How Forks Changed the Way We Eat (and Think) | Boring History For Sleep

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Hey, everyone. 
Tonight, we're digging into a 

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story. 
That's right. 

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Under your nose and often in 
your hand, we're talking about 

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the fork. 
That simple little utensil 

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changed more about human 
behavior culture, and dining 

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than most people realize. 
At first it was controversial 

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mocked, even feared, but over 
time it reshaped. 

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How people ate how meals were 
served and even how we sat at 

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the table. 
So, before you get comfortable, 

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let me know in the comments 
where you're tuning in from, and

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what time it is, it's always fun
to see where this strange little

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journey through history reaches.
Now lower the lights. 

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Maybe set your phone down, like 
a fine, piece of silverware, and

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get comfortable because this is 
the real history behind how the 

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fort quietly changed everything.
Picture this. 

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You're sitting down to dinner 
and there's no Fork beside your 

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plate. 
None. 

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All you have is a knife 
resembling a miniature sword in 

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your hands. 
Welcome to Medieval Europe, 

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where eating wasn't just a meal.
It was performance art and 

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everyone was terrible at it. 
You reach for that roasted 

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chicken leg grease. 
Already making your fingers 

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slippery as a greased pig at a 
County Fair. person next to you 

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is tearing into bread with the 
dedication of someone defusing, 

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a bomb crumbs, flying 
everywhere, like tiny edible 

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confetti Across the table. 
Someone's attempting to eat soup

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by lifting the bolt to their 
lips. 

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Creating what can only be 
described as a small waterfall 

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of broth down their chin? 
This was dinner, every single 

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night for centuries, your 
ancestors possessed a wealth of 

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intelligence and creativity as 
evidenced by the cathedrals, 

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they built in the Poetry. 
They penned that somehow the 

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simple concept of stabbing food 
with small metal tines, and 

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bringing it gracefully to your 
mouth. 

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That brilliant Innovation was 
still centuries away. 

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The knife had been around 
forever practically since 

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humans. 
Figured out how to bang rocks 

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together. 
Spoon showed up when someone got

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tired of cupping their hands to 
drink soup and decided a shell, 

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or carved piece of wood, might 
work better. 

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Fork. 
Was the middle child of utensils

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arriving. 
Fashionably late to the party 

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and immediately causing drama. 
You have to understand the 

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world. 
The forks entered, this century 

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was a time when people thought 
bathing to frequently was 

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dangerous to your health when 
bloodletting was considered 

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sound medical practice, and when
everyone was convinced, the 

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Earth was the center of the 
universe. 

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In to this world of questionable
decision-making. 

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Came a utensil that would have 
eventually revolutionize not 

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just how we eat but how we can 
sit a civilization itself. 

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The thing is eating with, your 
hands wasn't just accepted. 

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It was the sophisticated way to 
do everything. 

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There were rules elaborate 
etiquette guides that read like 

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instruction manuals for 
diffusing explosives. 

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You use three fingers of your 
right hand. 

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Never your left? 
You wiped your hands on the 

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communal napkin, not your 
clothes, you didn't reach across

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the table, like, you were 
performing yoga. 

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These weren't suggestions. 
They were the difference between

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being invited back to dinner and
being labeled a social outcast. 

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Imagine trying to eat spaghetti 
this way, actually don't imagine

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it. 
It's too painful. 

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People manage somehow but meals 
took forever and everyone went 

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to bed with food under their 
fingernails and gravy stains on 

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their sleeves. 
That would make a modern pair 

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and have a nervous breakdown. 
The wealthy had its slightly 

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better they could afford more 
elaborate knives sometimes with 

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decorative handles that cost 
more than most people's houses. 

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They had servants whose job was 
essentially professional food, 

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cutting standing by to slice 
things into manageable pieces, 

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but even the richest person in 
medieval Europe looked like a 

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toddler at dinner time compared 
to how we eat now. 

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The mess was truly overwhelming.
Dining halls in Castle's needed 

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to be cleaned after every meal 
like someone had hosted a food 

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fight convention. dogs wandered,
freely under tables, which 

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sounds Charming Until you 
realize they were basically 

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living vacuum cleaners cleaning 
up the constant shower of 

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dropped food Table manners, 
included instructions on how to 

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throw bones over your shoulder 
properly because apparently 

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there was a right way and a 
wrong way to discard chicken 

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remains. 
This was the world desperately 

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waiting for the fork, even 
though nobody knew they were 

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waiting for it. 
Like being thirsty in a desert 

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and not knowing water exists. 
Medieval diners struggled 

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through meal after meal, never 
imagining there might be a 

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better way. 
They adapted, they managed and 

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they developed impressive 
hand-eye coordination, but they 

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never quite conquered the simple
Act of eating gracefully. 

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Little did they know far away in
the Byzantine Empire a 

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Revolution was quietly Brewing. 
This revolution did not involve 

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armies or politics. 
Instead it was something far 

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more dangerous to the 
established order. 

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The utensil that would make 
everyone realized just how 

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barbaric dinner habits had 
become now, let's travel back to

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1,000 and 480 to a world where 
Constantinople glittered like a 

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jewel and the Byzantine Empire 
was the height of 

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sophistication. 
This is where our story takes a 

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fascinating turn because the 
fork didn't just appear out of 

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nowhere. 
It arrived with all the drama of

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a soap, opera complete with a 
scandalous, princess and enough 

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cultural shocked to power a 
small City. 

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Meet the often whose cleaner a 
Byzantine princess who was about

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to become the most controversial
dinner, guests in European 

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history. 
She Was preparing to marry 

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dominicano Salvo the Doge of 
Venice in what was essentially, 

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a medieval power couple merger. 
But hidden in her trousseau 

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among the silks and jewels, that
would make a modern bride Week 

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With Envy was something far more
revolutionary than any crown or 

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necklace. 
She had Forks, actual honest to 

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goodness two pronged. 
Golden 4X. 

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You have to understand that this
situation is not comparable to 

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packing an extra phone charger 
for a trip. 

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In presenting culture using 
small elegant Forks, was, as 

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normal as using Chopsticks in 
China or saying here in Canada. 

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They'd been doing it for 
Generations. 

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Having picked up the Habit from 
various cultural exchanges with 

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the Middle East where similarly 
utensils had been around even 

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longer. 
To the offer new Forks were just

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civilized. 
It's akin to putting on shoes or

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refraining from eating with your
feet. 

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But when she arrived in Venice 
and delicately lifted food to 

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her mouth using these, 
mysterious pronged implements, 

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the reaction was immediate and 
intense. 

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Picture, the silence that falls 
over a room when someone commits

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a major social blunder, except 
this silence had the weight of 

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religious horror behind it. 
The Venetian Nobles watched in 

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Fascination and growing alarm as
this foreign princess never. 

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Once touched her food with her 
hands, Speared pieces of meat 

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with surgical Precision 12, 
Pastor. 

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Like she was conducting a tiny 
Orchestra and somehow managed to

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eat an entire meal without 
getting a single drop of sauce 

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on her. 
Elaborate sleeves. 

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It was like watching magic 
although this magic was also 

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deeply unsettling the local 
clergy had what can only be 

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described as a collective 
nervous breakdown. 

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Here was this woman using what 
looks suspiciously like, tiny 

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pitchforks. 
The very symbol of the Devil 

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Himself to eat food that got a 
clearly intended to be touched 

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by human hands. 
Father Giovanni, the local 

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Bishop, who probably never seen 
anything more controversial than

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someone taking an extra 
communion wafer. 

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Declared that these diabolic 
instruments were in a front to 

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Divine will But here's where it 
gets intriguing. 

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Some people were secretly 
impressed. 

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He could see it in their eyes 
the way they watched the 

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afternoon, eat with the kind of 
Fascination. 

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Usually reserved for watching a 
master Craftsman at work. 

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She never dropped food, never 
got her hands dirty and never 

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had to excuse herself to wash up
between courses. 

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While everyone else remained in 
grossed in the chaotic present, 

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she was living in the future. 
The Italian Nobles encountered, 

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a dilemma on one hand. 
Their religious leaders were 

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basically calling Forks. 
The devil's, Cutlery on the 

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other hand watching someone eat 
with such Grace and efficiency 

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was like, seeing a glimpse of 
what human civilization could 

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become. 
It was the Medieval equivalent 

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of watching. 
Someone use a Smartphone when 

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you're still trying to figure 
out how to work a rotary 

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telephone. 
The new for her, she seemed 

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genuinely puzzled by the fuss. 
In her letters back to 

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Constantinople. 
Yes, she wrote about this 

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because apparently Fork drama 
was worth documenting. 

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She described the Venetian 
dining customs with the kind of 

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diplomatic attacked. 
That barely concealed her horror

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She wrote about grown men 
wrestling with meat, like they 

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were in hand to hand combat 
about a labret hand washing 

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ceremonies that took longer than
the actual eating and about the 

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constant rain of food particles 
that made every meal feel like 

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dining in a gentle, hail storm. 
The cultural Clash was so 

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intense that when he offered, 
who died, just two years later 

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possibly from plague, the local 
religious authorities declared 

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it Divine punishment for her 
unnatural eating habits, the 

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forks were quietly packed away 
treated like, cursed objects 

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that had brought doomed to their
user. 

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You can't uninvent an idea, 
especially one as useful as the 

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fork. 
Those few Venetian Nobles who 

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had watched the often who eat, 
didn't forget what, they'd seen,

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they tucked that memory away 
like a secret recipe or a hidden

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treasure map. 
Waiting for the right moment to 

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bring it back to light. 
The seed was planted. 

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In the very heart of medieval 
Europe, a handful of people now 

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knew there was a better way to 
eat, they'd seen the future of 

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dining and it had two prongs and
the power to change everything, 

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for the next, several centuries.
After they offer news brief, 

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dramatic introduction of forks 
to Europe, something fascinating

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happened. 
Absolutely nothing. 

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Well, not nothing exactly. 
But the kind of stubborn foot 

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dragging resistance, to change, 
that would make a teenager 

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refusing to clean their rooms 
look like enthusiastic 

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cooperation, the four could show
up demonstrated, its obvious 

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superiority and then Europe, 
collectively decided to pretend 

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it had never happened. 
There was like that friend, who 

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shows you an amazing new 
restaurant. 

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But instead of trying it, you 
keep going back to the same fast

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food place, because changes 
scare me. 

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And the fries are predictably 
mediocre. 

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This event wasn't just about 
eating utensils though, that's 

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what made it. 
So perfect for human nature to 

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dig in its heels. 
The fork symbolized, a more 

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profound threat. 
The notion that the traditional 

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methods may not always be 
optimal, and if people started 

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questioning how they ate, who 
knew what else? 

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They might start questioning. 
Church. 

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Meanwhile, had developed a full 
theological position on Forks, 

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that would have been hilarious 
if it weren't so influential. 

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According to various religious 
authorities. 

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God had given humans hands 
specifically for eating using 

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artificial extensions, like 
Forks was therefore questioning 

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Divine wisdom. 
It was the Medieval equivalent 

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of mansplaining. 
Except instead of explaining why

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you don't need help parallel 
parking, they were explaining 

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why you don't need help eating 
soup. 

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Some particularly creative 
clergy argued that the suffering

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involved in eating with your 
hands. 

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The burns from hot food, the 
mess, the general difficulty was

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spiritually, beneficial 
character building, they called 

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it apparently. 
Graceful dining was a path to 

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moral corruption because nothing
says slippery slope to 

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damnation. 
Quite like not getting grease. 

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Under your fingernails during 
dinner. 

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But the real resistance came 
from something much more human 

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social embarrassment. 
A few people who did try to use 

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forks, discovered something 
modern early adopters know. 

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Well, being the first person to 
use new technology, makes you 

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look, either pretentious or 
ridiculous and sometimes both 

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simultaneously. 
Picture yourself at a medieval 

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Feast carefully using a fork 
while everyone around. 

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You is diving in hands. 
First your eating elegantly 

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efficiently and cleanly and 
every single person at the table

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is staring at you, like you've 
sprouted a second head. 

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Someone inevitably makes a joke 
about your fancy heirs. 

233
00:11:48,000 --> 00:11:50,600
And suddenly, you're the person 
who thinks they're too 

234
00:11:50,600 --> 00:11:53,700
acceptable for normal eating, 
nobody wants to be that person. 

235
00:11:54,600 --> 00:11:58,600
Social pressure was enormous. 
Medieval Society operated on 

236
00:11:58,600 --> 00:12:01,500
Conformity, akin to the 
intensity of a high school 

237
00:12:01,508 --> 00:12:04,300
cafeteria, but with greater 
stakes and longer-lasting 

238
00:12:04,300 --> 00:12:08,700
consequences, stand out too much
and you weren't just unpopular, 

239
00:12:08,700 --> 00:12:12,200
you are suspicious. 
Those who are suspicious often 

240
00:12:12,200 --> 00:12:15,000
faced uncomfortable questions 
from authorities, who were not 

241
00:12:15,008 --> 00:12:17,900
known for their humor. 
Therefore, the fork retreated, 

242
00:12:17,900 --> 00:12:21,300
both literally and figuratively.
A few wealthy, merchants might 

243
00:12:21,300 --> 00:12:24,200
have the tucked away for 
private, use some Italian 

244
00:12:24,200 --> 00:12:27,800
Nobles, kept them as Curiosities
conversation pieces to show 

245
00:12:27,800 --> 00:12:30,100
sophisticated dinner, guests 
from foreign lands. 

246
00:12:30,100 --> 00:12:33,500
However, how do they actually 
function in daily life? 

247
00:12:34,400 --> 00:12:37,300
The forks impact on regular 
dining could be compared to that

248
00:12:37,300 --> 00:12:40,000
of a unicorn. 
Meanwhile, the Practical 

249
00:12:40,000 --> 00:12:43,500
problems of eating with hands 
continue to be well problematic.

250
00:12:44,500 --> 00:12:47,900
Medieval medicine such as it was
recommended, all sorts of 

251
00:12:47,900 --> 00:12:49,700
elaborate. 
Hand-washing rituals to prevent 

252
00:12:49,700 --> 00:12:53,200
disease, not understanding that 
maybe the solution wasn't more 

253
00:12:53,200 --> 00:12:55,700
washing, but less hand to food 
contact in the first place. 

254
00:12:55,700 --> 00:12:59,000
They were treating the symptom 
while ignoring the obvious cure 

255
00:12:59,000 --> 00:13:00,900
sitting right there in their 
jewelry boxes. 

256
00:13:00,900 --> 00:13:05,400
The irony was magnificent. 
This civilization was capable of

257
00:13:05,400 --> 00:13:08,600
constructing Notre Dame, 
formulating intricate 

258
00:13:08,600 --> 00:13:11,900
philosophical theories and 
producing art that continues to 

259
00:13:11,900 --> 00:13:16,100
astonish even after centuries. 
But suggests that they might 

260
00:13:16,100 --> 00:13:19,300
want to try stabbing their food 
with a small metal Implement, 

261
00:13:19,300 --> 00:13:21,500
instead of grabbing it with 
their fingers. 

262
00:13:21,500 --> 00:13:28,000
Absolutely, not too radical. 
Two strange, two foreign. 

263
00:13:28,900 --> 00:13:31,700
This resistance would have been 
mildly amusing except for one 

264
00:13:31,700 --> 00:13:36,200
thing, it lasted for centuries. 
Generations of Europeans were 

265
00:13:36,200 --> 00:13:40,700
born lived their entire lives 
eating with their hands and died

266
00:13:40,700 --> 00:13:42,500
without ever. 
Seriously, considering that 

267
00:13:42,500 --> 00:13:46,800
there might be a better way. 
The fork waited patiently in the

268
00:13:46,808 --> 00:13:50,100
wings like an understudy who 
knows they could steal the show 

269
00:13:50,100 --> 00:13:51,900
if only someone would give them 
a chance. 

270
00:13:52,800 --> 00:13:55,300
Change as it always does was 
coming. 

271
00:13:56,300 --> 00:13:59,500
Slowly quietly. 
And from the most unexpected 

272
00:13:59,500 --> 00:14:02,800
directions, the fort was about 
to Stage, its come back. 

273
00:14:03,700 --> 00:14:07,500
And this time, it wouldn't be 
alone by the early 1600. 

274
00:14:07,500 --> 00:14:10,700
Something intriguing was 
happening in France and for once

275
00:14:10,700 --> 00:14:14,200
it wasn't a revolution involving
heads and baskets, Upon 

276
00:14:14,200 --> 00:14:16,400
returning from a diplomatic 
mission to Italy. 

277
00:14:16,400 --> 00:14:19,900
King Henry, the third found his 
mind completely captivated by 

278
00:14:19,900 --> 00:14:22,400
the sights. 
He'd seen, he was not impressed 

279
00:14:22,400 --> 00:14:25,200
by the art architecture, or even
the wine. 

280
00:14:25,200 --> 00:14:28,800
Even though they were all 
impressive, know what had 

281
00:14:28,800 --> 00:14:30,500
captured, the French King's 
attention was watching. 

282
00:14:30,500 --> 00:14:34,100
Italian Aristocrats eat like 
civilized human beings. 

283
00:14:34,100 --> 00:14:36,700
You have to understand. 
This was Henry, the third were 

284
00:14:36,700 --> 00:14:39,600
talking about the king who was 
famous for his love of fashion, 

285
00:14:39,600 --> 00:14:43,300
his elaborate Court ceremonies 
and his General appreciation for

286
00:14:43,300 --> 00:14:45,100
anything that made life, more 
refined. 

287
00:14:45,100 --> 00:14:48,300
And elegant he was essentially 
the medieval equivalent of 

288
00:14:48,300 --> 00:14:51,400
someone who subscribed to every 
lifestyle magazine and actually 

289
00:14:51,400 --> 00:14:54,000
read them. 
So when he saw Italian Nobles 

290
00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:57,300
using forks, with the kind of 
graceful Precision that made 

291
00:14:57,300 --> 00:15:00,400
eating look like ballet, he 
experienced what can only be 

292
00:15:00,400 --> 00:15:02,100
described as a cultural 
epiphany. 

293
00:15:03,000 --> 00:15:05,200
But here's where French 
politics, got deliciously, 

294
00:15:05,200 --> 00:15:07,900
complicated Henry. 
The third could not simply 

295
00:15:07,900 --> 00:15:11,300
returned to France and Proclaim.
Greetings, everyone, I have 

296
00:15:11,308 --> 00:15:13,700
discovered remarkable eating 
utensils. 

297
00:15:13,700 --> 00:15:17,500
This was a king who had to worry
about his image, his authority, 

298
00:15:17,500 --> 00:15:20,600
and the delicate balance of 
keeping, both the nobility and 

299
00:15:20,600 --> 00:15:25,000
the church satisfied. 
Introducing Forks wasn't just 

300
00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:26,500
about improving dining 
etiquette. 

301
00:15:26,500 --> 00:15:30,000
It was about cultural revolution
discussed as Cutlery. 

302
00:15:30,800 --> 00:15:34,700
Therefore Henry, like any astute
politician began modestly and 

303
00:15:34,700 --> 00:15:36,400
presented it as his own 
creation. 

304
00:15:37,100 --> 00:15:40,400
He began hosting intimate dinner
parties, where almost casually. 

305
00:15:40,400 --> 00:15:43,300
These elegant little pronged, 
implements would appear beside 

306
00:15:43,300 --> 00:15:45,500
each place. 
Setting, he didn't make a big 

307
00:15:45,500 --> 00:15:47,400
announcement or is she Royal 
decrees. 

308
00:15:47,400 --> 00:15:52,000
He just used them with the kind 
of nonchalant confidence that 

309
00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:54,400
made everyone else feel like 
maybe they'd be missing 

310
00:15:54,400 --> 00:15:57,400
something important. 
The reaction was immediate and 

311
00:15:57,400 --> 00:16:01,100
predictably French half, the 
court, was scandalized, the 

312
00:16:01,100 --> 00:16:04,300
other half was intrigued and 
everyone was talking about it. 

313
00:16:05,200 --> 00:16:08,200
Knowing French culture. 
This was precisely the intended 

314
00:16:08,200 --> 00:16:11,800
message, nothing spreads faster 
in France than a new way to 

315
00:16:11,800 --> 00:16:15,000
demonstrate sophistication. 
Especially if it involves making

316
00:16:15,000 --> 00:16:17,600
other people feel slightly 
uncivilized by comparison. 

317
00:16:17,600 --> 00:16:21,000
But the Real Genius of Henry's 
approach was how he framed it. 

318
00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:24,500
This process wasn't about 
foreign influence or abandoning 

319
00:16:24,500 --> 00:16:27,400
French Traditions know. 
This was about French 

320
00:16:27,400 --> 00:16:31,900
superiority about being more 
refined or civilized more 

321
00:16:31,900 --> 00:16:34,100
elegantly French than anyone 
else in Europe. 

322
00:16:34,900 --> 00:16:37,800
The fourth became a symbol of 
French cultural advancement. 

323
00:16:37,800 --> 00:16:41,000
A way to demonstrate that France
was leading the world in 

324
00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:43,600
sophistication and Superior 
taste. 

325
00:16:44,500 --> 00:16:47,800
The French nobility never wants 
to be outdone in matters of 

326
00:16:47,800 --> 00:16:50,400
style embraced forks with the 
kind of enthusiasm. 

327
00:16:50,400 --> 00:16:54,700
Usually reserved for new fashion
trends, Suddenly everyone needed

328
00:16:54,700 --> 00:16:58,100
to have the most beautiful 
Forks, the most elegant Fork 

329
00:16:58,100 --> 00:17:00,700
techniques, and the most refined
for Kate. 

330
00:17:01,700 --> 00:17:03,600
In a characteristically, French 
manner. 

331
00:17:03,600 --> 00:17:07,400
The pursuit of Civility turned 
into a fierce competition with 

332
00:17:07,400 --> 00:17:10,900
Cutlery serving as a scorecard. 
This is where the topic becomes 

333
00:17:10,900 --> 00:17:14,599
particularly intriguing as the 
French not only adopted Forks, 

334
00:17:14,599 --> 00:17:18,400
but also enhance their design 
Talium Forks were functional 

335
00:17:18,400 --> 00:17:20,900
yet. 
Basic typically featuring only 

336
00:17:20,900 --> 00:17:23,599
two prongs and prioritizing 
utility over Aesthetics. 

337
00:17:24,800 --> 00:17:27,099
French artists and examined. 
The simple implements and 

338
00:17:27,099 --> 00:17:29,300
concluded. 
We can do better. 

339
00:17:30,300 --> 00:17:33,800
Italian Forks were functional 
but basic typically featuring 

340
00:17:33,800 --> 00:17:36,800
only two prongs and designed 
primarily for utility rather 

341
00:17:36,800 --> 00:17:39,900
than Aesthetics. 
French Craftsmen looked at these

342
00:17:39,900 --> 00:17:43,300
simple tools and thought may 
know, we can do better. 

343
00:17:43,300 --> 00:17:47,400
The added prongs refined the 
curves, decorated the handles 

344
00:17:47,400 --> 00:17:49,900
and turned eating utensils. 
Into works of art. 

345
00:17:50,800 --> 00:17:54,100
French forketta kit became 
incredibly elaborate with rules 

346
00:17:54,100 --> 00:17:56,700
that made medieval handy eating 
ceremonies look simple by 

347
00:17:56,700 --> 00:17:59,600
comparison. 
There were specific ways to hold

348
00:17:59,600 --> 00:18:03,600
your fork particular angles for 
approaching different foods in 

349
00:18:03,600 --> 00:18:05,600
protocols, for fork placement. 
That could communicate 

350
00:18:05,600 --> 00:18:08,300
everything from your mood, to 
your intentions for the evening.

351
00:18:08,300 --> 00:18:11,800
It was like learning a new 
language, except the alphabet 

352
00:18:11,800 --> 00:18:16,700
was made of tiny metal tines. 
The church in France chose a 

353
00:18:16,700 --> 00:18:19,500
much more diplomatic approach 
than their medieval predecessors

354
00:18:19,500 --> 00:18:21,700
skillfully, reading the 
political winds. 

355
00:18:21,700 --> 00:18:25,100
Like experienced Sailors, 
instead of declaring Forks, 

356
00:18:25,100 --> 00:18:28,400
demonic French clergy positioned
themselves, as Arbiters of 

357
00:18:28,408 --> 00:18:31,900
proper Christian Fork usage. 
They developed guidelines for 

358
00:18:31,900 --> 00:18:34,600
Spiritual four? 
Etiquette in that, even this 

359
00:18:34,600 --> 00:18:37,300
newfangled eating method could 
be performed in a man of 

360
00:18:37,300 --> 00:18:40,400
pleasing to God. 
This was a prime example of 

361
00:18:40,400 --> 00:18:44,300
theological adaptation within a 
generation eating with your 

362
00:18:44,300 --> 00:18:46,700
hands at a French Court 
function, became the kind of 

363
00:18:46,700 --> 00:18:49,900
social suicide that would make 
medieval peasants look 

364
00:18:49,900 --> 00:18:54,300
sophisticated by comparison. 
The fork had not only arrived in

365
00:18:54,300 --> 00:18:57,800
France it had been completely 
absorbed into French identity 

366
00:18:57,800 --> 00:19:01,400
transformed from a foreign 
curiosity into an essential 

367
00:19:01,400 --> 00:19:05,300
element of French superiority 
and from France with all the 

368
00:19:05,300 --> 00:19:07,800
inevitable force of French 
cultural influence. 

369
00:19:07,800 --> 00:19:10,700
The fork began its real conquest
of Europe. 

370
00:19:11,400 --> 00:19:14,100
Other courts looked at French 
refinement with envy and 

371
00:19:14,100 --> 00:19:16,500
recognition. 
Their Cuisine was the future of 

372
00:19:16,500 --> 00:19:19,100
dining and they were either 
going to join it or be left 

373
00:19:19,108 --> 00:19:21,500
behind looking barbaric by 
comparison. 

374
00:19:21,500 --> 00:19:25,100
The revolution had begun one 
elegant bite at a time. 

375
00:19:25,108 --> 00:19:27,400
What happened? 
Next was like watching the 

376
00:19:27,400 --> 00:19:30,400
medieval equivalent of something
going viral on social media 

377
00:19:30,400 --> 00:19:34,400
accepting of cat videos. 
It was eating utensils and 

378
00:19:34,400 --> 00:19:38,100
instead of overnight Fame, took 
about 50 years to spread across 

379
00:19:38,100 --> 00:19:42,400
Europe, But for the 1600s, the 
time was lightning speed for a 

380
00:19:42,400 --> 00:19:45,100
cultural revolution. 
The pattern was always the same 

381
00:19:45,100 --> 00:19:48,900
and frankly, it was beautiful to
observe a French diplomat would 

382
00:19:48,900 --> 00:19:52,400
arrive at some European Court 
set up for a formal dinner and 

383
00:19:52,400 --> 00:19:54,200
then proceeded to eat with a 
level of Grace and 

384
00:19:54,200 --> 00:19:56,800
sophistication that made 
everyone else look like they 

385
00:19:56,800 --> 00:19:58,800
were having their first meal 
with a posable thumbs. 

386
00:19:59,900 --> 00:20:03,500
The local nobility would watch 
in Fascination as this visitor, 

387
00:20:03,500 --> 00:20:06,400
somehow managed to consume an 
entire Feast with that. 

388
00:20:06,400 --> 00:20:10,000
Once touching food with their 
hands dropping anything or 

389
00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:11,600
getting Source on their 
elaborate clothing. 

390
00:20:12,600 --> 00:20:14,400
You can imagine the 
conversations after these 

391
00:20:14,400 --> 00:20:16,400
dinners. 
Picture groups of German 

392
00:20:16,400 --> 00:20:19,300
Prince's or English Lords 
huddled together, Whispering 

393
00:20:19,300 --> 00:20:21,500
like teenagers who just 
discovered something their 

394
00:20:21,500 --> 00:20:22,800
parents didn't want them to know
about. 

395
00:20:24,200 --> 00:20:27,500
See how he ate that roast, those
little pronged things. 

396
00:20:27,500 --> 00:20:29,200
Where do you suppose? 
He got them? 

397
00:20:29,200 --> 00:20:32,600
My cousin, visited, Paris last 
year and said everyone there 

398
00:20:32,600 --> 00:20:35,800
eats like that. 
Now, the Tipping Point came, 

399
00:20:35,800 --> 00:20:39,000
when European nobility realized 
they had a choice, learn to use 

400
00:20:39,000 --> 00:20:42,100
forks or look like country 
bumpkins, every time they hosted

401
00:20:42,100 --> 00:20:45,300
foreign dignitaries and if 
there's one thing Aristocrats 

402
00:20:45,300 --> 00:20:48,400
throughout history of hated more
than paying taxes, it's looking 

403
00:20:48,400 --> 00:20:50,300
unsophisticated in front of 
their peers. 

404
00:20:50,300 --> 00:20:54,800
England, predictably held out 
the longest, the English had 

405
00:20:54,800 --> 00:20:57,700
perfected, the art of Being 
stubbornly traditional while 

406
00:20:57,700 --> 00:21:00,000
simultaneously claiming to be 
more civilized than everyone 

407
00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:01,700
else. 
And they weren't about to 

408
00:21:01,700 --> 00:21:04,200
abandon this comfortable 
contradiction for some French 

409
00:21:04,200 --> 00:21:07,400
eating fashioned British Nobles,
continue eating with their 

410
00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:09,200
hands. 
While making pointed comments, 

411
00:21:09,200 --> 00:21:12,800
about continental affectations 
and foreign nonsense But even 

412
00:21:12,800 --> 00:21:15,500
the English could not resist 
forever especially after a 

413
00:21:15,500 --> 00:21:17,600
particularly embarrassing 
diplomatic dinner with the 

414
00:21:17,600 --> 00:21:21,500
visiting French Ambassador at in
an entire meal without spilling 

415
00:21:21,500 --> 00:21:24,400
a drop while the English host 
looked like they were engaged in

416
00:21:24,400 --> 00:21:27,200
hand-to-hand combat with their 
food with the story. 

417
00:21:27,200 --> 00:21:30,200
Spread through London Society 
with a kind of devastating 

418
00:21:30,200 --> 00:21:33,900
efficiency that only truly 
mortifying gossip can achieve. 

419
00:21:33,900 --> 00:21:37,400
What's fascinating is how each 
country adapted the fork to 

420
00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:40,900
their own cultural identity? 
The Germans naturally made them 

421
00:21:40,900 --> 00:21:44,500
incredibly sturdy and functional
German Forks could probably 

422
00:21:44,500 --> 00:21:47,700
double as small weapons in an 
emergency and their Fork 

423
00:21:47,700 --> 00:21:49,900
etiquette emphasized deficiency 
and precision. 

424
00:21:50,700 --> 00:21:53,300
The Germans emphasized 
efficiency and precision over 

425
00:21:53,300 --> 00:21:56,600
nonsense and Frills ensuring 
their Forks were functional and 

426
00:21:56,600 --> 00:22:00,300
effective the Spanish developed.
Elaborate silver Forks, that 

427
00:22:00,308 --> 00:22:03,800
were practically jewelry turning
meals into opportunities to 

428
00:22:03,800 --> 00:22:05,700
display wealth and artistic 
taste. 

429
00:22:06,300 --> 00:22:09,100
Spanish Fork, etiquette became 
intertwined with concepts of 

430
00:22:09,100 --> 00:22:12,500
honor and family. 
Pride insult, someone's Fork 

431
00:22:12,500 --> 00:22:15,400
technique, and you might find 
yourself facing a duel at dawn. 

432
00:22:16,300 --> 00:22:19,100
The Italians who had been 
quietly using Forks all along, 

433
00:22:19,100 --> 00:22:21,400
while the rest of Europe had 
their Collective cultural 

434
00:22:21,400 --> 00:22:23,800
breakdown. 
Suddenly found themselves in the

435
00:22:23,800 --> 00:22:26,200
amusing position of being Trend,
Setters by accident. 

436
00:22:27,300 --> 00:22:30,200
Italian Fork makers became the 
most sought after Craftsman in 

437
00:22:30,200 --> 00:22:32,900
Europe exporting, their 
knowledge to courts that were 

438
00:22:32,908 --> 00:22:35,500
desperately trying to catch up 
to what Italians had been doing 

439
00:22:35,500 --> 00:22:38,500
for centuries, but here's where 
the story gets intriguing. 

440
00:22:38,500 --> 00:22:42,600
The fork didn't just change how 
people hate it started, changing

441
00:22:42,600 --> 00:22:44,100
how they thought about 
everything else. 

442
00:22:45,200 --> 00:22:47,500
Spirits in the Civilized 
pleasure of eating without 

443
00:22:47,500 --> 00:22:50,200
getting your hands. 
Dirty leads you to notice other 

444
00:22:50,200 --> 00:22:52,600
areas where there might be 
better ways to do things, 

445
00:22:52,600 --> 00:22:55,400
European courts that adopted 
Forks. 

446
00:22:55,400 --> 00:22:58,100
Also began developing more 
sophisticated approaches to 

447
00:22:58,100 --> 00:23:01,700
hygiene, fashion, architecture, 
and social interaction. 

448
00:23:02,900 --> 00:23:06,300
The fork served as a catalyst 
for civilization encouraging 

449
00:23:06,300 --> 00:23:08,900
individuals to consider the 
possibility that the traditional

450
00:23:08,900 --> 00:23:11,900
methods of doing things, might 
not be the only ones. 

451
00:23:12,700 --> 00:23:14,200
The Ripple effects were 
widespread. 

452
00:23:15,100 --> 00:23:18,800
Dinner parties became more 
elaborate and refined with hosts

453
00:23:18,800 --> 00:23:21,300
competing to demonstrate their 
Mastery of four etiquette. 

454
00:23:21,300 --> 00:23:24,700
Cookbook, writers began 
developing recipes, specifically

455
00:23:24,700 --> 00:23:28,300
designed for 4K heating leading 
to more complex and delicate 

456
00:23:28,300 --> 00:23:30,600
Cuisine. 
Table Linens became more 

457
00:23:30,608 --> 00:23:33,400
important because nobody wanted 
to ruin beautiful fabric with 

458
00:23:33,400 --> 00:23:35,500
food stains that proper for cues
could prevent. 

459
00:23:36,400 --> 00:23:39,200
Even the common people who 
couldn't afford fancy silver 

460
00:23:39,200 --> 00:23:42,400
Forks, began making crude 
versions from wood or cheap 

461
00:23:42,400 --> 00:23:45,700
metal. 
The desire to eat like civilized

462
00:23:45,700 --> 00:23:48,900
humans once awakened proved 
impossible to suppress. 

463
00:23:49,900 --> 00:23:51,600
Street vendors started selling 
simple. 

464
00:23:51,600 --> 00:23:55,400
Wooden Forks alongside their 
food recognizing that customers 

465
00:23:55,400 --> 00:23:58,000
would pay extra for the 
privilege of eating without 

466
00:23:58,000 --> 00:24:02,600
getting their hands messy. 
By the late, 1600s, the 

467
00:24:02,600 --> 00:24:04,300
transformation was nearly 
complete. 

468
00:24:05,200 --> 00:24:08,100
What had started as one 
Byzantine princesses dining 

469
00:24:08,100 --> 00:24:10,700
preference had become the 
standard of European 

470
00:24:10,700 --> 00:24:13,700
civilization. 
The fork had won. 

471
00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:16,900
Not through force or 
legislation, but through the 

472
00:24:16,900 --> 00:24:20,700
simple irresistible appeal of a 
better way to live, but the real

473
00:24:20,700 --> 00:24:24,400
Revolution was just beginning. 
The fort quietly began reshaping

474
00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:27,200
the entire Foundation of how 
humans organize their lives 

475
00:24:27,200 --> 00:24:29,200
together. 
And what happened next wasn't 

476
00:24:29,200 --> 00:24:31,700
just about better table, manners
or cleaner hands. 

477
00:24:32,300 --> 00:24:36,100
Think about it this way. 
Thousands of years meals had 

478
00:24:36,100 --> 00:24:37,900
been communal. 
Free-for-alls, where everyone 

479
00:24:37,900 --> 00:24:41,500
reached into shared dishes tour 
food with their hands and 

480
00:24:41,500 --> 00:24:43,700
basically turned dinnertime into
a contact sport. 

481
00:24:44,500 --> 00:24:48,000
Privacy at meals. 
Possible personal space. 

482
00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:51,800
What's that? 
Individual portions completely 

483
00:24:51,800 --> 00:24:55,500
foreign concept, everyone ate 
from the same dishes, shared the

484
00:24:55,500 --> 00:24:58,400
same serving utensils and 
basically spent every meal in 

485
00:24:58,400 --> 00:25:00,800
Intimate, physical contact with 
their fellow diners. 

486
00:25:01,700 --> 00:25:04,300
But once you provide people, 
individual Forks, something 

487
00:25:04,300 --> 00:25:07,800
magical happens suddenly, 
everyone can have their portion 

488
00:25:07,800 --> 00:25:10,900
served on their own plate eaten 
with their utensils. 

489
00:25:10,900 --> 00:25:14,300
For the first time in human 
history meals became personal 

490
00:25:14,300 --> 00:25:17,700
private experience is that 
happened to her in the same room

491
00:25:17,700 --> 00:25:20,200
as other people. 
This might seem like a small 

492
00:25:20,200 --> 00:25:22,700
change but it was actually 
revolutionary. 

493
00:25:22,700 --> 00:25:26,600
The individual Fork led to 
individual plates, which led to 

494
00:25:26,600 --> 00:25:30,000
individual place setting, which 
led to the entire concept of 

495
00:25:30,000 --> 00:25:31,500
personal space at the dinner 
table. 

496
00:25:32,300 --> 00:25:34,900
People grew accustomed to 
personal space during meals. 

497
00:25:34,900 --> 00:25:37,200
They began to Crave it in other 
areas as well. 

498
00:25:38,400 --> 00:25:41,400
European architecture began 
changing and fascinating ways. 

499
00:25:41,400 --> 00:25:44,700
Dining rooms became more 
spacious with room for 

500
00:25:44,700 --> 00:25:47,500
individual chairs around tables 
designed for personal place 

501
00:25:47,500 --> 00:25:50,800
settings rather than communal 
benches around shared platters. 

502
00:25:51,700 --> 00:25:54,700
Houses began including separate 
dining areas distinct from 

503
00:25:54,700 --> 00:25:57,800
kitchens because Fork based 
dining was elegant enough to 

504
00:25:57,800 --> 00:26:01,400
deserve its own special space. 
The social implications were 

505
00:26:01,400 --> 00:26:05,000
enormous in the old days of 
communal eating meals were 

506
00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:08,100
inherently Democratic, everyone 
reached for the same food. 

507
00:26:08,100 --> 00:26:11,700
Everyone got messy together and 
social hierarchies temporarily 

508
00:26:11,700 --> 00:26:14,100
dissolved in the shared. 
Struggle to consume dinner with 

509
00:26:14,100 --> 00:26:15,700
her without starving or 
embarrassing yourself. 

510
00:26:16,800 --> 00:26:20,800
But individual place setting was
changed all that suddenly you 

511
00:26:20,800 --> 00:26:23,800
could demonstrate social status 
through your Cutlery, your 

512
00:26:23,800 --> 00:26:27,000
individual plate, and your 
personal napkin, the wealthy 

513
00:26:27,000 --> 00:26:29,900
could eat differently from the 
poor, not just in terms of what 

514
00:26:29,900 --> 00:26:32,300
they ate but also how they ate 
it. 

515
00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:36,500
Fork etiquette became a class 
marker a way to instantly 

516
00:26:36,500 --> 00:26:40,400
identify who belonged in polite 
society, and who did not This 

517
00:26:40,400 --> 00:26:44,000
led to something unprecedented. 
The rise of formal dining 

518
00:26:44,000 --> 00:26:47,600
education. 
For the first time in history, 

519
00:26:47,600 --> 00:26:50,300
people needed to be taught how 
to eat properly. 

520
00:26:51,100 --> 00:26:54,200
Etiquette books, appeared 
detailing, the correct way to 

521
00:26:54,200 --> 00:26:57,500
hold a fork, a proper angle for 
approaching different foods and 

522
00:26:57,500 --> 00:27:00,400
the appropriate Fork switching 
techniques for various courses. 

523
00:27:01,400 --> 00:27:04,300
Eating became a skill that 
required instruction, practice 

524
00:27:04,300 --> 00:27:07,300
and social polish. 
The economic Ripple effects were

525
00:27:07,300 --> 00:27:11,300
staggering entire industry 
sprang up around Fork based 

526
00:27:11,300 --> 00:27:13,900
dining. 
Silversmith guilds became 

527
00:27:13,900 --> 00:27:17,900
incredibly powerful specializing
increasingly, elaborate Cutlery 

528
00:27:17,900 --> 00:27:21,600
table, linen, manufacturing 
exploded, because proper Fork 

529
00:27:21,600 --> 00:27:24,600
dining required. 
Proper table, setting China and 

530
00:27:24,600 --> 00:27:27,400
pottery makers developed new 
designs specifically for 

531
00:27:27,400 --> 00:27:30,400
individual playset settings 
rather than communal serving 

532
00:27:30,400 --> 00:27:32,400
dishes. 
But here's the really 

533
00:27:32,400 --> 00:27:36,100
fascinating part, the fork 
helped create modern concepts of

534
00:27:36,100 --> 00:27:39,600
privacy individuality and 
personal hygiene that we now 

535
00:27:39,600 --> 00:27:43,200
take completely for granted Once
people became accustomed to 

536
00:27:43,200 --> 00:27:46,000
eating without touching their 
food, they started expecting 

537
00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:48,600
that same level of cleanliness, 
in other areas of life. 

538
00:27:49,400 --> 00:27:53,000
Bathing became more frequent and
more private personal clothing 

539
00:27:53,000 --> 00:27:55,800
became more important since you 
were constantly getting food 

540
00:27:55,800 --> 00:27:59,000
stains on everything. 
People began developing stronger

541
00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:02,500
concepts of personal property, 
personal space, and personal 

542
00:28:02,500 --> 00:28:06,500
responsibility. 
The fork in its quiet way, 

543
00:28:06,500 --> 00:28:09,600
helped create the foundation for
modern individualism. 

544
00:28:10,400 --> 00:28:12,700
Medical knowledge Advanced 2 
though. 

545
00:28:12,700 --> 00:28:15,900
Not always accurately doctors 
began promoting theories about 

546
00:28:15,900 --> 00:28:18,400
the health benefits of forking 
claiming it. 

547
00:28:18,400 --> 00:28:21,300
Prevented various diseases and 
promoted better digestion. 

548
00:28:21,300 --> 00:28:24,900
They weren't entirely wrong 
reducing Hunter food contact. 

549
00:28:24,900 --> 00:28:27,800
So certainly helped with 
hygiene, but they also credited 

550
00:28:27,800 --> 00:28:31,100
forks with curing everything 
from Melancholy to gout, which 

551
00:28:31,100 --> 00:28:35,000
was probably optimistic, the 
Protestant work ethic which was 

552
00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:38,500
developing around the same time 
embraced Fork dining as evidence

553
00:28:38,500 --> 00:28:42,200
of human Improvement and moral 
advancement Being able to eat 

554
00:28:42,200 --> 00:28:44,900
cleanly and efficiently, became 
associated with virtue 

555
00:28:44,900 --> 00:28:47,500
self-control and Spiritual 
Development. 

556
00:28:47,500 --> 00:28:51,400
People literally saw proper Fork
technique as a sign of being 

557
00:28:51,400 --> 00:28:54,200
closer to God. 
Trade routes shifted to 

558
00:28:54,200 --> 00:28:56,700
accommodate the demand for 
Quality Cutlery, and the 

559
00:28:56,700 --> 00:28:59,500
materials needed to make it 
mining operations. 

560
00:28:59,500 --> 00:29:02,700
Expanded to provide silver and 
other metals for Fort production

561
00:29:02,700 --> 00:29:06,600
International Commerce patterns 
changed as quartz competed to 

562
00:29:06,600 --> 00:29:08,500
import. 
The finest Cutlery from the most

563
00:29:08,500 --> 00:29:13,000
skilled Craftsmen This influence
extended to Warfare will be at 

564
00:29:13,000 --> 00:29:16,300
indirectly officers who could 
demonstrate proper four? 

565
00:29:16,300 --> 00:29:19,300
Etiquette were considered more 
suitable for diplomatic missions

566
00:29:19,300 --> 00:29:23,000
and interaction with foreign 
nobility military protocol began

567
00:29:23,000 --> 00:29:26,300
including dining etiquette as 
part of Officer training because

568
00:29:26,300 --> 00:29:29,000
how you ate determined, whether 
you could effectively represent 

569
00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:33,500
your country at formal functions
by 1700 the fork, had quietly, 

570
00:29:33,500 --> 00:29:36,600
revolutionized European 
civilization, in ways that went 

571
00:29:36,600 --> 00:29:39,900
far beyond the dinner table, 
What had started as a simple 

572
00:29:39,900 --> 00:29:43,200
solution to Messi eating had 
become the foundation for modern

573
00:29:43,200 --> 00:29:46,900
concepts of individual dignity, 
personal refinement, and 

574
00:29:46,900 --> 00:29:50,800
civilized society. 
And the best part will didn't 

575
00:29:50,800 --> 00:29:53,600
even realize it was happening. 
As we settle into the final 

576
00:29:53,600 --> 00:29:57,100
chapter of our Fork story. 
Your probably wondering how a 

577
00:29:57,100 --> 00:30:00,400
simple eating utensil managed to
completely transform human 

578
00:30:00,400 --> 00:30:04,100
civilization without anyone 
really noticing well. 

579
00:30:04,100 --> 00:30:07,100
Grab your favorite blanket and 
get comfortable, because the 

580
00:30:07,100 --> 00:30:09,800
ending of this tale is both 
satisfying and surprisingly 

581
00:30:09,800 --> 00:30:14,900
relevant to your Modern Life. 
By the early 1700s the fork had 

582
00:30:14,900 --> 00:30:17,800
achieved something remarkable it
had become so completely 

583
00:30:17,800 --> 00:30:21,500
integrated into European society
that people couldn't imagine 

584
00:30:21,500 --> 00:30:25,100
life without it. 
Children, grew up learning Fork 

585
00:30:25,100 --> 00:30:28,200
techniques alongside their 
alphabet and proper Fork 

586
00:30:28,200 --> 00:30:31,100
etiquette was as essential to 
education as reading and 

587
00:30:31,100 --> 00:30:34,000
writing. 
The transformation was so 

588
00:30:34,000 --> 00:30:35,900
complete. 
That Europeans began looking 

589
00:30:35,900 --> 00:30:38,600
back at their hand. 
Eating ancestors, with the same 

590
00:30:38,600 --> 00:30:41,400
mixture of horror and 
Fascination that we might 

591
00:30:41,400 --> 00:30:44,000
reserve for watching people eat 
soup with their feet. 

592
00:30:45,300 --> 00:30:48,100
But the real Triumph wasn't just
European adoption. 

593
00:30:48,100 --> 00:30:50,800
It was what happened. 
When Europeans began spreading 

594
00:30:50,800 --> 00:30:53,600
their influence around the 
world, wherever European 

595
00:30:53,600 --> 00:30:56,400
Merchants diplomats missionaries
and colonists went. 

596
00:30:56,400 --> 00:30:59,200
They brought their forks with 
them and everywhere. 

597
00:30:59,200 --> 00:31:01,900
They went local, population's 
were faced with the same Choice.

598
00:31:01,900 --> 00:31:05,400
Their ancestors had confronted 
centuries earlier adapt to this 

599
00:31:05,400 --> 00:31:08,600
new way of eating or risk, being
considered and civilized. 

600
00:31:09,500 --> 00:31:12,100
The fork became a symbol of 
European sophistication. 

601
00:31:12,100 --> 00:31:15,100
And by extension European 
superiority. 

602
00:31:16,800 --> 00:31:19,300
Such an event had some 
unfortunate implications for 

603
00:31:19,300 --> 00:31:23,000
Global cultural exchange, but it
also demonstrated the forks 

604
00:31:23,000 --> 00:31:25,800
incredible power to reshape how 
people thought about 

605
00:31:25,800 --> 00:31:29,400
civilization itself. 
Using a fork, wasn't just about 

606
00:31:29,400 --> 00:31:31,900
eating anymore. 
It was about joining the modern 

607
00:31:31,900 --> 00:31:35,000
world. 
American colonists naturally 

608
00:31:35,000 --> 00:31:37,700
took to forks with the 
enthusiasm of people who were 

609
00:31:37,700 --> 00:31:40,000
already rebelling against 
traditional ways of doing 

610
00:31:40,000 --> 00:31:42,200
things. 
By the time of the American 

611
00:31:42,200 --> 00:31:44,500
Revolution. 
Proper Fork usage was so 

612
00:31:44,500 --> 00:31:47,700
embedded in colonial culture 
that British observers commented

613
00:31:47,700 --> 00:31:49,800
on American dining refinement 
with surprise. 

614
00:31:50,600 --> 00:31:53,100
The fork had helped Americans 
develop their own distinct 

615
00:31:53,100 --> 00:31:56,600
cultural identity separate from 
both their European Origins and 

616
00:31:56,600 --> 00:32:00,500
their Frontier circumstances. 
What's truly remarkable is how 

617
00:32:00,500 --> 00:32:04,000
the fort continued evolving? 
Even after its basic acceptance.

618
00:32:04,000 --> 00:32:07,800
The Industrial Revolution 
brought mass production, making 

619
00:32:07,800 --> 00:32:10,600
decent Forks available to 
Ordinary People for the first 

620
00:32:10,600 --> 00:32:14,200
time in history. suddenly proper
dining wasn't just for the 

621
00:32:14,208 --> 00:32:18,000
wealthy, anyone could afford the
basic tools of civilized, eating

622
00:32:19,000 --> 00:32:21,800
Different cultures adapted, the 
fork and fascinating ways 

623
00:32:21,800 --> 00:32:24,800
Americans developed the 
distinctive habit of cutting 

624
00:32:24,800 --> 00:32:27,600
food with the knife. 
In the right hand and fork in 

625
00:32:27,600 --> 00:32:30,300
the left, then switching the 
fork to the right hand for 

626
00:32:30,300 --> 00:32:32,700
eating. 
A practice that still makes 

627
00:32:32,700 --> 00:32:36,800
European slightly crazy. 
Russians created elaborate Fork,

628
00:32:36,800 --> 00:32:40,500
based dining rituals that 
incorporated vodka service Asian

629
00:32:40,500 --> 00:32:44,400
cultures that adopted Western 
dining Customs developed hybrid,

630
00:32:44,400 --> 00:32:47,000
approaches that combined 
traditional eating techniques 

631
00:32:47,000 --> 00:32:50,000
with European Fork etiquette. 
But here's where the story gets 

632
00:32:50,000 --> 00:32:54,500
really interesting for you 
sitting here in 2025 Forks 

633
00:32:54,500 --> 00:32:58,700
Journey from radical Innovation 
to Universal acceptance, follows

634
00:32:58,700 --> 00:33:02,600
almost exactly the same pattern 
as every major technological 

635
00:33:02,600 --> 00:33:04,700
adoption you've witnessed in 
your life time. 

636
00:33:04,700 --> 00:33:08,100
Think about it. 
Fork faced religious opposition.

637
00:33:08,100 --> 00:33:11,400
Like genetic engineering 
cultural resistance like 

638
00:33:11,400 --> 00:33:15,100
electric cars, generational, 
divides like smartphones and 

639
00:33:15,100 --> 00:33:18,000
social class implications like 
organic food. 

640
00:33:18,700 --> 00:33:21,700
Earlier doctors were considered 
pretentious show-offs, like 

641
00:33:21,700 --> 00:33:24,700
people with the first cell 
phones while later doctors 

642
00:33:24,700 --> 00:33:28,000
eventually felt embarrassed 
about clinging to old ways, like

643
00:33:28,000 --> 00:33:31,200
people who still use paper maps 
the forks, succeeded for the 

644
00:33:31,200 --> 00:33:34,000
same reasons that successful 
Innovations, always succeed. 

645
00:33:34,700 --> 00:33:37,700
Solved a real problem. 
It was demonstrably better than 

646
00:33:37,700 --> 00:33:40,900
existing Solutions and it made 
users feel more sophisticated 

647
00:33:40,900 --> 00:33:45,500
and capable sound familiar. 
It should it's the blueprint for

648
00:33:45,500 --> 00:33:48,400
every successful technology 
adoption from automobiles to 

649
00:33:48,400 --> 00:33:51,200
artificial intelligence, what's 
even more fascinating? 

650
00:33:51,200 --> 00:33:54,200
Is how the fort created 
unexpected consequences that 

651
00:33:54,200 --> 00:33:57,400
nobody anticipated? 
Just like how the internet was 

652
00:33:57,400 --> 00:33:59,600
supposed to be about information
sharing, but ended up, 

653
00:33:59,600 --> 00:34:02,400
revolutionizing Commerce, 
entertainment and social 

654
00:34:02,400 --> 00:34:04,700
interaction. 
The fort was supposed to be 

655
00:34:04,700 --> 00:34:08,000
about cleaner eating, but ended 
up creating modern concepts of 

656
00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:11,100
privacy, individuality and 
personal dignity. 

657
00:34:12,300 --> 00:34:15,400
Today, as you use your fork 
without thinking about it, your 

658
00:34:15,400 --> 00:34:17,900
participating in a tradition 
that represents one of 

659
00:34:17,900 --> 00:34:21,100
Humanity's greatest 
achievements, the ability to 

660
00:34:21,100 --> 00:34:24,000
recognize, a better way of doing
things and actually changed to 

661
00:34:24,007 --> 00:34:26,699
adopt it. 
That's rare of and you might 

662
00:34:26,708 --> 00:34:30,699
think most Innovations fail not 
because they don't work but 

663
00:34:30,699 --> 00:34:33,500
because people resist change 
even when it would clearly 

664
00:34:33,500 --> 00:34:36,600
improve their lives. 
The fork serves as a reminder 

665
00:34:36,600 --> 00:34:39,199
that Civilization encompasses 
more than just major 

666
00:34:39,199 --> 00:34:42,000
breakthroughs such as the 
discovery of fire or the 

667
00:34:42,007 --> 00:34:45,400
invention of the wheel. 
Sometimes most important 

668
00:34:45,400 --> 00:34:48,000
progress comes from small 
seemingly insignificant 

669
00:34:48,000 --> 00:34:51,000
improvements that gradually 
reshape how we think about 

670
00:34:51,000 --> 00:34:53,300
ourselves and our relationship 
to the world around us. 

671
00:34:54,100 --> 00:34:56,800
So the next time you pick up a 
fork, take a moment to 

672
00:34:56,800 --> 00:34:58,300
appreciate the Incredible 
Journey. 

673
00:34:58,300 --> 00:35:01,400
At represents you're holding a 
tool that helped create the 

674
00:35:01,400 --> 00:35:05,400
modern world that transformed 
human society and that continues

675
00:35:05,400 --> 00:35:08,400
to demonstrate our species. 
Remarkable ability to improve 

676
00:35:08,400 --> 00:35:11,300
adapt and become more than we 
were before. 

677
00:35:12,200 --> 00:35:15,800
When you reflect on it, this is 
precisely the kind of gentle 

678
00:35:15,800 --> 00:35:17,300
Revolution. 
That deserves celebration. 

679
00:35:25,000 --> 00:35:27,900
During the summer of 1962 when 
Kennedy was the president. 

680
00:35:27,900 --> 00:35:30,200
And the Beatles was still 
unknown young men in Liverpool, 

681
00:35:30,200 --> 00:35:34,200
three men, each nursing dreams 
as vast as the Pacific that 

682
00:35:34,200 --> 00:35:37,300
surrounded, their concrete cage,
sat in the heart of America's 

683
00:35:37,300 --> 00:35:42,300
most notorious prison Alcatraz 
Federal Penitentiary The Rock to

684
00:35:42,300 --> 00:35:45,100
those who knew her intimately 
perched, like a medieval 

685
00:35:45,100 --> 00:35:48,600
fortress on her Island. 
Throne, 22 Acres of hubris 

686
00:35:48,600 --> 00:35:50,300
wrapped in fog and federal 
Authority. 

687
00:35:51,400 --> 00:35:56,100
Frank Morris, inmate as 1441 
possessed, the kind of mind, 

688
00:35:56,100 --> 00:35:59,500
that could unravel a Rubik's 
cube blindfolded, if such 

689
00:35:59,500 --> 00:36:04,800
puzzles had existed. 
Then his IQ of 133, made him the

690
00:36:04,800 --> 00:36:08,400
prisons unofficial genius, 
though, his criminal resume 

691
00:36:08,400 --> 00:36:10,600
suggested, he'd been applying 
his considerable. 

692
00:36:10,600 --> 00:36:13,800
Intellect to all the wrong 
equations, Frank had collected 

693
00:36:13,800 --> 00:36:17,600
felony such as bank robbery, car
theft and armed robbery, similar

694
00:36:17,600 --> 00:36:20,000
to how other men collect 
baseball cards, and he did. 

695
00:36:20,000 --> 00:36:23,700
So with about as much long-term 
planning, In the cell next to 

696
00:36:23,700 --> 00:36:25,400
Frank's Metropolitan 
headquarters set. 

697
00:36:25,400 --> 00:36:30,600
John Anglin as 1476 a man who 
Southern drawl could charm honey

698
00:36:30,600 --> 00:36:33,800
from a hive, but whose Sticky 
Fingers had landed him in more 

699
00:36:33,800 --> 00:36:35,300
trouble than a cat in a yarn 
Factory. 

700
00:36:36,300 --> 00:36:38,600
John and his brother Clarence 
had been robbing banks. 

701
00:36:38,600 --> 00:36:41,200
Since they were old enough to 
reach the telur Windows though 

702
00:36:41,200 --> 00:36:43,500
their methods lack, the 
sophisticated planning that 

703
00:36:43,500 --> 00:36:46,500
Frank brought to his Endeavors. 
They were the kind of criminals 

704
00:36:46,500 --> 00:36:48,600
who robbed a bank and then 
stopped for ice cream on the way

705
00:36:48,600 --> 00:36:50,400
home. 
Not realizing that mint 

706
00:36:50,400 --> 00:36:52,500
chocolate chip doesn't provide 
much of an alibi. 

707
00:36:53,900 --> 00:36:58,300
Clarence Anglin as 1485 
completed, this Unholy Trio of 

708
00:36:58,300 --> 00:37:00,700
criminals. 
If John was the charmer and 

709
00:37:00,708 --> 00:37:04,500
Frank was the brain, Clarence 
was the Steady Hand, the man who

710
00:37:04,500 --> 00:37:06,800
could keep his cool when the 
heat was on and the law was 

711
00:37:06,800 --> 00:37:09,700
closing in. 
Together, the three had 

712
00:37:09,700 --> 00:37:13,000
accumulated enough time Behind 
Bars to span several geological.

713
00:37:13,000 --> 00:37:16,000
Epochs their sentences 
stretching into a future where 

714
00:37:16,000 --> 00:37:18,800
flying cars and moon colonies, 
seemed more plausible than 

715
00:37:18,800 --> 00:37:21,400
parole. 
The rocket earned her reputation

716
00:37:21,400 --> 00:37:23,500
through careful cultivation of 
despair. 

717
00:37:24,400 --> 00:37:26,700
Alcatraz surrounded by Waters so
cold. 

718
00:37:26,700 --> 00:37:29,000
They could freeze a man sold 
before his body hit. 

719
00:37:29,000 --> 00:37:32,000
The bay was designed by men who 
understood that. 

720
00:37:32,000 --> 00:37:34,400
Sometimes the most effective 
prison bars are made of 

721
00:37:34,400 --> 00:37:38,300
saltwater and hypothermia. 
Swift and forgiving currents 

722
00:37:38,300 --> 00:37:40,300
around the island. 
Carried the dreams of wood would

723
00:37:40,300 --> 00:37:42,100
be escapes towards the Golden 
Gate Bridge. 

724
00:37:42,100 --> 00:37:45,300
And towards the sea Warden 
Blackwell, ran the prison with 

725
00:37:45,300 --> 00:37:46,800
the Precision of a Swiss time. 
Peace. 

726
00:37:46,800 --> 00:37:48,900
And the warmth of a January 
morning inside barrier. 

727
00:37:48,900 --> 00:37:52,200
He didn't herited Alcatraz from 
his predecessor, like a family 

728
00:37:52,200 --> 00:37:54,200
curse. 
This description includes the 

729
00:37:54,200 --> 00:37:57,500
mythology of impregnat and lists
of America's most creative 

730
00:37:57,500 --> 00:38:02,700
criminals Under his watch 23, 
men had attempted Escape in 14, 

731
00:38:02,700 --> 00:38:08,700
separate trees, all had been 
recaptured shot or drowned, a 

732
00:38:08,700 --> 00:38:11,300
track record that would make any
Warden proud and any inmate 

733
00:38:11,300 --> 00:38:13,800
thoughtful. 
The daily routine at Alcatraz 

734
00:38:13,800 --> 00:38:15,900
followed a rhythm as predictable
as a metronome. 

735
00:38:16,700 --> 00:38:19,900
Like, at 6:30 to the sound of a 
bell that had been imported from

736
00:38:19,900 --> 00:38:24,200
a defunct Monastery to add a 
touch of ironic spirituality to 

737
00:38:24,200 --> 00:38:26,800
the proceedings. 
The kitchen staff prepared, 

738
00:38:26,800 --> 00:38:30,800
breakfast leaving no room for 
weapons tools or hope the meals 

739
00:38:30,800 --> 00:38:33,000
were nutritionally adequate and 
gastronomically. 

740
00:38:33,000 --> 00:38:36,200
Devastating a combination that 
seemed designed to break the 

741
00:38:36,200 --> 00:38:38,600
spirit while preserving the body
for future punishment. 

742
00:38:39,400 --> 00:38:42,400
Work assignments, varied from 
the mundane to the mind-numbing.

743
00:38:43,200 --> 00:38:45,900
some inmates worked in the 
prison laundry where they could 

744
00:38:45,900 --> 00:38:48,100
contemplate the cleanliness, 
they were providing to the 

745
00:38:48,100 --> 00:38:50,900
outside world while wearing 
uniforms that made them look 

746
00:38:50,900 --> 00:38:54,500
like extras in a particularly 
Grim musical others worked in 

747
00:38:54,500 --> 00:38:57,200
the kitchen, where they learned 
to create meals, that would make

748
00:38:57,200 --> 00:39:01,000
a medieval peasant grateful for 
gruel The most fortunate were 

749
00:39:01,000 --> 00:39:03,500
employed in the prison Library 
where they could immersed 

750
00:39:03,500 --> 00:39:06,300
himself and tales of locations, 
where the walls remained, free 

751
00:39:06,300 --> 00:39:08,400
of condensation. 
And the seed did not talk them 

752
00:39:08,400 --> 00:39:11,400
with its close proximity. 
That it was in the industrial 

753
00:39:11,400 --> 00:39:14,400
Workshop that are three 
protagonists found themselves a 

754
00:39:14,400 --> 00:39:16,800
signed surrounded. 
By tools, that were counted more

755
00:39:16,800 --> 00:39:18,900
carefully than votes in a 
contested election. 

756
00:39:20,000 --> 00:39:22,700
Amid the center of machine oil 
and the rhythm of industrial 

757
00:39:22,700 --> 00:39:25,000
equipment. 
Frank Morris began to notice 

758
00:39:25,000 --> 00:39:28,900
details Frank Morris observed, 
the gradual settling of the 

759
00:39:28,900 --> 00:39:30,500
concrete walls, over the 
decades. 

760
00:39:31,400 --> 00:39:34,600
Patterns of condensation, 
suggested different densities in

761
00:39:34,600 --> 00:39:37,300
the construction. 
Materials, The sound traveled 

762
00:39:37,300 --> 00:39:39,700
through the ventilation system 
like whispered secrets. 

763
00:39:40,600 --> 00:39:43,100
Every evening as the sun 
painted, the bay and shades of 

764
00:39:43,108 --> 00:39:46,000
Freedom, the three men would 
return to their cells. 

765
00:39:46,000 --> 00:39:49,700
Six feet by nine feet of 
government-issued Solitude. 

766
00:39:50,600 --> 00:39:53,500
But while their bodies were 
confined, their minds began to 

767
00:39:53,500 --> 00:39:56,600
wander down path that would have
made Houdini himself nod with 

768
00:39:56,600 --> 00:39:59,300
approval. 
They started to see Alcatraz, 

769
00:39:59,300 --> 00:40:03,000
not as an impregnable Fortress, 
but as a very, elaborate puzzle 

770
00:40:03,000 --> 00:40:07,300
waiting to be sold, As the 
darkness in their cells grew and

771
00:40:07,300 --> 00:40:09,600
the fog rolled in from the 
Pacific like a protective 

772
00:40:09,600 --> 00:40:11,900
blanket. 
Three men began to dream of a 

773
00:40:11,908 --> 00:40:15,200
morning when they would awaken 
in a different place Ventura 

774
00:40:15,200 --> 00:40:18,800
arrived at Alcatraz like an 
unwelcome relative settling in 

775
00:40:18,800 --> 00:40:21,000
for a long stay. 
And making everyone miserable 

776
00:40:21,000 --> 00:40:24,900
with his presence. 
The fog grew thicker, the winds 

777
00:40:24,900 --> 00:40:28,100
intensified, and the concrete 
walls appear to radiate despair.

778
00:40:28,100 --> 00:40:31,500
It was during these gray months,
that Frank Morris began to study

779
00:40:31,500 --> 00:40:34,000
the prison with the dedication 
of a doctoral candidate whose 

780
00:40:34,000 --> 00:40:37,400
thesis was titled, creative 
applications of Structural 

781
00:40:37,400 --> 00:40:40,800
Engineering. 
The beauty of Frank's mind, lay 

782
00:40:40,800 --> 00:40:43,100
not in its criminal applications
though, those had been 

783
00:40:43,108 --> 00:40:46,200
impressive in their own 
misguided way but in its ability

784
00:40:46,200 --> 00:40:48,700
to see patterns where others saw
only chaos. 

785
00:40:49,300 --> 00:40:52,000
While his fellow inmates, 
counted days until release dates

786
00:40:52,000 --> 00:40:55,500
that existed only in their most 
optimistic, fantasies Frank, 

787
00:40:55,500 --> 00:40:59,200
counted rivets, measured shadows
and calculated the thermal 

788
00:40:59,200 --> 00:41:02,600
expansion of Aging concrete. 
The Revelation came to him 

789
00:41:02,600 --> 00:41:05,100
during a, particularly tedious 
afternoon in the workshop. 

790
00:41:05,100 --> 00:41:08,100
While he was assigned to repair 
a ventilation great that had 

791
00:41:08,100 --> 00:41:11,100
been damaged by the previous 
winter storms, as he worked, 

792
00:41:11,100 --> 00:41:14,300
Frank noticed that the concrete 
around the vent developed small 

793
00:41:14,300 --> 00:41:18,200
cracks hairline, fractures that 
spoke of a building settling 

794
00:41:18,200 --> 00:41:21,000
into middle age. 
The Salt Air had been working at

795
00:41:21,000 --> 00:41:24,500
slow chemistry on the structure 
for decades and even the mighty 

796
00:41:24,500 --> 00:41:27,400
Alcatraz was not immune to the 
patient Persistence of time. 

797
00:41:28,500 --> 00:41:31,400
that evening, as the lights 
dimmed and the prison settled in

798
00:41:31,400 --> 00:41:34,700
to its nightly routine of 
enforced, contemplation, Frank, 

799
00:41:34,700 --> 00:41:38,800
shared his office of the Anglin 
Brothers, their cell Block, B 

800
00:41:38,800 --> 00:41:42,100
Block had been constructed in 
the 1910s, when concrete was 

801
00:41:42,100 --> 00:41:45,300
more an art than a science and 
building codes were suggestions,

802
00:41:45,300 --> 00:41:48,500
rather than Commandments the 
walls, that held them with thick

803
00:41:48,500 --> 00:41:51,300
enough to contain their bodies, 
but Frank suspected, not 

804
00:41:51,300 --> 00:41:54,700
necessarily their Ingenuity, 
John Anglin, despite his 

805
00:41:54,700 --> 00:41:57,900
reputation for impulsive 
decision-making, possessed, a 

806
00:41:57,900 --> 00:42:01,300
Craftsman's, understanding of 
tools, and materials, Years of 

807
00:42:01,308 --> 00:42:03,900
breaking into places had taught 
him to read the language of 

808
00:42:03,900 --> 00:42:06,500
locks hinges and structural weak
points. 

809
00:42:07,200 --> 00:42:09,600
When Frank described the 
condition of the concrete around

810
00:42:09,600 --> 00:42:13,000
the ventilation systems, John's 
eyes lit up with the kind of 

811
00:42:13,008 --> 00:42:15,400
enthusiasm. 
Usually reserved for surprise 

812
00:42:15,400 --> 00:42:19,100
inheritances or unexpected 
pardons Clarence. 

813
00:42:19,100 --> 00:42:22,400
Brought a different skill set to
their growing conspiracy, his 

814
00:42:22,400 --> 00:42:25,000
years of incarceration, had 
taught him The rhythms of prison

815
00:42:25,000 --> 00:42:27,500
life. 
When guards change shifts, which

816
00:42:27,500 --> 00:42:30,100
routes the security, patrols, 
followed, and how to move 

817
00:42:30,100 --> 00:42:32,700
through the institutional 
routine without attracting 

818
00:42:32,700 --> 00:42:35,700
attention. 
If Frank acted as the architect 

819
00:42:35,700 --> 00:42:38,600
and John as the engineer 
Clarence took on the role of the

820
00:42:38,600 --> 00:42:40,700
choreographer. 
In their Evermore, intricate 

821
00:42:40,700 --> 00:42:43,900
Dance With Disaster. 
The plan began to take shape 

822
00:42:43,900 --> 00:42:46,500
during their evening. 
Conversation's whispered through

823
00:42:46,500 --> 00:42:49,000
the ventilation system that 
connected their cells Like A 

824
00:42:49,000 --> 00:42:52,700
Primitive telephone Network. 
They would begin by widening. 

825
00:42:52,700 --> 00:42:55,900
The ventilation greats in their 
individual cells, not enough to 

826
00:42:55,900 --> 00:42:58,800
escape immediately. 
But enough to create passage to 

827
00:42:58,800 --> 00:43:01,000
the utility Corridor that ran 
behind the cell block. 

828
00:43:01,900 --> 00:43:05,200
From there, they could access 
the roof and theoretically find 

829
00:43:05,200 --> 00:43:08,600
a way to reach the water. 
The word theoretically held 

830
00:43:08,600 --> 00:43:10,400
significant weight in their 
discussions. 

831
00:43:10,400 --> 00:43:14,200
The distance from Alcatraz to 
Angel Island was about two miles

832
00:43:14,200 --> 00:43:16,900
of water, that had claimed more 
experienced swimmers than any of

833
00:43:16,908 --> 00:43:18,800
them. 
The currents were unpredictable,

834
00:43:18,800 --> 00:43:22,700
the water temperature, rarely 
Rose above 55 degrees and the 

835
00:43:22,700 --> 00:43:25,100
Coast Guard maintained regular 
patrols specifically to 

836
00:43:25,100 --> 00:43:26,900
discourage the kind of Maritime 
Adventure. 

837
00:43:26,900 --> 00:43:30,200
They were contemplating But 
Frank had been studying the 

838
00:43:30,200 --> 00:43:32,600
tides and currents with the 
dedication of a marine 

839
00:43:32,600 --> 00:43:35,200
biologist. 
He'd noticed that during certain

840
00:43:35,200 --> 00:43:38,600
tidal conditions debris from the
prison would wash up on Angel. 

841
00:43:39,800 --> 00:43:41,200
They set out to reach the 
island. 

842
00:43:41,200 --> 00:43:43,400
Determine not to let the sea 
sweep them away. 

843
00:43:44,200 --> 00:43:47,200
If they could time their escape 
properly, the same currents that

844
00:43:47,208 --> 00:43:49,000
are doomed. 
Previous attempts might actually

845
00:43:49,000 --> 00:43:51,500
carry them to safety. 
Frank had been modifying and 

846
00:43:51,500 --> 00:43:53,800
hiding tools in the prison 
Workshop that could be used to 

847
00:43:53,800 --> 00:43:57,200
chip away at the concrete, Frank
meticulously sharpened and 

848
00:43:57,208 --> 00:44:00,500
hardened, the spoon handle Frank
had broken off a piece of the 

849
00:44:00,500 --> 00:44:02,800
saw blade and concealed it in 
the soul of his shoe. 

850
00:44:03,500 --> 00:44:06,600
Small tools that would do small 
work over a long time, the kind 

851
00:44:06,600 --> 00:44:08,900
of patient progress that builds 
pyramids and topples 

852
00:44:08,900 --> 00:44:11,000
governments. 
But tools alone wouldn't be 

853
00:44:11,000 --> 00:44:12,900
enough. 
They would need to conceal their

854
00:44:12,900 --> 00:44:16,000
work from the daily sell 
inspections which meant creating

855
00:44:16,000 --> 00:44:17,800
dummy walls. 
That would hide the growing 

856
00:44:17,800 --> 00:44:20,600
holes while appearing completely
normal to Casual observation. 

857
00:44:21,600 --> 00:44:23,900
This required materials, that 
weren't exactly available 

858
00:44:23,900 --> 00:44:27,000
through the prison commissary 
paint, that matched the cell 

859
00:44:27,000 --> 00:44:29,900
walls cardboard, that could be 
shaped, and colored to look like

860
00:44:29,900 --> 00:44:32,700
concrete and some way to hold it
all in place. 

861
00:44:33,600 --> 00:44:36,900
John anglin's, artistic talents,
previously, applied only to 

862
00:44:36,900 --> 00:44:38,700
forging signatures and 
identification. 

863
00:44:38,700 --> 00:44:41,400
Documents would be put to more 
constructive use. 

864
00:44:41,400 --> 00:44:44,600
He began experimenting with 
soap, paint chips, and hair 

865
00:44:44,600 --> 00:44:47,400
clippings to create a mixture. 
That could be molded into shapes

866
00:44:47,400 --> 00:44:48,800
and painted to match the cell 
walls. 

867
00:44:48,800 --> 00:44:52,200
The results wouldn't fool a 
detailed inspection but they 

868
00:44:52,200 --> 00:44:53,900
might survive. 
The cursory glances that were 

869
00:44:53,908 --> 00:44:57,900
part of the daily routine. 
Clarence had been mapping 

870
00:44:57,900 --> 00:45:00,200
regards schedules with the 
Precision of a railroad 

871
00:45:00,200 --> 00:45:02,900
timetable. 
He, which guards were thorough, 

872
00:45:02,900 --> 00:45:05,900
which were lazy and which were 
easily distracted by 

873
00:45:05,900 --> 00:45:09,700
conversation about sports or 
whether more importantly, he'd 

874
00:45:09,700 --> 00:45:12,900
identified the 15-minute window 
each evening when the cell block

875
00:45:12,900 --> 00:45:15,300
was essentially unguarded while 
the guards changed shifts and 

876
00:45:15,300 --> 00:45:18,300
counted heads. 
As winter deepened into spring, 

877
00:45:18,300 --> 00:45:21,500
their plan evolved from wishful 
thinking to genuine possibility,

878
00:45:21,500 --> 00:45:25,200
they would work at night when 
the prison settling sounds would

879
00:45:25,200 --> 00:45:28,200
cover the scraping. 
They would take turns keeping 

880
00:45:28,200 --> 00:45:31,000
watch communicating through 
their improvised, telephone 

881
00:45:31,000 --> 00:45:34,400
system, and carefully disposing 
of the concrete dust and debris.

882
00:45:35,500 --> 00:45:38,500
The timeline was ambitious. 
They hoped to complete their 

883
00:45:38,500 --> 00:45:41,600
excavation by early summer and 
the water temperatures would be 

884
00:45:41,600 --> 00:45:44,400
at their warmest and the weather
most favorable for their aquatic

885
00:45:44,400 --> 00:45:46,900
Adventure. 
But even as they refine their 

886
00:45:46,900 --> 00:45:49,600
plans and gather their 
materials, each man on 

887
00:45:49,600 --> 00:45:51,700
understood that they were 
essentially planning and 

888
00:45:51,700 --> 00:45:55,000
elaborate form of suicide with a
slim chance of success. 

889
00:45:55,900 --> 00:45:59,400
Yet somehow the impossibility of
their ski made it more appealing

890
00:45:59,400 --> 00:46:03,400
rather than less after years of 
being told what to do when to 

891
00:46:03,400 --> 00:46:05,900
wake up and what to eat 
planning, anything felt like a 

892
00:46:05,900 --> 00:46:08,900
rebellion against the cosmic 
forces that had deposited them 

893
00:46:08,900 --> 00:46:12,300
on this rock in the middle of 
the Bay Spring of 1962 brought 

894
00:46:12,300 --> 00:46:14,800
New Hope to Alcatraz in the form
of fresh paint and 

895
00:46:14,800 --> 00:46:17,900
administrative optimism. 
The Bureau of Prisons had 

896
00:46:17,900 --> 00:46:20,300
decided that a little color 
might improve morale. 

897
00:46:20,300 --> 00:46:23,600
Apparently operating under the 
theory that sage green Walls 

898
00:46:23,600 --> 00:46:26,000
would somehow make Federal 
incarceration more palatable 

899
00:46:26,900 --> 00:46:29,600
While painters applied their 
cheerful coats of institutional 

900
00:46:29,600 --> 00:46:32,700
Improvement three inmates had 
begun their renovation project 

901
00:46:32,700 --> 00:46:35,300
working with tools that wouldn't
have impressed the most 

902
00:46:35,300 --> 00:46:37,300
desperate Home Improvement in 
enthusiast. 

903
00:46:38,200 --> 00:46:41,800
Frank Morris had perfected the 
art of productive insomnia each 

904
00:46:41,800 --> 00:46:46,500
night after the 9:30 lights out.
He would wait exactly 43 minutes

905
00:46:46,500 --> 00:46:49,200
for the sound of the prison to 
settle in to their nocturnal 

906
00:46:49,200 --> 00:46:51,700
Rhythm. 
Then with the dedication of a 

907
00:46:51,700 --> 00:46:54,800
medieval monk, Illuminating 
manuscripts, he would begin his 

908
00:46:54,800 --> 00:46:56,700
careful destruction of federal 
property. 

909
00:46:57,600 --> 00:47:00,300
The concrete around his cells 
ventilation, great had revealed 

910
00:47:00,300 --> 00:47:03,500
itself to be surprisingly 
Cooperative crumbling away in 

911
00:47:03,500 --> 00:47:06,600
small satisfying chunks on the 
persistent attention of his 

912
00:47:06,600 --> 00:47:09,800
modified spoonhouse. 
The work required, a level of 

913
00:47:09,808 --> 00:47:12,100
patience, that would have 
challenged a Buddhist monk. 

914
00:47:12,100 --> 00:47:15,500
Each scrape of the improvised 
chisel, had to be gentled enough

915
00:47:15,500 --> 00:47:17,800
to avoid detection, but 
persistent enough to make 

916
00:47:17,800 --> 00:47:20,700
progress, too aggressive. 
And the sound would carry 

917
00:47:20,700 --> 00:47:22,300
through the cell block like a 
dinner bell. 

918
00:47:22,800 --> 00:47:25,100
If you was too tentative, he 
would still be chipping away 

919
00:47:25,100 --> 00:47:28,800
when the next ice age arrived. 
Frank developed, a rhythm, three

920
00:47:28,800 --> 00:47:32,300
gentle scrapes, paused to 
listen, three more scrapes pause

921
00:47:32,300 --> 00:47:36,000
to dispose of debris. 
It was meditation through 

922
00:47:36,000 --> 00:47:40,500
demolition xen approached to 
jailbreaking John Anglin had 

923
00:47:40,500 --> 00:47:43,800
discovered an unexpected talent 
for forgery that extended Beyond

924
00:47:43,800 --> 00:47:45,700
signatures and identification 
cards. 

925
00:47:45,700 --> 00:47:49,600
His dummy ventilation great 
crafted from cardboard and 

926
00:47:49,600 --> 00:47:52,700
painted with a mixture that 
included soap, shavings paint 

927
00:47:52,700 --> 00:47:54,800
chips. 
And what he optimistically 

928
00:47:54,800 --> 00:47:57,500
called? 
Artistic license was becoming a 

929
00:47:57,500 --> 00:47:59,300
masterpiece of deceptive 
craftsmanship. 

930
00:48:00,100 --> 00:48:02,800
The challenge wasn't just making
it look like concrete and metal.

931
00:48:02,800 --> 00:48:06,100
It had to look like old concrete
and metal complete with the 

932
00:48:06,100 --> 00:48:10,100
stains scratches and accumulated
Grime of Decades of neglect. 

933
00:48:10,100 --> 00:48:14,600
The paint mixture had required 
considerable experimentation too

934
00:48:14,600 --> 00:48:16,500
much soap. 
And it looked like what it was 

935
00:48:16,500 --> 00:48:20,600
soap too little and it wouldn't 
hold together long enough to be 

936
00:48:20,600 --> 00:48:23,300
useful. 
John had finally achieved the 

937
00:48:23,300 --> 00:48:25,400
right consistency by adding hair
clippings. 

938
00:48:25,400 --> 00:48:28,800
His own collected from monthly 
haircuts and Tiny fragments of 

939
00:48:28,808 --> 00:48:30,600
concrete dust from Frank's 
excavation. 

940
00:48:31,500 --> 00:48:34,800
The result was a substance that 
could be molded painted and 

941
00:48:34,800 --> 00:48:37,400
positioned to full. 
Anyone who wasn't looking too 

942
00:48:37,400 --> 00:48:39,800
carefully. 
Clarence Anglin had appointed 

943
00:48:39,800 --> 00:48:42,700
himself, the Expeditions 
intelligence officer maintaining

944
00:48:42,700 --> 00:48:44,700
surveillance schedules. 
That would have impressed the 

945
00:48:44,700 --> 00:48:47,500
CIA. 
He'd identified guard Paterson 

946
00:48:47,500 --> 00:48:51,000
as their most dangerous threat. 
A man who approached sell 

947
00:48:51,000 --> 00:48:53,200
inspections with the 
thoroughness of a tax auditor 

948
00:48:53,200 --> 00:48:54,900
and the suspicion of a jealous 
husband. 

949
00:48:56,300 --> 00:49:00,400
Some counted rivets checked 
shadows and once discovered a 

950
00:49:00,400 --> 00:49:02,500
Contraband cigarette hidden, 
inside a hollowed out bar of 

951
00:49:02,500 --> 00:49:04,600
soap. 
If they're deception was going 

952
00:49:04,600 --> 00:49:07,000
to fail, Paterson would be the 
one to expose it. 

953
00:49:07,900 --> 00:49:11,400
But even Patterson had 
weaknesses, he was diabetic and 

954
00:49:11,400 --> 00:49:14,100
his blood sugar crashes, made 
him irritable and hurried during

955
00:49:14,100 --> 00:49:17,800
evening inspections, he was also
a creature of habit following 

956
00:49:17,800 --> 00:49:20,700
the same route through the cell 
block every night spending. 

957
00:49:20,700 --> 00:49:23,600
Exactly 45 seconds in each cell 
before. 

958
00:49:23,600 --> 00:49:27,300
Moving on, if they could predict
his timing and mood, they could 

959
00:49:27,300 --> 00:49:29,300
ensure their dummy. 
Walls were in place when he 

960
00:49:29,300 --> 00:49:33,000
looked and removed when they 
needed to work the disposal of 

961
00:49:33,000 --> 00:49:36,800
excavated concrete presented, 
its challenges simply dumping, 

962
00:49:36,800 --> 00:49:39,600
it would create suspicious piles
of debris that even the most 

963
00:49:39,600 --> 00:49:43,500
inattentive guard would notice 
Instead they developed a 

964
00:49:43,500 --> 00:49:46,800
distribution system, that would 
have impressed a drug cartel. 

965
00:49:48,200 --> 00:49:50,800
They make small amounts of 
concrete dust with soap and 

966
00:49:50,800 --> 00:49:53,500
washed it down the drains during
their evening washing routine. 

967
00:49:53,500 --> 00:49:57,000
They concealed larger chunks in 
the seams of their mattresses 

968
00:49:57,000 --> 00:49:59,600
Distributing them. 
So gradually that the changes in

969
00:49:59,600 --> 00:50:03,100
weight and texture undetectable 
They scattered some in the 

970
00:50:03,108 --> 00:50:06,000
workshop, allowing it to blend 
with the dust and debris of 

971
00:50:06,000 --> 00:50:09,300
daily industrial activity. 
They had recruited Alan West. 

