The Entire Backstory of How Chess Was Created and Used Through the Ages | Boring History

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It's funny in a way how entire 
periods of History end up being 

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named after materials. 
Most people never even stopped 

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to think about. 
Stone. 

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Bronze iron. 
But somewhere along the line, 

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one strange metal started 
changing things. 

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So completely that people built 
whole worlds around it, Without 

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Really noticing it happening at 
first. 

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A sharper tool here, a stronger 
blade, their trade routes 

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stretching further than they 
used to Villages turning into 

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cities a little faster than 
before to night. 

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We're just going to sit with 
that for a while the metal 

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itself. 
People working with it and the 

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slow almost invisible way at 
reshape. 

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The ancient world over 
generations and like everything 

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here on made for sleep. 
This episode comes together from

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historical research 
archaeological evidence and the 

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quieted details are team thinks 
worth lingering on So let the 

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rain drift around in the 
distance. 

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Let the Fire do its thing for a 
bit. 

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And if you're somehow still 
awake later tonight, feel free 

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to say hello in the comments and
mention, what time it is where 

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you are. 
Imagine a world with no printed 

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words, no, city maps, no clocks,
marking the hour, you would 

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still be bored. 
Sometimes that is perhaps the 

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most human detail in all of 
recorded history. 

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Long before chess existed, 
people were making boards 

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carving pieces and spending 
their evenings moving small 

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objects across flat surfaces and
games of skill and strategy. 

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The oldest board game ever 
found, is more than 5,000 years 

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old. 
Archaeologists pulled it from a 

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burial site in South Eastern, 
Iran, a simple grid, scratched 

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into stone. 
Around the same period, the 

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ancient Egyptians were playing a
game called Senate. 

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A word that translates roughly 
to passing. 

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The boards were long and narrow 
width, 30 squares arranged in 

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three rows of 10. 
The pieces moved according to 

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the throw of Flat Sticks and the
game carried deep spiritual 

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meaning Egyptians believed 
Senate model, the Journey of the

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Soul through the afterlife, 
which sounds quite dramatic for 

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what was essentially, a family 
passed time on a Tuesday 

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evening. 
If you would be, had been a 

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child in ancient Egypt, you 
might have played Senate every 

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evening by oil, lamp, not 
knowing you a participating in 

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something already 5,000 years 
old and considered a traditional

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by your grandparents. 
The royal game of her came from 

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Mesopotamia, the region between 
the Tigris and the Euphrates 

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rivers roughly where present day
Iraq. 

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Sits Boards from this game date 
back, approximately 4,700 years.

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The pieces were small and 
conical. 

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Beautifully decorated with 
inlaid shell and lapis lazuli. 

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The board itself was shaped like
two connected rectangles and 

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seven of its 20 squares. 
Bora rosette pattern that 

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carried special rules during 
play the British archaeologist 

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named Leonard. 
Woolley excavated these boards 

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during the 1920s and was so 
Charmed by the discovery that he

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helped decode. 
The original Rules by reading a 

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Babylonian clay taplan centuries
after the game was already in 

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common, use that detail. 
Deserves a moment of quiet 

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appreciation before moving on 
someone in ancient Babylon, felt

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it necessary to write down the 
rules of a board game presumably

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because people were arguing 
about them. 

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Some things do not change across
4,000 years, There were also 

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games played across ancient 
China games with pieces that 

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represented our armies 
territorial claims and resource 

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management. 
The Chinese game of lubo 

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documented over 2000 years ago, 
used Dice and aboard and carried

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symbolic weight in aristocratic 
circles. 

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Go, the abstract strategy game 
that still commands devoted 

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players today is at least 2,500 
years old, by most scholarly 

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estimates. 
The Chinese text known as the 

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Zodi written around 450 years 
before the Common Era, 

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references it as a Pursuit. 
Requiring serious mental effort 

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and discipline. 
All of these ancient games share

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something worth noticing, they 
are not random, they reward 

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thought they require patience. 
They mirror in miniature the 

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experience of navigating a 
complicated world with 

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incomplete information and 
unreliable allies. 

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In every culture that produced a
significant board game that game

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eventually became tight to 
questions of power virtue, 

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wisdom and Leadership. 
Rulers played them philosophers,

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analyzed them, moralists worried
about them. 

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This is not a coincidence. 
Human Minds seem to find comfort

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in the idea that the chaos of 
real life can be reduced to a 

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set of clear rules, a defined 
space and a finite number of 

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possible outcomes. 
You sit across from your 

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opponent or even across from 
yourself and you try to think 

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ahead, you consider 
consequences, you weigh risk in 

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the physical act of pushing a 
carved wooden piece across a 

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board. 
You're doing something that 

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feels in a small and deeply 
satisfying way like being in 

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control. 
The ancient world was full of 

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things, people could not 
control. 

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Floods droughts disease 
Invasion. 

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The unpredictable moods of 
rulers, the sudden failure of 

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harvests, But on a board at 
least you knew the rules going 

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in. 
By the time, the first century 

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of the Common Era arrived board 
games had settled deep into 

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aristocratic life across 
Eurasia. 

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Roman soldiers carried game 
boards on Military campaigns 

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etching the grids directly into 
stone floors at barracks and 

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checkpoints. 
Boards have been found carved 

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into the steps of the Colosseum 
in Rome which suggests the 

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guards found something useful to
do between shifts a Roman game 

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called ludus, meaning the game 
of little soldiers involved 

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moving pieces across a grid in 
ways that some historians 

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believe, anticipated, certain 
elements of the chest, 

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traditional though the exact 
rules remain debated. 

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The Romans also played a game 
called Merrills, a different 

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kind of grid. 
Base strategy game that survived

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into the medieval European 
tradition under various names. 

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Game boards carved into the 
paving stones of the Roman 

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Forum, the center of public life
in the capital of an Empire. 

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Tell you something about how 
embedded play was in the texture

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of ordinary daily existence. 
Chinese Court officials played 

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strategy games as both 
entertainment and mental 

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conditioning. 
Persian Nobles had their own 

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elegant pastimes for cool 
evenings in tiled Gardens. 

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The physical relationship 
between a human hand and a game 

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piece is worth pausing on for a 
moment. 

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When you pick up a chest piece 
and move it, you're doing 

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something with your hands, your 
eyes and your reasoning all at 

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once. 
The piece has weight. 

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It makes a sound when it touches
the board. 

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The action is tactile and 
immediate in a way that purely 

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mental calculation is not 
historians of cognition have 

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noted that this physical 
dimension of board games. 

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May be part of why they persist 
across so many cultures. 

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The board externalizes thought 
it makes the invisible visible. 

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you can look at the position and
see laid out in space, what you 

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have been thinking, That quality
distinguishes board games from 

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most other forms of intellectual
exercise. 

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And in the great sub-continent 
of India. 

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Something new was beginning to 
take shape. 

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It was not yet chess, it was 
something older, and stranger, 

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and more complicated. 
Something that would take 

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centuries to become the game. 
You recognize today. 

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But it carried the essential 
ingredient that all its 

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ancestors lacked. 
It had pieces that moved 

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differently from each other. 
Every prior game had used 

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uniform pieces governed by 
identical movement rules even 

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complex games, like go, which 
offers enormous strategic depth.

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Use only identical tokens placed
one by one onto a grid. 

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The coming Indian invention 
would Place distinct characters 

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onto the board each with its own
purpose, and its own range of 

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movement. 
That single design choice would 

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alter the direction of games 
history entirely. 

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You can think of it this way. 
Earlier games were like an army 

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where every Soldier carries the 
same weapon and fights the same 

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way. 
The new game was like an army 

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where one soldier carries a 
spear and advances one step at a

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time. 
Another rides, a horse and leaps

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over obstacles and other drives 
an elephant that crashes 

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diagonally across open ground. 
And one figure sits at the 

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center of everything, slow and 
deliberate unable to run and 

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unable to hide. 
That central figure would have 

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eventually become the king 
before we get there. 

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It is worth spending a moment 
with the physical world in which

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this invention was born. 
India. 

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During the 4th and 5th, 
centuries of the Common Era was 

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experiencing one of its most 
extraordinary periods of 

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cultural and intellectual 
flowering. 

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The Gupta Empire established 
relative stability across much 

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of the subcontinent. 
Mathematics was advancing at a 

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remarkable pace. 
Scholars of this period laid the

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foundations of the decimal 
number system and developed the 

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concept of 0 as a number in its 
own right. 

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Sanskrit literature was at its 
height. 

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Astronomers were making careful 
observations of the sky and 

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documenting their findings with 
extraordinary, precision. 

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In short people were thinking 
seriously and play at the same 

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time. 
The two Tendencies are not a 

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separate as they might appear. 
The game that would become chess

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Grew From This fertile. 
Curious literate, environment. 

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It did not emerge from a single 
flash of inspiration. 

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No one person invented, it, it 
accumulated the way, most 

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durable, things do through 
layers of small refinements. 

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Made by people whose names were 
never recorded. 

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And who were probably just 
trying to improve a game. 

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They already loved the early as 
written references to something 

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resembling chess appear in 
Sanskrit texts. 

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The world that keeps surfacing 
is chaturanga. 

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The meaning of that word pulled 
apart into its component. 

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Syllables is four divisions. 
And what were those four 

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divisions? 
They were the four branches of 

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the ancient Indian military 
organization. 

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The Infantry, the Cavalry, the 
war elephants and the Chariots, 

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each branch would become a 
distinct type of piece on the 

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board each moving according to 
the nature of what it 

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represented. 
There it is. 

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The entire logic of Chess 
compressed into two Sanskrit, 

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words for divisions the borders.
Set the pieces are placed and 

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somewhere along the old trade 
routes heading. 

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North west through the passes of
the Hindu Kush and across the 

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Great Iranian Plateau. 
The idea is beginning to travel.

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The name chaturanga appears most
clearly in a Sanskrit texts 

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called the husher rickon around 
the seventh century of the 

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Common Era by a poet named 
Banner. 

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The text is a biography of the 
king named harsher and chess is 

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mentioned in, passing the way, 
you might reference a card game 

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in a novel set in an Edwardian 
Country House. 

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Simply there the assumed to be 
familiar. 

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Requirement no explanation for 
the reader. 

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Battle hand quality is 
historically useful because it 

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suggests the game had already 
been part of life. 

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00:11:40,100 --> 00:11:41,500
Long enough to need no 
introduction. 

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00:11:42,500 --> 00:11:44,900
By the time anyone was writing 
it down, as a cultural 

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reference, it had already 
settled into the furniture of 

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educated daily life. 
The rules of early chaturanga 

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00:11:52,000 --> 00:11:54,300
and not entirely certain 
scholarly. 

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00:11:54,300 --> 00:11:57,800
Reconstruction has been careful 
and cautious drawing from 

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several Indian texts as well as 
later. 

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00:12:00,100 --> 00:12:03,200
Persian and Arabic sources that 
describe what they inherited. 

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00:12:04,300 --> 00:12:07,300
But the general picture is 
consistent enough to sketch with

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reasonable confidence. 
The board was eight squares by 8

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square. 
The same grid chest, still uses 

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00:12:13,900 --> 00:12:16,400
today. 
Four players could participate, 

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each controlling a small army 
placed in one corner of the 

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board. 
Alternatively, two players could

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command opposite forces. 
Without the four way aren't The 

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pieces represented, the four 
divisions of the military and 

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each type of Peace moved. 
According to the nature of what 

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it depicted. 
The Infantry piece moved, one 

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square forward and captured one 
square diagonally. 

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00:12:40,000 --> 00:12:43,400
It was the smallest slowest 
piece on the board and it 

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occupied the second row in front
of each Army. 

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00:12:46,800 --> 00:12:50,400
Sound familiar. 
This is the pawn almost 

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unchanged across 15th. 
Centuries of recorded play the 

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Infantry Soldier. 
Shuffling forward one careful 

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step at a time Expendable in 
number, but occasionally 

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00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:03,900
decisive in position survived, 
every cultural transformation, 

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00:13:03,900 --> 00:13:08,000
the game would undergo. 
The Cavalry piece moved in an 

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00:13:08,000 --> 00:13:11,800
irregular leap advancing. 
Two squares in One Direction and

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00:13:11,800 --> 00:13:13,400
then one square at a right 
angle. 

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00:13:13,408 --> 00:13:16,600
Like a route through a crowded 
city where the direct path is 

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00:13:16,600 --> 00:13:19,400
blocked. 
This movement is harder to 

236
00:13:19,400 --> 00:13:21,700
describe an instantly 
recognizable. 

237
00:13:21,700 --> 00:13:25,500
The moment you see it, 
demonstrated, this is the night.

238
00:13:25,500 --> 00:13:29,300
One of the most beloved and 
counter-intuitive pieces in all 

239
00:13:29,300 --> 00:13:33,300
of Chess history. 
Fact that it jumps over pieces 

240
00:13:33,300 --> 00:13:36,600
rather than sliding past that it
cannot be blocked. 

241
00:13:36,600 --> 00:13:40,400
Gives it a character, unlike 
anything else on the board. 

242
00:13:41,800 --> 00:13:44,100
Experienced players. 
Call it unpredictable. 

243
00:13:45,300 --> 00:13:49,300
Beginners, call it confusing. 
Children, almost universally 

244
00:13:49,300 --> 00:13:52,500
call it, their favorite. 
The elephant piece, moved 

245
00:13:52,500 --> 00:13:56,700
diagonally two squares at time, 
skipping over whatever satin 

246
00:13:56,700 --> 00:14:00,100
between in later versions of the
game, this diagonal movement 

247
00:14:00,100 --> 00:14:03,700
would be simplified considerably
but the bishop in modern chess 

248
00:14:03,700 --> 00:14:05,500
is. 
This piece is direct descendant.

249
00:14:05,500 --> 00:14:07,600
Still moving only on the 
diagonal. 

250
00:14:07,600 --> 00:14:10,100
Still slipping through the gaps 
that other piece is leave. 

251
00:14:10,100 --> 00:14:13,300
Open Chariot moved in straight 
lines. 

252
00:14:13,300 --> 00:14:16,000
Any number of squares, 
horizontally? 

253
00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:20,400
Or vertically sweeping across 
open board, like, a cart on a 

254
00:14:20,400 --> 00:14:24,200
cleared Road. 
This is The Rook The modern name

255
00:14:24,200 --> 00:14:28,000
has nothing to do with Towers or
fortifications, despite the 

256
00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:32,200
castle-shaped piece that most 
contemporary chest, sets use the

257
00:14:32,200 --> 00:14:35,300
word, Rook traveled through 
Persian and Arabic, and 

258
00:14:35,300 --> 00:14:38,600
eventually into European 
languages and lost the original 

259
00:14:38,600 --> 00:14:41,100
meaning of Chariot entirely 
somewhere along the way. 

260
00:14:42,400 --> 00:14:45,400
But the movement patterns 
survived perfectly intact. 

261
00:14:46,400 --> 00:14:48,700
Some ideas maintain their 
essential character of 

262
00:14:48,700 --> 00:14:52,100
translations, even when 
everything else changes around 

263
00:14:52,100 --> 00:14:55,300
them. 
At the center of each Army set 

264
00:14:55,300 --> 00:15:00,200
two Royal figures. 
One was the Roger King, the Raja

265
00:15:00,200 --> 00:15:02,000
moved. 
One square in any direction, 

266
00:15:02,000 --> 00:15:03,500
slowly. 
And carefully. 

267
00:15:03,500 --> 00:15:07,900
Exactly as the king does in 
modern chess, the Raja could not

268
00:15:07,900 --> 00:15:09,800
be captured. 
To Corner. 

269
00:15:09,800 --> 00:15:12,000
The Roger with no Escape was to 
win the game. 

270
00:15:12,900 --> 00:15:14,900
The king in Chess has always 
been the peace. 

271
00:15:14,900 --> 00:15:18,100
You must protect of all others. 
Not because the king is powerful

272
00:15:18,100 --> 00:15:22,500
but precisely because the king 
is not The other Royal figure, 

273
00:15:22,500 --> 00:15:24,500
was the counselor called the 
mantri. 

274
00:15:24,500 --> 00:15:27,400
This piece moved, one square 
diagonally. 

275
00:15:27,400 --> 00:15:31,900
That is all one square 
diagonally in any of four 

276
00:15:31,900 --> 00:15:36,300
directions, this modest limited 
piece would eventually undergo, 

277
00:15:36,300 --> 00:15:39,600
the most dramatic transformation
of any figure in chess history. 

278
00:15:39,600 --> 00:15:42,700
Becoming the most powerful piece
on the board. 

279
00:15:42,700 --> 00:15:45,300
But that story belongs to a 
later chapter. 

280
00:15:45,300 --> 00:15:49,100
And for now, the mantri sits 
quietly at the rajas side, 

281
00:15:49,100 --> 00:15:52,600
taking its one careful step, 
while the more dramatic piece is

282
00:15:52,600 --> 00:15:55,200
claimed attention. 
The philosophical texture of 

283
00:15:55,208 --> 00:15:58,200
chaturanga is worth dwelling on 
for a few minutes because it 

284
00:15:58,200 --> 00:16:00,500
reveals something. 
Meaningful about how ancient 

285
00:16:00,500 --> 00:16:03,000
Indian thinkers understood power
and governance. 

286
00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:07,500
The game was not at its core 
about destruction, it was about 

287
00:16:07,500 --> 00:16:10,700
the management of competing 
forces in the careful allocation

288
00:16:10,700 --> 00:16:15,400
of limited resources. 
The King was Central but Fragile

289
00:16:15,400 --> 00:16:18,600
on his own. 
Victory came not through raw 

290
00:16:18,600 --> 00:16:22,600
power but through coordination 
and anticipation, and the 

291
00:16:22,608 --> 00:16:24,600
patient use of everything 
available. 

292
00:16:24,600 --> 00:16:28,600
This design carries a kind of 
political wisdom that is not 

293
00:16:28,600 --> 00:16:31,500
accidental. 
King cannot win alone. 

294
00:16:31,500 --> 00:16:34,100
Every piece serves a distinct 
purpose. 

295
00:16:34,100 --> 00:16:37,700
The lowest infantry Soldier 
placed correctly. 

296
00:16:37,700 --> 00:16:40,400
At the right moment, can 
sometimes determine the outcome 

297
00:16:40,400 --> 00:16:43,600
of the entire game. 
Indian Scholars of the period 

298
00:16:43,600 --> 00:16:47,300
were deeply concerned, with 
questions of statecraft and the 

299
00:16:47,300 --> 00:16:51,200
text known as the Arthur shastra
associated with a thinker called

300
00:16:51,200 --> 00:16:54,800
kautilya, laid out elaborate 
Frameworks for how Kingdom 

301
00:16:54,800 --> 00:17:00,000
should be governed defended and 
maintained Chaturanga and 

302
00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:02,300
political philosophy were 
drawing from the same well of 

303
00:17:02,300 --> 00:17:04,700
ideas. 
The pieces themselves were 

304
00:17:04,700 --> 00:17:08,300
almost certainly beautiful 
objects in courtly setting, I 

305
00:17:08,300 --> 00:17:12,700
was a prize material in gutter 
era in India and skilled crafts.

306
00:17:12,700 --> 00:17:15,700
People worked at into intricate 
shapes for wealthy patrons. 

307
00:17:16,800 --> 00:17:21,200
Game pieces carved from Ivory 
seek sandalwood and Polished 

308
00:17:21,200 --> 00:17:22,500
Stone. 
Have been found in 

309
00:17:22,500 --> 00:17:25,200
archaeological context across 
the Indian subcontinent. 

310
00:17:25,200 --> 00:17:28,900
And while not all of these can 
be definitively identified as 

311
00:17:28,900 --> 00:17:31,900
chaturanga pieces. 
They point to a culture in which

312
00:17:31,900 --> 00:17:36,100
objects used for play were made 
with care and treated as things 

313
00:17:36,100 --> 00:17:39,300
worth preserving The act of 
playing was not considered 

314
00:17:39,300 --> 00:17:41,700
trivial. 
The board on, which one played 

315
00:17:41,700 --> 00:17:45,200
was not considered disposable 
even in its earliest recorded 

316
00:17:45,200 --> 00:17:48,600
form chess occupied a space in 
human material culture that was 

317
00:17:48,600 --> 00:17:52,200
taken seriously. 
There is also something quietly 

318
00:17:52,200 --> 00:17:54,300
extraordinary about the scale of
the game. 

319
00:17:54,300 --> 00:17:57,000
The board is small enough to 
hold in your lap. 

320
00:17:57,000 --> 00:17:59,700
The pieces are small enough to 
close your fingers around. 

321
00:18:01,000 --> 00:18:04,000
But the game played on that 
modest, surface was intended to 

322
00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:06,000
represent the largest possible 
Stakes. 

323
00:18:07,000 --> 00:18:11,700
Fate of a kingdom, the movement 
of armies, the survival of a 

324
00:18:11,700 --> 00:18:15,300
ruler and everything, under 
their protection, the Gupta, 

325
00:18:15,300 --> 00:18:19,200
period, produced The Poet, 
kalidasa, whose plays and poems,

326
00:18:19,200 --> 00:18:22,100
remain among the most celebrated
works in the Sanskrit literary 

327
00:18:22,100 --> 00:18:24,600
tradition. 
It produced the mathematician 

328
00:18:24,600 --> 00:18:28,900
Arabic hitter, who calculated a 
close approximation of Pi and 

329
00:18:28,900 --> 00:18:31,800
proposed rotating Earth 
centuries before European 

330
00:18:31,800 --> 00:18:33,500
science. 
Reached similar conclusions. 

331
00:18:34,800 --> 00:18:37,900
These were mines operating at a 
frequency that the rest of the 

332
00:18:37,900 --> 00:18:42,200
world would take a long time to 
match and chaturanga emerged 

333
00:18:42,200 --> 00:18:45,700
from the same cultural soil. 
There is a legend told in 

334
00:18:45,700 --> 00:18:48,500
several versions and attached to
the origins of Chess, and 

335
00:18:48,500 --> 00:18:52,000
various cultures about a wise 
person who presents the game to 

336
00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:55,500
a powerful King. 
In one version, a minister 

337
00:18:55,500 --> 00:18:57,300
devices the game to demonstrate 
that. 

338
00:18:57,300 --> 00:18:59,700
No ruler can succeed without 
skilled. 

339
00:18:59,700 --> 00:19:03,000
Advisors the king is Charmed and
offers any reward. 

340
00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:06,100
The minister names. 
The minister asks for something 

341
00:19:06,100 --> 00:19:09,300
that sounds modest. 
One grain of rice for the first 

342
00:19:09,300 --> 00:19:12,900
square of the board, two for the
second four, for the third, and 

343
00:19:12,900 --> 00:19:17,200
so on doubling with each Square 
until all 64 of being counted. 

344
00:19:17,900 --> 00:19:20,900
The king laughs at what seems 
like a trivially small request. 

345
00:19:20,900 --> 00:19:24,900
His treasury Master does not 
laugh because when you reach the

346
00:19:24,900 --> 00:19:29,400
64th Square, the total number of
grains required is larger than 

347
00:19:29,400 --> 00:19:33,000
the entire rice production of 
the Known World multiplied. 

348
00:19:33,000 --> 00:19:37,300
Many times over This story 
cannot be pinned to finally, to 

349
00:19:37,300 --> 00:19:41,100
any single origin, but it keeps 
attaching itself to chess across

350
00:19:41,100 --> 00:19:44,300
cultures because something about
the game and this mathematical 

351
00:19:44,300 --> 00:19:48,500
Fable feel deeply related. 
Both are about the deceptive 

352
00:19:48,500 --> 00:19:51,400
depth hidden inside a surface, 
that looks simple. 

353
00:19:52,200 --> 00:19:56,900
Aboard with 64 squares, a 
handful of carved pieces and 

354
00:19:56,900 --> 00:19:59,900
below the surface more 
possibility than any human 

355
00:19:59,900 --> 00:20:03,800
lifetime could exhaust. 
The game traveled along trade 

356
00:20:03,800 --> 00:20:07,400
routes the way, all the best 
ideas do merchants. 

357
00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:10,600
And diplomats moving North West 
through the mountain passes, 

358
00:20:10,600 --> 00:20:14,100
carried it into Persia. 
There it would encounter a 

359
00:20:14,100 --> 00:20:16,500
civilization with its own. 
Traditions, of elegant 

360
00:20:16,500 --> 00:20:20,300
abstraction, its own love of 
language, and formal Gardens, 

361
00:20:20,300 --> 00:20:22,900
and the precise management of 
complex systems. 

362
00:20:24,300 --> 00:20:27,100
Persians would give the game. 
Its first dramatic 

363
00:20:27,100 --> 00:20:29,700
transformation. 
They would also give it two 

364
00:20:29,700 --> 00:20:32,700
words that still live inside 
chess today words. 

365
00:20:32,700 --> 00:20:35,900
So thoroughly embedded that most
players never noticed. 

366
00:20:35,900 --> 00:20:38,500
They are speaking the Persian 
language of the 6th Century 

367
00:20:38,508 --> 00:20:42,300
every single time they play the 
Assassin need Empire stretched 

368
00:20:42,300 --> 00:20:46,100
across what is now. 
Iran Iraq parts of Central Asia 

369
00:20:46,100 --> 00:20:48,300
and portions of the Arabian 
peninsula. 

370
00:20:49,700 --> 00:20:53,100
At its height during the 5th and
6th centuries of the Common Era,

371
00:20:53,100 --> 00:20:56,300
it was one of the two dominant 
powers in the Known World. 

372
00:20:56,300 --> 00:21:01,000
The other being the Byzantine 
Empire to its West Assassinated 

373
00:21:01,000 --> 00:21:05,100
Persia had a sophisticated Court
culture, a love of intellectual 

374
00:21:05,100 --> 00:21:08,300
competition, a tradition of 
elaborating closed garden 

375
00:21:08,300 --> 00:21:11,600
design, and a deep appreciation 
for games of skill. 

376
00:21:13,000 --> 00:21:16,000
When chaturanga arrived from 
India, the Persians received it 

377
00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:19,500
with considerable enthusiasm, 
the game they developed from the

378
00:21:19,500 --> 00:21:22,300
Indian original was called 
chatrang, which eventually 

379
00:21:22,300 --> 00:21:26,200
became shatranj. 
The word is a direct phonetic 

380
00:21:26,200 --> 00:21:30,100
adaptation of chaturanga, the 
syllable softened and slightly 

381
00:21:30,100 --> 00:21:32,800
rearranged by Persian 
pronunciation patterns. 

382
00:21:32,800 --> 00:21:36,700
This kind of transformation 
happened constantly along the 

383
00:21:36,700 --> 00:21:40,600
old trade routes ideas passing 
through languages the way cloth,

384
00:21:40,600 --> 00:21:43,100
picks up different dies. 
As it changes, Hands Across 

385
00:21:43,100 --> 00:21:46,700
markets, The Persians made 
several important adjustments to

386
00:21:46,700 --> 00:21:49,100
the game. 
The four player variant, which 

387
00:21:49,100 --> 00:21:53,200
required complex coordination or
outright rivalry, among all four

388
00:21:53,200 --> 00:21:56,300
corners was simplified into a 
two-player form. 

389
00:21:57,000 --> 00:22:00,500
This change gave the game 
greater focus and made it far 

390
00:22:00,500 --> 00:22:02,800
more accessible to casual and 
serious players. 

391
00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:08,500
Alike, two players, two armies, 
one board, one outcome The logic

392
00:22:08,500 --> 00:22:12,400
became cleaner and the drama 
more concentrated. the piece 

393
00:22:12,400 --> 00:22:15,900
names were translated into 
Persian equivalents the Raja 

394
00:22:15,900 --> 00:22:19,900
became the Shah You already know
that word, it means king. 

395
00:22:20,800 --> 00:22:24,000
The counselor or Minister became
the fathers in a word in 

396
00:22:24,000 --> 00:22:26,000
decaying a wise and Powerful 
advisor. 

397
00:22:26,800 --> 00:22:30,900
The elephant became the pill, 
The Chariot became the Rook the 

398
00:22:30,900 --> 00:22:34,400
Cavalry remained Cavalry. 
Now called the ass meaning horse

399
00:22:34,400 --> 00:22:37,700
infantry became the pr 
meaningful Soldier. 

400
00:22:37,700 --> 00:22:41,200
The core movement rules remained
very close to their Indian 

401
00:22:41,200 --> 00:22:43,600
Originals. 
What changed most significantly 

402
00:22:43,600 --> 00:22:47,100
was the game's relationship to 
language and ceremony the 

403
00:22:47,100 --> 00:22:49,600
Persians introduced, the 
practice of announcing check. 

404
00:22:50,400 --> 00:22:53,300
When your piece is threatened 
the opponent's Char you are 

405
00:22:53,300 --> 00:22:55,400
expected to call out a formal 
warning. 

406
00:22:55,400 --> 00:22:59,400
The word used was simply Shah 
announcing to your opponent that

407
00:22:59,400 --> 00:23:03,100
their King was in danger. 
The opponent was then obligated 

408
00:23:03,100 --> 00:23:05,800
to address this threat before 
making any other move. 

409
00:23:06,700 --> 00:23:10,000
When the king had no escape from
the threat, no matter what the 

410
00:23:10,000 --> 00:23:12,300
defending player tried the game 
was over. 

411
00:23:13,500 --> 00:23:17,700
The announcement of this final 
and inescapable position became 

412
00:23:17,700 --> 00:23:23,400
sharp matte meaning the king is 
helpless or sometimes translated

413
00:23:23,400 --> 00:23:26,500
as the king is dead. 
Charmed. 

414
00:23:27,300 --> 00:23:30,600
Checkmate. 
Those two personal words have 

415
00:23:30,600 --> 00:23:33,500
been in continuous use for 
roughly 1400 years. 

416
00:23:33,500 --> 00:23:36,600
Every time you say, Checkmate 
your speaking, the court 

417
00:23:36,600 --> 00:23:39,800
language of the assassinated 
Empire that deserves a moment. 

418
00:23:39,800 --> 00:23:43,500
Before we continue a person text
from the early seventh century 

419
00:23:43,500 --> 00:23:46,500
called The Wizard shiny chapter 
trying, which translates roughly

420
00:23:46,500 --> 00:23:50,300
as the explanation of Chess, 
tells the story of how the game 

421
00:23:50,300 --> 00:23:54,700
arrived in Persia from India. 
In the telling an Indian king 

422
00:23:54,700 --> 00:23:57,700
sends the board and pieces to 
the assassinated Court, as a 

423
00:23:57,700 --> 00:24:01,800
formal challenge asking, the 
Persian Scholars to deduce, the 

424
00:24:01,800 --> 00:24:05,400
rules through, observation and 
reasoning alone without any 

425
00:24:05,400 --> 00:24:08,800
instruction. 
The Persian courtiers succeed 

426
00:24:08,800 --> 00:24:12,000
after careful study. 
Which the text presents as 

427
00:24:12,000 --> 00:24:14,400
evidence of Persian intellectual
superiority. 

428
00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:17,800
The Indian king is reportedly 
impressed. 

429
00:24:18,600 --> 00:24:22,100
Tributes exchanged. 
Everyone is diplomatically 

430
00:24:22,100 --> 00:24:25,200
satisfied. 
This story is almost certainly 

431
00:24:25,200 --> 00:24:27,000
more Legend than documented 
history. 

432
00:24:27,800 --> 00:24:30,400
But it reveals how the Persians 
thought about Chess. 

433
00:24:31,100 --> 00:24:34,400
It was not merely a game, it was
a test of cultivated 

434
00:24:34,400 --> 00:24:37,400
intelligence. 
Persian nobleman who could not 

435
00:24:37,400 --> 00:24:39,400
play the game? 
Well were considered somewhat 

436
00:24:39,400 --> 00:24:41,000
lacking in the mental 
refinement. 

437
00:24:41,000 --> 00:24:44,700
Expected of their class, the 
sixth Century sassanid, King 

438
00:24:44,700 --> 00:24:48,900
Cosgrove, the first known by the
honorifica new shervin, which 

439
00:24:48,900 --> 00:24:52,500
translates as in Mortal Soul was
particularly associated with 

440
00:24:52,500 --> 00:24:56,700
chess in later literary sources.
His Reign is remembered as a 

441
00:24:56,700 --> 00:25:00,500
period of administrative reform 
and cultural flourishing and 

442
00:25:00,500 --> 00:25:03,200
chess featured prominently in 
the court atmosphere. 

443
00:25:03,200 --> 00:25:07,300
He cultivated Stories about 
kozoroh and chess appear in 

444
00:25:07,308 --> 00:25:09,600
numerous later, Persian and 
Arabic texts. 

445
00:25:10,500 --> 00:25:13,700
Attaching his name to the game. 
The way legendary figures become

446
00:25:13,700 --> 00:25:16,700
associated with the gold and 
periods of cultural achievement.

447
00:25:16,700 --> 00:25:21,500
The game also carried moral way 
to Persian culture, a chess 

448
00:25:21,500 --> 00:25:25,500
manual, reconstructed from later
Arabic sources, which preserved,

449
00:25:25,500 --> 00:25:28,500
much of the earlier, Persian 
content, discusses how different

450
00:25:28,500 --> 00:25:31,100
style of play, reflect different
qualities of character. 

451
00:25:32,300 --> 00:25:35,000
An aggressive and careless 
player reveals one kind of 

452
00:25:35,000 --> 00:25:38,400
temperament. patient and 
methodical player reveals 

453
00:25:38,400 --> 00:25:41,600
another The board became a 
mirror in which one could 

454
00:25:41,600 --> 00:25:44,800
observe one's own habits of 
thought. this is a function 

455
00:25:44,800 --> 00:25:49,600
chest would continue to serve in
every culture it entered Persian

456
00:25:49,600 --> 00:25:52,000
poetry from the centuries 
following the assassinated 

457
00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:55,500
period, absorbed chess is a 
natural metaphor for The Human 

458
00:25:55,500 --> 00:25:59,000
Condition in ways. 
That feel unexpectedly modern, 

459
00:25:59,800 --> 00:26:03,700
The greater 11th century poet. 
Omar khayyam writing in Persian 

460
00:26:03,700 --> 00:26:07,800
about fate and the smallness of 
human ambition, used the chess 

461
00:26:07,800 --> 00:26:10,900
board as a recurring image. 
In his vision. 

462
00:26:10,900 --> 00:26:14,200
Human beings are pieces. 
Moved across the board of 

463
00:26:14,200 --> 00:26:17,700
existence by hand. 
They cannot see making their 

464
00:26:17,700 --> 00:26:20,700
appointed moves without fully 
understanding the game being 

465
00:26:20,700 --> 00:26:23,600
played around them. 
Whether this constitutes a 

466
00:26:23,600 --> 00:26:27,900
pessimistic reading of Chess or 
a pessimistic reading of life is

467
00:26:27,900 --> 00:26:29,900
a question. 
I am left pleasantly. 

468
00:26:29,900 --> 00:26:33,800
Open the image is powerful 
precisely because it works in 

469
00:26:33,800 --> 00:26:36,800
both directions. 
Chess was already embedded 

470
00:26:36,800 --> 00:26:40,200
deeply enough in Persian 
literary culture that a poet 

471
00:26:40,200 --> 00:26:43,000
could use it to short-hand for 
the entire mystery of human 

472
00:26:43,000 --> 00:26:46,800
existence and expect his readers
to understand immediately. 

473
00:26:48,100 --> 00:26:52,400
Chess pieces from the sassanid 
period found through careful 

474
00:26:52,400 --> 00:26:55,500
archaeological excavation across
the Iranian plateau and 

475
00:26:55,500 --> 00:26:58,700
neighboring regions were small 
and simple in form. 

476
00:26:59,600 --> 00:27:03,300
They were made from materials 
like ivory bone and Hardwood. 

477
00:27:04,200 --> 00:27:07,800
Crucially, the pieces were not 
figurative, representations of 

478
00:27:07,800 --> 00:27:10,900
Horsemen or elephants. 
They were abstract geometric 

479
00:27:10,900 --> 00:27:13,500
shapes, a small column for the 
king. 

480
00:27:14,300 --> 00:27:17,300
A bifurcated form at the top for
what would become the bishop. 

481
00:27:17,300 --> 00:27:20,900
A gentle curves suggesting a 
horse's head for the Cavalry 

482
00:27:20,900 --> 00:27:23,400
piece. 
This abstract visual style, 

483
00:27:23,400 --> 00:27:26,700
would prove extremely important 
for the games next cultural 

484
00:27:26,700 --> 00:27:30,300
transition. 
The sassanid empire fell to the 

485
00:27:30,300 --> 00:27:33,600
Arab armies in the middle of the
seventh century, with the final 

486
00:27:33,600 --> 00:27:36,900
collapse coming around 651 of 
the Common Era. 

487
00:27:36,900 --> 00:27:39,600
This was one of the most 
significant geopolitical 

488
00:27:39,600 --> 00:27:43,700
transformations in the history 
of the ancient world reshaping 

489
00:27:43,700 --> 00:27:47,100
territory from the Arabian 
Peninsula, to the borders of 

490
00:27:47,100 --> 00:27:49,300
Central Asia, within a single 
generation. 

491
00:27:50,600 --> 00:27:52,900
Persian Court culture did not 
disappear. 

492
00:27:52,900 --> 00:27:56,400
However, It was absorbed into 
the expanding Islamic 

493
00:27:56,400 --> 00:27:59,500
civilization with considerable 
respect and deliberate care. 

494
00:28:00,800 --> 00:28:04,000
Persian Scholars, became Central
figures in the intellectual life

495
00:28:04,000 --> 00:28:07,500
of the new Abbasid caliphate. 
Persian literary and 

496
00:28:07,500 --> 00:28:10,200
philosophical traditions, 
survived and shaped the 

497
00:28:10,200 --> 00:28:13,200
developing culture of the 
Islamic World in ways that 

498
00:28:13,200 --> 00:28:14,900
Scholars are still tracing 
today. 

499
00:28:16,000 --> 00:28:18,800
Survived with them. 
And the abstract assassinated 

500
00:28:18,800 --> 00:28:21,500
pieces would help it make the 
crossing into a new cultural 

501
00:28:21,500 --> 00:28:25,400
world with remarkable ease. 
The game crossed into Arabic 

502
00:28:25,400 --> 00:28:28,800
culture with a name, derived 
directly from shatranj and it 

503
00:28:28,808 --> 00:28:32,000
would find in the Islamic world.
It's most prolific early period 

504
00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:35,000
of dedicated scholarly 
attention, formal, chess, 

505
00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:36,900
literature. 
Something that had not existed 

506
00:28:36,900 --> 00:28:41,200
in Indio Persia in any organized
way was about to emerge for the 

507
00:28:41,200 --> 00:28:44,100
first time. 
Baghdad was built in a circle. 

508
00:28:44,100 --> 00:28:48,200
This fact tends to stop people 
from a moment because cities are

509
00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:51,200
not generally. 
Build in circles, the Abbasid 

510
00:28:51,200 --> 00:28:55,700
Khalifa on mansoura, who founded
the city in 762 of the Common 

511
00:28:55,700 --> 00:29:00,500
Era had it designed as a perfect
Round 4, with 4 Gates, pointing 

512
00:29:00,500 --> 00:29:06,000
toward the Cardinal Direction's.
The city was called Madina, El 

513
00:29:06,000 --> 00:29:11,000
Salam city of peace and at its 
Center at the caliph's palace on

514
00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:13,800
the great mosque. 
Arranged concentrically like the

515
00:29:13,800 --> 00:29:17,900
rings of a slow-growing tree. 
By the early ninth Century 

516
00:29:17,900 --> 00:29:20,600
Baghdad, had become the largest 
city in the world outside of 

517
00:29:20,600 --> 00:29:24,000
China with a population. 
Estimated in the hundreds of 

518
00:29:24,008 --> 00:29:28,000
thousands, the House of Wisdom, 
a translation center and library

519
00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:31,500
established, by the Obesity 
caliphs, the systematically 

520
00:29:31,500 --> 00:29:35,900
collecting text from Greek, 
Persian Sanskrit, and other 

521
00:29:35,900 --> 00:29:38,600
traditions, and rendering them 
into Arabic. 

522
00:29:39,500 --> 00:29:43,300
This extraordinary intellectual 
project made Baghdad a center of

523
00:29:43,300 --> 00:29:48,900
mathematics, astronomy medicine 
philosophy and the Art of 

524
00:29:48,900 --> 00:29:52,100
argument. 
It also made Baghdad a city of 

525
00:29:52,108 --> 00:29:55,500
chess players. 
The Abbasid caliphs were deeply 

526
00:29:55,500 --> 00:29:59,200
fond of the game. 
Al-rasheed whose Reign provided 

527
00:29:59,200 --> 00:30:01,700
the setting for many of the 
stories of eventually gathered 

528
00:30:01,700 --> 00:30:05,500
in to the Arabian Nights was set
to play regularly in the company

529
00:30:05,500 --> 00:30:09,900
of courtiers and Scholars. 
His son al-amin was reportedly, 

530
00:30:09,900 --> 00:30:12,500
so absorbed by chess that 
advisors. 

531
00:30:12,500 --> 00:30:15,800
Sometimes struggled to draw his 
attention toward urgent State 

532
00:30:15,800 --> 00:30:19,800
matters, which is the kind of 
biographical detail that makes a

533
00:30:19,800 --> 00:30:22,400
historical figure suddenly feels
very recognizable. 

534
00:30:23,600 --> 00:30:25,800
What made the Islamic engagement
with chess? 

535
00:30:25,800 --> 00:30:29,000
Historically extraordinary was 
not, merely the playing of the 

536
00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:31,100
game. 
It was the writing about it. 

537
00:30:32,100 --> 00:30:35,200
Arabic chest literature from the
8th, through the 10th, centuries

538
00:30:35,200 --> 00:30:38,400
represents the first systematic 
body of Chess scholarship in the

539
00:30:38,400 --> 00:30:41,400
world. 
Nothing comparable had existed 

540
00:30:41,400 --> 00:30:45,100
in India or Persia. 
Arab Scholars developed opening 

541
00:30:45,100 --> 00:30:49,700
Theory, analyzed endgames with 
mathematical rigor classified, 

542
00:30:49,700 --> 00:30:53,300
strong players by skill, level 
and debated, fine, points of 

543
00:30:53,300 --> 00:30:57,100
rules, and proper conduct. 
The chess writers of this period

544
00:30:57,100 --> 00:31:00,400
were called The Chess Masters 
and they held something close to

545
00:31:00,400 --> 00:31:03,900
Celebrity Status in educated 
circles across the Islamic 

546
00:31:03,900 --> 00:31:06,900
world. 
The most celebrated of these 

547
00:31:06,900 --> 00:31:10,900
Masters was out Atlee who wrote 
the first dedicated chess manual

548
00:31:10,900 --> 00:31:14,300
in the Arabic language around, 
840 of the Common Era. 

549
00:31:14,300 --> 00:31:18,100
The work covered opening 
tactical problems in Game Theory

550
00:31:18,100 --> 00:31:20,800
and the relative strength of 
contemporary players. 

551
00:31:20,800 --> 00:31:24,400
A generation later. 
A master named al-razi 

552
00:31:24,400 --> 00:31:28,100
reportedly surpassed our adley 
in direct competition, causing 

553
00:31:28,100 --> 00:31:31,400
considerable excitement in chess
circles and prompting. 

554
00:31:31,400 --> 00:31:34,000
I'll add later revised and 
extend his theoretical 

555
00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:37,500
framework. 
This Dynamic, the reigning 

556
00:31:37,500 --> 00:31:39,700
Authority challenged by a 
stronger. 

557
00:31:39,700 --> 00:31:43,100
Successor is one that will 
reappear at every major turning 

558
00:31:43,100 --> 00:31:47,500
point in chess history. 
Field advances through 

559
00:31:47,500 --> 00:31:51,500
displacement, these writers also
developed a particular kind of 

560
00:31:51,508 --> 00:31:53,800
Chess puzzle, called the 
mansuba. 

561
00:31:54,500 --> 00:31:58,000
A composed position designed to 
present a specific challenge 

562
00:31:58,000 --> 00:32:00,100
with a surprising or beautiful 
solution. 

563
00:32:00,900 --> 00:32:04,000
Collections of man's swoobat 
were a popular literary form, 

564
00:32:04,000 --> 00:32:07,300
shared among enthusiasts the way
puzzle books travel among 

565
00:32:07,300 --> 00:32:10,700
readers today. 
Pleasure of a well-made man, 

566
00:32:10,700 --> 00:32:13,300
super was the pleasure of 
discovering that the obvious 

567
00:32:13,300 --> 00:32:16,700
approach, fails completely, and 
that the correct answer requires

568
00:32:16,700 --> 00:32:19,000
seeing the board in an entirely 
different way. 

569
00:32:19,000 --> 00:32:23,600
This sensation, the sudden shift
of perception that good chest 

570
00:32:23,600 --> 00:32:26,100
problems. 
Produce is something players 

571
00:32:26,100 --> 00:32:29,600
across every culture in the era 
of described in very similar 

572
00:32:29,600 --> 00:32:33,200
terms. 
The geographic spread of Chess 

573
00:32:33,200 --> 00:32:35,300
through the Islamic World during
this period. 

574
00:32:35,300 --> 00:32:39,500
Covered in an enormous range, 
the game traveled west across 

575
00:32:39,500 --> 00:32:42,800
North Africa, and into Spain, 
which came under Moorish 

576
00:32:42,800 --> 00:32:47,600
political control from 711 of 
the Common Era onward and 

577
00:32:47,600 --> 00:32:50,600
remained. 
So, for several centuries, It 

578
00:32:50,600 --> 00:32:54,100
moved East through Central, Asia
toward the borders of Tang 

579
00:32:54,100 --> 00:32:58,400
Dynasty China. it moved North 
through the Caucasus and into 

580
00:32:58,400 --> 00:33:02,800
the cultural orbit of Byzantine 
Constantinople By the 10th 

581
00:33:02,800 --> 00:33:04,900
Century. 
Chess was being played in The 

582
00:33:04,908 --> 00:33:08,800
Viking, trading networks of 
Scandinavia, having traveled a 

583
00:33:08,800 --> 00:33:12,200
path from India, through Persia 
through the Arab world and the 

584
00:33:12,200 --> 00:33:15,100
North through Russia. 
The most extraordinary surviving

585
00:33:15,100 --> 00:33:19,000
record of medieval European 
chess in a specifically Islamic 

586
00:33:19,000 --> 00:33:22,500
influence context is a 
manuscript produced in Spain in 

587
00:33:22,500 --> 00:33:27,600
1283 Commissioned by King 
Alfonso, the 10th of Castile who

588
00:33:27,600 --> 00:33:30,800
was known by the honorific 
health, for the wise this 

589
00:33:30,800 --> 00:33:35,600
manuscript called the Libre de 
los juegos or book of games is a

590
00:33:35,600 --> 00:33:39,700
lavishly Illustrated compendium,
covering chess, dice games and 

591
00:33:39,700 --> 00:33:43,500
other pastimes of the period. 
The chess sections are details. 

592
00:33:43,500 --> 00:33:48,200
Covering opening Theory, m game,
problems and variant forms of 

593
00:33:48,200 --> 00:33:51,600
the game, including a version 
played on a larger board with 

594
00:33:51,600 --> 00:33:54,800
additional pieces. 
The illustration show, Christian

595
00:33:54,800 --> 00:33:58,400
Jewish and Muslim players seated
together at chest tables. 

596
00:33:58,400 --> 00:34:02,500
A small and quietly significant 
record of cross-cultural 

597
00:34:02,500 --> 00:34:06,300
Exchange in a period and place 
where all three traditions 

598
00:34:06,300 --> 00:34:09,699
overlapped. 
The manuscripts survived intact.

599
00:34:09,699 --> 00:34:12,500
And now rests in the library of 
the monastery of San Lorenzo. 

600
00:34:12,500 --> 00:34:16,800
De El escorial, outside Madrid 
where it can still be read and 

601
00:34:16,800 --> 00:34:19,100
studied. 
One of the most Vivid pieces of 

602
00:34:19,100 --> 00:34:22,300
archaeological evidence for this
bread is a set of chess pieces 

603
00:34:22,300 --> 00:34:25,800
found in the 19th century. 
On the Isle of Lewis, a remote 

604
00:34:25,800 --> 00:34:27,600
island off the coast of 
Scotland. 

605
00:34:28,500 --> 00:34:31,800
The Lewis Chessmen carved from 
walrus Ivory sometime in the 

606
00:34:31,800 --> 00:34:34,199
12th century. 
We're almost certainly made in 

607
00:34:34,199 --> 00:34:36,900
Norway or Iceland for a Western 
European market. 

608
00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:42,100
They show crowned Kings Seated 
on Thrones Queens. 

609
00:34:42,100 --> 00:34:46,000
Pressing one hand thoughtfully 
to their cheek robed Bishops, 

610
00:34:46,000 --> 00:34:49,800
raising a hand in blessing 
mounted Knights Inn chainmail 

611
00:34:49,800 --> 00:34:54,699
and Castle shaped rocks. 
These are fully European fully 

612
00:34:54,699 --> 00:34:57,900
figurative pieces. 
A world away from the abstract 

613
00:34:57,900 --> 00:35:00,100
geometric forms of the Islamic 
tradition. 

614
00:35:01,300 --> 00:35:04,700
The gap between an abstract 
assassinated, Ivory column and a

615
00:35:04,700 --> 00:35:07,100
carved Norse Queen with a 
worried expression. 

616
00:35:07,100 --> 00:35:11,300
Represents one of the most 
dramatic visual transformations 

617
00:35:11,300 --> 00:35:14,900
in the history of any game. 
And it happened over the course 

618
00:35:14,900 --> 00:35:18,400
of roughly two centuries. 
Chess was learning to dress 

619
00:35:18,400 --> 00:35:21,900
itself in whatever its new 
audience is found familiar the 

620
00:35:21,900 --> 00:35:25,300
transformation of Peace names in
European languages is a small 

621
00:35:25,308 --> 00:35:28,200
comedy of miss hearing and 
creative re-interpretation. 

622
00:35:29,200 --> 00:35:32,100
The files in the Persian wise, 
male counselor passed through 

623
00:35:32,100 --> 00:35:35,300
several Arabic, and then 
European linguistic, mutations 

624
00:35:35,300 --> 00:35:38,700
and eventually emerged. 
In many Western languages as the

625
00:35:38,700 --> 00:35:42,600
queen, a complete re-imagining 
of the pieces identity. 

626
00:35:43,400 --> 00:35:47,200
From a male military advisor to 
a crowned female Royal figure. 

627
00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:50,600
This transformation would 
eventually lead to one of the 

628
00:35:50,600 --> 00:35:54,100
most significant rule changes in
the entire history of the game. 

629
00:35:55,000 --> 00:35:58,600
Hill, the elephant became the 
bishop in English, the fur or 

630
00:35:58,600 --> 00:36:02,200
gesture in French, the law firm 
or runner in German. 

631
00:36:03,100 --> 00:36:06,000
Different cultures looked at the
same abstract, piece and saw 

632
00:36:06,000 --> 00:36:09,700
entirely different figures. 
The Rook The Chariot became the 

633
00:36:09,700 --> 00:36:12,100
rook in English and the tour or 
Tower in French. 

634
00:36:12,100 --> 00:36:15,200
Most European languages looked 
at the piece and saw a 

635
00:36:15,200 --> 00:36:18,700
fortification rather than a 
vehicle, which is why modern 

636
00:36:18,700 --> 00:36:22,200
chess sets use a castle shape. 
Even though the pieces movement 

637
00:36:22,200 --> 00:36:26,200
has nothing to do with Towers, 
Through all of these surface 

638
00:36:26,200 --> 00:36:29,100
Transformations, the essential 
structure remained intact. 

639
00:36:29,100 --> 00:36:31,300
The board was still eight by 
eight. 

640
00:36:31,300 --> 00:36:35,400
The Infantry still Advanced one 
careful step at a time. 

641
00:36:35,408 --> 00:36:40,200
The Cavalry still leaped in its 
irresistible, sideways are the 

642
00:36:40,200 --> 00:36:43,600
King was still slow and Central 
and protected Above All Else. 

643
00:36:44,600 --> 00:36:47,500
The game still ended with 
sharmat still ended with a 

644
00:36:47,500 --> 00:36:51,500
helpless king and a Persian 
announcement echoing across 14th

645
00:36:51,500 --> 00:36:54,700
centuries. 
The core was intact, only the 

646
00:36:54,700 --> 00:36:58,100
clothing had changed. 
Chess arrived in Christian 

647
00:36:58,100 --> 00:37:00,400
Europe through several 
simultaneous routes. 

648
00:37:01,200 --> 00:37:03,800
The Moorish Scholars and 
Aristocrats of Spain, brought it

649
00:37:03,800 --> 00:37:05,700
north and west across the 
Pyrenees. 

650
00:37:06,800 --> 00:37:09,100
Viking traders who had 
encountered the game through 

651
00:37:09,100 --> 00:37:11,800
their Eastern routes along the 
great Russian. 

652
00:37:11,800 --> 00:37:15,200
Rivers carried it, home to 
Scandinavia the Crusades 

653
00:37:15,200 --> 00:37:19,300
beginning in 1095 and continuing
for roughly two centuries 

654
00:37:19,300 --> 00:37:22,800
created, a constant movement of 
people between Western Europe 

655
00:37:22,800 --> 00:37:26,200
and the Levant and chess 
traveled redly in both 

656
00:37:26,200 --> 00:37:29,800
directions along those routes. 
By the 11th century. 

657
00:37:29,800 --> 00:37:33,600
Chess was well, established 
across most of Europe, it 

658
00:37:33,600 --> 00:37:35,700
appeared in Monastery. 
Libraries listed among 

659
00:37:35,700 --> 00:37:39,400
permitted, books it showed up in
Royal inventories, alongside 

660
00:37:39,400 --> 00:37:43,000
other valued objects. 
It appeared in legal documents 

661
00:37:43,000 --> 00:37:45,000
that attempted to regulate its 
use. 

662
00:37:45,000 --> 00:37:48,200
And in The Correspondents of 
churchmen who were thoroughly 

663
00:37:48,200 --> 00:37:51,700
divided on whether it was an 
innocent skill game, or a 

664
00:37:51,700 --> 00:37:54,300
suspect distraction from prayer 
and productive labor. 

665
00:37:55,500 --> 00:37:58,800
Some early church writers. 
Disapproved of Chess firmly. 

666
00:37:59,600 --> 00:38:02,700
A few Church councils banned 
clergy from playing a tool, 

667
00:38:02,700 --> 00:38:05,900
others argued, that chess was 
fundamentally different from 

668
00:38:05,900 --> 00:38:10,300
dice games, since it was a game 
of pure skill with no element of

669
00:38:10,300 --> 00:38:12,600
chance. 
And, therefore, could not be 

670
00:38:12,600 --> 00:38:16,200
associated with gambling or 
moral ruin a game of skill. 

671
00:38:16,200 --> 00:38:20,200
These Defenders reasoned 
exercise, the mind, and a game 

672
00:38:20,208 --> 00:38:22,800
that exercise the mind. 
Could hardly be sinful. 

673
00:38:24,100 --> 00:38:27,000
This debate about Chess and 
virtue ran through European 

674
00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:30,300
culture for several centuries 
and produced one of the most 

675
00:38:30,300 --> 00:38:34,000
unusual literary genres of the 
medieval period, the chess 

676
00:38:34,000 --> 00:38:37,100
morality book. 
The most influential of these 

677
00:38:37,100 --> 00:38:41,400
was a Latin work written around 
1265 by an Italian Dominican 

678
00:38:41,400 --> 00:38:46,400
Friar named Jacobus to cecilus. 
The title in full is nearly 

679
00:38:46,400 --> 00:38:49,900
impossible to say in a single 
breath, translating roughly as 

680
00:38:49,900 --> 00:38:53,400
the book of the customs of men 
and the duties of nobles, as 

681
00:38:53,400 --> 00:38:55,100
explained through the game of 
chess. 

682
00:38:56,000 --> 00:38:59,400
Solace used the pieces of the 
chest set as a framework for 

683
00:38:59,400 --> 00:39:03,100
discussing the social order of 
medieval society and the moral 

684
00:39:03,100 --> 00:39:04,800
obligations of each rank within 
it. 

685
00:39:05,700 --> 00:39:08,300
The king represented Royal 
Authority and its attendant 

686
00:39:08,300 --> 00:39:11,600
responsibilities. 
The queen embodied, courtly 

687
00:39:11,600 --> 00:39:15,400
virtue, the Bishops represented,
the clergy in their obligation 

688
00:39:15,400 --> 00:39:17,900
to pursue wisdom rather than 
worldly advantage. 

689
00:39:18,800 --> 00:39:22,300
The knights represented military
Valor tempered by discipline and

690
00:39:22,300 --> 00:39:24,400
restraint. 
Pawns. 

691
00:39:24,400 --> 00:39:27,400
Crucially represented, the 
various trades and occupations 

692
00:39:27,400 --> 00:39:30,600
of common people. 
These are soulless gave each 

693
00:39:30,600 --> 00:39:34,900
porn a specific profession, and 
a specific set of moral lessons 

694
00:39:34,900 --> 00:39:40,200
attached to that profession, a 
baker porn, a blacksmith porn, a

695
00:39:40,200 --> 00:39:44,700
merchant porn, a physician porn.
Each figure in the game 

696
00:39:44,700 --> 00:39:48,600
corresponded to a figure in the 
social world and each carried a 

697
00:39:48,600 --> 00:39:50,800
moral weight. 
That the reader was expected to 

698
00:39:50,800 --> 00:39:53,700
take home. 
This book became one of the most

699
00:39:53,700 --> 00:39:56,900
widely copied texts of the 
entire medieval period. 

700
00:39:58,100 --> 00:40:01,600
When the printing press arrived 
in Europe in the 1450s, it was 

701
00:40:01,600 --> 00:40:04,000
among the first books to be 
typed set and reproduced in 

702
00:40:04,000 --> 00:40:07,400
quantity William cakes. 
Toon the first printed to 

703
00:40:07,400 --> 00:40:10,900
operate a press in England. 
Produced an English translation 

704
00:40:10,900 --> 00:40:14,400
in 1474. 
Making it one of the earliest 

705
00:40:14,400 --> 00:40:15,800
printed books in the English 
language. 

706
00:40:17,100 --> 00:40:19,900
Chess was considered 
sufficiently significant in 

707
00:40:19,900 --> 00:40:23,500
European cultural life that its 
moral interpretation warranted 

708
00:40:23,500 --> 00:40:26,600
earlier. 
Adoption of the most advanced 

709
00:40:26,600 --> 00:40:28,600
communication technology of the 
age. 

710
00:40:29,300 --> 00:40:32,700
That is a remarkable measure of 
the game, standing in educated 

711
00:40:32,700 --> 00:40:36,200
Society. 
While the clergy were writing, 

712
00:40:36,200 --> 00:40:39,700
treaties, is however, the 
players were quietly rewriting 

713
00:40:39,700 --> 00:40:42,500
the rules. 
The most consequential rule 

714
00:40:42,500 --> 00:40:46,000
change in chess, history 
occurred in Europe, sometime in 

715
00:40:46,000 --> 00:40:49,900
the late 15th century, most 
likely in Spain, or possibly in 

716
00:40:49,900 --> 00:40:52,500
Italy. 
Sources from this period are not

717
00:40:52,508 --> 00:40:57,100
perfectly consistent on the 
precise origin but by 1495, the 

718
00:40:57,100 --> 00:40:59,800
new rules have been formalized 
and were appearing in printed 

719
00:40:59,800 --> 00:41:03,200
chess manuals. 
The game as most modern players 

720
00:41:03,200 --> 00:41:07,000
know it was from this point, 
essentially complete the change 

721
00:41:07,000 --> 00:41:08,600
that mattered. 
Most was what happened to the 

722
00:41:08,600 --> 00:41:12,400
queen? 
In shatranj the farzin moved one

723
00:41:12,400 --> 00:41:14,300
square diagonally in any 
direction. 

724
00:41:14,300 --> 00:41:18,500
This made it a modest piece 
useful but not commanding. 

725
00:41:19,500 --> 00:41:22,800
In the new European game, the 
queen was given the combined 

726
00:41:22,800 --> 00:41:25,300
movement powers of two, other 
pieces simultaneously. 

727
00:41:26,700 --> 00:41:29,200
She could move any number of 
squares, in any direction, along

728
00:41:29,200 --> 00:41:33,600
a straight line or a diagonal, 
in a single rule change the most

729
00:41:33,600 --> 00:41:37,000
limited major piece on the board
became the most powerful figure 

730
00:41:37,000 --> 00:41:39,100
in the game. 
The reason for this 

731
00:41:39,100 --> 00:41:42,600
transformation is a matter of 
continuing scholarly discussion,

732
00:41:42,600 --> 00:41:46,100
some historians connect, it to 
the political atmosphere of 

733
00:41:46,100 --> 00:41:49,600
late, 15th century Europe. 
A period when several 

734
00:41:49,600 --> 00:41:52,900
significant female rulers, were 
exercising, real and highly 

735
00:41:52,900 --> 00:41:56,400
visible power. 
Queen Isabella of Castile who 

736
00:41:56,400 --> 00:41:59,900
unified Spain with Ferdinand of 
Aragon and completed, the 

737
00:41:59,900 --> 00:42:04,800
Reconquista in 1492 was among 
the most influential monarchs in

738
00:42:04,808 --> 00:42:06,700
Europe during precisely this 
period. 

739
00:42:06,700 --> 00:42:10,300
The chess Queen sudden expansion
of power has sometimes been 

740
00:42:10,300 --> 00:42:13,800
linked at least in a broadly 
cultural sense to this moment of

741
00:42:13,800 --> 00:42:17,700
female Authority made visible. 
Others argue, the change was 

742
00:42:17,700 --> 00:42:20,500
more straightforwardly 
practical, that players simply 

743
00:42:20,500 --> 00:42:24,500
wanted the game to unfold at a 
faster pace and giving the queen

744
00:42:24,500 --> 00:42:27,300
greater range of movement 
accomplish this efficiently. 

745
00:42:28,300 --> 00:42:31,300
Both interpretations may contain
genuine truth. 

746
00:42:31,300 --> 00:42:33,800
They are certainly not mutually 
exclusive. 

747
00:42:35,100 --> 00:42:38,900
The bishop changed at this time,
gaining the ability to move 

748
00:42:38,900 --> 00:42:42,000
diagonally, any number of 
squares, rather than the fixed 

749
00:42:42,000 --> 00:42:46,100
two Square's of chhatron. 
The pawn received the option to 

750
00:42:46,100 --> 00:42:50,000
advance two squares on its first
move, which accelerated the 

751
00:42:50,000 --> 00:42:54,500
opening phase of the game, 
considerably the ones to address

752
00:42:54,500 --> 00:42:58,000
the Tactical imbalance created 
by this new two square porn, 

753
00:42:58,000 --> 00:43:01,600
Advanced castling. 
The unusual combined move of 

754
00:43:01,608 --> 00:43:04,500
King and Rook that, tucks the 
king toward the corner, while 

755
00:43:04,500 --> 00:43:07,400
bringing the Rook to a more 
Central position was formally 

756
00:43:07,400 --> 00:43:10,500
established. 
These changes were not the work 

757
00:43:10,500 --> 00:43:13,000
of any single designer or 
organizing committee. 

758
00:43:13,000 --> 00:43:17,000
They gathered over Decades of 
play proposed by players, 

759
00:43:17,000 --> 00:43:20,700
adopted, by communities. 
And finally standardized, when 

760
00:43:20,700 --> 00:43:23,100
printers began producing 
rulebooks and quantity, 

761
00:43:24,500 --> 00:43:27,200
Printing. 
Press more than any single chest

762
00:43:27,200 --> 00:43:31,300
genius gave the modern game. 
It's fixed and Universal form. 

763
00:43:32,200 --> 00:43:35,100
This point about printing is 
worth sitting with from a moment

764
00:43:35,100 --> 00:43:39,400
before the Press arrived. 
Chess rules varied considerably 

765
00:43:39,400 --> 00:43:43,300
from region to region. 
Player from one city, might sit 

766
00:43:43,300 --> 00:43:45,900
down with a player from another 
city in discover that their 

767
00:43:45,900 --> 00:43:48,800
Queen's move differently or that
their pawns had different 

768
00:43:48,800 --> 00:43:52,500
capturing rules. 
The game existed in a state of 

769
00:43:52,500 --> 00:43:56,300
gentle, local variation, 
adapting itself, wherever it's 

770
00:43:56,300 --> 00:43:58,600
settled. 
Once printers began producing 

771
00:43:58,600 --> 00:44:01,800
rulebooks and quantity. 
The same written rules 

772
00:44:01,800 --> 00:44:04,800
circulated. 
Widely and local variations were

773
00:44:04,800 --> 00:44:07,300
gradually absorbed into a single
agreed standard. 

774
00:44:08,200 --> 00:44:11,900
The printing, press did not 
merely record, chess rules it. 

775
00:44:11,900 --> 00:44:14,800
Manufactured consensus about 
what those rules were. 

776
00:44:15,600 --> 00:44:17,900
This is one of the more 
understated effects of the 

777
00:44:17,900 --> 00:44:21,600
printing Revolution, the way it 
quietly eliminated the regional 

778
00:44:21,600 --> 00:44:25,700
variation that had characterized
almost every cultural practice 

779
00:44:25,700 --> 00:44:29,500
before it arrived. 
This new faster version was 

780
00:44:29,500 --> 00:44:32,600
sometimes called chess of the 
queen and in Italian was 

781
00:44:32,600 --> 00:44:36,200
occasionally referred to as 
catchy Aller, Rabiosa meaning, 

782
00:44:36,200 --> 00:44:40,200
wild or Furious chests because 
the only Queen changed the 

783
00:44:40,200 --> 00:44:43,300
character of the game entirely. 
Opening plane. 

784
00:44:43,300 --> 00:44:45,900
Now began with an urgent 
Scramble for control of the 

785
00:44:45,900 --> 00:44:49,300
center. 
Taxed developed in fewer moves, 

786
00:44:49,300 --> 00:44:52,800
the game, punished early 
mistakes, far more severely than

787
00:44:52,800 --> 00:44:56,400
the old show transform, had the 
Lewis Chessmen carved in the 

788
00:44:56,400 --> 00:44:59,800
12th century in discovered in 
1831, buried in a Scottish 

789
00:44:59,800 --> 00:45:02,900
Seaside Bank. 
Give us a haunting and strangely

790
00:45:02,900 --> 00:45:05,900
Vivid record of how Europeans 
imagined the chess Court. 

791
00:45:06,900 --> 00:45:10,000
The king, sit on Thrones looking
solemn and slightly anxious. 

792
00:45:11,100 --> 00:45:14,400
The Queen's also sit with one 
hand pressed to their cheek in 

793
00:45:14,400 --> 00:45:17,100
an expression that has been 
variously interpreted as 

794
00:45:17,100 --> 00:45:21,600
contemplative concerned or 
frankly exasperated by the whole

795
00:45:21,600 --> 00:45:24,400
situation. 
The Bishops are shown in 

796
00:45:24,400 --> 00:45:27,500
ecclesiastical robes, raising a 
hand in formal blessing. 

797
00:45:27,500 --> 00:45:33,000
The knights are mounted on small
sturdy horses the Rooks in an 

798
00:45:33,000 --> 00:45:37,400
unusual detail as biting their 
shields in apparent battle Fury,

799
00:45:37,400 --> 00:45:39,900
which suggests the Carver either
had excellent. 

800
00:45:39,900 --> 00:45:44,000
Dramatic instincts or a very 
good sense of humor or both. 

801
00:45:45,200 --> 00:45:48,500
These small figures discovered 
on a remote beach after 

802
00:45:48,500 --> 00:45:52,800
surviving 800 years underground.
Carry the entire medieval 

803
00:45:52,800 --> 00:45:55,300
European Chess World in their 
carved Expressions. 

804
00:45:55,300 --> 00:45:58,200
They look like people trying 
very hard to take things. 

805
00:45:58,200 --> 00:46:00,800
Seriously while suspecting the 
whole Enterprise might be 

806
00:46:00,800 --> 00:46:05,300
slightly absurd. which is when 
you think about it, a reasonable

807
00:46:05,300 --> 00:46:09,600
response to chess The game was 
now modern the rules were set. 

808
00:46:09,600 --> 00:46:13,400
The queen was free. and 
somewhere in the Gathering, 

809
00:46:13,400 --> 00:46:16,400
social energy of the early, 
modern world, a new kind of 

810
00:46:16,408 --> 00:46:19,900
venue for chess was about to 
emerge one, that would change 

811
00:46:19,900 --> 00:46:23,600
who played the game and how the 
game was talked about, Coffee 

812
00:46:23,600 --> 00:46:26,600
arrived in Europe in the 17th 
century and changed almost 

813
00:46:26,600 --> 00:46:29,700
everything. 
The coffee house which appeared 

814
00:46:29,700 --> 00:46:32,400
first in the ottoman world and 
then spread rapidly through 

815
00:46:32,400 --> 00:46:36,500
Venice, London, Paris Amsterdam.
And Vienna was not simply a 

816
00:46:36,500 --> 00:46:41,100
place to drink a hot beverage. 
It was a social institution, a 

817
00:46:41,100 --> 00:46:44,100
place where men of different 
economic stations, could sit at 

818
00:46:44,100 --> 00:46:47,900
the same table for hours, fueled
by a substance that kept them 

819
00:46:47,900 --> 00:46:51,500
alert and many contemporaries 
observed quite willing to argue 

820
00:46:51,500 --> 00:46:55,100
early English coffee houses were
sometimes called Penny 

821
00:46:55,100 --> 00:46:58,200
universities, because for the 
price of a penny, you could sit 

822
00:46:58,200 --> 00:47:02,400
among Merchants lawyers 
clergyman and writers and 

823
00:47:02,400 --> 00:47:04,900
participate in whatever 
conversation was currently 

824
00:47:04,900 --> 00:47:07,700
underway. 
And a significant portion of the

825
00:47:07,700 --> 00:47:09,700
time, what was underway was 
chess? 

826
00:47:10,500 --> 00:47:13,800
The Cafe de la Reyes in Paris. 
Became the most celebrated chess

827
00:47:13,800 --> 00:47:15,700
venue in the world during the 
18th century. 

828
00:47:15,700 --> 00:47:21,100
A distinction, it held for more 
than 100 years. located near the

829
00:47:21,100 --> 00:47:24,700
Palais, Royal in the Heart of 
the City, it attracted, some of 

830
00:47:24,700 --> 00:47:28,600
the most remarkable minds of the
French and lightning The 

831
00:47:28,600 --> 00:47:31,500
philosopher Voltaire is recorded
as having played their 

832
00:47:31,500 --> 00:47:35,600
Jean-Jacques Rousseau played 
there and wrote about it with 

833
00:47:35,600 --> 00:47:39,400
evident affection. 
Benjamin Franklin in Paris. 

834
00:47:39,400 --> 00:47:42,200
As a diplomatic representative 
of the new American Republic 

835
00:47:42,200 --> 00:47:46,000
played there and was reportedly 
a regular presence. 

836
00:47:46,000 --> 00:47:49,100
During his years in the city. 
Franklin was a capable player 

837
00:47:49,100 --> 00:47:52,300
though, accounts suggest he was 
not quite at the level of the 

838
00:47:52,300 --> 00:47:55,800
strongest Paris Masters. 
He wrote a brief essay on the 

839
00:47:55,800 --> 00:47:58,900
moral lessons of Chess 
describing the game as an 

840
00:47:58,900 --> 00:48:03,200
exercise in foresight, 
circumspection and caution, 

841
00:48:03,200 --> 00:48:06,200
which sounds very much like the 
same medieval morality 

842
00:48:06,200 --> 00:48:09,800
tradition, translated into 18th 
century, American practical 

843
00:48:09,800 --> 00:48:13,900
philosophy, some ideas about 
Chess simply refused to go out 

844
00:48:13,900 --> 00:48:17,300
of fashion. a strongest player 
at the Region's during its 

845
00:48:17,300 --> 00:48:20,400
golden period and possibly the 
strongest player in the world 

846
00:48:20,400 --> 00:48:24,300
for much of the mid-18th century
was a French musician named 

847
00:48:24,300 --> 00:48:29,500
Francois Andre philidor 
Philadelphia was born in 1726, 

848
00:48:29,500 --> 00:48:33,900
the son of a court musician and 
became accomplished in both of 

849
00:48:33,900 --> 00:48:35,900
his chosen to suit 
simultaneously. 

850
00:48:37,000 --> 00:48:38,900
His operas were performed across
Europe. 

851
00:48:39,600 --> 00:48:42,500
His chest left, contemporaries 
with insufficient words to 

852
00:48:42,500 --> 00:48:45,200
describe it adequately his chest
manual. 

