Working in quantum tech: where are the opportunities for success?

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Hello, and welcome to the Physics World Stories

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podcast.

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I'm Andrew Glester. And in today's episode, we're

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gonna be exploring one of the most fascinating

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fields, which is reshaping the future of computing,

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communication,

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and security.

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That's, of course, quantum technologies.

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We'll be looking mainly at careers in quantum

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and talking to a couple of people with

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ideas about maybe how you could get involved

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in the field.

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This episode is sprung from the feature on

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the physics world website, physics world dot com,

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called taking the leap, how to prepare for

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your future in the quantum workforce. That feature

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includes an interview with Araceli Vinigos Gounas, and

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we'll hear from Araceli

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later in the podcast.

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But first, I wanted to talk to somebody

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whose business

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is right at the heart of quantum technologies.

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But before we do, just one tiny bit

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of explanation.

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A qubit is something you'll hear about in

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this podcast. It's a quantum bit and the

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fundamental unit of information

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in quantum computing,

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just like a bit in classical computer.

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But unlike those bits in regular computers, which

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can either be a 0 or a 1,

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a cubit on the other hand can represent

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not only

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0 or 1, but also any combination of

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both in a superposition,

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with a specific probability of being either 0

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or 1.

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The dramatic improvement over classical computing

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comes from the ability to entangle multiple qubits

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and the vast number of potential combinations

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that that enabled. Later in the podcast, we'll

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hear how quantum computers have the potential with

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this great power to solve challenges

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such as developing green energy and giving more

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efficient tech to power

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AI applications without

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destroying the planet. But here's doctor Matt Hutchings

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from SEEK

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Digital Quantum Computing. That's s double e

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q c. We're SEEK's company that that is

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developing,

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chips

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to scale quantum computers.

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And so we have an integrated chip,

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technology that can that can form, integrated quantum

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processes to ultimately solve,

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IO bottlenecks

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and and key key technical challenges in scaling

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with large large scale quantum computers.

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So that's what the company does.

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I myself,

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run

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our our kind of product side of things.

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So so my goal is to work out

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how to get those chips into,

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quantum computing systems,

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and and developer systems,

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in a in a productized fashion. So what

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are they looking for from our chips,

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and and what what features and and systems

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do we need to develop to support integration?

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IO bottlenecks.

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Oh, yeah. Good question. No.

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You've probably seen,

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well, you may have seen, they're getting more

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more popular to see in in public media

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today, pictures of quantum computers.

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And they are these kind of glorious looking,

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you know, in the most common format, chandeliers,

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that you kinda see where you've got this

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big metal structure and all of these these

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beautiful wires hanging down them.

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And they look very shiny and and and

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very cool,

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but they look very sci fi,

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which is, I think, on purpose,

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you know, from a product staging point of

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view,

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But also in a in very much reality,

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they are

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a science fiction technology. You know, it's incredible

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technology that we're building here.

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And and

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the the current state of the of the

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technology,

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we've proven it works, and we've proven it

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can be built, which is incredible.

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And we've proven you can prioritize something. You

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get them out there. You can you can

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access quantum computers on the cloud.

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But at their at their current format,

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they are these kind of lab experiments on

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steroids. They they've taken what you have in

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a in a lab, and you've kind of

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productized it, made it look pretty,

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and made it look stable.

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But at the end of the day, it's

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it's this lab scale technology that's been that's

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been blown up. So what a quantum computer

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is today is a is a room scale

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system

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Even if they're very, very small quantum computers,

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in in the sense of their power, they're

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still room scale size systems.

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And all of those,

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wires you see in the chandeliers are the

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IO,

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the input, outputs needed to control the quantum

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computer.

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And and today, a single qubit needs an

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order between 2 and and 4

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IOs

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to control it. So this harks back to

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the days of early computers where you can

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kinda remind yourself of those images of of

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the first,

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kind of Colossus systems and and and, you

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know, big computers when they were room scale

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in in our, you know, in the 19

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fifties sixties.

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And, and that was the same issue that

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that every time you added a bit, you

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added a wire.

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And it was coined the the tyranny of

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numbers that that,

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if I every time I had to add

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a a new wire, I also had to

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add,

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you know, a new bit, I added a

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new wire or or or etcetera,

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then then this system's never gonna be manufacturable

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because, you know, we can never plug in

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a 1,000,000 wires, you know, and do that

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regularly.

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And that was the famous phrase that you

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may have heard of from the leader of

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the of Bell Labs at the time that

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said, they looked at this system, and and

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there's only ever gonna be 5 of these

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computers on the planet. And it was miss

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misinterpreted to think that that's not that was

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a a shot against the usefulness of the

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computer. But, no, it was a it was

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a a comment about its manufacturability.

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This was not a manufacturing system. And so

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today, you can see the same thing in

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in quantum computing that they are, you know,

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room scale systems, huge complexity,

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huge number of wires input and outputs to

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to

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to scale them. And and we are, as

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a as a society, able to manufacture them

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at the current scale, but going beyond that

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will just not happen. So

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we are in a situation where

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we need to solve the IO bottlenecks, and

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the best way to do that is to

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integrate as much of the IO on a

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single chip as you can.

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And and that's that was for the classical

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computing, the the integrated circuit, and what we're

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doing the same for the quantum edge. How's

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it going? Oh, extremely well. I mean, I

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think both,

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in the industry, we're seeing huge amount of

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of activity and

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and and progression in quantum computing. So it's

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only accelerating, which is which is fantastic.

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And

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and there's also more

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pull from the from from the the market

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saying wanting access to quantum computers and more

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and more access to more powerful computers.

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So in general, in the industry, we're seeing,

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you know,

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really for really positive forward movement. And then

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for our chips,

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we already released at the early in the

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year our first,

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first ever, you know, digitally controlled integrated chip

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based quantum computer,

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full stack. We opened up to some select

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partners,

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through various UK government grants as well as,

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you know, partners like the National Quantum Computing

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Centre, which are currently having access to that

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that chip. And that was the first, yeah,

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first ever chip technology that was able to

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be integrated with cryogenic qubits at the kind

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of, you know, at the interface stage, you

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know, at the millikelvin stage of these kind

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of most advanced quantum computing systems,

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and and do all functionality of of the

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control of those qubits without, degrading their performance.

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And you were able to then run that

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as a full stack quantum computer, and the

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users weren't able to, you know, were were

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not able to see that there is now

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an integrated process of controlling the quantum computer,

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not not a remote control controller. So that

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that's that's really exciting. And then we're on

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the verge in the end of this year

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to integrate

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more functionality into those chips. And so by

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the end of this year,

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we will have

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a a fully integrated chip technology where we're

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not only controlling the cubits, but we're also

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reading out and we're doing other, you know,

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more advanced functionality.

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So so at that point, we'll have a

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chip technology that that mostly eliminates all of

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the room temperature controllers you need to run

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a a cubit system.

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That's pretty cool. Pretty cool. So but you

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say that the industry are asking for this.

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Who's the industry? Who who is wanting Well,

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I mean, so so users wise,

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we're seeing more

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a lot of demand from academics,

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to use quantum computers. I think, you know,

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they're always the pioneers in using new new

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advanced compute technology.

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We've seen this in across all of the

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industry, particularly, you know, chemistry groups like that.

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They're always wanting to use the most advanced

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compute,

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you can get.

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So we see expanding demand in the academic

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frameworks, but also more in the commercial space.

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So so it used to be, Kate, that

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the fortune

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5 100 companies had, you know, a a

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effort

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measured in the 100 of 1,000

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of of using quantum computers.

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And now that has expanded to, you know,

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multimillion

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dollar efforts,

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where they're consistently spending significant amounts of resource

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using and and running quantum computing applications

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and also bringing in a lot of the

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application development in house. And so they're building

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up bigger teams in house to to support,

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quantum computing application development.

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So we're seeing that in the bigger companies,

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and now that's filtering that into the small,

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even, you know, more conventional kind of companies,

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you know, not necessarily your your giants,

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are also starting to look at what is

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our strategy in quantum computing and what resources

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do we need to be put bringing in

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now,

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to to to be able to take advantage

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of this technology.

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And so, you know, you're you're the biggest

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things that are happening using government tenders to

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open up more local compute for for wider

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groups both in the commercial and and and

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academic frames. But, also, we're seeing more system

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integrators being able to sell and system developers

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selling

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to to private companies,

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and getting these systems into data centers so

275
00:09:58,134 --> 00:10:00,134
the private companies can start to access them.

276
00:10:00,134 --> 00:10:00,634
So

277
00:10:01,120 --> 00:10:02,720
I I would say, though, you know, actually,

278
00:10:02,720 --> 00:10:04,959
we're seeing, you know, still a large emergence

279
00:10:04,959 --> 00:10:07,299
from from academics, but but more and more,

280
00:10:08,240 --> 00:10:10,879
is being pulled from from industry wide itself.

281
00:10:10,879 --> 00:10:11,699
We're talking,

282
00:10:12,159 --> 00:10:13,600
well, I'm talking to you on a laptop.

283
00:10:13,600 --> 00:10:15,105
I don't know what you're on. On. Right?

284
00:10:15,105 --> 00:10:16,085
And it's just

285
00:10:16,465 --> 00:10:18,085
a a fairly standard laptop.

286
00:10:18,784 --> 00:10:21,184
Fairly standard Mac. Yeah. We've had we've had

287
00:10:21,184 --> 00:10:22,565
some issues with connections.

288
00:10:23,024 --> 00:10:25,664
Is there any way in which quantum computing

289
00:10:25,664 --> 00:10:28,065
is gonna be involved in our day to

290
00:10:28,065 --> 00:10:30,384
day lives, or is it gonna be always

291
00:10:30,384 --> 00:10:31,879
at that kind of high end? I would

292
00:10:32,199 --> 00:10:34,440
it's difficult. I mean so I would also

293
00:10:34,440 --> 00:10:36,679
say never say never. Like, there's always this

294
00:10:36,679 --> 00:10:37,899
this idea that that,

295
00:10:38,679 --> 00:10:39,819
we woefully

296
00:10:40,519 --> 00:10:41,259
an overestimate

297
00:10:41,639 --> 00:10:44,199
the the immediate potential of a of a

298
00:10:44,199 --> 00:10:44,860
new technology

299
00:10:45,504 --> 00:10:48,945
and and are impossible to to predict its

300
00:10:48,945 --> 00:10:49,445
ultimate,

301
00:10:49,824 --> 00:10:52,225
you know, value to to society. So it

302
00:10:52,225 --> 00:10:54,464
was the same in classical refute. We we

303
00:10:54,464 --> 00:10:56,464
initially didn't we we thought they were gonna

304
00:10:56,464 --> 00:10:57,365
save the world,

305
00:10:57,690 --> 00:10:59,629
and and then they they didn't.

306
00:11:00,250 --> 00:11:01,850
They they did a lot to get us

307
00:11:01,850 --> 00:11:03,529
in space, which was incredible, and that was

308
00:11:03,529 --> 00:11:04,669
their first use case.

