Puppy Culture Potluck: Ep37 - Puppies That Shiver After First Solid Foods: Are They Cold or Calibrating?
This episode is about the possible reasons why very young puppies sometimes shiver after big sensory experiences, especially after eating food from a dish for the first few times.
We discuss:
- The neurological organization function of shivering
- Different theories about shivering after new experiences, such as being put in a new room or eating food for the first time
- How shivering may prime the puppies' sensory system for “wonder”
Visit our website www.madcapradio.com for further reading.
2025-12-23
17 min
Transcript
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Transcript
1 00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:03,200 I'm Jane Messineo Lindquist. 2 00:00:05,240 --> 00:00:08,880 And this is a Puppy Culture Potluck podcast. 3 00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:15,600 You bring the topics, 4 00:00:15,600 --> 00:00:18,560 we bring the conversation. 5 00:00:18,560 --> 00:00:21,960 This episode's topic is about puppies 6 00:00:22,560 --> 00:00:26,880 that shiver after new big sensory 7 00:00:27,440 --> 00:00:30,840 experiences, particularly after eating. 8 00:00:32,680 --> 00:00:35,960 And I'm not going to read the original post 9 00:00:36,760 --> 00:00:40,560 because the topic came up in the comments on the post. 10 00:00:40,560 --> 00:00:43,560 But what I'll say generally is that the post was 11 00:00:44,160 --> 00:00:47,160 a video of a three and a half week old puppy 12 00:00:48,240 --> 00:00:51,960 that had just eaten a meal and was vocalizing. 13 00:00:52,480 --> 00:00:55,160 And the puppy also happened to be sort 14 00:00:55,160 --> 00:00:58,160 of trembling or shivering. 15 00:00:58,840 --> 00:01:02,640 And a number of people wrote in, well, you know, the puppy's too cold. 16 00:01:02,640 --> 00:01:04,280 He needs look, he's shivering. 17 00:01:04,280 --> 00:01:07,120 He needs a heat source. 18 00:01:07,120 --> 00:01:11,520 And the original poster replied, it's 75°F in the room. 19 00:01:11,520 --> 00:01:13,920 Should be warm enough. It was not a breed 20 00:01:15,000 --> 00:01:17,960 that was extremely small or tended to run cold. 21 00:01:17,960 --> 00:01:20,960 In fact, it's a breed that probably runs hot. 22 00:01:21,240 --> 00:01:27,480 So I mentioned that shivering is common when puppies are first 23 00:01:27,720 --> 00:01:31,800 consuming food on their own, or even just drinking milk on their own. 24 00:01:32,400 --> 00:01:35,040 And I used to think that it was 25 00:01:35,040 --> 00:01:38,040 because the food was too cold or the room was too cold. 26 00:01:38,640 --> 00:01:41,920 But no matter how I adjusted those variables, 27 00:01:41,920 --> 00:01:45,840 no matter how warm I made the room, no matter how warm I made the food, 28 00:01:46,120 --> 00:01:49,120 even if I added like a snuggle safe or a heat source, 29 00:01:49,440 --> 00:01:52,720 nothing seemed to make a difference, 30 00:01:52,720 --> 00:01:56,600 at least not with those first few meals. 31 00:01:57,120 --> 00:02:00,000 Meanwhile, I started noticing 32 00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:02,800 in our discussion groups that 33 00:02:02,800 --> 00:02:05,800 breeders were writing in and reporting 34 00:02:06,480 --> 00:02:10,440 that their puppies were shaking or shivering with other kinds 35 00:02:10,440 --> 00:02:15,720 of new big sensory experiences, things like being carried into new room, 36 00:02:16,000 --> 00:02:21,360 placed on a new surface, given some sort of new tactile object or toy. 37 00:02:22,680 --> 00:02:23,960 And of course, 38 00:02:23,960 --> 00:02:27,680 often also in response to first foods. 39 00:02:28,120 --> 00:02:30,240 The thing is, 40 00:02:30,240 --> 00:02:33,120 these events were happening 41 00:02:33,120 --> 00:02:36,200 generally before the initial fear response, 42 00:02:36,240 --> 00:02:39,360 and they did not appear to have any 43 00:02:39,360 --> 00:02:44,040 noticeable emotion component other than maybe the discomfort 44 00:02:44,040 --> 00:02:47,040 of the the shaking or trembling. 