853
00:48:45,200 --> 00:48:50,300
Published in 1749 under the 
title analysis deck was the most

854
00:48:50,300 --> 00:48:53,000
influential chess. 
Instruction text produced up to 

855
00:48:53,000 --> 00:48:56,400
that point in history. 
It was reprinted dozens of 

856
00:48:56,400 --> 00:49:00,200
times, across multiple languages
and remained authoritative for 

857
00:49:00,200 --> 00:49:04,000
decades after publication. 
Philadelphia's, most quoted 

858
00:49:04,000 --> 00:49:07,400
observation about Chess. 
Is that the Pawns of the soul of

859
00:49:07,400 --> 00:49:11,400
the game, his emphasis on Pawn 
structure on the long term, 

860
00:49:11,400 --> 00:49:15,600
strategic value of those slow 
infantry pieces represented, a 

861
00:49:15,600 --> 00:49:17,500
genuine shift in how chess was 
understood. 

862
00:49:17,500 --> 00:49:22,200
Theoretically, Earlier writers 
had focused primarily on tactics

863
00:49:22,200 --> 00:49:26,600
on immediate threats and sudden 
combinations on the quick attack

864
00:49:26,600 --> 00:49:31,400
and the devastating checkmate. 
Philidor insisted that the real 

865
00:49:31,400 --> 00:49:34,700
art of Chess, lay in creating 
favorable, long-term positions 

866
00:49:34,700 --> 00:49:39,200
managing pornfull Nations and 
thinking many moves ahead about 

867
00:49:39,200 --> 00:49:42,600
the shape of engines that had 
not yet arrived, this 

868
00:49:42,600 --> 00:49:45,700
philosophical shift in chess 
thinking, mirrored the rational 

869
00:49:45,700 --> 00:49:48,800
systematic tendency of the 
Enlightenment more broadly. 

870
00:49:49,600 --> 00:49:53,000
Chess was not merely a fight. 
It was a sustained argument, 

871
00:49:53,000 --> 00:49:57,100
conducted in the language of 
position and patients, that 

872
00:49:57,100 --> 00:49:59,800
could only be one by the player 
who understood the boards 

873
00:49:59,800 --> 00:50:02,200
long-term logic better than 
their opponent. 

874
00:50:03,300 --> 00:50:06,100
Philidor also performed 
something that Drew enormous 

875
00:50:06,100 --> 00:50:09,200
crowds to Coffee House's and 
public venues in London and 

876
00:50:09,200 --> 00:50:11,800
Paris. 
He would play multiple chess 

877
00:50:11,800 --> 00:50:13,700
games simultaneously while 
blindfolded. 

878
00:50:14,500 --> 00:50:17,700
Conducting up to three games at 
once without seeing any of the 

879
00:50:17,700 --> 00:50:21,400
boards holding every position 
entirely within mental 

880
00:50:21,400 --> 00:50:25,000
visualization. 
This performance contributed 

881
00:50:25,000 --> 00:50:28,400
substantially to the coffee 
house mythology of Chess, as a 

882
00:50:28,400 --> 00:50:31,200
demonstration of extraordinary 
mental capacity. 

883
00:50:32,200 --> 00:50:36,000
The blindfold simultaneous 
exhibition became a standard 

884
00:50:36,000 --> 00:50:37,900
display of exceptional, chess 
memory. 

885
00:50:37,900 --> 00:50:41,200
That serious players would 
continue to perform for the next

886
00:50:41,200 --> 00:50:44,400
two centuries. 
There is a quietly ironic note 

887
00:50:44,400 --> 00:50:47,900
in Phil's biography. 
His operatic work was 

888
00:50:47,900 --> 00:50:51,400
commercially successful during 
his lifetime but faded almost 

889
00:50:51,400 --> 00:50:53,700
entirely from performance after 
his death. 

890
00:50:54,700 --> 00:50:58,300
His death Theory, which he may, 
well, have considered a decided 

891
00:50:58,300 --> 00:51:01,000
interest relative to his 
musical, career remained 

892
00:51:01,000 --> 00:51:03,200
influential and studied long 
afterward. 

893
00:51:04,000 --> 00:51:08,300
He died in 1795 in London, have 
left Paris to escape the 

894
00:51:08,300 --> 00:51:10,000
political violence of the French
Revolution. 

895
00:51:10,000 --> 00:51:13,400
And his buried in Saint James's 
Church in Piccadilly. 

896
00:51:14,700 --> 00:51:17,800
The chess books of the 18th and 
19th, centuries multiplied. 

897
00:51:17,800 --> 00:51:22,000
Steadily every major European 
city had chess literature in 

898
00:51:22,000 --> 00:51:25,000
print. 
Opening systems were named and 

899
00:51:25,008 --> 00:51:28,600
catalogued. 
The Spanish game, the king's 

900
00:51:28,600 --> 00:51:31,900
Gambit the French defense, the 
Italian opening the Sicilian 

901
00:51:31,900 --> 00:51:35,600
Defense, these names attached to
playing styles that had been 

902
00:51:35,608 --> 00:51:38,800
observed and analyzed in games 
from particular regions and 

903
00:51:38,800 --> 00:51:42,100
traditions, and they gave the 
game a shared technical 

904
00:51:42,100 --> 00:51:45,700
vocabulary that allowed players 
across different countries to 

905
00:51:45,700 --> 00:51:49,500
discuss specific positions 
without requiring a physical 

906
00:51:49,500 --> 00:51:52,600
board. 
The first formal International 

907
00:51:52,600 --> 00:51:56,900
chess tournament was organized 
in London, in 1851 arranged as a

908
00:51:56,900 --> 00:51:59,100
cultural event. 
Alongside the great exhibition, 

909
00:51:59,100 --> 00:52:02,500
It Was Won by a German 
mathematician named Adolf 

910
00:52:02,500 --> 00:52:05,300
Anderssen. 
Who defeated all comers with a 

911
00:52:05,300 --> 00:52:08,900
style that prioritized brilliant
combinations and spectacular 

912
00:52:08,900 --> 00:52:12,200
attacking play. 
One of his games from that 

913
00:52:12,200 --> 00:52:15,800
tournament known today. 
As the immortal game is, still 

914
00:52:15,800 --> 00:52:18,500
started and admired for the 
audacity of its peace. 

915
00:52:18,500 --> 00:52:22,800
Sacrifices material was given 
away freely apparently 

916
00:52:22,800 --> 00:52:26,300
recklessly in the pursuit of a 
mating attack that required 

917
00:52:26,300 --> 00:52:29,900
seeing 10 and 15 moves ahead. 
The Immortal game has been 

918
00:52:29,900 --> 00:52:33,300
analyzed by chess players for 
more than 100 and 1170 years. 

919
00:52:34,300 --> 00:52:37,300
can continue to appear in 
instruction books, as an example

920
00:52:37,300 --> 00:52:42,800
of creative daring at its most 
convincing American chess 

921
00:52:42,800 --> 00:52:45,900
produced its own exceptional 
figure just a few years 

922
00:52:45,900 --> 00:52:48,700
afterward. 
Paul morphe of New Orleans, 

923
00:52:48,700 --> 00:52:53,200
traveled to Europe in 1858, and 
systematically defeated every 

924
00:52:53,200 --> 00:52:56,900
strong player. 
He met Morphe style combined 

925
00:52:56,900 --> 00:53:00,000
Philly doors positional 
understanding with a tactical 

926
00:53:00,000 --> 00:53:03,500
energy that left opponents 
disorganized before they 

927
00:53:03,500 --> 00:53:07,000
understood the danger. 
He was celebrated in Paris and 

928
00:53:07,000 --> 00:53:09,000
London as the finest player in 
the world. 

929
00:53:10,000 --> 00:53:13,500
He returned to America retired 
from competitive, play at the 

930
00:53:13,500 --> 00:53:16,600
age of 21, and spent the 
remainder of his life. 

931
00:53:16,600 --> 00:53:20,000
In Allen's deeply uncomfortable,
with the attention, is Chester 

932
00:53:20,000 --> 00:53:22,600
generated the pattern of the 
chess prodigy. 

933
00:53:23,600 --> 00:53:26,600
Attacker, Lee gifted young 
person who mastered the game, 

934
00:53:26,600 --> 00:53:28,400
almost before mastering ordinary
life. 

935
00:53:29,200 --> 00:53:32,600
Was becoming a recognizable and 
recurring figure in chess 

936
00:53:32,600 --> 00:53:35,400
history. 
By the end of the 19th century, 

937
00:53:35,400 --> 00:53:38,400
the modern Chess World had fully
formed. 

938
00:53:39,100 --> 00:53:41,500
Chess clubs existed in every 
major city. 

939
00:53:42,400 --> 00:53:44,600
An active International 
correspondence, Community 

940
00:53:44,600 --> 00:53:47,800
exchange games and Analysis 
through the postal system 

941
00:53:47,800 --> 00:53:51,200
players conducting games over 
months, through carefully, 

942
00:53:51,200 --> 00:53:54,600
worded letters. 
Dedicated chess journals and 

943
00:53:54,600 --> 00:53:57,600
newspaper. 
Columns cultivated an audience 

944
00:53:57,600 --> 00:54:00,800
of readers who followed 
Tournament results with the same

945
00:54:00,800 --> 00:54:02,800
attention. 
That sporting events received 

946
00:54:02,800 --> 00:54:05,400
today. 
One of the Practical problems 

947
00:54:05,400 --> 00:54:08,500
that formal tournament chess 
encountered in the 19th century 

948
00:54:08,500 --> 00:54:12,200
was the question of time in 
early Championship matches. 

949
00:54:12,200 --> 00:54:14,800
Players were allowed to think 
for as long as they wished on 

950
00:54:14,800 --> 00:54:18,100
each move, some players took 
this to extremes that tested. 

951
00:54:18,100 --> 00:54:21,400
The patience of everyone in the 
room including their opponents. 

952
00:54:22,400 --> 00:54:24,000
A match between two English 
players. 

953
00:54:24,000 --> 00:54:27,700
In 1851, saw one player sit 
motionless for over two hours 

954
00:54:27,700 --> 00:54:32,100
before making a single move. 
By the 1880s, chess clocks 

955
00:54:32,100 --> 00:54:34,800
mechanical devices that 
allocated a fixed amount of 

956
00:54:34,800 --> 00:54:37,900
thinking, time to each player. 
And imposed a forfeit for 

957
00:54:37,900 --> 00:54:40,700
running out. 
He had been introduced to formal

958
00:54:40,700 --> 00:54:44,600
competition, The chess clock 
changed the character of 

959
00:54:44,600 --> 00:54:47,900
competitive play significantly 
under time. 

960
00:54:47,900 --> 00:54:51,300
Pressure decision-making, became
more instinctive, and less 

961
00:54:51,300 --> 00:54:54,800
purely analytical. 
Player who could find good moves

962
00:54:54,800 --> 00:54:58,700
quickly as well as deeply now 
had an additional advantage. 

963
00:54:59,900 --> 00:55:03,000
This time dimension of Chess 
opened a new area of discussion 

964
00:55:03,000 --> 00:55:06,600
among theorists and players. 
Tension between depth of 

965
00:55:06,608 --> 00:55:08,600
analysis and speed of 
recognition. 

966
00:55:09,500 --> 00:55:12,300
Attention that professional 
chess is never fully resolved, 

967
00:55:12,300 --> 00:55:16,200
the World Chess Championship was
formally established in 1886 

968
00:55:16,200 --> 00:55:20,100
when Wilhelm Stein of Austria 
defeated Johannes zuka taught of

969
00:55:20,100 --> 00:55:22,700
Germany in a match played across
several cities. 

970
00:55:23,700 --> 00:55:26,500
Steinitz became the first 
official World chess champion 

971
00:55:26,500 --> 00:55:29,800
and also the most articulate 
theorists of modern positional 

972
00:55:29,800 --> 00:55:34,600
chess articulating principles 
about King safety, weak squares,

973
00:55:34,600 --> 00:55:38,100
peace, activity. 
And long-term porn structure 

974
00:55:38,100 --> 00:55:41,200
that formed the theoretical 
backbone of serious chess 

975
00:55:41,200 --> 00:55:45,900
education for the following 
generation. the 19th century 

976
00:55:45,900 --> 00:55:50,100
also produced the first chess 
automaton to capture wide public

977
00:55:50,100 --> 00:55:54,000
imagination, a mechanical figure
dressed in Turkish, robes 

978
00:55:54,000 --> 00:55:59,000
seated, at a chest table known 
as The Turk The Turk toured 

979
00:55:59,000 --> 00:56:03,100
Europe and America for decades 
defeating Napoleon Bonaparte and

980
00:56:03,100 --> 00:56:04,900
Benjamin Franklin among many 
others. 

981
00:56:05,700 --> 00:56:09,900
It was not a true autonomous. 
A human chest Master concealed 

982
00:56:09,900 --> 00:56:13,500
inside the large cabinet. 
Beneath the figure guided every 

983
00:56:13,500 --> 00:56:17,600
move, the deception was 
eventually exposed, but the Turk

984
00:56:17,600 --> 00:56:20,400
demonstrated something true 
about how the public and the 

985
00:56:20,408 --> 00:56:23,600
future of chess. 
The idea of a machine that could

986
00:56:23,600 --> 00:56:27,200
play the game as well as a human
being, or better had entered, 

987
00:56:27,200 --> 00:56:29,000
the cultural imagination and 
would not leave it. 

988
00:56:30,000 --> 00:56:33,600
That idea would return in a very
different and very consequential

989
00:56:33,600 --> 00:56:39,000
form roughly a century later. 
The 20th century gave chess some

990
00:56:39,000 --> 00:56:43,100
of its most dramatic stories and
a few of its strangest ones. 

991
00:56:44,000 --> 00:56:48,300
Osceola, Kappa Blanka of Cuba 
became world champion in 1921 

992
00:56:48,300 --> 00:56:51,400
and played with such a parent. 
Naturalness, and ease that 

993
00:56:51,408 --> 00:56:54,400
commentators struggled to 
explain how he calculated. 

994
00:56:54,400 --> 00:56:57,200
So accurately without seeming to
think very hard. 

995
00:56:57,200 --> 00:57:01,200
Capablanca had a gift for 
simplification for reducing 

996
00:57:01,200 --> 00:57:04,400
complicated positions to their 
clearest essential elements, 

997
00:57:04,400 --> 00:57:07,600
that felt almost unfair to the 
people sitting across from him. 

998
00:57:08,500 --> 00:57:11,900
He was also well-dressed 
Charming in public and 

999
00:57:11,900 --> 00:57:15,100
comfortable with Fame qualities.
The Chess World. 

1000
00:57:15,100 --> 00:57:17,800
Found both delightful and 
vaguely suspicious. 

1001
00:57:17,800 --> 00:57:23,000
Alex Hein the Russian player who
defeated Kappa blanket in 1927 

1002
00:57:23,000 --> 00:57:26,400
was in his temperamental 
opposite in nearly every regard.

1003
00:57:27,400 --> 00:57:30,800
Alakine was intense, deeply, 
absorbed in preparation. 

1004
00:57:30,800 --> 00:57:34,700
Sometimes difficult in person 
and famous for the wild 

1005
00:57:34,700 --> 00:57:37,100
creativity of his attacking 
combinations. 

1006
00:57:37,100 --> 00:57:41,400
He held the world title with one
brief Interruption until his 

1007
00:57:41,400 --> 00:57:46,100
death in 1946, having spent his 
later career in Wartime Europe 

1008
00:57:46,100 --> 00:57:49,300
under circumstances. 
That historians continue to 

1009
00:57:49,300 --> 00:57:52,100
examine with a sympathy and 
discomfort. 

1010
00:57:53,000 --> 00:57:55,700
Then came the Soviet era of 
Chess dominance. 

1011
00:57:56,600 --> 00:58:01,300
From 1948, when Mikhail bought 
vinick of the Soviet Union, the 

1012
00:58:01,300 --> 00:58:04,300
world championship title until 
the 1990s. 

1013
00:58:04,300 --> 00:58:07,200
Soviet players dominated 
competitive. 

1014
00:58:07,200 --> 00:58:10,100
Chess with a consistency that 
are required institutional 

1015
00:58:10,100 --> 00:58:13,300
explanation. 
The Soviet state invested in 

1016
00:58:13,300 --> 00:58:17,100
chess as demonstration of 
intellectual superiority, chess 

1017
00:58:17,100 --> 00:58:19,900
schools, were established 
promising, players were 

1018
00:58:19,900 --> 00:58:22,200
identified, young and trained 
systematically. 

1019
00:58:22,200 --> 00:58:27,700
And the results were remarkable.
But vinic smoth tauzier. 

1020
00:58:29,700 --> 00:58:32,900
The championship passed among 
Soviet Grand masters with only 

1021
00:58:32,900 --> 00:58:37,100
one significant interruption. 
That Interruption was Bobby 

1022
00:58:37,100 --> 00:58:41,100
Fischer, Robert James, Fischer 
of Brooklyn learned Chess at the

1023
00:58:41,100 --> 00:58:45,000
age of six, became the youngest 
United States chess champion in 

1024
00:58:45,000 --> 00:58:47,900
history at 14. 
And spent the following decade 

1025
00:58:47,900 --> 00:58:51,800
arguing vigorously with nearly 
everyone around him, while 

1026
00:58:51,800 --> 00:58:54,800
producing chess of a quality 
that left even his opponents 

1027
00:58:54,800 --> 00:59:00,500
unable to deny its brilliance. 
Fisher's 1972 world championship

1028
00:59:00,500 --> 00:59:04,700
match against Boris spassky 
held, in Reykjavik Iceland was 

1029
00:59:04,700 --> 00:59:07,800
reported as Front Page News 
across the United States and 

1030
00:59:07,800 --> 00:59:10,600
much of the world. 
This was depending on how you 

1031
00:59:10,600 --> 00:59:14,500
approach it either a chess match
or a cold war confrontation, by 

1032
00:59:14,500 --> 00:59:17,800
other means or one man, 
psychological experiment or all 

1033
00:59:17,800 --> 00:59:20,800
three at once. 
Fisher one, he then declined to 

1034
00:59:20,800 --> 00:59:23,800
defend his title in 1975 under 
conditions. 

1035
00:59:23,800 --> 00:59:27,200
He found unacceptable was 
stripped of the championship and

1036
00:59:27,200 --> 00:59:31,400
retreated into a complicated and
troubled private life that chess

1037
00:59:31,400 --> 00:59:34,400
fans have been writing about 
with sadness and Fascination 

1038
00:59:34,400 --> 00:59:38,100
ever since His chest remains 
among the most studied and 

1039
00:59:38,100 --> 00:59:42,200
admired in the game's recorded 
history, his life outside chess 

1040
00:59:42,200 --> 00:59:47,000
is a different kind of story. 
Anatoly karpov, and then Gary. 

1041
00:59:47,000 --> 00:59:49,700
Kasparov dominated the following
decades? 

1042
00:59:50,500 --> 00:59:54,300
Kasparov who became world 
champion in 1985 at the age of 

1043
00:59:54,308 --> 00:59:59,400
22 combined Fishers competitive 
intensity with a natural 

1044
00:59:59,400 --> 01:00:02,700
physical energy and a genuine 
appetite for public 

1045
01:00:02,700 --> 01:00:04,800
confrontation. 
That made him one of the most 

1046
01:00:04,808 --> 01:00:07,900
visible figures in any 
competitive sport or game during

1047
01:00:07,900 --> 01:00:12,400
his championship years and then 
Kasparov played a computer The 

1048
01:00:12,400 --> 01:00:14,800
IBM supercomputer known as deep 
blue. 

1049
01:00:14,800 --> 01:00:19,300
First played Casper in 1996. 
Losing the match overall, but 

1050
01:00:19,300 --> 01:00:20,800
winning one game during the 
series. 

1051
01:00:20,800 --> 01:00:24,100
Winning one game against the 
world champion was considered in

1052
01:00:24,100 --> 01:00:26,800
its self, a notable achievement 
at the time. 

1053
01:00:27,600 --> 01:00:31,800
The rematch in 1997 a sick game 
match held in New York City 

1054
01:00:31,800 --> 01:00:35,008
ended with deep blue winning the
series by three and a half 

1055
01:00:35,016 --> 01:00:37,600
points to two and a half. 
Star off. 

1056
01:00:37,600 --> 01:00:41,400
Disputed specific moves and 
accused IBM of misconduct. 

1057
01:00:42,200 --> 01:00:45,700
IBM declined, a third match and 
dismantled deep blue shortly 

1058
01:00:45,700 --> 01:00:49,400
afterward, which struck many 
observers as convenient time 

1059
01:00:49,400 --> 01:00:52,000
timing. 
Regardless of the controversy 

1060
01:00:52,000 --> 01:00:55,600
surrounding that specific match 
the long-term outcomes. 

1061
01:00:55,600 --> 01:00:58,900
Clear. 
Computer chess programs improved

1062
01:00:58,900 --> 01:01:01,400
at a rate that human chess 
Improvement could not approach. 

1063
01:01:02,400 --> 01:01:05,700
By the early 2000s. 
Programs running on, ordinary 

1064
01:01:05,700 --> 01:01:07,800
personal computers were playing 
at a level that. 

1065
01:01:07,800 --> 01:01:09,900
No human could consistently 
challenge. 

1066
01:01:10,600 --> 01:01:14,700
The era of human Supremacy over 
machines in chess, measured by 

1067
01:01:14,700 --> 01:01:18,800
game results was over. 
What did this mean for chess? 

1068
01:01:19,700 --> 01:01:22,800
Surprisingly little, in terms of
human interest and participation

1069
01:01:22,800 --> 01:01:26,600
the widespread, assumption that 
computer superiority would 

1070
01:01:26,600 --> 01:01:30,500
reduce people's enthusiasm for 
chess, proved almost completely 

1071
01:01:30,500 --> 01:01:33,300
wrong. 
What happened in Stead was that 

1072
01:01:33,300 --> 01:01:36,700
computer analysis became a tool 
that players used to improve 

1073
01:01:36,700 --> 01:01:40,300
their own understanding? 
Grandmasters began using chess 

1074
01:01:40,300 --> 01:01:44,200
software to analyze their games 
in new depth and extend, their 

1075
01:01:44,200 --> 01:01:47,000
opening preparation further than
had been possible before. 

1076
01:01:48,100 --> 01:01:51,700
Younger players who grew up with
computer analysis, internalized,

1077
01:01:51,700 --> 01:01:54,400
theoretical knowledge, of an 
early age than any previous 

1078
01:01:54,400 --> 01:01:57,200
generation? 
The average quality of Chess at 

1079
01:01:57,200 --> 01:01:59,900
the professional level improved 
substantially in the computer 

1080
01:01:59,900 --> 01:02:02,300
era, not in spite of the 
machines. 

1081
01:02:02,300 --> 01:02:05,900
But through a kind of ongoing 
collaboration with their chess 

1082
01:02:05,900 --> 01:02:09,400
composition the art of creating 
in game studies and tactical 

1083
01:02:09,400 --> 01:02:13,700
problems was transformed by 
computers as well composers. 

1084
01:02:13,700 --> 01:02:17,800
Could now verify the uniqueness 
of a solution confirm that no 

1085
01:02:17,800 --> 01:02:21,500
unintended Alternatives existed 
and pushed the boundaries of 

1086
01:02:21,500 --> 01:02:23,600
what positions were 
theoretically possible. 

1087
01:02:24,500 --> 01:02:27,400
The mansuba tradition that 
Arabic Scholars are developed in

1088
01:02:27,400 --> 01:02:29,700
9th century. 
Baghdad found a new and more 

1089
01:02:29,700 --> 01:02:32,700
precise form in the age of 
computational verification. 

1090
01:02:33,500 --> 01:02:37,200
For amateur players, the effect 
of computer analysis was perhaps

1091
01:02:37,200 --> 01:02:40,700
the most quietly transformative 
change in the game's popular 

1092
01:02:40,700 --> 01:02:45,600
history. a club-level player in 
1970 could spend an entire 

1093
01:02:45,600 --> 01:02:49,600
lifetime playing chess and never
encounter a deep theoretical 

1094
01:02:49,600 --> 01:02:53,200
discussion of the openings they 
preferred Simply because the 

1095
01:02:53,200 --> 01:02:55,800
relevant books were hard to find
and expensive to buy. 

1096
01:02:57,200 --> 01:03:00,300
Club level player today, can 
call up a computer analysis of 

1097
01:03:00,300 --> 01:03:03,400
any position in seconds. 
See dozens of possible 

1098
01:03:03,400 --> 01:03:07,300
continuations, ranked by 
estimated advantage, and watch 

1099
01:03:07,300 --> 01:03:10,100
recorded games of Grandmasters 
explaining their thinking. 

1100
01:03:10,100 --> 01:03:13,900
In live video, the gap between 
the knowledge of available to a 

1101
01:03:13,900 --> 01:03:16,600
professional and the knowledge 
of available to a motivated 

1102
01:03:16,600 --> 01:03:19,600
amateur has narrowed in a way 
that would have seemed 

1103
01:03:19,600 --> 01:03:22,300
extraordinary to play as of 
previous centuries. 

1104
01:03:22,300 --> 01:03:25,600
This does not make amateur 
players into professionals. 

1105
01:03:26,500 --> 01:03:29,200
But it does mean that the joy of
understanding Chess at some 

1106
01:03:29,200 --> 01:03:32,500
depth of seeing the reasons 
behind good moves, rather than 

1107
01:03:32,500 --> 01:03:36,200
simply mimicking them is now 
more accessible than at any 

1108
01:03:36,200 --> 01:03:39,900
previous point in the game's 
history. the internet changed 

1109
01:03:39,900 --> 01:03:42,900
chess access in a way that no 
previous development in the 

1110
01:03:42,900 --> 01:03:46,300
game's long history had managed 
For most of Chess history, 

1111
01:03:46,300 --> 01:03:49,200
playing required being 
physically present with your 

1112
01:03:49,200 --> 01:03:53,200
opponent. a postal chest 
tradition which had existed 

1113
01:03:53,200 --> 01:03:57,100
since the 19th century allowed 
games to unfold over weeks or 

1114
01:03:57,100 --> 01:04:00,000
months, through exchange 
letters, but this was 

1115
01:04:00,000 --> 01:04:05,100
necessarily slow and restricted 
to Dedicated enthusiast Online 

1116
01:04:05,100 --> 01:04:09,000
chest, change the equation, 
entirely by the early 2000s. 

1117
01:04:09,000 --> 01:04:12,400
Websites providing free access 
to opponents of matching skill, 

1118
01:04:12,400 --> 01:04:15,900
within seconds at any hour had 
accumulated, millions of 

1119
01:04:15,900 --> 01:04:19,900
registered players. 
Sheer volume of games played on 

1120
01:04:19,900 --> 01:04:22,800
line exceeded by an 
extraordinary margin. 

1121
01:04:22,800 --> 01:04:26,500
The total number of chess games 
played through all of the 

1122
01:04:26,500 --> 01:04:31,200
previous centuries of recorded, 
history, combined, The 1920s 

1123
01:04:31,200 --> 01:04:35,500
period of the 2020s produced an 
unexpected surge in chess 

1124
01:04:35,500 --> 01:04:39,000
participation. 
With large portions of the 

1125
01:04:39,000 --> 01:04:42,900
world's population spending 
extended time at home, many 

1126
01:04:42,900 --> 01:04:46,200
people discovered or 
rediscovered, chess and online 

1127
01:04:46,200 --> 01:04:48,900
platforms. 
Reported substantial increases 

1128
01:04:48,900 --> 01:04:50,900
in new player. 
Registration within a short 

1129
01:04:50,908 --> 01:04:54,900
period. 
A television drama about a 

1130
01:04:54,900 --> 01:04:59,800
fictional, female chess Prodigy 
released in late 2020. 

1131
01:04:59,800 --> 01:05:04,700
Amplified this surge further 
documenting what happened when a

1132
01:05:04,700 --> 01:05:08,200
story about Chess was told, 
compellingly enough to reach an 

1133
01:05:08,200 --> 01:05:10,000
audience that had never thought 
of itself. 

1134
01:05:10,000 --> 01:05:13,700
As interested in Chess at all, a
medieval Dominican Friar. 

1135
01:05:13,700 --> 01:05:17,300
Use chess pieces to teach social
morality would have found this 

1136
01:05:17,300 --> 01:05:21,000
entirely predictable. 
A game that can be dramatized as

1137
01:05:21,000 --> 01:05:25,200
a story about human ambition, 
isolation, discipline and 

1138
01:05:25,200 --> 01:05:28,000
Transcendence. 
Is a game that will always find 

1139
01:05:28,000 --> 01:05:30,400
new audiences. 
When the right story is told, 

1140
01:05:31,500 --> 01:05:33,000
The current world chess 
champion. 

1141
01:05:33,000 --> 01:05:37,200
Magnus Carlsen of Norway has 
held the classical World title 

1142
01:05:37,200 --> 01:05:41,100
since 2013 making his Reign One 
of the longest in the 

1143
01:05:41,108 --> 01:05:44,700
Championships history. 
Carlson is known for exceptional

1144
01:05:44,700 --> 01:05:47,900
and game technique for his 
ability to find winning 

1145
01:05:47,900 --> 01:05:50,800
possibilities in positions that 
other strong players would 

1146
01:05:50,800 --> 01:05:54,200
accept as drawn, and for an 
approach to the game that 

1147
01:05:54,200 --> 01:05:58,000
combined computer era opening 
preparation with an intuitive 

1148
01:05:58,000 --> 01:06:00,900
flexibility, that purely 
mechanical analysis. 

1149
01:06:00,900 --> 01:06:04,400
Cannot fully replicate. 
He is also been enthusiastic 

1150
01:06:04,400 --> 01:06:08,600
promoter of faster, time control
variants of Chess rapid and 

1151
01:06:08,600 --> 01:06:12,200
Blitz formats in which games 
last minutes, rather than ours, 

1152
01:06:12,200 --> 01:06:15,900
bringing the game to audience's,
that find classical chess too 

1153
01:06:15,900 --> 01:06:20,600
slow to follow a spectator. 
The question of why chess has 

1154
01:06:20,600 --> 01:06:24,100
survived when so many other 
ancient pastimes of faded into 

1155
01:06:24,100 --> 01:06:28,000
historical, footnotes and 
museum, display cases is worth 

1156
01:06:28,008 --> 01:06:31,000
settling into for a few quiet 
minutes at the end of this long 

1157
01:06:31,000 --> 01:06:34,400
journey. 
Part of the answer is the design

1158
01:06:34,400 --> 01:06:38,200
itself. 
The inventors of chaturanga who 

1159
01:06:38,200 --> 01:06:41,700
gave each piece, a distinct 
movement pattern created, 

1160
01:06:41,700 --> 01:06:44,900
something that generates 
essentially unlimited variety 

1161
01:06:44,900 --> 01:06:49,300
from a finite set of rules the 
number of possible chess games 

1162
01:06:49,300 --> 01:06:53,100
calculated by, considering all 
the branching possibilities from

1163
01:06:53,100 --> 01:06:56,700
every position exceeds the 
number of atoms in the 

1164
01:06:56,700 --> 01:06:59,500
observable universe, by a 
considerable margin. 

1165
01:07:00,600 --> 01:07:04,100
This is not a colorful 
exaggeration, it is an actual 

1166
01:07:04,100 --> 01:07:06,700
calculation. 
You'll never play a game of 

1167
01:07:06,700 --> 01:07:08,100
chess that has been played 
before. 

1168
01:07:08,100 --> 01:07:13,400
Not exactly every game is 
genuinely new. part of the 

1169
01:07:13,400 --> 01:07:16,400
answer is the way chess reflects
something, recognizable about 

1170
01:07:16,400 --> 01:07:21,400
Human Experience, It is not a 
game of pure chance, but neither

1171
01:07:21,400 --> 01:07:24,200
does it guarantee that the 
better prepared player always 

1172
01:07:24,200 --> 01:07:27,200
wins. 
A single mistake at a critical 

1173
01:07:27,200 --> 01:07:31,000
moment, a single overlooked 
threat or missed opportunity, 

1174
01:07:31,000 --> 01:07:35,800
can change everything. 
Chest rewards depth and patience

1175
01:07:35,800 --> 01:07:38,900
but it also requires the 
management of imperfect 

1176
01:07:38,900 --> 01:07:43,000
information, limited time and 
the unsettling reality, that 

1177
01:07:43,000 --> 01:07:44,500
your opponent may have seen 
something. 

1178
01:07:44,500 --> 01:07:47,400
You have not seen yet. 
That is, of course, the 

1179
01:07:47,400 --> 01:07:50,000
experience of most decisions and
most lives. 

1180
01:07:51,000 --> 01:07:54,400
Part of the answer is the 
portability and simplicity of 

1181
01:07:54,400 --> 01:07:56,300
the games, physical 
requirements. 

1182
01:07:57,200 --> 01:08:01,700
Aboard and 32 pieces, need no 
electricity, no internet 

1183
01:08:01,700 --> 01:08:04,900
connection, no subscription, no 
batteries. 

1184
01:08:04,900 --> 01:08:08,500
They can be made from any 
material, strong enough to hold 

1185
01:08:08,500 --> 01:08:10,500
a shape. 
They have been made from 

1186
01:08:10,500 --> 01:08:13,800
sandalwood, and ivory and stone,
and plastic, and clay, and 

1187
01:08:13,800 --> 01:08:18,100
famously from bread. 
By prisoners of War who had 

1188
01:08:18,100 --> 01:08:21,300
nothing else of available, and 
who still wanted to play the 

1189
01:08:21,300 --> 01:08:24,399
game travels easily. 
The rules can be learned in an 

1190
01:08:24,399 --> 01:08:27,000
afternoon though. 
Their debt cannot be exhausted 

1191
01:08:27,000 --> 01:08:30,899
in a lifetime and part of the 
answer, may be the oldest one. 

1192
01:08:30,899 --> 01:08:35,300
The same impulse at placed a 
senate board in an Egyptian 2. 

1193
01:08:35,300 --> 01:08:38,000
So the deceased would have 
something to do on the other 

1194
01:08:38,000 --> 01:08:41,399
side. 
The same curiosity that prompted

1195
01:08:41,399 --> 01:08:45,500
someone in ancient Mesopotamia 
to carve a game board into a 

1196
01:08:45,500 --> 01:08:49,399
flat stone. 
Same satisfaction that Gupta 

1197
01:08:49,399 --> 01:08:52,200
era. 
Indian Scholars found in a set 

1198
01:08:52,200 --> 01:08:54,600
of carved pieces, moving, 
according to their different 

1199
01:08:54,600 --> 01:08:58,100
Natures, across a grid of 64 
squares. 

1200
01:08:59,000 --> 01:09:02,300
Human beings, find something, 
deeply satisfying in the act of 

1201
01:09:02,308 --> 01:09:05,800
moving a small object across a 
defined space. 

1202
01:09:05,800 --> 01:09:10,200
According to understood rules in
the presence of another thinking

1203
01:09:10,200 --> 01:09:13,800
mind. 
The desire to play is very old. 

1204
01:09:13,800 --> 01:09:18,700
The desire to think ahead to 
outmaneuver to be surprised by 

1205
01:09:18,707 --> 01:09:21,100
the depth of what a simple 
surface contains. 

1206
01:09:21,100 --> 01:09:25,700
His older still There is one 
more thing worth carrying away 

1207
01:09:25,700 --> 01:09:28,600
from the long journey through 
the history of Chess. 

1208
01:09:28,600 --> 01:09:32,600
Something that connects the 
Indian Court of the Gupta era to

1209
01:09:32,600 --> 01:09:34,899
the online platform on a modern 
phone screen. 

1210
01:09:35,800 --> 01:09:39,000
Every person who has ever sat 
down at chess board, has entered

1211
01:09:39,000 --> 01:09:43,399
the same essential situation. 
The same 64 Square's. 

1212
01:09:43,399 --> 01:09:48,300
The same 32 piece is divided 
into two forces, the same rules 

1213
01:09:48,300 --> 01:09:52,500
governing what each piece May 
and may not do Within that fixed

1214
01:09:52,500 --> 01:09:53,500
and bounded. 
Space. 

1215
01:09:53,500 --> 01:09:57,500
Something genuinely human 
unfolds plans are formed. 

1216
01:09:57,500 --> 01:10:01,800
Mistakes are made Sometimes a 
move of unexpected Beauty 

1217
01:10:01,800 --> 01:10:05,200
appears and the player who found
it feels something that is hard 

1218
01:10:05,200 --> 01:10:07,300
to name, but immediately 
recognizable. 

1219
01:10:08,000 --> 01:10:10,700
It is not quite pride and not 
quite surprised. 

1220
01:10:10,700 --> 01:10:14,200
It is the sensation of having 
understood something that was 

1221
01:10:14,200 --> 01:10:17,600
hidden of having found a path 
through a system that seemed 

1222
01:10:17,600 --> 01:10:19,900
closed. 
That sensation has been 

1223
01:10:19,900 --> 01:10:24,200
available to every player at 
every skill level across every 

1224
01:10:24,200 --> 01:10:26,300
Century in which the game has 
existed. 

1225
01:10:27,200 --> 01:10:30,300
The Grandmaster playing for a 
world title and the child 

1226
01:10:30,300 --> 01:10:33,100
playing for the first time on a 
Tuesday evening, after school 

1227
01:10:33,100 --> 01:10:35,900
are feeling different versions 
of the same thing. 

1228
01:10:35,900 --> 01:10:40,300
The board contains both of the 
equally chess is simply one of 

1229
01:10:40,300 --> 01:10:43,400
the most enduring answers that 
desire has ever produced. 

1230
01:10:43,400 --> 01:10:47,700
It is worth noting too. 
That chess has outlasted every 

1231
01:10:47,700 --> 01:10:51,800
Empire that ever embraced it The
Gupta Empire is gone. 

1232
01:10:51,800 --> 01:10:56,100
The assassinated Empire is God. 
The Abbasid caliphate is gone. 

1233
01:10:56,100 --> 01:10:59,600
The medieval Catholic kingdoms. 
That produced The Lewis Chessmen

1234
01:10:59,600 --> 01:11:02,000
are gone. 
The enlightenment coffeehouses 

1235
01:11:02,000 --> 01:11:04,600
are gone. 
The Soviet chess machine that 

1236
01:11:04,600 --> 01:11:08,600
trained Grandmasters as a matter
of State policy as gone, chess 

1237
01:11:08,600 --> 01:11:11,400
is still here. 
Not because any institutional 

1238
01:11:11,400 --> 01:11:14,000
sustained it. 
But because people kept choosing

1239
01:11:14,000 --> 01:11:17,300
to play it in every generation 
under every kind of 

1240
01:11:17,300 --> 01:11:21,100
circumstances in every part of 
the world, when news of the game

1241
01:11:21,100 --> 01:11:25,800
of eventually arrived, That kind
of durability belongs to very 

1242
01:11:25,800 --> 01:11:29,600
few human inventions. 
The things that last are rarely 

1243
01:11:29,600 --> 01:11:32,400
the ones that were protected. 
They are the ones that were 

1244
01:11:32,400 --> 01:11:34,900
loved. 
You have traveled to night from 

1245
01:11:34,900 --> 01:11:38,400
the temples of the Gupta, 
Empire, to the coffee houses of 

1246
01:11:38,400 --> 01:11:41,900
Enlightenment Paris. 
From the abstract Ivory pieces 

1247
01:11:41,900 --> 01:11:44,800
of Islamic Artisans to the 
crowned figures of the Lewis 

1248
01:11:44,800 --> 01:11:47,800
Chessmen. 
From the smoke-filled match 

1249
01:11:47,800 --> 01:11:50,700
rooms of 19th century 
tournaments to the glowing 

1250
01:11:50,700 --> 01:11:53,400
interfaces of online play 
available at any hour. 

1251
01:11:54,200 --> 01:11:57,000
You have heard checkmates spoken
in the Persian language of the 

1252
01:11:57,000 --> 01:11:59,900
sixth Century. 
You have watched porins, become 

1253
01:11:59,900 --> 01:12:03,800
Bishops become Queen's. 
Each piece transformed by every 

1254
01:12:03,800 --> 01:12:06,600
culture at passed through while 
it's essential movement, 

1255
01:12:06,600 --> 01:12:11,000
remained unchanged, beneath the 
new name, the king is still slow

1256
01:12:11,000 --> 01:12:14,600
the night still leaps. 
In its sideways, are the queen 

1257
01:12:14,600 --> 01:12:17,300
still sweeps across the board 
with the authority, given to her

1258
01:12:17,300 --> 01:12:20,300
500 years ago. 
By someone whose name, we do not

1259
01:12:20,300 --> 01:12:22,500
know and whose game we still 
play. 

1260
01:12:24,200 --> 01:12:27,000
The board is quiet now. 
Piece is arresting on their 

1261
01:12:27,000 --> 01:12:30,600
squares and if you close your 
eyes fully the pale wood and the

1262
01:12:30,608 --> 01:12:33,800
dark would dissolve softly into 
the long still dark of a 

1263
01:12:33,800 --> 01:12:35,600
peaceful night. 
Sleep. 

1264
01:12:35,600 --> 01:12:39,300
Well, my tired Wanderers. 
The board will still be there in

1265
01:12:39,300 --> 01:12:42,800
the morning. 
If the history of Chess has kept

1266
01:12:42,800 --> 01:12:45,800
you good company. 
Tonight, the most sensible, next

1267
01:12:45,800 --> 01:12:48,600
move is to subscribe. 
So the next story, finds you 

1268
01:12:48,600 --> 01:12:50,000
before you have to go looking 
for it. 

1269
01:12:57,200 --> 01:13:00,800
You're settling into a Time long
before cities or written words 

1270
01:13:00,800 --> 01:13:05,100
and a landscape of ancient Rock,
shelters and wide valleys in. 

1271
01:13:05,100 --> 01:13:07,400
What will one day be called 
Brazil? 

1272
01:13:08,600 --> 01:13:11,100
The people who live here move 
through their days with deep 

1273
01:13:11,100 --> 01:13:15,900
familiarity, Guided by seasons, 
and the reliable patterns of the

1274
01:13:15,900 --> 01:13:19,100
land around them. 
You wake as light begins to 

1275
01:13:19,100 --> 01:13:20,800
filter through the shelter 
entrance. 

1276
01:13:21,600 --> 01:13:24,500
The rock wall behind you. 
Still holds yesterday's warmth. 

1277
01:13:25,400 --> 01:13:27,800
Around you. 
Others are already stirring. 

1278
01:13:28,500 --> 01:13:30,800
Reaching for tools stored near 
the wall. 

1279
01:13:31,500 --> 01:13:35,100
Stretching and moving toward the
morning without hurry. 

1280
01:13:36,500 --> 01:13:38,900
The air smells clean and 
slightly cool. 

1281
01:13:40,000 --> 01:13:41,600
Someone has already stepped 
outside. 

1282
01:13:42,600 --> 01:13:45,700
You can hear the soft shuffling 
of footsteps on packed Earth. 

1283
01:13:46,600 --> 01:13:49,600
The quiet rustle of movement 
through the grass that grows 

1284
01:13:49,600 --> 01:13:53,600
near the shelter's edge. 
You stand and walk out into the 

1285
01:13:53,600 --> 01:13:56,600
early light. 
Sky is pale and clear. 

1286
01:13:56,600 --> 01:13:59,500
The land stretches out in 
familiar shapes. 

1287
01:13:59,500 --> 01:14:03,500
The line of trees along the 
Water Source, the open areas 

1288
01:14:03,500 --> 01:14:06,700
where certain plants grow, 
thick, and the rocky outcrops 

1289
01:14:06,700 --> 01:14:08,900
that Mark distances, you know, 
by heart. 

1290
01:14:10,100 --> 01:14:12,200
Others are already moving across
the terrain. 

1291
01:14:12,200 --> 01:14:15,700
You see, a few figures near the 
tree line bending and 

1292
01:14:15,700 --> 01:14:19,500
straightening as they work. 
Someone else walked slowly along

1293
01:14:19,500 --> 01:14:21,700
the water's edge scanning the 
ground. 

1294
01:14:22,600 --> 01:14:27,300
There is no rush. everyone knows
where to go, you head toward a 

1295
01:14:27,300 --> 01:14:31,400
patch of low shrubs, you noticed
two days ago The fruits, there 

1296
01:14:31,400 --> 01:14:34,400
were still green there but today
they might be ready. 

1297
01:14:35,100 --> 01:14:38,100
As you walk, you pass through 
areas, you have crossed hundreds

1298
01:14:38,100 --> 01:14:42,700
of times your feet, know the 
uneven spots, the stones that 

1299
01:14:42,700 --> 01:14:46,100
shifts slightly and the places 
where Roots rise above the 

1300
01:14:46,108 --> 01:14:49,700
ground, the plants you're 
looking for grow in a cluster 

1301
01:14:49,700 --> 01:14:52,800
near A Flat Rock. 
You crouched down and check the 

1302
01:14:52,800 --> 01:14:57,300
fruits summer soft now their 
Skin's yielding gently under 

1303
01:14:57,300 --> 01:15:00,800
your fingers you pick these and 
place them in the woven 

1304
01:15:00,800 --> 01:15:03,500
container you carry. 
Others are still firm. 

1305
01:15:03,500 --> 01:15:08,700
You leave those Nearby. 
Another person is digging at the

1306
01:15:08,700 --> 01:15:10,600
base of a plant with a pointed 
stick. 

1307
01:15:10,600 --> 01:15:14,100
They work steadily loosening the
soil around a route. 

1308
01:15:14,100 --> 01:15:17,300
When it comes free, they brush 
off the dirt and add it to their

1309
01:15:17,308 --> 01:15:20,800
own container you exchange a 
glance but do not speak. 

1310
01:15:20,800 --> 01:15:25,300
There is no need you move on to 
another area where tall grass is

1311
01:15:25,300 --> 01:15:27,200
grow? 
You know the seeds on these 

1312
01:15:27,200 --> 01:15:31,000
grasses are good to gather You 
run your hand along the stalks, 

1313
01:15:31,000 --> 01:15:34,400
letting the right seeds. 
Fall into your palm, then 

1314
01:15:34,400 --> 01:15:37,800
transfer them to your container.
The motion is simple and 

1315
01:15:37,800 --> 01:15:41,600
repetitive, your mind does not 
need to focus hard on the task. 

1316
01:15:41,600 --> 01:15:45,800
Instead, you notice the warmth 
beginning to build in the air, 

1317
01:15:45,800 --> 01:15:50,200
the way the light shifts as the 
sun climbs higher, and the small

1318
01:15:50,200 --> 01:15:52,300
insects that hover near the 
grass tops. 

1319
01:15:53,200 --> 01:15:56,200
Child walks passed following an 
adult at a short distance. 

1320
01:15:57,200 --> 01:16:00,100
The child stops to examine 
something on the ground, picks 

1321
01:16:00,100 --> 01:16:02,600
it up. 
Turns it over in small hands, 

1322
01:16:02,600 --> 01:16:04,900
then drops it and continues 
walking. 

1323
01:16:04,900 --> 01:16:08,600
The adult does not turn around 
but seems to know the child is 

1324
01:16:08,600 --> 01:16:11,400
there. 
You reach a stand of trees and 

1325
01:16:11,400 --> 01:16:13,000
begin looking for certain 
leaves. 

1326
01:16:13,000 --> 01:16:17,200
These leaves are useful, they 
can wrap food, they can be 

1327
01:16:17,200 --> 01:16:20,300
layered for softness and they 
can be shaped When Wet. 

1328
01:16:21,200 --> 01:16:25,000
You select the larger undamaged 
ones and fold them carefully 

1329
01:16:25,000 --> 01:16:29,100
into your container. the morning
continues this way you move from

1330
01:16:29,100 --> 01:16:33,800
place to place following a path 
shaped by memory and season, you

1331
01:16:33,800 --> 01:16:37,100
know, which areas will have what
you need, you know, because you 

1332
01:16:37,100 --> 01:16:40,100
have walked this route, many 
times and because others have 

1333
01:16:40,100 --> 01:16:43,700
shown you through their own 
movement and selection at one 

1334
01:16:43,700 --> 01:16:47,300
point, you find a cluster of 
mushrooms growing at the base of

1335
01:16:47,308 --> 01:16:50,300
a dead tree, you recognize the 
type. 

1336
01:16:50,300 --> 01:16:56,000
These are safe and good. 
You gather them, gently leaving 

1337
01:16:56,000 --> 01:16:57,800
the smallest ones to grow 
larger. 

1338
01:16:58,700 --> 01:17:00,700
Someone taught you this approach
though. 

1339
01:17:00,700 --> 01:17:02,900
You do not remember exactly when
or how. 

1340
01:17:03,800 --> 01:17:07,000
It is simply what you do. 
The sun is higher. 

1341
01:17:07,000 --> 01:17:11,300
Now, the air is warm. 
You notice others, beginning to 

1342
01:17:11,300 --> 01:17:15,600
move, back to the shelter area. 
You follow not because anyone a 

1343
01:17:15,600 --> 01:17:17,400
signaled, but because the Rhythm
feels right. 

1344
01:17:17,400 --> 01:17:21,800
Your container is full enough. 
Your body is ready to sit and 

1345
01:17:21,800 --> 01:17:24,100
rest. 
Back at the shelter. 

1346
01:17:24,100 --> 01:17:26,500
People are arriving from 
different directions. 

1347
01:17:26,500 --> 01:17:30,500
Everyone carries something. 
Containers are set down near the

1348
01:17:30,500 --> 01:17:33,100
fire area. 
People sit on rocks or on the 

1349
01:17:33,100 --> 01:17:35,600
ground settling into comfortable
positions. 

1350
01:17:35,600 --> 01:17:38,200
There was quiet conversation 
though. 

1351
01:17:38,200 --> 01:17:42,100
You do not always join in. 
Sometimes it is enough to Simply

1352
01:17:42,100 --> 01:17:45,100
Be near others. 
Sharing the same space and the 

1353
01:17:45,100 --> 01:17:47,300
same ease. 
Someone sawed through the 

1354
01:17:47,300 --> 01:17:48,200
gathered. 
Plants. 

1355
01:17:48,200 --> 01:17:50,900
Separating types into small 
piles. 

1356
01:17:51,700 --> 01:17:54,800
Another person examined seeds 
checking for quality. 

1357
01:17:55,900 --> 01:18:00,400
These tasks happen naturally 
without instruction, everyone 

1358
01:18:00,400 --> 01:18:03,100
knows what needs to be done 
because everyone has seen it 

1359
01:18:03,100 --> 01:18:06,000
done. 
Countless times you reach into 

1360
01:18:06,000 --> 01:18:09,400
your container and pull out one 
of the fruits, you gathered, you

1361
01:18:09,400 --> 01:18:12,100
bite into it. 
The Taste is familiar. 

1362
01:18:12,100 --> 01:18:16,400
Sweet and slightly. 
Tart juice runs down your chin. 

1363
01:18:16,400 --> 01:18:19,600
You wipe it away with a back of 
your hand and take another bite.

1364
01:18:20,500 --> 01:18:22,700
A child sits down beside you 
watching. 

1365
01:18:22,700 --> 01:18:26,000
You hand. 
The child of fruit, the child 

1366
01:18:26,000 --> 01:18:29,600
takes it, and bites carefully. 
Then choose with concentration. 

1367
01:18:29,600 --> 01:18:32,900
You watch the child's face. 
Noting the flicker of 

1368
01:18:32,908 --> 01:18:36,600
satisfaction there. 
The day is only just begun, but 

1369
01:18:36,600 --> 01:18:38,300
already there is a sense of 
completion. 

1370
01:18:38,300 --> 01:18:43,100
The Gathering is done, what 
comes next will unfold its own 

1371
01:18:43,100 --> 01:18:47,900
pace, just as it always does. 
after the gathered materials of 

1372
01:18:47,900 --> 01:18:53,200
sorted and set aside, Potential 
shifts to other tasks, you stand

1373
01:18:53,200 --> 01:18:55,200
and walked to the area where 
tools are kept. 

1374
01:18:56,000 --> 01:18:58,000
This space is near the back of 
the shelter. 

1375
01:18:58,000 --> 01:19:00,800
Where the rock wall curves, 
inward slightly. 

1376
01:19:01,600 --> 01:19:04,800
Tools lean against the stone or 
lie on flat surfaces. 

1377
01:19:04,800 --> 01:19:07,800
Some are new. 
Some have been used so many 

1378
01:19:07,808 --> 01:19:09,900
times. 
Their surfaces are smooth and 

1379
01:19:09,900 --> 01:19:12,600
dark. 
You pick up a stone tool that 

1380
01:19:12,600 --> 01:19:16,300
has a small chip along one Edge.
You notice this chip yesterday 

1381
01:19:16,300 --> 01:19:18,000
but did not have time to address
it. 

1382
01:19:18,000 --> 01:19:21,600
Now you do. 
Now you sit down on a low Rock 

1383
01:19:21,600 --> 01:19:24,200
and set the tool on your lap. 
You reach for a rounded 

1384
01:19:24,200 --> 01:19:26,500
Hammerstone nearby and hold it 
in your other hand. 

1385
01:19:27,300 --> 01:19:30,800
The work of reshaping. 
The Edge requires patience, you 

1386
01:19:30,800 --> 01:19:34,400
strike, the stone tool carefully
aiming for the spot just behind 

1387
01:19:34,400 --> 01:19:37,200
the chip. 
A small flake breaks away. 

1388
01:19:37,200 --> 01:19:41,500
You examine the result, The Edge
is better but not quite right. 

1389
01:19:41,500 --> 01:19:44,700
You strike again, more gently 
this time. 

1390
01:19:45,500 --> 01:19:50,300
Another flake Falls, the edges 
sharp and now this processed as 

1391
01:19:50,300 --> 01:19:55,800
not demand, intense Focus, only 
a steady Rhythm, your hands, 

1392
01:19:55,800 --> 01:19:58,900
know what to do. 
You have shape Stones like this 

1393
01:19:58,900 --> 01:20:01,800
and since you were young first 
watching others, then trying 

1394
01:20:01,800 --> 01:20:05,900
yourself under their gaze over 
time the movements became 

1395
01:20:05,900 --> 01:20:07,600
automatic around. 
You. 

1396
01:20:07,600 --> 01:20:10,100
Others are engaged in similar 
work. 

1397
01:20:10,900 --> 01:20:14,700
One person is wrapping cordage 
around a wooden handle, securing

1398
01:20:14,700 --> 01:20:16,700
a stone point to make a 
composite tool. 

1399
01:20:17,800 --> 01:20:21,000
The cordage is made from plant 
fibers that were soaked and 

1400
01:20:21,000 --> 01:20:24,500
twisted days ago the person wins
it tightly then. 

1401
01:20:24,900 --> 01:20:27,000
Test The Connection, by pressing
the stone gently. 

1402
01:20:27,000 --> 01:20:32,200
It holds Another person sits 
near the shelter wall working 

1403
01:20:32,200 --> 01:20:35,100
with pigments. 
There are shallow depressions in

1404
01:20:35,100 --> 01:20:39,200
the Rock nearby, natural bowls, 
where water sometimes collects. 

1405
01:20:40,200 --> 01:20:42,200
There's some grinds mineral 
stones in one of these 

1406
01:20:42,200 --> 01:20:45,100
depressions, adding a little 
water to create a pace. 

1407
01:20:46,000 --> 01:20:49,100
Color is deep red earthy and 
Rich. 

1408
01:20:49,100 --> 01:20:52,200
This pigment will be used later,
though. 

1409
01:20:52,200 --> 01:20:55,400
You do not know exactly when or 
for what purpose, it is. 

1410
01:20:55,400 --> 01:20:59,800
Simply part of the ongoing work.
The child sits beside this 

1411
01:20:59,800 --> 01:21:01,600
person. 
Watching closely. 

1412
01:21:01,600 --> 01:21:06,100
The child holds a small Stone 
and tries to grind it in another

1413
01:21:06,100 --> 01:21:09,400
depression. 
The motion is Clumsy at first 

1414
01:21:09,400 --> 01:21:12,200
the stones slipping in the 
child's hand. 

1415
01:21:12,200 --> 01:21:15,400
The adult reaches over and 
adjust the child's grip. 

1416
01:21:15,400 --> 01:21:20,100
Then lets the child continued 
Child's grinding produces only a

1417
01:21:20,100 --> 01:21:23,000
faint smudge of color. 
But the effort is real. 

1418
01:21:23,000 --> 01:21:27,100
You finish sharpening your tool 
and set it down, you reach for 

1419
01:21:27,100 --> 01:21:29,800
another object. 
A woven mat that has begun to 

1420
01:21:29,808 --> 01:21:32,600
fray along one Edge. 
Fibers. 

1421
01:21:32,600 --> 01:21:35,700
There are coming loose. 
You pull out a few strands of 

1422
01:21:35,700 --> 01:21:39,400
prepared, cordage from a bundle 
nearby and begin, weaving them 

1423
01:21:39,400 --> 01:21:42,600
into the damaged section. 
Your fingers move through the 

1424
01:21:42,600 --> 01:21:46,000
pattern without hesitation. 
The repair is simple. 

1425
01:21:46,000 --> 01:21:48,500
A matter of matching, what is 
already there. 

1426
01:21:49,600 --> 01:21:51,700
Nearby. 
Someone is smoothing the surface

1427
01:21:51,700 --> 01:21:55,700
of a wooden digging stick. 
The person uses a rough stoned 

1428
01:21:55,700 --> 01:21:57,800
to scrape away, splinters and 
rough patches. 

1429
01:21:58,800 --> 01:22:02,308
Emotion is slow and methodical, 
wood shavings fall to the 

1430
01:22:02,316 --> 01:22:05,000
ground. 
The sticks surface becomes 

1431
01:22:05,000 --> 01:22:08,800
smooth with each pass and other 
person is mending, a container 

1432
01:22:08,800 --> 01:22:11,900
made from bark the scene along 
one side. 

1433
01:22:11,900 --> 01:22:15,600
Has split slightly The person 
presses the edges back together 

1434
01:22:15,600 --> 01:22:18,800
and wraps them with thin strips 
of wet bark, which will dry 

1435
01:22:18,800 --> 01:22:22,200
tight and hold the seam closed. 
The work is quiet. 

1436
01:22:22,200 --> 01:22:26,900
An unrushed You noticed that the
shelter itself is also part of 

1437
01:22:26,908 --> 01:22:30,400
this ongoing care. 
The walls are natural stone but 

1438
01:22:30,400 --> 01:22:33,600
areas near the entrance of being
reinforced with piled rocks and 

1439
01:22:33,600 --> 01:22:36,300
packed Earth. 
Someone checks these spots 

1440
01:22:36,300 --> 01:22:38,300
periodically adding more 
material. 

1441
01:22:38,300 --> 01:22:42,600
When erosion begins to create 
gaps, this maintenance happens, 

1442
01:22:42,600 --> 01:22:45,000
so gradually that it is barely 
noticeable. 

1443
01:22:45,700 --> 01:22:48,500
Yet the shelter remains solid 
year after year. 

1444
01:22:49,500 --> 01:22:51,900
A small Fire Burns in the 
Central Area. 

1445
01:22:51,900 --> 01:22:55,000
It has been burning continuously
for many days. 

1446
01:22:55,000 --> 01:22:58,800
Someone adds a few pieces of 
wood to it now, adjusting the 

1447
01:22:58,808 --> 01:23:00,700
placement. 
So the flame stay even. 

1448
01:23:01,600 --> 01:23:05,400
Fire is not for warmth right 
now, but it is useful tools. 

1449
01:23:05,400 --> 01:23:08,500
Can be hardened in its heat food
can be prepared. 

1450
01:23:08,500 --> 01:23:12,000
And its presence is a kind of 
anchor for all the activity 

1451
01:23:12,000 --> 01:23:15,200
around it. 
You set aside the repairs Matt 

1452
01:23:15,200 --> 01:23:17,200
and pick up a bone tool that 
needs attention. 

1453
01:23:17,200 --> 01:23:22,500
The tip has become dull from use
you use a stone flake to scrape.

1454
01:23:22,500 --> 01:23:26,400
Along, the tip, shaving away, 
tiny curls of bone and the point

1455
01:23:26,400 --> 01:23:30,400
is sharp again. 
The bone has a smooth almost 

1456
01:23:30,400 --> 01:23:32,900
polished. 
Feel from handling, the work 

1457
01:23:32,900 --> 01:23:34,800
continues through the middle 
part of the day. 

1458
01:23:34,800 --> 01:23:37,900
There is no clear beginning or 
end of these tasks. 

1459
01:23:38,600 --> 01:23:41,000
When something is finished, 
something else is picked up. 

1460
01:23:42,400 --> 01:23:45,500
when someone tires of one type 
of work, they shift to another 

1461
01:23:46,400 --> 01:23:49,100
The rhythm is personal yet 
somehow synchronized. 

1462
01:23:50,200 --> 01:23:53,500
Everyone contributes, but no one
directs. 

1463
01:23:54,400 --> 01:23:57,700
A breeze moves through the 
shelter entrance during the air.

1464
01:23:58,300 --> 01:24:01,800
The smell of dust and stone 
mingles with the faint scent of 

1465
01:24:01,808 --> 01:24:05,800
the pigments being ground. 
You hear the scrape of stone on 

1466
01:24:05,800 --> 01:24:10,000
wood, the soft tap of tool 
against tool and the quiet 

1467
01:24:10,000 --> 01:24:14,500
rustle of fibers being woven. 
A young person, not quite a 

1468
01:24:14,500 --> 01:24:17,600
child, but not yet. 
Fully grown sits nearby, 

1469
01:24:17,600 --> 01:24:21,400
practicing not work. 
The person's hands fumble with 

1470
01:24:21,408 --> 01:24:25,200
the cordage creating Tangles 
more often than secure notes. 

1471
01:24:25,900 --> 01:24:29,700
An adult glances over says 
nothing but reaches out and 

1472
01:24:29,700 --> 01:24:31,700
slowly demonstrates the motion 
again. 

1473
01:24:32,600 --> 01:24:36,500
The young person watches then 
tries once more this time, the 

1474
01:24:36,500 --> 01:24:40,600
knot holds you finish with the 
bone tool and Stan stretching 

1475
01:24:40,600 --> 01:24:42,500
your back. 
You walked to the shelter 

1476
01:24:42,500 --> 01:24:45,500
entrance and look out at the 
land, the lightest shifted 

1477
01:24:45,500 --> 01:24:49,100
Shadows a shorter. 
Now, the day is moving forward 

1478
01:24:49,100 --> 01:24:52,500
in its familiar way. 
When you return to your spot you

1479
01:24:52,500 --> 01:24:54,000
pick up a hide that needs 
softening. 

1480
01:24:54,000 --> 01:24:57,100
The Hyde has been dried and now 
feel stiff. 

1481
01:24:57,100 --> 01:25:01,400
You work it between your hands 
bending and flexing it rubbing 

1482
01:25:01,400 --> 01:25:05,200
it against a smooth Stone. 
Gradually the fibers begin to 

1483
01:25:05,200 --> 01:25:07,500
loosen the hide becomes more 
pliable. 

1484
01:25:07,500 --> 01:25:10,600
This process will take time 
perhaps the rest of the day. 

1485
01:25:10,600 --> 01:25:13,900
Perhaps longer. 
There is no hurry around you, 

1486
01:25:13,900 --> 01:25:17,800
others continued their own 
tasks, the sounds of making and 

1487
01:25:17,800 --> 01:25:19,700
mending for a steady background 
hum. 

1488
01:25:19,700 --> 01:25:24,400
It is the sound of continuity of
objects being kept useful of 

1489
01:25:24,400 --> 01:25:28,200
materials being shaped and 
reshaped to meet familiar needs.

1490
01:25:29,000 --> 01:25:31,400
Children move through the space 
with a kind of easy. 

1491
01:25:31,400 --> 01:25:33,800
Freedom. 
They are not confined or 

1492
01:25:33,800 --> 01:25:36,100
directed but neither are they 
alone? 

1493
01:25:37,000 --> 01:25:41,000
Adults are always nearby. 
Always aware even when their 

1494
01:25:41,000 --> 01:25:44,000
attention seems elsewhere. 
You see a young child? 

1495
01:25:44,000 --> 01:25:46,900
Perhaps three or four years old,
crouching near the fire? 

1496
01:25:47,800 --> 01:25:51,000
Child is poking at the edge of 
the Ash with a stick watching. 

1497
01:25:51,000 --> 01:25:53,600
How the ash collapses and 
reforms with each prod. 

1498
01:25:53,600 --> 01:25:57,100
An adult sits close by working 
on a tool. 

1499
01:25:57,100 --> 01:26:01,100
The adult does not look directly
at the child, but you can tell 

1500
01:26:01,100 --> 01:26:04,600
the adult is tracking the 
child's position ready to move. 

1501
01:26:04,600 --> 01:26:06,900
If the child gets too close to 
the flames. 

1502
01:26:08,600 --> 01:26:12,500
Another child slightly older 
wanders over to where someone is

1503
01:26:12,500 --> 01:26:16,400
preparing five years. 
Child picks up a loose Strand 

1504
01:26:16,400 --> 01:26:18,600
and tries to twist it the way. 
The adult is doing. 

1505
01:26:19,400 --> 01:26:23,000
Twist comes undone immediately. 
The child tries again. 

1506
01:26:23,800 --> 01:26:27,200
The adult watches for a moment 
then reaches over and shows the 

1507
01:26:27,200 --> 01:26:30,300
motion more slowly. 
The child mimics it. 

1508
01:26:30,300 --> 01:26:33,300
This time the twist holds a 
little longer. 

1509
01:26:33,300 --> 01:26:36,400
Childcare here is not a separate
task. 

1510
01:26:36,400 --> 01:26:38,600
It is woven into everything 
else. 

1511
01:26:38,600 --> 01:26:43,300
Children are simply present. 
Learning by watching and trying 

1512
01:26:43,300 --> 01:26:47,300
corrected, gently when 
necessary, and mostly left to 

1513
01:26:47,300 --> 01:26:49,900
explore within the safe 
boundaries that adults create 

1514
01:26:49,900 --> 01:26:53,300
without announcing them. a group
of children plays near the 

1515
01:26:53,300 --> 01:26:56,700
shelter entrance, their building
something from stones and 

1516
01:26:56,708 --> 01:27:00,300
sticks, arranging them in 
patterns that make sense only to

1517
01:27:00,300 --> 01:27:05,200
their Voice is Rise and Fall one
child disagrees with another 

1518
01:27:05,200 --> 01:27:09,200
about where a stone should go. 
They negotiate briefly then 

1519
01:27:09,200 --> 01:27:12,500
rearrange the pattern. 
The disagreement dissolves as 

1520
01:27:12,500 --> 01:27:16,200
quickly as it appeared. 
And adult walks past the playing

1521
01:27:16,200 --> 01:27:20,700
children, pause his glances down
at their construction, and then 

1522
01:27:20,700 --> 01:27:23,600
continues on. 
The Paul's is brief. 

1523
01:27:23,600 --> 01:27:27,300
But attentive, the adult has 
assessed that everything is 

1524
01:27:27,300 --> 01:27:29,600
fine. 
The children do not look up. 

1525
01:27:29,600 --> 01:27:31,500
There are absorbed in their 
work. 

1526
01:27:32,300 --> 01:27:35,800
You notice an infant secured to 
an adult's back with a woven 

1527
01:27:35,800 --> 01:27:38,500
sling. 
The adult is moving around, the 

1528
01:27:38,500 --> 01:27:42,800
shelter area, Gathering items 
and organizing materials, the 

1529
01:27:42,800 --> 01:27:45,000
infants head Bobs gently with 
each movement. 

1530
01:27:45,900 --> 01:27:49,100
The infant is awake. 
Eyes, open watching the world 

1531
01:27:49,100 --> 01:27:52,500
from the safe vantage point. 
The adult reaches back, 

1532
01:27:52,500 --> 01:27:55,900
occasionally to adjust the 
sling, ensuring the infant is 

1533
01:27:55,900 --> 01:27:58,800
comfortable. 
And other infant lies on a soft 

1534
01:27:58,800 --> 01:28:01,200
hide near. 
West several adults are sitting.

1535
01:28:01,800 --> 01:28:05,100
The infant is on its back arms 
and legs moving in. 

1536
01:28:05,100 --> 01:28:06,700
The aimless way of very young 
children. 

1537
01:28:07,700 --> 01:28:10,300
And adult reaches over now. 
And then to touch the infant's 

1538
01:28:10,300 --> 01:28:13,000
barely or hand offering brief 
contact. 

1539
01:28:13,900 --> 01:28:17,100
The infant does not fuss. 
Presence of others is in enough 

1540
01:28:17,100 --> 01:28:20,700
children, old enough to walk, 
but still young enough to Tire 

1541
01:28:20,700 --> 01:28:23,000
easily drift between activity 
and rest. 

1542
01:28:24,000 --> 01:28:27,900
One child plays energetically 
for a while then comes and sits 

1543
01:28:27,900 --> 01:28:30,600
in an adult's. 
Lap leaning back half asleep. 

1544
01:28:30,600 --> 01:28:33,500
The adult continues talking with
another person. 

1545
01:28:33,500 --> 01:28:35,800
One arm Loosely around the 
child. 

1546
01:28:36,800 --> 01:28:41,100
After a while, the child stirs 
slides down wanders off to play 

1547
01:28:41,100 --> 01:28:43,700
again. 
You watch a young child attempt 

1548
01:28:43,700 --> 01:28:46,700
to climb onto a low Rock. 
The child's legs are not quite 

1549
01:28:46,700 --> 01:28:49,500
long enough. 
The child tries several times 

1550
01:28:49,500 --> 01:28:52,400
each attempt ending with a slide
back down. 

1551
01:28:53,700 --> 01:28:57,700
An older child, perhaps seven or
eight notices and comes over. 

1552
01:28:58,500 --> 01:29:01,200
the older child does not lift 
the younger one but instead 

1553
01:29:01,200 --> 01:29:05,700
shows how to use a smaller Stone
as a step, The younger child 

1554
01:29:05,700 --> 01:29:09,800
tries this method and succeeds. 
Both children seemed satisfied. 

1555
01:29:10,900 --> 01:29:14,100
Feeding happens throughout the 
day when food is prepared 

1556
01:29:14,100 --> 01:29:16,400
children, come and take what 
they want. 

1557
01:29:17,200 --> 01:29:21,100
Eat a little then run off. 
They returned later and eat more

1558
01:29:21,100 --> 01:29:24,100
no one's Golds them for this 
irregular pattern. 

1559
01:29:24,100 --> 01:29:28,600
It is simply how children eat 
and adults sits shaping a piece 

1560
01:29:28,600 --> 01:29:32,300
of wood a child leans against 
the adult side watching the 

1561
01:29:32,300 --> 01:29:35,000
work. 
The child asks, a question 

1562
01:29:35,000 --> 01:29:36,800
though. 
You cannot hear what it is. 

1563
01:29:36,800 --> 01:29:39,900
The adult answers, briefly and 
continues working. 

1564
01:29:40,900 --> 01:29:44,000
The child seems content with 
this response and stays leaning 

1565
01:29:44,000 --> 01:29:47,400
their quiet. 
Now, simply being closed. 

1566
01:29:47,400 --> 01:29:51,300
You see another child carrying a
small container, perhaps 

1567
01:29:51,300 --> 01:29:53,600
imitating the Gathering work 
done by adults. 

1568
01:29:54,600 --> 01:29:58,000
A container is mostly empty 
except for a few leaves and a 

1569
01:29:58,000 --> 01:30:01,900
stick. 
Child walks with purpose as if 

1570
01:30:01,900 --> 01:30:05,800
on an important errand. 
An adult Smiles slightly as the 

1571
01:30:05,808 --> 01:30:07,800
child passes, but does not 
comment. 

1572
01:30:07,800 --> 01:30:12,900
Nighttime care begins long 
before full dark As the sun 

1573
01:30:12,900 --> 01:30:17,100
lowers children start to slow 
down, naturally their play 

1574
01:30:17,100 --> 01:30:20,700
becomes less energetic. 
They sit more often, they seek 

1575
01:30:20,700 --> 01:30:23,900
out adults, more frequently 
leaning against them and 

1576
01:30:23,900 --> 01:30:26,100
climbing into lapse. 
One. 

1577
01:30:26,100 --> 01:30:29,400
Child becomes fussy, rubbing 
eyes and whimpering. 

1578
01:30:30,300 --> 01:30:33,500
And adult picks the child up and
walks slowly around the shelter 

1579
01:30:33,500 --> 01:30:35,500
area. 
Swaying slightly. 

1580
01:30:35,500 --> 01:30:38,900
The child's head rests on the 
adult shoulder. 

1581
01:30:38,900 --> 01:30:44,400
The whimpering Fades the child's
eyes closed, the adult continues

1582
01:30:44,400 --> 01:30:47,300
walking for a while. 
Longer than sits down carefully 

1583
01:30:47,300 --> 01:30:51,200
still holding the child. 
Other children are already lying

1584
01:30:51,200 --> 01:30:53,300
down on hides near the back of 
the shelter. 