309
00:11:05,690 --> 00:11:07,610
And and that was, you know, justified the

310
00:11:07,610 --> 00:11:10,225
whole development of the technology alone. And then

311
00:11:10,225 --> 00:11:12,804
now we're sitting with the most powerful computers,

312
00:11:12,865 --> 00:11:13,524
you know,

313
00:11:13,904 --> 00:11:15,424
billions of times more powerful than what we

314
00:11:15,424 --> 00:11:17,024
send in the space on our laps, you

315
00:11:17,024 --> 00:11:18,865
know, in our phones, you know, technology that

316
00:11:18,865 --> 00:11:21,125
way. No one could have imagined this, right,

317
00:11:21,424 --> 00:11:23,070
when they were building the computer. So I

318
00:11:23,149 --> 00:11:25,070
think it's impossible to say, you know, a

319
00:11:25,070 --> 00:11:26,509
few, you know, tens of years down the

320
00:11:26,509 --> 00:11:28,350
line, will we have quantum computers sitting in

321
00:11:28,350 --> 00:11:30,029
our phones, and will they be doing something?

322
00:11:30,029 --> 00:11:31,090
Probably. Right?

323
00:11:32,029 --> 00:11:34,269
And will they be impacting us? I would

324
00:11:34,269 --> 00:11:36,190
say so. So I think the ways we'll

325
00:11:36,190 --> 00:11:38,129
see the first impacts to society

326
00:11:38,834 --> 00:11:40,214
are along the lines of,

327
00:11:41,394 --> 00:11:43,334
how will they benefit applications

328
00:11:43,794 --> 00:11:45,095
that that that will have

329
00:11:45,475 --> 00:11:48,115
net effect for for the the general public.

330
00:11:48,115 --> 00:11:49,254
So more invisible,

331
00:11:49,714 --> 00:11:52,019
but but still underlying importance. So, you know,

332
00:11:52,019 --> 00:11:54,580
the first first powerful computers will be able

333
00:11:54,580 --> 00:11:57,379
to to to develop better drugs and things

334
00:11:57,379 --> 00:11:59,379
like that and and have impact in the

335
00:11:59,379 --> 00:12:01,560
in the pharmaceutical and the chemical industry,

336
00:12:02,019 --> 00:12:04,100
which would have knock on effects to society.

337
00:12:04,100 --> 00:12:05,904
So there's a lot of of potential use

338
00:12:05,904 --> 00:12:08,465
cases particularly around green energy and, you know,

339
00:12:08,465 --> 00:12:10,325
how we build more efficient catalyzers

340
00:12:10,865 --> 00:12:13,504
or, catalysts and things like this, which will

341
00:12:13,504 --> 00:12:15,764
have knock on effects to to to society.

342
00:12:16,384 --> 00:12:19,365
And then I guess, ultimately, there's there's emergent

343
00:12:19,425 --> 00:12:22,100
view that that, you know, we're seeing AI

344
00:12:22,160 --> 00:12:24,019
and the importance of AI emerging,

345
00:12:25,360 --> 00:12:27,519
more and more for both, you know, commercial

346
00:12:27,519 --> 00:12:29,759
use cases, but but, you know, standard, you

347
00:12:29,759 --> 00:12:31,540
know, per personal use cases,

348
00:12:31,920 --> 00:12:33,860
and how it can impact our lives. And

349
00:12:33,920 --> 00:12:37,105
and there is early evidence to suggest that

350
00:12:37,105 --> 00:12:39,264
the quantum computers might be able to solve

351
00:12:39,264 --> 00:12:40,565
more efficient AI,

352
00:12:41,024 --> 00:12:43,184
and maybe a more u well, we know

353
00:12:43,184 --> 00:12:45,105
that they're gonna be a more universal computer,

354
00:12:45,105 --> 00:12:47,345
so there is potential that they can also

355
00:12:47,345 --> 00:12:49,764
be a much more efficient scalable AI technology

356
00:12:50,179 --> 00:12:52,179
and take advantage of the exponential power of

357
00:12:52,179 --> 00:12:52,679
scaling,

358
00:12:53,139 --> 00:12:56,019
of the cubits technology underlying it to really

359
00:12:56,019 --> 00:12:58,519
make AI scaling. So so today, you're seeing

360
00:12:58,659 --> 00:13:00,819
huge pull in AI, and it's having a

361
00:13:00,819 --> 00:13:03,059
massive knock on effect of our of our

362
00:13:03,059 --> 00:13:05,605
energy consumption as a planet that the these

363
00:13:05,605 --> 00:13:07,865
GPUs that are being used to power AI

364
00:13:08,085 --> 00:13:10,585
are just they're they're boiling the earth,

365
00:13:11,125 --> 00:13:12,884
and they're only gonna get worse. So we

366
00:13:12,884 --> 00:13:15,205
need to make AI more efficient, and and

367
00:13:15,205 --> 00:13:17,125
I see that quantum computing could be a

368
00:13:17,125 --> 00:13:18,485
a a route to getting there. So I

369
00:13:18,485 --> 00:13:20,340
think that would be, you know, also a

370
00:13:20,360 --> 00:13:23,120
a a more immediate impact on on human

371
00:13:23,120 --> 00:13:23,620
civilization.

372
00:13:24,799 --> 00:13:26,879
But then, you know, in the future, sure.

373
00:13:26,879 --> 00:13:28,980
They they they probably would be your friend.

374
00:13:29,279 --> 00:13:30,799
I mean, the the one that sort of

375
00:13:30,799 --> 00:13:32,399
shouts to me from that, because, you know,

376
00:13:32,399 --> 00:13:33,840
where the money is is where these things

377
00:13:33,840 --> 00:13:34,740
happen is cryptocurrency.

378
00:13:35,075 --> 00:13:37,414
Would that be a similar kind of situation?

379
00:13:38,195 --> 00:13:39,154
Yeah. I mean, I think,

380
00:13:40,034 --> 00:13:42,274
they they can they can be one of

381
00:13:42,274 --> 00:13:44,274
the main reasons why we're building coin computers

382
00:13:44,274 --> 00:13:45,875
and and one of the reasons why we

383
00:13:45,875 --> 00:13:48,929
suspect that the indust what the government efforts

384
00:13:48,929 --> 00:13:50,850
are sustained in building quantum computers is that

385
00:13:50,850 --> 00:13:51,509
we can,

386
00:13:52,210 --> 00:13:54,870
we provenly, with the right size of computer,

387
00:13:55,009 --> 00:13:56,070
can break Shaw's

388
00:13:57,169 --> 00:13:59,730
we can run Shaw's algorithm, which breaks RSA

389
00:13:59,730 --> 00:14:00,735
encryption. So that's,

390
00:14:01,294 --> 00:14:03,934
the underlying encryption that that fuels this entire

391
00:14:04,095 --> 00:14:04,914
you know, everything,

392
00:14:05,774 --> 00:14:06,995
is is is,

393
00:14:07,534 --> 00:14:10,414
RSA encryption, you know, where you take large

394
00:14:10,414 --> 00:14:12,654
numbers of large fact prime numbers and you

395
00:14:12,654 --> 00:14:14,414
multiply them together, and it's hard to work

396
00:14:14,414 --> 00:14:16,019
out what the the original prime number is

397
00:14:16,019 --> 00:14:17,240
from the thing that gets sent.

398
00:14:17,940 --> 00:14:18,920
Really cool code.

399
00:14:19,460 --> 00:14:21,639
Really is, you know, pinned you know, underpinned

400
00:14:21,700 --> 00:14:24,019
our entire, you know, private communication for a

401
00:14:24,019 --> 00:14:25,000
long, long time.

402
00:14:25,540 --> 00:14:27,355
And so a quantum computer has been of

403
00:14:27,355 --> 00:14:29,355
the right size. We'll break that. We'll we'll

404
00:14:29,355 --> 00:14:30,414
break encryption.

405
00:14:31,035 --> 00:14:33,595
And so therefore, governments are very concerned or

406
00:14:33,595 --> 00:14:35,615
very interested to get access to this technology

407
00:14:35,674 --> 00:14:36,174
because

408
00:14:36,554 --> 00:14:38,634
they want to see what other governments have

409
00:14:38,634 --> 00:14:40,669
been doing for the last 50 years.

410
00:14:41,610 --> 00:14:43,450
And and it doesn't matter whether you swap

411
00:14:43,450 --> 00:14:45,870
over your your your encryption today.

412
00:14:46,649 --> 00:14:48,970
Whatever you've been doing is still locked stored

413
00:14:48,970 --> 00:14:49,470
somewhere,

414
00:14:49,850 --> 00:14:51,610
and and will be and the quantum computer

415
00:14:51,610 --> 00:14:52,809
will be able to break that at some

416
00:14:52,809 --> 00:14:54,190
point. You as a consumer

417
00:14:54,634 --> 00:14:57,195
shouldn't care that much because your data, though

418
00:14:57,195 --> 00:14:58,955
you care about it today, you probably don't

419
00:14:58,955 --> 00:15:00,634
care about your data from a decade ago.

420
00:15:00,634 --> 00:15:02,014
It's probably out of date.

421
00:15:02,554 --> 00:15:04,475
So I wouldn't worry too much. But but,

422
00:15:04,475 --> 00:15:05,914
you know, we've already started to see the

423
00:15:05,914 --> 00:15:09,034
emergence of new encryption technologies coming into the

424
00:15:09,034 --> 00:15:09,534
public

425
00:15:10,529 --> 00:15:11,029
domain,

426
00:15:11,730 --> 00:15:13,570
where it's most needed at the moment, and

427
00:15:13,570 --> 00:15:15,410
you'll see that filtering down into your cat

428
00:15:15,410 --> 00:15:16,629
videos at some point

429
00:15:17,169 --> 00:15:18,389
in the next few years.

430
00:15:19,330 --> 00:15:21,570
And and then you'll be fully protected because

431
00:15:21,570 --> 00:15:23,990
these are kind of post quantum encryption levels,

432
00:15:24,544 --> 00:15:26,144
and they're gonna get more and more advanced

433
00:15:26,144 --> 00:15:29,105
as as the technology advances along with computing.

434
00:15:29,105 --> 00:15:31,264
So and and you bring up cryptocurrency. It's

435
00:15:31,264 --> 00:15:33,444
an interesting one. There is no proven application

436
00:15:33,824 --> 00:15:35,745
that means that a quantum computer will break

437
00:15:35,745 --> 00:15:36,245
crypto,

438
00:15:37,105 --> 00:15:40,570
or blockchain, the underlying encryption for for for

439
00:15:40,570 --> 00:15:41,309
for for for,

440
00:15:42,649 --> 00:15:43,149
cryptocurrency.

441
00:15:43,529 --> 00:15:44,970
So it's pretty secure. I mean, the point

442
00:15:44,970 --> 00:15:45,709
of cryptocurrency

443
00:15:46,250 --> 00:15:49,049
and point of blockchain, you know, cryptocurrency is

444
00:15:49,049 --> 00:15:50,730
is kind of what it is, but but

445
00:15:50,730 --> 00:15:52,669
blockchain is an underlying concept,

446
00:15:53,324 --> 00:15:55,404
and technology is is impressive because what it

447
00:15:55,404 --> 00:15:57,985
does is is, you know, decentralize

448
00:15:58,524 --> 00:16:01,245
your information. So even if it could be

449
00:16:01,245 --> 00:16:03,404
decrypted, it's still you can't go find it,

450
00:16:03,404 --> 00:16:05,004
and that's kind of cool. So I wouldn't

451
00:16:05,004 --> 00:16:08,100
worry about your your your cryptocurrency assets for

452
00:16:08,100 --> 00:16:10,440
for for too long or whatever. I'm not.

