from 

5589
05:19:24,500 --> 05:19:28,300
a Smithy nearby. 
First person, I encountered was 

5590
05:19:28,300 --> 05:19:30,000
a woman hanging laundry on a 
line. 

5591
05:19:30,008 --> 05:19:32,200
Strung between two posts 
singing. 

5592
05:19:32,200 --> 05:19:35,100
Something under her breath, that
sounded like a lullaby written 

5593
05:19:35,100 --> 05:19:37,900
by someone who understood both 
Joy and sorrow intimately. 

5594
05:19:38,800 --> 05:19:41,400
She wore a long dress in a shade
of brown that probably had a 

5595
05:19:41,408 --> 05:19:47,100
fancy historical name like umber
or russet covered by an apron 

5596
05:19:47,100 --> 05:19:51,100
that had clearly seen heavy use.
When she spotted me approaching 

5597
05:19:51,100 --> 05:19:55,000
her song Trail off and she 
straightened slowly taking in my

5598
05:19:55,000 --> 05:19:57,800
appearance with the careful 
attention of someone evaluating 

5599
05:19:57,800 --> 05:20:01,200
whether I was lost dangerous or 
merely peculiar. 

5600
05:20:02,500 --> 05:20:05,000
Given my jeans sneakers and 
fleece jacket. 

5601
05:20:05,000 --> 05:20:08,100
I was probably hitting all three
categories simultaneously. 

5602
05:20:09,100 --> 05:20:11,400
The conversation that ensued 
would have been amusing. 

5603
05:20:11,400 --> 05:20:15,800
If it hadn't been crucial to my 
immediate survival, She spoke in

5604
05:20:15,800 --> 05:20:19,300
what I eventually recognized as 
English, but English that had 

5605
05:20:19,300 --> 05:20:21,600
taken such a scenic route 
through time and Regional 

5606
05:20:21,600 --> 05:20:23,900
dialect. 
That understanding it required, 

5607
05:20:23,900 --> 05:20:26,800
the kind of mental gymnastics, 
usually reserved for solving 

5608
05:20:26,800 --> 05:20:29,800
crossword, puzzles in foreign 
languages through a combination 

5609
05:20:29,800 --> 05:20:32,600
of pointing pantomiming and the 
universal language of looking 

5610
05:20:32,600 --> 05:20:35,600
completely bewildered and 
managed to communicate that. 

5611
05:20:35,600 --> 05:20:40,900
I was a traveler from well far 
away, seemed safer than 700 

5612
05:20:40,900 --> 05:20:43,900
years in the future, she 
introduced to self as a less 

5613
05:20:43,900 --> 05:20:46,700
which she pronounced in a way 
that made my attempts to repeat 

5614
05:20:46,700 --> 05:20:49,900
it sound like someone sneezing 
while trying to say Alice. 

5615
05:20:50,800 --> 05:20:53,500
Alice had the kind of practical 
kindness that comes from living 

5616
05:20:53,500 --> 05:20:56,100
in a world where Hospitality 
might be the difference between 

5617
05:20:56,100 --> 05:21:00,000
life and death for travelers. 
She scrutinized me thoroughly 

5618
05:21:00,000 --> 05:21:04,000
observing, my clearly unfamiliar
attire and apparent bewilderment

5619
05:21:04,000 --> 05:21:07,200
before making a seemingly 
decisive assessment of My 

5620
05:21:07,200 --> 05:21:10,300
overall Innocents. 
Within minutes, I found myself 

5621
05:21:10,300 --> 05:21:13,300
sitting on a wooden stall in her
cottage which was simultaneously

5622
05:21:13,300 --> 05:21:15,700
smaller and more complex than 
I'd expected. 

5623
05:21:16,500 --> 05:21:18,200
The single room served as 
kitchen. 

5624
05:21:18,200 --> 05:21:21,200
Living room bedroom, and 
probably several other 

5625
05:21:21,200 --> 05:21:22,900
functions. 
I had an identified yet. 

5626
05:21:23,900 --> 05:21:27,800
Fire burned in a stone half that
dominated one wall, filling the 

5627
05:21:27,800 --> 05:21:30,500
space with warmth and the kind 
of wood smoke that makes you 

5628
05:21:30,500 --> 05:21:34,100
think of winter evenings even in
broad daylight. she ladled 

5629
05:21:34,100 --> 05:21:36,800
something from a pot hanging 
over the fire into a wooden bowl

5630
05:21:36,800 --> 05:21:40,100
and handed it to me with the 
universal gesture of eat this 

5631
05:21:40,100 --> 05:21:44,200
before you fall over The stew. 
And I'm calling it stew because 

5632
05:21:44,208 --> 05:21:46,900
that seemed like the closest 
modern equivalent contained 

5633
05:21:46,900 --> 05:21:49,700
ingredients. 
I couldn't entirely identify but

5634
05:21:49,700 --> 05:21:52,500
which tasted like someone had 
managed to make comfort food out

5635
05:21:52,500 --> 05:21:55,000
of whatever was available in a 
world before grocery stores? 

5636
05:21:56,200 --> 05:21:59,900
As I ate Alias continued talking
in her musical, incomprehensible

5637
05:21:59,900 --> 05:22:02,300
dialect. 
Occasionally gesturing at my 

5638
05:22:02,308 --> 05:22:04,100
clothes or the compass. 
I still carried. 

5639
05:22:05,100 --> 05:22:08,400
I nodded at what seemed like 
appropriate intervals and tried 

5640
05:22:08,400 --> 05:22:11,400
to look great for rather than 
completely lost, which wasn't 

5641
05:22:11,400 --> 05:22:15,000
difficult since I was in fact, 
deeply thankful and completely 

5642
05:22:15,000 --> 05:22:20,000
lost the stew was surprisingly, 
delicious warming, me deeply and

5643
05:22:20,000 --> 05:22:22,500
easing, the residual 
disorientation from my temporal 

5644
05:22:22,500 --> 05:22:25,600
Journey. 
Outside the village continued. 

5645
05:22:25,600 --> 05:22:28,500
Its daily Rhythm blissfully 
unaware that someone from the 

5646
05:22:28,500 --> 05:22:30,300
future was sitting in alias's 
cottage. 

5647
05:22:30,300 --> 05:22:33,200
Trying to figure out how to 
explain the concept of time 

5648
05:22:33,200 --> 05:22:34,900
travel. 
Through interpretive dance, 

5649
05:22:34,900 --> 05:22:38,400
medieval Scottish Villages, I 
learned over the following days,

5650
05:22:38,400 --> 05:22:41,800
operate on a social system, that
makes modern office politics. 

5651
05:22:41,800 --> 05:22:45,100
Look straightforward, everyone 
knows everyone else's business, 

5652
05:22:45,100 --> 05:22:48,400
but they discuss it in such 
elaborate circumlocution. 

5653
05:22:48,400 --> 05:22:51,600
That understanding what's 
actually happening requires. 