1585
01:30:54,200 --> 01:30:57,600
They curl up close to adults or 
to each other their body's 

1586
01:30:57,600 --> 01:30:59,700
relaxed in to sleep without 
resistance. 

1587
01:30:59,700 --> 01:31:03,900
There is no formal bed time. 
No ritual, sleep, simply comes. 

1588
01:31:03,900 --> 01:31:07,600
When it comes. 
An older child lies down, but is

1589
01:31:07,600 --> 01:31:10,500
not yet asleep. 
The child stares at the shelter 

1590
01:31:10,500 --> 01:31:15,400
ceiling eyes open. 
An adult lies down, nearby, not 

1591
01:31:15,400 --> 01:31:18,300
touching the child, but close 
enough that the child can see 

1592
01:31:18,300 --> 01:31:22,100
another person there. 
After a while the child's eyes 

1593
01:31:22,100 --> 01:31:25,700
begin to drift closed? 
You see a child wake briefly in 

1594
01:31:25,700 --> 01:31:28,900
the middle of the night. 
The child sits up looks around 

1595
01:31:28,900 --> 01:31:32,300
and sees the dim shapes of 
others sleeping nearby. 

1596
01:31:33,300 --> 01:31:35,900
The child lies back down and is 
still again. 

1597
01:31:36,700 --> 01:31:38,400
No one has moved to comfort the 
child. 

1598
01:31:38,400 --> 01:31:43,200
The child did not need it. 
This pattern of care requires no

1599
01:31:43,200 --> 01:31:46,400
discussion. 
It is maintained by Presence by 

1600
01:31:46,400 --> 01:31:50,000
watchfulness, that does not 
intrude and by a shared 

1601
01:31:50,000 --> 01:31:52,600
understanding that children are 
everyone's concern. 

1602
01:31:53,300 --> 01:31:56,400
The children move freely, but 
they are always tethered. 

1603
01:31:56,400 --> 01:32:00,700
Always held within a web of 
attention that keeps them safe 

1604
01:32:00,700 --> 01:32:04,300
without confining them. 
Work does not fill every moment 

1605
01:32:04,300 --> 01:32:07,000
throughout the day. 
There are natural, pause is 

1606
01:32:07,000 --> 01:32:10,700
times when people simply stop 
and sit and times when movement 

1607
01:32:10,700 --> 01:32:14,500
Slows To almost nothing, you 
finish a task and set your tool 

1608
01:32:14,500 --> 01:32:17,500
down, instead of immediately 
picking up something else, you 

1609
01:32:17,500 --> 01:32:20,200
sit. 
The rock your City on is smooth 

1610
01:32:20,200 --> 01:32:23,700
and warm from the Sun, you lean 
back slightly letting your 

1611
01:32:23,700 --> 01:32:26,500
weight settle. 
There is no particular reason to

1612
01:32:26,500 --> 01:32:31,300
move right now around you others
are all so resting, One person 

1613
01:32:31,300 --> 01:32:35,500
lies on their back on a flat 
area of ground eyes, closed face

1614
01:32:35,500 --> 01:32:39,000
turned toward the sky. 
Another person sits with legs 

1615
01:32:39,000 --> 01:32:42,900
stretched out hands loose in 
lap, gazing at nothing in 

1616
01:32:42,900 --> 01:32:45,500
particular. 
Silence is comfortable. 

1617
01:32:46,400 --> 01:32:49,700
Child runs past then stops and 
flops down onto the ground 

1618
01:32:49,700 --> 01:32:52,500
nearby. 
The child's breathing is quick 

1619
01:32:52,500 --> 01:32:57,600
from exertion the child lies, 
their limbs sprawled and does 

1620
01:32:57,600 --> 01:33:01,200
not get up for a long time. 
No one tells the child to keep 

1621
01:33:01,200 --> 01:33:02,600
playing or to do anything 
useful. 

1622
01:33:03,700 --> 01:33:07,500
Child simply rests. 
You watch the way light moves 

1623
01:33:07,500 --> 01:33:10,600
across the landscape. 
The sun is passed its highest 

1624
01:33:10,600 --> 01:33:13,100
point. 
Now, Shadows have begun to 

1625
01:33:13,108 --> 01:33:17,500
length and the air is warm but 
not uncomfortably so light 

1626
01:33:17,500 --> 01:33:20,300
Breeze, occasionally stirs 
bringing with it, the center of 

1627
01:33:20,300 --> 01:33:23,808
grass and dust. 
Someone nearby is sitting in the

1628
01:33:23,816 --> 01:33:27,100
shade of the shelter entrant 
back against The Rock Wall. 

1629
01:33:27,100 --> 01:33:31,300
This person is not asleep, but 
is very still with eyes half 

1630
01:33:31,300 --> 01:33:34,200
closed. 
The person's hands rest on 

1631
01:33:34,200 --> 01:33:39,200
knees, breathing is slow and 
even rest is not sleep though. 

1632
01:33:39,200 --> 01:33:43,700
Some times it becomes sleek. 
Rest is simply the absence of 

1633
01:33:43,700 --> 01:33:46,200
effort, the permission to be 
still. 

1634
01:33:47,100 --> 01:33:48,800
It does not require 
justification. 

1635
01:33:49,900 --> 01:33:54,000
When bodies are tired. 
They rest when tasks are 

1636
01:33:54,000 --> 01:33:58,300
complete, there is time to sit. 
This is understood by everyone. 

1637
01:33:58,300 --> 01:34:01,700
You notice an older person 
sitting a little apart from the 

1638
01:34:01,700 --> 01:34:05,208
group, this person rests more 
often now than they used to, 

1639
01:34:05,216 --> 01:34:09,800
you, remember when this person 
was quicker and more active age 

1640
01:34:09,800 --> 01:34:12,800
has changed the Rhythm, the 
person's contributions are 

1641
01:34:12,800 --> 01:34:15,000
different. 
Now, more about knowledge shared

1642
01:34:15,000 --> 01:34:19,600
and Quiet Moments Than Physical 
tasks completed The person sits 

1643
01:34:19,600 --> 01:34:22,400
and watches. 
And this too is a valid way to 

1644
01:34:22,400 --> 01:34:25,400
spend time. 
A group of people sits together 

1645
01:34:25,400 --> 01:34:29,000
in a loose cluster, not talking 
just being near each other. 

1646
01:34:29,900 --> 01:34:33,400
One person idly picks at the 
ground with a stick making small

1647
01:34:33,400 --> 01:34:36,400
marks in the dirt. 
Another person watches this 

1648
01:34:36,400 --> 01:34:38,900
without comment. 
Marks mean nothing. 

1649
01:34:38,900 --> 01:34:42,800
The activity is simply something
to do with hands while resting. 

1650
01:34:44,000 --> 01:34:47,400
You stand off after a while and 
walk slowly to the Water Source.

1651
01:34:47,400 --> 01:34:51,400
You drink cupping water in your 
hands and bringing it to your 

1652
01:34:51,400 --> 01:34:54,200
mouth. 
The water is cool and clean. 

1653
01:34:54,200 --> 01:34:58,300
You drink until you're no longer
thirsty, then sit down beside 

1654
01:34:58,300 --> 01:35:01,200
the water. 
You can hear its gentle movement

1655
01:35:01,200 --> 01:35:04,700
over Stones. 
The Sound is constant and 

1656
01:35:04,700 --> 01:35:10,100
soothing Another person comes to
drink this person sits down near

1657
01:35:10,100 --> 01:35:12,300
you. 
After drinking neither of you 

1658
01:35:12,300 --> 01:35:15,800
speaks the presence of another 
person is pleasant but does not 

1659
01:35:15,808 --> 01:35:19,400
require conversation. 
You both simply sit looking at 

1660
01:35:19,400 --> 01:35:22,000
the water at the plants growing 
along its Edge. 

1661
01:35:22,000 --> 01:35:26,300
And at the way light reflects 
off the surface, the days heated

1662
01:35:26,300 --> 01:35:29,000
is easing. 
Now the sun is low and the 

1663
01:35:29,008 --> 01:35:31,800
airfields less heavy. 
This time of day. 

1664
01:35:31,800 --> 01:35:34,800
Often brings a kind of 
collective, slowness people, 

1665
01:35:34,800 --> 01:35:37,700
move less tasks are set aside 
more readily. 

1666
01:35:38,500 --> 01:35:41,600
There is an unspoken agreement 
that evening is approaching and 

1667
01:35:41,600 --> 01:35:45,200
with it will come different 
activities, but for now, rest is

1668
01:35:45,200 --> 01:35:48,100
what the moment. 
Holds your return to the shelter

1669
01:35:48,100 --> 01:35:50,700
area. 
You see people in various states

1670
01:35:50,700 --> 01:35:54,900
of repose, some are sitting some
relying down and some are in 

1671
01:35:54,908 --> 01:35:57,500
that in between state where they
are awake, but not quite 

1672
01:35:57,500 --> 01:35:59,400
present. 
Mine's drifting. 

1673
01:36:00,800 --> 01:36:05,100
A child sits and an adult's lap.
The adults arms are Loosely 

1674
01:36:05,100 --> 01:36:09,100
around the child. 
Both of very still The child's 

1675
01:36:09,100 --> 01:36:13,500
eyes are open but unfocused the 
adults chin rests on top of the 

1676
01:36:13,500 --> 01:36:16,300
child's head. 
They are simply being together 

1677
01:36:16,300 --> 01:36:21,000
sharing warmth and presence. 
Find a spot near the shelter 

1678
01:36:21,000 --> 01:36:24,400
wall and sit down, you lean your
head back against the stone. 

1679
01:36:24,400 --> 01:36:28,200
The surface is hard, but 
familiar you close your eyes. 

1680
01:36:29,300 --> 01:36:31,900
Behind your eyelids. 
The light is red orange from the

1681
01:36:31,900 --> 01:36:34,200
Sun. 
You can hear the sounds of the 

1682
01:36:34,200 --> 01:36:37,500
camp. 
Quiet breathing occasional shift

1683
01:36:37,500 --> 01:36:42,000
of a body, the faint crackle of 
the fire and distant bird calls.

1684
01:36:42,800 --> 01:36:46,000
Time passes in a way. 
That is hard to measure when you

1685
01:36:46,000 --> 01:36:49,500
open your eyes. 
Again, the light is change, the 

1686
01:36:49,500 --> 01:36:52,500
sun is lower still. 
Others are beginning to stir. 

1687
01:36:52,500 --> 01:36:55,200
Moving toward the tasks that 
come with the evening. 

1688
01:36:55,200 --> 01:36:59,000
But for now you remain sitting, 
there is no Urgent C. 

1689
01:36:59,700 --> 01:37:02,900
The day will progress at its own
pace and you will join in when 

1690
01:37:02,900 --> 01:37:05,600
you are ready. 
As the day moves into the late 

1691
01:37:05,600 --> 01:37:09,000
afternoon, attention gradually 
shifts toward food. 

1692
01:37:10,200 --> 01:37:13,800
People begin Gathering near the 
central fire area the gathered 

1693
01:37:13,800 --> 01:37:16,300
materials, from the morning, 
brought out an examined. 

1694
01:37:16,300 --> 01:37:19,900
You see, someone sorting through
roots that were dug up early at 

1695
01:37:20,600 --> 01:37:24,700
Person brushes off the remaining
dirt sets aside any that are 

1696
01:37:24,700 --> 01:37:27,100
damaged and arranges the good 
ones in a pile. 

1697
01:37:27,800 --> 01:37:31,500
The roots are pale and firm 
their surfaces slightly bumpy. 

1698
01:37:32,200 --> 01:37:34,600
Another person works with the 
fruits that were gathered. 

1699
01:37:34,600 --> 01:37:39,800
Some are eaten, fresh, simply 
picked up and bitten into others

1700
01:37:39,800 --> 01:37:43,000
are set aside, perhaps to be 
used later in a different way. 

1701
01:37:44,800 --> 01:37:49,200
Person Works methodically 
creating small organized groups.

1702
01:37:50,100 --> 01:37:53,200
Fire is built up. 
Slightly more wood is added. 

1703
01:37:54,100 --> 01:37:55,700
Flames. 
Grow taller and the heat 

1704
01:37:55,700 --> 01:37:58,700
intensifies. 
Flat stones are placed near the 

1705
01:37:58,700 --> 01:38:00,700
fires Edge where they will heat 
slowly. 

1706
01:38:01,800 --> 01:38:04,200
You pick up a few of the roots 
and carry them to the water 

1707
01:38:04,200 --> 01:38:07,400
source. 
You rinse them, rubbing away any

1708
01:38:07,400 --> 01:38:09,800
clinging dirt? 
The water runs. 

1709
01:38:09,800 --> 01:38:12,800
Clear over your hands. 
When the roots are clean, you 

1710
01:38:12,800 --> 01:38:15,100
carry them back to the fire area
and set them down. 

1711
01:38:16,000 --> 01:38:19,500
Someone takes these roots and 
begins to prepare them using a 

1712
01:38:19,508 --> 01:38:23,000
sharp Stone flake, the person 
Cuts them into smaller pieces. 

1713
01:38:23,000 --> 01:38:26,500
The pieces are there in large 
leaves the same. 

1714
01:38:26,500 --> 01:38:29,600
Kind you, gather early? 
The rapt bundles are placed 

1715
01:38:29,608 --> 01:38:31,800
directly into the coals, the 
fire's Edge. 

1716
01:38:31,800 --> 01:38:34,400
Other Foods require different 
preparation. 

1717
01:38:35,500 --> 01:38:37,500
Seeds. 
That were gathered are placed in

1718
01:38:37,500 --> 01:38:41,900
a shallow Stone depression and 
ground with a rounded Stone. 

1719
01:38:42,600 --> 01:38:45,100
The motion is rhythmic and 
produces a coarse powder. 

1720
01:38:45,100 --> 01:38:48,300
A little water is added to form 
a thick paste. 

1721
01:38:48,300 --> 01:38:52,600
This Paste can be shaped and 
heated or simply eaten as it is 

1722
01:38:52,600 --> 01:38:56,200
someone is preparing meat. 
That was obtained a day or two 

1723
01:38:56,208 --> 01:39:00,100
ago, the meat has been stored in
a cool spot and is still good. 

1724
01:39:01,100 --> 01:39:05,400
The person cuts it into strips 
using a stone Blade, the strips 

1725
01:39:05,400 --> 01:39:08,000
are then laid across a wooden 
frame position near the fire, 

1726
01:39:08,000 --> 01:39:10,600
where the Heat and smoke will 
cook them slowly. 

1727
01:39:11,500 --> 01:39:14,000
Children come and take small 
pieces of food as they are 

1728
01:39:14,000 --> 01:39:16,500
prepared. 
They eat while standing or 

1729
01:39:16,500 --> 01:39:21,200
wander away with food in hand. 
Adult seat as well, but more 

1730
01:39:21,200 --> 01:39:25,500
slowly often while continuing to
work. you reach for one of the 

1731
01:39:25,508 --> 01:39:29,200
fruits and eat it, The Taste is 
familiar and pleasant you take 

1732
01:39:29,200 --> 01:39:33,600
another, then another The eating
is casual driven by hunger, 

1733
01:39:33,600 --> 01:39:37,400
rather than Sara mini wrapped 
roots are pulled from the coals 

1734
01:39:37,400 --> 01:39:40,100
using sticks. 
The leaves are blackened and 

1735
01:39:40,100 --> 01:39:43,300
smoking. 
Someone carefully unwraps, one 

1736
01:39:43,300 --> 01:39:46,600
peeling back, the child Leaf to 
reveal the steamed root inside. 

1737
01:39:46,600 --> 01:39:50,500
The person breaks off a piece 
and eats it chewing thoughtfully

1738
01:39:50,500 --> 01:39:53,400
satisfied. 
The personal leaves the rest for

1739
01:39:53,400 --> 01:39:57,700
others, a large, hide his on the
ground and various prepared 

1740
01:39:57,700 --> 01:40:01,000
foods are placed on it. 
People sit around this hide 

1741
01:40:01,000 --> 01:40:04,000
reaching for what they want. 
There is no particular order. 

1742
01:40:04,000 --> 01:40:07,600
People take what appeals to 
them, eat until they are 

1743
01:40:07,600 --> 01:40:12,100
satisfied, and then move away, 
others take their place, you sit

1744
01:40:12,100 --> 01:40:14,500
down near the hide, and select 
several items. 

1745
01:40:14,500 --> 01:40:17,200
You eat slowly tasting each 
thing. 

1746
01:40:18,000 --> 01:40:21,600
The flavors are simple, but 
satisfying, there is a pleasant 

1747
01:40:21,600 --> 01:40:24,200
tiredness in your body from the 
days activity. 

1748
01:40:24,800 --> 01:40:29,400
The food eases this tiredness. 
Conversation is quiet and 

1749
01:40:29,400 --> 01:40:31,700
sporadic. 
Someone mentions something 

1750
01:40:31,700 --> 01:40:35,600
noticed during the Gathering. 
Another person responds briefly.

1751
01:40:36,500 --> 01:40:39,700
The talk is not urgent or 
animated, just the gentle 

1752
01:40:39,700 --> 01:40:43,700
exchange of observations. 
Child sits down next to you and 

1753
01:40:43,700 --> 01:40:45,200
take a piece of food from the 
hide. 

1754
01:40:46,000 --> 01:40:49,500
The child eats quickly, then 
takes more, you have the child, 

1755
01:40:49,500 --> 01:40:53,200
a piece of fruit, the child, 
accepts it and bites into it 

1756
01:40:53,200 --> 01:40:55,600
juice. 
Running down the child's chin. 

1757
01:40:55,600 --> 01:40:59,000
Someone 10s, the fire. 
Adjusting the wood to maintain 

1758
01:40:59,000 --> 01:41:02,300
an uneven Heat. 
The meat strips on the frame are

1759
01:41:02,300 --> 01:41:06,200
beginning to darker and curl at 
the edges, the smell is Savory. 

1760
01:41:06,200 --> 01:41:10,100
And appealing the preparation of
food is not a single event but 

1761
01:41:10,100 --> 01:41:12,800
an ongoing process that 
stretches across the late 

1762
01:41:12,800 --> 01:41:17,200
afternoon. 
People prepare eat, prepare more

1763
01:41:17,200 --> 01:41:20,600
and eat again. 
The rhythm is loose and 

1764
01:41:20,600 --> 01:41:25,500
accommodating. as the sun begins
to lower toward the Horizon, the

1765
01:41:25,500 --> 01:41:29,700
intensity of food preparation 
eases most of the gathered 

1766
01:41:29,700 --> 01:41:33,100
materials have been processed or
set aside bellies are full. 

1767
01:41:33,108 --> 01:41:36,500
The pace slows. 
You see an older person sitting 

1768
01:41:36,500 --> 01:41:40,500
near the fire eating very slowly
chewing with care a person 

1769
01:41:40,508 --> 01:41:43,000
pauses often between bites 
resting. 

1770
01:41:43,000 --> 01:41:46,100
There is no rush. 
Personal finish when they 

1771
01:41:46,100 --> 01:41:48,200
finish. 
Seeds that were Ground. 

1772
01:41:48,200 --> 01:41:51,600
Early are mixed with a little 
fat and shaped into small cakes.

1773
01:41:52,300 --> 01:41:54,500
These are placed on the hot 
Stones near the fire. 

1774
01:41:54,500 --> 01:41:58,800
They cook quickly their surfaces
turning gold and when they are 

1775
01:41:58,800 --> 01:42:02,000
done, they are lifted off the 
stones with sticks and set aside

1776
01:42:02,000 --> 01:42:04,500
to cool. 
You take one of these cakes, 

1777
01:42:04,500 --> 01:42:07,600
when it is cool enough to handle
you break it in half. 

1778
01:42:08,800 --> 01:42:13,500
The inside is soft and slightly.
Crumbly you eat one half, then 

1779
01:42:13,500 --> 01:42:16,400
the other Taste his mild and 
earthy. 

1780
01:42:17,300 --> 01:42:18,300
Food. 
That is not eaten. 

1781
01:42:18,300 --> 01:42:22,900
Now will be available later. 
Some things keep well others 

1782
01:42:22,900 --> 01:42:24,500
will be consumed over the next 
day. 

1783
01:42:25,500 --> 01:42:27,900
There is an intuitive 
understanding of what should be 

1784
01:42:27,900 --> 01:42:32,700
eaten soon and what can wait. 
The fire settles into a lower 

1785
01:42:32,700 --> 01:42:35,800
steadier burn. 
The heat is less intense. 

1786
01:42:35,800 --> 01:42:39,700
People begin to move away from 
the immediate area finding spots

1787
01:42:39,700 --> 01:42:44,600
to sit and digest to rest. 
After eating you lean back and 

1788
01:42:44,600 --> 01:42:46,000
let your hands rest on your 
stomach. 

1789
01:42:46,000 --> 01:42:50,500
You feel full and content. 
The light is soft and now 

1790
01:42:50,500 --> 01:42:53,800
evening is beginning to arrive 
bringing with it. 

1791
01:42:53,800 --> 01:42:56,700
The particular quality of that 
time of day, when activity, 

1792
01:42:56,700 --> 01:43:01,600
winds down and the land prepares
for night, The sun has dropped 

1793
01:43:01,600 --> 01:43:05,700
low enough that it's like comes 
at a slant, casting Long Shadows

1794
01:43:05,700 --> 01:43:08,900
and painting the landscape in 
warmer tones. 

1795
01:43:09,800 --> 01:43:12,600
People gather near the fire 
drawn by the comfort of its 

1796
01:43:12,600 --> 01:43:15,700
light and heat as the air begins
to cool. 

1797
01:43:15,700 --> 01:43:18,900
You sit on the ground close to 
the Flames. 

1798
01:43:18,900 --> 01:43:22,100
The warmth feels good on your 
face and hands. 

1799
01:43:23,100 --> 01:43:26,000
Others arrange themselves in a 
loose circle around the fire. 

1800
01:43:26,000 --> 01:43:30,500
Some sit on rocks, some on the 
ground and some unfolded hides. 

1801
01:43:31,300 --> 01:43:34,300
The arrangement is casual but 
deliberate enough that everyone 

1802
01:43:34,300 --> 01:43:36,200
has a view of the fire and of 
each other. 

1803
01:43:37,400 --> 01:43:42,500
Fire itself is steady now, 
Flames low and even colds 

1804
01:43:42,500 --> 01:43:43,900
glowing. 
Deep red underneath. 

1805
01:43:43,900 --> 01:43:48,700
Someone had a piece of wood. 
The wood catches and the Flames 

1806
01:43:48,700 --> 01:43:52,500
rise briefly, then settle again.
The light flickers across 

1807
01:43:52,500 --> 01:43:56,700
phases, Illuminating them and 
shifting patterns, conversation 

1808
01:43:56,700 --> 01:44:00,100
is quieter at this time of day, 
voices are softer. 

1809
01:44:00,100 --> 01:44:04,300
People speak less frequently, 
and in shorter phrases, much of 

1810
01:44:04,300 --> 01:44:07,000
the communication happens 
through glance and gesture. 

1811
01:44:07,600 --> 01:44:09,100
Someone points toward the 
Horizon. 

1812
01:44:09,100 --> 01:44:12,900
Others look. 
The sunset is unfolding in bands

1813
01:44:12,900 --> 01:44:15,300
of color. 
Orange, pink, and deepening 

1814
01:44:15,300 --> 01:44:17,800
blue. 
You notice children settling 

1815
01:44:17,800 --> 01:44:20,600
down. 
The Restless energy of the day 

1816
01:44:20,600 --> 01:44:23,400
is faded. 
They sit closer to adults now 

1817
01:44:23,400 --> 01:44:26,900
leaning against legs or tucking 
themselves into lapse. 

1818
01:44:27,800 --> 01:44:31,200
One child lies on the ground 
with head pillowed on an adult's

1819
01:44:31,200 --> 01:44:36,100
thigh, eyes open, but heavy. 
An older person is working on 

1820
01:44:36,100 --> 01:44:39,800
something hands moving slowly in
the firelight, he cannot see 

1821
01:44:39,800 --> 01:44:42,900
exactly what it is, but the 
motion is familiar. 

1822
01:44:43,700 --> 01:44:49,500
Careful repetitive work. 
The person's faces calm focused 

1823
01:44:49,500 --> 01:44:52,700
inward. 
No one interrupts the smell of 

1824
01:44:52,700 --> 01:44:56,000
the fire is Pleasant. 
A mix of wood smoke in the faint

1825
01:44:56,000 --> 01:44:58,700
Center of roasted Foods, still 
lingering from earlier. 

1826
01:44:59,300 --> 01:45:02,300
The smoke Rises and disperses 
into the evening air. 

1827
01:45:02,900 --> 01:45:06,700
Sometimes the wind shifts and 
the smoke blows towards you, you

1828
01:45:06,700 --> 01:45:08,900
turn your head slightly and it 
passes. 

1829
01:45:09,800 --> 01:45:12,700
You hear the sounds of the land 
as day transitions to night. 

1830
01:45:13,600 --> 01:45:17,200
Birds are making their evening 
calls different from the sounds 

1831
01:45:17,200 --> 01:45:21,000
of midday. 
Insects begin to whom and chirp.

1832
01:45:21,500 --> 01:45:24,500
The air feels full of somehow as
if the cooling temperature 

1833
01:45:24,500 --> 01:45:29,400
brings, everything closer. 
Someone starts to hum a low 

1834
01:45:29,400 --> 01:45:33,400
sound without clear, Melody. 
another person joins in matching

1835
01:45:33,400 --> 01:45:37,900
the tone, The humming can 
continue for a while then Fades 

1836
01:45:37,900 --> 01:45:40,700
naturally. 
It is not quite music. 

1837
01:45:41,500 --> 01:45:45,200
More a shared sound of being 
together without words. 

1838
01:45:45,200 --> 01:45:49,900
A child asks, a question and 
adult answers in a quiet voice. 

1839
01:45:50,800 --> 01:45:53,300
The child seemed satisfied and 
snuggles closer. 

1840
01:45:54,800 --> 01:45:59,000
Another child is already asleep.
Curled up on high near the fires

1841
01:45:59,000 --> 01:46:01,300
edge, face peaceful in the warm 
light. 

1842
01:46:01,300 --> 01:46:03,700
You look around at the faces in 
the circle. 

1843
01:46:03,700 --> 01:46:07,600
These are the people you see 
every day, whose presents as 

1844
01:46:07,600 --> 01:46:09,300
familiar as the landscape 
itself. 

1845
01:46:10,800 --> 01:46:14,300
There is comfort in this 
familiarity in knowing without 

1846
01:46:14,300 --> 01:46:18,300
thinking who will be here and in
recognizing the particular way 

1847
01:46:18,300 --> 01:46:23,700
each person sits or moves. 
The light continues to fade the 

1848
01:46:23,700 --> 01:46:26,600
sky above is turning from Blue 
to Deep Purple. 

1849
01:46:27,400 --> 01:46:31,200
The first stars are beginning to
appear faint but visible if you 

1850
01:46:31,200 --> 01:46:34,900
know where to look, you gaze up 
at them, they're always there. 

1851
01:46:34,900 --> 01:46:38,100
These lights in the night, sky 
constant and distant. 

1852
01:46:39,000 --> 01:46:41,800
Someone shifts position, adding 
another piece of wood to the 

1853
01:46:41,808 --> 01:46:44,900
fire. 
The motion is unhurried, the 

1854
01:46:44,900 --> 01:46:47,100
wood settles into place, and 
begins to burn. 

1855
01:46:47,900 --> 01:46:49,800
Fire Remains the center of 
attention. 

1856
01:46:50,700 --> 01:46:54,000
It's light and warmth. 
The reason everyone stays 

1857
01:46:54,000 --> 01:46:56,900
closed. 
You feel your own body relaxing,

1858
01:46:56,900 --> 01:47:00,600
the tension of the days, work 
dissolving your shoulders, drop 

1859
01:47:00,600 --> 01:47:05,900
your breathing slows, the fires 
warmth is making you drowsy, but

1860
01:47:05,900 --> 01:47:09,600
in a pleasant way, you're not 
ready to sleep yet but you're 

1861
01:47:09,600 --> 01:47:12,100
aware of sleep waiting at the 
age of Consciousness. 

1862
01:47:12,100 --> 01:47:17,100
A person near you, is mending, 
something fingers working, but 

1863
01:47:17,100 --> 01:47:22,400
feel as much as by sight, the 
task is almost finished The 

1864
01:47:22,400 --> 01:47:26,900
person ties, a final knot, test 
the repair then sets the object,

1865
01:47:26,900 --> 01:47:31,200
aside with a small sound of 
satisfaction, the Knight is 

1866
01:47:31,200 --> 01:47:34,400
fully arriving. 
Now the land beyond the fire's 

1867
01:47:34,400 --> 01:47:37,700
light has become dark. 
You cannot see far into that 

1868
01:47:37,700 --> 01:47:40,400
Darkness, but it does not feel 
threatening. 

1869
01:47:41,100 --> 01:47:44,300
It is simply the other side of 
day as familiar as morning. 

1870
01:47:45,900 --> 01:47:48,600
People begin to prepare for 
sleep but there is no hurry. 

1871
01:47:49,300 --> 01:47:52,600
Some remain by the fire. 
Others moved toward the sleeping

1872
01:47:52,600 --> 01:47:56,800
areas in the shelter. 
The transition is gradual, the 

1873
01:47:56,800 --> 01:47:59,500
evening stretches out, unhurried
and peaceful. 

1874
01:47:59,500 --> 01:48:03,300
You stay sitting for a while. 
Longer watching the fire, 

1875
01:48:03,300 --> 01:48:07,000
feeling its warmth and listening
to the gentle sounds of people. 

1876
01:48:07,000 --> 01:48:10,700
Settling this time of day, feels
suspended somehow. 

1877
01:48:10,700 --> 01:48:13,000
Neither fully day or fully 
night. 

1878
01:48:13,900 --> 01:48:17,500
Time of quiet togetherness 
before sleep separate everyone 

1879
01:48:17,500 --> 01:48:22,200
into their own private rest. 
Sleep does not come all at once 

1880
01:48:22,200 --> 01:48:24,900
for everyone. 
He will settle in to rest at 

1881
01:48:24,900 --> 01:48:28,000
their own pace Guided by their 
own tiredness. 

1882
01:48:28,900 --> 01:48:31,800
You watch as the sleeping area 
gradually fills. 

1883
01:48:32,600 --> 01:48:35,700
Sleeping area is toward the back
of the shelter where the rock 

1884
01:48:35,708 --> 01:48:39,300
wall provides protection and 
holds the day's warmth. 

1885
01:48:40,200 --> 01:48:43,500
Hides and woven mats. 
Cover the ground creating soft 

1886
01:48:43,500 --> 01:48:46,400
surfaces. 
People arrange themselves in 

1887
01:48:46,400 --> 01:48:50,700
clusters lying close together. 
There is no privacy but there is

1888
01:48:50,700 --> 01:48:54,300
no need for it either. 
You see a family group settling 

1889
01:48:54,300 --> 01:48:56,900
down and adult lies on this 
side. 

1890
01:48:56,900 --> 01:49:00,900
A child curls up against the 
adults chest and another child 

1891
01:49:00,900 --> 01:49:04,300
Nestles against the adults back.
Another adult lies. 

1892
01:49:04,300 --> 01:49:07,400
Nearby close enough that their 
bodies are almost touching. 

1893
01:49:08,600 --> 01:49:12,000
This closeness is automatic 
unremarked upon. 

1894
01:49:12,000 --> 01:49:14,300
It is. 
Simply how sleep happens? 

1895
01:49:14,300 --> 01:49:15,900
You move to your own sleeping 
spot. 

1896
01:49:15,900 --> 01:49:19,100
You lie down on a hide that 
still smells faintly of the 

1897
01:49:19,108 --> 01:49:22,000
animal. 
It came from the surface is soft

1898
01:49:22,000 --> 01:49:24,600
and familiar. 
You pull another hide over 

1899
01:49:24,600 --> 01:49:27,400
yourself for warmth. 
The air is cooling. 

1900
01:49:27,400 --> 01:49:30,100
Now that the sun is gone though,
it is not uncomfortable. 

1901
01:49:30,900 --> 01:49:33,500
Around you people are shifting 
and settling. 

1902
01:49:34,300 --> 01:49:37,800
Finding comfortable positions, 
you hear the rustle of movement,

1903
01:49:37,800 --> 01:49:41,200
the soft sounds of people 
adjusting hide's. 

1904
01:49:41,800 --> 01:49:44,800
And the quiet murmur of a voice,
speaking to arrest listless, 

1905
01:49:44,800 --> 01:49:47,600
child. 
A baby begins to cry. 

1906
01:49:47,600 --> 01:49:52,300
A thin whale in the quiet. 
You hear an adult shifting 

1907
01:49:52,300 --> 01:49:56,200
moving closer to the baby. 
The crying stops almost 

1908
01:49:56,200 --> 01:50:01,400
immediately replaced by the soft
sounds of Nursing. the baby's 

1909
01:50:01,400 --> 01:50:05,400
breathing becomes rhythmic and 
even the adult continues to hold

1910
01:50:05,400 --> 01:50:08,600
the baby clothes. 
One hand supporting the small 

1911
01:50:08,600 --> 01:50:11,400
body, the other, perhaps 
stroking gently. 

1912
01:50:12,400 --> 01:50:16,100
Sleep begins to pull at you but 
you remain aware of the space 

1913
01:50:16,100 --> 01:50:18,700
around you. 
You can feel the warmth of 

1914
01:50:18,700 --> 01:50:22,300
bodies near yours. 
You can hear breathing some slow

1915
01:50:22,300 --> 01:50:23,900
and deep. 
Some quicker and lighter. 

1916
01:50:23,900 --> 01:50:27,200
The sounds are reassuring. 
You're not alone. 

1917
01:50:28,900 --> 01:50:32,200
Child, wakes, part way through 
the night, you hear the small 

1918
01:50:32,200 --> 01:50:36,400
Sound Of Confusion? 
Then the child moving seeking an

1919
01:50:36,400 --> 01:50:39,100
adult. 
There is a murmur of response. 

1920
01:50:40,200 --> 01:50:43,500
Child is gathered close. 
Within moments, the child is 

1921
01:50:43,500 --> 01:50:45,700
quiet again. 
Sinking back into sleep. 

1922
01:50:46,500 --> 01:50:50,100
Fire outside his died down to 
Khols but it still provides a 

1923
01:50:50,100 --> 01:50:53,700
faint glow that reaches into the
shelter enough like to see 

1924
01:50:53,700 --> 01:50:55,900
shapes. 
If you open your eyes, not 

1925
01:50:55,900 --> 01:50:59,800
enough to be disruptive, You 
drift in and out of light, 

1926
01:50:59,800 --> 01:51:02,200
sleep. 
But one point you wake and need 

1927
01:51:02,200 --> 01:51:04,400
to relieve yourself. 
You rise. 

1928
01:51:04,400 --> 01:51:06,800
Carefully. 
Stepping over sleeping bodies 

1929
01:51:06,800 --> 01:51:10,200
outside the night. 
Air is cool against your skin. 

1930
01:51:11,300 --> 01:51:15,000
Stars are brilliant, overhead 
more numerous than they seemed 

1931
01:51:15,000 --> 01:51:17,500
earlier. 
You move a short distance from 

1932
01:51:17,500 --> 01:51:21,500
the shelter and take care of 
your need then return inside. 

1933
01:51:22,300 --> 01:51:24,600
You lie back down and pull the 
hide over. 

1934
01:51:24,600 --> 01:51:27,800
You sleep comes quickly. 
This time later. 

1935
01:51:27,800 --> 01:51:31,000
You wake again, briefly. 
So someone else's moving 

1936
01:51:31,000 --> 01:51:33,400
returning to this sleeping spot 
after going outside. 

1937
01:51:34,500 --> 01:51:36,900
The person settles back down 
with a soft sigh. 

1938
01:51:37,800 --> 01:51:40,700
The shelter is quiet, except for
breathing and the occasional 

1939
01:51:40,700 --> 01:51:42,700
small sound of someone shifting 
position. 

1940
01:51:44,100 --> 01:51:48,100
Old makes a sound in sleep, not 
quite a cry, but not peaceful 

1941
01:51:48,100 --> 01:51:51,700
either. 
Perhaps a dream and adults hand 

1942
01:51:51,700 --> 01:51:54,200
reaches out finds the child and 
rest there. 

1943
01:51:55,100 --> 01:51:58,400
Child quiet. 
The adults hand stays where it 

1944
01:51:58,400 --> 01:52:01,700
is for a while, then withdraws 
as the adult returns to deeper 

1945
01:52:01,700 --> 01:52:04,800
sleep. 
The night passes in this way, 

1946
01:52:04,800 --> 01:52:08,400
the series of small waking and 
returning to sleep. 

1947
01:52:09,300 --> 01:52:11,800
No one sleeps straight through 
without interruption. 

1948
01:52:12,400 --> 01:52:14,800
But the interruptions are minor 
and easily managed. 

1949
01:52:15,600 --> 01:52:18,800
Sleep is not a single block of 
unconsciousness, but a fluid 

1950
01:52:18,800 --> 01:52:22,500
State responsive to the body's 
needs and the needs of others 

1951
01:52:22,500 --> 01:52:25,700
nearby. 
You wake once more as the first 

1952
01:52:25,700 --> 01:52:27,900
hint of dawn begins to lighten 
the sky. 

1953
01:52:28,700 --> 01:52:31,100
It is not yet mourning but night
is ending. 

1954
01:52:31,100 --> 01:52:35,200
You lie still not yet. 
Ready to rise around. 

1955
01:52:35,200 --> 01:52:39,100
You, others are still sleeping. 
The breathing is even and slow 

1956
01:52:39,100 --> 01:52:42,200
the air in the shelter has 
warmed from the collective body 

1957
01:52:42,200 --> 01:52:46,300
heat. 
Child stirs opens eyes looks 

1958
01:52:46,300 --> 01:52:49,000
around. 
Think closes his eyes again and 

1959
01:52:49,000 --> 01:52:54,100
is still An adult shifts changes
position and continuously 

1960
01:52:54,100 --> 01:52:56,400
sleeping. 
The shelter is peaceful. 

1961
01:52:56,400 --> 01:52:59,000
Holding everyone in his 
sheltered space. 

1962
01:52:59,900 --> 01:53:02,800
Close your eyes again. 
There is no reason to get up 

1963
01:53:02,800 --> 01:53:05,000
yet. 
The day will arrive when it 

1964
01:53:05,000 --> 01:53:11,500
arrives for now, there is only 
this warmth safety, the presence

1965
01:53:11,500 --> 01:53:14,600
of others and the gentle 
continuation of rest. 

1966
01:53:15,800 --> 01:53:18,500
Morning arrives again. 
Much like all the mornings 

1967
01:53:18,500 --> 01:53:22,100
before it. 
The light returns people, wake 

1968
01:53:22,100 --> 01:53:25,100
and Rise. 
The day begins, its familiar 

1969
01:53:25,100 --> 01:53:28,600
pattern. 
Nothing has changed and yet 

1970
01:53:28,600 --> 01:53:33,000
everything continues, you stand 
near the shelter entrance and 

1971
01:53:33,008 --> 01:53:35,800
look out at the land, it is the 
same land. 

1972
01:53:35,800 --> 01:53:39,600
You saw yesterday the same 
shapes and colors and textures. 

1973
01:53:40,800 --> 01:53:43,900
The knowledge you have of this 
place is deep and unquestioned, 

1974
01:53:43,900 --> 01:53:47,600
you know, which plants will 
ripen next, which areas will 

1975
01:53:47,600 --> 01:53:51,200
flood with heavy rain and which 
paths lead to which resources. 

1976
01:53:52,400 --> 01:53:54,900
This knowledge is not written 
down or formally taught. 

1977
01:53:54,900 --> 01:53:59,600
It's simply is passed through 
repetition and observation 

1978
01:53:59,600 --> 01:54:03,400
absorbed over Years of Living, 
in constant contact with the 

1979
01:54:03,400 --> 01:54:07,600
same Terrain. children are 
already moving around, playing 

1980
01:54:07,600 --> 01:54:10,600
the same game, they played 
yesterday and learning through 

1981
01:54:10,600 --> 01:54:15,000
the same processes of watching 
and trying they will grow and 

1982
01:54:15,000 --> 01:54:17,900
they will know what, you know, 
and they will pass it on to the 

1983
01:54:17,900 --> 01:54:21,400
children who come after them. 
You see an older person City 

1984
01:54:21,400 --> 01:54:24,000
near the fire working slowly on 
a task. 

1985
01:54:24,900 --> 01:54:27,900
This person has done this task 
thousands of times. 

1986
01:54:27,900 --> 01:54:32,800
The movements are automatic 
efficient and refined by Decades

1987
01:54:32,800 --> 01:54:37,100
of repetition. when this person 
is gone, others will do the work

1988
01:54:37,100 --> 01:54:40,300
in much the same way because 
they have watched and learned 

1989
01:54:40,300 --> 01:54:44,900
and practiced alongside this 
person, The Rock shelters where 

1990
01:54:44,900 --> 01:54:47,300
you live have been used for 
longer than anyone can remember.

1991
01:54:47,300 --> 01:54:52,100
Generations of slept here, 
worked here and raise children 

1992
01:54:52,100 --> 01:54:56,700
here, the walls bear marks of 
this use, There Are Places Worn 

1993
01:54:56,700 --> 01:55:00,300
Smooth by countless hands, 
touching the same spots there 

1994
01:55:00,300 --> 01:55:03,100
are shallow depressions in the 
stone where tools have been 

1995
01:55:03,108 --> 01:55:05,300
sharp. 
And again, and again, there are 

1996
01:55:05,300 --> 01:55:08,900
faint traces of pigment on the 
rock face applied at some point 

1997
01:55:08,900 --> 01:55:11,000
for reasons, you may or may not 
fully understand. 

1998
01:55:12,300 --> 01:55:15,600
You think about these marks 
their evidence of presence of 

1999
01:55:15,600 --> 01:55:18,900
lives lived here. 
But the do not tell stories in 

2000
01:55:18,900 --> 01:55:22,800
the way language does. 
They are simply traces quiet and

2001
01:55:22,800 --> 01:55:25,900
persistent. 
They will remain long after you 

2002
01:55:25,900 --> 01:55:29,600
and everyone you know a gone. 
The work of the day unfolds 

2003
01:55:29,600 --> 01:55:33,800
Gathering making caring eating 
resting. 

2004
01:55:34,700 --> 01:55:38,800
Each task flows into the next 
without Fanfare, the day will 

2005
01:55:38,808 --> 01:55:42,100
end and another will be begin. 
That is reliable. 

2006
01:55:42,100 --> 01:55:45,200
You watching a young person? 
Learning to chip Stone. 

2007
01:55:46,100 --> 01:55:50,500
Person's efforts are clumsy, the
strikes, imprecise flakes, fly 

2008
01:55:50,500 --> 01:55:52,800
off at wrong angles. 
The edges does not form 

2009
01:55:52,800 --> 01:55:56,700
correctly, that the person 
continues trying learning 

2010
01:55:56,700 --> 01:56:00,000
through failure, and correction 
the eventually after many 

2011
01:56:00,000 --> 01:56:03,500
attempts after much. 
Wasted Stone and much time. 

2012
01:56:03,500 --> 01:56:07,100
The person will achieve the 
skill and then they will teach 

2013
01:56:07,100 --> 01:56:09,600
another person in the same 
patient wordless way. 

2014
01:56:09,600 --> 01:56:13,800
This is how knowledge persists, 
not through Grand, instructional

2015
01:56:13,800 --> 01:56:17,800
formal record, but through 
presents proximity and 

2016
01:56:17,800 --> 01:56:22,900
repetition, The young, watch the
old the inexperienced. 

2017
01:56:22,900 --> 01:56:26,400
Watch the skilled. 
The patterns are absorbed, 

2018
01:56:26,400 --> 01:56:31,400
internalized and enacted. 
And so the ways of doing things 

2019
01:56:31,400 --> 01:56:35,500
continue changing only very 
slowly shaped more by the 

2020
01:56:35,500 --> 01:56:39,000
demands of materials and land 
them by Innovation or choice. 

2021
01:56:39,000 --> 01:56:41,600
You think about the future 
though? 

2022
01:56:41,600 --> 01:56:44,800
The concept is not as distinct 
for you as it might be for 

2023
01:56:44,800 --> 01:56:49,100
someone living in another time. 
There is tomorrow and there are 

2024
01:56:49,100 --> 01:56:52,800
other Seasons ahead and there is
the general sense that life will

2025
01:56:52,800 --> 01:56:56,100
continue. 
But there is no grand plan. 

2026
01:56:56,100 --> 01:57:00,100
No distant goal. 
There is only the ongoing now 

2027
01:57:00,100 --> 01:57:03,600
each day building on the day. 
Before in small incremental 

2028
01:57:03,600 --> 01:57:07,400
ways, you look at the children 
again, they are the future. 

2029
01:57:07,400 --> 01:57:10,700
In the simple sense that they 
will be here when you are not. 

2030
01:57:11,500 --> 01:57:14,700
They will gather in the same 
places use the same shelters and

2031
01:57:14,700 --> 01:57:18,300
follow the same paths. 
The land will shape them as it 

2032
01:57:18,300 --> 01:57:21,700
is shaped you the sun is 
climbing higher the morning, 

2033
01:57:21,700 --> 01:57:24,500
work is underway. 
You see people moving with 

2034
01:57:24,500 --> 01:57:27,900
purpose their actions Guided by 
need and habit. 

2035
01:57:28,800 --> 01:57:32,600
There is no urgency but there is
also no idleness. 

2036
01:57:33,400 --> 01:57:36,100
Life requires work, and the work
is done. 

2037
01:57:36,900 --> 01:57:39,200
You think about the pigments 
that were Ground yesterday? 

2038
01:57:39,200 --> 01:57:43,600
They will be used to make marks 
on the rock walls to add to the 

2039
01:57:43,600 --> 01:57:47,000
traces that are already there. 
These marks are not pictures in 

2040
01:57:47,000 --> 01:57:50,000
the sense that they depict 
specific of their vents or tell 

2041
01:57:50,000 --> 01:57:53,200
particular stories. 
They are more abstract than that

2042
01:57:53,200 --> 01:57:57,100
more symbolic they might 
represent ideas or simply be 

2043
01:57:57,100 --> 01:57:59,900
aesthetic. 
Expressions ways of marking the 

2044
01:57:59,900 --> 01:58:03,200
space as belonging to people of 
leaving evidence of thought and 

2045
01:58:03,200 --> 01:58:07,900
hand. 
These marks will last long after

2046
01:58:07,900 --> 01:58:11,400
the people who made them a gone 
long, after the memory of those 

2047
01:58:11,400 --> 01:58:15,500
people, as faded, the marks will
remain Future people may see 

2048
01:58:15,500 --> 01:58:18,900
them and wonder what they meant.
All they may not wander at all. 

2049
01:58:18,900 --> 01:58:22,800
The marks will simply be there 
as permanent as the stone 

2050
01:58:22,800 --> 01:58:25,500
itself. 
Quiet witnesses to lives. 

2051
01:58:25,500 --> 01:58:29,100
Lived, you moved back into the 
shelter and pick up a tool. 

2052
01:58:29,100 --> 01:58:35,300
There is work to do the day 
continues the pattern holds In 

2053
01:58:35,300 --> 01:58:38,800
the evening as the light Fades 
and people gather by the fire. 

2054
01:58:38,800 --> 01:58:43,300
Once more, you feel the same 
sense of quiet completion, that 

2055
01:58:43,300 --> 01:58:46,500
comes at the end of every day. 
The work is done. 

2056
01:58:46,500 --> 01:58:50,000
Food has been eaten. 
People are settling, sleep will 

2057
01:58:50,000 --> 01:58:53,800
come You look around at the 
faces in the firelight. 

2058
01:58:53,800 --> 01:58:57,400
Each person is distinct familiar
and known. 

2059
01:58:57,400 --> 01:59:01,600
And yet each person is also part
of a larger pattern, a 

2060
01:59:01,600 --> 01:59:05,200
continuity that stretches back 
and forward Beyond memory, 

2061
01:59:05,200 --> 01:59:09,100
Beyond individual life, The 
stars are beginning to appear. 

2062
01:59:10,100 --> 01:59:14,000
Fire Burns, low. 
Children are already sleeping 

2063
01:59:14,000 --> 01:59:17,900
curled up against a dultz. 
Shelter is warm and safe. 

2064
01:59:17,900 --> 01:59:21,600
You like down in your sleeping 
spot, you pull the hide over 

2065
01:59:21,600 --> 01:59:25,000
yourself. 
The day is ending tomorrow, will

2066
01:59:25,000 --> 01:59:26,400
come. 
The pattern. 

2067
01:59:26,400 --> 01:59:30,100
Will continue. 
And in this continuation, in 

2068
01:59:30,100 --> 01:59:33,900
this quiet unremarkable, 
Persistence of daily life. 

2069
01:59:33,900 --> 01:59:37,400
There is a kind of Peace. 
Nothing dramatic happened. 

2070
01:59:38,200 --> 01:59:41,200
Nothing needs to happen. 
Life is Simply Life. 

2071
01:59:41,200 --> 01:59:46,100
Lived one day at a time in a 
place that holds and sustains 

2072
01:59:46,100 --> 01:59:50,700
among people who share the same 
land and the same rhythms, the 

2073
01:59:50,700 --> 01:59:54,200
rock art will remain. 
Future people will find it and 

2074
01:59:54,200 --> 01:59:57,800
try to understand what it meant.
But the real story is not in the

2075
01:59:57,800 --> 02:00:01,300
marks on the wall, the real 
story is in the days themselves 

2076
02:00:01,300 --> 02:00:05,200
in the Gathering and the making,
and the caring in the children 

2077
02:00:05,200 --> 02:00:08,100
learning, and the fires burning 
and the seasons turning. 

2078
02:00:08,100 --> 02:00:12,100
It is a story without drama 
without beginning or end. 

2079
02:00:12,100 --> 02:00:16,300
A story of continuity that asks 
nothing more than to continue 

2080
02:00:16,300 --> 02:00:20,500
you, close your eyes. 
You're breathing slows, sleep 

2081
02:00:20,500 --> 02:00:23,900
comes gently as it always does. 
Shelter is quiet. 

2082
02:00:23,900 --> 02:00:28,000
The land is quiet. 
The night, settles over 

2083
02:00:28,000 --> 02:00:31,900
everything and somewhere in that
vastness the marks on the Rock, 

2084
02:00:31,900 --> 02:00:35,500
waiting, the darkness holding 
their silent testimony to the 

2085
02:00:35,508 --> 02:00:39,600
ordinary extraordinary 
Persistence of human life. 

2086
02:00:45,800 --> 02:00:48,200
You've been looking forward to 
this Thanksgiving for weeks. 

2087
02:00:48,200 --> 02:00:50,700
Now, though, you'd never admit 
it out loud. 

2088
02:00:52,000 --> 02:00:55,600
In Cedar Mills Massachusetts, 
anticipation shows itself 

2089
02:00:55,600 --> 02:00:58,700
quietly. 
In the extra polish, you give 

2090
02:00:58,700 --> 02:01:02,000
the good silver in the way. 
You've checked your pantry three

2091
02:01:02,000 --> 02:01:06,400
times to make sure you have 
enough butter and flour November

2092
02:01:06,400 --> 02:01:10,700
1942 carries a particular weight
this year with so many boys 

2093
02:01:10,700 --> 02:01:14,800
overseas, and the war making 
itself felt in a thousand small 

2094
02:01:14,800 --> 02:01:17,600
absences. 
But Thanksgiving remains 

2095
02:01:17,600 --> 02:01:22,100
stubborn and necessary. 
As always your kitchen, smells 

2096
02:01:22,100 --> 02:01:26,100
like cinnamon and possibility. 
You've been up since before Dawn

2097
02:01:26,100 --> 02:01:29,100
not because the turkey demands 
it that won't go in the oven 

2098
02:01:29,100 --> 02:01:32,100
until tomorrow morning. 
But because sleep lately comes 

2099
02:01:32,100 --> 02:01:36,000
in fits and starts interrupted 
by thoughts of your nephew 

2100
02:01:36,000 --> 02:01:39,100
somewhere in the Pacific and 
your sister's boy training an 

2101
02:01:39,100 --> 02:01:41,500
England. 
The radio brings news, you'd 

2102
02:01:41,500 --> 02:01:44,500
rather not hear most evening's 
so you've taken to turning it 

2103
02:01:44,508 --> 02:01:47,000
off after dinner and finding 
comfort in more tangible. 

2104
02:01:47,000 --> 02:01:51,400
Things pedo for instance, the 
satisfaction of flour and 

2105
02:01:51,400 --> 02:01:53,900
shortening becoming something 
entirely new under your 

2106
02:01:53,900 --> 02:01:56,800
fingertips. 
Kitchen window, frame, the view 

2107
02:01:56,800 --> 02:01:59,300
of Maple Street in its late 
Autumn dress. 

2108
02:02:00,200 --> 02:02:03,500
Most of the leaves are Fallin, 
leaving the neighborhood trees, 

2109
02:02:03,500 --> 02:02:06,600
looking exposed and somehow 
dignified in their bareness. 

2110
02:02:07,700 --> 02:02:10,900
Mrs. Kawalsky across the street.
As already hung her pine tree. 

2111
02:02:10,900 --> 02:02:13,400
She always jumps straight from 
Halloween to Christmas. 

2112
02:02:14,400 --> 02:02:17,600
Skipping Thanksgiving entirely 
and her decorating enthusiasm. 

2113
02:02:17,600 --> 02:02:21,800
You've learned not to judge. 
Everyone finds their own way 

2114
02:02:21,800 --> 02:02:25,800
through these uncertain times 
your preparation span three 

2115
02:02:25,800 --> 02:02:26,400
days. 
Really? 

2116
02:02:26,400 --> 02:02:30,300
The calling it preparation makes
it sound more organized than it 

2117
02:02:30,300 --> 02:02:32,700
actually feels. 
You've been collecting 

2118
02:02:32,700 --> 02:02:36,300
ingredients slowly working 
within the ration books and 

2119
02:02:36,300 --> 02:02:40,700
trading favors with neighbors. 
Mrs. Patterson down at number 47

2120
02:02:40,700 --> 02:02:42,900
needed help with a victory 
garden cleanup. 

2121
02:02:42,900 --> 02:02:46,000
So you spent a Saturday 
afternoon, pulling up the last 

2122
02:02:46,000 --> 02:02:49,400
of her tomato plants and she 
repaid you with a precious pound

2123
02:02:49,400 --> 02:02:51,900
of sugar. 
From her extra allocation, the 

2124
02:02:51,900 --> 02:02:54,400
Hendersons gave you, their 
butter ration for the month in 

2125
02:02:54,400 --> 02:02:57,600
exchange for watching their 
daughter, while they visited his

2126
02:02:57,600 --> 02:03:01,000
mother in Rhode Island. 
This is how things work now. 

2127
02:03:01,900 --> 02:03:05,900
A careful economy of needs and 
offerings with nobody keeping 

2128
02:03:05,900 --> 02:03:08,400
strict accounts because that 
would feel too much like the 

2129
02:03:08,400 --> 02:03:11,000
transaction. 
It is the turkey came from 

2130
02:03:11,000 --> 02:03:13,400
Johnson's farm. 6 miles outside 
town. 

2131
02:03:13,400 --> 02:03:15,600
You took the bus out their last 
Tuesday. 

2132
02:03:15,600 --> 02:03:19,300
Walking the final mile along a 
road where Frost made the grass 

2133
02:03:19,300 --> 02:03:23,200
crunch pleasantly Under Foot. 
Johnson himself showed you three

2134
02:03:23,200 --> 02:03:26,500
birds, letting you choose, 
treating the selection with the 

2135
02:03:26,508 --> 02:03:30,600
seriousness it deserved. 
You picked the middle sized one,

2136
02:03:30,600 --> 02:03:35,400
not the largest that felt greedy
somehow and not the smallest, 

2137
02:03:35,400 --> 02:03:38,000
which seemed too sad for a 
proper holiday. 

2138
02:03:39,200 --> 02:03:42,500
Johnson wrapped it in butcher 
paper, with twine, the way 

2139
02:03:42,500 --> 02:03:45,500
things were wrapped before the 
war before everything became 

2140
02:03:45,500 --> 02:03:49,700
scarce and careful tomorrow, 
you'll host, seven people, maybe

2141
02:03:49,700 --> 02:03:51,100
eight. 
If your brother can get away 

2142
02:03:51,100 --> 02:03:55,200
from the mill, The dining table,
which usually sits against the 

2143
02:03:55,200 --> 02:03:57,400
wall looking decorative and 
slightly lonely. 

2144
02:03:58,100 --> 02:04:00,000
Has already been pulled to the 
center of the room. 

2145
02:04:00,800 --> 02:04:03,600
You've polished it until the 
Walnut grain seems to glow from 

2146
02:04:03,600 --> 02:04:07,100
within the Good China, your 
mother's set the one. 

2147
02:04:07,100 --> 02:04:09,200
She received as a wedding gift 
in 1911. 

2148
02:04:09,200 --> 02:04:13,800
Waits in the hutch, each piece 
carefully examined for chips or 

2149
02:04:13,800 --> 02:04:17,300
cracks. 
The gravy boat has a tiny floor 

2150
02:04:17,300 --> 02:04:20,600
near the handle practically 
invisible that you've been aware

2151
02:04:20,600 --> 02:04:24,700
of for 20 years. sometimes you 
run your thumb over it while 

2152
02:04:24,700 --> 02:04:28,500
serving, a private technology 
moment of all the meals this set

2153
02:04:28,500 --> 02:04:32,200
as witnessed your neighbor's 
daughter Betty stopped by this 

2154
02:04:32,200 --> 02:04:36,000
afternoon to show you her first 
attempt at pumpkin pie, She's 

2155
02:04:36,000 --> 02:04:38,700
17. 
Newly married to a boy who left 

2156
02:04:38,700 --> 02:04:41,700
for basic training, two days 
after the ceremony, and she'd 

2157
02:04:41,700 --> 02:04:44,200
been crying in her kitchen. 
When you found a staring, a 

2158
02:04:44,200 --> 02:04:47,000
collapsed Pike crossed. 
You didn't mention the tears, 

2159
02:04:47,000 --> 02:04:49,800
just rolled up your sleeves and 
showed her how to work the dough

2160
02:04:49,800 --> 02:04:53,700
with a gentler hand held the 
secret to flaky crossed lies in 

2161
02:04:53,700 --> 02:04:56,100
keeping everything cold and not 
overthinking it. 

2162
02:04:57,400 --> 02:05:00,900
By the time she left, she had 
two respectable pies and you had

2163
02:05:00,900 --> 02:05:04,100
the satisfaction of having been 
useful in a small but definite 

2164
02:05:04,100 --> 02:05:07,500
way, the light outside has gone 
golden the way it does in late 

2165
02:05:07,500 --> 02:05:10,700
November, that particular slant.
That makes everything. 

2166
02:05:10,700 --> 02:05:12,600
Look, both beautiful and 
temporary. 

2167
02:05:13,400 --> 02:05:17,000
You've set the good Lin in 
napkins soaking in the sink with

2168
02:05:17,000 --> 02:05:20,400
a handful of borax to brighten 
them, the white damask 

2169
02:05:20,400 --> 02:05:23,600
tablecloth, which spends most of
its life folded in tissue paper.

2170
02:05:23,600 --> 02:05:26,500
Hangs over the back of a chair 
waiting to be pressed. 

2171
02:05:27,500 --> 02:05:30,400
Your iron Heats on the stove and
you've cleared the kitchen table

2172
02:05:30,400 --> 02:05:33,300
to serve as a pressing board 
threading through all these 

2173
02:05:33,300 --> 02:05:36,000
preparations runs and under 
current of something, you can't 

2174
02:05:36,000 --> 02:05:40,800
quite named gratitude. 
Certainly your intensely aware 

2175
02:05:40,800 --> 02:05:44,400
of how lucky you are to have a 
house with heat food to serve 

2176
02:05:44,400 --> 02:05:49,400
and people together. but there's
all a kind of defiance in it a 

2177
02:05:49,400 --> 02:05:53,000
determination to mark this day 
properly, despite everything 

2178
02:05:54,100 --> 02:05:58,400
Maybe because of everything the 
world feels precarious enough 

2179
02:05:58,400 --> 02:06:01,500
without abandoning the rituals 
that make you feel human. 

2180
02:06:01,500 --> 02:06:04,400
You've been listening to the 
weather reports with half an ear

2181
02:06:04,400 --> 02:06:06,900
all week. 
Before cost keeps mentioning a 

2182
02:06:06,900 --> 02:06:09,900
storm system moving in from the 
north west, but weather 

2183
02:06:09,900 --> 02:06:11,700
predictions, always sound 
ominous. 

2184
02:06:12,800 --> 02:06:16,300
Significant snowfall possible. 
They said, on Tuesday, which 

2185
02:06:16,300 --> 02:06:18,800
could mean anything from a 
dusting to something more 

2186
02:06:18,800 --> 02:06:21,300
serious. 
You've lived in Massachusetts. 

2187
02:06:21,300 --> 02:06:23,900
Long enough to know that 
November snow is nothing 

2188
02:06:23,900 --> 02:06:27,100
unusual. 
Aside, you have a turkey to 

2189
02:06:27,100 --> 02:06:31,000
roast and pies to bake. 
Nature will do what she does and

2190
02:06:31,000 --> 02:06:33,700
you'll do what you do. 
Mrs, Chen from the grocery 

2191
02:06:33,700 --> 02:06:34,800
store. 
Cornered you yesterday 

2192
02:06:34,800 --> 02:06:38,200
afternoon, while you were buying
celery, and she spent 10 minutes

2193
02:06:38,200 --> 02:06:40,100
expressing her concerns about 
the weather. 

2194
02:06:40,800 --> 02:06:44,100
Mrs. Chen is the worrying type. 
She worries about late 

2195
02:06:44,100 --> 02:06:47,800
deliveries about her son in the 
Army about whether her husband 

2196
02:06:47,800 --> 02:06:50,900
remembers to wear his scarf. 
About everything really. 

2197
02:06:51,900 --> 02:06:54,500
So you nodded sympathetically, 
while trying to calculate 

2198
02:06:54,500 --> 02:06:57,300
whether you had enough onions at
home or needed to buy more. 

2199
02:06:58,100 --> 02:07:01,800
You bought more just to be safe.
Running out of onions on 

2200
02:07:01,800 --> 02:07:04,900
Thanksgiving would be its own 
small tragedy, the house feels 

2201
02:07:04,900 --> 02:07:08,200
particularly cozy this evening 
with the kitchen warmed by your 

2202
02:07:08,200 --> 02:07:11,400
baking and the living room 
radiator, hissing, companion in 

2203
02:07:11,400 --> 02:07:14,100
the corner. 
You've already made two, pies 

2204
02:07:14,100 --> 02:07:18,600
apple and mincemeat and they 
cool on the counter beneath 

2205
02:07:18,600 --> 02:07:22,200
clean dish, towels filling the 
air with cinnamon and clove. 

2206
02:07:22,900 --> 02:07:25,400
Tomorrow, you'll make the 
pumpkin pie and the dinner rolls

2207
02:07:25,400 --> 02:07:28,000
timing everything. 
So the turkey can have the oven 

2208
02:07:28,000 --> 02:07:29,800
to itself during the critical 
hours. 

2209
02:07:30,600 --> 02:07:33,500
You've done this enough times 
that the logistics feel almost 

2210
02:07:33,500 --> 02:07:36,400
automatic though. 
You still wrote yourself a 

2211
02:07:36,400 --> 02:07:37,700
schedule on the back of an 
envelope. 

2212
02:07:37,700 --> 02:07:41,500
Just to be certain, your brother
plans to bring sweet potatoes 

2213
02:07:41,500 --> 02:07:45,000
from his victory garden and your
sister-in-law promised, her 

2214
02:07:45,000 --> 02:07:48,200
famous cranberry sauce. 
Which is really just cranberry 

2215
02:07:48,200 --> 02:07:51,700
sauce like everyone else's but 
tastes better because she serves

2216
02:07:51,700 --> 02:07:53,300
it in her mother's cut glass 
bowl. 

2217
02:07:54,400 --> 02:07:58,000
These small distinctions matter,
they're the difference between a

2218
02:07:58,000 --> 02:08:01,400
meal and a celebration between 
getting through the day and 

2219
02:08:01,400 --> 02:08:04,700
marking it as something worth 
remembering the evening settles 

2220
02:08:04,700 --> 02:08:07,300
in with the kind of Stillness 
that makes you notice small 

2221
02:08:07,300 --> 02:08:11,600
sound the clock ticking in the 
hallway, the house, creaking as 

2222
02:08:11,600 --> 02:08:14,200
temperatures. 
Drop out side and the distant 

2223
02:08:14,200 --> 02:08:17,500
whistle of the last train 
heading south You've laid out 

2224
02:08:17,500 --> 02:08:20,600
your church clothes for tomorrow
morning service which starts at 

2225
02:08:20,600 --> 02:08:24,100
9:00 Sharp. 
Reverend Matthews always keeps 

2226
02:08:24,100 --> 02:08:27,800
the Thanksgiving service brief 
and sincere understanding that 

2227
02:08:27,800 --> 02:08:30,600
everyone has turkeys to 10 and 
families to welcome. 

2228
02:08:30,600 --> 02:08:34,300
You check the pantry one more 
time running through your mental

2229
02:08:34,300 --> 02:08:39,200
list, flower check butter. 
Check eggs, check bread for 

2230
02:08:39,200 --> 02:08:42,100
stuffing slightly stale exactly 
as it should be. 

2231
02:08:42,900 --> 02:08:45,400
Everything is ready. 
Everything is prepared. 

2232
02:08:45,400 --> 02:08:49,600
You've done what you can do. 
The rest is timing and attention

2233
02:08:49,600 --> 02:08:52,600
and a bit of luck outside. 
The temperature has dropped. 

2234
02:08:52,600 --> 02:08:56,100
Noticeably since this afternoon,
when you step onto the back 

2235
02:08:56,100 --> 02:08:59,400
porch to check the milk box, the
Milkman delivered late today, 

2236
02:08:59,400 --> 02:09:02,400
the cold hits, your face like 
something solid. 

2237
02:09:03,300 --> 02:09:07,200
The sky looks heavy, somehow 
clouds, moving in where this 

2238
02:09:07,200 --> 02:09:08,800
morning there was clear Autumn 
blue. 

2239
02:09:09,600 --> 02:09:12,700
You can smell the change in the 
air that particular mineral 

2240
02:09:12,700 --> 02:09:16,700
scent that precedes snow. 
Maybe misses Chen wasn't just 

2241
02:09:16,700 --> 02:09:18,700
being her usual anxious self 
after all. 

2242
02:09:18,700 --> 02:09:23,000
Back in side, you lock the door 
and draw the blackout curtains a

2243
02:09:23,000 --> 02:09:24,400
habit. 
So, ingrained now that you 

2244
02:09:24,408 --> 02:09:27,800
barely think about it. 
The Warfield feels very far away

2245
02:09:27,800 --> 02:09:32,700
and simultaneously very close, a
paradox, you've stopped trying 

2246
02:09:32,700 --> 02:09:36,300
to resolve You settle into your 
chair with a cup of tea in the 

2247
02:09:36,308 --> 02:09:38,700
newspaper, though. 
You've already read it twice. 

2248
02:09:39,600 --> 02:09:43,100
The cross word is half-finished.
You'll save the rest for 

2249
02:09:43,100 --> 02:09:45,600
tomorrow. 
Something to occupy your hands 

2250
02:09:45,600 --> 02:09:49,200
while the turkey roasts you wake
up at 5:30 on Thanksgiving 

2251
02:09:49,200 --> 02:09:52,300
morning which is early at the 
new plan but not surprising. 

2252
02:09:53,100 --> 02:09:55,800
Your body has its own ideas 
about important days. 

2253
02:09:55,800 --> 02:10:00,300
The house is cold, the furnace 
always struggles on the coldest 

2254
02:10:00,300 --> 02:10:03,600
mornings and you wrap yourself 
in your robe and Shuffle to the 

2255
02:10:03,608 --> 02:10:05,800
window before your brain is 
fully awake. 

2256
02:10:05,800 --> 02:10:08,900
What you see makes you stop 
completely one. 

2257
02:10:08,900 --> 02:10:11,300
Hand on the curtain breath, 
catching in your throat. 

2258
02:10:12,100 --> 02:10:14,500
Snow. 
Not the light dusting. 

2259
02:10:14,500 --> 02:10:17,700
You might have expected, not a 
respectable inch or two. 

2260
02:10:18,500 --> 02:10:21,400
Snow that has transformed the 
entire visible world into 

2261
02:10:21,400 --> 02:10:23,900
something from a different 
season entirely. 

2262
02:10:24,700 --> 02:10:27,500
Maple Street is disappeared 
under what looks like six inches

2263
02:10:27,500 --> 02:10:29,600
already and it's still coming 
down. 

2264
02:10:29,600 --> 02:10:32,900
Thick determined flakes, falling
so dense. 

2265
02:10:32,900 --> 02:10:35,900
You can barely see the Kowalski 
house across the way. 

2266
02:10:35,900 --> 02:10:38,200
Your first thought is the 
turkey. 

2267
02:10:38,200 --> 02:10:40,900
Your second thought is the 
turkey. 

2268
02:10:40,900 --> 02:10:44,700
Your third thought is how you'll
get 7 people here through this 

2269
02:10:44,700 --> 02:10:47,100
mess and your fourth thoughts, 
circles. 

2270
02:10:47,100 --> 02:10:51,100
Back to the turkey again, You've
been planning this meal for 

2271
02:10:51,100 --> 02:10:56,000
weeks, negotiating rations and 
trading favors, and now nature 

2272
02:10:56,000 --> 02:10:58,700
is decided to throw its own 
planes into the mix. 

2273
02:10:58,700 --> 02:11:01,900
The kitchen thermometer confirms
what your body already knows 

2274
02:11:01,900 --> 02:11:06,200
it's 28 degrees and the Four 
cast to your refrigerator. 

2275
02:11:06,200 --> 02:11:10,300
With a magnet, suddenly seems 
laughably an adequate Possible. 

2276
02:11:10,300 --> 02:11:13,400
Snow showers. 
It said, This isn't possible 

2277
02:11:13,400 --> 02:11:16,500
snow showers. 
This is a full winter storm. 

2278
02:11:16,500 --> 02:11:20,100
Making itself comfortable in 
late, November settling in like 

2279
02:11:20,100 --> 02:11:23,600
an Uninvited Guest who has no 
intention of leaving anytime 

2280
02:11:23,600 --> 02:11:25,700
soon. 
You turn on the radio while 

2281
02:11:25,700 --> 02:11:28,800
starting the coffee needing 
information more than you need 

2282
02:11:28,808 --> 02:11:30,900
the usual. 
Thanksgiving morning, music 

2283
02:11:30,900 --> 02:11:34,700
programming, the announcer's 
voice sounds almost gleeful with

2284
02:11:34,700 --> 02:11:38,700
the drama of it all. 
And unexpected storm system has 

2285
02:11:38,700 --> 02:11:41,400
stalled over central 
Massachusetts, bringing heavy 

2286
02:11:41,400 --> 02:11:45,900
snowfall throughout the region, 
the accumulations of 12 to 18 

2287
02:11:45,900 --> 02:11:48,000
inches are expected by this 
evening. 

2288
02:11:48,000 --> 02:11:51,300
Residents are advised to stay 
home if possible. 

2289
02:11:52,100 --> 02:11:56,000
Stay home as if you weren't 
already home, as if you hadn't 

2290
02:11:56,000 --> 02:11:57,900
spent three days preparing for a
meal. 

2291
02:11:57,900 --> 02:12:01,900
That now seems suddenly 
Complicated by whether The 

2292
02:12:01,900 --> 02:12:05,300
turkey sits in the refrigerator 
stubbornly present in impossible

2293
02:12:05,300 --> 02:12:08,700
to ignore. 22 pounds of 
obligation that won't cook 

2294
02:12:08,700 --> 02:12:11,800
itself. 
Telephone rings at 615 

2295
02:12:11,800 --> 02:12:14,900
startling, you badly enough that
you Splash coffee on the 

2296
02:12:14,908 --> 02:12:17,800
counter. 
It's your sister, her voice 

2297
02:12:17,800 --> 02:12:20,300
typed with frustration. 
Have you looked outside? 

2298
02:12:20,300 --> 02:12:24,500
Charlie, says, the roads are 
impossible the mill closed, they

2299
02:12:24,500 --> 02:12:26,700
never closed. 
I don't think we can make it, 

2300
02:12:26,700 --> 02:12:30,700
you tell who you understand, 
because you do and that you'll 

2301
02:12:30,700 --> 02:12:32,900
save them plates because you 
will. 

2302
02:12:32,900 --> 02:12:36,500
And that the important thing is,
everyone's safety. 