453
00:16:10,500 --> 00:16:12,980
Listen, this might be. One area where people

454
00:16:12,980 --> 00:16:13,480
can

455
00:16:13,940 --> 00:16:16,019
get involved in this and particularly listeners to

456
00:16:16,019 --> 00:16:19,059
the physics world stories podcast is to get

457
00:16:19,059 --> 00:16:20,199
involved in the industry.

458
00:16:20,634 --> 00:16:22,014
Yes. Your company

459
00:16:22,315 --> 00:16:24,414
wouldn't exist if this wasn't an industry.

460
00:16:24,794 --> 00:16:26,815
Absolutely. Yeah. And we we've

461
00:16:27,274 --> 00:16:30,174
we've we existed for we've started in 2019.

462
00:16:30,875 --> 00:16:32,394
So we've been going for quite a while

463
00:16:32,394 --> 00:16:32,894
now.

464
00:16:33,690 --> 00:16:35,370
We're we're one of the more mature in

465
00:16:35,370 --> 00:16:36,889
the in the industry, and I think you're

466
00:16:36,889 --> 00:16:39,370
seeing more and more companies existing across, you

467
00:16:39,370 --> 00:16:41,850
know, across the the supply chain. It's kind

468
00:16:41,850 --> 00:16:44,490
of getting really diversified. So, you know, I'd

469
00:16:44,490 --> 00:16:45,710
say back in 2019,

470
00:16:46,325 --> 00:16:48,565
you really needed a PhD in in quantum

471
00:16:48,565 --> 00:16:49,544
information science,

472
00:16:50,404 --> 00:16:52,264
to to break into this technology.

473
00:16:53,205 --> 00:16:54,825
And that's kind of where I began.

474
00:16:55,205 --> 00:16:56,485
And to be fair, I didn't even have

475
00:16:56,485 --> 00:16:58,325
a PhD in in quantum information science, but

476
00:16:58,325 --> 00:16:59,464
I my background

477
00:17:00,410 --> 00:17:02,009
was in laser physics, and then I did

478
00:17:02,009 --> 00:17:04,990
a a postdoc in in quantum information science.

479
00:17:05,289 --> 00:17:07,130
So I was lucky to convert in in,

480
00:17:07,130 --> 00:17:09,130
like, the 5 years prior to to forming

481
00:17:09,130 --> 00:17:09,630
SEEK.

482
00:17:10,410 --> 00:17:11,950
So you really need that advanced

483
00:17:12,410 --> 00:17:14,250
degree and knowledge to get in. But I

484
00:17:14,250 --> 00:17:14,990
think now,

485
00:17:15,865 --> 00:17:18,025
the industry is a lot more open and

486
00:17:18,025 --> 00:17:21,085
requires more in engineering level positions.

487
00:17:21,944 --> 00:17:23,944
So, you know, we we are currently looking

488
00:17:23,944 --> 00:17:26,664
at recruiting or getting access to people with

489
00:17:26,664 --> 00:17:29,224
FPGA programming experience and things like that. So

490
00:17:29,224 --> 00:17:31,170
more more productized commercial,

491
00:17:31,710 --> 00:17:34,110
you know, software development, things like that. So

492
00:17:34,110 --> 00:17:36,029
so in London, in Seek, what we do

493
00:17:36,029 --> 00:17:37,789
is build a firmware and software to run

494
00:17:37,789 --> 00:17:39,710
our chips. We call it kind of, you

495
00:17:39,710 --> 00:17:42,110
know, like CUDA is to to GPUs. We're

496
00:17:42,110 --> 00:17:44,494
building, you know, our version of of what

497
00:17:44,494 --> 00:17:46,674
we're CUDA, you know, CUDA for running our

498
00:17:47,054 --> 00:17:49,554
chips. And and though some of our team

499
00:17:49,615 --> 00:17:50,515
are very specialists

500
00:17:50,894 --> 00:17:53,474
have very specialist knowledge in core information science,

501
00:17:54,255 --> 00:17:56,894
you know, others have have less specialist knowledge.

502
00:17:56,894 --> 00:17:58,940
And and as we grow, more and more,

503
00:17:58,940 --> 00:18:00,559
we'll be looking at, you know,

504
00:18:01,100 --> 00:18:02,720
hiring people that that have

505
00:18:03,500 --> 00:18:05,420
conventional, you know, product. You know, they can

506
00:18:05,420 --> 00:18:06,480
productize software.

507
00:18:07,259 --> 00:18:09,100
And we're seeing that that's just our company,

508
00:18:09,100 --> 00:18:11,119
but we're seeing that across the industry. So

509
00:18:11,180 --> 00:18:12,404
more and more kind of,

510
00:18:12,965 --> 00:18:15,285
more engineering level positions are being opened up

511
00:18:15,285 --> 00:18:17,285
to to to the community. What would be

512
00:18:17,285 --> 00:18:19,205
your recommendation for people who are listening to

513
00:18:19,205 --> 00:18:21,785
this and thinking, oh, I quite fancy that?

514
00:18:22,005 --> 00:18:24,404
The best ways to impress, you know, someone

515
00:18:24,404 --> 00:18:26,724
like like ourselves would be to have a

516
00:18:26,724 --> 00:18:28,265
a good foundational knowledge

517
00:18:28,779 --> 00:18:30,000
of what's going on.

518
00:18:30,299 --> 00:18:32,140
So I you know, maybe I don't expect

519
00:18:32,140 --> 00:18:33,980
you to have a a PhD in in

520
00:18:33,980 --> 00:18:36,380
core information science and and maybe not even

521
00:18:36,380 --> 00:18:38,700
wanting that today, but still certainly helps if

522
00:18:38,700 --> 00:18:39,599
you want to

523
00:18:39,900 --> 00:18:41,740
to, you know, get into the kind of

524
00:18:41,740 --> 00:18:43,759
more senior positions within the company.

525
00:18:44,434 --> 00:18:46,115
But I think there is a more and

526
00:18:46,115 --> 00:18:46,515
more,

527
00:18:46,914 --> 00:18:47,734
entry level,

528
00:18:48,355 --> 00:18:48,855
positions

529
00:18:49,394 --> 00:18:51,815
that are becoming available to to people with,

530
00:18:52,595 --> 00:18:53,095
with

531
00:18:53,875 --> 00:18:56,914
maybe, like, non quantum information PhDs, but more

532
00:18:56,914 --> 00:18:59,809
experimental physics. But but or or, you know,

533
00:18:59,809 --> 00:19:01,410
this is from Zeek's point of view, but,

534
00:19:01,410 --> 00:19:04,369
you know, other non directly related PhDs, but

535
00:19:04,369 --> 00:19:04,869
also,

536
00:19:06,049 --> 00:19:08,049
if you if you've done a master's in

537
00:19:08,049 --> 00:19:09,970
something of relevance. So I I I go

538
00:19:09,970 --> 00:19:12,105
back to that point of, I think having

539
00:19:12,105 --> 00:19:13,884
an awareness of the technology

540
00:19:14,424 --> 00:19:17,164
that you're walking into and and the industry,

541
00:19:17,785 --> 00:19:19,865
is the helpful ticket to get you in.

542
00:19:19,865 --> 00:19:21,545
But if you come fresh off the street

543
00:19:21,545 --> 00:19:23,865
with with a master's in in physics and

544
00:19:23,865 --> 00:19:25,705
and no understanding of what what a quantum

545
00:19:25,705 --> 00:19:27,419
computer is, it's going to bode well in

546
00:19:27,419 --> 00:19:28,159
any interview.

547
00:19:29,179 --> 00:19:30,940
But I certainly look out for a group,

548
00:19:30,940 --> 00:19:33,359
you know, people that have have had exposure

549
00:19:33,500 --> 00:19:35,039
to the industry and the technology.

550
00:19:35,819 --> 00:19:37,500
So whether that's you've done a course in

551
00:19:37,500 --> 00:19:39,259
in kind of Qiskit or something like that.

552
00:19:39,259 --> 00:19:40,859
If you're going to the software development or

553
00:19:40,859 --> 00:19:43,585
application spends or if you've got a master's,

554
00:19:44,365 --> 00:19:45,424
on the kind of,

555
00:19:46,605 --> 00:19:48,525
you can do these master conversions at, like,

556
00:19:48,525 --> 00:19:50,365
UCL and things like that. And there's there's

557
00:19:50,365 --> 00:19:52,065
there's also international master's,

558
00:19:52,684 --> 00:19:54,065
where you can even do.

559
00:19:54,660 --> 00:19:57,059
I think there's there's opportunities to do something

560
00:19:57,059 --> 00:19:58,440
like a 3 month conversion,

561
00:20:00,019 --> 00:20:01,000
at certain places.

562
00:20:01,460 --> 00:20:03,220
Another way to get into the industry that

563
00:20:03,220 --> 00:20:04,900
I was gonna bring up outside of masters

564
00:20:04,900 --> 00:20:05,859
is is,

565
00:20:06,340 --> 00:20:07,480
we often run

566
00:20:09,174 --> 00:20:11,335
internships. And I know a lot of companies

567
00:20:11,335 --> 00:20:13,414
do this this as well that that, you

568
00:20:13,414 --> 00:20:15,174
know, for quite a short you know, it

569
00:20:15,174 --> 00:20:16,795
can be anywhere between 3

570
00:20:17,734 --> 00:20:20,134
6 months or longer. And and and we've

571
00:20:20,134 --> 00:20:22,295
run internships with with people that have been

572
00:20:22,295 --> 00:20:24,234
doing masters right through to PhDs.

573
00:20:24,880 --> 00:20:26,640
And that's a great way of getting entry

574
00:20:26,640 --> 00:20:29,059
into the into the industry. And it's probably,

575
00:20:30,240 --> 00:20:32,880
a better way than doing it, via going

576
00:20:32,880 --> 00:20:34,480
to a master's if you want you know,

577
00:20:34,480 --> 00:20:36,419
you can get more exposed to the specific

578
00:20:36,480 --> 00:20:37,940
company you're interested in.

579
00:20:38,315 --> 00:20:40,694
So I think that's that's something I would

580
00:20:40,694 --> 00:20:42,214
recommend to look out for. And and I

581
00:20:42,214 --> 00:20:44,375
think those those internship I mean, to get

582
00:20:44,375 --> 00:20:45,434
on to our internship

583
00:20:45,734 --> 00:20:48,855
programs, we usually come from, you know we

584
00:20:48,855 --> 00:20:50,634
have associations with universities,

585
00:20:51,335 --> 00:20:53,255
and they've come through those universities. So it's

586
00:20:53,255 --> 00:20:54,634
kind of a friend of a friend,

587
00:20:56,000 --> 00:20:58,079
in that respect. But but I know that

588
00:20:58,079 --> 00:21:00,640
that so there's there's other universities that would

589
00:21:00,640 --> 00:21:03,039
have relationships with with plenty of quantum computing

590
00:21:03,039 --> 00:21:04,880
groups, so you could go by that. Or

591
00:21:04,880 --> 00:21:07,279
I'm sure I've never applied for them, but

592
00:21:07,279 --> 00:21:09,279
I think, like, groups like RiverLane do open

593
00:21:09,279 --> 00:21:10,694
applications and things like that.