5654
05:22:51,600 --> 05:22:54,700
The analytical skills of a 
detective and the patience of a 

5655
05:22:54,700 --> 05:22:57,200
saint Alias. 
With her practical demeanor 

5656
05:22:57,200 --> 05:23:00,100
appeared to have taken on the 
role of my cultural interpreter 

5657
05:23:00,100 --> 05:23:03,200
and general care taker. 
She'd found me clothes that 

5658
05:23:03,200 --> 05:23:05,600
wouldn't immediately Mark me as 
either foreign or potentially 

5659
05:23:05,600 --> 05:23:10,900
magical a long tunic in undyed. 
Wool, rough Brown, trousers and 

5660
05:23:10,900 --> 05:23:14,500
shoes that were less shoes and 
more leather suggestions wrapped

5661
05:23:14,500 --> 05:23:17,700
around my feet. 
The transformation from 21st 

5662
05:23:17,700 --> 05:23:20,600
century person to medieval 
peasant was remarkably thorough 

5663
05:23:20,600 --> 05:23:22,800
though. 
I kept the compass hidden in in 

5664
05:23:22,800 --> 05:23:24,800
a pocket, like a technological 
talisman. 

5665
05:23:25,700 --> 05:23:28,400
The daily rhythm of village life
unfolded around me like a 

5666
05:23:28,408 --> 05:23:31,600
complex dance. 
I was learning one stumbling 

5667
05:23:31,600 --> 05:23:34,500
step at a time. 
People rose with the sun because

5668
05:23:34,500 --> 05:23:38,400
artificial lighting consisted of
candles and firelight both two 

5669
05:23:38,400 --> 05:23:41,100
precious to waste on, staying up
late, binge-watching, anything. 

5670
05:23:42,500 --> 05:23:45,100
Work commenced immediately and 
persisted until dusk, 

5671
05:23:45,100 --> 05:23:48,000
interspersed with meals that 
became unique events. 

5672
05:23:48,700 --> 05:23:50,500
Food. 
I discovered was both simpler 

5673
05:23:50,500 --> 05:23:52,300
and more complicated than I'd 
expected. 

5674
05:23:53,000 --> 05:23:55,700
Simpler because ingredients were
limited to what could be grown 

5675
05:23:55,700 --> 05:23:59,300
caught or raised locally more 
complicated because preparing 

5676
05:23:59,300 --> 05:24:01,200
even basic meals required 
skills. 

5677
05:24:01,200 --> 05:24:04,500
I'd never developed like knowing
which wild plants were edible 

5678
05:24:04,500 --> 05:24:07,700
versus which ones would make you
see colors that didn't exist. 

5679
05:24:08,500 --> 05:24:10,200
At least took my culinary 
education. 

5680
05:24:10,200 --> 05:24:13,600
Seriously teaching me to 
identify herbs by smell and 

5681
05:24:13,600 --> 05:24:16,500
touch to judge when bread was 
properly needed. 

5682
05:24:16,500 --> 05:24:19,900
By the way, the dough felt under
my hands and to attend a fire, 

5683
05:24:19,900 --> 05:24:22,700
so it provided steady heat. 
Without consuming, all the fuel,

5684
05:24:22,700 --> 05:24:25,800
these lessons came with running 
commentary and her musical 

5685
05:24:25,800 --> 05:24:29,800
dialect most of which went over 
my head but some of which I was 

5686
05:24:29,800 --> 05:24:32,700
beginning to understand through 
sheer repetition and context. 

5687
05:24:33,500 --> 05:24:36,200
The Village Blacksmith a man 
named Hamish who looked like he 

5688
05:24:36,200 --> 05:24:39,100
could arm wrestle bears for 
entertainment became another. 

5689
05:24:39,100 --> 05:24:43,000
Inadvertent teacher He spoke 
even less comprehensible English

5690
05:24:43,000 --> 05:24:46,300
than Alias that is demonstration
of metalworking were clear 

5691
05:24:46,300 --> 05:24:48,900
enough. 
Watching him shape iron with 

5692
05:24:48,900 --> 05:24:52,000
hammer and fire was like seeing 
magic that happened to obey the 

5693
05:24:52,000 --> 05:24:54,800
laws of physics. 
The rhythmic ringing of his 

5694
05:24:54,800 --> 05:24:58,300
hammer, provided The Villages 
soundtrack, a steady, percussion

5695
05:24:58,300 --> 05:25:00,000
that marked the passage of 
working hours. 

5696
05:25:00,900 --> 05:25:03,800
What struck me most was how much
everyone knew about everything 

5697
05:25:03,800 --> 05:25:08,200
ALS could predict whether by 
reading clouds identify plants 

5698
05:25:08,200 --> 05:25:09,800
that would cure headaches or 
settle. 

5699
05:25:09,800 --> 05:25:14,100
Stomachs spin wool into thread 
weave thread into cloth and cook

5700
05:25:14,100 --> 05:25:16,400
meals that turned basic 
ingredients into something 

5701
05:25:16,400 --> 05:25:17,600
approaching. 
Delicious. 

5702
05:25:17,600 --> 05:25:21,100
Hamish could make tools 
Horseshoes and weapons and 

5703
05:25:21,100 --> 05:25:22,600
probably fix anything made of 
metal. 

5704
05:25:23,700 --> 05:25:26,400
Everyone possessed practical 
knowledge that had been passed 

5705
05:25:26,400 --> 05:25:28,600
down through generations of 
trial and error. 

5706
05:25:29,400 --> 05:25:32,500
I mean why knew how to operate a
microwave and had strong 

5707
05:25:32,500 --> 05:25:36,600
opinions about coffee brands? 
The skill Gap was humbling, the 

5708
05:25:36,600 --> 05:25:39,300
social dynamics fascinated, me 
and ways that probably weren't 

5709
05:25:39,300 --> 05:25:42,700
entirely healthy Decisions 
seemed to emerge from informal 

5710
05:25:42,700 --> 05:25:45,900
discussions that could last days
with everyone contributing 

5711
05:25:45,900 --> 05:25:49,200
opinions in ways that looked 
chaotic but followed patterns. 

5712
05:25:49,200 --> 05:25:53,100
I was slowly learning to 
recognize leadership existed but

5713
05:25:53,100 --> 05:25:56,100
was more collaborative than 
hierarchical at least on the 

5714
05:25:56,100 --> 05:26:00,100
level of daily Village Life. 
My presents had become a source 

5715
05:26:00,100 --> 05:26:01,800
of mild entertainment for 
everyone. 

5716
05:26:01,800 --> 05:26:04,800
People needed to teach the 
stranger who appeared out of 

5717
05:26:04,808 --> 05:26:08,300
nowhere basic survival skills, 
that most people learned as 

5718
05:26:08,300 --> 05:26:10,900
children. 
But there was no mockery in 

5719
05:26:10,908 --> 05:26:14,800
their attention, just curiosity 
and the kind of practical 

5720
05:26:14,800 --> 05:26:17,500
helpfulness that comes from 
living in a community where 

5721
05:26:17,500 --> 05:26:20,300
everyone survival, depends on 
everyone else's competence. 