45 00:02:47,920 --> 00:02:51,760 And I've come to believe that this is just a sensory 46 00:02:51,760 --> 00:02:55,040 integration response, especially 47 00:02:56,040 --> 00:02:59,400 because these breeders, these other breeders have reported 48 00:02:59,400 --> 00:03:03,280 similar responses around this age to any new big 49 00:03:03,280 --> 00:03:06,280 sensory experience. 50 00:03:07,280 --> 00:03:10,080 The discussion around this was super interesting. 51 00:03:10,080 --> 00:03:13,360 And I want to share some of these comments with you. 52 00:03:13,920 --> 00:03:16,800 Here's one we have always referred to this 53 00:03:16,800 --> 00:03:21,800 as the meat shakes, as it consistently happens 54 00:03:21,800 --> 00:03:25,800 after the first few meals of meat milk slurry. 55 00:03:26,880 --> 00:03:29,880 And then someone else said, yup, this. 56 00:03:30,160 --> 00:03:34,920 We see it in neonatal kittens around the same age from the same thing. 57 00:03:35,360 --> 00:03:36,840 Meat shakes. 58 00:03:37,800 --> 00:03:38,800 Yeah. 59 00:03:38,800 --> 00:03:41,520 A few people mentioned seeing it in kittens, 60 00:03:41,520 --> 00:03:44,280 and at least one other member reported 61 00:03:44,280 --> 00:03:47,280 seeing it in goats as well. 62 00:03:47,400 --> 00:03:48,920 Here's another. 63 00:03:48,920 --> 00:03:52,800 Never saw it in our first 23 letters, but in current litter, 64 00:03:52,800 --> 00:03:57,040 two of them did that during the first week when I started to give them food, 65 00:03:57,960 --> 00:04:02,880 they shivered after eating maybe 15 minutes, then slept peacefully. 66 00:04:03,480 --> 00:04:05,760 Always the same. Two pups. 67 00:04:05,760 --> 00:04:10,720 Normally I give puppies their first meal when they're 3.5 or 4 weeks old, 68 00:04:11,080 --> 00:04:14,760 but this time the litter was big and mama didn't have much milk, 69 00:04:15,040 --> 00:04:18,720 so I started warmed starter moose plus goat milk 70 00:04:18,720 --> 00:04:21,720 when the pups were two and a half weeks old. 71 00:04:21,760 --> 00:04:25,200 I didn't see it any more after the puppies were three and a half weeks. 72 00:04:26,320 --> 00:04:28,480 Me talking again. 73 00:04:28,480 --> 00:04:30,240 Let's put a pin in that. 74 00:04:30,240 --> 00:04:33,240 Could there be an age differential? 75 00:04:34,320 --> 00:04:36,480 Here's another one. 76 00:04:36,480 --> 00:04:40,560 I suspect it's a physiological response to increased blood 77 00:04:40,560 --> 00:04:44,920 flow to the GI tract to aid digestion of the new food. 78 00:04:45,520 --> 00:04:49,440 At this age, the puppies have an immature system, to mean consistent 79 00:04:49,440 --> 00:04:54,840 or adequate hemostatic pressure in response to altered blood flow demands. 80 00:04:55,320 --> 00:05:00,160 So they shiver as they have changed peripheral or other blood flow. 81 00:05:00,800 --> 00:05:02,320 That's just my theory. 82 00:05:02,320 --> 00:05:05,640 I don't know if there's any truth to it, but it makes sense to me. 83 00:05:06,680 --> 00:05:08,520 And then somebody responded. 84 00:05:08,520 --> 00:05:10,480 That was my take as well. 85 00:05:10,480 --> 00:05:13,560 I also noticed that their feet felt cold. 86 00:05:15,080 --> 00:05:17,840 So me again, interesting 87 00:05:17,840 --> 00:05:21,000 blood being diverted for digestion 88 00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:26,200 and the immature system for maintaining hemostatic pressure. 