594
00:21:11,815 --> 00:21:14,394
And more companies do open applications for internships

595
00:21:14,454 --> 00:21:16,615
when they're doing them. So that's another way

596
00:21:16,615 --> 00:21:18,534
of getting into the industry. But, absolutely, I

597
00:21:18,534 --> 00:21:20,855
would say, you know, now is is the

598
00:21:20,855 --> 00:21:22,934
time to to be looking at how if

599
00:21:22,934 --> 00:21:25,579
you're interested, you know, it's only growing.

600
00:21:26,200 --> 00:21:27,420
We're seeing a huge

601
00:21:27,960 --> 00:21:30,039
need and demand for more and more wider

602
00:21:30,039 --> 00:21:32,039
skill sets. So so it's a really exciting

603
00:21:32,039 --> 00:21:34,119
time to get into into the industry. We

604
00:21:34,119 --> 00:21:34,859
we measured

605
00:21:35,240 --> 00:21:37,980
there was 40 quantum computing hardware developers

606
00:21:38,519 --> 00:21:39,019
worldwide,

607
00:21:39,815 --> 00:21:42,134
and that's just hardware. So then there is

608
00:21:42,295 --> 00:21:44,075
you know, I could see there's probably equivalent

609
00:21:44,134 --> 00:21:45,035
number of software,

610
00:21:45,815 --> 00:21:47,035
developers out there,

611
00:21:48,055 --> 00:21:49,894
in private, you know, private

612
00:21:50,454 --> 00:21:53,099
they specialize purely in in quantum computing software.

613
00:21:53,259 --> 00:21:55,179
And then, you know, same again, if not

614
00:21:55,179 --> 00:21:56,400
double in in supporting,

615
00:21:57,660 --> 00:21:58,480
supply chain,

616
00:21:59,579 --> 00:22:02,079
groups. So, you know, hundreds of companies,

617
00:22:02,700 --> 00:22:04,940
worldwide, and it certainly is global. But but,

618
00:22:04,940 --> 00:22:07,259
you know, Seac ourselves, we we we're headquartered

619
00:22:07,259 --> 00:22:08,960
in the US and New York,

620
00:22:09,394 --> 00:22:11,734
and we've got an operations in in London

621
00:22:11,875 --> 00:22:13,014
as well as Italy.

622
00:22:13,474 --> 00:22:15,654
So just our company is international.

623
00:22:16,274 --> 00:22:19,234
Every every company that there is that I

624
00:22:19,234 --> 00:22:21,859
know of has multi locations already. So I

625
00:22:21,859 --> 00:22:24,259
teach on a master's in science communication. How

626
00:22:24,259 --> 00:22:26,660
important is it really for the public to

627
00:22:26,660 --> 00:22:27,799
understand this

628
00:22:28,180 --> 00:22:28,680
science?

629
00:22:29,460 --> 00:22:30,279
Yeah. I mean,

630
00:22:30,580 --> 00:22:32,820
I've always been it's always been important to

631
00:22:32,820 --> 00:22:35,220
me that that science communication is critical. That

632
00:22:35,220 --> 00:22:37,059
that, you know, it's not good enough that

633
00:22:37,059 --> 00:22:37,515
that,

634
00:22:38,315 --> 00:22:40,154
a scientist does a bunch of cool work

635
00:22:40,154 --> 00:22:41,755
and then and then sits on it and

636
00:22:41,755 --> 00:22:44,315
and it and it's, you know, it goes

637
00:22:44,315 --> 00:22:46,315
right through to the science communication of your

638
00:22:46,315 --> 00:22:48,015
own work to peers

639
00:22:48,394 --> 00:22:50,315
as well as your own work to wider

640
00:22:50,315 --> 00:22:50,815
community.

641
00:22:51,620 --> 00:22:53,460
We need to both be able we need

642
00:22:53,460 --> 00:22:54,680
to be able to sell,

643
00:22:55,140 --> 00:22:57,059
not sell, but, you know, explain what we

644
00:22:57,059 --> 00:23:00,259
do to to our peers and that's critical

645
00:23:00,259 --> 00:23:03,160
to getting jobs and just, you know, exposing

646
00:23:03,220 --> 00:23:04,980
the world to what you're doing, you know.

647
00:23:04,980 --> 00:23:06,664
It's not just for yourself, it's for the

648
00:23:06,664 --> 00:23:06,744
world.

649
00:23:07,464 --> 00:23:09,065
You know, if you're doing science, you're doing

650
00:23:09,065 --> 00:23:10,984
it to break the boundaries of what what

651
00:23:10,984 --> 00:23:12,204
we can do as civilization.

652
00:23:12,825 --> 00:23:14,505
So it's critical to be able to explain

653
00:23:14,505 --> 00:23:16,105
it to your peers, but also to the

654
00:23:16,105 --> 00:23:18,284
to the wider community. It's it's, you know,

655
00:23:18,585 --> 00:23:19,884
we are government supported

656
00:23:20,250 --> 00:23:22,910
heavily. We we we are doing this for

657
00:23:23,210 --> 00:23:24,890
for for the, you know, for for the

658
00:23:24,890 --> 00:23:27,049
public. So it's important to explain, you know,

659
00:23:27,049 --> 00:23:29,369
why is that important and why should they

660
00:23:29,369 --> 00:23:29,869
care.

661
00:23:30,570 --> 00:23:32,410
And so I think science communication is is

662
00:23:32,410 --> 00:23:34,644
critical. It's actually something that, you know, I

663
00:23:34,644 --> 00:23:37,605
learned about science communication and the importance of

664
00:23:37,605 --> 00:23:40,184
it having left my PhD my PhD.

665
00:23:40,884 --> 00:23:42,484
And I hated the fact that I was

666
00:23:42,484 --> 00:23:45,684
waiting until after that to really understand I

667
00:23:45,684 --> 00:23:47,684
should be out there, you know, presenting my

668
00:23:47,684 --> 00:23:50,160
work and and talking to the public about

669
00:23:50,160 --> 00:23:51,779
it and talking more openly.

670
00:23:52,480 --> 00:23:54,000
And so I think it's something that I

671
00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:56,000
would yeah. I know more and more groups

672
00:23:56,000 --> 00:23:57,440
and and, you you know, like yourself are

673
00:23:57,440 --> 00:23:58,960
working on this, and I think it's it's

674
00:23:58,960 --> 00:23:59,700
really critical.

675
00:24:01,654 --> 00:24:04,134
If you'll excuse me just a moment, that

676
00:24:04,134 --> 00:24:06,375
master's that I teach on is the MSc

677
00:24:06,375 --> 00:24:07,515
in science communication

678
00:24:07,974 --> 00:24:09,894
at the University of West of England in

679
00:24:09,894 --> 00:24:12,375
Bristol. That's UE Bristol. If you'd like to

680
00:24:12,375 --> 00:24:15,150
join us there, see you next September. But

681
00:24:15,150 --> 00:24:16,829
I wanted to talk to somebody who's moved

682
00:24:16,829 --> 00:24:19,630
from one area of physics to another. Here's

683
00:24:19,630 --> 00:24:21,650
Araceli Vanegas Gomez.

684
00:24:22,910 --> 00:24:26,109
I'm actually an aerospace engineer. I I started

685
00:24:26,109 --> 00:24:26,769
in Spain,

686
00:24:27,174 --> 00:24:29,974
and then I traveled to different countries to

687
00:24:29,974 --> 00:24:30,934
do different things.

688
00:24:31,575 --> 00:24:33,494
There was money, and I guess I was

689
00:24:33,494 --> 00:24:35,734
young at that time. And I ended up

690
00:24:35,734 --> 00:24:38,795
working in Germany forever as an aerospace engineer.

691
00:24:40,039 --> 00:24:41,839
I like it. I mean, apparently, we see

692
00:24:41,839 --> 00:24:44,039
it was going pretty well. I was, making

693
00:24:44,039 --> 00:24:47,000
career there, but, you know, sometimes we have

694
00:24:47,000 --> 00:24:49,079
strange hobbies, and my hobby was actually to

695
00:24:49,079 --> 00:24:51,319
study physics. That's what I was doing in

696
00:24:51,319 --> 00:24:54,154
the in the evenings and on weekends.

697
00:24:54,775 --> 00:24:57,335
And at one point, I studied medical physics,

698
00:24:57,335 --> 00:25:00,554
and I I discovered the magnetic resonant imaging,

699
00:25:01,894 --> 00:25:03,194
the physics of that.

700
00:25:03,575 --> 00:25:05,819
And I started to learn on the free

701
00:25:05,819 --> 00:25:07,919
time of my free time about quantum,

702
00:25:08,539 --> 00:25:10,559
and quantum physics was really

703
00:25:11,019 --> 00:25:13,519
amazing for me. I want to discover more

704
00:25:14,059 --> 00:25:14,559
and

705
00:25:14,940 --> 00:25:17,279
decided that I wanted to learn that. And

706
00:25:17,764 --> 00:25:20,404
so at one point, after I did, an

707
00:25:20,404 --> 00:25:21,304
online course,

708
00:25:22,164 --> 00:25:24,424
I kind of realized that maybe

709
00:25:25,444 --> 00:25:26,964
it was for me that I wanted to

710
00:25:26,964 --> 00:25:27,865
go into quantum.

711
00:25:28,484 --> 00:25:30,565
That was 2013, so more than 10 years

712
00:25:30,565 --> 00:25:31,304
ago now.

713
00:25:31,680 --> 00:25:33,519
I'm starting to tell everyone that I wanted

714
00:25:33,519 --> 00:25:34,580
to change my career.

715
00:25:36,640 --> 00:25:38,880
So why you have a stable job? You're

716
00:25:38,880 --> 00:25:41,440
you're becoming manager in a big company? I

717
00:25:41,440 --> 00:25:42,900
want to study quantum physics.

718
00:25:46,080 --> 00:25:46,980
I kind of

719
00:25:47,794 --> 00:25:50,115
in in Google Hangouts, I think it was,

720
00:25:50,115 --> 00:25:51,954
I was chatting to to you see, I

721
00:25:51,954 --> 00:25:53,414
can't I can't really talk a lot.

722
00:25:53,714 --> 00:25:56,194
I I was talking to the professor from

723
00:25:56,194 --> 00:25:58,515
Maryland University who was the professor of this

724
00:25:58,515 --> 00:26:00,115
online course that I was doing on quantum,

725
00:26:00,115 --> 00:26:02,019
and I was telling him, you know, I

726
00:26:02,019 --> 00:26:03,299
want to go into quantum. I want to

727
00:26:03,299 --> 00:26:05,539
do a PhD in quantum. His first reaction

728
00:26:05,539 --> 00:26:07,619
was like, why? Why are you gonna quit

729
00:26:07,619 --> 00:26:09,619
all what you have? Like, I can always

730
00:26:09,619 --> 00:26:11,140
come back to industry. I really want to

731
00:26:11,140 --> 00:26:13,220
do this. So he put me in touch

732
00:26:13,220 --> 00:26:15,299
with, a couple of people, and one of

733
00:26:15,299 --> 00:26:18,775
these people was a professor from UCLA who

734
00:26:18,775 --> 00:26:21,035
was in US who was moving to Glasgow.