972
00:50:10,000 --> 00:50:13,500
Another inmate who sells 
adjacent to their operation, as 

973
00:50:13,500 --> 00:50:15,100
both the lookout and a 
participant. 

974
00:50:15,900 --> 00:50:18,800
West sell required the same 
treatment as the others and his 

975
00:50:18,808 --> 00:50:21,100
Escape would help provide cover 
for the main operation. 

976
00:50:21,100 --> 00:50:24,800
However, West brought a level of
enthusiasm, that sometimes 

977
00:50:24,800 --> 00:50:28,200
exceeded his competence while 
Frank approached the work with 

978
00:50:28,200 --> 00:50:31,100
surgical precision and the 
Anglin Brothers, contributed 

979
00:50:31,100 --> 00:50:34,300
their specialized skills. 
West attacked, his concrete with

980
00:50:34,300 --> 00:50:35,800
the subtlety of a demolition 
crew. 

981
00:50:36,500 --> 00:50:40,200
West scraping was audible from 
three cells away and his Moc 

982
00:50:40,200 --> 00:50:42,000
wall resembled. 
Something a child might 

983
00:50:42,000 --> 00:50:44,500
construct during a particularly 
unsuccessful art project. 

984
00:50:45,600 --> 00:50:48,200
The work progressed through 
spring with the slowest, steady 

985
00:50:48,200 --> 00:50:52,300
pace of erosion, carving 
Canyon's by Mae, Frank had 

986
00:50:52,300 --> 00:50:55,600
created an opening large enough 
to squeeze through, though, he 

987
00:50:55,600 --> 00:50:58,100
tested it, only with careful 
measurements rather than actual 

988
00:50:58,100 --> 00:51:00,800
human trials. 
The Anglin Brothers had 

989
00:51:00,800 --> 00:51:02,500
achieved. 
Similar progress though. 

990
00:51:02,500 --> 00:51:04,400
John's perfectionist Tendencies 
meant? 

991
00:51:04,400 --> 00:51:06,900
He spent almost as much time. 
Improving his dummy wall. 

992
00:51:06,900 --> 00:51:11,200
As he did enlarging his opening.
The psychological toll of the 

993
00:51:11,200 --> 00:51:14,600
work was as challenging as the 
physical demands each night, 

994
00:51:14,600 --> 00:51:17,200
brought the possibility of 
Discovery and each morning, 

995
00:51:17,200 --> 00:51:19,800
required them to resume their 
roles as model prisoners. 

996
00:51:19,800 --> 00:51:23,200
While concealing their growing 
excessive excitement and 

997
00:51:23,200 --> 00:51:25,400
anxiety. 
They had to maintain their 

998
00:51:25,400 --> 00:51:29,000
routines participate in work. 
Assignments and interact with 

999
00:51:29,000 --> 00:51:32,200
guards and fellow inmates as if 
there are only concerns with a 

1000
00:51:32,200 --> 00:51:35,700
quality of the evening meal and 
the possibility of male call. 

1001
00:51:36,700 --> 00:51:40,100
Frank found himself studying the
guards with new intensity, not 

1002
00:51:40,100 --> 00:51:43,400
just for security purposes but 
to understand how normal people 

1003
00:51:43,400 --> 00:51:45,700
behaved when they were not 
planning impossible. 

1004
00:51:45,700 --> 00:51:49,200
Escape, Guard Morrison had a 
habit of humming as he made his 

1005
00:51:49,200 --> 00:51:52,200
rounds guard Peterson. 
Had a habit of pausing at 

1006
00:51:52,200 --> 00:51:54,800
specific cells to engaging 
conversation with the inmates. 

1007
00:51:54,800 --> 00:51:58,500
He held a particular dislike for
guard Colin's, developed a 

1008
00:51:58,500 --> 00:52:01,000
nervous habit of jingling his 
keys whenever he felt anxious 

1009
00:52:01,000 --> 00:52:04,300
about something. these details 
would be crucial when the time 

1010
00:52:04,300 --> 00:52:07,800
came to move through the prison 
and detected The weather had 

1011
00:52:07,800 --> 00:52:09,300
begun to cooperate with their 
plans. 

1012
00:52:09,300 --> 00:52:12,700
The fog that rolled in each 
evening, provided natural cover,

1013
00:52:12,700 --> 00:52:15,600
and the spring tides were 
creating current patterns that 

1014
00:52:15,600 --> 00:52:18,400
might actually help rather than 
hinder, their water Escape. 

1015
00:52:19,600 --> 00:52:22,600
Frank had been studying the 
movements of debris and seaweed 

1016
00:52:22,600 --> 00:52:26,000
noting, which pieces ended up on
Angel Island and which 

1017
00:52:26,000 --> 00:52:29,400
disappeared into the Pacific. 
Their window of opportunity was 

1018
00:52:29,400 --> 00:52:31,800
approaching. 
But so was the increased risk 

1019
00:52:31,800 --> 00:52:34,300
that came with each passing day 
of their secret construction 

1020
00:52:34,300 --> 00:52:37,300
project. 
As May progress toward June 

1021
00:52:37,300 --> 00:52:40,700
three men continued their 
nightly routine of carefully 

1022
00:52:40,700 --> 00:52:44,000
destroying their prison cells, 
while maintaining the facade of 

1023
00:52:44,008 --> 00:52:47,100
resigned acceptance. 
They had committed themselves to

1024
00:52:47,100 --> 00:52:51,100
a plan that required perfect 
timing, Flawless execution, and 

1025
00:52:51,100 --> 00:52:54,900
a considerable amount of luck. 
The alternative spending the 

1026
00:52:54,900 --> 00:52:57,900
remainder of their lives in six 
by nine foot concrete boxes 

1027
00:52:57,900 --> 00:53:01,000
provided all the motivation, 
they needed to continue their 

1028
00:53:01,000 --> 00:53:04,400
invisible demolition project, 
June arrived at Alcatraz with 

1029
00:53:04,400 --> 00:53:08,400
unusual warmth as if the Pacific
had decided to offer a brief 

1030
00:53:08,400 --> 00:53:11,400
respite from its customary, 
indifference to human comfort. 

1031
00:53:12,200 --> 00:53:14,800
The unseasonably Pleasant 
weather felt like a cosmic wink 

1032
00:53:14,800 --> 00:53:17,000
to three men who had been 
planning their departure for 

1033
00:53:17,000 --> 00:53:19,000
months though. 
They maintained the prison's 

1034
00:53:19,000 --> 00:53:21,600
routine with the dedication of 
method actors preparing for the 

1035
00:53:21,608 --> 00:53:24,900
performance of their lives. 
Frank Morris had discovered that

1036
00:53:24,900 --> 00:53:28,300
escaping from Alcatraz required 
skills, not typically taught in 

1037
00:53:28,300 --> 00:53:31,600
criminal Enterprise's. 
Take navigation as an example, 

1038
00:53:31,600 --> 00:53:34,800
the waters around the island 
moved with currents that 

1039
00:53:34,800 --> 00:53:38,700
followed patterns more complex 
than Advanced calculus a 

1040
00:53:38,700 --> 00:53:41,200
miscalculating. 
Their timing could result in a 

1041
00:53:41,200 --> 00:53:44,200
one-way trip to the Farallon 
Islands or more likely the 

1042
00:53:44,200 --> 00:53:47,400
bottom of the Bay. 
Frank had been studying the 

1043
00:53:47,400 --> 00:53:50,200
movement of everything from 
seagull formations to sandwich 

1044
00:53:50,200 --> 00:53:53,700
wrappers thrown overboard by the
weekly supply boat building a 

1045
00:53:53,700 --> 00:53:57,100
mental map of how the water 
moved and when The Breakthrough 

1046
00:53:57,100 --> 00:54:00,100
came when he noticed that prison
garbage thrown into the bay 

1047
00:54:00,100 --> 00:54:03,000
during certain tidal, conditions
would wash up on Angel Island 

1048
00:54:03,000 --> 00:54:05,600
within hours. 
If they could time their escape 

1049
00:54:05,600 --> 00:54:08,400
to coincide with those same 
conditions, the treacherous 

1050
00:54:08,400 --> 00:54:11,000
currents that doomed previous 
attempts might actually carry 

1051
00:54:11,000 --> 00:54:13,400
them to safety. 
It was a theory that sounded 

1052
00:54:13,400 --> 00:54:16,700
plausible in whispered sailboat 
conversations but would require 

1053
00:54:16,700 --> 00:54:18,700
testing their hypothesis with 
their lives. 

1054
00:54:19,600 --> 00:54:22,200
John Anglin had been perfecting 
what he called, the Great 

1055
00:54:22,200 --> 00:54:24,600
deception, a collection of 
dummy. 

1056
00:54:24,600 --> 00:54:27,000
Heads that would occupy their 
beds during The crucial hours 

1057
00:54:27,000 --> 00:54:28,500
when guards conducted Knight 
counts. 

1058
00:54:29,200 --> 00:54:33,000
Using a mix of soap, toilet, 
paper, paint, and hair collected

1059
00:54:33,000 --> 00:54:34,300
from the prison. 
Barber Shop floor. 

1060
00:54:34,300 --> 00:54:37,900
John had created sculptures that
Bora reasonable resembled to 

1061
00:54:37,900 --> 00:54:40,400
sleeping inmates. 
Assuming the guards, didn't look

1062
00:54:40,400 --> 00:54:43,600
too closely and the lighting 
remained appropriately dim. 

1063
00:54:44,600 --> 00:54:46,900
The heads will works of inspired
improvisation. 

1064
00:54:47,800 --> 00:54:51,000
John used real hair, which he 
carefully arranged to match the 

1065
00:54:51,000 --> 00:54:52,900
individual hairstyles of the 
sculptures. 

1066
00:54:52,900 --> 00:54:56,800
The features were molded from 
soap painted with pigments, 

1067
00:54:56,800 --> 00:55:00,200
extracted from magazine pages 
and mixed with substances that 

1068
00:55:00,200 --> 00:55:02,600
John preferred not to identify 
two. 

1069
00:55:02,600 --> 00:55:05,300
Specifically, the ears were 
particularly challenging 

1070
00:55:05,300 --> 00:55:08,700
apparently creating believable 
ears, from soap, required an 

1071
00:55:08,700 --> 00:55:11,500
artistic sensibility that John 
had never previously applied to 

1072
00:55:11,500 --> 00:55:13,300
anything more ambitious than 
forging. 

1073
00:55:13,300 --> 00:55:16,900
Signatures, Clarence, Anglin, 
had graduated from intelligence 

1074
00:55:16,900 --> 00:55:20,200
gathering to operational 
planning He'd identified, the 

1075
00:55:20,200 --> 00:55:23,600
exact route they would take from
their cells to the roof through 

1076
00:55:23,600 --> 00:55:26,000
the utility Corridor. 
Behind the cell block up of 

1077
00:55:26,000 --> 00:55:27,700
ventilation shaft that led to 
the roof. 

1078
00:55:27,700 --> 00:55:30,700
And then across the prison roof,
top to a point where they could 

1079
00:55:30,700 --> 00:55:33,300
send to the water without being 
seen from the guard towers. 

1080
00:55:33,300 --> 00:55:36,300
The journey would require them 
to navigate and complete 

1081
00:55:36,300 --> 00:55:38,700
darkness through spaces that 
were barely large enough. 

1082
00:55:38,700 --> 00:55:41,300
For human. 
Passage carrying equipment that 

1083
00:55:41,300 --> 00:55:44,600
couldn't be left behind, Alan 
West had become their weakling 

1084
00:55:44,600 --> 00:55:46,700
in ways that were both 
predictable and frustrating. 

1085
00:55:46,700 --> 00:55:49,700
While the other three had been 
methodically preparing for every

1086
00:55:49,700 --> 00:55:52,400
aspect of their escape West had 
been treating the project like 

1087
00:55:52,400 --> 00:55:54,900
an extended hobby rather than a 
life or death endeavor. 

1088
00:55:55,700 --> 00:55:58,900
His concrete removal had been 
inconsistent, his dummy wall was

1089
00:55:58,900 --> 00:56:01,900
unconvincing and his security 
awareness was approximately 

1090
00:56:01,900 --> 00:56:04,600
equivalent to that of a tourist 
taking photos at a military 

1091
00:56:04,600 --> 00:56:07,300
installation. 
The tools and materials for 

1092
00:56:07,300 --> 00:56:09,500
their water Escape had been 
accumulated through a 

1093
00:56:09,500 --> 00:56:13,800
combination of theft creativity 
and what Frank called adaptive 

1094
00:56:13,800 --> 00:56:17,600
resource acquisition. 
Prison raincoats had been sewn 

1095
00:56:17,600 --> 00:56:19,500
together to create a makeshift 
raft and life. 

1096
00:56:19,500 --> 00:56:21,700
Preservers it. 
Sowed the raft together. 

1097
00:56:21,700 --> 00:56:23,200
Using thread from prison 
clothing. 

1098
00:56:23,200 --> 00:56:26,100
And needles, fashioned from a 
metal scraps found in the 

1099
00:56:26,100 --> 00:56:28,400
workshop. 
The result looked like something

1100
00:56:28,400 --> 00:56:31,100
that might have been rejected by
particularly under demanding 

1101
00:56:31,100 --> 00:56:33,600
Coast Guard inspection. 
But it would hopefully provide 

1102
00:56:33,600 --> 00:56:36,200
enough buoyancy to keep them 
alive until they reached land. 

1103
00:56:37,200 --> 00:56:39,600
Paddles had been carved from 
wooden pieces found in the 

1104
00:56:39,600 --> 00:56:42,900
workshop shape and smooth, 
during lunch breaks and moments.

1105
00:56:42,900 --> 00:56:46,000
When guards were distracted, the
paddles were crude but 

1106
00:56:46,000 --> 00:56:48,600
functional assuming they didn't 
encounter waves larger than 

1107
00:56:48,600 --> 00:56:50,100
those found in an average 
bathtub. 

1108
00:56:51,300 --> 00:56:53,300
Frank had calculated that they 
would need to cover 

1109
00:56:53,300 --> 00:56:57,000
approximately two miles of Open 
Water, probably in fog, while 

1110
00:56:57,000 --> 00:56:59,200
being sought by every law 
enforcement agency in Northern 

1111
00:56:59,200 --> 00:57:02,208
California, the Escape timeline 
had been planned with the 

1112
00:57:02,216 --> 00:57:05,200
Precision of a military 
operation with significantly 

1113
00:57:05,200 --> 00:57:08,500
less reliable equipment. 
They would begin their departure

1114
00:57:08,500 --> 00:57:12,900
at 9:45 p.m. 15 minutes after 
lights out when the cell block 

1115
00:57:12,900 --> 00:57:14,500
settled into its evening 
routine. 

1116
00:57:15,300 --> 00:57:17,800
The dummy heads would be 
positioned in their beds, the 

1117
00:57:17,800 --> 00:57:20,500
fake walls would be put in place
behind their ventilation grates,

1118
00:57:20,500 --> 00:57:23,300
and they would begin their 
Journey Through the utility 

1119
00:57:23,300 --> 00:57:26,100
corridor. 
The climb to the roof would be 

1120
00:57:26,100 --> 00:57:28,400
the most dangerous part of their
internal navigation. 

1121
00:57:28,400 --> 00:57:32,400
The ventilation shaft was barely
wide enough, for human passage 

1122
00:57:32,400 --> 00:57:35,100
and any noise during the ascent 
could alert guards to their 

1123
00:57:35,100 --> 00:57:37,300
escape attempt. 
They would have to climb 

1124
00:57:37,300 --> 00:57:40,500
approximately 30 feet in 
complete darkness, carrying 

1125
00:57:40,500 --> 00:57:44,100
their makeshift equipment while 
remaining absolutely silent. 

1126
00:57:45,600 --> 00:57:47,800
Frank had rehearsed the climb in
previous reconnaissance 

1127
00:57:47,800 --> 00:57:50,500
missions, but the actual 
performance was a completely 

1128
00:57:50,500 --> 00:57:52,900
different matter. 
Once on the roof, they would 

1129
00:57:52,900 --> 00:57:55,600
have to cross approximately 60 
yards of open space to reach 

1130
00:57:55,600 --> 00:57:58,200
their descent Point. 
Moving carefully to avoid being 

1131
00:57:58,200 --> 00:58:01,800
seen by guards in the towers. 
The guard towers had searched 

1132
00:58:01,800 --> 00:58:03,500
lights that. 
Swept the prison grounds on 

1133
00:58:03,500 --> 00:58:05,800
irregular, schedules and being 
caught in. 

1134
00:58:05,800 --> 00:58:07,600
One of those. 
Beams would end their escape 

1135
00:58:07,600 --> 00:58:10,100
attempt in a Halo of gunfire and
official disappointment. 

1136
00:58:11,100 --> 00:58:13,800
The Descent the water would 
require them to climb down the 

1137
00:58:13,800 --> 00:58:16,400
outside of the prison building 
using makeshift ropes created 

1138
00:58:16,400 --> 00:58:19,700
from sheets and towels, stolen 
from the laundry, the drop was 

1139
00:58:19,700 --> 00:58:22,400
approximately 50 feet and the 
improvised climbing equipment 

1140
00:58:22,400 --> 00:58:24,700
would have to support their 
weight, plus the weight of their

1141
00:58:24,700 --> 00:58:27,800
escape materials. 
Franka tested, the Rope strength

1142
00:58:27,800 --> 00:58:30,000
using methods. 
He preferred not to describe in 

1143
00:58:30,000 --> 00:58:34,000
detail but the results had been 
marginally encouraging Has June 

1144
00:58:34,000 --> 00:58:36,100
progressed? 
Their preparations entered, the 

1145
00:58:36,100 --> 00:58:38,700
Final Phase. 
The concrete removal was 

1146
00:58:38,700 --> 00:58:42,100
essentially complete But West 
continued to struggle with 

1147
00:58:42,100 --> 00:58:45,100
opening his act. 
The dummy heads were ready for 

1148
00:58:45,100 --> 00:58:48,100
their theatrical debut. 
The Escape equipment was as 

1149
00:58:48,100 --> 00:58:50,900
prepared as prison resources 
would allow where the conditions

1150
00:58:50,900 --> 00:58:53,500
were favorable with fog, 
predicted for the evening, they 

1151
00:58:53,500 --> 00:58:57,000
had chosen for their departure. 
But perhaps, most importantly, 

1152
00:58:57,000 --> 00:59:00,100
three men had committed 
themselves psychologically to an

1153
00:59:00,100 --> 00:59:02,600
undertaking that required them 
to bet their lives on the 

1154
00:59:02,600 --> 00:59:05,500
accuracy of their planning and 
the reliability of their 

1155
00:59:05,500 --> 00:59:08,400
improvised equipment. 
They had reached the point where

1156
00:59:08,400 --> 00:59:10,900
backing down was no longer 
possible, not because of 

1157
00:59:10,900 --> 00:59:13,400
external pressure, but because 
they had convinced themselves 

1158
00:59:13,400 --> 00:59:16,800
that freedom was worth the 
considerable risk of death. 

1159
00:59:18,100 --> 00:59:22,900
The date was set. 
June 11th 1962 in less than 48 

1160
00:59:22,900 --> 00:59:24,400
hours. 
They would discover whether 

1161
00:59:24,400 --> 00:59:27,000
months of planning and 
preparation had created a viable

1162
00:59:27,000 --> 00:59:29,800
escape plan or an elaborate form
of suicide. 

1163
00:59:30,800 --> 00:59:33,600
The Pacific Ocean would render 
its verdict with the finality 

1164
00:59:33,600 --> 00:59:37,100
that only nature can provide the
morning, sun painted, San 

1165
00:59:37,100 --> 00:59:39,400
Francisco Bay, and shades of 
gold and promise. 

1166
00:59:39,400 --> 00:59:42,700
While inside Alcatraz three men,
moved through their daily 

1167
00:59:42,700 --> 00:59:45,800
routines with the focused calm 
of actors preparing for opening 

1168
00:59:45,800 --> 00:59:48,200
night each Monday night 
activity. 

1169
00:59:48,200 --> 00:59:51,300
Greek first work. 
Detail afternoon, Recreation 

1170
00:59:51,300 --> 00:59:55,200
carried the weight of finality 
as if they were participating in

1171
00:59:55,200 --> 00:59:59,100
a farewell tour of institutional
life, Frank Morris spent the 

1172
00:59:59,108 --> 01:00:01,600
morning in the workshop with 
unusual attention to his 

1173
01:00:01,600 --> 01:00:04,600
assigned, tasks repairing, 
ventilation equipment with the 

1174
01:00:04,608 --> 01:00:07,800
ironic dedication of a man who 
had spent months systematically 

1175
01:00:07,800 --> 01:00:11,800
dismantling similar fixtures. 
His hands worked automatically 

1176
01:00:11,800 --> 01:00:15,000
while his mine ran through the 
evening's timeline like 

1177
01:00:15,000 --> 01:00:17,100
conductor rehearsing a complex 
Symphony. 

1178
01:00:17,800 --> 01:00:21,000
Every movement had been 
choreographed every contingency 

1179
01:00:21,000 --> 01:00:24,600
considered yet the fundamental 
uncertainty remained. 

1180
01:00:25,300 --> 01:00:27,400
With their months of 
preparation, prove, sufficient, 

1181
01:00:27,400 --> 01:00:30,600
or would they join the ranks of 
alcatroz fail to escape 

1182
01:00:30,600 --> 01:00:33,800
attempts, the Anglin Brothers 
maintained, their customary 

1183
01:00:33,800 --> 01:00:36,200
routine with studyed normalcy 
though. 

1184
01:00:36,200 --> 01:00:39,000
John found himself paying 
unusual attention to details. 

1185
01:00:39,000 --> 01:00:42,700
He might never see again. 
The afternoon, like dance 

1186
01:00:42,700 --> 01:00:44,200
Through the Windows of the cell 
block. 

1187
01:00:44,900 --> 01:00:48,200
The sound of foghorns beginning 
their evening chorus years of 

1188
01:00:48,200 --> 01:00:50,800
daily interaction had made the 
guards familiar faces as 

1189
01:00:50,800 --> 01:00:54,000
predictable as sunrise. 
These observations didn't stem 

1190
01:00:54,000 --> 01:00:56,000
from sentiment as they couldn't 
afford it. 

1191
01:00:56,000 --> 01:00:59,100
But rather from the sharper 
awareness that often accompany 

1192
01:00:59,100 --> 01:01:02,800
irreversible decisions, Alan 
West had been struggling with 

1193
01:01:02,800 --> 01:01:05,800
his concrete removal for weeks 
working with the Frantic energy 

1194
01:01:05,800 --> 01:01:07,800
of a student cramming for final 
exams. 

1195
01:01:07,800 --> 01:01:10,500
Although his opening was still 
slightly too small for 

1196
01:01:10,500 --> 01:01:13,500
comfortable, passage his 
perfectionist Tendencies had run

1197
01:01:13,508 --> 01:01:16,300
out of time. 
The tides would be favorable to 

1198
01:01:16,300 --> 01:01:18,800
Night Guard. 
Schedules were optimal and 

1199
01:01:18,800 --> 01:01:22,200
weather forecasts predicted the 
fog cover they needed Westwood. 

1200
01:01:22,200 --> 01:01:24,500
Have to make his existing 
opening work or risk 

1201
01:01:24,500 --> 01:01:26,200
compromising the entire 
operation. 

1202
01:01:27,200 --> 01:01:29,800
As evening approached, the 
prison settled in to its 

1203
01:01:29,800 --> 01:01:31,500
familiar. 
Rhythm of enforced routine. 

1204
01:01:31,500 --> 01:01:36,100
Dino was consumed with the usual
institutional, efficiency food 

1205
01:01:36,100 --> 01:01:38,400
that was nutritionally. 
Adequate and gastronomically, 

1206
01:01:38,400 --> 01:01:41,700
forgettable served by kitchen 
staff who had perfected, the art

1207
01:01:41,700 --> 01:01:44,800
of culinary in different. 
Conversation, followed the 

1208
01:01:44,808 --> 01:01:48,500
approved patterns complaints 
about food quality speculation 

1209
01:01:48,500 --> 01:01:52,000
about guard, Personnel changes 
and discussions of shit scores 

1210
01:01:52,000 --> 01:01:54,800
from newspapers that arrived 
days late and already obsolete. 

1211
01:01:55,700 --> 01:01:58,600
But beneath this surface 
normalcy three, men were 

1212
01:01:58,600 --> 01:02:01,300
conducting final equipment 
checks with the thoroughness of 

1213
01:02:01,300 --> 01:02:04,900
astronauts preparing for launch.
The dummy heads were positioned 

1214
01:02:04,900 --> 01:02:07,500
and ready. 
The makeshift flotation devices 

1215
01:02:07,500 --> 01:02:11,300
were concealed and accessible. 
We tested the improvised ropes 

1216
01:02:11,300 --> 01:02:13,600
one final time. 
Employing methods, that would 

1217
01:02:13,600 --> 01:02:17,500
not draw the attention of casual
observers, everything was ready 

1218
01:02:17,500 --> 01:02:21,700
as months of prison-based 
preparation could make it at 

1219
01:02:21,700 --> 01:02:25,300
9:30 p.m. the lights went out on
schedule and Alcatraz began. 

1220
01:02:25,300 --> 01:02:28,700
Its transition to nighttime 
security, protocols the three 

1221
01:02:28,700 --> 01:02:31,300
conspirators, waited in this 
cells with the patience of 

1222
01:02:31,308 --> 01:02:33,900
experience to criminals who 
understood that timing was 

1223
01:02:33,900 --> 01:02:36,100
everything. 
If they are arrived to early, 

1224
01:02:36,100 --> 01:02:38,700
the guards, would still be 
conducting their initial counts.

1225
01:02:39,500 --> 01:02:42,600
Too late, they would miss the 
title conditions that could mean

1226
01:02:42,600 --> 01:02:45,600
the difference between reaching 
Angel Island and disappearing 

1227
01:02:45,600 --> 01:02:50,700
into the Pacific. 945 p.m. 
arrived with astronomical 

1228
01:02:50,700 --> 01:02:54,000
precision. 
Frank Morris began the delicate 

1229
01:02:54,000 --> 01:02:56,500
process of removing his dummy 
ventilation, great. 

1230
01:02:56,500 --> 01:03:00,100
And positioning, his soap 
sculpture head in his bed, the 

1231
01:03:00,100 --> 01:03:02,200
head looked reasonably 
convincing in the dim light. 

1232
01:03:02,200 --> 01:03:04,700
Certainly, convincing enough to 
fool a guard. 

1233
01:03:04,700 --> 01:03:07,300
Conducting a routine count from 
the cell block corridor. 

1234
01:03:08,100 --> 01:03:11,000
The real test would come at 
midnight when Gods would conduct

1235
01:03:11,000 --> 01:03:14,800
their more thorough inspection. 
But by then he escape artists 

1236
01:03:14,800 --> 01:03:17,800
would either be safely away or 
Beyond caring about Garden 

1237
01:03:17,800 --> 01:03:20,000
inspections utility Corridor 
behind. 

1238
01:03:20,000 --> 01:03:23,000
The cell block was everything. 
Frank had expected and several 

1239
01:03:23,000 --> 01:03:25,200
things. 
He hadn't the space was cramped 

1240
01:03:25,200 --> 01:03:27,600
filled with pipes and electrical
conduits. 

1241
01:03:27,600 --> 01:03:29,800
That seemed determined to catch 
on clothing and Equipment. 

1242
01:03:29,800 --> 01:03:33,200
The air was thick with Decades 
of accumulated dust and the 

1243
01:03:33,208 --> 01:03:34,800
metallic smell of Aging 
infrastructure. 

1244
01:03:34,800 --> 01:03:38,100
Moving through the corridor 
required, a combination of 

1245
01:03:38,100 --> 01:03:41,500
athletic ability and 
contortionist skills Complicated

1246
01:03:41,500 --> 01:03:44,300
by the need to remain absolutely
silent while carrying a 

1247
01:03:44,300 --> 01:03:46,400
equipment that seemed designed 
to make noise at the worst 

1248
01:03:46,400 --> 01:03:49,200
possible moments with the grace 
of a man who had spent 

1249
01:03:49,208 --> 01:03:52,100
considerable time. 
Practicing the movement, John 

1250
01:03:52,100 --> 01:03:54,400
Anglin emerged from his cell 
into the corridor. 

1251
01:03:54,400 --> 01:03:58,500
His dummy head was positioned 
his fake wall, was in place and 

1252
01:03:58,500 --> 01:04:00,800
his portion of the Escape 
equipment was secured and ready 

1253
01:04:00,800 --> 01:04:04,500
for transport. the months of 
preparation had honed a level of

1254
01:04:04,500 --> 01:04:07,300
coordination, that would have 
impressed, professional dancers,

1255
01:04:07,300 --> 01:04:10,100
despite the significant risk of 
missing a cue compared to 

1256
01:04:10,100 --> 01:04:13,700
audience to prove all His 
followed with the steady 

1257
01:04:13,700 --> 01:04:16,000
competence that had made him. 
The Operations Logistics 

1258
01:04:16,000 --> 01:04:18,500
coordinator. 
Everything that could be played 

1259
01:04:18,500 --> 01:04:21,900
had been played and everything 
else would have to be improvised

1260
01:04:21,900 --> 01:04:24,700
on principles of creative 
problem, solving and desperate 

1261
01:04:24,700 --> 01:04:27,800
innovation. 
The utility Corridor of the 

1262
01:04:27,800 --> 01:04:31,400
atmosphere of a theaters 
backstage area where the 

1263
01:04:31,400 --> 01:04:33,600
performance held Paramount 
importance and the audience 

1264
01:04:33,600 --> 01:04:35,700
consisted solely of armed 
critics. 

1265
01:04:36,500 --> 01:04:38,900
Alan West encountered. 
His first major crisis at 

1266
01:04:38,900 --> 01:04:43,700
exactly 9:52 p.m. 
His ventilation opening some way

1267
01:04:43,700 --> 01:04:47,200
despite weeks of enlargement 
efforts remained slightly too 

1268
01:04:47,200 --> 01:04:50,300
small for comfortable passage. 
What it seemed like a minor 

1269
01:04:50,300 --> 01:04:52,300
issue during planning. 
Now revealed itself as a 

1270
01:04:52,308 --> 01:04:56,200
potentially catastrophic 
problem, West struggled with his

1271
01:04:56,200 --> 01:04:58,900
opening while his Partners 
waited in the corridor precious 

1272
01:04:58,900 --> 01:05:01,100
minutes ticking away like a 
countdown to a launch that 

1273
01:05:01,100 --> 01:05:04,100
couldn't be postponed. 
The decision was made with the 

1274
01:05:04,100 --> 01:05:06,900
brutal efficiency was in 
emergency situations, demand 

1275
01:05:06,900 --> 01:05:10,400
Westwood continued working on 
his opening and follow when he 

1276
01:05:10,400 --> 01:05:12,300
could. 
The others would proceed with 

1277
01:05:12,300 --> 01:05:15,000
the Escape rather than risk the 
entire operation for one 

1278
01:05:15,000 --> 01:05:18,500
person's preparation problems. 
It was a calculated decision, 

1279
01:05:18,500 --> 01:05:21,100
but prison had taught all of 
them that survival. 

1280
01:05:21,100 --> 01:05:23,500
Sometimes necessitated 
abandoning those who couldn't 

1281
01:05:23,500 --> 01:05:27,800
keep up the climb to the roof 
began at 10:03 p.m. 13 minutes 

1282
01:05:27,800 --> 01:05:29,800
behind schedule. 
But still within acceptable 

1283
01:05:29,800 --> 01:05:32,800
parameters. 
The ventilation shaft was as 

1284
01:05:32,800 --> 01:05:36,100
challenging as reconnaissance 
had suggested narrow dark and 

1285
01:05:36,100 --> 01:05:38,500
filled with obstacles that 
seemed designed by someone with 

1286
01:05:38,500 --> 01:05:42,300
sadistic sense of humor. 
Frank led the climb followed by 

1287
01:05:42,300 --> 01:05:45,600
John and Clarence each man 
carrying equipment that made the

1288
01:05:45,608 --> 01:05:48,200
ascent more difficult than 
climbing a ladder while juggling

1289
01:05:48,200 --> 01:05:51,300
flaming torches. 
The roof of Alcatraz stretched 

1290
01:05:51,300 --> 01:05:54,500
before them like a concrete. 
Ocean bathed in fog that 

1291
01:05:54,500 --> 01:05:57,800
provided both concealment and 
navigation challenges regard. 

1292
01:05:57,800 --> 01:06:00,900
Towers were visible as points of
light in the Mist, their 

1293
01:06:00,900 --> 01:06:03,400
searchlights creating moving 
patterns that had to be avoided 

1294
01:06:03,400 --> 01:06:05,600
with the Precision of dancers. 
Performing a deadly 

1295
01:06:05,600 --> 01:06:08,800
choreography. 
Three men moved across the roof 

1296
01:06:08,800 --> 01:06:11,800
with careful steps, where 
there's a single misstep, could 

1297
01:06:11,800 --> 01:06:14,000
result in noise that would bring
guards running from all 

1298
01:06:14,000 --> 01:06:17,600
directions 1047 PM. 
They reached their descent point

1299
01:06:17,600 --> 01:06:20,400
and began the Rappel to the 
water's edge, the improvised 

1300
01:06:20,400 --> 01:06:22,800
ropes, supported the men's 
weight for the creaked and 

1301
01:06:22,808 --> 01:06:25,000
stretched in a way that made 
each man questioned whether he 

1302
01:06:25,000 --> 01:06:27,700
would successfully complete The 
Descent or become an unwilling 

1303
01:06:27,700 --> 01:06:31,800
test of gravity's reliability. 
The water below was dark cold 

1304
01:06:31,800 --> 01:06:34,800
and moving with current that 
would determine whether their 

1305
01:06:34,800 --> 01:06:37,200
months of planing would result 
in Freedom or tragedy. 

1306
01:06:37,200 --> 01:06:40,500
As they prepared to enter the 
bay three men stood at the edge 

1307
01:06:40,500 --> 01:06:43,100
of the Pacific Ocean with a 
commitment that looked like it 

1308
01:06:43,100 --> 01:06:45,700
had been designed by optimistic 
children and faith that had been

1309
01:06:45,708 --> 01:06:49,800
tested by months of impossible, 
preparation behind them late. 

1310
01:06:49,800 --> 01:06:52,800
Alcatraz ahead, lay the unknown 
and all around them. 

1311
01:06:52,800 --> 01:06:55,700
Lay water that had claimed 
previous Escape attempts with 

1312
01:06:55,700 --> 01:06:57,600
the indifference of natural 
forces operating. 

1313
01:06:57,600 --> 01:07:00,400
According to laws, that didn't 
recognize human ambition. 

1314
01:07:01,400 --> 01:07:03,200
The moment of commitment had 
arrived. 

1315
01:07:03,200 --> 01:07:06,100
There would be no more planning,
no, more preparation, no more 

1316
01:07:06,108 --> 01:07:08,500
rehearsals. 
All they had was the water, the 

1317
01:07:08,500 --> 01:07:11,100
darkness, and the hope that 
their months of diligent labor 

1318
01:07:11,100 --> 01:07:12,900
had yielded. 
Something capable of guiding 

1319
01:07:12,900 --> 01:07:19,000
them towards Liberation at 11:23
p.m. on June 11th, 1962 three 

1320
01:07:19,000 --> 01:07:22,300
men slipped into San Francisco 
Bay with the quiet desperation 

1321
01:07:22,300 --> 01:07:25,900
of souls entering Purgatory. 
The waters coldness was the 

1322
01:07:25,900 --> 01:07:28,400
liquid embodiment of all their 
doubts, after months of 

1323
01:07:28,400 --> 01:07:32,100
planning, Frank Morris, The 
Mastermind whose IQ had crafted.

1324
01:07:32,100 --> 01:07:35,200
Their escape found himself 
wondering if intelligence was 

1325
01:07:35,200 --> 01:07:38,900
any match for the Primal forces 
of tide and current that now 

1326
01:07:38,908 --> 01:07:42,500
controlled their destiny. 
The makeshift raft, cobbled 

1327
01:07:42,500 --> 01:07:45,300
together from prison raincoats 
and sustained by faith rather 

1328
01:07:45,300 --> 01:07:48,800
than engineering principles. 
Settled in to the water with all

1329
01:07:48,800 --> 01:07:52,700
the buoyancy of a concrete life 
preserver, what had appeared 

1330
01:07:52,700 --> 01:07:55,000
relatively see where the during 
their cell block planning 

1331
01:07:55,000 --> 01:07:56,900
session. 
Now stood as a testament to the 

1332
01:07:56,900 --> 01:08:01,500
victory of Hope overhead 
Dynamics, the improvised paddles

1333
01:08:01,500 --> 01:08:05,100
carved from Workshop scraps in 
felt as effective as using 

1334
01:08:05,100 --> 01:08:06,800
spoon's to navigate the 
Atlantic. 

1335
01:08:07,500 --> 01:08:10,100
John Anglin whose artistic 
talents had created their 

1336
01:08:10,100 --> 01:08:12,900
deceptive dummy. 
Heads discovered that artistic 

1337
01:08:12,900 --> 01:08:15,000
Vision, didn't translate to 
Maritime navigation. 

1338
01:08:15,900 --> 01:08:18,300
The fog that seemed like 
providential cover from the 

1339
01:08:18,300 --> 01:08:20,100
shore. 
Now surrounded, the like a 

1340
01:08:20,100 --> 01:08:23,300
living entity reducing 
visibility to approximately the 

1341
01:08:23,300 --> 01:08:26,100
length of their inadequate raft.
Every direction looked 

1342
01:08:26,100 --> 01:08:30,300
identical, Dark Water Fading 
Into Dark Mist with no landmarks

1343
01:08:30,300 --> 01:08:33,500
visible and no clear indication 
of which way LED to Angel Island

1344
01:08:33,500 --> 01:08:36,700
versus Which Way led to the 
ferral on Islands in certain 

1345
01:08:36,700 --> 01:08:39,800
death. 
Clarence, Anglin the Steady Hand

1346
01:08:39,800 --> 01:08:43,100
who had mapped guards schedules 
with military Precision, found 

1347
01:08:43,100 --> 01:08:45,800
himself trying to apply that 
same methodical approach to 

1348
01:08:45,800 --> 01:08:47,899
reading water, currents in 
complete darkness. 

1349
01:08:48,899 --> 01:08:51,700
The bay moved around them with 
liquid complexity streams, 

1350
01:08:51,700 --> 01:08:55,500
within streams Eddies and flows.
That seem to follow patterns 

1351
01:08:55,500 --> 01:08:58,300
that were comprehensible only to
marine biologists in the sword 

1352
01:08:58,300 --> 01:09:01,899
spirits of drowned sailors. 
Every paddle stroke was a 

1353
01:09:01,908 --> 01:09:05,600
calculated guests and every 
navigational decision, carried a

1354
01:09:05,600 --> 01:09:07,000
risk of hypothermia and 
drowning. 

1355
01:09:08,399 --> 01:09:10,700
The sound of their escape had 
been swallowed by fog and 

1356
01:09:10,707 --> 01:09:13,800
distance but somewhere behind 
them Alcatraz continued. 

1357
01:09:13,800 --> 01:09:17,899
Its nightly routine unaware of 
its most reluctant residents had

1358
01:09:17,899 --> 01:09:21,500
departed without filing, the 
proper paperwork, Alan West 

1359
01:09:21,500 --> 01:09:23,500
remained in his cells. 
Still struggling with his 

1360
01:09:23,500 --> 01:09:26,700
ventilation opening his escape 
attempt to Bandon in favor of 

1361
01:09:26,700 --> 01:09:28,800
not alerting guards to the 
absence of his soulmate. 

1362
01:09:29,899 --> 01:09:32,899
His failures to join them was 
both a personal tragedy and a 

1363
01:09:32,899 --> 01:09:35,800
tactical Advantage. 
One fewer person to crowd their 

1364
01:09:35,800 --> 01:09:38,600
inadequate Raft. 
One More dummy, head in place to

1365
01:09:38,600 --> 01:09:40,700
maintain the illusion of normal 
occupancy. 

1366
01:09:40,700 --> 01:09:44,200
The Pacific Ocean began its 
examination of their escape plan

1367
01:09:44,200 --> 01:09:46,899
with the thoroughness of a 
federal prosecutor reviewing 

1368
01:09:46,899 --> 01:09:49,300
evidence. 
Every weakness in their 

1369
01:09:49,308 --> 01:09:52,500
preparation was tested by waves,
that seemed larger than physics,

1370
01:09:52,500 --> 01:09:55,200
should have allowed currents 
that pulled them in directions. 

1371
01:09:55,200 --> 01:09:58,600
They couldn't identify and water
temperatures that made their 

1372
01:09:58,600 --> 01:10:02,500
improvised life, preservers feel
like ice cubes with straps the 

1373
01:10:02,500 --> 01:10:04,600
raft designed by hope and 
constructed. 

1374
01:10:04,600 --> 01:10:08,000
By necessity began to show signs
of structural anxiety as 

1375
01:10:08,000 --> 01:10:10,900
saltwater, found every scene and
tested every improvised repair. 

1376
01:10:11,900 --> 01:10:14,300
Frank had calculated that they 
needed to cover approximately 

1377
01:10:14,300 --> 01:10:17,500
two miles to reach Angel Island,
the calculations assume, 

1378
01:10:17,500 --> 01:10:20,900
knowledge of the starting point 
destination and Direction, all 

1379
01:10:20,900 --> 01:10:23,800
of which had become theoretical 
Concepts in the fog wrapped 

1380
01:10:23,800 --> 01:10:27,300
Darkness The lights of San 
Francisco were obscured by The 

1381
01:10:27,300 --> 01:10:30,600
Mists, an Angel Island felt as 
distant as another continent. 

1382
01:10:30,600 --> 01:10:34,500
Their navigational equipment. 
Relied on Instinct desperation 

1383
01:10:34,500 --> 01:10:37,700
and three waterlogged paddles 
that were starting to show their

1384
01:10:37,700 --> 01:10:41,200
own structural issues. the cold 
was becoming a factor that no 

1385
01:10:41,200 --> 01:10:44,100
amount of planning had 
adequately addressed Prison 

1386
01:10:44,100 --> 01:10:46,900
uniforms weren't designed for 
aquatic adventures and the 

1387
01:10:46,908 --> 01:10:50,200
improvised flotation devices 
provided buoyancy, but no 

1388
01:10:50,200 --> 01:10:53,600
insulation, each man could feel 
his body a temperature dropping 

1389
01:10:53,600 --> 01:10:56,200
with the systematic efficiency 
of a thermometer in a freezer 

1390
01:10:56,200 --> 01:10:59,000
and they're paddling became less
about navigation and more about 

1391
01:10:59,000 --> 01:11:01,100
generating enough movement to 
maintain circulation. 

1392
01:11:02,300 --> 01:11:04,600
But the most dangerous enemy 
wasn't cold or current. 

1393
01:11:04,600 --> 01:11:08,300
It was doubt every minute in the
water brought new evidence. 

1394
01:11:08,300 --> 01:11:10,900
That their plan had been created
by optimism, rather than 

1395
01:11:10,900 --> 01:11:13,300
reality. 
The raft was too small. 

1396
01:11:13,300 --> 01:11:16,200
The equipment to improvised the 
distance too far and the 

1397
01:11:16,200 --> 01:11:19,400
conditions too hostile. 
Each wave that washed over their

1398
01:11:19,400 --> 01:11:22,500
makeshift vessel, carried the 
whispered suggestion that they 

1399
01:11:22,500 --> 01:11:25,500
should have stayed in their 
cells, accepted their sentences 

1400
01:11:25,500 --> 01:11:28,600
and grown old Behind Bars, 
rather than young beneath the 

1401
01:11:28,600 --> 01:11:30,000
bay. 
Yet, something kept them 

1402
01:11:30,000 --> 01:11:32,900
paddling, perhaps it was the 
months of investment they had 

1403
01:11:32,900 --> 01:11:35,700
made in the Escape Plan, perhaps
it was the knowledge that 

1404
01:11:35,700 --> 01:11:38,100
returned to Alcatraz would mean 
solitary confinement. 

1405
01:11:38,100 --> 01:11:40,500
And the kind of official 
attention that makes prison life

1406
01:11:40,500 --> 01:11:43,800
considerably more unpleasant or 
perhaps it was the simple human 

1407
01:11:43,800 --> 01:11:47,300
refusal to surrender when 
surrender means death evil, when

1408
01:11:47,300 --> 01:11:51,400
the Alternatives seems equally 
terminal The fog began to thin 

1409
01:11:51,400 --> 01:11:53,800
around 130. 
Mm, revealing patches of 

1410
01:11:53,808 --> 01:11:56,600
scarlet, sky that provided their
first reliable navigation, 

1411
01:11:56,600 --> 01:11:59,900
reference in hours. 
Frank oriented himself using 

1412
01:11:59,900 --> 01:12:01,700
constellations. 
He remembered from childhood 

1413
01:12:01,700 --> 01:12:04,800
camping trips, before his life, 
had taken the series of Wrong 

1414
01:12:04,800 --> 01:12:06,500
Turns that led to Federal 
incarceration. 

1415
01:12:07,500 --> 01:12:10,000
The North Star steady, and 
reliable helped him. 

1416
01:12:10,000 --> 01:12:12,400
Establish Direction though 
establishing their location 

1417
01:12:12,400 --> 01:12:14,500
remained. 
A matter of educated, guesswork 

1418
01:12:14,500 --> 01:12:17,700
and Maritime prayer. 
As visibility improved, they 

1419
01:12:17,700 --> 01:12:20,900
could make out the darker mass 
of land ahead, whether Angel 

1420
01:12:20,900 --> 01:12:23,600
Island, Alcatraz or some 
previously, undiscovered piece 

1421
01:12:23,600 --> 01:12:26,600
of real estate remained to be 
determined, their paddling had 

1422
01:12:26,600 --> 01:12:29,300
become automatic their arms. 
Moving with their mechanical, 

1423
01:12:29,300 --> 01:12:32,000
Persistence of men who had 
discovered that stopping mint 

1424
01:12:32,000 --> 01:12:34,700
sinking. 
There are structural Integrity 

1425
01:12:34,700 --> 01:12:37,300
had degraded into the point 
where it was more of a flotation

1426
01:12:37,300 --> 01:12:40,300
suggestion and an actual 
watercraft held together by 

1427
01:12:40,300 --> 01:12:42,500
determination and rapidly 
failing adhesive. 

1428
01:12:42,500 --> 01:12:45,900
The current had been carrying 
them steadily but it remained 

1429
01:12:45,900 --> 01:12:48,100
unclear whether they were 
heading towards salvation or 

1430
01:12:48,100 --> 01:12:50,500
destruction until they felt 
their improvised paddles, 

1431
01:12:50,500 --> 01:12:55,800
scraping against something solid
sand rock The Blessed resistance

1432
01:12:55,800 --> 01:12:59,900
of Landing water was evident. 
They had reached Shore though 

1433
01:12:59,900 --> 01:13:02,900
whether they had traveled, two 
miles to Ajay island or 200 

1434
01:13:02,900 --> 01:13:05,400
yards in a circle back to 
Alcatraz would be determined 

1435
01:13:05,400 --> 01:13:07,500
when they could see their 
surroundings in daylight. 

1436
01:13:08,500 --> 01:13:10,500
Tracking the cells onto the 
beach, with the grace of 

1437
01:13:10,508 --> 01:13:13,000
exhausted. 
Seals three, men collapsed onto 

1438
01:13:13,000 --> 01:13:14,900
Solid Ground. 
For the first time in hours, 

1439
01:13:14,900 --> 01:13:18,000
there are Escape equipment. 
What remained of it was 

1440
01:13:18,000 --> 01:13:21,100
abandoned to the tide? 
Their prison uniforms were 

1441
01:13:21,100 --> 01:13:24,600
soaked torn and decorated with 
seaweed in ways that wouldn't 

1442
01:13:24,600 --> 01:13:28,000
have impressed any fashion 
critics, but they were alive on 

1443
01:13:28,000 --> 01:13:30,800
land and no longer. 
Inmates of Alcatraz Federal 

1444
01:13:30,800 --> 01:13:34,300
Penitentiary dornwood reveal 
their location and determine 

1445
01:13:34,300 --> 01:13:37,500
their next moves. 
Until then they lay on an 

1446
01:13:37,500 --> 01:13:40,500
unknown Beach watching the fog 
roll back across the bay, 

1447
01:13:40,500 --> 01:13:43,600
listening to the sound of waves 
that had carried them either to 

1448
01:13:43,600 --> 01:13:45,300
Freedom or to a different kind 
of captivity. 

1449
01:13:45,300 --> 01:13:47,800
The Pacific had rendered its 
verdict. 

1450
01:13:47,800 --> 01:13:51,400
That the final judgment remained
to be written by daylight luck 

1451
01:13:51,400 --> 01:13:54,400
and the ability of three 
exhausted fugitives to continue 

1452
01:13:54,400 --> 01:13:57,600
their improvised journey to 
wherever escaped convicts. 

1453
01:13:57,600 --> 01:13:58,900
Go. 
When the impossible becomes 

1454
01:13:58,900 --> 01:14:04,000
merely improbable Dawn arrived 
on June 12th 1962 with the cruel

1455
01:14:04,000 --> 01:14:06,600
Clarity that daylight brings to 
midnight decisions. 

1456
01:14:06,600 --> 01:14:09,300
Three men who had spent the 
night discovering where the 

1457
01:14:09,308 --> 01:14:10,700
desperation could overcome 
physics. 

1458
01:14:10,700 --> 01:14:13,200
Now face the mornings, harsh 
accounting of their aquatic 

1459
01:14:13,200 --> 01:14:17,100
Adventure, The beach beneath the
was real, the water behind them 

1460
01:14:17,100 --> 01:14:19,300
was real. 
That their location remained a 

1461
01:14:19,300 --> 01:14:22,100
mystery that would be sold by 
geography rather than hope. 

1462
01:14:23,200 --> 01:14:26,300
Frank Morris opened his eyes to 
find himself staring at a 

1463
01:14:26,300 --> 01:14:28,900
landscape that looked 
suspiciously like the California

1464
01:14:28,900 --> 01:14:31,600
coast though. 
Whether they had reached Angel 

1465
01:14:31,600 --> 01:14:35,100
Island returned to Alcatraz or 
washed up on some entirely 

1466
01:14:35,100 --> 01:14:37,400
different piece of real estate 
remained to be determined. 

1467
01:14:38,200 --> 01:14:41,100
His body ached with the specific
pain that comes from spending 

1468
01:14:41,100 --> 01:14:42,700
hours. 
In cold water, while wearing 

1469
01:14:42,700 --> 01:14:45,900
clothes, designed for indoor 
prison use rather than Maritime 

1470
01:14:45,900 --> 01:14:50,900
Adventures The brilliant escape 
plan so carefully crafted during

1471
01:14:50,900 --> 01:14:54,100
months of cell block 
conspiracies and deposited them 

1472
01:14:54,100 --> 01:14:55,700
on an unknown Shore with no 
equipment. 

1473
01:14:55,700 --> 01:14:59,200
No identification. 
And no clear idea of what to do 

1474
01:14:59,200 --> 01:15:01,500
next. 
The Anglin Brothers moved 

1475
01:15:01,500 --> 01:15:04,400
cautiously like men testing 
which parts of their body's 

1476
01:15:04,400 --> 01:15:06,900
still functioned after spending 
a night in the ocean. 

1477
01:15:07,800 --> 01:15:11,100
John's artistic talents. 
So useful for creating dummy, 

1478
01:15:11,100 --> 01:15:13,600
heads and fake walls. 
Seemed less applicable to their 

1479
01:15:13,600 --> 01:15:16,600
current situation which called 
for skills, more, commonly 

1480
01:15:16,600 --> 01:15:19,500
associated with survival 
training and creative forgery. 

1481
01:15:20,400 --> 01:15:22,800
Circumstances that had 
transcended, the predictable 

1482
01:15:22,800 --> 01:15:25,400
routine of prison life. 
Similarly challenged clarence's 

1483
01:15:25,400 --> 01:15:29,100
systematic approach to planning.
Their first priority was to 

1484
01:15:29,100 --> 01:15:32,700
pinpoint their location, a task 
that necessitated a level of 

1485
01:15:32,700 --> 01:15:35,100
urgency in their economists 
compared to their early 

1486
01:15:35,100 --> 01:15:38,300
intelligence gathering. 
If they had somehow managed to 

1487
01:15:38,300 --> 01:15:41,600
Circle back to Alcatraz, their 
escape attempt, would become a 

1488
01:15:41,600 --> 01:15:43,400
very short story with an unhappy
ending. 

1489
01:15:44,400 --> 01:15:46,800
If they had reached Angel 
Island, they would need to find 

1490
01:15:46,800 --> 01:15:49,400
a way off the island. 
Before Park Rangers or Coast 

1491
01:15:49,400 --> 01:15:50,400
Guard. 
Patrols discovered their 

1492
01:15:50,400 --> 01:15:52,400
presence. 
If they had been taken 

1493
01:15:52,400 --> 01:15:55,100
elsewhere, they would have to 
find their bearings and continue

1494
01:15:55,100 --> 01:15:58,400
their journey to Freedom. 
The coastline revealed itself as

1495
01:15:58,400 --> 01:16:02,000
they explored and the News was 
both good and problematic, they 

1496
01:16:02,000 --> 01:16:05,200
had indeed reached Angel Island,
their intended destination, 

1497
01:16:05,200 --> 01:16:07,800
which meant their navigation had
been more accurate than the 

1498
01:16:07,800 --> 01:16:10,400
conditions. 
Had suggested, however, Angel 

1499
01:16:10,400 --> 01:16:12,600
Island was not exactly a 
launching pad to Freedom. 

1500
01:16:12,600 --> 01:16:16,000
It was a state park regularly, 
patrolled and connected to the 

1501
01:16:16,000 --> 01:16:18,400
mainland only by ferry service. 
That required tickets 

1502
01:16:18,400 --> 01:16:22,500
identification and the kind of 
paperwork they were unlikely to 

1503
01:16:22,500 --> 01:16:26,400
possess but they were no longer 
inmates of Alcatraz which 

1504
01:16:26,400 --> 01:16:31,200
represented progress of a sort. 
Their legal status, had evolved 

1505
01:16:31,200 --> 01:16:35,100
from incarcerated to escaped 
fugitives, which was arguably an

1506
01:16:35,100 --> 01:16:38,300
improvement in terms of personal
autonomy, though it came with 

1507
01:16:38,300 --> 01:16:41,300
its set of challenges. 
The FBI would shortly. 

1508
01:16:41,300 --> 01:16:45,200
Be genuine Dolly interested in 
their whereabouts, US Marshals 

1509
01:16:45,200 --> 01:16:48,000
would be updating their wanted 
posters and every law 

1510
01:16:48,000 --> 01:16:50,900
enforcement agency in Northern 
California would be looking for 

1511
01:16:50,900 --> 01:16:53,500
three men, whose descriptions 
would be circulated with the 

1512
01:16:53,500 --> 01:16:56,900
efficiency of a chain letter. 
The immediate challenge was 

1513
01:16:56,900 --> 01:16:59,400
getting off Angel Island before 
their presence was discovered 

1514
01:16:59,400 --> 01:17:01,700
ferry service was out of the 
question. 

1515
01:17:01,700 --> 01:17:05,000
Swimming was no longer appealing
after their previous aquatic 

1516
01:17:05,000 --> 01:17:08,200
experience and commandeering a 
boat would add Maritime theft to

1517
01:17:08,200 --> 01:17:11,000
their growing list of federal 
charges, they needed 

1518
01:17:11,000 --> 01:17:13,700
transportation, that was both 
available and inconspicuous 

1519
01:17:13,700 --> 01:17:16,800
which narrowed their options to 
Creative Solutions, that would 

1520
01:17:16,800 --> 01:17:19,800
have tested the Ingenuity of a 
professional skate artist. 

1521
01:17:20,900 --> 01:17:23,500
Their prison uniforms had to be 
addressed before they could move

1522
01:17:23,500 --> 01:17:25,200
in public without attracting 
attention. 

1523
01:17:26,400 --> 01:17:28,700
The site of three men in 
drenched federal prison 

1524
01:17:28,700 --> 01:17:30,500
clothing. 
Was likely to spark curiosity, 

1525
01:17:30,500 --> 01:17:34,700
leading to calls to authorities 
in a swift end to their fleeting

1526
01:17:34,700 --> 01:17:37,300
moment of Freedom. 
They needed civilian clothes, 

1527
01:17:37,300 --> 01:17:40,200
which meant finding them through
methods that were available to 

1528
01:17:40,200 --> 01:17:43,700
escaped convicts with no money, 
no connections, and no 

1529
01:17:43,700 --> 01:17:47,400
legitimate means of acquisition.
The morning progressed with the 

1530
01:17:47,400 --> 01:17:50,100
methodical problem solving that 
had characterized their Escape 

1531
01:17:50,100 --> 01:17:53,300
Plan. 
Franks intelligents, John's 

1532
01:17:53,300 --> 01:17:56,600
creative resourcefulness and 
Clarence is systematic approach,

1533
01:17:56,600 --> 01:17:59,300
were applied to challenges that 
were immediate and practical 

1534
01:17:59,300 --> 01:18:04,700
food clothing, transportation, 
and avoiding recapture long 

1535
01:18:04,700 --> 01:18:07,500
enough to establish some kind of
sustainable existence outside 

1536
01:18:07,500 --> 01:18:11,100
Federal custody, but even as 
they plan their next moves, each

1537
01:18:11,100 --> 01:18:13,800
Manor, understood that their 
escape from Alcatraz was only 

1538
01:18:13,800 --> 01:18:15,500
the beginning of a much longer 
Journey. 

1539
01:18:16,200 --> 01:18:19,100
That the inescapable prison 
could be escaped. 

1540
01:18:19,800 --> 01:18:22,400
But they don't so committed 
themselves to lives as permanent

1541
01:18:22,400 --> 01:18:25,200
fugitives in a country where 
their faces would be known to 

1542
01:18:25,200 --> 01:18:27,800
every law enforcement officer 
from coast to coast. 

1543
01:18:28,700 --> 01:18:31,400
The morning sun illuminated, the
Paradox of their success 

1544
01:18:31,400 --> 01:18:34,600
warming, their salts stiffened 
clothes and revealing the 

1545
01:18:34,600 --> 01:18:38,200
California landscape and sharp 
detail they had achieved The 

1546
01:18:38,200 --> 01:18:41,100
Impossible. 
Escaping from Alcatraz Federal 

1547
01:18:41,100 --> 01:18:45,800
Penitentiary using improvised 
tools, handmade equipment and 

1548
01:18:45,800 --> 01:18:48,600
planning that had been conducted
entirely within the most secure 

1549
01:18:48,600 --> 01:18:51,900
prison in America yet their 
triumphs for delivered them, not

1550
01:18:51,900 --> 01:18:54,400
to free them, but to a different
kind of captivity. 

1551
01:18:54,400 --> 01:18:57,900
The hunted existence of men who 
could never again live under 

1552
01:18:57,900 --> 01:19:00,500
their names or returned to the 
places, they had known. 

1553
01:19:01,600 --> 01:19:04,100
As they prepared to leave Angel 
Island and begin the next 

1554
01:19:04,100 --> 01:19:06,300
chapter of their story. 
Three men stood at the 

1555
01:19:06,300 --> 01:19:09,600
intersection of Legend and 
reality they had become part of 

1556
01:19:09,600 --> 01:19:12,100
Alcatraz mythology. 
There are skate joining the 

1557
01:19:12,100 --> 01:19:14,700
animals of impossible 
achievements that Inspire others

1558
01:19:14,700 --> 01:19:17,800
to attempt the improbable but 
they had also learned that 

1559
01:19:17,800 --> 01:19:20,500
escaping from prison is only the
first step in a journey. 

1560
01:19:21,200 --> 01:19:22,800
That continues for the rest of 
their lives. 

1561
01:19:22,800 --> 01:19:27,400
However, long those lives might 
prove to be The Pacific Ocean 

1562
01:19:27,400 --> 01:19:30,600
which are tested their resolve 
and nearly claimed their lives 

1563
01:19:30,600 --> 01:19:33,600
stretched behind them like, a 
liquid barrier between their 

1564
01:19:33,600 --> 01:19:37,400
past and their future ahead, lay
the mainland, with its 

1565
01:19:37,400 --> 01:19:40,300
opportunities and dangers, its 
promise of freedom. 

1566
01:19:40,300 --> 01:19:44,600
And its guarantee of Perpetual 
Pursuit three men who had 

1567
01:19:44,600 --> 01:19:46,400
started. 
As inmates had become fugitives 

1568
01:19:46,400 --> 01:19:49,500
and their story was no longer 
about escaping from Alcatraz. 

1569
01:19:49,500 --> 01:19:52,300
It was about learning to live 
with the consequences of having 

1570
01:19:52,300 --> 01:19:55,600
done the impossible. where the 
Frank Morris and the Anglin 

1571
01:19:55,600 --> 01:19:59,100
Brothers survived their escape 
established new identities and 

1572
01:19:59,100 --> 01:20:01,800
lived out their days in 
Anonymous Freedom or whether 

1573
01:20:01,800 --> 01:20:04,900
they perished in the bay that 
night remains, one of America's 

1574
01:20:04,900 --> 01:20:11,300
most enduring Mysteries, On June
of 11th 1962 three men showed 

1575
01:20:11,300 --> 01:20:14,000
that even the most secure prison
is only as strong as the 

1576
01:20:14,000 --> 01:20:17,300
imagination of those. 
It seeks to contain a 

1577
01:20:17,300 --> 01:20:20,500
transformed themselves from 
criminals into legends from 

1578
01:20:20,500 --> 01:20:24,000
prisoners into symbols of the 
Eternal human desire to be free.

1579
01:20:25,000 --> 01:20:27,200
And somewhere in the Morning, 
Mist rolling off, San Francisco 

1580
01:20:27,200 --> 01:20:30,700
Bay their story continues, not 
as history. 

1581
01:20:30,700 --> 01:20:34,300
But as possibility, not as fact 
that as the kind of truth that 

1582
01:20:34,300 --> 01:20:37,700
grows stronger with each telling
reminding us that sometimes the 

1583
01:20:37,700 --> 01:20:40,300
most impossible Dreams of the 
ones most worth pursuing. 

1584
01:20:48,800 --> 01:20:52,600
Aaron Burr was born on February 
6th 1756 in Newark. 

1585
01:20:52,600 --> 01:20:56,200
New Jersey into a renowned 
family that promised a life full

1586
01:20:56,200 --> 01:20:59,300
of amazing chances. 
His maternal grandfather was 

1587
01:20:59,300 --> 01:21:02,300
Jonathan Edwards. 
A well-known Theologian and his 

1588
01:21:02,300 --> 01:21:04,700
father was the College of New 
Jersey's second president. 

1589
01:21:05,500 --> 01:21:08,600
When Burr was only two years 
old, both of his parents died. 

1590
01:21:08,600 --> 01:21:11,700
First his father, then his 
mother leaving him and his 

1591
01:21:11,700 --> 01:21:15,700
sister orphans and reared by 
fabulous relatives, such sorrow.

1592
01:21:15,700 --> 01:21:18,200
At a young age, could have 
crushed a less Hardy personality

1593
01:21:18,200 --> 01:21:21,400
but it fostered Birds 
Independence and desire to 

1594
01:21:21,400 --> 01:21:23,600
identify himself Beyond parental
Expectations. 

1595
01:21:23,600 --> 01:21:26,900
First showed extraordinary 
intelligence in his early teens,

1596
01:21:26,900 --> 01:21:30,500
he enrolled at the College of 
New Jersey and demonstrated an 

1597
01:21:30,500 --> 01:21:33,600
interest in classical studies 
and debate his peers. 

1598
01:21:33,600 --> 01:21:36,600
Described him as intense 
charismatic, yet a little 

1599
01:21:36,608 --> 01:21:38,900
distant while many future 
statement. 

1600
01:21:38,900 --> 01:21:43,300
Focus solely on speech Burr. 
Quietly mastered logic and moral

1601
01:21:43,300 --> 01:21:46,500
philosophy, gaining insights. 
That would eventually guide him 

1602
01:21:46,500 --> 01:21:48,300
through the Maze of political 
power. 

1603
01:21:48,300 --> 01:21:50,400
He wasn't just a bookish 
prodigy. 

1604
01:21:50,400 --> 01:21:53,700
He also enjoyed socialising and 
made friends with students who 

1605
01:21:53,700 --> 01:21:57,300
noticed his quick wit, however, 
kept his deeper intentions 

1606
01:21:57,300 --> 01:22:01,000
private. 
Bird graduated at the premature 

1607
01:22:01,000 --> 01:22:03,400
age of 16 and 1st pursued, 
theology. 

1608
01:22:04,200 --> 01:22:07,200
He studied with several pastors 
attempting to balance his 

1609
01:22:07,200 --> 01:22:09,200
intellectual rigor and spiritual
further. 

1610
01:22:09,200 --> 01:22:13,300
However, he regarded organized 
religion as excessively limiting

1611
01:22:13,300 --> 01:22:16,600
and he was wary of accepting 
dogmas without proof. 

1612
01:22:17,400 --> 01:22:20,000
His Restless intellect. 
Wanted a vocation that provided 

1613
01:22:20,000 --> 01:22:22,700
both Challenge and the prospect 
of global success. 

1614
01:22:23,600 --> 01:22:27,000
After studying with Dr. Joseph 
Bellamy gave up on the idea of 

1615
01:22:27,000 --> 01:22:30,300
becoming a minister Laura 
appeared, more substantial and 

1616
01:22:30,300 --> 01:22:33,000
open-ended a field in which 
Ingenuity and compelling, 

1617
01:22:33,000 --> 01:22:37,500
argument might change Fortunes 
in an instant, but first Destiny

1618
01:22:37,500 --> 01:22:40,600
beckoned him to an entirely 
different Arena, the war. 

1619
01:22:41,400 --> 01:22:44,300
The American colonies would 
drawing closer to open conflict 

1620
01:22:44,300 --> 01:22:48,300
with Britain. 
And 1775 Burr was attracted by 

1621
01:22:48,300 --> 01:22:51,800
the Thunder of muskets and the 
swirl of patriotic discourse at 

1622
01:22:51,800 --> 01:22:54,300
the age of 19. 
He joined Benedict, Arnold's 

1623
01:22:54,300 --> 01:22:58,400
expedition to Quebec a perilous 
journey across the Maine Woods 

1624
01:22:58,400 --> 01:23:02,400
aimed undermining British power 
in Canada, The Argus marched 

1625
01:23:02,400 --> 01:23:04,300
tested every ounce of birds 
fortitude. 

1626
01:23:04,300 --> 01:23:08,200
Many men faltered in frigid 
temperatures but bear persevered

1627
01:23:08,200 --> 01:23:11,300
demonstrating a tenaciousness 
that pleased his superiors. 

1628
01:23:11,300 --> 01:23:15,600
Although the campaign failed to 
seize Quebec burst established a

1629
01:23:15,600 --> 01:23:17,400
reputation for bravery, in the 
face of adversity. 

1630
01:23:17,400 --> 01:23:20,200
He was even reported to have 
carried wounded, General 

1631
01:23:20,200 --> 01:23:22,400
Richard. 
Montgomery off the field of the 

1632
01:23:22,408 --> 01:23:27,200
exact specifics are unclear. 
Throughout the revolution bird. 

1633
01:23:27,200 --> 01:23:30,000
Distinguished himself in the 
Continental Army, temporarily 

1634
01:23:30,000 --> 01:23:32,500
served as an aide to General 
George Washington that the two 

1635
01:23:32,500 --> 01:23:36,400
disagreed Washington's quiet 
character clashed with birds 

1636
01:23:36,400 --> 01:23:39,208
more daring attitude but thought
the commander-in-chief to be 

1637
01:23:39,216 --> 01:23:41,800
overly cautious. 
Afraid to undertake dramatic 

1638
01:23:41,800 --> 01:23:43,500
movements that he believed would
hasten. 

1639
01:23:43,500 --> 01:23:46,300
The end of the war. 
Burrs military. 

1640
01:23:46,300 --> 01:23:49,000
Career was unaffected by his 
resignation from Washington 

1641
01:23:49,000 --> 01:23:51,800
staff. 
He continued to serve in various

1642
01:23:51,800 --> 01:23:55,200
positions, eventually commanding
a unit at the Battle of Monmouth

1643
01:23:55,200 --> 01:23:59,900
in 1778, harsh surroundings and 
never-ending demands weighed on 

1644
01:23:59,900 --> 01:24:04,400
him and in 1779 health, issues, 
caused him to leave active duty.

1645
01:24:05,400 --> 01:24:08,900
Still, by the time, the guns 
went silent Burton, demonstrated

1646
01:24:08,900 --> 01:24:10,300
that he was neither a timid 
thinker. 

1647
01:24:10,300 --> 01:24:13,700
And Norman of words, After 
experiencing, both wartime 

1648
01:24:13,700 --> 01:24:17,100
heroism and the sting of near 
constant friction, the 

1649
01:24:17,100 --> 01:24:18,900
redirected his energy into the 
lore. 

1650
01:24:18,900 --> 01:24:22,500
Postwar America was brimming 
with chances for ambitious young

1651
01:24:22,500 --> 01:24:24,700
men and Burr was eager to take 
them. 

1652
01:24:24,700 --> 01:24:27,700
He studied in the offices of 
well, known lawyers in New York.

1653
01:24:27,700 --> 01:24:30,900
Soon, as establishing himself as
bright detail-oriented. 

1654
01:24:30,900 --> 01:24:36,000
And practical by 17802, he had 
married Theodosia Prevost a 

1655
01:24:36,000 --> 01:24:38,600
widow with academic interests 
that suited his desire for 

1656
01:24:38,608 --> 01:24:41,100
discourse. 
The connection would quite 

1657
01:24:41,100 --> 01:24:44,600
quietly shape, Buzz, world view,
Theodosia supported, his Legal, 

1658
01:24:44,600 --> 01:24:46,300
Professional and gave emotional 
stability. 

1659
01:24:46,300 --> 01:24:49,400
Which was sometimes lacking in a
post-war milieux. 

1660
01:24:50,800 --> 01:24:54,200
Before relocating to New York 
City, Burr practice law. 

1661
01:24:54,200 --> 01:24:58,500
In Albany after receiving his 
borrowed mission in 1782, his 

1662
01:24:58,500 --> 01:25:02,100
legal knowledge combined, with 
an unassuming charm made him an 

1663
01:25:02,100 --> 01:25:04,800
effective advocate. 
He took on high-profile cases, 

1664
01:25:04,800 --> 01:25:08,300
representing both wealthy 
merchants and underdogs and 

1665
01:25:08,300 --> 01:25:12,100
created fascinating narratives. 
That wow, juries bursley legal 

1666
01:25:12,100 --> 01:25:14,400
accomplishment, paved the 
groundwork for his political 

1667
01:25:14,400 --> 01:25:17,800
career, the nascent Republic 
needed voices that understood 

1668
01:25:17,800 --> 01:25:21,800
both the law and the delicate 
balance of power Berber 

1669
01:25:21,800 --> 01:25:23,100
believed. 
He could shape that Dynamic to 

1670
01:25:23,100 --> 01:25:26,400
his advantage and he reasoned 
the nation's as well. 

1671
01:25:27,500 --> 01:25:31,000
With the walls Echo still Vivid 
in public memory, verse set out 

1672
01:25:31,000 --> 01:25:33,400
on a voyage that would take him 
to the Pinnacles of American 

1673
01:25:33,400 --> 01:25:35,400
politics, as well as its lowest 
depths. 

1674
01:25:36,500 --> 01:25:40,800
By the late 1780s, New York's 
political scene of change, the 

1675
01:25:40,800 --> 01:25:43,500
various factions competing for 
power in the new United States. 

1676
01:25:43,500 --> 01:25:48,300
Aaron Burr navigated, a sea of 
alliances making subtle contacts

1677
01:25:48,300 --> 01:25:51,100
behind the scenes. 
Little regard for Grand 

1678
01:25:51,100 --> 01:25:53,800
ideological speeches. 
You viewed Politics as focused 

1679
01:25:53,800 --> 01:25:57,300
on practical arrangements and 
mutual benefit some co-workers 

1680
01:25:57,300 --> 01:26:00,400
appreciated his focus on results
While others called him 

1681
01:26:00,400 --> 01:26:03,700
opportunistic. 
Burr's strategy, propelled him 

1682
01:26:03,700 --> 01:26:07,500
forward quickly in 1789. 
He first entered formal office 

1683
01:26:07,500 --> 01:26:10,000
when Governor George Clinton 
appointed him as the state's 

1684
01:26:10,000 --> 01:26:14,000
attorney, general, be the role 
seriously Prosecuting crimes and

1685
01:26:14,000 --> 01:26:17,800
enhancing the legal system, 
political gossip not legal 

1686
01:26:17,800 --> 01:26:21,400
progress, kept him in the 
spotlight, but kept his opinions

1687
01:26:21,400 --> 01:26:24,800
on the Federal Constitution to 
himself seldom, engaging in the 

1688
01:26:24,800 --> 01:26:26,700
intense conflicts between 
Federalists and 

1689
01:26:26,700 --> 01:26:28,900
Anti-Federalists. 
Such Behavior. 

1690
01:26:28,900 --> 01:26:32,700
Kept him mysterious a friend to 
both sides yet loyal to neither.

1691
01:26:32,700 --> 01:26:37,000
The strategy was wise though. 
Controversial among purists 

1692
01:26:37,000 --> 01:26:41,600
seeking unwavering loyalty to 
one Camp bows in popularity led 

1693
01:26:41,600 --> 01:26:45,900
to his election to the senate in
1791 where he defeated incumbent

1694
01:26:45,900 --> 01:26:50,400
Philip Schuyler Hamilton was 
alarmed by bears, rise seeing it

1695
01:26:50,400 --> 01:26:53,600
as a direct threat. 
Hamilton supported strong 

1696
01:26:53,600 --> 01:26:56,800
financial systems for the 
nation, such as a federal bank 

1697
01:26:56,800 --> 01:27:00,200
and centralized fiscal policy. 
The questioned Hamilton's 

1698
01:27:00,200 --> 01:27:03,100
concentration of authority 
without directly opposing these 

1699
01:27:03,100 --> 01:27:05,400
actions. 
They're acknowledged states 

1700
01:27:05,400 --> 01:27:08,200
rights to an extent, but 
emphasized, personal Liberty, 

1701
01:27:08,200 --> 01:27:12,100
the specialty, his own, the 
animosity between the two men, 

1702
01:27:12,100 --> 01:27:15,500
grew gradually hidden behind the
formality of legislative 

1703
01:27:15,500 --> 01:27:19,400
procedures Bergen recognition in
the senate for his subtle and 

1704
01:27:19,400 --> 01:27:21,900
effective speeches. 
He seldom gave long speeches. 

1705
01:27:21,900 --> 01:27:24,600
Favoring quick points to sway 
undecided members. 

1706
01:27:24,600 --> 01:27:28,300
He built cross-party coalitions 
confusing colleagues who 

1707
01:27:28,308 --> 01:27:30,500
insisted on taking sides in the 
Federalist. 

1708
01:27:30,500 --> 01:27:33,200
Republican divided as Coalition 
building skills. 

1709
01:27:33,200 --> 01:27:36,800
Terrified Hamilton further Burr 
returned to New York when not in

1710
01:27:36,800 --> 01:27:39,400
session. 
Expanding his legal practice and

1711
01:27:39,400 --> 01:27:42,400
maintaining contacts, the kept 
him a prominent figure in City 

1712
01:27:42,400 --> 01:27:44,500
politics. 
The personal life changed 

1713
01:27:44,500 --> 01:27:47,800
significantly Burr was left tort
after the death of his wife, 

1714
01:27:47,800 --> 01:27:52,800
Theodosia Prevost and 1794. 
They had a daughter Theodosia 

1715
01:27:52,800 --> 01:27:57,500
born in 1783 Berk concentrated, 
his emotional energy on her 

1716
01:27:57,500 --> 01:27:59,800
education. 
He thought women's intellectual 

1717
01:27:59,800 --> 01:28:02,800
abilities were undervalued, so 
he took charge of her stutters 

1718
01:28:02,800 --> 01:28:06,200
exposing her to literature 
geography and philosophy. 

1719
01:28:06,200 --> 01:28:09,200
Burr's, father, daughter 
relationship was a key in 

1720
01:28:09,200 --> 01:28:11,200
Florence. 
In his life shaping, his 

1721
01:28:11,200 --> 01:28:14,400
Progressive views on women's 
roles which were rare among his 

1722
01:28:14,400 --> 01:28:18,900
peers in the late 1790s Bears. 
Political fortunes varied 

1723
01:28:18,900 --> 01:28:23,100
prominent politicians, 
overshadowed him in 1797, and he

1724
01:28:23,100 --> 01:28:25,600
lost his Senate. 
Re-election leveraged his 

1725
01:28:25,600 --> 01:28:28,700
Network in New York's Tammany 
Hall, which was evolving into a 

1726
01:28:28,708 --> 01:28:32,100
powerful political machine. 
Spurs early involvement with 

1727
01:28:32,100 --> 01:28:35,300
Tammany focused on Grassroots 
organizing despite the group's 

1728
01:28:35,300 --> 01:28:36,700
later association with 
corruption. 

1729
01:28:37,400 --> 01:28:40,300
He understood that mobilizing 
regular voters instead of 

1730
01:28:40,308 --> 01:28:43,800
seeking approval from Elites was
essential for gaining power. 

1731
01:28:44,700 --> 01:28:47,300
This focus on widespread 
involvement distinguished him. 

1732
01:28:47,300 --> 01:28:51,000
From many Federalists who viewed
democracy as a fragile issue. 

1733
01:28:51,000 --> 01:28:54,000
Best managed by property. 
Owning Elites as the 1800 

1734
01:28:54,000 --> 01:28:58,000
election neared first ties with 
Democratic Republicans specially

1735
01:28:58,000 --> 01:29:01,300
Thomas Jefferson strengthened 
the Federalists were falling 

1736
01:29:01,300 --> 01:29:03,300
apart. 
And John Adams administration 

1737
01:29:03,300 --> 01:29:07,100
had lost its appeal. 
The quietly secured Jefferson's 

1738
01:29:07,100 --> 01:29:10,200
electoral votes in New York, 
orchestrating, a surprising 

1739
01:29:10,200 --> 01:29:12,300
upset through the city's, 
crucial vote block. 

1740
01:29:13,000 --> 01:29:15,300
Burr was in line for the vice 
president sea. 

1741
01:29:15,300 --> 01:29:20,200
But an unusual constitutional 
Quirk arose Jefferson and Burr 

1742
01:29:20,200 --> 01:29:23,500
tied in the Electoral College. 
Hamilton intervened in a 

1743
01:29:23,500 --> 01:29:26,100
LinkedIn house debate, 
convincing Federalists to 

1744
01:29:26,100 --> 01:29:29,800
support Jefferson over there. 
Hamilton dislike Jefferson's 

1745
01:29:29,800 --> 01:29:32,400
politics but loathed by more 
seeing him. 

1746
01:29:32,400 --> 01:29:36,000
As on principled and 
unscrupulous, jeffersson won the

1747
01:29:36,000 --> 01:29:39,800
president C and bourbon vice 
president, that the affair left 

1748
01:29:39,800 --> 01:29:44,100
a lasting impact betrayed 
believing, Hamilton's actions 

1749
01:29:44,100 --> 01:29:46,500
damaged. 
His reputation, the idea of 

1750
01:29:46,500 --> 01:29:50,500
Honor crucial in early American 
politics, ultimately resulted in

1751
01:29:50,500 --> 01:29:54,700
a disaster conflict. 
Fur played the second man and 

1752
01:29:54,700 --> 01:29:56,600
certain of his influence in 
Jefferson's administration. 

1753
01:29:57,900 --> 01:30:00,300
The vice presidency then was not
a route to fame. 

1754
01:30:00,300 --> 01:30:03,400
Burr, presides over the Senate, 
but plays a minimal role in 

1755
01:30:03,400 --> 01:30:06,900
executive decisions. 
Jefferson was wary of Burrs 

1756
01:30:06,900 --> 01:30:09,700
ambition and maintained distance
from him Burr. 

1757
01:30:09,700 --> 01:30:12,400
As presiding officer of the 
Senate chamber showed remarkable

1758
01:30:12,400 --> 01:30:15,400
fairness earning praise from his
ideological opponents. 

1759
01:30:15,400 --> 01:30:19,300
The largest stage called Rumours
of a Governor's run in New York 

1760
01:30:19,300 --> 01:30:21,400
or other high positions, fueled 
Bears ambition. 

1761
01:30:22,500 --> 01:30:26,000
Aaron Burr. 
Vice president from 1801 to 1805

1762
01:30:26,000 --> 01:30:30,100
viewed, his formal duties as 
limited after defeating the 

1763
01:30:30,100 --> 01:30:33,100
Federalists Thomas Jefferson 
excluded burr from the main 

1764
01:30:33,100 --> 01:30:36,400
group that influenced policy. 
The president chose a cabinet 

1765
01:30:36,400 --> 01:30:39,600
that matched his vision allowing
Bert to preside over the Senate 

1766
01:30:39,600 --> 01:30:43,300
with notable calmness and 
fairness for an ambitious man. 

1767
01:30:43,300 --> 01:30:46,600
Being a polite referee during 
legislative session felt a 

1768
01:30:46,608 --> 01:30:49,000
pressive Buzz resentment grew 
gradually. 

1769
01:30:49,000 --> 01:30:52,600
He invested great effort in 
ensuring Jefferson's success, 

1770
01:30:52,600 --> 01:30:56,900
but gained little in political 
rewards, Jefferson Circle 

1771
01:30:56,900 --> 01:31:00,400
influence by Madison and others.
Opposed Birds. 

1772
01:31:00,400 --> 01:31:03,600
Flexible Partnerships, a viewed 
him as a political chameleon 

1773
01:31:03,600 --> 01:31:06,600
prioritizing personal gain over 
intellectual beliefs. 

1774
01:31:07,300 --> 01:31:10,100
Per viewed unwavering parts and 
ship as unwise. 

1775
01:31:10,100 --> 01:31:12,900
You believe the Republic 
prospered When leaders work 

1776
01:31:12,900 --> 01:31:16,700
together across factions. 
The ideological divide deepened 

1777
01:31:16,700 --> 01:31:21,100
in 1804 were aimed for the New 
York governorship leaving this 

1778
01:31:21,100 --> 01:31:24,000
influential role would restore 
his National prominence. 

1779
01:31:24,900 --> 01:31:28,400
The race was full of intrigue 
birth faced tough competition 

1780
01:31:28,400 --> 01:31:30,800
from Morgan Lewis supported by 
Dewitt Clinton. 

1781
01:31:30,800 --> 01:31:33,900
The notable nephew of Governor, 
George Clinton, and Alexander 

1782
01:31:33,900 --> 01:31:37,400
Hamilton's group Hamilton, stood
prominently against Burrs 

1783
01:31:37,400 --> 01:31:40,000
candidacy Hamilton, portrayed 
Burr as a power. 

1784
01:31:40,000 --> 01:31:42,500
Hungry individual, who found it 
difficult to manage a municipal 

1785
01:31:42,500 --> 01:31:47,600
Council, let alone a state Bird 
was appalled Burrell lost the 

1786
01:31:47,600 --> 01:31:50,400
race significantly felt worse 
than a political failure. 

1787
01:31:50,400 --> 01:31:54,200
It seemed like a personal 
betrayal, by Hamilton Rumours 

1788
01:31:54,200 --> 01:31:57,000
emerged that Hamilton made 
negative remarks about Burr at 

1789
01:31:57,000 --> 01:32:01,200
private dinners, describing him 
as morally, corrupt, the worried

1790
01:32:01,200 --> 01:32:03,000
they had a reply damaged, his 
reputation. 

1791
01:32:04,300 --> 01:32:07,400
Bursts or dual is the soul means
to restore his honor in that 

1792
01:32:07,400 --> 01:32:10,800
era, though, it may seem odd. 
Now, for many Americans in the 

1793
01:32:10,808 --> 01:32:14,200
18th century, the man's honor 
was like vital currency 

1794
01:32:14,200 --> 01:32:18,400
essential for engaging in public
life Burr challenged Hamilton to

1795
01:32:18,400 --> 01:32:22,300
a duel in the summer of 1804. 
The men negotiated details 

1796
01:32:22,300 --> 01:32:25,600
through intermediaries adhering 
to the conventions of the time 

1797
01:32:25,600 --> 01:32:29,600
on July 11th 1804. 
They met at Weehawken. 