89 00:05:26,880 --> 00:05:27,880 Interesting. Yeah. 90 00:05:27,880 --> 00:05:28,440 Could be. 91 00:05:28,440 --> 00:05:32,040 Especially with the sort of smoking gun of the cold feet. 92 00:05:33,480 --> 00:05:35,440 Here's another one. 93 00:05:35,440 --> 00:05:38,200 I'm not a breeder, but I did use Puppy Culture 94 00:05:38,200 --> 00:05:41,000 because my breeder used it and recommended it. 95 00:05:41,000 --> 00:05:44,000 So I read and learn and learn and read. 96 00:05:44,280 --> 00:05:47,280 I do have an adult autistic child 97 00:05:47,480 --> 00:05:50,680 and she had the same phenomenon as a young girl. 98 00:05:51,360 --> 00:05:55,080 Her clinicians explained it to me and forgive me if I do not use 99 00:05:55,080 --> 00:05:58,800 the most technical terminology, but here's the summary. 100 00:06:00,240 --> 00:06:03,960 When nervous systems are in the middle of a major growth phase called 101 00:06:03,960 --> 00:06:09,480 the transitional period, during this window, sensory pathways 102 00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:13,760 touch and smell, proprioception, 103 00:06:14,400 --> 00:06:17,040 are rapidly turning on. 104 00:06:17,040 --> 00:06:20,040 The brain is shifting from primitive reflexes 105 00:06:20,320 --> 00:06:23,320 to early conscious processing. 106 00:06:23,480 --> 00:06:25,480 The nervous system is still learning how 107 00:06:25,480 --> 00:06:28,480 to integrate new information smoothly. 108 00:06:29,280 --> 00:06:33,840 A brief shiver is the nervous systems way of calibrating itself 109 00:06:34,120 --> 00:06:37,320 when something new enters the sensory world. 110 00:06:38,280 --> 00:06:43,040 This is often called a transient sensory integration tremor. 111 00:06:44,040 --> 00:06:45,600 The brainstem, 112 00:06:45,600 --> 00:06:49,840 thalamus, cortex handoff is still stabilizing. 113 00:06:50,440 --> 00:06:53,440 The shiver is the bridge. 114 00:06:53,920 --> 00:06:58,880 The process is galvanizing the pathways that give rise to being open 115 00:06:58,880 --> 00:07:01,880 to a world of wonderment. 116 00:07:03,360 --> 00:07:04,600 Yeah. 117 00:07:04,600 --> 00:07:07,160 I mean, it makes a lot of sense. 118 00:07:07,160 --> 00:07:08,760 Sensory integration tremor. 119 00:07:08,760 --> 00:07:11,400 It it does seem like a match. 120 00:07:11,400 --> 00:07:14,400 But note that in humans at least, 121 00:07:14,640 --> 00:07:18,840 the sensory integration tremors are brief and transitory. 122 00:07:19,720 --> 00:07:22,600 Puppies tend to shake for a good stretch 123 00:07:22,600 --> 00:07:25,600 after eating or having a big experience, 124 00:07:26,400 --> 00:07:28,960 but I definitely think that this is describing 125 00:07:28,960 --> 00:07:31,960 at least a component of what's going on. 126 00:07:33,040 --> 00:07:36,480 You know, there's also this concept of frisson 127 00:07:36,480 --> 00:07:40,560 which is the chills and tremors that you get with tremendous 128 00:07:40,920 --> 00:07:44,520 emotional experience, like listening to music 129 00:07:45,520 --> 00:07:50,240 or just having any kind of like watching a movie that is very emotional. 130 00:07:50,280 --> 00:07:51,960 The goosebumps that you get. 131 00:07:53,760 --> 00:07:55,360 In any event, 132 00:07:55,360 --> 00:07:58,960 when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated, 133 00:07:59,560 --> 00:08:03,680 it can cause this kind of release that causes the body to shake. 134 00:08:04,720 --> 00:08:07,240 And eating something good 135 00:08:07,240 --> 00:08:10,800 and pleasurable, especially if it's never happened to you 136 00:08:10,800 --> 00:08:15,720 before, definitely could activate the parasympathetic nervous system. 137 00:08:16,680 --> 00:08:19,120 That's why training with food rewards has such 138 00:08:19,120 --> 00:08:22,120 a strong positive effect. 139 00:08:22,440 --> 00:08:26,640 In human babies, I've heard this called the want shiver. 140 00:08:27,120 --> 00:08:30,520 If you give a baby something new, especially something they like. 141 00:08:30,920 --> 00:08:35,200 It can definitely elicit a shaking or shivering response. 