735
00:26:21,815 --> 00:26:23,174
He took me when I think about

736
00:26:24,375 --> 00:26:26,054
and I I got in touch with him.

737
00:26:26,054 --> 00:26:27,894
And when he moved to Glasgow, he said,

738
00:26:27,894 --> 00:26:30,454
okay. You are too much enthusiastic about all

739
00:26:30,454 --> 00:26:31,515
this. Come here.

740
00:26:32,200 --> 00:26:34,940
What? Show me what you got. So in

741
00:26:36,200 --> 00:26:38,460
yeah. That was September 2014.

742
00:26:40,039 --> 00:26:41,660
So you see, it really quite

743
00:26:42,039 --> 00:26:45,019
took, some time until people kind of

744
00:26:45,404 --> 00:26:48,384
offer me the opportunity to something else than

745
00:26:48,605 --> 00:26:50,285
just tell me why are you doing this.

746
00:26:50,285 --> 00:26:53,005
I actually applied for PhDs in Germany because

747
00:26:53,005 --> 00:26:54,765
I was in Germany, and some people started

748
00:26:54,765 --> 00:26:56,924
to say things like, what is going on

749
00:26:56,924 --> 00:26:58,845
that so many women are now interested in

750
00:26:58,845 --> 00:27:00,809
physics? And I'm like, oh, wow.

751
00:27:02,009 --> 00:27:02,509
Or,

752
00:27:02,970 --> 00:27:05,450
you know, we use we use books with

753
00:27:05,450 --> 00:27:07,150
formulas on it. I'm like,

754
00:27:07,690 --> 00:27:09,470
hello? I'm not a space engineer.

755
00:27:10,009 --> 00:27:11,850
Why are you so, yeah, a lot of

756
00:27:11,850 --> 00:27:13,610
rejection, a lot of things. But, anyway, I

757
00:27:13,610 --> 00:27:14,590
I went to Glasgow,

758
00:27:15,370 --> 00:27:17,535
and for 1 week, this professor started

759
00:27:18,234 --> 00:27:20,634
to put me exercises about quantum physics in

760
00:27:20,634 --> 00:27:22,234
German because I was in Germany. He's like,

761
00:27:22,234 --> 00:27:23,755
obviously, you speak German. I'm like, yeah. But

762
00:27:23,755 --> 00:27:25,455
I don't speak quantum in German.

763
00:27:26,634 --> 00:27:28,710
And at the end of the all that,

764
00:27:28,950 --> 00:27:30,329
he offered me

765
00:27:30,630 --> 00:27:32,390
a spot for to to do a 1

766
00:27:32,390 --> 00:27:33,049
year masters.

767
00:27:33,349 --> 00:27:34,409
And in 2015,

768
00:27:34,710 --> 00:27:36,549
I moved to Glasgow to do 1 year

769
00:27:36,549 --> 00:27:37,049
masters.

770
00:27:37,669 --> 00:27:39,109
And at the end of that master, he

771
00:27:39,109 --> 00:27:40,470
came to me and said, hey. You still

772
00:27:40,470 --> 00:27:42,710
want to do your PhD? And I'm like,

773
00:27:42,710 --> 00:27:43,210
obviously.

774
00:27:44,375 --> 00:27:46,134
He offered me the PhD, and I did

775
00:27:46,134 --> 00:27:48,554
my PhD, and I finished in actually

776
00:27:48,934 --> 00:27:51,674
4 days before the lockdown in 2020.

777
00:27:52,054 --> 00:27:53,815
That's when I when I did that in

778
00:27:53,974 --> 00:27:56,474
I changed my career from industry to academia,

779
00:27:56,615 --> 00:27:58,294
but I I kind of changed my career

780
00:27:58,294 --> 00:27:58,794
again.

781
00:27:59,359 --> 00:28:01,759
Okay. Can I just be before we do

782
00:28:01,759 --> 00:28:03,680
that, are you still interested in the space

783
00:28:03,680 --> 00:28:05,119
stuff, or did you just go, right, I'm

784
00:28:05,119 --> 00:28:07,440
not doing that anymore? Always. But I I

785
00:28:07,440 --> 00:28:10,320
realized that I like that's exactly the thing.

786
00:28:10,320 --> 00:28:13,200
I like the space stuff, but helicopters and

787
00:28:13,200 --> 00:28:14,714
airplanes is like, nah.

788
00:28:15,674 --> 00:28:17,115
So what what so what is it about

789
00:28:17,194 --> 00:28:18,875
I mean, you say the MRI and that

790
00:28:18,875 --> 00:28:20,315
sort of thing, but what is it about

791
00:28:20,315 --> 00:28:22,394
quantum that really attracted you? For me, it

792
00:28:22,394 --> 00:28:25,375
was the fact that at that scale of

793
00:28:25,755 --> 00:28:29,089
matter, the things behave completely different. The the

794
00:28:29,089 --> 00:28:31,589
phenomena that happen there, we cannot really

795
00:28:32,210 --> 00:28:34,150
feel in the microscopic world,

796
00:28:34,609 --> 00:28:36,450
and on top of that, the mathematics is

797
00:28:36,450 --> 00:28:37,970
kind of different. You do when you when

798
00:28:37,970 --> 00:28:38,869
you study engineering,

799
00:28:39,250 --> 00:28:41,269
you you study algebra, and

800
00:28:41,765 --> 00:28:43,765
the question always is, why do we study

801
00:28:43,765 --> 00:28:45,865
this? And people say, well, maybe you use

802
00:28:46,085 --> 00:28:47,945
it. Nobody uses linear algebra

803
00:28:48,245 --> 00:28:49,065
ever again.

804
00:28:49,525 --> 00:28:51,924
And when I discovered that the mathematics of

805
00:28:51,924 --> 00:28:54,884
quantum physics actually uses linear algebra, and it

806
00:28:54,884 --> 00:28:57,000
was something that I actually like, I was

807
00:28:57,000 --> 00:28:57,500
like,

808
00:28:57,799 --> 00:29:00,859
wow. The mathematics of it is, is fascinating.

809
00:29:01,079 --> 00:29:03,400
It's you need to think in a different

810
00:29:03,400 --> 00:29:05,640
way. It's very abstract. I asked a friend

811
00:29:05,640 --> 00:29:07,799
of mine who was the only physicist I

812
00:29:07,799 --> 00:29:08,859
I knew at the time.

813
00:29:09,160 --> 00:29:11,035
And my question to him is, can you

814
00:29:11,035 --> 00:29:13,195
tell me more about this hyperspace and the

815
00:29:13,195 --> 00:29:15,994
mathematics for quantum? And his answer was, oh,

816
00:29:15,994 --> 00:29:18,575
come on. That's the very hard stuff. Alright.

817
00:29:18,954 --> 00:29:20,174
Don't challenge me.

818
00:29:22,555 --> 00:29:24,154
It it was a lot of things. I

819
00:29:24,154 --> 00:29:26,879
think quantum physics in general, when when you

820
00:29:26,879 --> 00:29:28,960
are interested in science and you read all

821
00:29:28,960 --> 00:29:30,099
these books about

822
00:29:30,799 --> 00:29:32,960
you you cannot make things. Black holes, the

823
00:29:32,960 --> 00:29:35,519
multiverse, and and fix it. But quantum has

824
00:29:35,519 --> 00:29:37,759
that kind of weirdness that you can actually

825
00:29:37,759 --> 00:29:40,015
prove it. Because all what is really big,

826
00:29:40,015 --> 00:29:42,095
all what is space, and, obviously, I love

827
00:29:42,095 --> 00:29:44,015
space, but all that kind of a very

828
00:29:44,015 --> 00:29:46,255
big thing, you can look through your telescope,

829
00:29:46,255 --> 00:29:47,855
but you cannot really prove a lot of

830
00:29:47,855 --> 00:29:50,335
things because it's just out there. But quantum

831
00:29:50,335 --> 00:29:50,994
is inside

832
00:29:51,329 --> 00:29:53,250
everything. It's inside all of all of us,

833
00:29:53,250 --> 00:29:55,169
and that's why my favorite is in imaging

834
00:29:55,169 --> 00:29:56,849
that. Right? It's like it's taking you the

835
00:29:56,849 --> 00:29:58,849
atoms in in the water molecules in your

836
00:29:58,849 --> 00:30:01,250
body and realign them so that it meets

837
00:30:01,250 --> 00:30:03,169
a signal that you can then put into

838
00:30:03,169 --> 00:30:05,009
an image and voila, that's what you have

839
00:30:05,009 --> 00:30:07,045
inside your body. So I think I think

840
00:30:07,045 --> 00:30:09,605
that's really what fascinate me about Okay. So

841
00:30:09,605 --> 00:30:10,904
what are you doing now?

842
00:30:11,845 --> 00:30:14,664
Oh, that's that's the the other big step.

843
00:30:15,045 --> 00:30:17,125
You know, it's a you realize I chat

844
00:30:17,125 --> 00:30:18,805
a lot, and I was kind of

845
00:30:19,880 --> 00:30:22,600
I was going to to events, conferences, to

846
00:30:22,600 --> 00:30:24,519
everything because I was older than most of

847
00:30:24,519 --> 00:30:26,440
the people that were doing the PhD with

848
00:30:26,440 --> 00:30:29,259
me. I had obviously a different career path,

849
00:30:29,720 --> 00:30:31,580
and I just wanted to understand.

850
00:30:31,974 --> 00:30:33,414
I wanted to be involved in everything. I

851
00:30:33,414 --> 00:30:35,254
did a lot of outreach activities. I was

852
00:30:35,254 --> 00:30:36,154
part of the,

853
00:30:37,014 --> 00:30:39,254
women in physics group. I was doing,

854
00:30:39,734 --> 00:30:40,234
student,

855
00:30:41,014 --> 00:30:43,355
activities and things like that. But,

856
00:30:44,519 --> 00:30:45,960
I I was starting to hear about this

857
00:30:45,960 --> 00:30:48,859
new system that people say quantum technologies because

858
00:30:49,080 --> 00:30:50,059
it was 2015.

859
00:30:50,440 --> 00:30:52,440
The the UK was the first country that

860
00:30:52,440 --> 00:30:54,680
actually put money into a national initiative on

861
00:30:54,680 --> 00:30:55,500
quantum technologies.

862
00:30:56,039 --> 00:30:57,640
And I wanted to know more about that

863
00:30:57,640 --> 00:30:59,595
program. Obviously, I was in the UK, so

864
00:30:59,674 --> 00:31:01,034
it was really easy for me to get

865
00:31:01,034 --> 00:31:03,214
involved in that. But within

866
00:31:03,674 --> 00:31:05,674
with these activities that I was doing in

867
00:31:05,674 --> 00:31:06,174
student

868
00:31:06,954 --> 00:31:08,974
chapter study was called, the the student,

869
00:31:09,275 --> 00:31:11,595
associations, I could also travel to other countries.

