265 | When and How to Use Enlargement in CCPT & Tracking Progress in CCPT (What to Do When Stages Aren't Clear)

Play Therapy Podcast: A Master-Class in Child-Centered Play Therapy

In this episode of the Play Therapy Podcast, I answer two questions from Terry in Ireland. First, I break down the role of enlargement and self-esteem-building responses in CCPT. I explain when and how to use these more advanced skills, emphasizing that enlargement should come later in the process when a child is ready for deeper work. I also clarify how encouragement and self-esteem-building responses fit into CCPT from the very first session, reinforcing a child's capacity and confidence.

Next, I discuss whether all children move through the four stages of CCPT in a predictable way and how to track progress when movement between phases isn't obvious. I explain why progress isn't always linear and how shifts in the therapeutic relationship—such as changes in cleanup behaviors or a child no longer asking permission—are strong indicators of growth. Finally, I share a heartfelt email from a listener about how the podcast has deepened her understanding and confidence in CCPT, reminding us all of the power of simply being present with children in the playroom.

Play Therapy Podcast Meetup - MISSISSIPPI - Feb 21, 2025 at 6:30pm RSVP here: https://playtherapypodcast_ms.eventbrite.com

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Ask Me Questions: Call ‪(813) 812-5525‬, or email: brenna@thekidcounselor.com Brenna's CCPT Hub: https://www.playtherapynow.com CCPT Collective (online community exclusively for CCPTs): https://www.ccptcollective.com Podcast HQ: https://www.playtherapypodcast.com APT Approved Play Therapy CE courses: https://childcenteredtraining.com Twitter: @thekidcounselor https://twitter.com/thekidcounselor Facebook: https://facebook.com/playtherapypodcast

Common References: Cochran, N., Nordling, W., & Cochran, J. (2010). Child-Centered Play Therapy (1st ed.). Wiley. VanFleet, R., Sywulak, A. E., & Sniscak, C. C. (2010). Child-centered play therapy. Guilford Press. Landreth, G.L. (2023). Play Therapy: The Art of the Relationship (4th ed.). Routledge. Bratton, S. C., Landreth, G. L., Kellam, T., & Blackard, S. R. (2006). Child parent relationship therapy (CPRT) treatment manual: A 10-session filial therapy model for training parents. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. Benedict, Helen. Themes in Play Therapy. Used with permission to Heartland Play Therapy Institute.

2025-02-05 14 min Transcript

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Transcript

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You're listening to the Play Therapy Podcast with Dr. Brenna Hicks,

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your source for centered and focused play therapy coaching.

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Hi,

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I'm Dr. Brenna Hicks,

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The Kid Counselor.

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This is the Play Therapy Podcast where you

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get a masterclass in child-centered play therapy

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and practical support and application for your

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work with children and their families.

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In today's episode,

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I am answering questions from Terry in Ireland.

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Terry,

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thanks for emailing.

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And a couple of

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questions that came in from Terry and

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not really related,

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so we're gonna kind of tease these apart as separate questions.

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So the first is,

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can you go into some more detail on enlargement,

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the when,

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the how,

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etc.

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and also self-esteem building responses?

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Should these techniques come at later stages?

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Basically the more advanced techniques outside

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of basic reflective responding tracking behavior

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and reflecting content.

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All right,

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so,

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Thanks,

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Terry,

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for the email.

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I think that

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a really helpful rule of thumb

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is that we have our reflective responses,

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which are what?

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Pop quiz?

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Yes,

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thank you all.

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Reflecting behavior,

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sorry,

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tracking behavior,

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reflecting content,

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reflecting feeling.

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OK.

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So we have that.

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That's our standard.

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We use that at almost any moment in the playroom because it's always at our disposal.

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Then we have our four pillars.

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Which are pop quiz.

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Reflecting feelings,

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choice giving,

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limit setting,

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encouragement,

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those are our standards.

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Those are considered the basics of CCPT.

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So when we think about

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what would we use consistently no matter where we are in the process,

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it's going to be those two

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as well as the be with attitudes which are pop quiz.

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Thank you.

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I'm here,

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I hear you.

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I understand,

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I care and I delight in you.

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So,

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we're always operationalizing,

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be with attitudes

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through the use of the reflective responses

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and the pillars.

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So in light of the self-esteem building responses,

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that is essentially

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encouragement,

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Terry.

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So yes,

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self-esteem building responses are a little bit different

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because they tend to

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focus on what the child is actively doing,

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and encouragement is sometimes done at the end of something.

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But they are both to build.

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The child's sense of capacity and capability

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and they're used largely interchangeably most of the time.

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So you would absolutely do all of those things from

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the very first session all the way through the last.