142 00:08:36,040 --> 00:08:38,520 But again, in humans at least, 143 00:08:38,520 --> 00:08:42,960 these are usually very short duration, just like that. 144 00:08:43,120 --> 00:08:45,600 As she described it, that sort of little bridge. 145 00:08:45,600 --> 00:08:46,240 In puppies. 146 00:08:46,240 --> 00:08:50,520 It tends to be of a longer duration, but I'm just going to say, 147 00:08:50,520 --> 00:08:54,720 let's add sensory integration tremor to this list of things 148 00:08:54,960 --> 00:08:58,880 that could it could either be or could be contributing factors. 149 00:09:00,040 --> 00:09:02,520 Here's another comment. 150 00:09:02,520 --> 00:09:04,960 After food makes sense, 151 00:09:04,960 --> 00:09:07,840 need to be in a parasympathetic state 152 00:09:07,840 --> 00:09:11,080 to quote rest and digest, unquote. 153 00:09:12,480 --> 00:09:15,120 And then she put up a quote here. 154 00:09:15,120 --> 00:09:19,320 Parasympathetic shaking refers to the natural body mechanism 155 00:09:19,320 --> 00:09:23,640 of shaking to release tension and restore the nervous system to a calm 156 00:09:23,960 --> 00:09:28,560 rest and digest state after a stressful event. 157 00:09:29,160 --> 00:09:34,440 It's an involuntary response, also known as neurogenic tremory, that helps the body 158 00:09:34,440 --> 00:09:39,480 return to a parasympathetic state by releasing stored sympathetic energy. 159 00:09:40,200 --> 00:09:40,800 Me again. 160 00:09:40,800 --> 00:09:43,800 Essentially, it's an adrenaline dump. 161 00:09:45,240 --> 00:09:51,000 And also just an adjacent topic that I'm not going to go way down this rabbit hole. 162 00:09:51,000 --> 00:09:56,160 But just because something is pleasurable does not mean it's not stressful. 163 00:09:56,920 --> 00:10:02,120 Big emotional events, even if it's positive emotional events, 164 00:10:02,920 --> 00:10:05,520 it it's stressful for the body 165 00:10:05,520 --> 00:10:10,040 to integrate all of this amazing knowledge that's coming in that, 166 00:10:10,320 --> 00:10:13,040 wow, there's this stuff I can put in my mouth, 167 00:10:13,040 --> 00:10:16,080 and then it goes down on my stomach and it does, oh, wow. 168 00:10:16,080 --> 00:10:18,040 This is amazing. 169 00:10:18,040 --> 00:10:23,480 It's still stress in the sense of taxing the nervous system. 170 00:10:23,480 --> 00:10:24,240 And the body. 171 00:10:26,400 --> 00:10:26,760 Okay. 172 00:10:26,760 --> 00:10:29,760 And here's a different take from another member. 173 00:10:30,600 --> 00:10:31,680 Could be. 174 00:10:31,680 --> 00:10:33,440 Interesting topic. 175 00:10:33,440 --> 00:10:36,720 However, shivering can definitely be caused 176 00:10:36,720 --> 00:10:39,720 by different physiologic pathways. 177 00:10:39,960 --> 00:10:42,680 Thermogenesis or sympathetic 178 00:10:42,680 --> 00:10:45,680 nervous system activation. 179 00:10:45,760 --> 00:10:49,440 One pathway is just trying to regulate body temperature. 180 00:10:50,360 --> 00:10:53,960 The other is responding to fear or excitement. 181 00:10:55,000 --> 00:10:59,400 If puppies are shaking while eating or anticipation of eating, 182 00:10:59,920 --> 00:11:04,240 I'd say that's maybe the same thing as integrating new experiences. 183 00:11:04,760 --> 00:11:07,320 Mine shiver after meals, 184 00:11:07,320 --> 00:11:10,800 which sounds like a common thing, based on the comments. 185 00:11:11,760 --> 00:11:14,240 I think that even in a warm room, 186 00:11:14,240 --> 00:11:17,240 their system just needs to shiver 187 00:11:17,320 --> 00:11:20,040 like someone with a fever will shiver. 188 00:11:20,040 --> 00:11:23,200 Their core body temperature drops when they eat food 189 00:11:23,200 --> 00:11:26,200 other than milk the first few times. 