5722
05:26:21,100 --> 05:26:24,500
The evenings were my favorite 
time after the work was done and

5723
05:26:24,500 --> 05:26:25,700
the animal settled for the 
night. 

5724
05:26:25,700 --> 05:26:29,200
People would gather around fires
to share stories songs and 

5725
05:26:29,200 --> 05:26:30,800
whatever passed for local 
gossip. 

5726
05:26:31,400 --> 05:26:34,100
These sessions were like a 
combination of theater news, 

5727
05:26:34,100 --> 05:26:37,700
broadcast and social media feed 
all rolled into an oral 

5728
05:26:37,700 --> 05:26:39,600
tradition. 
That stretched back Generations.

5729
05:26:40,300 --> 05:26:43,500
I listened more than I spoke 
partly because understanding 

5730
05:26:43,500 --> 05:26:45,800
this story is required. 
Most of my mental processing 

5731
05:26:45,800 --> 05:26:48,900
power, but mainly because the 
story telling itself was so 

5732
05:26:48,900 --> 05:26:52,400
rich, These were just Tales. 
They were living history, 

5733
05:26:52,400 --> 05:26:55,900
entertainment, moral 
instruction, and Community 

5734
05:26:55,900 --> 05:26:58,700
memory, all woven together, in 
voices, that knew how to make 

5735
05:26:58,700 --> 05:27:02,600
words dance. 
Sitting by firelight surrounded 

5736
05:27:02,600 --> 05:27:05,100
by Voices, speaking. 
In rhythms older than written 

5737
05:27:05,100 --> 05:27:07,700
history. 
I began to understand why my 

5738
05:27:07,700 --> 05:27:09,700
great art moira's. 
Compass had brought me here. 

5739
05:27:11,100 --> 05:27:12,900
The present wasn't just a 
different time. 

5740
05:27:12,900 --> 05:27:16,300
It was a different way of Being 
Human one that operated on 

5741
05:27:16,300 --> 05:27:19,400
completely different assumptions
about What mattered and how life

5742
05:27:19,400 --> 05:27:21,800
should be lived. 
Just when I'd started feeling 

5743
05:27:21,800 --> 05:27:24,700
reasonably confident about my 
ability to navigate medieval 

5744
05:27:24,700 --> 05:27:27,200
Scottish life without 
accidentally starting a witch 

5745
05:27:27,200 --> 05:27:29,600
trial or dying from eating the 
wrong mushroom. 

5746
05:27:29,600 --> 05:27:32,900
The universe decided to remind 
me that historical periods. 

5747
05:27:32,900 --> 05:27:36,100
Come with historical problems. 
The kind that don't have modern 

5748
05:27:36,100 --> 05:27:38,900
solutions. 
It started with Hamish not 

5749
05:27:38,900 --> 05:27:41,400
showing up at his Forge for two 
consecutive days. 

5750
05:27:42,200 --> 05:27:44,700
In a village where everyone's 
routine was as predictable as 

5751
05:27:44,700 --> 05:27:47,200
sunrise. 
This was equivalent to the town 

5752
05:27:47,200 --> 05:27:51,400
clock stopping Alias noticed. 
First the way mother's notice 

5753
05:27:51,400 --> 05:27:55,100
when children are too quiet, she
stood in her doorway looking 

5754
05:27:55,100 --> 05:27:57,800
toward the silent Smithy with 
the expression of someone 

5755
05:27:57,800 --> 05:28:01,400
calculating distance is to the 
nearest, help the explanation 

5756
05:28:01,400 --> 05:28:05,000
when it came arrived in the form
of young tavish running through 

5757
05:28:05,000 --> 05:28:08,600
the village, like his hair was 
on fire, Shouting something, in 

5758
05:28:08,600 --> 05:28:10,800
Rapid Gaelic. 
That sent every adult within 

5759
05:28:10,800 --> 05:28:14,000
hearing distance and to 
immediate action, even with my 

5760
05:28:14,000 --> 05:28:17,100
improving language skills, I 
caught only fragments something 

5761
05:28:17,100 --> 05:28:20,700
about Riders weapons and a word 
that might have been McLeod 

5762
05:28:20,700 --> 05:28:23,700
spoken in the tone usually 
reserved for natural disasters. 

5763
05:28:24,800 --> 05:28:26,700
Within minutes. 
The Village transformed from 

5764
05:28:26,700 --> 05:28:28,800
Sleepy. 
Rural community to organized. 

5765
05:28:28,800 --> 05:28:31,800
Emergency Response. 
Team men appeared with weapons. 

5766
05:28:31,800 --> 05:28:34,700
I hadn't known. 
They possessed swords, Spears, 

5767
05:28:34,700 --> 05:28:37,600
and bows that looked both 
well-maintained and frequently 

5768
05:28:37,600 --> 05:28:40,700
used. 
Women began securing livestock 

5769
05:28:40,700 --> 05:28:44,400
hiding valuables and preparing 
for what was clearly a familiar 

5770
05:28:44,400 --> 05:28:47,700
drill. 
A lease grabbed my arm with a 

5771
05:28:47,700 --> 05:28:51,200
grip that suggested this was not
the time for questions, she led 

5772
05:28:51,200 --> 05:28:54,200
me to her Cottage where she 
began pulling up floorboards to 

5773
05:28:54,200 --> 05:28:56,100
reveal a cache. 
That contained everything from 

5774
05:28:56,100 --> 05:28:59,600
silver coins to Woolen cloaks to
what appeared to be important 

5775
05:28:59,600 --> 05:29:03,300
documents in oil cloth. 
The Hiding Place was obviously 

5776
05:29:03,300 --> 05:29:05,100
well-planned and frequently 
accessed. 

5777
05:29:05,900 --> 05:29:08,400
Through gestures and her 
increasingly urgent dialect. 

5778
05:29:08,400 --> 05:29:12,200
She managed to communicate that 
Raiders possibly Clan Rivals. 

5779
05:29:12,200 --> 05:29:15,800
Possibly just opportunistic. 
Troublemakers were approaching 

5780
05:29:15,800 --> 05:29:18,500
from the East. 
This was apparently a recurring 

5781
05:29:18,500 --> 05:29:21,100
problem, like having neighbors, 
who borrowed your tools and 

5782
05:29:21,100 --> 05:29:24,500
never returned them, except the 
tools were your livestock and 

5783
05:29:24,500 --> 05:29:28,900
the borrowing involved weapons. 
The next few hours on folded 

5784
05:29:28,900 --> 05:29:32,400
like a medieval Disaster Movie 
except with no special effects 

5785
05:29:32,400 --> 05:29:35,000
budget and considerably more 
authentic Terror. 