1798
01:32:29,600 --> 01:32:33,500
New Jersey, a secluded spot on 
the Palisades of the Hudson 

1799
01:32:33,500 --> 01:32:35,500
River. 
Some versions suggest that 

1800
01:32:35,500 --> 01:32:37,500
Hamilton meant to throw away his
shot. 

1801
01:32:37,500 --> 01:32:41,200
Indicating he would 
intentionally Miss hoping Burr 

1802
01:32:41,200 --> 01:32:44,500
would do the same furloughed. 
He thought Hamilton was aiming 

1803
01:32:44,500 --> 01:32:47,800
to kill as the smoke cleared a 
bullet. 

1804
01:32:47,800 --> 01:32:53,400
Hit Hamilton in the abdomen. 
Killing him Burr unharmed turned

1805
01:32:53,400 --> 01:32:55,200
into a fugitive in the Public's 
eye. 

1806
01:32:55,200 --> 01:32:58,500
Hamilton's death the following 
day, ignited widespread 

1807
01:32:58,500 --> 01:33:02,200
condemnation, fur face, murder 
incitements in New York and New 

1808
01:33:02,200 --> 01:33:05,800
Jersey that the Chargers were 
never pursued the tragedy 

1809
01:33:05,800 --> 01:33:08,400
overshadowed any details, 
reasoning for their hostility, 

1810
01:33:08,400 --> 01:33:12,100
the public largely backed 
Hamilton The Federalist Papers 

1811
01:33:12,100 --> 01:33:15,200
lauded him as a brilliant 
politician, hindered by a Vane 

1812
01:33:15,200 --> 01:33:17,900
Rivals. 
Political prospects fell apart, 

1813
01:33:17,900 --> 01:33:21,500
Jefferson explicitly, barred him
from any further participation 

1814
01:33:21,500 --> 01:33:24,300
in the government, newspapers, 
labeled him a murderer. 

1815
01:33:25,000 --> 01:33:28,500
Even those who once admired his 
intelligence or heroism, the 

1816
01:33:28,500 --> 01:33:31,700
distance themselves Burke 
completed his vice-presidency. 

1817
01:33:31,700 --> 01:33:34,900
Eager to salvage. 
What he could get the dual 

1818
01:33:34,900 --> 01:33:36,600
loomed over the painful 
conclusion. 

1819
01:33:37,400 --> 01:33:39,800
That the final Senate session. 
He delivered a heartfelt, 

1820
01:33:39,800 --> 01:33:42,400
goodbye message. 
That brought some Senators to 

1821
01:33:42,408 --> 01:33:45,900
tears. 
Yet, dignity and language, could

1822
01:33:45,900 --> 01:33:47,700
not erase the mark of Hamilton's
death. 

1823
01:33:47,700 --> 01:33:51,200
The found himself adrift after 
his departure from office in 

1824
01:33:51,200 --> 01:33:53,800
1805. 
He was left without a public 

1825
01:33:53,808 --> 01:33:56,800
office consistent support or a 
good reputation. 

1826
01:33:56,800 --> 01:33:59,600
He tried to manage his 
increasing debts. 

1827
01:33:59,600 --> 01:34:03,100
Some suggested, he returned to 
practice for the incident left, 

1828
01:34:03,100 --> 01:34:05,700
high profile clients weary, some
believed. 

1829
01:34:05,700 --> 01:34:07,400
He could move to Europe for a 
new beginning. 

1830
01:34:08,200 --> 01:34:11,500
Bert adopted, a bold strategy, 
exploring the American frontier 

1831
01:34:11,500 --> 01:34:15,700
for new political opportunities.
Journeyed West connecting with 

1832
01:34:15,700 --> 01:34:18,300
Frontier leaders and exploring 
the Ohio and Mississippi 

1833
01:34:18,300 --> 01:34:20,900
valleys. 
The Louisiana Purchase opened 

1834
01:34:20,900 --> 01:34:23,200
vast. 
Territories igniting talks of 

1835
01:34:23,200 --> 01:34:26,100
new states or possibly 
independent nations. 

1836
01:34:26,100 --> 01:34:29,600
From Spanish lands burs motives 
are still up for debate. 

1837
01:34:29,600 --> 01:34:32,600
Some believe he aimed to occupy 
these regions legally. 

1838
01:34:32,600 --> 01:34:35,800
While others claim he sought to 
incite revolt and create a new 

1839
01:34:35,808 --> 01:34:39,900
Empire Burr always enigmatic 
revealed little about his 

1840
01:34:39,900 --> 01:34:42,200
ultimate goal. 
He built connections with 

1841
01:34:42,200 --> 01:34:44,700
influential frontiersmen like 
General James Wilkinson. 

1842
01:34:44,700 --> 01:34:48,700
The governor of the Louisiana 
Territory and a US Army Officer.

1843
01:34:49,700 --> 01:34:52,700
Beer recognized the potential in
leading, a private expedition to

1844
01:34:52,700 --> 01:34:54,700
benefit from the southwestern 
Frontier. 

1845
01:34:54,700 --> 01:34:59,500
Whispers circulated back East, 
was the disgraced former vice 

1846
01:34:59,500 --> 01:35:03,300
president scheming against the 
United States, Federal officials

1847
01:35:03,300 --> 01:35:05,800
found cryptic notes. 
Suggesting suspicious motives 

1848
01:35:05,800 --> 01:35:09,000
Jefferson. 
Not a friend of Burr, had to 

1849
01:35:09,008 --> 01:35:12,800
carry out an investigation. 
A dramatic legal spectacle was 

1850
01:35:12,800 --> 01:35:15,800
poised to challenge the nation's
views on treason and explore the

1851
01:35:15,800 --> 01:35:18,600
limits of personal ambition. 
Burr. 

1852
01:35:18,600 --> 01:35:20,500
Moved ahead. 
Sure of his cleverness. 

1853
01:35:21,300 --> 01:35:24,400
Bolivia, his next step would 
thrust him from political Exile 

1854
01:35:24,400 --> 01:35:27,500
into a web of conspiracy trials 
that endangered his life. 

1855
01:35:28,500 --> 01:35:32,200
Between 1805 and 1807. 
Aaron Burr traversed. 

1856
01:35:32,200 --> 01:35:34,100
The Western border with a covid 
agenda. 

1857
01:35:34,700 --> 01:35:37,900
He spent time near the Ohio 
River negotiating for land. 

1858
01:35:37,900 --> 01:35:41,100
And speaking with militia 
officials Buzz critic said, he 

1859
01:35:41,100 --> 01:35:43,900
planned to conquer Spanish land 
along the southwestern border 

1860
01:35:43,900 --> 01:35:47,200
and establish a new Empire with 
himself at the helm. 

1861
01:35:47,200 --> 01:35:50,600
Others said he planned to push 
several western states or 

1862
01:35:50,600 --> 01:35:53,800
territories to copyright from 
the union establishing, a 

1863
01:35:53,800 --> 01:35:57,800
breakaway Republic, burp, spoke 
cryptically addressing great 

1864
01:35:57,800 --> 01:36:00,700
undertaking and confiding only 
in close Pals. 

1865
01:36:00,700 --> 01:36:04,900
To sum his words of Oak. 
Division of Fame and money to 

1866
01:36:04,900 --> 01:36:06,500
others. 
They smelled of blatant 

1867
01:36:06,500 --> 01:36:11,100
treachery James Wilkinson, the 
US Army Officer governor of the 

1868
01:36:11,100 --> 01:36:14,500
Louisiana Territory and known 
double dealer was at the center 

1869
01:36:14,500 --> 01:36:18,800
of his scam and Wilkinson 
communicated in coded messages 

1870
01:36:18,800 --> 01:36:22,100
about Army movements resources 
and potential alliances. 

1871
01:36:22,100 --> 01:36:25,700
Their expected will consult to 
gather recruits for an 

1872
01:36:25,700 --> 01:36:28,600
expedition design. 
Clear whether the Expeditions 

1873
01:36:28,600 --> 01:36:31,800
goal was to liberate Spanish 
World Mexico or to seize 

1874
01:36:31,800 --> 01:36:35,800
American land. 
Regardless Bears plant use Armed

1875
01:36:35,800 --> 01:36:38,300
Force for personal gain crossed,
a dangerous boundary. 

1876
01:36:39,100 --> 01:36:41,800
President, Thomas Jefferson 
urged authorities to closely 

1877
01:36:41,800 --> 01:36:44,800
monitor the situation after 
hearing increasingly disturbing 

1878
01:36:44,800 --> 01:36:49,300
Rumors in October 1806 were 
assembled, a small Fleet on the 

1879
01:36:49,308 --> 01:36:53,200
Ohio River Laden with men, 
provisions and dubious 

1880
01:36:53,200 --> 01:36:55,600
intentions. 
He led them South toward the 

1881
01:36:55,600 --> 01:36:59,900
Mississippi, Public concern grew
if Burr actually intended to hit

1882
01:36:59,900 --> 01:37:02,700
Spanish territory, it could 
spark an international crisis. 

1883
01:37:02,700 --> 01:37:06,000
If he collaborated against the 
United States, it was sheer 

1884
01:37:06,000 --> 01:37:08,200
treason. 
The disaster peaked. 

1885
01:37:08,200 --> 01:37:13,000
When Wilkinson always eager to 
rescue himself, disavowed Burr, 

1886
01:37:13,000 --> 01:37:16,300
and sent dispatches to Jefferson
picking Burr as a conspirator. 

1887
01:37:17,300 --> 01:37:20,000
Berkeley discovered that Lauren 
forcement was on to him. 

1888
01:37:21,200 --> 01:37:25,700
Her was caught in January 1807. 
And what is now Alabama, having 

1889
01:37:25,700 --> 01:37:27,900
been deceived by individuals, he
had formerly considered 

1890
01:37:27,900 --> 01:37:30,700
supporters. 
He had just a small band of 

1891
01:37:30,700 --> 01:37:32,900
supporters left arrest, having 
dispersed. 

1892
01:37:32,900 --> 01:37:36,600
When the Expedition lost Pace 
under protection, endured a 

1893
01:37:36,600 --> 01:37:38,300
perilous Journey Back East to 
face charges. 

1894
01:37:38,300 --> 01:37:41,600
The journey was humiliating. 
He had been honored as a 

1895
01:37:41,600 --> 01:37:44,300
military hero and vice 
president, but now he was 

1896
01:37:44,308 --> 01:37:46,600
paraded around. 
Dusty Frontier in the 

1897
01:37:46,608 --> 01:37:49,600
communities as a criminal 
suspect, when he finally arrived

1898
01:37:49,600 --> 01:37:53,400
in Richmond, Virginia, he was 
invited for treason and hi, Mr. 

1899
01:37:53,400 --> 01:37:56,400
Mina The subsequent trial of 
Aaron Burr. 

1900
01:37:56,400 --> 01:37:58,400
In 1807 was a national 
spectacle. 

1901
01:37:59,400 --> 01:38:02,400
The Constitution defines treason
as Waging War against the United

1902
01:38:02,400 --> 01:38:04,300
States are assisting its 
enemies. 

1903
01:38:04,300 --> 01:38:07,600
And it requires two witnesses to
the same overt Act. 

1904
01:38:08,300 --> 01:38:11,000
In the prosecution against Burr.
The government struggled, to 

1905
01:38:11,000 --> 01:38:13,700
provide direct evidence that he 
had really fought in the War. 

1906
01:38:13,700 --> 01:38:16,600
They had reams of letters 
hinting at mischief and 

1907
01:38:16,600 --> 01:38:19,900
testimonies from turncoat, 
collaborators, but no clear 

1908
01:38:19,900 --> 01:38:23,500
evidence of a definite plan to 
break off territory or confront 

1909
01:38:23,500 --> 01:38:28,900
US forces Chief Justice, John. 
As a as a Circuit Judge Marshal 

1910
01:38:28,900 --> 01:38:31,700
insisted on strict, adherence to
the Constitutional requirements 

1911
01:38:31,700 --> 01:38:35,200
for treason martial stance in 
furiated President. 

1912
01:38:35,200 --> 01:38:39,700
Jefferson and demanded Speedy 
retribution. 

1913
01:38:41,000 --> 01:38:45,100
The trials drama captivated, the
Young Nation every day, scores 

1914
01:38:45,100 --> 01:38:47,500
of people lawyers and 
journalists jammed. 

1915
01:38:47,500 --> 01:38:51,800
The courtroom Burr, these 
typical cool attitude, served 

1916
01:38:51,800 --> 01:38:54,700
nearly as co-counsel in his 
defense meticulously 

1917
01:38:54,700 --> 01:38:56,500
scrutinizing Witnesses and 
evidence. 

1918
01:38:57,500 --> 01:39:00,400
Mock the concept that Frontier 
gathering's or ambiguous 

1919
01:39:00,400 --> 01:39:05,200
conversation, constituted trees 
and most he contended, he could 

1920
01:39:05,200 --> 01:39:07,900
have been planning an expedition
against Spanish possessions in 

1921
01:39:07,900 --> 01:39:10,100
the event of War. 
Hardly a crime. 

1922
01:39:10,100 --> 01:39:13,300
If no war had been declared. 
What's the verdict? 

1923
01:39:13,300 --> 01:39:16,700
The jury, acquitted Burr of 
treason due to inadequate, proof

1924
01:39:16,700 --> 01:39:19,600
of an invert act. 
They also cleared him of a 

1925
01:39:19,600 --> 01:39:21,600
misdemeanor charge for mounting 
an unlawful military. 

1926
01:39:21,600 --> 01:39:24,100
Mission public opinion remained 
mixed. 

1927
01:39:24,100 --> 01:39:26,800
With many believing Burr was 
guilty in spirit if not 

1928
01:39:26,800 --> 01:39:30,600
informed. 
Jefferson was Furious fearing. 

1929
01:39:30,600 --> 01:39:32,700
That clever legal techniques and
Marshalls. 

1930
01:39:32,700 --> 01:39:34,700
Federalists leanings had 
protected there. 

1931
01:39:34,700 --> 01:39:38,600
However, the outcomes stood 
leaving birth free but 

1932
01:39:38,600 --> 01:39:42,500
permanently soiled Following the
trial Burrs money and reputation

1933
01:39:42,500 --> 01:39:45,700
were in shambles friends, 
disappeared credit was 

1934
01:39:45,700 --> 01:39:48,600
non-existent and Trust in any 
Source was low. 

1935
01:39:49,500 --> 01:39:52,200
Fresh western expansion, plan 
was out of the question. 

1936
01:39:52,200 --> 01:39:56,900
His every step would be examined
Burr, facing near certain 

1937
01:39:56,900 --> 01:39:59,900
ostracism chose to depart to 
Europe in 1808. 

1938
01:39:59,900 --> 01:40:04,900
He had an audacious plan, 
perhaps foreign powers such as 

1939
01:40:04,900 --> 01:40:08,700
Britain or France could find 
Value in his strategic mind and 

1940
01:40:08,700 --> 01:40:10,600
sponsor a fresh Voyage to the 
Americas. 

1941
01:40:10,600 --> 01:40:14,400
If that fails, he may become a 
permanent Exile moving from one 

1942
01:40:14,400 --> 01:40:17,700
European Capital to another 
embarking on a ship under an 

1943
01:40:17,700 --> 01:40:20,300
assumed identity. 
Once vibrant, politician 

1944
01:40:20,300 --> 01:40:23,100
plummeted into what appeared to 
be irreversible, obscurity, 

1945
01:40:23,100 --> 01:40:26,000
leaving behind a country. 
That would remember him only as 

1946
01:40:26,000 --> 01:40:30,200
a duelist and an alleged Trader.
Aaron Burr, traveled to Europe 

1947
01:40:30,200 --> 01:40:34,300
in 1808 in search of a fresh 
start, or a financial boost to 

1948
01:40:34,300 --> 01:40:36,900
help him achieve his goals. 
He traveled around England, 

1949
01:40:36,900 --> 01:40:41,000
France, and other countries 
meeting, politicians bankers and

1950
01:40:41,000 --> 01:40:44,700
explorers the charismatic man 
who negotiated New York's 

1951
01:40:44,700 --> 01:40:47,800
political environment, attempted
to persuade Europeans that he 

1952
01:40:47,800 --> 01:40:50,100
could make a significant 
difference in the Americas with 

1953
01:40:50,100 --> 01:40:54,200
their assistance. 
The times had changed European 

1954
01:40:54,200 --> 01:40:57,600
powers were engaged in the 
Napoleonic Wars focusing on 

1955
01:40:57,600 --> 01:41:00,400
conflicts in Europe rather than 
transatlantic strategies. 

1956
01:41:00,400 --> 01:41:03,100
There's in precise and 
impractical plans. 

1957
01:41:03,100 --> 01:41:05,100
Gone had only courteous nods and
dubious. 

1958
01:41:05,100 --> 01:41:09,000
Stairs expatriates in London, 
suspected of plotting a war 

1959
01:41:09,008 --> 01:41:11,700
between the United States and 
Spain to take Spanish 

1960
01:41:11,700 --> 01:41:15,000
possessions. 
British intelligence track Burr,

1961
01:41:15,000 --> 01:41:19,300
wary of potential Partnerships. 
Bears Finance is decreased. 

1962
01:41:19,300 --> 01:41:23,200
Requiring him to rely on loans 
from acquaintances or limited 

1963
01:41:23,200 --> 01:41:25,100
assistance from older American 
friends. 

1964
01:41:26,100 --> 01:41:29,000
The former vice president reside
in Rundown, rented Apartments 

1965
01:41:29,000 --> 01:41:31,200
writing, letters to potential 
donors. 

1966
01:41:31,200 --> 01:41:33,200
Who no longer saw him as a 
useful Ally. 

1967
01:41:34,300 --> 01:41:37,600
Is famed ability with words was 
insufficient to deter creditors 

1968
01:41:37,600 --> 01:41:39,900
Burr. 
Relocated his activities to 

1969
01:41:39,900 --> 01:41:43,800
Paris in 1810 hoping to find a 
more welcoming atmosphere under 

1970
01:41:43,800 --> 01:41:46,700
Napoleon's rule. 
He encountered bureaucratic 

1971
01:41:46,700 --> 01:41:48,600
obstacles and disinterest there 
as well. 

1972
01:41:49,500 --> 01:41:51,900
French had interest in Spain and
were not interested in 

1973
01:41:51,900 --> 01:41:55,300
supporting a renegade. 
American proposal Burrs demands 

1974
01:41:55,300 --> 01:41:57,800
for an audience. 
Frequently went unanswered for 

1975
01:41:57,800 --> 01:41:59,800
long periods. 
The French authorities 

1976
01:41:59,800 --> 01:42:02,900
occasionally restricted, his 
movements, suspecting him of 

1977
01:42:02,900 --> 01:42:06,600
Espionage or subversion. 
The Voice frustration in his 

1978
01:42:06,600 --> 01:42:09,600
diary is about the difficulties 
of being a stateless Travelers 

1979
01:42:09,600 --> 01:42:13,100
without a purpose. 
Attempted to maintain his 

1980
01:42:13,100 --> 01:42:16,200
dignity by referring to himself 
in Social Circles, as Colonel 

1981
01:42:16,200 --> 01:42:20,500
Burr or the American Travelers, 
the meeting his scandalous 

1982
01:42:20,500 --> 01:42:23,100
history. 
He had some success delivering 

1983
01:42:23,100 --> 01:42:26,300
Revolutionary War or early 
American politics anecdotes at 

1984
01:42:26,300 --> 01:42:28,400
dinner. 
Gathering's, the man who had 

1985
01:42:28,400 --> 01:42:31,100
duel with Hamilton. 
Risked the death penalty for 

1986
01:42:31,100 --> 01:42:33,900
treason and was now pursuing 
crazy Adventures. 

1987
01:42:33,900 --> 01:42:35,900
Drew the attention of some 
Parisian. 

1988
01:42:35,900 --> 01:42:39,500
Intellectuals Fascination, 
rarely led to genuine support 

1989
01:42:39,500 --> 01:42:43,500
Burr, no longer attacked by 
American Media faced a bitter 

1990
01:42:43,508 --> 01:42:47,200
irony in Europe. 
He was less Infamous but also 

1991
01:42:47,200 --> 01:42:50,500
less significant. 
First name was hardly spoken in 

1992
01:42:50,500 --> 01:42:53,700
the United States. 
Accepting cautionary, tales of 

1993
01:42:53,700 --> 01:42:57,700
ambition, gone bad, the war of 
the 1812 overshadowed, his 

1994
01:42:57,700 --> 01:43:02,100
legacy America faced fresh war 
with Britain but Burr remained 

1995
01:43:02,100 --> 01:43:04,500
helpless abroad. 
By 1812. 

1996
01:43:04,500 --> 01:43:07,900
He was nearly bankrupt relying 
on the generosity of a few 

1997
01:43:07,900 --> 01:43:10,600
devoted friends or new 
acquaintances, who liked his 

1998
01:43:10,600 --> 01:43:12,300
talk enough to take him to 
dinner on occasion. 

1999
01:43:12,300 --> 01:43:14,400
He felt the burden of returning 
to America. 

2000
01:43:14,400 --> 01:43:17,500
Will he get? 
Rearrested will creditors pursue

2001
01:43:17,500 --> 01:43:19,600
him? 
Is it possible to reconstruct a 

2002
01:43:19,600 --> 01:43:22,200
life? 
Bird decided to come home in 

2003
01:43:22,200 --> 01:43:24,300
1812 because he saw no future in
Europe. 

2004
01:43:25,100 --> 01:43:29,100
The return was humiliating, he 
adopted an alias to of exposure.

2005
01:43:29,800 --> 01:43:33,000
When he arrived in Boston in 
1812, he discovered a 

2006
01:43:33,000 --> 01:43:36,200
transformed Nation. 
The second conflict with 

2007
01:43:36,200 --> 01:43:40,300
Britain, tested, America's might
the Federalist Party which could

2008
01:43:40,300 --> 01:43:42,500
have offered him stability was 
in disarray. 

2009
01:43:42,500 --> 01:43:46,700
The Republican faction led by 
Madison had little interest in a

2010
01:43:46,708 --> 01:43:50,700
person deemed toxic Reclaiming. 
A tiny political position seemed

2011
01:43:50,700 --> 01:43:53,400
hopeless. 
Burr was enticed in New York 

2012
01:43:53,400 --> 01:43:56,400
City where he was once regarded 
as a legal Powerhouse. 

2013
01:43:57,300 --> 01:44:00,600
Quietly resumed practicing law 
and maintained a low profile, 

2014
01:44:00,600 --> 01:44:03,800
despite initial skepticism in 
the legal Community. 

2015
01:44:03,800 --> 01:44:06,400
His abilities. 
Finally attracted enough clients

2016
01:44:06,400 --> 01:44:09,700
to keep him afloat. 
The era of extravagant balls, 

2017
01:44:09,700 --> 01:44:13,300
sophisticated dinner, parties 
daring, political moves, has 

2018
01:44:13,300 --> 01:44:15,900
passed fur's. 
Existence was restricted to an 

2019
01:44:15,900 --> 01:44:19,200
office, a modest living 
Arrangement and occasional 

2020
01:44:19,200 --> 01:44:21,900
social Gatherings with a few 
acquaintances who tolerated his 

2021
01:44:21,900 --> 01:44:26,400
ruined reputation. 
In 1813, his daughter, Theodosia

2022
01:44:26,400 --> 01:44:30,400
went missing at Sea causing 
personal anguish, she set sail 

2023
01:44:30,400 --> 01:44:33,400
from South Carolina to New York,
but her ship disappeared. 

2024
01:44:33,400 --> 01:44:37,400
The cause Pirates storm or 
mechanical breakdown, was 

2025
01:44:37,400 --> 01:44:39,800
unknown. 
There was sad and after losing 

2026
01:44:39,800 --> 01:44:43,000
the one person who had always 
trusted in him, despite the 

2027
01:44:43,000 --> 01:44:46,900
scandals, his Diaries from this 
period reveal intense, anguish 

2028
01:44:46,900 --> 01:44:48,800
and a sense of universal 
unfairness. 

2029
01:44:48,800 --> 01:44:52,700
He lost his wife years ago, 
abandoned his political career 

2030
01:44:52,700 --> 01:44:57,100
and now his daughter as vanished
Bird drifted through duties in 

2031
01:44:57,100 --> 01:45:00,400
the 1810s, surviving but 
troubled, occasionally 

2032
01:45:00,400 --> 01:45:03,600
acquaintances, spotted flashes 
of his previous charms, Sly 

2033
01:45:03,600 --> 01:45:07,000
humor, and acute mind capable of
dissecting illegal case. 

2034
01:45:07,800 --> 01:45:11,900
It was as if he had subdued a 
formidable Force, the Pressly 

2035
01:45:11,900 --> 01:45:15,600
mentioned him merely reporting 
the occasional lawsuit or an 

2036
01:45:15,600 --> 01:45:19,800
article as the War of 1812 ended
and the country entered, the Era

2037
01:45:19,800 --> 01:45:24,200
of Good Feelings, burst on the 
sidelines, a reminder of a more 

2038
01:45:24,200 --> 01:45:26,700
turbulent era. 
Spurs attention switched to 

2039
01:45:26,708 --> 01:45:29,900
Urgent problems as new leaders, 
Define the Republic's future 

2040
01:45:29,900 --> 01:45:33,000
leaving him unsure, whether he 
could redeem, his tarnished 

2041
01:45:33,000 --> 01:45:38,600
reputation, Aaron Burr, a lawyer
in New York, in the 1820s lived 

2042
01:45:38,600 --> 01:45:40,400
in obscurity and had few 
Illusions. 

2043
01:45:40,400 --> 01:45:44,600
His survival abilities remained 
good He handled a continuous 

2044
01:45:44,600 --> 01:45:48,100
flow of legal cases, including 
contract disputes, a state, 

2045
01:45:48,108 --> 01:45:50,200
matters, and occasionally 
criminal defense. 

2046
01:45:51,200 --> 01:45:53,900
Elder residents in the cities, 
quiet Corners, remembered his 

2047
01:45:53,900 --> 01:45:57,000
flashing youth, while younger 
residents, considered him a 

2048
01:45:57,000 --> 01:45:59,800
footnote to the Hamilton duel or
a cautionary, Tale. 

2049
01:46:00,700 --> 01:46:03,700
When an enthusiastic journalist 
attempted to interview him about

2050
01:46:03,700 --> 01:46:08,300
those exciting occurrences Burr 
while cordial remained a 

2051
01:46:08,300 --> 01:46:13,900
vacation or imprecise. 
Of old optimism believe in that 

2052
01:46:13,900 --> 01:46:18,000
fate May yet surprise him. 
Prioritize personal interactions

2053
01:46:18,000 --> 01:46:20,300
developing friendships with 
Progressive Minds. 

2054
01:46:20,300 --> 01:46:23,600
In the community, these included
academics, voting rights 

2055
01:46:23,600 --> 01:46:27,700
activists and women's rights 
pioneers Some thought it strange

2056
01:46:27,700 --> 01:46:30,700
that the former conspirator 
mixed with them but Burr 

2057
01:46:30,700 --> 01:46:32,900
relished, having robust debates 
about social changes. 

2058
01:46:32,900 --> 01:46:37,300
He was the father who advocated 
for Theodosia education, feeling

2059
01:46:37,300 --> 01:46:41,900
Society, undervalued women's 
contributions years passed, and 

2060
01:46:41,900 --> 01:46:44,200
birwood, occasionally fly 
Upstate for work or to see 

2061
01:46:44,208 --> 01:46:47,000
friends. 
The Erie canals development in 

2062
01:46:47,000 --> 01:46:50,200
the 1820s, demonstrated. 
New York's commercial 

2063
01:46:50,200 --> 01:46:54,200
advancement, placing him behind 
younger politicians such as 

2064
01:46:54,200 --> 01:46:58,000
Dewitt Clinton emerged as the 
city's lights overshadowing, 

2065
01:46:58,000 --> 01:47:01,200
Burr's Legacy. 
He walked by the new Canal locks

2066
01:47:01,200 --> 01:47:03,100
surveying the mass of workers 
and business. 

2067
01:47:03,100 --> 01:47:06,100
People privately realizing that 
these infrastructure 

2068
01:47:06,100 --> 01:47:08,500
accomplishments to find a 
future, he had despised to 

2069
01:47:08,500 --> 01:47:12,300
influence as a politician. 
He was consistently unable to 

2070
01:47:12,300 --> 01:47:16,800
establish Financial stability, 
debts accumulated, forcing to 

2071
01:47:16,800 --> 01:47:20,600
seek clients relentlessly. 
His previously, raw Charisma had

2072
01:47:20,600 --> 01:47:24,400
faded, but brief contacts with 
clients or local Clarks that 

2073
01:47:24,400 --> 01:47:27,700
disarming aspects still flared. 
He did not marry. 

2074
01:47:27,700 --> 01:47:32,000
Again, rumors of covid. 
Liaise on circulated, but none 

2075
01:47:32,000 --> 01:47:35,300
of old into a bond that matched 
the dossiers unwavering loyalty.

2076
01:47:35,300 --> 01:47:39,100
Bertold a close friend, that he 
felt older than his years. 

2077
01:47:39,800 --> 01:47:43,200
As if the burdens of Scandal, 
Exile and heartache could age 

2078
01:47:43,200 --> 01:47:47,100
him prematurely buried Eliza 
jumal in 1833. 

2079
01:47:47,100 --> 01:47:50,900
A wealthy Widow who was thought 
to be America's richest lady. 

2080
01:47:50,900 --> 01:47:55,300
Observers suggested that it was 
a convenient marriage with both 

2081
01:47:55,300 --> 01:47:58,100
Partners pursuing Financial or 
social Advantage. 

2082
01:47:58,100 --> 01:48:02,500
The union rapidly became 
contentious who Mel expressed 

2083
01:48:02,500 --> 01:48:05,700
concern about those excessive 
spending and his possible 

2084
01:48:05,700 --> 01:48:08,200
grandiosity. 
They split up within a year 

2085
01:48:08,208 --> 01:48:10,400
resulting in a contentious 
divorce. 

2086
01:48:10,400 --> 01:48:13,800
That harmed his Public Image 
even further The Fiasco 

2087
01:48:13,800 --> 01:48:17,700
demonstrated herbs personal life
long concealed by the political 

2088
01:48:17,700 --> 01:48:20,800
issues had created new torque 
with no true atonement. 

2089
01:48:21,900 --> 01:48:24,600
The national stage had 
progressed and Andrew Jackson 

2090
01:48:24,600 --> 01:48:27,800
was a populist president who 
frequently cited the founders. 

2091
01:48:27,800 --> 01:48:31,800
But rarely recognized Burr. 
John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay 

2092
01:48:31,800 --> 01:48:35,700
and Daniel Webster was 
Signatures in shaping policy 

2093
01:48:35,700 --> 01:48:38,700
regarding the bank of the United
States tariffs and Westwood 

2094
01:48:38,700 --> 01:48:41,700
development. 
Those era of jewels and 

2095
01:48:41,700 --> 01:48:45,600
conspiracies appeared Antiquated
in an America enthralled by New 

2096
01:48:45,600 --> 01:48:47,500
Frontiers and industrial 
expansion. 

2097
01:48:47,500 --> 01:48:50,900
You read articles about 
inventions such as the reaper 

2098
01:48:50,900 --> 01:48:54,000
and cotton gin recognizing that 
the country was headed toward a 

2099
01:48:54,008 --> 01:48:56,900
future in which in his personal 
political style would be less 

2100
01:48:56,900 --> 01:49:01,300
important by the mid-1830s. 
Burr's Health had deteriorated 

2101
01:49:01,300 --> 01:49:05,900
time had worn him down and each 
winter brought merciless cold 

2102
01:49:05,900 --> 01:49:08,300
carried on with his everyday 
responsibilities. 

2103
01:49:08,300 --> 01:49:12,800
The old spark was mostly lost He
took solace in Reading classic 

2104
01:49:12,800 --> 01:49:15,600
from his Princeton days. 
Occasionally making notes in the

2105
01:49:15,600 --> 01:49:20,200
margins about Powers Illusions 
or destinations Frailty a few 

2106
01:49:20,208 --> 01:49:23,700
visitors drawn to his memory of 
the founding era Fountain open, 

2107
01:49:23,700 --> 01:49:27,000
but curiously distant. 
He can now say Hamilton's name. 

2108
01:49:27,000 --> 01:49:30,100
Without venom, as if recalling a
tragedy, he hardly remembers 

2109
01:49:30,100 --> 01:49:34,000
Aaron Burr. 
Had a stroke in 1836, he was 

2110
01:49:34,008 --> 01:49:36,500
crippled on one side and 
confined to a boarding home on 

2111
01:49:36,500 --> 01:49:39,200
Staten Island. 
His youth was full of promise 

2112
01:49:39,200 --> 01:49:42,400
and his middle years, caused 
National term oil for brief 

2113
01:49:42,400 --> 01:49:44,900
periods of awareness. 
Apparently displayed near the 

2114
01:49:44,900 --> 01:49:48,700
sorrow nor Contrition, only a 
stoic acceptance of Fate's. 

2115
01:49:48,700 --> 01:49:54,700
Will he died on September 14th? 
1836 at the age of 80, the event

2116
01:49:54,708 --> 01:49:56,600
hardly warranted front page 
coverage. 

2117
01:49:56,600 --> 01:50:00,100
America was obsessed with 
economic debates. 

2118
01:50:00,800 --> 01:50:03,100
Scarcely, commemorating the 
death of one of its most 

2119
01:50:03,100 --> 01:50:06,400
divisive early leaders. 
First death was announced to 

2120
01:50:06,408 --> 01:50:09,900
those who cherished his memory. 
Several tributes praised, his 

2121
01:50:09,900 --> 01:50:13,100
intelligence service in the 
revolution and advocacy for 

2122
01:50:13,100 --> 01:50:15,800
women's education. 
There were numerous references 

2123
01:50:15,800 --> 01:50:19,000
to Hamilton's Jewel, and the 
treason trial, relatives 

2124
01:50:19,000 --> 01:50:22,400
planned, a quiet burial, but 
turnout was sparse, overshadowed

2125
01:50:22,400 --> 01:50:24,100
by the bustling City that had 
moved on. 

2126
01:50:25,100 --> 01:50:28,400
The former vice president 
quietly fled the stage leaving a

2127
01:50:28,400 --> 01:50:31,400
legacy marked by Scandal 
Brilliance and suspicions about 

2128
01:50:31,400 --> 01:50:35,300
squandered opportunities. 
Long after Aaron Burr's death, 

2129
01:50:35,300 --> 01:50:38,700
his story continued to cast a 
conflicting Shadow over American

2130
01:50:38,700 --> 01:50:40,900
memory. 
On the one hand, he was a 

2131
01:50:40,908 --> 01:50:43,700
revolutionary war hero, who 
fought alongside the Patriots to

2132
01:50:43,700 --> 01:50:47,600
achieve independence, He was 
also a progressive lawyer among 

2133
01:50:47,600 --> 01:50:50,900
the first advocate for expanded 
roles for women, particularly in

2134
01:50:50,900 --> 01:50:54,000
education. 
However, the infamous episode's 

2135
01:50:54,000 --> 01:50:57,100
like the deadly duel with 
Alexander Hamilton the trees and

2136
01:50:57,100 --> 01:51:00,400
trial and the questionable 
Frontier deals overshadowed, 

2137
01:51:00,400 --> 01:51:03,900
these virtues each generation 
that reviewed, Burr's life, 

2138
01:51:03,900 --> 01:51:07,300
discovered a new perspective. 
Transforming him into everything

2139
01:51:07,300 --> 01:51:11,300
from a sad, anti-hero to a 
cautionary tale of uncontrolled 

2140
01:51:11,300 --> 01:51:13,700
ambition. 
Throughout the 19th century 

2141
01:51:13,700 --> 01:51:18,700
historians rejected birth as the
man who assassinated Hamilton an

2142
01:51:18,700 --> 01:51:21,600
unforgivable deed in a Pantheon 
that extolled the founding 

2143
01:51:21,600 --> 01:51:25,300
Generations genius. 
Hamilton Star as posthumously 

2144
01:51:25,300 --> 01:51:29,500
while Burr, fell more into 
contempt rivalries over economic

2145
01:51:29,500 --> 01:51:33,900
measures such as the National 
Bank faded in importance that 

2146
01:51:33,900 --> 01:51:36,900
the Allure of human conflict, 
persisted in in the popular 

2147
01:51:36,900 --> 01:51:39,600
culture. 
Dueling had already lost Social 

2148
01:51:39,600 --> 01:51:42,300
acceptance. 
Making Burr appear antiquated 

2149
01:51:43,200 --> 01:51:46,000
Schoolchildren were taught, 
simplified versions, Hamilton, 

2150
01:51:46,000 --> 01:51:49,800
the noble statement succumbed to
the dishonest opportunist. 

2151
01:51:49,800 --> 01:51:53,300
However, some contrarian 
thinkers discovered complexities

2152
01:51:53,300 --> 01:51:56,100
in Bears record. 
They emphasized that he was 

2153
01:51:56,100 --> 01:51:58,900
among the first politicians to 
use modern campaign 

2154
01:51:58,900 --> 01:52:02,600
organization, strategies 
garnering, Grassroots support 

2155
01:52:02,600 --> 01:52:04,700
rather than relying solely on 
Elites. 

2156
01:52:04,700 --> 01:52:07,500
They pointed out that bears 
efforts to ensure, Equitable, 

2157
01:52:07,500 --> 01:52:10,500
education, for his daughter, 
Theodosia demonstrated 

2158
01:52:10,500 --> 01:52:14,900
Progressive tendencies. the 
question persisted, How could a 

2159
01:52:14,900 --> 01:52:18,500
man with such promise become so 
despite These questions 

2160
01:52:18,500 --> 01:52:22,000
prompted, a reevaluation of the 
founding period revealing that 

2161
01:52:22,000 --> 01:52:25,200
the distinctions between hero 
and villain were never as clear 

2162
01:52:25,208 --> 01:52:29,700
as textbooks suggested in the 
early 20th century authors and 

2163
01:52:29,700 --> 01:52:33,300
dramatists discovered a treasure
Trove in Burr's life, the 

2164
01:52:33,300 --> 01:52:36,100
Bromance with theodosius Mother.
The agony of theodosis 

2165
01:52:36,100 --> 01:52:38,800
disappearance and the Cloak and 
Dagger atmosphere of the 

2166
01:52:38,808 --> 01:52:40,800
purported. 
South-Western conspiracy 

2167
01:52:40,800 --> 01:52:44,600
fictional Works depicted a 
broken Soul who hated by 

2168
01:52:44,600 --> 01:52:47,500
Jefferson and maligned by 
Hamilton went to desperate 

2169
01:52:47,500 --> 01:52:51,700
lengths to save an epic Destiny.
Audiences absorb these stories 

2170
01:52:51,700 --> 01:52:54,600
partially realizing they were 
reading gossip rather than 

2171
01:52:54,600 --> 01:52:57,900
history. 
Meanwhile academic historians 

2172
01:52:57,900 --> 01:53:01,600
are massed additional evidence 
from archives portraying Burr as

2173
01:53:01,608 --> 01:53:04,500
neither completely Wicked nor 
wholly, misunderstood just 

2174
01:53:04,500 --> 01:53:07,700
extremely ambitious in an era of
unbreakable connections. 

2175
01:53:08,600 --> 01:53:12,100
Then came increased attention in
the 20th century as historian 

2176
01:53:12,100 --> 01:53:15,000
shifted their focus to the roles
that the individuals performed 

2177
01:53:15,000 --> 01:53:18,500
outside of traditional 
narratives Buzz covert promotion

2178
01:53:18,500 --> 01:53:21,600
of women's education. 
Drew more notice researchers 

2179
01:53:21,600 --> 01:53:24,200
investigated correspondence 
between Burr and his daughter. 

2180
01:53:25,300 --> 01:53:28,200
Discovering emotional depth. 
That intellectual Synergy that 

2181
01:53:28,200 --> 01:53:29,800
was unusual for that paternal 
time. 

2182
01:53:29,800 --> 01:53:33,100
These glimpses complicated, the 
typical condemnation. 

2183
01:53:33,100 --> 01:53:36,300
Some researchers argued that 
Furr's notion of personal 

2184
01:53:36,300 --> 01:53:39,700
dignity was more associated with
old world aristocratic 

2185
01:53:39,700 --> 01:53:42,600
Traditions contradicting. 
The emerging American 

2186
01:53:42,600 --> 01:53:44,800
expectation of free moral 
democracy. 

2187
01:53:44,800 --> 01:53:48,000
This encounter could have fueled
the Hamilton duel and the 

2188
01:53:48,000 --> 01:53:52,300
eventual disaster. 
For modern viewers, perhaps the 

2189
01:53:52,300 --> 01:53:55,300
most compelling aspect of the 
story is the conflict between 

2190
01:53:55,300 --> 01:53:57,700
personal ambition and National 
Unity. 

2191
01:53:57,700 --> 01:54:01,600
He rose to the position of vice 
president, only to let hatred 

2192
01:54:01,600 --> 01:54:05,700
drive him to a fake and counter.
He saw it again, envisioning New

2193
01:54:05,700 --> 01:54:09,600
Horizons in the south-west, only
to fall into amazed of accused 

2194
01:54:09,600 --> 01:54:11,700
treason. 
The recurring theme is 

2195
01:54:11,700 --> 01:54:15,600
self-sabotage A Gifted Mind 
undermined by circumstance and 

2196
01:54:15,600 --> 01:54:19,100
personality that dynamic 
resonates in an American still 

2197
01:54:19,100 --> 01:54:22,200
played by figures who crossed 
moral boundaries and pursuit of 

2198
01:54:22,208 --> 01:54:26,100
personal goals. 
In historical memory, burst 

2199
01:54:26,100 --> 01:54:28,600
stands Out Among the founders 
George Washington. 

2200
01:54:28,600 --> 01:54:32,100
John Adams, Thomas. 
Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton

2201
01:54:32,100 --> 01:54:34,900
are honored with monuments and 
coinage. 

2202
01:54:35,700 --> 01:54:39,700
Both physical memorials are 
limited and occasional plaque, a

2203
01:54:39,700 --> 01:54:41,300
brief remark. 
In an old churchyard, 

2204
01:54:41,300 --> 01:54:44,900
nonetheless, his ghost lingers 
in the shadows of the founding 

2205
01:54:44,900 --> 01:54:48,100
story, telling us that the line 
between Brilliance and 

2206
01:54:48,100 --> 01:54:52,400
destruction loyalty and betrayal
can be unsettlingly narrow. 

2207
01:54:52,400 --> 01:54:55,700
The story also highlights how 
personal grievances can impact 

2208
01:54:55,700 --> 01:54:58,500
political outcomes in an era. 
When the limits are Republican, 

2209
01:54:58,500 --> 01:55:02,500
rule are still being tested. 
Finally, first biography leads 

2210
01:55:02,500 --> 01:55:04,400
us to consider the complexity of
ambition. 

2211
01:55:04,400 --> 01:55:07,700
We contributed to the 
revolution, championed 

2212
01:55:07,700 --> 01:55:10,800
revolutionary ideas about 
women's duties and advocated for

2213
01:55:10,800 --> 01:55:14,400
new types of political strategy.
The Killing Bullet at wehawken, 

2214
01:55:14,400 --> 01:55:17,600
however, overshadows all else as
do. 

2215
01:55:17,600 --> 01:55:20,600
The conspiratorial rumors that 
landed him in a treason trial 

2216
01:55:21,700 --> 01:55:24,500
It's time passes, readers May 
Ponder where the Burr was. 

2217
01:55:24,500 --> 01:55:27,600
Merely ahead of his time in 
terms of moral judgments or if 

2218
01:55:27,608 --> 01:55:30,500
he was a cautionary character, 
whose appetites and instincts 

2219
01:55:30,500 --> 01:55:34,000
led him wrong. 
Whatever the outcome, one fact 

2220
01:55:34,000 --> 01:55:37,900
remains Aaron Burr and body is 
the turbulent junk of personal 

2221
01:55:37,900 --> 01:55:40,600
ambition and a maturing American
Republic. 

2222
01:55:40,600 --> 01:55:44,200
His biography tinged with 
brilliant and tormented with 

2223
01:55:44,200 --> 01:55:47,900
sorrow as a Wandering, about his
exact place in the tapestry of 

2224
01:55:47,900 --> 01:55:59,300
the nation's Foundation era. 
The day my old name died began 

2225
01:55:59,300 --> 01:56:02,000
with crows on the battlements 
and ended with a circlet of 

2226
01:56:02,008 --> 01:56:03,808
hammered gold. 
Pressing a red welt into my 

2227
01:56:03,816 --> 01:56:06,800
brow. 
I had lived 17 Winters as a 

2228
01:56:06,800 --> 01:56:08,700
foster. 
Son Arthur was fit. 

2229
01:56:08,700 --> 01:56:11,700
Only to muck stalls at directors
Holdings in the Welsh marches. 

2230
01:56:11,700 --> 01:56:16,100
Yet here, I stood in a chill 
sunrise at Carlyle, wind off the

2231
01:56:16,108 --> 01:56:19,500
asking of iron filings while 
Lords who had never met me 

2232
01:56:19,500 --> 01:56:24,300
raised Spears in a claim The 
Herald's trumpeted pain drag and

2233
01:56:24,300 --> 01:56:28,200
my ribs fluttered like a quails,
I will not pretend the cheering 

2234
01:56:28,200 --> 01:56:31,600
felt Noble if it felt terrifying
as though a roaring sea had 

2235
01:56:31,600 --> 01:56:33,200
broken through the courtyard 
gate. 

2236
01:56:34,000 --> 01:56:37,400
So Kay whispered hold the sword 
higher brother, they need to see

2237
01:56:37,400 --> 01:56:40,900
you. 
My arm shook under the heft. 

2238
01:56:41,800 --> 01:56:45,900
His caliber Merlin called it 
called the hardcore Cleaver that

2239
01:56:45,900 --> 01:56:48,900
looked weightless in the stone 
but wielded it was equal to a 

2240
01:56:48,900 --> 01:56:52,100
plowshare in wet, clay. 
The sunlight ran down, the 

2241
01:56:52,108 --> 01:56:55,300
Fuller, the onlookers strained 
forward, hedge Knights and 

2242
01:56:55,300 --> 01:56:58,500
patched male Sleek Barrens whose
Rings smelled of Civic and 

2243
01:56:58,500 --> 01:57:01,900
Barefoot children training 
between guard Shields, one could

2244
01:57:01,900 --> 01:57:05,500
map the fractures in Britain by 
their faces angles tight-lipped 

2245
01:57:05,500 --> 01:57:09,100
beside downtrodden Romano, 
British Magistrate's, Simi Hill,

2246
01:57:09,100 --> 01:57:11,300
Kings glaring, at northumbria 
and envoys. 

2247
01:57:12,100 --> 01:57:14,200
All of them. 
Watch the orphan who had slipped

2248
01:57:14,200 --> 01:57:17,100
a sword from an anvil. 
When were the men could not? 

2249
01:57:18,700 --> 01:57:21,700
That first week passed in 
parchment dust and the Clack of 

2250
01:57:21,708 --> 01:57:26,500
tally sticks, my new counselors 
educated me, mercilessly grain 

2251
01:57:26,500 --> 01:57:28,500
levies were overdue in the Wye 
Valley. 

2252
01:57:28,500 --> 01:57:31,900
Mercy and Raiders had burned, 
the monastery of ilt and the 

2253
01:57:31,908 --> 01:57:34,600
Royal minting Winchester lacked 
silver for coin dies. 

2254
01:57:34,600 --> 01:57:37,900
I listened none. 
And when I spoke it was mostly 

2255
01:57:37,900 --> 01:57:41,300
to ask why, why did assault tax 
vary between counties? 

2256
01:57:41,300 --> 01:57:44,200
Why did we tie the fish to Rome?
When Rome was ashes? 

2257
01:57:44,200 --> 01:57:47,600
Each reason, produced new 
corridors of ignorance for me to

2258
01:57:47,608 --> 01:57:51,500
explore and Secret. 
Night brought no truce Merlin 

2259
01:57:51,500 --> 01:57:54,300
maddeningly, Serene met me in 
the candlelit, library of the 

2260
01:57:54,300 --> 01:57:57,300
old, Roman Basilica. 
He smelled of peat smoke and 

2261
01:57:57,300 --> 01:58:01,700
elderflower wine. the crown is a
mask Arthur told me while 

2262
01:58:01,700 --> 01:58:05,300
aligning Dusty Scrolls, about 
irrigation, Where it too loose 

2263
01:58:05,300 --> 01:58:08,000
in its slips, or it too tightly 
and it blinds. 

2264
01:58:09,300 --> 01:58:12,200
I wanted instruction not 
metaphor but his lessons 

2265
01:58:12,200 --> 01:58:14,700
remained riddles. 
He had not taught me to retrieve

2266
01:58:14,700 --> 01:58:17,900
X Caliber for his Amusement. 
He met me to retrieve a future. 

2267
01:58:17,900 --> 01:58:21,200
No one else. 
Dared picture sleeper, refused 

2268
01:58:21,200 --> 01:58:24,000
me. 
I lay in the Solar on wolfskin, 

2269
01:58:24,000 --> 01:58:26,500
blankets, listening to the wind 
whistle through Arrow. 

2270
01:58:26,500 --> 01:58:31,000
Slits, revisiting, the moment, 
the blade slid free, the scrape 

2271
01:58:31,000 --> 01:58:34,400
of metal echoed, In My Memory, 
akin to a key reluctantly 

2272
01:58:34,400 --> 01:58:38,600
unlocking, a locked childhood, 
my pulse quickened until the 

2273
01:58:38,600 --> 01:58:42,500
Dawn and with Dawn came fresh 
petitions for Widow from gwent 

2274
01:58:42,500 --> 01:58:46,000
begged, remission of scutage, a 
gaulish Mason offered to rebuild

2275
01:58:46,000 --> 01:58:49,000
the Roman Bridge inventor. 
If I would guarantee free toll 

2276
01:58:49,000 --> 01:58:53,200
for pilgrims, I granted both 
half from pity half because they

2277
01:58:53,200 --> 01:58:57,000
cost only my signature, On the 
seventh day, I mounted a 

2278
01:58:57,000 --> 01:58:59,500
nervous, mayor and rode the 
perimeter of care Leon's out of 

2279
01:58:59,508 --> 01:59:02,500
Palisade alone. 
Frost clunked a dead Bracken 

2280
01:59:02,500 --> 01:59:04,900
missed curled. 
Between apple stumps where 

2281
01:59:04,900 --> 01:59:07,000
Orchards had been raised for 
Siege Timbers. 

2282
01:59:07,000 --> 01:59:12,100
I thought this is my acreage of 
Sorrow to 10 yet. 

2283
01:59:12,100 --> 01:59:16,000
I also saw promise Fields were 
spring barley could route of 

2284
01:59:16,000 --> 01:59:19,000
giving peace, kills. 
That might fire roof tiles 

2285
01:59:19,000 --> 01:59:23,000
instead of slingshot. 
By the time I reigned in the sun

2286
01:59:23,000 --> 01:59:26,700
had melted the frost and to 
Silver rivets, hope I realized 

2287
01:59:26,700 --> 01:59:29,800
was a crop that required 
cultivation as deliberate as 

2288
01:59:29,800 --> 01:59:32,800
wheat. 
Before he even song I convened a

2289
01:59:32,800 --> 01:59:35,700
rookie Council of blacksmiths 
scribes and two Abbotts who 

2290
01:59:35,700 --> 01:59:39,300
smelled of Vellum glue. 
I invited them to get to speak 

2291
01:59:39,300 --> 01:59:43,200
first Keen to hear sentences and
clouded by flattery they were 

2292
01:59:43,200 --> 01:59:46,600
shocked into plainness. 
Smith's wanted charcoal quotas 

2293
01:59:46,600 --> 01:59:49,900
scribes wanted tariffs on 
imported Papyrus lowered and 

2294
01:59:49,900 --> 01:59:52,200
abbots wanted safe conduct for 
pilgrims. 

2295
01:59:52,200 --> 01:59:54,400
I promised. 
Nothing recorded everything. 

2296
01:59:55,400 --> 01:59:58,500
When the assembly disbanded 
circuit slapped my shoulder. 

2297
01:59:59,200 --> 02:00:01,000
You looked like a king. 
He lied. 

2298
02:00:01,000 --> 02:00:04,100
I felt more like a bucket 
catching leaks in a storm 

2299
02:00:04,100 --> 02:00:07,700
patched roof. 
Still that night has reigned the

2300
02:00:07,700 --> 02:00:09,400
shutters. 
I wrote a single line into my 

2301
02:00:09,400 --> 02:00:13,200
ledger, a throne is not a chair.
But a question asked daily and 

2302
02:00:13,200 --> 02:00:14,800
that admission, we finally 
understood. 

2303
02:00:14,800 --> 02:00:18,200
What Merlin had meant. 
The mask must never Harden to 

2304
02:00:18,200 --> 02:00:21,000
wear a must keep adjusting the 
fit or risk seeing nothing at 

2305
02:00:21,000 --> 02:00:23,700
all. 
By the time the crows returned 

2306
02:00:23,700 --> 02:00:25,900
to the battlements. 
I was ready to ask another 

2307
02:00:25,900 --> 02:00:28,300
question. 
What councils smelled of damp 

2308
02:00:28,300 --> 02:00:30,900
wool, horse sweat and candle 
Grease. 

2309
02:00:31,600 --> 02:00:34,000
Hours, convened, on a ridge 
above the veil of Dortmund 

2310
02:00:34,000 --> 02:00:36,700
Moore, where Saxon banners 
glittered like rows of wet 

2311
02:00:36,700 --> 02:00:40,300
scales in the distance. 
Wayne sketched, deployment Arts,

2312
02:00:40,300 --> 02:00:43,700
with a charcoal knob on his 
inside archers here. 

2313
02:00:43,700 --> 02:00:47,300
Heavy Spears there. 
Well lady Gwen wife are read out

2314
02:00:47,300 --> 02:00:49,400
casualty projections from a 
carved tablet. 

2315
02:00:50,400 --> 02:00:53,000
In that moment, I saw the 
Roundtable, not as Furniture, 

2316
02:00:53,000 --> 02:00:57,300
but as an algebra variables 
shifting until valet equaled 

2317
02:00:57,300 --> 02:01:00,000
Victory. 
With minimum unknowns, we fought

2318
02:01:00,000 --> 02:01:02,800
at first light hoarfrost 
crunching under Greaves 

2319
02:01:02,800 --> 02:01:06,100
trumpets, blew a sour brassy 
note, that made my teeth hurt. 

2320
02:01:06,100 --> 02:01:10,600
I led calidad Cavalry Wing, 200 
destriers snorting steam, 

2321
02:01:10,600 --> 02:01:15,500
Gawain, brilliant and Reckless, 
angled the Infantry Phalanx 15 

2322
02:01:15,500 --> 02:01:19,300
degrees off the expected axis, 
the Saxons, misread the faint 

2323
02:01:19,300 --> 02:01:22,900
plunging into our kill pocket. 
Where marshy ground devoured 

2324
02:01:22,900 --> 02:01:25,500
their footing. 
The real Slaughter though 

2325
02:01:25,500 --> 02:01:29,000
occurred at the Ford of barn K 
blocked it with a shield wall 

2326
02:01:29,000 --> 02:01:32,800
three men thick forcing enemy 
cohorts East where our Slingers 

2327
02:01:32,800 --> 02:01:37,300
perched among Leaf bear olders. 
Stone's whistled helmets, dented

2328
02:01:37,300 --> 02:01:40,000
by noon. 
The river was pinkish yet 

2329
02:01:40,000 --> 02:01:41,400
Triumph. 
Tasted metallic. 

2330
02:01:42,300 --> 02:01:44,800
I walked among the Fallen 
wearing a surgeons Grimace. 

2331
02:01:44,800 --> 02:01:47,800
Instructing Squires to bind the 
wounded regardless of 

2332
02:01:47,800 --> 02:01:51,300
Allegiance. 
A captured Saxon boy, no older 

2333
02:01:51,300 --> 02:01:53,500
than 12. 
Tried to spit at me but produced

2334
02:01:53,500 --> 02:01:56,800
only blood holding his gaze. 
I ordered bandages. 

2335
02:01:56,800 --> 02:02:00,500
Mercy as harder than steel, it 
resists temporary and bends 

2336
02:02:00,500 --> 02:02:03,100
toward for tea like Captain 
muttered. 

2337
02:02:03,100 --> 02:02:05,700
I was naive. 
I reminded them that a 

2338
02:02:05,700 --> 02:02:08,400
terrorized enemy often regroups 
in the dark while a respected 

2339
02:02:08,400 --> 02:02:10,200
one. 
Hesitates before we crossing the

2340
02:02:10,200 --> 02:02:14,300
border Afterward we quartered in
a half ruined Roman Amphitheater

2341
02:02:14,300 --> 02:02:17,200
nearby. 
The curved seating became crude 

2342
02:02:17,200 --> 02:02:19,900
barracks. 
Rain filtered through collapsed 

2343
02:02:19,900 --> 02:02:22,600
vaults pooling in the arena 
where Gladiators once bled, 

2344
02:02:22,600 --> 02:02:25,800
under Imperial Applause. 
I addressed the fighters from 

2345
02:02:25,800 --> 02:02:29,500
the old Emperor's box, what we 
win in fear, we lose and Seasons

2346
02:02:29,500 --> 02:02:34,000
to come ruled by respect and we 
plant Hedges, no sword can share

2347
02:02:35,000 --> 02:02:39,500
Some nodded some scoffed, but 
the words lodged like seeds, the

2348
02:02:39,500 --> 02:02:43,100
campaign dragged into winter, we
learned to move on Frozen 

2349
02:02:43,100 --> 02:02:46,500
Ground, sledging supplies on 
Oxnard. 

2350
02:02:48,300 --> 02:02:49,900
My gauntlets cracked from the 
cold. 

2351
02:02:49,900 --> 02:02:53,300
The smell of pine pitch. 
Replaced blossom in my memory. 

2352
02:02:54,800 --> 02:02:59,400
on snow swirling like ghosts 
feathers, I found Merlin Alone 

2353
02:02:59,400 --> 02:03:03,000
by a ruined Milestone reciting a
fragment of Virgil about 

2354
02:03:03,000 --> 02:03:08,200
husbandry Even Empires, he 
murdered beginners fences to 

2355
02:03:08,200 --> 02:03:09,800
keep goats from eating winter, 
wheat. 

2356
02:03:11,100 --> 02:03:13,800
I laughed despite for tea, he 
never preached. 

2357
02:03:13,800 --> 02:03:18,000
He implied. 
By Spring piece, chatter reached

2358
02:03:18,000 --> 02:03:23,100
us from Saxon in boys I drafted 
terms on scraped sheepskin a 

2359
02:03:23,100 --> 02:03:26,300
boundary set at the Limestone 
Ridge, hostages exchanged but 

2360
02:03:26,300 --> 02:03:29,700
treated as honored guests and 
intermarriage encouraged to weld

2361
02:03:29,700 --> 02:03:34,300
Bloodlines Gawain bristled 
wanting a punitive March when 

2362
02:03:34,300 --> 02:03:36,900
Haifa ever pragmatic pointed 
out. 

2363
02:03:36,900 --> 02:03:40,700
We lacked Surplus grain to feed 
Concord households, the council 

2364
02:03:40,700 --> 02:03:42,600
split until I invoked the 
fording. 

2365
02:03:42,600 --> 02:03:45,900
Seen how are Mercy had softened 
Saxon resolve? 

2366
02:03:45,900 --> 02:03:48,900
Reluctantly they consented 
signing. 

2367
02:03:48,900 --> 02:03:52,000
The treaty took place in a smoky
Timber Hall north of the new 

2368
02:03:52,000 --> 02:03:56,100
border both sides brought bars 
to witness a classed. 

2369
02:03:56,100 --> 02:03:59,100
Four arms with the eldrid, a war
cautious, Alderman, whose 

2370
02:03:59,100 --> 02:04:03,000
bearded Mead he muttered? 
Your sword could have drunk 

2371
02:04:03,000 --> 02:04:07,500
deeper I replied but your 
grandchildren will sit side in 

2372
02:04:07,500 --> 02:04:08,800
Orchards. 
We did not burn. 

2373
02:04:09,700 --> 02:04:11,000
His belly laugh. 
Rattled. 

2374
02:04:11,000 --> 02:04:15,100
Roof beams alliances sometimes 
germinating unexpected, soil. 

2375
02:04:15,800 --> 02:04:18,200
In the months. 
After the veil of Dortmund under

2376
02:04:18,200 --> 02:04:21,600
truce, a requisition 
stonemason's to repair Weirs 

2377
02:04:21,600 --> 02:04:25,400
reopened, Roman calls ways and 
established a by lingual Toll 

2378
02:04:25,400 --> 02:04:27,200
House. 
Where Ernst while enemies 

2379
02:04:27,200 --> 02:04:30,200
haggled over Salt Lake using 
standardized counter stones 

2380
02:04:31,100 --> 02:04:35,000
Commerce often clenches, what 
diplomacy initiates seeing Saxon

2381
02:04:35,000 --> 02:04:37,500
Traders bow to summary, clocks 
over tariff. 

2382
02:04:37,500 --> 02:04:40,600
Receipts thrilled me as much as 
any martial cheer privately. 

2383
02:04:40,600 --> 02:04:44,200
I wrestled nightmares. 
Blood slick reads dying boys 

2384
02:04:44,200 --> 02:04:46,900
with accents. 
I barely understood and my crown

2385
02:04:46,900 --> 02:04:49,900
dipped in Gore. 
When Wi-Fi found me. 

2386
02:04:49,900 --> 02:04:51,500
Pacing ramparts and urged 
prayer. 

2387
02:04:51,500 --> 02:04:54,800
I preferred ledgers I tallied 
War costs. 

2388
02:04:54,800 --> 02:04:57,200
Lost. 
Plow shares orphaned stipends 

2389
02:04:57,200 --> 02:05:00,700
and force the numbers to speak. 
They said moderation was cheaper

2390
02:05:00,700 --> 02:05:02,300
than Triumph. 
They never lied. 

2391
02:05:03,400 --> 02:05:05,800
One damp morning while all over 
the quartermaster complained 

2392
02:05:05,800 --> 02:05:08,800
about dwindling pitch reserves, 
a courier arrived bearing. 

2393
02:05:08,800 --> 02:05:12,800
A wreath of rivers from hildred 
to the king who water's piece. 

2394
02:05:13,800 --> 02:05:16,300
I pinned it in the council 
chamber of our campaign map. 

2395
02:05:16,300 --> 02:05:20,200
Some mocked The Rustic token, 
others touched it like a relic 

2396
02:05:20,200 --> 02:05:22,500
for me. 
It represented both a reminder 

2397
02:05:22,500 --> 02:05:25,900
that swords and battles and a 
recognition that agreements and 

2398
02:05:25,900 --> 02:05:28,000
Wars. 
Thus my second year of King ship

2399
02:05:28,000 --> 02:05:29,700
closed, not with the coronation 
Feast. 

2400
02:05:29,700 --> 02:05:33,000
But with an accounting Ledger 
and a wreath, made by a former 

2401
02:05:33,000 --> 02:05:35,100
foe. 
I slept soundly that night for 

2402
02:05:35,100 --> 02:05:38,000
the first time since lifting. 
The blade Camelot was never 

2403
02:05:38,000 --> 02:05:40,600
marble. 
It was coarse Sandstone sweating

2404
02:05:40,600 --> 02:05:43,300
like an scaffolds creaking like 
old knees. 

2405
02:05:44,100 --> 02:05:46,700
Yet visitors entering its 
magnificent Hall, felt something

2406
02:05:46,700 --> 02:05:49,200
rare, the geometry of 
Fellowship. 

2407
02:05:50,200 --> 02:05:52,200
Roundtables. 
Contrary to gossip. 

2408
02:05:52,700 --> 02:05:55,100
Are terrible for hierarchy and 
perfect for Canada. 

2409
02:05:56,100 --> 02:05:59,300
My Smith's forged a 30-seat 
monster from Oak and riveted 

2410
02:05:59,300 --> 02:06:02,700
iron bands. 
It smelled of resin and rain. 

2411
02:06:02,700 --> 02:06:04,200
On the day, we slid it into 
place. 

2412
02:06:04,200 --> 02:06:07,300
The crack it made across the 
flagstones felt like a Nell 

2413
02:06:07,300 --> 02:06:10,500
tolling for privilege. 
Within a month debates at that 

2414
02:06:10,500 --> 02:06:13,800
board range from Maritime 
tariffs to whether owls could 

2415
02:06:13,800 --> 02:06:17,200
predict Frost so better beer 
cited all the ring thickness, 

2416
02:06:17,200 --> 02:06:20,100
charts Dame reannon 
cross-checked, shipping dockets 

2417
02:06:20,100 --> 02:06:23,500
from Cornish ports. 
Laughter flared, daggers flashed

2418
02:06:23,500 --> 02:06:26,900
in to tabletops for emphasis but
each voice found equal purchase.

2419
02:06:28,000 --> 02:06:30,900
I learned to moderate like a 
choir Master Coke singing, 

2420
02:06:30,900 --> 02:06:35,600
Melody from opinion, Court 
politics, I discovered is less 

2421
02:06:35,600 --> 02:06:37,900
duel. 
The duet the themes, offered 

2422
02:06:37,900 --> 02:06:41,300
harmonies tested Discord 
resolved or embraced as 

2423
02:06:41,300 --> 02:06:45,600
Counterpoint Social experiments,
however, breed social 

2424
02:06:45,600 --> 02:06:48,200
consequences. 
My Baron's grumbled that 

2425
02:06:48,200 --> 02:06:50,900
franklyn farmers now sucked 
alongside them during Harvest 

2426
02:06:50,900 --> 02:06:55,100
councils one sneered that 
peasants stank of manure a 

2427
02:06:55,100 --> 02:06:57,600
replied sweetly. 
So does the Earth we all depend 

2428
02:06:57,600 --> 02:07:00,900
on? 
The rotor and Silent respect and

2429
02:07:00,900 --> 02:07:04,800
Silent enemies soon. 
Anonymous leaflets with still 

2430
02:07:04,800 --> 02:07:07,700
tacky ink. 
Accused me of hobnobbing with 

2431
02:07:07,700 --> 02:07:11,100
swine herds while. 
I neglected Noble Bloodlines I 

2432
02:07:11,100 --> 02:07:13,700
left the pamphlets tacked to 
gate-posts nothing. 

2433
02:07:13,700 --> 02:07:17,900
Defang slander like daylight 
Domestic alliances formed in 

2434
02:07:17,900 --> 02:07:21,000
subtler currents, when we first 
established a guild of 

2435
02:07:21,000 --> 02:07:23,700
herbalists recruiting peasant 
women, whose willow bark 

2436
02:07:23,700 --> 02:07:25,800
tinctures outperformed, monastic
leech. 

2437
02:07:25,800 --> 02:07:29,900
Craft Knights wounded in jousts,
found themselves with policies, 

2438
02:07:29,900 --> 02:07:32,800
prepared by hands. 
They want to dismissed heeling, 

2439
02:07:32,800 --> 02:07:34,800
unlike War proved in different 
to pedigree. 

2440
02:07:35,700 --> 02:07:38,600
Watching the queen, Neil beside 
a Tanner's daughter grinding. 

2441
02:07:38,600 --> 02:07:42,200
Sage into Salve reminded me. 
Governance can bloom at ground 

2442
02:07:42,200 --> 02:07:45,400
level evening's rippled with 
softer intrigues. 

2443
02:07:45,400 --> 02:07:49,700
Minstrels sang Breton lays 
jugglers tossed, iron Apple's 

2444
02:07:49,700 --> 02:07:53,900
Lancelot bright as Dawn on new 
steel LED sparring exhibitions 

2445
02:07:53,900 --> 02:07:57,400
that Drew appreciative gasps. 
My admiration for him was a 

2446
02:07:57,400 --> 02:08:00,800
delicate balance. 
I felt pride in having a fierce 

2447
02:08:00,800 --> 02:08:04,900
comrade, but also unease at the 
way Gwen heifer's eyes Shone 

2448
02:08:04,900 --> 02:08:08,800
like Moonlight when Lance Lot. 
I told myself trust is stronger 

2449
02:08:08,800 --> 02:08:11,700
than jealousy. 
My heart argued, otherwise, in 

2450
02:08:11,700 --> 02:08:15,000
Sleepless Whispers. 
A commissioned, a scriptorium, 

2451
02:08:15,000 --> 02:08:18,600
hiring Greek copyists formerly. 
Marooned in Exeter, by piracy 

2452
02:08:18,600 --> 02:08:22,400
they illuminated legal codices, 
with Celadon, inks rendering 

2453
02:08:22,400 --> 02:08:26,600
statutes, almost luminous. 
Literacy rates crept upward the 

2454
02:08:26,600 --> 02:08:29,300
stewards demanded to read 
decrees rather than memorize 

2455
02:08:29,300 --> 02:08:31,700
them. 
When a reef from Devon 

2456
02:08:31,700 --> 02:08:34,400
petitioned, for the right to 
cite code, in a land dispute and

2457
02:08:34,400 --> 02:08:39,100
1, the cheers in the hall out, 
Sean, any tournament raw words? 

2458
02:08:39,100 --> 02:08:42,100
Became both weapons and Shields 
and every child who learned to 

2459
02:08:42,100 --> 02:08:45,300
etch letters into wax inherited 
a small amount of power 

2460
02:08:45,300 --> 02:08:50,400
religion, that Restless Fox 
proud our Hen House ROMs Emery's

2461
02:08:50,400 --> 02:08:53,700
urged higher tithes, Druids 
insisted the Spring Equinox, 

2462
02:08:53,700 --> 02:08:57,900
remain a feast day. 
My compromise dual calendars 

2463
02:08:57,900 --> 02:09:00,700
duel. 
The offerings did not fully 

2464
02:09:00,700 --> 02:09:04,800
satisfy the sect, but they 
helped to prevent riots Unity, I

2465
02:09:04,800 --> 02:09:08,600
learned is not homogeneity. 
It is The Artful overlap of 

2466
02:09:08,600 --> 02:09:11,900
dissimilar circles. 
Merlin called it interlace 

2467
02:09:11,900 --> 02:09:15,200
sovereignty, like Celtic 
knotwork where strands meet part

2468
02:09:15,200 --> 02:09:18,800
and meet again with without 
severing, still friction sparked

2469
02:09:18,800 --> 02:09:21,900
when a night, struck a surfer. 
Stepping on his cloak, I hold 

2470
02:09:21,900 --> 02:09:25,000
the offender before the round 
table and find him triple the 

2471
02:09:25,000 --> 02:09:28,400
annual grain tribute. 
He collected Outrage ruled. 

2472
02:09:28,400 --> 02:09:32,500
Among old families, peasants 
toasted inside a Lofts Justice 

2473
02:09:32,500 --> 02:09:34,200
though. 
Blind is rarely silent. 

2474
02:09:35,100 --> 02:09:38,000
Between crises, I sought quiet 
with Gwyn in the orchard 

2475
02:09:38,000 --> 02:09:40,400
Courtyard where our first Apple 
crop dangled. 

2476
02:09:40,400 --> 02:09:46,700
She confessed fear of plague 
Invasion and her childlessness I

2477
02:09:46,700 --> 02:09:50,100
confessed fear of a kingdom 
boyed by my Charisma rather than

2478
02:09:50,100 --> 02:09:54,000
structural strength. 
Charisma dies when she said, so 

2479
02:09:54,000 --> 02:09:56,800
do kings. 
We resolved to embed 

2480
02:09:56,800 --> 02:10:00,900
redundancies delegate treasury 
to 3 Coast stewards, rotate 

2481
02:10:00,900 --> 02:10:03,200
militia. 
Captain's quarterly and copy 

2482
02:10:03,200 --> 02:10:05,600
archives. 
Scrolls in triplicate, we 

2483
02:10:05,600 --> 02:10:09,800
decided to govern by scaffold. 
Knot by personality one, Amber 

2484
02:10:09,800 --> 02:10:14,400
dusk Troubadours, rehearsed to 
Ballard calling me Rex futurists

2485
02:10:14,400 --> 02:10:17,900
The Once and Future King the 
phrase sent a cold shiver along 

2486
02:10:17,900 --> 02:10:20,800
my spine. 
Legends petrified living in to 

2487
02:10:20,800 --> 02:10:23,900
symbols, symbols risk, 
shattering under inquiry. 

2488
02:10:23,900 --> 02:10:27,300
I walked out before they could 
finish and spent the night in 

2489
02:10:27,300 --> 02:10:30,200
the Smithy helping shop and 
scythes for Harvest volunteers. 

2490
02:10:31,200 --> 02:10:34,300
Sparkly sleeves iron rang in my 
bones. 

2491
02:10:35,100 --> 02:10:37,500
Real king ship. 
I reminded myself smelled not of

2492
02:10:37,500 --> 02:10:39,600
incense but of hot metal and 
tough questions. 

2493
02:10:40,500 --> 02:10:42,600
As Autumn fog. 
Muffled Camelot, I watched 

2494
02:10:42,600 --> 02:10:45,800
Ravens pinwheel over parapets, 
they're called sounded like 

2495
02:10:45,800 --> 02:10:48,200
quarrels from a distance like 
council at close range. 

2496
02:10:48,200 --> 02:10:52,000
I listened for patterns, hoping 
that amidst the cause and 

2497
02:10:52,000 --> 02:10:54,700
Council squabbles. 
I could still discern the rhythm

2498
02:10:54,700 --> 02:10:57,900
of the realm chaotic diverse and
vibrant love. 

2499
02:10:57,900 --> 02:11:00,300
When braided with rulership 
phrase at stress points. 

2500
02:11:00,300 --> 02:11:03,500
I learned the truth, the Knight 
Gwen FIFA fail to return from 

2501
02:11:03,500 --> 02:11:06,700
Vespers Lantern in hand. 
I combed The Cloisters until 

2502
02:11:06,700 --> 02:11:08,700
dawn finding only Footprints and
Stone. 

2503
02:11:08,700 --> 02:11:12,100
Cold beeswax. 
She reappeared at Sunrise cloak 

2504
02:11:12,100 --> 02:11:14,100
damp. 
Claiming prayer had carried her 

2505
02:11:14,100 --> 02:11:16,900
Beyond time. 
I believed her until a squire 

2506
02:11:16,900 --> 02:11:20,400
whispered of last slots in 
tethered near the aqueduct ruins

2507
02:11:20,400 --> 02:11:22,800
jealousy, can outpace any 
charger. 

2508
02:11:23,800 --> 02:11:25,900
That morning. 
I presided over petitions with 

2509
02:11:25,900 --> 02:11:28,400
iron politeness but parchment 
edges. 

2510
02:11:28,400 --> 02:11:32,000
Shredded, under my grip rumors 
possess a multi-faceted nature. 

2511
02:11:32,900 --> 02:11:35,600
A spilled cup in the refectory. 
Became proof of an adulterous 

2512
02:11:35,600 --> 02:11:38,200
packed. 
A misfiled stable roster, 

2513
02:11:38,200 --> 02:11:40,100
mutated into clandestine 
Rendezvous. 

2514
02:11:40,100 --> 02:11:43,200
I addressed none directly hoping
discretion. 

2515
02:11:43,200 --> 02:11:46,400
Might starve speculation instead
it fattened. 

2516
02:11:47,100 --> 02:11:49,400
Hansel of avoided, my gaze 
during Lance drills. 

2517
02:11:49,400 --> 02:11:52,900
When we found busy to herself in
the herb garden eyes. 

2518
02:11:52,900 --> 02:11:57,100
Rimmed red, Merlin sentencing 
fracture suggested a pilgrimage 

2519
02:11:57,100 --> 02:12:01,400
to Saint Albans for conjugal 
renewal nearly laughed miracles 

2520
02:12:01,400 --> 02:12:03,700
of the Sacred Springwood. 
Not mend brittle. 

2521
02:12:03,700 --> 02:12:06,200
Trust war. 
In Scandal. 

2522
02:12:06,900 --> 02:12:09,200
Pictish raids carried. 
Our Northern Garrison's. 

2523
02:12:09,200 --> 02:12:12,100
Forcing A muster at Hadrian's 
broken wall. 

2524
02:12:13,500 --> 02:12:16,300
In frigid drizzle. 
I marched alongside Lancelot 

2525
02:12:16,300 --> 02:12:19,100
sharing campfire. 
Silence as men sharp and sea axe

2526
02:12:19,100 --> 02:12:23,800
blades on the eve of Engagement.
He finally spoke My loyalty is 

2527
02:12:23,800 --> 02:12:26,600
yours. 
He whispered his voice was Roar 

2528
02:12:26,600 --> 02:12:29,400
as peat smoke. 
I wish he had said, affection or

2529
02:12:29,400 --> 02:12:32,600
even desire words that might 
name the shadow between us 

2530
02:12:32,600 --> 02:12:35,400
instead. 
Loyalty that slippery, coin, 

2531
02:12:35,400 --> 02:12:38,900
rolled into darkness. 
Battle against the picts, proved

2532
02:12:38,900 --> 02:12:42,100
brutal, but brief their 
skirmishes scattered. 

2533
02:12:42,100 --> 02:12:43,800
After our heavy horse, flanked 
them through. 

2534
02:12:43,800 --> 02:12:47,900
Misty Birch copses, the victory,
did not alleviate my emotions. 

2535
02:12:47,900 --> 02:12:50,500
On return. 
I found Gwen wife are pale and 

2536
02:12:50,500 --> 02:12:53,200
fevered. 
She had miscarried a secret 

2537
02:12:53,200 --> 02:12:54,200
child. 
I'd never known. 

2538
02:12:54,200 --> 02:12:58,600
She carried grief, welded a 
strangely wept together beneath 

2539
02:12:58,600 --> 02:13:01,300
quilts, while rain scratched, 
the shutters like quills 

2540
02:13:01,300 --> 02:13:04,200
scripting tragedy Suspicion for 
a while. 

2541
02:13:04,200 --> 02:13:07,600
Drowned beneath shared loss. 
Caught however has no patience 

2542
02:13:07,600 --> 02:13:10,700
for the private morning. 
Accuses soon, hissed that the 

2543
02:13:10,700 --> 02:13:14,300
Lost Bay bore, not Pendragon 
blood, but Lance a lots and 

2544
02:13:14,300 --> 02:13:15,500
fury. 
I convened, a closed. 

2545
02:13:15,500 --> 02:13:19,000
Tribunal Gawain Morgan. 
And Damien, as a judicators, 

2546
02:13:19,800 --> 02:13:22,100
Evidence. 
Proved vaporous, testimony 

2547
02:13:22,100 --> 02:13:26,300
colored by Envy the panel. 
Dismissed charges yet a 

2548
02:13:26,300 --> 02:13:27,700
quittell. 
Cannot erase insinuation. 

2549
02:13:27,700 --> 02:13:32,400
Lancelot requested leave for 
solitary Penance Gwen, heifer, 

2550
02:13:32,400 --> 02:13:34,800
prayed daily in the Chapel's 
darkest Niche. 

2551
02:13:34,800 --> 02:13:39,000
A hairline crack in the kingdoms
found like frost under paint. 

2552
02:13:39,900 --> 02:13:43,500
Politics sensed weakness 
Mordred, my nephew, fostered at 

2553
02:13:43,508 --> 02:13:46,900
court began, cultivating 
malcontents, dispossessed, 

2554
02:13:46,900 --> 02:13:50,800
Barons and debt burden Merchants
his rhetoric skewered, my 

2555
02:13:50,800 --> 02:13:54,700
egalitarian reforms. 
Arthur feeds peasants, but the 

2556
02:13:54,700 --> 02:13:57,800
Stars chivalry, Listening from 
behind a tapestry. 

2557
02:13:57,800 --> 02:14:01,400
I recognized hunger in his tone 
not for justice, but for my 

2558
02:14:01,400 --> 02:14:05,400
Throne betrayal by Blood weighed
heavier than adultery is Rumer 

2559
02:14:05,400 --> 02:14:08,200
yet. 
I hesitated public reprimand 

2560
02:14:08,200 --> 02:14:11,400
might matter him. 
I sought Merlin's council at 

2561
02:14:11,400 --> 02:14:15,500
midnight, under a sky braised by
Aurora. he traced constellation 

2562
02:14:15,500 --> 02:14:19,200
in the frost on the parapet, A 
king must prune to save the 

2563
02:14:19,200 --> 02:14:21,600
orchard. 
He said, but not all blossoms. 

2564
02:14:21,600 --> 02:14:26,100
You several weeds his riddles, 
once Charming now, exhausted me.

2565
02:14:26,900 --> 02:14:29,200
Snapped. 
Speak by speak plainly. 

2566
02:14:29,200 --> 02:14:32,200
He touched my shoulder, waitlist
pitying. 

2567
02:14:32,900 --> 02:14:36,700
Find the true route, he answered
or what will trunk, and fruit 

2568
02:14:36,700 --> 02:14:39,800
alike? 
the next day I ordered a 

2569
02:14:39,800 --> 02:14:43,200
tournament to channel courtly 
aggression jousts, clanged 

2570
02:14:43,200 --> 02:14:47,600
banners snapped and the populace
roared approval, Lancelot newly 

2571
02:14:47,600 --> 02:14:50,700
returned unseated, every 
Challenger until only Mordred 

2572
02:14:50,700 --> 02:14:54,400
remained Their final pass ended 
in a splintering collision. 

2573
02:14:54,400 --> 02:14:58,700
Mordred toppled, lancelot's 
Lance buried in Turf, cheers 

2574
02:14:58,700 --> 02:15:01,600
erupted but Mordred Rose 
grinning blood on his lip. 

2575
02:15:02,300 --> 02:15:05,300
Behold your Champion. 
He called to the stands, friend,

2576
02:15:05,300 --> 02:15:09,500
to Queen and King alike. 
Applause, faltered suspicion, 

2577
02:15:09,500 --> 02:15:13,200
rekindled, the acclaimed seemed 
to Exile, Lance Lot as he bowed 

2578
02:15:13,200 --> 02:15:15,700
stiffly and left the field that 
evening. 

2579
02:15:15,700 --> 02:15:19,200
I stared into a silver base in 
watching, Torchlight Ripple 

2580
02:15:19,200 --> 02:15:23,000
across water, like molten doubt.
Choices presented themselves. 

2581
02:15:23,000 --> 02:15:27,200
Like Duelists exposed the affair
and risk civil fracture swallow,

2582
02:15:27,200 --> 02:15:30,100
pride, and risk. 
Moral, Decay, or punish rumor 

2583
02:15:30,100 --> 02:15:33,700
and risk tyranny. 
None felt Royal all felt human 

2584
02:15:33,700 --> 02:15:37,400
in the end, I chose delay 
believe in time, could cauterize

2585
02:15:37,400 --> 02:15:39,900
wounds history, would call that 
indecision. 

2586
02:15:40,700 --> 02:15:43,100
Yet in that moment. 
I was still the boy of 17. 

2587
02:15:43,100 --> 02:15:48,900
A crown to Big calculating that 
love even bruised was lighter to

2588
02:15:48,900 --> 02:15:52,700
Bear the bloodshed. 
A clasp, the circlet straighten,

2589
02:15:52,700 --> 02:15:55,800
my spine and prepared for 
whatever Scabbard Destiny would 

2590
02:15:55,800 --> 02:15:58,500
draw next. 
Not every Saga of rule is 

2591
02:15:58,500 --> 02:16:02,600
wrought in steel. 
Many unfold in Bali, Three 

2592
02:16:02,600 --> 02:16:05,400
Summers after the picture Fair, 
drought crisped the Midlands 

2593
02:16:05,400 --> 02:16:09,400
streams, shrank to Pebble 
staircases and sheep nibbled 

2594
02:16:09,400 --> 02:16:12,600
dust. 
My Granary ledgers bled reading.

2595
02:16:13,400 --> 02:16:16,800
Famine is a slower blade than 
War but kills as surely I 

2596
02:16:16,800 --> 02:16:20,300
summoned economists though, we 
lack that word for emergency 

2597
02:16:20,300 --> 02:16:23,400
Council. 
Go away in pragmatic as ever. 

2598
02:16:23,400 --> 02:16:27,700
Advise seizing Surplus from 
hoarding, Baron's Gwen wife are 

2599
02:16:27,700 --> 02:16:29,500
proposed seed, grants and 
communal Mills. 

2600
02:16:29,500 --> 02:16:33,600
Lance Lancelot recently returned
from self-imposed Exile offered 

2601
02:16:33,600 --> 02:16:37,500
to a skort relief. 
Convoys amid logistical, 

2602
02:16:37,500 --> 02:16:41,500
squabbling among named Galion 
arrived, bearing Tales of a 

2603
02:16:41,500 --> 02:16:43,900
relic. 
A chalice reputed to refill in 

2604
02:16:43,900 --> 02:16:47,700
exhaustively a Grail. 
He claimed it lay hidden in the 

2605
02:16:47,708 --> 02:16:51,000
ruined Valley of Anar guarded by
faith rather than fortification.