190 00:11:26,280 --> 00:11:29,520 Is it possible that their thermoregulation system 191 00:11:29,520 --> 00:11:34,200 is just coming online fully at the age when they start eating food? 192 00:11:36,880 --> 00:11:37,320 This is a 193 00:11:37,320 --> 00:11:40,880 really interesting comment, because this ties 194 00:11:40,880 --> 00:11:43,880 back to the earlier comment that someone made 195 00:11:44,880 --> 00:11:47,880 about younger puppies being more likely to shake, 196 00:11:48,480 --> 00:11:51,000 because by this theory, the younger puppies 197 00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:54,600 would have less well developed thermoregulation 198 00:11:54,600 --> 00:11:58,200 and be more likely to actually get cold when they eat. 199 00:11:59,640 --> 00:12:01,280 It's a really interesting 200 00:12:01,280 --> 00:12:04,400 and appealing argument, but I do have to say, 201 00:12:05,080 --> 00:12:08,600 the puppies that have done it, that I've had, that have done it, 202 00:12:09,000 --> 00:12:13,320 have done it, even when I make their formula 203 00:12:13,320 --> 00:12:17,680 that they're lapping very warm, warmer than body temperature. 204 00:12:18,800 --> 00:12:21,800 So you kind of have to wonder if this were true, 205 00:12:21,880 --> 00:12:24,240 you know, why wouldn't they get the shakes when they nurse? 206 00:12:24,240 --> 00:12:27,240 Why is it when transition to food. 207 00:12:28,200 --> 00:12:31,960 Well, here's another theory this breeder writes in and I quote. 208 00:12:33,200 --> 00:12:35,480 It's called gluttony. 209 00:12:35,480 --> 00:12:38,800 This is why pups should have a dish each. 210 00:12:39,240 --> 00:12:41,280 So not to overeat. 211 00:12:41,280 --> 00:12:42,960 Slow and steady. 212 00:12:42,960 --> 00:12:45,960 It doesn't happen. 213 00:12:46,120 --> 00:12:46,680 Yeah. 214 00:12:46,680 --> 00:12:51,480 At least 4 or 5 breeders wrote in and said they felt the shaking was caused 215 00:12:51,840 --> 00:12:52,720 by overeating. 216 00:12:52,720 --> 00:12:58,320 And interestingly, all of those breeders were bull terrier breeders. 217 00:12:59,000 --> 00:13:02,000 I mean, there were a couple hundred responses, 218 00:13:02,520 --> 00:13:05,400 and it's not like it was mostly bull terrier people. 219 00:13:05,400 --> 00:13:09,640 It was proportionately probably the same amount of bull terrier 220 00:13:09,640 --> 00:13:12,680 people as there are bull terrier breeders to other breeders. 221 00:13:12,680 --> 00:13:17,040 So it's not like the bull terrier people were overrepresented, 222 00:13:17,040 --> 00:13:20,120 so we got a lot of differing points of view from them. 223 00:13:20,120 --> 00:13:23,120 I mean, it seems like this is a phenomenon 224 00:13:23,840 --> 00:13:27,400 definitely recognized in our breed. 225 00:13:28,560 --> 00:13:31,640 Overeating is not something that I have controlled for, 226 00:13:31,640 --> 00:13:36,360 so I do wonder if it's possible that once they're eating on their own, 227 00:13:36,920 --> 00:13:39,640 they're capable of just getting more food down 228 00:13:39,640 --> 00:13:43,680 their gullet more quickly, than would be possible while nursing. 229 00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:46,720 The last few litters I've had 230 00:13:46,720 --> 00:13:51,480 have been less eager to take food early in general 231 00:13:52,280 --> 00:13:56,600 and been less, I would say gluttonous than my previous litters. 232 00:13:57,040 --> 00:13:58,040 So there's that. 233 00:13:58,040 --> 00:13:59,920 Maybe. Maybe there is something to this. 234 00:13:59,920 --> 00:14:00,840 Maybe those puppies 235 00:14:00,840 --> 00:14:04,080 were self-regulating in a way that some of my other litters didn't. 236 00:14:05,080 --> 00:14:09,800 I also have become a lot more methodical about my weaning process 237 00:14:09,800 --> 00:14:11,600 and how I introduce food, 238 00:14:11,600 --> 00:14:14,920 and I tend to build it up much more slowly than I used to, 239 00:14:15,280 --> 00:14:18,840 instead of just throwing a plate of slop at the puppies, I'm 240 00:14:18,840 --> 00:14:21,840 adding small amounts of different foods over time, 241 00:14:21,960 --> 00:14:25,280 so it's possible that that's a contributing reason 242 00:14:25,280 --> 00:14:28,680 why I haven't seen it in my most recent litters. 