2303
02:12:36,500 --> 02:12:40,700
All of this is true. 
It's also true that you feel a 

2304
02:12:40,700 --> 02:12:44,600
sharp prick of disappointment 
that you won't acknowledge even 

2305
02:12:44,600 --> 02:12:47,600
to your self. 
Seven people are suddenly become

2306
02:12:47,600 --> 02:12:49,800
four, maybe three. 
If your brother can't get 

2307
02:12:49,800 --> 02:12:52,000
through either, the snow keeps 
falling. 

2308
02:12:52,000 --> 02:12:56,100
You watch it while drinking your
coffee, mesmerized by the sheer 

2309
02:12:56,100 --> 02:12:59,200
quantity of it. 
The Street Lamp on the corner 

2310
02:12:59,200 --> 02:13:02,300
which usually turns off at dawn 
remains lit. 

2311
02:13:02,300 --> 02:13:05,400
Its glow. 
Creating a cone of swirling 

2312
02:13:05,400 --> 02:13:10,700
white that looks almost festive.
Mrs. Kohl's pine tree has become

2313
02:13:10,700 --> 02:13:14,100
a white circle on her red door. 
The cars, parked along, the 

2314
02:13:14,100 --> 02:13:17,700
street are becoming shapeless 
humps their identity, slowly 

2315
02:13:17,700 --> 02:13:22,100
erased by accumulated snow your 
practical side reasserts itself.

2316
02:13:22,100 --> 02:13:25,400
You have a turkey. 
You have heat and electricity 

2317
02:13:25,400 --> 02:13:29,100
for now, at least you have 
ingredients and time and a 

2318
02:13:29,100 --> 02:13:32,300
perfectly good kitchen. 
The meal will happen even if 

2319
02:13:32,300 --> 02:13:35,800
it's smaller than you planned. 
You've adapted to worse things 

2320
02:13:35,800 --> 02:13:38,100
in the past, two years than a 
changing guest count. 

2321
02:13:38,100 --> 02:13:40,800
The turkey goes into the oven at
7:00. 

2322
02:13:40,800 --> 02:13:44,300
Exactly a scheduled, you've 
stuffed it with bread and onions

2323
02:13:44,300 --> 02:13:47,900
and celery, and Sage the way 
your mother taught you the way 

2324
02:13:47,908 --> 02:13:52,300
her mother taught her The ritual
of preparation feels grounding 

2325
02:13:52,300 --> 02:13:56,100
your hands know what to do, even
when your mind is spinning. 

2326
02:13:56,100 --> 02:14:00,900
Through revised Logistics based 
every 30 minutes tent with foil.

2327
02:14:00,900 --> 02:14:05,300
If it Browns too quickly, check 
the internal temperature, these 

2328
02:14:05,300 --> 02:14:09,300
are certain teas in an uncertain
morning by 8:00 the snow shows. 

2329
02:14:09,300 --> 02:14:12,500
No signs of stopping. 
You're supposed to be at church 

2330
02:14:12,500 --> 02:14:14,900
in an hour but that now seems 
like a plan from a different 

2331
02:14:14,900 --> 02:14:17,600
lifetime. 
The turkey, smells wonderful. 

2332
02:14:17,600 --> 02:14:21,600
At least that warm Savory, 
Center of roasting me to nerves.

2333
02:14:21,600 --> 02:14:24,200
That means, Thanksgiving 
regardless of whether or 

2334
02:14:24,200 --> 02:14:28,000
circumstances you make yourself 
another cup of coffee and start 

2335
02:14:28,000 --> 02:14:30,600
peeling potatoes. 
Because what else is there to do

2336
02:14:30,600 --> 02:14:34,500
the telephone rings again? 
At 8:30, your brother this time 

2337
02:14:34,500 --> 02:14:38,400
apologetic, but firm the roads 
are completely snowed in. 

2338
02:14:38,400 --> 02:14:40,600
We can't even get the car out of
the driveway. 

2339
02:14:40,600 --> 02:14:43,200
I'm sorry. 
Sis will make it up to you. 

2340
02:14:43,200 --> 02:14:47,400
You tell him, it's fine. 
It's absolutely fine. 

2341
02:14:47,400 --> 02:14:51,700
Don't worry about it at all. 
Your Voice Sounds convincing 

2342
02:14:51,700 --> 02:14:54,700
even to yourself. 
When you hang up, you stand 

2343
02:14:54,700 --> 02:14:58,400
looking at the dining table set 
for seven polished and perfect 

2344
02:14:58,400 --> 02:15:01,800
decorated with the nice China 
and the good napkins. 

2345
02:15:02,500 --> 02:15:06,300
And feel something shift inside.
You not quite disappointment 

2346
02:15:06,300 --> 02:15:09,800
anymore, something closer to 
acceptance with a touch of 

2347
02:15:09,808 --> 02:15:12,900
bemused humor. 
You've prepared A Feast for an 

2348
02:15:12,900 --> 02:15:16,000
audience that can't arrive. 
You're putting on a performance 

2349
02:15:16,000 --> 02:15:18,700
for an empty theater. 
The storm intensifies around 

2350
02:15:18,700 --> 02:15:21,300
9:00, right. 
When you should be sitting in a 

2351
02:15:21,300 --> 02:15:25,600
church pew, singing hymns in 
Stead, your basting the turkey 

2352
02:15:25,600 --> 02:15:28,900
and watching The Wind Drive, 
snow against the kitchen window 

2353
02:15:28,900 --> 02:15:32,700
in horizontal sheets. 
The whole world has narrowed to 

2354
02:15:32,700 --> 02:15:35,600
your house, your street, and 
this immediate and suddenly 

2355
02:15:35,600 --> 02:15:38,800
intimate space, everything 
beyond your front yard as 

2356
02:15:38,800 --> 02:15:42,500
become, theoretically knocks on 
your back door at 9:30, 

2357
02:15:42,500 --> 02:15:44,400
appearing out of the white 
nurse. 

2358
02:15:44,400 --> 02:15:47,900
Like a snow dusted ghost. 
She is wearing her husband's 

2359
02:15:47,900 --> 02:15:51,800
oversized coat and boots. 
And her face is red with cold 

2360
02:15:51,800 --> 02:15:56,100
and exertion I walked over. 
She announces unnecessarily, 

2361
02:15:56,100 --> 02:15:58,500
couldn't stand being alone in 
that house on Thanksgiving 

2362
02:15:58,500 --> 02:16:00,400
watching the snow and thinking 
about Jim. 

2363
02:16:01,200 --> 02:16:04,400
The voice crack slightly on her 
husband's name, you pull her 

2364
02:16:04,400 --> 02:16:06,900
inside, help her out of the wet 
coat and sit her down with hot 

2365
02:16:06,900 --> 02:16:10,100
coffee and suddenly, your 
Thanksgiving has two guests, and

2366
02:16:10,100 --> 02:16:13,900
of zero, which changes 
everything you have someone to 

2367
02:16:13,900 --> 02:16:17,300
cook for someone to talk to and 
someone to share the strange 

2368
02:16:17,300 --> 02:16:19,400
intimacy of being snowed in on a
holiday. 

2369
02:16:21,000 --> 02:16:24,600
The dining table set for 7. 
Now feels less sad and more 

2370
02:16:24,600 --> 02:16:28,300
hopeful as if those empty chairs
are just waiting for a different

2371
02:16:28,300 --> 02:16:31,800
year, the radio continues, its 
coverage of the storm which is 

2372
02:16:31,808 --> 02:16:35,299
apparently caught, everyone by 
surprise train service, 

2373
02:16:35,299 --> 02:16:38,100
suspended roads in possible 
throughout the county. 

2374
02:16:38,100 --> 02:16:40,900
The emergency crews are 
struggling to keep up. 

2375
02:16:40,900 --> 02:16:44,700
You listen, while putting the 
sweet potatoes into roast, your 

2376
02:16:44,700 --> 02:16:47,299
brother's sweet potatoes, that 
he grew in his victory garden 

2377
02:16:47,299 --> 02:16:50,400
and brought over yesterday 
before the world turned white 

2378
02:16:50,400 --> 02:16:52,900
and impossible. 
At least they'll get eaten 

2379
02:16:52,900 --> 02:16:54,799
Betty. 
Helps you make the cranberry 

2380
02:16:54,799 --> 02:16:56,500
sauce. 
Following the recipe, her 

2381
02:16:56,500 --> 02:16:57,900
mother-in-law Center in a 
letter. 

2382
02:16:58,700 --> 02:17:02,400
Cranberries sugar, orange zest 
and a splash of water. 

2383
02:17:03,400 --> 02:17:06,299
You work side by side and 
comfortable near silents. 

2384
02:17:06,299 --> 02:17:10,200
The kind of quiet that comes 
from shared purpose rather than 

2385
02:17:10,200 --> 02:17:14,299
lack of things to say. 
The Cranberries pop and soften 

2386
02:17:14,900 --> 02:17:19,000
Transforming from hard bitter. 
Berries into something Ruby 

2387
02:17:19,000 --> 02:17:20,100
colored and tart. 
Sweet. 

2388
02:17:20,900 --> 02:17:23,299
Small magic. 
The kind that happens in 

2389
02:17:23,299 --> 02:17:27,100
kitchens Everywhere. 
By 10:00 the snow is accumulated

2390
02:17:27,100 --> 02:17:30,200
to what the estimate is. 
At least 10 inches with no signs

2391
02:17:30,200 --> 02:17:33,600
of stopping the world. 
Beyond your windows has become a

2392
02:17:33,600 --> 02:17:38,600
moving curtain of white hypnotic
in its relentlessness you've 

2393
02:17:38,600 --> 02:17:41,600
stopped checking the forecast 
because clearly the forecast is 

2394
02:17:41,600 --> 02:17:44,500
useless. 
Nature is writing her own story 

2395
02:17:44,500 --> 02:17:46,500
today and you're all just living
in it. 

2396
02:17:46,500 --> 02:17:51,799
The turkey emerges from the oven
at noon, golden and perfect Skin

2397
02:17:51,799 --> 02:17:55,200
crackling with the kind of 
deeply satisfying brownness! 

2398
02:17:55,200 --> 02:17:57,200
That only comes from careful 
attention. 

2399
02:17:58,000 --> 02:17:59,900
You've tented it under foil to 
rest. 

2400
02:17:59,900 --> 02:18:04,299
The way proper turkey, protocol 
demands and the kitchen smells 

2401
02:18:04,299 --> 02:18:09,200
so intense of Thanksgiving that 
had almost Eights All this food 

2402
02:18:09,200 --> 02:18:12,600
for two people. 
It would be absurd if it were to

2403
02:18:12,600 --> 02:18:16,299
somehow, exactly, right. 
Betty sets the table, while you 

2404
02:18:16,299 --> 02:18:18,700
make the gravy. 
Both of you, moving around the 

2405
02:18:18,700 --> 02:18:21,299
kitchen in a dance, you've 
improvised on the spot, but 

2406
02:18:21,299 --> 02:18:25,600
feels almost choreographed. 
He tells you about Jim about how

2407
02:18:25,600 --> 02:18:29,200
they met at a church social, and
about their three-day honeymoon 

2408
02:18:29,200 --> 02:18:32,799
at Cape, Cod before he left. 
You tell her about your nephew 

2409
02:18:32,799 --> 02:18:36,400
about the letters that arrived 
irregularly and about how you've

2410
02:18:36,400 --> 02:18:38,799
stopped watching the newsreels 
at the cinema because they make 

2411
02:18:38,799 --> 02:18:41,799
your chest feel tight. 
This isn't the Thanksgiving you 

2412
02:18:41,799 --> 02:18:44,299
planned, but it's becoming the 
Thanksgiving. 

2413
02:18:44,299 --> 02:18:47,200
You're having, there's something
freeing in that distinction. 

2414
02:18:47,200 --> 02:18:51,200
The mashed potatoes, turn out, 
perfectly creamy and buttery, 

2415
02:18:51,200 --> 02:18:53,600
despite the rational 
restrictions, because you've 

2416
02:18:53,600 --> 02:18:55,900
learned to make a little butter.
Go a long way with the help of 

2417
02:18:55,907 --> 02:18:59,600
hot milk, and plenty of beating 
the sweet potatoes emerge from 

2418
02:18:59,600 --> 02:19:04,100
the oven caramelized and sweet 
the roles, which you made from 

2419
02:19:04,100 --> 02:19:07,100
do you started yesterday, rise 
beautifully. 

2420
02:19:07,100 --> 02:19:11,000
Their tops turning, the exact 
shade of golden brown that makes

2421
02:19:11,000 --> 02:19:14,799
bread look like a promise. 
You carry dish after dish to the

2422
02:19:14,799 --> 02:19:18,000
dining table which suddenly 
seems less empty to despite all 

2423
02:19:18,000 --> 02:19:21,700
the vacant chairs. 
You've decided to leave it set 

2424
02:19:21,700 --> 02:19:25,200
for seven, a kind of hopeful 
acknowledgment, of the people 

2425
02:19:25,200 --> 02:19:29,200
who would be here if they could.
There are absent feels less like

2426
02:19:29,200 --> 02:19:33,600
loss and more like postponement.
A celebration delayed, but not 

2427
02:19:33,600 --> 02:19:36,299
canceled. 
The cranberry sauce gleams in 

2428
02:19:36,299 --> 02:19:38,799
its bowl. 
The stuffing steams when you 

2429
02:19:38,799 --> 02:19:42,500
spoon it into its serving dish. 
the turkey takes the place of 

2430
02:19:42,500 --> 02:19:45,600
honor at the head of the table 
and for a moment, you both just 

2431
02:19:45,600 --> 02:19:49,800
stand there, looking at it all 
Thanksgiving feast prepared, 

2432
02:19:49,800 --> 02:19:53,700
with care and serve to an 
audience of two in a town that 

2433
02:19:53,700 --> 02:19:56,600
has been frozen in place by an 
unexpected storm. 

2434
02:19:57,400 --> 02:19:59,900
It's ridiculous and beautiful. 
At the same time. 

2435
02:19:59,900 --> 02:20:04,500
You say a brief grace before 
eating thanking, God for food 

2436
02:20:04,500 --> 02:20:08,300
and shelter and safety for 
Betty's company and for all the 

2437
02:20:08,300 --> 02:20:10,400
people who aren't here but a 
thought of any way. 

2438
02:20:11,300 --> 02:20:13,700
Bets are her own quiet. 
Thanks for Jim's, safety, 

2439
02:20:13,700 --> 02:20:16,700
wherever he is. 
And you notice she touches the 

2440
02:20:16,700 --> 02:20:19,800
simple wedding band on her 
finger as she says it the meal 

2441
02:20:19,800 --> 02:20:22,400
itself is delicious. 
Which feels like a small 

2442
02:20:22,400 --> 02:20:25,300
Triumph. 
A turkey is moist and flavorful.

2443
02:20:25,300 --> 02:20:27,600
The gravy has just the right 
consistency. 

2444
02:20:27,600 --> 02:20:30,500
On the roles are exactly as 
bread should be. 

2445
02:20:31,300 --> 02:20:34,400
You eat slowly. 
Same, not just the food, but the

2446
02:20:34,400 --> 02:20:37,800
strangeness of the whole 
situation, Outside. 

2447
02:20:37,800 --> 02:20:42,500
The storm continues its patient.
Work of burying the world inside

2448
02:20:42,500 --> 02:20:46,800
you have warmth and plenty and 
unexpected companionship Betty 

2449
02:20:46,800 --> 02:20:50,800
laughs suddenly a real laugh. 
Not the polite kind when she 

2450
02:20:50,800 --> 02:20:53,800
tries to take another role and 
realizes she's already too full 

2451
02:20:54,700 --> 02:20:57,900
I'll be eating turkey sandwiches
for a week, she says, and you 

2452
02:20:57,900 --> 02:20:59,700
laugh, too? 
Because you're thinking the same

2453
02:20:59,700 --> 02:21:03,700
thing. 22 pound turkey for two. 
People might be the definition 

2454
02:21:03,700 --> 02:21:06,600
of optimism, you're clearing the
dessert plates. 

2455
02:21:06,600 --> 02:21:08,100
When someone knocks on the front
door. 

2456
02:21:08,100 --> 02:21:11,300
Solid determined, nox that make 
you both. 

2457
02:21:11,300 --> 02:21:14,100
Look at each other in Surprise. 
Who would be out in this 

2458
02:21:14,100 --> 02:21:16,700
weather? 
You open the door to find Mr. 

2459
02:21:16,700 --> 02:21:20,000
Patterson, from down the street.
Snow covered and slightly 

2460
02:21:20,000 --> 02:21:21,700
sheepish. 
Holding a shovel. 

2461
02:21:21,700 --> 02:21:25,000
Saw your lights on. 
He says breath making clouds and

2462
02:21:25,000 --> 02:21:28,300
the cold air been making sure 
the elderly folks on the street.

2463
02:21:28,308 --> 02:21:31,300
All right Mrs. Chen's furnace 
went out. 

2464
02:21:31,300 --> 02:21:34,600
We got it working again but 
she's nervous about staying 

2465
02:21:34,600 --> 02:21:36,100
alone. 
She mentioned. 

2466
02:21:36,100 --> 02:21:40,100
You might have extra food and 
just like that your Thanksgiving

2467
02:21:40,100 --> 02:21:44,000
expand again. 
Mrs. Chen arrives, 20 minutes 

2468
02:21:44,000 --> 02:21:47,600
later, a squirted by Mr. 
Patterson through snow, that is 

2469
02:21:47,600 --> 02:21:50,900
now easily a foot deep. 
She brings her appetite and her 

2470
02:21:50,900 --> 02:21:52,900
gratitude and her tendency to 
worry. 

2471
02:21:53,800 --> 02:21:57,000
Which suddenly seems more 
endearing than annoying, you set

2472
02:21:57,000 --> 02:22:00,200
another place at the table. 
Heat up more food and watch. 

2473
02:22:00,200 --> 02:22:03,500
Mrs, Chen's face transformed. 
When she sees the spread of laid

2474
02:22:03,500 --> 02:22:06,400
out the afternoon on folds, in a
way you never could have 

2475
02:22:06,400 --> 02:22:09,400
planned. 
Mr. Patterson returns with old 

2476
02:22:09,400 --> 02:22:11,200
Mr. Johnson from two houses 
over. 

2477
02:22:11,200 --> 02:22:14,100
He's been widowed since April 
and was planning, to spend the 

2478
02:22:14,100 --> 02:22:16,500
day alone. 
Then the Hendersons appear 

2479
02:22:16,508 --> 02:22:19,500
having walked over from their 
place because their daughter was

2480
02:22:19,500 --> 02:22:21,800
asking about you and they 
figured they might as well check

2481
02:22:21,800 --> 02:22:25,300
if you needed anything. 
Each arrival brings more snow 

2482
02:22:25,300 --> 02:22:29,000
inside more voices, more 
laughter and more life into your

2483
02:22:29,000 --> 02:22:32,800
warm house, while the storm, 
does its work outside, you're 

2484
02:22:32,800 --> 02:22:35,300
carefully, planned dinner for 
seven becomes an impromptu 

2485
02:22:35,300 --> 02:22:38,500
gathering for eight, then nine, 
then 10. 

2486
02:22:39,500 --> 02:22:43,300
The turkey, which seemed 
absurdly larger at noon, begins 

2487
02:22:43,300 --> 02:22:45,900
to make sense. 
You heat up more roles. 

2488
02:22:45,900 --> 02:22:48,700
Make more gravy and slice, more 
pies. 

2489
02:22:48,700 --> 02:22:51,800
Your kitchen becomes a warm Hub 
of activity. 

2490
02:22:51,800 --> 02:22:55,600
People moving through it to 
hell, or to make coffee, or just

2491
02:22:55,600 --> 02:22:58,500
to stand near the heat of the 
stove and watch the snowfall. 

2492
02:22:58,500 --> 02:23:02,100
The dining room fills with 
conversations that overlap and 

2493
02:23:02,100 --> 02:23:05,000
into weave. 
Mr. Johnson tells stories about 

2494
02:23:05,000 --> 02:23:08,200
thanksgiving's passed back when 
his wife was alive, and his 

2495
02:23:08,200 --> 02:23:12,500
children were small, Misses Chen
describes traditional Chinese, 

2496
02:23:12,500 --> 02:23:15,500
New Year feasts, making 
connections between your 

2497
02:23:15,500 --> 02:23:17,800
holidays that you'd never 
considered before. 

2498
02:23:18,800 --> 02:23:22,200
Henderson girl, who seven and 
deeply impressed by the snow 

2499
02:23:22,200 --> 02:23:25,300
makes everyone laugh by asking 
the storm. 

2500
02:23:25,300 --> 02:23:28,300
Means it's Christmas. 
Now Betty gravitates towards 

2501
02:23:28,300 --> 02:23:31,300
Chen, and you watch them talk 
quietly in the corner. 

2502
02:23:31,300 --> 02:23:35,400
Two women missing husbands 
finding comfort and shared 

2503
02:23:35,400 --> 02:23:40,100
experience, Mr. Patterson helps,
you slice more turkey his 

2504
02:23:40,100 --> 02:23:43,000
movements practiced from years 
of carving his own holiday 

2505
02:23:43,000 --> 02:23:46,000
Birds. 
The Hendersons manage the small 

2506
02:23:46,000 --> 02:23:48,100
miracle of keeping their 
energetic daughter. 

2507
02:23:48,100 --> 02:23:51,600
Entertained, in your living room
building elaborate structures 

2508
02:23:51,600 --> 02:23:54,300
with the throw pillows, this 
isn't the Thanksgiving. 

2509
02:23:54,300 --> 02:23:58,500
You planned, its Messier more 
chaotic and completely 

2510
02:23:58,500 --> 02:24:01,400
unexpected. 
It's also more alive than 

2511
02:24:01,400 --> 02:24:03,800
anything. 
You could have organized your 

2512
02:24:03,800 --> 02:24:06,800
house which you keep. 
So carefully neat, most of the 

2513
02:24:06,800 --> 02:24:10,700
time has become filled with the 
comfortable disorder of actual 

2514
02:24:10,700 --> 02:24:13,600
life happening. 
Coats piled on the bed. 

2515
02:24:13,600 --> 02:24:16,800
Boots dripping by the door and 
voices and laughter. 

2516
02:24:16,800 --> 02:24:19,600
Spilling from room to room he 
catch yourself. 

2517
02:24:19,600 --> 02:24:22,800
Smiling. 
Really smiling or watching Mr. 

2518
02:24:22,800 --> 02:24:25,700
Johnson teach the Henderson girl
from old song about a pumpkin. 

2519
02:24:26,500 --> 02:24:30,500
The war hasn't gone anywhere. 
Your nephew is still overseas, 

2520
02:24:30,500 --> 02:24:33,300
everything that worried you this
morning is still worth worrying 

2521
02:24:33,300 --> 02:24:36,200
about. 
But right now in this moment in 

2522
02:24:36,200 --> 02:24:39,000
this house full of neighbors who
became friends, who became 

2523
02:24:39,000 --> 02:24:43,300
something like family you feel 
genuinely happy The snow 

2524
02:24:43,300 --> 02:24:47,700
continues to fall steady and 
implacable adding inch after 

2525
02:24:47,700 --> 02:24:49,600
inch to the accumulation 
outside. 

2526
02:24:50,700 --> 02:24:54,400
But inside your warm and fed and
surrounded by people who chose 

2527
02:24:54,400 --> 02:24:57,900
to be here, despite or perhaps, 
because of the impossibility of 

2528
02:24:57,908 --> 02:25:01,000
the weather. 
You serve pies with coffee and 

2529
02:25:01,000 --> 02:25:04,400
everyone insists their two full 
but somehow manages to eat a 

2530
02:25:04,400 --> 02:25:07,800
slice anyway, The apple pie in 
particular, disappears, quickly 

2531
02:25:07,800 --> 02:25:11,700
helped Along by Mr. Patterson's 
enthusiasm for your crossed 

2532
02:25:11,700 --> 02:25:16,400
recipe, by mid-tone, the snow is
achieved a kind of hypnotic but 

2533
02:25:16,400 --> 02:25:21,100
not only It simply keeps coming 
steady and patient, like it has 

2534
02:25:21,100 --> 02:25:25,000
all the time in the world and no
interest in being anywhere else.

2535
02:25:26,300 --> 02:25:29,300
The accumulation outside your 
window has reached levels. 

2536
02:25:29,300 --> 02:25:41,000
You've rarely seen 5 0 1 6. 
Cedar Mills has become a snow 

2537
02:25:41,000 --> 02:25:45,000
globe, shaken, and set down to 
settle in its own time. 

2538
02:25:45,800 --> 02:25:48,800
Peculiar thing about heavy snow 
is how it changes sound. 

2539
02:25:48,800 --> 02:25:51,900
The world becomes muffled 
distant. 

2540
02:25:51,900 --> 02:25:55,900
As if someone has wrapped the 
entire town in Cotton wool, you 

2541
02:25:55,900 --> 02:25:58,300
notice it, when you step onto 
the back porch to check the 

2542
02:25:58,300 --> 02:26:03,300
thermometer 24 degrees and 
holding steady, The usual sounds

2543
02:26:03,300 --> 02:26:07,600
of the neighborhood of vanished.
No cars, no distant train 

2544
02:26:07,600 --> 02:26:10,200
whistles. 
Even the birds of gone quiet, 

2545
02:26:10,200 --> 02:26:14,700
presumably tucked in to whatever
shelter, they could find just 

2546
02:26:14,700 --> 02:26:19,100
the soft Whisper of falling snow
and your own breathing, Mrs. 

2547
02:26:19,100 --> 02:26:22,400
Chen has taken over your kitchen
radio, tuning it to different 

2548
02:26:22,400 --> 02:26:24,200
stations, trying to find 
updates. 

2549
02:26:25,100 --> 02:26:28,300
What she finds is mostly the 
same information repeated with 

2550
02:26:28,300 --> 02:26:32,100
slight variations. 
The storm is unprecedented for 

2551
02:26:32,100 --> 02:26:35,100
the time of year, emerging 
emergency services are 

2552
02:26:35,100 --> 02:26:37,500
struggling and everyone should 
stay in sight. 

2553
02:26:38,200 --> 02:26:41,200
One announced a mentioned with 
audible excitement that this 

2554
02:26:41,200 --> 02:26:45,000
might be the heaviest November 
snowfalls and 1898. 

2555
02:26:46,300 --> 02:26:49,600
Mrs. Chen looks at you with 
raised eyebrows as if the 

2556
02:26:49,600 --> 02:26:53,000
historical significant makes the
current situation somehow 

2557
02:26:53,000 --> 02:26:56,300
better, the Gathering in your 
living room is settled into a 

2558
02:26:56,300 --> 02:26:59,200
comfortable rhythm. 
People have stopped apologizing 

2559
02:26:59,200 --> 02:27:02,100
for being here and stopped 
asking if they're imposing. 

2560
02:27:03,500 --> 02:27:07,300
Mr. Johnson has fallen asleep in
your armchair, his hands folded 

2561
02:27:07,300 --> 02:27:10,300
over his stomach. 
Looking peaceful in a way that 

2562
02:27:10,300 --> 02:27:12,200
makes your heart. 
Squeeze slightly. 

2563
02:27:13,200 --> 02:27:15,200
The Henderson girl is teaching 
Betty. 

2564
02:27:15,200 --> 02:27:18,800
A complicated hand clapping 
game, both of them laughing when

2565
02:27:18,800 --> 02:27:22,300
they mess up the pattern. 
Mr. Henderson has found your 

2566
02:27:22,300 --> 02:27:25,400
husband's old pipe. 
You've forgot, you even kept it 

2567
02:27:25,400 --> 02:27:29,100
and sits holding it. 
Unlit just for the comfort of 

2568
02:27:29,100 --> 02:27:31,700
the familiar shape. 
You've been thinking about your 

2569
02:27:31,700 --> 02:27:33,800
husband more today than you have
in months. 

2570
02:27:34,800 --> 02:27:38,800
He died in the spring of 41, 
just before everything changed 

2571
02:27:38,800 --> 02:27:42,400
before the war, made its way to 
your doorstep in the form of 

2572
02:27:42,400 --> 02:27:44,300
rational books and air raid 
drills. 

2573
02:27:45,000 --> 02:27:49,000
He would have liked this the 
unexpected company, the gentle 

2574
02:27:49,000 --> 02:27:52,100
chaos, the way your organized 
Thanksgiving transformed into 

2575
02:27:52,100 --> 02:27:55,600
something Messier and more real.
He always said you were too 

2576
02:27:55,600 --> 02:27:58,400
rigid in your planing that the 
best moments come from 

2577
02:27:58,400 --> 02:28:00,900
accidents. 
The beginning to think you might

2578
02:28:00,900 --> 02:28:03,600
have been right? 
The light outside is starting to

2579
02:28:03,600 --> 02:28:07,300
change that imperceptible shift 
from afternoon to early evening.

2580
02:28:08,400 --> 02:28:12,500
The snow has slowed slightly, 
not stopping, but easing from 

2581
02:28:12,500 --> 02:28:16,500
its earlier Relentless pace. 
You can actually see individual 

2582
02:28:16,500 --> 02:28:18,700
flakes. 
Now, instead of just an 

2583
02:28:18,700 --> 02:28:22,300
undifferentiated curtain of 
white, the Street Lamp on the 

2584
02:28:22,300 --> 02:28:26,200
corner is switched on creating 
that same cone of illuminated 

2585
02:28:26,200 --> 02:28:27,800
snowfall that you watch this 
morning. 

2586
02:28:28,600 --> 02:28:30,800
It feels like you've lived an 
entire week. 

2587
02:28:30,800 --> 02:28:34,600
In one day, Betty finds you in 
the kitchen where you've escaped

2588
02:28:34,600 --> 02:28:36,500
under the pretense of making 
more coffee. 

2589
02:28:37,500 --> 02:28:39,000
Thank you. 
She says, quietly. 

2590
02:28:40,000 --> 02:28:43,300
For today. 
For letting me come over for all

2591
02:28:43,308 --> 02:28:46,700
of this. 
She gestures vaguely at the 

2592
02:28:46,708 --> 02:28:50,800
house, the Gathering and the 
whole improbable situation. 

2593
02:28:50,800 --> 02:28:55,300
You tell her she's welcome 
because she is but also that she

2594
02:28:55,300 --> 02:28:58,000
saved your Thanksgiving as much 
as you saved hers. 

2595
02:28:58,900 --> 02:29:01,600
Being alone in that perfectly 
prepared, dining room would have

2596
02:29:01,608 --> 02:29:04,400
been its own small tragedy. 
Having her here. 

2597
02:29:04,400 --> 02:29:07,500
Made everything else possible. 
The Henderson girl appears in 

2598
02:29:07,500 --> 02:29:10,600
the doorway the face serious 
with the kind of profound 

2599
02:29:10,600 --> 02:29:13,800
question. 
Only seven year olds ask Will 

2600
02:29:13,800 --> 02:29:16,800
the snow ever? 
Stop, she wants to know you tell

2601
02:29:16,800 --> 02:29:20,300
her yes, of course, it will 
probably buy tomorrow morning. 

2602
02:29:21,100 --> 02:29:22,700
The privately, you're not 
entirely. 

2603
02:29:22,700 --> 02:29:24,900
Sure. 
This storm has its own logic, 

2604
02:29:24,900 --> 02:29:27,900
its own timeline. 
It'll stop when it's ready and 

2605
02:29:27,900 --> 02:29:31,300
not a moment before. 
Mr. Patterson, has organized, an

2606
02:29:31,300 --> 02:29:34,000
expedition to check on a few 
more neighbors, specifically, 

2607
02:29:34,000 --> 02:29:37,500
the kowalskis an old Mrs. Barnes
who lives alone, at the end of 

2608
02:29:37,508 --> 02:29:40,800
the street, you loan him extra 
scarves and mittens and 

2609
02:29:40,800 --> 02:29:42,600
watching. 
Bundle up like his heading to 

2610
02:29:42,608 --> 02:29:44,700
the Arctic and of just three 
houses down. 

2611
02:29:45,500 --> 02:29:49,100
He returns 30 minutes later 
reporting that everyone is fine.

2612
02:29:49,100 --> 02:29:52,200
Well stocked and mostly amused 
by the whole situation. 

2613
02:29:53,900 --> 02:29:55,900
Mrs. Barnes sent back a loaf of 
bread. 

2614
02:29:55,900 --> 02:29:59,400
She'd baked this morning before 
the snow got serious and it's 

2615
02:29:59,400 --> 02:30:02,400
still slightly warm. 
You slice the bread and serve it

2616
02:30:02,408 --> 02:30:04,100
with butter. 
Real butter from your 

2617
02:30:04,100 --> 02:30:07,300
Thanksgiving Supply and watch it
disappear in minutes. 

2618
02:30:08,400 --> 02:30:11,400
People who claim to be 
completely full somehow find 

2619
02:30:11,400 --> 02:30:14,800
room for warm bread with butter.
It's one of life's small 

2620
02:30:14,800 --> 02:30:18,000
Mysteries right up there with 
how you always find room for 

2621
02:30:18,000 --> 02:30:21,200
dessert, no matter how stuffed 
you are from dinner, the radio 

2622
02:30:21,200 --> 02:30:24,000
announces that the storm is 
expected to continue through the

2623
02:30:24,000 --> 02:30:25,900
evening, but should take her off
overnight. 

2624
02:30:27,000 --> 02:30:31,800
The official accumulation total 
is now 18 to 22 inches, which 

2625
02:30:31,800 --> 02:30:35,200
makes this the third largest 
November snowstorm in recorded 

2626
02:30:35,200 --> 02:30:39,400
State history. 
Mrs. Chen looks Vindicated by 

2627
02:30:39,400 --> 02:30:42,900
this news as if her earlier 
worrying has been justified by 

2628
02:30:42,900 --> 02:30:47,700
the storm's impressive. 
Statistics, Mr. Johnson newly 

2629
02:30:47,700 --> 02:30:50,800
awake from his nap. 
Simply Grunts and says he seemed

2630
02:30:50,800 --> 02:30:53,200
worse, though. 
He can't quite remember when 

2631
02:30:53,200 --> 02:30:56,700
you've moved Beyond thinking 
about the logistics of everyone 

2632
02:30:56,700 --> 02:30:59,100
getting home. 
That's a problem for tomorrow 

2633
02:30:59,100 --> 02:31:02,600
for a world with plowed streets 
and functioning Transportation. 

2634
02:31:02,600 --> 02:31:07,300
Right now, your existing in this
strange suspended time where 

2635
02:31:07,300 --> 02:31:10,800
normal rules don't quite apply, 
you have enough food for several

2636
02:31:10,800 --> 02:31:13,800
more meals. 
The furnace is working, you have

2637
02:31:13,808 --> 02:31:16,000
blanket and space, and a full 
pantry. 

2638
02:31:16,000 --> 02:31:20,000
If people need to stay the 
night, well you'll figure it out

2639
02:31:20,000 --> 02:31:22,500
the evening. 
Settles in with that particular 

2640
02:31:22,500 --> 02:31:25,300
coziness that only comes from 
being warm and safe while 

2641
02:31:25,300 --> 02:31:29,300
weather does its worst outside. 
You've turned on every lamp in 

2642
02:31:29,300 --> 02:31:31,700
the house creating pools of 
soft. 

2643
02:31:31,700 --> 02:31:34,600
Yellow light that make the rooms
feel like illustrations from a 

2644
02:31:34,608 --> 02:31:36,800
storybook. 
Henderson. 

2645
02:31:36,800 --> 02:31:39,500
Girl, is convinced Betty and 
Mrs. Chant to play cards with 

2646
02:31:39,500 --> 02:31:41,800
her though. 
The rules of the game seemed to 

2647
02:31:41,808 --> 02:31:46,800
be evolving continuously. 
Mr, Johnson and Mr. Patterson 

2648
02:31:46,800 --> 02:31:50,900
have discovered a shared 
interest in Woodworking and are 

2649
02:31:50,900 --> 02:31:53,000
deep in conversation, about 
dovetail joints. 

2650
02:31:53,000 --> 02:31:55,100
And the proper way to sharpen 
chisels. 

2651
02:31:55,100 --> 02:31:58,400
You find yourself moving through
your house touching familiar 

2652
02:31:58,400 --> 02:32:02,400
objects, the ceramic Bowl, on 
the hallway table, the frame 

2653
02:32:02,400 --> 02:32:05,800
photograph of your mother, the 
door frame, your husband once 

2654
02:32:05,800 --> 02:32:07,700
were hung when it started to 
stick. 

2655
02:32:08,800 --> 02:32:12,000
Your space has been transformed 
by the company from something 

2656
02:32:12,000 --> 02:32:16,000
private into something communal.
You're surprised to discover you

2657
02:32:16,000 --> 02:32:19,700
don't mind. 
In fact you more than don't mind

2658
02:32:19,700 --> 02:32:23,400
your grateful for it. 
The snow crates patterns on the 

2659
02:32:23,400 --> 02:32:27,400
Windows intricate Frost crystals
that catch the Lamplight and 

2660
02:32:27,400 --> 02:32:31,200
throw tiny rainbows. 
The Henderson girl presses, her 

2661
02:32:31,200 --> 02:32:34,800
nose against the cold, glass 
marveling, at the designs. 

2662
02:32:35,500 --> 02:32:37,500
You remembered doing the same 
thing as a child. 

2663
02:32:37,500 --> 02:32:40,700
Believing the frost formed 
pictures if you looked at them. 

2664
02:32:40,700 --> 02:32:43,100
Right? 
You almost tell her to look for 

2665
02:32:43,100 --> 02:32:45,300
the ice fairy. 
The way your father wants told 

2666
02:32:45,300 --> 02:32:48,800
you, but then you stop yourself.
She's creating her own 

2667
02:32:48,800 --> 02:32:52,200
relationship with the snow. 
Making her own scents of the 

2668
02:32:52,200 --> 02:32:54,800
strange day. 
Someone suggests singing. 

2669
02:32:54,800 --> 02:32:58,100
And before you can politely 
damir, Mr. Johnson's launched 

2670
02:32:58,100 --> 02:33:01,300
in, to over the river and 
through the woods in a surprise 

2671
02:33:01,300 --> 02:33:06,300
in strong baritone Others, join 
in voices, blending and clashing

2672
02:33:06,300 --> 02:33:09,000
in the particular Harmony of 
people who aren't musicians, but

2673
02:33:09,000 --> 02:33:12,100
don't care. 
You find yourself singing too 

2674
02:33:12,100 --> 02:33:15,500
words, you learned 70 years ago,
coming back without effort. 

2675
02:33:16,400 --> 02:33:19,600
The Henderson girl knows only 
the first verse but sings it 

2676
02:33:19,600 --> 02:33:23,900
three times, increasingly loudly
until everyone is laughing, too 

2677
02:33:23,900 --> 02:33:27,000
much to continue the moment. 
Crystallizes somehow. 

2678
02:33:27,000 --> 02:33:30,400
All of you in your living room. 
Full of turkey and Pie singing 

2679
02:33:30,400 --> 02:33:33,300
old songs while historic 
snowstorm buries the world 

2680
02:33:33,300 --> 02:33:36,600
outside. 
It's absurd and perfect at the 

2681
02:33:36,600 --> 02:33:38,900
same time. 
You think about taking a 

2682
02:33:38,900 --> 02:33:40,400
photograph but decide against 
it? 

2683
02:33:41,200 --> 02:33:44,200
Some moments exist, better in 
memory than in any physical 

2684
02:33:44,200 --> 02:33:47,700
record the evening deepens into 
something that feels almost 

2685
02:33:47,700 --> 02:33:50,200
sacred. 
Not in a religious sense. 

2686
02:33:50,200 --> 02:33:54,300
Exactly, though, this certainly 
reverence in it more, like the 

2687
02:33:54,300 --> 02:33:57,200
sense that you've stumbled into 
a moment slightly outside of 

2688
02:33:57,200 --> 02:34:01,300
normal time, a pocket of 
existence where the usual rules 

2689
02:34:01,300 --> 02:34:05,400
of being suspended, Cedar Mills 
has become a place where no one 

2690
02:34:05,400 --> 02:34:10,300
can go anywhere do anything or 
be anywhere except exactly where

2691
02:34:10,300 --> 02:34:13,000
they are. 
For a world that's been moving 

2692
02:34:13,000 --> 02:34:14,700
at wartime speed for over a 
year. 

2693
02:34:14,700 --> 02:34:18,600
The enforced Stillness feels 
almost radical you've made more 

2694
02:34:18,600 --> 02:34:20,500
coffee. 
You've lost count of how many 

2695
02:34:20,500 --> 02:34:23,500
pots today and someone found the
good Brandy. 

2696
02:34:23,500 --> 02:34:26,200
You keep it in the back of the 
cupboard for medicinal purposes.

2697
02:34:27,300 --> 02:34:30,600
small glasses are poured for 
those who want them sipped 

2698
02:34:30,600 --> 02:34:33,600
slowly, while the conversation 
drifts from topic to topic 

2699
02:34:33,600 --> 02:34:38,600
without urgency The Henderson 
girl is finally worn herself out

2700
02:34:38,600 --> 02:34:40,200
and licensed sleeping on your 
sofa. 

2701
02:34:40,200 --> 02:34:44,300
Covered with the Afghan. 
Your mother crocheted in 1950. 

2702
02:34:45,300 --> 02:34:48,000
Her parents sit nearby, looking 
relaxed. 

2703
02:34:48,000 --> 02:34:50,400
In a way. 
You rarely see, even they've 

2704
02:34:50,400 --> 02:34:54,500
stopped fighting the situation 
and accepted it, Mrs. Chen tells

2705
02:34:54,500 --> 02:34:58,000
stories about growing up in San 
Francisco, about markets and 

2706
02:34:58,000 --> 02:35:01,300
festivals and food that sounded 
like magic to your New England 

2707
02:35:01,300 --> 02:35:04,200
ears. 
She talks about her son who 

2708
02:35:04,200 --> 02:35:05,500
somewhere in Italy doing 
something. 

2709
02:35:05,500 --> 02:35:09,000
She's not allowed to know about 
and a voice catches but doesn't 

2710
02:35:09,000 --> 02:35:12,500
break. everyone in the room 
understands that particular 

2711
02:35:12,500 --> 02:35:17,400
strain, The loving and worrying 
from a distance, the not knowing

2712
02:35:17,400 --> 02:35:21,100
that somehow worse than knowing 
Mr. Patterson contributes, 

2713
02:35:21,100 --> 02:35:24,300
memories of the mill in its 
Heyday back in the 20s, when 

2714
02:35:24,300 --> 02:35:28,400
Cedar Mills actually bustled, 
when three shifts kept the Looms

2715
02:35:28,400 --> 02:35:33,000
running 24 hours a day, He 
describes the sound, the 

2716
02:35:33,000 --> 02:35:35,500
rhythmic clacking that you could
hear from blocks away. 

2717
02:35:36,300 --> 02:35:39,500
The whistle that marked shift 
changes and the whole town 

2718
02:35:39,500 --> 02:35:41,800
moving to the mills in 
industrial heartbeat. 

2719
02:35:42,800 --> 02:35:45,800
The war has brought some of that
energy back though. 

2720
02:35:45,800 --> 02:35:50,300
Now it's military contracts and 
of Civilian textiles uniforms 

2721
02:35:50,300 --> 02:35:53,700
instead of dress fabric. 
Your Own Story, surprise, you 

2722
02:35:53,700 --> 02:35:57,400
things you haven't thought about
in years surfacing in this late 

2723
02:35:57,400 --> 02:35:59,200
evening atmosphere of shared 
confidence. 

2724
02:35:59,900 --> 02:36:02,900
You tell them about learning to 
cook from your mother about the 

2725
02:36:02,900 --> 02:36:05,500
summer. 
You spent in May as a girl and 

2726
02:36:05,500 --> 02:36:07,800
about your husband's terrible 
jokes that Were Somehow 

2727
02:36:07,800 --> 02:36:09,700
endearing because of their 
terrible nurse. 

2728
02:36:10,800 --> 02:36:14,600
Talk about your nephew about the
Smart Boy Who Loved baseball and

2729
02:36:14,600 --> 02:36:17,700
building model airplanes whose 
now somewhere in the Pacific 

2730
02:36:17,700 --> 02:36:21,600
doing what ever it is Sailors. 
Do you don't cry but it's near 

2731
02:36:21,600 --> 02:36:24,100
thing. 
The radio is moved Beyond storm 

2732
02:36:24,100 --> 02:36:26,300
coverage into its regular 
evening programming. 

2733
02:36:26,300 --> 02:36:29,900
Someone finds a music station 
and quiet, Jazz fills the 

2734
02:36:29,908 --> 02:36:33,200
background. 
Saxophone and piano creating a 

2735
02:36:33,200 --> 02:36:35,800
mood that fits the snowbound 
coziness perfectly. 

2736
02:36:37,300 --> 02:36:40,900
Mr. Johnson Taps his foot on 
consciously, keeping time with 

2737
02:36:40,900 --> 02:36:43,200
music. 
He probably danced to 40 years 

2738
02:36:43,200 --> 02:36:46,200
ago. 
The room has developed its own 

2739
02:36:46,200 --> 02:36:49,700
ecosystem. 
Its own internal logic separate 

2740
02:36:49,700 --> 02:36:53,600
from the Frozen World outside 
around 8 oclock, Mr. Henderson 

2741
02:36:53,600 --> 02:36:56,900
makes a practical announcement. 
They're not going home tonight. 

2742
02:36:57,700 --> 02:37:00,200
Too far too dark and too 
dangerous with the snow. 

2743
02:37:00,200 --> 02:37:02,300
Still falling. 
And no street lights, working at

2744
02:37:02,300 --> 02:37:04,900
their end of town. 
You immediately offer them the 

2745
02:37:04,900 --> 02:37:07,700
guest bedroom and before you can
work out where everyone else 

2746
02:37:07,700 --> 02:37:10,100
will sleep. 
Mrs. Chen and Betty have 

2747
02:37:10,100 --> 02:37:14,100
declared their staying too. 
The whole thing is decided in 

2748
02:37:14,100 --> 02:37:18,200
about 90 seconds and suddenly 
you're running a boarding house 

2749
02:37:18,200 --> 02:37:20,400
for refugees from a Thanksgiving
storm. 

2750
02:37:20,400 --> 02:37:24,100
The logistics work themselves 
out with surprising ease. 

2751
02:37:24,100 --> 02:37:28,300
The Hendersons, take the guest 
room, Mrs. Chen and Betty will 

2752
02:37:28,300 --> 02:37:30,000
share your bed while you take 
the sofa. 

2753
02:37:30,900 --> 02:37:33,600
Mr, Johnson, who lives? 
Closest and insists. 

2754
02:37:33,600 --> 02:37:36,900
He can make it a grease to wait 
until morning after Mr. 

2755
02:37:36,900 --> 02:37:38,300
Patterson offers to walk with 
him. 

2756
02:37:38,300 --> 02:37:42,700
Mr. Paterson himself will take 
the armchair, which he claims as

2757
02:37:42,700 --> 02:37:44,400
more comfortable than his bed at
home. 

2758
02:37:44,400 --> 02:37:47,300
Anyway. 
A Henderson girl, never wakes 

2759
02:37:47,300 --> 02:37:50,500
during these negotiations 
sleeping through the entire 

2760
02:37:50,500 --> 02:37:53,000
rearrangement of her life with 
the profound and concern of 

2761
02:37:53,000 --> 02:37:56,700
childhood, you distribute 
blankets and pillows digging 

2762
02:37:56,700 --> 02:37:58,300
through closets to find the 
extras. 

2763
02:37:58,300 --> 02:37:59,800
You've accumulated over the 
years. 

2764
02:38:00,700 --> 02:38:02,900
The house. 
Which usually feels slightly too

2765
02:38:02,900 --> 02:38:06,500
large for one person. 
Suddenly seems perfectly sized 

2766
02:38:06,500 --> 02:38:10,400
for this unexpected crowd. 
People move through rooms 

2767
02:38:10,400 --> 02:38:14,200
claiming spaces, settling in and
making themselves, comfortable 

2768
02:38:14,200 --> 02:38:16,700
with the kind of casualness that
comes from necessity. 

2769
02:38:16,700 --> 02:38:19,700
Rather than presumption, the 
wind has picked up outside 

2770
02:38:19,700 --> 02:38:22,900
driving, the snow against the 
windows, and occasional gusts 

2771
02:38:22,900 --> 02:38:26,800
that sound almost alive. 
But inside your snug and warm 

2772
02:38:26,800 --> 02:38:31,900
your furnace working overtime. 
But managing to keep up, The 

2773
02:38:31,900 --> 02:38:36,900
house creaks and settles the way
old houses do familiar sounds 

2774
02:38:36,900 --> 02:38:40,300
that usually keep you company in
the evening but now form a 

2775
02:38:40,300 --> 02:38:43,700
background to human voices and 
movement, Betty helps you make 

2776
02:38:43,700 --> 02:38:46,900
up the bed with fresh sheets. 
Moving through the routine like 

2777
02:38:46,900 --> 02:38:48,600
you've done this together 100 
times. 

2778
02:38:49,500 --> 02:38:51,300
She's gained confidence 
throughout the day. 

2779
02:38:51,300 --> 02:38:54,200
You've noticed. 
The weepy girl, from this 

2780
02:38:54,200 --> 02:38:57,100
morning, has been replaced by 
someone steadier, someone whose 

2781
02:38:57,100 --> 02:38:58,900
discovering she stronger than 
she thought. 

2782
02:38:59,900 --> 02:39:03,000
Marriage and War and unexpected,
snowstorms will do that. 

2783
02:39:03,900 --> 02:39:07,500
Force you to find resources, you
didn't know, you had Mrs. Chen 

2784
02:39:07,500 --> 02:39:11,300
insists on washing the dishes, 
despite your protests enlisting.

2785
02:39:11,300 --> 02:39:14,700
Mr. Patterson to drive, while 
she washes, you can hear them in

2786
02:39:14,708 --> 02:39:16,600
the kitchen. 
The comfortable sounds of 

2787
02:39:16,608 --> 02:39:21,000
domestic routine, water, running
plates, clinking and occasional 

2788
02:39:21,000 --> 02:39:24,000
laughter. 
The Henderson girl wakes briefly

2789
02:39:24,000 --> 02:39:27,600
confused about where she is then
settles back to sleep when her 

2790
02:39:27,600 --> 02:39:30,100
mother explains. 
Everything is fine. 

2791
02:39:30,100 --> 02:39:33,500
Everything is taken care of. 
Just close your eyes. 

2792
02:39:33,500 --> 02:39:36,700
The house has never felt more 
full or more alive. 

2793
02:39:36,700 --> 02:39:41,100
Every room contains people every
corner has been claimed and 

2794
02:39:41,100 --> 02:39:45,400
every space has been put to use.
It's the opposite of the careful

2795
02:39:45,400 --> 02:39:48,800
controlled environment. 
You usually maintained and you 

2796
02:39:48,800 --> 02:39:54,200
love it, you absolutely love it.
The chaos and closeness and 

2797
02:39:54,200 --> 02:39:58,200
Casual intimacy of sharing your 
space with near strangers who've

2798
02:39:58,200 --> 02:40:00,400
become something. 
More than neighbors over the 

2799
02:40:00,400 --> 02:40:02,200
course of one. 
Impossible day. 

2800
02:40:02,200 --> 02:40:05,600
You make one last round before 
preparing, for bed yourself. 

2801
02:40:05,600 --> 02:40:07,700
Checking that everyone has what 
they need. 

2802
02:40:07,700 --> 02:40:11,600
Extra blankets. 
Yes, water glasses. 

2803
02:40:11,600 --> 02:40:15,400
Yes, enough pillows, mostly. 
Yes. 

2804
02:40:15,400 --> 02:40:18,300
With some improvisation 
involving throw cushions and 

2805
02:40:18,300 --> 02:40:21,900
rolled towels the house. 
Settles into nighttime mode. 

2806
02:40:21,900 --> 02:40:25,100
Lamps switching. 
Off conversations becoming 

2807
02:40:25,100 --> 02:40:29,400
Whispers And movements slowing 
to Stillness from Your position 

2808
02:40:29,400 --> 02:40:31,700
on the sofa which is actually 
quite comfortable. 

2809
02:40:31,700 --> 02:40:35,000
Once you've arranged the pillows
correctly, You can hear the 

2810
02:40:35,000 --> 02:40:37,600
various sounds of a house full 
of sleeping people. 

2811
02:40:38,500 --> 02:40:42,500
Someone snores, gently someone 
else shifts position with a 

2812
02:40:42,500 --> 02:40:45,600
creek of bedsprings, the 
Henderson girl talks in her 

2813
02:40:45,600 --> 02:40:49,100
sleep, a brief mumbled sentence 
about snow angels. 

2814
02:40:49,100 --> 02:40:52,600
The furnace kicks on with its 
familiar whoosh. 

2815
02:40:53,400 --> 02:40:57,700
Outside the storm continues, its
patient work adding inch after 

2816
02:40:57,700 --> 02:41:02,500
inch to the accumulation but it 
is quieter now winding down from

2817
02:41:02,500 --> 02:41:05,000
earlier. 
Intensity you lie there in the 

2818
02:41:05,000 --> 02:41:08,700
darkness, listening to the 
evidence of life around you and 

2819
02:41:08,700 --> 02:41:10,800
feel something. 
You have not in the two years 

2820
02:41:10,800 --> 02:41:13,600
since your husband died. 
Not Alone. 

2821
02:41:13,600 --> 02:41:16,500
The house breathes with multiple
presences. 

2822
02:41:16,500 --> 02:41:19,200
Your space has been shared and 
divided. 

2823
02:41:19,200 --> 02:41:22,800
And transformed tomorrow will 
bring the work of digging out 

2824
02:41:22,800 --> 02:41:27,200
the logistics of return and the 
slow process of Life. 

2825
02:41:27,200 --> 02:41:31,900
Resuming, its normal patterns. 
But tonight right now, you're 

2826
02:41:31,900 --> 02:41:34,800
simply one person. 
Among many all of you together 

2827
02:41:34,800 --> 02:41:38,200
in this warm space, while the 
world outside remains Frozen 

2828
02:41:38,200 --> 02:41:41,400
white and waiting sleep, comes 
easier than you expected. 

2829
02:41:41,400 --> 02:41:45,700
Pulling you down into darkness, 
while snow continues to fall and

2830
02:41:45,700 --> 02:41:49,800
the town remains paused held in 
suspension between yesterday and

2831
02:41:49,800 --> 02:41:53,900
tomorrow between normal life. 
And this strange exception to 

2832
02:41:53,900 --> 02:41:57,600
all the usual rules, Friday, 
morning arrives with shocking 

2833
02:41:57,600 --> 02:42:00,200
brightness. 
You wake to light streaming 

2834
02:42:00,200 --> 02:42:01,900
through the windows with an 
intensity. 

2835
02:42:01,900 --> 02:42:05,400
That takes a moment to 
understand son on snow, 

2836
02:42:05,400 --> 02:42:09,100
amplifying and reflecting. 
Turning your living room into 

2837
02:42:09,100 --> 02:42:11,500
something almost too bright to 
look at directly. 

2838
02:42:12,400 --> 02:42:15,200
The storm has stopped. 
The world is silent. 

2839
02:42:15,200 --> 02:42:19,500
And when you pull yourself up to
look outside, what you see, take

2840
02:42:19,500 --> 02:42:22,200
your breath away. 
Cedar Mills has been completely 

2841
02:42:22,200 --> 02:42:26,600
transformed, every surface, 
every angle, every object has 

2842
02:42:26,600 --> 02:42:29,700
been smoothed. 
And softened, by snow that must 

2843
02:42:29,700 --> 02:42:33,200
measure close to two feet. 
The cars on the street are 

2844
02:42:33,200 --> 02:42:36,500
indistinguishable white Mounds, 
the picket fences have 

2845
02:42:36,500 --> 02:42:40,200
disappeared entirely. 
Trees were thick Coatings that 

2846
02:42:40,200 --> 02:42:43,400
make them look like they've been
dipped in white paint and over 

2847
02:42:43,400 --> 02:42:45,700
everything. 
The Sun Shines with that 

2848
02:42:45,700 --> 02:42:49,100
particular crystalline 
brightness, that only happens on

2849
02:42:49,100 --> 02:42:52,700
clear days after heavy snow, 
each, flake catching and 

2850
02:42:52,708 --> 02:42:55,300
throwing light until the whole 
world Sparkles. 

2851
02:42:55,300 --> 02:42:59,500
Your house comes to life slowly 
people emerging from rooms 

2852
02:42:59,500 --> 02:43:02,800
looking rumpled and slightly 
confused, remembering where they

2853
02:43:02,800 --> 02:43:07,000
are and why? 
Mrs. Chan appears first, or 

2854
02:43:07,000 --> 02:43:09,900
already dressed and head 
straight for the kitchen to make

2855
02:43:09,900 --> 02:43:12,300
coffee with the Assurance of 
someone who's claimed that 

2856
02:43:12,300 --> 02:43:16,000
particular morning Duty. 
Smell of brewing, coffee draws 

2857
02:43:16,000 --> 02:43:19,500
others, like a summons Mr. 
Patterson from his armchair 

2858
02:43:19,500 --> 02:43:23,400
Betty from the bedroom and the 
Hendersons, one by one, as they 

2859
02:43:23,400 --> 02:43:26,800
Orient themselves to this 
strange Bright Morning, the 

2860
02:43:26,800 --> 02:43:29,500
Henderson girl, presses her face
against the window and releases,

2861
02:43:29,500 --> 02:43:34,000
a squeal of pure delight. 
Snowmountain she announces and 

2862
02:43:34,000 --> 02:43:37,600
she is not entirely wrong. 
The drifts against your front 

2863
02:43:37,600 --> 02:43:39,400
porch, reach, nearly to the 
railing. 

2864
02:43:39,400 --> 02:43:43,800
The street itself is invisible 
under an unblemished, expanse of

2865
02:43:43,800 --> 02:43:46,200
white. 
No one has driven anywhere. 

2866
02:43:46,200 --> 02:43:50,100
No one has walked anywhere. 
Cedar Mills has become a 

2867
02:43:50,100 --> 02:43:53,900
pristine winter landscape, 
untouched, and perfect, and 

2868
02:43:53,900 --> 02:43:56,900
completely impossible. 
Breakfast becomes a group 

2869
02:43:56,908 --> 02:43:58,900
effort. 
Everyone contributing something 

2870
02:43:58,900 --> 02:44:01,100
to the meal. 
You make pancakes from 

2871
02:44:01,100 --> 02:44:02,800
ingredients. 
You didn't know you had enough 

2872
02:44:02,800 --> 02:44:08,100
of flour, eggs, milk stretched 
with water and a precious 

2873
02:44:08,100 --> 02:44:12,000
spoonful of vanilla. 
Mr. Patterson discovers bacon in

2874
02:44:12,008 --> 02:44:16,200
your refrigerator left over from
last week's rationing and Cooks 

2875
02:44:16,200 --> 02:44:19,100
it with the concentration of a 
man performing surgery. 

2876
02:44:20,300 --> 02:44:23,300
Mrs. Chen makes tea in the 
particular way she prefers 

2877
02:44:23,300 --> 02:44:28,300
strong and dark and fortifying. 
The Henderson Girl sets the 

2878
02:44:28,300 --> 02:44:32,000
table with exaggerated care, 
treating each plate and Fork. 

2879
02:44:32,000 --> 02:44:35,900
Like it matters, tremendously 
meal itself is cheerful and 

2880
02:44:35,900 --> 02:44:39,700
chaotic everyone talking over 
everyone else sharing 

2881
02:44:39,700 --> 02:44:42,800
observations about the snow and 
the Sunshine and the strange 

2882
02:44:42,800 --> 02:44:46,400
situation you've all found 
yourself in Mr. Johnson 

2883
02:44:46,400 --> 02:44:49,600
mentioned that is daughter in 
Connecticut is probably worried.

2884
02:44:49,600 --> 02:44:52,000
Sick unable to reach him by 
phone. 

2885
02:44:52,900 --> 02:44:55,900
Mrs. Chen, admits a grocery 
store will be fine without her 

2886
02:44:55,900 --> 02:44:58,400
for one day. 
May be even better since she 

2887
02:44:58,408 --> 02:45:02,900
tends to micromanage, Mr. 
Henderson confesses he's never 

2888
02:45:02,900 --> 02:45:06,400
been so grateful to skip work in
his life after breakfast. 

2889
02:45:06,400 --> 02:45:09,900
Mr. Patterson and Mr. Henderson 
announced their intention to dig

2890
02:45:09,900 --> 02:45:13,900
out at least partially. 
They find your snow shovels in 

2891
02:45:13,900 --> 02:45:16,900
the garage and set to work. 
Clearing a path from your front 

2892
02:45:16,900 --> 02:45:19,500
door to the street though. 
What they'll do when they reach 

2893
02:45:19,500 --> 02:45:23,200
the street which remains 
completely snowed in is unclear.

2894
02:45:24,400 --> 02:45:28,000
But the activity itself seems 
important, a way of asserting 

2895
02:45:28,000 --> 02:45:30,800
human agency against Nature's, 
overwhelming presence. 

2896
02:45:31,600 --> 02:45:34,400
You watch them through the 
window, Two Men and borrowed, 

2897
02:45:34,400 --> 02:45:37,800
scarves attacking snow with 
determined Strokes breath, 

2898
02:45:37,800 --> 02:45:41,500
making clouds and the cold air, 
the Henderson girl begs to go 

2899
02:45:41,500 --> 02:45:44,700
outside and after bundling her 
in layers, that make her look 

2900
02:45:44,700 --> 02:45:47,000
twice. 
Her actual size, her mother 

2901
02:45:47,000 --> 02:45:51,300
releases her into your backyard.
He watched her discover the joy 

2902
02:45:51,300 --> 02:45:55,000
of deep snow the way she can 
simply fall backwards and 

2903
02:45:55,008 --> 02:45:57,400
disappear. 
The way each step requires 

2904
02:45:57,400 --> 02:46:02,100
effort and purpose the way. 
Understood snow offers itself as

2905
02:46:02,100 --> 02:46:06,100
a canvas for whatever design, 
she can imagine, She makes what 

2906
02:46:06,100 --> 02:46:09,600
might be a snow angel or might 
just be random flailing. 

2907
02:46:09,600 --> 02:46:14,000
And either way, it's perfect 
Betty finds your radio and tune 

2908
02:46:14,000 --> 02:46:18,200
it to a music station and the 
house fills with Perry Como's 

2909
02:46:18,200 --> 02:46:20,900
Voice singing, something 
cheerful and romantic. 

2910
02:46:21,900 --> 02:46:24,200
Mrs. Chen. 
Hums along while washing dishes,

2911
02:46:25,300 --> 02:46:27,700
You find yourself swaying 
slightly while tidying the 

2912
02:46:27,700 --> 02:46:30,500
living room returning. 
Cushions to their proper places 

2913
02:46:30,500 --> 02:46:32,600
and folding. 
The blankets everyone used last 

2914
02:46:32,600 --> 02:46:35,300
night. 
The normal sea of housework 

2915
02:46:35,300 --> 02:46:38,700
combined, with the strangeness 
of company, creates an oddly 

2916
02:46:38,700 --> 02:46:42,100
Pleasant, dissonance the 
telephone rings at noon 

2917
02:46:42,100 --> 02:46:44,500
startling, everyone. 
It's your sister. 

2918
02:46:44,500 --> 02:46:47,200
Frantic with worry until you 
assure her. 

2919
02:46:47,200 --> 02:46:49,300
You're fine. 
More than fine, really 

2920
02:46:49,300 --> 02:46:52,600
surrounded by neighbors who've 
become impromptu house guests, 

2921
02:46:53,400 --> 02:46:55,100
You hear the relief in her 
voice? 

2922
02:46:55,100 --> 02:46:58,100
When she understands you aren't 
alone for Thanksgiving that the 

2923
02:46:58,100 --> 02:47:00,800
empty places at your table 
somehow filled themselves. 

2924
02:47:01,700 --> 02:47:05,500
She promises to visit once the 
roads clear maybe this weekend. 

2925
02:47:05,500 --> 02:47:09,500
Definitely soon more calls 
follow people checking on 

2926
02:47:09,500 --> 02:47:12,700
people, making sure everyone 
whether the storm safely. 

2927
02:47:13,500 --> 02:47:15,100
The telephone becomes a 
lifeline. 

2928
02:47:15,900 --> 02:47:19,200
Proof that Cedar Mills, still 
exists as a connected Community,

2929
02:47:19,200 --> 02:47:21,900
even though physical movement 
from possible. 

2930
02:47:22,700 --> 02:47:25,700
You learn that the Millers 
closed for a second day that 

2931
02:47:25,700 --> 02:47:28,600
church services are canceled 
that the elementary school 

2932
02:47:28,600 --> 02:47:32,400
deathly won't open Monday, and 
that the downtown stores are all

2933
02:47:32,400 --> 02:47:35,800
snowed in and not expecting to 
open until Tuesday at the 

2934
02:47:35,800 --> 02:47:38,900
earliest. 
The town has been forced into a 

2935
02:47:38,900 --> 02:47:41,600
collective holiday and unplanned
Sabbath of sorts. 

2936
02:47:41,600 --> 02:47:45,800
Lunch is turkey sandwiches. 
Of course, it is with the last 

2937
02:47:45,800 --> 02:47:48,100
of the cranberry sauce and some 
lettuce, you discover in the 

2938
02:47:48,108 --> 02:47:50,500
crisper draw somehow still 
fresh. 

2939
02:47:51,500 --> 02:47:55,100
You serve it with the bread. 
Mrs. Barnes sent over, which has

2940
02:47:55,100 --> 02:47:57,300
become slightly stale, but 
toasts up beautifully. 

2941
02:47:58,400 --> 02:48:00,600
The Henderson girl declares it 
the best sandwiches. 

2942
02:48:00,600 --> 02:48:03,600
Ever eaten, which makes everyone
smile because children 

2943
02:48:03,600 --> 02:48:07,100
enthusiasm is contagious. 
You're inclined to agree with 

2944
02:48:07,100 --> 02:48:09,900
her actually. 
Something about eating turkey 

2945
02:48:09,900 --> 02:48:13,300
sandwiches while Snowden with a 
house full of people, makes them

2946
02:48:13,300 --> 02:48:17,500
taste different beta and more 
significant somehow the 

2947
02:48:17,500 --> 02:48:20,700
afternoon develops its own. 
Lazy Rhythm, Mr. Johnson 

2948
02:48:20,700 --> 02:48:23,600
teaches, the Henderson girl to 
play Checkers on a second. 

2949
02:48:23,600 --> 02:48:27,700
You owned Mr. Patterson, and Mr.
Henderson of given up on 

2950
02:48:27,700 --> 02:48:30,900
shoveling and in Stead built a 
respectable Snowman in your 

2951
02:48:30,900 --> 02:48:34,900
front yard complete with a 
carrot nose and stones for eyes.

2952
02:48:35,800 --> 02:48:38,300
Mrs, Chen and Betty work on a 
jigsaw puzzle. 

2953
02:48:38,300 --> 02:48:41,400
You find in the whole closet. 
1000 pieces. 

2954
02:48:41,400 --> 02:48:45,100
Depicting some idiotic Farm 
scene that will take days to 

2955
02:48:45,100 --> 02:48:48,000
complete. 
You drift between activities 

2956
02:48:48,000 --> 02:48:51,400
participating in none fully, but
connected to all of them the 

2957
02:48:51,400 --> 02:48:55,300
host who's also somehow a guest 
at this extended Gathering the 

2958
02:48:55,300 --> 02:48:58,500
light shifts, as after noon 
moves toward evening, that 

2959
02:48:58,500 --> 02:49:01,300
golden quality of late November 
sun, on snow. 

2960
02:49:02,300 --> 02:49:05,500
You're standing at the kitchen 
window, watching the Shadows, 

2961
02:49:05,500 --> 02:49:08,000
lengthen, across the white 
expanse of your backyard. 

2962
02:49:08,000 --> 02:49:11,800
When Betty appears at your 
elbow, I should call Jim's 

2963
02:49:11,800 --> 02:49:13,700
mother. 
She says quietly, let her know 

2964
02:49:13,708 --> 02:49:14,900
I'm. 
Alright, she'll worry. 

2965
02:49:16,400 --> 02:49:17,800
She doesn't move to do it 
immediately. 

2966
02:49:17,800 --> 02:49:20,600
She just stands there watching 
the snow with you. 

2967
02:49:21,300 --> 02:49:24,300
After a moment, she adds. 
Do you think this is what? 

2968
02:49:24,300 --> 02:49:27,900
It's like where Jim is the 
waiting and the being stuck in 

2969
02:49:27,900 --> 02:49:30,500
one place and they're not 
knowing when things will change,

2970
02:49:30,500 --> 02:49:32,600
you tell her honestly that you 
don't know. 

2971
02:49:33,500 --> 02:49:37,800
But maybe, yes. 
Maybe the war is full of this 

2972
02:49:37,800 --> 02:49:41,600
kind of unexpected suspension. 
These stretches of time where 

2973
02:49:41,600 --> 02:49:46,000
nothing happens except the slow 
accumulation of days punctuated 

2974
02:49:46,000 --> 02:49:50,200
by moments of significance. 
Maybe Jim is all so learning to 

2975
02:49:50,200 --> 02:49:55,500
find comfort in small things, 
warm food friendly faces and the

2976
02:49:55,500 --> 02:49:58,900
simple fact of being safe right 
now, even if the future remains 

2977
02:49:58,900 --> 02:50:03,100
uncertain, she nods accepts this
and makes her phone call. 

2978
02:50:03,900 --> 02:50:07,100
Hear her voice from the hallway.
Reassuring, her mother-in-law 

2979
02:50:07,100 --> 02:50:10,900
promising to come visit as soon 
as the roads, clear, when she 

2980
02:50:10,900 --> 02:50:13,700
returns. 
She looks steadier somehow, more

2981
02:50:13,700 --> 02:50:16,600
grounded in her own reality. 
Dinner is turkey. 

2982
02:50:16,600 --> 02:50:19,200
Again, you're working your way 
through the leftover 

2983
02:50:19,200 --> 02:50:21,500
systematically. 
This time is soup. 

2984
02:50:21,500 --> 02:50:25,900
You've made it with stock boiled
from the carcass with vegetables

2985
02:50:25,900 --> 02:50:28,500
and noodles and generous amounts
of salt and pepper. 

2986
02:50:28,500 --> 02:50:31,400
It's the kind of soup that 
tastes like Comfort. 

2987
02:50:31,400 --> 02:50:35,200
Distilled into liquid form. 
You serve it with more of Mrs. 

2988
02:50:35,200 --> 02:50:38,400
Barnes as bread and everyone 
eats in a priest of Silence, 

2989
02:50:38,400 --> 02:50:41,900
occasionally punctuated by 
compliments, about your cooking 

2990
02:50:41,900 --> 02:50:43,600
that make you flush with 
pleasure. 

2991
02:50:43,600 --> 02:50:46,300
The evening. 
Settles in much like yesterday's

2992
02:50:46,300 --> 02:50:48,000
though, somehow more 
comfortable. 

2993
02:50:48,000 --> 02:50:49,500
Now that everyone knows the 
routine. 

2994
02:50:51,200 --> 02:50:54,500
The Henderson girl is less wound
up, having warned herself out 

2995
02:50:54,500 --> 02:50:58,100
with snow play the adults settle
in to familiar spots. 

2996
02:50:58,100 --> 02:51:00,600
Claiming space is they occupied 
last night? 

2997
02:51:01,700 --> 02:51:05,100
Conversation drifts in gentle, 
Direction's touching on 

2998
02:51:05,100 --> 02:51:08,400
childhood memories and future 
plans and the small details of 

2999
02:51:08,400 --> 02:51:10,600
daily life. 
That become interesting. 

3000
02:51:10,600 --> 02:51:12,300
When you can't actually live the
right now. 

3001
02:51:12,300 --> 02:51:16,800
Mr. Johnson tells a story about 
Thanksgiving in 1923 when he and

3002
02:51:16,800 --> 02:51:19,300
his wife were Newly Weds and she
tried to cook a turkey in 

3003
02:51:19,300 --> 02:51:20,800
another that wouldn't hold a 
proper temperature. 

3004
02:51:20,800 --> 02:51:24,600
They'd eaten it. 
Half raw half burnt and laughed 

3005
02:51:24,600 --> 02:51:28,700
so hard they cried. worst meal 
we ever made together, he says 

3006
02:51:28,700 --> 02:51:33,500
and one of the best days we ever
had His eyes are wet, but he is 

3007
02:51:33,500 --> 02:51:35,300
smiling. 
And you understand completely. 