2606
02:16:51,900 --> 02:16:54,400
Hungry people, overhearing 
seized upon myth. 

2607
02:16:54,400 --> 02:16:58,000
The way parched lips. 
Cling to Dream Water soon. 

2608
02:16:58,000 --> 02:17:01,600
Pilgrims clogged Crossroads, 
abandoning plows and Plumb lines

2609
02:17:01,600 --> 02:17:04,100
to search. 
Holy girly's grain yields 

2610
02:17:04,100 --> 02:17:07,700
plummeted further. 
I recognize danger, scarcity 

2611
02:17:07,700 --> 02:17:11,400
breeds credulity credulity 
baguettes chaos yet. 

2612
02:17:11,400 --> 02:17:15,100
I also recognize narrative 
power, Merlin once said stories 

2613
02:17:15,100 --> 02:17:17,299
are scaffolds humans climb to 
reach outcomes. 

2614
02:17:17,299 --> 02:17:21,100
Reason alone, cannot fetch. 
So I sanctioned and exploratory 

2615
02:17:21,100 --> 02:17:24,400
Quest not to chase Miracles but 
to restore Focus. 

2616
02:17:24,400 --> 02:17:27,700
Lancelot would lead. 
Galion would guide. 

2617
02:17:27,700 --> 02:17:31,000
I would underwrite supplies 
behind closed doors. 

2618
02:17:31,000 --> 02:17:36,100
I told them returned with truth.
Knot Talisman truth sells dear 

2619
02:17:36,100 --> 02:17:39,299
in famine. 
They departed in Midsomer while 

2620
02:17:39,299 --> 02:17:41,400
I remained to wrestle 
spreadsheets of oats versus 

2621
02:17:41,400 --> 02:17:44,000
population. 
A dispatched Riders to 

2622
02:17:44,000 --> 02:17:47,299
confiscate hordes at Cost Plus 
10% a fair premium. 

2623
02:17:48,200 --> 02:17:53,299
Baron's bought cayenne forced 
wagons rolled At night, I walked

2624
02:17:53,299 --> 02:17:56,400
in cognito through Village 
alehouses, listening to Whispers

2625
02:17:56,400 --> 02:17:58,600
some cursed me as a grainy 
Thief. 

2626
02:17:58,600 --> 02:18:02,100
Others blessed me for flatbread,
still warm in Ash on ovens 

2627
02:18:02,100 --> 02:18:04,700
approval. 
I learned is never unanimous. 

2628
02:18:05,500 --> 02:18:07,900
Effective policy, quarts, equal,
praise and Scorn. 

2629
02:18:08,799 --> 02:18:11,400
Meanwhile Gwen with far 
organized spinning circles where

2630
02:18:11,400 --> 02:18:14,200
Idle Hands produced linen to 
trade for imported Rye. 

2631
02:18:14,900 --> 02:18:17,100
The queen who wants orchestrated
Luke recitals. 

2632
02:18:17,100 --> 02:18:19,700
Now Bartered thread counts 
against kalorik yield. 

2633
02:18:21,200 --> 02:18:23,500
Her eyes, lost some brightness, 
but gained steadiness. 

2634
02:18:24,200 --> 02:18:26,200
Partnership. 
We discovered a new could 

2635
02:18:26,200 --> 02:18:29,299
transcend Romance. 
In Autumn the questing party 

2636
02:18:29,299 --> 02:18:32,700
returned gaunt, Mud Street and 
empty-handed. 

2637
02:18:32,700 --> 02:18:36,000
They found no Grail. 
Instead they discovered a 

2638
02:18:36,000 --> 02:18:38,799
collapsed Monastery Library 
where architectural fragments 

2639
02:18:38,799 --> 02:18:41,799
indicated that Roman aqueduct 
channels had rerouted spring 

2640
02:18:41,799 --> 02:18:44,299
water underground Galleon. 
Wept. 

2641
02:18:44,299 --> 02:18:47,500
His faith. 
Cracked Lancelot knelt. 

2642
02:18:48,900 --> 02:18:51,200
Slab of marble etched with Latin
reading. 

2643
02:18:51,200 --> 02:18:55,100
Aqua doctor vivifica drawn 
water, brings life was profited 

2644
02:18:55,100 --> 02:18:57,900
before me. 
We found an engineering Marvel. 

2645
02:18:57,900 --> 02:19:03,000
He murdered not a miracle. 
I hugged him publicly declaring 

2646
02:19:03,000 --> 02:19:05,500
the inscription, a holy message,
directing us to practical 

2647
02:19:05,500 --> 02:19:09,600
salvation We mobilize Masons to 
rehabilitate those Subterranean 

2648
02:19:09,600 --> 02:19:12,400
channels. 
When water surface, again in 

2649
02:19:12,400 --> 02:19:15,400
frosted Fields Galleon 
proclaimed, its sign enough 

2650
02:19:15,400 --> 02:19:19,100
pilgrims return to plows, 
barley, Germany in resurrected 

2651
02:19:19,100 --> 02:19:22,700
soil, famine abated, not by 
chalice, but by Limestone, 

2652
02:19:22,700 --> 02:19:26,400
leveraged and labor, still 
barred sang of a Grail 

2653
02:19:26,400 --> 02:19:29,100
uncovered. 
Hope prefers cup imagery to 

2654
02:19:29,100 --> 02:19:31,500
culverts. 
I let the myths stand. 

2655
02:19:32,600 --> 02:19:35,200
If people sleep easier, 
believing Providence favored 

2656
02:19:35,200 --> 02:19:36,600
them. 
Let them dream. 

2657
02:19:37,700 --> 02:19:40,799
The grain crisis taught me 
economy or mix is theology 

2658
02:19:40,799 --> 02:19:44,200
wrapped in numbers to feed 
bodies, we must first feed 

2659
02:19:44,200 --> 02:19:47,900
belief belief that tomorrow's 
loaf exists without that Trust 

2660
02:19:47,900 --> 02:19:51,000
coin Hoards Vault upward like 
drawbridge's cutting off 

2661
02:19:51,000 --> 02:19:54,000
circulation. 
The Roundtable issued, the first

2662
02:19:54,000 --> 02:19:57,800
bred depository notes parchment.
Chits guaranteeing a fixed 

2663
02:19:57,800 --> 02:20:01,400
ration, redeemable in any County
Granary some Scholars called it.

2664
02:20:01,400 --> 02:20:04,800
Proto currently. 
Peasants called it Arthur's 

2665
02:20:04,800 --> 02:20:07,400
word. 
In either tongue famine loosened

2666
02:20:07,400 --> 02:20:09,400
its grip during the Harvest 
Festival. 

2667
02:20:09,400 --> 02:20:12,400
I addressed the gathered throng 
beneath bundled Chiefs stacked 

2668
02:20:12,400 --> 02:20:15,600
like copper obelisks The Grail. 
We saw it. 

2669
02:20:15,600 --> 02:20:18,300
I said, proved to be the will to
work together. 

2670
02:20:19,600 --> 02:20:22,800
Skeptical grunts mixed with 
cheers but I sensed a new tone 

2671
02:20:22,800 --> 02:20:25,500
in the crowd. 
A spark of Civic confidence. 

2672
02:20:25,500 --> 02:20:29,600
Legends, may spark action yet 
outcomes, a rooted in the 

2673
02:20:29,600 --> 02:20:32,100
tangible. 
My realm learned that year how 

2674
02:20:32,100 --> 02:20:35,200
infrastructure can mask a 
miracle if narrated properly. 

2675
02:20:36,300 --> 02:20:39,000
When the Revels subsided Gwen 
wife far and I walked the 

2676
02:20:39,000 --> 02:20:42,700
orchard path under lanterns, we 
spoke no word of Lance Lot or 

2677
02:20:42,700 --> 02:20:46,200
miscarriage, only of next, 
year's seeds and the color of 

2678
02:20:46,200 --> 02:20:49,800
dawn on ripening grain. 
We discovered that piece was as 

2679
02:20:49,800 --> 02:20:52,700
quotidian and delicate. 
As spider silk woven across plow

2680
02:20:52,700 --> 02:20:55,700
farrows, easily broken, readily 
Rover. 

2681
02:20:56,700 --> 02:20:58,800
In my journal. 
I recorded the observation that 

2682
02:20:58,800 --> 02:21:02,100
a king is half Granary Clark and
half Storyteller forget either 

2683
02:21:02,100 --> 02:21:05,400
half and the kingdom, starves 
Merlin later, read the line 

2684
02:21:05,400 --> 02:21:08,500
chuckled and pronounced it. 
The truest magic I would ever 

2685
02:21:08,500 --> 02:21:12,600
wield Prosperity, irritates 
complacent adversaries Five 

2686
02:21:12,600 --> 02:21:16,300
Winters after the drought Norse 
long ships knifed into 7 Esters 

2687
02:21:16,300 --> 02:21:18,900
disgorging Warriors armored in 
Bear. 

2688
02:21:18,900 --> 02:21:22,600
Pelts, their raids threatened, 
our trade arteries, I mobilized 

2689
02:21:22,600 --> 02:21:26,600
a coalition simmer Slingers, 
anglian Bowman and Saxon 

2690
02:21:26,600 --> 02:21:30,200
auxiliaries Bound by the old 
Dortmund, treaty, even Mordred 

2691
02:21:30,200 --> 02:21:34,100
aging into statement, like 
gravity played spearmint our 

2692
02:21:34,100 --> 02:21:36,700
muster at different Club was the
largest Britain had seen in 

2693
02:21:36,700 --> 02:21:38,700
Generations on the eve of 
battle. 

2694
02:21:38,700 --> 02:21:41,600
A red storm, birthed, 
Thunderhead, anvils that blotted

2695
02:21:41,600 --> 02:21:44,500
out Stars superstitious murmurs 
surged. 

2696
02:21:44,500 --> 02:21:47,600
I convened, the Army around 
Beacon fires and spoke not of 

2697
02:21:47,608 --> 02:21:50,400
divine mandate. 
But of shared markets, shared 

2698
02:21:50,400 --> 02:21:54,600
marriages and shared bread, who 
here eats Grain Mill Beyond his 

2699
02:21:54,600 --> 02:21:58,300
Parish hands Rose, who drinks 
cider pressed by folk with 

2700
02:21:58,308 --> 02:22:03,100
foreign grandmothers more hands.
Then you already fight together 

2701
02:22:03,100 --> 02:22:05,800
every Harvest tomorrow. 
Only formalizes. 

2702
02:22:05,800 --> 02:22:08,200
What you practice silence? 
A thoughtful. 

2703
02:22:08,200 --> 02:22:12,000
One answered combat exploded. 
At dawn Norse, Berserkers 

2704
02:22:12,000 --> 02:22:14,800
bellowed under horn blasts, 
rushing our Vanguard like River 

2705
02:22:14,800 --> 02:22:17,100
ice. 
My Center buckled. 

2706
02:22:17,100 --> 02:22:20,700
I wrote the perimeter rallying 
foot arches into wedge formation

2707
02:22:20,700 --> 02:22:24,100
of are redirected reserves 
through Willow, scrub to flank 

2708
02:22:24,100 --> 02:22:27,000
their Shield wall. 
The rain slicked, the Helms and 

2709
02:22:27,000 --> 02:22:29,500
the clay sucked, the boots, I 
witnessed death up. 

2710
02:22:29,500 --> 02:22:32,500
Close a flute Voice page 
skewered through lungs. 

2711
02:22:32,500 --> 02:22:36,500
A pictish mercenary slipping on 
entrails and a priest clutching,

2712
02:22:36,500 --> 02:22:38,300
a splintered crucifix, like a 
cudgel. 

2713
02:22:39,200 --> 02:22:41,100
Wars. 
Indiscriminate appetite never 

2714
02:22:41,100 --> 02:22:44,500
altered mid melee. 
I locked eyes with the North. 

2715
02:22:44,500 --> 02:22:47,200
Yale. 
A giant crowned by a raven Helm.

2716
02:22:47,200 --> 02:22:50,500
He charged excretion against my 
shield. 

2717
02:22:50,500 --> 02:22:53,700
Driving me backwards until X 
Caliber caught the half and 

2718
02:22:53,700 --> 02:22:55,700
sheared it. 
Spark showered. 

2719
02:22:55,700 --> 02:22:59,200
His Helms skewed. 
Exposing startled, blue irises. 

2720
02:23:00,000 --> 02:23:03,500
Before I could finish a Saxon 
Ally intercepted with a spear 

2721
02:23:03,500 --> 02:23:07,800
thrust, the Yale fell victory, 
pivoted in that flicker a 

2722
02:23:07,800 --> 02:23:10,000
coalition's blade saving a king 
who wants viewed. 

2723
02:23:10,000 --> 02:23:15,300
Saxon's only as foeman irony, 
tastes metallic indeed by dusk 

2724
02:23:15,300 --> 02:23:18,600
surviving enemies fled toward 
the surf leaving by the silence.

2725
02:23:18,600 --> 02:23:21,300
Filled with death are deadly 
into lace. 

2726
02:23:21,300 --> 02:23:25,900
No regard for ethnicity. 
Just Stillness I ordered a 

2727
02:23:25,900 --> 02:23:28,900
shared burial mound. 
No segregation by tribe and 

2728
02:23:28,900 --> 02:23:31,100
inscribed a lintel. 
They so defense. 

2729
02:23:31,100 --> 02:23:33,600
We reap tomorrow. 
Some scoffed at the 

2730
02:23:33,600 --> 02:23:36,800
sentimentality yet, I needed 
living Minds to remember costs 

2731
02:23:36,800 --> 02:23:40,900
that night huddled under rain. 
Patched canvas, I felt an old 

2732
02:23:40,900 --> 02:23:44,100
wound near my ribs throb like a 
metronome Gwen. 

2733
02:23:44,100 --> 02:23:48,400
Heifer sat beside me her hand. 
Steadying the poultice we said, 

2734
02:23:48,400 --> 02:23:50,800
little understanding 
conversation with garnish, 

2735
02:23:50,800 --> 02:23:54,600
exhaustion with regret. 
Help Beyond tent walls, Bard's 

2736
02:23:54,600 --> 02:23:57,300
tuned Liars to. 
We Victory into oral tapestry. 

2737
02:23:57,300 --> 02:24:01,700
Before grief cooled, Legend 
Works fastest on Fresh blood. 

2738
02:24:02,900 --> 02:24:06,300
Mordred approached at dawn 
helmet under arm expression. 

2739
02:24:06,300 --> 02:24:08,700
Unreadable, he congratulated me 
yet. 

2740
02:24:08,700 --> 02:24:12,800
Something in his posture. 
Two straight to silent troubled 

2741
02:24:12,800 --> 02:24:15,300
me. 
Rumor later whispered he covered

2742
02:24:15,300 --> 02:24:16,700
in the admiration. 
My Battlefield. 

2743
02:24:16,700 --> 02:24:19,400
Survival commanded I made a 
mental note. 

2744
02:24:19,400 --> 02:24:23,100
Watch the nephew who smile 
revealed more than warmth. 

2745
02:24:23,900 --> 02:24:26,100
We returned to Camelot trailing 
wagons of wounded. 

2746
02:24:26,100 --> 02:24:30,000
Cheers greeted us but is quickly
flick to casualty carts. 

2747
02:24:30,000 --> 02:24:32,600
Triumphs age rapidly when widows
count. 

2748
02:24:32,600 --> 02:24:35,600
Absences, I declared a fortnite 
of mourning before any 

2749
02:24:35,600 --> 02:24:38,800
celebration and the court 
accepted this decision, however,

2750
02:24:38,800 --> 02:24:41,500
Merchants were concerned about 
the potential loss of Revenue. 

2751
02:24:42,300 --> 02:24:46,000
And Council, we moved to fortify
Estuary beacons, create River, 

2752
02:24:46,000 --> 02:24:49,100
patrols and negotiate neutrality
packs with Danish settlements. 

2753
02:24:49,900 --> 02:24:54,200
Strategy matured not conquer but
discourage the Kingdom's fabric.

2754
02:24:54,200 --> 02:24:58,100
Now densely woven discouraged, 
single thread repairs Weeks 

2755
02:24:58,100 --> 02:25:01,000
Later, Merlin gaunt, coffren 
visited my solar. 

2756
02:25:01,000 --> 02:25:04,500
He traced campaign maps with a 
shaking finger pronouncing, the 

2757
02:25:04,500 --> 02:25:09,500
realm near its Zenith, I asked 
what follows zenith He answered 

2758
02:25:09,500 --> 02:25:13,000
Shadow unless vigilance berms 
like a second Dawn. 

2759
02:25:13,000 --> 02:25:16,600
He then placed a raven feather 
on my desk Ravens. 

2760
02:25:16,600 --> 02:25:21,100
Remember kindness, but Feast on 
complacency he said to, before I

2761
02:25:21,100 --> 02:25:24,300
frame to response, I stared long
at that feather. 

2762
02:25:25,000 --> 02:25:27,300
Had complacency already nested 
in my Council. 

2763
02:25:28,100 --> 02:25:32,200
Mordred stiff, congratulations, 
repay played Gwen wife's 

2764
02:25:32,200 --> 02:25:34,200
lingering sadness. 
Remained unresolved. 

2765
02:25:34,200 --> 02:25:36,400
Lance Lots loyalty. 
Persisted. 

2766
02:25:36,400 --> 02:25:40,500
Yet felt fragile Victory. 
Paradoxical highlighted, the 

2767
02:25:40,500 --> 02:25:43,000
fractures that success had only 
partially sealed. 

2768
02:25:43,000 --> 02:25:46,900
Victory similar to forge steel 
is hard yet susceptible to 

2769
02:25:46,900 --> 02:25:49,300
Hidden cracks caused by the 
quenching process. 

2770
02:25:49,300 --> 02:25:52,700
Still, I slept that night 
content that the realm endured 

2771
02:25:52,700 --> 02:25:56,100
on the window, ledge, The Raven,
feather in the breeze. 

2772
02:25:56,900 --> 02:25:59,200
I dreamed. 
I planted it in soil, and it 

2773
02:25:59,200 --> 02:26:02,500
sprouted into a black leaf tree,
casting complicated shade. 

2774
02:26:03,200 --> 02:26:06,400
When I woke dawned on the 
horizon in different yet 

2775
02:26:06,400 --> 02:26:10,100
generous the kingdom breathed, 
for now, peace unraveled, three 

2776
02:26:10,100 --> 02:26:14,200
years later, not by Foreign sale
but by domestic ambition Mordred

2777
02:26:14,200 --> 02:26:17,300
bolstered by disaffected Nobles.
And Whispers of my failing 

2778
02:26:17,300 --> 02:26:20,600
Vigor, declared the realm should
move from sentimental roundness 

2779
02:26:20,600 --> 02:26:24,400
to firm, straight lines, his 
manifestos crisp Vellum, 

2780
02:26:24,400 --> 02:26:27,700
Goulding to cried my tolerance, 
as weakness and my mixed 

2781
02:26:27,700 --> 02:26:31,000
councils as Corruption of 
lineage old Knights Shrugged 

2782
02:26:31,000 --> 02:26:35,000
younger captains listened, 
momentum tilts kingdoms. 

2783
02:26:35,000 --> 02:26:37,600
I confronted Mordred in the 
council Hall. 

2784
02:26:37,600 --> 02:26:41,600
The air smelled of damp rushes 
and old Tallow, he argued 

2785
02:26:41,600 --> 02:26:44,500
succession law claiming pain 
Dragon blood in title him to 

2786
02:26:44,500 --> 02:26:47,500
Regency while I convalesced from
battle fatigue. 

2787
02:26:48,400 --> 02:26:51,300
My anger sharpened, my voice 
leading me to label him as an 

2788
02:26:51,300 --> 02:26:53,900
oathbreaker. 
Yet, I hesitated to order an 

2789
02:26:53,900 --> 02:26:56,700
arrest family, impressive and 
Tangled my judgment. 

2790
02:26:56,700 --> 02:27:00,300
That hesitation granted him in 
Nightfall to have North with 

2791
02:27:00,300 --> 02:27:02,600
300. 
Lance the treasuries reserve 

2792
02:27:02,600 --> 02:27:07,400
gold and a captive when wife are
The pursuit culminated at 

2793
02:27:07,400 --> 02:27:09,300
Cameron's, missed shrouded. 
Plane. 

2794
02:27:09,300 --> 02:27:13,200
The rain fell heavily. 
Our armies formed up under a 

2795
02:27:13,200 --> 02:27:16,800
slate Sky, transforming, the 
round table ideal into a 

2796
02:27:16,800 --> 02:27:19,100
geometric horror before the 
charge. 

2797
02:27:19,100 --> 02:27:22,300
I attempted parley. 
I offered Exile and a stipend. 

2798
02:27:22,300 --> 02:27:26,700
In armorica mortared laughed? 
Calling me a relic. we clashed 

2799
02:27:26,700 --> 02:27:29,900
battle consumed vision and 
hearing until only pulse 

2800
02:27:29,900 --> 02:27:33,700
remained I found Mordred. 
Amid Briar thickets red plume 

2801
02:27:33,700 --> 02:27:38,700
soaked words fail swords, spoke 
his style mirrored mine tempered

2802
02:27:38,700 --> 02:27:41,800
by resentment. 
We traded blows until Excalibur 

2803
02:27:41,800 --> 02:27:44,800
cleaved his shield. 
He lunged at me wielding iron, 

2804
02:27:44,800 --> 02:27:49,000
in both fists and stabbed my 
thigh pain detonated by my eyes,

2805
02:27:49,000 --> 02:27:53,300
but I pivoted Excalibur upward 
into his queer ass, the sword 

2806
02:27:53,300 --> 02:27:56,400
lodged in bone, his breath 
exited like extinguished 

2807
02:27:56,400 --> 02:27:59,400
Bellows. 
He whispered round ends here, 

2808
02:27:59,400 --> 02:28:03,200
then collapsed pulling my 
balance with him, I tore the 

2809
02:28:03,200 --> 02:28:07,000
Blade free but I staggered as my
thigh wound gushed warmth into 

2810
02:28:07,000 --> 02:28:12,700
the mud chaos ebbed by dusk. 
Both armies leaderless with Drew

2811
02:28:12,700 --> 02:28:16,100
in wounded whimpers. 
I lay under thorny Hawthorne 

2812
02:28:16,100 --> 02:28:19,500
rain stinging. 
The wound Gwen, heifer, found 

2813
02:28:19,500 --> 02:28:22,000
the hours later face, streaked 
with Ash. 

2814
02:28:22,000 --> 02:28:26,100
She pressed Lin in tears mixing 
with blood like blurred her 

2815
02:28:26,100 --> 02:28:28,100
voice sounded like surf on a 
distant Shore. 

2816
02:28:28,100 --> 02:28:31,600
I felt softness. 
Perhaps Lance Lots, cloak, cover

2817
02:28:31,600 --> 02:28:34,600
me someone wept. 
The old Bretton lament reserved 

2818
02:28:34,600 --> 02:28:37,000
for Harvest deaths. 
They ferried me to Avalon's 

2819
02:28:37,000 --> 02:28:40,300
marshy Isle accompanied by 
Merlin and three cloaked 

2820
02:28:40,300 --> 02:28:43,200
priestesses night heron shrieked
overhead. 

2821
02:28:44,700 --> 02:28:47,000
In a read Rift. 
Hospice, I hovered between sleep

2822
02:28:47,000 --> 02:28:50,000
and Echo. 
Merlin murmured Kings. 

2823
02:28:50,000 --> 02:28:52,900
Do not die. 
They redistribute into stories. 

2824
02:28:54,300 --> 02:28:57,100
I wanted to ask about grain 
reserves and treaty renewal 

2825
02:28:57,100 --> 02:29:01,700
mundane legacies, but speech, 
faltered, when, with our 

2826
02:29:01,700 --> 02:29:04,700
squeezed, my hand, the first 
uncomplicated gesture in years 

2827
02:29:04,700 --> 02:29:09,000
at Dawn's Haze, I instructed bed
of are to return Excalibur to 

2828
02:29:09,000 --> 02:29:12,800
the lake twice. 
He bought unwilling to discard 

2829
02:29:12,800 --> 02:29:15,900
Legend the third time. 
He hurled the blade into the 

2830
02:29:15,900 --> 02:29:19,100
Mist a silver arm. 
They say, Rose to clean it. 

2831
02:29:19,900 --> 02:29:23,400
I never witnessed it yet. 
I believe some objects deserve 

2832
02:29:23,400 --> 02:29:25,900
Mythic custody. 
Once human hands exhausted. 

2833
02:29:25,900 --> 02:29:29,400
The breath thin. 
I recalled frost on my first 

2834
02:29:29,400 --> 02:29:32,100
Crown morning The Reef of reads 
from Eldred. 

2835
02:29:32,100 --> 02:29:36,200
The grain, vouchers children, 
scribbling letters Saxon Traders

2836
02:29:36,200 --> 02:29:39,800
bowing at toll House's. 
When wife's herb gild and Lance 

2837
02:29:39,800 --> 02:29:43,500
Lot spearing on mordred's 
Shield, none of it is perfect 

2838
02:29:43,500 --> 02:29:46,500
but all of it is real. 
I hope to history would keep it 

2839
02:29:46,500 --> 02:29:50,400
at least fragments in tacked as 
the Skylight brightened, a 

2840
02:29:50,400 --> 02:29:54,000
released when we first fingers. 
He kissed my temple murmuring, 

2841
02:29:54,000 --> 02:29:57,100
forgiveness, neither of us, 
fully understood Merlin 

2842
02:29:57,100 --> 02:29:58,300
whispered. 
The final riddle. 

2843
02:29:59,100 --> 02:30:03,500
The Once and Future King, not a 
promise of bodily return, but a 

2844
02:30:03,500 --> 02:30:07,000
warning that any generation may 
need to wear responsibility in. 

2845
02:30:07,000 --> 02:30:09,800
You. 
I exhaled tasting Apple Blossom 

2846
02:30:09,800 --> 02:30:13,500
carried on a salt Breeze. 
When Consciousness lifted, I saw

2847
02:30:13,500 --> 02:30:17,300
not Gates of paradise but a vast
Round Table of faceless figures 

2848
02:30:17,300 --> 02:30:19,600
debating drought relief and 
treaty clauses. 

2849
02:30:19,600 --> 02:30:22,600
I smiled. 
Work continues. 

2850
02:30:23,600 --> 02:30:26,500
The vision receded. 
Silence arrived. 

2851
02:30:27,400 --> 02:30:30,000
Coda Chronicle of The Ledger 
King monks. 

2852
02:30:30,000 --> 02:30:33,000
Who recorded the camera and ruin
would later puzzle over the 

2853
02:30:33,000 --> 02:30:36,600
scarcity of gold loot Gwen. 
Heifer, had secretly donated 

2854
02:30:36,600 --> 02:30:39,300
treasury bars to rebuild the 
hamlets that had been displayed 

2855
02:30:39,300 --> 02:30:43,800
Lancelot vanished into Hermitage
copying agricultural treatises 

2856
02:30:43,800 --> 02:30:47,900
for posterity the round table 
burned in a later seed, yet, 

2857
02:30:47,900 --> 02:30:50,900
charcoal shards, discovered 
centuries later, or scratches of

2858
02:30:50,900 --> 02:30:53,600
early property. 
Law Legends took shape in other 

2859
02:30:53,600 --> 02:30:58,100
places transforming, my identity
into a romantic ideal that is 

2860
02:30:58,108 --> 02:31:01,500
acceptable. 
Let's songbirds have the shiny 

2861
02:31:01,500 --> 02:31:03,600
fragments while archivists told 
the legends. 

2862
02:31:04,500 --> 02:31:07,400
If you ambitious reader seek 
guidance from my experience's 

2863
02:31:07,400 --> 02:31:10,900
consider this King ship 
parenting project management 

2864
02:31:10,900 --> 02:31:15,200
marriage and citizenship all 
require a similar approaches 

2865
02:31:15,200 --> 02:31:17,400
unlocked center of gravity 
forward. 

2866
02:31:17,400 --> 02:31:19,200
One question. 
Always ahead. 

2867
02:31:20,000 --> 02:31:24,100
What does the next Dawn require 
ask each morning crown or no 

2868
02:31:24,100 --> 02:31:26,700
crown? 
Then lift, whatever sword Ledger

2869
02:31:26,700 --> 02:31:29,700
or Ladle, the work demands. 
And remember grain sometimes 

2870
02:31:29,700 --> 02:31:42,400
matters more than Grails. 
You know, how some days start 

2871
02:31:42,400 --> 02:31:45,100
perfectly ordinary and then take
a left turn into absolutely 

2872
02:31:45,100 --> 02:31:48,300
bonkers. 
Well, Tuesday, Morning, began 

2873
02:31:48,300 --> 02:31:50,800
with me standing. 
In my kitchen coffee, mug in 

2874
02:31:50,800 --> 02:31:53,600
hand staring at the antique, 
brass Compass, I'd inherited 

2875
02:31:53,600 --> 02:31:56,500
from great art Moira. 
The thing had been Gathering 

2876
02:31:56,500 --> 02:31:58,000
dust on my windowsill for 
months. 

2877
02:31:58,800 --> 02:32:01,000
But something about the way, the
Morning Light caught, its 

2878
02:32:01,000 --> 02:32:02,500
warning Cravings made me. 
Pick it up. 

2879
02:32:03,900 --> 02:32:07,500
The compass felt surprisingly 
warm in my palm almost like it 

2880
02:32:07,500 --> 02:32:10,000
had been sitting in sunshine all
morning instead of shadow. 

2881
02:32:10,900 --> 02:32:13,600
A traced, the Celtic knots 
carved around its rim with my 

2882
02:32:13,600 --> 02:32:16,600
finger wandering. 
If Moira had actually used this 

2883
02:32:16,600 --> 02:32:19,400
thing, or if it was just another
piece of Scottish, family, 

2884
02:32:19,400 --> 02:32:23,100
folklore, collecting cobwebs, 
the needle, spun lazily 

2885
02:32:23,100 --> 02:32:26,500
pointing, not North, but to some
direction that seemed to exist, 

2886
02:32:26,500 --> 02:32:28,300
only in its own mysterious 
geography. 

2887
02:32:29,200 --> 02:32:31,200
That's when things got 
interesting in the way that 

2888
02:32:31,200 --> 02:32:33,200
makes you question your morning 
coffee choices. 

2889
02:32:34,400 --> 02:32:37,300
The world around me began to 
Shimmer like heat waves rising 

2890
02:32:37,300 --> 02:32:40,500
from Summer pavement. 
Except my kitchen suddenly felt 

2891
02:32:40,500 --> 02:32:43,800
anything but warm. 
Colors bled at the edges of my 

2892
02:32:43,800 --> 02:32:46,700
vision and that peculiar 
ringing, you get in your ears 

2893
02:32:46,700 --> 02:32:48,300
during airplane, takeoff filled,
my head. 

2894
02:32:48,300 --> 02:32:52,800
I had just enough time to think.
Well, this is either a stroke or

2895
02:32:52,800 --> 02:32:55,700
something considerably more 
unusual before everything went 

2896
02:32:55,700 --> 02:32:58,700
sideways time travel. 
As it turns out, feels 

2897
02:32:58,700 --> 02:33:01,600
remarkably like being tumbled in
the world's largest washing 

2898
02:33:01,600 --> 02:33:04,900
machine, while someone plays a 
bagpiper Orchestra directly into

2899
02:33:04,900 --> 02:33:07,300
your skull, not unpleasant, 
exactly. 

2900
02:33:07,300 --> 02:33:10,100
But definitely not something 
you'd want to experience right 

2901
02:33:10,100 --> 02:33:13,100
after breakfast. 
The Sensational lasted either 

2902
02:33:13,100 --> 02:33:16,700
three seconds or three centuries
time, being somewhat negotiable 

2903
02:33:16,700 --> 02:33:18,900
during interdimensional Transit 
apparently. 

2904
02:33:19,600 --> 02:33:22,400
When the world stopped spinning 
like a cosmic carnival ride? 

2905
02:33:22,400 --> 02:33:25,500
I found myself standing in what 
appeared to be a meadow that had

2906
02:33:25,500 --> 02:33:28,600
never heard of lawn mowers hedge
trimmers or any other. 

2907
02:33:28,600 --> 02:33:33,300
Modern convenience is Tallgrass,
swayed around my ankles dotted 

2908
02:33:33,300 --> 02:33:35,900
with wildflowers, that looked 
like they'd stepped straight out

2909
02:33:35,900 --> 02:33:37,800
of a medieval illuminated 
manuscript. 

2910
02:33:37,800 --> 02:33:41,500
The are carried since I couldn't
quite place would smoke 

2911
02:33:41,500 --> 02:33:44,200
something cooking. 
That might have been bred in the

2912
02:33:44,208 --> 02:33:46,800
earthy richness of a world where
exhaust fumes hadn't been 

2913
02:33:46,800 --> 02:33:50,100
invented yet. 
The silence hit me first. 

2914
02:33:50,900 --> 02:33:53,900
Not the kind of quiet you get in
Suburban neighborhoods at 2:00 

2915
02:33:53,900 --> 02:33:56,900
in the morning, but the deep 
breathing Silence of a place 

2916
02:33:56,900 --> 02:33:59,500
where the loudest sound for 
Miles might be a bird calling or

2917
02:33:59,500 --> 02:34:03,300
wind moving through leaves, no 
traffic, whom no air 

2918
02:34:03,300 --> 02:34:06,500
conditioning units. 
No distant leaf blowers just the

2919
02:34:06,500 --> 02:34:09,200
world as it existed before we 
filled it with the constant 

2920
02:34:09,200 --> 02:34:10,700
background chorus of Modern 
Life. 

2921
02:34:11,900 --> 02:34:15,000
I looked down at the compass, 
still clutched in my hand, it's 

2922
02:34:15,000 --> 02:34:17,700
needle now pointed steadily in 
One Direction with the 

2923
02:34:17,708 --> 02:34:20,600
confidence of something that 
finally knew where it belonged. 

2924
02:34:21,300 --> 02:34:24,900
The brass felt cool again 
ordinary as if it had never been

2925
02:34:24,900 --> 02:34:28,000
anything more than a family 
heirloom, with a tendency toward

2926
02:34:28,000 --> 02:34:31,600
dramatic gestures. 
The landscape stretched around 

2927
02:34:31,600 --> 02:34:34,100
me and Rolling Green Hills, that
seemed to go on forever 

2928
02:34:34,100 --> 02:34:37,700
punctuated by Stan's of trees 
that looked older than anything 

2929
02:34:37,700 --> 02:34:41,100
I'd ever seen. 
In the distant smoke Rose, from 

2930
02:34:41,100 --> 02:34:43,900
What Might Have Been chimneys, 
the calling them, chimneys might

2931
02:34:43,900 --> 02:34:46,600
be generous. 
Stone structures dotted, the 

2932
02:34:46,600 --> 02:34:49,600
hillside, not ruin's, but 
building's that were clearly 

2933
02:34:49,600 --> 02:34:52,900
lived in used part of someone's 
daily life. 

2934
02:34:53,800 --> 02:34:58,000
My modern clothes felt suddenly 
conspicuous Gene's and a fleece 

2935
02:34:58,000 --> 02:34:59,300
jacket. 
Probably won't go to help me 

2936
02:34:59,308 --> 02:35:02,800
blend in wherever or whenever 
I'd landed. 

2937
02:35:04,100 --> 02:35:08,100
The realization crept Over Me 
Slowly like cold water seeping 

2938
02:35:08,100 --> 02:35:11,300
through boots. 
I was no longer in Kansas Toto 

2939
02:35:11,300 --> 02:35:14,400
and I had a sneaking suspicion. 
I wasn't in the 21st century 

2940
02:35:14,400 --> 02:35:17,600
either. 
A distant sound drifted across 

2941
02:35:17,600 --> 02:35:20,600
the meadow voices, maybe. 
And something that could have 

2942
02:35:20,608 --> 02:35:24,100
been livestock. 
Civilization, or at least what 

2943
02:35:24,100 --> 02:35:26,400
passed for it in whatever era 
I'd stumbled into. 

2944
02:35:27,700 --> 02:35:30,600
The compass needle held steady 
pointing toward Those Distant 

2945
02:35:30,600 --> 02:35:33,900
wisps of smoke as if it knew 
exactly where I needed to go. 

2946
02:35:35,000 --> 02:35:36,800
I took a deep breath of air that
tasted like it. 

2947
02:35:36,800 --> 02:35:38,800
Had never met a factory 
adjusted. 

2948
02:35:38,800 --> 02:35:41,200
My grip on great. 
Aunt, moira's, compass and 

2949
02:35:41,200 --> 02:35:43,600
started walking toward, whatever
Adventure awaited. 

2950
02:35:43,600 --> 02:35:47,700
After all, when you accidentally
time travel to what appeared to 

2951
02:35:47,700 --> 02:35:51,100
be medieval, Scotland standing 
around in a meadow questioning 

2952
02:35:51,100 --> 02:35:53,700
Your Life Choices, seemed less 
productive than finding out 

2953
02:35:53,700 --> 02:35:57,600
where you'd actually ended up 
beside the coffee back home was 

2954
02:35:57,600 --> 02:35:59,800
getting cold. 
Anyway, walking through medieval

2955
02:35:59,800 --> 02:36:02,100
Scotland. 
I discovered, his like, hiking 

2956
02:36:02,100 --> 02:36:04,000
through the world's, most 
authentic historical 

2957
02:36:04,000 --> 02:36:07,800
re-enactment, except nobody told
you the rules and there's no 

2958
02:36:07,800 --> 02:36:10,300
gift shop at the end. 
Path. 

2959
02:36:10,300 --> 02:36:12,400
I followed. 
And I used the term path 

2960
02:36:12,400 --> 02:36:15,300
generously for what was 
essentially a suggestion of 

2961
02:36:15,300 --> 02:36:18,300
where people might have walked 
repeatedly wound through 

2962
02:36:18,300 --> 02:36:20,400
Countryside. 
That looked like every romantic 

2963
02:36:20,400 --> 02:36:23,000
Highland calendar. 
You've ever seen minus the 

2964
02:36:23,000 --> 02:36:26,300
modern photographers and plus a 
concerning amount of what might 

2965
02:36:26,300 --> 02:36:28,600
charitably be called, natural 
fertilizer. 

2966
02:36:29,400 --> 02:36:31,600
The compass led me toward a 
cluster of buildings that 

2967
02:36:31,600 --> 02:36:34,800
materialized from the landscape 
like something emerging from a 

2968
02:36:34,800 --> 02:36:37,100
dream. 
Stone Cottages with thatched 

2969
02:36:37,100 --> 02:36:40,200
roofs huddled together as if 
sharing warmth connected by. 

2970
02:36:40,200 --> 02:36:43,600
What I gradually recognized a 
streets in the same way that 

2971
02:36:43,600 --> 02:36:46,800
rivers are connected by 
riverbeds more suggestion than 

2972
02:36:46,800 --> 02:36:51,000
engineering Smoke curled from 
Chimneys in lazy, Spirals and 

2973
02:36:51,000 --> 02:36:53,100
the whole scene had that soft 
focus quality. 

2974
02:36:53,100 --> 02:36:56,400
You see in paintings except it 
smelled considerably more 

2975
02:36:56,400 --> 02:37:00,300
authentic. 
As I got closer, the sounds of 

2976
02:37:00,300 --> 02:37:03,500
daily life, began to filter 
through the morning are voices, 

2977
02:37:03,500 --> 02:37:06,700
spoke in such thick axons that 
they might as well have been 

2978
02:37:06,708 --> 02:37:10,000
speaking Gaelic, which I 
realized with growing concern, 

2979
02:37:10,000 --> 02:37:14,400
they probably were the rhythm of
hammering, the lowing of cattle 

2980
02:37:14,400 --> 02:37:17,700
and other sounds indicated that 
people were going about their 

2981
02:37:17,700 --> 02:37:21,000
perfectly normal, medieval 
morning routines, possibly from 

2982
02:37:21,000 --> 02:37:24,700
a Smithy nearby. 
The first person I encountered 

2983
02:37:24,700 --> 02:37:26,600
was a woman hanging laundry on a
line. 

2984
02:37:26,600 --> 02:37:28,800
Strung between two posts 
singing. 

2985
02:37:28,800 --> 02:37:31,600
Something under her breath, that
sounded like a lullaby written 

2986
02:37:31,600 --> 02:37:34,500
by someone who understood both 
Joy and sorrow intimately. 

2987
02:37:35,300 --> 02:37:37,900
She wore a long dress in a shade
of brown that probably had a 

2988
02:37:37,908 --> 02:37:43,700
fancy historical name like umber
or russet covered by an apron 

2989
02:37:43,700 --> 02:37:47,700
that had clearly seen heavy use.
When she spotted me approaching 

2990
02:37:47,700 --> 02:37:51,600
her song Trails off and she 
straightened slowly taking in my

2991
02:37:51,600 --> 02:37:54,300
appearance with the careful 
attention of someone evaluating 

2992
02:37:54,300 --> 02:37:57,900
whether I was lost dangerous or 
merely peculiar. 

2993
02:37:59,000 --> 02:38:01,600
Given my jeans sneakers and 
fleece jacket. 

2994
02:38:01,600 --> 02:38:05,800
I was probably hitting all three
categories, simultaneously, the 

2995
02:38:05,800 --> 02:38:08,000
conversation that ensued would 
have been amusing. 

2996
02:38:08,000 --> 02:38:12,400
If it hadn't been crucial to my 
immediate survival, She spoke in

2997
02:38:12,400 --> 02:38:15,600
what I eventually recognized as 
English, but English that had 

2998
02:38:15,600 --> 02:38:18,100
taken such a scenic route 
through time and Regional 

2999
02:38:18,100 --> 02:38:20,400
dialect. 
That understanding it required, 

3000
02:38:20,400 --> 02:38:23,200
the kind of mental gymnastics, 
usually reserved for solving 

3001
02:38:23,200 --> 02:38:26,300
crossword, puzzles in foreign 
languages through a combination 

3002
02:38:26,300 --> 02:38:29,200
of pointing pantomime and the 
universal language of looking 

3003
02:38:29,200 --> 02:38:32,200
completely bewildered and 
managed to communicate that. 

3004
02:38:32,200 --> 02:38:37,400
I was a traveler from well far 
away, seemed safer than 700 

3005
02:38:37,400 --> 02:38:40,400
years in the future, she 
introduced to self as a less 

3006
02:38:40,400 --> 02:38:43,300
which she pronounced in a way 
that made my attempts to repeat 

3007
02:38:43,300 --> 02:38:46,400
it sound like someone sneezing 
while trying to say Alice. 

3008
02:38:47,400 --> 02:38:50,100
Alice had the kind of practical 
kindness that comes from living 

3009
02:38:50,100 --> 02:38:52,600
in a world where Hospitality 
might be the difference between 

3010
02:38:52,600 --> 02:38:56,500
life and death for travelers. 
She scrutinized me thoroughly 

3011
02:38:56,500 --> 02:39:00,500
observing, my clearly unfamiliar
attire and apparent bewilderment

3012
02:39:00,500 --> 02:39:03,800
before making a seemingly 
decisive assessment of My 

3013
02:39:03,800 --> 02:39:06,900
overall Innocents. 
Within minutes, I found myself 

3014
02:39:06,900 --> 02:39:09,900
sitting on a wooden stool in her
cottage which was simultaneously

3015
02:39:09,900 --> 02:39:12,300
smaller and more complex than 
I'd expected. 

3016
02:39:13,100 --> 02:39:16,200
The single room served as 
kitchen, living room bedroom, 

3017
02:39:16,200 --> 02:39:19,000
and probably several other 
functions I hadn't identified 

3018
02:39:19,000 --> 02:39:22,100
yet. 
The fire burned in a stone half 

3019
02:39:22,100 --> 02:39:25,600
that dominated one wall, filling
the space with warmth and the 

3020
02:39:25,608 --> 02:39:28,100
kind of wood smoke that makes 
you think of winter evenings 

3021
02:39:28,100 --> 02:39:31,600
even in broad daylight. 
She ladled something from a pot 

3022
02:39:31,600 --> 02:39:34,700
hanging over the fire into a 
wooden bowl and handed it to me 

3023
02:39:34,700 --> 02:39:37,600
with the universal gesture of 
eat this before, you fall, over 

3024
02:39:37,600 --> 02:39:41,300
the stew, and I'm calling it 
stupid because that seemed like 

3025
02:39:41,300 --> 02:39:43,900
the closest modern equivalent 
containing ingredients. 

3026
02:39:43,900 --> 02:39:47,500
I couldn't entirely identify but
which tasted like someone had 

3027
02:39:47,500 --> 02:39:50,200
managed to make comfort food out
of whatever was available in a 

3028
02:39:50,208 --> 02:39:54,900
world before, grocery stores? 
As I ate Alias continued talking

3029
02:39:54,900 --> 02:39:57,000
in her musical, incomprehensible
dialect. 

3030
02:39:57,700 --> 02:39:59,900
Occasionally gesturing at my 
clothes or the compass. 

3031
02:39:59,900 --> 02:40:03,000
I still carried. 
I nodded at what seemed like 

3032
02:40:03,000 --> 02:40:06,100
appropriate intervals and tried 
to look grateful, rather than 

3033
02:40:06,100 --> 02:40:09,600
completely lost, which wasn't 
difficult since I was in fact, 

3034
02:40:09,600 --> 02:40:14,100
deeply thankful, and completely 
lost The stew was surprisingly, 

3035
02:40:14,100 --> 02:40:17,500
delicious warming, me deeply and
easing, the residual 

3036
02:40:17,500 --> 02:40:19,400
disorientation from my temporal 
Journey. 

3037
02:40:20,400 --> 02:40:23,900
Outside the village continued. 
Its daily Rhythm blissfully 

3038
02:40:23,900 --> 02:40:26,500
unaware that someone from the 
future was sitting in alias's 

3039
02:40:26,500 --> 02:40:28,300
cottage. 
Trying to figure out how to 

3040
02:40:28,300 --> 02:40:30,000
explain the concept of time 
travel. 

3041
02:40:30,000 --> 02:40:33,800
Through interpretive dance, 
medieval Scottish Villages, I 

3042
02:40:33,800 --> 02:40:37,000
learned over the following days,
operate on a social system, that

3043
02:40:37,000 --> 02:40:40,300
makes modern office politics. 
Look straightforward, everyone 

3044
02:40:40,300 --> 02:40:43,500
knows everyone else's business, 
but they discuss it in such 

3045
02:40:43,500 --> 02:40:46,800
elaborate circumlocution. 
That understanding what's 

3046
02:40:46,800 --> 02:40:50,100
actually happening requires, the
analytical skills of a detective

3047
02:40:50,100 --> 02:40:52,600
and the patience of a saint 
Ilyas. 

3048
02:40:52,600 --> 02:40:55,200
With her practical demeanor 
appeared to have taken on the 

3049
02:40:55,200 --> 02:40:57,500
role of my cultural interpreter 
and general care. 

3050
02:40:57,500 --> 02:40:59,700
Taker. 
She'd found me clothes. 

3051
02:40:59,700 --> 02:41:01,800
That wouldn't immediately Mark 
me as either foreign or 

3052
02:41:01,800 --> 02:41:05,000
potentially magical a long tunic
in undyed. 

3053
02:41:05,000 --> 02:41:09,400
Wool, rough Brown, trousers and 
shoes that were less shoes and 

3054
02:41:09,400 --> 02:41:11,500
more leather suggestions wrapped
around my feet. 

3055
02:41:12,500 --> 02:41:15,500
The transformation from 21st 
century person to medieval 

3056
02:41:15,500 --> 02:41:17,900
peasant was remarkably thorough 
though. 

3057
02:41:17,900 --> 02:41:20,800
I kept the compass hidden in in 
a pocket, like a technological 

3058
02:41:20,800 --> 02:41:23,700
talisman. 
The daily rhythm of village life

3059
02:41:23,700 --> 02:41:25,800
unfolded around me like a 
complex dance. 

3060
02:41:26,600 --> 02:41:28,900
I was learning one stumbling 
step at a time. 

3061
02:41:29,700 --> 02:41:32,700
People rose with the sun because
artificial lighting consisted of

3062
02:41:32,700 --> 02:41:36,400
candles and firelight both too 
precious to waste on staying up 

3063
02:41:36,400 --> 02:41:40,400
late, binge watching anything. 
Work commenced immediately and 

3064
02:41:40,400 --> 02:41:43,400
persisted until dusk, 
interspersed with meals that 

3065
02:41:43,400 --> 02:41:45,400
became unique events. 
Food. 

3066
02:41:45,400 --> 02:41:48,600
I discovered was both simpler 
and more complicated than I'd 

3067
02:41:48,600 --> 02:41:51,500
expected simpler because 
ingredients were limited to what

3068
02:41:51,500 --> 02:41:55,300
could be grown caught or raised 
locally more complicated because

3069
02:41:55,300 --> 02:41:57,700
preparing even basic meals 
required skills. 

3070
02:41:57,700 --> 02:42:01,100
I'd never developed like knowing
which wild plants were edible 

3071
02:42:01,100 --> 02:42:04,200
versus which ones would make you
see colors that didn't exist. 

3072
02:42:05,100 --> 02:42:06,800
At least took my culinary 
education. 

3073
02:42:06,800 --> 02:42:10,100
Seriously teaching me to 
identify herbs by smell and 

3074
02:42:10,100 --> 02:42:13,100
touch to judge when bread was 
properly needed. 

3075
02:42:13,100 --> 02:42:16,500
By the way, the dough felt under
my hands and to attend a fire, 

3076
02:42:16,500 --> 02:42:19,200
so it provided steady heat. 
Without consuming, all the fuel,

3077
02:42:19,200 --> 02:42:22,400
these lessons came with running 
commentary and her musical 

3078
02:42:22,400 --> 02:42:26,400
dialect most of which went over 
my head that some of which I was

3079
02:42:26,400 --> 02:42:29,300
beginning to understand through 
sheer repetition and context. 

3080
02:42:30,100 --> 02:42:32,700
The Village Blacksmith a man 
named Hamish who looked like he 

3081
02:42:32,700 --> 02:42:35,700
could arm wrestle bears for 
entertainment became another. 

3082
02:42:35,700 --> 02:42:39,600
Inadvertent teacher He spoke 
even less comprehensible English

3083
02:42:39,600 --> 02:42:42,400
than Alias, but his 
demonstration of metalworking 

3084
02:42:42,400 --> 02:42:45,500
were clear enough. 
Watching him shape iron with 

3085
02:42:45,500 --> 02:42:48,600
hammer and fire was like seeing 
magic that happened to obey the 

3086
02:42:48,600 --> 02:42:51,400
laws of physics. 
The rhythmic ringing of his 

3087
02:42:51,400 --> 02:42:54,300
hammer, provided The Villages 
soundtrack, the steady, 

3088
02:42:54,300 --> 02:42:56,500
percussion that marked the 
passage of working hours. 

3089
02:42:57,500 --> 02:43:00,400
What struck me most was how much
everyone knew about everything 

3090
02:43:00,400 --> 02:43:04,700
ALS could predict whether by 
reading clouds identify plants 

3091
02:43:04,700 --> 02:43:06,400
that would cure headaches or 
settle. 

3092
02:43:06,400 --> 02:43:10,700
Stomachs spin wool into thread 
weave thread into cloth and cook

3093
02:43:10,700 --> 02:43:13,100
meals that turned basic 
ingredients into something 

3094
02:43:13,100 --> 02:43:14,100
approaching. 
Delicious. 

3095
02:43:14,100 --> 02:43:17,700
Hamish could make tools 
Horseshoes and weapons and 

3096
02:43:17,700 --> 02:43:19,200
probably fix anything made of 
metal. 

3097
02:43:20,300 --> 02:43:23,000
Everyone possessed practical 
knowledge that had been passed 

3098
02:43:23,000 --> 02:43:25,100
down through generations of 
trial and error. 

3099
02:43:25,900 --> 02:43:29,000
I mean while knew how to operate
my microwave and had strong 

3100
02:43:29,000 --> 02:43:33,000
opinions about coffee brands. 
The skill Gap was humbling, the 

3101
02:43:33,000 --> 02:43:35,900
social dynamics fascinated, me 
and ways that probably weren't 

3102
02:43:35,900 --> 02:43:38,700
entirely healthy. 
Decisions seemed to emerge from 

3103
02:43:38,700 --> 02:43:41,900
informal discussions that could 
last days with everyone 

3104
02:43:41,900 --> 02:43:45,300
contributing opinions in ways 
that looked chaotic but followed

3105
02:43:45,300 --> 02:43:46,900
patterns. 
I was slowly learning to 

3106
02:43:46,900 --> 02:43:50,800
recognize leadership existed but
was more collaborative than 

3107
02:43:50,800 --> 02:43:54,000
hierarchical at least on the 
level of daily Village Life. 

3108
02:43:55,100 --> 02:43:58,000
My presence had become a source 
of mild entertainment for 

3109
02:43:58,000 --> 02:44:00,200
everyone. 
People needed to teach the 

3110
02:44:00,200 --> 02:44:03,500
stranger who appeared out of 
nowhere basic survival skills, 

3111
02:44:03,500 --> 02:44:05,200
that most people learned as 
children. 

3112
02:44:06,300 --> 02:44:09,800
But there was no mockery in 
their attention, just curiosity 

3113
02:44:09,800 --> 02:44:12,700
and the kind of practical 
helpfulness that comes from 

3114
02:44:12,700 --> 02:44:15,400
living in a community where 
everyone survival, depends on 

3115
02:44:15,400 --> 02:44:18,900
everyone else's competence. 
The evenings were my favorite 

3116
02:44:18,900 --> 02:44:22,000
time after the work was done and
the Animals settled for the 

3117
02:44:22,000 --> 02:44:24,200
night. 
People would gather around fires

3118
02:44:24,200 --> 02:44:26,800
to share stories songs and 
whatever passed for local 

3119
02:44:26,800 --> 02:44:29,300
gossip. 
These sessions were like a 

3120
02:44:29,300 --> 02:44:32,500
combination of theater news, 
broadcast and social media feed 

3121
02:44:32,500 --> 02:44:34,500
all rolled into an oral 
tradition. 

3122
02:44:34,500 --> 02:44:38,200
That stretched back Generations.
I listened more than I spoke 

3123
02:44:38,200 --> 02:44:41,400
partly because understanding 
this stories required, most of 

3124
02:44:41,400 --> 02:44:44,600
my mental processing power, but 
mainly because the story telling

3125
02:44:44,600 --> 02:44:47,800
itself was so rich, these were 
just Tales. 

3126
02:44:47,800 --> 02:44:51,300
They were living history, 
entertainment, moral instruction

3127
02:44:51,300 --> 02:44:54,800
in community memory, all woven 
together, in voices, that knew 

3128
02:44:54,800 --> 02:44:59,200
how to make words dance. 
Sitting by firelight surrounded 

3129
02:44:59,200 --> 02:45:01,700
by Voices, speaking. 
In rhythms older than written 

3130
02:45:01,700 --> 02:45:04,200
history. 
I began to understand why my 

3131
02:45:04,200 --> 02:45:06,300
great art moira's. 
Compass had brought me here. 

3132
02:45:07,700 --> 02:45:09,400
The present wasn't just a 
different time. 

3133
02:45:09,400 --> 02:45:12,800
It was a different way of Being 
Human won the operated on 

3134
02:45:12,800 --> 02:45:15,100
completely different to 
assumptions about What mattered,

3135
02:45:15,100 --> 02:45:18,300
and how life should be lived. 
Just when I started feeling 

3136
02:45:18,300 --> 02:45:21,200
reasonably confident about my 
ability to navigate medieval 

3137
02:45:21,200 --> 02:45:23,600
Scottish life without 
accidentally starting a witch 

3138
02:45:23,600 --> 02:45:26,000
trial or dieing from eating the 
wrong mushroom. 

3139
02:45:26,000 --> 02:45:29,500
The universe decided to remind 
me that historical periods. 

3140
02:45:29,500 --> 02:45:32,700
Come with historical problems. 
The kind that don't have modern 

3141
02:45:32,700 --> 02:45:35,800
solutions. 
Started with Hamish not showing 

3142
02:45:35,800 --> 02:45:38,000
up at his Forge for two 
consecutive days. 

3143
02:45:38,800 --> 02:45:41,200
In a village where everyone's 
routine was as predictable as 

3144
02:45:41,208 --> 02:45:43,800
sunrise. 
This was equivalent to the town 

3145
02:45:43,800 --> 02:45:48,000
clock stopping Alias noticed. 
First the way mother's notice 

3146
02:45:48,000 --> 02:45:51,700
when children are too quiet, 
stood in her doorway, looking 

3147
02:45:51,700 --> 02:45:54,300
toward the silent Smithy with 
the expression of someone 

3148
02:45:54,300 --> 02:45:58,000
calculating distances to the 
nearest, help the explanation 

3149
02:45:58,000 --> 02:46:01,500
when it came arrived in the form
of young tavish running through 

3150
02:46:01,500 --> 02:46:05,500
the village, like his hair was 
on fire, Shouting something and 

3151
02:46:05,500 --> 02:46:07,400
Rapid Gaelic. 
That sent every adult within 

3152
02:46:07,400 --> 02:46:10,500
hearing distance and to 
immediate action, even with my 

3153
02:46:10,500 --> 02:46:13,700
improving language skills, I 
caught only fragments something 

3154
02:46:13,700 --> 02:46:17,200
about Riders weapons and a word 
that might have been McLeod 

3155
02:46:17,200 --> 02:46:20,300
spoken in the tone usually 
reserved for natural disasters. 

3156
02:46:21,400 --> 02:46:23,700
Within minutes, The Village 
transformed from Sleepy. 

3157
02:46:23,700 --> 02:46:27,400
Rural community to organize 
Emergency Response, Team men 

3158
02:46:27,400 --> 02:46:28,900
appeared with weapons. 
I hadn't known. 

3159
02:46:28,900 --> 02:46:32,900
They possessed swords, Spears. 
And bows that looked both well 

3160
02:46:32,900 --> 02:46:37,200
maintained and frequently used. 
Women began securing livestock 

3161
02:46:37,200 --> 02:46:40,900
hiding valuables and preparing 
for what was clearly a familiar 

3162
02:46:40,900 --> 02:46:44,300
drill. 
Elise grab my arm with a grip 

3163
02:46:44,300 --> 02:46:47,800
that suggested this was not the 
time for questions, she led me 

3164
02:46:47,800 --> 02:46:51,000
to her Cottage where she began 
pulling up floorboards to reveal

3165
02:46:51,000 --> 02:46:52,600
a cache. 
That contained everything from 

3166
02:46:52,600 --> 02:46:56,200
silver coins to war and cloaks 
to what appeared to be important

3167
02:46:56,200 --> 02:46:59,800
documents in oil cloth. 
The Hiding Place was obviously 

3168
02:46:59,800 --> 02:47:01,600
well-played and frequently 
accessed. 

3169
02:47:02,400 --> 02:47:05,100
Through gestures and her 
increasingly urgent dialect. 

3170
02:47:05,100 --> 02:47:08,800
She managed to communicate that 
Raiders possibly Clan Rivals. 

3171
02:47:08,800 --> 02:47:12,300
Possibly just opportunistic. 
Troublemakers were approaching 

3172
02:47:12,300 --> 02:47:15,100
from the East. 
This was apparently a recurring 

3173
02:47:15,100 --> 02:47:17,600
problem, like having neighbors, 
who borrowed your tools and 

3174
02:47:17,600 --> 02:47:21,000
never returned them, except the 
tools were your livestock and 

3175
02:47:21,000 --> 02:47:25,400
the borrowing involved weapons. 
The next few hours unfolded, 

3176
02:47:25,400 --> 02:47:29,000
like a medieval Disaster Movie 
except with no special effects 

3177
02:47:29,000 --> 02:47:31,500
budget and considerably more 
authentic Terror. 

3178
02:47:33,000 --> 02:47:35,300
The Village emptied. 
As people moved to defensive 

3179
02:47:35,300 --> 02:47:38,100
positions or hiding places that 
had clearly been planted in 

3180
02:47:38,108 --> 02:47:41,200
advance. 
I found myself following a Alias

3181
02:47:41,200 --> 02:47:44,300
to a cave system in the nearby 
Hills along with most of the 

3182
02:47:44,300 --> 02:47:46,100
women children and elderly 
villagers. 

3183
02:47:46,100 --> 02:47:49,400
The caves were more 
sophisticated than I'd expected 

3184
02:47:49,400 --> 02:47:53,500
dry well, ventilated and stopped
with Supply that suggested, this

3185
02:47:53,500 --> 02:47:57,500
wasn't anyone's first rodeo. 
Someone had carved rough shells 

3186
02:47:57,500 --> 02:48:00,200
into the stone walls. 
And these held water containers 

3187
02:48:00,200 --> 02:48:03,200
preserved food, and bundles of 
warm clothing. 

3188
02:48:04,300 --> 02:48:06,600
This was infrastructure. 
Born from necessity. 

3189
02:48:07,400 --> 02:48:09,800
The kind of preparation that 
comes from living with ongoing 

3190
02:48:09,800 --> 02:48:13,500
uncertainty. 
Waiting in the cave listening to

3191
02:48:13,500 --> 02:48:15,800
the muffled sounds of what might
have been conflict in the 

3192
02:48:15,808 --> 02:48:18,100
distance. 
Gave me plenty of time to 

3193
02:48:18,100 --> 02:48:21,100
contemplate how unprepared I was
for medieval life's more 

3194
02:48:21,100 --> 02:48:24,300
challenging aspects. 
My modern sensibilities kept 

3195
02:48:24,300 --> 02:48:27,900
expecting someone in authority 
to handle the situation, police 

3196
02:48:27,900 --> 02:48:31,000
military, some form of organized
government response. 

3197
02:48:31,000 --> 02:48:34,700
Instead, the villagers were 
handling at themselves with the 

3198
02:48:34,700 --> 02:48:37,300
calm competence of people. 
Who'd never had the luxury of 

3199
02:48:37,300 --> 02:48:40,700
expecting rescue from outside 
hours passed with the kind of 

3200
02:48:40,708 --> 02:48:43,000
slow intensity. 
That makes you hyper aware of 

3201
02:48:43,000 --> 02:48:47,300
every sound children. 
Remained remarkably quiet as if 

3202
02:48:47,308 --> 02:48:49,700
they understood the stakes 
without needing explanation. 

3203
02:48:50,700 --> 02:48:53,800
Adults took turns at the cave, 
entrance, listening for signals 

3204
02:48:53,800 --> 02:48:57,200
that would indicate whether it 
was safe to return the compass. 

3205
02:48:57,200 --> 02:49:00,500
In my pocket, felt warm against 
my leg, a reminder that I had 

3206
02:49:00,500 --> 02:49:03,000
options. 
These people didn't I could 

3207
02:49:03,000 --> 02:49:06,000
potentially use it to return to 
my time and escape this danger 

3208
02:49:06,000 --> 02:49:10,900
entirely. but the thought like 
abandonment, like walking away 

3209
02:49:10,900 --> 02:49:13,500
from people who showed me 
kindness, when I was completely 

3210
02:49:13,500 --> 02:49:17,700
helpless, Late in the afternoon 
tavish appeared at the cave. 

3211
02:49:17,700 --> 02:49:21,400
Entrance with news delivered in 
excited, Whispers, the Raiders 

3212
02:49:21,400 --> 02:49:23,500
had moved on with without 
attacking the village directly 

3213
02:49:23,500 --> 02:49:26,200
deciding the target wasn't worth
the effort. 

3214
02:49:27,100 --> 02:49:30,100
But they'd taken livestock from 
the outlying Farms, including 

3215
02:49:30,100 --> 02:49:32,800
hamish's prize Bull, and several
sheep belonging to other 

3216
02:49:32,800 --> 02:49:35,500
families. 
The relief was palpable but it 

3217
02:49:35,508 --> 02:49:37,900
came mixed with the Grim 
understanding that the victory 

3218
02:49:37,900 --> 02:49:40,700
was only a temporary reprieve, 
medieval life. 

3219
02:49:40,700 --> 02:49:44,600
I realized existed in a constant
state of low-level emergency 

3220
02:49:44,600 --> 02:49:48,200
were security was temporary and 
survival required constant 

3221
02:49:48,200 --> 02:49:52,400
vigilance As we emerge from the 
caves and made our way back to 

3222
02:49:52,400 --> 02:49:54,700
the Village. 
I found myself looking at my 

3223
02:49:54,708 --> 02:49:58,900
temporary home with new eyes. 
These buildings were more than 

3224
02:49:58,900 --> 02:50:00,600
just Charming historical 
structures. 

3225
02:50:01,500 --> 02:50:05,300
They served as Fortress walls, 
safe harbors, and the delicate 

3226
02:50:05,300 --> 02:50:08,500
boundary between civilization 
and Chaos in a world more 

3227
02:50:08,500 --> 02:50:12,300
fragile than I had ever imagined
recovery from a medieval crisis.

3228
02:50:12,300 --> 02:50:14,600
I learned doesn't involve 
insurance claims or government 

3229
02:50:14,600 --> 02:50:17,100
assistance. 
It involves Community Action, 

3230
02:50:17,100 --> 02:50:20,400
that makes Barn raising look, 
casual the villagers response to

3231
02:50:20,400 --> 02:50:22,400
the recent raid played out like 
a carefully. 

3232
02:50:22,400 --> 02:50:24,600
Choreographed dance that 
everyone knew the steps to 

3233
02:50:24,600 --> 02:50:28,100
accept me. 
Within hours of returning from 

3234
02:50:28,100 --> 02:50:30,700
the caves assessment and 
redistribution began. 

3235
02:50:30,700 --> 02:50:34,600
Hamish's lost ball was borned 
briefly, then replaced through a

3236
02:50:34,608 --> 02:50:37,100
complex system of shared 
resources that involved, 

3237
02:50:37,100 --> 02:50:41,000
everyone contributing something 
grain, labor animals or 

3238
02:50:41,000 --> 02:50:42,700
promissory notes for future 
services. 

3239
02:50:43,800 --> 02:50:46,700
Watching this unfold was like 
seeing economics in its most 

3240
02:50:46,700 --> 02:50:50,100
basic form where value was 
measured in Practical terms and 

3241
02:50:50,100 --> 02:50:52,900
everyone survival depended on 
everyone else's generosity. 

3242
02:50:54,400 --> 02:50:57,600
My role in this recovery effort 
was initially unclear, I 

3243
02:50:57,600 --> 02:50:59,800
possessed. 
No, livestock to share No 

3244
02:50:59,800 --> 02:51:03,300
traditional skills to contribute
and no accumulated Social 

3245
02:51:03,300 --> 02:51:06,500
Capital to draw upon standing 
around looking sympathetic. 

3246
02:51:06,500 --> 02:51:08,800
Wasn't going to help anyone to 
replace stolen sheep. 

3247
02:51:09,800 --> 02:51:13,400
But I lease with her gift for 
practical Solutions, found ways 

3248
02:51:13,400 --> 02:51:17,100
to make me useful, she set me to
work, helping with tasks that 

3249
02:51:17,100 --> 02:51:20,000
required more hands than skill. 
Holding wool. 

3250
02:51:20,000 --> 02:51:23,200
While she spun it into thread 
carrying water for various 

3251
02:51:23,200 --> 02:51:25,700
household needs and learning to 
tend the fire. 

3252
02:51:25,700 --> 02:51:29,500
So it burned efficiently without
consuming pressures fuel These 

3253
02:51:29,500 --> 02:51:33,000
weren't glamorous contributions,
but they freed her to focus on 

3254
02:51:33,000 --> 02:51:36,500
more complex work which in turn 
help the overall Community 

3255
02:51:36,500 --> 02:51:39,300
effort. 
Compass in my pockets seem to 

3256
02:51:39,300 --> 02:51:42,200
pulse occasionally as if 
reminding me of its presence. 

3257
02:51:43,100 --> 02:51:45,600
Sometimes I'd catch myself 
wondering what would happen if I

3258
02:51:45,600 --> 02:51:47,700
use it? 
Whether I had returned to my own

3259
02:51:47,700 --> 02:51:50,500
time and place leaving this 
community to handle their 

3260
02:51:50,500 --> 02:51:52,400
challenges without the minor 
assistance. 

3261
02:51:52,400 --> 02:51:55,600
I was learning to provide The 
thought always left me feeling 

3262
02:51:55,600 --> 02:51:58,800
oddly Halo like contemplating 
leaving a book unfinished. 

3263
02:51:59,900 --> 02:52:03,400
As days passed, I began to 
understand the intricate social 

3264
02:52:03,400 --> 02:52:05,200
network that held the village 
together. 

3265
02:52:06,000 --> 02:52:07,800
Relationships here weren't just 
personal. 

3266
02:52:07,800 --> 02:52:11,500
They were economic political and
survival based all at once. 

3267
02:52:12,600 --> 02:52:14,900
When old Morag shared her 
preserved, vegetables with 

3268
02:52:14,900 --> 02:52:17,800
families, who lost stores to the
Raiders, she wasn't just being 

3269
02:52:17,800 --> 02:52:20,100
kind. 
She was investing in a network 

3270
02:52:20,100 --> 02:52:22,600
of reciprocity that might save 
her life someday. 

3271
02:52:23,600 --> 02:52:26,600
My language skills, improve 
through necessity and immersion.

3272
02:52:27,200 --> 02:52:30,500
Conversations that had been 
incomprehensible began revealing

3273
02:52:30,500 --> 02:52:33,200
their meanings though. 
I still missed subtleties and 

3274
02:52:33,200 --> 02:52:36,600
references to Shared history. 
The dialect was like a musical 

3275
02:52:36,608 --> 02:52:39,100
instrument. 
I was learning to play, I could 

3276
02:52:39,100 --> 02:52:42,500
manage simple Melodies but the 
complex compositions were still 

3277
02:52:42,500 --> 02:52:45,800
be on my reach. 
Hamish recovered from whatever 

3278
02:52:45,800 --> 02:52:48,200
had kept him away. 
During the raid took an interest

3279
02:52:48,200 --> 02:52:51,900
in my metalworking curiosity, 
his Forge, became a second 

3280
02:52:51,908 --> 02:52:54,800
classroom where I learned that 
working with iron required 

3281
02:52:54,800 --> 02:52:57,700
patience timing and physical 
strength. 

3282
02:52:57,700 --> 02:53:01,300
I was slowly developing the 
rhythm of hammer on Anvil was 

3283
02:53:01,300 --> 02:53:04,000
meditative in ways. 
I hadn't expected and there was 

3284
02:53:04,000 --> 02:53:07,100
profound satisfaction in shaping
metal into useful forms. 

3285
02:53:08,100 --> 02:53:11,100
Under his patient instruction, I
managed to create my first 

3286
02:53:11,100 --> 02:53:13,400
piece, a simple hook for hanging
pots. 

3287
02:53:13,400 --> 02:53:17,000
It was crude functional and 
probably embarrassing by 

3288
02:53:17,000 --> 02:53:19,900
medieval standards. 
But hey, Michelle examined it 

3289
02:53:19,900 --> 02:53:22,700
with the seriousness of a master
Craftsman of evaluating 

3290
02:53:22,700 --> 02:53:25,800
important work. 
His nod of approval felt like 

3291
02:53:25,808 --> 02:53:28,400
earning a diploma from the 
University of practical Life, 

3292
02:53:28,400 --> 02:53:31,200
The Villages children became 
another source of Education, 

3293
02:53:31,200 --> 02:53:33,400
though. 
They were probably learning as 

3294
02:53:33,400 --> 02:53:37,000
much from me as I was from them.
My story is about the future 

3295
02:53:37,000 --> 02:53:41,400
carefully disguised, as Tales 
from far away, fascinated them 

3296
02:53:41,400 --> 02:53:44,900
in return. 
They taught me Games songs and 

3297
02:53:44,900 --> 02:53:47,600
the kind of local knowledge that
adults took for granted but 

3298
02:53:47,600 --> 02:53:50,500
visitors needed to learn. 
Through their patient, 

3299
02:53:50,500 --> 02:53:53,000
instruction. 
I discovered, which berries were

3300
02:53:53,000 --> 02:53:56,200
safe to eat how to read weather 
signs and cloud formations. 

3301
02:53:56,200 --> 02:53:59,200
And the proper way to approach 
various animals without getting 

3302
02:53:59,200 --> 02:54:03,200
kicked, bitten or worse. 
I realized that children's 

3303
02:54:03,200 --> 02:54:06,200
knowledge, and filtered by 
assumptions about what everyone 

3304
02:54:06,200 --> 02:54:09,300
already knew was often more 
practical than adult knowledge. 

3305
02:54:10,300 --> 02:54:13,000
Evening storytelling sessions 
can continue to be highlights of

3306
02:54:13,000 --> 02:54:16,500
each day by contributions to 
these gatherings evolved from 

3307
02:54:16,500 --> 02:54:18,700
Silent listening to occasional 
participation. 

3308
02:54:19,900 --> 02:54:22,900
First time I successfully told a
story that made people laugh. 

3309
02:54:22,900 --> 02:54:26,100
I felt like I had passed some 
invisible test of community 

3310
02:54:26,100 --> 02:54:28,900
membership. 
The story was about to travel 

3311
02:54:28,900 --> 02:54:31,900
who got lost and ended up in a 
place where everything was 

3312
02:54:31,900 --> 02:54:34,500
familiar. 
But slightly different like his 

3313
02:54:34,500 --> 02:54:36,500
home viewed through a distorting
mirror. 

3314
02:54:37,200 --> 02:54:38,900
Looking back. 
It was probably more 

3315
02:54:38,900 --> 02:54:42,100
autobiography Than Fiction but 
the audience appreciated the 

3316
02:54:42,100 --> 02:54:45,300
humor in someone bumbling 
through unfamiliar Customs while

3317
02:54:45,300 --> 02:54:48,800
trying to maintain dignity. 
Sitting by fire lights 

3318
02:54:48,800 --> 02:54:50,800
surrounded by faces that had 
become familiar. 

3319
02:54:50,800 --> 02:54:54,000
And dear, I realized I'd stopped
thinking about this experience 

3320
02:54:54,000 --> 02:54:56,800
as temporary. 
The compass still rested in my 

3321
02:54:56,800 --> 02:55:00,200
pocket, still offered the 
possibility of return, but that 

3322
02:55:00,200 --> 02:55:02,700
possibility felt less urgent 
than it had when I first 

3323
02:55:02,700 --> 02:55:05,200
arrived. 
Finding your place May mean not 

3324
02:55:05,200 --> 02:55:07,900
just surviving, but also adding 
value to those around. 

3325
02:55:07,900 --> 02:55:11,200
You living in medieval Scotland,
for several weeks, taught me 

3326
02:55:11,200 --> 02:55:13,500
that Community isn't just a 
pleasant social concept. 

3327
02:55:14,300 --> 02:55:17,200
It's a survival technology. 
Refined over Generations. 

3328
02:55:18,000 --> 02:55:21,200
Every relationship, every 
tradition, and every seemingly, 

3329
02:55:21,200 --> 02:55:24,400
casual interactions served 
multiple purposes that were to 

3330
02:55:24,400 --> 02:55:26,300
immediately obvious to someone 
raise in the age of 

3331
02:55:26,308 --> 02:55:28,200
individualism and social safety 
nets. 

3332
02:55:29,000 --> 02:55:31,600
The Revelation came during 
preparation for what is called 

3333
02:55:31,600 --> 02:55:34,900
the Harvest celebration though, 
my improving language skills 

3334
02:55:34,900 --> 02:55:37,500
suggested the actual name 
involved several syllables that 

3335
02:55:37,500 --> 02:55:39,600
didn't translate directly into 
Modern English. 

3336
02:55:40,700 --> 02:55:42,500
The celebration wasn't just a 
party. 

3337
02:55:42,500 --> 02:55:46,700
It was a community-wide ritual 
of gratitude resource assessment

3338
02:55:46,700 --> 02:55:50,000
and social bonding that would 
help everyone survive the coming

3339
02:55:50,000 --> 02:55:51,900
winter. 
Preparations. 

3340
02:55:51,900 --> 02:55:55,200
Began weeks in advance and 
involved everyone in overlapping

3341
02:55:55,200 --> 02:55:58,400
Circles of responsibility. 
Women organized food, 

3342
02:55:58,400 --> 02:56:00,500
preparation. 
That required coordinating 

3343
02:56:00,500 --> 02:56:02,500
ingredients from dozens of 
households. 

3344
02:56:03,200 --> 02:56:05,400
Men handle construction of 
temporary structures and 

3345
02:56:05,400 --> 02:56:09,000
arrangements for entertainment 
children, manage smaller tasks 

3346
02:56:09,000 --> 02:56:11,300
that nonetheless, proved 
essential to the overall effort.

3347
02:56:12,400 --> 02:56:15,400
my role in these preparations 
had naturally transitioned from 

3348
02:56:15,400 --> 02:56:19,800
that of a helpful, stranger to 
that of a Community member Alias

3349
02:56:19,800 --> 02:56:22,500
no longer gave me basic 
instructions for simple tasks. 

3350
02:56:22,500 --> 02:56:25,700
She assumed, I understood the 
underlying patterns and would 

3351
02:56:25,700 --> 02:56:29,200
apply them appropriately. 
This shift from explicit 

3352
02:56:29,200 --> 02:56:31,000
teaching to implicit 
expectation. 

3353
02:56:31,000 --> 02:56:35,100
Felt like Crossing an invisible 
threshold. hey, Michelle began 

3354
02:56:35,100 --> 02:56:37,700
including me in conversations 
about metalwork projects that 

3355
02:56:37,700 --> 02:56:41,000
extended Beyond immediate 
practical needs, Planning 

3356
02:56:41,000 --> 02:56:43,700
decorative elements for the 
celebration, discussing 

3357
02:56:43,700 --> 02:56:46,500
improvements tools, and 
equipment and considering the 

3358
02:56:46,500 --> 02:56:50,000
next season's requirements. 
These conversations assumed, I 

3359
02:56:50,000 --> 02:56:51,200
would be present for their 
completion. 

3360
02:56:51,200 --> 02:56:55,600
The Assumption was never stated 
directly, but it colored every 

3361
02:56:55,600 --> 02:56:59,300
discussion about future plans. 
The compass in my pocket, had 

3362
02:56:59,300 --> 02:57:02,500
become a familiar. 
Wait no longer foreign but not 

3363
02:57:02,500 --> 02:57:05,800
quite forgotten. 
Sometimes I'd catch myself at 

3364
02:57:05,800 --> 02:57:08,900
the touching it through the 
fabric like checking for keys or

3365
02:57:08,900 --> 02:57:11,500
a wallet in a habit that 
suggested ownership rather than 

3366
02:57:11,500 --> 02:57:14,700
temporary possession. 
When had it stopped being my 

3367
02:57:14,700 --> 02:57:16,300
great? 
Aunt, moira's, compass and 

3368
02:57:16,300 --> 02:57:20,000
become simply mine. 
As the celebration approached, I

3369
02:57:20,000 --> 02:57:22,200
began to understand the deeper 
currents that moved beneath 

3370
02:57:22,200 --> 02:57:25,100
Village Life. 
This ceremony wasn't just about 

3371
02:57:25,100 --> 02:57:28,300
Harvest, it was about 
reinforcing social bonds, that 

3372
02:57:28,300 --> 02:57:30,700
would be tested by Winter's 
isolation and challenges. 

3373
02:57:31,500 --> 02:57:34,200
The shared work of preparation 
created opportunities for 

3374
02:57:34,200 --> 02:57:38,200
resolving conflicts, negotiating
marriages planning collaborative

3375
02:57:38,200 --> 02:57:41,100
projects and generally 
maintaining the social fabric 

3376
02:57:41,100 --> 02:57:44,500
that held everyone together. 
My contribution to the 

3377
02:57:44,500 --> 02:57:47,000
Celebration planning surprised 
me with its complexity. 

3378
02:57:47,000 --> 02:57:50,400
What started as simple task 
assistance had grown into 

3379
02:57:50,400 --> 02:57:53,200
genuine responsibility for 
coordinating between different 

3380
02:57:53,200 --> 02:57:55,800
working groups. 
People came to me with 

3381
02:57:55,800 --> 02:57:58,500
questions, suggestions and 
problems that needed solving 

3382
02:57:58,500 --> 02:58:02,100
somehow without conscious 
intention had become someone 

3383
02:58:02,100 --> 02:58:04,800
others relied upon the night 
before the celebration. 

3384
02:58:04,800 --> 02:58:07,800
I found myself sitting with 
Hamish outside his Forge, 

3385
02:58:07,800 --> 02:58:11,600
shareing ale at tasted like 
liquid bread and watching stars 

3386
02:58:11,600 --> 02:58:14,300
that looked brighter than any 
I'd seen in the 21st century. 

3387
02:58:15,700 --> 02:58:17,700
Our conversation. 
Meandered through topics that 

3388
02:58:17,700 --> 02:58:20,800
would have been impossible. 
When I first arrived, technical 

3389
02:58:20,800 --> 02:58:24,300
discussion of metalworking 
philosophical observations about

3390
02:58:24,300 --> 02:58:27,700
community life, and shared 
complaints about whether a 

3391
02:58:27,700 --> 02:58:31,100
Neighbors Your different than 
when you first appeared Hamish 

3392
02:58:31,100 --> 02:58:33,700
said in his careful English 
clearly making an effort to 

3393
02:58:33,700 --> 02:58:37,100
communicate precisely less like 
someone watching everything from

3394
02:58:37,100 --> 02:58:39,800
outside. 
His observation struck me as 

3395
02:58:39,800 --> 02:58:42,600
profoundly accurate. 
I had been watching from outside

3396
02:58:42,600 --> 02:58:46,000
initially observing medieval 
life like an anthropologist or 

3397
02:58:46,000 --> 02:58:48,800
tourist maintaining 
psychological distance even 

3398
02:58:48,800 --> 02:58:51,700
while learning practical skills.
But somewhere along the way, 

3399
02:58:51,700 --> 02:58:55,300
that distance had dissolved, I'd
stopped analyzing and started 

3400
02:58:55,300 --> 02:58:58,000
simply living. 
The realization raised 

3401
02:58:58,000 --> 02:58:59,000
questions. 
I'd been avoiding. 

3402
02:58:59,000 --> 02:59:02,700
What was my responsibility to 
this community that had taken me

3403
02:59:02,700 --> 02:59:04,700
in? 
What did I owe to people who 

3404
02:59:04,700 --> 02:59:08,300
share their resources knowledge 
and lives with someone who might

3405
02:59:08,300 --> 02:59:12,300
disappear at any moment? 
The compass offered Escape but 

3406
02:59:12,300 --> 02:59:16,400
escaped from what and to, what 
my Modern Life seemed 

3407
02:59:16,400 --> 02:59:20,100
increasingly abstract when I 
tried to recall its details, the

3408
02:59:20,100 --> 02:59:23,900
job that had felt vital, the 
possessions I'd accumulated the 

3409
02:59:23,900 --> 02:59:26,500
relationships that operated 
through screens and scheduled 

3410
02:59:26,500 --> 02:59:29,300
interactions. 
All of it felt less real than 

3411
02:59:29,300 --> 02:59:32,600
the weight of bread dough in my 
hands or the satisfaction of 

3412
02:59:32,600 --> 02:59:34,300
shaping metal in hamish's 
forward. 

3413
02:59:35,500 --> 02:59:38,600
That night I lay on the straw 
mattress in Elisa's Cottage 

3414
02:59:38,600 --> 02:59:42,100
listening to The Familiar sounds
of Village Life settling into 

3415
02:59:42,100 --> 02:59:45,500
sleep and tried to imagine using
the compass to return home. 

3416
02:59:45,500 --> 02:59:49,100
The image felt Hollow, like 
trying to remember a dream upon 

3417
02:59:49,100 --> 02:59:51,900
waking. 
This was not because Modern Life

3418
02:59:51,900 --> 02:59:55,000
was bad, but rather, because it 
belonged to someone, I could no 

3419
02:59:55,000 --> 02:59:56,500
longer confidently identify 
with. 

3420
02:59:57,400 --> 03:00:01,000
The celebration tomorrow would 
Mark not just the Harvest, but a

3421
03:00:01,000 --> 03:00:04,400
Year's cycle of growth work and 
Community survival. 

3422
03:00:05,200 --> 03:00:07,400
It occurred to me that I'd 
become part of that cycle. 

3423
03:00:07,400 --> 03:00:09,100
In ways I hadn't planned or 
expected. 