5786
05:29:36,400 --> 05:29:38,700
The Village emptied. 
As people moved to defensive 

5787
05:29:38,700 --> 05:29:41,800
positions or hiding places that 
had clearly been planned in 

5788
05:29:41,800 --> 05:29:44,700
advance. 
I found myself following a list 

5789
05:29:44,700 --> 05:29:47,700
to a cave system in the nearby 
Hills along with most of the 

5790
05:29:47,700 --> 05:29:51,400
women children and elderly 
Villages, the caves were more 

5791
05:29:51,400 --> 05:29:55,600
sophisticated than I'd expected 
dry well-ventilated and stocked 

5792
05:29:55,600 --> 05:29:58,100
with supplies that suggested, 
this wasn't anyone's first 

5793
05:29:58,100 --> 05:30:00,900
rodeo. 
Someone had carved rough shells 

5794
05:30:00,900 --> 05:30:03,700
into the stone walls. 
And these held water containers 

5795
05:30:03,700 --> 05:30:06,700
preserved food, and bundles of 
warm clothing. 

5796
05:30:07,700 --> 05:30:11,100
This was infrastructure born 
from necessity, the kind of 

5797
05:30:11,100 --> 05:30:14,000
preparation that comes from 
living with ongoing uncertainty.

5798
05:30:15,100 --> 05:30:18,300
Waiting in the cave listening to
the muffled sounds of what might

5799
05:30:18,300 --> 05:30:19,700
have been conflict in the 
distance. 

5800
05:30:19,700 --> 05:30:23,300
Gave me plenty of time to 
contemplate how unprepared I was

5801
05:30:23,300 --> 05:30:25,300
for medieval life's more 
challenging aspects. 

5802
05:30:26,200 --> 05:30:29,100
By modern sensibilities, kept 
expecting someone in authority 

5803
05:30:29,100 --> 05:30:33,600
to handle the situation, police 
military, some form of organized

5804
05:30:33,600 --> 05:30:36,800
government response. 
Instead the villagers were 

5805
05:30:36,800 --> 05:30:39,500
handling themselves with the 
calm competence of people. 

5806
05:30:39,500 --> 05:30:42,300
Who'd never had the luxury of 
expecting rescue from outside. 

5807
05:30:42,300 --> 05:30:45,200
How was passed with the kind of 
slow intensity? 

5808
05:30:45,200 --> 05:30:48,400
That makes you hyper aware of 
every sound children? 

5809
05:30:48,400 --> 05:30:51,800
Remained remarkably quiet as if 
they understood the stakes 

5810
05:30:51,800 --> 05:30:55,700
without needing explanation. 
Adults took turns at the cave, 

5811
05:30:55,700 --> 05:30:58,600
entrance, listening for signals 
that would indicate whether it 

5812
05:30:58,600 --> 05:31:02,100
was safe to return the compass. 
In my pocket, felt warm against 

5813
05:31:02,100 --> 05:31:04,300
my leg, a reminder that I had 
options. 

5814
05:31:04,300 --> 05:31:07,900
These people didn't I could 
potentially use it to return to 

5815
05:31:07,900 --> 05:31:09,800
my time and escape this danger 
entirely. 

5816
05:31:11,000 --> 05:31:14,300
But the thought felt like 
abandonment like walking away 

5817
05:31:14,300 --> 05:31:16,900
from people who'd shown me 
kindness when I was completely 

5818
05:31:16,900 --> 05:31:20,500
helpless. 
Late in the afternoon tavish 

5819
05:31:20,500 --> 05:31:22,700
appeared at the cave. 
Entrance with news delivered, in

5820
05:31:22,700 --> 05:31:26,100
an excited Whispers, the Raiders
had moved on without attacking 

5821
05:31:26,100 --> 05:31:28,300
the village directly apparently 
deciding. 

5822
05:31:28,300 --> 05:31:29,700
The target wasn't worth the 
effort. 

5823
05:31:30,500 --> 05:31:33,500
But they'd taken livestock from 
the outlying Farms, including 

5824
05:31:33,500 --> 05:31:36,700
hamish's prize Bull and several 
sheep along to other families, 

5825
05:31:36,700 --> 05:31:40,000
the relief was palpable but it 
came mixed with the Grim 

5826
05:31:40,000 --> 05:31:42,800
understanding that the victory 
was only a temporary reprieve, 

5827
05:31:42,800 --> 05:31:46,600
medieval life. 
I realized existed in a constant

5828
05:31:46,600 --> 05:31:50,200
state of low-level emergency 
were security was temporary and 

5829
05:31:50,200 --> 05:31:54,500
survival required constant 
vigilance as we emerge from the 

5830
05:31:54,500 --> 05:31:56,200
caves and made our way back to 
the Village. 

5831
05:31:57,000 --> 05:31:59,800
I found myself looking at my 
temporary home with new eyes. 

5832
05:32:01,000 --> 05:32:03,600
These buildings were more than 
just Charming historical 

5833
05:32:03,600 --> 05:32:06,400
structures. 
They served as Fortress walls, 

5834
05:32:06,400 --> 05:32:10,200
safe harbors and the delicate 
boundary between civilization 

5835
05:32:10,200 --> 05:32:13,600
and Chaos in a world more 
fragile than I had ever imagined

5836
05:32:13,600 --> 05:32:16,900
recovery from a medieval crisis.
I learned doesn't involve 

5837
05:32:16,900 --> 05:32:18,700
insurance claims or government 
assistance. 

5838
05:32:18,700 --> 05:32:21,500
It involves Community Action 
that makes barn-raising. 

5839
05:32:21,500 --> 05:32:24,600
Look casual, The Villages 
response to the recent raid 

5840
05:32:24,600 --> 05:32:26,900
played out like a carefully. 
Choreographed dance that 

5841
05:32:26,900 --> 05:32:28,900
everyone knew the steps to 
accept me. 

5842
05:32:30,300 --> 05:32:32,900
Within hours of returning from 
the caves assessment and 

5843
05:32:32,900 --> 05:32:36,400
redistribution began. 
Hamish's lost bull was more and 

5844
05:32:36,400 --> 05:32:39,400
briefly then replaced through a 
complex system of shared 

5845
05:32:39,400 --> 05:32:42,000
resources that involved, 
everyone contributing something 

5846
05:32:42,000 --> 05:32:45,700
grain labor animals or 
promissory notes for future 

5847
05:32:45,700 --> 05:32:48,700
services. 
Watching this unfold was like 

5848
05:32:48,700 --> 05:32:52,300
seeing economics in its most 
basic form, where was measured 

5849
05:32:52,300 --> 05:32:55,600
in Practical terms and everyone 
survival depended on everyone 

5850
05:32:55,600 --> 05:32:59,300
else's generosity. 
My role in this recovery effort 

5851
05:32:59,300 --> 05:33:01,500
was initially unclear, I 
possessed. 

5852
05:33:01,500 --> 05:33:04,700
No, livestock to share No 
traditional skills to contribute

5853
05:33:04,700 --> 05:33:08,900
and no accumulated Social 
Capital to draw upon standing 

5854
05:33:08,900 --> 05:33:11,500
around looking sympathetic. 
Wasn't going to help anyone to 

5855
05:33:11,500 --> 05:33:15,000
replace stolen sheep. 
But at least with her gift for 

5856
05:33:15,000 --> 05:33:17,600
practical Solutions, found ways 
to make me useful. 