3008
02:51:36,200 --> 02:51:39,700
How disaster can become Joy with
the right person and how the 

3009
02:51:39,700 --> 02:51:42,600
stories we tell ourselves about 
our lives matter as much as the 

3010
02:51:42,600 --> 02:51:46,000
actual events. 
The radio brings news that plows

3011
02:51:46,000 --> 02:51:49,500
will start working tomorrow 
concentrating on main roads 

3012
02:51:49,500 --> 02:51:52,000
first before moving to 
residential streets. 

3013
02:51:52,700 --> 02:51:55,400
It might be Sunday before your 
street sees a plow. 

3014
02:51:55,400 --> 02:51:59,300
A Monday before things return to
what passes for normal. 

3015
02:52:00,200 --> 02:52:02,900
No one seems particularly 
bothered by this timeline. 

3016
02:52:02,900 --> 02:52:07,200
If anything, you sense relief 
permission to remain in the 

3017
02:52:07,200 --> 02:52:10,400
suspended State a little longer 
this pocket outside. 

3018
02:52:10,400 --> 02:52:14,900
Regular time he prepare for bed 
early than usual warn out by the

3019
02:52:14,900 --> 02:52:18,300
emotional intensity of the past 
two days more than any physical 

3020
02:52:18,300 --> 02:52:20,900
labor. 
The sleeping Arrangements have 

3021
02:52:20,900 --> 02:52:23,300
become routine. 
Now, everyone knows where 

3022
02:52:23,300 --> 02:52:26,200
they're going, what they need 
and how to move through your 

3023
02:52:26,200 --> 02:52:28,600
house in the darkness without 
bumping into furniture. 

3024
02:52:29,800 --> 02:52:32,700
The Henderson girl is already 
asleep, carried to bed by her 

3025
02:52:32,700 --> 02:52:35,800
father without ever fully waking
from your sofa. 

3026
02:52:35,800 --> 02:52:38,800
You listen, once again to the 
sound of your occupied house, 

3027
02:52:39,800 --> 02:52:42,200
But tonight there's something 
different in the quality of the 

3028
02:52:42,200 --> 02:52:45,300
silence. 
Not the tentative quiet of 

3029
02:52:45,300 --> 02:52:49,100
strangers, unsure of their 
welcome, but the relaxed Silence

3030
02:52:49,100 --> 02:52:51,200
of people who've become 
comfortable together. 

3031
02:52:52,100 --> 02:52:56,000
You've shared food and space and
stories, you've weathered 

3032
02:52:56,000 --> 02:52:58,700
something together. 
Even if that's something is just

3033
02:52:58,700 --> 02:53:02,900
an unexpected snowstorm, you've 
created a small community in the

3034
02:53:02,908 --> 02:53:06,700
face of circumstances that could
have left everyone isolated in 

3035
02:53:06,700 --> 02:53:09,500
their separate homes. 
Sleep finds you thinking about 

3036
02:53:09,500 --> 02:53:13,600
connection about how the storm 
forced to kind of togetherness 

3037
02:53:13,600 --> 02:53:18,000
that normal life rarely allows 
How you've learned The rhythms 

3038
02:53:18,000 --> 02:53:22,400
of Mrs, Chen's humming and Mr. 
Johnson's snoring and Betty's 

3039
02:53:22,400 --> 02:53:26,400
habit of sighing in her sleep. 
How your private space has 

3040
02:53:26,400 --> 02:53:29,800
become communal, territory, and 
you've discovered you don't mind

3041
02:53:29,800 --> 02:53:31,500
nearly as much as you would have
thought. 

3042
02:53:32,500 --> 02:53:36,100
How sometimes the best moments 
of the ones you never could have

3043
02:53:36,100 --> 02:53:38,900
planned. 
Saturday arrives with a sense of

3044
02:53:38,900 --> 02:53:41,500
change. 
In the are not a literal Thor. 

3045
02:53:41,500 --> 02:53:44,300
The temperature remains 
stubbornly below freezing, but 

3046
02:53:44,300 --> 02:53:47,800
something atmospheric a shift in
the quality of the morning that 

3047
02:53:47,800 --> 02:53:50,500
suggests the world is preparing 
to unfreeze itself. 

3048
02:53:50,500 --> 02:53:54,300
When you look out the window at 
dawn, the snow remains as deep 

3049
02:53:54,300 --> 02:53:56,900
as ever. 
But you notice the first signs 

3050
02:53:56,900 --> 02:54:00,400
of human activity distant 
figures on the main road. 

3051
02:54:00,400 --> 02:54:04,600
The sound of a plow somewhere 
blocks away and smoke rising 

3052
02:54:04,600 --> 02:54:08,000
from chimneys up and down the 
street, your household Rises 

3053
02:54:08,000 --> 02:54:12,000
early than yesterday, everyone 
sensing that this day will Mark 

3054
02:54:12,000 --> 02:54:13,600
the transition back to normal 
life. 

3055
02:54:15,000 --> 02:54:16,900
There's a subtle change in 
Behavior, too. 

3056
02:54:16,900 --> 02:54:20,100
People, folding their borrowed, 
blankets, more carefully, 

3057
02:54:20,100 --> 02:54:24,000
tidying up after themselves with
more attention and the small 

3058
02:54:24,008 --> 02:54:28,300
gestures of guests preparing to 
depart The Henderson girl is 

3059
02:54:28,300 --> 02:54:32,100
quieter than she's been perhaps 
sensing her parents shift toward

3060
02:54:32,100 --> 02:54:34,800
leaving. 
Perhaps just tired from two days

3061
02:54:34,800 --> 02:54:37,400
of excitement. 
Breakfast is the last of the 

3062
02:54:37,400 --> 02:54:39,700
turkey fried up with eggs and 
potatoes. 

3063
02:54:39,700 --> 02:54:42,200
In a hash that makes brilliant 
use of your remaining 

3064
02:54:42,200 --> 02:54:45,800
Thanksgiving leftovers. 
It's delicious in that way that 

3065
02:54:45,800 --> 02:54:48,700
last meals together. 
Often are everyone aware that? 

3066
02:54:48,700 --> 02:54:51,200
This is the closing act of your 
shed time. 

3067
02:54:51,200 --> 02:54:54,300
Mr. Patterson complements your 
coffee, with particular, 

3068
02:54:54,300 --> 02:54:58,600
enthusiasm Mrs. Chen insists on 
writing down her soup, recipe 

3069
02:54:58,600 --> 02:55:03,500
for you, even though you've been
making soup for 40 years, the 

3070
02:55:03,500 --> 02:55:05,600
small exchanges carry more 
weight than they, otherwise 

3071
02:55:05,600 --> 02:55:09,400
might the sound of the plows 
closer throughout the morning. 

3072
02:55:10,400 --> 02:55:12,800
You're all in the living room. 
When it finally reaches Maple 

3073
02:55:12,800 --> 02:55:16,600
Street, a massive orange, truck 
pushing a wall of snow before 

3074
02:55:16,600 --> 02:55:19,500
it, the scrap of its blade 
against pavement. 

3075
02:55:19,500 --> 02:55:22,300
The first mechanical sound, 
you've heard in two days that 

3076
02:55:22,300 --> 02:55:26,100
isn't from inside your house. 
The Henderson girl rushes to the

3077
02:55:26,100 --> 02:55:29,500
window to watch. 
Slated by The Machine's Brute 

3078
02:55:29,500 --> 02:55:33,400
Force approached to the problem 
of snow within an hour of the 

3079
02:55:33,400 --> 02:55:35,700
plows, passage the street begins
to come alive. 

3080
02:55:36,600 --> 02:55:39,800
People emerge from houses 
tentatively at first testing the

3081
02:55:39,808 --> 02:55:43,000
plowed surface. 
Cause a Dugout from their white 

3082
02:55:43,000 --> 02:55:46,900
tombs, the kowalskis appear on 
their front porch waving across 

3083
02:55:46,900 --> 02:55:50,300
the street. 
Mr. Williams from three houses 

3084
02:55:50,300 --> 02:55:53,700
down walks past with his dog, 
both of them looking slightly 

3085
02:55:53,700 --> 02:55:57,900
dazed by the return to Mobility,
Cedar Mills is remembering how 

3086
02:55:57,900 --> 02:56:00,800
to be a town again. 
Mr. Henderson makes the first 

3087
02:56:00,800 --> 02:56:04,100
move to leave standing up with 
visible reluctance and 

3088
02:56:04,100 --> 02:56:05,900
announcing. 
They should probably head home. 

3089
02:56:05,900 --> 02:56:09,000
Let you have your house back and
get their daughter into her own 

3090
02:56:09,008 --> 02:56:12,300
bed. 
The words are practical but his 

3091
02:56:12,300 --> 02:56:16,100
tone suggests he just as soon. 
Stay his wife nods agreement 

3092
02:56:16,100 --> 02:56:19,400
while looking around your living
rooms, if memorizing it The 

3093
02:56:19,400 --> 02:56:21,600
Henderson girl showing 
remarkable emotional 

3094
02:56:21,600 --> 02:56:23,900
intelligence for seven year old 
Solomon. 

3095
02:56:23,900 --> 02:56:27,000
Shakes your hand and thanks you 
for letting them visit their 

3096
02:56:27,000 --> 02:56:31,100
departure triggers, a Cascade 
Mrs. Chen needs to check on us 

3097
02:56:31,100 --> 02:56:33,600
store. 
She should really see about her 

3098
02:56:33,600 --> 02:56:36,800
own house and make sure the 
pipes didn't freeze Mr. 

3099
02:56:36,800 --> 02:56:38,300
Johnson's daughter is left 
three. 

3100
02:56:38,300 --> 02:56:42,500
Increasingly worried messages 
only Mr. Patterson's in, no, 

3101
02:56:42,500 --> 02:56:46,100
hurry settling deeper into the 
armchair as if planning to stay 

3102
02:56:46,100 --> 02:56:48,600
permanently. 
Though, eventually even he 

3103
02:56:48,600 --> 02:56:50,700
acknowledges the need to return 
to his own life. 

3104
02:56:50,700 --> 02:56:53,700
The good buys a more prolonged 
than anyone intended. 

3105
02:56:53,700 --> 02:56:57,400
Hugs are exchanged and promises 
are made to visit soon and to do

3106
02:56:57,400 --> 02:57:00,700
this again sometime. 
Hello, everyone understands that

3107
02:57:00,700 --> 02:57:04,900
this was unrepeatable a product 
of specific circumstances that 

3108
02:57:04,900 --> 02:57:09,600
can't be recreated by intention.
Mrs. Chen, presses something 

3109
02:57:09,600 --> 02:57:13,400
into your hand as she leaves a 
small Jade charm, she claims 

3110
02:57:13,400 --> 02:57:16,600
brings good luck. 
Betty, hugs, you tight enough to

3111
02:57:16,600 --> 02:57:19,800
suggest she's holding on to more
than just a neighbor, who helped

3112
02:57:19,800 --> 02:57:23,500
her through a hard day by early 
afternoon, your house is empty 

3113
02:57:23,500 --> 02:57:28,100
again The sudden silence feels 
profound after two days of 

3114
02:57:28,100 --> 02:57:31,700
constant, human noise. 
You walk through rooms that 

3115
02:57:31,700 --> 02:57:35,500
still show signs of occupation. 
I've forgotten scarf and 

3116
02:57:35,500 --> 02:57:38,800
indentation in a cushion. 
A water glass on one left on the

3117
02:57:38,800 --> 02:57:41,100
coffee table. 
The guest bed needs stripping, 

3118
02:57:41,100 --> 02:57:44,600
the bathroom needs cleaning 
dishes, remain in the sink, the 

3119
02:57:44,600 --> 02:57:47,000
physical evidence of community 
requires attention. 

3120
02:57:47,000 --> 02:57:51,500
But before you start the work of
restoration, you pour yourself a

3121
02:57:51,500 --> 02:57:53,200
cup of coffee and sit in your 
living room. 

3122
02:57:53,200 --> 02:57:57,600
Just looking at the space, the 
Snowman in your front yard is 

3123
02:57:57,600 --> 02:57:59,900
already listing slightly in the 
afternoon sun. 

3124
02:58:00,900 --> 02:58:03,600
The puzzle on your dining table 
is perhaps a quarter finish. 

3125
02:58:03,600 --> 02:58:07,000
Mrs. Chen and Betty made good 
progress on the border. 

3126
02:58:07,000 --> 02:58:10,200
The house smells like coffee and
people and the lingering ghost 

3127
02:58:10,200 --> 02:58:13,300
of roasted turkey. 
It smells like life. 

3128
02:58:13,300 --> 02:58:15,400
You think about the past three 
days? 

3129
02:58:16,800 --> 02:58:18,700
Clearly they diverged from your 
plans. 

3130
02:58:18,700 --> 02:58:21,200
Be carefully. 
Organized Thanksgiving dinner, 

3131
02:58:21,200 --> 02:58:24,500
that became an impromptu Feast 
for Neighbors, The Quiet 

3132
02:58:24,500 --> 02:58:27,800
holiday, you'd anticipated that 
transformed into two days of 

3133
02:58:27,800 --> 02:58:32,200
unexpected companionship. 
The empty house that filled 

3134
02:58:32,200 --> 02:58:34,300
itself with people and noise and
warmth. 

3135
02:58:34,800 --> 02:58:37,900
None of it was what you wanted, 
but all of it was what you 

3136
02:58:37,908 --> 02:58:40,600
needed. 
The afternoon passes in domestic

3137
02:58:40,600 --> 02:58:43,600
activity. 
You strip beds and wash sheets, 

3138
02:58:43,600 --> 02:58:45,400
clean bathrooms and vacuum 
floors. 

3139
02:58:45,400 --> 02:58:49,100
You return your house to its 
usual order erasing, the 

3140
02:58:49,100 --> 02:58:51,400
physical traces of your extended
Gathering. 

3141
02:58:52,600 --> 02:58:55,800
Can't erase the memory of it. 
The sound of multiple 

3142
02:58:55,800 --> 02:58:57,700
conversations layering over each
other. 

3143
02:58:58,500 --> 02:59:02,500
Henderson girls laughed after 
Mr. Johnson stories, and 

3144
02:59:02,500 --> 02:59:06,400
Betty's, gradual, emergence from
grief into something more 

3145
02:59:06,400 --> 02:59:09,200
stable. 
These things have soaked into 

3146
02:59:09,200 --> 02:59:12,100
the walls somehow. 
Becoming part of The house's 

3147
02:59:12,100 --> 02:59:14,900
history, the sister calls in the
later afternoon. 

3148
02:59:14,900 --> 02:59:19,500
You tell her everything, how the
storm stranded, you how 

3149
02:59:19,500 --> 02:59:22,300
neighbors became house guests 
and how your lonely, 

3150
02:59:22,300 --> 02:59:24,300
Thanksgiving something entirely 
different. 

3151
02:59:25,900 --> 02:59:27,900
She listens with increasing 
amazement. 

3152
02:59:28,800 --> 02:59:32,800
Occasionally interrupting with 
questions or exclamations when 

3153
02:59:32,800 --> 02:59:34,700
you finish. 
She's quiet for a moment before 

3154
02:59:34,700 --> 02:59:37,700
saying that's the best 
Thanksgiving story. 

3155
02:59:37,700 --> 02:59:40,900
I've heard in years, maybe ever 
you realize. 

3156
02:59:40,900 --> 02:59:43,200
She's right. 
It is a good story. 

3157
02:59:43,200 --> 02:59:45,500
More than that. 
It was a good experience, 

3158
02:59:45,500 --> 02:59:49,200
difficult and inconvenient and 
completely unplanned. 

3159
02:59:49,200 --> 02:59:53,600
But good in ways that the smooth
execution of your original plan,

3160
02:59:53,600 --> 02:59:57,100
never could have been you 
learned something about yourself

3161
02:59:57,100 --> 03:00:01,400
these past few days about your 
capacity for flexibility and 

3162
03:00:01,400 --> 03:00:04,100
about how much you've been 
isolating yourself under the 

3163
03:00:04,100 --> 03:00:07,200
guise of Independence. 
You learned that your house 

3164
03:00:07,200 --> 03:00:10,600
could hold more life than you'd 
been allowing it to contain the 

3165
03:00:10,600 --> 03:00:14,200
evening finds you alone again. 
Truly alone for the first time 

3166
03:00:14,200 --> 03:00:17,700
since Wednesday evening. 
You make yourself a small dinner

3167
03:00:17,700 --> 03:00:21,500
suit because they're still 
plenty and a slice of bread. 

3168
03:00:22,300 --> 03:00:25,300
You eat at the kitchen table and
instead of the dining room and 

3169
03:00:25,300 --> 03:00:29,400
the quiet feels different than 
it has in months, not a pressive

3170
03:00:29,400 --> 03:00:31,000
or sad. 
Just peaceful. 

3171
03:00:31,000 --> 03:00:35,200
The Solitude is a choice. 
Now rather than a default State 

3172
03:00:35,200 --> 03:00:38,700
you call your nephew's. 
Mother your sister in law and 

3173
03:00:38,700 --> 03:00:41,800
tell her about the storm about 
the Gathering and about how you 

3174
03:00:41,800 --> 03:00:43,100
thought of him throughout the 
holiday. 

3175
03:00:44,000 --> 03:00:46,500
She shares his latest letter 
which arrived Friday. 

3176
03:00:47,500 --> 03:00:49,900
Scribing some jungle island, 
where the temperatures are 

3177
03:00:49,900 --> 03:00:53,000
sweltering and the food is 
terrible, but he's safe and 

3178
03:00:53,000 --> 03:00:55,900
thinking of home. 
You both take comfort in the 

3179
03:00:55,900 --> 03:00:59,200
word safe. 
Even while understanding how 

3180
03:00:59,200 --> 03:01:02,800
fragile and temporary such 
safety might be the four bed. 

3181
03:01:02,800 --> 03:01:05,400
You stand at your front window 
looking out at Maple Street 

3182
03:01:05,400 --> 03:01:09,000
under its covering of snow. 
The flowers come through twice 

3183
03:01:09,000 --> 03:01:12,800
more pushing the accumulation 
into small amounts at the 

3184
03:01:12,800 --> 03:01:17,200
corners. tire tracks Mark the 
street surface Evidence of 

3185
03:01:17,200 --> 03:01:21,300
normal life resuming But the 
yards remain untouched white 

3186
03:01:21,300 --> 03:01:24,600
expanses and the trees still 
wear their winter decoration. 

3187
03:01:25,500 --> 03:01:27,500
The storms effects will linger 
for days. 

3188
03:01:27,500 --> 03:01:32,200
Maybe weeks in the shaded areas,
where the sun can't reach you 

3189
03:01:32,200 --> 03:01:35,100
think about Monday when your 
routine will fully reassert 

3190
03:01:35,100 --> 03:01:37,300
itself. 
The grocery shopping the 

3191
03:01:37,300 --> 03:01:40,100
library, visit, and the ordinary
tasks that fill your days. 

3192
03:01:41,200 --> 03:01:43,500
Part of you looks forward to 
that return to normal. 

3193
03:01:44,200 --> 03:01:47,900
But part of you a larger than 
you would have guessed more the 

3194
03:01:47,900 --> 03:01:50,700
end of this strange suspended 
time when your house was full 

3195
03:01:50,700 --> 03:01:53,900
and your life was briefly less 
singular from somewhere down the

3196
03:01:53,900 --> 03:01:55,900
street. 
You hear laughter children 

3197
03:01:55,900 --> 03:01:59,000
playing in the snow, probably 
taking advantage of their 

3198
03:01:59,000 --> 03:02:03,400
unexpected vacation from school.
The sound carries clearly in the

3199
03:02:03,408 --> 03:02:06,200
cold air, a reminder that life 
continues. 

3200
03:02:06,200 --> 03:02:09,300
The other people are living 
their own version of returning 

3201
03:02:09,300 --> 03:02:12,200
to normal. 
Tomorrow, the mill will reopen 

3202
03:02:12,200 --> 03:02:15,100
on Monday, the stores will be 
back in business. 

3203
03:02:16,100 --> 03:02:19,200
Newsday will feel almost like 
any other Tuesday, the storm 

3204
03:02:19,200 --> 03:02:23,200
already becoming a memory, the 
details beginning to blur, but 

3205
03:02:23,200 --> 03:02:24,500
you'll remember. 
This Thanksgiving. 

3206
03:02:24,500 --> 03:02:28,100
You'll remember the Panic of 
waking to unexpected snow. 

3207
03:02:28,100 --> 03:02:31,600
The adjustment of plans and the 
gradual Gathering of neighbors 

3208
03:02:31,600 --> 03:02:35,000
into something like family. 
You'll remember Mrs, Chen's 

3209
03:02:35,000 --> 03:02:39,500
worrying, and Betty's resilience
and the Henderson girls, pure 

3210
03:02:39,500 --> 03:02:43,000
delight in the snow. 
You'll remember Mr. Johnson's 

3211
03:02:43,000 --> 03:02:46,800
stories, and Mr. Patterson's 
helpfulness and the way your 

3212
03:02:46,800 --> 03:02:49,600
house felt when it was full of 
life, most of all, you'll 

3213
03:02:49,600 --> 03:02:52,300
remember that you're not as 
alone as you sometimes feel. 

3214
03:02:52,300 --> 03:02:55,500
That Cedar Mills is more than 
just the place you live. 

3215
03:02:56,300 --> 03:02:58,900
It's a community of people who 
show up for each other when 

3216
03:02:58,900 --> 03:03:02,600
circumstances require it. 
That your neighbor's know where 

3217
03:03:02,600 --> 03:03:05,500
you keep your good Brandy and 
how you take your coffee and 

3218
03:03:05,500 --> 03:03:08,700
what makes you laugh. 
That connection does not require

3219
03:03:08,700 --> 03:03:13,000
perfect planning or ideal 
circumstances, sometimes it just

3220
03:03:13,000 --> 03:03:16,400
requires a historic snowstorm 
and the willingness to open your

3221
03:03:16,400 --> 03:03:19,100
door. 
Winter settles in to Cedar Mills

3222
03:03:19,100 --> 03:03:23,300
with the kind of authority that 
late November snow brings The 

3223
03:03:23,300 --> 03:03:25,900
Thanksgiving storm becomes The 
Benchmark against which all 

3224
03:03:25,900 --> 03:03:28,500
other storms are measured, not 
as bad. 

3225
03:03:28,500 --> 03:03:32,200
As that Thanksgiving storm, 
people say, or almost as much 

3226
03:03:32,200 --> 03:03:34,500
snow as we got that Thanksgiving
in 42. 

3227
03:03:35,700 --> 03:03:40,000
The specific details fade for 
most people becoming generalized

3228
03:03:40,000 --> 03:03:43,500
into a story. 
The year, the town froze, the 

3229
03:03:43,500 --> 03:03:47,200
holiday when nobody could go 
anywhere and that crazy storm 

3230
03:03:47,200 --> 03:03:49,300
right after Pearl Harbor's first
anniversary. 

3231
03:03:49,300 --> 03:03:53,000
But you remember the specifics 
you remember them through 

3232
03:03:53,000 --> 03:03:55,900
December when Betty stops by 
once a week for coffee and 

3233
03:03:55,900 --> 03:03:58,600
conversation. 
When the Henderson girl draws 

3234
03:03:58,600 --> 03:04:01,600
you pictures of snowmen that you
stick to your refrigerator with 

3235
03:04:01,600 --> 03:04:04,200
magnetix. 
You remember them at Christmas 

3236
03:04:04,200 --> 03:04:07,900
when Mrs Chen and brings you 
homemade dumplings a Mr. Johnson

3237
03:04:07,900 --> 03:04:09,700
invite you to his daughter's 
house for dinner. 

3238
03:04:10,500 --> 03:04:13,100
Because you shouldn't be alone 
on Christmas after being such a 

3239
03:04:13,100 --> 03:04:15,900
saint on Thanksgiving. 
You remember the texture of 

3240
03:04:15,908 --> 03:04:18,800
those three days? 
Not just the events, but the 

3241
03:04:18,800 --> 03:04:22,400
feeling of them, the particular 
quality of time, when the normal

3242
03:04:22,400 --> 03:04:25,600
rules were suspended the way 
your house sounded when it was 

3243
03:04:25,600 --> 03:04:28,800
full of voices. 
The comfort of waking to know, 

3244
03:04:28,800 --> 03:04:31,500
you want to loan. 
That other people were breathing

3245
03:04:31,500 --> 03:04:35,200
in adjacent rooms. 
Strange intimacy of sharing 

3246
03:04:35,200 --> 03:04:38,200
space with near strangers. 
Who became something more 

3247
03:04:38,200 --> 03:04:41,100
through simple, proximity and 
shared circumstance. 

3248
03:04:41,100 --> 03:04:43,900
January brings your nephew home 
on unexpected. 

3249
03:04:43,900 --> 03:04:46,500
Leave new. 
Tell him the whole story over 

3250
03:04:46,500 --> 03:04:49,600
turkey sandwiches. 
You've never completely stopped 

3251
03:04:49,600 --> 03:04:53,100
making turkey sandwiches since 
that Thanksgiving always keeping

3252
03:04:53,100 --> 03:04:55,900
some in the freezer. 
He listens with the kind of 

3253
03:04:55,908 --> 03:04:58,400
attention that suggests. 
He understands something about 

3254
03:04:58,400 --> 03:05:00,400
the experience. 
You can't quite articulate. 

3255
03:05:02,400 --> 03:05:04,400
Sounds like my unit. 
He says, finally. 

3256
03:05:05,300 --> 03:05:07,700
A bunch of guys who didn't know 
each other thrown together by 

3257
03:05:07,700 --> 03:05:10,700
circumstances. 
Figure out how to be a family of

3258
03:05:10,708 --> 03:05:13,100
sorts. 
It's not the same as home, but 

3259
03:05:13,100 --> 03:05:16,200
it's something, you think about 
that comparison for days, 

3260
03:05:16,200 --> 03:05:20,400
afterward how crisis creates 
Community Helping stuck 

3261
03:05:20,400 --> 03:05:22,500
together? 
Literally in your case 

3262
03:05:22,500 --> 03:05:26,400
figuratively, in his forces, a 
kind of connection that 

3263
03:05:26,400 --> 03:05:30,800
comfortable circumstances never 
require How the storm gave you 

3264
03:05:30,800 --> 03:05:32,100
something? 
You didn't know you needed? 

3265
03:05:33,100 --> 03:05:36,700
Proof that you could open your 
life to others that you're 

3266
03:05:36,700 --> 03:05:38,200
carefully. 
Maintained Independence. 

3267
03:05:38,200 --> 03:05:40,700
Wasn't the only way to live by 
February. 

3268
03:05:40,700 --> 03:05:44,200
The snow from Thanksgiving has 
long since melted though. 

3269
03:05:44,200 --> 03:05:48,100
Other storms of added their own 
accumulation life has returned 

3270
03:05:48,100 --> 03:05:52,200
to its normal patterns work and 
errands and the small routines 

3271
03:05:52,200 --> 03:05:55,900
that structured days. 
Something fundamental has 

3272
03:05:55,900 --> 03:05:58,400
shifted. 
You accept more invitations. 

3273
03:05:58,400 --> 03:06:00,700
Now, you invite more people 
over. 

3274
03:06:01,800 --> 03:06:03,800
Your house which you kept so 
carefully. 

3275
03:06:03,800 --> 03:06:08,100
Private for two years opens its 
doors more readily, not 

3276
03:06:08,100 --> 03:06:11,100
constantly, you still value your
solitude. 

3277
03:06:11,100 --> 03:06:14,100
But enough to remember that 
you're part of something larger 

3278
03:06:14,100 --> 03:06:17,600
than yourself, Betty gets a job 
at the Mill, taking the place of

3279
03:06:17,600 --> 03:06:21,300
a man who was drafted. 
He stops by to tell you about it

3280
03:06:21,300 --> 03:06:24,800
on her way home from her. 
First shift, her face glowing 

3281
03:06:24,800 --> 03:06:28,400
with tired Pride. 
I'm actually good at it. 

3282
03:06:28,400 --> 03:06:31,700
She says, surprise to herself 
better than I thought I'd be. 

3283
03:06:32,500 --> 03:06:35,400
And not surprised. 
He saw her find her strength 

3284
03:06:35,400 --> 03:06:37,700
during those snowed in days. 
And watched to discover 

3285
03:06:37,700 --> 03:06:41,300
resources, she didn't know she 
had The war is teaching 

3286
03:06:41,300 --> 03:06:44,800
everyone, unexpected lessons 
about their own capabilities, 

3287
03:06:44,800 --> 03:06:47,400
spring arrives. 
Eventually the way it always 

3288
03:06:47,400 --> 03:06:50,100
does turning the world green and
soft. 

3289
03:06:51,000 --> 03:06:53,100
The last traces of the 
Thanksgiving storm. 

3290
03:06:53,100 --> 03:06:56,800
Finally disappear. 
The assistant ice and shaded 

3291
03:06:56,800 --> 03:07:00,100
Corners. 
The dirty snow piled in parking,

3292
03:07:00,100 --> 03:07:02,300
lots. 
Your working in your garden. 

3293
03:07:02,300 --> 03:07:05,600
One afternoon in April, when the
Henderson girl appears bigger 

3294
03:07:05,600 --> 03:07:07,700
somehow though, it's only been 
four months. 

3295
03:07:08,600 --> 03:07:11,200
She's brought you dandelions 
picked from her own yard 

3296
03:07:11,200 --> 03:07:14,500
presented with the solemnity of 
someone offering roses. 

3297
03:07:14,500 --> 03:07:16,900
You invite her in for lemonade 
and cookies. 

3298
03:07:16,900 --> 03:07:20,000
And she sits at your kitchen 
table, chattering about school, 

3299
03:07:20,000 --> 03:07:22,800
and friends, and the tadpoles in
the pond at the end of town, 

3300
03:07:23,900 --> 03:07:27,400
Before she leaves, she asks with
the Casual curiosity of 

3301
03:07:27,400 --> 03:07:29,900
children. 
If you remember that time when 

3302
03:07:29,900 --> 03:07:33,400
it snowed so much they stayed at
your house you tell her. 

3303
03:07:33,400 --> 03:07:36,800
Yes you remember. 
You'll always remember the 

3304
03:07:36,800 --> 03:07:41,100
Thanksgiving of 1943 approaches 
and you make plans early your 

3305
03:07:41,100 --> 03:07:43,000
hosting again. 
But this time with full 

3306
03:07:43,000 --> 03:07:46,000
knowledge and intention your 
sister and brother, and their 

3307
03:07:46,000 --> 03:07:49,000
families will come as they were 
supposed to last year. 

3308
03:07:49,000 --> 03:07:52,200
But you've also invited Mrs. 
Chan and Betty. 

3309
03:07:52,200 --> 03:07:55,800
And the Hendersons and Mr. 
Johnson, maybe Mr. Patterson, if

3310
03:07:55,800 --> 03:07:59,400
he is free your dining table 
will actually need all seven 

3311
03:07:59,400 --> 03:08:02,500
settings this time possibly more
the night before Thanksgiving, 

3312
03:08:02,500 --> 03:08:06,200
you walk through your house 
preparing, setting the table, 

3313
03:08:06,200 --> 03:08:08,400
checking your supplies and 
making lists. 

3314
03:08:09,300 --> 03:08:12,500
The rituals of the same as they 
were a year ago, but you're 

3315
03:08:12,500 --> 03:08:14,700
different. 
You move through the tasks with 

3316
03:08:14,700 --> 03:08:18,200
less anxiety and more confident.
You're not just going through 

3317
03:08:18,200 --> 03:08:21,500
the motions of hosting a 
holiday, your creating space for

3318
03:08:21,500 --> 03:08:23,600
people. 
You care about people who've 

3319
03:08:23,600 --> 03:08:25,900
become genuinely important to 
you over the past year. 

3320
03:08:25,900 --> 03:08:28,200
You think about the woman? 
You are last Thanksgiving, 

3321
03:08:28,200 --> 03:08:32,900
organized and isolated prepared,
and lonely going through the 

3322
03:08:32,900 --> 03:08:35,500
motions of Celebration. 
While missing the point of it. 

3323
03:08:36,400 --> 03:08:38,500
You think about how the storm 
Stripped Away. 

3324
03:08:38,500 --> 03:08:41,700
You're careful plans and forced 
you into something Messier and 

3325
03:08:41,708 --> 03:08:44,800
more real. 
How the worst case scenario, 

3326
03:08:44,800 --> 03:08:48,500
you're carefully planned, dinner
disrupted, your house, invaded 

3327
03:08:48,500 --> 03:08:52,500
by neighbors, your Solitude 
shattered, became the best thing

3328
03:08:52,500 --> 03:08:56,800
that could have happened that 
night you dream about snow not 

3329
03:08:56,800 --> 03:08:59,400
threatening or scary just 
present. 

3330
03:09:00,300 --> 03:09:02,600
Falling steadily. 
Quietly. 

3331
03:09:03,500 --> 03:09:05,700
Transforming the world into 
something new. 

3332
03:09:06,800 --> 03:09:09,400
In the dream, you're watching 
from your window as people 

3333
03:09:09,400 --> 03:09:12,900
gather outside drawn to your 
house, like it's sending out 

3334
03:09:12,900 --> 03:09:16,600
some signal, the cold, and you 
let them in they're hungry and 

3335
03:09:16,600 --> 03:09:19,600
you feed them, they need shelter
and you provide it. 

3336
03:09:20,300 --> 03:09:22,100
The dream has the quality of 
myth. 

3337
03:09:22,800 --> 03:09:24,700
Of something architectural and 
ancient. 

3338
03:09:25,700 --> 03:09:28,500
When you wait you remember the 
feeling of it more than the 

3339
03:09:28,500 --> 03:09:30,900
details? 
The satisfaction of having 

3340
03:09:30,900 --> 03:09:34,800
something to give the joy of 
being useful and the rightness 

3341
03:09:34,800 --> 03:09:39,000
of opening your door, 
Thanksgiving 1943, unfolds with 

3342
03:09:39,000 --> 03:09:41,100
the smoothness. 
You'd hoped for the year before.

3343
03:09:42,000 --> 03:09:46,500
Everyone arrives on time, the 
turkey Cooks perfectly, the 

3344
03:09:46,500 --> 03:09:50,400
conversations flow easily 
punctuated by laughter and the 

3345
03:09:50,400 --> 03:09:52,600
comfortable silence is of people
who know each other. 

3346
03:09:52,600 --> 03:09:56,308
Well, Your nephew. 
Is there still stationed in the 

3347
03:09:56,316 --> 03:10:00,600
states training for something, 
nobody talks about and watching 

3348
03:10:00,600 --> 03:10:03,500
him joke, with the Henderson 
girl while helping Mrs, Chen, 

3349
03:10:03,500 --> 03:10:07,100
carry dishes, make something in 
your chest, feel warm, and full.

3350
03:10:07,100 --> 03:10:10,600
At some point during dinner, 
talk turns to last year's storm.

3351
03:10:10,600 --> 03:10:14,200
Everyone has their own version 
of events their own details. 

3352
03:10:14,200 --> 03:10:20,600
They remember girl insists the 
snow was as tall as Daddy, which

3353
03:10:20,600 --> 03:10:22,800
is an exaggeration, but not by 
much. 

3354
03:10:24,200 --> 03:10:27,200
Mr. Patterson describes digging 
out your driveway with the 

3355
03:10:27,208 --> 03:10:29,700
reference of someone recounting 
an Epic Quest. 

3356
03:10:30,900 --> 03:10:33,300
Mrs. Chen mentioned her worry 
about the store. 

3357
03:10:34,000 --> 03:10:36,800
Though, she admits it was fine 
when she finally got back to it.

3358
03:10:36,800 --> 03:10:40,000
Betty whose gained confidence 
along with her job at the Mill, 

3359
03:10:40,000 --> 03:10:43,700
raises her glass? 
Water, not wine, but it doesn't 

3360
03:10:43,700 --> 03:10:46,600
matter. 
Unexpected blessings. 

3361
03:10:46,600 --> 03:10:49,800
She says and everyone 
understands she's talking about 

3362
03:10:49,800 --> 03:10:53,000
more than just the meal. 
He's talking about the storm 

3363
03:10:53,000 --> 03:10:56,600
about the way crisis, revealed 
connection and about how the 

3364
03:10:56,600 --> 03:10:58,600
worst Thanksgiving became the 
best one. 

3365
03:10:59,400 --> 03:11:02,200
Everyone Echoes the toast and 
you feel tears. 

3366
03:11:02,200 --> 03:11:04,100
Prick, your eyes, though, your 
smiling. 

3367
03:11:04,100 --> 03:11:08,400
Later after everyone has left in
your cleaning up, you find 

3368
03:11:08,400 --> 03:11:11,600
yourself standing at the kitchen
window in the exact spot used to

3369
03:11:11,600 --> 03:11:14,500
study a year ago. 
The weather outside is clear and

3370
03:11:14,500 --> 03:11:16,900
cold with no snow in the 
forecast. 

3371
03:11:16,900 --> 03:11:21,600
Everything is going according to
plan and yet you feel a small 

3372
03:11:21,600 --> 03:11:25,400
Pang for last year's chaos for 
the way, the storm forced you 

3373
03:11:25,400 --> 03:11:28,700
out of your comfortable 
isolation into something wider 

3374
03:11:28,700 --> 03:11:31,900
and more generous. 
You realize the storm gave you 

3375
03:11:31,900 --> 03:11:35,400
more than just a memorable 
Thanksgiving it gave you a 

3376
03:11:35,400 --> 03:11:36,700
different way of being in the 
world. 

3377
03:11:36,700 --> 03:11:40,600
It taught you that perfect plans
are less important than perfect 

3378
03:11:40,600 --> 03:11:44,100
presence. 
That opening your door literally

3379
03:11:44,100 --> 03:11:46,700
and metaphorically makes your 
life bigger rather than smaller.

3380
03:11:47,800 --> 03:11:50,100
that the things you think you 
want aren't always the things, 

3381
03:11:50,100 --> 03:11:53,500
you actually need the phone, 
rings as your wiping down, the 

3382
03:11:53,500 --> 03:11:57,100
counters, your sister calling to
thank you again and to tell you 

3383
03:11:57,100 --> 03:12:00,600
what a wonderful day it was You 
talked for a while about family 

3384
03:12:00,600 --> 03:12:04,600
and food and the small details 
that make holidays matter before

3385
03:12:04,600 --> 03:12:07,500
hanging up. 
She says, you know, I was so 

3386
03:12:07,500 --> 03:12:10,400
disappointed last year when we 
couldn't make it, but I think 

3387
03:12:10,400 --> 03:12:12,600
that storm might have been 
exactly what you needed. 

3388
03:12:12,600 --> 03:12:17,000
You agree, because it's true. 
The storm was exactly what you 

3389
03:12:17,000 --> 03:12:19,700
needed even though you didn't 
know you need to deny anything 

3390
03:12:19,708 --> 03:12:23,500
years later, after the war ends 
after your nephew comes home. 

3391
03:12:23,500 --> 03:12:26,600
After Betty's husband returns 
and they have children of their 

3392
03:12:26,600 --> 03:12:29,800
own, you'll still remember the 
Thanksgiving when the storm 

3393
03:12:29,800 --> 03:12:34,400
stopped time You'll remember it 
not as a disaster but as a gift,

3394
03:12:34,400 --> 03:12:39,300
not as disruption. 
But as a revelation, You'll tell

3395
03:12:39,300 --> 03:12:43,000
the story to anyone who listened
embellishing the details 

3396
03:12:43,000 --> 03:12:46,500
slightly with each telling the 
way all good stories evolve over

3397
03:12:46,508 --> 03:12:49,200
time, but the heart of it will 
remain true. 

3398
03:12:49,800 --> 03:12:52,500
How nature intervened in your 
carefully ordered life and 

3399
03:12:52,500 --> 03:12:56,300
forced you into connection? 
How a town Frozen in place 

3400
03:12:56,300 --> 03:12:57,800
became a community held 
together. 

3401
03:12:58,700 --> 03:13:02,000
How your empty house filled with
people who needed shelter and 

3402
03:13:02,000 --> 03:13:04,400
how you discovered, you needed 
them just as much. 

3403
03:13:05,200 --> 03:13:08,800
How the worst weather created, 
the best memories, how sometimes

3404
03:13:08,800 --> 03:13:11,400
the things that seem terrible in
the moment, become the things 

3405
03:13:11,400 --> 03:13:14,700
you're most grateful for in 
retrospect, the Thanksgiving 

3406
03:13:14,700 --> 03:13:19,200
storm of 1942 becomes part of 
Cedar Mills mythology, part of 

3407
03:13:19,208 --> 03:13:22,700
your personal history and part 
of the tapestry of small town 

3408
03:13:22,700 --> 03:13:26,300
life during wartime. 
But more than that, it becomes 

3409
03:13:26,300 --> 03:13:30,100
a, touchstone a reminder that 
flexibility matters more than 

3410
03:13:30,100 --> 03:13:34,300
planning that people matter more
than Perfection that opening 

3411
03:13:34,300 --> 03:13:37,300
yourself to the unexpected, can 
lead to the most meaningful 

3412
03:13:37,300 --> 03:13:40,900
experience as of all and on Cold
November, Knights, for the rest 

3413
03:13:40,900 --> 03:13:44,400
of your life when snow begins to
fall and the wind picks up and 

3414
03:13:44,400 --> 03:13:48,200
the world outside your window 
starts to disappear, under white

3415
03:13:48,200 --> 03:13:51,300
accumulation. 
You'll remember You'll remember 

3416
03:13:51,300 --> 03:13:53,000
the sound of voices, filling 
your house. 

3417
03:13:53,000 --> 03:13:55,900
The taste of turkey shared with 
neighbors. 

3418
03:13:55,900 --> 03:14:00,000
The Henderson girls laughter 
Betty's tears giving way to 

3419
03:14:00,000 --> 03:14:03,100
resilience and Mrs. Chen's 
worried humming in your kitchen.

3420
03:14:04,300 --> 03:14:07,100
You'll remember that you're not 
alone that you're part of 

3421
03:14:07,100 --> 03:14:10,500
something larger that your life 
touches other lives in ways that

3422
03:14:10,500 --> 03:14:14,700
matter you'll remember, and 
you'll be grateful grateful for 

3423
03:14:14,700 --> 03:14:17,300
the storm that stopped your 
world grateful. 

3424
03:14:17,300 --> 03:14:20,600
For the Neighbors who became 
family grateful for the lesson 

3425
03:14:20,600 --> 03:14:23,100
learned slowly over three 
Snowden days. 

3426
03:14:23,100 --> 03:14:26,600
That the best things in life, 
for rarely the things, you plan 

3427
03:14:26,600 --> 03:14:30,700
that Community happens in 
crisis, and that an Open Door 

3428
03:14:30,700 --> 03:14:34,200
can change everything, the 
snowfalls in your memory, soft 

3429
03:14:34,200 --> 03:14:37,200
and steady and infinite covering
the world in white and 

3430
03:14:37,200 --> 03:14:40,500
possibility. 
And somewhere deep inside, 

3431
03:14:40,500 --> 03:14:42,300
you're still standing at that 
window. 

3432
03:14:42,300 --> 03:14:46,700
On Thanksgiving morning. 1942. 
Watching The Impossible 

3433
03:14:46,700 --> 03:14:50,200
accumulation and not yet knowing
how it will transform 

3434
03:14:50,200 --> 03:14:52,700
everything. 
Still planing your meal for 

3435
03:14:52,700 --> 03:14:55,300
seven. 
Not knowing it will feed ten. 

3436
03:14:56,200 --> 03:14:59,100
Still thinking you're alone, not
knowing you're about to 

3437
03:14:59,100 --> 03:15:02,200
discover, you never really were 
the storm taught you. 

3438
03:15:02,900 --> 03:15:06,800
Snow showed you, the Frozen Town
gave you the gift of connection 

3439
03:15:06,800 --> 03:15:11,200
wrapped in inconvenience of 
community disguised as crisis. 

3440
03:15:12,400 --> 03:15:16,700
And every Thanksgiving afterward
where the snowy or clear cold or

3441
03:15:16,700 --> 03:15:18,900
mild you carry that gift with 
you. 

3442
03:15:18,900 --> 03:15:23,200
The knowledge that your life is 
bigger than you knew that your 

3443
03:15:23,200 --> 03:15:26,800
capacity for opening and sharing
and connecting is wider than you

3444
03:15:26,800 --> 03:15:29,200
imagined. 
And that sometimes the best 

3445
03:15:29,200 --> 03:15:32,700
moments of the ones you never 
could have planned the Memory 

3446
03:15:32,700 --> 03:15:37,700
Remains persistent as snow, in 
shaded Corners present as the 

3447
03:15:37,700 --> 03:15:41,000
changing seasons. 
The Thanksgiving winter storm, 

3448
03:15:41,000 --> 03:15:45,900
that Frozen entire town and in 
doing so thawed a frozen heart, 

3449
03:15:45,900 --> 03:15:50,900
your heart You didn't even know 
needed thorong until the snow 

3450
03:15:50,900 --> 03:15:54,200
came down and the world stopped 
and the door opened, and the 

3451
03:15:54,200 --> 03:15:57,500
people came in and everything 
changed, and you carry that 

3452
03:15:57,500 --> 03:16:01,300
change forward year after year, 
storm after storm. 

3453
03:16:01,300 --> 03:16:05,400
Thanksgiving after Thanksgiving.
Carrying it like a gift. 

3454
03:16:06,700 --> 03:16:09,100
Secret. 
Like a story worth telling. 

3455
03:16:10,200 --> 03:16:13,400
The story of when the snow fell 
and the world stopped and life. 

3456
03:16:13,400 --> 03:16:19,200
Real life, messy and unexpected 
and beautiful finally began. 

3457
03:16:27,200 --> 03:16:30,800
Cyrus the Great came into a 
world teeming with Mythic haze 

3458
03:16:30,800 --> 03:16:34,600
around 600. 
BCE in a corner of Southwestern.

3459
03:16:34,600 --> 03:16:39,200
Iran known as anshan later ages 
wove Legends of how his Destiny 

3460
03:16:39,200 --> 03:16:42,300
was prophesied before birth. 
Tradition says his mother 

3461
03:16:42,300 --> 03:16:45,300
mandane was the daughter of 
astia. 

3462
03:16:45,300 --> 03:16:49,200
The median King alarmed by a 
dream, suggesting her child 

3463
03:16:49,200 --> 03:16:52,200
would topple him as Jiggies 
ordered the infant Cyrus's 

3464
03:16:52,200 --> 03:16:54,500
death. 
Yet the official tasked with 

3465
03:16:54,500 --> 03:16:56,800
murder found the baby too. 
Innocent to slaughter. 

3466
03:16:57,700 --> 03:16:59,700
He handed him to a shepherd's 
family instead. 

3467
03:16:59,700 --> 03:17:03,800
So the story goes and sharing 
Cyrus survived in obscurity. 

3468
03:17:04,700 --> 03:17:08,000
Whether or not these details 
Rings strictly true, they reveal

3469
03:17:08,000 --> 03:17:11,900
how from the start storytellers 
recognized an extraordinary 

3470
03:17:11,900 --> 03:17:15,100
quality in him. 
Someone rise from Peril to shape

3471
03:17:15,100 --> 03:17:19,700
and Empire In early Boyhood it 
said, Cyrus displayed remarkable

3472
03:17:19,700 --> 03:17:23,100
empathy bridging different 
differences among local tribes, 

3473
03:17:23,100 --> 03:17:25,600
the South-Western Fringe of the 
Zagros. 

3474
03:17:25,600 --> 03:17:29,400
Mountains was no calm territory.
Petty, Warlords vide. 

3475
03:17:29,400 --> 03:17:32,300
Overwater sources trade routes 
and farmland. 

3476
03:17:33,200 --> 03:17:36,800
Yes, Cyrus reputedly navigated 
these tensions with an uncanny 

3477
03:17:36,800 --> 03:17:40,100
mix of kindness and resolve. 
Forging friendships among 

3478
03:17:40,100 --> 03:17:42,900
Shepherds and minor Chieftains 
over time. 

3479
03:17:42,900 --> 03:17:46,400
The local talk was less about a 
hidden child saved from a king's

3480
03:17:46,400 --> 03:17:48,200
wrath and more about a 
charismatic. 

3481
03:17:48,200 --> 03:17:52,800
Youth unafraid to challenge 
older men's assumptions Elders. 

3482
03:17:52,800 --> 03:17:56,200
They're weary found him 
unexpectedly persuasive. 

3483
03:17:57,100 --> 03:18:00,800
When Cyrus reached adolescence. 
His lineage demanded, he 

3484
03:18:00,800 --> 03:18:02,300
connected with the court in 
ancient. 

3485
03:18:02,300 --> 03:18:05,400
He discovered that his father 
came by his. 

3486
03:18:05,400 --> 03:18:09,100
The first was a vassal to the 
Meads, the median, Susan T, 

3487
03:18:09,100 --> 03:18:13,100
overshadowed the region with a 
Staggs raining in EK Botana, and

3488
03:18:13,100 --> 03:18:16,500
older Metropolis perched, among 
mountains that overshadowing 

3489
03:18:16,500 --> 03:18:20,000
rankled, the once proud, Kings 
of anshan had accepted vassal 

3490
03:18:20,000 --> 03:18:23,500
status for decades. 
Cyrus gleaned quickly that many 

3491
03:18:23,500 --> 03:18:26,500
in the southwestern region, 
chafed, under median taxes and 

3492
03:18:26,500 --> 03:18:30,400
arbitrary demands observing. 
Resentments carefully, he 

3493
03:18:30,400 --> 03:18:33,200
concluded that. 
If he ever Rose to power, he 

3494
03:18:33,200 --> 03:18:35,700
might Galvanize these 
frustrations into a cohesive 

3495
03:18:35,700 --> 03:18:39,900
front though, overshadowed by 
the meds and shun maintained, a 

3496
03:18:39,900 --> 03:18:43,600
distinct cultural identity. 
The Realms Traditions traced 

3497
03:18:43,600 --> 03:18:45,100
back to elamite and Persian 
Roots. 

3498
03:18:45,100 --> 03:18:49,900
Forging a tapestry of Customs 
Cyrus open to absorbing 

3499
03:18:49,900 --> 03:18:51,700
knowledge. 
Studied the Region's older 

3500
03:18:51,700 --> 03:18:55,700
languages cleaning law from Wise
Men versed in our cake myths. 

3501
03:18:55,700 --> 03:19:00,000
One result a worldview that 
placed bridging cultural divides

3502
03:19:00,000 --> 03:19:03,600
at the center of leadership. 
He recognized that stable ruled 

3503
03:19:03,600 --> 03:19:06,400
demanded acknowledging local 
Traditions rather than imposing 

3504
03:19:06,400 --> 03:19:09,200
a single rigid system. 
This concept would later 

3505
03:19:09,200 --> 03:19:12,300
manifest in how he governed a 
sprawling Empire with Myriad 

3506
03:19:12,300 --> 03:19:15,600
people's. 
As a Young Man Cyrus served 

3507
03:19:15,600 --> 03:19:18,700
briefly in the median Army, 
perhaps under the watchful, eye 

3508
03:19:18,700 --> 03:19:21,800
of Asia's accounts, differ on 
how cordial that relationship 

3509
03:19:21,800 --> 03:19:25,200
was some sources claim. 
The older King ironically found 

3510
03:19:25,200 --> 03:19:28,600
Cyrus appealing, only belatedly 
realizing the youths growing 

3511
03:19:28,600 --> 03:19:31,500
ambition. 
Others propose that a stegi is 

3512
03:19:31,508 --> 03:19:33,500
kept him. 
Close precisely to forestall 

3513
03:19:33,500 --> 03:19:36,100
rebellion. 
In either case Osiris saw the 

3514
03:19:36,100 --> 03:19:39,700
Meads weaknesses from within 
they boasted strong Cavalry and 

3515
03:19:39,700 --> 03:19:42,800
Fortress, but corruption and 
complacency riddled. 

3516
03:19:42,800 --> 03:19:46,800
SDR goes as bureaucracy. 
The king's courtiers squabbled 

3517
03:19:46,800 --> 03:19:51,100
indulging in luxurious feasts. 
Meanwhile lesser vassal States. 

3518
03:19:51,100 --> 03:19:52,800
Seethed. 
Under burdensome tribute. 

3519
03:19:52,800 --> 03:19:56,300
The stage was set for a Revolt 
of sparked by the right figure. 

3520
03:19:57,300 --> 03:20:00,500
Upon can be sees. 
The first death, Cyrus became 

3521
03:20:00,500 --> 03:20:03,700
the nominal ruler of anshan. 
He faced immediate tension with 

3522
03:20:03,700 --> 03:20:09,100
equator, sometime around, 550 
BC, Cyrus launched, an uprising,

3523
03:20:09,100 --> 03:20:14,100
unified Persians under his 
Banner, the old stories depict 

3524
03:20:14,100 --> 03:20:15,400
him. 
Proclaiming that the time had 

3525
03:20:15,400 --> 03:20:18,600
come to cast off median 
overlordship forging, a new 

3526
03:20:18,608 --> 03:20:20,500
order that recognized Persian 
leadership. 

3527
03:20:20,500 --> 03:20:24,900
He marched North leveraging 
alliances with other disaffected

3528
03:20:24,900 --> 03:20:28,100
tribes. 
Stark is roused his forces, but 

3529
03:20:28,100 --> 03:20:31,500
discovered, many loyal officers 
had turned coat enticed by 

3530
03:20:31,500 --> 03:20:33,300
Cyrus's promise of a fairer 
rule. 

3531
03:20:34,100 --> 03:20:37,600
In a surprising turn, Cyrus 
captured etana with minimal 

3532
03:20:37,600 --> 03:20:42,100
resistance, Cyrus seized, 
thereby, ending his rule with 

3533
03:20:42,100 --> 03:20:45,800
the meat skins subdued Cyrus did
something unusual for a 

3534
03:20:45,800 --> 03:20:49,400
conqueror. 
He spared usda's life absorbing 

3535
03:20:49,400 --> 03:20:51,700
the median capital in 
aristocracy without Mass 

3536
03:20:51,700 --> 03:20:54,200
Slaughter. 
This approach hinted at the 

3537
03:20:54,208 --> 03:20:57,500
Hallmark of his future Empire. 
Respect for local Elites 

3538
03:20:57,500 --> 03:21:01,500
provided they served under him 
Some ancient kingdoms might have

3539
03:21:01,500 --> 03:21:03,800
sacked at botana, to destroy it,
permanently. 

3540
03:21:04,600 --> 03:21:07,000
Cyrus recognized the value and 
co-opting the existing 

3541
03:21:07,000 --> 03:21:10,200
Administration. 
Forging a dual monarchy of sorts

3542
03:21:10,200 --> 03:21:15,400
median and Persian Already 
onlookers noticed that Cyrus was

3543
03:21:15,400 --> 03:21:18,000
no typical warlord driven solely
by Conquest. 

3544
03:21:18,800 --> 03:21:20,300
He had a cunning sense of 
policy. 

3545
03:21:20,300 --> 03:21:23,700
The newly minted King of the 
Persians and media's reigned 

3546
03:21:23,700 --> 03:21:27,500
from equator, adopting median 
structures, while weaving in 

3547
03:21:27,500 --> 03:21:31,300
Persian influences, he 
reorganized the Army, combining 

3548
03:21:31,300 --> 03:21:34,000
median, heavy Cavalry with 
Persian infantry discipline. 

3549
03:21:34,800 --> 03:21:38,400
within a few short years news of
a Verizon power, in the Iranian 

3550
03:21:38,400 --> 03:21:42,200
Plateau, spread Westwood 
reaching Lydia care in Anatolia 

3551
03:21:42,200 --> 03:21:46,100
and the edges of Mesopotamia 
Many scoffed at a newly minted, 

3552
03:21:46,100 --> 03:21:48,300
Persian Kingdom. 
Couldnt overshadow established 

3553
03:21:48,300 --> 03:21:53,100
powers like Lydia or Babylon, 
Cyrus unperturbed busied 

3554
03:21:53,100 --> 03:21:56,400
himself, forging alliances 
building, supply lines, and 

3555
03:21:56,400 --> 03:21:59,900
reinforcing from tears. 
He sent that other Horizon's 

3556
03:21:59,900 --> 03:22:03,100
beckoned lands ruled by Kings 
who viewed him as a mere 

3557
03:22:03,100 --> 03:22:05,900
upstart, The next chapters would
prove them wrong. 

3558
03:22:05,900 --> 03:22:09,700
Osiris's Unstoppable, expansions
would reshape the entire 

3559
03:22:09,700 --> 03:22:13,100
Region's political map. 
Securing the median, Throne was 

3560
03:22:13,100 --> 03:22:16,800
but a first step Cyrus turned, 
his gaze, West toward Lydia 

3561
03:22:16,800 --> 03:22:21,400
ruled by the wealthy King crisis
famed for controlling vast gold 

3562
03:22:21,400 --> 03:22:24,000
reserves and forging alliances 
with Greek city-states. 

3563
03:22:24,900 --> 03:22:27,500
Croesus had observed, the 
Persian takeover of media with 

3564
03:22:27,500 --> 03:22:30,000
alarm, He reasoned that a 
swiftly. 

3565
03:22:30,000 --> 03:22:31,900
Rising. 
Cyrus might threaten Lydia's 

3566
03:22:31,900 --> 03:22:34,800
eastern border. 
Some councils suggested forging 

3567
03:22:34,800 --> 03:22:36,300
an alliance with the new Persian
king. 

3568
03:22:36,300 --> 03:22:40,500
But croesus, proud of Lydia's 
riches and alliance's opted for 

3569
03:22:40,500 --> 03:22:43,700
confrontation. 
The impetus came when Cyrus 

3570
03:22:43,700 --> 03:22:46,000
Advanced from the Zagros region 
to the Harris River. 

3571
03:22:46,000 --> 03:22:48,900
Boundary croesus marched out and
anticipate. 

3572
03:22:48,900 --> 03:22:51,900
Participating a swift campaign 
to impart a lesson to Persia 

3573
03:22:52,500 --> 03:22:56,300
However, after some inconclusive
battles, winter approached, and 

3574
03:22:56,300 --> 03:22:59,500
closest, retreated, leaving 
Warfare would pause, he sent 

3575
03:22:59,500 --> 03:23:02,600
mercenary's home planning to 
resume hostilities and spring. 

3576
03:23:03,400 --> 03:23:07,500
Cyrus defying, typical seasonal 
Norms, pursued the lydians 

3577
03:23:07,500 --> 03:23:11,700
relentlessly during winter. 
This bold move courtesies 

3578
03:23:11,700 --> 03:23:14,500
unprepared. 
Swirl of smaller engagements 

3579
03:23:14,500 --> 03:23:18,900
left, Lydia's, outposts reeling.
By the time Cruces scrambled. 

3580
03:23:18,900 --> 03:23:22,400
His allies again, Cyrus was at 
Lydia's, doorstep, the 

3581
03:23:22,400 --> 03:23:26,000
culminating Siege of Sardis, 
Lydia's Capital became 

3582
03:23:26,000 --> 03:23:28,900
legendary. 
The city's walls, perched on 

3583
03:23:28,900 --> 03:23:33,100
steep Cliffs Cyrus scanning. 
The Fortress Found A seeming, 

3584
03:23:33,100 --> 03:23:36,500
weakness one Cliff face, that 
looked unclimbable to Defenders,

3585
03:23:36,500 --> 03:23:39,300
thus less guarded under cover of
night. 

3586
03:23:39,300 --> 03:23:43,100
His men, scaled that near 
vertical slope surprising the 

3587
03:23:43,108 --> 03:23:47,400
watch they gained entry opening 
the gates for the main Persian 

3588
03:23:47,400 --> 03:23:50,500
Force. 
Sardis fell and creases was 

3589
03:23:50,500 --> 03:23:53,400
captured tradition. 
Says that Cyrus initially 

3590
03:23:53,400 --> 03:23:56,600
planned to execute creases on a 
funeral pyre, but he changed his

3591
03:23:56,600 --> 03:23:58,600
mind. 
Some say it was after hearing 

3592
03:23:58,600 --> 03:24:00,900
crease as lament about the 
cruelty of Fortune. 

3593
03:24:00,900 --> 03:24:04,800
Alternatively, an oracle or 
retainers cancel might have 

3594
03:24:04,808 --> 03:24:07,800
spurred Cyrus's clemency Chris 
was spared. 

3595
03:24:07,800 --> 03:24:10,900
However, and give an honorary 
position in his new government. 

3596
03:24:12,000 --> 03:24:15,300
The gesture signaled. 
A pacman, Cyrus subdued Rivals 

3597
03:24:15,300 --> 03:24:16,700
yet. 
Frequently integrated them 

3598
03:24:16,700 --> 03:24:19,900
preserving local structures if 
they accepted his authority, 

3599
03:24:20,700 --> 03:24:24,000
With Lydia subdued Cyrus, 
effectively inherited, its 

3600
03:24:24,000 --> 03:24:27,600
Anatolian possessions, including
Greek city-states along the 

3601
03:24:27,600 --> 03:24:30,800
gihon coast. 
Those ionian Greeks had treated 

3602
03:24:30,800 --> 03:24:33,900
with croesus, but were uncertain
about Persian rule. 

3603
03:24:34,500 --> 03:24:37,200
Some tried resisting. 
Cyrus assigned. 

3604
03:24:37,200 --> 03:24:40,200
Local satraps Governors, who 
demanded tribute, but otherwise 

3605
03:24:40,200 --> 03:24:44,200
left local Customs intact. 
Over time his ionian 

3606
03:24:44,200 --> 03:24:47,100
city-states, realized Persian 
governance could be quite 

3607
03:24:47,100 --> 03:24:50,100
hands-off if tributes were paid.
The approach. 

3608
03:24:50,100 --> 03:24:53,300
Partially is tensions, their 
pockets of Revolt remained. 

3609
03:24:53,300 --> 03:24:56,900
The Persians recognized that 
shipping was crucial for a giant

3610
03:24:56,900 --> 03:24:58,900
commas. 
So Cyrus refrained from 

3611
03:24:58,900 --> 03:25:02,700
heavy-handed oppression, that 
might stifle trade in effect. 

3612
03:25:02,700 --> 03:25:06,200
I only in city states, found 
themselves overshadowed by a 

3613
03:25:06,200 --> 03:25:08,400
more tolerant conqueror than 
they might have feared. 

3614
03:25:09,300 --> 03:25:12,200
Then came the inevitable 
confrontation with Babylon, the 

3615
03:25:12,200 --> 03:25:14,400
famed Empire controlling 
Mesopotamia. 

3616
03:25:15,200 --> 03:25:18,800
Babylon's, King nedus was known 
for eccentric, religious 

3617
03:25:18,800 --> 03:25:21,300
policies. 
Alienating certain factions, 

3618
03:25:21,300 --> 03:25:24,500
within the city. 
Many priests of Marduk disliked 

3619
03:25:24,500 --> 03:25:28,500
in a Bonnie's focus on the moon.
God sin, meanwhile outline 

3620
03:25:28,500 --> 03:25:32,400
province's of Babylon, grew 
restive, Cyrus aim to exploit 

3621
03:25:32,400 --> 03:25:35,600
these Rifts, he maintained 
correspondence with Babylonian 

3622
03:25:35,600 --> 03:25:38,800
dissidents presenting himself as
a liberator who would restore 

3623
03:25:38,800 --> 03:25:41,700
worship of Marduk and rectify 
neglect from the monarchy. 

3624
03:25:42,500 --> 03:25:44,300
Propaganda tablets found 
centuries. 

3625
03:25:44,300 --> 03:25:47,200
Later suggests that some 
Babylonian Elites welcomed him. 

3626
03:25:47,900 --> 03:25:53,200
By 539 BCE Cyrus marched to 
Babylon defeating the main Army 

3627
03:25:53,200 --> 03:25:57,700
at Opus with minimal trouble. 
Then in an event overshadowed by

3628
03:25:57,700 --> 03:26:01,300
myth, the gates of Babylon 
opened letting him enter 

3629
03:26:01,300 --> 03:26:05,200
peacefully the cities. 
Inhabitants, possibly fatigued 

3630
03:26:05,200 --> 03:26:08,200
by Nappanee. 
This rule found little cause to 

3631
03:26:08,200 --> 03:26:11,400
resist with that. 
The storied Metropolis fell 

3632
03:26:11,400 --> 03:26:14,600
quietly to a new Empire. 
Cyrus formalized, these 

3633
03:26:14,600 --> 03:26:17,300
conquests into what we know as 
the Akai men at Empire. 

3634
03:26:17,300 --> 03:26:20,600
He proclaimed a policy of 
respecting local, religions and 

3635
03:26:20,600 --> 03:26:23,000
traditions. 
Seeing in this approach, a key 

3636
03:26:23,008 --> 03:26:24,900
to stable governance across vast
distances. 

3637
03:26:24,900 --> 03:26:28,700
Most famous artifact of this 
dance, is the Cyrus cylinder. 

3638
03:26:28,700 --> 03:26:32,600
Discovered Millennia later 
inscribed in Kunia form. 

3639
03:26:32,600 --> 03:26:36,200
It Praises, Cyrus as chosen by 
Marduk to restore proper Worship

3640
03:26:36,200 --> 03:26:38,600
in Babylon. 
It also records, how he 

3641
03:26:38,600 --> 03:26:42,400
repatriated displaced, people's 
forging, an image of a tolerant,

3642
03:26:42,400 --> 03:26:46,500
or most benevolent conqueror. 
Historians debate, the extent of

3643
03:26:46,500 --> 03:26:50,000
Tolerance noting that tribute 
demands still weighed heavy on 

3644
03:26:50,000 --> 03:26:53,500
subject people's however by the 
standards of the era, his 

3645
03:26:53,500 --> 03:26:55,200
approach was more lenient than 
typical. 

3646
03:26:56,000 --> 03:26:59,000
He rarely burned cities or 
enslaved entire populations. 

3647
03:26:59,000 --> 03:27:02,900
Rather he integrated local 
Elites weaving them into a 

3648
03:27:02,900 --> 03:27:06,000
truffle structures. 
This policy extended to the 

3649
03:27:06,000 --> 03:27:09,600
Hebrews exiled in Babylon, Cyrus
famously permitted them to 

3650
03:27:09,600 --> 03:27:12,800
return to Jerusalem and rebuild 
their Temple Hebrew scriptures, 

3651
03:27:12,800 --> 03:27:16,500
Lord him as an anointed figure. 
A foreign King recognized as an 

3652
03:27:16,500 --> 03:27:20,400
instrument of divine will. 
The uniqueness of a Mesopotamian

3653
03:27:20,400 --> 03:27:23,400
Empire that championed the 
restoration of a local temple 

3654
03:27:23,400 --> 03:27:26,300
abroad was not lost on 
contemporary Observers. 

3655
03:27:27,000 --> 03:27:30,400
For Cyrus this meant forging 
loyalty, across a mosaic of 

3656
03:27:30,400 --> 03:27:33,000
cultures. 
He recognized that the Empire's 

3657
03:27:33,000 --> 03:27:36,700
core, a not just in fear of 
Persian arms, but in a sense of 

3658
03:27:36,700 --> 03:27:41,200
prosperity and religious freedom
under Persian oversight, By the 

3659
03:27:41,208 --> 03:27:45,200
mid 530s BC e. 
The Empire sprawled from the 

3660
03:27:45,200 --> 03:27:48,700
fringes of Anatolia to the edge 
of the Iranian Plateau with 

3661
03:27:48,700 --> 03:27:52,500
Babylon as a second capital. 
Cyrus oversaw the creation of 

3662
03:27:52,500 --> 03:27:55,900
Roads, linking these domains 
encouraging Caravans to travel 

3663
03:27:55,900 --> 03:27:58,800
more securely. 
A new administrative pattern 

3664
03:27:58,800 --> 03:28:03,500
emerged each province satrapy 
had a satrap typically local 

3665
03:28:03,500 --> 03:28:07,400
nobility, loyal to the throne, 
balanced by a roving inspectors 

3666
03:28:07,400 --> 03:28:09,200
and lines of communication 
director. 

3667
03:28:09,200 --> 03:28:12,800
Cyrus Freed from local Wars. 
Trade flourished. 

3668
03:28:13,400 --> 03:28:15,500
Western sources. 
Sometimes labeled him a 

3669
03:28:15,500 --> 03:28:17,700
law-giver though. 
He never compiled a code. 

3670
03:28:17,700 --> 03:28:20,600
Akin to Hammurabi. 
Instead he simply refrained from

3671
03:28:20,600 --> 03:28:24,500
supplanting local codes unless 
necessary letting them continue 

3672
03:28:24,500 --> 03:28:28,300
under a broader Imperial. 
Canopy In forging, this Empire 

3673
03:28:28,300 --> 03:28:31,600
Cyrus overshadowed, the older 
pattern of fractious City 

3674
03:28:31,600 --> 03:28:35,200
Kingdom. 
Now, a single rule United Myriad

3675
03:28:35,200 --> 03:28:39,600
tongues from ionian, Greek to 
Aramaic from lydian to elamite. 

3676
03:28:40,400 --> 03:28:42,600
For the moment, all seemed 
Unstoppable. 

3677
03:28:43,800 --> 03:28:46,400
But an Empire. 
So vast inevitably brushed 

3678
03:28:46,400 --> 03:28:49,600
against fresh, Frontiers 
beckoning the next wave of 

3679
03:28:49,600 --> 03:28:53,000
expansion or would caution 
Council consolidation. 

3680
03:28:53,800 --> 03:28:56,600
The man who ascended from 
rumored infancy in a shepherd's 

3681
03:28:56,600 --> 03:28:58,300
Hut to commanding, half the 
known region. 

3682
03:28:58,300 --> 03:29:03,000
Now face, the question, Was the 
Empire's thirst for growth ever?

3683
03:29:03,000 --> 03:29:05,600
Sated or did Destiny push him 
onward. 

3684
03:29:05,600 --> 03:29:09,300
Risking new hazards. 
With Babylon integrated into his

3685
03:29:09,300 --> 03:29:11,900
Empire. 
Cyrus contemplated the Eastern 

3686
03:29:11,900 --> 03:29:14,900
Frontier. 
The Iranian Plateau merged into 

3687
03:29:14,900 --> 03:29:18,800
Central Asian steppes home to 
nomadic or semi-nomadic tribes 

3688
03:29:18,800 --> 03:29:21,200
known for mobile Warfare 
Legends. 

3689
03:29:21,200 --> 03:29:25,300
Say, that Cyrus's father kambis.
The First Once warned him that 

3690
03:29:25,300 --> 03:29:28,400
subduing, such tribes required 
persistent vigilance as they 

3691
03:29:28,400 --> 03:29:32,000
seldom recognized stable 
borders, but the new Empire 

3692
03:29:32,000 --> 03:29:33,800
needed to Anchor its eastern 
flank. 

3693
03:29:33,800 --> 03:29:37,900
The trade routes from the Indus 
Valley or bacteria. 

3694
03:29:37,900 --> 03:29:40,900
This said, dear were to channel 
Goods across Persian heartlands,

3695
03:29:40,900 --> 03:29:45,100
Cyrus recognized, the Dual 
impetus secure, those roots and 

3696
03:29:45,100 --> 03:29:46,700
ensure. 
No flank vulnerability. 

3697
03:29:46,700 --> 03:29:50,400
He dispatched, armies along the 
oxus river and mood Daria, 

3698
03:29:50,400 --> 03:29:53,800
forging alliances. 
With local Chief toss some 

3699
03:29:53,800 --> 03:29:57,400
steppe tribes in by the prospect
of stable, trade and potential 

3700
03:29:57,400 --> 03:30:00,900
gifts from the great king 
cooperated others, resisted 

3701
03:30:00,900 --> 03:30:05,400
needing to skirmishes in desert.
Canyon's Cyrus accompanied part 

3702
03:30:05,400 --> 03:30:08,400
of the campaign employing. 
The same tolerance approach 

3703
03:30:08,400 --> 03:30:11,200
tribes that submitted 
maintained, local leadership, 

3704
03:30:11,200 --> 03:30:13,700
paying tribute, but enjoying 
relative autonomy. 

3705
03:30:14,500 --> 03:30:17,800
That method overshadowed the old
practice of forced relocations 

3706
03:30:17,800 --> 03:30:20,200
or destination. 
Yet his men found the 

3707
03:30:20,200 --> 03:30:23,100
environment harsh with 
punishing, Heat by day and 

3708
03:30:23,100 --> 03:30:25,900
frigid nights Complicated by 
elusive tribal. 

3709
03:30:25,900 --> 03:30:30,000
Raiders Adept at ambushes in 
bacteria, Cyrus and countered. 

3710
03:30:30,000 --> 03:30:32,400
A settled civilization older 
than many realized. 