3424
03:00:09,100 --> 03:00:12,900
The question, wasn't whether I 
belonged here it was whether I 

3425
03:00:12,900 --> 03:00:15,900
could imagine belonging anywhere
else tomorrow would provide 

3426
03:00:15,900 --> 03:00:19,300
Clarity one way or another 
Harvest celebration unfolded 

3427
03:00:19,300 --> 03:00:21,000
like a Symphony played by 
instruments. 

3428
03:00:21,000 --> 03:00:23,500
I'd never heard before. 
But somehow recognized in my 

3429
03:00:23,508 --> 03:00:27,400
bones Dawn brought the center of
bread baking in communal ovens. 

3430
03:00:27,400 --> 03:00:31,200
The sound of children's laughter
mixing with adult voices, raised

3431
03:00:31,200 --> 03:00:34,200
in songs that seemed older than 
the stones themselves and a 

3432
03:00:34,208 --> 03:00:37,100
sense of anticipation that made 
the air itself, feel alive with 

3433
03:00:37,100 --> 03:00:40,200
possibility. 
I woke to find that Alias had 

3434
03:00:40,200 --> 03:00:43,400
left new clothes on the stool. 
Beside my bed, not the rough 

3435
03:00:43,400 --> 03:00:44,200
work. 
Garments. 

3436
03:00:44,200 --> 03:00:47,000
I'd grown accustomed to. 
But Festival clothes and colors 

3437
03:00:47,000 --> 03:00:49,800
that caught the light. 
The tunic was deep blue. 

3438
03:00:49,800 --> 03:00:53,200
The color of the evening sky 
with embroidery around the neck 

3439
03:00:53,200 --> 03:00:56,600
and sleeves that must have taken
weeks to complete. when had she 

3440
03:00:56,600 --> 03:01:00,700
found time to create this and 
why The day began with the 

3441
03:01:00,708 --> 03:01:02,500
ritual. 
I was invited to join rather 

3442
03:01:02,500 --> 03:01:05,400
than simply observe. 
Standing in the Village Center 

3443
03:01:05,400 --> 03:01:08,000
with everyone else. 
Hands joined in a circle that 

3444
03:01:08,000 --> 03:01:09,600
encompassed the entire 
community. 

3445
03:01:10,600 --> 03:01:12,900
I listened to words spoken in 
Gaelic that I couldn't 

3446
03:01:12,900 --> 03:01:16,300
understand but somehow felt the 
meaning of gratitude 

3447
03:01:16,300 --> 03:01:18,500
remembrance. 
Hope for the future 

3448
03:01:18,500 --> 03:01:21,800
acknowledgment of the cycles 
that connected all life. 

3449
03:01:22,500 --> 03:01:26,300
Universal Concepts expressed in 
ancient syllables. upon the 

3450
03:01:26,300 --> 03:01:29,100
conclusion of the formal 
ceremonies and the commencement 

3451
03:01:29,100 --> 03:01:32,100
of the celebration proper I 
found myself effortlessly 

3452
03:01:32,100 --> 03:01:36,500
transitioning through familiar 
routines Helping to arrange food

3453
03:01:36,500 --> 03:01:40,500
on long tables, constructed from
planks and saw horses ensuring 

3454
03:01:40,500 --> 03:01:43,400
that fires were probably tended 
to keep everything warm and 

3455
03:01:43,400 --> 03:01:46,100
solving small logistical 
problems that arose when large 

3456
03:01:46,100 --> 03:01:49,500
groups tried to call make 
complex activities but something

3457
03:01:49,500 --> 03:01:52,100
had shifted in how others 
responded to my presents. 

3458
03:01:52,900 --> 03:01:56,400
Previously strangers would greet
me with careful polite nurse but

3459
03:01:56,400 --> 03:01:58,600
now they greet me with the 
Casual warmth of family. 

3460
03:01:59,500 --> 03:02:02,200
Children ran to me with 
questions and small disaster, 

3461
03:02:02,200 --> 03:02:05,500
that needed adult attention. 
Adults included me in 

3462
03:02:05,508 --> 03:02:08,200
conversations without the 
slight, pause that indicated 

3463
03:02:08,200 --> 03:02:11,500
translation or explanation. 
Hamish found me during the 

3464
03:02:11,500 --> 03:02:14,200
height of the festivities, 
carrying two cups of something 

3465
03:02:14,200 --> 03:02:16,100
that smelled like fermented 
happiness. 

3466
03:02:17,200 --> 03:02:19,900
You've been quiet today. 
He noted, as he settled beside 

3467
03:02:19,900 --> 03:02:22,700
me on a log strategically, 
positioned to overlook the 

3468
03:02:22,700 --> 03:02:27,000
celebration thinking, heavy 
thoughts, The question was more 

3469
03:02:27,000 --> 03:02:30,200
perceptive than I'd expected. 
I had been thinking heavy 

3470
03:02:30,200 --> 03:02:34,500
thoughts about time belonging 
responsibility and the weight of

3471
03:02:34,508 --> 03:02:38,100
choices that couldn't be undone.
The compass in my pocket, felt 

3472
03:02:38,100 --> 03:02:41,000
heavier than usual, as if it 
understood that decision time 

3473
03:02:41,000 --> 03:02:43,500
was approaching. 
I've been thinking about 

3474
03:02:43,500 --> 03:02:46,800
staying, I said the words 
emerging before I had 

3475
03:02:46,800 --> 03:02:50,100
consciously decided to speak 
them, Hamish nodded as if his 

3476
03:02:50,100 --> 03:02:51,800
Discovery wasn't surprising 
news. 

3477
03:02:52,600 --> 03:02:55,500
And what stopping you? 
The question pierced through my 

3478
03:02:55,500 --> 03:02:57,500
inner turmoil. 
What was stopping me? 

3479
03:02:57,500 --> 03:03:00,600
Fear of commitment to a life. 
So different from everything I 

3480
03:03:00,600 --> 03:03:02,800
know. 
Was I feeling guilty for 

3481
03:03:02,800 --> 03:03:05,200
forsaking my own 
responsibilities or something 

3482
03:03:05,200 --> 03:03:07,500
deeper? 
Terror of discovering that I 

3483
03:03:07,500 --> 03:03:09,700
might be happier in a world 
without modern convenience. 

3484
03:03:09,700 --> 03:03:12,700
Is that my carefully constructed
21st century. 

3485
03:03:12,700 --> 03:03:15,800
Life might have been a beautiful
prison, I'd mistaken for 

3486
03:03:15,800 --> 03:03:18,300
Freedom, these evening 
approached and the celebration 

3487
03:03:18,300 --> 03:03:20,700
began winding toward its 
traditional conclusion. 

3488
03:03:20,700 --> 03:03:24,100
Alias appeared at my elbow with 
timing that suggested she'd been

3489
03:03:24,108 --> 03:03:27,600
watching for the right moment. 
without words, she led me away 

3490
03:03:27,600 --> 03:03:30,600
from the crowd to a quiet spot 
overlooking the village with the

3491
03:03:30,608 --> 03:03:34,000
sound of continuing festivities 
provided a cheerful background 

3492
03:03:34,000 --> 03:03:37,900
murmur The compass. 
She said simply using English 

3493
03:03:37,900 --> 03:03:39,700
words carefully. 
Chosen for clarity. 

3494
03:03:40,500 --> 03:03:44,400
It brought you here for a reason
I looked at her in surprise, you

3495
03:03:44,400 --> 03:03:47,700
know, about the compass, her 
smile carried, centuries of 

3496
03:03:47,708 --> 03:03:50,300
knowledge. 
Some things are older than the 

3497
03:03:50,300 --> 03:03:52,800
stories we tell about them. 
Your great aren't new. 

3498
03:03:52,800 --> 03:03:55,600
This place knew these people, 
the compass doesn't bring 

3499
03:03:55,600 --> 03:03:57,900
Travelers, it brings family 
home. 

3500
03:03:58,800 --> 03:04:01,400
The Revelation settled over me 
like recognition of something. 

3501
03:04:01,400 --> 03:04:03,500
I'd always known but never 
articulated. 

3502
03:04:03,500 --> 03:04:07,300
Great aren't moira's stories 
about Scotland, her mysterious 

3503
03:04:07,300 --> 03:04:09,500
past. 
And the way she'd always seemed 

3504
03:04:09,500 --> 03:04:13,100
slightly out of step with modern
times suddenly they made sense 

3505
03:04:13,100 --> 03:04:16,100
and ways that had nothing to do 
with logic and everything to do 

3506
03:04:16,100 --> 03:04:19,100
with truth. 
The compass, grew warm in my 

3507
03:04:19,100 --> 03:04:23,200
pocket and I understood that, 
this was the moment of choice, I

3508
03:04:23,200 --> 03:04:25,400
could return to my time, 
carrying memories of this 

3509
03:04:25,400 --> 03:04:28,300
experience like souvenirs from 
an extraordinary vacation. 

3510
03:04:29,400 --> 03:04:32,900
Or I could stay like accepting 
the responsibility and joy of 

3511
03:04:32,900 --> 03:04:36,600
genuine belonging in a community
that had already accepted me as 

3512
03:04:36,600 --> 03:04:39,400
one of their own looking down at
the village, where lights 

3513
03:04:39,400 --> 03:04:42,600
flickered and windows, where 
people I'd grown to love were 

3514
03:04:42,600 --> 03:04:44,700
continuing celebrations. 
That would carry them through 

3515
03:04:44,700 --> 03:04:47,600
another winter, where my hand 
had helped build something 

3516
03:04:47,600 --> 03:04:52,000
larger than myself, Choice felt 
less like a decision and more 

3517
03:04:52,000 --> 03:04:54,900
like recognition. 
The compass would stay in my 

3518
03:04:54,900 --> 03:04:57,200
pocket. 
Its work complete. 

3519
03:04:58,200 --> 03:05:10,100
I was already home. 
You're settling in for the 

3520
03:05:10,108 --> 03:05:11,900
night. 
Probably checking your phone 

3521
03:05:11,900 --> 03:05:13,900
one, last time, adjusting, your 
pillow. 

3522
03:05:13,900 --> 03:05:17,100
Just so maybe wondering if you 
remembered to set your alarm. 

3523
03:05:18,500 --> 03:05:21,200
But imagine for a moment that 
you're living 4,000 years ago 

3524
03:05:21,200 --> 03:05:24,000
and your bedroom is a cramped, 
wooden Hut that smells like 

3525
03:05:24,000 --> 03:05:28,200
smoke and wet wool, your bed, a 
pile of straw that seemed better

3526
03:05:28,200 --> 03:05:31,300
days and your alarm clock is the
rooster next door who apparently

3527
03:05:31,300 --> 03:05:34,500
never learned the concept of 
sleeping in, welcome to the 

3528
03:05:34,500 --> 03:05:37,300
Bronze Age, when getting a good 
night's sleep was about as 

3529
03:05:37,300 --> 03:05:40,700
reliable as your wife. 
I during a thunderstorm, you'd 

3530
03:05:40,700 --> 03:05:43,500
think that after a long day of 
hacking away at Copper veins 

3531
03:05:43,500 --> 03:05:46,900
deep underground, these ancient 
miners would collapse into bed, 

3532
03:05:46,900 --> 03:05:50,100
like, exhausted teenagers but 
here's where things get 

3533
03:05:50,100 --> 03:05:53,600
interesting and a little weird 
These weren't your typical 

3534
03:05:53,600 --> 03:05:56,100
nine-to-five workers. 
They had developed sleep 

3535
03:05:56,100 --> 03:05:58,400
patterns, that would make a 
modern sleep, specialist scratch

3536
03:05:58,400 --> 03:06:01,400
their head and possibly 
recommend therapy picture this. 

3537
03:06:01,400 --> 03:06:05,900
You're a Bronze Age Miner named.
Well, let's call you copper arm 

3538
03:06:05,900 --> 03:06:08,100
names. 
Were simpler back then, you've 

3539
03:06:08,100 --> 03:06:11,100
just spent 12 hours underground 
in what can only be described as

3540
03:06:11,100 --> 03:06:14,800
a very expensive, cave breathing
air, that would make a coal 

3541
03:06:14,800 --> 03:06:17,400
plant jealous and your back. 
Feels like you've been carrying 

3542
03:06:17,400 --> 03:06:21,100
a mammoth uphill naturally, 
you'd want to sleep for about 14

3543
03:06:21,100 --> 03:06:24,800
hours straight, but in steading 
on your straw bed staring at the

3544
03:06:24,800 --> 03:06:28,000
ceiling, which is probably just 
more straw, completely unable to

3545
03:06:28,000 --> 03:06:31,300
drift off. 
Your mind is racing with 

3546
03:06:31,300 --> 03:06:33,900
thoughts. 
Like did I remember to shore up 

3547
03:06:33,900 --> 03:06:36,700
that tunnel? 
And was that creaking sound? 

3548
03:06:36,700 --> 03:06:39,300
The Mind settling, or is it 
about to become my two? 

3549
03:06:39,300 --> 03:06:42,600
These were exactly the kind of 
counting sheep thoughts that 

3550
03:06:42,600 --> 03:06:46,600
lead to Peaceful slumber. 
The Bronze Age, mining 

3551
03:06:46,600 --> 03:06:49,100
communities are discovered 
something that modern science is

3552
03:06:49,100 --> 03:06:51,400
only. 
Now catching up to when your 

3553
03:06:51,400 --> 03:06:54,100
daily survival depends on not 
being crushed by tons of rock. 

3554
03:06:54,100 --> 03:06:57,200
Your brain doesn't exactly 
embrace the concept of letting 

3555
03:06:57,200 --> 03:07:00,500
its guard down. 
Sleep became the strange dance 

3556
03:07:00,500 --> 03:07:03,500
between exhaustion and 
hypervigilance, like trying to 

3557
03:07:03,500 --> 03:07:05,300
nap while riding a roller 
coaster. 

3558
03:07:05,300 --> 03:07:09,500
What's fascinating is how these 
ancient miners adapted, they 

3559
03:07:09,500 --> 03:07:12,900
didn't have sleep studies, or 
melatonin supplements or those 

3560
03:07:12,900 --> 03:07:15,400
white noise machines. 
That sound like, gentle rain, 

3561
03:07:15,400 --> 03:07:17,600
but somehow cost, more than your
monthly coffee budget. 

3562
03:07:17,600 --> 03:07:21,300
Instead, they developed their 
own peculiar strategies that 

3563
03:07:21,300 --> 03:07:24,700
were part practical Parts 
superstitious and entirely 

3564
03:07:24,700 --> 03:07:27,200
human. 
Some miners would sleep in 

3565
03:07:27,200 --> 03:07:29,200
shifts? 
Not because they were working 

3566
03:07:29,200 --> 03:07:32,100
around the clock, but because 
they discovered that sleeping 

3567
03:07:32,100 --> 03:07:34,800
alone made every little sound 
feel like impending doom. 

3568
03:07:35,600 --> 03:07:38,900
So they'd rotate who was on 
watch even while sleeping, 

3569
03:07:38,900 --> 03:07:41,700
taking turns, being the 
designated light sleeper. 

3570
03:07:42,600 --> 03:07:44,800
There was like, having a buddy 
system for unconsciousness. 

3571
03:07:45,900 --> 03:07:48,300
Others developed what we might 
call preparation rituals. 

3572
03:07:48,300 --> 03:07:50,100
That would make your bed time 
routine. 

3573
03:07:50,100 --> 03:07:53,000
Look minimalist. 
They'd spend an hour, arranging 

3574
03:07:53,000 --> 03:07:56,200
their Tools in specific patterns
around their sleeping area, not 

3575
03:07:56,200 --> 03:07:59,300
for easy access, but because the
familiar ritual helped calm 

3576
03:07:59,300 --> 03:08:02,500
their overactive Minds. 
Imagine explaining to your 

3577
03:08:02,500 --> 03:08:05,900
spouse that you need to arrange 
your lap top coffee mug, and 

3578
03:08:05,900 --> 03:08:08,900
reading glasses in a perfect 
triangle before you can possibly

3579
03:08:08,900 --> 03:08:12,600
fall asleep. 
But perhaps the most intriguing 

3580
03:08:12,600 --> 03:08:16,300
adaptation was how these miners 
learn to embrace what we now? 

3581
03:08:16,300 --> 03:08:19,600
Call fragmented sleep. 
Instead of fighting their 

3582
03:08:19,600 --> 03:08:21,800
tendency to wake up every few 
hours in a panic. 

3583
03:08:21,808 --> 03:08:24,900
They built their rest around it.
They'd sleep for a few hours. 

3584
03:08:24,900 --> 03:08:27,700
Wake up naturally. 
Usually convince something 

3585
03:08:27,700 --> 03:08:31,100
terrible was about to happen. 
Spend an hour or two doing quiet

3586
03:08:31,100 --> 03:08:33,200
activities like mending tools or
planning. 

3587
03:08:33,200 --> 03:08:36,200
The next day's work, then settle
back down for another sleep 

3588
03:08:36,200 --> 03:08:38,900
cycle. 
This wasn't insomnia, it was 

3589
03:08:38,900 --> 03:08:42,200
evolution in action, their 
bodies and Minds were adapting 

3590
03:08:42,200 --> 03:08:44,500
to a lifestyle that required 
constant alertness. 

3591
03:08:44,500 --> 03:08:47,200
Even during rest. 
They were literally rewiring, 

3592
03:08:47,200 --> 03:08:49,500
their sleep patterns to match 
their dangerous profession, 

3593
03:08:49,500 --> 03:08:53,000
creating a survival strategy 
disguised as a sleep disorder. 

3594
03:08:54,000 --> 03:08:56,400
And you thought your habit of 
checking your phone at 2 a.m. 

3595
03:08:56,400 --> 03:08:58,700
was problematic. 
Now, here's where the story 

3596
03:08:58,700 --> 03:09:00,800
takes a turn that would make 
your afternoon coffee break. 

3597
03:09:00,800 --> 03:09:04,700
Look like Child's Play. 
You see these Bronze Age miners 

3598
03:09:04,700 --> 03:09:07,100
are discovered something that 
modern workplace efficiency 

3599
03:09:07,100 --> 03:09:10,300
experts are still trying to 
figure out the Strategic 

3600
03:09:10,300 --> 03:09:13,900
underground nap. 
Picture yourself back in Copper 

3601
03:09:13,900 --> 03:09:17,000
arms well worn boots. 
Deep in a mine shaft that slip 

3602
03:09:17,000 --> 03:09:19,400
by oil lamps that flicker more 
than your grandmother's old 

3603
03:09:19,400 --> 03:09:22,700
television. 
The air is thick, your muscles 

3604
03:09:22,700 --> 03:09:24,600
ache. 
And you've been swinging that 

3605
03:09:24,600 --> 03:09:28,500
bronze pickaxe for hours. 
Logic would suggest that the 

3606
03:09:28,500 --> 03:09:30,400
last thing you'd want to do is 
fall asleep. 

3607
03:09:30,400 --> 03:09:33,800
Surrounded by unstable rock 
walls and toxic fumes. 

3608
03:09:34,600 --> 03:09:38,000
But logic, as you're about to 
discover wasn't exactly the 

3609
03:09:38,000 --> 03:09:41,600
miners strong suit. 
These crafty underground workers

3610
03:09:41,600 --> 03:09:44,000
had figured out that a 
well-timed 20-minute nap. 

3611
03:09:44,000 --> 03:09:46,400
In the depths of the mine could 
be the difference between 

3612
03:09:46,400 --> 03:09:49,900
productive afternoon digging and
accidentally pickaxe in your own

3613
03:09:49,900 --> 03:09:53,600
foot. 
But here's the catch and this is

3614
03:09:53,600 --> 03:09:55,100
where things get delightfully 
weird. 

3615
03:09:55,100 --> 03:09:57,200
They couldn't just curl up 
anywhere. 

3616
03:09:57,200 --> 03:10:01,000
Oh no, that would be too easy. 
Underground napping. 

3617
03:10:01,000 --> 03:10:04,800
Had rules serious rules. 
The kind of rules that would 

3618
03:10:04,800 --> 03:10:07,000
make your office Handbook look 
like grocery list. 

3619
03:10:07,800 --> 03:10:11,300
First, you had to find what they
called a singing spot a place in

3620
03:10:11,300 --> 03:10:13,100
the mine where the Acoustics 
were just right. 

3621
03:10:13,900 --> 03:10:17,500
Not too echoey which meant 
unstable Rock, not too muffled, 

3622
03:10:17,500 --> 03:10:21,300
which could mean dangerous gas 
Pockets, but just right, like 

3623
03:10:21,300 --> 03:10:23,300
some sort of geological 
Goldilocks situation. 

3624
03:10:24,300 --> 03:10:27,400
These spots were highly covered 
and miners would actually trade 

3625
03:10:27,400 --> 03:10:30,600
shifts and rations for access to
the premium lapping locations. 

3626
03:10:31,600 --> 03:10:34,600
Imagine the workplace politics, 
listen, tin beard. 

3627
03:10:34,600 --> 03:10:36,900
I'll give you my extra bread 
ration and cover your morning 

3628
03:10:36,900 --> 03:10:38,800
shift. 
If you let me have the Tuesday 2

3629
03:10:38,800 --> 03:10:42,200
p.m. slot in the good sleeping 
Alcove, it was like booking a 

3630
03:10:42,200 --> 03:10:45,000
conference room, except the 
stakes were your sanity, and the

3631
03:10:45,008 --> 03:10:47,900
conference room could 
potentially collapse on you, but

3632
03:10:47,900 --> 03:10:49,200
the weirdness doesn't stop 
there. 

3633
03:10:49,200 --> 03:10:52,600
These miners had developed a 
buddy system for underground 

3634
03:10:52,600 --> 03:10:54,900
napping. 
That was part safety protocol 

3635
03:10:54,900 --> 03:10:58,200
part superstition. 
One person would sleep while 

3636
03:10:58,200 --> 03:11:01,300
another kept watch, not for 
cavins or dangerous gases. 

3637
03:11:01,300 --> 03:11:05,400
But for what they called, The 
Dream Thieves, Now, before you 

3638
03:11:05,400 --> 03:11:08,000
start picturing, some sort of 
Bronze Age, sleep Bandit, 

3639
03:11:08,000 --> 03:11:10,400
sneaking around stealing dreams.
Let me explain. 

3640
03:11:12,000 --> 03:11:14,400
The miners believe that sleeping
underground could lead to 

3641
03:11:14,400 --> 03:11:17,400
prophetic dreams about the 
location of Rich ore veins. 

3642
03:11:18,200 --> 03:11:20,400
These dreams were considered. 
So valuable that there were 

3643
03:11:20,400 --> 03:11:23,400
actual cases of miners, trying 
to steal each other's sleeping 

3644
03:11:23,400 --> 03:11:26,000
spots to intercept these 
geological Visions. 

3645
03:11:26,000 --> 03:11:29,900
It was like corporate Espionage 
but with more dirt and fewer 

3646
03:11:29,900 --> 03:11:33,300
PowerPoint presentations, the 
watching partner had a specific 

3647
03:11:33,300 --> 03:11:36,700
job if the sleeping minor 
started mumbling about copper or

3648
03:11:36,700 --> 03:11:39,600
tin or gold in their sleep, The 
Watcher was supposed to memorize

3649
03:11:39,600 --> 03:11:43,200
every word some watches even 
developed their own shorthand 

3650
03:11:43,200 --> 03:11:46,600
for recording. 
These trousers, imagine waking 

3651
03:11:46,600 --> 03:11:49,500
up from your nap to find your 
co-worker frantically scribbling

3652
03:11:49,500 --> 03:11:51,100
notes about your sleep talking 
session. 

3653
03:11:52,300 --> 03:11:55,800
He said something about shiny 
veins near the singing water who

3654
03:11:55,800 --> 03:11:58,800
partner would whisper urgently, 
do you remember what that means?

3655
03:11:58,800 --> 03:12:02,900
And you'd be standing there 
still groggy trying to figure 

3656
03:12:02,900 --> 03:12:05,600
out if you just solved the 
mind's productivity problems or 

3657
03:12:05,600 --> 03:12:07,900
if you'd simply been dreaming 
about your lunch again. 

3658
03:12:08,600 --> 03:12:11,600
The really fascinating part is 
that this system actually 

3659
03:12:11,600 --> 03:12:15,800
worked, not because the dreams 
were genuinely prophetic, but 

3660
03:12:15,800 --> 03:12:18,600
because the process of sleeping 
underground, had actually 

3661
03:12:18,600 --> 03:12:21,800
trained these miners to be 
incredibly observant about 

3662
03:12:21,800 --> 03:12:25,900
subtle geological signs. 
Their subconscious Minds were 

3663
03:12:25,900 --> 03:12:28,100
processing details, they'd 
noticed during their waking 

3664
03:12:28,100 --> 03:12:30,600
hours. 
Slight changes in rock color 

3665
03:12:30,600 --> 03:12:34,300
variations in airflow, unusual, 
sounds or echoes. 

3666
03:12:35,400 --> 03:12:38,000
So when they dreamed about 
promising locations, they were 

3667
03:12:38,000 --> 03:12:40,200
actually accessing a kind of 
intuitive knowledge. 

3668
03:12:40,200 --> 03:12:43,100
They build up through months, or
years of underground experience.

3669
03:12:43,100 --> 03:12:46,600
It was like having a geological 
GPS system, Powered By REM, 

3670
03:12:46,600 --> 03:12:50,100
sleep, and Bronze Age intuition,
but here's the mildly stressful 

3671
03:12:50,100 --> 03:12:51,400
part that would keep you on 
edge. 

3672
03:12:51,400 --> 03:12:53,700
Not everyone's dreams were 
welcome. 

3673
03:12:53,700 --> 03:12:57,600
If a miners underground Maps, 
consistently led to dry holes or

3674
03:12:57,600 --> 03:13:00,100
dangerous ins. 
They'd be banned from the good 

3675
03:13:00,100 --> 03:13:02,900
sleeping spots. 
Imagine the pressure of knowing 

3676
03:13:02,900 --> 03:13:05,300
that your dream quality could 
affect your career prospects. 

3677
03:13:06,200 --> 03:13:08,200
Performance reviews were 
literally based on your 

3678
03:13:08,200 --> 03:13:11,500
subconscious performance. 
Sorry copper arm but your last 

3679
03:13:11,500 --> 03:13:14,200
three dream tips led us to Solid
Rock and a small flood. 

3680
03:13:14,200 --> 03:13:17,400
Your relegated to the noisy 
alcove near the ventilation 

3681
03:13:17,400 --> 03:13:20,000
shaft. 
Until further notice it was like

3682
03:13:20,000 --> 03:13:21,700
being demoted for your sleep 
performance. 

3683
03:13:21,700 --> 03:13:24,900
Talk about workplace, stress 
following, you into your dreams.

3684
03:13:24,900 --> 03:13:28,000
You'd think that people who 
spent their days in near total 

3685
03:13:28,000 --> 03:13:31,600
darkness would relish the 
opportunity to sleep in actual 

3686
03:13:31,600 --> 03:13:34,900
comfortable. 
Darkness, But Bronze Age miners,

3687
03:13:34,900 --> 03:13:37,600
as you're beginning to 
understand weren't exactly 

3688
03:13:37,600 --> 03:13:41,600
conventional in their approach 
to rest and relaxation instead 

3689
03:13:41,600 --> 03:13:44,200
of embracing the darkness. 
They turned bedtime into what 

3690
03:13:44,200 --> 03:13:47,500
can only be described as a 
competitive Sport and like most 

3691
03:13:47,500 --> 03:13:50,400
competitive Sports, it was 
simultaneously ridiculous. 

3692
03:13:50,400 --> 03:13:53,000
And intensely serious. 
Picture this. 

3693
03:13:53,900 --> 03:13:55,400
Your back in your straw filled 
Hut. 

3694
03:13:55,400 --> 03:13:58,800
After another day of underground
adventures in stead of Simply 

3695
03:13:58,800 --> 03:14:01,200
lying down, and closing your 
eyes like a reasonable person. 

3696
03:14:01,200 --> 03:14:05,100
Your participating in what the 
mining Community called Darkness

3697
03:14:05,100 --> 03:14:08,000
challenges. 
These were official competitions

3698
03:14:08,000 --> 03:14:11,000
with prizes and ceremonies, they
were the kind of informal 

3699
03:14:11,000 --> 03:14:14,100
contest that emerge when people 
have too much time too much 

3700
03:14:14,108 --> 03:14:16,800
stress and not nearly enough 
entertainment options. 

3701
03:14:18,400 --> 03:14:20,900
The basic concept was simple. 
See. 

3702
03:14:20,900 --> 03:14:23,700
Who could fall asleep? 
Fastest in complete darkness. 

3703
03:14:24,500 --> 03:14:27,400
But like everything else in 
Bronze Age, mining culture, the 

3704
03:14:27,400 --> 03:14:29,300
execution was wonderfully 
complicated. 

3705
03:14:30,300 --> 03:14:34,000
First there were the preparation
rituals each minor had their own

3706
03:14:34,000 --> 03:14:36,900
pre-sleep routine that they 
swore was the key to Rapid 

3707
03:14:36,900 --> 03:14:39,400
unconsciousness. 
Some would count their breathing

3708
03:14:39,400 --> 03:14:43,400
in specific patterns, not the 
gentle 478 breathing, you might 

3709
03:14:43,408 --> 03:14:46,700
have learned in yoga class but 
intense mathematical sequences 

3710
03:14:46,700 --> 03:14:48,800
that would make your high school
algebra teacher proud. 

3711
03:14:49,700 --> 03:14:52,400
Others would mentally catalog 
every tool in their collection, 

3712
03:14:52,400 --> 03:14:55,700
every support beam in their 
section of the mine, every 

3713
03:14:55,700 --> 03:14:59,400
Pebble in their daily path. 
One popular technique involved, 

3714
03:14:59,400 --> 03:15:02,700
what they called, reverse mining
mentally digging their way out 

3715
03:15:02,700 --> 03:15:05,700
of the mine tunnel by tunnel 
from their deepest point to the 

3716
03:15:05,700 --> 03:15:07,800
surface. 
It was like counting sheep 

3717
03:15:07,800 --> 03:15:10,800
except the Sheep were geological
formations and the counting 

3718
03:15:10,800 --> 03:15:13,900
could take hours. 
But here's where the competitive

3719
03:15:13,900 --> 03:15:17,000
element kicked in miners, would 
actually time each other's 

3720
03:15:17,000 --> 03:15:19,500
descent into sleep. 
They'd use water clocks. 

3721
03:15:19,500 --> 03:15:22,900
Basically ancient owl glasses 
filled with water instead of 

3722
03:15:22,900 --> 03:15:25,900
sand to measure who could 
achieve on Consciousness most 

3723
03:15:25,900 --> 03:15:29,500
efficiently The current record 
holder in most communities was 

3724
03:15:29,500 --> 03:15:32,100
usually treated with the kind of
respect, we might reserve for 

3725
03:15:32,100 --> 03:15:35,000
Olympic athletes. 
Did you hear Stone George fell 

3726
03:15:35,000 --> 03:15:36,700
asleep in under three drips? 
Last night? 

3727
03:15:36,700 --> 03:15:39,800
Three drips, I can barely get 
comfortable in under 10. 

3728
03:15:40,800 --> 03:15:43,800
This Timing System led to all 
sorts of creative strategies. 

3729
03:15:43,800 --> 03:15:46,800
Some miners, would deliberately 
exhaust themselves during the 

3730
03:15:46,800 --> 03:15:50,400
day performing, extra tasks or 
taking on additional shifts 

3731
03:15:50,400 --> 03:15:53,500
thinking that extreme fatigue 
would guarantee rapid sleep. 

3732
03:15:54,300 --> 03:15:55,800
Others went the opposite 
direction. 

3733
03:15:55,800 --> 03:15:58,800
Trying to achieve the perfect 
balance of tiredness without 

3734
03:15:58,800 --> 03:16:01,700
Crossing into that overtired 
zone where your brain starts 

3735
03:16:01,700 --> 03:16:03,900
acting like a caffeinated 
squirrel. 

3736
03:16:04,500 --> 03:16:06,400
The really dedicated competitors
developed. 

3737
03:16:06,400 --> 03:16:09,100
What we might recognize as early
meditation techniques. 

3738
03:16:09,100 --> 03:16:12,000
They'd spend their evening hours
practicing what they called. 

3739
03:16:12,000 --> 03:16:15,600
Mind darkening, essentially 
training, their thoughts to slow

3740
03:16:15,600 --> 03:16:17,600
down and Fade to Black on 
command. 

3741
03:16:18,400 --> 03:16:22,100
It was mindfulness meditation to
sleep competition and it 

3742
03:16:22,100 --> 03:16:24,700
actually worked surprisingly 
well, but then there were the 

3743
03:16:24,700 --> 03:16:26,900
cheaters. 
Oh yes, even Bronze Age, 

3744
03:16:26,900 --> 03:16:29,900
sleeping competitions, had their
scandals, some miners would 

3745
03:16:29,900 --> 03:16:31,700
secretly. 
Consume fermented beverages 

3746
03:16:31,700 --> 03:16:34,800
before the challenge figuring 
that alcohol induced. 

3747
03:16:34,800 --> 03:16:37,300
Drowsiness, should count as 
legitimate sleep speed. 

3748
03:16:37,300 --> 03:16:40,400
Others would claim they'd fallen
asleep when they were actually 

3749
03:16:40,400 --> 03:16:42,800
just flying very still with 
their eyes closed. 

3750
03:16:42,800 --> 03:16:46,600
Hoping the time keeper wouldn't 
notice the difference There were

3751
03:16:46,600 --> 03:16:49,200
heated debates about whether 
these tactics will within the 

3752
03:16:49,200 --> 03:16:52,500
spirit of the competition. 
That's not real sleep. 

3753
03:16:52,500 --> 03:16:56,000
Copper arm, real sleep means 
dream activity. 

3754
03:16:56,000 --> 03:16:59,600
You are just pretending prove it
bronze tooth. 

3755
03:16:59,600 --> 03:17:01,600
You can't measure dreams with a 
water clock. 

3756
03:17:01,600 --> 03:17:04,900
These arguments would sometimes 
go on for hours, which kind of 

3757
03:17:04,900 --> 03:17:07,600
defeated the entire purpose of a
rapid sleep competition. 

3758
03:17:07,600 --> 03:17:11,000
The most, elaborate cheating 
scheme involved miners, who 

3759
03:17:11,000 --> 03:17:13,300
would practice falling asleep 
during their lunch breaks? 

3760
03:17:13,900 --> 03:17:16,300
Essentially training for the 
evening competitions, like 

3761
03:17:16,300 --> 03:17:19,400
athletes preparing for the 
Olympics, they'd find quiet 

3762
03:17:19,400 --> 03:17:22,200
spots in the mine. 
Set up their own Timing Systems 

3763
03:17:22,200 --> 03:17:25,200
and work on, perfecting their 
sleep on set technique during 

3764
03:17:25,200 --> 03:17:27,900
workout hours. 
This led to the somewhat 

3765
03:17:27,900 --> 03:17:31,000
stressful situation, where 
supervisors had to watch for 

3766
03:17:31,000 --> 03:17:32,600
minors. 
Who were good at falling asleep?

3767
03:17:32,600 --> 03:17:36,100
If you could doze off to quickly
during the day, you might be 

3768
03:17:36,100 --> 03:17:39,500
suspected of practicing for the 
evening competitions, instead of

3769
03:17:39,500 --> 03:17:43,600
focusing on your actual job. 
Why were you able to fall 

3770
03:17:43,600 --> 03:17:45,400
asleep? 
So fast during lunch break in 

3771
03:17:45,400 --> 03:17:48,500
hand, the U training? 
For tonight's Darkness challenge

3772
03:17:48,500 --> 03:17:50,500
when you should be thinking 
about copper extraction. 

3773
03:17:51,400 --> 03:17:55,200
Imagine having to defend your 
natural sleepiness as evidence 

3774
03:17:55,200 --> 03:17:58,200
that you weren't being 
competitive about bed time, it 

3775
03:17:58,200 --> 03:18:00,600
was like being too good at 
relaxation for your own good. 

3776
03:18:01,700 --> 03:18:05,800
The competitions also created an
unexpected side effect miners 

3777
03:18:05,800 --> 03:18:08,300
became incredibly sensitive to 
sleep disruption. 

3778
03:18:09,100 --> 03:18:12,700
Snoring neighbor, the creaking 
roof beam or an unusually active

3779
03:18:12,700 --> 03:18:14,300
Mouse. 
Could completely ruin your 

3780
03:18:14,300 --> 03:18:17,500
competitive sleep time. 
This led to elaborate 

3781
03:18:17,500 --> 03:18:20,200
pre-competition rituals 
involving soundproofing attempts

3782
03:18:20,200 --> 03:18:23,500
neighbor, negotiations. 
And what can only be described 

3783
03:18:23,500 --> 03:18:26,600
as Bronze Age, White Noise 
machines, usually involving 

3784
03:18:26,600 --> 03:18:29,100
controlled water dripping, or 
rhythmic tool tapping. 

3785
03:18:29,100 --> 03:18:31,700
And just when you thought it 
couldn't get more complicated, 

3786
03:18:31,700 --> 03:18:35,100
the community started developing
seasonal, variations of the 

3787
03:18:35,100 --> 03:18:38,300
challenges with different rules 
for winter, sleeping vs, Summer,

3788
03:18:38,300 --> 03:18:42,000
sleeping New Moon vs. 
Full moon Knights and pre-mining

3789
03:18:42,000 --> 03:18:45,400
vs, post mining sleep, 
session's, There was the kind of

3790
03:18:45,400 --> 03:18:48,800
thing that started as simple fun
and evolved into a complex 

3791
03:18:48,800 --> 03:18:51,300
subculture with its own rules 
strategies, and social 

3792
03:18:51,300 --> 03:18:55,200
hierarchies, because apparently 
even sleep needed to be 

3793
03:18:55,200 --> 03:18:58,200
optimized for maximum efficiency
and competitive advantage. 

3794
03:18:59,000 --> 03:19:01,600
Who knew Bronze Age, miners, 
were the original life hackers? 

3795
03:19:01,600 --> 03:19:04,600
Just when you thought Bronze Age
sleep habits, couldnt get any 

3796
03:19:04,600 --> 03:19:07,700
stranger we encounter, what 
might be the most peculiar 

3797
03:19:07,700 --> 03:19:12,400
phenomenon of all the singing 
sleepers, a know, this isn't 

3798
03:19:12,400 --> 03:19:14,400
about minors. 
Who humbled, lullabies to help 

3799
03:19:14,400 --> 03:19:17,300
himself drift off, though. 
That would be charmingly normal 

3800
03:19:17,300 --> 03:19:18,600
compared to what actually 
happened. 

3801
03:19:19,400 --> 03:19:22,700
You're lying in your Bronze Age 
bed remember, it's still that 

3802
03:19:22,700 --> 03:19:26,000
pile of straw, that's definitely
seen better days and from 

3803
03:19:26,000 --> 03:19:29,200
somewhere in the darkness, comes
a sound that's part Melody part 

3804
03:19:29,200 --> 03:19:33,800
moan and entirely mysterious. 
It's your neighbor bronzebeard 

3805
03:19:33,800 --> 03:19:37,100
engaging in what the mining 
Community called Sleep singing. 

3806
03:19:37,900 --> 03:19:40,900
A phenomenon that was part 
medical condition parts, social 

3807
03:19:40,900 --> 03:19:44,000
ritual, an entirely fascinating 
to everyone who witnessed it. 

3808
03:19:44,800 --> 03:19:47,400
Sleep singing wasn't like the 
occasional snoring or sleep 

3809
03:19:47,400 --> 03:19:48,900
talking that you might be 
familiar with. 

3810
03:19:49,800 --> 03:19:53,400
These were not random mumbles or
unconscious vocalizations the 

3811
03:19:53,400 --> 03:19:55,700
singing sleepers. 
Produced, elaborate melodic 

3812
03:19:55,700 --> 03:19:59,400
compositions, while completely 
unconscious often lasting for 

3813
03:19:59,400 --> 03:20:02,400
hours, and featuring complex 
harmonies that they couldn't 

3814
03:20:02,400 --> 03:20:06,600
reproduce while awake the weird 
part as if it wasn't weird 

3815
03:20:06,600 --> 03:20:09,500
enough or ready. 
The song seemed to follow the 

3816
03:20:09,500 --> 03:20:13,100
rhythm of mining, The Melodies 
matched, the tempo of pickaxe. 

3817
03:20:13,100 --> 03:20:15,500
Swing's. 
The harmonies echoed, the sound 

3818
03:20:15,500 --> 03:20:18,500
of copper being separated from 
Stone and the overall 

3819
03:20:18,500 --> 03:20:22,100
compositions had a distinctly 
geological quality that somehow 

3820
03:20:22,100 --> 03:20:24,200
made perfect sense if you'd 
spent enough time on 

3821
03:20:24,200 --> 03:20:27,400
Underground, Imagine trying to 
explain this to your modern, 

3822
03:20:27,400 --> 03:20:30,800
sleep specialist. 
Well, doctor I seem to be 

3823
03:20:30,800 --> 03:20:34,100
composing symphonies in my 
sleep, but only ones that sound 

3824
03:20:34,100 --> 03:20:36,800
like mining equipment. 
And I can't remember any of it 

3825
03:20:36,800 --> 03:20:40,200
when I wake up. 
The mining communities didn't 

3826
03:20:40,200 --> 03:20:42,500
treat this as a medical Oddity 
to be cured. 

3827
03:20:42,500 --> 03:20:44,900
They embraced it, as a form of 
entertainment. 

3828
03:20:44,900 --> 03:20:48,500
And in some cases Divine 
communication families would 

3829
03:20:48,500 --> 03:20:50,900
actually adjust their sleeping 
arrangements, to be closer, to 

3830
03:20:50,908 --> 03:20:53,300
their household, sleep singer, a
neighbors. 

3831
03:20:53,300 --> 03:20:56,500
Would sometimes request specific
songs by leaving symbolic 

3832
03:20:56,500 --> 03:21:00,300
objects near the singer's bed. 
Want to hear the copper vein 

3833
03:21:00,300 --> 03:21:03,300
Discovery song, Leave a small 
piece of copper or by the 

3834
03:21:03,300 --> 03:21:06,900
sleeper's head hoping for the 
safe journey underground Melody.

3835
03:21:07,900 --> 03:21:10,500
Mining tool placed just so might
do the trick. 

3836
03:21:10,500 --> 03:21:13,800
It was like having a prehistoric
jukebox that operated on 

3837
03:21:13,800 --> 03:21:17,700
unconscious request fulfillment.
But here's where things got 

3838
03:21:17,700 --> 03:21:19,900
mildly stressful, for the 
sleeping as themselves. 

3839
03:21:19,900 --> 03:21:22,700
They started feeling performance
pressure, even while 

3840
03:21:22,700 --> 03:21:25,600
unconscious. 
Some singers reported anxiety 

3841
03:21:25,600 --> 03:21:28,800
dreams about not producing good 
enough, not ternal concerts, or 

3842
03:21:28,800 --> 03:21:31,400
nightmares about forgetting. 
The Melodies, their communities 

3843
03:21:31,400 --> 03:21:35,000
had come to expect. bronzebeard 
might wake up feeling exhausted,

3844
03:21:35,000 --> 03:21:39,200
not from physical labor, but 
from the cycle pressure of being

3845
03:21:39,200 --> 03:21:41,200
the neighborhood's primary 
source of nighttime 

3846
03:21:41,200 --> 03:21:44,700
entertainment Imagine the 
responsibility of knowing that 

3847
03:21:44,700 --> 03:21:46,800
your Sleep Quality directly 
affected. 

3848
03:21:46,800 --> 03:21:49,200
Everyone else's enjoyment of 
their evening. 

3849
03:21:50,400 --> 03:21:52,700
Did you hit bronze beards 
performance last night. 

3850
03:21:52,700 --> 03:21:55,700
Usually, his underground. 
Flooding song is much more 

3851
03:21:55,700 --> 03:21:57,900
dramatic. 
I hope he's not coming down with

3852
03:21:57,900 --> 03:22:00,600
something the phenomenon 
created, its own social 

3853
03:22:00,600 --> 03:22:04,200
dynamics. sleep, singers became 
informal Community leaders, 

3854
03:22:04,200 --> 03:22:07,100
their unconscious musical 
choices in Florence, in group 

3855
03:22:07,100 --> 03:22:10,300
decisions about mining 
locations, safety, protocols, 

3856
03:22:10,300 --> 03:22:13,700
and even interpersonal 
conflicts, If the sleep song 

3857
03:22:13,700 --> 03:22:16,100
featured, Harmony is about, 
avoiding a particular tunnel, 

3858
03:22:16,100 --> 03:22:19,500
the mining crew might genuinely 
consider changing their plans. 

3859
03:22:20,300 --> 03:22:23,000
It was like having a focus group
that operated entirely through 

3860
03:22:23,000 --> 03:22:24,900
dream state musical 
compositions. 

3861
03:22:25,700 --> 03:22:27,400
Practical challenges were 
considerable. 

3862
03:22:27,400 --> 03:22:30,700
Sleep, singers, couldn't control
their nocturnal performance is, 

3863
03:22:30,700 --> 03:22:34,100
which meant, they might launch 
into arousing mining Anthem just

3864
03:22:34,100 --> 03:22:35,800
when everyone else was trying to
fall asleep. 

3865
03:22:37,200 --> 03:22:40,800
This led to the development of 
singer statues, informal 

3866
03:22:40,800 --> 03:22:43,400
agreements about when different 
sleeping as would be allowed to 

3867
03:22:43,400 --> 03:22:46,100
perform. 
Bronzebeard gets the first part 

3868
03:22:46,100 --> 03:22:48,200
of the night. 
Copper voice takes the middle 

3869
03:22:48,200 --> 03:22:52,200
shift and Tin throat handles, 
the pre-dawn slot That way 

3870
03:22:52,200 --> 03:22:54,500
everyone gets some quiet sleep 
time and some musical 

3871
03:22:54,500 --> 03:22:58,700
entertainment. scheduling on 
conscious performers is about as

3872
03:22:58,700 --> 03:23:02,200
reliable as predicting, the 
weather using tea leaves Singers

3873
03:23:02,200 --> 03:23:04,700
would sometimes sleep through 
their designated performance 

3874
03:23:04,700 --> 03:23:07,300
Windows leaving their audiences 
disappointed. 

3875
03:23:08,000 --> 03:23:10,500
Other times they'd have 
particularly energetic, Knights 

3876
03:23:10,500 --> 03:23:13,400
and sing right through someone 
else's scheduled quiet time. 

3877
03:23:14,200 --> 03:23:16,900
The communities developed 
surprisingly sophisticated ways 

3878
03:23:16,900 --> 03:23:20,000
to manage these challenges, some
groups appointed sleep. 

3879
03:23:20,000 --> 03:23:23,100
Conductors people whose job was 
to gently influence. 

3880
03:23:23,100 --> 03:23:25,600
The singers performance is 
through subtle environmental 

3881
03:23:25,600 --> 03:23:29,200
cues, they'd adjust the 
temperature introduced specific 

3882
03:23:29,200 --> 03:23:32,200
sense or create gentle 
background sounds that might 

3883
03:23:32,200 --> 03:23:33,700
encourage certain types of 
songs. 

3884
03:23:33,700 --> 03:23:37,500
It was like being a DJ for 
unconscious performers, trying, 

3885
03:23:37,500 --> 03:23:40,100
to create the right atmosphere 
for the kind of musical dreaming

3886
03:23:40,100 --> 03:23:41,900
that would benefit the entire 
Community. 

3887
03:23:41,900 --> 03:23:44,900
The most talented sleep 
conductors could allegedly 

3888
03:23:44,900 --> 03:23:46,900
influence. 
Not just the style of the song 

3889
03:23:46,900 --> 03:23:50,500
that their content once songs 
about successful mining 

3890
03:23:50,500 --> 03:23:53,900
Ventures, create an environment 
that feels prosperous and secure

3891
03:23:53,900 --> 03:23:58,300
need Melodies that would calm 
pre-mining, anxiety, focus on 

3892
03:23:58,300 --> 03:24:02,300
comfort and safety cues. 
Of course this system was about 

3893
03:24:02,300 --> 03:24:05,300
as reliable as you'd expect when
dealing with unconscious minds 

3894
03:24:05,300 --> 03:24:08,300
environmental manipulation and 
Bronze Age Technology. 

3895
03:24:09,600 --> 03:24:12,100
Sleep conductors would spend 
hours preparing the perfect 

3896
03:24:12,100 --> 03:24:15,700
conditions for inspiring mining 
themed lullabies only to have 

3897
03:24:15,700 --> 03:24:18,300
their featured singer produced, 
three hours of what sounded like

3898
03:24:18,300 --> 03:24:22,000
rocks, falling down a mountain. 
I specifically arranged 

3899
03:24:22,000 --> 03:24:24,500
everything to encourage the 
peaceful underground, Journey, 

3900
03:24:24,500 --> 03:24:28,300
composition, and instead we got 
four hours of avalanche in a 

3901
03:24:28,300 --> 03:24:30,000
copper mine. 
What am I doing wrong? 

3902
03:24:30,000 --> 03:24:32,900
The pressure on both singers and
conductors led to the 

3903
03:24:32,900 --> 03:24:35,100
development of backup 
Entertainment Systems, 

3904
03:24:35,100 --> 03:24:39,300
storytellers, musicians, and 
other performers who could fill 

3905
03:24:39,300 --> 03:24:41,800
in, when the sleeping didn't 
meet Community expectations. 

3906
03:24:41,800 --> 03:24:45,100
Because apparently even 
unconscious entertainment needed

3907
03:24:45,100 --> 03:24:48,700
understudies by now, you've 
probably realized that Bronze 

3908
03:24:48,700 --> 03:24:51,600
Age miners had turned sleep into
something, resembling a complex,

3909
03:24:51,600 --> 03:24:54,600
logistical operation. 
But just when you think you've 

3910
03:24:54,600 --> 03:24:58,100
got a handle on their nocturnal 
peculiarities, we encounter what

3911
03:24:58,100 --> 03:25:00,900
might be their most ambitious 
sleep related in Innovation? 

3912
03:25:00,900 --> 03:25:04,700
The great sleep. 
Migration picture, this, your 

3913
03:25:04,700 --> 03:25:07,600
copper arm again, and you've 
just discovered that your usual 

3914
03:25:07,600 --> 03:25:10,800
sleeping spot, that carefully 
chosen corner of your heart 

3915
03:25:10,800 --> 03:25:13,900
where the straw is, just the 
right density of the roof 

3916
03:25:13,900 --> 03:25:17,500
doesn't leak, too much is no 
longer providing quality rest. 

3917
03:25:18,400 --> 03:25:21,600
Maybe the sleeping neighbor has 
changed their repertoire to 

3918
03:25:21,600 --> 03:25:22,900
something that sounds like 
rocks. 

3919
03:25:22,900 --> 03:25:26,000
Have an argument. 
Maybe the local Mouse population

3920
03:25:26,000 --> 03:25:29,600
has decided your sleeping area 
is Prime real estate or maybe 

3921
03:25:29,600 --> 03:25:31,800
you've simply outgrown your 
current sleep environment. 

3922
03:25:31,800 --> 03:25:33,800
The way you might outgrow a 
favorite coffee shop that 

3923
03:25:33,800 --> 03:25:36,000
suddenly starts playing music, 
that makes your teeth hurt. 

3924
03:25:36,700 --> 03:25:39,200
The Logical solution would be to
adjust your sleeping 

3925
03:25:39,200 --> 03:25:42,800
Arrangements within your 
existing space, add more straw, 

3926
03:25:42,800 --> 03:25:46,000
negotiate with the neighbor 
declare war on the mice. 

3927
03:25:46,700 --> 03:25:49,700
But Bronze Age miners, as you've
learned weren't particularly 

3928
03:25:49,700 --> 03:25:52,400
interested in logical Solutions,
when creative ones were 

3929
03:25:52,400 --> 03:25:56,100
available, instead they 
developed a system of seasonal, 

3930
03:25:56,100 --> 03:25:58,900
sleep, migration, that would 
make modern minimalists. 

3931
03:25:58,900 --> 03:26:02,400
Weep with envy and digital 
Nomads nod with understanding. 

3932
03:26:03,100 --> 03:26:06,100
The concept was beautifully. 
Simple, instead of trying to 

3933
03:26:06,100 --> 03:26:09,600
perfect one sleeping location, 
why not rotate through multiple 

3934
03:26:09,600 --> 03:26:10,900
sleeping spots throughout the 
year? 

3935
03:26:10,900 --> 03:26:14,100
Following optimal sleep 
conditions, the way Birds 

3936
03:26:14,100 --> 03:26:17,400
follow, favorable weather 
patterns This wasn't just about 

3937
03:26:17,400 --> 03:26:19,800
Comfort, though. 
Comfort was certainly part of 

3938
03:26:19,808 --> 03:26:21,900
it. 
The miners had observed that 

3939
03:26:21,900 --> 03:26:24,600
different sleeping locations 
seemed to produce different 

3940
03:26:24,600 --> 03:26:28,100
types of Dreams, different 
quality of rest, and different 

3941
03:26:28,100 --> 03:26:30,700
levels of preparation, for the 
next days underground work. 

3942
03:26:31,600 --> 03:26:34,100
Some places were better for deep
restorative sleep. 

3943
03:26:34,100 --> 03:26:38,000
Others seem to encourage the 
kind of light alert, rest that 

3944
03:26:38,000 --> 03:26:41,800
kept you ready for unexpected? 
Mine emergence of migration. 

3945
03:26:41,800 --> 03:26:45,000
Routes were rammed mining 
communities developed elaborate 

3946
03:26:45,000 --> 03:26:48,200
maps of optimal, sleeping 
locations, complete with 

3947
03:26:48,200 --> 03:26:52,400
seasonal ratings, dream quality,
assessments, and detailed notes 

3948
03:26:52,400 --> 03:26:55,100
about environmental factors that
affected rest quality. 

3949
03:26:55,900 --> 03:26:57,600
The sleeping Alcove behind 
Stone. 

3950
03:26:57,600 --> 03:27:00,900
Jaws Hut is excellent for deep 
winter, rest, but avoid it 

3951
03:27:00,900 --> 03:27:03,500
during the rainy season. 
Unless you enjoy the sound of 

3952
03:27:03,500 --> 03:27:07,200
water dripping, directly onto 
your forehead, every 37 seconds,

3953
03:27:08,200 --> 03:27:09,900
the elevated platform near the 
mine. 

3954
03:27:09,900 --> 03:27:12,500
Entrance provides Superior 
ventilation for summer sleeping,

3955
03:27:12,500 --> 03:27:15,100
but the sunrise light makes it 
unsuitable. 

3956
03:27:15,100 --> 03:27:19,000
For anyone who values sleeping 
past Dawn, these sleep migration

3957
03:27:19,000 --> 03:27:22,400
Maps became highly valued 
Community Resources passed down 

3958
03:27:22,408 --> 03:27:25,000
through families and traded 
between mining settlements like 

3959
03:27:25,000 --> 03:27:28,400
Precious commodities. 
The details sleep location guide

3960
03:27:28,400 --> 03:27:31,400
could be worth several days 
wages and experience sleep. 

3961
03:27:31,400 --> 03:27:35,100
Migrants were consulted like 
travel advisors I'm thinking of 

3962
03:27:35,100 --> 03:27:37,800
trying the rocky outcrop near 
the Eastern mine shaft for my 

3963
03:27:37,800 --> 03:27:40,900
Autumn sleep rotation. 
What's your assessment of the 

3964
03:27:40,900 --> 03:27:42,900
wind patterns and Rodin activity
in that area? 

3965
03:27:42,900 --> 03:27:46,500
The migration System created its
own social dynamics. 

3966
03:27:46,500 --> 03:27:49,800
Popular sleeping spots would 
become overcrowded during Peak 

3967
03:27:49,800 --> 03:27:53,100
Seasons leading to reservation 
systems and waiting lists. 

3968
03:27:53,600 --> 03:27:57,000
Prime locations might be booked 
months in advance with minors 

3969
03:27:57,000 --> 03:27:59,700
planning their sleep, schedule's
around availability, rather than

3970
03:27:59,700 --> 03:28:02,200
personal preference some 
entrepreneurs. 

3971
03:28:02,200 --> 03:28:05,700
Yes, Bronze Age miners had 
entrepreneurs started offering 

3972
03:28:05,700 --> 03:28:08,700
sleeping location, rental 
services, they'd Scout new 

3973
03:28:08,700 --> 03:28:12,200
spots, test them for optimal 
sleep conditions and then lease 

3974
03:28:12,200 --> 03:28:14,700
them to other miners for premium
rates during high demand 

3975
03:28:14,700 --> 03:28:17,500
periods. 
For just three extra copper 

3976
03:28:17,500 --> 03:28:20,200
pieces per moon cycle. 
You can have guaranteed access 

3977
03:28:20,200 --> 03:28:23,300
to the sheltered Grove with the 
natural sound dampening and 

3978
03:28:23,300 --> 03:28:27,100
built-in Morning. 
Sun alarm, no mice, no leaks, no

3979
03:28:27,100 --> 03:28:29,800
snoring. 
Neighbors premium sleep location

3980
03:28:29,800 --> 03:28:33,700
with a satisfaction guarantee. 
But the migration system also 

3981
03:28:33,700 --> 03:28:37,300
created, unexpected challenges 
miners would sometimes get so 

3982
03:28:37,300 --> 03:28:40,600
attached to particular seasonal 
sleeping spots that they refused

3983
03:28:40,600 --> 03:28:43,900
to migrate when conditions 
changed they'd stubbornly remain

3984
03:28:43,900 --> 03:28:46,500
in some locations. 
Well into winter suffering 

3985
03:28:46,500 --> 03:28:48,900
through cold and discomfort 
rather than give up their 

3986
03:28:48,900 --> 03:28:53,000
favorite sleep environment. 
This led to the development of 

3987
03:28:53,000 --> 03:28:56,600
migration counselors community 
members who specialized in 

3988
03:28:56,600 --> 03:28:59,400
helping mine as make healthy 
transitions between seasonal, 

3989
03:28:59,400 --> 03:29:02,700
sleeping locations. 
They'd provide emotional support

3990
03:29:02,700 --> 03:29:05,000
for minors who are having 
trouble letting go of unsuitable

3991
03:29:05,000 --> 03:29:08,500
sleeping spots, and practical 
advice for adapting to new sleep

3992
03:29:08,500 --> 03:29:11,400
environments. 
I understand your attachment to 

3993
03:29:11,400 --> 03:29:14,200
the mosque covered Boulder 
formation in tooth but it's been

3994
03:29:14,200 --> 03:29:15,900
flooding regularly for three 
weeks now. 

3995
03:29:16,900 --> 03:29:19,400
It's time to consider the 
elevated platform option, we 

3996
03:29:19,400 --> 03:29:21,800
discussed. 
The most dedicated sleep 

3997
03:29:21,800 --> 03:29:24,600
migrants would maintain detailed
journals documenting their 

3998
03:29:24,600 --> 03:29:27,900
experience in different 
locations noting factors like 

3999
03:29:27,900 --> 03:29:31,500
dream quality morning, energy 
levels and overall satisfaction 

4000
03:29:31,500 --> 03:29:34,400
ratings. 
These journals became valuable 

4001
03:29:34,400 --> 03:29:37,300
references for future migration 
planning and was sometimes 

4002
03:29:37,300 --> 03:29:40,000
shared with other minors seeking
optimal sleep Solutions. 

4003
03:29:41,000 --> 03:29:43,400
According to my records, the 
hollow tree sleeping spot. 

4004
03:29:43,400 --> 03:29:46,200
Provides, excellent dream recall
but poor neck support. 

4005
03:29:47,100 --> 03:29:49,600
The cave entrance location 
offers superior protection from 

4006
03:29:49,600 --> 03:29:53,000
weather, but tends to produce 
anxiety dreams about cave-ins. 

4007
03:29:53,800 --> 03:29:56,500
The meadow area is perfect for 
summer but becomes completely 

4008
03:29:56,500 --> 03:29:58,200
unsuitable. 
Once the seasonal flooding 

4009
03:29:58,200 --> 03:30:02,100
begins some miners took the 
migration concept so seriously 

4010
03:30:02,100 --> 03:30:04,200
that they'd spend more time 
traveling between sleeping 

4011
03:30:04,200 --> 03:30:06,500
locations than actually sleeping
in them. 

4012
03:30:07,200 --> 03:30:09,600
They'd become so focused on 
finding the perfect sleep 

4013
03:30:09,600 --> 03:30:12,400
environment that they'd exhaust 
themselves with constant 

4014
03:30:12,400 --> 03:30:15,700
relocation Logistics. 
The communities eventually had 

4015
03:30:15,700 --> 03:30:18,800
to establish migration limits to
prevent minors from wearing 

4016
03:30:18,800 --> 03:30:21,400
themselves out with excessive 
sleep location optimization. 

4017
03:30:22,600 --> 03:30:24,400
Too much time. 
Spent searching for perfect 

4018
03:30:24,400 --> 03:30:26,300
rest. 
Could actually cause worse 

4019
03:30:26,300 --> 03:30:29,300
Sleep, Quality than just 
settling for good enough. 

4020
03:30:30,100 --> 03:30:32,600
It was like the Bronze Age 
version of analysis paralysis, 

4021
03:30:32,600 --> 03:30:35,900
except instead of endless 
research about mattress types 

4022
03:30:35,900 --> 03:30:38,900
and thread counts. 
It involved geographical surveys

4023
03:30:38,900 --> 03:30:40,800
and seasonal weather pattern 
analysis. 

4024
03:30:41,900 --> 03:30:45,000
Just when the system seemed to 
be working smoothly, some 

4025
03:30:45,000 --> 03:30:47,800
Innovative miners, started 
experimenting with micro 

4026
03:30:47,800 --> 03:30:51,400
migration changing, sleeping 
locations multiple times within 

4027
03:30:51,400 --> 03:30:54,000
a single night to optimize 
different phases of their sleep 

4028
03:30:54,000 --> 03:30:56,300
cycles. 
Because, apparently even 

4029
03:30:56,300 --> 03:30:59,100
migration needed to be optimized
for maximum efficiency. 

4030
03:30:59,100 --> 03:31:01,900
Now, we're approaching, what 
might be the most extraordinary 

4031
03:31:01,900 --> 03:31:04,300
aspect of Bronze Age mining 
sleep culture? 

4032
03:31:04,300 --> 03:31:07,300
The systematic attempt to 
industrialize dreaming. 

4033
03:31:07,300 --> 03:31:11,300
Yes, you read that correctly. 
These ancient miners, tried to 

4034
03:31:11,300 --> 03:31:14,300
transform their dream lives into
a kind of underground think tank

4035
03:31:14,300 --> 03:31:17,400
and the results were equal 
parts, brilliant and completely 

4036
03:31:17,400 --> 03:31:20,300
bonkers. 
Your settling into your current 

4037
03:31:20,300 --> 03:31:23,200
migration location. 
Let's say it's the Early Autumn 

4038
03:31:23,200 --> 03:31:25,200
rotation. 
So you're probably in that nice 

4039
03:31:25,200 --> 03:31:27,300
spot near the stream with the 
natural Windbreak. 

4040
03:31:27,300 --> 03:31:30,500
And in stead of Simply hoping 
for good, dreams your 

4041
03:31:30,500 --> 03:31:33,900
participating in what the mining
Community called dream crafting.

4042
03:31:33,900 --> 03:31:37,300
This wasn't just about 
encouraging helpful dreams, it 

4043
03:31:37,300 --> 03:31:40,000
was about manufacturing, 
specific types of dreams for 

4044
03:31:40,000 --> 03:31:43,500
specific purposes. 
The concept emerge from the 

4045
03:31:43,500 --> 03:31:46,500
observation that miners who 
dreamed about their work, often 

4046
03:31:46,500 --> 03:31:49,300
came up with Creative Solutions 
to underground challenges. 

4047
03:31:50,100 --> 03:31:52,700
Someone might dream about new 
way to shore up on stable 

4048
03:31:52,700 --> 03:31:55,700
tunnels or visualize a more 
efficient method for extracting 

4049
03:31:55,700 --> 03:31:59,800
ore from difficult veins. 
These work related dreams seem 

4050
03:31:59,800 --> 03:32:02,700
to access a kind of problem 
solving capability that 

4051
03:32:02,700 --> 03:32:04,500
conscious Minds. 
Could not always achieve 

4052
03:32:05,300 --> 03:32:08,300
Naturally mining communities 
decided to systematize this 

4053
03:32:08,300 --> 03:32:12,200
process dream crafting involves 
elaborate pre-sleep preparation.

4054
03:32:12,200 --> 03:32:14,900
Rituals designed to encourage 
specific types of Dreams. 

4055
03:32:14,900 --> 03:32:18,600
Want to dream about finding new 
copper deposits spend. 

4056
03:32:18,600 --> 03:32:21,600
Your evening handling copper 
samples studying geological 

4057
03:32:21,600 --> 03:32:24,300
formations and mentally 
rehearsing successful. 

4058
03:32:24,300 --> 03:32:27,500
Mining scenarios hoping for 
dreams that would solve 

4059
03:32:27,500 --> 03:32:30,000
Structural Engineering problems.
Focus. 

4060
03:32:30,000 --> 03:32:33,300
Your Priestly potential on 
support beams tunnel design and 

4061
03:32:33,300 --> 03:32:36,400
Architectural challenges. 
It was like programming your 

4062
03:32:36,400 --> 03:32:38,900
unconscious mind to work on 
specific projects while you 

4063
03:32:38,900 --> 03:32:41,400
slept. 
The communities developed 

4064
03:32:41,400 --> 03:32:43,700
specialized roles for dream 
crafting support. 

4065
03:32:44,700 --> 03:32:47,600
Dream preparers would help 
miners set up their Priestly 

4066
03:32:47,600 --> 03:32:51,400
environments with appropriate 
visual tactile and olfactory 

4067
03:32:51,400 --> 03:32:54,300
cues. 
Dream recorders will be standing

4068
03:32:54,300 --> 03:32:57,400
by when mine is woke up. 
Ready to capture and document 

4069
03:32:57,400 --> 03:33:00,500
any potentially useful dream 
content before it faded from 

4070
03:33:00,500 --> 03:33:04,100
memory. 
Quick copper arm your mumbling, 

4071
03:33:04,100 --> 03:33:07,200
something about Twisted Metal 
bindings and spiral support 

4072
03:33:07,200 --> 03:33:09,600
structures. 
Can you remember any details 

4073
03:33:09,600 --> 03:33:12,300
about the dream? 
And you'd be lying there, still 

4074
03:33:12,300 --> 03:33:14,500
half asleep trying to 
reconstruct a complex 

4075
03:33:14,500 --> 03:33:17,600
engineering Vision while someone
frantically takes notes about 

4076
03:33:17,600 --> 03:33:21,000
your drowsy mumbling, the most 
ambitious dream, crafting, 

4077
03:33:21,000 --> 03:33:23,300
experiments involved group 
dreaming sessions. 

4078
03:33:24,100 --> 03:33:27,300
Multiple miners would prepare to
sleep together, focusing on the 

4079
03:33:27,300 --> 03:33:30,400
same challenges and hoping to 
generate complementary dreams, 

4080
03:33:30,400 --> 03:33:32,800
that could be combined into 
comprehensive Solutions. 

4081
03:33:33,500 --> 03:33:36,000
It was like forming a dream 
based research and development 

4082
03:33:36,000 --> 03:33:38,500
team. 
Tonight we're all going to focus

4083
03:33:38,500 --> 03:33:42,200
on the flooding problem in the 
Eastern tunnels bronzebeard you.

4084
03:33:42,200 --> 03:33:43,900
Concentrate on drainage 
Solutions. 

4085
03:33:43,900 --> 03:33:48,900
Tin hand focus on waterproofing,
materials, Stone jaw, see if you

4086
03:33:48,908 --> 03:33:51,300
can dream up some kind of early 
warning system for water 

4087
03:33:51,300 --> 03:33:54,700
detection, the success rate for 
these group dreaming, projects 

4088
03:33:54,700 --> 03:33:57,600
was about what you'd expect when
trying to coordinate unconscious

4089
03:33:57,600 --> 03:33:59,900
minds working on complex, 
technical problems. 

4090
03:34:00,800 --> 03:34:03,000
Occasionally the miners would 
awaken with Innovative 

4091
03:34:03,000 --> 03:34:06,100
complementary solutions that 
seamlessly Blended together like

4092
03:34:06,100 --> 03:34:07,800
a puzzle. 
More often. 

4093
03:34:07,800 --> 03:34:10,900
They produce a collection of 
unrelated dreams about fish 

4094
03:34:10,900 --> 03:34:14,200
childhood memories and that 
embarrassing incident with the 

4095
03:34:14,200 --> 03:34:17,800
pickaxe from three summers ago. 
But the occasional successes 

4096
03:34:17,800 --> 03:34:20,700
were impressive enough to keep 
the system going and some mining

4097
03:34:20,700 --> 03:34:23,300
communities became quite 
sophisticated in their dream, 

4098
03:34:23,300 --> 03:34:26,200
crafting techniques. 
They developed what we might 

4099
03:34:26,200 --> 03:34:29,100
recognize as early version of 
lucid dreaming training, 

4100
03:34:29,100 --> 03:34:32,300
teaching mine is to recognize 
when they were dreaming and to 

4101
03:34:32,300 --> 03:34:34,800
maintain some level of conscious
control over their dream. 

4102
03:34:34,800 --> 03:34:38,900
Narratives, the goal was to stay
focused on work-related problem 

4103
03:34:38,900 --> 03:34:43,700
solving even while asleep. 
Remember when you realize your 

4104
03:34:43,700 --> 03:34:47,000
dreaming, don't get distracted 
by flying or other dream 

4105
03:34:47,000 --> 03:34:49,700
nonsense. 
Focus on the tunnel ventilation 

4106
03:34:49,700 --> 03:34:53,100
challenge, use your dream state 
to visualize solutions that 

4107
03:34:53,100 --> 03:34:55,000
might not occur to your waking 
mind. 

4108
03:34:55,700 --> 03:34:58,700
This created some mildly 
stressful situations where mine 

4109
03:34:58,700 --> 03:35:01,100
has felt to be productive even 
while unconscious. 

4110
03:35:01,100 --> 03:35:04,700
Imagine the anxiety of knowing 
that your sleep performance was 

4111
03:35:04,700 --> 03:35:07,900
being evaluated, not just for 
rest quality, but for Creative 

4112
03:35:07,900 --> 03:35:10,600
problem solving output, Sorry 
everyone. 

4113
03:35:10,600 --> 03:35:13,300
My dreams last night were 
completely useless. 

4114
03:35:13,300 --> 03:35:16,700
I spent the whole time dreaming 
about a giant copper colored 

4115
03:35:16,700 --> 03:35:18,800
rabbit that kept giving me 
mining advice. 

4116
03:35:18,800 --> 03:35:22,100
That made no sense. 
I don't think we can use dig 

4117
03:35:22,100 --> 03:35:25,400
tunnels like carrot Burrows as a
viable engineering strategy. 

4118
03:35:25,400 --> 03:35:29,200
The community's eventually had 
to establish dream failure, 

4119
03:35:29,200 --> 03:35:32,200
forgiveness policies, to prevent
minors from developing sleep 

4120
03:35:32,200 --> 03:35:34,300
anxiety. 
There would actually reduce 

4121
03:35:34,300 --> 03:35:37,800
their dream productivity, Some 
of the most dedicated dream 

4122
03:35:37,800 --> 03:35:40,200
Crafters started. 
Keeping details dream journals 

4123
03:35:40,200 --> 03:35:42,600
documenting. 
Not just the content of their 

4124
03:35:42,600 --> 03:35:45,800
dreams but the Priestly 
preparation techniques that seem

4125
03:35:45,800 --> 03:35:47,300
to produce the most useful 
results. 

4126
03:35:47,300 --> 03:35:51,400
These journals became valuable 
Community Resources like recipe 

4127
03:35:51,400 --> 03:35:53,600
books for generating specific 
types of Dreams. 

4128
03:35:55,000 --> 03:35:58,100
For dreams about all quality 
assessment, I recommend spending

4129
03:35:58,100 --> 03:36:00,900
the evening examining different 
metal samples, while thinking 

4130
03:36:00,900 --> 03:36:04,500
about color, variations and 
density testing, avoid eating 

4131
03:36:04,500 --> 03:36:08,000
fermented foods before sleep as 
they seem to introduce random 

4132
03:36:08,000 --> 03:36:10,400
elements that distract from 
metallurgical Focus. 

4133
03:36:11,400 --> 03:36:13,800
The most successful dream 
Crafters developed personal 

4134
03:36:13,800 --> 03:36:17,100
specializations becoming known 
for their ability to generate 

4135
03:36:17,100 --> 03:36:19,500
specific types of 
problem-solving dreams. 

4136
03:36:20,400 --> 03:36:22,900
Some became Specialists and 
Structural Engineering dreams, 

4137
03:36:22,900 --> 03:36:25,500
others focused, on Geological, 
Survey dreams. 

4138
03:36:25,500 --> 03:36:28,800
And a few became known for their
uncanny ability to dream about 

4139
03:36:28,800 --> 03:36:31,900
workplace Safety Solutions. 
These Specialists would 

4140
03:36:31,900 --> 03:36:35,600
sometimes be consulted by other 
mining communities facing 

4141
03:36:35,600 --> 03:36:38,000
similar challenges. 
They travel to different 

4142
03:36:38,000 --> 03:36:41,200
settlements, learn about local 
mining problems, and then 

4143
03:36:41,200 --> 03:36:44,100
attempt to dream up solutions, 
that could be implemented by the

4144
03:36:44,100 --> 03:36:47,000
visiting Community. 
It was like having Bronze Age 

4145
03:36:47,000 --> 03:36:49,900
Consulting Services Powered By 
REM sleep, and unconscious 

4146
03:36:49,900 --> 03:36:52,700
creativity. 
But the system also produced 

4147
03:36:52,700 --> 03:36:56,000
some wonderfully unexpected 
results miners who were trying 

4148
03:36:56,000 --> 03:36:58,900
to dream about Technical 
Solutions would sometimes come 

4149
03:36:58,900 --> 03:37:01,500
up with Innovations and 
completely unrelated areas. 

4150
03:37:01,500 --> 03:37:04,800
Someone focusing on Tunnel 
support might dream up new food 

4151
03:37:04,800 --> 03:37:08,600
preservation techniques a minor 
concentrating on or extraction 

4152
03:37:08,600 --> 03:37:11,800
might wake up with ideas for 
improved textile manufacturing. 

4153
03:37:11,800 --> 03:37:14,700
The community started 
maintaining unexpected 

4154
03:37:14,700 --> 03:37:18,600
Innovation logs to capture these
accidental discoveries leading 

4155
03:37:18,600 --> 03:37:21,200
to a kind of Bronze Age, 
cross-pollination of ideas 

4156
03:37:21,200 --> 03:37:23,100
between different Industries and
crafts. 

4157
03:37:23,700 --> 03:37:26,400
And just when the dream crafting
system seemed to be reaching 

4158
03:37:26,400 --> 03:37:29,600
Peak sophistication, some 
Innovative miners, started 

4159
03:37:29,600 --> 03:37:33,200
experimenting with dream trading
attempting to share their dreams

4160
03:37:33,200 --> 03:37:35,900
with other people through 
detailed storytelling and 

4161
03:37:35,900 --> 03:37:39,200
visualization exercises. 
This suggests that even 

4162
03:37:39,200 --> 03:37:42,400
unconscious, creativity required
optimization for maximum 

4163
03:37:42,400 --> 03:37:46,100
distribution and collaborative 
efficiency as your drifting 

4164
03:37:46,100 --> 03:37:48,200
towards sleep. 
In your modern bed, with your 

4165
03:37:48,208 --> 03:37:51,000
climate control and blackout 
curtains, and probably a dozen. 

4166
03:37:51,000 --> 03:37:53,100
Different apps designed to 
optimize your rest. 

4167
03:37:53,100 --> 03:37:56,300
It's worth considering what 
happened to all this Bronze Age.

4168
03:37:56,300 --> 03:37:59,300
Sleep innovation did these 
elaborate systems simply 

4169
03:37:59,300 --> 03:38:02,300
disappear when mining techniques
evolved, or did they leave 

4170
03:38:02,300 --> 03:38:03,900
traces? 
That still influence, how we 

4171
03:38:03,900 --> 03:38:06,400
think about rest and dreams the 
answer. 

4172
03:38:06,400 --> 03:38:09,200
As you might expect is 
wonderfully complicated. 

4173
03:38:09,200 --> 03:38:12,600
Some of the Bronze Age, sleep 
practices evolved into 

4174
03:38:12,600 --> 03:38:14,800
Traditions that persisted for 
thousands of years. 

4175
03:38:15,800 --> 03:38:19,100
The concept of sleep migration, 
for instance, influenced, the 

4176
03:38:19,100 --> 03:38:21,600
development of seasonal living 
patterns, in many cultures. 

4177
03:38:21,600 --> 03:38:24,900
The idea that different 
environments produced different 

4178
03:38:24,900 --> 03:38:28,400
qualities of rest became 
embedded in various folk wisdom,

4179
03:38:28,400 --> 03:38:31,800
Traditions about optimal 
sleeping conditions, dream 

4180
03:38:31,800 --> 03:38:35,000
crafting techniques, found their
way into religious and spiritual

4181
03:38:35,000 --> 03:38:38,800
practices were directed dreaming
became associated with Divine 

4182
03:38:38,800 --> 03:38:43,000
communication and prophetic 
vision, The systematic approach 

4183
03:38:43,000 --> 03:38:45,600
to dream incubation. 
That Bronze Age miners developed

4184
03:38:45,600 --> 03:38:49,400
can be traced through various 
mystery, Traditions shamanic 

4185
03:38:49,400 --> 03:38:52,800
practices and even early medical
applications where dreams were 

4186
03:38:52,800 --> 03:38:56,500
used for Diagnostic purposes. 
the competitive aspects of 

4187
03:38:56,500 --> 03:38:59,200
Bronze Age, sleep culture 
evolved into more formal, 

4188
03:38:59,200 --> 03:39:02,800
sleep-related customs and 
ceremonies various cultures 

4189
03:39:02,800 --> 03:39:05,500
developed rituals around 
bedtime, Sleep Quality, 

4190
03:39:05,500 --> 03:39:09,000
assessment and dream sharing. 
The echo the miners systematic 

4191
03:39:09,000 --> 03:39:13,000
approach to rest optimization. 
But perhaps the most significant

4192
03:39:13,000 --> 03:39:16,700
Legacy was the fundamental idea 
that sleep could be actively 

4193
03:39:16,700 --> 03:39:19,400
managed and optimized rather 
than simply endured. 

4194
03:39:20,700 --> 03:39:23,500
Bronze Age, miners were among 
the first people to treat sleep 

4195
03:39:23,500 --> 03:39:26,200
as a skill that could be 
developed a resource. 

4196
03:39:26,200 --> 03:39:29,300
That could be managed and a tool
that could be used for specific 

4197
03:39:29,300 --> 03:39:32,400
purposes. 
This conceptual framework laid, 

4198
03:39:32,400 --> 03:39:34,900
the groundwork for later, 
developments and sleep medicine,

4199
03:39:34,900 --> 03:39:39,600
dream research, and what we, now
call Sleep hygiene, The miners, 

4200
03:39:39,600 --> 03:39:43,600
recognized, the environmental 
factors, social dynamics and 

4201
03:39:43,600 --> 03:39:46,400
psychological preparation, could
dramatically affect Sleep 

4202
03:39:46,400 --> 03:39:49,800
Quality, which was remarkably 
sophisticated for its time. 

4203
03:39:50,600 --> 03:39:53,000
There are understanding that 
different types of rests of 

4204
03:39:53,000 --> 03:39:56,000
different purposes. 
That deep sleep, light sleep, 

4205
03:39:56,000 --> 03:39:59,000
and various dreaming States. 
Each had distinct benefits 

4206
03:39:59,000 --> 03:40:02,400
predated modern sleep science by
thousands of years. 

4207
03:40:03,300 --> 03:40:05,100
They were essentially conducting
primitive. 

4208
03:40:05,100 --> 03:40:09,000
Sleep studies using themselves 
as test subjects and developing 

4209
03:40:09,000 --> 03:40:11,100
practical applications for their
discoveries. 

4210
03:40:12,500 --> 03:40:15,300
The social aspects of their 
sleep Innovations were equally 

4211
03:40:15,300 --> 03:40:18,800
influential the idea that 
individuals Sleep Quality could 

4212
03:40:18,800 --> 03:40:21,900
affect Community well-being, 
that sleep patterns could be 

4213
03:40:21,900 --> 03:40:25,400
coordinated for group benefit 
and that sleep related skills 

4214
03:40:25,400 --> 03:40:28,200
could be shared and taught 
became embedded in many 

4215
03:40:28,200 --> 03:40:30,700
cultures, approaches to rest and
Community Living. 

4216
03:40:31,500 --> 03:40:34,200
Even some of their more unusual 
practices left lasting 

4217
03:40:34,200 --> 03:40:37,400
influences. 
The concept of sleeping evolved 

4218
03:40:37,400 --> 03:40:40,400
into various traditional lullaby
practices and bedtime musical 

4219
03:40:40,400 --> 03:40:42,900
customs. 
The idea of sleep location, 

4220
03:40:42,900 --> 03:40:46,000
optimization influenced 
architectural approaches to 

4221
03:40:46,000 --> 03:40:48,800
bedroom design and the 
development of sleeping spaces 

4222
03:40:48,800 --> 03:40:51,900
in different cultures. 
Their systematic approach to 

4223
03:40:51,900 --> 03:40:55,500
managing sleep-related anxiety, 
recognizing that worry about 

4224
03:40:55,500 --> 03:40:57,400
Sleep. 
Quality could actually interfere

4225
03:40:57,400 --> 03:41:00,000
with rest. 
Became a Cornerstone of later. 

4226
03:41:00,000 --> 03:41:03,800
Therapeutic approaches to sleep 
disorders, Bronze Age miners 

4227
03:41:03,800 --> 03:41:06,400
were essentially practicing 
primitive cognitive behavioral 

4228
03:41:06,400 --> 03:41:10,200
therapy for Sleep problems, but 
perhaps most importantly, they 

4229
03:41:10,200 --> 03:41:12,600
established the precedent. 
That sleep was worth paying 

4230
03:41:12,600 --> 03:41:16,400
attention to worth investing 
effort in and worth treating as 

4231
03:41:16,400 --> 03:41:18,600
a serious aspect of human health
and productivity. 

4232
03:41:19,900 --> 03:41:21,900
This wasn't just about getting 
enough rest. 

4233
03:41:21,900 --> 03:41:25,400
It was about getting the right 
kind of rest in the right 

4234
03:41:25,400 --> 03:41:28,500
environment with the right 
preparation and support systems 

4235
03:41:28,500 --> 03:41:31,200
modern sleep. 
Research continues to confirm 

4236
03:41:31,200 --> 03:41:34,300
many intuitive findings. 
We now know that sleep 

4237
03:41:34,300 --> 03:41:38,200
environments do significantly 
affect risk, quality that social

4238
03:41:38,200 --> 03:41:41,500
factors can influence, sleep 
patterns, that pre-sleep 

4239
03:41:41,500 --> 03:41:44,500
routines, can improve sleep on 
set and quality, and that 

4240
03:41:44,500 --> 03:41:47,300
different types of sleep, serve 
different physiological, and 

4241
03:41:47,300 --> 03:41:50,200
psychological functions. 
The Contemporary interest in 

4242
03:41:50,200 --> 03:41:53,700
sleep optimization sleep, 
tracking and sleep-related 

4243
03:41:53,700 --> 03:41:56,900
wellness products. 
Reflects the same basic impulse 

4244
03:41:56,900 --> 03:41:59,900
that drove Bronze Age, mine's to
develop their elaborate sleep 

4245
03:41:59,900 --> 03:42:02,800
Management Systems. 
We're still trying to solve the 

4246
03:42:02,800 --> 03:42:06,300
same fundamental challenge, how 
to get the kind of rest that 

4247
03:42:06,300 --> 03:42:09,300
sustains our demanding often 
stressful lives. 

4248
03:42:09,300 --> 03:42:13,100
Of course, we have advantages 
that Bronze Age miners, couldn't

4249
03:42:13,100 --> 03:42:16,000
have imagined. 
We understand sleep physiology, 

4250
03:42:16,000 --> 03:42:19,700
we have effective treatments for
sleep disorders and we can 

4251
03:42:19,700 --> 03:42:22,600
create sleep environments that 
are safer and more comfortable 

4252
03:42:22,600 --> 03:42:24,800
than anything available 4,000 
years ago. 