5857
05:33:18,500 --> 05:33:21,500
She set me to work, helping with
tasks that required more hands 

5858
05:33:21,500 --> 05:33:24,300
than skill. 
Holding wool while she spun it 

5859
05:33:24,300 --> 05:33:27,900
into thread carrying water for 
various household needs and 

5860
05:33:27,900 --> 05:33:30,600
learning to tend the fire. 
So it burned efficiently without

5861
05:33:30,600 --> 05:33:34,600
consuming pressures fuel These 
weren't glamorous contributions,

5862
05:33:34,600 --> 05:33:38,700
but they freed her to focus on 
more complex work which in turn 

5863
05:33:38,708 --> 05:33:40,300
help the overall Community 
effort. 

5864
05:33:41,300 --> 05:33:44,300
The compass in my pockets seem 
to pulse occasionally as if 

5865
05:33:44,308 --> 05:33:47,700
reminding me of its presence. 
Sometimes I'd catch myself 

5866
05:33:47,700 --> 05:33:49,500
wondering what would happen if I
use it? 

5867
05:33:49,500 --> 05:33:52,800
Whether I had returned to my own
time and place leaving this 

5868
05:33:52,800 --> 05:33:55,300
community to handle their 
challenges without the minor 

5869
05:33:55,300 --> 05:33:58,000
assistance. 
I was learning to provide The 

5870
05:33:58,000 --> 05:34:01,000
thought always left me feeling 
oddly Halo like contemplating 

5871
05:34:01,000 --> 05:34:05,300
leaving a book unfinished. 
As days passed, I began to 

5872
05:34:05,300 --> 05:34:08,300
understand the intricate social 
network that held the village 

5873
05:34:08,300 --> 05:34:10,800
together. 
Relationships here weren't just 

5874
05:34:10,800 --> 05:34:13,600
personal. 
They were economic political and

5875
05:34:13,600 --> 05:34:17,200
survival based all at once. 
When old Morag shared her 

5876
05:34:17,200 --> 05:34:19,700
preserved, vegetables with 
families who lost tours to the 

5877
05:34:19,700 --> 05:34:21,600
Raiders, she wasn't just being 
kind. 

5878
05:34:21,600 --> 05:34:25,200
She was investing in a network 
of reciprocity that might save 

5879
05:34:25,200 --> 05:34:28,500
her life someday. 
My language skills, improve 

5880
05:34:28,500 --> 05:34:31,900
through necessity and immersion.
Conversations that had been 

5881
05:34:31,908 --> 05:34:35,400
incomprehensible began revealing
their meanings though. 

5882
05:34:35,400 --> 05:34:38,100
I still missed subtleties and 
references to Shared history. 

5883
05:34:38,100 --> 05:34:40,600
The dialect was like a musical 
instrument. 

5884
05:34:40,600 --> 05:34:44,400
I was learning to play, I could 
manage simple Melodies but the 

5885
05:34:44,400 --> 05:34:46,800
complex compositions were still 
be on my reach. 

5886
05:34:47,500 --> 05:34:50,400
Hamish recovered from whatever 
had kept him away, during the 

5887
05:34:50,400 --> 05:34:53,400
raid took an interest in my 
metalworking curiosity. 

5888
05:34:54,100 --> 05:34:56,700
His Forge became a second 
classroom where I learned that 

5889
05:34:56,700 --> 05:35:00,700
working with iron required 
patience timing and physical 

5890
05:35:00,700 --> 05:35:03,500
strength. 
I was slowly developing the 

5891
05:35:03,500 --> 05:35:05,700
rhythm of hammer on Anvil was 
meditative in ways. 

5892
05:35:05,700 --> 05:35:09,300
I hadn't expected and there was 
profound satisfaction in shaping

5893
05:35:09,300 --> 05:35:13,500
metal into useful forms. 
Under his patient instruction, I

5894
05:35:13,500 --> 05:35:16,500
managed to create my first 
piece, a simple hook for hanging

5895
05:35:16,500 --> 05:35:19,200
pots. 
It was crude functional and 

5896
05:35:19,200 --> 05:35:21,300
probably embarrassing by 
medieval standards. 

5897
05:35:22,200 --> 05:35:24,800
But Hamish examined it with the 
seriousness of a master 

5898
05:35:24,800 --> 05:35:27,000
Craftsman of evaluating 
important work. 

5899
05:35:27,900 --> 05:35:30,500
His nod of approval felt like 
earning a diploma from the 

5900
05:35:30,500 --> 05:35:33,600
University of practical Life, 
The Villages children became 

5901
05:35:33,600 --> 05:35:35,600
another source of Education, 
though. 

5902
05:35:35,600 --> 05:35:38,100
They were probably learning as 
much from me as I was from 

5903
05:35:38,100 --> 05:35:40,500
there. 
My story is about the future 

5904
05:35:40,500 --> 05:35:44,900
carefully disguised, as Tales 
from far away, fascinated them 

5905
05:35:44,900 --> 05:35:48,400
in return. 
They taught me Games songs and 

5906
05:35:48,400 --> 05:35:51,100
the kind of local knowledge that
adults took for granted but 

5907
05:35:51,100 --> 05:35:53,900
visitors needed to learn. 
Through their patient, 

5908
05:35:53,900 --> 05:35:56,400
instruction. 
I discovered, which berries were

5909
05:35:56,400 --> 05:35:59,600
safe to eat how to read weather 
signs and cloud formations. 

5910
05:35:59,600 --> 05:36:02,600
And the proper way to approach 
various animals without getting 

5911
05:36:02,600 --> 05:36:06,700
kicked, bitten or worse. 
I realized that children's 

5912
05:36:06,700 --> 05:36:09,700
knowledge, and filtered by 
assumptions about what everyone 

5913
05:36:09,700 --> 05:36:12,700
already knew was often more 
practical than adult knowledge. 

5914
05:36:13,800 --> 05:36:16,500
Evening storytelling sessions 
continued to be highlights of 

5915
05:36:16,500 --> 05:36:20,000
each day by contributions to 
these gatherings evolved from 

5916
05:36:20,000 --> 05:36:22,200
Silent listening to occasional 
participation. 

5917
05:36:23,300 --> 05:36:26,300
First time I successfully told a
story that made people laugh. 

5918
05:36:26,300 --> 05:36:29,500
I felt like I had passed some 
invisible test of community 

5919
05:36:29,500 --> 05:36:32,300
membership. 
The story was about to travel 

5920
05:36:32,308 --> 05:36:35,300
who got lost and ended up in a 
place where everything was 

5921
05:36:35,300 --> 05:36:37,900
familiar. 
But slightly different like his 

5922
05:36:37,900 --> 05:36:39,900
home viewed through a distorting
mirror. 