870
00:31:11,595 --> 00:31:13,034
So I was starting to see what was

871
00:31:13,034 --> 00:31:14,335
going on in other countries.

872
00:31:14,819 --> 00:31:16,659
I could even travel to the US, and

873
00:31:16,659 --> 00:31:18,179
that was the when the launch of the

874
00:31:18,179 --> 00:31:20,099
national initiative in the US. So I was

875
00:31:20,099 --> 00:31:22,339
really gathering a lot of information about what

876
00:31:22,339 --> 00:31:24,019
was going on in a lot of countries

877
00:31:24,019 --> 00:31:26,519
regarding this market, and I was asking people

878
00:31:27,105 --> 00:31:27,845
from industry,

879
00:31:28,144 --> 00:31:29,664
what do you think about all that? What

880
00:31:29,664 --> 00:31:31,664
do you think is needed? And I realized

881
00:31:31,664 --> 00:31:33,505
that there was a huge gap between the

882
00:31:33,505 --> 00:31:35,365
mindset of research and scientists

883
00:31:35,744 --> 00:31:37,984
that that that they were doing their stuff,

884
00:31:37,984 --> 00:31:40,065
but they would have to send that to

885
00:31:40,065 --> 00:31:42,325
industry, and they couldn't speak the same language.

886
00:31:42,839 --> 00:31:45,079
So we're in the in the quantum flagship

887
00:31:45,159 --> 00:31:47,400
in the European quantum flagship lounge in Vienna

888
00:31:47,400 --> 00:31:50,279
in 2018, I remember being with someone from

889
00:31:50,279 --> 00:31:52,839
industry and someone from academia, and they couldn't

890
00:31:52,839 --> 00:31:54,919
understand each other. They were speaking different languages.

891
00:31:54,919 --> 00:31:56,359
And I was in the middle, and I

892
00:31:56,359 --> 00:31:58,724
could understand both. And I'm like, that's actually

893
00:31:58,724 --> 00:31:59,464
quite helpful.

894
00:31:59,924 --> 00:32:01,444
I didn't know what I wanted to do

895
00:32:01,444 --> 00:32:02,884
next, but I didn't want to stay in

896
00:32:02,884 --> 00:32:04,484
academia. I didn't want to come back to

897
00:32:04,484 --> 00:32:04,984
Airbus.

898
00:32:05,525 --> 00:32:07,684
And I started to well, I talked to

899
00:32:07,684 --> 00:32:10,404
the people, yeah, at the UK quantum program,

900
00:32:10,404 --> 00:32:12,720
in the European quantum program. But when I

901
00:32:12,720 --> 00:32:14,960
went to the US, someone came to me,

902
00:32:15,440 --> 00:32:16,900
thanks to social media

903
00:32:17,359 --> 00:32:18,960
because yeah. He said, oh, you are the

904
00:32:18,960 --> 00:32:21,619
one kind of reposting all things about quantum.

905
00:32:21,679 --> 00:32:23,140
So social media helps.

906
00:32:24,894 --> 00:32:26,115
He became a mentor,

907
00:32:26,734 --> 00:32:28,974
supported me to apply for a fellowship. I

908
00:32:28,974 --> 00:32:31,535
applied for an optical fellowship from the US,

909
00:32:31,535 --> 00:32:32,835
and I got it in 2019.

910
00:32:33,454 --> 00:32:35,454
They called me the quantum ambassador, and thanks

911
00:32:35,454 --> 00:32:37,934
to that, I could actually create my own

912
00:32:37,934 --> 00:32:40,450
company. I created my own company with the

913
00:32:40,450 --> 00:32:43,250
aim to bridge this gap between academia and

914
00:32:43,250 --> 00:32:43,750
industry

915
00:32:44,289 --> 00:32:45,349
to actually

916
00:32:45,730 --> 00:32:47,970
break the barriers of the quantum language so

917
00:32:47,970 --> 00:32:50,470
that people understand it's not all, oh,

918
00:32:51,250 --> 00:32:51,750
very

919
00:32:52,565 --> 00:32:54,484
nice words that we don't know what it

920
00:32:54,484 --> 00:32:56,565
means. Nobody understands how the mechanics what it's

921
00:32:56,565 --> 00:32:58,484
all about. No. It's about how can we

922
00:32:58,484 --> 00:33:01,204
apply the technology that is gonna come, how

923
00:33:01,204 --> 00:33:03,144
industry can become ready for that.

924
00:33:04,085 --> 00:33:06,265
Since then, I'm the CEO of this company.

925
00:33:06,805 --> 00:33:08,990
I'm supposed to be an an entrepreneur, so

926
00:33:08,990 --> 00:33:10,210
it has been 5 years.

927
00:33:10,669 --> 00:33:12,990
A lot of ups and downs because not

928
00:33:12,990 --> 00:33:14,990
everyone is ready for quantum. So it's you

929
00:33:14,990 --> 00:33:16,910
need to adapt to the market because it's

930
00:33:16,910 --> 00:33:17,730
a very

931
00:33:18,029 --> 00:33:18,429
nice

932
00:33:20,184 --> 00:33:23,464
very new market emerging. The, people really need

933
00:33:23,464 --> 00:33:23,964
to

934
00:33:24,585 --> 00:33:27,384
to start creating that awareness is is key,

935
00:33:27,384 --> 00:33:29,384
right, to to be able to to make

936
00:33:29,384 --> 00:33:31,964
that learning path. What are the kind of

937
00:33:32,359 --> 00:33:35,080
most exciting areas where you can apply quantum

938
00:33:35,080 --> 00:33:36,140
to industry?

939
00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:38,920
I think everywhere really is,

940
00:33:39,720 --> 00:33:41,500
the same thing that the first

941
00:33:42,840 --> 00:33:44,894
kind of a first quantum technology that we

942
00:33:44,894 --> 00:33:47,615
are using, that is lasers, magnetism and imaging,

943
00:33:47,615 --> 00:33:50,335
the GPS, the transistors in your computers, they

944
00:33:50,335 --> 00:33:52,575
are everywhere. Nobody's saying, oh, we are using

945
00:33:52,575 --> 00:33:54,195
quantum technology 1.0.

946
00:33:54,734 --> 00:33:55,234
Right?

947
00:33:55,695 --> 00:33:57,855
Now people are saying quantum technology is 2.0.

948
00:33:57,855 --> 00:33:59,295
But the thing is that this technology is

949
00:33:59,295 --> 00:34:01,549
gonna be really transformative because we are talking

950
00:34:01,549 --> 00:34:02,369
about computing,

951
00:34:03,070 --> 00:34:04,289
very powerful computation.

952
00:34:04,910 --> 00:34:07,630
So very difficult problems that we cannot solve

953
00:34:07,630 --> 00:34:10,030
now, we will be or we might be

954
00:34:10,030 --> 00:34:10,929
able to be,

955
00:34:11,550 --> 00:34:14,335
solve solving these problems with quantum computers. We

956
00:34:14,335 --> 00:34:16,974
will have quantum communication, very secure communication. All

957
00:34:16,974 --> 00:34:18,735
the encryption that we have, it will be

958
00:34:18,735 --> 00:34:20,894
secure. The one that we have now is

959
00:34:20,894 --> 00:34:22,195
not so secure anymore.

960
00:34:22,894 --> 00:34:25,054
We'll have sensors that can be applied to

961
00:34:25,054 --> 00:34:27,695
absolutely everything. And coming from outer space, sensors

962
00:34:27,695 --> 00:34:29,775
is everything. Right? You want to measure any

963
00:34:29,775 --> 00:34:32,630
physical property. Being able to measure things much

964
00:34:32,630 --> 00:34:34,650
better so that it give you better sensitivity.

965
00:34:34,869 --> 00:34:36,710
For example, in health care, you have,

966
00:34:38,630 --> 00:34:40,789
something that measures your the magnetic field in

967
00:34:40,789 --> 00:34:41,529
your brain.

968
00:34:41,909 --> 00:34:42,409
1st,

969
00:34:42,934 --> 00:34:44,394
it can help to detect

970
00:34:44,855 --> 00:34:45,735
illnesses like,

971
00:34:46,375 --> 00:34:48,715
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's much better.

972
00:34:49,255 --> 00:34:51,574
It could transform health care in general, but

973
00:34:51,574 --> 00:34:53,974
it could actually just improve what we have

974
00:34:53,974 --> 00:34:56,315
right now. Imagine a medical resident imaging

975
00:34:56,940 --> 00:34:58,380
device that is gonna be just like a

976
00:34:58,380 --> 00:35:00,859
small helmet. So for children, it's much better

977
00:35:00,859 --> 00:35:03,579
than putting them into this big machine. So

978
00:35:03,579 --> 00:35:05,339
it's about improving a lot of things that

979
00:35:05,339 --> 00:35:08,400
we have right now. It's about new devices.

980
00:35:09,260 --> 00:35:10,859
We know already how they are gonna be

981
00:35:10,859 --> 00:35:11,359
applied.

982
00:35:11,824 --> 00:35:14,545
But the most exciting part is so many

983
00:35:14,545 --> 00:35:16,545
unknowns. Because, again, we are, like, in the

984
00:35:16,545 --> 00:35:19,025
fifties of last decade with quant with sorry.

985
00:35:19,025 --> 00:35:21,424
With classical computing. Nobody could imagine that we

986
00:35:21,424 --> 00:35:23,344
were gonna have a computer in our pockets

987
00:35:23,344 --> 00:35:24,559
now. So imagine

988
00:35:24,860 --> 00:35:26,460
how many are loans are right now with

989
00:35:26,460 --> 00:35:27,440
quantum technologies.

990
00:35:28,140 --> 00:35:29,119
So, yeah,

991
00:35:29,500 --> 00:35:30,000
banking,

992
00:35:30,460 --> 00:35:30,960
energy,

993
00:35:31,260 --> 00:35:32,160
health care,

994
00:35:33,980 --> 00:35:34,480
absolutely,

995
00:35:34,940 --> 00:35:37,119
each business sector can benefit.

996
00:35:37,464 --> 00:35:39,704
Sometimes, when we do our trainees now, we

997
00:35:39,704 --> 00:35:41,304
have in front of us people that are

998
00:35:41,304 --> 00:35:43,464
CEOs, CIOs from different companies, and then you

999
00:35:43,464 --> 00:35:45,944
have someone, I work in retail. What what

1000
00:35:46,184 --> 00:35:48,344
how quantum can be applied? And you can't

1001
00:35:48,344 --> 00:35:48,844
always

1002
00:35:49,385 --> 00:35:50,684
find something because

1003
00:35:51,219 --> 00:35:53,559
it's it's really about understanding a little bit

1004
00:35:53,780 --> 00:35:56,180
what could be those kind of problems that

1005
00:35:56,180 --> 00:35:58,739
they would like to solve, either that they

1006
00:35:58,739 --> 00:36:00,500
could like to solve it because they cannot

1007
00:36:00,500 --> 00:36:02,500
know or they could solve it faster or

1008
00:36:02,500 --> 00:36:05,434
better giving them this business advantage. So is

1009
00:36:05,434 --> 00:36:06,555
that is that what you're doing with the

1010
00:36:06,555 --> 00:36:08,715
business? You're sort of bridging the gap in

1011
00:36:08,715 --> 00:36:11,594
that way. You're telling people that they need

1012
00:36:11,594 --> 00:36:12,094
Quantum?