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All of the reflective responses,

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all of the pillars,

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and operationalizing it would be with attitudes,

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OK.

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As far as this enlargement,

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we want to think about

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the enlargement as a deeper

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part of the process and therefore later on in the process.

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In other words,

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a child's not going to be ready to go deeper when

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they haven't even

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gotten ready to do their work yet.

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They're not going to be ready to go deeper when they're still in resistance.

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They're not going to be ready to go deeper when

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they're still building a rapport and a relationship with you.

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Therefore,

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we typically reserve enlargements for later in the process

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at the very least in the work phase.

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And there's a process to it,

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and essentially what we're doing is

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looking beyond the surface level.

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And getting to the deeper meaning and the why behind

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what is happening.

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In other words,

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at any given moment,

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a child might be expressing a feeling,

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might be doing something,

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so a behavior of sorts.

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And or saying something

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which in those scenarios

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we use reflective responses,

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but that is still kind of high level

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we're acknowledging an emotion,

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a conversation or a behavior,

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but what about why the child is saying something?

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What about why the child is behaving in a certain way?

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Why the child is expressing a feeling?

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Now we're getting into enlargement.

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What is the deeper part

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of what's going on?

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That's what we're looking to do when we enlarge.

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So in that scenario,

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we would,

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and this happens really fast in real time,

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this is a split second

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awareness.

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So

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something happens,

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we immediately interpret the why behind it and we respond with an enlargement.

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So that might look something like.

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It's important to you to have everything the way you want it to be.

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Or

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It feels good when you can control what happens in here.

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Now we're talking about deeper stuff

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because yes I could say you're ordering me around.

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That would be a tracking of behavior.

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I could say,

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you're telling me to get up and go over there.

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That would be a reflection of content.

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I could say,

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you're happy

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that you get to

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make me do what you want.

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Reflection of feeling.

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But it feels good

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to have all the control in here.

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Now we're at a much deeper level.

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We're not just scratching the surface of what's happening.

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So you do want to reserve those enlargements for later on

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in the process and you have to assess the child's readiness.

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Some kids will not be ready to receive those.

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So it needs to be a very gradual and patient

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process

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where

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you wait until you think the child can receive it,

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then you throw out an enlargement,

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and then you gauge the child's readiness and reaction.

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And if you get a sense that

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it didn't settle or they weren't able to receive it,

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then you wait a little while before you try again,

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and you just default back to the pillars

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and the reflective responses in the meantime.

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So thanks for that question,

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Terry,

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and then the second question.

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Is it possible for a child to not move through the obvious stages of play?

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And if it is not clearly defined and you are somewhat confused,

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can you use changes in the relationship

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to mark progress and changes in how the child acts and talks,

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for example,

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not cleaning up anymore or not asking permission anymore

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as your guide rail both for charting progress in

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the playroom and determining whether to begin termination.

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All right.

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Yes,

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it is possible for a child not to be obvious in their movement.

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We never expect nor need

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a child

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to

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make it clear,

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OK,

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we're in initiation,

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now we're in resistance,

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now we're in work,

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now we're ready to move into termination.

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Those are more of

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I don't wanna say philosophical,

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that's probably not an appropriate word,

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but

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they're more hypothetical,

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that's a better word,

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they're more hypothetical in nature.

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Yes,

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those phases exist and yes we can often determine

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what phase

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the child happens to be in at any given time,

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but there are kind of constructs that we use from our side of things,

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not necessarily that we need to see them

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for the child to be making progress.

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So there are often times when a child will go in a different order,

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they will bypass a phase and come back to it.

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They will go really quickly through 2 and then

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dive into the 3rd and then have to backpedal.

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So it's never a 1234,

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and it's never as linear as we would like it to be.

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Sometimes

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we think that a child went through resistance,

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but we're not really sure.

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Sometimes we think a child has moved into work and we're not really sure.

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It's really just kind of a

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child by child scenario where we're always evaluating what's happening.

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And to speak to your point,

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Are we able to

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look at changes in the relationship to mark progress?

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Absolutely.

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We don't need to know which phase

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the child's in to see changes in the relationship.

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Can we use changes in how the child acts and talks?

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Absolutely.

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We're always looking for those

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shifts.

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If they don't clean up anymore,

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huge change.

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If they don't ask permission anymore,

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huge change.

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So we would absolutely document that as major shifts,

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and arguably that means they're in work phase.

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If you're seeing those kinds of shifts,

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then they're absolutely in work.

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And

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we know at the beginning,

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they're

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going through the initiation and warm up.

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We know that.

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So

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even if they go through it really quickly,

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they will likely continue to go through it,

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even if they've moved on to a different phase,

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they will revisit

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the rapport and the trust and the bond.