5923
05:36:40,600 --> 05:36:42,300
Looking back. 
It was probably more 

5924
05:36:42,300 --> 05:36:45,600
autobiography Than Fiction but 
the audience appreciated the 

5925
05:36:45,600 --> 05:36:48,700
humor in someone bumbling 
through unfamiliar Customs while

5926
05:36:48,700 --> 05:36:52,200
trying to maintain dignity. 
Sitting by fire lights 

5927
05:36:52,200 --> 05:36:54,200
surrounded by faces that had 
become familiar. 

5928
05:36:54,200 --> 05:36:57,400
And dear, I realized I'd stopped
thinking about this experience 

5929
05:36:57,400 --> 05:37:00,200
as temporary. 
The compass still rested in my 

5930
05:37:00,200 --> 05:37:03,700
pocket, still offered the 
possibility of return, but that 

5931
05:37:03,700 --> 05:37:06,200
possibility felt less urgent 
than it had when I had first 

5932
05:37:06,200 --> 05:37:08,600
arrived. 
Finding your place May mean not 

5933
05:37:08,600 --> 05:37:11,400
just surviving, but also adding 
value to those around. 

5934
05:37:11,400 --> 05:37:14,600
You living in medieval Scotland,
for several weeks, taught me 

5935
05:37:14,600 --> 05:37:16,900
that Community isn't just a 
pleasant social concept. 

5936
05:37:16,900 --> 05:37:20,700
It's a survival technology 
refined over Generations. 

5937
05:37:21,500 --> 05:37:24,700
Every relationship, every 
tradition, and every seemingly, 

5938
05:37:24,700 --> 05:37:27,800
casual interactions served 
multiple purposes that were to 

5939
05:37:27,800 --> 05:37:29,800
immediately obvious to someone 
raise in the age of 

5940
05:37:29,808 --> 05:37:31,600
individualism and social safety 
nets. 

5941
05:37:32,500 --> 05:37:35,000
The Revelation came during 
preparation for what is called 

5942
05:37:35,000 --> 05:37:38,300
the Harvest celebration though, 
my improving language skills 

5943
05:37:38,300 --> 05:37:41,000
suggested the actual name 
involved several syllables that 

5944
05:37:41,000 --> 05:37:43,000
didn't translate directly into 
Modern English. 

5945
05:37:44,100 --> 05:37:45,900
The celebration wasn't just a 
party. 

5946
05:37:45,900 --> 05:37:50,200
It was a Community Wide ritual 
of gratitude resource assessment

5947
05:37:50,200 --> 05:37:53,500
and social bonding that would 
help everyone survive the coming

5948
05:37:53,500 --> 05:37:55,300
winter. 
Preparations. 

5949
05:37:55,300 --> 05:37:58,600
Began weeks in advance and 
involved everyone in overlapping

5950
05:37:58,600 --> 05:38:01,800
Circles of responsibility. 
Women organized food, 

5951
05:38:01,800 --> 05:38:03,900
preparation. 
That required coordinating 

5952
05:38:03,900 --> 05:38:05,900
ingredients from dozens of 
households. 

5953
05:38:06,600 --> 05:38:08,900
Men handle construction of 
temporary structures and 

5954
05:38:08,900 --> 05:38:12,500
arrangements for entertainment 
children, manage smaller tasks 

5955
05:38:12,500 --> 05:38:14,800
that nonetheless, proved 
essential to the overall effort.

5956
05:38:15,800 --> 05:38:18,900
my role in these preparations 
had naturally transitioned from 

5957
05:38:18,900 --> 05:38:23,200
that of a helpful, stranger to 
that of a Community member Alias

5958
05:38:23,200 --> 05:38:25,900
no longer gave me basic 
instructions for simple tasks. 

5959
05:38:25,900 --> 05:38:29,200
She assumed, I understood the 
underlying patterns and would 

5960
05:38:29,200 --> 05:38:32,600
apply them appropriately. 
This shift from explicit 

5961
05:38:32,600 --> 05:38:34,400
teaching to implicit 
expectation. 

5962
05:38:34,400 --> 05:38:38,500
Felt like Crossing an invisible 
threshold. hey, Michelle began 

5963
05:38:38,500 --> 05:38:41,100
including me in conversations 
about metalwork projects that 

5964
05:38:41,108 --> 05:38:44,400
extended Beyond immediate 
practical needs, Planning 

5965
05:38:44,400 --> 05:38:47,100
decorative elements for the 
celebration, discussing 

5966
05:38:47,100 --> 05:38:50,600
improvements tools and equipment
and considering the next seasons

5967
05:38:50,600 --> 05:38:53,500
requirements. 
These conversations assumed I 

5968
05:38:53,500 --> 05:38:54,700
would be present for their 
completion. 

5969
05:38:55,600 --> 05:38:59,100
The Assumption was never stated 
directly, but it colored every 

5970
05:38:59,100 --> 05:39:02,800
discussion about future plans. 
The compass in my pocket, had 

5971
05:39:02,800 --> 05:39:05,900
become a familiar. 
Wait no longer foreign but not 

5972
05:39:05,900 --> 05:39:09,000
quite forgotten. 
Sometimes I'd catch myself, 

5973
05:39:09,000 --> 05:39:11,800
absolutely touching it through 
the fabric like checking for 

5974
05:39:11,800 --> 05:39:15,000
keys or a wallet in a habit that
suggested ownership rather than 

5975
05:39:15,000 --> 05:39:18,200
temporary possession. 
When had it stopped being my 

5976
05:39:18,200 --> 05:39:19,700
great? 
Aunt, moira's, compass and 

5977
05:39:19,700 --> 05:39:23,400
become simply mine. 
As the celebration approached, I

5978
05:39:23,400 --> 05:39:25,600
began to understand the deeper 
currents that moved beneath 

5979
05:39:25,600 --> 05:39:28,500
Village Life. 
This ceremony wasn't just about 

5980
05:39:28,500 --> 05:39:31,700
Harvest, it was about 
reinforcing social bonds. 

5981
05:39:31,700 --> 05:39:34,200
That would be tested by Winters 
isolation and challenges. 

5982
05:39:34,200 --> 05:39:37,700
The shared work of preparation 
created opportunities for 

5983
05:39:37,700 --> 05:39:41,600
resolving conflicts, negotiating
marriages planning collaborative

5984
05:39:41,600 --> 05:39:44,600
projects and generally 
maintaining the social fabric 

5985
05:39:44,600 --> 05:39:47,900
that held everyone together. 
My contribution to the 

5986
05:39:47,900 --> 05:39:50,500
Celebration, planing surprised 
me with its complexity. 

5987
05:39:51,200 --> 05:39:53,900
What started, as simple task 
assistance had grown into 

5988
05:39:53,900 --> 05:39:56,700
genuine responsibility for 
coordinating between different 

5989
05:39:56,700 --> 05:39:59,200
working groups. 
People came to me with 

5990
05:39:59,200 --> 05:40:02,000
questions, suggestions and 
problems that needed solving 

5991
05:40:02,000 --> 05:40:05,100
somehow without conscious 
intention had. 