1013
00:36:12,474 --> 00:36:14,954
The focus really is on on skills, talent,

1014
00:36:14,954 --> 00:36:15,695
and education.

1015
00:36:16,074 --> 00:36:16,815
That means

1016
00:36:17,550 --> 00:36:20,510
from awareness, just about what is all about

1017
00:36:20,510 --> 00:36:22,610
quantum, how can I get prepared,

1018
00:36:22,910 --> 00:36:24,510
why are we talking about this, who is

1019
00:36:24,510 --> 00:36:25,730
doing what in the ecosystem,

1020
00:36:26,670 --> 00:36:29,230
who is putting money into that, very general

1021
00:36:29,230 --> 00:36:31,785
awareness, and then going into more? For me,

1022
00:36:31,785 --> 00:36:33,985
it's like imagine 3 different axis. It's like,

1023
00:36:33,985 --> 00:36:35,925
how much do you know already about quantum?

1024
00:36:36,144 --> 00:36:37,664
Who you are? Because it's not the same

1025
00:36:37,664 --> 00:36:39,105
if you if you talk to a CEO

1026
00:36:39,105 --> 00:36:40,545
of a bank or if you talk to

1027
00:36:40,545 --> 00:36:42,085
someone that is already technical,

1028
00:36:43,105 --> 00:36:45,505
from the energy sector. So the the kind

1029
00:36:45,505 --> 00:36:46,005
of

1030
00:36:46,400 --> 00:36:46,900
speech

1031
00:36:47,280 --> 00:36:48,660
changes a lot. Right?

1032
00:36:49,119 --> 00:36:50,559
And and the third one is at at

1033
00:36:50,559 --> 00:36:52,239
the end of the day, the the business

1034
00:36:52,239 --> 00:36:54,180
sector where you're working. Right? So

1035
00:36:54,559 --> 00:36:56,880
if I'm talking to to someone that is,

1036
00:36:57,119 --> 00:36:59,780
very high level, that knows nothing about quantum,

1037
00:36:59,914 --> 00:37:01,755
I cannot go and speak about a Qubit

1038
00:37:01,755 --> 00:37:04,074
directly because this person would be like, why

1039
00:37:04,074 --> 00:37:05,594
are you talking to me about that? They

1040
00:37:05,594 --> 00:37:07,195
want to know first what is all about

1041
00:37:07,195 --> 00:37:09,994
quantum. And the second step will be, okay,

1042
00:37:09,994 --> 00:37:12,090
what is it for me? That is,

1043
00:37:12,650 --> 00:37:15,849
understanding the different business, businesses and how the

1044
00:37:15,849 --> 00:37:18,329
the potential of the quantum technologies for these

1045
00:37:18,329 --> 00:37:19,469
different business sectors.

1046
00:37:20,170 --> 00:37:22,890
We are doing that. And then once people

1047
00:37:22,890 --> 00:37:25,630
are kind of hooked into into that,

1048
00:37:26,304 --> 00:37:29,664
we kind of could offer more training, training

1049
00:37:29,664 --> 00:37:32,485
that is really applied for their business sector.

1050
00:37:32,625 --> 00:37:34,644
For example, quantum computing for finance

1051
00:37:35,025 --> 00:37:35,505
or,

1052
00:37:36,224 --> 00:37:38,545
quantum sensing for defense, things like that. So

1053
00:37:38,545 --> 00:37:40,500
a lot of education program. But we can

1054
00:37:40,500 --> 00:37:43,640
also support them on consulting services. For example,

1055
00:37:44,019 --> 00:37:46,019
they might know of a problem already that

1056
00:37:46,019 --> 00:37:48,039
they cannot solve, and they want to,

1057
00:37:48,340 --> 00:37:50,280
to do a market research where

1058
00:37:50,739 --> 00:37:53,460
we we could or not find how quantum

1059
00:37:53,460 --> 00:37:55,559
technologies could support on that.

1060
00:37:55,914 --> 00:37:57,594
Or the other thing is I have this

1061
00:37:57,594 --> 00:37:59,674
business. How do you think that we could

1062
00:37:59,674 --> 00:38:02,014
fit within the supply chain? Because, obviously,

1063
00:38:02,315 --> 00:38:04,494
a lot of people are doing things that

1064
00:38:05,355 --> 00:38:07,114
somehow they are gonna be feeding in the

1065
00:38:07,114 --> 00:38:09,755
whole supply chain, like lasers, cryogenics, and all

1066
00:38:09,755 --> 00:38:11,880
all the things. So that's kind of,

1067
00:38:12,579 --> 00:38:14,659
how our core business is, the the education

1068
00:38:14,659 --> 00:38:15,559
training part,

1069
00:38:16,340 --> 00:38:17,780
and then the the business,

1070
00:38:18,260 --> 00:38:18,760
consulting.

1071
00:38:19,380 --> 00:38:19,880
Then,

1072
00:38:20,579 --> 00:38:22,440
then what happened is, in the

1073
00:38:22,755 --> 00:38:24,434
in the last years, because we have been

1074
00:38:24,434 --> 00:38:26,434
so much involved in education, we don't only

1075
00:38:26,434 --> 00:38:28,514
focus on businesses. We have been working on

1076
00:38:28,514 --> 00:38:29,894
education on different levels.

1077
00:38:30,275 --> 00:38:31,494
We work with schools,

1078
00:38:32,114 --> 00:38:35,574
on on outreach activities, bringing quantum computing awareness

1079
00:38:35,610 --> 00:38:38,250
to teachers. That's really, really important. We launched

1080
00:38:38,250 --> 00:38:40,030
something last year where

1081
00:38:40,329 --> 00:38:42,510
I can tell you it works marvelous.

1082
00:38:42,809 --> 00:38:45,050
People have absolutely no idea about quantum computing.

1083
00:38:45,050 --> 00:38:46,650
In 2 days, they can go and make

1084
00:38:46,650 --> 00:38:47,550
a small algorithm,

1085
00:38:47,849 --> 00:38:50,295
but you need to be able to use

1086
00:38:50,295 --> 00:38:53,514
this specific methodology. It's like a game. We

1087
00:38:53,574 --> 00:38:55,494
we haven't done it with children, but we

1088
00:38:55,494 --> 00:38:57,335
have done it with CEOs from from companies,

1089
00:38:57,335 --> 00:38:59,414
and it works the same way. They are

1090
00:38:59,414 --> 00:39:01,815
all really fascinated, and you you can see

1091
00:39:01,815 --> 00:39:03,949
senior people with with the the stuff that

1092
00:39:03,949 --> 00:39:05,789
they build. And, can I take it home?

1093
00:39:05,789 --> 00:39:08,109
I really love this. I've been talking now

1094
00:39:08,109 --> 00:39:10,030
with my family about it. So that's really

1095
00:39:10,030 --> 00:39:10,989
what we want. It's kind of,

1096
00:39:12,510 --> 00:39:15,469
yeah, start up that kind of spark that

1097
00:39:15,469 --> 00:39:17,525
that interest into Quanto. And then we have

1098
00:39:17,525 --> 00:39:18,644
been working with,

1099
00:39:19,125 --> 00:39:19,625
institutions

1100
00:39:19,925 --> 00:39:21,945
to support on curriculum building,

1101
00:39:22,405 --> 00:39:23,545
undergraduate level,

1102
00:39:24,085 --> 00:39:27,045
master's level, and etcetera. So, basically, we're involving

1103
00:39:27,045 --> 00:39:28,885
absolutely everything that has to do with Quantum

1104
00:39:28,885 --> 00:39:31,045
Education or in law. So you did started

1105
00:39:31,045 --> 00:39:33,849
this journey, like, a long time ago. You

1106
00:39:33,849 --> 00:39:34,829
looked at quantum,

1107
00:39:35,210 --> 00:39:37,449
and you had that you're saying in Germany,

1108
00:39:37,449 --> 00:39:39,769
people's talking about women in physics. Why do

1109
00:39:39,769 --> 00:39:41,230
we need them? That sort of thing.

1110
00:39:42,010 --> 00:39:44,170
Is is it different now? Are you feeling

1111
00:39:44,170 --> 00:39:46,329
like if you if it was you now

1112
00:39:46,329 --> 00:39:48,650
wanting to make that change into quantum, do

1113
00:39:48,650 --> 00:39:50,817
you feel like it's a smoother journey? Oh,

1114
00:39:50,817 --> 00:39:53,254
that's a very good question, actually. I would

1115
00:39:53,254 --> 00:39:55,692
have to think about it. It really it

1116
00:39:55,692 --> 00:39:57,858
depends on a lot of different things. It

1117
00:39:57,858 --> 00:40:00,025
depends on where you are, who you talk

1118
00:40:00,025 --> 00:40:01,889
to. Obviously, there is always this kind of

1119
00:40:01,889 --> 00:40:04,049
people that they are always gonna say the

1120
00:40:04,049 --> 00:40:04,549
wrong

1121
00:40:04,929 --> 00:40:05,670
thing. Just

1122
00:40:06,849 --> 00:40:07,670
last May,

1123
00:40:08,049 --> 00:40:09,190
I was in an event.

1124
00:40:11,730 --> 00:40:14,230
This guy, he was an Italian guy, said,

1125
00:40:14,449 --> 00:40:16,609
oh, you are the Spanish lady in Tiquant,

1126
00:40:16,609 --> 00:40:18,464
and I'm like, excuse me. There are a

1127
00:40:18,464 --> 00:40:19,924
lot of Spanish

1128
00:40:20,385 --> 00:40:22,005
people doing quantum.

1129
00:40:22,464 --> 00:40:24,144
Oh, I thought it was you. So you

1130
00:40:24,144 --> 00:40:24,644
think

1131
00:40:25,264 --> 00:40:27,025
you see, there there are these these kind

1132
00:40:27,025 --> 00:40:29,525
of comments and things, every single time.

1133
00:40:30,179 --> 00:40:33,300
Going into academia, my feeling is the in

1134
00:40:33,300 --> 00:40:35,859
in physics, there are a lot of women

1135
00:40:35,859 --> 00:40:37,960
in a at undergraduate level,

1136
00:40:38,260 --> 00:40:40,280
but they just kind of start to disappear,

1137
00:40:41,300 --> 00:40:44,364
later on, less in doing the PhD, much

1138
00:40:44,364 --> 00:40:46,784
less going into into research careers.

1139
00:40:47,244 --> 00:40:49,484
I think we we hear over and over

1140
00:40:49,484 --> 00:40:51,964
again that research careers is so hard, but

1141
00:40:51,964 --> 00:40:54,444
believe me, I think all careers are hard.

1142
00:40:54,764 --> 00:40:56,284
It depends how you want to live with

1143
00:40:56,284 --> 00:40:58,650
it. I really I need to mention, there

1144
00:40:58,650 --> 00:41:01,630
is, there is this researcher. She's in Chile,

1145
00:41:02,250 --> 00:41:05,210
Carla Herman, and she is an amazing professor

1146
00:41:05,210 --> 00:41:07,710
of physics, and she is gonna have just

1147
00:41:08,090 --> 00:41:09,150
her 3rd baby.