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That's

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the premise of CCPT.

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The relationship is at the heart of all change.

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So they have to have an established relationship.

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We know they're going to go through that.

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We know every kid is going to deal with resistance in some way,

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but sometimes it's only at school,

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sometimes it's only at home,

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sometimes it's only in the playroom.

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There's no way to predict what that looks like,

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so sometimes we don't see it,

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and that's OK.

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And then

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determining whether or not to begin termination.

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There are 4 considerations that we want to look

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00:09:00,130 --> 00:09:00,640
for

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before we decide whether or not we're ready to terminate.

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Pop Quiz,

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00:09:03,809 --> 00:09:04,330
what are they?

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00:09:06,450 --> 00:09:06,609
Hm,

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00:09:06,729 --> 00:09:07,880
this one might have been harder.

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00:09:08,119 --> 00:09:08,210
I,

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00:09:08,330 --> 00:09:09,849
I'm assuming you all yelled at me,

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00:09:09,890 --> 00:09:10,640
but I don't know.

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OK,

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00:09:11,650 --> 00:09:15,369
so there are no new themes presenting consistently over sessions,

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we're seeing no new themes emerge.

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We see no shifts within existing themes,

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so whatever theme is present at that point in treatment,

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we don't see any shifts

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taking place.

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The presenting issues or original concerns

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have either reduced or have disappeared.

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And we see regulation across all environments.

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So if parents report that things are going well at

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home and at school and at church and at extracurriculars,

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you report that things are very stable and steady in the playroom.

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There are no new themes,

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there are no shifts within existing themes,

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and,

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and parents say that whatever reasons that they brought the

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child in for in the first place have improved,

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then we know that we're ready to move into termination.

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But quite honestly,

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all the things that you described,

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Terry,

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as far as not cleaning up anymore,

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not asking permission anymore,

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changes in the way the child acts and talks,

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those are the indications that you would be able to tell the parents

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that you feel like

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things have been

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improving and changing in the playroom.

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So it's very much collaborative.

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We want parents to weigh in,

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and we want to weigh in,

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and we want to make sure that everyone is on board,

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that we're ready to start that termination phase.

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00:10:28,630 --> 00:10:30,330
So thank you so much for

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00:10:30,539 --> 00:10:31,340
the email.

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00:10:31,380 --> 00:10:34,250
I really appreciate it and I hope that that's helpful for each and every one of you.

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One of the things that I love is when I get

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stories from playrooms.

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So I would like to end with sharing an email from Krista

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and Krista emailed and said that

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she has been listening in Kentucky.

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So

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hello to all of those of you in Kentucky.

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I have

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quite a few friends actually that are huge wildcat fans,

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like they drive blue cars and

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have all things blue for the wildcats.

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So I know how

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your fandom is around there.

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So it's nice to have you,

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Krista.

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00:11:07,150 --> 00:11:07,619
Thank you.

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00:11:08,400 --> 00:11:10,400
So let me read a little bit of her email.

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She gave me permission to share this with you.

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And I hope that this really encourages you because these are,

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these are the outcomes of the time and energy that you are investing

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in training and listening and growing in CCPT.

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Every minute that you spend listening to this podcast,

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it is your investment in

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your practice of CCPT

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and she shared a story of how it impacted her practice

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and I was given permission to share it with you.

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00:11:38,429 --> 00:11:39,849
I hope this email finds you well.

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00:11:39,979 --> 00:11:41,940
I'm at a private practice in Kentucky.

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00:11:42,299 --> 00:11:44,099
I'm still relatively new to play therapy,

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00:11:44,109 --> 00:11:47,299
but I was introduced to it during my internship and to be honest,

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00:11:47,380 --> 00:11:49,729
I felt completely out of my depth at the time.

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00:11:49,859 --> 00:11:51,369
While my supervision was helpful,

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00:11:51,580 --> 00:11:55,250
I struggled to connect with the approach until a friend recommended your podcast.

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00:11:55,690 --> 00:11:57,809
Listening to your episodes was a game changer for me.

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00:11:57,919 --> 00:12:01,580
It helped play therapy click in a way that supervision alone hadn't.

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00:12:01,890 --> 00:12:04,119
Your insights not only deepened my understanding,

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00:12:04,210 --> 00:12:06,440
but also helped me fall in love with the process,

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00:12:06,609 --> 00:12:08,530
and it has allowed me to embrace working with

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00:12:08,530 --> 00:12:10,880
younger children in a way that I hadn't expected.

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00:12:11,090 --> 00:12:11,960
That's so exciting.

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00:12:12,250 --> 00:12:12,409
OK,

346
00:12:12,489 --> 00:12:13,320
so here's the story.