3711
03:30:33,100 --> 03:30:36,700
An area with fortresses 
irrigation and a lineage of 

3712
03:30:36,700 --> 03:30:40,500
trade connections with India. 
He found skillful Artisans and 

3713
03:30:40,500 --> 03:30:43,400
wise men with knowledge of 
local, religions, some 

3714
03:30:43,400 --> 03:30:47,000
worshiping, a hero Mazda and a 
variance of zoroastrian 

3715
03:30:47,000 --> 03:30:49,400
practice. 
This encounter, possibly 

3716
03:30:49,400 --> 03:30:52,200
reaffirmed his approach of 
letting each region keep its 

3717
03:30:52,200 --> 03:30:55,600
faith. 
Indeed coins from that era show,

3718
03:30:55,600 --> 03:30:59,300
local imagery mixed with Persian
inscriptions, reflecting a 

3719
03:30:59,300 --> 03:31:02,200
Synergy rather than forced 
uniformity historians. 

3720
03:31:02,200 --> 03:31:05,200
See in this pattern, the seeds 
of an Empire tolerant enough to 

3721
03:31:05,200 --> 03:31:08,000
last for centuries 
overshadowing, the ephemeral 

3722
03:31:08,000 --> 03:31:11,500
expansion of earlier conquerors,
who imposed uniform codes? 

3723
03:31:11,500 --> 03:31:14,700
Yet the East never fully bowed 
Cyrus soon. 

3724
03:31:14,700 --> 03:31:17,400
Realized that Beyond bacteria, 
lay more, formidable, tribes, 

3725
03:31:18,300 --> 03:31:20,400
Surviving inscriptions 
mentioned, a feared group 

3726
03:31:20,400 --> 03:31:23,300
referred to as the massager 
Getty dwelling across the 

3727
03:31:23,300 --> 03:31:25,800
Jacksons River. 
They were skilled horse, 

3728
03:31:25,800 --> 03:31:29,200
archers, famously led by a 
warrior Queen named tamiris. 

3729
03:31:30,000 --> 03:31:32,300
The problem was that direct 
conflict with the mint venturing

3730
03:31:32,300 --> 03:31:34,700
into semi desert lands were 
supply line collapse. 

3731
03:31:35,400 --> 03:31:38,800
The Cyrus's ambition on 
necessity, drove him to attempt 

3732
03:31:38,800 --> 03:31:43,900
an incursion around 5:30 BCE. 
Some sources, suggest he built a

3733
03:31:43,900 --> 03:31:47,200
bridging strategy, he possibly 
Bridging the jaxartes or else 

3734
03:31:47,200 --> 03:31:49,500
luring the message at a friendly
at terrain. 

3735
03:31:49,500 --> 03:31:53,300
The outcome was tragic for him. 
Herodotus claims a pitched 

3736
03:31:53,300 --> 03:31:56,000
battle saw, the person forces of
eventually out maneuvered. 

3737
03:31:56,000 --> 03:31:58,500
Cyrus himself. 
Refusing retreat. 

3738
03:31:58,500 --> 03:32:02,700
Was either captured or killed in
the melee Legend has it Queen 

3739
03:32:02,700 --> 03:32:05,000
tamiris. 
Dipped his severed head in a bag

3740
03:32:05,000 --> 03:32:07,900
of blood cursing. 
Him for devouring her people. 

3741
03:32:07,900 --> 03:32:12,000
We cannot confirm the dramatic 
details with absolute certainty.

3742
03:32:12,000 --> 03:32:16,100
Ancient accounts vary. 
Some say, Cyrus died from 

3743
03:32:16,100 --> 03:32:19,000
wounds, others claim an 
accident, in the swirling 

3744
03:32:19,000 --> 03:32:21,600
desert. 
However, all accounts agree that

3745
03:32:21,600 --> 03:32:23,800
his demise occurred on the 
Eastern Frontier. 

3746
03:32:24,600 --> 03:32:27,100
This abrupt end, overshadowed, 
the notion that he'd have 

3747
03:32:27,100 --> 03:32:30,100
Consolidated further expansion 
without him. 

3748
03:32:30,100 --> 03:32:34,200
The Empire, defaulted to his son
by his the second who turned 

3749
03:32:34,200 --> 03:32:38,400
attention to Egyptian campaigns.
If not for that, fatal Eastern 

3750
03:32:38,400 --> 03:32:41,100
gamble. 
Cyrus might have had decades to 

3751
03:32:41,100 --> 03:32:44,600
refine governance bridging Asia,
Minor to the Indus under a 

3752
03:32:44,600 --> 03:32:48,500
carefully balanced rule fate, 
intervened bequeathing, us only 

3753
03:32:48,500 --> 03:32:52,200
partial glimpses of what might 
have been Back in the heartlands

3754
03:32:52,200 --> 03:32:54,600
news of Cyrus's death Unleashed 
grief. 

3755
03:32:54,600 --> 03:32:58,100
He had reigned for around three 
decades, forging, the largest 

3756
03:32:58,100 --> 03:33:01,800
Empire, the region at witnessed 
Even many respondents felt 

3757
03:33:01,800 --> 03:33:05,500
useful sorrow in Babylon. 
Priests who previously lauded 

3758
03:33:05,500 --> 03:33:08,600
him as Maddox chosen recognized 
that a new chapter approached 

3759
03:33:08,600 --> 03:33:12,900
under can be sees his shadow in 
Southwestern Persia folktale. 

3760
03:33:12,900 --> 03:33:15,100
Circulated praising farthest 
Cyrus. 

3761
03:33:15,100 --> 03:33:19,400
Who delivered them from median? 
Oppression ionian Greeks though.

3762
03:33:19,400 --> 03:33:21,200
Not always content with Persian 
rule. 

3763
03:33:21,200 --> 03:33:24,100
Ironically expressed more 
respect for Cyrus than for 

3764
03:33:24,100 --> 03:33:28,300
subsequent Kings praising, his 
measured approach Cyrus's body. 

3765
03:33:28,300 --> 03:33:31,700
Presumably recovered from the 
battlefield was laid in a tomb 

3766
03:33:31,700 --> 03:33:35,100
in posadi a site. 
He had chosen earlier Ancient 

3767
03:33:35,100 --> 03:33:36,900
Travellers described it as a 
simple. 

3768
03:33:36,900 --> 03:33:41,000
Yet, dignified structure with a 
gabled roof, overshadowed by 

3769
03:33:41,000 --> 03:33:43,800
know, elaborate Temple. 
But set him at a garden in 

3770
03:33:43,800 --> 03:33:47,700
subsequent errors, every Persian
king revered that tomb, ensuring

3771
03:33:47,700 --> 03:33:50,300
none. 
Defiled it, Alexander the Great 

3772
03:33:50,300 --> 03:33:53,100
centuries. 
Later visited and reportedly 

3773
03:33:53,100 --> 03:33:54,900
found the tomb with a simple 
inscription. 

3774
03:33:54,900 --> 03:33:58,700
Cyrus as the founder of an 
Empire summoning, the reflection

3775
03:33:58,700 --> 03:34:03,500
that every conqueror, no matter 
how gramd meets mortality, That 

3776
03:34:03,500 --> 03:34:06,900
tomb, though, occasionally 
looted on neglected endures in 

3777
03:34:06,908 --> 03:34:10,200
partial ruins, a quiet Testament
to amounts of ephemeral. 

3778
03:34:10,200 --> 03:34:13,500
Hold on a vast territory. 
His death on settled, the 

3779
03:34:13,500 --> 03:34:16,700
monarchies immediate stability, 
Can be says the second. 

3780
03:34:16,700 --> 03:34:20,300
Embarked on expansions into 
Egypt, overshadowing, local, 

3781
03:34:20,300 --> 03:34:24,300
satrap tensions, the memory of 
Cyrus however never dissipated 

3782
03:34:24,300 --> 03:34:28,800
each subsequent Persian ruler 
from campuses to Darius, Tres 

3783
03:34:28,800 --> 03:34:32,600
legitimacy to Cyrus's lineage 
They credited him with forging. 

3784
03:34:32,600 --> 03:34:35,100
A national identity that 
encompassed diverse, languages, 

3785
03:34:35,100 --> 03:34:39,100
faiths, and social Customs under
a unified administrative 

3786
03:34:39,100 --> 03:34:43,100
framework in every corner of the
Empire, from the ionian shore, 

3787
03:34:43,100 --> 03:34:45,900
to the Indus Valley. 
The idea of the king of kings 

3788
03:34:45,900 --> 03:34:48,300
who protected, local Traditions,
while demanding loyalty 

3789
03:34:48,300 --> 03:34:50,300
remained, a Cornerstone of 
Imperial ideology. 

3790
03:34:51,400 --> 03:34:54,500
Cyrus, Even In Absentia, 
overshadowed, the realm with his

3791
03:34:54,500 --> 03:34:56,100
moral lace approached to 
rulership. 

3792
03:34:57,000 --> 03:35:00,600
The dynasty that Cyrus initiated
endured for two centuries 

3793
03:35:00,600 --> 03:35:03,700
overshadowed, eventually by 
Alexander's Conquest in the 

3794
03:35:03,700 --> 03:35:07,800
fourth Century, BC e, yet even 
as Alexander marched across the 

3795
03:35:07,800 --> 03:35:11,100
Persian Empire. 
Local memory of Cyrus spurred, a

3796
03:35:11,100 --> 03:35:14,400
measure of pride in unity. 
Some communities upon 

3797
03:35:14,400 --> 03:35:17,800
Alexander's, arrival recounted, 
how Cyrus had first liberated 

3798
03:35:17,800 --> 03:35:21,300
them from repressive rule. 
Alexander intrigued by these 

3799
03:35:21,300 --> 03:35:27,300
accounts visited Cyrus's tomb, 
pasargadae in 3:30 BCE And 

3800
03:35:27,300 --> 03:35:30,800
eyewitness described the tomb as
humble yet dignified with a 

3801
03:35:30,800 --> 03:35:33,400
stone chamber and the remains 
resting on a golden beer. 

3802
03:35:34,300 --> 03:35:37,000
Alexander allegedly ordered 
repairs after discovering the 

3803
03:35:37,000 --> 03:35:39,500
tomb rifled by unscrupulous 
soldiers. 

3804
03:35:39,500 --> 03:35:43,600
This gesture signified, How 
Deeply Cyrus's reputation for 

3805
03:35:43,600 --> 03:35:46,700
magnanimous leadership. 
Struck even his Empires eventual

3806
03:35:46,700 --> 03:35:51,000
conqueror Greek sources like 
xenophon syrup further 

3807
03:35:51,000 --> 03:35:54,500
Amplified, Cyrus's Legacy, 
xenophon depicted him as an 

3808
03:35:54,500 --> 03:35:59,500
exemplary ruler wise, just and 
beloved by Soldier and subject 

3809
03:35:59,500 --> 03:36:01,300
alike. 
Scholars debate. 

3810
03:36:01,300 --> 03:36:04,700
How factual xenophon's portrayal
is some seat, as half moral 

3811
03:36:04,700 --> 03:36:08,900
treated, half historical novel 
but the Serpa shaped Weston 

3812
03:36:08,900 --> 03:36:10,800
ideas of King ship, 
overshadowing alternative 

3813
03:36:10,800 --> 03:36:14,300
narratives Roman thinkers like 
Cicero or Machiavelli. 

3814
03:36:14,300 --> 03:36:16,700
Cited Cyrus as a model for Weis.
Monarchy. 

3815
03:36:17,300 --> 03:36:20,500
Indeed, the phrase benevolent 
conqueror found perhaps its 

3816
03:36:20,500 --> 03:36:22,800
earliest champion and how Greeks
were cast him. 

3817
03:36:23,600 --> 03:36:27,400
The reality of his campaigns 
like forcibly subduing, Lydia or

3818
03:36:27,400 --> 03:36:30,600
merciless battles in the East 
fell into the background in 

3819
03:36:30,600 --> 03:36:33,800
these moral sketches. 
Meanwhile, in later Persian 

3820
03:36:33,800 --> 03:36:36,800
tradition Cyrus emerged, almost 
as a cultural hero, 

3821
03:36:36,800 --> 03:36:41,200
overshadowing even Darius in 
terms of moral reverence some 

3822
03:36:41,200 --> 03:36:43,600
medieval Islamic scholars wrote 
of him as due. 

3823
03:36:43,600 --> 03:36:47,400
Alkane the two horned one in 
certain interpretive Traditions,

3824
03:36:47,400 --> 03:36:51,100
linking him to a figure in the 
Quran who travelled widely and 

3825
03:36:51,100 --> 03:36:53,300
overcame great challenges 
though. 

3826
03:36:53,300 --> 03:36:56,400
Not universally accepted that 
Association underscored how 

3827
03:36:56,400 --> 03:36:58,500
widely His Image ranged and 
cultural memory. 

3828
03:36:59,300 --> 03:37:02,100
People in West Asia recognized 
him as a champion of religious 

3829
03:37:02,100 --> 03:37:05,400
tolerance referencing. 
The famed cylinder in which he 

3830
03:37:05,400 --> 03:37:09,100
declared marduk's blessing. 
Others found in him, an early 

3831
03:37:09,100 --> 03:37:12,800
blueprint for Empire Building 
balance by moral code during the

3832
03:37:12,800 --> 03:37:16,100
Renaissance in Europe, renewed 
interest in classical texts. 

3833
03:37:16,100 --> 03:37:19,700
Revived Cyrus's story again, 
overshadowed, though it was by 

3834
03:37:19,700 --> 03:37:23,500
more immediate local concerns. 
Prince's might glance at Zenfone

3835
03:37:23,500 --> 03:37:26,500
treated, as an allegory for how 
to rule with both Justice and 

3836
03:37:26,500 --> 03:37:31,200
might in the 18th century in 
Enlightenment and thinkers 2 

3837
03:37:31,200 --> 03:37:34,100
reference to him, while 
discussing Universal monarchy or

3838
03:37:34,100 --> 03:37:37,500
the philosophy of Tolerance. 
Voltaire, for instance, 

3839
03:37:37,500 --> 03:37:41,400
occasionally invoked Cyrus as an
example of a more enlightened 

3840
03:37:41,400 --> 03:37:44,700
conqueror compared to the brutal
expansions of certain European 

3841
03:37:44,700 --> 03:37:47,900
Empires. 
Yet ironically the earliest 

3842
03:37:47,900 --> 03:37:50,000
archaeological Revelations about
Cyrus. 

3843
03:37:50,700 --> 03:37:53,800
Such as the unearthing of the 
Cyrus cylinder in 1879 

3844
03:37:53,800 --> 03:37:57,600
reaffirmed, that the Persian 
kings of Tolerance weren't 

3845
03:37:57,600 --> 03:38:00,900
purely myth, that artifact 
discovered in the ruins of 

3846
03:38:00,900 --> 03:38:05,100
Babylon, inscribed in akkadian. 
Cuneiform outlines, how Cyrus 

3847
03:38:05,100 --> 03:38:08,400
restored shrines and returned 
people to their homelands. 

3848
03:38:09,300 --> 03:38:11,800
The cylinder stands as one of 
History's, earliest known 

3849
03:38:11,800 --> 03:38:13,400
Declaration of religious 
freedom. 

3850
03:38:13,400 --> 03:38:17,100
Overshadowing older examples 
that typically validated 

3851
03:38:17,100 --> 03:38:20,300
conquests with deities, but 
rarely promised a pressed 

3852
03:38:20,300 --> 03:38:24,000
people's new liberties 
historians debate, the precise 

3853
03:38:24,000 --> 03:38:27,600
context, maybe it was partly 
propaganda to legitimize his new

3854
03:38:27,600 --> 03:38:30,400
rule, but it remains a striking 
departure from the standard 

3855
03:38:30,400 --> 03:38:32,400
Force to simulation typical of 
the era. 

3856
03:38:33,300 --> 03:38:36,600
Modern Iranians view Cyrus with 
a blend of national pride and 

3857
03:38:36,600 --> 03:38:38,100
Fascination. 
Some. 

3858
03:38:38,100 --> 03:38:40,400
See him as a unifying. 
Father figure of the Iranian 

3859
03:38:40,400 --> 03:38:43,800
identity overshadowing, the 
fractiousness of medieval and 

3860
03:38:43,808 --> 03:38:46,600
modern periods. 
Even secular nationalists in the

3861
03:38:46,600 --> 03:38:49,600
20th, century embraced him as a 
symbol of a culturally Rich 

3862
03:38:49,600 --> 03:38:53,800
tolerant heritage. 
For instance, the Shah of Iran 

3863
03:38:53,800 --> 03:38:57,500
in 1971, staged a massive 
ceremonial event at the several.

3864
03:38:57,500 --> 03:39:01,000
Sepali referencing Cyrus as the 
Empire's founder this 

3865
03:39:01,000 --> 03:39:04,200
Extravaganza. 
Ironically, overshadowed by a 

3866
03:39:04,200 --> 03:39:07,600
modern discontent showed how 
deeply as memory resonated. 

3867
03:39:08,400 --> 03:39:11,100
Revolutionaries later disdain, 
the monarchy's appropriation of 

3868
03:39:11,100 --> 03:39:14,700
ancient glories, but not 
necessarily disclaiming Cyrus's 

3869
03:39:14,700 --> 03:39:18,000
historical, significance. 
One underexplored angle is the 

3870
03:39:18,000 --> 03:39:20,200
possibility that Cyrus is style 
of leadership. 

3871
03:39:20,200 --> 03:39:22,700
Strongly influenced, how 
subsequent Middle Eastern Powers

3872
03:39:22,700 --> 03:39:25,800
approached Empire. 
The notion that subjugated 

3873
03:39:25,800 --> 03:39:29,300
people might keep their local 
laws worship and aristocracies 

3874
03:39:29,300 --> 03:39:31,500
in exchange for paying tribute 
and remaining loyalist 

3875
03:39:31,500 --> 03:39:35,000
established a precedent. 
The Ottoman Empire centuries. 

3876
03:39:35,000 --> 03:39:39,200
Later had a millet system that 
rang with Echoes of Cyrus's 

3877
03:39:39,200 --> 03:39:41,800
approach. 
This overshadowing Legacy 

3878
03:39:41,800 --> 03:39:45,800
remained subtle yet persistent 
thus, Cyrus's story flows across

3879
03:39:45,800 --> 03:39:49,400
epochs from a child rumored to 
have escaped, an execution order

3880
03:39:49,400 --> 03:39:54,100
to a cunning statement uniting, 
Persians and midaz to a 

3881
03:39:54,100 --> 03:39:55,400
conqueror. 
Forging an Empire that 

3882
03:39:55,400 --> 03:39:58,900
overshadowed old Regional 
politics culminating in a 

3883
03:39:58,900 --> 03:40:00,700
cultural hero for multiple 
civilizations. 

3884
03:40:01,800 --> 03:40:05,100
Ichiro reinterprets him, some 
extolling him as the ultimate 

3885
03:40:05,100 --> 03:40:08,500
wise, King, others cautioning 
that the realities of Conquest, 

3886
03:40:08,500 --> 03:40:12,400
always bear a darker side but no
matter how the narrative shifts 

3887
03:40:12,400 --> 03:40:15,500
the essential thread is that of 
a man forging a novel Empire 

3888
03:40:15,500 --> 03:40:18,700
with broad tolerance 
overshadowing the archaic 

3889
03:40:18,700 --> 03:40:22,000
tyranny or Petty squabbling that
proceeded him and leaving a 

3890
03:40:22,000 --> 03:40:24,900
blueprint that outlived the 
ephemeral politics of the day. 

3891
03:40:25,600 --> 03:40:28,500
When we examine how Cyrus 
governed, the structure of his 

3892
03:40:28,500 --> 03:40:31,800
Empire stands out instead of 
imposing personal officials 

3893
03:40:31,800 --> 03:40:35,200
everywhere, he created, 
satrapies granting, local 

3894
03:40:35,200 --> 03:40:37,300
Elites, some autonomy. 
So long as they pledged 

3895
03:40:37,300 --> 03:40:41,200
Allegiance, and taxes to the 
great king, Each satrap managed,

3896
03:40:41,200 --> 03:40:44,700
daily Affairs, overshadowed only
by the king's Authority, and 

3897
03:40:44,700 --> 03:40:47,900
roving inspectors called the 
eyes and ears of the king. 

3898
03:40:47,900 --> 03:40:52,200
This system reduced Rebellion 
likely Hood as local Customs 

3899
03:40:52,200 --> 03:40:56,100
largely stayed intact. the 
difference from older Empires, 

3900
03:40:56,100 --> 03:40:59,800
like the Assyrians, who often 
deported population's or used 

3901
03:40:59,800 --> 03:41:04,200
Terror attacks was striking, 
People recognized a new brand of

3902
03:41:04,200 --> 03:41:06,700
rules where a assimilation, 
demanded fewer. 

3903
03:41:06,700 --> 03:41:09,600
Forced migration and more 
recognition of local identity 

3904
03:41:09,600 --> 03:41:13,100
Cyrus's approached to Water 
Management tells a compelling 

3905
03:41:13,100 --> 03:41:17,900
story about in certain arid 
provinces older feuds erupted 

3906
03:41:17,900 --> 03:41:20,900
over irrigation, ditches. 
The Persian Administration 

3907
03:41:20,900 --> 03:41:24,700
introduced consistent oversight,
ensuring Farmland disputes were 

3908
03:41:24,700 --> 03:41:28,400
arbitrated by official judges. 
This reduced local Klan violence

3909
03:41:28,400 --> 03:41:32,800
boosting agricultural output. 
Some speculate that the reason 

3910
03:41:32,800 --> 03:41:36,400
the Empire thrived economically 
was precisely these micro level 

3911
03:41:36,400 --> 03:41:39,900
reforms overshadowing. 
The simpler older pattern of a 

3912
03:41:39,900 --> 03:41:41,600
warlord. 
Merely collecting tribute 

3913
03:41:41,600 --> 03:41:45,600
through intimidation 
diplomatically Cyrus engaged in 

3914
03:41:45,600 --> 03:41:49,300
inter Empire marriages the 
melding of Persian and median. 

3915
03:41:49,300 --> 03:41:53,100
Lines was the earliest example. 
But he also welcomed lydian 

3916
03:41:53,100 --> 03:41:56,900
Aristocrats into his court. 
Forging alliances with families.

3917
03:41:56,900 --> 03:42:01,400
Once loyal to croesus in rare 
cases a princess or daughter 

3918
03:42:01,400 --> 03:42:04,000
from a subdued region. 
Might join the Persian Court. 

3919
03:42:04,700 --> 03:42:07,900
These events over shouted. 
The typical scenario forcibly 

3920
03:42:07,900 --> 03:42:11,500
taking hostages in Stead. 
Cyrus wanted them to partake in 

3921
03:42:11,500 --> 03:42:14,800
the Empire's Splendor, weaving 
them, into a social fabric that 

3922
03:42:14,800 --> 03:42:18,200
dissuaded Rebellion. 
The old hostage system became 

3923
03:42:18,200 --> 03:42:22,000
more subtle shading into an 
inclusive aristocracy, the local

3924
03:42:22,008 --> 03:42:25,000
leaders found new status as part
of the Arca Menards nobility. 

3925
03:42:25,800 --> 03:42:30,000
Spiritually Cyrus's, personal 
faith remains debated. some 

3926
03:42:30,000 --> 03:42:33,300
Modern Iranians claimed him as 
Aurora astronaut, the direct 

3927
03:42:33,300 --> 03:42:36,000
evidence is scare Accident 
sources. 

3928
03:42:36,000 --> 03:42:39,500
Suggest he revered a Hora Mazda 
reflecting zoroastrian 

3929
03:42:39,500 --> 03:42:42,600
influence, but never forced that
worship on diverse Realms. 

3930
03:42:42,600 --> 03:42:46,500
The Cyrus cylinder emphasizes 
marduk's acceptance into 

3931
03:42:46,500 --> 03:42:48,500
Babylon. 
While Greek accounts mentioned 

3932
03:42:48,500 --> 03:42:51,300
that among Persian Elites 
certain rights to the elements 

3933
03:42:51,300 --> 03:42:53,400
like the sky and fire were 
honored. 

3934
03:42:53,400 --> 03:42:56,700
He overshadowed earlier Warlords
by not imposing a single 

3935
03:42:56,700 --> 03:43:00,600
religious identity indeed, many 
credit him with forging an 

3936
03:43:00,600 --> 03:43:01,800
Empire that for centuries, 
maintained. 

3937
03:43:01,800 --> 03:43:05,100
A measure of tolerance for local
temples, overshadowing, the 

3938
03:43:05,100 --> 03:43:08,100
simpler approach of idol 
smashing or forced conversions. 

3939
03:43:09,000 --> 03:43:11,800
Cyrus's Persona in the eyes of 
Greek, contemporaries varied 

3940
03:43:11,800 --> 03:43:15,400
some depicted him as a gentle 
Father Figure others found him 

3941
03:43:15,400 --> 03:43:18,700
cunning exploiting tolerance 
only to keep rebellious Hearts 

3942
03:43:18,700 --> 03:43:22,800
subdued in ionian, Greek City, 
State's certain segments, 

3943
03:43:22,800 --> 03:43:25,900
admired him for topping, Lydia's
creases who had overshadowed 

3944
03:43:25,900 --> 03:43:30,200
them, ironically forging a 
liberator narrative But I only 

3945
03:43:30,200 --> 03:43:33,100
an elite soon. 
Realized Persian Susan had its 

3946
03:43:33,100 --> 03:43:36,400
demands. 
Tribute garrisons and 

3947
03:43:36,400 --> 03:43:39,000
complicated negotiations of the 
wanted to maintain local 

3948
03:43:39,000 --> 03:43:41,600
autonomy. 
Despite celebrating their 

3949
03:43:41,600 --> 03:43:43,600
commercial expansion under 
Persian rule. 

3950
03:43:43,600 --> 03:43:47,200
The ionian elites were vigilant 
for potential changes in the 

3951
03:43:47,200 --> 03:43:50,300
Imperial stance. 
Perhaps the most surprising 

3952
03:43:50,300 --> 03:43:53,100
Dimension is, how Cyrus never 
crowned himself with an 

3953
03:43:53,100 --> 03:43:56,400
elaborate New Riegel title. 
Akin to emperor of all lands 

3954
03:43:56,400 --> 03:43:58,900
instead. 
He used older Traditions, like 

3955
03:43:58,900 --> 03:44:02,800
king of anshan King of the 
meters and Persians, or king of 

3956
03:44:02,800 --> 03:44:04,900
Babylon in official 
inscriptions. 

3957
03:44:04,900 --> 03:44:08,800
Linking them in a chain that 
overshadowed old rivalries each 

3958
03:44:08,800 --> 03:44:12,000
region, saw him, a successor to 
its last legitimate monarchy. 

3959
03:44:12,700 --> 03:44:14,600
This acceptance across diverse 
lands. 

3960
03:44:14,600 --> 03:44:16,200
Is a reasonably Empire 
stabilized? 

3961
03:44:16,200 --> 03:44:19,700
Swiftly, overshadowing typical 
post Conquest chaos. 

3962
03:44:20,400 --> 03:44:23,300
The Synergy of recognized King 
ship and practical policies. 

3963
03:44:23,300 --> 03:44:27,000
Prevented many local revolts 
even in the Eastern, Frontiers 

3964
03:44:27,000 --> 03:44:30,500
only the fiercely independent 
steppe tribes remained wholly, 

3965
03:44:30,500 --> 03:44:34,300
Beyond easiest assimilation. 
Modern archaeologists rummaging 

3966
03:44:34,300 --> 03:44:39,700
through sights. 
Like Pasadena's tributing, Grand

3967
03:44:39,700 --> 03:44:43,400
titles and praising Cyrus's 
benevolence However, they also 

3968
03:44:43,400 --> 03:44:46,100
find glimpses of force tribute 
on script. 

3969
03:44:46,100 --> 03:44:49,600
Labor reminding us that no 
Empire extends without cost. 

3970
03:44:50,500 --> 03:44:53,400
The difference is that Cyrus 
balanced typical harshness with 

3971
03:44:53,400 --> 03:44:57,200
broader leniency instead of mass
and slave-men or forced 

3972
03:44:57,200 --> 03:44:59,400
relocations. 
He practiced strategic 

3973
03:44:59,400 --> 03:45:03,100
generosity A city that 
surrendered might keep its local

3974
03:45:03,100 --> 03:45:06,200
Council paying only partial 
tributes for a time. 

3975
03:45:06,200 --> 03:45:10,800
A rebellious region once subdued
found him open to restitution if

3976
03:45:10,800 --> 03:45:12,700
they accepted Imperial 
suzerainty. 

3977
03:45:13,600 --> 03:45:17,600
This pattern repeated across 
Anatolia Mesopotamia and Beyond 

3978
03:45:17,600 --> 03:45:20,600
forging an Empire that outlived 
him by centuries. 

3979
03:45:20,600 --> 03:45:24,200
One wonders how the world might 
have changed had Cyrus not died 

3980
03:45:24,200 --> 03:45:27,400
in that Eastern campaign. 
Perhaps he'd have established a 

3981
03:45:27,400 --> 03:45:30,200
definitive Capital, bridging 
Persian and Mesopotamian 

3982
03:45:30,200 --> 03:45:33,000
Aesthetics. 
He might have expanded further 

3983
03:45:33,000 --> 03:45:35,900
into the industry region, 
overshadowing future expansion 

3984
03:45:35,900 --> 03:45:38,500
by Darius. 
The abruptness of his death 

3985
03:45:38,500 --> 03:45:39,900
left. 
Many of those, what ifs 

3986
03:45:39,900 --> 03:45:42,900
unresolved? 
Yet, his blueprint was so robust

3987
03:45:42,900 --> 03:45:46,700
that successes like can buy seas
and or Darius this built upon 

3988
03:45:46,700 --> 03:45:49,500
its seamlessly. 
Rarely discarding the system of 

3989
03:45:49,500 --> 03:45:51,800
satrapies or the approach to 
local autonomy. 

3990
03:45:52,400 --> 03:45:55,500
This continuity underscores How 
Deeply Cyrus's approach was 

3991
03:45:55,500 --> 03:45:58,400
woven in to the Empire's Bedrock
his policies. 

3992
03:45:58,400 --> 03:46:01,700
Akin to the reformed water 
channels, permeated, the 

3993
03:46:01,700 --> 03:46:04,600
Imperial veins surpassing the 
fleeting preferences of 

3994
03:46:04,600 --> 03:46:08,000
subsequent kings in the 
centuries, following Cyrus's 

3995
03:46:08,000 --> 03:46:11,700
Empire wave after wave of 
Conquest battled West Asia 

3996
03:46:11,700 --> 03:46:14,600
Alexander's Invasion, the 
solution Empire. 

3997
03:46:14,600 --> 03:46:17,300
The parthians and the sassanian 
dynasty. 

3998
03:46:18,400 --> 03:46:22,000
Each new regime State claims 
over the old heartlands yet. 

3999
03:46:22,000 --> 03:46:25,400
Repeated references to the old 
ways of Cyrus appearing. 

4000
03:46:25,400 --> 03:46:29,900
Local Legends overshadowing 
short-term rule Cyrus's system, 

4001
03:46:29,900 --> 03:46:32,500
became a benchmark for managing 
a multi-ethnic domain. 

4002
03:46:32,500 --> 03:46:37,400
Even the storied House of sasan 
centuries later argued they 

4003
03:46:37,400 --> 03:46:41,300
recaptured the spirit of a 
Pearman monarchy their coinage 

4004
03:46:41,300 --> 03:46:44,600
or Rock relief sometimes invoked
motifs reminiscent of Cyrus's 

4005
03:46:44,600 --> 03:46:47,700
era overshadowed by a new 
version of Persian identity. 

4006
03:46:48,700 --> 03:46:51,400
That cyclical pattern of 
referencing Cyrus indicates. 

4007
03:46:51,400 --> 03:46:54,300
He was not just a fleeting 
conqueror, but a permanent 

4008
03:46:54,300 --> 03:46:59,100
archetype. outside the Middle 
East, Greek authors, transmitted

4009
03:46:59,100 --> 03:47:03,800
update to an idealized account 
Culminating in xenophon's, Kira 

4010
03:47:03,800 --> 03:47:07,000
pedia which painted Cyrus as a 
paragon of kingly virtue. 

4011
03:47:08,300 --> 03:47:11,900
Over the next two Millennia that
text influence statement from 

4012
03:47:11,900 --> 03:47:14,600
Machiavelli to the founding 
fathers of the United States. 

4013
03:47:15,400 --> 03:47:18,800
They gleaned from it lessons on 
balancing fear and love forging 

4014
03:47:18,800 --> 03:47:23,300
alliances and uniting diverse 
people's Ironically, the real 

4015
03:47:23,300 --> 03:47:26,200
Cyrus might have been more 
pragmatic and occasionally 

4016
03:47:26,200 --> 03:47:28,000
ruthless than xenophon's moral 
hero. 

4017
03:47:28,000 --> 03:47:32,000
But the overshadowing effect of 
the text shaped Weston political

4018
03:47:32,000 --> 03:47:34,900
thought Early. 
Modern Europe's fascination. 

4019
03:47:34,900 --> 03:47:38,200
With enlightened absolutism 
found in Cyrus a distant model. 

4020
03:47:38,200 --> 03:47:41,900
Someone who overcame fractious 
Petty Lords by imposing a 

4021
03:47:41,900 --> 03:47:45,500
central Authority, tempered by 
tolerance. back in his homeland 

4022
03:47:45,500 --> 03:47:50,600
Tomb at pasahod, endured storms 
and conquests overshadowing 

4023
03:47:50,600 --> 03:47:55,100
ephemeral shrines when Alexander
visited, he left it intact, 

4024
03:47:55,100 --> 03:47:59,300
later, pathian, or sasanian 
Kings though, not worshipers of 

4025
03:47:59,300 --> 03:48:02,800
Cyrus recognized the tomb, 
significance as a link to an 

4026
03:48:02,800 --> 03:48:06,900
illustrious Iranian heritage 
Under the Muslim Conquest. 

4027
03:48:06,900 --> 03:48:11,000
Centuries later Legends 
persisted around the tomb some 

4028
03:48:11,000 --> 03:48:15,400
calling it. 
Carbon a man of Solomon's mother

4029
03:48:15,400 --> 03:48:18,800
though the local population like
kept the memory that it was 

4030
03:48:18,808 --> 03:48:23,000
Cyrus's final resting place. 
Rare travelers from Venetian 

4031
03:48:23,000 --> 03:48:26,300
Merchants to ottoman, envoys 
occasionally documented, a 

4032
03:48:26,300 --> 03:48:28,800
solitary Tower like structure in
the Iranian Plateau, 

4033
03:48:28,800 --> 03:48:31,200
overshadowed by know massive 
City. 

4034
03:48:32,000 --> 03:48:35,600
Inside Lane inscriptions or 
faint, carvings referencing, a 

4035
03:48:35,600 --> 03:48:38,900
king who wants bestowed. 
The region like a Colossus in 

4036
03:48:38,900 --> 03:48:42,500
the 20th century as modern. 
Iranian nationalism, stirred 

4037
03:48:42,500 --> 03:48:47,100
Cyrus's memory was rehabilitated
as an emblem of national unity 

4038
03:48:47,100 --> 03:48:50,700
in his historical grandia. 
Razor sharp pallavi visited 

4039
03:48:50,700 --> 03:48:53,200
pasaga. 
Staging ceremonies that 

4040
03:48:53,200 --> 03:48:54,900
overshadowed, the sights 
archaeological. 

4041
03:48:54,900 --> 03:48:57,900
Hush the monarchy sought 
symbolic links to an ancient 

4042
03:48:57,908 --> 03:49:01,500
lineage championing Cyrus's 
cylinder as an early human 

4043
03:49:01,500 --> 03:49:04,700
rights Charter. 
This overshadowed complexities 

4044
03:49:04,700 --> 03:49:07,800
like the Imperial nature of his 
conquests, but offered a 

4045
03:49:07,800 --> 03:49:10,200
rallying point for Iranian 
identity, even 

4046
03:49:10,200 --> 03:49:13,700
post-revolutionary Iran while 
reinterpreting pre-islamic 

4047
03:49:13,700 --> 03:49:17,000
glories, cannot fully disregard 
Cyrus's significance. 

4048
03:49:17,000 --> 03:49:19,900
Pilgrim. 
Still come some quietly leaving 

4049
03:49:19,900 --> 03:49:22,700
Flowers by the tomb to honor. 
The father of the Persian realm 

4050
03:49:22,700 --> 03:49:26,600
overshadowing theological 
differences, In the global 

4051
03:49:26,600 --> 03:49:28,800
sphere. 
The Cyrus cylinder tours. 

4052
03:49:28,800 --> 03:49:31,700
Museums sparking discussions on 
religious tolerance. 

4053
03:49:31,700 --> 03:49:34,800
Good governance and The 
Narrative of enlightened Empire.

4054
03:49:36,000 --> 03:49:38,200
Some critics caution. 
That while the cylinder reveals 

4055
03:49:38,200 --> 03:49:41,300
a progressive tone for its era, 
we shouldn't enact chronically 

4056
03:49:41,300 --> 03:49:45,500
label Cyrus on, Modern Democrat.
He was after all and absolute 

4057
03:49:45,500 --> 03:49:48,600
monarch nonetheless. 
The overshadowing message of 

4058
03:49:48,600 --> 03:49:52,600
lenient returning, Exiles, stand
out in a time when many ancient 

4059
03:49:52,600 --> 03:49:54,400
conquerors pillaged and 
enslaved. 

4060
03:49:55,100 --> 03:49:58,100
Indeed, the notion of a state 
respecting, local gods and 

4061
03:49:58,108 --> 03:49:59,900
temples was Radical for the 
period. 

4062
03:50:00,800 --> 03:50:03,300
Yet, it's not as if Cyrus 
overcame all cruelty. 

4063
03:50:03,300 --> 03:50:06,900
In certain provinces that 
resisted the Persian armies 

4064
03:50:06,900 --> 03:50:10,100
could be ruthless using Siege 
tactics to Star City 

4065
03:50:10,100 --> 03:50:13,800
populations, but once victory 
was secured the mercy or 

4066
03:50:13,800 --> 03:50:16,700
acceptance of local practices. 
Overshadowed total subjugation 

4067
03:50:17,700 --> 03:50:19,700
Scholars highlight that such a 
measured approach. 

4068
03:50:19,700 --> 03:50:23,100
Likely, prevented constant 
revolts people under Persian 

4069
03:50:23,100 --> 03:50:26,100
rule, might pay taxes and serve 
in the army that they kept 

4070
03:50:26,100 --> 03:50:29,100
shrines, local councils, and a 
measure of cultural autonomy. 

4071
03:50:30,000 --> 03:50:32,800
This delicate, interplay formed,
the Empire's, core strength, 

4072
03:50:32,800 --> 03:50:36,800
overshadowing older Mesopotamian
or Neo Assyrian methods reliant 

4073
03:50:36,800 --> 03:50:40,100
on sheer Terror. 
As we revisit Cyrus's life, in 

4074
03:50:40,100 --> 03:50:42,800
total, we see an interplay of 
Epic achievements. 

4075
03:50:42,800 --> 03:50:45,900
And ephemeral, mortality, he 
rose from a rumored near in 

4076
03:50:45,908 --> 03:50:49,500
fantasy side to forging a realm,
from the Aegean to Eastern Iran 

4077
03:50:49,500 --> 03:50:52,700
overshadowing Kings, who wants 
boasted on a sable. 

4078
03:50:52,700 --> 03:50:55,700
Might yet. 
He too succumb to the hazards of

4079
03:50:55,700 --> 03:50:59,900
Frontier Warfare, the Grand 
Empire remained By his 

4080
03:50:59,900 --> 03:51:03,100
administrative blueprint 
overshadowing, the ephemeral 

4081
03:51:03,100 --> 03:51:07,300
nature of any single mortal. 
Even in death, he overshadowed 

4082
03:51:07,300 --> 03:51:10,200
the typical memory of Warlords 
by becoming a cherished Legend 

4083
03:51:10,200 --> 03:51:14,400
in multiple cultures. 
The cyclical references to Cyrus

4084
03:51:14,400 --> 03:51:18,800
over Millennia by Greeks, Romans
Iranians, and modern Statesmen. 

4085
03:51:18,800 --> 03:51:22,000
Affirm that the imprint he left 
on governance and tolerance was 

4086
03:51:22,000 --> 03:51:24,800
never fully erased. 
Overshadowing the typical 

4087
03:51:24,800 --> 03:51:28,700
ephemeral Conquest that vanished
into dust reflecting on Cyrus 

4088
03:51:28,700 --> 03:51:31,600
the Great's Journey. 
A picture emerges of a ruler who

4089
03:51:31,608 --> 03:51:35,700
both embodies the archetype of 
ancient conqueror and subverts 

4090
03:51:35,700 --> 03:51:38,400
it. 
His life, Bridging, the mid 6th 

4091
03:51:38,400 --> 03:51:41,700
Century, BCE shaped an enduring 
Empire that overshadowed 

4092
03:51:41,700 --> 03:51:45,500
ephemeral local kingdoms. 
He fused compassionate with 

4093
03:51:45,500 --> 03:51:49,300
power forging, a blueprint of 
rule that soared Beyond typical 

4094
03:51:49,300 --> 03:51:53,100
tyranny, used violence to 
conquer and woven multi-ethnic 

4095
03:51:53,100 --> 03:51:57,100
fabric under the academy. 
In the swirl of centuries, 

4096
03:51:57,100 --> 03:51:59,000
intangible threads of his 
approach. 

4097
03:51:59,000 --> 03:52:03,100
Satrapies cultural respect and 
integrated Administration 

4098
03:52:03,100 --> 03:52:07,300
surface repeatedly in later. 
State's governance, take for 

4099
03:52:07,300 --> 03:52:10,500
instance, the phenomenon of 
repatriating exiled, people's 

4100
03:52:10,500 --> 03:52:14,000
the Hebrew text describing 
Cyrus's decree for the judeans 

4101
03:52:14,000 --> 03:52:16,600
to rebuild their Temple 
highlighter, radical departure 

4102
03:52:16,600 --> 03:52:20,900
from Norms Empires often, Excel 
population's to Quail Rebellion.

4103
03:52:21,600 --> 03:52:24,900
Cyrus reversed that policy 
overshadowing earlier cruelty 

4104
03:52:24,900 --> 03:52:27,600
with the stance that returning 
exiled groups, might yield 

4105
03:52:27,600 --> 03:52:30,900
gratitude. 
This perspective resonates in 

4106
03:52:30,900 --> 03:52:32,600
modern dialogues about religious
freedom. 

4107
03:52:32,600 --> 03:52:36,500
Indeed, some interpret, the 
cylinders references to various 

4108
03:52:36,500 --> 03:52:39,100
shrines as an early Charter of 
Rights though. 

4109
03:52:39,100 --> 03:52:41,500
Historians caution about 
overstating it as a universal 

4110
03:52:41,500 --> 03:52:44,000
human rights document. 
The overshadowing principle 

4111
03:52:44,000 --> 03:52:47,600
remains for the 6th Century BCE.
It was remarkably 

4112
03:52:47,600 --> 03:52:51,400
forward-thinking Consider all 
the architecture of Pasadena 

4113
03:52:51,400 --> 03:52:55,700
Cyrus's Capital known for its 
symmetrical Gardens and a design

4114
03:52:55,700 --> 03:52:59,500
mixing median elamite and local 
Persian Styles. 

4115
03:52:59,500 --> 03:53:02,700
It overshadowed simplistic 
Fortress cities of older times. 

4116
03:53:03,500 --> 03:53:06,400
Greek visitors centuries later. 
Found it distinctively Airy and 

4117
03:53:06,408 --> 03:53:10,100
open as if the city lay out 
reflected Cyrus's inclusive 

4118
03:53:10,100 --> 03:53:13,800
policies, the tomb there. 
So unpretentious yet dignified. 

4119
03:53:15,000 --> 03:53:18,400
Peaks volume was about how he 
conceptualized rulership not as 

4120
03:53:18,400 --> 03:53:20,900
an aloof god king. 
But As a caretaker bridging 

4121
03:53:20,900 --> 03:53:24,900
lands, While subsequent palaces 
like persepolis overshadowed 

4122
03:53:24,900 --> 03:53:29,200
Pasadena's, scale the latter's 
multi-ethnic decorative elements

4123
03:53:29,200 --> 03:53:32,000
reveal a microcosm of the entire
synergy. 

4124
03:53:32,900 --> 03:53:35,600
Final puzzle is whether we can 
glean Cyrus's personal 

4125
03:53:35,600 --> 03:53:37,600
temperament behind the annals 
and legends. 

4126
03:53:38,300 --> 03:53:40,800
Greek sources paint him. 
As kindly though, they were 

4127
03:53:40,800 --> 03:53:43,100
motivated to highlight the good 
Oriental King. 

4128
03:53:44,000 --> 03:53:46,900
The Babylonian Chronicle calls 
him, the chosen of Marduk 

4129
03:53:46,900 --> 03:53:49,400
overshadowing older conquerors, 
who defiled? 

4130
03:53:49,400 --> 03:53:53,600
The city Persian lore emphasizes
his cunning rise from near-death

4131
03:53:53,600 --> 03:53:57,700
infancy different perspectives, 
idealize him likely. 

4132
03:53:57,700 --> 03:54:01,900
The real Cyrus was at times 
ruthless at times merciful and 

4133
03:54:01,900 --> 03:54:05,500
always pragmatic. 
He overrode Petty local Customs 

4134
03:54:05,500 --> 03:54:08,300
when they hindered stable rule 
but mostly let communities 

4135
03:54:08,300 --> 03:54:11,500
maintain their identity. 
He believed that an Empire 

4136
03:54:11,500 --> 03:54:15,000
spanning from Lydia to Gandara 
needed cohesive laws, that 

4137
03:54:15,000 --> 03:54:18,300
flexible local governance. 
That strategic approach 

4138
03:54:18,300 --> 03:54:21,800
overshadowed, simpler warlord, 
tyranny in subsequent, Iranian 

4139
03:54:21,800 --> 03:54:24,800
National Consciousness. 
He emerges as the father of the 

4140
03:54:24,800 --> 03:54:28,100
country, overshadowing the 
ephemeral Wars that battered the

4141
03:54:28,108 --> 03:54:30,500
region. 
The cyclical implication of his 

4142
03:54:30,500 --> 03:54:34,100
name in times of Crisis or 
reform underscores How Deeply he

4143
03:54:34,100 --> 03:54:36,800
impacted the Iranian sense of 
historical continuity. 

4144
03:54:37,600 --> 03:54:40,300
Even diaspora community's 
scattered by centuries of 

4145
03:54:40,300 --> 03:54:43,000
migration, might refer to him as
an emblem of tolerant. 

4146
03:54:43,000 --> 03:54:45,800
Monarchy rare in an age, 
typically remembered for 

4147
03:54:45,800 --> 03:54:48,200
desperate. 
Meanwhile, as the West 

4148
03:54:48,200 --> 03:54:52,100
rediscovered Antiquity outside 
the region, Cyrus a Clips, many 

4149
03:54:52,100 --> 03:54:55,900
lesson known figures emerging In
classical references as a 

4150
03:54:55,900 --> 03:54:58,300
conqueror who maintained his 
moral integrity. 

4151
03:54:59,300 --> 03:55:01,600
From a modern Viewpoint, we 
might weigh whether his 

4152
03:55:01,600 --> 03:55:04,900
expansions cause moral, 
dissonance can one hail a 

4153
03:55:04,900 --> 03:55:07,200
conqueror's great, who still 
inflicted Bloodshed on 

4154
03:55:07,200 --> 03:55:09,400
resistors? 
The question spiraled, the 

4155
03:55:09,408 --> 03:55:12,800
ancient world's Norms where Mike
typically equaled, right? 

4156
03:55:13,600 --> 03:55:16,500
The Hallmark of Cyrus was a 
partial departure from that Norm

4157
03:55:16,500 --> 03:55:19,500
applying might, but overlaying 
it with a veneer of diplomacy 

4158
03:55:19,500 --> 03:55:23,100
and local respect that bridging 
stance, singled him out among 

4159
03:55:23,100 --> 03:55:27,200
his peers unlike the more brutal
expansions of the Assyrians or 

4160
03:55:27,200 --> 03:55:29,400
the narrower religious Zeal of 
some later rulers. 

4161
03:55:30,600 --> 03:55:33,100
Perhaps the abiding lesson is 
that leadership emerges from 

4162
03:55:33,100 --> 03:55:36,300
forging alliances across 
boundaries respecting 

4163
03:55:36,300 --> 03:55:38,100
differences. 
While forging common Kors. 

4164
03:55:38,100 --> 03:55:45,400
Cyrus is key achievements 
undiversified Administration 

4165
03:55:45,400 --> 03:55:49,500
didn't revolve solely Around 
Battlefield triumphs They also 

4166
03:55:49,500 --> 03:55:53,500
hinged on compromise negotiation
and an awareness that towering 

4167
03:55:53,500 --> 03:55:56,000
fractions divisions was 
essential to build an Empire 

4168
03:55:56,000 --> 03:55:58,100
that endured Beyond his life 
time. 

4169
03:55:58,100 --> 03:56:02,400
Indeed, though he died in a 
frontier, Skirmish the Empire, 

4170
03:56:02,400 --> 03:56:05,700
scaffolding carried on for 
centuries, the ephemeral nature 

4171
03:56:05,700 --> 03:56:10,100
of any single rulers lifespan. 
And so as we close the pages of 

4172
03:56:10,100 --> 03:56:13,400
Cyrus the Great, we glean an 
image of a man who both 

4173
03:56:13,400 --> 03:56:17,100
harnessed power and recognized 
that an Empire's heartbeat lay 

4174
03:56:17,100 --> 03:56:21,100
in a bridging cultural mosaic. 
He overcame the swirl of petty 

4175
03:56:21,100 --> 03:56:24,600
Wars and I caked tyrannies 
setting an example of pragmatic 

4176
03:56:24,600 --> 03:56:27,500
tolerance. 
In the tapestry of world 

4177
03:56:27,500 --> 03:56:31,500
conquerors some Savage, some 
cunning he stands out for 

4178
03:56:31,500 --> 03:56:33,800
weaving, the threads of 
compassion into Conquest. 

4179
03:56:34,700 --> 03:56:36,400
Showcasing a purely brutal 
approach. 

4180
03:56:37,200 --> 03:56:40,400
The centuries that followed from
Alexander's or to Modern 

4181
03:56:40,400 --> 03:56:44,600
retellings, a firm that his 
Memory Remains luminous an 

4182
03:56:44,600 --> 03:56:47,400
archetype of how Unstoppable 
ambition can be tempered by a 

4183
03:56:47,400 --> 03:56:49,800
genuine concern. 
For the governed, forging an 

4184
03:56:49,808 --> 03:56:52,900
Empire that obliterated old 
patterns and set new standards 

4185
03:56:52,900 --> 03:57:02,600
for rulership. 
You wake before the sun touches 

4186
03:57:02,600 --> 03:57:06,200
the Horizon wrapped in wool 
blankets that smell faintly of 

4187
03:57:06,200 --> 03:57:08,600
wood, smoke and sand. 
The air. 

4188
03:57:08,600 --> 03:57:13,000
Is that particular chill? 
That only deserts know sharp and

4189
03:57:13,000 --> 03:57:16,800
clean making your breath visible
in small clouds. 

4190
03:57:17,600 --> 03:57:20,700
Outside your tent. 
The world exists in shades of 

4191
03:57:20,708 --> 03:57:23,900
deep blue, and purple. 
The Stars still brilliant 

4192
03:57:23,900 --> 03:57:26,200
overhead. 
Despite the approaching Dawn 

4193
03:57:26,200 --> 03:57:30,400
your feet, find your sandals. 
In the darkness leather, warned,

4194
03:57:30,400 --> 03:57:34,400
soft, from months of travel. 
Camp around you stirs with the 

4195
03:57:34,400 --> 03:57:38,900
Quiet Sounds of early risers, 
the soft nickering of camels. 

4196
03:57:38,900 --> 03:57:43,000
The rustle of fabric as someone 
tend to cooking fire and the 

4197
03:57:43,000 --> 03:57:45,700
gentle pour of water into clay 
vessels. 

4198
03:57:46,500 --> 03:57:49,700
You've traveled far to reach 
this place following trade 

4199
03:57:49,700 --> 03:57:52,000
routes that connect the 
Mediterranean to the Arabian 

4200
03:57:52,000 --> 03:57:54,800
Peninsula. 
And today you'll finally see 

4201
03:57:54,800 --> 03:57:57,800
what merchants and travelers 
speak about in hushed reverent 

4202
03:57:57,800 --> 03:58:00,000
tones. 
The first hint of Sunrise 

4203
03:58:00,000 --> 03:58:02,600
appears, as a thin line of gold 
along the eastern mountains. 

4204
03:58:02,600 --> 03:58:05,900
Turning the sky above it, the 
color of rose petals. 

4205
03:58:05,900 --> 03:58:10,100
You stand and stretch feeling 
your muscles are just to the 

4206
03:58:10,100 --> 03:58:11,800
movement after a night on the 
ground. 

4207
03:58:12,800 --> 03:58:17,100
Around you, the desert begins to
reveal itself in layers, Rocky, 

4208
03:58:17,100 --> 03:58:21,400
outcrops emerging from Shadow, 
the pale tracks of last night's 

4209
03:58:21,400 --> 03:58:25,200
Beetle Crossing's visible in the
sand and the distant silhouette 

4210
03:58:25,200 --> 03:58:28,300
of cliffs that seemed to glow 
from within as light touches 

4211
03:58:28,300 --> 03:58:31,100
them a trade from your Caravan 
nods at you. 

4212
03:58:31,100 --> 03:58:34,200
His face already creased with 
smile lines despite the early 

4213
03:58:34,200 --> 03:58:37,900
hour, he gestures toward the 
cliffs with his chin where you 

4214
03:58:37,900 --> 03:58:41,700
can now make out something 
extraordinary, Ark opening's in 

4215
03:58:41,700 --> 03:58:46,400
the rock face two regular to be 
natural Cave's too high to be 

4216
03:58:46,400 --> 03:58:51,800
easily reached. tombs, he tells 
you Though his accent makes the 

4217
03:58:51,800 --> 03:58:55,800
word sound like a song monuments
to the Dead who watch over the 

4218
03:58:55,800 --> 03:58:58,200
living. 
You accept a cup of mint tea 

4219
03:58:58,208 --> 03:59:02,400
from the communal pot warming, 
your hands around the clay, the 

4220
03:59:02,400 --> 03:59:06,000
liquid steams in the cool air 
and the first sips spreads 

4221
03:59:06,000 --> 03:59:08,000
warmth down your throat and into
your chest. 

4222
03:59:09,100 --> 03:59:10,700
Around the fire are The 
Travelers. 

4223
03:59:10,700 --> 03:59:13,300
Gather, some rubbing sleep from 
their eyes. 

4224
03:59:13,300 --> 03:59:16,900
Others already animated with the
excitement of arrival. 

4225
03:59:17,900 --> 03:59:21,700
You've all heard the stories but
stories are just Shadows of 

4226
03:59:21,700 --> 03:59:25,600
reality and reality Waits just 
beyond those Cliffs. 

4227
03:59:25,600 --> 03:59:29,100
The sun breaks free from The 
Horizon properly now, and the 

4228
03:59:29,100 --> 03:59:32,800
transformation is startling 
Cliffs, don't just reflect 

4229
03:59:32,800 --> 03:59:35,800
light. 
They seem to capture it to hold 

4230
03:59:35,800 --> 03:59:40,500
it within the stone itself. 
The Rock glows in shades of pink

4231
03:59:40,500 --> 03:59:45,300
orange and deep Rose. 
Layered like frozen waves in a 

4232
03:59:45,300 --> 03:59:49,700
sea of sandstone You understand.
Now, why people call this the 

4233
03:59:49,700 --> 03:59:51,800
Rose City? 
Though the name feels an 

4234
03:59:51,800 --> 03:59:53,400
adequate for the reality before 
you. 

4235
03:59:53,400 --> 03:59:58,100
The trader shares bred with you 
flat rails baked in the coals 

4236
03:59:58,100 --> 04:00:00,300
last night. 
Still slightly warm. 

4237
04:00:00,300 --> 04:00:04,300
When you tear in to them, the 
texture is chewy and satisfying 

4238
04:00:04,300 --> 04:00:07,900
with a faint smokiness that 
complements the sweet tea 

4239
04:00:07,900 --> 04:00:11,000
perfectly. 
He tells you about his first 

4240
04:00:11,000 --> 04:00:14,900
visit to Petra, 20 years ago, 
when he was barely old enough to

4241
04:00:14,900 --> 04:00:19,400
travel with the Caravans, even 
then he says, even knowing what 

4242
04:00:19,400 --> 04:00:21,500
to expect from his father's 
descriptions. 

4243
04:00:21,500 --> 04:00:23,500
The reality struck him 
speechless. 

4244
04:00:23,500 --> 04:00:26,600
As you finish your tea and 
prepare for the Day's Journey. 

4245
04:00:26,600 --> 04:00:29,600
You notice how the temperature 
shifts quickly from cold to 

4246
04:00:29,600 --> 04:00:31,500
merely cool. 
And, you know, that by 

4247
04:00:31,500 --> 04:00:33,300
afternoon, it will be genuinely 
hot. 

4248
04:00:34,300 --> 04:00:35,900
The desert offers. 
No middle ground. 

4249
04:00:35,900 --> 04:00:38,600
No, gentle transitions. 
It demands. 

4250
04:00:38,600 --> 04:00:41,500
You pay attention. 
Stay present or suffer. 

4251
04:00:41,500 --> 04:00:46,200
The consequences of distraction.
You check your water skin full 

4252
04:00:46,200 --> 04:00:49,400
and heavy and adjust the cloth 
covering your head and neck. 

4253
04:00:50,200 --> 04:00:53,000
The locals have perfected, the 
art of desert clothing, over 

4254
04:00:53,000 --> 04:00:55,900
centuries and you've learned to 
trust their wisdom. 

4255
04:00:55,900 --> 04:00:59,200
The camp begins to break down 
around you with practice 

4256
04:00:59,200 --> 04:01:02,400
efficiency. 
Tents collapse and fold into 

4257
04:01:02,400 --> 04:01:05,900
surprisingly compact. 
Bundles, camels allowed with 

4258
04:01:05,900 --> 04:01:09,700
goods and supplies, complaining 
with their characteristic. 

4259
04:01:09,700 --> 04:01:12,300
Groaning sound that always make 
you smile. 

4260
04:01:13,200 --> 04:01:16,000
These creatures are 
magnificently adapted to Desert 

4261
04:01:16,000 --> 04:01:18,700
life, but apparently evolved 
with without dignity. 

4262
04:01:19,800 --> 04:01:23,100
One camel, nearby Spitz 
dramatically at nothing in 

4263
04:01:23,100 --> 04:01:26,500
particular, just to make a point
about the indignity of being 

4264
04:01:26,500 --> 04:01:30,100
loaded with cargo at this hour, 
you gather your own belongings. 

4265
04:01:31,100 --> 04:01:35,100
Small pack with Essentials, your
water skin and a journal. 

4266
04:01:35,100 --> 04:01:36,500
You've been keeping of your 
travels. 

4267
04:01:37,600 --> 04:01:40,700
The journals pages are already 
filled with sketches and notes 

4268
04:01:40,700 --> 04:01:42,500
from other stops along the trade
routes. 

4269
04:01:42,500 --> 04:01:47,000
The ancient cities of Damascus 
and Palmyra the coastal ports 

4270
04:01:47,000 --> 04:01:50,300
were Mediterranean waves, crash 
against weather docks and the 

4271
04:01:50,308 --> 04:01:53,500
mountain passes were snow still 
clings to Northern slopes even 

4272
04:01:53,500 --> 04:01:56,600
in summer. 
But you've left several Pages, 

4273
04:01:56,600 --> 04:01:59,800
blank for Petra sentencing, 
somehow that this place will 

4274
04:01:59,800 --> 04:02:03,600
require more space, more words 
and more attempts to capture 

4275
04:02:03,600 --> 04:02:05,900
something, fundamentally 
difficult to express. 

4276
04:02:05,900 --> 04:02:09,800
The Caravan Master calls out his
voice carrying across the camp 

4277
04:02:09,800 --> 04:02:13,500
and people begin to gather 
You'll travel together to the 

4278
04:02:13,500 --> 04:02:17,300
entrance of Petra, but once 
their each person will explore 

4279
04:02:17,300 --> 04:02:20,300
at their own pace. 
Summer Merchants, who have been 

4280
04:02:20,300 --> 04:02:22,900
here many times and know exactly
where they're going. 

4281
04:02:23,800 --> 04:02:27,100
Others, like you of visitors 
drawn by curiosity and wonder 

4282
04:02:27,100 --> 04:02:29,800
ready to wander wherever the day
takes. 

4283
04:02:29,800 --> 04:02:33,000
You the walk from the camp to 
Petra's entrance takes perhaps 

4284
04:02:33,000 --> 04:02:35,500
half an hour following a 
well-worn path. 

4285
04:02:35,500 --> 04:02:37,200
That countless feet of traveled 
before. 

4286
04:02:38,400 --> 04:02:42,900
The landscape here is harsh but 
beautiful in its austerity Rocky

4287
04:02:42,900 --> 04:02:47,100
ground dotted with scrub brush 
and the occasional Hardy tree 

4288
04:02:47,100 --> 04:02:48,900
that has found water somewhere 
deep underground. 

4289
04:02:50,300 --> 04:02:53,800
You spot a hawk circling 
overhead riding thermal 

4290
04:02:53,800 --> 04:02:56,300
currents. 
With barely a wingbeat scanning 

4291
04:02:56,300 --> 04:02:59,800
the ground for breakfast. 
As you walk, the trader tells 

4292
04:02:59,800 --> 04:03:03,000
you more about the Napa Tans, 
the people who built this city. 

4293
04:03:03,000 --> 04:03:06,400
They were Arabs, originally 
nomadic traders, who settled 

4294
04:03:06,400 --> 04:03:08,900
here and transformed themselves 
into Master Builders and 

4295
04:03:08,900 --> 04:03:12,500
engineers. 
The frankincense and my trade 

4296
04:03:12,500 --> 04:03:15,200
routes from Arabia to the 
Mediterranean and their 

4297
04:03:15,200 --> 04:03:17,600
strategic position, made them 
wealthy beyond measure. 

4298
04:03:18,500 --> 04:03:20,600
Petra was both their capital and
their stronghold. 

4299
04:03:21,500 --> 04:03:24,300
A city that could be easily 
defended but also displayed 

4300
04:03:24,300 --> 04:03:27,600
their prosperity to anyone who 
entered, he points out a line of

4301
04:03:27,608 --> 04:03:31,000
cliffs in the distance 
explaining that the nabataeans 

4302
04:03:31,000 --> 04:03:33,300
carved hundreds of tombs into 
those Rock faces. 

4303
04:03:34,200 --> 04:03:36,900
The most elaborate tombs belong 
to Kings and Nobles. 

4304
04:03:36,900 --> 04:03:41,200
While simpler ones housed 
merchants and citizens. everyone

4305
04:03:41,200 --> 04:03:44,400
who could afford it wanted to be
buried in the Rock to become 

4306
04:03:44,400 --> 04:03:47,800
part of the Eternal Stone to 
rest in Chambers that would 

4307
04:03:47,800 --> 04:03:51,900
Outlast Empires and ages the 
entrance to Petra reveals itself

4308
04:03:51,900 --> 04:03:55,500
gradually, which somehow make it
more magnificent than if it had 

4309
04:03:55,500 --> 04:03:57,900
appeared all at once, You 
approach? 

4310
04:03:57,900 --> 04:03:59,400
What? 
Looks like a simple crack in the

4311
04:03:59,400 --> 04:04:01,700
Cliff face. 
Barely wide enough for two 

4312
04:04:01,700 --> 04:04:06,500
camels to pass side by side. 
This is the Sikh the narrow 

4313
04:04:06,500 --> 04:04:09,900
Gorge that serves as the main 
entrance to the city and 

4314
04:04:09,900 --> 04:04:12,300
standing at its mouth, you feel 
like you're about to step into 

4315
04:04:12,300 --> 04:04:15,700
another world entirely. 
The walls on either side, rise 

4316
04:04:15,700 --> 04:04:19,500
immediately to dizzying Heights.
80 feet perhaps more. 

4317
04:04:20,300 --> 04:04:23,700
Your eyes, follow the vertical 
sweep of stone upward until your

4318
04:04:23,700 --> 04:04:26,900
neck protests. 
The Rock here, shows its age and

4319
04:04:26,908 --> 04:04:29,000
history and horizontal bands of 
color. 

4320
04:04:29,800 --> 04:04:34,100
Cream rust, burgundy, pale pink 
and deep Rose. 

4321
04:04:35,000 --> 04:04:38,400
Geological time made visible. 
Each layer representing 

4322
04:04:38,400 --> 04:04:42,400
Millennia compressed into stone,
you step forward, and the 

4323
04:04:42,400 --> 04:04:46,100
temperature drops noticeably the
high walls block, the direct 

4324
04:04:46,100 --> 04:04:48,800
sunlight creating a corridor of 
cool shadow. 

4325
04:04:49,800 --> 04:04:54,000
Your footsteps, Echo slightly? 
Quiet percussion against the 

4326
04:04:54,000 --> 04:04:59,200
ancient pathway warns Smooth by 
countless feet before yours in 

4327
04:04:59,200 --> 04:05:02,400
some places, you can still see 
the remnants of the original 

4328
04:05:02,400 --> 04:05:06,600
Paving fitted stones that. 
Once made this journey, even 

4329
04:05:06,600 --> 04:05:09,900
easier for the heavily Laden 
Caravans that were Petras 

4330
04:05:09,900 --> 04:05:13,900
lifeblood above you, the narrow 
ribbon of Sky seems impossibly 

4331
04:05:13,900 --> 04:05:17,000
blue, a color. 
So intense, it almost hurts to 

4332
04:05:17,000 --> 04:05:20,600
look at directly Occasionally a 
bird passes overhead. 

4333
04:05:20,600 --> 04:05:23,900
It Shadow flickering across the 
walls before disappearing. 

4334
04:05:25,700 --> 04:05:29,100
Once themselves seemed to 
breathe their surfaces carved by

4335
04:05:29,100 --> 04:05:32,500
wind and water into waves and 
curves that play tricks on your 

4336
04:05:32,508 --> 04:05:35,400
vision. 
In certain light, you could 

4337
04:05:35,400 --> 04:05:39,300
swear the stone actually moves, 
the rock faces on either side 

4338
04:05:39,300 --> 04:05:42,300
display in astonishing, variety 
of colors and patterns. 

4339
04:05:42,300 --> 04:05:46,100
You stopped to examine one 
section where the Sandstone 

4340
04:05:46,100 --> 04:05:50,200
swirls in Shades ranging from 
cream to deep burgundy. 

4341
04:05:50,900 --> 04:05:54,800
The layers twisted and folded by
ancient geological forces into 

4342
04:05:54,800 --> 04:05:56,800
patterns that resemble abstract 
art. 

4343
04:05:58,000 --> 04:05:59,700
Running your fingers across the 
surface. 

4344
04:05:59,700 --> 04:06:03,100
You can feel the different 
textures where harder and softer

4345
04:06:03,100 --> 04:06:07,000
stones have eroded at different 
rates, creating a landscape in 

4346
04:06:07,000 --> 04:06:09,200
miniature. 
Halfway through the sick. 

4347
04:06:09,200 --> 04:06:12,000
You notice channels carved into 
the walls at about shoulder 

4348
04:06:12,000 --> 04:06:14,300
height. 
These are water conduits 

4349
04:06:14,300 --> 04:06:17,600
engineered with such Precision 
that They Carried water from 

4350
04:06:17,600 --> 04:06:20,800
Mountain Springs into the city 
with almost no loss to 

4351
04:06:20,800 --> 04:06:24,600
evaporation or leakage. 
You run your fingers along, one,

4352
04:06:24,600 --> 04:06:28,500
feeling the smooth interior worn
by centuries of flowing water. 

4353
04:06:29,600 --> 04:06:33,100
The nabateans understood, 
something fundamental in the 

4354
04:06:33,100 --> 04:06:37,000
desert water is power and 
controlling water means 

4355
04:06:37,000 --> 04:06:40,600
controlling trade prosperity and
survival itself. 

4356
04:06:40,600 --> 04:06:43,100
Looking more closely at the 
water Channel. 

4357
04:06:43,100 --> 04:06:46,700
You can see how the engineers 
calculated the angle of descent 

4358
04:06:46,700 --> 04:06:50,400
with remarkable accuracy. 
Too steep in the water would 

4359
04:06:50,400 --> 04:06:53,500
flow too fast. 
Eroding the channel to shallow 

4360
04:06:53,500 --> 04:06:56,200
and sediment would accumulate 
clogging the system. 

4361
04:06:57,600 --> 04:07:00,500
They found the perfect gradient 
and maintained it for the entire

4362
04:07:00,500 --> 04:07:03,500
length of the sick. 
The feet that required, not just

4363
04:07:03,500 --> 04:07:08,200
skill but deep understanding of 
hydraulics and Mathematics the 

4364
04:07:08,200 --> 04:07:11,000
path curves and narrows then 
widens slightly. 

4365
04:07:11,000 --> 04:07:15,100
Then Narrows again this winding 
approach serves multiple 

4366
04:07:15,100 --> 04:07:17,700
purposes. 
It makes the city easier to 

4367
04:07:17,708 --> 04:07:21,900
defend it provides shade, and it
builds anticipation with each 

4368
04:07:21,900 --> 04:07:24,800
turn. 
You can't see what's ahead until

4369
04:07:24,800 --> 04:07:28,300
you're almost upon it and each 
Bend reveals new details. 

4370
04:07:29,400 --> 04:07:33,200
Carved Niche that once held a 
sacred stone, a section where 

4371
04:07:33,200 --> 04:07:36,200
the rock appears almost 
translucent, when light hits it 

4372
04:07:36,200 --> 04:07:39,900
at the right angle and a place 
where flash flood debris from 

4373
04:07:39,900 --> 04:07:43,200
centuries ago, still clings to a
high Ledge in one of these 

4374
04:07:43,200 --> 04:07:46,900
niches you spot a small carved. 
Figure worn, almost Smooth by 

4375
04:07:46,900 --> 04:07:50,400
time but still recognizable as a
day at your protective spirit 

4376
04:07:51,300 --> 04:07:55,000
Someone has left an offering a 
flowers at its base recent 

4377
04:07:55,000 --> 04:07:57,000
enough that they haven't 
completely dried out. 

4378
04:07:57,000 --> 04:08:00,600
You wonder if this is a 
continuation of ancient practice

4379
04:08:00,600 --> 04:08:05,400
or a new tradition started by 
modern visitors, either way it 

4380
04:08:05,400 --> 04:08:07,600
speaks to something persistent 
in human nature. 

4381
04:08:07,600 --> 04:08:11,700
This desire to acknowledge the 
sacred to leave something behind

4382
04:08:11,700 --> 04:08:15,900
to participate in ritual. 
You pause at one section where 

4383
04:08:15,900 --> 04:08:18,800
the walls, nearly touch 
overhead, creating a natural. 

4384
04:08:18,800 --> 04:08:22,400
Archway of stone. 
Here in the coolest part of the 

4385
04:08:22,400 --> 04:08:24,600
sick. 
You can smell the mineral Center

4386
04:08:24,600 --> 04:08:28,000
of ancient Rock clean and 
somehow timeless. 

4387
04:08:29,000 --> 04:08:32,200
Small, lizard watches you from a
crevice, its scales. 

4388
04:08:32,200 --> 04:08:35,200
Catching what little light 
penetrates this far into the 

4389
04:08:35,200 --> 04:08:39,700
gorge it, blinks Slowly 
unimpressed by yet, another 

4390
04:08:39,700 --> 04:08:41,700
human passing through its 
territory. 

4391
04:08:41,700 --> 04:08:44,100
The sick is not completely 
straight. 

4392
04:08:44,100 --> 04:08:47,300
And with each turn, you lose 
sight of the entrance behind you

4393
04:08:47,300 --> 04:08:48,900
and cannot yet, see what lies 
ahead. 

4394
04:08:49,700 --> 04:08:53,200
This creates a feeling of 
suspension of existing Between 

4395
04:08:53,200 --> 04:08:56,600
Worlds. 
The modern world has fallen away

4396
04:08:56,600 --> 04:08:59,600
not yet. 
Replaced by what ever Waits at 

4397
04:08:59,600 --> 04:09:03,400
the end of the stone corridor. 
You're in a space that belongs 

4398
04:09:03,400 --> 04:09:07,800
entirely to itself governed by 
its own rules of light and 

4399
04:09:07,800 --> 04:09:11,600
Shadow sound and silence other 
Travelers. 

4400
04:09:11,600 --> 04:09:13,400
Move through the sick at their 
own pace. 

4401
04:09:13,400 --> 04:09:17,200
An elderly man, walks, slowly 
stopping frequently to rest and 

4402
04:09:17,200 --> 04:09:20,100
look upward. 
A young couple hurries past 

4403
04:09:20,100 --> 04:09:22,100
eager and impatient, their 
voices. 