4253
03:42:25,900 --> 03:42:28,100
But we may have lost some of 
their wisdom, about the social 

4254
03:42:28,100 --> 03:42:29,800
and psychological aspects of 
sleep. 

4255
03:42:30,600 --> 03:42:34,200
The recognition that rest is not
just an individual activity, but

4256
03:42:34,200 --> 03:42:37,600
a community resource that Sleep 
Quality affects not just 

4257
03:42:37,600 --> 03:42:40,900
personal performance, but group 
well-being and that the journey 

4258
03:42:40,900 --> 03:42:43,800
towards sleep can be as 
important as the Sleep itself. 

4259
03:42:43,800 --> 03:42:46,500
Offers insights that remain 
relevant today. 

4260
03:42:46,500 --> 03:42:50,000
As you settle into your sleep 
routine tonight, your 

4261
03:42:50,000 --> 03:42:52,800
participating in a tradition 
that stretches back to those 

4262
03:42:52,800 --> 03:42:56,500
ancient copper miners, who 
refused to accept poor sleep as 

4263
03:42:56,500 --> 03:42:58,500
an inevitable part of difficult 
work. 

4264
03:42:59,400 --> 03:43:01,400
They understood something that 
we're still learning. 

4265
03:43:02,300 --> 03:43:06,100
The good sleep is not a luxury, 
but a necessity, not a passive 

4266
03:43:06,100 --> 03:43:09,900
experience, but an active skill 
and not just about rest. 

4267
03:43:09,900 --> 03:43:13,400
But about preparing for whatever
challenges tomorrow might bring 

4268
03:43:14,200 --> 03:43:17,200
Their legacy lives on in every 
person who takes time to create 

4269
03:43:17,200 --> 03:43:20,800
a comfortable sleep environment 
Who develops bed time routines 

4270
03:43:20,800 --> 03:43:24,300
that work for their individual 
needs and who recognizes that? 

4271
03:43:24,300 --> 03:43:26,800
Rest is an investment in 
productivity and well-being 

4272
03:43:26,800 --> 03:43:30,400
rather than time lost from more 
important activities. 

4273
03:43:30,400 --> 03:43:34,300
So tonight as you adjust your 
pillow and settle into your 

4274
03:43:34,300 --> 03:43:37,000
carefully, chose and sleep 
position, your honoring 

4275
03:43:37,000 --> 03:43:40,000
thousands of years of human 
innovation in the art of rest, 

4276
03:43:40,700 --> 03:43:43,300
You're the beneficiary of 
countless generations of people 

4277
03:43:43,300 --> 03:43:45,900
who refuse to accept that sleep 
was simply something that 

4278
03:43:45,900 --> 03:43:48,800
happened to them rather than 
something they could actively 

4279
03:43:48,800 --> 03:43:51,700
improve. 
Your memory foam mattress and 

4280
03:43:51,700 --> 03:43:54,500
your smartphone sleep tracking 
apps would probably amazed the 

4281
03:43:54,500 --> 03:43:57,300
Bronze Age miners, but they'd 
immediately understand your 

4282
03:43:57,300 --> 03:43:59,800
desire to optimize your rest for
tomorrow's challenges. 

4283
03:44:00,600 --> 03:44:03,400
They'd recognize the familiar 
human impulse to turn even 

4284
03:44:03,400 --> 03:44:06,600
unconsciousness into an 
opportunity for improvement and 

4285
03:44:06,600 --> 03:44:10,400
innovation. 
And maybe in their honor, you 

4286
03:44:10,400 --> 03:44:12,800
could take a moment to 
appreciate, not just the sleep, 

4287
03:44:12,800 --> 03:44:15,500
you're about to enjoy. 
But all the creativity, 

4288
03:44:15,500 --> 03:44:19,700
experimentation and stubborn 
determination that made it 

4289
03:44:19,700 --> 03:44:22,300
possible. 
From their underground napping 

4290
03:44:22,300 --> 03:44:24,700
experiments to your white noise 
machine by the bed. 

4291
03:44:24,700 --> 03:44:27,700
It's all part of the same 
ongoing human project. 

4292
03:44:28,700 --> 03:44:31,200
Quest for rest that truly 
restores. 

4293
03:44:32,200 --> 03:44:35,500
Tweet dreams. 
The Bronze Age miners would be 

4294
03:44:35,508 --> 03:44:39,100
proud of how far we've come and 
how much we still have in common

4295
03:44:39,100 --> 03:44:41,400
with those ancient Seekers of 
perfect sleep. 

4296
03:44:41,400 --> 03:44:44,400
After all some things, never 
change. 

4297
03:44:44,400 --> 03:44:47,000
We all just want to wake up 
feeling like we can face 

4298
03:44:47,000 --> 03:44:50,100
whatever the day might throw at 
us, whether it's a dangerous 

4299
03:44:50,100 --> 03:44:52,100
mine shaft or a challenging 
Monday morning. 

4300
03:44:52,100 --> 03:44:56,500
And in that Universal desire for
restorative, rest were connected

4301
03:44:56,500 --> 03:44:59,800
across thousands of years to 
those ingenious sleep, obsessed 

4302
03:44:59,800 --> 03:45:03,100
miners, who turned bedtime into 
an art form and dreaming into a 

4303
03:45:03,100 --> 03:45:07,100
collaborative Enterprise rest. 
Well, knowing your part of a 

4304
03:45:07,100 --> 03:45:09,500
very long tradition of people 
who take their sleep seriously 

4305
03:45:09,500 --> 03:45:11,900
and aren't afraid to get 
creative about it. 

4306
03:45:22,200 --> 03:45:26,100
In the year, 1162, amidst, the 
sweeping steppes of Mongolia a 

4307
03:45:26,100 --> 03:45:29,100
child was born into a world of 
cold winds and endless Plains, 

4308
03:45:29,100 --> 03:45:32,500
this child named to mu-jin would
grow to become the great 

4309
03:45:32,500 --> 03:45:34,600
Genghis. 
Khan the name that would Echo 

4310
03:45:34,600 --> 03:45:36,700
across history as the founder of
the Mongol Empire. 

4311
03:45:37,700 --> 03:45:40,500
But before he became a 
conqueror, he was simply a boy, 

4312
03:45:40,500 --> 03:45:44,000
born into struggle shaped by the
harshness of his environment and

4313
03:45:44,000 --> 03:45:47,900
the conflicts of his people, the
Mongolian steppes stretched far 

4314
03:45:47,900 --> 03:45:51,600
and wide a vast expanse of 
grasslands, where the sky met 

4315
03:45:51,600 --> 03:45:54,800
the Earth in a seamless Horizon.
Life. 

4316
03:45:54,800 --> 03:45:58,300
Here was simple. 
Yet brutal nomadic tribes moved 

4317
03:45:58,300 --> 03:46:01,600
with their herds, living off the
land and surviving the harsh 

4318
03:46:01,600 --> 03:46:03,200
Winters and the scorching 
Summers. 

4319
03:46:04,000 --> 03:46:08,000
It was a world where strength 
loyalty and resilience with the 

4320
03:46:08,000 --> 03:46:11,300
keys to survival. 
To early years were marked by 

4321
03:46:11,300 --> 03:46:14,400
hardship. 
He was the son of yasuke, a 

4322
03:46:14,400 --> 03:46:16,700
minor tribal leader and his wife
Hulen. 

4323
03:46:17,600 --> 03:46:21,400
When TAMU was just a young boy, 
his father was poisoned by a 

4324
03:46:21,400 --> 03:46:24,300
rival tribe. 
This sudden loss left his family

4325
03:46:24,300 --> 03:46:26,900
vulnerable and they were 
abandoned by their own Clan. 

4326
03:46:27,700 --> 03:46:31,000
His mother Holland to con the 
responsibility of raising to 

4327
03:46:31,000 --> 03:46:34,500
move in and his siblings alone. 
The family was left to fend for 

4328
03:46:34,500 --> 03:46:38,600
themselves on the open steps, 
relying on foraging hunting and 

4329
03:46:38,600 --> 03:46:42,600
sheer determination to survive. 
These early struggles, forged a 

4330
03:46:42,600 --> 03:46:45,600
deep resilience in. 
He learned to endure hunger, 

4331
03:46:45,600 --> 03:46:48,500
cold and the constant threat of 
violence. 

4332
03:46:49,500 --> 03:46:52,900
But he also learned the value of
unity, the importance of family 

4333
03:46:52,900 --> 03:46:56,500
and the need for loyalty. 
His mother's strength became a 

4334
03:46:56,500 --> 03:46:59,500
guiding force in his life. 
She taught him that survival 

4335
03:46:59,500 --> 03:47:02,200
required, not only physical 
strength, but also wisdom, 

4336
03:47:02,200 --> 03:47:06,900
patience and unyielding spirit. 
Does temujin, Grew Older. 

4337
03:47:06,900 --> 03:47:10,100
He began to understand the 
fragmented world of the Mongol 

4338
03:47:10,100 --> 03:47:12,300
tribes. 
There were endless feuds 

4339
03:47:12,300 --> 03:47:15,500
shifting alliances and a 
constant struggle for power. 

4340
03:47:16,300 --> 03:47:18,700
He saw how disunity left his 
people vulnerable. 

4341
03:47:19,400 --> 03:47:22,700
He dreamed of something greater 
of a world where the tribes 

4342
03:47:22,700 --> 03:47:25,100
could be United, where the 
endless conflicts could be 

4343
03:47:25,108 --> 03:47:28,800
replaced with a shared purpose, 
but before he could realize this

4344
03:47:28,800 --> 03:47:30,900
Vision, he faced countless 
challenges. 

4345
03:47:31,900 --> 03:47:35,500
Trail was a constant threat. 
One of his closest friends 

4346
03:47:35,500 --> 03:47:38,700
Jamaica who had once sworn 
Brotherhood with him would later

4347
03:47:38,700 --> 03:47:42,200
become his rival. 
Temujin path was marked by 

4348
03:47:42,200 --> 03:47:46,900
moments of capture imprisonment 
and Escape each setback. 

4349
03:47:46,900 --> 03:47:49,700
Hardened his resolve. 
He believed that strength was 

4350
03:47:49,700 --> 03:47:53,300
found not just in the sword but 
in the unity of purpose and 

4351
03:47:53,300 --> 03:47:58,000
loyalty In time temujin began to
gather followers who saw his 

4352
03:47:58,000 --> 03:48:01,500
vision, he was not just a 
warrior, he was a leader who 

4353
03:48:01,500 --> 03:48:04,500
understood people. 
He rewarded loyalty and Merit, 

4354
03:48:04,500 --> 03:48:07,800
rather than noble, birth a 
revolutionary idea in a world 

4355
03:48:07,800 --> 03:48:11,600
Bound by traditional. 
His reputation grew and more 

4356
03:48:11,600 --> 03:48:13,400
tribes pledged their allegiance 
to him. 

4357
03:48:13,400 --> 03:48:17,300
His ability, to inspire, to 
strategize, and to adapt to set 

4358
03:48:17,308 --> 03:48:20,900
him apart. 
He was relentless determined and

4359
03:48:20,900 --> 03:48:24,900
focused on a single goal to 
unite the Mongol tribes under 

4360
03:48:24,900 --> 03:48:29,000
one Banner. 
In 1206 after years of battles 

4361
03:48:29,000 --> 03:48:32,400
alliances and strategic 
Brilliance to mujin achieved his

4362
03:48:32,400 --> 03:48:34,800
dream. 
He was declared Genghis, Khan 

4363
03:48:34,800 --> 03:48:38,100
meaning, Universal ruler. 
It was a title that reflected 

4364
03:48:38,100 --> 03:48:41,200
his role as the unifier of the 
Mongols, a leader, who brought 

4365
03:48:41,200 --> 03:48:44,100
together the once fractured 
tribes into a formidable Force. 

4366
03:48:45,100 --> 03:48:47,700
But Genghis Khan's Vision did 
not stop at the borders of 

4367
03:48:47,700 --> 03:48:50,600
Mongolia. 
He saw beyond the steps Beyond 

4368
03:48:50,600 --> 03:48:54,300
the Horizon, his ambition was to
create a world where his people 

4369
03:48:54,300 --> 03:48:57,300
could Thrive where the divisions
that weakened them for 

4370
03:48:57,300 --> 03:48:59,300
centuries, could be replaced by 
a new order. 

4371
03:49:00,000 --> 03:49:03,900
His army is skilled Horsemen and
fierce Warriors began to expand.

4372
03:49:03,900 --> 03:49:07,500
The Mongol territory, they moved
with speed discipline and 

4373
03:49:07,500 --> 03:49:10,700
precision, conquering lands. 
That had once seemed unreachable

4374
03:49:11,800 --> 03:49:15,400
the campaigns of Genghis, Khan 
swept across Central Asia, into 

4375
03:49:15,400 --> 03:49:19,500
China and Beyond His leadership 
was marked by a combination of 

4376
03:49:19,500 --> 03:49:22,300
Ruthless efficiency and 
strategic genius. 

4377
03:49:23,300 --> 03:49:25,800
He understood the importance of 
adapting to New Challenges 

4378
03:49:25,800 --> 03:49:29,500
incorporating new technologies 
and learning from the cultures 

4379
03:49:29,500 --> 03:49:33,200
he encountered. under his rule, 
the Mongol Empire became a 

4380
03:49:33,200 --> 03:49:37,400
Melting Pot of ideas, trade, and
communication, But Genghis Khan 

4381
03:49:37,400 --> 03:49:40,400
was more than just a conqueror, 
he established laws to bring 

4382
03:49:40,408 --> 03:49:44,300
order to the chaos of his 
expanding Empire, his code known

4383
03:49:44,300 --> 03:49:47,900
as the Yasser emphasized, 
loyalty discipline and justice. 

4384
03:49:48,700 --> 03:49:52,000
Promoted religious tolerance 
recognizing that Unity required 

4385
03:49:52,000 --> 03:49:54,100
respecting the beliefs of 
diverse peoples. 

4386
03:49:54,100 --> 03:49:58,200
He created systems of 
communication trade routes and 

4387
03:49:58,200 --> 03:50:00,900
infrastructure that connected 
distant parts of his Empire. 

4388
03:50:00,900 --> 03:50:04,300
The Silk Road once a dangerous 
route. 

4389
03:50:04,300 --> 03:50:07,800
Flourished under Mongol 
protection facilitating the 

4390
03:50:07,800 --> 03:50:11,700
exchange of goods ideas and 
cultures as you breathe in 

4391
03:50:11,700 --> 03:50:14,700
deeply picture. 
The vast Mongolian steppes under

4392
03:50:14,700 --> 03:50:19,100
a night sky, filled with stars. 
The grass sways gently in the 

4393
03:50:19,108 --> 03:50:22,400
breeze and the world is quiet, 
except for the soft sound of 

4394
03:50:22,400 --> 03:50:24,600
horses. 
And the distant crackle of 

4395
03:50:24,608 --> 03:50:28,500
campfires, Genghis, Khan's 
Legacy stretches across these 

4396
03:50:28,500 --> 03:50:30,900
planes. 
A reminder, of a leader who 

4397
03:50:30,900 --> 03:50:34,800
dared to dream of unity who face
the harshness of his world with 

4398
03:50:34,800 --> 03:50:38,000
an unbreakable spirit. 
His life was a journey of 

4399
03:50:38,000 --> 03:50:40,100
resilience vision and 
transformation. 

4400
03:50:41,000 --> 03:50:44,300
He turned adversity into 
strength, chaos, into order and 

4401
03:50:44,300 --> 03:50:46,700
disunity into a vast and 
enduring Empire. 

4402
03:50:47,500 --> 03:50:50,400
Though his methods were Fierce 
his impact on the world was 

4403
03:50:50,400 --> 03:50:54,300
profound the connections. 
He forged between East and West,

4404
03:50:54,300 --> 03:50:57,900
reshaped, history, leaving a 
legacy that endures to this day.

4405
03:50:59,300 --> 03:51:03,000
Sink deeper into relaxation. 
Let the story of Genghis, Khan 

4406
03:51:03,000 --> 03:51:04,800
remind you of the power of 
perseverance. 

4407
03:51:04,800 --> 03:51:08,800
The strength found in unity and 
the importance of vision. 

4408
03:51:09,800 --> 03:51:12,700
His life filled with challenges 
and triumphs speaks to the 

4409
03:51:12,700 --> 03:51:14,500
boundless potential within each 
of us. 

4410
03:51:15,300 --> 03:51:19,400
The ability to overcome to lead,
and to create lasting change. 

4411
03:51:20,900 --> 03:51:23,700
As you drifting even deeper into
the calming Embrace of sleep. 

4412
03:51:23,700 --> 03:51:26,500
Let the Echoes of Genghis, 
Khan's Journey, gently guide, 

4413
03:51:26,500 --> 03:51:28,300
your thoughts. 
His story. 

4414
03:51:28,300 --> 03:51:30,900
One of struggle vision. 
And unrelenting, determination 

4415
03:51:30,900 --> 03:51:34,200
is a reminder of the strength 
that lies within every 

4416
03:51:34,200 --> 03:51:36,500
challenge, we face and the 
boundless potential, we 

4417
03:51:36,500 --> 03:51:38,300
possessed to shape our own 
destinies. 

4418
03:51:39,600 --> 03:51:42,600
Sure, the endless Mongolian 
steppes beneath of vast night 

4419
03:51:42,600 --> 03:51:47,600
sky, where the stars shine like 
scattered diamonds Illuminating,

4420
03:51:47,600 --> 03:51:51,000
the dark Plains below. 
The wind moves, softly 

4421
03:51:51,000 --> 03:51:54,100
Whispering Tales of ancient 
conquests and unification 

4422
03:51:54,100 --> 03:51:57,600
carrying with it. 
The faint of grasslands and 

4423
03:51:57,600 --> 03:52:01,400
distant fires. 
This is the world where Genghis,

4424
03:52:01,400 --> 03:52:05,600
Khan forged his legacy, a world 
where survival was harsh, but 

4425
03:52:05,600 --> 03:52:07,800
the spirit of resilience was 
even stronger. 

4426
03:52:08,700 --> 03:52:11,400
As his Empire expanded. 
So two did his influence. 

4427
03:52:11,400 --> 03:52:14,700
His conquests stretched from his
life, was a journey of 

4428
03:52:14,700 --> 03:52:16,900
resilience vision and 
transformation. 

4429
03:52:16,900 --> 03:52:20,900
He turned adversity into 
strength, chaos, into order and 

4430
03:52:20,900 --> 03:52:23,300
disunity into a vast and 
enduring Empire. 

4431
03:52:24,100 --> 03:52:27,000
Though, his methods were Fierce 
his impact on the world was 

4432
03:52:27,000 --> 03:52:29,700
profound. 
The connections he forged 

4433
03:52:29,700 --> 03:52:33,500
between Eastern West reshaped 
history, leaving a legacy that 

4434
03:52:33,500 --> 03:52:37,100
endures to this day. 
Sink deeper into relaxation. 

4435
03:52:37,100 --> 03:52:40,700
Let the story of Genghis, Khan 
remind you of the power of 

4436
03:52:40,700 --> 03:52:44,200
perseverance. 
The strength found in unity and 

4437
03:52:44,200 --> 03:52:48,000
the importance of vision. 
His life filled with challenges 

4438
03:52:48,000 --> 03:52:50,900
and triumphs speaks to the 
boundless potential within each 

4439
03:52:50,900 --> 03:52:55,400
of us, the ability to overcome 
to lead and to create lasting 

4440
03:52:55,400 --> 03:52:59,000
change. 
As you drift, even deeper into 

4441
03:52:59,000 --> 03:53:01,600
the calming Embrace of sleep, 
let the Echoes of Genghis, 

4442
03:53:01,600 --> 03:53:04,800
Khan's Journey, gently guide, 
your thoughts, his story. 

4443
03:53:04,800 --> 03:53:08,800
One of struggle vision and 
unrelenting, determination is a 

4444
03:53:08,800 --> 03:53:11,400
reminder of the strength that 
lies within every challenge, we 

4445
03:53:11,400 --> 03:53:14,000
face and the boundless 
potential, we possessed to shape

4446
03:53:14,000 --> 03:53:17,600
our own destinies. 
Picture the endless Mongolian 

4447
03:53:17,600 --> 03:53:22,000
steppes beneath a vast night sky
where the stars shine like 

4448
03:53:22,000 --> 03:53:25,400
scattered diamonds Illuminating,
the dark Plains below. 

4449
03:53:26,400 --> 03:53:29,400
The wind moves, softly 
Whispering Tales of ancient 

4450
03:53:29,400 --> 03:53:32,300
conquests and unification 
carrying with it. 

4451
03:53:32,300 --> 03:53:35,200
The faint of grasslands and 
distant fires. 

4452
03:53:36,500 --> 03:53:39,200
This is the world where as you 
breathe in slowly picture the 

4453
03:53:39,200 --> 03:53:43,300
vast expanse of his Empire, the 
land stretching Beyond sight 

4454
03:53:43,300 --> 03:53:47,500
mountains, rise in the distance 
Rivers, carve paths through 

4455
03:53:47,500 --> 03:53:50,900
fertile, valleys and open planes
role endlessly toward the 

4456
03:53:50,908 --> 03:53:53,800
Horizon. 
Each part of this landscape once

4457
03:53:53,800 --> 03:53:57,900
divided is now United, under a 
common rule, a testament, the 

4458
03:53:57,900 --> 03:54:01,800
power for shared purpose. 
Genghis, Khan's dream of unity 

4459
03:54:01,800 --> 03:54:05,200
has become a reality on shape, 
by his unwavering will and 

4460
03:54:05,200 --> 03:54:08,400
strategic brilliance. 
But even as his empire grew 

4461
03:54:08,400 --> 03:54:12,000
Genghis Khan remained tied to 
the Simplicity of his roots, he 

4462
03:54:12,000 --> 03:54:15,100
lived a life close to the Earth 
surrounded by the people who had

4463
03:54:15,100 --> 03:54:16,400
followed him from the very 
beginning. 

4464
03:54:16,400 --> 03:54:21,000
He never allowed himself to be 
consumed by luxury or excess his

4465
03:54:21,000 --> 03:54:22,800
strength. 
Lay in his ability to understand

4466
03:54:22,800 --> 03:54:25,900
both the Warriors Path and the 
leaders burden to balance the 

4467
03:54:25,900 --> 03:54:28,300
frosty of Conquest with the 
wisdom of governance. 

4468
03:54:29,800 --> 03:54:33,300
As the years passed, Genghis 
Khan continued to guide, his 

4469
03:54:33,300 --> 03:54:36,300
people, his vision, extending 
Beyond his own lifetime. 

4470
03:54:36,300 --> 03:54:40,400
He established systems of Law 
and Order ensuring that Justice 

4471
03:54:40,400 --> 03:54:42,100
and discipline held his empire 
together. 

4472
03:54:43,000 --> 03:54:47,300
His code, the Yasser provided 
structure and fairness holding 

4473
03:54:47,300 --> 03:54:51,500
even the highest-ranking leaders
accountable, This commitment to 

4474
03:54:51,500 --> 03:54:55,300
order and loyalty became the 
backbone of the Mongol Empire a 

4475
03:54:55,300 --> 03:54:57,400
legacy that would endure long 
after his death. 

4476
03:54:58,600 --> 03:55:01,900
In 1227 Genghis, Khan's Journey 
came to an end. 

4477
03:55:02,700 --> 03:55:05,900
He passed away during a military
campaign, his body returned to 

4478
03:55:05,900 --> 03:55:09,000
the land, he had known since 
childhood, his burial place 

4479
03:55:09,000 --> 03:55:12,500
remains a mystery hidden 
somewhere in the vast, steppes a

4480
03:55:12,500 --> 03:55:14,500
secret held tightly by those who
revered him. 

4481
03:55:14,500 --> 03:55:18,000
But though, his physical 
presence faded, his legacy 

4482
03:55:18,000 --> 03:55:21,400
continued to shape the world, 
his descendants carried his 

4483
03:55:21,400 --> 03:55:25,000
vision forward, expanding the 
Empire, and cementing his place 

4484
03:55:25,000 --> 03:55:29,400
in history. as you breathe 
deeply feel the quiet power of 

4485
03:55:29,400 --> 03:55:32,900
Genghis, Khan's story resonating
within you, his life, teachers 

4486
03:55:32,900 --> 03:55:37,100
us that even in the face of 
unimaginable challenges, a 

4487
03:55:37,100 --> 03:55:41,000
determined Spirit can overcome A
Clear Vision can unify and 

4488
03:55:41,000 --> 03:55:42,800
resilience can shake the course 
of history. 

4489
03:55:43,900 --> 03:55:47,200
Transformed his hardships into 
strength, his struggles into 

4490
03:55:47,200 --> 03:55:52,600
purpose, and his dreams into 
reality. imagine the steps once 

4491
03:55:52,600 --> 03:55:57,300
more now calm under the vast 
night sky, the stars continue 

4492
03:55:57,300 --> 03:56:01,300
their silent watch The wind 
carries a sense of timelessness 

4493
03:56:01,300 --> 03:56:03,700
and the land stretches out in 
quiet. 

4494
03:56:03,700 --> 03:56:06,500
Peace the world rests much like 
you do. 

4495
03:56:06,500 --> 03:56:10,400
Now, embracing the Stillness 
that follows the storm, the calm

4496
03:56:10,400 --> 03:56:14,300
that comes after a journey. 
Well, traveled Allow yourself to

4497
03:56:14,300 --> 03:56:17,800
let go completely to surrender 
to this peaceful Stillness. 

4498
03:56:18,800 --> 03:56:22,200
The story of Genghis, Khan, as 
taking you across endless planes

4499
03:56:22,200 --> 03:56:24,900
through battles, struggles and 
victories. 

4500
03:56:24,900 --> 03:56:30,300
Now you rest knowing that 
strength resilience and vision 

4501
03:56:30,300 --> 03:56:34,700
lie within you just as they did 
with him. the Journey of 

4502
03:56:34,700 --> 03:56:39,100
Discovery growth and purpose is 
yours to continue when you awake

4503
03:56:39,100 --> 03:56:43,900
and as you sink deeper into the 
Embrace of sleep, let Echoes of 

4504
03:56:43,908 --> 03:56:45,100
Genghis. 
Khan's Legacy. 

4505
03:56:45,100 --> 03:56:49,000
Ripple through your mind like a 
soft steady current His journey 

4506
03:56:49,000 --> 03:56:51,600
was vast stretching across 
endless, Plains. 

4507
03:56:51,600 --> 03:56:54,800
And through the annals of 
History yet, his life was also a

4508
03:56:54,800 --> 03:56:59,100
reflection of universal truths. 
Strengthen adversity, Vision, 

4509
03:56:59,100 --> 03:57:02,300
Beyond boundaries and the 
enduring power of unity. 

4510
03:57:03,300 --> 03:57:06,900
Imagine the Stillness of the 
steps at dawn, the first light 

4511
03:57:06,900 --> 03:57:09,800
of day, casting, a golden hue 
across the endless, grasslands. 

4512
03:57:10,900 --> 03:57:14,400
The world holds its breath in 
quiet anticipation, a moment 

4513
03:57:14,408 --> 03:57:16,300
suspended, between night and 
day. 

4514
03:57:16,900 --> 03:57:19,300
This is the same land that 
shaped to mujin. 

4515
03:57:19,300 --> 03:57:23,800
The boy who became Genghis Khan.
The cold winds, the hardships, 

4516
03:57:23,800 --> 03:57:27,100
the endless Horizons, all these 
elements, forged his Spirit, 

4517
03:57:27,100 --> 03:57:30,700
teaching him to endure to adapt,
and to lead. 

4518
03:57:31,700 --> 03:57:34,800
As you breed deeply. 
Let that same sense of quiet 

4519
03:57:34,800 --> 03:57:38,700
resilience settle within you. 
Just as the steps stretched 

4520
03:57:38,700 --> 03:57:41,700
Beyond sight. 
So to the possibilities within 

4521
03:57:41,700 --> 03:57:44,500
your own life. 
The Journey of Genghis. 

4522
03:57:44,500 --> 03:57:47,300
Khan reminds us that no matter 
how vast the challenges before 

4523
03:57:47,300 --> 03:57:50,900
us, the human spirit is capable 
of incredible endurance and 

4524
03:57:50,900 --> 03:57:54,500
transformation. 
In your mind's eye picture, the 

4525
03:57:54,508 --> 03:57:57,500
endless, Caravans that travel 
the Silk Road under the 

4526
03:57:57,500 --> 03:58:01,100
protection of the Mongol Empire.
Merchants from distant lands, 

4527
03:58:01,100 --> 03:58:04,500
move steadily along ancient 
Roots, their carts loaded with 

4528
03:58:04,500 --> 03:58:08,500
silks, spices and knowledge. 
The world is connected in ways, 

4529
03:58:08,500 --> 03:58:11,800
it had never been before ideas 
flowing freely across 

4530
03:58:11,800 --> 03:58:15,100
continents. 
These connections once fragile 

4531
03:58:15,100 --> 03:58:18,200
and uncertain, now we've a 
tapestry of shared Human 

4532
03:58:18,200 --> 03:58:20,900
Experience. 
Genghis Khan's Vision brought 

4533
03:58:20,900 --> 03:58:23,900
people together creating 
Pathways where there had once 

4534
03:58:23,900 --> 03:58:26,800
been barriers. 
His legacy lives, not just in 

4535
03:58:26,800 --> 03:58:30,500
the conquests but in the bridges
he built between cultures the 

4536
03:58:30,500 --> 03:58:34,000
systems of order, he established
and the idea that Unity even 

4537
03:58:34,000 --> 03:58:38,300
amidst diversity as possible. 
Now, let your thoughts drift 

4538
03:58:38,300 --> 03:58:40,000
further into the Stillness of 
night. 

4539
03:58:40,800 --> 03:58:42,800
Campfires have burned down to 
Embers. 

4540
03:58:42,800 --> 03:58:45,500
Their soft, glow. 
Casting faint light to cross the

4541
03:58:45,500 --> 03:58:48,400
face of Warriors, Nomads, and 
travelers. 

4542
03:58:49,400 --> 03:58:52,800
The air is filled with the faint
of smoke, in the quiet murmur of

4543
03:58:52,800 --> 03:58:56,400
people at rest. 
This moment of Peace harder and 

4544
03:58:56,400 --> 03:59:00,300
cherished, reflects the balance 
that Genghis, Khan sought a 

4545
03:59:00,300 --> 03:59:02,700
world where strength and 
stability allowed for moments of

4546
03:59:02,708 --> 03:59:05,600
Tranquility. 
Feel the calm spread through 

4547
03:59:05,600 --> 03:59:08,900
your body, each breath, drawing,
you deeper into a space of 

4548
03:59:08,900 --> 03:59:12,100
comfort and safety. 
The struggles of the day fall 

4549
03:59:12,100 --> 03:59:15,900
away like grains of sand carried
by the wind, your part of a 

4550
03:59:15,900 --> 03:59:18,800
larger Story one, where each 
challenge you face shapes you, 

4551
03:59:18,808 --> 03:59:22,900
where every moment of resilience
adds to your strengths, like the

4552
03:59:22,900 --> 03:59:26,000
great Khan, you possess the 
power to endure, to dream, and 

4553
03:59:26,000 --> 03:59:28,500
to create a legacy of your own. 
Imagine. 

4554
03:59:28,500 --> 03:59:31,400
Now, the vast plain stretching 
out Beneath The Sky filled with 

4555
03:59:31,400 --> 03:59:34,500
stars. 
The universe seems infinite yet.

4556
03:59:34,500 --> 03:59:37,300
There is a profound sense of 
Peace in knowing that you are a 

4557
03:59:37,300 --> 03:59:40,500
part of this Grand experience. 
The wind Whispers gently 

4558
03:59:40,500 --> 03:59:43,900
carrying with it, the stories of
the past, the hopes of the 

4559
03:59:43,908 --> 03:59:47,800
present and the dreams of the 
future, your connected to this 

4560
03:59:47,800 --> 03:59:50,800
Timeless flow. 
Your spirited ease, your heart 

4561
03:59:50,800 --> 03:59:53,400
steady. 
As your mind, drifts further 

4562
03:59:53,400 --> 03:59:55,700
into sleep. 
Let the essence of Genghis. 

4563
03:59:55,700 --> 03:59:59,800
Khan's story remain with you his
life shaped by hardship and 

4564
03:59:59,800 --> 04:00:02,600
Triumph reminds us that within 
every challenge. 

4565
04:00:02,600 --> 04:00:06,600
Lies an opportunity for growth, 
his journey from a boy abandoned

4566
04:00:06,600 --> 04:00:09,700
on the steps to a ruler who 
United vast lands, is a 

4567
04:00:09,708 --> 04:00:12,100
testament to the power of 
determination and vision. 

4568
04:00:12,100 --> 04:00:15,500
You too carry that same 
potential within you, the 

4569
04:00:15,500 --> 04:00:18,400
ability to overcome to rise and 
to transform. 

4570
04:00:19,500 --> 04:00:21,100
The world outside gross 
softener. 

4571
04:00:21,100 --> 04:00:23,900
Now, the edges of reality 
blurring as you surrender to 

4572
04:00:23,900 --> 04:00:27,900
rest, Your breath is slow steady
and calm. 

4573
04:00:29,000 --> 04:00:32,100
Each inhale fills you with a 
sense of possibility, each 

4574
04:00:32,100 --> 04:00:33,900
exhale. 
Releases any tension you've been

4575
04:00:33,900 --> 04:00:38,300
holding The night wraps around 
you like a warm cloak protecting

4576
04:00:38,300 --> 04:00:41,500
and soothing you as you drift 
further into peaceful sleep. 

4577
04:00:42,400 --> 04:00:45,600
As you drift, even deeper into 
the Embrace of sleep, the vast 

4578
04:00:45,600 --> 04:00:49,400
plains of History stretch 
endlessly before you, Serene and

4579
04:00:49,400 --> 04:00:52,300
timeless. 
The gentle rhythm of your breath

4580
04:00:52,300 --> 04:00:55,300
mirrors, the calm steady, Winds 
of the Mongolian, steppes 

4581
04:00:55,300 --> 04:00:58,900
Whispering stories of Courage, 
resilience and transformation. 

4582
04:01:00,500 --> 04:01:04,400
the Journey of Genghis, Khan 
Lingus, softly in your mind, a 

4583
04:01:04,400 --> 04:01:07,600
reminder that every challenge 
faced, every hardship, overcome 

4584
04:01:07,600 --> 04:01:11,600
shapes the path towards 
something, greater In this 

4585
04:01:11,600 --> 04:01:14,700
peaceful expanse, the world 
feels Limitless. 

4586
04:01:15,500 --> 04:01:19,100
The night sky filled with an 
infinite sea of stars, reflects 

4587
04:01:19,100 --> 04:01:20,700
the boundless potential within 
you. 

4588
04:01:20,700 --> 04:01:26,200
Each star glimmers with a quiet,
brilliant of possibility, hope 

4589
04:01:26,200 --> 04:01:28,700
and the dreams that lie, waiting
Beyond the Horizon. 

4590
04:01:30,000 --> 04:01:32,700
Just as Genghis, Khan dead to 
look beyond the confines of his 

4591
04:01:32,700 --> 04:01:35,100
world. 
You too are capable of breaking 

4592
04:01:35,100 --> 04:01:39,000
through barriers of envisioning,
New Paths of creating a life to 

4593
04:01:39,000 --> 04:01:41,000
find by your own resilience and 
purpose. 

4594
04:01:42,000 --> 04:01:45,600
Imagine The Quiet of the ancient
world, no City Lights. 

4595
04:01:45,600 --> 04:01:50,100
No noise of Modern Life, just 
the pure unbroken Silence of the

4596
04:01:50,100 --> 04:01:52,700
night. 
The grass beneath you is soft. 

4597
04:01:52,700 --> 04:01:56,000
Cool. 
And fragrant the areas crisp, 

4598
04:01:56,000 --> 04:01:58,400
carrying the center of Earth and
distant fires. 

4599
04:01:58,400 --> 04:02:01,700
The only sounds of the faint 
rustling of the wind and the 

4600
04:02:01,700 --> 04:02:04,100
occasional softener of a horse 
standing watch. 

4601
04:02:05,100 --> 04:02:08,400
Tranquility is a gift. 
Space where you can let go 

4602
04:02:08,400 --> 04:02:13,200
breathe deeply and allow your 
mind to float freely as you 

4603
04:02:13,200 --> 04:02:15,500
inhale, drawing a sense of calm 
strength. 

4604
04:02:16,100 --> 04:02:19,500
With each exhale, release, the 
burdens of the day, the worries 

4605
04:02:19,500 --> 04:02:22,600
that cling like Shadows. 
In this space. 

4606
04:02:22,600 --> 04:02:25,600
There is no need to rush. 
No need to struggle. 

4607
04:02:26,300 --> 04:02:29,900
You are safe held gently by the 
vastness of history and the 

4608
04:02:29,908 --> 04:02:34,100
quiet wisdom it offers. 
Like the open steps your mind, 

4609
04:02:34,100 --> 04:02:38,200
expands free from constraints 
filled with possibility. 

4610
04:02:39,400 --> 04:02:41,900
The story of Genghis, Khan is 
one of transformation. 

4611
04:02:42,700 --> 04:02:46,000
Of a young boy who endured pain 
and loss but who Rose to become 

4612
04:02:46,000 --> 04:02:49,500
a leader who reshaped the world?
His journey reminds us that 

4613
04:02:49,500 --> 04:02:51,400
strength is born in moments of 
adversity. 

4614
04:02:51,400 --> 04:02:54,700
That the spirit is forged in the
fires of challenge. 

4615
04:02:54,700 --> 04:02:58,900
His vision was clear, his 
resolve unbreakable and within 

4616
04:02:58,900 --> 04:03:01,200
you, too lies that same seed of 
potential. 

4617
04:03:01,200 --> 04:03:05,200
That same capacity for growth 
for vision for resilience 

4618
04:03:06,200 --> 04:03:09,100
Picture the endless Plains 
bathed in the soft glow of dawn.

4619
04:03:10,400 --> 04:03:14,200
First of sunlight, touch the 
Horizon, casting a warm Golden 

4620
04:03:14,200 --> 04:03:17,500
Light over the land. 
The sky shifts from Deep. 

4621
04:03:17,500 --> 04:03:20,000
Indigo to Gentle Hues of pink 
and orange. 

4622
04:03:20,600 --> 04:03:24,000
The world awakens slowly 
peacefully as the night. 

4623
04:03:24,000 --> 04:03:28,400
Gives way to a new day. 
This transition from Darkness to

4624
04:03:28,400 --> 04:03:32,200
light is a symbol of Hope a 
reminder that no matter how 

4625
04:03:32,200 --> 04:03:34,500
long. 
The night may seem the dawn 

4626
04:03:34,500 --> 04:03:39,100
always comes. 
Let this thought settle gently 

4627
04:03:39,100 --> 04:03:42,200
in your mind. 
Just as the night must yield to 

4628
04:03:42,200 --> 04:03:45,700
the morning, every struggle you 
face every challenge, you 

4629
04:03:45,700 --> 04:03:49,400
endure, holds the promise of 
renewal of new beginnings of 

4630
04:03:49,400 --> 04:03:50,900
possibilities, yet to be 
realized. 

4631
04:03:52,100 --> 04:03:54,600
The Journey of life, like the 
Journey of Genghis. 

4632
04:03:54,600 --> 04:03:58,300
Khan is one of cycles of 
hardship, and triumphs of 

4633
04:03:58,300 --> 04:04:01,200
Darkness and Light of ending and
New Beginnings. 

4634
04:04:02,300 --> 04:04:04,000
Feel your body, relax even 
further. 

4635
04:04:04,000 --> 04:04:08,800
Each muscle Letting Go your mind
sinking deeper into the comfort 

4636
04:04:08,800 --> 04:04:12,600
of sleep. the weight of the 
world lifts away leaving you 

4637
04:04:12,600 --> 04:04:17,800
light free and appease The Winds
of the steps, the vast Horizon's

4638
04:04:17,800 --> 04:04:21,300
and the quiet strength of 
history in a cocoon of serenity.

4639
04:04:22,400 --> 04:04:25,200
In this state of deep 
relaxation, know that you are 

4640
04:04:25,200 --> 04:04:29,400
part of something timeless. 
Struggles the victories, the 

4641
04:04:29,400 --> 04:04:32,500
dreams of those who came before 
you live on whispering, their 

4642
04:04:32,508 --> 04:04:36,300
wisdom and encouragement. 
You're connected to this greater

4643
04:04:36,300 --> 04:04:39,600
tapestry of humanity, a thread 
woven through the fabric of 

4644
04:04:39,600 --> 04:04:43,800
time, resilient and unbroken the
Morning, Mist hung thick and 

4645
04:04:43,800 --> 04:04:46,300
cool. 
Cloaking, the sacred grove in 

4646
04:04:46,300 --> 04:04:49,100
ethereal silence as the 
villagers gathered quietly 

4647
04:04:49,100 --> 04:04:52,400
beneath the Towering Oak. 
Its ancient branches stretched 

4648
04:04:52,400 --> 04:04:55,400
wide leaves Whispering softly in
the gentle breeze. 

4649
04:04:56,300 --> 04:04:59,300
At the center of this Gathering.
Stood, the Druid, his white 

4650
04:04:59,300 --> 04:05:02,300
robes glowing softly against the
muted tones of the forest. 

4651
04:05:03,000 --> 04:05:07,200
Beside him, young aired, waited 
nervously, his heart pounding in

4652
04:05:07,200 --> 04:05:09,700
anticipation of the ceremony 
that would shape the rest of his

4653
04:05:09,700 --> 04:05:12,100
life. 
A year did grown up hearing 

4654
04:05:12,100 --> 04:05:15,600
stories of Druids keepers of 
knowledge, Guides of King's 

4655
04:05:15,600 --> 04:05:19,000
interpreters of Omens. 
From the moment he was chosen as

4656
04:05:19,000 --> 04:05:21,300
an apprentice, his life had 
revolved around careful, 

4657
04:05:21,300 --> 04:05:25,200
training memorizing, countless 
oral Traditions, learning the 

4658
04:05:25,200 --> 04:05:27,800
subtle language of Nature and 
understanding the 

4659
04:05:27,800 --> 04:05:29,200
interconnectedness of all 
things. 

4660
04:05:30,200 --> 04:05:33,300
Yet today was different. 
Today marked his formal 

4661
04:05:33,300 --> 04:05:37,600
initiation the beginning of his 
true path as a druid His teacher

4662
04:05:37,600 --> 04:05:41,900
bran stepped forward slowly his 
aged face Serena but deeply line

4663
04:05:41,900 --> 04:05:45,900
from years of wisdom and Care. 
Gran raised a staff carved from 

4664
04:05:45,900 --> 04:05:50,000
you symbolizing strength and 
rebirth, He struck it, gently 

4665
04:05:50,000 --> 04:05:53,200
upon the Earth. 
Three times each resonant third 

4666
04:05:53,200 --> 04:05:55,800
Breaking, the silence and 
calling attention to the sacred,

4667
04:05:55,800 --> 04:05:59,300
right? 
Today Brown began his voice. 

4668
04:05:59,300 --> 04:06:02,400
Calm yet, powerful. 
We Gather beneath the oak, the 

4669
04:06:02,400 --> 04:06:06,100
heart of our people, the symbol 
of our enduring strength, AIDS 

4670
04:06:06,100 --> 04:06:09,500
stands before us ready to begin.
His journey as keeper of our 

4671
04:06:09,500 --> 04:06:11,700
knowledge and guardian of our 
traditions. 

4672
04:06:12,500 --> 04:06:15,400
All Eyes turned to aired who 
felt the weight of their gazes 

4673
04:06:15,400 --> 04:06:17,400
as both responsibility and 
honor. 

4674
04:06:18,200 --> 04:06:21,500
Bran continued, his voice caring
easily through the hushed. 

4675
04:06:21,500 --> 04:06:24,100
Clearing. 
The yolk teaches us resilience 

4676
04:06:24,100 --> 04:06:27,600
its roots deep within the Earth 
branches ever reaching toward 

4677
04:06:27,600 --> 04:06:30,500
the sky. 
So must I add plant himself 

4678
04:06:30,500 --> 04:06:33,700
firmly in our traditions and 
stretched toward wisdom yet 

4679
04:06:33,700 --> 04:06:37,500
unknown. 
Bran handed a small pouch 

4680
04:06:37,500 --> 04:06:40,200
containing. 
Seeds of sacred herbs missile 

4681
04:06:40,200 --> 04:06:44,200
toe, yarrow and Meadow, Sweet, 
symbols of healing, divination 

4682
04:06:44,200 --> 04:06:47,700
and purification. 
Plant these carefully, Brandon 

4683
04:06:47,700 --> 04:06:50,700
instructed, softly. 
Let them remind you always of 

4684
04:06:50,700 --> 04:06:56,600
your duty to heal for sea. 
Aired accepted the pouch 

4685
04:06:56,600 --> 04:06:59,900
reverently bowing, his head 
slightly and acknowledgment. 

4686
04:07:00,900 --> 04:07:03,600
Brandon led him toward the 
massive Oak, where the ground 

4687
04:07:03,600 --> 04:07:06,600
beneath was rich and dark warmed
by sunlight filtering through 

4688
04:07:06,600 --> 04:07:10,500
the branches, kneeling. 
Ayer gently, placed each seed 

4689
04:07:10,500 --> 04:07:14,100
into the Earth covering them 
carefully Whispering quiet 

4690
04:07:14,100 --> 04:07:17,100
blessings. 
As I had completed this task 

4691
04:07:17,100 --> 04:07:19,800
Brown latest hands. 
Gently on the young man's 

4692
04:07:19,800 --> 04:07:22,400
shoulders, his voice now, softer
more intimate. 

4693
04:07:23,200 --> 04:07:25,800
From This Moment, you're bound 
not only to the Oak. 

4694
04:07:25,800 --> 04:07:28,300
But to every life itself 
shelters every creature that 

4695
04:07:28,300 --> 04:07:32,400
finds refuge in its shadow, walk
this path with humility strength

4696
04:07:32,400 --> 04:07:35,300
and compassion. 
Rising to his feet. 

4697
04:07:35,300 --> 04:07:38,300
Aired felt a surge of Pride 
mixed with profound humility. 

4698
04:07:39,200 --> 04:07:42,900
Around him villagers nodded 
approvingly, their faces, warm 

4699
04:07:42,900 --> 04:07:45,200
with trust. 
This was more than mere 

4700
04:07:45,200 --> 04:07:47,700
tradition. 
It was a promise he had made to 

4701
04:07:47,700 --> 04:07:51,400
himself to brand and to the 
people who depended on The 

4702
04:07:51,400 --> 04:07:54,800
Druids wisdom and guidance. 
Following the ceremony, the 

4703
04:07:54,800 --> 04:07:58,900
villages in celebration offering
simple, but meaningful gifts 

4704
04:07:58,900 --> 04:08:02,700
woven reads, carved stones and 
handmade amulets. 

4705
04:08:03,400 --> 04:08:07,100
I had received each graciously 
feeling deeply connected to the 

4706
04:08:07,100 --> 04:08:09,000
community that had nurtured him 
from childhood. 

4707
04:08:10,100 --> 04:08:12,200
As evening, descended aired, and
Brad. 

4708
04:08:12,200 --> 04:08:15,900
Walked slowly backed toward the 
village their path illuminated 

4709
04:08:15,900 --> 04:08:18,600
by Soft moonlight. 
Brands. 

4710
04:08:18,600 --> 04:08:20,300
But quietly his voice 
reflective. 

4711
04:08:20,300 --> 04:08:24,100
Remember Aid. 
A druid strength lies, not in 

4712
04:08:24,100 --> 04:08:26,800
his power to command, but in his
ability to listen, understand 

4713
04:08:26,800 --> 04:08:30,500
and guide, Aid. 
Nodded absorbing the wisdom of 

4714
04:08:30,500 --> 04:08:33,400
his mentor. 
I will remember bran, he 

4715
04:08:33,400 --> 04:08:36,200
promised earnestly. 
I will honor this responsibility

4716
04:08:36,200 --> 04:08:40,000
with every breath. 
Brown smiled gently laying a 

4717
04:08:40,000 --> 04:08:41,500
comforting hand on a head 
shoulder. 

4718
04:08:41,500 --> 04:08:45,800
Then your journey has truly 
begun. returning to his modest 

4719
04:08:45,800 --> 04:08:49,700
dwelling, I had sat quietly 
beneath the stars contemplating 

4720
04:08:49,700 --> 04:08:53,100
the days of ends, The weight of 
his new role settled comfortably

4721
04:08:53,100 --> 04:08:56,500
upon his shoulders bolstered by 
the trust and teachings of those

4722
04:08:56,500 --> 04:08:59,200
around him. 
He knew challenges, lay ahead, 

4723
04:08:59,200 --> 04:09:03,000
it felt prepared rooted in 
ancient wisdom and ready to 

4724
04:09:03,000 --> 04:09:06,100
guide his people forward. 
A sleep claimed him. 

4725
04:09:06,100 --> 04:09:08,700
The image of the gray Oak 
lingard vividly in his mind, 

4726
04:09:08,700 --> 04:09:11,100
strong enduring, and full of 
life. 

4727
04:09:11,900 --> 04:09:12,800
It was a symbol. 
Yes. 

4728
04:09:12,800 --> 04:09:16,800
But also a promise, a constant 
reminder of who he was and who 

4729
04:09:16,800 --> 04:09:19,800
he was meant to become the 
forest was silent and still 

4730
04:09:19,800 --> 04:09:23,000
blanketed in a hushed 
anticipation that hung heavily 

4731
04:09:23,000 --> 04:09:25,900
among the gathered Villages. 
It was the eve of the winter 

4732
04:09:25,900 --> 04:09:28,200
solstice the longest night of 
the year. 

4733
04:09:29,100 --> 04:09:30,600
Time. 
When the veil Between Worlds, 

4734
04:09:30,600 --> 04:09:33,700
grew thin and the powers of 
nature pulse with quiet 

4735
04:09:33,700 --> 04:09:36,500
intensity. 
The villagers formed a 

4736
04:09:36,500 --> 04:09:38,100
respectful circle around the 
sacred Oak. 

4737
04:09:38,100 --> 04:09:42,000
Their breath visible in the cold
air eyes, fixed intently on bran

4738
04:09:42,000 --> 04:09:43,800
and aide. 
Who stood beneath the trees, 

4739
04:09:43,800 --> 04:09:46,200
immense branches, Brown stepped 
forward. 

4740
04:09:46,200 --> 04:09:49,900
His robes luminous in the 
Moonlight eyes reflecting 

4741
04:09:49,900 --> 04:09:53,600
profound wisdom earned through 
years of devotion and study. 

4742
04:09:54,300 --> 04:09:57,900
He held a golden sickle, its 
curved blade glinting, gently 

4743
04:09:57,900 --> 04:10:01,100
capturing the sparse Moonlight, 
that filtered through the Oaks 

4744
04:10:01,100 --> 04:10:04,600
sleeves. 
Designed him stood Aida a year 

4745
04:10:04,600 --> 04:10:08,500
older since his initiation more 
confident, yet humbled, by the 

4746
04:10:08,500 --> 04:10:11,900
gravity of the ceremony, he was 
about to undertake aired raced, 

4747
04:10:11,900 --> 04:10:14,900
his gazed to The Oaks lofty. 
Branches were clusters of 

4748
04:10:14,900 --> 04:10:17,600
mistletoe, grew pale berries, 
glowing softly. 

4749
04:10:17,600 --> 04:10:20,300
In the dimness, the mistletoe 
was sacred. 

4750
04:10:21,200 --> 04:10:24,700
Revered by The Druids for its 
Rarity, growing suspended 

4751
04:10:24,700 --> 04:10:27,500
Between Heaven and Earth, 
Untouched by the ground. 

4752
04:10:27,500 --> 04:10:30,900
It was a symbol of renewal 
heeling and peace. 

4753
04:10:30,900 --> 04:10:34,300
Its presence marking the oak, as
a specially blessed. 

4754
04:10:36,100 --> 04:10:38,200
Tonight. 
Grandpa. 

4755
04:10:38,200 --> 04:10:41,000
Clearly, his voice resonating 
through the attentive. 

4756
04:10:41,000 --> 04:10:43,700
Silence, we honor the sacred 
missile toe. 

4757
04:10:43,700 --> 04:10:47,600
The plant of healing and peace. 
it reminds us that even in the 

4758
04:10:47,600 --> 04:10:52,900
harshest Winter life and hope 
endure, Turning to aired brand 

4759
04:10:52,900 --> 04:10:55,800
continued gently. 
Add you have proven yourself 

4760
04:10:55,800 --> 04:10:59,500
dedicated to our ways. 
Tonight, you take another step 

4761
04:10:59,500 --> 04:11:02,500
deeper into your path. 
You shall cut the mistletoe 

4762
04:11:02,500 --> 04:11:05,400
safeguarding its power and 
sharing its blessings with our 

4763
04:11:05,400 --> 04:11:08,700
people. 
With deep respect head took the 

4764
04:11:08,700 --> 04:11:12,600
golden sickle from Brown his 
heart beating steadily mindful 

4765
04:11:12,600 --> 04:11:15,500
of his mentors watchful eyes and
the villagers Collective breath.

4766
04:11:16,400 --> 04:11:19,500
Carefully ascended, the sturdy 
ladder leaning against the oak. 

4767
04:11:19,500 --> 04:11:22,100
It's rough bark reassuring 
beneath his hands. 

4768
04:11:23,000 --> 04:11:26,200
Reaching the missile toe. 
He paused offering a silent 

4769
04:11:26,200 --> 04:11:29,500
prayer of gratitude to the tree 
and to Nature's generous spirit.

4770
04:11:30,700 --> 04:11:32,300
Holding the sickle reverently 
Aid. 

4771
04:11:32,300 --> 04:11:36,800
Spoke softly words known only to
Druids invoke the spirits of 

4772
04:11:36,800 --> 04:11:39,000
Earth. 
Sky, and the plant itself. 

4773
04:11:40,000 --> 04:11:41,600
With a deliberate respectful 
motion. 

4774
04:11:41,600 --> 04:11:44,600
He severed the missile toe from 
its host, allowing it to fall 

4775
04:11:44,600 --> 04:11:46,900
gently, into the linen, cloth 
ground held below. 

4776
04:11:47,700 --> 04:11:50,200
The sacred plant could not come 
into contact with the Earth. 

4777
04:11:50,900 --> 04:11:54,300
As it would lose its potency. 
Descending carefully. 

4778
04:11:54,300 --> 04:11:57,300
Heed joined Brown, who gently 
wrap the missile? 

4779
04:11:57,300 --> 04:12:00,000
Toe nodding approvingly. 
Brand. 

4780
04:12:00,000 --> 04:12:02,900
It high turning slowly. 
To all might see the sacred 

4781
04:12:02,900 --> 04:12:05,700
Harvest. 
This gift from nature is now 

4782
04:12:05,700 --> 04:12:07,900
ours, to protect and cherish, he
proclaimed. 

4783
04:12:07,900 --> 04:12:11,700
It will be prepared into 
remedies Wards and blessings to 

4784
04:12:11,700 --> 04:12:13,500
sustain us through the coming 
seasons. 

4785
04:12:14,500 --> 04:12:17,100
The villagers murmured 
reverently their faces lit with 

4786
04:12:17,100 --> 04:12:19,900
quiet, ore and gratitude the 
rituals. 

4787
04:12:19,900 --> 04:12:22,300
Solemnity shifted gradually into
quiet celebration. 

4788
04:12:23,300 --> 04:12:26,200
A communal acknowledgment of the
years, turning a life 

4789
04:12:26,200 --> 04:12:29,100
persistence in darkness and of 
hopes quiet strength. 

4790
04:12:30,100 --> 04:12:33,200
As the villagers began their 
subdued festivities, brand 

4791
04:12:33,200 --> 04:12:35,900
guided aired away from the 
Gathering to a quieter spot at 

4792
04:12:35,900 --> 04:12:38,000
the Grove's Edge. 
You have done well. 

4793
04:12:38,000 --> 04:12:41,000
Grand spoke gently. 
His voice filled with pride. 

4794
04:12:42,000 --> 04:12:45,700
Remembered. 
Are strength lies, not in power 

4795
04:12:45,700 --> 04:12:48,300
over nature, but in partnership 
with it. 

4796
04:12:49,800 --> 04:12:53,100
A head nodded solely. 
Reflecting deeply on the 

4797
04:12:53,100 --> 04:12:56,700
evening, significance. 
I feel this partnership deeply 

4798
04:12:56,700 --> 04:13:00,300
tonight, he admitted softly, 
looking up at the branches of 

4799
04:13:00,300 --> 04:13:04,800
them silhouetted against the 
Stars, Good ran replied warmly. 

4800
04:13:05,700 --> 04:13:09,200
Carry this lesson with you 
always in moments of darkness 

4801
04:13:09,200 --> 04:13:12,900
when doubt make your path 
recall, the missiles silent 

4802
04:13:12,900 --> 04:13:16,300
message. 
That light and life persist even

4803
04:13:16,300 --> 04:13:19,400
unseen. 
They stood quietly together 

4804
04:13:19,400 --> 04:13:22,100
absorbing the car energy 
surrounding them. 

4805
04:13:22,100 --> 04:13:25,500
Drawing strength from each 
other's presence and the Eternal

4806
04:13:25,500 --> 04:13:29,800
rhythms of nature Eventually 
bran placed a reassuring hand on

4807
04:13:29,800 --> 04:13:31,700
aired shoulder. 
Come. 

4808
04:13:31,700 --> 04:13:35,200
He said, gently, let us join the
others and share in the joy of 

4809
04:13:35,200 --> 04:13:38,700
this sacred night. 
Returning to the Gathering Aid. 

4810
04:13:38,700 --> 04:13:42,400
Felt deeply connected to his 
mentor, his community, and the 

4811
04:13:42,400 --> 04:13:44,000
ancient Traditions. 
Guiding them all. 

4812
04:13:44,700 --> 04:13:48,000
The night was filled with quiet 
laughed after stories and shared

4813
04:13:48,000 --> 04:13:50,700
hopes a testament to their unity
and strength. 

4814
04:13:50,700 --> 04:13:53,000
As the fires dimmed and 
Villages. 

4815
04:13:53,000 --> 04:13:56,500
Dispersed carried the memory of 
this night firmly within his 

4816
04:13:56,500 --> 04:13:59,100
heart. 
Understanding more profoundly 

4817
04:13:59,100 --> 04:14:02,400
the responsibility. 
He now bore He had taken another

4818
04:14:02,400 --> 04:14:05,400
important step on his druidic 
journey, strengthened by 

4819
04:14:05,400 --> 04:14:09,400
tradition, Guided by wisdom, and
inspired by the enduring power 

4820
04:14:09,400 --> 04:14:12,100
of Nature's gifts. 
The Village was isolated by 

4821
04:14:12,100 --> 04:14:15,500
dense thickets of Hawthorne and 
Elder when he had arrived, the 

4822
04:14:15,500 --> 04:14:17,500
air had a center of wet Earth 
and wood smoke. 

4823
04:14:17,500 --> 04:14:19,900
He moved. 
Quietly through narrow paths 

4824
04:14:19,900 --> 04:14:22,800
passed lowest Stone Cottages 
where people pause their work to

4825
04:14:22,800 --> 04:14:26,500
watch in pass their expression 
and mix of respect and cautious,

4826
04:14:26,500 --> 04:14:29,100
hope. 
His journey had taken three days

4827
04:14:29,100 --> 04:14:32,900
on foot guided only by the 
whispered directions, given by a

4828
04:14:32,900 --> 04:14:35,300
passing traveler. 
The message had been urgent. 

4829
04:14:35,300 --> 04:14:39,900
A young woman ethna daughter of 
the village Smith Lake Gravely, 

4830
04:14:39,900 --> 04:14:43,400
ill following childbirth. 
Noel within the village could 

4831
04:14:43,400 --> 04:14:45,900
help her. 
And so aired had come swiftly 

4832
04:14:45,900 --> 04:14:49,200
driven by a sense of Duty deeper
than his fatigue. 

4833
04:14:50,100 --> 04:14:53,800
Ethnus home was at The Villages 
Edge near a stream that murmured

4834
04:14:53,800 --> 04:14:57,600
quietly beneath Twisted Alders, 
inside the dim Cottage was 

4835
04:14:57,600 --> 04:15:00,300
crowded with concerned, 
relatives and neighbors, who 

4836
04:15:00,300 --> 04:15:03,600
stepped aside silently. 
As a year-ended, he felt their 

4837
04:15:03,600 --> 04:15:06,000
eyes upon Him. 
Their quiet, desperation 

4838
04:15:06,000 --> 04:15:08,800
tangible. 
He approached the low bed where 

4839
04:15:08,800 --> 04:15:12,300
ethna lay her pale face 
glistening with sweat, breaths 

4840
04:15:12,300 --> 04:15:16,200
shallow and labored beside her 
the newborn slept peacefully 

4841
04:15:16,200 --> 04:15:20,100
unaware of The Quiet. 
Fear around him ahead and 

4842
04:15:20,100 --> 04:15:23,300
touched ethnic forehead, feeling
the fever's Heat against his 

4843
04:15:23,300 --> 04:15:25,800
palm. 
She stirred, slightly murmuring 

4844
04:15:25,800 --> 04:15:29,900
incoherently, Bring water from 
the stream aired instructed. 

4845
04:15:29,900 --> 04:15:33,400
Gently addressing the nearest 
woman and Fresh Linen. 

4846
04:15:34,700 --> 04:15:38,400
As they hurried to obey, he had 
opened his Satchel carefully 

4847
04:15:38,400 --> 04:15:42,800
laying out, bundles of herbs, 
roots and small vials filled 

4848
04:15:42,800 --> 04:15:44,900
with meticulously prepared 
tinctures. 

4849
04:15:44,900 --> 04:15:47,700
The villagers watched their 
curiosity. 

4850
04:15:47,700 --> 04:15:50,700
Mixed with ore, as he crushed 
dried leaves of Willow and 

4851
04:15:50,700 --> 04:15:54,100
meadowsweet into a bronze Bowl. 
Adding hot water to make a 

4852
04:15:54,108 --> 04:15:57,500
bitter aromatic infusion. 
He lifted his head. 

4853
04:15:57,500 --> 04:16:01,500
Gently coaxing her to drink 
slowly, She Winsted but managed 

4854
04:16:01,500 --> 04:16:04,900
a few sips then he bathed her 
forehead and wrists with cool 

4855
04:16:04,900 --> 04:16:06,600
cloth soaked in the fresh 
stream. 

4856
04:16:06,600 --> 04:16:10,600
Water murmuring, ancient healing
chants softly under his breath. 

4857
04:16:10,600 --> 04:16:14,600
Each word resonated with 
intention invoke, the spirits of

4858
04:16:14,600 --> 04:16:17,200
water and Earth to restore 
balance to the woman's weakened 

4859
04:16:17,200 --> 04:16:20,100
body. 
As night deepened aired remained

4860
04:16:20,100 --> 04:16:23,100
by ethnic sideless. 
Applying policies of crushed 

4861
04:16:23,100 --> 04:16:25,500
herbs and Moss. 
He taught the village Midwife 

4862
04:16:25,500 --> 04:16:28,300
how to mix remedies of chamomile
and mint for calming sleep, 

4863
04:16:28,300 --> 04:16:31,700
instructing her carefully. 
So the healing wisdom could stay

4864
04:16:31,700 --> 04:16:35,400
long after he'd gone. 
The villagers moved quietly 

4865
04:16:35,400 --> 04:16:39,200
around him offering food. 
He gently declined his Focus 

4866
04:16:39,200 --> 04:16:43,000
entirely on his patient. 
By Dawn's, breathing had 

4867
04:16:43,000 --> 04:16:45,600
steadied a skinless feverish to 
the touch. 

4868
04:16:46,300 --> 04:16:49,100
She opened her eyes slowly 
looking at I added with a 

4869
04:16:49,108 --> 04:16:51,300
mixture of confusion and 
gratitude. 

4870
04:16:52,100 --> 04:16:56,300
Rest, he whispered softly the 
danger has passed but your body 

4871
04:16:56,300 --> 04:16:59,500
is still weak. 
Relief washed visibly through 

4872
04:16:59,500 --> 04:17:03,000
the cottage quiet smiles and 
whispered prayers of thanks. 

4873
04:17:03,000 --> 04:17:05,000
Spreading among the gathered 
family and Neighbors. 

4874
04:17:05,700 --> 04:17:07,800
Aired stepped outside into the 
cool morning. 

4875
04:17:07,800 --> 04:17:11,900
Air inhaling deeply as the first
Ray of sunlight filtered through

4876
04:17:11,900 --> 04:17:14,600
the trees. 
He felt drained but satisfied, 

4877
04:17:14,600 --> 04:17:17,600
knowing he had done. 
What he could later that day. 

4878
04:17:17,600 --> 04:17:19,900
He sat beside the stream, 
teaching, a group of children, 

4879
04:17:19,900 --> 04:17:22,300
who gather around him, eager and
curious. 

4880
04:17:23,100 --> 04:17:25,000
He showed them plants that grew 
wild nearby. 

4881
04:17:25,000 --> 04:17:27,200
How Nettles could soothe 
inflammation? 

4882
04:17:27,200 --> 04:17:30,600
How elderberrys could fortify 
the body against illness and how

4883
04:17:30,608 --> 04:17:32,900
careful observation was the 
healers greatest tool? 

4884
04:17:34,500 --> 04:17:38,400
as evening approached aired 
prepared, to depart Ethnus 

4885
04:17:38,400 --> 04:17:41,600
father approached him pressing a
small carved token into his 

4886
04:17:41,600 --> 04:17:43,900
hand. 
An intricate pattern symbolizing

4887
04:17:43,900 --> 04:17:47,700
gratitude and protection. 
Your kindness will never be 

4888
04:17:47,700 --> 04:17:49,600
forgotten. 
The Smith said solely. 

4889
04:17:50,300 --> 04:17:51,900
Heard about his head 
respectfully. 

4890
04:17:51,900 --> 04:17:56,200
Knowing this token was not just 
gratitude, but a reminder of the

4891
04:17:56,200 --> 04:17:58,700
Sacred bond between healer and 
Community. 

4892
04:17:58,700 --> 04:18:02,600
He took the carving into his 
Satchel feeling its warmth 

4893
04:18:02,600 --> 04:18:06,100
against his palm walking away 
ahead. 

4894
04:18:06,100 --> 04:18:09,000
Since the profound 
interconnectedness of all, then 

4895
04:18:09,000 --> 04:18:13,400
the things the delicate balance 
of Life, The Quiet Dignity of 

4896
04:18:13,400 --> 04:18:16,600
suffering and the resilience 
inherent in every living being 

4897
04:18:17,500 --> 04:18:20,300
His footsteps were quiet, 
carrying him toward the next 

4898
04:18:20,300 --> 04:18:23,800
place that might need him aware.
That healing was not just The 

4899
04:18:23,800 --> 04:18:26,500
Mending of bodies that the 
weaving together of a lives 

4900
04:18:26,500 --> 04:18:29,700
stories. 
And Futures, the Great Hall at 

4901
04:18:29,700 --> 04:18:32,200
Domino's, was alive with the 
firelight flickering over 

4902
04:18:32,200 --> 04:18:34,900
carved, wooden beams. 
Yes, thick with tension 

4903
04:18:34,900 --> 04:18:38,500
Warrior's and clansmen line, the
walls, their arms, folded, 

4904
04:18:38,500 --> 04:18:41,500
tightly, their expression of 
blend of Pride and weary 

4905
04:18:41,500 --> 04:18:44,800
anticipation. 
Two noble families, stood apart 

4906
04:18:44,800 --> 04:18:47,400
at ends of the room. 
Each led by their respective 

4907
04:18:47,400 --> 04:18:50,100
Chief Dunes, their eyes locked 
in mutual suspicion. 

4908
04:18:51,300 --> 04:18:54,000
Between them stood Aid to his 
white robes glowing softly in 

4909
04:18:54,000 --> 04:18:55,800
the dim light he had been 
summoned. 

4910
04:18:55,800 --> 04:18:58,600
Urgently a few that had simmered
for Generations. 

4911
04:18:58,600 --> 04:19:01,500
Now threatened open conflict 
spilling into violence and 

4912
04:19:01,500 --> 04:19:04,200
bloodshed. 
He arrived quietly traveling 

4913
04:19:04,200 --> 04:19:07,300
alone with no Entourage or 
guards, the weight of 

4914
04:19:07,300 --> 04:19:09,300
responsibility pressed heavily 
upon him yet. 

4915
04:19:09,300 --> 04:19:13,100
He stood calm Silent pillow. 
Amid the stormy emotions. 

4916
04:19:14,100 --> 04:19:17,900
Speak Ed began quietly, his 
voice steady yet resonant. 

4917
04:19:17,900 --> 04:19:20,300
The hall, fell into immediate 
silence. 

4918
04:19:20,300 --> 04:19:22,800
Let your grievances be heard 
clearly. 

4919
04:19:23,800 --> 04:19:26,800
The first Chieftain, a large 
formidable man named Connell 

4920
04:19:26,800 --> 04:19:28,800
stepped forward. 
His voice. 

4921
04:19:28,800 --> 04:19:30,100
Trembling with barely 
suppressed. 

4922
04:19:30,100 --> 04:19:32,600
Anger. 
Your accounted a tale of stolen 

4923
04:19:32,600 --> 04:19:35,300
livestock violated boundaries 
and broken promises. 

4924
04:19:35,300 --> 04:19:37,400
Dating back to his father's 
father's time. 

4925
04:19:38,200 --> 04:19:41,400
His words painted the Rival 
families as aggressors greedy 

4926
04:19:41,400 --> 04:19:44,700
and untrustworthy. 
Next spoke fintan slender but 

4927
04:19:44,700 --> 04:19:46,400
fears. 
Eyes blazing with pride. 

4928
04:19:46,400 --> 04:19:50,000
His story was just as 
impassioned, weaving and 

4929
04:19:50,000 --> 04:19:53,300
Narrative of betrayal and just 
accusation and honor. 

4930
04:19:53,300 --> 04:19:57,000
Each side presented their case, 
passionately drawing, murmurs 

4931
04:19:57,000 --> 04:19:58,700
and nods of agreement. 
From their supporters 

4932
04:19:58,700 --> 04:20:01,000
throughout. 
Aired listened without 

4933
04:20:01,000 --> 04:20:04,100
interruption his face, betraying
neither judgment or favoritism. 

4934
04:20:04,100 --> 04:20:07,600
He allowed the torrent of anger 
and accusation to flow freely 

4935
04:20:07,600 --> 04:20:10,600
knowing that only by emptying 
their bitterness fully could 

4936
04:20:10,600 --> 04:20:12,900
peace. 
Begin to grow when both sides 

4937
04:20:12,900 --> 04:20:14,300
had finished. 
Silence. 

4938
04:20:14,300 --> 04:20:18,500
Once again, settled over the 
room, heavy and expectant, I had

4939
04:20:18,508 --> 04:20:21,700
stepped forward his eyes Meeting
those of each chieftain in turn 

4940
04:20:21,700 --> 04:20:26,000
holding their gazes firmly yet. 
Gently, You speak of stolen 

4941
04:20:26,000 --> 04:20:28,400
cattle, broken Oaths, and 
injured Pride. 

4942
04:20:28,400 --> 04:20:30,900
He began softly. 
But at the heart of your words, 

4943
04:20:30,900 --> 04:20:34,300
lies pain and misunderstanding 
land is shared not owned. 

4944
04:20:34,300 --> 04:20:37,700
You can return cattle but you 
must rebuild trust once you've 

4945
04:20:37,700 --> 04:20:41,100
broken it. 
He spoke slowly carefully, 

4946
04:20:41,100 --> 04:20:44,200
invoking stories and Parables 
from ancient wisdom. 

4947
04:20:44,200 --> 04:20:48,300
Tales familiar yet poignant. 
He spoke of Legendary Heroes, 

4948
04:20:48,300 --> 04:20:51,600
who overcame pride and revenge 
and of wise ancestors who 

4949
04:20:51,600 --> 04:20:53,600
understood the power of 
forgiveness and Reconciliation. 

4950
04:20:55,000 --> 04:20:57,800
As his words filled the hall, 
IDE moved among the assembled 

4951
04:20:57,800 --> 04:21:01,500
Warrior's touching shoulders 
looking into eyes and Bridging 

4952
04:21:01,500 --> 04:21:03,700
the physical distance between 
the divided clams. 

4953
04:21:03,700 --> 04:21:06,900
He reminded them that unity and 
peace, were not signs of 

4954
04:21:06,900 --> 04:21:10,100
weakness, but the highest form 
of strength, Finally, he 

4955
04:21:10,100 --> 04:21:12,500
returned to the center of the 
hall, addressing both Chiefs and

4956
04:21:12,508 --> 04:21:15,600
directly. 
Let there be no talk of blame or

4957
04:21:15,600 --> 04:21:18,600
Vengeance. 
He said fuel instead. 

4958
04:21:18,600 --> 04:21:23,400
Let each family give a gift. 
One cow from each herd Exchange 

4959
04:21:23,400 --> 04:21:26,400
in Friendship. 
Let your sons and daughters meet

4960
04:21:26,400 --> 04:21:28,800
openly at the next Festival. 
Not as Rivals. 

4961
04:21:28,800 --> 04:21:31,100
But as king Bound by renewed 
piece. 

4962
04:21:32,000 --> 04:21:36,000
Connell and fintan exchange, 
long uncertain glances slowly. 

4963
04:21:36,000 --> 04:21:39,000
The tension began to add Connell
stepped forward. 

4964
04:21:39,000 --> 04:21:43,100
First extending his hand. 
Solemnly toward his rival Made 

4965
04:21:43,100 --> 04:21:44,800
peace. 
Restore what anger took? 

4966
04:21:44,800 --> 04:21:49,000
He said gruffly fintan. 
Hesitated and clasped. 

4967
04:21:49,000 --> 04:21:52,200
The offered hand May our 
children walk together where we 

4968
04:21:52,200 --> 04:21:54,300
once stood apart, he responded 
firmly. 

4969
04:21:55,000 --> 04:21:58,900
Cheers erupted hesitant at first
then louder and more confident 

4970
04:21:58,900 --> 04:22:02,500
the Warriors relaxed, their 
postures easing, smiles and 

4971
04:22:02,508 --> 04:22:05,100
laughter breaking through the 
previously tense atmosphere. 

4972
04:22:05,100 --> 04:22:09,400
I had stepped back quietly 
content that his counselor had 

4973
04:22:09,400 --> 04:22:12,700
steered, the clowns away from 
violence later that evening as 

4974
04:22:12,700 --> 04:22:15,600
the clown, celebrated, their new
found accorded, sat quietly 

4975
04:22:15,600 --> 04:22:18,100
beside the half. 
Sipping, warm Mead and 

4976
04:22:18,100 --> 04:22:19,600
reflecting on the evening of 
events. 

4977
04:22:20,300 --> 04:22:23,200
He knew that true peace required
vigilance and continued guidance

4978
04:22:23,200 --> 04:22:26,000
yet. 
For now, the cycle of anger and 

4979
04:22:26,000 --> 04:22:29,100
retaliation had been broken 
replaced by tentative 

4980
04:22:29,100 --> 04:22:32,300
friendship, and renewed, hope 
the Chiefs, turned him again. 

4981
04:22:32,308 --> 04:22:36,600
Offering gratitude ahead, smiled
warmly, reminding them gently. 

4982
04:22:37,400 --> 04:22:40,600
Piece is not achieved in a 
single evening, nurture this 

4983
04:22:40,600 --> 04:22:43,900
agreement water, it with trust 
and patience and it will bear 

4984
04:22:43,900 --> 04:22:48,500
fruit for Generations. 
Under the glow of the firelight 

4985
04:22:48,500 --> 04:22:51,900
his words, resonated deeply 
reinforcing the bonds freshly 

4986
04:22:51,900 --> 04:22:54,900
made. 
As he left the hall, walking 

4987
04:22:54,900 --> 04:22:58,400
into the moonlit night Aid, felt
the quiet satisfaction of a 

4988
04:22:58,400 --> 04:22:59,400
purpose. 
Fulfilled. 

4989
04:22:59,400 --> 04:23:02,500
He knew his role was far from 
over yet. 

4990
04:23:02,500 --> 04:23:05,400
Tonight, his voice of council 
had brought Harmony to Discord 

4991
04:23:05,400 --> 04:23:09,000
turning bitter enemies into 
cautious, friends, the sacred 

4992
04:23:09,000 --> 04:23:12,500
Oaks stood majestically, its 
gnarled branches spreading wide,

4993
04:23:12,500 --> 04:23:15,100
casting dappled Shadows upon the
moss-covered clearing. 

4994
04:23:15,800 --> 04:23:19,500
This Oak was not just ancient, 
it was revered, a Living 

4995
04:23:19,500 --> 04:23:21,800
testament to generation of 
druidic wisdom. 

4996
04:23:22,900 --> 04:23:25,900
He had stood beneath its massive
limbs his white robe, 

4997
04:23:25,900 --> 04:23:28,700
illuminated by shafts of 
sunlight filtering through the 

4998
04:23:28,700 --> 04:23:31,000
leaves. 
Gathered around him were 

4999
04:23:31,000 --> 04:23:34,300
villagers and warriors each face
etched with anxiety and 

5000
04:23:34,300 --> 04:23:37,200
curiosity. 
Today the Oak Grove served as a 

5001
04:23:37,208 --> 04:23:40,100
court where Justice would be 
decided not by sword or might 

5002
04:23:40,100 --> 04:23:42,800
but by careful consideration and
wisdom. 

5003
04:23:43,700 --> 04:23:46,400
Aid had been summoned to judge a
matter of grave importance. 

5004
04:23:46,400 --> 04:23:49,700
A young Warrior Castle was 
accused of stealing cattle. 

5005
04:23:49,700 --> 04:23:52,300
A crime. 
Severe enough to ignite Clan 

5006
04:23:52,300 --> 04:23:55,000
Warfare. 
Castle stood defiantly at The 

5007
04:23:55,008 --> 04:23:59,300
Groves Edge, arms crossed, his 
expression, stubborn tinged with

5008
04:23:59,300 --> 04:24:02,000
fear, Opposite him. 
Stood Fergus. 

5009
04:24:02,000 --> 04:24:05,600
An older Warrior renowned for 
bravery and honor whose cattle 

5010
04:24:05,600 --> 04:24:08,200
had been taken. 
Ferguson's eyes were dark with 

5011
04:24:08,200 --> 04:24:12,200
anger, his fists clenched at his
sides aired raised. 

5012
04:24:12,200 --> 04:24:15,600
His hand signaling silence. 
He began with a clear steady 

5013
04:24:15,600 --> 04:24:21,100
voice speak plainly that truth. 
Might emerge from the shadow of 

5014
04:24:21,100 --> 04:24:25,100
accusation Fergus stepped 
forward, recounting the theft 

5015
04:24:25,100 --> 04:24:28,100
with passionate conviction, 
describing the prized cattle, 

5016
04:24:28,100 --> 04:24:30,200
and the devastating loss of his 
family. 

5017
04:24:31,000 --> 04:24:34,500
His words, resonated deeply 
among the crowd drawing, murmurs

5018
04:24:34,500 --> 04:24:37,600
of sympathy Catholic, however 
maintained his innocence 

5019
04:24:37,600 --> 04:24:40,900
fiercely insisting. 
He was wrongly, accused his 

5020
04:24:40,900 --> 04:24:44,100
voice shaking with frustration, 
his friends stood behind him 

5021
04:24:44,100 --> 04:24:46,500
murmuring. 
Support eyes darting nervously 

5022
04:24:46,500 --> 04:24:49,500
between him and aired. 
Listening carefully ahead 

5023
04:24:49,500 --> 04:24:53,100
detected, discrepancies, not 
deliberate falsehoods, but 

5024
04:24:53,100 --> 04:24:55,600
misunderstanding of anger and 
haste. 

5025
04:24:55,600 --> 04:24:58,900
He called forth Witnesses, from 
both sides, questioning them 

5026
04:24:58,900 --> 04:25:02,200
patiently, coaxing, fourth 
details with gentle, but firm 

5027
04:25:02,200 --> 04:25:06,700
probing, you watch their faces 
noting subtle shifts in posture,

5028
04:25:06,700 --> 04:25:10,500
tone and expression. 
Finally, aired step toward the 

5029
04:25:10,500 --> 04:25:13,000
oak laying his hand upon its 
rough bark. 

5030
04:25:13,800 --> 04:25:16,400
Truth. 
He declared quietly is not a 

5031
04:25:16,400 --> 04:25:20,500
sword to cut through lies, but a
root that grows slowly hidden 

5032
04:25:20,500 --> 04:25:22,600
from sight until it reveals 
itself. 

5033
04:25:23,400 --> 04:25:25,600
He turned to Castle asking 
Softly. 

5034
04:25:26,300 --> 04:25:29,600
Have you ever seen these cattle?
Cattle. 

5035
04:25:29,600 --> 04:25:32,400
Hesitated then shook his head 
earnestly. 

5036
04:25:32,400 --> 04:25:38,800
No I swear upon my ancestors. 
I had turned back to Fergus. 

5037
04:25:39,400 --> 04:25:42,400
Could another perhaps seek to 
benefit from your loss? 

5038
04:25:42,400 --> 04:25:45,800
Is there someone who's absence 
you overlooked while feeling 

5039
04:25:45,800 --> 04:25:49,200
angry? 
Fergus, Paul's uncertainty 

5040
04:25:49,200 --> 04:25:51,000
flickering across his Stern 
face. 

5041
04:25:51,000 --> 04:25:54,800
He looked back at his men doubt 
beginning to creep into his 

5042
04:25:54,800 --> 04:25:57,800
expression. 
Perhaps he admitted reluctantly,

5043
04:25:57,800 --> 04:26:01,200
he had nodded. 
Search your own house. 

5044
04:26:01,200 --> 04:26:03,200
First. 
He advised calmly. 

5045
04:26:04,100 --> 04:26:07,000
The truth often lies closest to 
where trust is strongest. 

5046
04:26:08,000 --> 04:26:11,000
Reluctantly Fergus. 
Agreed ordering his Warriors to 

5047
04:26:11,000 --> 04:26:15,000
search carefully and fairly. 
Hours passed as tension, lingard

5048
04:26:15,000 --> 04:26:18,300
villagers Whispering anxiously 
while waiting Beneath The Oaks 

5049
04:26:18,300 --> 04:26:21,800
watchful presents. 
Finally a group returned 

5050
04:26:21,800 --> 04:26:26,100
bringing with them, a youth 
named Ronan Ferguson, guilt and 

5051
04:26:26,108 --> 04:26:28,100
shame etched deeply into his 
face. 

5052
04:26:28,900 --> 04:26:31,300
Ronan confessed. 
Explaining, his actions were 

5053
04:26:31,300 --> 04:26:35,000
born of envy and Foolish Pride. 
Fergus stared in shock and 

5054
04:26:35,000 --> 04:26:36,900
sorrow. 
His anger melting into 

5055
04:26:36,900 --> 04:26:40,500
disappointment. 
The crowd murmured softly eyes 

5056
04:26:40,500 --> 04:26:42,900
moving between the cousin and 
aired awaiting judgment. 

5057
04:26:42,900 --> 04:26:46,700
I had approached Ronan his gaze 
firm but compassionate, 

5058
04:26:46,700 --> 04:26:51,000
restitution must be made, but 
forgiveness can heal wounds 

5059
04:26:51,000 --> 04:26:55,400
deeper than punishment. 
He turned toward Fergus except a

5060
04:26:55,400 --> 04:26:58,100
fair Penance, then let anger 
Espeon this Oak replace by 

5061
04:26:58,100 --> 04:27:01,500
wisdom and mercy. 
Fergus nodded his shoulders 

5062
04:27:01,500 --> 04:27:05,100
relaxing, he embraced, Ronan 
acknowledging family, bonds 

5063
04:27:05,100 --> 04:27:09,300
Stronger Than Pride Castle. 
Exonerated sighed deeply 

5064
04:27:09,300 --> 04:27:13,900
gratitude, feeling his eyes as 
he bowed to Airhead as Villages 

5065
04:27:13,900 --> 04:27:17,000
dispersed peacefully, Justice 
had been served, not through 

5066
04:27:17,000 --> 04:27:21,200
Vengeance but through 
understanding and restoration I 

5067
04:27:21,200 --> 04:27:22,700
had remained briefly beneath the
oak. 

5068
04:27:22,700 --> 04:27:25,600
Its silence strength reinforcing
his resolve. 