5992
05:40:05,100 --> 05:40:07,700
Become someone others relied 
upon the night before the 

5993
05:40:07,700 --> 05:40:09,800
celebration. 
I found myself sitting with 

5994
05:40:09,800 --> 05:40:13,100
Hamish outside his Forge, 
sharing ale at tasted like 

5995
05:40:13,100 --> 05:40:16,300
liquid bread and watching stars 
that looked brighter than any 

5996
05:40:16,300 --> 05:40:19,900
IDE seen in the 21st century. 
Our conversation. 

5997
05:40:19,900 --> 05:40:22,000
Meandered through topics that 
would have been impossible. 

5998
05:40:22,000 --> 05:40:25,900
When I first arrived, technical 
discussion of metalworking 

5999
05:40:25,900 --> 05:40:29,600
philosophical observations about
community life and shared 

6000
05:40:29,600 --> 05:40:31,300
complaints, about whether and 
Neighbors. 

6001
05:40:32,200 --> 05:40:34,900
You're different than when you 
first appeared Hamish said in 

6002
05:40:34,900 --> 05:40:37,500
his careful English clearly 
making an effort to communicate 

6003
05:40:37,500 --> 05:40:40,500
precisely less like someone 
watching everything from 

6004
05:40:40,500 --> 05:40:43,300
outside. 
His observation struck me as 

6005
05:40:43,300 --> 05:40:46,000
profoundly accurate. 
I had been watching from outside

6006
05:40:46,000 --> 05:40:49,500
initially observing medieval 
life like an anthropologist or 

6007
05:40:49,500 --> 05:40:52,300
tourist maintaining 
psychological distance even 

6008
05:40:52,300 --> 05:40:55,200
while learning practical skills.
But somewhere along the way, 

6009
05:40:55,200 --> 05:40:58,700
that distance had dissolved, I'd
stopped analyzing and started 

6010
05:40:58,700 --> 05:41:01,400
simply living. 
The realization raised 

6011
05:41:01,400 --> 05:41:02,500
questions. 
I'd been avoiding. 

6012
05:41:02,500 --> 05:41:06,200
What was my responsibility to 
this community that had taken me

6013
05:41:06,200 --> 05:41:08,200
in? 
What did I owe to people who 

6014
05:41:08,200 --> 05:41:11,800
shared their resources knowledge
and lives with someone who might

6015
05:41:11,800 --> 05:41:15,800
disappear at any moment? 
The compass offered Escape but 

6016
05:41:15,800 --> 05:41:19,800
escaped from what and to, what 
my Modern Life seemed 

6017
05:41:19,800 --> 05:41:23,600
increasingly abstract when I 
tried to recall its details, the

6018
05:41:23,600 --> 05:41:27,300
job that had felt vital, the 
possessions I'd accumulated the 

6019
05:41:27,300 --> 05:41:30,000
relationships that operated 
through screens and scheduled 

6020
05:41:30,000 --> 05:41:32,700
interactions. 
All of it felt less real than 

6021
05:41:32,700 --> 05:41:36,000
the weight of bread dough in my 
hands, all the satisfaction of 

6022
05:41:36,000 --> 05:41:40,700
shaping metal in hamish's Forge.
That night I lay on the straw 

6023
05:41:40,700 --> 05:41:44,000
mattress in a lease as cottage 
listening to The Familiar sound 

6024
05:41:44,000 --> 05:41:47,700
of Village Life, settling into 
sleep and tried to imagine using

6025
05:41:47,700 --> 05:41:51,200
the compass to return home. 
The image felt Hollow, like 

6026
05:41:51,200 --> 05:41:52,900
trying to remember a dream upon 
waking. 

6027
05:41:54,000 --> 05:41:57,100
This was not because Modern Life
was bad, but rather, because it 

6028
05:41:57,100 --> 05:41:59,700
belonged to someone, I could no 
longer confidently identify 

6029
05:41:59,700 --> 05:42:02,200
with. 
The celebration tomorrow would 

6030
05:42:02,200 --> 05:42:07,000
Mark, not just the Harvest, but 
a year cycle of growth work and 

6031
05:42:07,000 --> 05:42:09,800
Community survival. 
It occurred to me that I'd 

6032
05:42:09,800 --> 05:42:12,100
become part of that cycle. 
In ways I hadn't planned or 

6033
05:42:12,100 --> 05:42:14,600
expected. 
The question, wasn't whether I 

6034
05:42:14,600 --> 05:42:17,700
belonged here it was whether I 
could imagine belonging anywhere

6035
05:42:17,700 --> 05:42:20,600
else tomorrow would provide 
Clarity one way or another 

6036
05:42:20,608 --> 05:42:23,900
Harvest celebration unfolded 
like a Symphony played by 

6037
05:42:23,900 --> 05:42:25,400
instruments. 
I'd never heard before. 

6038
05:42:25,400 --> 05:42:29,300
But somehow recognized in my 
bones Dawn brought the center of

6039
05:42:29,300 --> 05:42:32,800
bread baking in communal ovens. 
The sound of children's laughter

6040
05:42:32,800 --> 05:42:36,100
mixing with adult voices, raised
in songs that seemed older than 

6041
05:42:36,100 --> 05:42:39,100
the stones themselves and a 
sense of anticipation that made 

6042
05:42:39,100 --> 05:42:40,900
the air itself, feel alive with 
possibility. 

6043
05:42:42,200 --> 05:42:45,300
I worked to find that I had left
new clothes on the stool beside 

6044
05:42:45,300 --> 05:42:48,300
my bed, not the rough work, on 
garment side, grown accustomed 

6045
05:42:48,300 --> 05:42:51,200
to, but Festival clothes and 
colors that caught the light. 

6046
05:42:52,000 --> 05:42:54,700
The tunic was deep blue. 
The color of the evening sky 

6047
05:42:54,700 --> 05:42:57,800
with embroidery around the neck 
and sleeves that must have taken

6048
05:42:57,800 --> 05:43:01,900
weeks to complete. when had she 
found time to create this and 

6049
05:43:01,900 --> 05:43:04,600
why The day began with the 
ritual. 

6050
05:43:04,600 --> 05:43:07,000
I was invited to join rather 
than simply observe. 

6051
05:43:07,700 --> 05:43:09,500
Standing in the Village Center 
with everyone else. 

6052
05:43:09,500 --> 05:43:12,400
Hands joined in a circle that 
encompassed the entire 

6053
05:43:12,400 --> 05:43:15,500
community. 
I listened to words spoken in 

6054
05:43:15,500 --> 05:43:17,900
Gaelic that I couldn't 
understand but somehow felt the 

6055
05:43:17,908 --> 05:43:20,800
meaning of gratitude 
remembrance. 