1148
00:41:10,255 --> 00:41:11,855
That's for me. It's like, you can really

1149
00:41:11,855 --> 00:41:14,114
manage all if you want. It's it's about

1150
00:41:14,255 --> 00:41:16,514
how you manage your your life. Right?

1151
00:41:16,894 --> 00:41:18,195
So answering your question,

1152
00:41:19,054 --> 00:41:20,675
it will really depends on

1153
00:41:21,215 --> 00:41:23,394
where you are. It depends on the region

1154
00:41:23,454 --> 00:41:24,994
where you are applying to,

1155
00:41:25,800 --> 00:41:26,539
and also

1156
00:41:26,840 --> 00:41:28,780
a little bit on how you

1157
00:41:29,239 --> 00:41:30,519
take all these things. Right?

1158
00:41:31,160 --> 00:41:32,780
I I'm quite

1159
00:41:34,039 --> 00:41:35,960
okay because I have been I have been

1160
00:41:35,960 --> 00:41:37,800
always in the minority. In our space, we

1161
00:41:37,800 --> 00:41:39,640
were 10% women. So for me, it was

1162
00:41:39,640 --> 00:41:40,460
kind of normal,

1163
00:41:41,075 --> 00:41:43,315
And I I have heard everything when I

1164
00:41:43,315 --> 00:41:45,875
was a therapist in Germany, obviously, being in

1165
00:41:45,875 --> 00:41:46,535
the minority,

1166
00:41:47,155 --> 00:41:47,394
but,

1167
00:41:48,195 --> 00:41:50,755
not everyone is kind of quite okay within

1168
00:41:50,755 --> 00:41:52,855
this or or take it more

1169
00:41:53,500 --> 00:41:55,519
seriously, let's say, could affect

1170
00:41:55,820 --> 00:41:57,840
your mental health a lot. So,

1171
00:41:58,539 --> 00:41:59,039
yeah,

1172
00:41:59,980 --> 00:42:02,059
I will I will really advise if anyone

1173
00:42:02,059 --> 00:42:04,539
is listening to this, thinking about a career

1174
00:42:04,539 --> 00:42:05,519
change or,

1175
00:42:06,140 --> 00:42:08,025
am I good enough or things like this,

1176
00:42:08,264 --> 00:42:11,085
Every single person is asking this when

1177
00:42:11,625 --> 00:42:13,585
men everyone is having that kind of,

1178
00:42:14,025 --> 00:42:16,264
oh, I'm I'm not fitting here. Right?

1179
00:42:17,065 --> 00:42:19,065
So just do it. But I'm always happy

1180
00:42:19,065 --> 00:42:20,344
to talk to anyone. There are a lot

1181
00:42:20,344 --> 00:42:21,599
of people who came to me,

1182
00:42:22,079 --> 00:42:22,800
afterwards and say,

1183
00:42:23,440 --> 00:42:25,360
I want to do these for example, applying

1184
00:42:25,360 --> 00:42:26,880
for this fellowship. I want to change my

1185
00:42:26,880 --> 00:42:28,579
career. What do you think? And I'm always

1186
00:42:28,960 --> 00:42:29,780
happy to

1187
00:42:30,079 --> 00:42:31,300
want to give my 2¢.

1188
00:42:32,000 --> 00:42:33,460
Imposter syndrome is

1189
00:42:33,840 --> 00:42:34,579
a thing

1190
00:42:35,114 --> 00:42:37,034
that we all feel. I think men just

1191
00:42:37,034 --> 00:42:38,954
don't talk about it as much and, you

1192
00:42:38,954 --> 00:42:41,934
know but it's it's totally there. For sure.

1193
00:42:42,155 --> 00:42:44,235
If people are listening to this, maybe they're

1194
00:42:44,235 --> 00:42:46,875
students, maybe they are already in industry or

1195
00:42:46,875 --> 00:42:48,875
in academia, and they're thinking about changing. What

1196
00:42:48,875 --> 00:42:51,430
would you recommend they do to get into

1197
00:42:51,430 --> 00:42:54,090
this quantum industry? 1st of all,

1198
00:42:54,710 --> 00:42:56,710
I think when we want to change our

1199
00:42:56,710 --> 00:42:57,210
careers,

1200
00:42:57,910 --> 00:43:00,150
right now, there is so much information everywhere.

1201
00:43:00,150 --> 00:43:02,329
So just use it. Just try to investigate

1202
00:43:02,470 --> 00:43:03,690
as much as possible.

1203
00:43:05,635 --> 00:43:08,295
As we also do recruitment within our company,

1204
00:43:08,434 --> 00:43:09,875
we have a lot of people coming and

1205
00:43:09,875 --> 00:43:11,635
say, I I have done this. I want

1206
00:43:11,635 --> 00:43:12,535
to go into quantum.

1207
00:43:13,315 --> 00:43:15,715
Right now, quantum because it's a very new

1208
00:43:15,715 --> 00:43:16,215
field,

1209
00:43:16,835 --> 00:43:19,414
it's very, very hard for people with not

1210
00:43:19,920 --> 00:43:21,839
huge expertise on the topic to find a

1211
00:43:21,839 --> 00:43:23,539
job. That's the truth. Right?

1212
00:43:24,319 --> 00:43:26,079
I'm not saying that you need a PhD,

1213
00:43:26,079 --> 00:43:28,639
but 80% of the cases that that's probably

1214
00:43:28,639 --> 00:43:30,880
it. If you go into quantum computing, you

1215
00:43:30,880 --> 00:43:32,480
probably need to show that you have been

1216
00:43:32,480 --> 00:43:33,920
working for 4, 5 years,

1217
00:43:34,480 --> 00:43:35,219
with Python,

1218
00:43:35,655 --> 00:43:37,255
that you have been working in industry as

1219
00:43:37,255 --> 00:43:38,235
a software developer.

1220
00:43:38,775 --> 00:43:39,835
So it's not like

1221
00:43:40,215 --> 00:43:42,614
it's such a vast field right now that

1222
00:43:42,614 --> 00:43:44,695
anyone could find a job in Quanta. It's

1223
00:43:44,695 --> 00:43:46,454
gonna be. That's why we are trying to

1224
00:43:46,454 --> 00:43:48,549
prepare people for that. So I'm taking your

1225
00:43:48,549 --> 00:43:50,869
question, Andrew. What I would tell people is

1226
00:43:50,869 --> 00:43:52,010
start preparing

1227
00:43:52,469 --> 00:43:55,109
your path and also understanding where you wanna

1228
00:43:55,109 --> 00:43:57,269
go. A lot of people that come to

1229
00:43:57,269 --> 00:43:59,750
physics or computer science, they don't have that

1230
00:43:59,750 --> 00:44:02,585
kind of a specific background in in quantum

1231
00:44:02,644 --> 00:44:05,445
computing algorithm design. I said, why don't you

1232
00:44:05,445 --> 00:44:07,125
work in industry? A couple of years as

1233
00:44:07,125 --> 00:44:09,445
a data scientist, you acquire that kind of

1234
00:44:09,445 --> 00:44:11,204
experience in industry at the same time that

1235
00:44:11,204 --> 00:44:13,284
you in your free time, you continue learning

1236
00:44:13,284 --> 00:44:14,425
about quantum computing,

1237
00:44:14,900 --> 00:44:17,079
then you will be fit for the job.

1238
00:44:17,380 --> 00:44:18,420
But it's it's not

1239
00:44:18,820 --> 00:44:21,460
you cannot expect that in 6 months, the

1240
00:44:21,460 --> 00:44:23,219
job is gonna be there for you. But

1241
00:44:23,219 --> 00:44:24,980
there are a lot of masters right now.

1242
00:44:24,980 --> 00:44:26,340
There there are a lot of events. So

1243
00:44:26,340 --> 00:44:28,260
being part of the ecosystem is key because

1244
00:44:28,260 --> 00:44:29,640
the ecosystem is small.

1245
00:44:29,985 --> 00:44:32,785
So trying to to participate on on webinars.

1246
00:44:32,785 --> 00:44:34,085
There are a lot of things online.

1247
00:44:34,625 --> 00:44:36,704
Again, just, sending me an email. I can

1248
00:44:36,704 --> 00:44:39,505
send you some resources that just receiving some

1249
00:44:39,505 --> 00:44:40,005
newsletters.

1250
00:44:40,385 --> 00:44:42,385
That's really, I think, the the first thing

1251
00:44:42,385 --> 00:44:43,045
to do.

1252
00:44:43,789 --> 00:44:45,949
And then what? Maybe you have a crazy

1253
00:44:45,949 --> 00:44:47,869
idea like like I did, and and you

1254
00:44:47,869 --> 00:44:49,389
will change your life,

1255
00:44:49,789 --> 00:44:50,849
into that career.

1256
00:44:51,230 --> 00:44:52,690
But if it's not now,

1257
00:44:53,070 --> 00:44:54,909
what I would like to tell people is

1258
00:44:54,909 --> 00:44:56,510
that it will never be too late. If

1259
00:44:56,510 --> 00:44:58,109
it's not now, maybe in 6 months, maybe

1260
00:44:58,109 --> 00:45:00,284
in 5 years, I think quantum is gonna

1261
00:45:00,284 --> 00:45:01,885
be open for everyone, and it's just gonna

1262
00:45:01,885 --> 00:45:04,364
be growing and growing. It's not about quantum

1263
00:45:04,364 --> 00:45:06,204
physics, remember? It's about how we can use

1264
00:45:06,204 --> 00:45:08,364
quantum physics to create new technology that can

1265
00:45:08,364 --> 00:45:11,585
be applied to transform businesses and our society.

1266
00:45:11,644 --> 00:45:13,885
So let's see how quantum will transform our

1267
00:45:13,885 --> 00:45:15,599
lives in 20 years' time.

1268
00:45:16,219 --> 00:45:18,300
I'd like to thank Araceli and Matt for

1269
00:45:18,300 --> 00:45:19,659
talking to me for this episode of the

1270
00:45:19,659 --> 00:45:21,659
Physics World Stories podcast, and you can find

1271
00:45:21,659 --> 00:45:24,380
that feature on the Physics World website under

1272
00:45:24,380 --> 00:45:27,199
the title, taking the leap, how to prepare

1273
00:45:27,260 --> 00:45:29,885
for your future in the quantum workforce.

1274
00:45:30,505 --> 00:45:33,065
If you are interested in this field, we'll

1275
00:45:33,065 --> 00:45:35,304
post links to everything we've talked about on

1276
00:45:35,304 --> 00:45:37,704
the article associated with this episode of the

1277
00:45:37,704 --> 00:45:38,204
podcast

1278
00:45:38,505 --> 00:45:40,650
on physics world dot

1279
00:45:41,210 --> 00:45:43,210
com. We'll be back next month with something

1280
00:45:43,210 --> 00:45:45,369
else from this wonderful world of physics, and

1281
00:45:45,369 --> 00:45:47,630
thank you very much for listening.