5069
04:27:26,200 --> 04:27:28,800
Justice. 
He was more than judgment, it 

5070
04:27:28,800 --> 04:27:33,100
was balanced patience and mercy 
woven tightly together, beneath 

5071
04:27:33,100 --> 04:27:36,400
the shade of wisdoms. 
Ancient branches ahead stood at 

5072
04:27:36,400 --> 04:27:39,100
the top of a solitary Hill, 
beneath the vast expanse of 

5073
04:27:39,108 --> 04:27:43,600
night, where the heaven 
stretched endlessly above It was

5074
04:27:43,608 --> 04:27:47,600
a sacred Place marked by a 
circle of ancient Stones, whose 

5075
04:27:47,600 --> 04:27:49,000
purpose Only The Druids 
remembered. 

5076
04:27:49,700 --> 04:27:51,800
He wrapped his cloak tighter 
against the biting wind. 

5077
04:27:51,800 --> 04:27:54,400
I is lifted toward the 
constellations. 

5078
04:27:55,500 --> 04:27:59,100
Star each subtle shift in the 
heavens whispered Secrets known 

5079
04:27:59,100 --> 04:28:01,800
only to those who watched with 
patients and reverence. 

5080
04:28:02,900 --> 04:28:06,500
Tonight was the Winter Solstice.
The longest night when darkness 

5081
04:28:06,500 --> 04:28:10,900
held Sway and the boundary 
between worlds, grew thin Stars,

5082
04:28:10,900 --> 04:28:14,600
gleamed brightly clear and sharp
in the Frigidaire around him 

5083
04:28:14,600 --> 04:28:17,200
villagers gathered quietly. 
Their breath visible, in the 

5084
04:28:17,200 --> 04:28:19,200
cold, awaiting guidance, for the
year ahead. 

5085
04:28:20,000 --> 04:28:23,100
Ahead, raise his staff carved 
with symbols representing the 

5086
04:28:23,100 --> 04:28:27,000
cycles of the Moon and the Sun 
and began to speak softly, his 

5087
04:28:27,000 --> 04:28:28,600
voice. 
Carried through the silence 

5088
04:28:28,600 --> 04:28:31,500
gentle yet filled with quiet 
Authority. 

5089
04:28:31,500 --> 04:28:36,900
Tonight, darkness is strongest. 
But even now the wheel, turns, 

5090
04:28:36,900 --> 04:28:41,300
the sun returns rebirth follows 
Darkness as spring follows 

5091
04:28:41,300 --> 04:28:45,300
winter, watch closely and you'll
see your lives mirrored in the 

5092
04:28:45,300 --> 04:28:49,600
stars of The villagers watched 
him, intently their eyes filled 

5093
04:28:49,600 --> 04:28:53,100
with wonder and Trust. 
It depended on his insights for 

5094
04:28:53,100 --> 04:28:55,500
planting harvesting travel and 
celebrations. 

5095
04:28:55,500 --> 04:28:58,600
He was not merely a sage but a 
vital guide for their daily 

5096
04:28:58,600 --> 04:29:01,700
lives Pointing skywards. 
Aired traced. 

5097
04:29:01,700 --> 04:29:04,600
The outline of familiar patterns
the plow the Hunter and the 

5098
04:29:04,608 --> 04:29:06,800
serpent. 
He spoke of how the hunters 

5099
04:29:06,800 --> 04:29:09,500
path, foretold the coming cold 
and how the plows position 

5100
04:29:09,500 --> 04:29:13,300
indicated the right time for 
planting He explained patiently 

5101
04:29:13,300 --> 04:29:16,500
how the movement of the planets 
subtle but unnerving, guided 

5102
04:29:16,500 --> 04:29:19,300
decisions on marriages battles 
and Journeys. 

5103
04:29:20,200 --> 04:29:23,400
As he spoke aired words with 
images in the minds of listeners

5104
04:29:23,400 --> 04:29:26,800
linking, their Earthly lives, to
the vast Cosmic order. 

5105
04:29:26,800 --> 04:29:29,900
He gently reminded them that 
they were bound to the Earth, 

5106
04:29:29,900 --> 04:29:33,500
but also Children of the Stars, 
each life reflecting the broader

5107
04:29:33,500 --> 04:29:37,400
rhythm of existence. 
He then turned the younger 

5108
04:29:37,400 --> 04:29:41,000
villagers explaining patiently. 
Each of you has a star that 

5109
04:29:41,000 --> 04:29:45,000
watches your path, guiding you 
toward your destiny, learn to 

5110
04:29:45,000 --> 04:29:48,000
find your star to read its 
subtle language. 

5111
04:29:49,400 --> 04:29:52,900
A young girl race her hand 
timidly her eyes wide with 

5112
04:29:52,900 --> 04:29:55,800
curiosity. 
How do we find our star? 

5113
04:29:55,800 --> 04:29:59,400
Druid ahead smiled warmly your 
staff finds. 

5114
04:29:59,400 --> 04:30:04,200
You first in moments of quiet 
and clear skies, you will feel 

5115
04:30:04,200 --> 04:30:07,208
its gaze. 
Listen closely and it will 

5116
04:30:07,216 --> 04:30:10,400
whisper your purpose. 
Throughout the night. 

5117
04:30:10,400 --> 04:30:13,700
He taught them patiently 
describing how to read omen's 

5118
04:30:13,700 --> 04:30:16,600
from the flights of birds, the 
patterns of clouds, and the 

5119
04:30:16,600 --> 04:30:19,900
positions of the Stars. 
His voice remained calm and 

5120
04:30:19,900 --> 04:30:22,500
reassuring. 
Weaving understanding among the 

5121
04:30:22,500 --> 04:30:26,000
gathered villages. 
Has Dawn began to pay the 

5122
04:30:26,000 --> 04:30:28,200
Eastern Horizon. 
I had lowered his staff 

5123
04:30:28,200 --> 04:30:30,800
concluding, the knights 
teachings, the villagers 

5124
04:30:30,800 --> 04:30:34,400
dispersed quietly Hearts 
uplifted their Spirits boyed by 

5125
04:30:34,400 --> 04:30:38,600
Newfound Clarity aired, remained
behind gazing thoughtfully 

5126
04:30:38,600 --> 04:30:42,200
upward as the Stars began to 
fade. he felt the quiet 

5127
04:30:42,200 --> 04:30:45,400
satisfaction of a task, 
fulfilled of knowledge, shared 

5128
04:30:46,100 --> 04:30:49,400
In this Sacred Space between 
Earth and Sky, are reaffirmed, 

5129
04:30:49,400 --> 04:30:52,400
his role, not only, as a watcher
of celestial movements, but as a

5130
04:30:52,400 --> 04:30:55,000
keeper of balance and sharing 
that, his people lived on 

5131
04:30:55,000 --> 04:30:56,900
harmoniously with the rhythms of
the natural world. 

5132
04:30:58,000 --> 04:31:01,100
As the first light to touch the 
ancient Stones, he felt a deep 

5133
04:31:01,108 --> 04:31:04,400
connection knowing the guiding 
others to watch the skies. 

5134
04:31:04,400 --> 04:31:07,200
He helped them navigate the 
complexities of their lives 

5135
04:31:07,200 --> 04:31:10,400
below. 
The sky was Heavy with fog and 

5136
04:31:10,400 --> 04:31:13,100
the center of burning wood. 
Filled the air as aired stood 

5137
04:31:13,100 --> 04:31:15,300
Atop The Hill, overlooking his 
village as usual. 

5138
04:31:16,200 --> 04:31:19,300
The Romans had come their 
Legions marching inexorably 

5139
04:31:19,300 --> 04:31:22,100
through lands that had remained 
untouched for Generations. 

5140
04:31:23,100 --> 04:31:26,100
As Villages come to Conquest 
fires dotted, The Horizon 

5141
04:31:26,100 --> 04:31:30,400
signaling Devastation and Flames
consumed forests and sacred 

5142
04:31:30,400 --> 04:31:33,500
Grove's. 
Now, older with silver threads 

5143
04:31:33,500 --> 04:31:36,900
in his hair, watched quietly, a 
deep sorrow etched into his 

5144
04:31:36,900 --> 04:31:39,000
features. 
His life's work had been 

5145
04:31:39,008 --> 04:31:42,100
dedicated to nurturing balance 
to preserving the sacred 

5146
04:31:42,100 --> 04:31:44,200
knowledge passed down through. 
Countless Generations. 

5147
04:31:44,200 --> 04:31:47,900
Now that Legacy seemed 
threatened by the Relentless 

5148
04:31:47,900 --> 04:31:51,000
advance of Roman power. 
He gathered the remaining 

5149
04:31:51,000 --> 04:31:54,300
villagers who had fled to the 
hill for Refuge fear, filled 

5150
04:31:54,300 --> 04:31:58,200
their eyes, despair evident in 
their tents postures ads 

5151
04:31:58,200 --> 04:32:00,100
presence. 
However, remained steady and 

5152
04:32:00,100 --> 04:32:03,000
reassuring, providing a beacon 
of calm, a mid chaos. 

5153
04:32:03,600 --> 04:32:07,500
Gather around, he spoke his 
voice firm but gentle cutting 

5154
04:32:07,500 --> 04:32:10,500
through their anxiety. 
We can't control the fires 

5155
04:32:10,500 --> 04:32:13,900
around us, but we can protect 
the flame within our knowledge, 

5156
04:32:13,900 --> 04:32:18,100
traditions and spirit. 
He knelt scooping Earth into his

5157
04:32:18,100 --> 04:32:21,400
hands feeling its familiar 
warmth and resilience the 

5158
04:32:21,400 --> 04:32:23,200
villagers. 
Watched him their breathing 

5159
04:32:23,200 --> 04:32:25,800
slowing their Panic easing under
his calm Authority. 

5160
04:32:26,900 --> 04:32:28,500
This land seemed countless 
Seasons. 

5161
04:32:28,500 --> 04:32:33,600
He had continued Softly. 
Survived Wars where the storms 

5162
04:32:33,600 --> 04:32:35,200
and will endure. 
Even this. 

5163
04:32:36,100 --> 04:32:39,100
Our true strength lies, not in 
walls, or weapons, but in memory

5164
04:32:39,100 --> 04:32:41,800
and tradition. 
We carry the sacred flame within

5165
04:32:41,800 --> 04:32:43,500
us passed down through 
generations. 

5166
04:32:43,500 --> 04:32:47,900
No enemy can extinguish it. 
He stood facing each villager in

5167
04:32:47,900 --> 04:32:49,900
turn his eyes filled with quiet 
determination. 

5168
04:32:51,100 --> 04:32:54,300
Our task now is to protect this 
flame and ensure it can continue

5169
04:32:54,300 --> 04:32:57,000
to burn brightly within our 
children and their children 

5170
04:32:57,000 --> 04:33:00,400
after them. 
As he spoke a directed, The 

5171
04:33:00,400 --> 04:33:03,900
Villages to begin preparations, 
organizing them into groups to 

5172
04:33:03,900 --> 04:33:07,700
gather what Provisions remained,
10 to the wounded and find safe 

5173
04:33:07,700 --> 04:33:10,300
passage toward hidden Glen's 
deeper within the forests. 

5174
04:33:11,300 --> 04:33:12,800
Commit these urgent 
preparations. 

5175
04:33:12,800 --> 04:33:15,300
He moved quietly. 
Providing guidance and support, 

5176
04:33:15,300 --> 04:33:20,200
ensuring morale remains steady 
As night fell, I aired lit. 

5177
04:33:20,200 --> 04:33:22,599
A single fire at the hill its 
Flames. 

5178
04:33:22,599 --> 04:33:25,900
Casting flickering Shadows, he 
invited the villagers to sit 

5179
04:33:25,900 --> 04:33:28,000
around it. 
Sharing stories of Bravery, 

5180
04:33:28,000 --> 04:33:30,800
resilience and wisdom passed 
down through generations. 

5181
04:33:31,500 --> 04:33:34,900
Each story carried a lesson, a 
subtle reinforcement of the 

5182
04:33:34,900 --> 04:33:37,000
strength inherent within their 
traditions. 

5183
04:33:37,700 --> 04:33:40,200
In the quiet that followed aired
addressed the group again. 

5184
04:33:40,200 --> 04:33:44,000
Morrow we must move deeper into 
the forest to places hidden from

5185
04:33:44,000 --> 04:33:46,300
romanized. 
There we will preserve what 

5186
04:33:46,300 --> 04:33:50,700
matters most not our homes, but 
our heritage remember that even 

5187
04:33:50,700 --> 04:33:54,500
in darkness, Flames endure 
within our hearts, our memories 

5188
04:33:54,500 --> 04:33:59,400
and our stories, the villagers 
nodded solemnly strengthened by 

5189
04:33:59,400 --> 04:34:01,700
his words. 
Their despair replaced by 

5190
04:34:01,700 --> 04:34:04,900
determination. 
Ahead remained awake long after 

5191
04:34:04,900 --> 04:34:08,800
their settled staring into the 
fire reflecting on the cycle of 

5192
04:34:08,800 --> 04:34:12,700
time. despite the rise and fall 
of Empires and the arrival and 

5193
04:34:12,700 --> 04:34:15,500
departure of conquerors, the 
spirit of his people remained 

5194
04:34:15,500 --> 04:34:19,500
unwavering Adorn. 
He moved quietly into the deeper

5195
04:34:19,500 --> 04:34:22,400
Woods leaving behind only the 
smoldering remnants of their 

5196
04:34:22,400 --> 04:34:25,900
former lives ahead. 
Walked at the head, guiding them

5197
04:34:25,900 --> 04:34:29,300
confidently, towards safety. 
Knowing that his true purpose 

5198
04:34:29,300 --> 04:34:32,500
remained clear It was not to 
resist violently but to 

5199
04:34:32,500 --> 04:34:33,900
safeguard the soul of his 
people. 

5200
04:34:34,700 --> 04:34:38,500
Days turned to weeks and slowly 
the immediate threat faded as 

5201
04:34:38,500 --> 04:34:40,800
they established, a hidden 
settlement deep within the 

5202
04:34:40,800 --> 04:34:44,400
forest. 
I had continued teaching guiding

5203
04:34:44,400 --> 04:34:47,000
the younger villagers and 
druidic law, rituals and 

5204
04:34:47,000 --> 04:34:50,400
knowledge of the natural world. 
Each evening around the fire. 

5205
04:34:50,400 --> 04:34:53,000
He shared stories and showing 
that the flame of their Heritage

5206
04:34:53,000 --> 04:34:56,599
continued to burn brightly. 
Years later as he lay on his 

5207
04:34:56,599 --> 04:35:00,599
deathbed piece. 
Surrounded by villagers whose 

5208
04:35:00,599 --> 04:35:02,099
lives, he had touched 
profoundly. 

5209
04:35:02,099 --> 04:35:06,000
He whispered, one final message.
Remember the Flames? 

5210
04:35:06,000 --> 04:35:08,800
We guard are Eternal carried, 
forward, through memory and 

5211
04:35:08,800 --> 04:35:12,800
love. 
His Spirit passed gently leaving

5212
04:35:12,800 --> 04:35:16,300
behind a legacy that no 
conqueror, could extinguish the 

5213
04:35:16,300 --> 04:35:19,800
villages on the Stars. 
Sharing stories repeating 

5214
04:35:19,800 --> 04:35:23,599
Lessons Learned and vowing to 
carry forward his teachings and 

5215
04:35:23,599 --> 04:35:26,800
in their hearts, the flame aired
had protected continued to burn 

5216
04:35:26,800 --> 04:35:28,300
brightly. 
You know how you sometimes? 

5217
04:35:28,300 --> 04:35:30,599
Catch yourself, embellishing a 
story, just a little bit. 

5218
04:35:31,400 --> 04:35:34,099
Perhaps you incorporate a subtle
detail to enhance its appeal 

5219
04:35:34,099 --> 04:35:36,700
during dinner parties. 
Well, imagine if your entire 

5220
04:35:36,700 --> 04:35:38,800
professional was on doing 
exactly that. 

5221
04:35:38,800 --> 04:35:42,200
Except, instead of impressing 
your neighbor's, you were 

5222
04:35:42,200 --> 04:35:44,900
fooling entire kingdoms and 
occasionally starting Wars by 

5223
04:35:44,900 --> 04:35:48,099
accident. 
Welcome to the wonderfully weird

5224
04:35:48,099 --> 04:35:50,400
world of medieval and 
Renaissance map. 

5225
04:35:50,400 --> 04:35:52,800
Making where lying wasn't just 
acceptable. 

5226
04:35:52,800 --> 04:35:54,800
It was practically a job 
requirement. 

5227
04:35:55,700 --> 04:35:58,300
Picture yourself settling into a
comfortable chair by the 

5228
04:35:58,300 --> 04:36:02,200
fireplace, maybe with a cup of 
something warm while we explore 

5229
04:36:02,200 --> 04:36:04,599
one of history's, most Charming,
professional scams. 

5230
04:36:05,200 --> 04:36:09,800
Upon reflection that's precisely
the truth of the situation for 

5231
04:36:09,800 --> 04:36:11,599
centuries. 
The most respected cartographers

5232
04:36:11,599 --> 04:36:14,400
in Europe were essentially 
running elaborate cons and 

5233
04:36:14,400 --> 04:36:17,800
everyone just went along with it
because frankly nobody knew any 

5234
04:36:17,800 --> 04:36:20,700
better. 
You see back in the day and 

5235
04:36:20,700 --> 04:36:22,400
we're talking roughly from the 
12th century. 

5236
04:36:22,400 --> 04:36:26,000
All the way up to the 1600s 
making Maps was less about 

5237
04:36:26,000 --> 04:36:29,800
accuracy and more about filling 
up all that space on parchment. 

5238
04:36:30,599 --> 04:36:35,599
Imagine you're a mapmaker in say
1347 you have a beautiful piece 

5239
04:36:35,599 --> 04:36:38,500
of Vellum laid out on your desk 
and you possess a clear 

5240
04:36:38,500 --> 04:36:40,700
understanding of the 
mediterranean's appearance. 

5241
04:36:41,500 --> 04:36:45,000
Sailors have navigated its 
waters for centuries you can 

5242
04:36:45,000 --> 04:36:48,800
draw Italy with your eyes closed
and the coastline of Spain holds

5243
04:36:48,800 --> 04:36:53,099
no Mysteries but then you get to
the edges, the vast unknown 

5244
04:36:53,099 --> 04:36:55,500
weights. 
You And here's where things get 

5245
04:36:55,500 --> 04:36:58,200
intriguing because you can't 
just leave blank spaces. 

5246
04:36:58,200 --> 04:37:01,099
That would be admitting 
ignorance, medieval 

5247
04:37:01,099 --> 04:37:03,400
professionals had about as much 
tolerance for admitting. 

5248
04:37:03,400 --> 04:37:05,700
They didn't know something as 
your average teenager today. 

5249
04:37:07,000 --> 04:37:10,000
So what do you do? 
You make stuff up and not just 

5250
04:37:10,000 --> 04:37:11,900
little stuff. 
We're talking about entire 

5251
04:37:11,900 --> 04:37:15,000
continents mythical islands and 
creatures that would make 

5252
04:37:15,000 --> 04:37:18,800
Hollywood monster designers, 
weep With Envy The best part. 

5253
04:37:19,300 --> 04:37:20,900
Everyone expected you to do 
this. 

5254
04:37:20,900 --> 04:37:24,099
It wasn't considered fraud. 
It was considered, filling in 

5255
04:37:24,108 --> 04:37:26,099
the gaps with your best educated
guess. 

5256
04:37:26,099 --> 04:37:29,099
Even if your education came 
entirely from Tavern stories and

5257
04:37:29,108 --> 04:37:33,500
fever dreams, take the Hereford 
mappa Mundi created around 1300.

5258
04:37:33,500 --> 04:37:37,700
This thing is gorgeous, a work 
of art that happens to also be a

5259
04:37:37,707 --> 04:37:40,099
map. 
But if you try to use it for 

5260
04:37:40,099 --> 04:37:43,000
navigation, you'd probably end 
up somewhere in the Atlantic 

5261
04:37:43,000 --> 04:37:45,900
having a chili very wet 
conversation with some very 

5262
04:37:45,900 --> 04:37:49,300
confused fish. 
The mapmaker included everything

5263
04:37:49,300 --> 04:37:52,599
from the Garden of Eden, 
helpfully located in Asia to 

5264
04:37:52,599 --> 04:37:54,700
various monsters scattered 
around Africa. 

5265
04:37:54,700 --> 04:37:58,099
Because apparently mediaeval 
cartographers believed that the 

5266
04:37:58,099 --> 04:38:01,099
further you got from Europe, 
more likely, you were to run 

5267
04:38:01,099 --> 04:38:02,700
into something with too many 
heads. 

5268
04:38:02,700 --> 04:38:06,099
The funny thing is these were 
mistakes in the way we think of 

5269
04:38:06,099 --> 04:38:08,500
them today. 
These were deliberate creative 

5270
04:38:08,500 --> 04:38:11,599
choices. 
Medieval mapmakers operated 

5271
04:38:11,599 --> 04:38:14,099
under the assumption that the 
world was full of wonders. 

5272
04:38:14,099 --> 04:38:16,800
If they hadn't per personally 
seen proof that a particular 

5273
04:38:16,800 --> 04:38:18,900
wander didn't exist in a 
particular place. 

5274
04:38:18,900 --> 04:38:21,700
Well, it might as well go on the
map. 

5275
04:38:22,700 --> 04:38:26,500
It was really an optimistic lie.
The kind of fibbing that says 

5276
04:38:26,500 --> 04:38:28,599
sure there might be a unicorn 
over there. 

5277
04:38:28,599 --> 04:38:31,099
Why not? 
And the customers loved it. 

5278
04:38:32,099 --> 04:38:35,099
Kings and wealthy merchants 
didn't want boring accurate 

5279
04:38:35,099 --> 04:38:38,500
Maps, they wanted maps that told
stories maps. 

5280
04:38:38,500 --> 04:38:41,599
That confirmed everything they'd
heard about the Exotic edges of 

5281
04:38:41,599 --> 04:38:44,700
the world and map. 
Lacking monsters was devoid of 

5282
04:38:44,700 --> 04:38:47,200
imagination, which diminished 
its purpose. 

5283
04:38:48,099 --> 04:38:50,400
The quest wasn't just about 
filling space though. 

5284
04:38:51,200 --> 04:38:54,500
In a world where information 
traveled slowly and often became

5285
04:38:54,500 --> 04:38:57,700
thoroughly mangled medieval 
mapmakers operated. 

5286
04:38:58,800 --> 04:39:01,500
By the time a story about a 
distant land, had traveled from 

5287
04:39:01,500 --> 04:39:03,800
Explorer to Trader to scholar to
mapmaker. 

5288
04:39:03,800 --> 04:39:07,599
It had usually picked up so many
embellishments that it bore 

5289
04:39:07,599 --> 04:39:10,599
about, as much resemblance to 
reality as a fish story told by 

5290
04:39:10,599 --> 04:39:12,000
your uncle after his fourth 
beer. 

5291
04:39:13,000 --> 04:39:15,700
So, as you drift off tonight, 
remember that somewhere in 

5292
04:39:15,700 --> 04:39:18,500
history. 
There's a map maker who drew a 

5293
04:39:18,500 --> 04:39:22,300
perfectly lovely Island that 
never existed, populated it with

5294
04:39:22,300 --> 04:39:25,400
creatures that never lived and 
convinced half of Europe. 

5295
04:39:25,400 --> 04:39:29,000
That it was a real place worth 
visiting and honestly the world 

5296
04:39:29,000 --> 04:39:31,300
was probably somewhat more 
interesting for it. 

5297
04:39:31,300 --> 04:39:34,700
Now you might be wondering how 
exactly one goes about lying 

5298
04:39:34,700 --> 04:39:38,400
professionally on maps without 
getting fired exiled or fed to 

5299
04:39:38,400 --> 04:39:40,800
whatever monsters you've been 
drawing in the margins. 

5300
04:39:40,800 --> 04:39:42,800
The answer is surprisingly 
simple. 

5301
04:39:42,800 --> 04:39:47,000
You don't call it lying. 
You call it interpretation of 

5302
04:39:47,008 --> 04:39:50,000
available sources or synthesis 
of travel or accounts. 

5303
04:39:50,000 --> 04:39:53,400
It's all about the marketing, 
really medieval and Renaissance 

5304
04:39:53,400 --> 04:39:55,100
map. 
Make us have the technique down 

5305
04:39:55,100 --> 04:39:57,400
to an art form. 
They take a grain of Truth. 

5306
04:39:57,400 --> 04:40:01,200
Maybe a Sailors story about 
seeing land on the horizon and 

5307
04:40:01,200 --> 04:40:04,200
grow it into a full-fledged 
continent, complete with cities 

5308
04:40:04,200 --> 04:40:08,200
rivers, and the occasional 
dragons, Think of it as the 

5309
04:40:08,200 --> 04:40:10,700
original version of making a 
mountain out of a molehill. 

5310
04:40:11,300 --> 04:40:13,200
Except the molehill might not 
have existed either. 

5311
04:40:14,500 --> 04:40:16,600
Making process back. 
Then was part detective. 

5312
04:40:16,600 --> 04:40:19,300
Work part, creative writing and 
part wishful. 

5313
04:40:19,300 --> 04:40:22,600
Thinking You'd gather every 
scrap of information you could 

5314
04:40:22,600 --> 04:40:27,900
find ancient texts Travelers 
Tales other maps and wild 

5315
04:40:27,900 --> 04:40:29,400
guesses. 
From people who claim to know, 

5316
04:40:29,400 --> 04:40:32,300
someone who wants met a guy who 
sailed somewhere vaguely in that

5317
04:40:32,308 --> 04:40:34,800
direction. 
Subsequently. 

5318
04:40:34,800 --> 04:40:37,000
You would arrange all the 
gathered information on your 

5319
04:40:37,000 --> 04:40:40,700
workbench and Endeavor to make 
sense of it, fully aware that a 

5320
04:40:40,700 --> 04:40:43,100
significant portion was likely 
an accurate in the remainder was

5321
04:40:43,100 --> 04:40:46,000
certainly dubious. 
But the best part is that 

5322
04:40:46,000 --> 04:40:48,600
everyone knew how the system 
worked and accepted it. 

5323
04:40:48,600 --> 04:40:51,600
If everyone was aware of the 
joke, it wouldn't be considered 

5324
04:40:51,600 --> 04:40:54,200
fraud. 
Kings, commissioning Maps, 

5325
04:40:54,200 --> 04:40:57,800
weren't expecting GPS level 
accuracy, they wanted something 

5326
04:40:57,800 --> 04:41:01,200
impressive to hang on the castle
wall, something that would make 

5327
04:41:01,200 --> 04:41:04,700
visiting dignitaries go and are 
and maybe feel a little 

5328
04:41:04,708 --> 04:41:07,400
intimidated by the vast scope of
their host, geographical 

5329
04:41:07,400 --> 04:41:10,100
knowledge. 
The true experts devise their 

5330
04:41:10,100 --> 04:41:12,600
own nuanced strategies to 
mitigate their risks. 

5331
04:41:12,600 --> 04:41:16,100
They'd include little notes in 
Latin that roughly translated 

5332
04:41:16,100 --> 04:41:19,100
meant things like this 
information comes from sources 

5333
04:41:19,100 --> 04:41:23,700
of questionable reliability or 
hear there might be dragons but 

5334
04:41:23,700 --> 04:41:28,300
on a slee who knows these 
disclaimers were usually in tiny

5335
04:41:28,300 --> 04:41:30,700
script and tucked away in 
Corners where nobody would 

5336
04:41:30,700 --> 04:41:34,400
notice them unless they were 
specifically looking One of the 

5337
04:41:34,400 --> 04:41:36,700
most famous examples of 
organized cartographic. 

5338
04:41:36,700 --> 04:41:39,000
Creativity was the island of 
Brazil. 

5339
04:41:39,800 --> 04:41:43,100
Not Brazil, the country. 
It's spelled differently in 

5340
04:41:43,100 --> 04:41:46,500
actually exists. 
No we're talking about Brazil 

5341
04:41:46,500 --> 04:41:49,300
with an s. 
A mythical Island that appeared 

5342
04:41:49,300 --> 04:41:53,000
on maps of the North Atlantic 
for over 500 years, it showed up

5343
04:41:53,000 --> 04:41:54,900
on different maps and different 
locations. 

5344
04:41:54,900 --> 04:41:58,100
Sometimes round sometimes 
Crescent shaped sometimes 

5345
04:41:58,100 --> 04:42:02,600
accompanied by smaller Islands. 
Sometimes flying solo Mapmakers 

5346
04:42:02,600 --> 04:42:05,800
continue to include it because 
their peers had done so and they

5347
04:42:05,800 --> 04:42:08,800
felt it was important to respect
to establish precedent. 

5348
04:42:09,500 --> 04:42:11,600
The island had a whole mythology
around it. 

5349
04:42:11,600 --> 04:42:14,900
Some claimed it was shrouded in 
mist and only appeared every 

5350
04:42:14,900 --> 04:42:17,800
seven years. 
Others said, it was inhabited by

5351
04:42:17,800 --> 04:42:21,500
an advanced civilization that 
had mastered invisibility, which

5352
04:42:21,500 --> 04:42:24,200
was certainly a convenient 
explanation for why nobody could

5353
04:42:24,200 --> 04:42:27,500
ever find the place Sailors, 
occasionally claimed to have 

5354
04:42:27,500 --> 04:42:30,700
spotted it in the distance but 
somehow it always vanished 

5355
04:42:30,700 --> 04:42:32,300
before they could get close 
enough to land. 

5356
04:42:32,300 --> 04:42:35,900
It's interesting how the 
situation unfolded what makes 

5357
04:42:35,900 --> 04:42:38,600
this story even more amusing? 
Is that people kept mounting 

5358
04:42:38,600 --> 04:42:41,900
expeditions to find Brazil? 
Well in to the 18th Century, 

5359
04:42:41,900 --> 04:42:47,200
Real Money changed hands, real 
ships set sail, real Sailors. 

5360
04:42:47,200 --> 04:42:49,700
Spent real weeks. 
Searching empty ocean for an 

5361
04:42:49,700 --> 04:42:52,600
island that existed only in the 
collective imagination of the 

5362
04:42:52,600 --> 04:42:56,600
European map, making Community 
it resembled a century-long game

5363
04:42:56,600 --> 04:42:59,500
of concealment with no one, 
bothering to acknowledge that. 

5364
04:42:59,500 --> 04:43:02,800
One of the participants was 
purely fictional and that make 

5365
04:43:02,800 --> 04:43:04,900
us themselves. 
Often seem to understand that 

5366
04:43:04,900 --> 04:43:07,000
they were in the entertainment 
business as much as the 

5367
04:43:07,000 --> 04:43:09,800
information business. 
Their Maps were gorgeous. 

5368
04:43:09,800 --> 04:43:12,500
Works of art filled with 
elaborate compass roses, 

5369
04:43:12,500 --> 04:43:14,800
decorative, borders, and sea 
monsters. 

5370
04:43:14,800 --> 04:43:17,300
That looked like, they'd been 
designed by someone who really 

5371
04:43:17,300 --> 04:43:20,300
enjoyed their work. 
These Maps serve not only as 

5372
04:43:20,300 --> 04:43:23,700
functional documents but also as
Conversation Pieces, status 

5373
04:43:23,700 --> 04:43:27,000
symbols and windows into a world
that Blended elements of reality

5374
04:43:27,000 --> 04:43:29,000
and fantasy. 
And you know what? 

5375
04:43:29,000 --> 04:43:31,300
Maybe that wasn't such a 
negative thing. 

5376
04:43:32,000 --> 04:43:34,600
In an age, when most people 
never traveled more than a few 

5377
04:43:34,608 --> 04:43:38,000
miles from where they were born,
these Maps offered glimpses of a

5378
04:43:38,000 --> 04:43:39,500
larger World filled with 
possibilities. 

5379
04:43:40,400 --> 04:43:42,500
While most of those 
possibilities were entirely 

5380
04:43:42,500 --> 04:43:45,500
fictional, they ignited the 
imagination in a manner that 

5381
04:43:45,500 --> 04:43:49,000
purely accurate Maps might not 
have sometimes an occasional 

5382
04:43:49,000 --> 04:43:52,400
creative embellishment makes 
life more interesting even if it

5383
04:43:52,400 --> 04:43:54,500
occasionally leads to 
disappointment when you actually

5384
04:43:54,500 --> 04:43:57,400
try to visit the places that 
sounded so wonderful on paper. 

5385
04:43:57,400 --> 04:44:00,100
If you've ever wondered what 
happens when an entire 

5386
04:44:00,100 --> 04:44:02,200
profession decides to 
collectively, believe in 

5387
04:44:02,200 --> 04:44:05,500
something that doesn't exist. 
The story of antilia is a 

5388
04:44:05,508 --> 04:44:10,300
perfect case study this island 
which never was never could be, 

5389
04:44:10,300 --> 04:44:13,700
and never should have been 
managed to appear on maps for 

5390
04:44:13,700 --> 04:44:17,300
over 200 years complete with 
details, coastlines, Inland 

5391
04:44:17,300 --> 04:44:19,900
cities and enough backstory to 
fill a novel. 

5392
04:44:20,600 --> 04:44:23,100
The Legend went something like 
this way. 

5393
04:44:23,100 --> 04:44:26,900
Back in 7011 ad. 
When the Moors conquered Spain, 

5394
04:44:26,900 --> 04:44:29,600
7 Bishops fled across the 
Atlantic with their 

5395
04:44:29,600 --> 04:44:33,500
congregation's and founded Seven
Cities on a Mysterious Island. 

5396
04:44:34,400 --> 04:44:38,200
These Bishops being resourceful 
types, supposedly built a 

5397
04:44:38,200 --> 04:44:41,800
thriving Christian civilization 
complete with gold mines, Pearl,

5398
04:44:41,800 --> 04:44:44,800
fisheries, and excellent 
defensive capabilities that kept

5399
04:44:44,800 --> 04:44:46,400
them. 
Safe from both Moorish Invasion 

5400
04:44:46,400 --> 04:44:49,000
and whatever sea monsters 
happened to be in the 

5401
04:44:49,008 --> 04:44:52,100
neighborhood. 
Now, you'd think that an island 

5402
04:44:52,100 --> 04:44:54,700
large enough to support Seven 
Cities and their surrounding 

5403
04:44:54,700 --> 04:44:58,700
farmlands would be pretty hard 
to miss, you'd be right but that

5404
04:44:58,700 --> 04:45:02,500
didn't stop map makers from Duty
including antilia on chart after

5405
04:45:02,500 --> 04:45:04,900
chart. 
Usually placing it somewhere in 

5406
04:45:04,900 --> 04:45:06,800
the Atlantic west of Portugal 
and Spain. 

5407
04:45:08,000 --> 04:45:10,400
The island migrated around a bit
from map to map. 

5408
04:45:11,200 --> 04:45:13,300
Apparently even imaginary 
Islands were subject to 

5409
04:45:13,300 --> 04:45:16,400
Continental Drift. 
The really impressive part was 

5410
04:45:16,400 --> 04:45:18,700
held these depictions became 
over time. 

5411
04:45:19,600 --> 04:45:22,900
What started as a simple blob 
labeled antilia gradually 

5412
04:45:22,900 --> 04:45:26,500
evolved into carefully drawn, 
coastlines, with Bays peninsulas

5413
04:45:26,500 --> 04:45:29,400
and River mouths. 
Mapmakers added, the Seven 

5414
04:45:29,400 --> 04:45:32,200
Cities, each with its name and 
approximate location. 

5415
04:45:32,200 --> 04:45:35,800
Some even included Roads, 
connecting the cities because 

5416
04:45:35,800 --> 04:45:38,100
apparently mediaeval 
cartographers were thorough in 

5417
04:45:38,108 --> 04:45:40,900
their fiction. 
Portuguese, Sailors, being 

5418
04:45:40,900 --> 04:45:44,000
practical, people occasionally, 
set out to find this convenient 

5419
04:45:44,000 --> 04:45:47,300
Atlantic Paradise. 
After all, if they're really was

5420
04:45:47,300 --> 04:45:50,400
an Island full of Christians 
sitting on gold, mine's it 

5421
04:45:50,400 --> 04:45:54,200
seemed worth checking out. 
These Expeditions had a 

5422
04:45:54,200 --> 04:45:56,600
remarkable talent for almost 
finding antilia. 

5423
04:45:57,300 --> 04:45:59,700
Sailors would return with 
stories of seeing land in the 

5424
04:45:59,708 --> 04:46:03,400
distance or finding beaches 
covered with mysterious sand or 

5425
04:46:03,400 --> 04:46:06,100
encountering, unusually, tame 
birds that must have come from 

5426
04:46:06,100 --> 04:46:09,900
some nearby civilization. 
No one ever succeeded in landing

5427
04:46:09,900 --> 04:46:13,400
on antilia but they achieved a 
tantalizingly close approach. 

5428
04:46:13,400 --> 04:46:16,000
The best part of these near 
discoveries was how they 

5429
04:46:16,000 --> 04:46:18,900
reinforced the Island's 
existence in everyone's Minds. 

5430
04:46:19,600 --> 04:46:23,000
If Sailors were consistently 
almost finding antilia that was 

5431
04:46:23,000 --> 04:46:24,900
practically proof that it was 
out there somewhere. 

5432
04:46:24,900 --> 04:46:28,800
The fact that almost and 
actually are completely 

5433
04:46:28,800 --> 04:46:30,700
different thing. 
Didn't seem to bother anyone 

5434
04:46:30,700 --> 04:46:33,800
much It was the geographical 
equivalent of my girlfriend 

5435
04:46:33,800 --> 04:46:37,800
lives in Canada technically 
unprovable but not technically 

5436
04:46:37,800 --> 04:46:40,600
impossible either. 
Christopher Columbus. 

5437
04:46:40,600 --> 04:46:44,000
Knew about antilia. 
In fact some historians think 

5438
04:46:44,000 --> 04:46:47,100
his calculations about the 
distance to Asia were partly 

5439
04:46:47,100 --> 04:46:50,100
based on the assumption that he 
could stop for supplies at this 

5440
04:46:50,100 --> 04:46:53,800
mythical Island on the way. 
Imagine his surprise when he 

5441
04:46:53,808 --> 04:46:57,100
kept sailing west and found a 
completely different set of 

5442
04:46:57,100 --> 04:47:00,700
continents in Stead. 
However it is like likely that 

5443
04:47:00,700 --> 04:47:03,600
accidentally discovering the 
Americas while searching for a 

5444
04:47:03,600 --> 04:47:06,300
fictional island is one of the 
more significant mistakes in 

5445
04:47:06,300 --> 04:47:09,400
human history. 
What's fascinating is how long 

5446
04:47:09,400 --> 04:47:13,100
until your persisted even after 
explorers started finding actual

5447
04:47:13,100 --> 04:47:16,600
islands in the Atlantic? 
Once explorers discovered and 

5448
04:47:16,600 --> 04:47:20,100
mapped the Azores and Tilia 
simply relocated further west. 

5449
04:47:20,900 --> 04:47:24,500
When the Caribbean islands were 
found and Tilia relocated again.

5450
04:47:25,200 --> 04:47:28,300
It was like a geographical game 
of musical chairs with the 

5451
04:47:28,300 --> 04:47:30,900
mythical Island, always 
managing, to find a new empty 

5452
04:47:30,900 --> 04:47:33,400
spot on the map where it could 
theoretically exist. 

5453
04:47:34,700 --> 04:47:37,300
The island finally started 
disappearing from maps in the 

5454
04:47:37,300 --> 04:47:40,300
late 16th century. 
Not because anyone proved it 

5455
04:47:40,300 --> 04:47:43,000
didn't exist but because 
mapmakers were running out of 

5456
04:47:43,008 --> 04:47:46,400
empty, ocean to put it in. 
The Atlantic was getting crowded

5457
04:47:46,400 --> 04:47:49,600
with real islands and there 
wasn't room for Imaginary ones 

5458
04:47:49,600 --> 04:47:51,800
anymore. 
It was a practical decision 

5459
04:47:51,800 --> 04:47:55,500
rather than a philosophical one 
and until he didn't die because 

5460
04:47:55,500 --> 04:47:58,500
people stopped believing in it. 
It died because reality was 

5461
04:47:58,500 --> 04:48:02,000
taking up too much space. 
But even today you can find the 

5462
04:48:02,000 --> 04:48:04,600
remnants of this Century's long 
geographical fiction. 

5463
04:48:05,900 --> 04:48:08,700
The Caribbean islands are still 
called the Antilles the name 

5464
04:48:08,700 --> 04:48:10,700
that comes directly from our 7 
City Island. 

5465
04:48:10,700 --> 04:48:14,000
That Never Was every time 
someone mentioned the Lesser 

5466
04:48:14,000 --> 04:48:16,800
Antilles or the Greater 
Antilles, their invoking, the 

5467
04:48:16,800 --> 04:48:19,300
memory of those seven Bishops 
and their imaginary Christian 

5468
04:48:19,300 --> 04:48:21,900
Paradise. 
Probably the most successful 

5469
04:48:21,900 --> 04:48:23,800
piece of medieval fake news in 
history. 

5470
04:48:23,800 --> 04:48:26,900
Outlasting, the civilization 
that created it by several 

5471
04:48:26,900 --> 04:48:28,900
centuries. 
You're likely beginning to 

5472
04:48:28,900 --> 04:48:31,200
understand that medieval 
mapmakers had a relatively 

5473
04:48:31,200 --> 04:48:34,300
relaxed approach to factual 
accuracy, but we haven't yet 

5474
04:48:34,300 --> 04:48:37,100
discussed their. 
Most delightful creation, the 

5475
04:48:37,100 --> 04:48:40,400
decorative monster. 
If you don't populate, the vast 

5476
04:48:40,400 --> 04:48:43,200
unexplored regions on your map, 
with terrifying creatures. 

5477
04:48:43,200 --> 04:48:46,600
What's the purpose? 
The decoration wasn't just 

5478
04:48:46,600 --> 04:48:49,300
random doodling during slow 
afternoons at the cartography 

5479
04:48:49,300 --> 04:48:52,700
Shop, monster placement required
meticulous consideration of 

5480
04:48:52,708 --> 04:48:55,300
geography mythology and customer
expectations. 

5481
04:48:55,300 --> 04:48:59,000
You couldn't simply place a 
dragon anywhere and consider the

5482
04:48:59,000 --> 04:49:02,600
task complete different regions 
called for different types of 

5483
04:49:02,600 --> 04:49:05,900
fantastic formula and a 
professional mapmaker needed to 

5484
04:49:05,900 --> 04:49:08,200
know the difference between a 
good spot for a sea serpent and 

5485
04:49:08,200 --> 04:49:10,200
a prime location for a man 
eating plant. 

5486
04:49:11,100 --> 04:49:14,900
The phrase he'd be dragons, has 
become famous as a short-hand 

5487
04:49:14,900 --> 04:49:17,200
for the unknown but actual 
medieval Maps. 

5488
04:49:17,200 --> 04:49:20,800
Rarely used those exact words 
most mapmakers were more 

5489
04:49:20,800 --> 04:49:23,600
creative in their warnings. 
They'd include details 

5490
04:49:23,600 --> 04:49:25,600
illustrations of whatever 
horrible creature. 

5491
04:49:25,600 --> 04:49:28,900
Supposedly lived in each 
unexplored region often with 

5492
04:49:28,900 --> 04:49:32,200
instructive little notes, about 
its feeding habits temperament 

5493
04:49:32,200 --> 04:49:35,100
and preferred method of 
devouring unwary Travelers. 

5494
04:49:36,300 --> 04:49:39,200
Africa was particularly, well, 
stocked with fascinating 

5495
04:49:39,200 --> 04:49:42,000
Wildlife. 
According to Medieval mapmakers,

5496
04:49:42,800 --> 04:49:45,900
The continent apparently hosted 
everything from Giants, who 

5497
04:49:45,908 --> 04:49:49,500
lived backwards, whatever that 
meant to tribes of people, with 

5498
04:49:49,500 --> 04:49:52,500
their faces in their chests to 
animals that were basically 

5499
04:49:52,500 --> 04:49:54,800
Lions. 
But with human hands and of 

5500
04:49:54,800 --> 04:49:57,600
Paws. 
These weren't just random 

5501
04:49:57,600 --> 04:50:00,700
monster designs. 
They came from a long tradition 

5502
04:50:00,700 --> 04:50:03,100
of travel literature that had 
been enthusiastically 

5503
04:50:03,100 --> 04:50:05,900
embellished over generations of 
retelling. 

5504
04:50:06,500 --> 04:50:09,300
Classical authors who had never 
visited the places, they 

5505
04:50:09,300 --> 04:50:12,600
described provided, the source 
material for many of these 

5506
04:50:12,600 --> 04:50:16,300
creatures Pliny, the Elder 
writing in Rome in the first 

5507
04:50:16,300 --> 04:50:19,800
century compiled, a natural 
history filled with second-hand 

5508
04:50:19,800 --> 04:50:22,800
accounts of distant lands and 
their exotic inhabitants. 

5509
04:50:23,600 --> 04:50:27,200
His work included, dog-headed 
men, people with backwards feet 

5510
04:50:27,200 --> 04:50:30,400
and various other anatomical, 
impossibilities that medieval 

5511
04:50:30,400 --> 04:50:32,900
mapmakers copied Faithfully onto
their charts. 

5512
04:50:33,900 --> 04:50:36,500
Nobody seemed to question, 
whether Pliny might have been a 

5513
04:50:36,500 --> 04:50:38,600
bit gullible. 
Whether his sources might have 

5514
04:50:38,600 --> 04:50:42,000
been pulling his leg, Sea 
monsters were another growth in 

5515
04:50:42,000 --> 04:50:44,400
Industry. 
The ocean was vast, largely 

5516
04:50:44,400 --> 04:50:47,300
unexplored, and perfect for 
hosting creatures of any size 

5517
04:50:47,300 --> 04:50:49,900
and description. 
The mapmakers imagination could 

5518
04:50:49,900 --> 04:50:52,700
conjure up. 
Some maps featured relatively 

5519
04:50:52,700 --> 04:50:57,100
modesty serpents basically large
snakes with fins and an attitude

5520
04:50:57,100 --> 04:50:59,600
problem. 
Others depicted multi-headed 

5521
04:50:59,600 --> 04:51:01,900
beasts. 
The size of islands capable of 

5522
04:51:01,908 --> 04:51:06,600
creating whirlpools by swimming 
in circles, The most famous sea 

5523
04:51:06,600 --> 04:51:09,100
monster of the cartographic. 
World was probably the Kraken 

5524
04:51:09,100 --> 04:51:12,300
though it went by various names 
depending on which map maker was

5525
04:51:12,308 --> 04:51:14,700
drawing. 
It This creature was typically 

5526
04:51:14,700 --> 04:51:19,100
depicted as an enormous octopus 
or squid, large enough to wrap 

5527
04:51:19,100 --> 04:51:22,100
its tentacles around entire 
ships and drag them down to 

5528
04:51:22,100 --> 04:51:24,400
whatever, passed for the bottom 
of the medieval ocean. 

5529
04:51:25,400 --> 04:51:28,000
The Kraken had the advantage of 
being based on something real 

5530
04:51:28,000 --> 04:51:32,200
giant squids do exist, but the 
mapmakers versions were usually 

5531
04:51:32,200 --> 04:51:35,100
about 10 times larger than 
anything that actually lived in 

5532
04:51:35,100 --> 04:51:37,700
the sea. 
What made these monster Maps? 

5533
04:51:37,700 --> 04:51:41,300
Particularly entertaining was 
how specific they got about the 

5534
04:51:41,300 --> 04:51:44,600
creatures behaviors. 
It wasn't enough to just draw a 

5535
04:51:44,600 --> 04:51:46,200
dragon. 
You needed to include 

5536
04:51:46,200 --> 04:51:49,200
information about what the 
dragon 8, how it interacted with

5537
04:51:49,200 --> 04:51:51,900
local human population and 
whether it was the sort of 

5538
04:51:51,908 --> 04:51:54,900
dragon that hoarded treasure or 
the sort that just enjoyed 

5539
04:51:54,900 --> 04:51:57,100
setting things on fire for 
recreational purposes. 

5540
04:51:57,100 --> 04:52:01,400
Some maps included details about
seasonal, migration patterns for

5541
04:52:01,400 --> 04:52:04,000
various monsters. 
As if these were real animals 

5542
04:52:04,000 --> 04:52:07,700
that someone had been carefully 
studying for years The economics

5543
04:52:07,700 --> 04:52:09,400
of monster Maps were pretty 
straightforward. 

5544
04:52:09,400 --> 04:52:12,900
Customers wanted their money's 
worth and a map covered with 

5545
04:52:12,900 --> 04:52:14,600
blank spaces didn't look like 
money. 

5546
04:52:14,600 --> 04:52:17,700
Well, spent filling those spaces
with carefully. 

5547
04:52:17,700 --> 04:52:20,400
Researched mythological 
creatures showed that the 

5548
04:52:20,400 --> 04:52:23,900
mapmaker had really done their 
homework, even if their homework

5549
04:52:23,900 --> 04:52:27,300
consisted entirely of making 
things up a map with good 

5550
04:52:27,300 --> 04:52:31,000
monster coverage looked 
authoritative comprehensive and 

5551
04:52:31,000 --> 04:52:33,700
worth displaying prominently in 
your Castle's main hall. 

5552
04:52:34,500 --> 04:52:37,600
The funny thing is some of these
imaginary creatures were more 

5553
04:52:37,600 --> 04:52:40,600
thoroughly documented than real 
animals that lived in places. 

5554
04:52:40,600 --> 04:52:44,300
Mapmakers could actually visit, 
you could find incredibly 

5555
04:52:44,300 --> 04:52:46,600
detailed descriptions of 
griffins and their nesting 

5556
04:52:46,600 --> 04:52:49,000
habits but good luck. 
Finding accurate information 

5557
04:52:49,000 --> 04:52:52,100
about say regular European birds
that any map maker could have 

5558
04:52:52,100 --> 04:52:55,200
observed by walking outside. 
Their workshop running, a 

5559
04:52:55,200 --> 04:52:58,000
successful map making business 
in medieval times required, a 

5560
04:52:58,000 --> 04:53:01,700
delicate balance between giving 
customers what they expected and

5561
04:53:01,700 --> 04:53:04,800
avoiding the kind of spectacular
failures that might damage your 

5562
04:53:04,800 --> 04:53:07,800
professional reputation. 
It was similar to fortune 

5563
04:53:07,800 --> 04:53:10,400
telling but instead of for 
telling the future, you were 

5564
04:53:10,400 --> 04:53:13,800
describing places that might or 
might not exist in locations 

5565
04:53:13,800 --> 04:53:15,300
that were probably completely 
wrong. 

5566
04:53:15,300 --> 04:53:18,700
The most successful mapmakers 
developed what we might call the

5567
04:53:18,700 --> 04:53:22,400
Strategic hedge ways of 
including exciting exotic 

5568
04:53:22,400 --> 04:53:26,100
content while subtly protecting 
themselves from accusation of 

5569
04:53:26,100 --> 04:53:29,800
outright fabrication. 
They'd copy information from 

5570
04:53:29,800 --> 04:53:32,900
other respected Maps, which 
provided a kind of professional 

5571
04:53:32,900 --> 04:53:34,900
cover. 
If you're map, turned out to be 

5572
04:53:34,908 --> 04:53:37,600
wildly and accurate, you could 
always point to your sources and

5573
04:53:37,600 --> 04:53:40,600
suggest that any errors were 
inherited rather than invented. 

5574
04:53:41,300 --> 04:53:44,300
This process led to one of the 
most amusing aspects of medieval

5575
04:53:44,300 --> 04:53:47,000
cartography. 
The perpetuation of mistakes 

5576
04:53:47,000 --> 04:53:49,000
through what amounted to 
professional courtesy. 

5577
04:53:49,800 --> 04:53:52,900
If a respected map maker 
included a particular island or 

5578
04:53:52,900 --> 04:53:55,500
Monster or impossible River on 
their chart. 

5579
04:53:55,500 --> 04:53:59,200
Other mapmakers would often 
include the same feature even if

5580
04:53:59,200 --> 04:54:01,000
it didn't make much geographical
sense. 

5581
04:54:01,800 --> 04:54:04,300
Nobody wanted to be the one 
cartographer who left out 

5582
04:54:04,300 --> 04:54:06,300
something that everyone else 
considered important. 

5583
04:54:06,300 --> 04:54:09,000
Even if everyone else was 
completely wrong about it. 

5584
04:54:10,600 --> 04:54:13,200
Price structure for medieval 
Maps, reflected, these realities

5585
04:54:13,200 --> 04:54:16,600
in intriguing ways, basic maps, 
with just the essential 

5586
04:54:16,600 --> 04:54:19,700
geographical features were 
relatively affordable, but if 

5587
04:54:19,700 --> 04:54:23,100
you wanted the full treatment 
complete with monsters mythical 

5588
04:54:23,100 --> 04:54:27,500
Islands, details illustrations 
and exotic place names, you paid

5589
04:54:27,500 --> 04:54:30,600
premium prices. 
Essentially, the most expensive 

5590
04:54:30,600 --> 04:54:33,100
Maps were works of art, that 
incorporated geographical 

5591
04:54:33,100 --> 04:54:36,100
information, not just to 
actively designed geographical 

5592
04:54:36,100 --> 04:54:39,400
documents wealthy, customers 
often commissioned, custom maps 

5593
04:54:39,400 --> 04:54:41,400
that emphasized. 
Whatever regions or features 

5594
04:54:41,400 --> 04:54:44,800
they were most interested in. 
A merchant planning trade routes

5595
04:54:44,800 --> 04:54:47,300
might want extra detail in 
commercial ports and shipping 

5596
04:54:47,300 --> 04:54:49,500
lanes. 
While a nobleman might prefer 

5597
04:54:49,500 --> 04:54:52,400
elaborate illustrations of his 
family's coat of arms scattered 

5598
04:54:52,400 --> 04:54:55,500
across various continents. 
Some designers primarily 

5599
04:54:55,500 --> 04:54:58,800
designed Maps as Conversation 
Pieces prioritizing visual 

5600
04:54:58,800 --> 04:55:02,000
impact and entertainment value 
over geographical accuracy. 

5601
04:55:03,000 --> 04:55:05,600
The map making guilds that 
developed in major European 

5602
04:55:05,600 --> 04:55:08,900
cities, served partly as 
professional organizations and 

5603
04:55:08,900 --> 04:55:10,800
partly as quality control 
systems. 

5604
04:55:11,600 --> 04:55:14,400
They established standards for 
things like parchment quality 

5605
04:55:14,400 --> 04:55:18,400
ink formulations and artistic 
techniques, but they were 

5606
04:55:18,400 --> 04:55:21,100
remarkably flexible about 
accuracy requirements. 

5607
04:55:21,100 --> 04:55:24,700
A map could be completely wrong 
about the basic shape of 

5608
04:55:24,700 --> 04:55:28,100
continents and still earn Guild 
approval as long as it was 

5609
04:55:28,108 --> 04:55:31,100
beautifully executed and based 
on appropriately, prestigious 

5610
04:55:31,100 --> 04:55:35,200
sources competition between 
mapmaking centers, led to some 

5611
04:55:35,200 --> 04:55:36,800
creative approaches to 
marketing. 

5612
04:55:37,600 --> 04:55:40,500
The nation Maps emphasized, 
their access to information from

5613
04:55:40,500 --> 04:55:42,800
Eastern trade routes while 
Spanish Maps. 

5614
04:55:42,800 --> 04:55:45,000
Highlighted their expertise in 
that Atlantic exploration. 

5615
04:55:46,100 --> 04:55:49,000
Eventually English cartographers
promoted their developing 

5616
04:55:49,000 --> 04:55:52,400
expertise in Northern Waters 
while Portuguese map makers, 

5617
04:55:52,400 --> 04:55:55,200
asserted that they had unique 
knowledge of African coastlines.

5618
04:55:55,200 --> 04:55:58,300
Each Regional map, making 
tradition developed, its own 

5619
04:55:58,300 --> 04:56:02,500
signature style of educated 
guessing, The rise of printing 

5620
04:56:02,500 --> 04:56:06,000
in the 15th century democratized
map distribution, but didn't 

5621
04:56:06,000 --> 04:56:07,600
necessarily improve map 
accuracy. 

5622
04:56:08,300 --> 04:56:11,100
If anything printing, made it 
easier for mistakes to spread 

5623
04:56:11,100 --> 04:56:14,700
quickly and widely a single 
inaccurate printed map could 

5624
04:56:14,700 --> 04:56:17,900
influence hundreds of other 
Maps, creating cascading errors,

5625
04:56:17,900 --> 04:56:21,500
that persisted for Generations. 
The same technology that should 

5626
04:56:21,500 --> 04:56:23,900
have made. 
Corrections easier actually made

5627
04:56:23,900 --> 04:56:26,000
widespread misinformation more 
durable. 

5628
04:56:26,800 --> 04:56:29,400
Customer feedback was rarely 
immediate enough to affect 

5629
04:56:29,400 --> 04:56:31,300
map-making practices 
significantly. 

5630
04:56:32,700 --> 04:56:34,800
If you bought a map that turned 
out to be wrong about the 

5631
04:56:34,800 --> 04:56:37,900
location of a particular Island.
You probably wouldn't discover 

5632
04:56:37,900 --> 04:56:41,600
the era for years if ever, you 
might think you made navigation,

5633
04:56:41,600 --> 04:56:43,200
errors in stead of the map being
wrong. 

5634
04:56:44,300 --> 04:56:47,000
This build in delay between 
creation and verification meant 

5635
04:56:47,000 --> 04:56:50,300
that mapmakers could maintain 
successful careers based on 

5636
04:56:50,300 --> 04:56:53,500
information that was 
consistently spectacularly 

5637
04:56:53,500 --> 04:56:56,200
wrong. 
The most successful mapmakers 

5638
04:56:56,200 --> 04:56:59,200
learn to manage customary, 
expectations without explicitly,

5639
04:56:59,200 --> 04:57:01,100
admitting the limitations of 
their knowledge. 

5640
04:57:02,100 --> 04:57:04,800
They developed a professional 
vocabulary full of terms, that 

5641
04:57:04,800 --> 04:57:07,900
sounded authoritative while 
actually meaning your guests as 

5642
04:57:07,900 --> 04:57:10,200
accurate as mine. 
Phrases. 

5643
04:57:10,200 --> 04:57:14,700
Like according to the most 
reliable sources and as reported

5644
04:57:14,700 --> 04:57:18,600
by experienced Navigators could 
cover a multitude of uncertainty

5645
04:57:18,600 --> 04:57:21,700
as without technically 
constituting fraud change came 

5646
04:57:21,700 --> 04:57:24,500
slowly to the world of 
mapmaking, partly? 

5647
04:57:24,500 --> 04:57:26,900
Because the old system works so 
well for everyone involved. 

5648
04:57:27,800 --> 04:57:30,600
Customers got beautiful, 
entertaining Maps, full of 

5649
04:57:30,608 --> 04:57:34,100
wonderful possibilities. 
That makers got to exercise 

5650
04:57:34,100 --> 04:57:36,600
their creativity while earning 
steady livings. 

5651
04:57:37,200 --> 04:57:40,000
Sailors, got convenient, excuses
for voyages. 

5652
04:57:40,000 --> 04:57:43,800
After all, if the monsters 
didn't attack you, those tricky 

5653
04:57:43,800 --> 04:57:46,900
currents around the mythical 
Island probably would But 

5654
04:57:46,900 --> 04:57:50,100
eventually, reality started 
intruding on this comfortable 

5655
04:57:50,100 --> 04:57:53,500
Arrangement, the problem began 
with Portuguese Sailors in the 

5656
04:57:53,500 --> 04:57:56,400
15th century who had the 
annoying habit of actually 

5657
04:57:56,400 --> 04:57:59,200
visiting the places they were 
supposed to visit and then 

5658
04:57:59,200 --> 04:58:02,100
coming back with inconveniently 
accurate reports about what 

5659
04:58:02,100 --> 04:58:05,300
they'd fail there. 
Instead of respect for me 

5660
04:58:05,300 --> 04:58:09,000
established geographical wisdom,
these explorers kept insisting 

5661
04:58:09,000 --> 04:58:11,700
that coastlines were shaped 
differently than the maps 

5662
04:58:11,700 --> 04:58:15,400
suggested that certain islands 
didn't exist and that the 

5663
04:58:15,400 --> 04:58:18,100
monster's were surprisingly 
absent from areas where they 

5664
04:58:18,100 --> 04:58:22,100
were supposed to be abundant. 
Vasco de Gama's Voyage around 

5665
04:58:22,100 --> 04:58:24,400
Africa was particularly 
Troublesome for traditional 

5666
04:58:24,400 --> 04:58:26,600
mapmakers. 
Here was someone who had 

5667
04:58:26,600 --> 04:58:29,700
actually sailed around the 
entire continent map mapped its 

5668
04:58:29,700 --> 04:58:33,100
actual Coastline and returned 
with details information about 

5669
04:58:33,100 --> 04:58:35,700
what was really there. 
This kind of first-hand 

5670
04:58:35,700 --> 04:58:38,300
knowledge was deeply 
inconvenient for cartographers 

5671
04:58:38,300 --> 04:58:41,800
who had spent decades perfecting
their artistic interpretations 

5672
04:58:41,800 --> 04:58:45,300
of African geography, based on 
centuries old second-hand 

5673
04:58:45,300 --> 04:58:48,600
accounts, The Spanish 
exploration of the Americas 

5674
04:58:48,600 --> 04:58:52,100
created, similar problems 
Columbus and his successes 

5675
04:58:52,100 --> 04:58:54,600
consistently found new 
continents in areas where 

5676
04:58:54,600 --> 04:58:58,300
established Maps depicted empty.
Oceans yet, they lacked The 

5677
04:58:58,300 --> 04:59:00,800
Taste to return tangible 
evidence of their discoveries 

5678
04:59:01,700 --> 04:59:04,600
Gold exotic plants and 
Indigenous. 

5679
04:59:04,600 --> 04:59:07,600
People were much harder to argue
with than theoretical 

5680
04:59:07,600 --> 04:59:10,200
discussions about what might 
exist in distant Waters. 

5681
04:59:11,100 --> 04:59:13,800
The Protestant Reformation 
introduced an unexpected twist 

5682
04:59:13,800 --> 04:59:17,300
to the situation medieval maps 
are often included religious 

5683
04:59:17,300 --> 04:59:20,800
elements, the Garden of Eden 
various biblical locations, and 

5684
04:59:20,800 --> 04:59:23,800
Christian symbolism integrated 
with geographical features. 

5685
04:59:25,200 --> 04:59:28,100
As religious Authority became 
more contested in some parts of 

5686
04:59:28,100 --> 04:59:30,300
Europe. 
The theological aspects of 

5687
04:59:30,300 --> 04:59:32,800
traditional mapmaking, came 
under scrutiny, along with 

5688
04:59:32,800 --> 04:59:35,600
everything else. 
Some reformers argue that mixing

5689
04:59:35,600 --> 04:59:37,900
religious Doctrine with 
geographical information was 

5690
04:59:37,900 --> 04:59:40,700
inappropriate, which eliminated 
one of the traditional 

5691
04:59:40,700 --> 04:59:43,900
justifications for including 
speculative content on maps. 

5692
04:59:43,900 --> 04:59:46,900
The Invention of more accurate 
navigation, instruments. 

5693
04:59:46,900 --> 04:59:50,000
Gradually raised the standards 
for what constituted acceptable 

5694
04:59:50,000 --> 04:59:54,000
geographical information when 
sailors could determine their 

5695
04:59:54,000 --> 04:59:57,100
latitude with reasonable 
Precision maps that placed 

5696
04:59:57,100 --> 04:59:59,700
familiar locations hundreds of 
miles from their actual 

5697
04:59:59,700 --> 05:00:03,700
positions became problematic. 
The magnetic compass, the 

5698
05:00:03,700 --> 05:00:06,900
astrolabe and eventually, more 
sophisticated tools made it 

5699
05:00:06,900 --> 05:00:09,200
harder for mapmakers to hide 
behind the excuse, that 

5700
05:00:09,200 --> 05:00:11,300
navigation was inherently 
uncertain. 

5701
05:00:11,300 --> 05:00:15,300
Competition from, explorers 
turned cartographers, put 

5702
05:00:15,300 --> 05:00:18,300
additional pressure on 
traditional, mapmakers people 

5703
05:00:18,300 --> 05:00:20,100
who had actually visited distant
places. 

5704
05:00:20,100 --> 05:00:23,100
Could produce Maps based on 
Direct observation rather than 

5705
05:00:23,100 --> 05:00:26,600
scholarly speculation. 
These Explorer cartographers 

5706
05:00:26,600 --> 05:00:30,100
didn't necessarily create more 
beautiful Maps, but their charts

5707
05:00:30,100 --> 05:00:32,300
have the compelling advantage 
of, actually working for 

5708
05:00:32,300 --> 05:00:35,700
navigation purposes. 
Although customers Value Beauty,

5709
05:00:35,700 --> 05:00:39,400
those who intended to use their 
maps for real travel, placed a 

5710
05:00:39,400 --> 05:00:42,400
greater value on functionality. 
The printing Industries 

5711
05:00:42,400 --> 05:00:45,000
development, created, both 
problems and opportunities for 

5712
05:00:45,000 --> 05:00:48,600
mapmakers on one hand. 
The ability to produce printed 

5713
05:00:48,600 --> 05:00:51,900
Maps more quickly, and cheaply 
than hand-drawn ones opened up 

5714
05:00:51,900 --> 05:00:54,800
new markets and increase the 
availability of geographical 

5715
05:00:54,800 --> 05:00:57,800
information. 
On the other hand printing, made

5716
05:00:57,800 --> 05:01:00,700
it easier to compare maps from 
different sources which 

5717
05:01:00,700 --> 05:01:03,700
highlighted inconsistencies and 
errors that might have gone 

5718
05:01:03,700 --> 05:01:06,000
unnoticed when each map was a 
unique manuscript. 

5719
05:01:06,000 --> 05:01:09,700
Scientific method was perhaps 
the most serious long-term 

5720
05:01:09,700 --> 05:01:13,600
threat to creative cartography. 
As Scholars began emphasizing 

5721
05:01:13,600 --> 05:01:17,300
direct observation, 
reproduceable experiments and 

5722
05:01:17,300 --> 05:01:19,700
systematic skepticism of about 
received wisdom. 

5723
05:01:19,700 --> 05:01:23,000
The traditional approach to 
mapmaking looked increasingly 

5724
05:01:23,000 --> 05:01:27,200
unscientific Maps based on 
centuries old texts and 

5725
05:01:27,200 --> 05:01:29,500
theoretical speculation didn't 
fit. 

5726
05:01:29,500 --> 05:01:32,400
Well with the new emphasis on 
empirical evidence and logical 

5727
05:01:32,400 --> 05:01:35,400
analysis. 
The transition wasn't immediate 

5728
05:01:35,400 --> 05:01:37,700
or complete. 
Even as more accurate 

5729
05:01:37,700 --> 05:01:40,600
information became available, 
many mapmakers continued, 

5730
05:01:40,600 --> 05:01:43,400
including traditional elements 
alongside newer more reliable 

5731
05:01:43,400 --> 05:01:46,700
content. 
Some maps from the 16th and 17th

5732
05:01:46,700 --> 05:01:49,300
centuries show in almost 
schizophrenic split between 

5733
05:01:49,300 --> 05:01:52,800
carefully, surveyed, coastlines,
and mythical interior features. 

5734
05:01:52,800 --> 05:01:55,800
As if the cartographers couldn't
quite bring themselves to 

5735
05:01:55,800 --> 05:01:59,000
abandon the old ways entirely as
you settle in, for the end of 

5736
05:01:59,008 --> 05:02:01,300
our journey through the 
wonderfully, deceptive world of 

5737
05:02:01,300 --> 05:02:04,900
medieval map making It's worth 
considering what we lost when 

5738
05:02:04,900 --> 05:02:07,500
cartography became a science in 
stead of an art form. 

5739
05:02:07,500 --> 05:02:12,300
Yes, modern maps are infinitely,
more accurate infinitely, more 

5740
05:02:12,300 --> 05:02:15,600
useful, and infinitely, less 
likely to send you sailing off 

5741
05:02:15,600 --> 05:02:18,500
the edge of the world or in to 
the waiting tentacles of a 

5742
05:02:18,500 --> 05:02:21,100
hungry Kracker. 
But they're all so infinitely 

5743
05:02:21,100 --> 05:02:24,600
less likely to spark your 
imagination, or make you wonder 

5744
05:02:24,600 --> 05:02:26,900
what might be waiting, just 
beyond the next Horizon. 

5745
05:02:28,300 --> 05:02:30,100
The Golden Age of creative 
cartography. 

5746
05:02:30,100 --> 05:02:33,700
Officially ended sometime in the
18th century when the 

5747
05:02:33,700 --> 05:02:36,100
combination of better 
instruments, systematic 

5748
05:02:36,100 --> 05:02:39,700
exploration and scientific 
rigor, made it impossible to 

5749
05:02:39,700 --> 05:02:42,800
maintain the old traditions of 
educated guessing and artistic 

5750
05:02:42,800 --> 05:02:45,900
interpretation. 
The last mythical Islands, 

5751
05:02:45,900 --> 05:02:49,200
disappeared from authoritative 
Maps, the sea monsters were 

5752
05:02:49,200 --> 05:02:52,600
relegated to decorative corners 
and the vast blank spaces. 

5753
05:02:52,600 --> 05:02:55,800
Labeled, Terra incognita 
gradually filled with 

5754
05:02:55,800 --> 05:02:58,300
disappointingly real 
geographical features. 

5755
05:02:59,300 --> 05:03:01,700
But the influence of those 
centuries of cartographic, 

5756
05:03:01,700 --> 05:03:04,600
creativity lingered in 
unexpected ways. 

5757
05:03:04,600 --> 05:03:08,100
The Age of Exploration was 
partly motivated by maps that 

5758
05:03:08,100 --> 05:03:11,800
showed a world filled with 
wonderful possibilities islands 

5759
05:03:11,800 --> 05:03:15,900
of gold, passages to the Orient 
and lands inhabited by exotic 

5760
05:03:15,900 --> 05:03:20,100
peoples and fantastic creatures.
If the maps of Columbus's time 

5761
05:03:20,100 --> 05:03:22,400
had accurately depicted the vast
empty ocean. 

5762
05:03:22,400 --> 05:03:26,800
He would actually encounter, 
would he have sailed West If 

5763
05:03:26,808 --> 05:03:30,400
generation of optimistic 
cartographers hadn't inflated, 

5764
05:03:30,400 --> 05:03:34,100
the potential rewards with the 
great Voyages of Discovery of 

5765
05:03:34,100 --> 05:03:37,600
seemed worth the risk and 
expense the mythology, created 

5766
05:03:37,600 --> 05:03:41,200
by medieval mapmakers became 
embedded in European culture in 

5767
05:03:41,200 --> 05:03:43,100
ways that outlasted the maps 
themselves. 

5768
05:03:44,200 --> 05:03:47,100
Stories about antilia influence,
Spanish expectations. 

5769
05:03:47,100 --> 05:03:50,400
About the Americas, Legends of 
pressed to John's Christian 

5770
05:03:50,400 --> 05:03:53,400
kingdom shaped Portuguese, 
exploration of Africa and Asia. 

5771
05:03:54,100 --> 05:03:57,100
The idea that the world's edges 
were populated by monsters and 

5772
05:03:57,100 --> 05:04:00,700
Marvels became part of the 
European imagination, creating a

5773
05:04:00,700 --> 05:04:03,800
sense that exploration was not 
just about trade routes and 

5774
05:04:03,800 --> 05:04:07,400
territorial expansion, but about
discovering ones that would 

5775
05:04:07,400 --> 05:04:11,700
justify the greatest risks. 
It took centuries for some of 

5776
05:04:11,708 --> 05:04:14,600
the most persistent geographical
myths to completely vanish. 

5777
05:04:15,300 --> 05:04:18,000
The Northwest Passage a 
hypothetical Northern route, 

5778
05:04:18,000 --> 05:04:19,600
connecting the Atlantic and 
Pacific. 

5779
05:04:19,600 --> 05:04:24,200
Oceans appeared on maps for over
400 years before explorers 

5780
05:04:24,200 --> 05:04:26,000
finally confirmed that it didn't
exist. 

5781
05:04:26,000 --> 05:04:29,800
In any practical sense. 
Despite repeated evidence to the

5782
05:04:29,808 --> 05:04:33,000
country, many Maps depicted 
California as an island. 

5783
05:04:33,000 --> 05:04:36,700
Well, into the 18th century. 
These weren't simple mistakes, 

5784
05:04:36,700 --> 05:04:40,500
they were examples of wishful 
thinking, so powerful that it 

5785
05:04:40,500 --> 05:04:43,100
overrode contradictory evidence 
for Generations. 

5786
05:04:43,800 --> 05:04:46,500
The decorative elements of 
medieval Maps evolved into the 

5787
05:04:46,500 --> 05:04:49,500
artistic Traditions that still 
influence cartographic design 

5788
05:04:49,500 --> 05:04:52,200
today. 
Modern Maps may not include 

5789
05:04:52,200 --> 05:04:56,100
dragon's or Caesars but they 
still use artistic techniques 

5790
05:04:56,100 --> 05:04:59,100
developed by mapmakers, who 
understood that geographical 

5791
05:04:59,100 --> 05:05:01,500
documents needed to be visually 
appealing as well as 

5792
05:05:01,500 --> 05:05:04,600
informative. 
The elaborate Compass Rose's, 

5793
05:05:04,600 --> 05:05:08,000
decorative borders, and careful 
attention to typography. 

5794
05:05:08,000 --> 05:05:11,200
That characterized the best 
contemporary Maps can be traced 

5795
05:05:11,200 --> 05:05:14,200
directly back to mediaeval 
cartographers who knew that 

5796
05:05:14,200 --> 05:05:16,300
presentation mattered as much as
content. 

5797
05:05:17,400 --> 05:05:21,000
Most importantly, the medieval 
map making Traditions serves as 

5798
05:05:21,000 --> 05:05:23,400
a reminder of the complex 
relationship between information

5799
05:05:23,400 --> 05:05:26,900
and Truth. 
Those old cartographers weren't 

5800
05:05:26,900 --> 05:05:28,400
deliberately trying to deceive 
anyone. 

5801
05:05:28,400 --> 05:05:32,000
They were doing their best to 
synthesize limited contradictory

5802
05:05:32,000 --> 05:05:34,400
information into useful 
documents for their customers. 

5803
05:05:35,300 --> 05:05:37,500
They filled gaps in their 
knowledge, with educated 

5804
05:05:37,500 --> 05:05:40,700
guesses, traditional stories and
reasonable assumptions that 

5805
05:05:40,700 --> 05:05:44,100
turned out to be wrong. 
In that sense, they weren't so 

5806
05:05:44,108 --> 05:05:46,700
different from Modern experts 
who extrapolate from incomplete 

5807
05:05:46,700 --> 05:05:49,500
data and make predictions about 
complex systems. 

5808
05:05:49,500 --> 05:05:53,300
They don't fully understand The 
next time you use GPS to 

5809
05:05:53,300 --> 05:05:56,600
navigate to someplace, you've 
never been before spare, a 

5810
05:05:56,600 --> 05:05:59,100
thought for the generations of 
mapmakers who tackle the same 

5811
05:05:59,100 --> 05:06:02,500
basic problem with much less 
reliable information and much 

5812
05:06:02,500 --> 05:06:05,800
more Creative Solutions. 
They may have gotten the details

5813
05:06:05,800 --> 05:06:07,700
wrong, but they got the spirit, 
right? 

5814
05:06:07,700 --> 05:06:12,400
The world is a big mysterious, 
wonderful place, full of 

5815
05:06:12,408 --> 05:06:14,500
possibilities. 
We haven't discovered yet and 

5816
05:06:14,500 --> 05:06:15,900
wonders. 
We can't quite imagine. 

5817
05:06:15,900 --> 05:06:19,400
And if you ever find yourself in
a situation where you need to 

5818
05:06:19,400 --> 05:06:21,400
fill in some gaps, in your 
knowledge with your best 

5819
05:06:21,400 --> 05:06:24,500
educated guests, remember that 
your following in a long and 

5820
05:06:24,500 --> 05:06:27,100
honorable tradition. 
Just be careful not to include 

5821
05:06:27,100 --> 05:06:30,400
any dragons in the margins. 
These days people tend to check 

5822
05:06:30,400 --> 05:06:34,400
those details sweet dreams and 
may your Maps where the 

5823
05:06:34,400 --> 05:06:37,300
geographical professional or 
personal lead you to 

5824
05:06:37,300 --> 05:06:39,200
discoveries. 
That are at least as wonderful 

5825
05:06:39,200 --> 05:06:42,300
as the ones you imagine. 
Along the way, Nicholas Tesla's 

5826
05:06:42,300 --> 05:06:45,600
boyhood in the small village of 
smelly and nestled in the rural 

5827
05:06:45,600 --> 05:06:49,200
reaches of the Austrian Empire. 
Now Croatia was as far removed 

5828
05:06:49,200 --> 05:06:51,500
from the noise of modern 
Contraptions as one might. 

5829
05:06:52,800 --> 05:06:56,000
Yet even amid this pastoral 
backdrop Tesla found ways to 

5830
05:06:56,008 --> 05:07:00,600
indulge his curiosity. 
His father milutin was an 

5831
05:07:00,600 --> 05:07:04,000
orthodox priest often occupied 
by religious duties, but he also

5832
05:07:04,000 --> 05:07:07,100
possessed a serious Library 
where young Nicholas snuck away 

5833
05:07:07,100 --> 05:07:09,900
to read. 
In fact, Tesla frequently, 

5834
05:07:09,900 --> 05:07:13,000
credited, these secretive 
Explorations for sparking, his 

5835
05:07:13,000 --> 05:07:17,400
fascination with science. 
Meanwhile, his mother duka a 

5836
05:07:17,400 --> 05:07:20,000
resourceful and gifted woman 
crafted household tools, with 

5837
05:07:20,000 --> 05:07:22,300
her hands, granting Tesla 
first-hand. 

5838
05:07:22,300 --> 05:07:25,700
Look at the interplay between 
imagination and utility. 

5839
05:07:26,600 --> 05:07:30,200
One story that rarely gets 
retold overshadowed perhaps by 

5840
05:07:30,200 --> 05:07:33,600
Granda, anecdotes involved a 
small wooden water wheel. 

5841
05:07:33,600 --> 05:07:37,300
He built at age 9 determined to 
harness, the churning stream 

5842
05:07:37,300 --> 05:07:40,700
that ran behind his home. 
Tesla carved, rough paddles, 

5843
05:07:40,700 --> 05:07:44,300
from scavenge Driftwood, an 
improvised and axle from a 

5844
05:07:44,300 --> 05:07:47,300
broken carpart. 
While the contrivance was crude,

5845
05:07:47,300 --> 05:07:51,900
it worked sort of its spotted 
and jammed more often than its 

5846
05:07:51,900 --> 05:07:54,800
fun, but this half success 
taught him, the power of 

5847
05:07:54,800 --> 05:07:59,000
redirecting Natural Forces even 
as a child he recognized that 

5848
05:07:59,000 --> 05:08:02,300
nature has tremendous energy 
just waiting to be tapped. 

5849
05:08:03,200 --> 05:08:05,600
It was also during these early 
years, that Tesla started 

5850
05:08:05,600 --> 05:08:08,600
experiencing a cute 
visualizations later. 

5851
05:08:08,600 --> 05:08:12,000
He described how bright flashes 
before his eyes would conjure 

5852
05:08:12,000 --> 05:08:14,300
Vivid images of objects. 
He hadn't even witnessed before 

5853
05:08:14,300 --> 05:08:18,600
this phenomenon, which he called
his mind's eye sometimes 

5854
05:08:18,600 --> 05:08:21,800
unsettled people around him, but
it had a silver lining. 

5855
05:08:21,800 --> 05:08:24,700
Whenever an idea flickered 
through his Consciousness. 

5856
05:08:24,700 --> 05:08:28,900
He could examine its details in 
these mental pictures rotating 

5857
05:08:28,900 --> 05:08:31,100
and refining them before he ever
set pen to paper. 

5858
05:08:31,108 --> 05:08:35,300
This unique ability often 
minimized in popular accounts 

5859
05:08:35,300 --> 05:08:39,400
shape his inventive process. 
Of course, not all was idyllic 

5860
05:08:39,400 --> 05:08:43,500
as a Schoolboy Tesla nurse to 
rebellious streak and loathed 

5861
05:08:43,500 --> 05:08:46,500
rope memorization. 
His teacher wants, scolded him 

5862
05:08:46,500 --> 05:08:49,600
for insisting that the Earth was
a giant magnet telling, the 

5863
05:08:49,600 --> 05:08:52,400
class that Tesla was letting his
imagination run wild. 

5864
05:08:53,400 --> 05:08:55,900
The teacher was unaware of how 
close Tesla was to the truth, 

5865
05:08:55,900 --> 05:08:59,400
nor how that minor humiliation 
inspired him to study, magnetism

5866
05:08:59,400 --> 05:09:02,100
more thoroughly. 
Some say the seeds of his 

5867
05:09:02,100 --> 05:09:05,600
future. 
AC motor began here in the 

5868
05:09:05,600 --> 05:09:09,400
tension between Authority and 
Tesla's unwavering self-belief 

5869
05:09:09,400 --> 05:09:13,400
in spare moments. 
The young Tesla found Cameron 

5870
05:09:13,400 --> 05:09:16,100
artery with friends who joined 
in his experiments like 

5871
05:09:16,100 --> 05:09:18,600
building. 
Hand cranked contractions were 

5872
05:09:18,600 --> 05:09:22,100
trying to talk through Tin Can 
telephone phones yet if a 

5873
05:09:22,100 --> 05:09:25,200
Contraption faildo Tesla 
vanished into introspection 

5874
05:09:25,200 --> 05:09:28,200
recalculating. 
Every step in his mind. 

5875
05:09:29,000 --> 05:09:32,600
In those hours, no one could pry
him away from his Reflections. 

5876
05:09:32,600 --> 05:09:35,900
It was as if he was lost in that
luminous in a workshop. 

5877
05:09:36,600 --> 05:09:38,900
Despite bouts of quiet 
withdrawal. 

5878
05:09:38,900 --> 05:09:40,800
Tesla still lived in a 
household. 

5879
05:09:40,800 --> 05:09:44,300
That valued performance. 
Especially rhetorical Flair. 

5880
05:09:45,000 --> 05:09:47,700
His father believed in the power
of eloquence and would often 

5881
05:09:47,700 --> 05:09:51,300
deliver stirring orations. 
Perhaps this is how Tesla 

5882
05:09:51,300 --> 05:09:53,400
learned to present radical ideas
with poise. 

5883
05:09:53,400 --> 05:09:56,600
You also gleaned from his 
mother, the virtue of patient 

5884
05:09:56,600 --> 05:10:00,200
tinkering an aspect overshadowed
by stories of His Brilliant. 

5885
05:10:00,200 --> 05:10:04,100
Flashes of insight though, 
untrained formerly Dukes 

5886
05:10:04,100 --> 05:10:06,700
improvisational skills. 
Showed him that great inventions

5887
05:10:06,700 --> 05:10:08,400
need not come from Grand 
laboratory trees. 

5888
05:10:08,400 --> 05:10:12,100
They could begin at a humble 
table or by the Riverside as 

5889
05:10:12,100 --> 05:10:15,200
long as one had the drive to see
the three by the time he reached

5890
05:10:15,200 --> 05:10:18,300
out lessons, Tesla had devoured 
nearly every science book in his

5891
05:10:18,308 --> 05:10:20,800
father's Library. 
He immersed, himself in 

5892
05:10:20,800 --> 05:10:23,800
electricity magnetism and 
mechanical wonders. 

5893
05:10:23,800 --> 05:10:28,300
His Fascination growing with 
each page, later at night, when 

5894
05:10:28,300 --> 05:10:31,400
the household slept, and a 
single kerosene lamp flickered 

5895
05:10:31,400 --> 05:10:35,100
in the corridor Tesla Moldova, 
new Concepts, making mental 

5896
05:10:35,100 --> 05:10:39,200
notes on how to apply them, He 
never just read he scouted for 

5897
05:10:39,200 --> 05:10:42,000
Clues. 
Each bit of knowledge layering 

5898
05:10:42,000 --> 05:10:45,800
onto his mental designs. 
These experiences and smell Jam 

5899
05:10:45,800 --> 05:10:49,200
form the Bedrock of a lifetime 
of invention while the world 

5900
05:10:49,200 --> 05:10:52,300
would one day witness testers, 
theatrical experiments and 

5901
05:10:52,300 --> 05:10:56,100
transformative discoveries. 
It All Began beside a murmuring 

5902
05:10:56,100 --> 05:10:59,900
Creek and within the hush of a 
modest Library there free from 

5903
05:10:59,908 --> 05:11:04,600
Urban clamor Tesla, learned the 
value of curiosity, observation 

5904
05:11:04,600 --> 05:11:08,400
and sustained, determination. 
It was in this unassuming 

5905
05:11:08,400 --> 05:11:11,900
domain, where wooden water 
wheels sputtered and a boy's 

5906
05:11:11,900 --> 05:11:15,100
imagination soared that the 
seeds of an extraordinary 

5907
05:11:15,100 --> 05:11:16,500
Destiny. 
First took Route. 