6056
05:43:20,800 --> 05:43:24,000
Hope for the future 
acknowledgment of the cycles 

6057
05:43:24,000 --> 05:43:27,800
that connected all life. 
Universal Concepts expressed in 

6058
05:43:27,800 --> 05:43:30,900
ancient syllables. upon the 
conclusion of the formal 

6059
05:43:30,900 --> 05:43:34,700
ceremonies and the commencement 
of the celebration proper I 

6060
05:43:34,700 --> 05:43:37,400
found myself effortlessly 
transitioning through familiar 

6061
05:43:37,400 --> 05:43:41,600
routines Helping to arrange food
on long tables, constructed from

6062
05:43:41,608 --> 05:43:45,200
planks and saw horses ensuring 
that fires were properly tended 

6063
05:43:45,200 --> 05:43:48,200
to keep everything warm and 
solving small logistical 

6064
05:43:48,200 --> 05:43:50,500
problems that arose when large 
groups tried to coordinate, 

6065
05:43:50,500 --> 05:43:53,900
complex activists. 
But something had shifted in how

6066
05:43:53,900 --> 05:43:57,800
others responded to my presents.
Previously strangers would greet

6067
05:43:57,800 --> 05:44:00,800
me with careful polite nurse but
now they greet me with the 

6068
05:44:00,800 --> 05:44:04,000
Casual warmth of family. 
Children ran to me with 

6069
05:44:04,000 --> 05:44:07,000
questions and small disaster, 
that needed adult attention. 

6070
05:44:07,800 --> 05:44:10,100
Adults included me in 
conversations without the 

6071
05:44:10,100 --> 05:44:12,900
slight, pause that indicated 
translation or explanation. 

6072
05:44:13,900 --> 05:44:15,900
Hamish found me during the 
height of the festivities, 

6073
05:44:15,900 --> 05:44:19,000
caring to cuts of something that
smelled like fermented 

6074
05:44:19,000 --> 05:44:21,800
happiness. 
You've been quiet today. 

6075
05:44:21,800 --> 05:44:24,700
He noted, as he settled beside 
me on a log strategically, 

6076
05:44:24,700 --> 05:44:26,500
positioned to overlook the 
celebration. 

6077
05:44:27,200 --> 05:44:30,900
Thinking heavy thoughts. 
The question was more perceptive

6078
05:44:30,900 --> 05:44:33,600
than I'd expected. 
I had been thinking heavy 

6079
05:44:33,600 --> 05:44:38,000
thoughts about time belonging 
responsibility and the weight of

6080
05:44:38,008 --> 05:44:41,500
choices that couldn't be undone.
The compass in my pocket, felt 

6081
05:44:41,500 --> 05:44:44,300
heavier than usual. 
As if it understood the decision

6082
05:44:44,300 --> 05:44:48,100
time was approaching I've been 
thinking about staying, I said 

6083
05:44:48,100 --> 05:44:51,500
the words emerging before I had 
consciously decided to speak 

6084
05:44:51,500 --> 05:44:55,000
them, Hamish nodded as if his 
Discovery wasn't surprising 

6085
05:44:55,000 --> 05:44:56,900
news. 
And what stopping you? 

6086
05:44:57,900 --> 05:44:59,700
The question pierced through my 
inner turmoil. 

6087
05:44:59,700 --> 05:45:02,800
What was stopping me? 
Fear of commitment to a life. 

6088
05:45:02,808 --> 05:45:04,300
So different from everything I 
know. 

6089
05:45:05,100 --> 05:45:07,000
Was I feeling guilty for 
forsaking my own 

6090
05:45:07,000 --> 05:45:10,700
responsibilities or something 
deeper the terror of discovering

6091
05:45:10,700 --> 05:45:12,600
that I might be happier in a 
world without modern 

6092
05:45:12,600 --> 05:45:16,100
conveniences that my carefully 
constructed 21st century. 

6093
05:45:16,100 --> 05:45:18,500
Life might have been a beautiful
prison. 

6094
05:45:18,500 --> 05:45:21,400
I'd mistaken for Freedom as 
evening approached and the 

6095
05:45:21,400 --> 05:45:23,600
celebration began winding 
towards its traditional 

6096
05:45:23,600 --> 05:45:26,100
conclusion. 
Alias appeared at my elbow with 

6097
05:45:26,100 --> 05:45:28,600
timing that suggested she'd been
watching for the right moment. 

6098
05:45:29,600 --> 05:45:32,500
without words, she led me away 
from the crowd to a quiet spot 

6099
05:45:32,500 --> 05:45:35,900
overlooking the village with the
sound of continuing festivities 

6100
05:45:35,900 --> 05:45:39,200
provided a cheerful background 
murmur The compass. 

6101
05:45:39,200 --> 05:45:42,200
She said simply using English 
words carefully. 

6102
05:45:42,200 --> 05:45:45,100
Chosen for clarity. 
It brought you here for a 

6103
05:45:45,100 --> 05:45:48,400
reason, I looked at her in 
surprise, you know, about the 

6104
05:45:48,400 --> 05:45:50,600
compass. 
Her smile carried. 

6105
05:45:50,600 --> 05:45:53,900
Centuries of knowledge. 
Some things are older than the 

6106
05:45:53,900 --> 05:45:56,400
stories we tell about them. 
Your great aren't new. 

6107
05:45:56,400 --> 05:45:59,100
This place knew these people, 
the compass doesn't bring 

6108
05:45:59,100 --> 05:46:01,400
Travelers, it brings family 
home. 

6109
05:46:02,200 --> 05:46:04,800
The Revelation settled over me 
like recognition of something. 

6110
05:46:04,800 --> 05:46:06,900
I'd always known but never 
articulated. 

6111
05:46:06,900 --> 05:46:10,800
Great aren't moira's stories 
about Scotland, her mysterious 

6112
05:46:10,800 --> 05:46:13,000
past. 
And the way she'd always seemed 

6113
05:46:13,000 --> 05:46:16,500
slightly out of step with modern
times suddenly they made sense 

6114
05:46:16,500 --> 05:46:19,500
in ways that had nothing to do 
with logic and everything to do 

6115
05:46:19,500 --> 05:46:22,500
with truth. 
The compass, grew warm in my 

6116
05:46:22,500 --> 05:46:26,600
pocket and I understood that, 
this was the moment of choice, I

6117
05:46:26,600 --> 05:46:28,900
could return to my time, 
carrying memories of this 

6118
05:46:28,900 --> 05:46:31,700
experience like souvenirs from 
an extraordinary vacation. 

6119
05:46:32,800 --> 05:46:36,400
Or I could stay accepting the 
responsibility and joy of 

6120
05:46:36,400 --> 05:46:40,000
genuine belonging in a community
that had already accepted me as 

6121
05:46:40,000 --> 05:46:42,900
one of their own looking down at
the village, where lights 

6122
05:46:42,900 --> 05:46:45,900
flickered and windows, where 
people I'd grown to love were 

6123
05:46:45,900 --> 05:46:48,200
continuing celebrations. 
That would carry them through 

6124
05:46:48,200 --> 05:46:51,100
another winter, where my hand 
had helped build something 

6125
05:46:51,100 --> 05:46:55,400
larger than myself, Choice felt 
less like a decision and more 

6126
05:46:55,400 --> 05:46:58,300
like recognition. 
The compass would stay in my 

6127
05:46:58,300 --> 05:47:00,600
pocket. 
Its work complete. 

6128
05:47:01,600 --> 05:47:02,500
I was already home.