4404
04:09:22,100 --> 04:09:25,400
Echoing off the walls. 
You settle into your own Rhythm 

4405
04:09:25,400 --> 04:09:30,600
not too fast, not too slow 
trying to absorb everything your

4406
04:09:30,600 --> 04:09:33,900
senses offer. 
The cool are the quality of 

4407
04:09:33,900 --> 04:09:36,800
light. 
The texture of stone and the 

4408
04:09:36,800 --> 04:09:39,300
vast sense of time pressing in 
from all sides. 

4409
04:09:39,300 --> 04:09:44,200
At one point you hear water, 
actual flowing water, not just 

4410
04:09:44,200 --> 04:09:46,800
the memory of it. 
Following the sound. 

4411
04:09:46,800 --> 04:09:49,600
You discover a small spring 
emerging from the rock face 

4412
04:09:49,600 --> 04:09:51,800
creating a wet Patrol on the 
wall. 

4413
04:09:51,800 --> 04:09:56,500
Where Moss Andy plants, grow the
water trickles down into one of 

4414
04:09:56,508 --> 04:09:59,000
the ancient channels. 
Still following the path carved 

4415
04:09:59,000 --> 04:10:02,700
for it, 2000 years ago. 
You cut your hand and catch some

4416
04:10:02,700 --> 04:10:07,200
of the water tasting it. 
It's cold and clean slightly 

4417
04:10:07,200 --> 04:10:09,700
mineral. 
Exactly what water should taste 

4418
04:10:09,700 --> 04:10:12,200
like when it comes straight from
deep inside the Earth. 

4419
04:10:13,000 --> 04:10:16,000
Sick begins to brighten ahead. 
Sunlight. 

4420
04:10:16,000 --> 04:10:18,800
Spilling around a corner in a 
way that makes you squint. 

4421
04:10:19,500 --> 04:10:23,100
You can hear voices now too. 
Other visitors who have reached 

4422
04:10:23,100 --> 04:10:25,000
the end and are reacting to what
they found. 

4423
04:10:25,000 --> 04:10:29,400
Their Their exclamations Echo, 
back toward you wordless 

4424
04:10:29,400 --> 04:10:32,000
expressions of all that need no 
translation. 

4425
04:10:32,700 --> 04:10:36,400
Your pace quickens slightly, not
because you're in a hurry, but 

4426
04:10:36,400 --> 04:10:39,600
because something in use senses 
that the real Marvel lies, just 

4427
04:10:39,600 --> 04:10:43,900
ahead around this next. 
Curve through the corridor of 

4428
04:10:43,900 --> 04:10:45,500
stone. 
That is funneled Travelers 

4429
04:10:45,500 --> 04:10:47,500
toward one wander for 2000 
years. 

4430
04:10:47,500 --> 04:10:51,700
You take a deep breath. 
Preparing yourself for whatever 

4431
04:10:51,700 --> 04:10:55,500
comes next, even though 
preparation is probably futile. 

4432
04:10:56,400 --> 04:11:00,100
Some experience is cannot be 
prepared for some moments exist 

4433
04:11:00,100 --> 04:11:04,000
outside, the realm of 
expectation dwelling instead in 

4434
04:11:04,000 --> 04:11:08,900
pure experience in the shock of 
beauty and in the confrontation 

4435
04:11:08,900 --> 04:11:11,700
with human capability that 
exceeds what you thought 

4436
04:11:11,700 --> 04:11:14,600
possible. 
This is one of those moments you

4437
04:11:14,600 --> 04:11:18,300
send your right and then you see
it, though. 

4438
04:11:18,300 --> 04:11:22,100
See feels like two smaller word 
for what happens when the 

4439
04:11:22,100 --> 04:11:24,800
treasury reveals itself through 
the narrow gap of the essay. 

4440
04:11:24,800 --> 04:11:29,000
At first, just a vertical slice 
of facade appears between the 

4441
04:11:29,000 --> 04:11:31,700
canyon walls glowing rose gold 
in the morning. 

4442
04:11:31,700 --> 04:11:35,900
Sun then, as you take another 
step, another few feet of 

4443
04:11:35,908 --> 04:11:38,500
carved. 
Cliff face emerges, and another 

4444
04:11:38,500 --> 04:11:43,200
and another until finally, you 
stand in the open space, before 

4445
04:11:43,200 --> 04:11:48,300
it Your neck craned, back your 
mouth slightly open rendered 

4446
04:11:48,300 --> 04:11:52,500
completely silent by the sheer 
Audacity Of what ancient hands 

4447
04:11:52,500 --> 04:11:55,900
created here. 
The treasury Al hasne in the 

4448
04:11:55,900 --> 04:12:00,700
local language Rises 130 feet 
from the Sandy Plaza, floor 

4449
04:12:00,700 --> 04:12:03,900
carved entirely from the living 
Rock of the cliff behind it. 

4450
04:12:03,900 --> 04:12:09,200
Not built carved. 
The Builder started at the top 

4451
04:12:09,200 --> 04:12:11,900
and worked downward chiseling 
away, everything. 

4452
04:12:11,900 --> 04:12:15,800
That wasn't This Magnificent 
facade revealing rather than 

4453
04:12:15,800 --> 04:12:19,400
constructing. 
You try to imagine the faith 

4454
04:12:19,400 --> 04:12:22,500
required to begin. 
Such a project, the certainty 

4455
04:12:22,500 --> 04:12:26,100
that the stone would cooperate. 
That the vision in someone's 

4456
04:12:26,100 --> 04:12:28,600
mind could be translated into 
this reality. 

4457
04:12:28,600 --> 04:12:33,000
The lower level features six 
massive columns, each one 

4458
04:12:33,000 --> 04:12:36,200
perfect despite being carved 
from the same continuous piece 

4459
04:12:36,200 --> 04:12:37,800
of Cliff as everything around 
it. 

4460
04:12:38,800 --> 04:12:41,200
The tween and Behind These 
columns doorways. 

4461
04:12:41,200 --> 04:12:45,100
Lead in to cool Darkness. 
Chambers cut deep into the Rock.

4462
04:12:46,000 --> 04:12:50,500
Above this a second level rises 
with more columns more detail 

4463
04:12:50,500 --> 04:12:54,000
and more impossible precision 
and crowning it all. 

4464
04:12:54,000 --> 04:12:58,000
A circular structure topped with
an urn that Legend says contains

4465
04:12:58,000 --> 04:12:59,800
the treasure that gave this 
Monument. 

4466
04:12:59,800 --> 04:13:04,200
Its name, he walked closer, your
sandals, quiet on the sand that 

4467
04:13:04,200 --> 04:13:07,900
has blown into this Plaza over. 
Centuries, the morning light 

4468
04:13:07,900 --> 04:13:10,800
hits the facade at an angle. 
That makes the stones seem to 

4469
04:13:10,800 --> 04:13:13,200
glow from within. 
You understand that the 

4470
04:13:13,200 --> 04:13:16,100
nabateans didn't choose this 
Rose Colored Sandstone by 

4471
04:13:16,100 --> 04:13:20,000
accident. 
They built carved with light in 

4472
04:13:20,000 --> 04:13:23,500
mind, understanding how it would
transform their work throughout 

4473
04:13:23,500 --> 04:13:28,000
the day throughout the seasons 
and throughout the ages details 

4474
04:13:28,000 --> 04:13:31,800
emerge as you approach. 
Carved figures stand in niches 

4475
04:13:31,800 --> 04:13:34,700
dancing Amazons. 
According to local knowledge 

4476
04:13:34,700 --> 04:13:37,800
though, their features of 
softened over two Millennia of 

4477
04:13:37,800 --> 04:13:41,800
wind and rare reign. 
Floral motifs curve, along 

4478
04:13:41,800 --> 04:13:46,400
capitals and cornices, geometric
patterns, create visual rhythms 

4479
04:13:46,400 --> 04:13:49,500
that draw your eye upward and 
upward until you're dizzy with 

4480
04:13:49,500 --> 04:13:52,200
looking. 
You noticed that the stone 

4481
04:13:52,200 --> 04:13:54,500
itself contains subtle color 
variations. 

4482
04:13:56,000 --> 04:14:00,100
Seem of deep burgundy here. 
A band of cream there and 

4483
04:14:00,100 --> 04:14:03,300
streaks of orange and pink 
swirling together like some 

4484
04:14:03,300 --> 04:14:07,000
Cosmic painters, palette a 
merchant, you met in the Caravan

4485
04:14:07,000 --> 04:14:10,000
stands, beside you now. 
And you realize, you've both 

4486
04:14:10,000 --> 04:14:12,100
been staring in silence for 
several minutes. 

4487
04:14:13,100 --> 04:14:16,000
He laughs quietly and says 
something about how he's seen 

4488
04:14:16,000 --> 04:14:19,300
the treasury, two dozen times 
and it still makes him feel like

4489
04:14:19,300 --> 04:14:24,100
a child seeing magic for the 
first time you nod understanding

4490
04:14:24,100 --> 04:14:26,800
completely. 
There's something about the 

4491
04:14:26,800 --> 04:14:30,400
scale of human ambition here. 
The sheer devotional required, 

4492
04:14:30,400 --> 04:14:34,400
to imagine this and then make it
real that shrinks your modern 

4493
04:14:34,400 --> 04:14:36,500
concerns down to their proper 
size. 

4494
04:14:36,500 --> 04:14:39,700
You notice now that the plaza in
front of the treasury is 

4495
04:14:39,700 --> 04:14:44,500
actually quite large capable of 
holding 100s of people. this 

4496
04:14:44,500 --> 04:14:48,600
wasn't just a tomb or a temple, 
it was a statement, a 

4497
04:14:48,600 --> 04:14:53,300
declaration carved in stone We 
are the nabati and this is what 

4498
04:14:53,300 --> 04:14:56,400
we can do. 
This is our power, our wealth, 

4499
04:14:56,400 --> 04:15:00,400
our skill, and our vision. 
Remember us, and you do remember

4500
04:15:00,400 --> 04:15:02,300
them standing here? 
2000 years later. 

4501
04:15:02,300 --> 04:15:05,300
Exactly. 
As they hoped the facade shows 

4502
04:15:05,300 --> 04:15:07,600
signs of damage in places, 
bullet. 

4503
04:15:07,600 --> 04:15:10,400
Holes from Treasure Hunters who 
took the legend of the Ernst 

4504
04:15:10,400 --> 04:15:14,900
contents literally cracks from 
earthquakes and sections, where 

4505
04:15:14,900 --> 04:15:19,300
the softer Stone has eroded fast
and the harder But these 

4506
04:15:19,300 --> 04:15:23,000
imperfections somehow make it 
more real more touching. 

4507
04:15:24,000 --> 04:15:26,500
Perfect preservation would make 
it a museum piece. 

4508
04:15:26,500 --> 04:15:31,200
These scars, remind you that the
treasury has survived persisted 

4509
04:15:31,200 --> 04:15:34,900
and endured through everything 
time and humans could throw at 

4510
04:15:34,900 --> 04:15:36,700
it. 
He walked to one of the doorways

4511
04:15:36,700 --> 04:15:40,000
and step inside. 
The interior is surprisingly, 

4512
04:15:40,000 --> 04:15:43,000
simple, compared to the 
elaborate facade, large 

4513
04:15:43,000 --> 04:15:46,100
rectangular Chambers with smooth
walls and high ceilings. 

4514
04:15:47,100 --> 04:15:48,500
The temperature drops 
immediately. 

4515
04:15:48,500 --> 04:15:51,600
The thick rock walls, 
maintaining a coolness that 

4516
04:15:51,600 --> 04:15:54,000
feels almost shocking after the 
warm day outside. 

4517
04:15:55,000 --> 04:15:58,100
Someone has left an offering a 
flowers in one corner already 

4518
04:15:58,100 --> 04:16:02,200
wilting in the dry air. small 
gesture of reverence to whoever 

4519
04:16:02,200 --> 04:16:05,500
this Monument was built to honor
the main chamber measures 

4520
04:16:05,500 --> 04:16:09,200
roughly, 40 feet square, the 
walls rising to a sealing that 

4521
04:16:09,200 --> 04:16:13,700
disappears and to Darkness above
Your footsteps echo in the empty

4522
04:16:13,700 --> 04:16:16,700
space and you realize that 
Acoustics were probably 

4523
04:16:16,700 --> 04:16:21,100
considered in the design. sound 
behaves differently in here 

4524
04:16:21,100 --> 04:16:25,400
softer but also somehow more 
present as if the stone itself 

4525
04:16:25,400 --> 04:16:27,900
remembers voices and 
occasionally Whispers, the back,

4526
04:16:27,900 --> 04:16:31,800
you run your hand along the wall
feeling tool marks and visible 

4527
04:16:31,800 --> 04:16:35,900
to the eye, but present touch 
Thousands of careful strikes 

4528
04:16:35,900 --> 04:16:39,300
with chisel and Hammer. 
Each one removing a tiny amount 

4529
04:16:39,300 --> 04:16:42,200
of stone, each one part of the 
larger vision. 

4530
04:16:43,000 --> 04:16:46,700
Patients required, staggers you.
This isn't work. 

4531
04:16:46,700 --> 04:16:49,700
That could be rushed. 
This is work that required 

4532
04:16:49,700 --> 04:16:54,400
dedication spanning years, 
probably decades, probably 

4533
04:16:54,400 --> 04:16:58,200
generations of Craftsmen passing
skills and knowledge down 

4534
04:16:58,200 --> 04:17:01,000
through their families in a 
corner of the chamber. 

4535
04:17:01,000 --> 04:17:04,700
You notice graffiti scratched 
into the stone, not modern 

4536
04:17:04,700 --> 04:17:07,900
vandalism, but ancient visitors 
leaving their marks. 

4537
04:17:08,800 --> 04:17:12,100
One inscription is in nabataean 
script another. 

4538
04:17:12,100 --> 04:17:15,600
In what might be Greek? 
And a third in a language, you 

4539
04:17:15,600 --> 04:17:18,900
don't recognize at all. 
People have been visiting this 

4540
04:17:18,900 --> 04:17:21,700
place and wanting to record 
their presence for as long as 

4541
04:17:21,700 --> 04:17:24,400
the treasury has existed. 
You resist. 

4542
04:17:24,400 --> 04:17:27,800
The urge to add your own Mark 
feeling that the practice has 

4543
04:17:27,800 --> 04:17:31,300
shifted from documentation to 
desecration somewhere along the 

4544
04:17:31,300 --> 04:17:34,600
Millennia back outside. 
You find a spot of shade and 

4545
04:17:34,600 --> 04:17:38,300
simply sit watching how the 
light changes on the carved 

4546
04:17:38,300 --> 04:17:42,000
surface as the sun continues. 
Its climb Other Travelers 

4547
04:17:42,000 --> 04:17:45,100
arrive, gasping and pointing 
going through the same 

4548
04:17:45,100 --> 04:17:47,500
progression of all, you just 
experienced. 

4549
04:17:48,400 --> 04:17:51,200
You notice how the treasury 
seems to change color as the sun

4550
04:17:51,200 --> 04:17:53,400
moves. 
What was rose gold? 

4551
04:17:53,400 --> 04:17:55,400
An hour ago. 
Now, tends more toward deep 

4552
04:17:55,400 --> 04:17:59,200
salmon and in another hour, it 
will shift again, the young 

4553
04:17:59,200 --> 04:18:04,200
woman, sits near you also just 
watching After a while, she says

4554
04:18:04,200 --> 04:18:07,800
quietly that she's an architect.
And this breaks her brain, the 

4555
04:18:07,800 --> 04:18:12,700
engineering required the vision,
the skill it all exceeds, what 

4556
04:18:12,700 --> 04:18:15,000
should be possible with the 
tools available at the time. 

4557
04:18:15,900 --> 04:18:19,500
You asked what she means. 
And she explains these aren't 

4558
04:18:19,500 --> 04:18:23,000
small decorative carvings. 
This is structural work at a 

4559
04:18:23,008 --> 04:18:26,500
massive scale and it had to be 
done perfectly because there are

4560
04:18:26,500 --> 04:18:30,300
no Second Chance is you can't 
add Stone back once it's 

4561
04:18:30,300 --> 04:18:33,100
removed. 
Every strike of the Chisel had 

4562
04:18:33,100 --> 04:18:37,400
to be precisely calculated and 
executed one major era and the 

4563
04:18:37,400 --> 04:18:39,100
entire facade could have been 
ruined. 

4564
04:18:39,100 --> 04:18:43,200
She stands an approaches, the 
treasury again, gesturing at the

4565
04:18:43,208 --> 04:18:45,900
columns. 
To make columns that appear to 

4566
04:18:45,900 --> 04:18:48,600
be separate but are actually 
part of the continuous Cliff 

4567
04:18:48,600 --> 04:18:51,200
face. 
She says, you need to 

4568
04:18:51,200 --> 04:18:53,000
understand. 
Not just what the finished 

4569
04:18:53,000 --> 04:18:56,200
product should look like. 
But exactly how to remove Stone 

4570
04:18:56,200 --> 04:18:59,100
in three dimensions to create 
the illusion of independent 

4571
04:18:59,100 --> 04:19:02,500
structures. 
It's subtractive sculpture on an

4572
04:19:02,500 --> 04:19:06,600
impossible scale and its 
architectural engineering, and 

4573
04:19:06,600 --> 04:19:09,300
its mathematical Precision. 
All combined. 

4574
04:19:10,100 --> 04:19:13,000
The Napa Tans were operating at 
a level of sophistication that 

4575
04:19:13,000 --> 04:19:16,300
most people don't. 
Appreciate a vendor is set up a 

4576
04:19:16,300 --> 04:19:19,800
small carpet nearby selling, 
cool drinks and dried fruit to 

4577
04:19:19,800 --> 04:19:23,500
overwhelmed visitors. 
You accept a cup of pomegranate 

4578
04:19:23,500 --> 04:19:27,400
juice sweetened on your tongue 
and listen as he tells stories 

4579
04:19:27,400 --> 04:19:29,800
about the treasury in an accent 
thick as honey. 

4580
04:19:30,700 --> 04:19:32,700
Some stories are clearly 
exaggerated. 

4581
04:19:32,700 --> 04:19:36,000
No King Solomon's. 
Gin didn't carve this overnight.

4582
04:19:36,800 --> 04:19:38,600
But others hold the weight of 
possibility. 

4583
04:19:38,600 --> 04:19:42,100
Hidden Chambers. 
Not yet, discovered Treasures 

4584
04:19:42,100 --> 04:19:46,600
beyond the urn which he admits 
with a grin is solid Stone all 

4585
04:19:46,600 --> 04:19:50,000
the way through riddled with 
bullet holes from Fortune 

4586
04:19:50,000 --> 04:19:53,300
Seekers who learned that lesson.
The hard way, he tells you that 

4587
04:19:53,300 --> 04:19:56,500
local Bedouin Legends. 
Say the treasury was carved by a

4588
04:19:56,500 --> 04:20:00,400
pharaoh who pursued Moses across
the desert and needed a place to

4589
04:20:00,400 --> 04:20:03,000
store his wealth. 
This is his historically 

4590
04:20:03,000 --> 04:20:05,700
unlikely but you appreciate the 
story anyway. 

4591
04:20:06,600 --> 04:20:10,200
Every culture that encounters 
Petra creates explanation for it

4592
04:20:10,200 --> 04:20:13,800
weaves it into their own 
mythology and make it part of 

4593
04:20:13,808 --> 04:20:17,100
their narrative. 
The treasury doesn't just belong

4594
04:20:17,100 --> 04:20:20,900
to the navane anymore. 
It belongs to human imagination.

4595
04:20:20,900 --> 04:20:24,000
You put some dates from the 
vendor and their perfect 

4596
04:20:24,000 --> 04:20:28,800
sweetened slightly chewy with 
that concentrated sugar flavor. 

4597
04:20:28,800 --> 04:20:30,500
That makes them almost like 
candy. 

4598
04:20:31,500 --> 04:20:34,300
He tells you they're from a 
Grove near a Kaba grown in the 

4599
04:20:34,300 --> 04:20:36,000
same soil. 
That's produced dates for 

4600
04:20:36,000 --> 04:20:39,400
thousands of years. 
The nabatian would have eaten 

4601
04:20:39,400 --> 04:20:42,800
dates, just like these carried 
them on Long, trading, Journeys,

4602
04:20:42,800 --> 04:20:47,300
and use them to sweeten their 
lives in small ordinary ways the

4603
04:20:47,300 --> 04:20:50,300
morning advances toward midday 
and, you know, you should move 

4604
04:20:50,300 --> 04:20:53,600
on and explore more of Petra but
you're a reluctant to leave the 

4605
04:20:53,600 --> 04:20:56,100
treasury. 
It has a gravity to it. 

4606
04:20:56,100 --> 04:20:59,200
An invisible pull. 
That makes departure difficult. 

4607
04:21:00,200 --> 04:21:04,300
Finally, you force yourself to 
stand to shoulder, your pack to 

4608
04:21:04,300 --> 04:21:06,200
turn away from the carve for 
sard? 

4609
04:21:07,000 --> 04:21:10,300
But you look back three times 
before the plaza is out of sight

4610
04:21:10,300 --> 04:21:14,500
unwilling, to Let It Go needing.
These last glimpses to carry 

4611
04:21:14,500 --> 04:21:18,300
with you beyond the treasury, 
the City of Petra, and folds 

4612
04:21:18,300 --> 04:21:21,800
like a stone garden and you 
ventured deeper into its heart. 

4613
04:21:23,100 --> 04:21:26,800
The central Colonnade stretches 
before you abroad Avenue. 

4614
04:21:26,800 --> 04:21:30,900
That once bustled with Traders 
priests and citizens going about

4615
04:21:30,900 --> 04:21:35,600
their daily business, Now, it 
exists in partial ruin. 

4616
04:21:36,500 --> 04:21:39,400
Column standing at attention 
like soldiers, who never 

4617
04:21:39,400 --> 04:21:43,400
received orders to stand down 
others, toppled by earthquakes 

4618
04:21:43,400 --> 04:21:45,800
That Shook this Region's 
centuries ago. 

4619
04:21:45,800 --> 04:21:49,300
You walk among these remnants 
trying to reconstruct the scene 

4620
04:21:49,300 --> 04:21:52,400
as it might have been. 
Market stalls would have lined 

4621
04:21:52,400 --> 04:21:56,000
the street their awnings 
providing shade, they're Goods 

4622
04:21:56,000 --> 04:21:59,100
creating a sensory Festival 
spices from India. 

4623
04:21:59,100 --> 04:22:04,300
Silk from China, frankincense 
from Arabia and olive oil from 

4624
04:22:04,300 --> 04:22:08,400
the Mediterranean The nabataeans
sat at the crossroads of the 

4625
04:22:08,400 --> 04:22:11,400
ancient world and everything 
worth trading passed through 

4626
04:22:11,408 --> 04:22:15,300
their hands leaving a percentage
of its value Behind The 

4627
04:22:15,300 --> 04:22:18,700
Colonnade itself shows, evidence
of multiple construction phases,

4628
04:22:18,700 --> 04:22:21,300
some columns are clearly older 
than others. 

4629
04:22:21,300 --> 04:22:25,100
The Stonewall weathered and the 
capitals different in style. 

4630
04:22:26,000 --> 04:22:29,800
The city grew and changed over 
centuries adapting to new 

4631
04:22:29,800 --> 04:22:33,100
influences, new wealth, and new 
needs. 

4632
04:22:34,200 --> 04:22:36,900
You can read this history in the
architecture, like rings in a 

4633
04:22:36,900 --> 04:22:39,400
tree, each layer telling its own
story. 

4634
04:22:40,300 --> 04:22:42,500
Ahead you spot. 
What must have been a fountain? 

4635
04:22:42,500 --> 04:22:46,600
A large carved basins set in to 
an architectural niche. 

4636
04:22:47,200 --> 04:22:51,300
Dry now, but still beautiful. 
You approach it and see the 

4637
04:22:51,300 --> 04:22:55,000
remains of decorative carvings 
around its Rim patterns that 

4638
04:22:55,000 --> 04:22:59,400
Echo the natural swirls in the 
Sandstone itself you imagine it 

4639
04:22:59,400 --> 04:23:02,400
full of water surrounded by 
Travelers and locals alike. 

4640
04:23:02,400 --> 04:23:06,000
Everyone grateful for this 
precious resource in the desert 

4641
04:23:06,000 --> 04:23:09,500
heat The Fountains basement is 
carved from a single piece of 

4642
04:23:09,500 --> 04:23:12,900
stone and you Marvel at the 
effort required to Quarry 

4643
04:23:12,900 --> 04:23:17,300
transport and position something
this large Even with modern 

4644
04:23:17,300 --> 04:23:20,800
equipment moving, this Basin 
would be challenging the 

4645
04:23:20,800 --> 04:23:24,500
nabatian, Managed IT with human 
and animal power, with clever, 

4646
04:23:24,500 --> 04:23:27,500
use of levers and rollers. 
And with the kind of patient, 

4647
04:23:27,500 --> 04:23:30,600
determination. 
That seems almost extinct in 

4648
04:23:30,600 --> 04:23:32,900
your own era of instant 
gratification. 

4649
04:23:32,900 --> 04:23:37,100
A cat appears from behind a 
fallen column regarding you with

4650
04:23:37,100 --> 04:23:39,800
the universal expression of 
feline superiority. 

4651
04:23:40,600 --> 04:23:43,600
It's orange and white and 
well-fed enough that clearly 

4652
04:23:43,600 --> 04:23:45,700
someone in the modern Bedouin 
community. 

4653
04:23:45,700 --> 04:23:47,400
That lives nearby takes care of 
it. 

4654
04:23:48,400 --> 04:23:53,300
The cat performs an elaborate 
stretch front legs extended rear

4655
04:23:53,300 --> 04:23:56,700
end elevated making it 
abundantly clear that it owns 

4656
04:23:56,700 --> 04:23:58,600
this particular section of 
ancient Street. 

4657
04:23:59,500 --> 04:24:02,000
Your merely visiting the cat 
approaches. 

4658
04:24:02,000 --> 04:24:05,800
You cautiously decides your 
acceptable and begins weaving 

4659
04:24:05,800 --> 04:24:08,500
around your ankles. 
In that way cats of perfected 

4660
04:24:08,500 --> 04:24:12,000
over Millennia of training 
humans to feed them. 

4661
04:24:12,700 --> 04:24:16,800
You scratch behind its ears and 
it purrs loud enough to Echo off

4662
04:24:16,800 --> 04:24:20,700
the nearby columns for a moment.
Your connected to every person 

4663
04:24:20,700 --> 04:24:24,300
who ever pulls on the street to 
pet a friendly cat because some 

4664
04:24:24,300 --> 04:24:27,800
things transcend time and 
culture, People have always 

4665
04:24:27,800 --> 04:24:31,600
loved small animals, that deemed
to tolerate our presence along. 

4666
04:24:31,600 --> 04:24:35,200
The edges of the colonnade cave,
openings, Mark residential areas

4667
04:24:35,200 --> 04:24:38,900
carved into the cliff faces. 
These aren't the elaborate tomb 

4668
04:24:38,900 --> 04:24:40,600
facades you see throughout 
Petra. 

4669
04:24:40,600 --> 04:24:44,000
These are simpler more practical
spaces where people actually 

4670
04:24:44,000 --> 04:24:46,800
lived. 
He climb a rough un staircase, 

4671
04:24:46,800 --> 04:24:49,600
to reach one, your hand trailing
along, the rock wall for 

4672
04:24:49,600 --> 04:24:52,900
balance. 
The entrance is low, you duck to

4673
04:24:52,900 --> 04:24:56,800
enter and inside you find a 
series of rooms carved in a 

4674
04:24:56,800 --> 04:24:59,700
simple but efficient layout, the
main room would have been the 

4675
04:24:59,700 --> 04:25:01,700
living area with smaller 
Chambers. 

4676
04:25:01,700 --> 04:25:03,500
Branching off a storage and 
sleeping. 

4677
04:25:04,400 --> 04:25:08,200
The walls are surprisingly. 
Smooth showing tool marks only 

4678
04:25:08,200 --> 04:25:10,300
in the corners where Precision 
mattered less. 

4679
04:25:11,100 --> 04:25:13,800
You can see where shells were 
carved directly into the Rock 

4680
04:25:13,800 --> 04:25:17,400
where oil lamps would have set 
in Nature's, and where the 

4681
04:25:17,400 --> 04:25:20,700
sealing Rises higher to allow 
smoke from cooking fires to 

4682
04:25:20,700 --> 04:25:24,000
gather an escape through a 
carefully, engineered vent 

4683
04:25:24,000 --> 04:25:28,000
standing in this ancient home. 
You can almost feel the lives 

4684
04:25:28,000 --> 04:25:31,000
that were lived. 
Here, a mother grinding in the 

4685
04:25:31,000 --> 04:25:33,700
cool morning. 
Children playing in the doorway 

4686
04:25:33,700 --> 04:25:37,100
while their father prepared for 
a trading Journey evening meals,

4687
04:25:37,100 --> 04:25:40,800
were shared while the days heat.
Finally, broke arguments, and 

4688
04:25:40,800 --> 04:25:44,500
laughter births and deaths. 
All the ordinary moments that 

4689
04:25:44,500 --> 04:25:48,500
make up a life, played out in 
rooms carved, from living Stone,

4690
04:25:48,500 --> 04:25:50,600
one of the sleeping Chambers 
still has. 

4691
04:25:50,600 --> 04:25:54,000
What looks like the remnants of 
plaster on the walls painted 

4692
04:25:54,000 --> 04:25:57,900
plaster though, the pigments of 
faded to barely visible ghosts 

4693
04:25:57,900 --> 04:26:00,500
of color? 
you can just make out geometric 

4694
04:26:00,500 --> 04:26:05,300
patterns, perhaps floral designs
decoration that made this cave 

4695
04:26:05,300 --> 04:26:09,500
into a home that added Beauty to
function that proved even to 

4696
04:26:09,500 --> 04:26:13,300
2000 years ago, people wanted 
more than just shelter They 

4697
04:26:13,300 --> 04:26:17,100
wanted aesthetically pleasing 
shelter, you noticed that the 

4698
04:26:17,100 --> 04:26:20,100
floors aren't leveled, their 
slightly sloped toward the 

4699
04:26:20,100 --> 04:26:22,600
entrance. 
A deliberate design choice that 

4700
04:26:22,600 --> 04:26:25,500
would have helped water drain 
out during the rare, but intense

4701
04:26:25,500 --> 04:26:28,700
desert Reigns. 
Even in homes, carved from 

4702
04:26:28,700 --> 04:26:33,100
Stone, even in places that seem 
permanent and unchanging, the 

4703
04:26:33,100 --> 04:26:37,300
nabataeans prepared for water 
respected it and designed around

4704
04:26:37,300 --> 04:26:40,500
it. 
In the desert, water is Never 

4705
04:26:40,500 --> 04:26:43,100
Enough To thought returning to 
the colonnade. 

4706
04:26:43,100 --> 04:26:45,800
You find yourself thinking about
social structure in ancient 

4707
04:26:45,800 --> 04:26:50,100
Petra The elaborate tombs and 
temples suggest a higher article

4708
04:26:50,100 --> 04:26:53,000
Society. 
Wealthy merchants and Nobles at 

4709
04:26:53,000 --> 04:26:56,700
the top priests and 
administrators next Craftsman 

4710
04:26:56,700 --> 04:27:00,600
and Traders in the middle and 
laborers at the bottom. but the 

4711
04:27:00,600 --> 04:27:04,000
shared Water Systems, the public
fountains and the relatively 

4712
04:27:04,000 --> 04:27:07,800
modest homes, even for the 
wealthy suggest a society that 

4713
04:27:07,800 --> 04:27:12,100
valued Community, cohesion, You 
can't run a successful trading 

4714
04:27:12,100 --> 04:27:13,800
empire. 
If your social structure 

4715
04:27:13,800 --> 04:27:17,400
constantly threatens to collapse
into conflict back on the Main 

4716
04:27:17,400 --> 04:27:19,200
Avenue. 
You notice a group of modern 

4717
04:27:19,200 --> 04:27:21,800
Bedouin guides taking their 
lunch in the shade of a 

4718
04:27:21,800 --> 04:27:25,700
particularly large Fallen. 
They wave you over with the 

4719
04:27:25,700 --> 04:27:28,900
immediate Hospitality that seems
to be programmed in to Desert 

4720
04:27:28,900 --> 04:27:32,200
people's everywhere. 
Within moments, your sitting 

4721
04:27:32,200 --> 04:27:35,800
cross-legged on a worn carpet, 
accepting flatbread, and soft 

4722
04:27:35,800 --> 04:27:39,500
cheese listening to stories told
in a mixture of languages. 

4723
04:27:39,500 --> 04:27:43,600
Supplemented with expansive 
gestures, the food is simple, 

4724
04:27:43,600 --> 04:27:48,200
but satisfying the bread still 
warm, the cheese Tangy and 

4725
04:27:48,200 --> 04:27:51,400
creamy, and some olives that 
tastes like sunshine and salt. 

4726
04:27:52,300 --> 04:27:55,200
Someone passes you a couple of 
strong coffee, thick and sweet. 

4727
04:27:55,200 --> 04:27:57,900
And you sip, it carefully, 
because it's very hot. 

4728
04:27:59,000 --> 04:28:01,700
The guides laugh at something, 
one of them said slapping their 

4729
04:28:01,700 --> 04:28:05,200
knees and even though you don't 
understand the joke, you smile 

4730
04:28:05,200 --> 04:28:07,700
because laughter is contagious 
and context. 

4731
04:28:07,700 --> 04:28:10,900
Independent, one of the older 
guys is face creased. 

4732
04:28:10,900 --> 04:28:14,300
Like well-worn leather tells you
about finding ancient coins 

4733
04:28:14,300 --> 04:28:17,400
after heavy rains about 
discovering new chambers that 

4734
04:28:17,400 --> 04:28:21,500
tourists never see and about the
time of flash flood roared 

4735
04:28:21,500 --> 04:28:24,200
through the sick with such 
violence, that it moved 

4736
04:28:24,200 --> 04:28:27,700
Boulders, the size of camels. 
His hands shape. 

4737
04:28:27,700 --> 04:28:31,000
The story in the air and you can
see the Water Rising and feel 

4738
04:28:31,000 --> 04:28:34,000
the Thunder of its passage he 
laughs at the memory. 

4739
04:28:34,000 --> 04:28:37,600
Not because floods are dangerous
but because of surviving them 

4740
04:28:37,600 --> 04:28:40,400
and you bragging rights that 
last a lifetime, the 

4741
04:28:40,400 --> 04:28:42,200
conversation turns to daily 
life. 

4742
04:28:42,200 --> 04:28:45,500
In ancient Petra and the guide 
shared knowledge passed down 

4743
04:28:45,500 --> 04:28:48,200
through generations of living in
and around these ruins. 

4744
04:28:49,200 --> 04:28:53,300
The nabataeans they explain were
practical people, they carved 

4745
04:28:53,300 --> 04:28:56,400
their City from Stone, not for 
Aesthetics alone but because 

4746
04:28:56,400 --> 04:29:00,700
Stone doesn't burn doesn't Rock.
And last essentially forever in 

4747
04:29:00,700 --> 04:29:04,900
a desert climate, they built for
their descendants for eternity, 

4748
04:29:04,900 --> 04:29:08,100
and they succeeded Beyond 
probably even their own 

4749
04:29:08,100 --> 04:29:11,200
imaginations. 
You learn that during Petra's 

4750
04:29:11,200 --> 04:29:13,100
height. 
This Central Street would have 

4751
04:29:13,108 --> 04:29:16,600
been shaded, by fabric awnings 
stretched between the columns 

4752
04:29:16,600 --> 04:29:20,600
making it possible to shop and 
trade, even during the brutal, 

4753
04:29:20,600 --> 04:29:25,100
midday Heat, wealthy merchants 
lived in carved homes with 

4754
04:29:25,100 --> 04:29:29,400
multiple rooms and elaborate 
facades while poorest citizens, 

4755
04:29:29,400 --> 04:29:32,200
may do with simpler cave 
dwellings on the outskirts, 

4756
04:29:32,900 --> 04:29:36,700
Everyone, regardless of status 
had access to the city's water 

4757
04:29:36,700 --> 04:29:40,500
system, the Democratic approach 
to Precious resources that 

4758
04:29:40,500 --> 04:29:42,200
helped maintain social 
stability. 

4759
04:29:42,200 --> 04:29:45,700
One of the younger guides points
out, a section of the colonnade 

4760
04:29:45,700 --> 04:29:48,500
where you can still see post 
holes carved into the stone 

4761
04:29:48,500 --> 04:29:52,900
evidence of those awnings proof 
that this street once offered 

4762
04:29:52,900 --> 04:29:56,700
shade in relative comfort. 
He explains that the fabric 

4763
04:29:56,700 --> 04:30:00,300
would have been brightly colored
died in Reds and blues and 

4764
04:30:00,300 --> 04:30:03,200
yellows, creating a vibrant 
canopy overhead. 

4765
04:30:04,300 --> 04:30:06,800
The street would have been 
colorful in a way that's hard to

4766
04:30:06,800 --> 04:30:09,300
imagine. 
Now, looking at the bare Stone 

4767
04:30:09,300 --> 04:30:12,500
and Sam and trade goods would 
have been displayed on low 

4768
04:30:12,500 --> 04:30:16,400
tables or spread on carpets. 
The guy continues Merchants 

4769
04:30:16,400 --> 04:30:20,700
called out their Wares hagglers 
negotiated prices and money 

4770
04:30:20,700 --> 04:30:23,400
changers set at small. 
Tables converting various 

4771
04:30:23,400 --> 04:30:26,400
currents because Traders came 
from all over the known world. 

4772
04:30:27,300 --> 04:30:29,600
It would have been loud chaotic 
and exciting. 

4773
04:30:30,500 --> 04:30:34,200
A true Crossroads were different
languages mingled when news from

4774
04:30:34,200 --> 04:30:37,600
distant lands spread and where 
the Exotic became ordinary 

4775
04:30:37,600 --> 04:30:40,800
through constant exposure. 
The guides also tell you about 

4776
04:30:40,800 --> 04:30:44,600
the social customs of ancient 
Petra, the little rituals of 

4777
04:30:44,600 --> 04:30:48,500
daily life When Traders arrived,
they would have been greeted by 

4778
04:30:48,500 --> 04:30:52,000
City officials who assess their 
goods for taxation purposes. 

4779
04:30:52,000 --> 04:30:56,700
Temples required offerings from 
those seeking Divine favor for 

4780
04:30:56,700 --> 04:30:59,400
their business deals. 
Public baths. 

4781
04:30:59,400 --> 04:31:02,300
Yes. 
The nabateans had public baths 

4782
04:31:02,300 --> 04:31:05,400
and Innovation borrowed from 
their Greek and Roman neighbors.

4783
04:31:05,400 --> 04:31:09,400
Served as social centers, where 
business and gossip flowed. 

4784
04:31:09,400 --> 04:31:13,000
As freely as the water, you 
asked about entertainment and 

4785
04:31:13,000 --> 04:31:15,100
the guides exchanged glances 
Groening. 

4786
04:31:16,000 --> 04:31:18,900
There was a theater here. 
One of them says actually two 

4787
04:31:18,900 --> 04:31:20,500
theaters carved into the 
hillside. 

4788
04:31:22,500 --> 04:31:26,200
The nabataeans enjoyed Greek 
style, drama comedy and music. 

4789
04:31:26,200 --> 04:31:28,700
They were not austere desert to 
setting. 

4790
04:31:28,700 --> 04:31:32,500
They were Cosmopolitan 
sophisticated in interested in 

4791
04:31:32,500 --> 04:31:35,900
art and culture as much as 
prophet they wanted to enjoy 

4792
04:31:35,900 --> 04:31:39,500
their wealth not just 
accumulated one guide mentioned 

4793
04:31:39,500 --> 04:31:42,800
the remains of what was probably
a Tavon or in near the colonnade

4794
04:31:42,800 --> 04:31:46,600
and suddenly you can imagine 
tired Traders stumbling in after

4795
04:31:46,600 --> 04:31:50,700
a long journey, calling for Wine
and Food, swapping stories, 

4796
04:31:50,700 --> 04:31:54,400
about dangerous mountain passes 
and profitable deals, boasting 

4797
04:31:54,400 --> 04:31:56,500
about their exploits and 
complaining about their 

4798
04:31:56,500 --> 04:31:59,900
competitors. 
Human nature doesn't change much

4799
04:31:59,900 --> 04:32:03,800
the details shift but the 
fundamental patterns remain 

4800
04:32:03,800 --> 04:32:06,500
constant. 
The guides insist on showing you

4801
04:32:06,500 --> 04:32:10,200
what they consider Petra's true,
Marvel not the carved facades 

4802
04:32:10,200 --> 04:32:13,500
impressive as they are, but the 
water systems that made 

4803
04:32:13,500 --> 04:32:16,800
everything else possible. 
You follow them to what looks 

4804
04:32:16,800 --> 04:32:20,500
like an unremarkable Channel 
carved into the rock face along.

4805
04:32:20,500 --> 04:32:23,600
One Street. 
Water once flowed here. 

4806
04:32:23,600 --> 04:32:26,900
They explain brought from 
Springs in the mountains through

4807
04:32:26,900 --> 04:32:30,000
an engineering system. 
So sophisticated that modern 

4808
04:32:30,000 --> 04:32:33,500
experts, still study it with 
admiration and a touch of envy. 

4809
04:32:33,500 --> 04:32:37,000
You walk along this ancient 
awkward ducked following its 

4810
04:32:37,000 --> 04:32:39,600
path, as it curves with the 
natural Contours of the 

4811
04:32:39,600 --> 04:32:43,400
landscape. 
Every so often you spot evidence

4812
04:32:43,400 --> 04:32:45,600
of the nabatian engineers, 
cleverness. 

4813
04:32:46,600 --> 04:32:49,800
Little Basin where sediment 
could drop out of the water 

4814
04:32:49,800 --> 04:32:52,400
flow. 
A gentle curved designed to 

4815
04:32:52,400 --> 04:32:55,700
maintain constant water 
pressure, and a covered section 

4816
04:32:55,700 --> 04:32:58,300
that prevented evaporation 
during the hottest part of the 

4817
04:32:58,308 --> 04:33:02,100
day, the system wasn't just one 
channel but a network of 

4818
04:33:02,100 --> 04:33:05,700
channels and dams that 
collected, every possible drop 

4819
04:33:05,700 --> 04:33:09,000
of water from the seasonal rains
and Mountain runoff. 

4820
04:33:10,200 --> 04:33:13,099
The nabataeans understood that 
water doesn't just appear. 

4821
04:33:13,099 --> 04:33:17,500
When you need it, it must be 
captured stored and distributed 

4822
04:33:17,500 --> 04:33:20,200
with care. 
And this understanding, they 

4823
04:33:20,200 --> 04:33:24,000
built an entire civilization. 
One of the guides kneels beside 

4824
04:33:24,000 --> 04:33:26,300
the channel and traces, the 
interior with his finger, 

4825
04:33:26,300 --> 04:33:30,099
showing you how smooth it is. 
This smoothness wasn't 

4826
04:33:30,099 --> 04:33:34,599
accidental, he explains it. 
Reduced friction allowing water 

4827
04:33:34,599 --> 04:33:38,300
to flow more efficiently. 
Every detail was calculated. 

4828
04:33:38,300 --> 04:33:42,800
Every feature served a purpose. 
The nabataeans were engineers 

4829
04:33:42,800 --> 04:33:46,400
who thought in terms of systems 
understanding that water 

4830
04:33:46,400 --> 04:33:49,599
management required, considering
everything from Mountain Springs

4831
04:33:49,599 --> 04:33:52,900
to individual homes. 
He points out where smaller 

4832
04:33:52,900 --> 04:33:55,200
channels, branched off from the 
main aqueduct. 

4833
04:33:55,900 --> 04:33:58,099
Carrying water to different 
districts of the city. 

4834
04:33:59,000 --> 04:34:02,599
Each branch had its own control 
mechanism Stone plugs that could

4835
04:34:02,599 --> 04:34:06,099
be removed or inserted to direct
water where it was needed. 

4836
04:34:06,099 --> 04:34:10,300
Most During droughts water would
be rationed. 

4837
04:34:10,700 --> 04:34:12,599
With priority given to drinking 
cooking. 

4838
04:34:13,599 --> 04:34:17,800
During abundant periods excess 
water, went to garden fountains 

4839
04:34:17,800 --> 04:34:21,300
and the public bars, you can 
continue following the main 

4840
04:34:21,300 --> 04:34:25,200
Channel and it leads you upward 
climbing the hillside in a 

4841
04:34:25,200 --> 04:34:26,800
carefully. 
Calculated gradient. 

4842
04:34:27,800 --> 04:34:30,599
The guides explain that this 
particular Aqueduct brought 

4843
04:34:30,599 --> 04:34:34,200
water from a spring over six 
miles away, maintaining a 

4844
04:34:34,200 --> 04:34:38,400
consistent, downward slope the 
entire distance, the engineering

4845
04:34:38,400 --> 04:34:41,000
survey work alone would have 
been an impressive feat. 

4846
04:34:41,599 --> 04:34:44,800
Imagine mapping a root over 
miles of Rocky terrain, 

4847
04:34:44,800 --> 04:34:48,500
calculating elevations, and 
determining the optimal path. 

4848
04:34:48,500 --> 04:34:52,099
All without modern instruments, 
at several points along the 

4849
04:34:52,108 --> 04:34:54,500
Route. 
You see evidence of repairs made

4850
04:34:54,500 --> 04:34:57,900
over the centuries, the number 
Tans maintain their water 

4851
04:34:57,900 --> 04:35:01,400
systems religiously because 
their survival depended on it. 

4852
04:35:02,200 --> 04:35:06,099
later, inhabitants Romans and 
byzantines, can continue the 

4853
04:35:06,099 --> 04:35:08,700
main maintenance, because the 
system was too valuable to 

4854
04:35:08,700 --> 04:35:14,400
abandon Even after Petra was 
large depopulated, local Bedouin

4855
04:35:14,400 --> 04:35:16,300
tribes used parts of the water 
system. 

4856
04:35:16,300 --> 04:35:19,400
Keeping sections functional up 
to the present day. 

4857
04:35:19,400 --> 04:35:23,300
One of the guide leads you to a 
large system carved deep into 

4858
04:35:23,300 --> 04:35:26,300
the Rock. 
Its opening protected by a low 

4859
04:35:26,308 --> 04:35:30,400
wall that prevents accidents, 
linova carefully and look down 

4860
04:35:30,400 --> 04:35:34,800
into cool Darkness Somewhere, 
far below water, still collects,

4861
04:35:34,800 --> 04:35:38,500
not much, but enough that, you 
can hear the occasional drip 

4862
04:35:38,500 --> 04:35:42,099
echoing in the chamber. 
This particular system, you're 

4863
04:35:42,099 --> 04:35:44,800
told could hold enough water to 
supply the city for months. 

4864
04:35:44,800 --> 04:35:48,599
If rains failed which they 
sometimes did the systems 

4865
04:35:48,599 --> 04:35:52,300
interior walls, are plastered to
prevent seepage though, much of 

4866
04:35:52,300 --> 04:35:55,800
the plaster has deteriorated 
over time at the bottom. 

4867
04:35:55,800 --> 04:36:00,300
You can just barely make out the
glint of water, perhaps 20 feet 

4868
04:36:00,308 --> 04:36:03,300
down a metal chain, hangs down 
the wall. 

4869
04:36:03,300 --> 04:36:07,000
A modern addition to help anyone
who accidentally Falls in 

4870
04:36:07,000 --> 04:36:09,300
though. 
The guides joked that falling 

4871
04:36:09,300 --> 04:36:12,099
into ancient systems is not 
recommended as a tourist 

4872
04:36:12,099 --> 04:36:15,599
activity near the system. 
Someone has carved a warning in 

4873
04:36:15,599 --> 04:36:19,900
nabataean, script still legible.
After all these centuries, the 

4874
04:36:19,900 --> 04:36:23,099
guide translates roughly it 
warns against polluting, the 

4875
04:36:23,099 --> 04:36:26,200
water supply and declares the 
punishment for such a crime to 

4876
04:36:26,200 --> 04:36:29,099
be severe. 
Water theft was apparently the 

4877
04:36:29,099 --> 04:36:32,000
most serious offense of person 
could commit in ancient Petra, 

4878
04:36:32,000 --> 04:36:34,500
worst and stealing gold or 
Goods. 

4879
04:36:35,200 --> 04:36:38,200
You can understand why gold 
might make you rich. 

4880
04:36:39,300 --> 04:36:43,300
Water keeps you alive the guide 
shares a story about a 19th 

4881
04:36:43,300 --> 04:36:47,099
century explorer who tried to 
map Petras entire water system 

4882
04:36:47,099 --> 04:36:52,300
and gave up after weeks of work.
Having traced only a fashion of 

4883
04:36:52,308 --> 04:36:57,000
its extent The system was simply
too complex and to extensive 

4884
04:36:57,000 --> 04:37:01,099
with channels running under 
streets through buildings and 

4885
04:37:01,099 --> 04:37:03,700
across valleys on Aqueduct 
bridges that have since 

4886
04:37:03,700 --> 04:37:06,200
collapsed. 
Modern archaeologists. 

4887
04:37:06,200 --> 04:37:09,000
Using ground. 
Penetrating radar continue to 

4888
04:37:09,000 --> 04:37:11,500
discover previously unknown 
sections. 

4889
04:37:11,500 --> 04:37:14,900
You can continue following the 
water channels and they lead you

4890
04:37:14,900 --> 04:37:16,500
to what must have been a garden 
area. 

4891
04:37:17,400 --> 04:37:21,900
The soil here is different 
darker richer and clearly 

4892
04:37:21,900 --> 04:37:25,000
enriched by centuries of water 
flow and organic matter. 

4893
04:37:25,900 --> 04:37:29,200
You can still see the remnants 
of the irrigation system small 

4894
04:37:29,200 --> 04:37:32,500
channels, branching off the main
Aqueduct to water individual, 

4895
04:37:32,500 --> 04:37:36,500
planting beds. 
In the desert a garden isn't 

4896
04:37:36,500 --> 04:37:40,500
just decoration. 
It's a statement of power a 

4897
04:37:40,500 --> 04:37:43,300
demonstration that you command 
enough water to waste some on 

4898
04:37:43,300 --> 04:37:45,800
beauty. 
One of the younger guides Niels 

4899
04:37:45,800 --> 04:37:49,700
and digs in the soil, pulling up
A Shard of pottery, its glazed, 

4900
04:37:49,700 --> 04:37:54,000
in a pale, green color decorated
with a simple geometric pattern,

4901
04:37:54,000 --> 04:37:58,300
part of a plant pot, He suggests
or maybe a serving dish from 

4902
04:37:58,300 --> 04:38:02,200
when this Garden hosted parties.
And Gatherings, he handed to you

4903
04:38:02,200 --> 04:38:05,200
and you turn it over in your 
hands marveling at how 

4904
04:38:05,200 --> 04:38:07,200
something. 
So, fragile survived, when in 

4905
04:38:07,200 --> 04:38:10,900
Tire Empires crumbled, the 
Garden area overlooks, the main 

4906
04:38:10,900 --> 04:38:14,599
city offering a view of facade's
ancient streets. 

4907
04:38:15,599 --> 04:38:18,099
You can imagine nabataean, 
Nobles sitting here in the 

4908
04:38:18,108 --> 04:38:21,700
evening, enjoying the cool air 
and the sound of water trickling

4909
04:38:21,700 --> 04:38:25,000
through irrigation channels, 
discussing politics and trade 

4910
04:38:25,000 --> 04:38:28,000
while surrounded by flowers and 
fruit trees that had no business

4911
04:38:28,000 --> 04:38:31,599
surviving in a desert climate. 
The garden would have been a 

4912
04:38:31,599 --> 04:38:33,300
demonstration of their victory 
over nature. 

4913
04:38:33,300 --> 04:38:37,700
Their ability to bend even the 
harsh desert their will Looking 

4914
04:38:37,700 --> 04:38:40,700
at the gardens layout, you 
notice, it was terrorists with 

4915
04:38:40,700 --> 04:38:42,900
each level slightly lower than 
the one of it. 

4916
04:38:43,599 --> 04:38:46,400
This allowed water to flow 
naturally from one Terrace to 

4917
04:38:46,408 --> 04:38:49,599
the next and showing even 
distribution and preventing 

4918
04:38:49,599 --> 04:38:53,200
waste. 
Even in ornamental space is even

4919
04:38:53,200 --> 04:38:56,500
in areas, designed purely for 
pleasure, the nabataeans 

4920
04:38:56,500 --> 04:39:00,000
maintain their engineering 
precision and respect for Waters

4921
04:39:00,000 --> 04:39:02,400
value. 
The afternoon heat has built to 

4922
04:39:02,408 --> 04:39:06,599
its peak now and you understand 
viscerally why the Napa in spent

4923
04:39:06,599 --> 04:39:10,700
so much effort on Water Systems 
without constant hydration? 

4924
04:39:10,700 --> 04:39:13,300
The desert becomes genuinely 
dangerous. 

4925
04:39:14,300 --> 04:39:18,500
You drink from your water skin 
grateful for it and think about 

4926
04:39:18,500 --> 04:39:22,300
how different life must have 
been when every drop had to be 

4927
04:39:22,300 --> 04:39:26,700
consciously managed when running
out meant death, and when rain 

4928
04:39:26,700 --> 04:39:30,500
was literally a blessing worth 
celebrating with festivals and 

4929
04:39:30,500 --> 04:39:33,900
offering to the gods, one of the
guy's mentioned that during 

4930
04:39:33,900 --> 04:39:36,900
major festivals, the nabatea 
would sometimes run wines 

4931
04:39:36,900 --> 04:39:40,300
through their Fountain systems 
and of water, a display of 

4932
04:39:40,300 --> 04:39:42,600
wealth. 
So extravagant in borders on 

4933
04:39:42,600 --> 04:39:46,000
absurd. 
Imagine standing in the plaza 

4934
04:39:46,000 --> 04:39:49,700
and seeing wine flowing from 
public, fountains available to 

4935
04:39:49,700 --> 04:39:52,400
anyone who wanted it. 
It would have been about 

4936
04:39:52,400 --> 04:39:55,700
generous hospitality and an 
unmistakable demonstration of 

4937
04:39:55,700 --> 04:39:57,900
power. 
We have so much wealth that we 

4938
04:39:57,908 --> 04:40:00,000
can literally pour wine into the
streets. 

4939
04:40:00,000 --> 04:40:03,600
You asked about water quality 
and the guides explained that 

4940
04:40:03,600 --> 04:40:06,300
the settling basins you saw 
weren't just for removing 

4941
04:40:06,300 --> 04:40:09,200
sediment. 
The nabatian understood that 

4942
04:40:09,200 --> 04:40:13,000
allowing water to sit exposed to
air for a period improved its 

4943
04:40:13,000 --> 04:40:16,300
taste and quality they didn't 
know about irrational or 

4944
04:40:16,300 --> 04:40:19,700
oxidation in modern scientific 
terms but they understood the 

4945
04:40:19,700 --> 04:40:23,800
Practical result water tasted 
better after sitting in an open 

4946
04:40:23,800 --> 04:40:27,000
basement for a while. 
The Water Systems also included 

4947
04:40:27,000 --> 04:40:30,800
something unexpected, public 
fountains positioned at regular 

4948
04:40:30,800 --> 04:40:33,800
intervals, throughout the city 
of available to all residents, 

4949
04:40:33,800 --> 04:40:38,000
regardless of wealth or status. 
This Democratic approach to 

4950
04:40:38,000 --> 04:40:41,000
water distribution, helped 
maintain social, cohesion. 

4951
04:40:41,800 --> 04:40:45,000
In a society where wealth 
inequality could easily lead to 

4952
04:40:45,000 --> 04:40:48,000
unrest, ensuring everyone had 
access to clean. 

4953
04:40:48,000 --> 04:40:51,800
Water was both practical 
governance and a humanitarian 

4954
04:40:51,800 --> 04:40:55,100
consideration as you walk back 
to all the main city. 

4955
04:40:55,100 --> 04:40:59,200
Following the aqueduct downhill.
You pass several more systems 

4956
04:40:59,200 --> 04:41:02,600
and other settling Basin and 
what looks like in ancient 

4957
04:41:02,600 --> 04:41:05,200
Watermill though. 
So little remains that. 

4958
04:41:05,200 --> 04:41:09,200
It's hard to be certain The 
guides, confirm your guests. 

4959
04:41:09,800 --> 04:41:34,000
Yes, the nabatanzi. 
The largest the Great temple 

4960
04:41:34,000 --> 04:41:36,400
sprawls across a terrorist 
carved and built into the 

4961
04:41:36,408 --> 04:41:39,300
hillside. 
Climbing the ancient steps. 

4962
04:41:39,300 --> 04:41:42,600
You feel the temperature still 
radiating from the Stone hours 

4963
04:41:42,600 --> 04:41:46,100
of absorbed sunlight. 
Slowly releasing, the Temple's 

4964
04:41:46,100 --> 04:41:50,200
layout reveals itself in layers.
First a large Courtyard where 

4965
04:41:50,200 --> 04:41:53,400
worshipers would have gathered 
then a series of columns, 

4966
04:41:53,400 --> 04:41:56,400
leading to the temple. 
Proper some Still Standing 

4967
04:41:56,400 --> 04:42:00,800
others reduced to Drums of stone
lying, like scattered coins. 

4968
04:42:01,800 --> 04:42:04,700
The Columns that remain, 
upright, cast Long Shadows in 

4969
04:42:04,700 --> 04:42:07,700
the late afternoon, light 
creating patterns on the ground 

4970
04:42:07,700 --> 04:42:10,800
that shift and dance. 
As you move between them, what 

4971
04:42:10,800 --> 04:42:13,700
strikes you most is the 
synthesis of styles. 

4972
04:42:13,700 --> 04:42:18,100
The nabataeans were Traders 
exposed to Egyptian, Greek, 

4973
04:42:18,100 --> 04:42:21,800
Roman and Arabian influences and
their religious architecture. 

4974
04:42:21,800 --> 04:42:25,500
Reflects this cultural 
crossroads You see, Egyptian 

4975
04:42:25,500 --> 04:42:28,900
style capitals next to 
Corinthian columns and Arabian 

4976
04:42:28,900 --> 04:42:32,100
geometric patterns alongside 
Hellenistic sculptures. 

4977
04:42:33,000 --> 04:42:37,000
Rather than creating confusion, 
this blending feels intentional 

4978
04:42:37,000 --> 04:42:40,800
even harmonious. 
A visual representation of the 

4979
04:42:40,800 --> 04:42:44,000
people comfortable. 
Moving Between Worlds, The 

4980
04:42:44,000 --> 04:42:46,600
Columns themselves are 
remarkable works of engineering.

4981
04:42:46,600 --> 04:42:50,400
Each one is carved from a single
piece of stone fluted with 

4982
04:42:50,400 --> 04:42:53,500
precision and topped with 
capitals that show different 

4983
04:42:53,500 --> 04:42:56,300
decorative Styles. 
Some columns have been 

4984
04:42:56,300 --> 04:43:00,200
re-elected by archaeologists and
you can see the modern concrete 

4985
04:43:00,200 --> 04:43:02,000
used to join the ancient drums 
together. 

4986
04:43:03,000 --> 04:43:04,800
These repairs are obvious up 
close. 

4987
04:43:05,700 --> 04:43:09,100
From a distance, The Columns. 
Once again, stand as they did 

4988
04:43:09,100 --> 04:43:13,500
centuries ago, supporting 
nothing but Sky yet, still 

4989
04:43:13,500 --> 04:43:16,400
magnificent. 
You enter what was once the 

4990
04:43:16,400 --> 04:43:20,900
innocent of now open to the sky.
The walls here are carved with 

4991
04:43:20,908 --> 04:43:24,600
nietes that would have held 
statues or offering some still 

4992
04:43:24,600 --> 04:43:28,700
contained fragments. 
Stonehand here part of a face, 

4993
04:43:28,700 --> 04:43:31,700
their piece of gods whose names 
have been largely forgotten. 

4994
04:43:33,000 --> 04:43:36,500
The nabataeans worshiped to 
Shara their primary day at. 

4995
04:43:36,500 --> 04:43:40,600
He often represented as a block 
of stone rather than a human 

4996
04:43:40,600 --> 04:43:42,600
form. 
You spot. 

4997
04:43:42,600 --> 04:43:46,000
What might be one of these 
sacred blocks in a corner worn 

4998
04:43:46,000 --> 04:43:49,200
Smooth by time in the touch of 
countless faithful hands. 

4999
04:43:49,200 --> 04:43:53,300
The inner sanctum floor is paved
with fitted Stones, many 

5000
04:43:53,300 --> 04:43:56,100
displaced by earthquakes but 
still showing the original 

5001
04:43:56,100 --> 04:44:00,400
pattern In the center, a 
rectangular depression marks. 

5002
04:44:00,400 --> 04:44:04,200
What was probably an altar where
priests made offerings animals 

5003
04:44:04,200 --> 04:44:09,400
sacrificed incense burned and 
wine poured out as libation. 

5004
04:44:10,500 --> 04:44:14,100
You can almost smell the smoke 
of ancient fires and hear the 

5005
04:44:14,100 --> 04:44:17,000
prayers and chants that filled 
this space during religious 

5006
04:44:17,000 --> 04:44:19,800
ceremonies along one wall. 
You find a series of 

5007
04:44:19,808 --> 04:44:23,600
inscriptions in nabata and 
script These are dedications 

5008
04:44:23,600 --> 04:44:27,000
from worshipers, your told by a 
guide, who is followed you into 

5009
04:44:27,008 --> 04:44:31,300
the temple, they thanked her for
safe Journeys, successful 

5010
04:44:31,300 --> 04:44:35,500
business deals, healthy children
and victory over enemies. 

5011
04:44:36,800 --> 04:44:40,500
The concerns of ancient people 
expressed in language, you can't

5012
04:44:40,500 --> 04:44:44,000
read, but can absolutely 
understand because human hopes 

5013
04:44:44,000 --> 04:44:47,400
and fears, don't change much 
across Millennia, a smaller 

5014
04:44:47,400 --> 04:44:51,200
temple nearby appears to have 
been dedicated to also a 

5015
04:44:51,200 --> 04:44:53,100
goddess. 
The nabataeans identified with 

5016
04:44:53,100 --> 04:44:58,100
Venus This structure features, 
more delicate, carvings flowers,

5017
04:44:58,100 --> 04:45:01,700
and Vines wind up the columns 
and you can still make out what 

5018
04:45:01,700 --> 04:45:04,300
might be doves or other birds 
among the decorative elements. 

5019
04:45:05,200 --> 04:45:09,300
Someone has left modern flowers 
at what was probably the altar a

5020
04:45:09,300 --> 04:45:11,600
continuation of devotion across 
2000 years. 

5021
04:45:11,600 --> 04:45:16,100
Even if the specific deity has 
changed the Eliza Temple is 

5022
04:45:16,100 --> 04:45:19,400
smaller but more intimate than 
the Great temple, its 

5023
04:45:19,400 --> 04:45:22,600
proportions feel more human 
scaled less intended to 

5024
04:45:22,600 --> 04:45:26,300
overwhelm with grandia and more 
designed to create a space for 

5025
04:45:26,300 --> 04:45:28,100
personal connection with the 
divine. 

5026
04:45:28,900 --> 04:45:32,200
The chambers here are smaller. 
The decorations more details 

5027
04:45:32,200 --> 04:45:34,500
suggesting. 
This was perhaps a place for 

5028
04:45:34,500 --> 04:45:36,700
individual prayer, rather than 
large public. 

5029
04:45:36,700 --> 04:45:38,800
Ceremonies you sit on a low 
wall. 

5030
04:45:38,800 --> 04:45:42,300
That wants separated Sacred 
Space from common ground and 

5031
04:45:42,300 --> 04:45:45,900
watch the light change on the 
temples, the stone shifts from 

5032
04:45:45,900 --> 04:45:49,300
Bright gold to deeper orange. 
Then toured that particular 

5033
04:45:49,300 --> 04:45:52,400
shade of red pink that seems to 
exist, only in Petra. 

5034
04:45:53,900 --> 04:45:57,800
Other visitors wander through 
some photographing others. 

5035
04:45:57,800 --> 04:46:02,100
Just experiencing. 
Small child breaks away from her

5036
04:46:02,100 --> 04:46:06,400
parents and spins in circles 
Among The Columns her laughter 

5037
04:46:06,400 --> 04:46:10,600
echoing off ancient walls and 
you can't help but smile at the 

5038
04:46:10,600 --> 04:46:13,800
thought that children probably 
did exactly the same thing to 

5039
04:46:13,800 --> 04:46:16,800
Millennia ago. 
The wind picks up slightly and 

5040
04:46:16,800 --> 04:46:19,000
you notice how it sounds 
different moving through the 

5041
04:46:19,000 --> 04:46:22,900
temple, complex, whistling 
around columns, moaning through 

5042
04:46:22,900 --> 04:46:26,200
empty window frames and creating
unintentional music. 

5043
04:46:27,200 --> 04:46:30,100
The nabataeans must have heard 
this same Wind Song and must 

5044
04:46:30,100 --> 04:46:32,300
have attributed. 
Meaning to its variations, 

5045
04:46:32,300 --> 04:46:36,100
perhaps certain winds were 
considered good Omens, others 

5046
04:46:36,100 --> 04:46:39,500
warnings Perhaps the priests 
claimed to interpret the 

5047
04:46:39,500 --> 04:46:43,100
messages carried on desert. 
Are you stand and explore? 

5048
04:46:43,100 --> 04:46:44,600
The smaller structures 
surrounding. 

5049
04:46:44,600 --> 04:46:48,000
The main temples, what looked 
like administrative building's 

5050
04:46:48,000 --> 04:46:51,700
storage rooms and possibly 
living quarters for priests and 

5051
04:46:51,708 --> 04:46:54,800
Temple workers. 
These are less elaborate but no 

5052
04:46:54,800 --> 04:46:58,800
less interesting in their way 
One building still has sections 

5053
04:46:58,800 --> 04:47:03,000
of its roof intact creating a 
cool shadowed space that offers 

5054
04:47:03,000 --> 04:47:07,100
relief from the afternoon heat. 
You step inside and find what 

5055
04:47:07,100 --> 04:47:10,700
might have been an archive room 
with carved slots and the walls 

5056
04:47:10,700 --> 04:47:12,900
were Scrolls or tablets could 
have been stored. 

5057
04:47:12,900 --> 04:47:16,000
The archive room makes you think
about all the records that were 

5058
04:47:16,000 --> 04:47:19,600
kept here? 
Temple accounts, religious texts

5059
04:47:19,600 --> 04:47:22,900
copies of important. 
Contracts, blessed by priests 

5060
04:47:22,900 --> 04:47:26,000
and astronomical. 
Observations used to determine 

5061
04:47:26,000 --> 04:47:30,600
Festival dates. 
Almost all of it is gone now. a 

5062
04:47:30,600 --> 04:47:33,900
pirates and parchment rotted 
away, centuries ago, knowledge 

5063
04:47:33,900 --> 04:47:37,100
lost to time and the deserts 
harsh preservation requirements,

5064
04:47:38,000 --> 04:47:40,700
Stone, survives, organic 
materials. 

5065
04:47:40,700 --> 04:47:43,400
Mostly don't in another small 
building. 

5066
04:47:43,400 --> 04:47:45,600
You find what was clearly a 
kitchen area. 

5067
04:47:45,600 --> 04:47:50,300
A half-built into one wall, a 
smoke black and ceiling and 

5068
04:47:50,300 --> 04:47:54,200
carved channels that would have 
directed water for washing. even

5069
04:47:54,200 --> 04:47:57,900
priests need to eat and Temple 
life included, mundane 

5070
04:47:57,900 --> 04:48:01,300
activities, alongside religious 
ceremonies There's something 

5071
04:48:01,308 --> 04:48:04,500
comforting about finding this 
kitchen about being reminded 

5072
04:48:04,500 --> 04:48:06,800
that sacred and ordinary 
coexisted. 

5073
04:48:06,800 --> 04:48:09,300
That Holiness didn't preclude 
hunger. 

5074
04:48:09,300 --> 04:48:13,000
You find Ancient Graffiti 
scratched into one wall of the 

5075
04:48:13,000 --> 04:48:16,700
kitchen area, names, dates and 
Declarations of Love or 

5076
04:48:16,700 --> 04:48:19,700
importance. 
One inscription makes you laugh.

5077
04:48:20,500 --> 04:48:23,400
It's a complaint about the 
quality of the bread written in 

5078
04:48:23,408 --> 04:48:27,800
navigation script. 2000 years 
ago, some Temple worker was a 

5079
04:48:27,800 --> 04:48:31,700
noid by bad bread that he felt 
compelled to carve his 

5080
04:48:31,700 --> 04:48:33,600
displeasure into permanent 
Stone. 

5081
04:48:34,400 --> 04:48:38,500
Something's truly are Universal 
returning to the main Temple. 

5082
04:48:38,500 --> 04:48:42,100
Courtyard, you notice how the 
complex is oriented to catch 

5083
04:48:42,100 --> 04:48:45,000
specific, angles of sunlight 
during different seasons. 

5084
04:48:46,000 --> 04:48:48,900
During the summer solstice, the 
Rising Sun would have 

5085
04:48:48,900 --> 04:48:53,000
illuminated the main altar 
during the winter solstice, it 

5086
04:48:53,000 --> 04:48:54,200
would have lit a different 
section. 

5087
04:48:55,100 --> 04:48:58,700
The nabataeans built their 
temples as solar calendars using

5088
04:48:58,700 --> 04:49:02,600
architecture to Mark times 
passage and connect human ritual

5089
04:49:02,600 --> 04:49:05,500
to Celestial Cycles. 
The temples position. 

5090
04:49:05,500 --> 04:49:08,500
All so offers commanding views 
of the surrounding City and 

5091
04:49:08,500 --> 04:49:10,600
Landscape. 
Standing here. 

5092
04:49:10,600 --> 04:49:15,000
You can see the entire Central 
Valley, the dark line of the 

5093
04:49:15,000 --> 04:49:19,100
sick cutting through Cliffs and 
distant tomb for SARS glowing in

5094
04:49:19,100 --> 04:49:22,700
the afternoon light. 
This was an accidental 

5095
04:49:22,700 --> 04:49:25,800
positioning the Temple's 
literally and figuratively 

5096
04:49:25,800 --> 04:49:29,700
looked down upon the city. 
Reminding everyone of the Gods 

5097
04:49:29,700 --> 04:49:33,200
press presents, the priests 
Authority and the sacred 

5098
04:49:33,200 --> 04:49:35,500
Dimension underlying Every Day 
Life. 

5099
04:49:35,500 --> 04:49:37,700
You wonder what festivals looked
like here. 

5100
04:49:38,600 --> 04:49:40,100
Processions. 
Climbing the temple. 

5101
04:49:40,100 --> 04:49:42,700
Steps. 
Priests in elaborate robes. 

5102
04:49:42,700 --> 04:49:46,500
Musicians, playing instruments. 
Now lost and people singing 

5103
04:49:46,500 --> 04:49:50,600
hymns in languages, nobody 
speaks anymore. sacrificial 

5104
04:49:50,600 --> 04:49:54,100
animals were led to the altar, 
their blood offered to Gods who 

5105
04:49:54,100 --> 04:49:58,000
may, or may not have existed but
certainly existed in the hearts 

5106
04:49:58,000 --> 04:50:02,000
and minds of the faithful 
Incense smoke Rising toward the 

5107
04:50:02,000 --> 04:50:06,500
sky prayers are sending with it 
and hopes and fears laid. 

5108
04:50:06,500 --> 04:50:10,200
Before the Divine, one of the 
columns has fallen in such a way

5109
04:50:10,200 --> 04:50:14,400
that you can easily examine its 
capital up close the carving is 

5110
04:50:14,400 --> 04:50:18,900
exquisite a compass leaves curl 
and spiral with Botanical 

5111
04:50:18,900 --> 04:50:22,400
accuracy and between them, small
figures emerge. 

5112
04:50:23,100 --> 04:50:26,900
Dancing women, musicians and 
creatures, that might be sacred 

5113
04:50:26,900 --> 04:50:32,000
animals or mythological beings. 
Each figure is distinct details 

5114
04:50:32,000 --> 04:50:36,600
and clearly carved by someone 
who cared about their work and 

5115
04:50:36,600 --> 04:50:39,700
to wanted it to be beautiful as 
well as structurally sound. 