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00:12:13,450 --> 00:12:13,929
This week,

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00:12:14,010 --> 00:12:16,250
I had a session that reminded me of the episode

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00:12:16,250 --> 00:12:19,409
where you described a client who completely destroyed your playroom.

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00:12:20,080 --> 00:12:20,960
During my session,

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00:12:21,080 --> 00:12:23,359
my young client was overwhelmed with big emotions,

352
00:12:23,559 --> 00:12:24,280
throwing toys,

353
00:12:24,359 --> 00:12:24,880
screaming,

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00:12:25,039 --> 00:12:25,520
spitting,

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00:12:25,559 --> 00:12:26,280
and kicking.

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00:12:26,799 --> 00:12:30,960
I found myself drawing on your words and experiences which helped me stay calm,

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centered,

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and fully present.

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00:12:33,359 --> 00:12:34,469
And like your client,

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00:12:34,599 --> 00:12:36,109
mine eventually calmed down,

361
00:12:36,640 --> 00:12:38,119
chose to build with blocks,

362
00:12:38,239 --> 00:12:40,869
and even cared for me with the doctor toys.

363
00:12:41,039 --> 00:12:42,989
It turned into a really meaningful session,

364
00:12:43,039 --> 00:12:46,789
and I couldn't help but think of how your story had prepared me for that moment.

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00:12:48,609 --> 00:12:51,280
So that is always my hope,

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00:12:51,460 --> 00:12:53,119
and I'm so thrilled

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00:12:53,330 --> 00:12:56,200
when I get stories like that because

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00:12:56,830 --> 00:12:59,580
You have to be prepared for the unknown.

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00:13:00,510 --> 00:13:04,169
And things are easier when they don't catch us off guard.

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00:13:04,859 --> 00:13:07,570
So every single podcast that you listen to,

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00:13:07,580 --> 00:13:11,210
it is equipping you for something that might occur in the future,

372
00:13:11,500 --> 00:13:13,059
and you will feel better prepared,

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00:13:13,219 --> 00:13:14,609
you will feel more confident,

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00:13:14,820 --> 00:13:16,210
you will feel more capable,

375
00:13:16,820 --> 00:13:19,039
and you will fall back on

376
00:13:19,299 --> 00:13:21,369
what you've heard and what you've learned

377
00:13:21,659 --> 00:13:23,890
and what you've gained from the work that you're putting in.

378
00:13:24,179 --> 00:13:24,659
So Krista,

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00:13:24,700 --> 00:13:27,179
thanks so much for that email and for letting me share that.

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00:13:27,979 --> 00:13:29,030
To all of you,

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00:13:29,219 --> 00:13:31,500
every single time you walk into a playroom,

382
00:13:31,859 --> 00:13:33,849
it's an opportunity to

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00:13:34,140 --> 00:13:36,530
fall in love all over again with what we do.

384
00:13:37,320 --> 00:13:41,020
And it's easy to get caught up in the skills and the knowledge and the training and

385
00:13:41,190 --> 00:13:42,219
all kinds of things.

386
00:13:43,049 --> 00:13:44,130
But the reality is,

387
00:13:44,140 --> 00:13:45,450
every single hour,

388
00:13:45,820 --> 00:13:47,090
it's a gift to us

389
00:13:47,539 --> 00:13:48,210
to be

390
00:13:48,460 --> 00:13:51,130
in that room with that child and have the honor

391
00:13:51,460 --> 00:13:53,750
of being included in their healing journey.

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00:13:54,590 --> 00:13:56,580
So every single time,

393
00:13:56,789 --> 00:13:59,270
it's an opportunity to fall back in love

394
00:13:59,669 --> 00:14:02,909
with why you are all in on CCPT,

395
00:14:03,229 --> 00:14:03,900
which is,

396
00:14:04,390 --> 00:14:06,549
if we are CCPT.

397
00:14:07,880 --> 00:14:09,599
It's just a matter of being.

398
00:14:10,719 --> 00:14:12,799
You just be with the child.

399
00:14:13,650 --> 00:14:14,989
And magical things happen.

400
00:14:15,580 --> 00:14:15,929
So,

401
00:14:15,940 --> 00:14:16,299
love y'all.

402
00:14:16,380 --> 00:14:17,260
We'll talk again soon.

403
00:14:17,460 --> 00:14:17,700
Bye.

404
00:14:18,690 --> 00:14:21,570
Thank you for listening to the Play Therapy Podcast with Dr.

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00:14:21,729 --> 00:14:22,650
Brenna Hicks.

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00:14:22,809 --> 00:14:24,770
For more episodes and resources,

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00:14:24,929 --> 00:14:29,650
please go to www.playtherapypodcast.com.

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