243 00:14:29,760 --> 00:14:32,920 It's not something I've tracked in the past this over eating, but 244 00:14:32,920 --> 00:14:36,240 it's an interesting theory and I'm going to pay more attention to it in the future. 245 00:14:38,040 --> 00:14:40,640 I was so fascinated by this conversation 246 00:14:40,640 --> 00:14:45,400 that I put up a poll to see how prevalent the phenomenon was. 247 00:14:45,840 --> 00:14:49,880 Now, if I had been clever, I would have given a choice 248 00:14:49,880 --> 00:14:53,120 for no, I've never seen this phenomenon, 249 00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:56,360 but I didn't make that one of the choices, 250 00:14:56,360 --> 00:14:59,360 so I didn't capture that data. 251 00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:04,320 I can say just from the comments that were made that many, 252 00:15:04,320 --> 00:15:08,840 if not most, of the total litters in the world do not do this. 253 00:15:09,360 --> 00:15:12,240 And for sure not every litter will do it. 254 00:15:12,240 --> 00:15:15,960 I would say I've seen it in about 25% of my own litters. 255 00:15:17,320 --> 00:15:20,880 So a total of 232 people answered this poll. 256 00:15:21,240 --> 00:15:24,000 And here's what they said: 257 00:15:24,000 --> 00:15:27,760 131 breeders, 56% said 258 00:15:27,760 --> 00:15:33,360 that they had seen this phenomenon after eating, 43 breeders, 259 00:15:33,360 --> 00:15:36,360 19% said they had seen it 260 00:15:36,400 --> 00:15:39,680 when putting the puppy in a new room or space, 261 00:15:40,920 --> 00:15:43,920 40 breeders, 17% 262 00:15:43,920 --> 00:15:48,000 said they had seen it when placing a puppy on a new surface, 263 00:15:48,840 --> 00:15:51,360 nine breeders, 4% 264 00:15:51,360 --> 00:15:54,960 had seen it when a puppies lifted, six 265 00:15:54,960 --> 00:15:59,040 breeders, 3% noticed it when meeting new people. 266 00:16:00,120 --> 00:16:03,120 And then two breeders, 1% of the total 267 00:16:03,360 --> 00:16:07,840 saw it, when giving puppies a new toy or sensory object. 268 00:16:08,880 --> 00:16:11,480 So this was a really interesting discussion. 269 00:16:11,480 --> 00:16:14,040 If you're on any of our Facebook discussion groups, 270 00:16:14,040 --> 00:16:17,640 please do stop by and share your experience. 271 00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:20,760 If you're not already part of our discussion groups, 272 00:16:20,760 --> 00:16:24,840 you can go to our fan page, Puppy Culture on Facebook. 273 00:16:24,840 --> 00:16:27,840 We did have this discussion there as well, 274 00:16:27,920 --> 00:16:32,560 but I can't recommend enough that you join one of our discussion groups. 275 00:16:32,800 --> 00:16:34,440 You don't need to be part of our courses 276 00:16:34,440 --> 00:16:38,000 to join the Puppy Culture discussion group on Facebook. 277 00:16:38,520 --> 00:16:42,320 And if you ask anybody who's part of these groups, they're going to tell you, 278 00:16:42,320 --> 00:16:45,840 these are great, safe spaces for intelligent 279 00:16:45,840 --> 00:16:48,840 conversation about dogs. 280 00:16:48,960 --> 00:16:53,160 If you liked this podcast, you'll love our breeder discounts. 281 00:16:53,560 --> 00:16:54,560 Breeders. 282 00:16:54,560 --> 00:16:57,480 You can get your puppy owners off to the right start, 283 00:16:57,480 --> 00:17:01,560 and also get a nice discount when you buy four or more copies 284 00:17:01,560 --> 00:17:04,920 of our Puppy Course or any of our Puppy Owner bundles. 285 00:17:05,400 --> 00:17:08,400 Check them out at puppyculture.com. 286 00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:10,720 Well, that's it for this time. 287 00:17:10,720 --> 00:17:12,760 Thanks for listening. 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