5908
05:11:17,400 --> 05:11:20,500
Perhaps most telling these 
formative years cemented in 

5909
05:11:20,500 --> 05:11:22,800
Tesla, a lifelong pattern of 
introspection and 

5910
05:11:22,800 --> 05:11:26,100
experimentation the young 
inventor not only absorbed 

5911
05:11:26,100 --> 05:11:30,100
knowledge, he reinvented it in 
his imagination for him. 

5912
05:11:30,108 --> 05:11:34,300
Smilin was not a Backwater, it 
was a secluded incubator for 

5913
05:11:34,300 --> 05:11:38,500
unexplored possibilities. 
Tesla's departure from home was 

5914
05:11:38,500 --> 05:11:41,200
spurred by academic Pursuits 
that beckoned him to larger 

5915
05:11:41,200 --> 05:11:45,100
Arenas, eventually Landing him 
at the Austrian Polytechnic in 

5916
05:11:45,100 --> 05:11:47,600
grounds. 
The environment there, demanded 

5917
05:11:47,600 --> 05:11:51,100
rigor, which suited Tesla's 
capacity for total immersion? 

5918
05:11:51,900 --> 05:11:54,700
He sank his teeth into 
mathematics physics and 

5919
05:11:54,700 --> 05:11:58,100
mechanics with a feverish 
intensity professors noted, his 

5920
05:11:58,100 --> 05:12:01,100
uncanny ability to answer 
complex theoretical questions 

5921
05:12:01,100 --> 05:12:04,300
without referencing textbooks. 
A result of his extraordinary 

5922
05:12:04,300 --> 05:12:09,000
mental visualization, However, 
the spark that truly lit. 

5923
05:12:09,000 --> 05:12:13,500
His imagination was the direct 
current DC electrical Machinery.

5924
05:12:13,500 --> 05:12:17,200
In the school's Labs 
conventional wisdom suggested DC

5925
05:12:17,200 --> 05:12:19,900
was the future of power. 
The Tesla found its 

5926
05:12:19,900 --> 05:12:23,700
inefficiencies, maddening 
observing, how DC motors 

5927
05:12:23,700 --> 05:12:25,600
generated Sparks and wasted 
energy. 

5928
05:12:25,600 --> 05:12:29,500
He questioned how nobody noticed
a better pathway when one 

5929
05:12:29,500 --> 05:12:31,900
Professor pronounced that 
harnessing alternating current 

5930
05:12:31,900 --> 05:12:34,800
AC at scale was an 
impossibility. 

5931
05:12:34,800 --> 05:12:38,800
Tesla resisted, the urge to 
argue instead, he spent late 

5932
05:12:38,800 --> 05:12:41,900
nights in his boarding room 
sketching out rotating magnetic 

5933
05:12:41,900 --> 05:12:45,000
fields in his head if he dozed 
off at all, it was with 

5934
05:12:45,000 --> 05:12:47,000
diagrams. 
Dancing across his eyelids 

5935
05:12:47,000 --> 05:12:51,000
despite his academic prowess. 
Tesla stinting, grass did not 

5936
05:12:51,008 --> 05:12:55,000
end smoothly exhaustion. 
Perhaps an underlying rebellious

5937
05:12:55,000 --> 05:12:58,400
streak contributed to friction 
with University administrators. 

5938
05:12:58,400 --> 05:13:02,400
Who wants Rigdon experiment to 
demonstrate a refined method for

5939
05:13:02,400 --> 05:13:05,700
measuring electric resistance. 
When the apparatus 

5940
05:13:05,700 --> 05:13:08,900
short-circuited Tesla found 
himself facing the wrath of a 

5941
05:13:08,900 --> 05:13:12,200
professor, outraged by 
unorthodox experimentation. 

5942
05:13:12,900 --> 05:13:16,300
Feeling unwelcome Tesla walked 
out leaving conventional 

5943
05:13:16,300 --> 05:13:20,500
Academia behind. 
From grads, Tesla moved to other

5944
05:13:20,500 --> 05:13:23,600
opportunities, including a brief
and often overlooked period in 

5945
05:13:23,608 --> 05:13:26,800
Marburg. 
Now maribor Slovenia there, a 

5946
05:13:26,800 --> 05:13:30,100
shadow seemed to fall over him 
separated, from the camera of 

5947
05:13:30,100 --> 05:13:32,700
classmates. 
Grappled, with bouts of anxiety,

5948
05:13:32,700 --> 05:13:36,600
without structured lab access 
test Tesla turned to solitary 

5949
05:13:36,600 --> 05:13:39,600
experiments tinkering with 
leftover scraps of metal and 

5950
05:13:39,600 --> 05:13:42,500
wire yet. 
The Gloom of isolation Nord at 

5951
05:13:42,500 --> 05:13:46,100
him and he eventually returned 
home for a spell, his confidence

5952
05:13:46,100 --> 05:13:50,500
rattled but not shattered. 
It was in Budapest or working at

5953
05:13:50,500 --> 05:13:53,900
The Budapest telephone exchange.
The Tesla began to regain his 

5954
05:13:53,900 --> 05:13:56,300
footing. 
In that frenetic workspace, he 

5955
05:13:56,300 --> 05:13:59,000
was tasked with improving the 
nascent telephone systems 

5956
05:13:59,000 --> 05:14:03,700
design. one lesson circulated 
story details, how Tesla, once 

5957
05:14:03,700 --> 05:14:07,100
clambered onto a rooftop to 
adjust overhead lines, the 

5958
05:14:07,100 --> 05:14:09,900
lightning flashes, giving him 
new ideas about high frequency, 

5959
05:14:09,900 --> 05:14:13,400
current colleague's regarded him
as eccentric competent, 

5960
05:14:14,000 --> 05:14:16,100
Crucially. 
It was during a routine walk 

5961
05:14:16,100 --> 05:14:19,100
through Budapest city park that 
the notion of the rotating 

5962
05:14:19,100 --> 05:14:21,300
magnetic field crystallized in 
his mind. 

5963
05:14:22,100 --> 05:14:25,200
Inspired by a poem. 
He recited aloud Tesla. 

5964
05:14:25,200 --> 05:14:28,500
Abruptly stopped drew a stick 
from the ground and began 

5965
05:14:28,500 --> 05:14:30,700
tracing swirling diagrams in the
dirt. 

5966
05:14:31,400 --> 05:14:34,100
He explained to His companion. 
How two or more alternating 

5967
05:14:34,100 --> 05:14:37,900
currents out of phase, could 
induce a rotating field capable 

5968
05:14:37,900 --> 05:14:40,400
of spinning a motor that Eureka 
moment. 

5969
05:14:40,400 --> 05:14:43,800
Set the course for his next 
inventions, it was an unveiling 

5970
05:14:43,800 --> 05:14:47,900
of practical AC Concepts in the 
most unassuming of settings, Far

5971
05:14:47,900 --> 05:14:50,100
From Any official laboratory 
shortly. 

5972
05:14:50,100 --> 05:14:53,200
After Tesla found himself with 
an opportunity in Paris working 

5973
05:14:53,200 --> 05:14:56,700
for the Continental, Edison 
Company, his tasks involved, 

5974
05:14:56,700 --> 05:15:00,400
trouble shooting installation of
Edison's DC Systems, the very 

5975
05:15:00,400 --> 05:15:03,500
technology that had vexed him 
back at grades even. 

5976
05:15:03,500 --> 05:15:06,300
So the job introduced him to 
real world engineering 

5977
05:15:06,300 --> 05:15:11,000
challenges and power outages, to
generate a malfunctions like day

5978
05:15:11,000 --> 05:15:13,800
Tesla, tackled these issues, 
becoming something of a 

5979
05:15:13,800 --> 05:15:17,100
specialist in diagnosing, 
electrical breakdowns by night. 

5980
05:15:17,100 --> 05:15:20,900
He refined sketches of his AC 
motor desperately, wishing for 

5981
05:15:20,900 --> 05:15:24,500
the chance to build a prototype.
the interplay between The Daily 

5982
05:15:24,500 --> 05:15:27,300
Grind of DC, Hardware 
maintenance, and the nightly 

5983
05:15:27,300 --> 05:15:30,900
pursuit of AC in Innovation, 
lent Tesla's, life are peculiar 

5984
05:15:30,900 --> 05:15:34,600
Duality, an unresolved tension 
between the present and what he 

5985
05:15:34,600 --> 05:15:37,600
believed the future should be 
well, though, overshadowed by 

5986
05:15:37,600 --> 05:15:41,200
the high drama of late Year's 
These formative experiences 

5987
05:15:41,200 --> 05:15:44,700
taught Tesla resilience, he 
learned how to negotiate limited

5988
05:15:44,700 --> 05:15:47,900
resources, how to observe the 
smallest anomalies and 

5989
05:15:47,900 --> 05:15:51,100
mechanical performance. 
And how to coax Visions from his

5990
05:15:51,100 --> 05:15:55,500
mind into workable sketches. 
More importantly, his confidence

5991
05:15:55,500 --> 05:15:57,800
in the feasibility of AC power 
solidified. 

5992
05:15:57,800 --> 05:16:02,100
Even as he undertook the tedium 
of dc-based assignments, the 

5993
05:16:02,100 --> 05:16:04,400
world around him might have 
regarded a sea as a flight of 

5994
05:16:04,400 --> 05:16:06,200
fancy. 
But in his eyes it was the 

5995
05:16:06,200 --> 05:16:09,200
rightful heir to the electrical 
Throne waiting for its moment to

5996
05:16:09,200 --> 05:16:12,200
shine. 
Tesla's fateful Journey to the 

5997
05:16:12,200 --> 05:16:16,600
United States in 1884 has often 
been romanticized, yet. 

5998
05:16:16,600 --> 05:16:19,500
A host of lesser known details 
in Rich that narrative. 

5999
05:16:19,500 --> 05:16:23,000
He arrived in New York, with 
next to nothing carrying a 

6000
05:16:23,000 --> 05:16:25,100
letter of introduction to 
Thomas, Edison from his former 

6001
05:16:25,100 --> 05:16:28,300
employer in Paris. 
The letter supposedly claimed 

6002
05:16:28,300 --> 05:16:31,200
Tesla was an exceptional 
engineer who would produce 

6003
05:16:31,200 --> 05:16:39,600
wonders in popular Italian but 
in truth their relationship 

6004
05:16:39,600 --> 05:16:43,400
began with cautious respect. 
Edison recognized test Tesla's 

6005
05:16:43,408 --> 05:16:46,700
competence right away and put 
him to work on projects, deemed 

6006
05:16:46,700 --> 05:16:48,500
to intricate or menial for 
others. 

6007
05:16:49,300 --> 05:16:52,700
There's a story one, not widely 
circulated, the Tesla fixed to 

6008
05:16:52,700 --> 05:16:54,300
defective shipboard lighting 
system. 

6009
05:16:55,100 --> 05:16:57,600
Saving Edison's company from 
contract penalties. 

6010
05:16:58,300 --> 05:16:59,800
Tesla. 
Never used it as Leverage. 

6011
05:17:00,600 --> 05:17:05,000
Still Edison noticed intrigued 
by Tesla's meticulous approach. 

6012
05:17:05,000 --> 05:17:10,100
He assigned him to redesign DC, 
generators Tesla toiled day. 

6013
05:17:10,100 --> 05:17:12,500
And night, confident, his 
improvements would prove their 

6014
05:17:12,500 --> 05:17:15,700
worth and they did. 
But when he sought remuneration 

6015
05:17:15,700 --> 05:17:19,300
misunderstandings piled up, it 
wasn't a single dispute. 

6016
05:17:19,300 --> 05:17:23,800
Over a massive bonus, more, a 
pattern of unkept promises and 

6017
05:17:23,800 --> 05:17:27,800
blurred expectations. 
By early 1885, the veneer of 

6018
05:17:27,800 --> 05:17:31,400
cordiality of evaporated and 
Tesla left Edison's employee. 

6019
05:17:32,400 --> 05:17:34,400
That was the Genesis of a 
rivalry later. 

6020
05:17:34,400 --> 05:17:38,400
Amplified by newspapers driven 
more by conflicting Technologies

6021
05:17:38,400 --> 05:17:42,300
than personal hatred, Financial 
troubles to set, Tesla almost 

6022
05:17:42,300 --> 05:17:45,100
immediately with few 
acquaintances in New York. 

6023
05:17:45,100 --> 05:17:47,600
He found himself digging ditches
for two dollars a day. 

6024
05:17:47,608 --> 05:17:52,000
It might have been that physical
labor under a harsh Sun, that 

6025
05:17:52,000 --> 05:17:55,700
sharpened, his resolve and told 
a friend that while his body dug

6026
05:17:55,700 --> 05:18:00,000
ditches his mind was far away to
describing a elliptical arcs of 

6027
05:18:00,008 --> 05:18:02,300
thought. 
Where some might have fallen 

6028
05:18:02,300 --> 05:18:05,500
into despair. 
Tesla saw an interval to refine 

6029
05:18:05,500 --> 05:18:08,700
his intended path. 
That path led to the formation 

6030
05:18:08,700 --> 05:18:10,700
of Tesla electric light and 
Manufacturing. 

6031
05:18:10,700 --> 05:18:14,700
His first entrepreneurial 
venture in America, he secured 

6032
05:18:14,700 --> 05:18:17,900
backers, who at first promised 
to let him develop Arc Lighting 

6033
05:18:17,900 --> 05:18:20,300
systems and eventually his 
prized AC Motors. 

6034
05:18:20,300 --> 05:18:23,900
However, once Tesla delivered an
efficient Arc lighting solution,

6035
05:18:23,900 --> 05:18:28,000
those investors showed no 
interest in AC Capital wanted 

6036
05:18:28,000 --> 05:18:30,800
quick returns, not imaginative 
leaps. 

6037
05:18:30,800 --> 05:18:34,500
Frustrated, Tesla found himself 
pushed out to the very company 

6038
05:18:34,500 --> 05:18:37,900
bearing, his name This episode 
left him, wary of business 

6039
05:18:37,900 --> 05:18:40,800
Partnerships and taught him that
investors valued immediate 

6040
05:18:40,800 --> 05:18:44,400
profit over long-term Vision. 
Undeterred, Tesla began to 

6041
05:18:44,400 --> 05:18:47,300
demonstrate his, a sea motor 
concept and small lecture halls 

6042
05:18:47,300 --> 05:18:49,400
around the city. 
One venue. 

6043
05:18:49,400 --> 05:18:52,200
The back room of a modest 
Manhattan building had an 

6044
05:18:52,200 --> 05:18:56,400
audience of barely 20 people. 
But among them was Alfred ESP 

6045
05:18:56,400 --> 05:18:58,800
Browne. 
The Westin Union superintendent 

6046
05:18:58,800 --> 05:19:03,700
who recognized Tesla's potential
another backer Charles Peck also

6047
05:19:03,700 --> 05:19:07,900
attended Together, they formed a
partnership with Tesla pledging 

6048
05:19:07,900 --> 05:19:11,700
to support his AC technology. 
These unglamorous, session's 

6049
05:19:11,700 --> 05:19:14,100
laid vital groundwork for 
Tesla's next breakthrough. 

6050
05:19:14,100 --> 05:19:18,300
Soon with Newfound supporters. 
Tesla established a laboratory 

6051
05:19:18,300 --> 05:19:22,900
at 89 Liberty Street Manhattan. 
Amid coils of wire and 

6052
05:19:22,900 --> 05:19:25,300
improvised setups you tinkered. 
Relentlessly. 

6053
05:19:25,300 --> 05:19:28,000
The space was cramped but 
offered freedom. 

6054
05:19:28,700 --> 05:19:31,400
He constructed prototypes of the
polyphase, AC motor 

6055
05:19:31,400 --> 05:19:34,800
painstakingly refining them 
until they could run smoothly 

6056
05:19:34,800 --> 05:19:37,400
under load. 
Maintaining a consistent 

6057
05:19:37,400 --> 05:19:40,700
rotating, magnetic field, was 
one challenge, ensuring it 

6058
05:19:40,708 --> 05:19:42,400
didn't damage the apparatus over
time. 

6059
05:19:42,400 --> 05:19:47,300
Was another Tesla, tackled each,
obstacle systematically relying 

6060
05:19:47,300 --> 05:19:51,400
on mental simulations before any
real world tests, one anecdote 

6061
05:19:51,400 --> 05:19:53,700
from this period. 
Recounts Tesla experimenting 

6062
05:19:53,700 --> 05:19:56,600
with high-speed turbines that 
let out a nerving wines. 

6063
05:19:57,500 --> 05:20:00,900
Passes by grew where he 
prompting multiple visits from 

6064
05:20:00,900 --> 05:20:03,700
the local fire brigade, after 
neighbors, complained of Sparks.

6065
05:20:04,500 --> 05:20:08,300
Tesla oblivious to the fuss 
would apologize earnestly. 

6066
05:20:08,300 --> 05:20:10,700
Then resumed his adjustments. 
The moment they left. 

6067
05:20:11,600 --> 05:20:14,700
Such episode's highlight his 
tendency to live almost entirely

6068
05:20:14,700 --> 05:20:18,200
in his realm of ideas, paying 
little heed to outside alarm. 

6069
05:20:18,200 --> 05:20:21,500
While public fascination with 
the electricity, was on the rise

6070
05:20:21,500 --> 05:20:23,800
spurred by the novelty of 
electric lights. 

6071
05:20:23,800 --> 05:20:27,200
Most industrialists, still 
viewed a sea with caution. 

6072
05:20:28,200 --> 05:20:31,300
Tesla's goal was not simply to 
make a sea Motors feasible, but 

6073
05:20:31,300 --> 05:20:33,900
to persuade key players that 
this technology was reliable 

6074
05:20:33,900 --> 05:20:38,000
safe and profitable. 
Each small success in his lab 

6075
05:20:38,000 --> 05:20:40,700
bolstered. 
His resolve inching him closer 

6076
05:20:40,700 --> 05:20:44,100
to a grand future shaped by 
alternating current truly 

6077
05:20:44,100 --> 05:20:48,400
Unstoppable. 
By 1888 Tesla was ready to 

6078
05:20:48,400 --> 05:20:51,800
unveil his AC motor to the world
and the venue was the American 

6079
05:20:51,800 --> 05:20:53,500
Institute of electrical 
engineers. 

6080
05:20:54,700 --> 05:20:57,400
While typical accounts highlight
the significance of the event. 

6081
05:20:57,400 --> 05:21:00,400
Few explore, the hushed. 
Excitement that filled that 

6082
05:21:00,400 --> 05:21:03,900
lecture hall, attendees 
included, professors journalists

6083
05:21:03,900 --> 05:21:07,200
and Industrial Titans. 
All a buzz with talk of a new 

6084
05:21:07,208 --> 05:21:10,700
era in electrical distribution. 
Some were openly skeptical 

6085
05:21:10,700 --> 05:21:13,400
others arrived hoping to witness
the demise of what they 

6086
05:21:13,400 --> 05:21:17,500
considered an Impossible Dream. 
Tesla walked onto the stage with

6087
05:21:17,500 --> 05:21:20,700
a calm demeanor, unveiling, his 
motor and discussing its 

6088
05:21:20,700 --> 05:21:22,600
principles with methodical 
precision. 

6089
05:21:23,400 --> 05:21:26,300
Crucially in the audience, sat 
George Westinghouse who had 

6090
05:21:26,308 --> 05:21:28,200
embraced AC for power 
transmission. 

6091
05:21:29,200 --> 05:21:32,400
Impressed by Tesla's Clarity and
the elegance and play of his 

6092
05:21:32,400 --> 05:21:35,400
motor Westinghouse. 
Quickly reached out in 

6093
05:21:35,400 --> 05:21:37,900
negotiations. 
He purchased Tesla's patents for

6094
05:21:37,900 --> 05:21:40,900
a substantial sum and promised 
royalties for every horse power 

6095
05:21:40,900 --> 05:21:44,500
generated by his invention. 
While mainstream retellings 

6096
05:21:44,500 --> 05:21:47,000
mentioned, the deal. 
The Nuance of the discussion's 

6097
05:21:47,000 --> 05:21:50,700
shaped by Tesla's vision for 
future expansion of AC off often

6098
05:21:50,700 --> 05:21:54,500
remains overlooked With 
westinghouse's backing Tesla, 

6099
05:21:54,500 --> 05:21:57,600
moved into a well-resourced 
facility in Pittsburgh to refine

6100
05:21:57,600 --> 05:21:59,200
his designs for commercial 
production. 

6101
05:22:00,400 --> 05:22:02,900
The cultural shift from his 
Liberty Street lab to an 

6102
05:22:02,900 --> 05:22:06,600
industrial setting was Stark. 
Tesla sought perfect Synergy of 

6103
05:22:06,600 --> 05:22:09,700
frequency and voltage, while 
corporate Engineers focused on 

6104
05:22:09,700 --> 05:22:13,200
standardized Parts despite 
tension, seeing his Motors 

6105
05:22:13,200 --> 05:22:16,100
mass-produced. 
Thrilled him, he was elated when

6106
05:22:16,100 --> 05:22:19,600
AC systems lit, parts of the 
1893 World Columbian. 

6107
05:22:19,600 --> 05:22:23,200
Exposition in Chicago, 
showcasing a cityscape of glow 

6108
05:22:23,200 --> 05:22:26,200
with alternating current 
courtesy of Westinghouse and 

6109
05:22:26,200 --> 05:22:28,700
Tesla. 
A lesson known interlude 

6110
05:22:28,700 --> 05:22:32,900
occurred when Tesla visited 
Niagara Falls to serve the plan,

6111
05:22:32,900 --> 05:22:36,700
hydroelectric station standing 
at the brink of the Thundering 

6112
05:22:36,700 --> 05:22:39,200
Cascade. 
He reportedly Muse that 

6113
05:22:39,200 --> 05:22:42,700
harnessing, such power would 
reflect Humanity's harmony with 

6114
05:22:42,700 --> 05:22:45,800
nature. 
When it went on line, delivering

6115
05:22:45,800 --> 05:22:50,100
electricity as far as Buffalo, 
it proved ACS potency yet the 

6116
05:22:50,100 --> 05:22:53,600
war of the currents fueled by 
Edison's campaign labeling, AC, 

6117
05:22:53,600 --> 05:22:56,200
dangerous cast Shadows on these 
achievements. 

6118
05:22:56,900 --> 05:22:59,800
Edison's allies staged gruesome 
demonstrations. 

6119
05:22:59,800 --> 05:23:03,100
Electrocuting animals to 
highlight Aces hazards. 

6120
05:23:03,100 --> 05:23:06,700
Tesla though offended voided. 
Direct public attacks. 

6121
05:23:06,700 --> 05:23:10,400
Instead, he showcased Aces 
safety and flamboyant ways. 

6122
05:23:10,400 --> 05:23:13,800
Passing high frequency, currents
through himself to light lamps, 

6123
05:23:14,600 --> 05:23:18,200
Newspapers seized on these spec 
circles Tesla, disliked 

6124
05:23:18,200 --> 05:23:20,600
theatrics for mere hype. 
That saw them as necessary to 

6125
05:23:20,600 --> 05:23:24,600
shift perception, Tesla's 
finances, briefly soared his 

6126
05:23:24,600 --> 05:23:27,800
arrangement with Westinghouse 
promised substantial gains as AC

6127
05:23:27,800 --> 05:23:30,400
spread. 
However, Westinghouse soon faced

6128
05:23:30,400 --> 05:23:32,800
Financial strain from the 
Niagara project and Market 

6129
05:23:32,800 --> 05:23:35,100
fluctuations. 
When Bankers threatened, the 

6130
05:23:35,100 --> 05:23:37,800
Westinghouse company. 
Tesla made a dramatic Choice. 

6131
05:23:37,800 --> 05:23:41,100
He released Westinghouse from 
the heavy royalty agreement. 

6132
05:23:41,900 --> 05:23:45,200
Some theaters altruism others, 
suspect, that he believed 

6133
05:23:45,200 --> 05:23:48,500
broader, AC adoption would bring
even greater, well, down the 

6134
05:23:48,500 --> 05:23:51,300
line. 
Either way, this decision cost 

6135
05:23:51,300 --> 05:23:54,500
him. 
Millions that shifted Tesla's 

6136
05:23:54,500 --> 05:23:57,100
partnership. 
With Westinghouse, meanwhile his

6137
05:23:57,100 --> 05:24:00,600
growing celebrity pushed him to 
chase in your ideas fascinated 

6138
05:24:00,600 --> 05:24:02,700
by high frequency, currents, and
wireless power. 

6139
05:24:02,700 --> 05:24:05,600
You've had that AC power 
distribution, was only a 

6140
05:24:05,600 --> 05:24:08,400
starting point. 
His pivot from danger to 

6141
05:24:08,400 --> 05:24:12,000
Visionary signal, the dawn of a 
new phase yet the transition was

6142
05:24:12,000 --> 05:24:16,300
uneasy industry leaders wanted 
market-ready products not Grand 

6143
05:24:16,300 --> 05:24:20,700
at Tesla ever. 
The dreamer earn to break down 

6144
05:24:20,700 --> 05:24:24,900
trees This Clash set the stage 
for his most audacious projects,

6145
05:24:24,900 --> 05:24:28,100
some of which risk isolated him 
from commercial backers. 

6146
05:24:28,100 --> 05:24:32,700
Even so, as a sea quietly became
the worldwide, standard Tesla's 

6147
05:24:32,700 --> 05:24:34,600
decisive role, could not be 
denied. 

6148
05:24:35,400 --> 05:24:38,900
He had toppled the seemingly 
immovable dies, regime and paved

6149
05:24:38,900 --> 05:24:41,100
the road for an era defined by 
alternating current. 

6150
05:24:41,800 --> 05:24:44,500
A feat that left him eager to 
explore even more Uncharted 

6151
05:24:44,500 --> 05:24:47,300
Terrain. 
These winds fueled Tesla's. 

6152
05:24:47,300 --> 05:24:51,000
Restless imagination propelling,
further innovation, By the 

6153
05:24:51,008 --> 05:24:55,200
mid-1890s Tesla had garnered a 
reputation as an inventor who 

6154
05:24:55,200 --> 05:24:58,700
might rewrite the laws of nature
with each new contrivance in 

6155
05:24:58,700 --> 05:25:01,400
truth. 
His methods combined meticulous 

6156
05:25:01,400 --> 05:25:04,200
trial and error with knights of 
solitary reflection. 

6157
05:25:04,200 --> 05:25:07,700
He fashioned Advanced coils to 
produce high voltage. 

6158
05:25:07,700 --> 05:25:11,900
High frequency, alternating 
currents, creating dramatic arcs

6159
05:25:11,900 --> 05:25:14,800
of artificial lightning. 
While crowds flocked to watch 

6160
05:25:14,808 --> 05:25:17,400
his public lectures in 
Manhattan, Tesla was growing 

6161
05:25:17,400 --> 05:25:20,600
Restless longing for a place 
where he could attempt even 

6162
05:25:20,600 --> 05:25:23,600
bigger experiments unencumbered 
by City constraints. 

6163
05:25:24,600 --> 05:25:28,500
That desire took him to Colorado
Springs in 1899 perched at a 

6164
05:25:28,508 --> 05:25:30,400
higher altitude. 
With thinner are helped 

6165
05:25:30,400 --> 05:25:32,500
facilitate certain high voltage 
tests. 

6166
05:25:32,500 --> 05:25:35,100
The remote location was an ideal
Laboratory. 

6167
05:25:36,100 --> 05:25:38,400
He set up shop at the edge of 
town building, a structure 

6168
05:25:38,400 --> 05:25:42,200
equipped with a tall, Mast 
jutting above the roofline local

6169
05:25:42,200 --> 05:25:45,300
spoke in hushed tones about 
lightning machines and Eerie 

6170
05:25:45,300 --> 05:25:48,700
after dark glows, some worried 
about potential catastrophe. 

6171
05:25:48,700 --> 05:25:51,700
Well, others were simply curious
about the lanky figure who 

6172
05:25:51,700 --> 05:25:55,000
wandered fields at odd hours. 
Studying the interplay of 

6173
05:25:55,008 --> 05:25:58,800
natural lightning. 
Inside that Workshop Tesla, 

6174
05:25:58,800 --> 05:26:02,400
probed Frontiers that mainstream
scientists had scarcely imagined

6175
05:26:02,400 --> 05:26:06,000
he fixated on the Resonance of 
Earth's ionosphere believing 

6176
05:26:06,000 --> 05:26:08,900
signals could be beamed 
wirelessly across vast distances

6177
05:26:08,900 --> 05:26:12,600
if properly tuned according to 
diary entries he meticulously 

6178
05:26:12,600 --> 05:26:17,000
recorded Every Spark every 
flash, every ear-splitting crack

6179
05:26:17,000 --> 05:26:19,200
of artificial Thunder on 
occasion. 

6180
05:26:19,200 --> 05:26:22,200
He produced such intense 
discharges that the crackle 

6181
05:26:22,200 --> 05:26:25,500
could be heard for miles. 
One account claims that he 

6182
05:26:25,500 --> 05:26:28,900
caused the local power stations 
generated to overheat prompting,

6183
05:26:28,900 --> 05:26:31,400
a short lived blackout ever the 
polite. 

6184
05:26:31,400 --> 05:26:35,600
Guest Tesla apologized, then 
resumed tinkering in Colorado, 

6185
05:26:35,600 --> 05:26:39,800
Tesla crystallized his Grand 
Vision, A system of Global 

6186
05:26:39,800 --> 05:26:42,200
Wireless communication and power
distribution. 

6187
05:26:42,200 --> 05:26:46,900
The townspeople hearing rumors 
of free electricity speculated, 

6188
05:26:46,900 --> 05:26:48,600
he might Supply Power at no 
cost. 

6189
05:26:48,600 --> 05:26:51,300
Tesla's goals. 
However, were subtler. 

6190
05:26:52,000 --> 05:26:54,400
He pictured networks of towers 
resonating with the Earth's 

6191
05:26:54,400 --> 05:26:57,200
natural electrical charge 
carrying Voice or energy 

6192
05:26:57,200 --> 05:26:59,900
anywhere. 
This concept was a precursor to 

6193
05:26:59,900 --> 05:27:03,100
technologies that would surface 
decades later from Radio 

6194
05:27:03,100 --> 05:27:06,900
Transmissions to radar and 
Beyond yet life in Colorado was 

6195
05:27:06,900 --> 05:27:09,400
more than just experiments and 
thunderous Arts. 

6196
05:27:09,400 --> 05:27:12,500
Tesla, occasionally, mingled 
with the locals regaling, them 

6197
05:27:12,500 --> 05:27:15,600
with Tales of Europe and his 
early exploits in New York. 

6198
05:27:16,400 --> 05:27:20,000
Despite his eccentric schedule 
he possessed impeccable manners,

6199
05:27:20,000 --> 05:27:23,700
one story recounts how he gave a
personal demo of Wireless lamps 

6200
05:27:23,700 --> 05:27:27,000
to a bewildered blacksmith who 
later insisted Tesla was pulling

6201
05:27:27,000 --> 05:27:31,100
electricity from thin air. 
Such encounters spurred Legends 

6202
05:27:31,100 --> 05:27:33,900
of Tesla as a wizard blending 
science with something like 

6203
05:27:33,900 --> 05:27:37,100
sorcery. 
Still financing these colossal 

6204
05:27:37,100 --> 05:27:42,000
tests drain Tesla's resources 
his main backer JP Morgan had 

6205
05:27:42,000 --> 05:27:43,500
initially supported the wireless
project. 

6206
05:27:43,500 --> 05:27:46,800
Like likely anticipating a 
monopoly on global information 

6207
05:27:46,800 --> 05:27:50,900
but once Morgan realized Tesla's
schemes were far more ambitious 

6208
05:27:50,900 --> 05:27:54,600
and riskier than mere Wireless. 
Telegraphy his enthusiasm 

6209
05:27:54,600 --> 05:27:57,900
cooled. 
Tesla pressed on convinced one 

6210
05:27:57,900 --> 05:28:01,500
decisive demonstration would 
open funding floodgates that 

6211
05:28:01,500 --> 05:28:05,100
breakthrough, however, remained 
a Lucifer newspapers Amplified 

6212
05:28:05,100 --> 05:28:08,400
rumors about Tesla's activities.
Some claiming he was a tempting 

6213
05:28:08,400 --> 05:28:10,600
to Signal distant planets 
though. 

6214
05:28:10,600 --> 05:28:13,400
Tesla did speculate about 
Extra-Terrestrial intelligence, 

6215
05:28:13,400 --> 05:28:17,400
his real focus on terrestrial 
Wireless the lurid headlines. 

6216
05:28:17,408 --> 05:28:20,600
While fueling his Legend did 
little to alleviate his 

6217
05:28:20,600 --> 05:28:25,000
financial pressures eventually. 
Funds ran low forcing Tesla to 

6218
05:28:25,000 --> 05:28:29,500
close the Colorado lab in 1900, 
he left with crates of notes and

6219
05:28:29,500 --> 05:28:32,500
undiminished Zeal convinced. 
He could still bring Wireless 

6220
05:28:32,500 --> 05:28:36,500
power to the masses. 
For townspeople Left Behind the 

6221
05:28:36,500 --> 05:28:40,600
memory of glowing skies and 
roiling static lingered a 

6222
05:28:40,600 --> 05:28:43,200
testament to the spectacular 
possibilities that science could

6223
05:28:43,200 --> 05:28:46,500
conjure. 
For Tesla has Colorado, Springs 

6224
05:28:46,500 --> 05:28:49,800
became a pivotal chapter, a 
Proving Ground, that fortified 

6225
05:28:49,800 --> 05:28:52,200
his belief in the Limitless 
potential of electrical 

6226
05:28:52,200 --> 05:28:53,700
resonance. 
It was there. 

6227
05:28:53,700 --> 05:28:57,200
He most clearly foresaw, a 
connected World boundless by 

6228
05:28:57,200 --> 05:29:00,400
wires than by the atmospheric 
and Earth circling energies. 

6229
05:29:00,400 --> 05:29:04,000
He aimed to harness in hindsight
Colorado was the Overture to his

6230
05:29:04,008 --> 05:29:06,000
next attempt at Global 
electrification. 

6231
05:29:06,000 --> 05:29:09,200
An attempt that would manifest 
in the Towering outline of 

6232
05:29:09,200 --> 05:29:10,800
warden cliff on Long Island 
Shores. 

6233
05:29:11,800 --> 05:29:15,400
Upon returning to New York Tesla
Consolidated, his finding from 

6234
05:29:15,400 --> 05:29:18,600
Colorado Springs into an 
audacious new Venture, the 

6235
05:29:18,600 --> 05:29:23,100
warden Cliff Tower project With 
Finance from JP Morgan initially

6236
05:29:23,100 --> 05:29:24,300
obtained. 
Under the premise of 

6237
05:29:24,300 --> 05:29:27,200
groundbreaking Wireless 
telegraphy Tesla purchased land 

6238
05:29:27,200 --> 05:29:30,100
in Shoreham Long Island. 
Overlooking the Atlantic. 

6239
05:29:31,300 --> 05:29:34,600
Construction began in 1901. 
The looming structure. 

6240
05:29:34,600 --> 05:29:36,300
Stood? 
Nearly 87 ft. 

6241
05:29:36,300 --> 05:29:38,700
High topped by bulbous metal 
Dome. 

6242
05:29:38,700 --> 05:29:42,400
An extended deep below ground 
through a network of iron rods 

6243
05:29:42,400 --> 05:29:44,800
many. 
Observers had no idea what to 

6244
05:29:44,808 --> 05:29:48,700
make of it. 
Tesla ever enigmatic preferred 

6245
05:29:48,700 --> 05:29:51,600
sweeping claims about sending 
both signals and energy across 

6246
05:29:51,600 --> 05:29:53,900
continents. 
What often goes unappreciated 

6247
05:29:53,900 --> 05:29:56,600
is, How Deeply Tesla believed in
the underlying physics. 

6248
05:29:57,500 --> 05:30:00,400
His notes show that Warden Cliff
wasn't limited to broadcasting, 

6249
05:30:00,400 --> 05:30:02,800
Telegraph signals, he intended 
it. 

6250
05:30:02,800 --> 05:30:05,700
As the first of many 
transmitters, all resonating 

6251
05:30:05,700 --> 05:30:09,100
with Earth's natural, electrical
cavities to convey messages or 

6252
05:30:09,100 --> 05:30:12,700
even power to any matching 
receiver worldwide in his mind. 

6253
05:30:12,700 --> 05:30:16,200
It wasn't fantasy, it was a 
logical leap from the high 

6254
05:30:16,200 --> 05:30:18,300
voltage experiments. 
He had running Colorado Springs.

6255
05:30:19,200 --> 05:30:22,700
However, the timing was not in 
his favor in the same year that 

6256
05:30:22,700 --> 05:30:25,500
Warden Cliffs skeletal form. 
Emerged from the Treetops. 

6257
05:30:25,500 --> 05:30:28,700
Guly Elmo, Marconi successfully 
conducted the first 

6258
05:30:28,700 --> 05:30:32,400
transatlantic, radio, 
transmission reporters hailed, 

6259
05:30:32,400 --> 05:30:36,900
Marconi as a giant in Wireless. 
Communication Tesla, outraged 

6260
05:30:36,900 --> 05:30:38,900
pointed out that his own patents
on. 

6261
05:30:38,900 --> 05:30:40,700
Alternating current and related 
Technologies. 

6262
05:30:40,700 --> 05:30:44,500
Predated Marconi's work. 
Nevertheless, the public and 

6263
05:30:44,500 --> 05:30:47,300
financiers were smitten with 
Marconi's simpler, more 

6264
05:30:47,300 --> 05:30:51,100
immediately marketable setup. 
Morgan's patients were thin 

6265
05:30:51,100 --> 05:30:55,200
white bankroll testers Tower. 
If Marconi is apparatus suffice 

6266
05:30:55,200 --> 05:30:57,900
for long distant. 
Signaling Warden. 

6267
05:30:57,900 --> 05:31:00,300
Cliff, still incomplete 
hemorrhaged money. 

6268
05:31:00,300 --> 05:31:04,500
The crew building at dwindled, 
salaries went on paid and Tesla 

6269
05:31:04,500 --> 05:31:06,200
found himself. 
Pleading for fresh Capital. 

6270
05:31:06,200 --> 05:31:09,700
Each conversation with Morgan 
ended in Thurston demands for 

6271
05:31:09,708 --> 05:31:13,300
tangible proof which Tesla 
couldn't produce fast enough 

6272
05:31:13,300 --> 05:31:17,400
desperate for funds. 
Tesla tried licensing, auxiliary

6273
05:31:17,400 --> 05:31:20,900
invention's turbines pumps and 
even a plan to harness 

6274
05:31:20,900 --> 05:31:23,900
geothermal heat. 
But investors questioned his 

6275
05:31:23,900 --> 05:31:27,100
broader intentions where he 
might have pivot their money 

6276
05:31:27,100 --> 05:31:30,400
into the tower as Financial 
constraints tightened. 

6277
05:31:30,400 --> 05:31:33,000
Warden Clifford remained, a half
realized vision. 

6278
05:31:34,200 --> 05:31:38,400
By 1905, the site was 
effectively deserted the tower. 

6279
05:31:38,400 --> 05:31:41,900
A silent Monument to Tesla's 
Ambitions and the shifting tides

6280
05:31:41,900 --> 05:31:44,800
of investor faith during these 
Bleak years. 

6281
05:31:44,800 --> 05:31:48,700
Tesla's public Persona grew more
eccentric, journalists 

6282
05:31:48,700 --> 05:31:51,800
occasionally interviewed him 
only to hear about proposals for

6283
05:31:51,800 --> 05:31:56,400
death Rays or atmospheric power 
rumors circulated that he was 

6284
05:31:56,400 --> 05:31:59,700
becoming a recluse. 
Yet, his mind State agile. 

6285
05:32:00,500 --> 05:32:02,600
Continuing to churn out 
possibilities. 

6286
05:32:02,600 --> 05:32:06,200
He saw so solar energy as a 
future Mainstay though. 

6287
05:32:06,200 --> 05:32:08,800
Few listened. 
The industrial World seemed 

6288
05:32:08,800 --> 05:32:12,400
enthralled by an oil and coal. 
While Tesla's music is about 

6289
05:32:12,408 --> 05:32:15,600
sun, powered engines. 
Drew smirks Warden, Cliff was 

6290
05:32:15,600 --> 05:32:17,900
never fully operational and the 
newspapers. 

6291
05:32:17,900 --> 05:32:20,900
Offered little sympathy some 
newspapers, ridiculed him 

6292
05:32:20,900 --> 05:32:23,800
portraying him as an unrealistic
idea list others. 

6293
05:32:23,800 --> 05:32:27,400
Barely mentioned his name 
focusing instead on Marconi's 

6294
05:32:27,400 --> 05:32:32,000
ongoing successes Sting of being
overshadowed, was palpable. 

6295
05:32:32,700 --> 05:32:35,000
Tesla clung to the belief that 
one day the world would 

6296
05:32:35,000 --> 05:32:37,300
recognize the practicality of 
Wireless power. 

6297
05:32:38,000 --> 05:32:41,800
Indeed, later generations would 
adapt many of his principles for

6298
05:32:41,800 --> 05:32:45,000
radio and Beyond. 
But in his time, the towers 

6299
05:32:45,000 --> 05:32:47,900
failure, left him saddled with 
debt and weighed down by public 

6300
05:32:47,900 --> 05:32:51,000
skepticism even. 
So Tesla didn't abandon 

6301
05:32:51,000 --> 05:32:53,600
optimism. 
He often spoke as if Warden, 

6302
05:32:53,600 --> 05:32:57,800
Cliff had simply been delayed, 
not canceled in private, he 

6303
05:32:57,800 --> 05:33:01,400
refined sketches of improved 
transmitters reimagined, the 

6304
05:33:01,400 --> 05:33:05,700
towers design and kept dreaming 
of a worldwide grid of residence

6305
05:33:05,700 --> 05:33:07,900
stations. 
He believed that the planet 

6306
05:33:07,900 --> 05:33:11,000
itself with its vast. 
Electrical potential could be 

6307
05:33:11,008 --> 05:33:13,300
turned into a conduit of 
universal energy. 

6308
05:33:13,300 --> 05:33:16,900
The fact that Society was not 
ready, did little to, dampen his

6309
05:33:16,900 --> 05:33:20,800
conviction despite setbacks 
fragments of Tesla's Vision, 

6310
05:33:20,800 --> 05:33:24,100
crept into later technological. 
Revolution's Wireless 

6311
05:33:24,100 --> 05:33:27,400
communication would evolve in 
Leaps and Bounds over powered by

6312
05:33:27,400 --> 05:33:30,400
the more conventional means 
Concepts like Global 

6313
05:33:30,400 --> 05:33:33,300
connectivity and broadcast 
energy dismissed in Tesla's day,

6314
05:33:33,300 --> 05:33:36,000
surface decades, afterward in 
varying forms. 

6315
05:33:36,000 --> 05:33:39,700
Yet at the dawn of the 20th 
century Tesla faced only 

6316
05:33:39,700 --> 05:33:43,600
mounting bills, evaporating 
capital and a towering away on 

6317
05:33:43,600 --> 05:33:46,700
Long Island. 
The Heartbreak of warden. 

6318
05:33:46,700 --> 05:33:49,900
Cliff marked a turning point 
leaving Tesla to operate mostly 

6319
05:33:49,900 --> 05:33:53,800
on the margins of an industry. 
He had once revolutionized as 

6320
05:33:53,800 --> 05:33:56,100
the 20th century marched on the 
world. 

6321
05:33:56,100 --> 05:33:58,000
Tesla had done so much to 
illuminate. 

6322
05:33:58,000 --> 05:34:02,200
Surged ahead, the AC systems, he
championed became the backbone 

6323
05:34:02,200 --> 05:34:06,000
of modern infrastructure yet, 
Tesla himself slipped from the 

6324
05:34:06,008 --> 05:34:08,900
spotlight, He moved between New 
York hotels. 

6325
05:34:08,900 --> 05:34:12,900
Sometimes leaving unpaid bills 
behind public interviews, grew 

6326
05:34:12,900 --> 05:34:16,500
sparse when he did speak. 
He mentioned theories of beam 

6327
05:34:16,500 --> 05:34:20,400
weapons weather manipulation. 
An advanced propulsion sowing 

6328
05:34:20,400 --> 05:34:23,000
intrigued, even some questioned 
his grasp on reality. 

6329
05:34:24,000 --> 05:34:27,400
But his notebooks to the extent,
they survive reveal how these 

6330
05:34:27,400 --> 05:34:30,200
ideas build on earlier 
experiments rather than mere 

6331
05:34:30,200 --> 05:34:33,500
Whimsy. 
A lesser known facet of Tesla's 

6332
05:34:33,500 --> 05:34:35,100
later. 
Life was his nightly ritual of 

6333
05:34:35,108 --> 05:34:39,300
feeding, pigeons in Bryant Park,
Observers saw a solitary figure 

6334
05:34:39,300 --> 05:34:43,600
scattering seeds by Lamplight 
but Tesla found solace and 

6335
05:34:43,600 --> 05:34:46,700
caring for those birds. 
Claiming a special bond with one

6336
05:34:46,700 --> 05:34:49,800
white pigeon in particular. 
It may have seemed an odd 

6337
05:34:49,800 --> 05:34:53,600
Pastime for a renowned inventor 
yet, it reflected a familiar 

6338
05:34:53,600 --> 05:34:56,300
pattern Tesla's deep empathy for
natural. 

6339
05:34:56,300 --> 05:35:01,100
Phenomena creatures included. 
Meanwhile, patent disputes raged

6340
05:35:01,100 --> 05:35:04,400
over the origins of radio. 
Tesla had filed patents before 

6341
05:35:04,400 --> 05:35:07,700
Marconi's breakthroughs yet. 
Marconi was lauded for bringing 

6342
05:35:07,700 --> 05:35:09,600
Wireless transmission into the 
mainstream. 

6343
05:35:10,800 --> 05:35:13,000
The legal entanglements dragged 
on for years. 

6344
05:35:13,000 --> 05:35:18,400
In 1943, the US Supreme Court 
finally recognized Tesla's 

6345
05:35:18,400 --> 05:35:21,100
priority for peace. 
Certain critical radio patents. 

6346
05:35:21,800 --> 05:35:24,500
Though, this Vindication arrived
too late to alter his financial 

6347
05:35:24,500 --> 05:35:27,100
Straits. 
He was never able to capitalize 

6348
05:35:27,100 --> 05:35:30,200
on the official ruling nor did 
it quell, The public's 

6349
05:35:30,200 --> 05:35:32,400
Association of radio primarily 
with Marconi. 

6350
05:35:33,500 --> 05:35:36,200
Tesla spent his final stretch of
Life at the New Yorker Hotel. 

6351
05:35:36,200 --> 05:35:40,200
Though, short on funds, he still
scrolled ideas on scraps of 

6352
05:35:40,200 --> 05:35:44,400
paper proposing, cosmic ray 
engines and new power methods. 

6353
05:35:44,400 --> 05:35:46,600
Visitors, who managed to see 
him? 

6354
05:35:46,600 --> 05:35:48,400
Might find him animated and 
eloquent. 

6355
05:35:49,200 --> 05:35:52,200
Speaking in polished tones About
harnessing the energy of the Sun

6356
05:35:52,200 --> 05:35:55,000
or channeling power from the 
Earth's magnetic field. 

6357
05:35:56,000 --> 05:35:59,100
He believed that her telephone 
beam could end War by making 

6358
05:35:59,100 --> 05:36:03,100
National borders in penetrable. 
To many these Notions sounded 

6359
05:36:03,100 --> 05:36:06,500
impossible yet Tesla's. 
Track record left room to wonder

6360
05:36:07,400 --> 05:36:12,700
When he passed away on January 
7th of 1943 in room, 3327, he 

6361
05:36:12,700 --> 05:36:15,300
left behind boxes of documents 
that soon, became the subject of

6362
05:36:15,300 --> 05:36:18,800
intense scrutiny authorities 
seized some of his papers 

6363
05:36:18,800 --> 05:36:21,800
fuelling Rumours of hidden 
innovation's, or weapons to 

6364
05:36:21,800 --> 05:36:23,100
dangerous for public 
consumption. 

6365
05:36:23,100 --> 05:36:27,100
Conspiracy theories. 
Flourished, while the reality 

6366
05:36:27,100 --> 05:36:30,700
likely involved routine, 
security concerns the secrecy 

6367
05:36:30,700 --> 05:36:34,800
lent, Mystique to Tesla's Legacy
It became hard to disentangle 

6368
05:36:34,800 --> 05:36:37,400
fact from folklore over the 
decades. 

6369
05:36:38,300 --> 05:36:40,700
Tesla standing in popular 
Consciousness swung wildly 

6370
05:36:40,700 --> 05:36:45,100
Edison's name overshadowed his 
for a time especially in school 

6371
05:36:45,100 --> 05:36:49,000
textbooks only later did your 
movements rise to credit Tesla 

6372
05:36:49,000 --> 05:36:52,400
for his revolutionary 
contributions, to AC power radio

6373
05:36:52,400 --> 05:36:56,000
technology and more modern 
Engineers scientists. 

6374
05:36:56,000 --> 05:36:58,600
And curious lay people 
uncovered, his patents and 

6375
05:36:58,600 --> 05:37:02,100
writings marveling at how he'd 
anticipated entire fields of 

6376
05:37:02,100 --> 05:37:05,300
inquiry from robotics to 
wireless communication. 

6377
05:37:06,200 --> 05:37:08,500
His pioneering theories on 
residents and frequency. 

6378
05:37:08,500 --> 05:37:11,400
All informed aspects of modern 
electronics, though. 

6379
05:37:11,400 --> 05:37:14,600
That debt was seldom 
acknowledged until much later in

6380
05:37:14,600 --> 05:37:18,400
daily life. 
Tesla's true genius shines in 

6381
05:37:18,400 --> 05:37:21,900
the simplest of ways flies, 
which and you reap. 

6382
05:37:21,900 --> 05:37:25,800
The benefits of alternating 
current use wireless devices and

6383
05:37:25,800 --> 05:37:28,600
you operate on a principal Tesla
believed could reach across the 

6384
05:37:28,600 --> 05:37:31,600
planet. 
The Synergy envisioned between 

6385
05:37:31,600 --> 05:37:34,000
inventor nature and the 
Unstoppable. 

6386
05:37:34,000 --> 05:37:37,200
March of progress remains a 
potent, reminder of how one 

6387
05:37:37,200 --> 05:37:39,300
brilliant mind can shape hole 
errors. 

6388
05:37:40,000 --> 05:37:44,500
Tesla story is above all a study
and perseverance and Paradox. 

6389
05:37:44,500 --> 05:37:47,200
He shunned the pursuit of wealth
yet needed Capital to 

6390
05:37:47,200 --> 05:37:49,900
materialize his dreams. 
He relished public 

6391
05:37:49,900 --> 05:37:52,700
demonstrations yet. 
Often worked Alone lost in 

6392
05:37:52,700 --> 05:37:56,000
interior worlds. 
He was both lauded and dismissed

6393
05:37:56,000 --> 05:37:59,400
recognized as a key figure in an
electrifying, the modern world 

6394
05:37:59,400 --> 05:38:01,500
yet. 
Branded at times as an 

6395
05:38:01,500 --> 05:38:04,000
eccentric, on the fringes of 
acceptable science. 

6396
05:38:04,700 --> 05:38:08,900
Even so, he left an imprint 
rivaled by few long after his 

6397
05:38:08,900 --> 05:38:11,600
death. 
The hum of AC power lines, the 

6398
05:38:11,600 --> 05:38:15,300
glow of electric lamps and the 
chirp of Wireless signals Echo 

6399
05:38:15,300 --> 05:38:18,300
test Tesla's influence. 
He never saw the breadth of his 

6400
05:38:18,300 --> 05:38:21,800
Triumph in person, yet the 
future, he glimpsed was Not Mere

6401
05:38:21,800 --> 05:38:24,300
fantasy. 
It was an inevitable extension 

6402
05:38:24,300 --> 05:38:26,500
of the forces, he harnessed so 
elegantly. 

6403
05:38:27,400 --> 05:38:30,000
And though the man himself 
passed in relative, obscurity 

6404
05:38:30,000 --> 05:38:33,800
his ideas still crackle with a 
Vitality that defies the 

6405
05:38:33,800 --> 05:38:35,600
boundaries of time and 
Imagination. 

6406
05:38:36,700 --> 05:38:41,100
In the cool door of February 
12th. 1809 a boy was born in a 

6407
05:38:41,100 --> 05:38:44,800
small one-room log cabin in 
Hardin County, Kentucky an area 

6408
05:38:44,800 --> 05:38:49,500
now, known as LaRue County, his 
name was Abraham Lincoln a name 

6409
05:38:49,508 --> 05:38:51,900
that would one day become 
synonymous with perseverance 

6410
05:38:51,900 --> 05:38:55,400
Justice and the struggle to 
unite divided nation. 

6411
05:38:56,300 --> 05:38:59,200
But on that day he was simply 
the son of Thomas Lincoln and 

6412
05:38:59,200 --> 05:39:01,700
Nancy Hanks. 
Lincoln a humble family living 

6413
05:39:01,700 --> 05:39:05,400
in the rugged Wilderness Abrams 
childhood was one of Simplicity 

6414
05:39:05,400 --> 05:39:10,100
hardship and constant toil His 
father, Thomas was a hardworking

6415
05:39:10,100 --> 05:39:13,600
farmer and Carpenter who taught 
Abraham, the value of Labor, and

6416
05:39:13,600 --> 05:39:17,500
self-sufficiency, his mother, 
Nancy was gentle and kind 

6417
05:39:17,500 --> 05:39:20,000
instilling. 
In young Abraham, a sense of 

6418
05:39:20,008 --> 05:39:23,800
compassion and morality the 
Wilderness around them was vast 

6419
05:39:23,800 --> 05:39:27,200
and unyielding a place where 
survival depended on resilience 

6420
05:39:27,200 --> 05:39:32,000
resourcefulness and community. 
The family lived in a small Log 

6421
05:39:32,000 --> 05:39:34,300
Cabin. 
It's roughy in walls, providing 

6422
05:39:34,300 --> 05:39:37,600
Shelter From the harsh Winters 
and sweltering Summers of the 

6423
05:39:37,600 --> 05:39:41,400
Kentucky Frontier. 
Insight the fire crackled softly

6424
05:39:41,400 --> 05:39:44,600
in the half, its warmth, the 
Comfort against the Chill, that 

6425
05:39:44,600 --> 05:39:46,100
seep through the cracks in the 
wood. 

6426
05:39:47,100 --> 05:39:50,800
Abraham with his lanky frame. 
And curious mind spent his days 

6427
05:39:50,800 --> 05:39:53,100
helping his father. 
With the heavy tasks of clearing

6428
05:39:53,100 --> 05:39:57,600
land chopping wood and planting 
crops Though, life was demanding

6429
05:39:57,600 --> 05:40:01,500
young, Abraham had an insatiable
thirst for knowledge in a world.

6430
05:40:01,500 --> 05:40:03,000
Where formal schooling was 
scared. 

6431
05:40:03,000 --> 05:40:05,000
He read whatever books he could 
find. 

6432
05:40:06,100 --> 05:40:08,700
By the light of a flickering 
candle or the Warm Glow of the 

6433
05:40:08,700 --> 05:40:11,700
half, he poured over the few 
volumes of available to him. 

6434
05:40:12,400 --> 05:40:16,100
The Bible, he stops, fables 
Robinson Crusoe, and Pilgrims 

6435
05:40:16,100 --> 05:40:19,300
Progress. 
Words became his Refuge a 

6436
05:40:19,300 --> 05:40:22,100
gateway to Worlds beyond the 
rough Frontier, he absorbed 

6437
05:40:22,100 --> 05:40:25,200
stories ideas, and knowledge 
shaping. 

6438
05:40:25,200 --> 05:40:27,700
A mind that would one day 
influence the course of a 

6439
05:40:27,700 --> 05:40:30,200
Nation. 
Tragedy struck when Abraham was 

6440
05:40:30,200 --> 05:40:34,100
just nine years old. 
His mother Nancy fell with milk 

6441
05:40:34,100 --> 05:40:36,400
sickness. 
A deadly disease caused by 

6442
05:40:36,400 --> 05:40:39,500
drinking the milk of cows that 
had grazed on poisonous plants. 

6443
05:40:40,300 --> 05:40:43,800
Her passing left avoid in the 
young boys, heart a lost that 

6444
05:40:43,800 --> 05:40:46,000
would shape his empathy and 
understanding of human 

6445
05:40:46,000 --> 05:40:49,200
suffering. 
In the quiet days after her 

6446
05:40:49,200 --> 05:40:53,200
death Abraham and his sister 
Sarah clung to each other for 

6447
05:40:53,200 --> 05:40:56,300
Comfort their bond deepened by 
shared grief. 

6448
05:40:57,200 --> 05:41:00,000
His father remarried, a kind and
supportive woman named, Sarah, 

6449
05:41:00,000 --> 05:41:02,700
Bush Johnson. 
She brought stability to the 

6450
05:41:02,700 --> 05:41:05,000
household and encouraged Abrams,
love of learning. 

6451
05:41:05,900 --> 05:41:10,000
She saw him a boy who was 
different thoughtful, driven and

6452
05:41:10,000 --> 05:41:14,700
destined for something greater 
As the years passed, the family 

6453
05:41:14,700 --> 05:41:16,600
moved to Indiana and later to 
Illinois. 

6454
05:41:17,400 --> 05:41:21,200
The Wilderness was ever present 
but Abraham's dreams extended 

6455
05:41:21,200 --> 05:41:24,600
Beyond the Horizon. 
His hands calloused from hard. 

6456
05:41:24,600 --> 05:41:28,300
Labor would one day hold the 
weight of leadership his mind 

6457
05:41:28,300 --> 05:41:31,100
sharpened by books and 
introspection would one day 

6458
05:41:31,100 --> 05:41:33,600
navigate the complexities of a 
fractured Nation. 

6459
05:41:35,000 --> 05:41:38,900
In his early adulthood Abraham 
worked a series of jobs, he was 

6460
05:41:38,900 --> 05:41:43,100
a rail splitter, a store Clark a
postmaster and a surveyor. 

6461
05:41:43,700 --> 05:41:47,300
Each experience taught him. 
Something new about people work 

6462
05:41:47,300 --> 05:41:52,700
and Society, his natural wit 
humor and storytelling ability, 

6463
05:41:52,700 --> 05:41:54,300
made him beloved among his 
peers. 

6464
05:41:55,200 --> 05:41:58,900
But beneath his easygoing 
demeanor was a man driven by a 

6465
05:41:58,900 --> 05:42:01,000
desire to understand the world 
and make it better. 

6466
05:42:02,500 --> 05:42:05,900
At the age of 21, Abraham began 
to study law. 

6467
05:42:05,900 --> 05:42:11,400
His mind was meticulous his 
sense of justice unwavering He 

6468
05:42:11,400 --> 05:42:15,100
read legal text, tirelessly 
often walking miles to borrow 

6469
05:42:15,100 --> 05:42:17,700
books. 
He passed the bar exam and began

6470
05:42:17,700 --> 05:42:20,400
practicing law. 
Gaining a reputation for honesty

6471
05:42:20,400 --> 05:42:23,600
and integrity. 
His clients trusted him, knowing

6472
05:42:23,600 --> 05:42:26,100
that he would fight for them 
with the same determination that

6473
05:42:26,100 --> 05:42:27,900
had carried him through his own 
hardships. 

6474
05:42:28,600 --> 05:42:31,800
Lincoln's political career began
humbly, he served in the 

6475
05:42:31,808 --> 05:42:35,100
Illinois State Legislature and 
later in the US House of 

6476
05:42:35,100 --> 05:42:39,100
Representatives who was not born
into power or privilege, but his

6477
05:42:39,100 --> 05:42:43,000
commitment to fairness equality 
and justice earned him respect. 

6478
05:42:44,100 --> 05:42:47,300
Spoke out against the expansion 
of slavery, believe in deeply, 

6479
05:42:47,300 --> 05:42:49,200
in the principles of Liberty and
human dignity. 

6480
05:42:50,800 --> 05:42:55,400
In 1860 at the age of 51 
Abraham, Lincoln was elected as 

6481
05:42:55,400 --> 05:42:57,600
the 16th president of the United
States. 

6482
05:42:57,600 --> 05:43:00,700
The nation, he inherited was 
teetering on the edge of 

6483
05:43:00,708 --> 05:43:03,900
collapse, the Deep divide 
between the North and the South 

6484
05:43:03,900 --> 05:43:06,600
over the issue of slavery. 
Had reached a boiling point. 

6485
05:43:07,400 --> 05:43:10,300
Just months after his election, 
the southern states began to 

6486
05:43:10,300 --> 05:43:13,700
succeed and the shadow of Civil 
War loomed large over the 

6487
05:43:13,700 --> 05:43:16,500
country. 
Lincoln faced, this Monumental 

6488
05:43:16,500 --> 05:43:20,500
crisis with steadfast resolve, 
he believed that the union must 

6489
05:43:20,500 --> 05:43:24,600
be preserved that the ideals of 
freedom and equality in Shrine. 

6490
05:43:24,600 --> 05:43:27,100
In the Declaration of 
Independence, must not be lost. 

6491
05:43:27,900 --> 05:43:31,700
His speeches delivered in his 
calm and measured voice sought 

6492
05:43:31,700 --> 05:43:33,900
to heal the nation's wounds even
as War. 

6493
05:43:33,900 --> 05:43:36,800
Erupted, the years of the Civil 
War were grew ruling 

6494
05:43:36,800 --> 05:43:40,500
battlefields were filled with 
the smoke of cannon fire, and 

6495
05:43:40,500 --> 05:43:42,900
the land was stained with the 
sacrifice of thousands. 

6496
05:43:44,000 --> 05:43:47,400
Lincoln carried the weight of 
every decision knowing that the 

6497
05:43:47,400 --> 05:43:51,000
fate of a Nation rested upon his
shoulders, the lines on his face

6498
05:43:51,000 --> 05:43:55,000
deeper and his eyes often heavy 
with the burden of loss. but 

6499
05:43:55,000 --> 05:43:58,300
through it, all he remained 
Resolute driven by a belief in 

6500
05:43:58,300 --> 05:44:02,400
Justice unity and the hope that 
a better world could emerge from

6501
05:44:02,400 --> 05:44:06,600
the chaos, In 1863, Lincoln 
issued the amounts of patient 

6502
05:44:06,600 --> 05:44:10,000
Proclamation declaring that all 
slaves in the Confederate states

6503
05:44:10,000 --> 05:44:12,400
were to be freed. 
He was a bold. 

6504
05:44:12,400 --> 05:44:15,100
Transformative act that 
reshaped, the purpose of the war

6505
05:44:15,100 --> 05:44:17,900
and solidified his legacy as a 
champion of freedom. 

6506
05:44:18,800 --> 05:44:22,800
On April 9th 1865, the civil war
came to an end. 

6507
05:44:22,800 --> 05:44:26,100
The nation was weary, but there 
was hope that healing could 

6508
05:44:26,100 --> 05:44:28,400
begin. 
Yet, Lincoln's story was to end 

6509
05:44:28,400 --> 05:44:30,700
abruptly. 
Just five days. 

6510
05:44:30,700 --> 05:44:34,200
After the wars, conclusion on 
April 14th 1865. 

6511
05:44:34,200 --> 05:44:37,300
He was assassinated while 
attending a play at Ford's 

6512
05:44:37,300 --> 05:44:41,200
Theater in Washington DC His 
life, the journey from a log 

6513
05:44:41,200 --> 05:44:42,800
cabin to the highest office in 
the land. 

6514
05:44:42,800 --> 05:44:47,400
Had come to a tragic end. 
It his legacy, endured the 

6515
05:44:47,400 --> 05:44:51,300
principals, he fought for 
freedom Unity equality would 

6516
05:44:51,300 --> 05:44:55,700
guide the nation forward. 
His words, his actions and his 

6517
05:44:55,700 --> 05:44:59,000
unwavering commitment to Justice
left, an indelible mark on 

6518
05:44:59,008 --> 05:45:02,100
history. 
As you breed deeply. 

6519
05:45:02,100 --> 05:45:05,400
Now let the story of Abraham 
Lincoln settle gently into your 

6520
05:45:05,400 --> 05:45:07,900
mind. 
His life was a testament to 

6521
05:45:07,900 --> 05:45:12,000
resilient to the belief that 
even in the darkest times, hope 

6522
05:45:12,000 --> 05:45:15,300
compassion and perseverance can 
light the way forward. 

6523
05:45:16,300 --> 05:45:19,400
As you drift further into the 
gentle Embrace of sleep, let the

6524
05:45:19,400 --> 05:45:23,100
legacy of Abraham Lincoln settle
like a comforting blanket over 

6525
05:45:23,100 --> 05:45:26,000
your thoughts. 
His journey from the rugged, 

6526
05:45:26,000 --> 05:45:29,000
Frontier to the hallowed Halls 
of the White House, is a 

6527
05:45:29,000 --> 05:45:31,500
reminder of the strength and 
resilience that lives within us.

6528
05:45:31,500 --> 05:45:34,500
All His life teaches us that 
even in times of struggle, 

6529
05:45:34,500 --> 05:45:39,000
compassion and perseverance can 
lead to Hope unity and 

6530
05:45:39,000 --> 05:45:42,400
transformation. 
Picture the quiet landscape of 

6531
05:45:42,408 --> 05:45:46,000
the American frontier. 
The wide open Plains stretching,

6532
05:45:46,000 --> 05:45:49,500
endlessly Beneath The 
star-filled Sky, The air is 

6533
05:45:49,500 --> 05:45:52,400
crisp and cool. 
And the softer Breeze carries 

6534
05:45:52,400 --> 05:45:54,600
with it, the center of wild 
grass and Earth. 

6535
05:45:55,700 --> 05:45:57,500
Of Stillness settles over the 
land. 

6536
05:45:57,500 --> 05:46:00,600
The kind of Stillness that comes
with the end of a long day of 

6537
05:46:00,600 --> 05:46:02,900
toil. 
This is where Lincoln's Journey 

6538
05:46:02,900 --> 05:46:06,600
began for each sunrise and 
sunset shaped a man who would 

6539
05:46:06,608 --> 05:46:10,900
one day guide a nation through 
its Darkest Hours As you breathe

6540
05:46:10,900 --> 05:46:14,100
in deeply feel that same calm 
resilience within you. 

6541
05:46:15,100 --> 05:46:16,700
Steady rhythm of your breath 
mirrors. 

6542
05:46:16,700 --> 05:46:20,000
The gentle sway of the tall 
grasses, their tips shimmering 

6543
05:46:20,000 --> 05:46:22,800
in the pale moonlight Sky above 
his vast. 

6544
05:46:22,800 --> 05:46:26,200
And Serene, a reminder that even
amidst the chaos of Life. 

6545
05:46:26,200 --> 05:46:29,200
There exists. 
A quiet enduring peace. 

6546
05:46:30,100 --> 05:46:33,600
Let this image fill your mind 
with Tranquility a sense of 

6547
05:46:33,608 --> 05:46:35,100
knowing that no matter the 
trials. 

6548
05:46:35,100 --> 05:46:38,400
You face there are strengths to 
be found in perseverance and 

6549
05:46:38,400 --> 05:46:40,800
patience. 
Imagine the crackling of a 

6550
05:46:40,800 --> 05:46:44,200
campfire in the distance. 
It's warm glow of Beacon of 

6551
05:46:44,200 --> 05:46:48,000
comfort, in the Darkness. 
The Flames dance, softly casting

6552
05:46:48,000 --> 05:46:50,000
flickering Shadows, that Sway 
and twist. 

6553
05:46:50,800 --> 05:46:53,300
This fire represents the warmth 
of human connection. 

6554
05:46:53,300 --> 05:46:56,900
The bonds of unity that Lincoln,
so passionately fought to 

6555
05:46:56,900 --> 05:47:00,800
protect Even when the world was 
divided, he held firm to the 

6556
05:47:00,808 --> 05:47:04,000
belief that a nation could heal.
The people could come together 

6557
05:47:04,000 --> 05:47:07,800
despite their differences. 
Lincoln's story, reminds us of 

6558
05:47:07,800 --> 05:47:12,300
The Quiet power of humility, 
empathy, and integrity. in his 

6559
05:47:12,300 --> 05:47:16,000
speeches and letters, he spoke 
not with arrogance but with a 

6560
05:47:16,000 --> 05:47:19,200
deep understanding of human 
nature of the pains and 

6561
05:47:19,200 --> 05:47:23,000
struggles that shape us all His 
words carried the weight of 

6562
05:47:23,000 --> 05:47:25,000
experience of the hope of a 
better tomorrow. 

6563
05:47:25,000 --> 05:47:29,000
They were like, gentle waves, 
lapping against the shores of a 

6564
05:47:29,000 --> 05:47:32,000
fractured Nation. 
Each word, a step toward healing

6565
05:47:32,000 --> 05:47:35,500
and Reconciliation. 
As you lie here, feel yourself, 

6566
05:47:35,500 --> 05:47:38,800
sinking deeper into rest. 
The burden of the day, grow, 

6567
05:47:38,800 --> 05:47:41,700
lighter, like leaves floating 
gently down a stream. 

6568
05:47:41,700 --> 05:47:45,900
The water carries them away. 
Effortlessly leaving behind a 

6569
05:47:45,900 --> 05:47:50,200
surface that is smooth and calm.
Allow your mind to let go of 

6570
05:47:50,200 --> 05:47:54,400
worries, doubts and fears 
knowing that the path forward 

6571
05:47:54,400 --> 05:47:58,100
though, sometimes difficult is 
always illuminated by The Quiet 

6572
05:47:58,100 --> 05:48:01,000
Light Of Hope. 
The soft Whisper Of The Wind 

6573
05:48:01,000 --> 05:48:03,700
Through the Trees mirrors, the 
quiet resolve that Lincoln 

6574
05:48:03,700 --> 05:48:06,700
carried within him. 
His journey was not one of ease,

6575
05:48:06,700 --> 05:48:11,300
but of purpose, each challenge. 
Each setback was met with 

6576
05:48:11,300 --> 05:48:14,900
patience and fortitude. 
He understood that change. 

6577
05:48:14,900 --> 05:48:19,400
Real and Lasting change takes 
time and steady effort in the 

6578
05:48:19,408 --> 05:48:21,800
face of adversity. 
He chose to act with dignity 

6579
05:48:21,800 --> 05:48:25,100
knowing that his choice is would
shape the future for generations

6580
05:48:25,100 --> 05:48:29,700
to come As you drift deeper, 
imagine standing in the 

6581
05:48:29,700 --> 05:48:31,300
Stillness of a forest at 
Twilight. 

6582
05:48:31,300 --> 05:48:34,900
The world is hushed. 
The last rays of sunlight 

6583
05:48:34,900 --> 05:48:38,600
filtering through the branches. 
Casting long, gold and Shadows 

6584
05:48:38,600 --> 05:48:42,100
on the ground. 
This is a place of reflection of

6585
05:48:42,100 --> 05:48:45,800
quiet contemplation. 
The air is filled with the faint

6586
05:48:45,800 --> 05:48:49,500
sound of nature. 
A distant owl, calling softly 

6587
05:48:49,500 --> 05:48:51,900
the rustle of leaves in the 
breeze. 

6588
05:48:52,600 --> 05:48:55,200
Here you feel a connection to 
the world around you. 

6589
05:48:56,000 --> 05:48:59,200
Sense of being part of something
much greater than yourself. 

6590
05:49:00,500 --> 05:49:05,000
Lincoln's life with its moments 
of Triumph and tragedy, is a 

6591
05:49:05,000 --> 05:49:07,900
reminder that each of us has the
power to shape our own legacy. 

6592
05:49:08,600 --> 05:49:12,300
His belief Injustice, a quality 
and unity is a flame that 

6593
05:49:12,300 --> 05:49:15,400
continues to burn. 
A beacon that guides us through 

6594
05:49:15,400 --> 05:49:18,500
the darkness. 
His story encourages us to act 

6595
05:49:18,500 --> 05:49:22,500
with kindness to stand firm in 
our principles and to seek peace

6596
05:49:22,500 --> 05:49:26,400
even in turbulent times. 
Breathe in deeply, the air, 

6597
05:49:26,400 --> 05:49:29,700
filling your lungs with a sense 
of calm and Clarity with each 

6598
05:49:29,700 --> 05:49:32,700
exhale. 
Let go of any tension or unease,

6599
05:49:32,700 --> 05:49:36,900
feel your body, relax further 
each muscle softening your mind,

6600
05:49:36,900 --> 05:49:39,800
becoming lighter. 
The steady rhythm of your heart 

6601
05:49:39,800 --> 05:49:42,500
is like a gentle drum beat 
grounding you in this. 

6602
05:49:42,500 --> 05:49:44,700
Peaceful moment the night in 
Phillips. 

6603
05:49:44,700 --> 05:49:47,400
You now a cocoon of warmth and 
safety. 

6604
05:49:48,300 --> 05:49:51,900
The stars above Shimmer softly 
their lighter reminded that even

6605
05:49:51,900 --> 05:49:54,000
in the vastness of the universe 
you're not alone. 

6606
05:49:54,000 --> 05:49:57,600
Your part of a story that 
stretches across time and space 

6607
05:49:57,600 --> 05:50:00,800
connected to the dreams 
struggles and triumphs of those 

6608
05:50:00,800 --> 05:50:03,700
who came before you As you can 
continue to relax. 

6609
05:50:03,700 --> 05:50:06,900
Let Lincoln story inspire, a 
sense of quiet resolve within 

6610
05:50:06,900 --> 05:50:09,100
you. 
His life is a testament to the 

6611
05:50:09,100 --> 05:50:12,700
idea that courage, empathy and 
perseverance can overcome. 

6612
05:50:12,700 --> 05:50:16,400
Even the greatest challenges, 
his journey, though filled with 

6613
05:50:16,400 --> 05:50:19,800
hardship, ultimately brought 
hope and healing to a Fractured 

6614
05:50:19,800 --> 05:50:22,300
world. 
You too carry that potential 

6615
05:50:22,300 --> 05:50:25,000
within you. 
The power to face challenges 

6616
05:50:25,000 --> 05:50:28,700
with Grace and to find peace in 
the midst of uncertainty. 

6617
05:50:28,700 --> 05:50:31,400
Thank you for joining us tonight
on history and sleep. 

6618
05:50:31,400 --> 05:50:34,500
May the story of Abraham 
Lincoln, fill your dreams with 

6619
05:50:34,500 --> 05:50:37,900
calm strength, and the knowledge
that you are capable of 

6620
05:50:37,900 --> 05:50:39,300
overcoming. 
Any obstacle. 

6621
05:50:39,300 --> 05:50:43,000
Remember to, like, comment and 
subscribe for more soothing 

6622
05:50:43,000 --> 05:50:44,800
stories of History's Greatest 
figures. 

6623
05:50:45,700 --> 05:50:48,700
Now, let go completely. 
The night holds. 

6624
05:50:48,700 --> 05:50:52,300
You gently the Stars. 
Keep watch in your dreams unfold

6625
05:50:52,300 --> 05:50:54,200
like the quiet pages of a story 
book. 

6626
05:50:55,000 --> 05:50:58,400
Sleep deeply knowing that you 
are safe, that you are strong. 

6627
05:50:58,400 --> 05:51:01,000
And that tomorrow holds new 
possibilities. 

6628
05:51:01,000 --> 05:51:04,200
New Paths to explore the new 
moments of peace. 

6629
05:51:05,000 --> 05:51:07,700
As you drift even deeper into 
the comforting depths of sleep, 

6630
05:51:07,700 --> 05:51:10,100
let the quiet strength of 
Abraham. 

6631
05:51:10,100 --> 05:51:11,900
Lincoln's story continued to 
guide you. 

6632
05:51:11,900 --> 05:51:15,000
His journey. 
One marked by perseverance 

6633
05:51:15,000 --> 05:51:18,700
compassion and unwavering 
resolve reminds you that within 

6634
05:51:18,700 --> 05:51:21,500
every moment of Stillness lies 
the potential for growth and 

6635
05:51:21,500 --> 05:51:24,200
healing. 
The night wraps around. 

6636
05:51:24,200 --> 05:51:27,900
You like a warm protective 
Embrace and your mind settles 

6637
05:51:27,900 --> 05:51:29,900
further into a place of deep 
relaxation. 

6638
05:51:31,000 --> 05:51:34,000
Imagine now a gentle breeze 
Whispering through the fields of

6639
05:51:34,008 --> 05:51:37,900
the American Midwest where the 
Tall Grass sways like waves upon

6640
05:51:37,900 --> 05:51:41,300
a sea of green and gold. 
The landscape is bathed in the 

6641
05:51:41,308 --> 05:51:44,600
Silvery light of the Moon. 
Casting Long Shadows that dance 

6642
05:51:44,600 --> 05:51:47,800
across the open Plains. 
This is the land where Lincoln 

6643
05:51:47,800 --> 05:51:51,600
grew up, where he learned the 
value of hard work, the weight 

6644
05:51:51,600 --> 05:51:54,400
of responsibility and the simple
joys of a life. 

6645
05:51:54,400 --> 05:51:57,800
Lived close to Nature. 
The distant sound of a 

6646
05:51:57,800 --> 05:52:00,900
slow-moving River me, and 
through the air, it's Waters 

6647
05:52:00,900 --> 05:52:02,800
reflecting the soft light of the
Stars. 

6648
05:52:02,800 --> 05:52:07,700
Each Ripple is like a thought, 
gentle and fluid carrying away 

6649
05:52:07,700 --> 05:52:11,200
the worries of the day. 
Your standing on the banks of 

6650
05:52:11,200 --> 05:52:15,000
this tranquil River feeling the 
cool damp Earth beneath your 

6651
05:52:15,000 --> 05:52:17,100
feet. 
The water flows, endlessly 

6652
05:52:17,100 --> 05:52:21,100
reminding you that life with all
its challenges and triumphs 

6653
05:52:21,100 --> 05:52:23,700
moves forward in its own steady 
rhythm. 

6654
05:52:24,900 --> 05:52:27,400
In the distance. 
You see a campfire glowing 

6655
05:52:27,400 --> 05:52:32,200
softly, it's flickering Flames. 
Casting a warm Golden Light, the

6656
05:52:32,200 --> 05:52:35,200
warmth of the fire reaches out 
to you offering comfort and 

6657
05:52:35,200 --> 05:52:38,300
reassurance. 
It represents the quiet resolve 

6658
05:52:38,300 --> 05:52:41,300
and in a strength that guided 
Lincoln throughout his life. 

6659
05:52:42,300 --> 05:52:45,200
The Flames dance and sway, 
Whispering stories of 

6660
05:52:45,200 --> 05:52:48,600
perseverance, courage, and the 
enduring power of Hope. 

6661
05:52:49,300 --> 05:52:52,500
Lincoln's life though. 
Filled with challenges and loss 

6662
05:52:52,500 --> 05:52:55,700
was also a testament to the 
beauty of simple Joys. 

6663
05:52:55,700 --> 05:52:59,000
The laughter of loved ones, the 
satisfaction of hard work and 

6664
05:52:59,000 --> 05:53:03,700
the Solace of quiet reflection. 
His humility and integrity even 

6665
05:53:03,700 --> 05:53:06,100
in the face of great adversity, 
remind us. 

6666
05:53:06,100 --> 05:53:08,800
That true strength is not always
loud or forceful. 

6667
05:53:08,800 --> 05:53:12,300
Sometimes it is found in the 
quiet, determination to do, what

6668
05:53:12,300 --> 05:53:14,700
is right? 
As you breathe in deeply. 

6669
05:53:14,700 --> 05:53:17,400
Feel that same sense of quiet 
strength. 

6670
05:53:17,400 --> 05:53:19,800
Fill your being each breath, 
brings with it. 

6671
05:53:19,800 --> 05:53:22,300
A wave of calm washing away, 
tension and worry. 

6672
05:53:23,200 --> 05:53:26,200
With every exhale, you release 
the weight of the day, allowing 

6673
05:53:26,200 --> 05:53:29,000
your mind to sink further into 
the peaceful flow of the night. 

6674
05:53:29,000 --> 05:53:33,400
The world around you is hushed 
the night, filled with a Serene 

6675
05:53:33,400 --> 05:53:36,300
Stillness. 
The stars twinkle softly about 

6676
05:53:36,300 --> 05:53:40,600
like tiny beacons of hope. 
Each one, a reminder of the 

6677
05:53:40,600 --> 05:53:42,800
infinite possibilities that lie 
within you. 

6678
05:53:43,400 --> 05:53:46,800
Their gentle light is a guide 
leading you through the darkness

6679
05:53:46,800 --> 05:53:50,400
and into a place of rest and 
renewal, imagine now that you 

6680
05:53:50,400 --> 05:53:52,100
are walking along a well-worn 
path. 

6681
05:53:52,800 --> 05:53:54,900
The soft grass cushioning, your 
every step. 

6682
05:53:55,700 --> 05:53:58,100
The path. 
Winds gently through a landscape

6683
05:53:58,100 --> 05:54:01,900
of Rolling Hills and quiet. 
Forests each step bringing you 

6684
05:54:01,900 --> 05:54:03,900
closer to a place of complete 
relaxation. 

6685
05:54:05,800 --> 05:54:08,600
The air is cool and refreshing 
filled with the faint scent of 

6686
05:54:08,600 --> 05:54:12,100
Pine and wildflowers. 
The sounds of nature, surround 

6687
05:54:12,100 --> 05:54:15,400
you the rustling of leaves, the 
distant call of a night bird, 

6688
05:54:15,400 --> 05:54:17,500
and the soft murmur of the 
breeze. 

6689
05:54:18,400 --> 05:54:21,600
This path represents your 
journey, the journey that is 

6690
05:54:21,600 --> 05:54:25,600
Uniquely Yours. 
Just as Abraham Lincoln faced 

6691
05:54:25,600 --> 05:54:29,300
his own trials with courage and 
resilience U2 have the strength 

6692
05:54:29,300 --> 05:54:31,600
to navigate what ever challenges
lie before you. 

6693
05:54:32,400 --> 05:54:35,800
The path May Twist and Turn. 
But with each step, your moving 

6694
05:54:35,800 --> 05:54:40,300
forward, growing stronger and 
finding peace Within As you can 

6695
05:54:40,300 --> 05:54:42,800
continue along this path. 
You come to a quiet clearing. 

6696
05:54:42,800 --> 05:54:46,800
The ground is soft and inviting 
the air-filled with a profound 

6697
05:54:46,800 --> 05:54:50,400
sense of Stillness. 
Here, you feel a deep connection

6698
05:54:50,400 --> 05:54:53,200
to the world around you and to 
the quiet power within yourself.

6699
05:54:53,200 --> 05:54:56,900
This is a place of rest. 
A place where you can let go 

6700
05:54:56,900 --> 05:55:01,300
completely knowing that you're 
safe supported and at peace. 

6701
05:55:02,400 --> 05:55:06,200
The night sky stretches above 
you fast and endless, a reminder

6702
05:55:06,200 --> 05:55:08,900
that you are part of something 
much greater than yourself. 

6703
05:55:09,900 --> 05:55:13,100
The gentle of the Stars fills 
you with a sense of wonder and 

6704
05:55:13,100 --> 05:55:15,900
calm, you're exactly where you 
need to be. 

6705
05:55:15,900 --> 05:55:18,900
And In This Moment, everything 
is as it should be. 

6706
05:55:18,900 --> 05:55:22,600
As you settle into this peaceful
clearing, allow yourself to 

6707
05:55:22,600 --> 05:55:24,800
drift even further into the 
depths of sleep. 

6708
05:55:24,800 --> 05:55:29,100
Your breath is slow and steady 
your body relaxed and weightless

6709
05:55:29,100 --> 05:55:33,300
the world Fades away leaving 
only the comforting darkness, 

6710
05:55:33,300 --> 05:55:34,900
and the quiet rhythm of your 
heart.