5116
04:50:39,700 --> 04:50:43,000
The quality of light changes 
dramatically as the sun, 

5117
04:50:43,000 --> 04:50:46,100
approaches The Horizon, 
everything takes on a warmer 

5118
04:50:46,100 --> 04:50:48,300
gloves. 
Softer, somehow, as if the 

5119
04:50:48,300 --> 04:50:52,300
desert itself is preparing for 
rest, you make your way to the 

5120
04:50:52,300 --> 04:50:56,300
monastery, a deer, a structure, 
even larger than the treasury. 

5121
04:50:56,300 --> 04:51:00,700
But requiring a significant 
climb to reach 800 steps carved 

5122
04:51:00,700 --> 04:51:03,800
into the rock face LED upward 
and You Begin the ascent. 

5123
04:51:03,800 --> 04:51:07,400
The Climb is gradual enough that
it's not too taxing if you take 

5124
04:51:07,400 --> 04:51:10,500
it slowly pausing occasionally 
to look back at The View. 

5125
04:51:11,500 --> 04:51:15,200
With each level gained more of 
Petra reveals itself below you 

5126
04:51:15,200 --> 04:51:19,300
the entire Valley spreading out 
in shades of rows and gold. 

5127
04:51:19,300 --> 04:51:23,800
The carved facades catching the 
light and the dark snake of the 

5128
04:51:23,800 --> 04:51:25,700
Sikh, cutting through the 
cliffs. 

5129
04:51:26,400 --> 04:51:29,400
You can see why the Ancients put
important structures on High 

5130
04:51:29,400 --> 04:51:30,900
Ground. 
The View alone. 

5131
04:51:30,900 --> 04:51:34,700
Inspires reverence the steps 
themselves are fascinating in 

5132
04:51:34,700 --> 04:51:37,800
their variety. 
Some are carefully carved and 

5133
04:51:37,800 --> 04:51:41,700
uniform in height and depth. 
Others are natural formations 

5134
04:51:41,700 --> 04:51:43,600
modified just enough to be 
passive. 

5135
04:51:44,600 --> 04:51:47,900
A few sections include handholds
carved into the adjacent rock 

5136
04:51:47,900 --> 04:51:50,100
face. 
Suggesting that even the 

5137
04:51:50,100 --> 04:51:52,600
nabataeans found these 
particular stretches 

5138
04:51:52,600 --> 04:51:56,600
challenging. your legs begin to 
protest the sustained climbing, 

5139
04:51:56,600 --> 04:52:00,600
but you push on curious to see 
what weights at the top halfway 

5140
04:52:00,600 --> 04:52:04,300
up, you disturb a small herd of 
wild goats that apparently used 

5141
04:52:04,300 --> 04:52:08,000
these ancient stairs as their 
personal Highway, They scatter 

5142
04:52:08,000 --> 04:52:11,900
with indignant bleeding Hooves. 
Clicking on Stone, then. 

5143
04:52:11,900 --> 04:52:14,600
Stop a safe, distance away to 
stare at you, accusingly. 

5144
04:52:15,700 --> 04:52:19,200
One kid performs, a little hop 
of pure goat exuberance 

5145
04:52:19,200 --> 04:52:22,600
apparently just because it can 
you have to laugh at its 

5146
04:52:22,600 --> 04:52:26,200
enthusiasm for verticality? 
The goats are perfectly adapted 

5147
04:52:26,200 --> 04:52:29,500
to this environment. 
Now navigating steep Rock faces 

5148
04:52:29,500 --> 04:52:32,400
with casual confidence. 
That makes your careful climbing

5149
04:52:32,400 --> 04:52:35,600
seem clumsy. 
You watch them for a moment as 

5150
04:52:35,600 --> 04:52:39,300
they resumed, their own Journey.
Moving almost vertically up a 

5151
04:52:39,300 --> 04:52:41,600
cliff face that you wouldn't 
attempt without modern climbing 

5152
04:52:41,600 --> 04:52:44,400
equipment. 
They reach an impossible ledge 

5153
04:52:44,400 --> 04:52:48,000
settle down in a patch of shade 
and proceeded to ignore you, 

5154
04:52:48,000 --> 04:52:50,400
completely, you pass several 
carved. 

5155
04:52:50,400 --> 04:52:53,500
Monuments on the way up. 
Smaller than the monastery, but 

5156
04:52:53,500 --> 04:52:56,900
still impressive. 
These are tombs shrines or 

5157
04:52:56,900 --> 04:53:00,400
possibly both their facades 
simplified compared to the 

5158
04:53:00,400 --> 04:53:02,100
elaborate structures in the main
city. 

5159
04:53:02,900 --> 04:53:04,900
Up here. 
The focus seems to have been 

5160
04:53:04,908 --> 04:53:08,500
less on decoration and more on 
the act of climbing itself. 

5161
04:53:08,500 --> 04:53:12,100
The pilgrimage aspect of 
reaching these Heights, one 

5162
04:53:12,100 --> 04:53:14,500
particularly interesting 
Monument features a large carved

5163
04:53:14,500 --> 04:53:17,500
Niche with a relief showing what
might be a deer or important 

5164
04:53:17,500 --> 04:53:20,300
figure. 
The Carving has been worn Smooth

5165
04:53:20,300 --> 04:53:25,200
by wind and time details lost. 
You can still make out the basic

5166
04:53:25,200 --> 04:53:27,700
form. 
A standing figure with raised 

5167
04:53:27,700 --> 04:53:30,100
arms, perhaps in blessing 
perhaps in worship. 

5168
04:53:30,100 --> 04:53:34,200
Perhaps in simple, greeting to 
whoever made the climb to visit 

5169
04:53:34,200 --> 04:53:38,500
them as you climb higher, the 
vegetation changes down in the 

5170
04:53:38,508 --> 04:53:42,600
valley plant life is sparse. 
And specialized up here, you 

5171
04:53:42,600 --> 04:53:46,600
find slightly more variety, 
Hardy shrubs, small flowers, 

5172
04:53:46,600 --> 04:53:50,600
tucked into crevices and even a 
stunted tree growing at an angle

5173
04:53:50,600 --> 04:53:54,600
from a crack in the rock. 
Life finds a way even in the 

5174
04:53:54,600 --> 04:53:58,000
most unlikely, places and seeing
these plants thriving, despite 

5175
04:53:58,000 --> 04:54:00,900
everything fills you, with 
something like, hope the 

5176
04:54:00,900 --> 04:54:03,100
monastery finally appears around
a curve. 

5177
04:54:03,100 --> 04:54:06,300
And even though you were 
expecting it the scale, still 

5178
04:54:06,300 --> 04:54:12,300
shocks you this facade measures 
150 feet across and over 150 

5179
04:54:12,300 --> 04:54:16,500
feet tall larger than the 
treasury less ornate, but 

5180
04:54:16,500 --> 04:54:20,500
somehow more powerful in its 
relative simplicity The central 

5181
04:54:20,500 --> 04:54:25,400
doorway stands 46 feet high 
proportioned for Giants or Gods 

5182
04:54:25,400 --> 04:54:29,200
rather than ordinary humans. 
You cross the plaza in front of 

5183
04:54:29,200 --> 04:54:30,700
the monastery. 
Your footsteps. 

5184
04:54:30,700 --> 04:54:34,600
Echoing in the southern quiet. 
Most tourists don't make the 

5185
04:54:34,600 --> 04:54:36,800
climb. 
So up here you find relative 

5186
04:54:36,800 --> 04:54:41,500
Solitude, just you the monument 
and the vast desert landscape 

5187
04:54:41,500 --> 04:54:45,600
spreading in all directions. 
The monastery faces West 

5188
04:54:45,600 --> 04:54:49,900
perfectly positioned to catch 
the sunset and you find a 

5189
04:54:49,900 --> 04:54:53,100
comfortable Rock to sit on. 
Settling in to wait for the 

5190
04:54:53,100 --> 04:54:54,300
light show, you've been told 
about. 

5191
04:54:55,300 --> 04:54:58,800
Sarge shows some weathering. 
The doorway frame is still crisp

5192
04:54:58,800 --> 04:55:01,100
and clear. 
The decorative elements on the 

5193
04:55:01,100 --> 04:55:05,300
upper levels of softened details
lost to Millennia of wind 

5194
04:55:05,300 --> 04:55:09,200
carrying sound particles that 
slowly erode even Stone. 

5195
04:55:09,900 --> 04:55:12,800
Yet the overall structure 
remains sound Still Standing 

5196
04:55:12,800 --> 04:55:17,300
proud after 2000 years of 
Desert, weather, earthquakes and

5197
04:55:17,300 --> 04:55:20,900
simple passage of time. 
You walk to the doorway and step

5198
04:55:20,908 --> 04:55:24,400
inside. 
Like the treasury, the interior 

5199
04:55:24,400 --> 04:55:28,000
is relatively simple. 
One large chamber carved into 

5200
04:55:28,000 --> 04:55:30,600
the mountain with smooth and 
unadorned walls. 

5201
04:55:31,300 --> 04:55:35,700
But the space feels different up
here. sacred somehow or perhaps 

5202
04:55:35,700 --> 04:55:39,800
just more remote separated from 
the World by elevation and 

5203
04:55:39,800 --> 04:55:42,700
effort. 
Standing in the chamber. 

5204
04:55:42,700 --> 04:55:45,500
You can hear the wind moving 
across the facade outside. 

5205
04:55:46,500 --> 04:55:49,500
A low whistle that might have 
been interpreted as a Divine 

5206
04:55:49,500 --> 04:55:51,500
Voice. 
By those who came here. 

5207
04:55:51,500 --> 04:55:55,500
Seeking guidance back out side. 
You notice details, you missed 

5208
04:55:55,500 --> 04:55:59,700
at first Small carved channels 
run along the plaza floor. 

5209
04:55:59,700 --> 04:56:04,800
Another water collection system 
in that even up here at this 

5210
04:56:04,800 --> 04:56:08,300
remote height, precious 
rainwater could be captured and 

5211
04:56:08,300 --> 04:56:13,100
directed to systems, The 
nabataeans obsession with water 

5212
04:56:13,100 --> 04:56:16,100
management extended to every 
corner of their territory. 

5213
04:56:16,100 --> 04:56:19,700
Every structure they built has 
the sun sinks low. 

5214
04:56:19,700 --> 04:56:24,700
The Sandstone begins to Glow, 
not reflect light glow, as if 

5215
04:56:24,700 --> 04:56:29,700
illuminated from within Color 
deepens from rows to Coral to 

5216
04:56:29,700 --> 04:56:33,200
deep orange red. 
So vivid it almost seems 

5217
04:56:33,200 --> 04:56:38,100
artificial You watch the 
transformation understanding why

5218
04:56:38,100 --> 04:56:42,100
ancient people's worship the sun
seeing in its daily death, and 

5219
04:56:42,100 --> 04:56:46,500
Resurrection, a powerful 
metaphor for eternal return for 

5220
04:56:46,500 --> 04:56:50,000
Hope for the Persistence of Life
against Darkness. 

5221
04:56:50,000 --> 04:56:54,400
The mountains in the distance 
turn purple and deep blue, their

5222
04:56:54,400 --> 04:56:57,500
Shadows lengthening Across The 
Valleys below the air cools. 

5223
04:56:57,500 --> 04:57:01,100
Noticeably that dramatic 
temperature shift that deserts 

5224
04:57:01,100 --> 04:57:05,400
specialize in You pull a light 
cloak from your pack and wrap it

5225
04:57:05,400 --> 04:57:08,500
around your shoulders grateful 
for the warmth while still 

5226
04:57:08,500 --> 04:57:12,500
enjoying the spectacular light 
show unfolding before you a 

5227
04:57:12,500 --> 04:57:15,200
raven lands on the top of the 
monasteries and silhouetted 

5228
04:57:15,200 --> 04:57:18,900
against the sky. 
It calls out a harsh. 

5229
04:57:18,900 --> 04:57:22,500
Echoing sound that somehow fits 
the moment perfectly. 

5230
04:57:23,700 --> 04:57:27,000
Another Raven arms as from 
somewhere in the cliffs and for 

5231
04:57:27,000 --> 04:57:30,100
a moment, your part of a 
conversation between Birds rocks

5232
04:57:30,100 --> 04:57:33,400
and the fading day, other 
visitors have made the climb and

5233
04:57:33,400 --> 04:57:35,000
now it's scattered across the 
plaza. 

5234
04:57:35,000 --> 04:57:38,100
All watching the same 
transformation, your witnessing.

5235
04:57:38,100 --> 04:57:43,900
Nobody speaks there's nothing to
say Sometimes Beauty simply 

5236
04:57:43,900 --> 04:57:47,000
demands silence and this is one 
of those moments. 

5237
04:57:47,000 --> 04:57:50,800
The only sounds of the wind, the
occasional call of a bird and 

5238
04:57:50,808 --> 04:57:54,400
the quiet breathing of all 
humans, watching Stone turned to

5239
04:57:54,400 --> 04:57:57,500
fire. 
Sun, touches the Horizon and the

5240
04:57:57,500 --> 04:58:00,800
light intensifies for just a 
minute or two, everything 

5241
04:58:00,800 --> 04:58:04,600
burning with color. 
The monastery facade seems to 

5242
04:58:04,608 --> 04:58:08,900
vibrate with intensity every 
carved detail picked out in 

5243
04:58:08,900 --> 04:58:12,100
brilliant relief. 
Shadows deep and dramatic. 

5244
04:58:12,100 --> 04:58:16,500
This is the climax. 
The moment everything has been 

5245
04:58:16,500 --> 04:58:20,500
building toward and it exceeds 
all expectations, then it's gone

5246
04:58:20,500 --> 04:58:23,500
dropping below the Earth's Edge 
with the sudden that only 

5247
04:58:23,500 --> 04:58:27,500
happens in deserts and at sea, 
The stone fated immediately 

5248
04:58:27,500 --> 04:58:31,500
colored draining like water, 
leaving behind, Grays and 

5249
04:58:31,508 --> 04:58:36,200
purples and deepening Shadows. 
The show is over the desert 

5250
04:58:36,200 --> 04:58:40,200
night approaches and with it the
cold you warned about in the 

5251
04:58:40,208 --> 04:58:42,900
Twilight. 
You begin your descent more. 

5252
04:58:42,900 --> 04:58:46,700
Careful now with reduced 
visibility The stairs seemed 

5253
04:58:46,700 --> 04:58:50,600
different in this light older 
somehow more mysterious. 

5254
04:58:51,500 --> 04:58:54,700
You can imagine ancient priests 
making this climb in the dark 

5255
04:58:54,700 --> 04:58:58,900
torches, lighting their way 
chanting prayers or hymns that 

5256
04:58:58,900 --> 04:59:02,800
echoed off the canyon walls, you
can almost hear those voices and

5257
04:59:02,800 --> 04:59:06,200
feel the weight of ritual and 
belief that saturated this place

5258
04:59:06,200 --> 04:59:08,900
for centuries. 
The Descent takes longer than 

5259
04:59:08,900 --> 04:59:10,600
the climb because you're being 
cautious. 

5260
04:59:11,400 --> 04:59:13,300
Testing each step before 
committing your weight. 

5261
04:59:14,400 --> 04:59:16,200
Other visitors descend around 
you. 

5262
04:59:16,200 --> 04:59:19,800
Everyone quiet still processing 
what they've witnessed. 

5263
04:59:20,600 --> 04:59:24,100
The cooling air carries the 
scent of stone and sparse 

5264
04:59:24,100 --> 04:59:27,800
vegetation clean, and sharp in 
your nostrils about halfway 

5265
04:59:27,800 --> 04:59:29,400
down. 
You pause to look back at the 

5266
04:59:29,408 --> 04:59:30,600
monastery. 
One last time. 

5267
04:59:31,500 --> 04:59:33,900
In the Gathering Darkness, it's 
barely visible. 

5268
04:59:34,700 --> 04:59:36,700
Just a darker shape against the 
darkening. 

5269
04:59:36,700 --> 04:59:41,000
Cliff already receding into 
Shadow and memory tomorrow, the 

5270
04:59:41,000 --> 04:59:43,700
sun will rise again and bring it
back to brilliant life. 

5271
04:59:43,700 --> 04:59:49,200
But for now it rests in darkness
patient and eternal waiting as 

5272
04:59:49,200 --> 04:59:53,400
it is waiting for 2000 years 
back at the Caravan camp that 

5273
04:59:53,400 --> 04:59:55,700
night. 
You sit around the fire with the

5274
04:59:55,700 --> 04:59:58,600
guide and other Travelers and 
conversation. 

5275
04:59:58,600 --> 05:00:01,600
Turns to Petra's rediscovery by 
the west of Western world. 

5276
05:00:03,000 --> 05:00:07,700
City was never truly lost. 
Local Bedouin tribes knew of it,

5277
05:00:07,708 --> 05:00:11,900
used it and protected it for 
centuries, while Europe, forgot 

5278
05:00:11,900 --> 05:00:16,000
it existed. 
But in 1812 a Swiss Explorer 

5279
05:00:16,000 --> 05:00:21,200
named Johannes Ludwig Burkhart 
arrived in the region disguised 

5280
05:00:21,200 --> 05:00:24,800
as an Arab Muslim and became the
first European to see Petra in 

5281
05:00:24,808 --> 05:00:27,400
modern times. 
One of the guides tells the 

5282
05:00:27,400 --> 05:00:30,700
story with obvious Amusement to 
how excited Burkhart apparently 

5283
05:00:30,700 --> 05:00:33,300
became, despite trying to 
maintain his disguise. 

5284
05:00:33,300 --> 05:00:37,500
Imagine he says pretending 
you're not interested while 

5285
05:00:37,500 --> 05:00:41,100
facing the treasury for the 
first time, trying not to stare.

5286
05:00:41,100 --> 05:00:45,000
While your mind is completely 
blown, the other guy's laugh, 

5287
05:00:45,000 --> 05:00:48,400
and someone adds that the local 
Bedouin who died in Burkhart, 

5288
05:00:48,400 --> 05:00:50,800
there must have found his barely
contained enthusiasm. 

5289
05:00:50,800 --> 05:00:54,600
Highly entertaining Burkhart 
couldn't stay long or examine 

5290
05:00:54,600 --> 05:00:57,200
the site properly without 
arousing suspicion about his 

5291
05:00:57,200 --> 05:01:00,100
true identity and purpose guide 
continues. 

5292
05:01:00,100 --> 05:01:04,100
He made sketches from memory 
after leaving wrote descriptions

5293
05:01:04,100 --> 05:01:07,200
based on a brief visit. 
And died a few years later 

5294
05:01:07,200 --> 05:01:11,200
without ever returning. 
But is published accounts 

5295
05:01:11,200 --> 05:01:13,800
sparked West in imagination and 
soon. 

5296
05:01:13,800 --> 05:01:17,600
Other explorers are artists in 
archaeologists began, making the

5297
05:01:17,600 --> 05:01:21,500
journey to Petra the fire 
crackles and Pops sending Sparks

5298
05:01:21,500 --> 05:01:25,700
upward into the night sky. 
Someone adds more wood and the 

5299
05:01:25,708 --> 05:01:29,600
Flames leap higher casting 
dancing Shadows across faces 

5300
05:01:29,600 --> 05:01:32,900
gathered in the circle. 
The warmth feels good. 

5301
05:01:32,900 --> 05:01:36,000
After the day's walking and 
climbing and you stretch your 

5302
05:01:36,000 --> 05:01:40,000
tired legs toward the heat 
greatly the rediscovery brought 

5303
05:01:40,000 --> 05:01:42,700
archaeologists artists, 
explorers and eventually 

5304
05:01:42,700 --> 05:01:47,400
tourists. the guides have mixed 
feelings about this Pride that 

5305
05:01:47,400 --> 05:01:51,300
their ancestral lands are 
recognized as important wariness

5306
05:01:51,300 --> 05:01:54,200
about the impact of thousands of
feet wearing down ancient 

5307
05:01:54,200 --> 05:01:57,500
Pathways and frustration when 
tourists treat the site 

5308
05:01:57,500 --> 05:02:02,000
carelessly, One, older guide 
mentioned that his grandfather 

5309
05:02:02,000 --> 05:02:05,000
remembered. 
When you could still find intact

5310
05:02:05,000 --> 05:02:09,000
Pottery, just flying in the sand
before collectors and museums 

5311
05:02:09,000 --> 05:02:12,100
took everything that wasn't 
nailed down and some things that

5312
05:02:12,100 --> 05:02:15,600
were a younger guy argues that 
without International attention.

5313
05:02:15,600 --> 05:02:19,000
Petra might have crumbled 
completely The Jordanian 

5314
05:02:19,000 --> 05:02:21,400
government might not have 
invested in preservation. 

5315
05:02:21,400 --> 05:02:25,100
Archaeologists wouldn't have 
discovered so much about an 

5316
05:02:25,100 --> 05:02:28,200
appetite and culture in history.
Tourism brings money. 

5317
05:02:28,200 --> 05:02:31,400
That supports local communities.
It's complicated. 

5318
05:02:31,400 --> 05:02:34,900
He says, like, most things were 
thinking about carefully, but 

5319
05:02:34,900 --> 05:02:37,700
they also acknowledge that 
International recognition has 

5320
05:02:37,700 --> 05:02:41,400
brought resources for 
preservation the study and for 

5321
05:02:41,400 --> 05:02:46,700
understanding Archaeologists 
continue to make discoveries new

5322
05:02:46,700 --> 05:02:50,900
tombs, new inscriptions, new 
evidence of how the nabateans 

5323
05:02:50,900 --> 05:02:54,300
lived and died. 
Just last year, someone found 

5324
05:02:54,300 --> 05:02:58,100
what appears to be a previously.
Unknown theater carved into a 

5325
05:02:58,100 --> 05:03:02,400
cliff face that had been hidden 
behind a rockfall Petra still 

5326
05:03:02,400 --> 05:03:05,500
holds secrets and still has 
surprises to offer. 

5327
05:03:05,500 --> 05:03:08,900
You asked about the earthquake 
that damaged so much of the city

5328
05:03:08,900 --> 05:03:13,300
and the conversation terms 
somber, The ancient world 

5329
05:03:13,300 --> 05:03:17,100
existed without the benefit of 
modern sized monology without 

5330
05:03:17,100 --> 05:03:19,600
warning systems or emergency 
response. 

5331
05:03:20,400 --> 05:03:24,700
When earthquake struck and they 
struck repeatedly, people just 

5332
05:03:24,700 --> 05:03:26,800
dealt with the aftermath as best
they could. 

5333
05:03:28,000 --> 05:03:31,800
The Venturi after enough, 
destruction after trade, route 

5334
05:03:31,800 --> 05:03:34,300
shifted after the center of 
power. 

5335
05:03:34,300 --> 05:03:37,200
Moved elsewhere. 
People simply stopped 

5336
05:03:37,200 --> 05:03:40,500
rebuilding. 
Petra was gradually abandoned 

5337
05:03:40,500 --> 05:03:44,000
and left to the desert and time 
the major earthquake Came In 

5338
05:03:44,000 --> 05:03:46,900
Waves. 
One guy explained first in the 

5339
05:03:46,900 --> 05:03:49,700
fourth Century then more in the 
sixth and seventh centuries. 

5340
05:03:49,700 --> 05:03:54,300
Each one brought buildings down 
killed people and destroyed 

5341
05:03:54,300 --> 05:03:58,200
infrastructure. 
The nabataeans Descendants tried

5342
05:03:58,200 --> 05:04:01,800
to rebuild after the first few 
quotes but eventually the cost 

5343
05:04:01,800 --> 05:04:04,700
became too high. 
Maintaining a city. 

5344
05:04:04,700 --> 05:04:07,200
This elaborate requires enormous
resources. 

5345
05:04:07,200 --> 05:04:10,900
And as Petrus strategic 
importance declined, those 

5346
05:04:10,900 --> 05:04:13,700
resources dried up. 
Trade routes shifted. 

5347
05:04:13,700 --> 05:04:16,900
He continues gesturing with his 
hands to show paths, changing 

5348
05:04:17,700 --> 05:04:21,100
Maritime routes became more 
important different kingdoms 

5349
05:04:21,100 --> 05:04:22,800
Rose to power in different 
regions. 

5350
05:04:22,800 --> 05:04:26,200
Petra went from being the center
of everything to being on the 

5351
05:04:26,200 --> 05:04:29,600
periphery of nothing. 
And periphery cities, don't get 

5352
05:04:29,600 --> 05:04:32,400
the investment needed to rebuild
after natural disasters. 

5353
05:04:32,400 --> 05:04:35,900
Someone asked what happened to 
the population, and the guide 

5354
05:04:35,900 --> 05:04:41,000
shrugs, they scattered mostly 
some moved to other cities, some

5355
05:04:41,000 --> 05:04:44,900
return to nomadic Lifestyles, 
some probably stayed in Petra 

5356
05:04:44,900 --> 05:04:48,300
for Generations, after its East 
being a major Center living 

5357
05:04:48,300 --> 05:04:51,900
among the ruins, maintaining 
what they could remembering when

5358
05:04:51,900 --> 05:04:55,700
this place was magnificent. 
Eventually only the Bedouin 

5359
05:04:55,700 --> 05:04:58,500
remained and for them. 
Petra was just part of the 

5360
05:04:58,500 --> 05:05:01,200
landscape. 
Not a lost wandering 

5361
05:05:01,200 --> 05:05:03,600
rediscovery. 
The fire burns. 

5362
05:05:03,600 --> 05:05:07,700
Low and someone adds more wood 
sending Sparks spiraling upward 

5363
05:05:07,700 --> 05:05:11,200
into the night sky. 
Above Stars, Blaze with the 

5364
05:05:11,200 --> 05:05:14,700
intense City Possible, only in 
places far from Electric Light. 

5365
05:05:15,500 --> 05:05:18,300
You lie back and stare upward 
trying to pick out 

5366
05:05:18,300 --> 05:05:22,900
constellations and realize that 
the nabatian saw the same Stars 

5367
05:05:22,900 --> 05:05:26,000
navigated by them and told 
stories about them. 

5368
05:05:26,900 --> 05:05:30,200
The Stars don't care about the 
rise and fall of civilizations, 

5369
05:05:30,200 --> 05:05:33,400
they just keep burning. 
Keep Wheeling through their 

5370
05:05:33,400 --> 05:05:36,300
Eternal patterns. 
One of the older guides begins 

5371
05:05:36,300 --> 05:05:39,100
telling stories about the 
Bedouin relationship with Petra 

5372
05:05:39,100 --> 05:05:42,600
over the centuries. 
They guarded it how they showed 

5373
05:05:42,600 --> 05:05:45,400
it to Travelers sometimes for 
fees or gifts. 

5374
05:05:46,100 --> 05:05:49,700
How they protected it from 
Treasure hunters and vandals how

5375
05:05:49,700 --> 05:05:52,500
they maintained oral Traditions 
about what various buildings we 

5376
05:05:52,500 --> 05:05:56,400
used for information that later 
proved remarkably accurate. 

5377
05:05:56,400 --> 05:06:00,000
When archaeologists began 
serious excavation, he tells 

5378
05:06:00,000 --> 05:06:03,100
about early archaeologists who 
came with Colonial attitudes 

5379
05:06:03,100 --> 05:06:07,200
treating, local knowledge as 
primitive Superstition, only to 

5380
05:06:07,200 --> 05:06:11,300
discover later that the 
superstitions contained genuine,

5381
05:06:11,300 --> 05:06:15,600
historical information passed 
down through generations One 

5382
05:06:15,600 --> 05:06:18,700
archaeologist apparently spent 
weeks searching for a particular

5383
05:06:18,700 --> 05:06:21,500
Temple, that a Bedouin guide, 
could have shown him 

5384
05:06:21,500 --> 05:06:24,500
immediately. 
But the archaeologists refused 

5385
05:06:24,500 --> 05:06:28,400
to believe that an uneducated, 
native could know better than 

5386
05:06:28,400 --> 05:06:31,600
his maps and theories. 
Younger, guys laugh at this 

5387
05:06:31,600 --> 05:06:33,300
story but there's an edge to The
Loft. 

5388
05:06:33,300 --> 05:06:37,900
Laughter These tensions persist 
once says foreign archaeologists

5389
05:06:37,900 --> 05:06:39,500
still, sometimes dismiss local 
knowledge. 

5390
05:06:40,400 --> 05:06:44,000
Tourists treat Bedouin guides as
Curiosities rather than experts 

5391
05:06:44,000 --> 05:06:47,300
who know more about Petra than 
any Outsider ever will. 

5392
05:06:48,200 --> 05:06:51,200
The relationship between Petra 
and the outside world remains 

5393
05:06:51,200 --> 05:06:54,900
complicated full of power, 
dynamics, and cultural 

5394
05:06:54,900 --> 05:06:58,000
misunderstandings, but there are
also good stories. 

5395
05:06:58,000 --> 05:07:01,700
Another guide ads 
archaeologists, who listen, who 

5396
05:07:01,700 --> 05:07:03,700
collaborate? 
Who acknowledge that 

5397
05:07:03,700 --> 05:07:06,600
understanding a place requires, 
respecting the people who live 

5398
05:07:06,600 --> 05:07:09,200
there. 
Tourists who come with genuine 

5399
05:07:09,200 --> 05:07:12,000
curiosity and leave with genuine
appreciation. 

5400
05:07:13,400 --> 05:07:16,800
Scholars who helped preserve, 
not just stones, but also the 

5401
05:07:16,800 --> 05:07:19,500
oral traditions and cultural 
knowledge of the Bedouin 

5402
05:07:19,500 --> 05:07:21,800
communities. 
You asked about current 

5403
05:07:21,800 --> 05:07:24,300
archaeological work and the 
guides become animated. 

5404
05:07:25,200 --> 05:07:26,600
There's so much still to 
discover. 

5405
05:07:26,600 --> 05:07:29,700
They explain ground. 
Penetrating radar shows 

5406
05:07:29,700 --> 05:07:31,800
structures, buried, under sand 
and debris. 

5407
05:07:31,800 --> 05:07:34,600
Entire sections of the city 
remain. 

5408
05:07:34,600 --> 05:07:38,800
Unexcavated new analysis, 
technique Supply to Old finds 

5409
05:07:38,800 --> 05:07:41,900
reveal information, previous 
generations of archaeologists 

5410
05:07:41,900 --> 05:07:44,200
missed. 
Someone mentioned the recent 

5411
05:07:44,200 --> 05:07:47,400
discovery of a massive platform 
buried under the plaza in front 

5412
05:07:47,400 --> 05:07:50,600
of the treasury. 
Archaeologists aren't sure yet 

5413
05:07:50,600 --> 05:07:54,500
what it was for maybe a massive 
altar, maybe a ceremonial 

5414
05:07:54,500 --> 05:07:56,800
platform. 
Maybe the foundation for 

5415
05:07:56,800 --> 05:07:58,500
something that was never 
completed. 

5416
05:07:58,500 --> 05:08:01,300
Each answer. 
They find generates three new 

5417
05:08:01,308 --> 05:08:03,900
questions. 
Petra keeps revealing itself 

5418
05:08:03,900 --> 05:08:07,800
slowly layer by layer never 
giving up all its Secrets. 

5419
05:08:07,800 --> 05:08:11,100
At once the conversation 
eventually winds down as 

5420
05:08:11,100 --> 05:08:15,400
tiredness sets in People drift 
off to their tents calling 

5421
05:08:15,400 --> 05:08:18,600
quiet, good nights. 
Leaving the fire to burn itself 

5422
05:08:18,600 --> 05:08:23,400
out. you remain a while longer 
watching the coals glow red and 

5423
05:08:23,400 --> 05:08:27,000
orange thinking about everything
you've seen and learned today 

5424
05:08:27,000 --> 05:08:30,900
tomorrow you'll leave this place
but you know it won't leave you 

5425
05:08:31,800 --> 05:08:35,600
Petra has a way of staying with 
people of occupying space in 

5426
05:08:35,600 --> 05:08:38,800
your thoughts long. 
After you've departed in the 

5427
05:08:38,800 --> 05:08:42,900
morning, you'll walk through the
essay One Last Time, say your 

5428
05:08:42,900 --> 05:08:45,800
goodbyes to the treasury in the 
monastery and carry away. 

5429
05:08:45,800 --> 05:08:49,800
Memory is carved as deeply as 
the facade's themselves morning 

5430
05:08:49,800 --> 05:08:52,300
comes again. 
And this is your last day in 

5431
05:08:52,300 --> 05:08:55,400
Petra. 
You awake Before Dawn wanting to

5432
05:08:55,400 --> 05:08:58,000
walk through the sick one more 
time in the early light. 

5433
05:08:58,700 --> 05:09:01,700
Wanting to say goodbye properly 
to this place that has captured 

5434
05:09:01,700 --> 05:09:03,300
your imagination and won't let 
go. 

5435
05:09:03,300 --> 05:09:06,300
The sick is different in the 
Morning Light than it was. 

5436
05:09:06,300 --> 05:09:09,000
When you first arrived. 
You know what, weights at the 

5437
05:09:09,008 --> 05:09:11,200
end now. 
So instead of rushing toward the

5438
05:09:11,200 --> 05:09:15,000
reveal you take your time 
noticing details, you missed 

5439
05:09:15,000 --> 05:09:17,500
before. 
The way water has carved 

5440
05:09:17,500 --> 05:09:21,700
specific patterns into the Rock.
The places where ancient tool 

5441
05:09:21,700 --> 05:09:24,900
marks are still visible, the 
small flowers growing in 

5442
05:09:24,900 --> 05:09:28,300
impossible, cracks their Roots 
finding purchase where none 

5443
05:09:28,300 --> 05:09:30,500
should exist. 
You run your hand along the 

5444
05:09:30,500 --> 05:09:32,800
wall. 
As you walk feeling the texture 

5445
05:09:32,800 --> 05:09:35,900
of the stone cool. 
In the early morning, this rock 

5446
05:09:35,900 --> 05:09:40,800
is 400 million years old. 
Formed when this entire region 

5447
05:09:40,800 --> 05:09:44,400
was under a shallow sea. 
The Sandstone contains the 

5448
05:09:44,400 --> 05:09:48,600
compressed remains of ancient 
beaches ancient tides and 

5449
05:09:48,600 --> 05:09:51,500
ancient life. 
Your touching deep time. 

5450
05:09:51,500 --> 05:09:54,500
Geologic time. 
A scale that makes human 

5451
05:09:54,500 --> 05:09:57,800
civilizations seem like brief 
flickers, the early morning, 

5452
05:09:57,800 --> 05:10:00,500
light enters the sick to 
different angle than you've seen

5453
05:10:00,508 --> 05:10:03,000
before. 
Illuminating sections, that were

5454
05:10:03,000 --> 05:10:05,000
shadowed during your previous 
passages. 

5455
05:10:06,100 --> 05:10:10,200
The Rock glows, softly colors, 
muted compared to full daylight 

5456
05:10:10,200 --> 05:10:14,900
but somehow more intimate You 
feel like your seeing Petra's 

5457
05:10:14,900 --> 05:10:18,700
private face the version of its 
selfish shows, only to those 

5458
05:10:18,700 --> 05:10:21,900
willing to wake before the 
crowds arrive, you passed the 

5459
05:10:21,908 --> 05:10:25,000
water channels again, and notice
something you missed before. 

5460
05:10:26,000 --> 05:10:29,300
Small carved symbols at regular 
intervals along their length. 

5461
05:10:30,200 --> 05:10:33,300
Probably markers to help 
maintenance work as identify 

5462
05:10:33,300 --> 05:10:36,900
sections for repair or cleaning 
but they look like a secret 

5463
05:10:36,900 --> 05:10:40,500
language, a code written in 
stone that only the initiated 

5464
05:10:40,500 --> 05:10:43,100
could read. 
The treasury appears again. 

5465
05:10:43,900 --> 05:10:46,400
Still magnificent, still 
impossible. 

5466
05:10:47,200 --> 05:10:49,500
You stand before it one last 
time. 

5467
05:10:49,500 --> 05:10:53,900
Trying to fix every detail in 
your memory, knowing that memory

5468
05:10:53,900 --> 05:10:57,300
will fade and blur. 
But wanting to hold onto the 

5469
05:10:57,300 --> 05:11:01,500
essence of this moment. 
The light is different than yes 

5470
05:11:01,500 --> 05:11:05,000
today. 
Software Pinker, gentler 

5471
05:11:05,000 --> 05:11:08,600
somehow. 
Or maybe you're different change

5472
05:11:08,600 --> 05:11:13,400
by exposure to the place to its 
history, to the reminder of 

5473
05:11:13,400 --> 05:11:17,500
human capability and ambition 
approach, the facade slowly. 

5474
05:11:17,500 --> 05:11:20,000
Taking him details. 
You have not focused on before. 

5475
05:11:21,000 --> 05:11:23,900
The capitals on, each column are
actually slightly different from

5476
05:11:23,900 --> 05:11:26,600
each other. 
Each one, a unique variation on 

5477
05:11:26,600 --> 05:11:29,300
the current theme. 
The carved figures in the 

5478
05:11:29,308 --> 05:11:33,100
niches, showed different poses 
different expressions and 

5479
05:11:33,100 --> 05:11:35,400
different relationships to the 
space, they inhabit. 

5480
05:11:36,300 --> 05:11:40,000
Every square foot of this facade
received individual attention, 

5481
05:11:40,000 --> 05:11:44,400
an individual Artistry, you 
notice a family of pigeons has 

5482
05:11:44,400 --> 05:11:46,200
made a nest in one of the 
carved. 

5483
05:11:46,200 --> 05:11:49,800
Decorative elements, high on the
facade, they fly in and out, 

5484
05:11:49,800 --> 05:11:53,700
unconcerned with The Monuments 
historical significance or 

5485
05:11:53,700 --> 05:11:57,800
architectural magnifiscents. 
For them, it's just a really 

5486
05:11:57,800 --> 05:12:00,400
good nesting spot. 
Well protected from weather and 

5487
05:12:00,400 --> 05:12:03,200
predators. 
Somehow this makes you love the 

5488
05:12:03,200 --> 05:12:06,300
treasury even more. 
It's not a dead Monument. 

5489
05:12:06,300 --> 05:12:08,400
It's a living part of the 
landscape. 

5490
05:12:08,400 --> 05:12:11,700
Still serving purposes, still 
useful, in unexpected ways 

5491
05:12:11,700 --> 05:12:15,800
inside the main chamber you find
a quiet corner and simply sit 

5492
05:12:15,800 --> 05:12:18,800
for a while. 
Stone is cool against your back.

5493
05:12:18,800 --> 05:12:22,700
Yes, still and peaceful you 
close your eyes and listen to 

5494
05:12:22,700 --> 05:12:26,400
the sound of the space. 
The Acoustics that make tiny 

5495
05:12:26,400 --> 05:12:30,400
sounds Echo and blend. 
Footsteps of other early 

5496
05:12:30,400 --> 05:12:32,500
visitors. 
Quiet voices. 

5497
05:12:32,500 --> 05:12:34,300
Speaking in languages, you don't
understand. 

5498
05:12:34,300 --> 05:12:38,900
And the flutter of pigeon Wings 
outside when you open your eyes 

5499
05:12:38,900 --> 05:12:42,500
again, the light is shifted. 
Sunbeams enter through the 

5500
05:12:42,500 --> 05:12:46,100
doorway to New Angle, 
Illuminating dust particles 

5501
05:12:46,100 --> 05:12:49,300
floating in the air. 
They drift and swirl in 

5502
05:12:49,300 --> 05:12:52,800
invisible, currents, creating a 
kind of slow motion dance. 

5503
05:12:53,800 --> 05:12:57,900
You watch them mesmerized 
thinking about how many mornings

5504
05:12:57,900 --> 05:13:01,300
the same like patterns of played
out in this chamber and whether 

5505
05:13:01,300 --> 05:13:05,100
anyone has ever sat exactly 
where you're sitting and watched

5506
05:13:05,100 --> 05:13:08,600
exactly what you're watching. 
You take the long route back 

5507
05:13:08,600 --> 05:13:12,500
through the city saying goodbye 
to each section The Colonnade in

5508
05:13:12,508 --> 05:13:16,000
morning Shadow, the temples 
catching their first sunlight 

5509
05:13:16,000 --> 05:13:19,400
the residential caves where 
ordinary people lived, 

5510
05:13:19,400 --> 05:13:23,200
extraordinary lives, the water 
channels that made everything 

5511
05:13:23,200 --> 05:13:28,200
possible each structure. 
Each carved doorway and each 

5512
05:13:28,200 --> 05:13:32,600
ancient staircase represents 
someone's work, someone's vision

5513
05:13:32,600 --> 05:13:35,800
and someone's contribution to 
something larger than themselves

5514
05:13:35,800 --> 05:13:38,600
walking through the street of 
facades. 

5515
05:13:38,600 --> 05:13:41,800
Your struck again by the sheer 
number of tombs carved into the 

5516
05:13:41,800 --> 05:13:45,600
cliffs, hundreds of them, 
ranging from simple Cave, 

5517
05:13:45,600 --> 05:13:50,300
opening to elaborate multi-story
for SARS each one represented, a

5518
05:13:50,300 --> 05:13:53,700
family's wealth and grief, their
desire to honor their dead with 

5519
05:13:53,800 --> 05:13:57,300
eternal monuments. 
Some facade are pristine. 

5520
05:13:57,300 --> 05:14:01,800
Others badly eroded time plays 
favorites with no discernible 

5521
05:14:01,800 --> 05:14:04,200
pattern. 
You climb up to one of the more 

5522
05:14:04,200 --> 05:14:06,100
elaborate tomb. 
Facade's one. 

5523
05:14:06,100 --> 05:14:10,200
You have an entered before and 
step inside The chamber is 

5524
05:14:10,208 --> 05:14:13,400
larger than expected with 
smaller rooms, branching off the

5525
05:14:13,400 --> 05:14:16,500
main space. 
Someone has left candles. 

5526
05:14:16,500 --> 05:14:20,300
Recently burned down to Stubbs 
suggesting this tomb. 

5527
05:14:20,300 --> 05:14:23,500
Still serve some ceremonial 
purpose for local Bedouin The 

5528
05:14:23,500 --> 05:14:26,300
wax is white, and the center of 
smoke is still fainting. 

5529
05:14:26,300 --> 05:14:29,800
The are the tombs walls show. 
Carved initials for burial 

5530
05:14:29,800 --> 05:14:33,400
though, they're empty now, 
whatever bones they held long, 

5531
05:14:33,400 --> 05:14:38,000
since removed or disintegrated 
You run your hand along one 

5532
05:14:38,000 --> 05:14:43,200
Niche, smooth and precisely 
carved size to hold a human body

5533
05:14:43,200 --> 05:14:47,100
in its final rest. 
The intimacy of this gesture 

5534
05:14:47,100 --> 05:14:50,700
touching a space meant to hold. 
A specific person's remains. 

5535
05:14:50,700 --> 05:14:54,800
Gives you pause. 
This wasn't just architecture. 

5536
05:14:54,800 --> 05:14:59,300
This was love. 
Made manifest in stone back on 

5537
05:14:59,300 --> 05:15:01,400
the main path. 
You encounter a Bedouin man 

5538
05:15:01,400 --> 05:15:05,500
leading a heavily Laden donkey. 
The donkeys expression suggest 

5539
05:15:05,500 --> 05:15:09,400
deep philosophical resignation 
to its lot in life and you 

5540
05:15:09,400 --> 05:15:13,400
exchanged Smiles with the man. 
He nods at you, say something in

5541
05:15:13,400 --> 05:15:16,400
Arabic that you don't 
understand, but that sounds 

5542
05:15:16,400 --> 05:15:18,700
friendly and continues on his 
way. 

5543
05:15:19,900 --> 05:15:23,500
The donkeys hoof beats Echo off 
the surrounding Cliffs, a 

5544
05:15:23,500 --> 05:15:27,100
rhythm, as old, as civilization 
itself, near the exit, you pass 

5545
05:15:27,100 --> 05:15:29,900
a Bedouin woman selling small 
carved Stones. 

5546
05:15:29,900 --> 05:15:34,200
Simple souvenirs for tourists 
She smiles at you gap. 

5547
05:15:34,200 --> 05:15:36,600
Tooth and weathered. 
And you buy a small piece of 

5548
05:15:36,608 --> 05:15:39,200
rose-colored. 
Sandstone polished smooth. 

5549
05:15:39,800 --> 05:15:43,000
It's not ancient probably carved
last week. 

5550
05:15:43,900 --> 05:15:46,200
But it's Petra Stone and that's 
enough. 

5551
05:15:46,200 --> 05:15:48,500
You'll keep it on your desk at 
home. 

5552
05:15:48,500 --> 05:15:52,800
A touchstone to remind you of 
this place these days and this 

5553
05:15:52,800 --> 05:15:56,700
journey through Stone and time. 
She wraps it carefully in cloth 

5554
05:15:56,700 --> 05:16:00,100
refusing at first to take your 
money because you're clearly 

5555
05:16:00,100 --> 05:16:03,600
leaving and she wants to give 
you a gift to remember Petra. 

5556
05:16:04,500 --> 05:16:08,800
You insist gently, and she 
finally accepts with good grace,

5557
05:16:08,800 --> 05:16:13,200
blessing your journey in Arabic 
and gesturing for safe travels. 

5558
05:16:13,200 --> 05:16:17,400
The small human exchanges matter
as much as The Monuments. 

5559
05:16:17,400 --> 05:16:21,400
You realize, they're part of 
what makes a place real, what 

5560
05:16:21,400 --> 05:16:24,300
transforms it from a tourist 
destination into a lived. 

5561
05:16:24,300 --> 05:16:27,600
Experience walking back through 
the siq toward the outside 

5562
05:16:27,600 --> 05:16:29,400
world. 
You find yourself moving slower,

5563
05:16:29,400 --> 05:16:32,600
reluctant to leave other 
tourists pass. 

5564
05:16:32,600 --> 05:16:35,700
You heading in their faces 
bright with anticipation. 

5565
05:16:35,700 --> 05:16:38,600
You want to tell them things to 
look up. 

5566
05:16:38,600 --> 05:16:43,200
More often to touch the walls to
sit quietly and just listen to 

5567
05:16:43,200 --> 05:16:47,500
what the stones have to say. 
But you don't because Discovery 

5568
05:16:47,500 --> 05:16:50,700
is personal, and they need to 
find their own relationship with

5569
05:16:50,700 --> 05:16:53,300
this place. 
The sick, releases you back into

5570
05:16:53,300 --> 05:16:57,100
the modern world gradually. 
The walls lowering, the sky 

5571
05:16:57,100 --> 05:16:59,900
opening up and the temperature 
rising as you leave. 

5572
05:16:59,900 --> 05:17:02,500
The cool shadows and then your 
out. 

5573
05:17:03,400 --> 05:17:07,300
Standing in regular sunlight. 
The magic contained behind you, 

5574
05:17:07,300 --> 05:17:12,600
the carved City returned to its 
Eternal patience waiting, for 

5575
05:17:12,600 --> 05:17:16,800
the next person to arrive with 
one, in their eyes, your Caravan

5576
05:17:16,800 --> 05:17:19,700
will leave this afternoon 
heading back toward the routes 

5577
05:17:19,700 --> 05:17:23,300
that connect to the wider world.
But you know, with the certainty

5578
05:17:23,300 --> 05:17:26,600
of bones and blood that you'll 
carry Petra with you, wherever 

5579
05:17:26,600 --> 05:17:30,900
you go, you'll remember the rose
red stone glowing and sunset 

5580
05:17:30,900 --> 05:17:36,200
light The Silence of ancient 
temples, the Ingenuity of people

5581
05:17:36,200 --> 05:17:40,200
who carved a civilization from 
living Rock and made it thrive 

5582
05:17:40,200 --> 05:17:42,400
in a landscape that should have 
defeated them. 

5583
05:17:42,400 --> 05:17:45,600
You'll remember that, humans are
capable of remarkable things 

5584
05:17:45,600 --> 05:17:48,800
when we combine Vision with 
persistence, when we build, not 

5585
05:17:48,800 --> 05:17:51,600
just for ourselves, but for 
centuries will never see. 

5586
05:17:52,400 --> 05:17:55,400
You'll remember that beauty and 
practicality can coexist. 

5587
05:17:55,400 --> 05:18:00,000
That art and Engineering are not
opposites, but Partners, you'll 

5588
05:18:00,000 --> 05:18:01,800
remember that. 
Stones can tell stories if 

5589
05:18:01,800 --> 05:18:04,800
you're willing to listen, and 
that some places change, you 

5590
05:18:04,800 --> 05:18:08,300
just by being there solid and 
patient waiting to teach 

5591
05:18:08,300 --> 05:18:09,900
lessons. 
You didn't know you need to 

5592
05:18:09,900 --> 05:18:13,800
learn the desert wind blows warm
against your face as you take 

5593
05:18:13,800 --> 05:18:17,300
your last look back at the 
cliffs, the tombs and the 

5594
05:18:17,308 --> 05:18:20,900
distant glimpse of carved for 
SARS visible, from the distance.

5595
05:18:21,900 --> 05:18:25,500
The sun climbs higher, the day 
grows hotter and somewhere in 

5596
05:18:25,500 --> 05:18:28,700
the city behind you, a cat 
stretches and a patch of shade, 

5597
05:18:28,700 --> 05:18:32,500
a raven calls from the high 
perch and the stone can 

5598
05:18:32,500 --> 05:18:34,300
continue. 
Their slow conversational with 

5599
05:18:34,300 --> 05:18:39,200
time utterly unconcerned with 
ending's or beginning's content 

5600
05:18:39,200 --> 05:18:43,600
to Simply Be to endure to wait 
for the next sunrise. 

5601
05:18:43,600 --> 05:18:47,900
The next visitor, the next 
chance to inspire one in a human

5602
05:18:47,900 --> 05:18:50,000
heart. 
You think about book art? 

5603
05:18:50,800 --> 05:18:54,900
First modern Western visitor 
trying to contain his excitement

5604
05:18:54,900 --> 05:18:58,800
while disguised as someone else,
you think about the Bedouin 

5605
05:18:58,800 --> 05:19:02,300
families who lived among these 
ruins for centuries, maintaining

5606
05:19:02,300 --> 05:19:05,700
their connection to this place 
even as The Wider World, forgot 

5607
05:19:05,700 --> 05:19:08,700
it existed. 
You think about the nabateans 

5608
05:19:08,700 --> 05:19:12,200
themselves carving their Vision 
into Eternal Stone? 

5609
05:19:12,200 --> 05:19:15,500
Never imagining their City would
one day be abandoned and 

5610
05:19:15,500 --> 05:19:18,300
rediscovered that their 
monuments would Outlast, their 

5611
05:19:18,300 --> 05:19:20,900
culture by Millennia. 
And you think about all the 

5612
05:19:20,900 --> 05:19:23,900
other visitors who have stood 
where your standing looking back

5613
05:19:23,900 --> 05:19:27,600
at Petra with the same reluctant
to leave the same sense of 

5614
05:19:27,608 --> 05:19:30,700
having experienced? 
Something that it exceeds normal

5615
05:19:30,700 --> 05:19:32,800
categories of Tourism or 
sightseeing. 

5616
05:19:32,800 --> 05:19:36,700
This place gets under your skin 
into your imagination and 

5617
05:19:36,700 --> 05:19:40,200
refuses to be forgotten. 
The call comes from the Caravan 

5618
05:19:40,200 --> 05:19:43,800
Master time, to prepare for 
departure, you turn away from 

5619
05:19:43,800 --> 05:19:47,100
Petra, finally completely and 
walked towards your pact 

5620
05:19:47,100 --> 05:19:50,700
belongings and waiting camel. 
The animal grumbles at you in 

5621
05:19:50,700 --> 05:19:52,700
greeting. 
The sound you've come to find 

5622
05:19:52,700 --> 05:19:55,200
oddly endearing over weeks of 
travel. 

5623
05:19:55,900 --> 05:19:59,700
You load your pack, check your 
water skin, one more time, and 

5624
05:19:59,700 --> 05:20:02,500
prepare to rejoin the world of 
movement and commerce and 

5625
05:20:02,500 --> 05:20:05,700
everyday concerns. 
But as the Caravan begins to 

5626
05:20:05,700 --> 05:20:09,400
move heading back toward 
Damascus, or a carbon or 

5627
05:20:09,400 --> 05:20:13,100
wherever your journey takes you 
next, you look back one final 

5628
05:20:13,100 --> 05:20:16,100
time. 
The Cliffs glow in the morning 

5629
05:20:16,100 --> 05:20:20,800
sun holding their secrets 
guarding their stories waiting 

5630
05:20:20,800 --> 05:20:23,800
patiently for the next person 
who needs to be reminded that 

5631
05:20:23,800 --> 05:20:27,100
humans once built impossible 
things and made them beautiful. 

5632
05:20:28,000 --> 05:20:31,100
That we once understood how to 
work with landscape rather than 

5633
05:20:31,100 --> 05:20:34,700
against it that we once had the 
vision and patience to create 

5634
05:20:34,700 --> 05:20:38,200
for eternity. 
Good night, traveler, may your 

5635
05:20:38,200 --> 05:20:40,700
dreams be filled with rose 
colored Stone and ancient 

5636
05:20:40,700 --> 05:20:44,300
Starlight with the memory of 
cool shadows in the sick, and 

5637
05:20:44,300 --> 05:20:46,600
the glow of sunset on carved 
facade's. 

5638
05:20:47,600 --> 05:20:50,800
May you carry with you, the 
lesson of Petra, that beauty 

5639
05:20:50,800 --> 05:20:54,600
endures, that Vision matters, 
and that some things are worth 

5640
05:20:54,600 --> 05:20:58,400
building to last forever. 
Sleep well and wake with the 

5641
05:20:58,408 --> 05:21:02,200
certain tea that wander still 
exists in the world waiting in 

5642
05:21:02,200 --> 05:21:07,000
stone, canyons and carved cities
ready to transform everyone who 

5643
05:21:07,000 --> 05:21:10,500
finds it. 
Rest now, and remember. 

5644
05:21:17,900 --> 05:21:20,800
You get up early in your modest 
room of the olive oil business, 

5645
05:21:20,800 --> 05:21:24,000
not because you want to, but 
because your neighbor's donkey 

5646
05:21:24,000 --> 05:21:26,700
is decided that four in the 
morning, is the best time to 

5647
05:21:26,700 --> 05:21:30,100
practice his vocal scales, 
Alexandria sleeps, under a 

5648
05:21:30,100 --> 05:21:32,100
blanket of stars that come 
through the thin wooden 

5649
05:21:32,100 --> 05:21:34,100
shutters. 
But, you know, better than most 

5650
05:21:34,100 --> 05:21:35,600
that a good Merchant gets the 
worm. 

5651
05:21:35,600 --> 05:21:39,200
Or in your case the tastiest 
fish before anyone else, 

5652
05:21:39,200 --> 05:21:42,800
discovers their hungry, If you 
stretch out like a cat, that has

5653
05:21:42,800 --> 05:21:46,200
been sleeping on bags of grain. 
Instead of soft pillows, your 

5654
05:21:46,200 --> 05:21:49,400
bare feet, touch the chili clay 
tiles, the smell of yesterday's 

5655
05:21:49,400 --> 05:21:51,800
bread, which always smells 
better in memory than it did. 

5656
05:21:51,800 --> 05:21:54,600
When it was fresh is mixed with 
the smell of salt from the 

5657
05:21:54,600 --> 05:21:57,800
harbor and spices from a dozen 
other locations. 

5658
05:21:57,800 --> 05:22:01,000
You've come to love these quiet 
hours before the city knows how 

5659
05:22:01,000 --> 05:22:04,600
to make noise. 
The bronze mirror shows a face 

5660
05:22:04,600 --> 05:22:09,000
that has been through 43 years 
of Mediterranean Sun wind, and 

5661
05:22:09,000 --> 05:22:12,200
the occasional fight with people
who think that negotiating means

5662
05:22:12,200 --> 05:22:15,200
starting at half your asking 
price and working your way down 

5663
05:22:15,200 --> 05:22:18,100
to Ridiculousness. 
Your hair used to be as black as

5664
05:22:18,100 --> 05:22:20,500
Egyptian eyeliner, but now it 
has enough. 

5665
05:22:20,500 --> 05:22:23,900
Silver strands to remind you 
that time is always moving, even

5666
05:22:23,900 --> 05:22:26,400
if you don't see it, but your 
hands stay stable. 

5667
05:22:26,400 --> 05:22:29,500
Your eyes are sharp enough to 
spot a false coin from across 

5668
05:22:29,500 --> 05:22:33,100
the Market Square and your smile
is genuine enough to greet even 

5669
05:22:33,100 --> 05:22:36,100
the grumpiest customers. 
The coolness of the water when 

5670
05:22:36,100 --> 05:22:38,900
you flash it on your face from 
the ceramic base on wakes, you 

5671
05:22:38,900 --> 05:22:42,500
up every day, the city changes 
from a peaceful sleeping giant 

5672
05:22:42,500 --> 05:22:46,100
to a busy place where people 
talk and do things a priest in 

5673
05:22:46,100 --> 05:22:48,700
the temple calls The Devout to 
morning prayers from a distance,

5674
05:22:48,700 --> 05:22:52,200
his voice drifts over the roof 
tops like incense on a light 

5675
05:22:52,208 --> 05:22:54,800
wind. 
Your tunic which is made of 

5676
05:22:54,808 --> 05:22:58,200
high-quality Egyptian, linen, 
slips over your shoulders, like 

5677
05:22:58,200 --> 05:23:01,700
something you wear every day. 
It's more useful than beautiful.

5678
05:23:01,700 --> 05:23:04,400
The leather belt, which has been
worn smooth. 

5679
05:23:04,400 --> 05:23:07,500
Over the years Falls around your
waist with the satisfying weight

5680
05:23:07,500 --> 05:23:09,900
of your coin purse. 
It's not heavy enough to make 

5681
05:23:09,900 --> 05:23:12,800
you worry about thieves but it's
heavy enough to make dealing 

5682
05:23:12,800 --> 05:23:15,600
today worth your time. 
The leather straps go back to 

5683
05:23:15,600 --> 05:23:18,100
where they belong as soon as you
put on your sandals like old 

5684
05:23:18,100 --> 05:23:21,600
friends, the wooden steps grown 
their morning song as you go 

5685
05:23:21,600 --> 05:23:24,200
down to the shop below. 
You keep your real Treasures 

5686
05:23:24,200 --> 05:23:27,900
here, small jars of the greatest
oils flavored with herbs, that 

5687
05:23:27,900 --> 05:23:31,700
most alexandrians have never 
heard of much less tasted They 

5688
05:23:31,700 --> 05:23:35,200
are next to enormous clay amphi 
full of olive oil from Sicily 

5689
05:23:35,200 --> 05:23:39,000
and Cyprus Anatolian Rosemary 
Greek island time and your 

5690
05:23:39,000 --> 05:23:42,200
secret weapon. 
Special mix of herbs and spices 

5691
05:23:42,200 --> 05:23:44,000
that makes ordinary oil taste. 
So good. 

5692
05:23:44,000 --> 05:23:47,100
That even the most sophisticated
Roman matron would ask for the 

5693
05:23:47,100 --> 05:23:49,600
formula. 
You carefully wrap each of these

5694
05:23:49,600 --> 05:23:52,900
expensive containers and 
delicate fabric before putting 

5695
05:23:52,900 --> 05:23:55,500
them in a strong leather bag. 
To avoid the Calamity of broken 

5696
05:23:55,500 --> 05:23:58,300
pottery and squandered oil. 
You will walk like a drunk 

5697
05:23:58,300 --> 05:24:00,700
sailor before noon. 
If you carry too much weight on 

5698
05:24:00,700 --> 05:24:03,200
one side. 
It's too light and you don't 

5699
05:24:03,200 --> 05:24:06,500
have enough stuff to make money.
It's a fine line, like most 

5700
05:24:06,500 --> 05:24:09,100
things in the merchants life. 
If you push the street door 

5701
05:24:09,100 --> 05:24:12,300
gently, it will open and welcome
you into Alexandria's world 

5702
05:24:12,300 --> 05:24:14,700
before Daybreak. 
The stone streets are still 

5703
05:24:14,708 --> 05:24:17,500
called from the night air and 
you can feel how solid they are 

5704
05:24:17,500 --> 05:24:19,900
other early. 
Risers are out and about in the 

5705
05:24:19,900 --> 05:24:22,900
dark Bakers, heading to their 
ovens fishermen. 

5706
05:24:22,900 --> 05:24:25,300
Coming back from not ternal 
fishing trips with silver 

5707
05:24:25,300 --> 05:24:28,300
catches that gleam in the 
Moonlight and the odd City guard

5708
05:24:28,300 --> 05:24:31,100
trying to look alert, but 
clearly wanting to go back to 

5709
05:24:31,100 --> 05:24:33,900
sleep. 
As you walk near the harbor, the

5710
05:24:33,900 --> 05:24:36,000
fishing boats will soon. 
Come back with the day's, catch 

5711
05:24:36,000 --> 05:24:39,000
the sound of your breathing and 
the rhythm of your foot fall on 

5712
05:24:39,000 --> 05:24:41,800
the stone provide, a mild 
percussion, and you start to 

5713
05:24:41,800 --> 05:24:44,600
feel the meditative state that 
comes from completing familiar 

5714
05:24:44,600 --> 05:24:47,900
tasks in peace. 
The Satchel gently Taps your hip

5715
05:24:47,900 --> 05:24:50,700
with each step reminding you 
that you're ready to compete 

5716
05:24:50,700 --> 05:24:53,000
with clients win money from 
purses. 

5717
05:24:53,000 --> 05:24:56,900
And maybe if the gods are 
willing find something amazing 

5718
05:24:56,900 --> 05:24:59,700
and surprising in the huge 
Marketplace of human trade just 

5719
05:24:59,700 --> 05:25:01,700
like you have for the last 20 
years. 

5720
05:25:01,700 --> 05:25:04,400
The port comes into view, is you
round the last Corner? 

5721
05:25:04,400 --> 05:25:06,800
Its Waters. 
Reflect the last stars, like 

5722
05:25:06,800 --> 05:25:10,900
diamonds on Black Velvet The sun
will soon color, the sky, pink 

5723
05:25:10,900 --> 05:25:13,100
and gold. 
The fishing boats will come 

5724
05:25:13,100 --> 05:25:14,400
back. 
Full of the work they did at 

5725
05:25:14,400 --> 05:25:17,900
night, and Alexandria will be 
awake and eager to buy sell 

5726
05:25:17,900 --> 05:25:21,500
trade and argue over everything 
from the price of grain to the 

5727
05:25:21,500 --> 05:25:25,000
quality of foreign wine. 
But just now, the city is owned 

5728
05:25:25,000 --> 05:25:27,900
by dreamers and Merchants who 
know that the best transactions 

5729
05:25:27,900 --> 05:25:30,600
happen when the world is still 
soft around the edges. 

5730
05:25:30,600 --> 05:25:34,100
Like now, when there are only a 
few minutes of silence left, 

5731
05:25:35,300 --> 05:25:36,800
Fishing boats appear on the 
horizon. 

5732
05:25:36,800 --> 05:25:39,600
Like a fleet of moths drawn to 
the light House's. 

5733
05:25:39,600 --> 05:25:43,100
Blaze their triangular sails. 
Catching the first faint signs 

5734
05:25:43,100 --> 05:25:45,500
of dawn. 
He said up by the Stone Key 

5735
05:25:45,500 --> 05:25:48,500
where Captain Markus typically 
docks his ship because his crew 

5736
05:25:48,500 --> 05:25:51,100
always brings in the biggest 
catches in Alexandria's Harbor. 

5737
05:25:51,100 --> 05:25:54,300
You don't like Marcus though 
because he tends to believe his 

5738
05:25:54,300 --> 05:25:56,100
own stories about the fish that 
got away. 

5739
05:25:57,200 --> 05:25:59,100
You can't help but sway a little
as you. 

5740
05:25:59,100 --> 05:26:02,200
Wait because the smooth waves 
breaking against the port wall, 

5741
05:26:02,200 --> 05:26:04,500
make a Cadence that calms your 
soul. 

5742
05:26:04,500 --> 05:26:07,600
As the other Merchants start to 
gather, you can hear the sounds 

5743
05:26:07,600 --> 05:26:10,500
of water and the distant screams
of Seagulls starting their own 

5744
05:26:10,500 --> 05:26:13,200
daily hunt. 
Everyone understands their place

5745
05:26:13,200 --> 05:26:16,800
in the pecking order because of 
years of successful deals failed

5746
05:26:16,800 --> 05:26:18,600
discussions. 
And the occasional huge fight 

5747
05:26:18,600 --> 05:26:21,300
over fish prices. 
There is also an Unwritten code 

5748
05:26:21,300 --> 05:26:25,000
of conduct for these morning 
meetings as Marcus's boat Glides

5749
05:26:25,000 --> 05:26:27,200
toward the pier, with the 
comfort of countless mornings. 

5750
05:26:27,200 --> 05:26:31,100
The Silvery flash of fish in the
Nets, is already evident at the 

5751
05:26:31,100 --> 05:26:33,200
front of the boat. 
The captain stands with a grin 

5752
05:26:33,200 --> 05:26:36,200
that splits his weathered face. 
This suggests either. 

5753
05:26:36,200 --> 05:26:39,000
A very good night of fishing or 
a really creative way to 

5754
05:26:39,000 --> 05:26:40,600
explain. 
Why the fish are smaller than 

5755
05:26:40,600 --> 05:26:43,000
usual. 
It's not always easy to discern.

5756
05:26:43,000 --> 05:26:46,200
The difference with Marcus, the 
boat gently bumps against the 

5757
05:26:46,200 --> 05:26:49,400
peer, as you sail forward with 
the confidence of someone who 

5758
05:26:49,400 --> 05:26:52,100
has been playing this game. 
Since Marcus was just a young 

5759
05:26:52,100 --> 05:26:55,000
fisherman with more enthusiasm 
than Talent. 

5760
05:26:55,000 --> 05:26:58,400
As the crew begins to unload 
their Haul your experience die. 

5761
05:26:58,400 --> 05:27:00,200
Quickly makes a list of the 
options. 

5762
05:27:01,000 --> 05:27:04,600
Sea bass with bright. 
Clear eyes, red mullet that 

5763
05:27:04,600 --> 05:27:08,400
sparkle like rubies and a number
of fish species whose names. 

5764
05:27:08,400 --> 05:27:11,200
You haven't bothered to learn, 
but whose quality you can tell 

5765
05:27:11,200 --> 05:27:14,800
with a single look, you easily 
pull the cork out of a tiny 

5766
05:27:14,800 --> 05:27:17,200
ceramic container. 
You take out of your bag, the 

5767
05:27:17,200 --> 05:27:20,200
smell of your special herb. 
Infused olive oil hints at. 

5768
05:27:20,200 --> 05:27:23,800
What could be making the simple 
Act of picking out, fish a sign 

5769
05:27:23,800 --> 05:27:26,200
of the supper to come the smell 
that escapes. 

5770
05:27:26,200 --> 05:27:27,700
Makes a lot of adjacent 
Merchants. 

5771
05:27:27,700 --> 05:27:29,800
Look up markers, raises an 
eyebrows. 

5772
05:27:29,800 --> 05:27:33,400
He sees the well known ritual. 
You gesture to a really nice sea

5773
05:27:33,400 --> 05:27:35,500
bass with two fingers and don't 
say anything. 

5774
05:27:36,400 --> 05:27:39,500
Marcus nods and begins to wrap 
the fish in wide seaweed leaves,

5775
05:27:39,500 --> 05:27:42,000
which is the old-fashioned way 
to package things. 

5776
05:27:42,000 --> 05:27:45,100
He likely sprays, the fish with 
the oil and then puts it back in

5777
05:27:45,100 --> 05:27:47,100
its container. 
When you give it to him, this is

5778
05:27:47,100 --> 05:27:49,700
a cooperation between 
Specialists to recognize that 

5779
05:27:49,700 --> 05:27:52,200
the best deals are good for 
everyone, not just one person. 

5780
05:27:53,400 --> 05:27:56,800
Years of practice of made it 
easy to trade coins, you both 

5781
05:27:56,800 --> 05:27:59,400
keep the Goodwill that will make
future business successful and 

5782
05:27:59,400 --> 05:28:02,200
fun, and Marcus gets paid 
properly for good fish. 

5783
05:28:03,000 --> 05:28:05,800
You get a product that will sell
for high prices to Quality 

5784
05:28:05,800 --> 05:28:09,000
conscious customers. 
No tense talks, no big gestures,

5785
05:28:09,000 --> 05:28:10,300
and no, trying to convince each 
other. 

5786
05:28:10,300 --> 05:28:12,700
That prices should go down 
because times are tough. 

5787
05:28:12,700 --> 05:28:15,700
It is just commerce between 
people who respect each other's 

5788
05:28:15,700 --> 05:28:18,300
knowledge. 
A young Egyptian quarter 

5789
05:28:18,300 --> 05:28:20,800
Merchant looks with interest as 
you weigh the wrapped, fish 

5790
05:28:20,800 --> 05:28:22,800
against the oil canisters in 
your backpack. 

5791
05:28:22,800 --> 05:28:26,100
This sandals are too. 
Fresh is Tunic is too clean. 

5792
05:28:26,100 --> 05:28:29,300
And his face is too eager. 
These are all signals that he 

5793
05:28:29,300 --> 05:28:31,800
hasn't yet, figured out that 
successful dealing is about 

5794
05:28:31,800 --> 05:28:34,700
building trust over time rather 
than making big deals. 

5795
05:28:35,600 --> 05:28:37,700
You look him in the eye and 
offer him a tiny knot of 

5796
05:28:37,700 --> 05:28:39,700
acknowledgment. 
You remember your own early 

5797
05:28:39,700 --> 05:28:42,100
days, when every deal felt like 
a test you may fail. 

5798
05:28:42,100 --> 05:28:44,700
You know that everyone has to 
start someplace. 

5799
05:28:44,700 --> 05:28:48,200
It's not the right time or place
for long chats but the young 

5800
05:28:48,200 --> 05:28:50,300
man's hopeful look. 
Makes it seem like he's hoping 

5801
05:28:50,300 --> 05:28:53,400
you'll share some advice. 
No matter how curious or 

5802
05:28:53,400 --> 05:28:55,500
well-meaning someone is the 
morning Market. 

5803
05:28:55,500 --> 05:28:58,400
Never waits for them. 
Fish will go rotten eventually. 

5804
05:28:59,200 --> 05:29:01,000
The Harvest starts to fill up 
with activity. 

5805
05:29:01,000 --> 05:29:03,700
As more boats, come back and 
more, Merchants set up, shop 

5806
05:29:03,700 --> 05:29:06,800
along the key, you reached your 
main goal, but the Serene 

5807
05:29:06,800 --> 05:29:09,600
morning on Beyonds is slowly. 
Replaced by the ordered bustle 

5808
05:29:09,600 --> 05:29:11,600
of business. 
The fish in your, Satchel 

5809
05:29:11,600 --> 05:29:15,000
represents the key to your 
success today, new better 

5810
05:29:15,000 --> 05:29:17,900
products that will sustain The 
increased prices, your devoted 

5811
05:29:17,900 --> 05:29:20,600
clients expect to pay for the 
things you propose. 

5812
05:29:21,600 --> 05:29:24,200
You start heading back toward 
the middle of the city where 

5813
05:29:24,200 --> 05:29:27,400
hege Market Square would soon be
full of people shopping 

5814
05:29:27,400 --> 05:29:31,300
merchants and The NeverEnding 
cycle of supply and demand, that

5815
05:29:31,300 --> 05:29:34,200
made Alexandria, one of the most
prosperous towns in ancient 

5816
05:29:34,200 --> 05:29:36,700
times. 
The sun rising over the water, 

5817
05:29:36,700 --> 05:29:38,400
warms your shoulders and informs
you. 

5818
05:29:38,400 --> 05:29:40,800
That today is a great day to do 
business outside. 

5819
05:29:41,800 --> 05:29:44,200
The cobblestones Beneath Your 
Feet, tell the story of 

5820
05:29:44,200 --> 05:29:47,700
thousands of traders who have 
walked this same way with their 

5821
05:29:47,700 --> 05:29:50,000
products and dreams in quest of 
money. 

5822
05:29:50,000 --> 05:29:53,700
Every morning, you can count on 
the same thing that somewhere in

5823
05:29:53,700 --> 05:29:56,000
the huge Market. 
Someone needs what you have and 

5824
05:29:56,000 --> 05:29:59,000
is willing to pay a fair price 
to take it home some days, you 

5825
05:29:59,000 --> 05:30:01,300
are lucky and get a lot of money
while other days. 

5826
05:30:01,300 --> 05:30:04,700
You barely break even 
Alexandria's, huge Market 

5827
05:30:04,700 --> 05:30:06,500
Square. 
Is like a blank canvas in front 

5828
05:30:06,508 --> 05:30:10,200
of you, waiting for artists to 
paint it with colors music and 

5829
05:30:10,200 --> 05:30:12,400
the Beautiful chaos of people 
trading. 

5830
05:30:12,400 --> 05:30:15,400
You get there, early enough to 
obtain your preferred spot on 

5831
05:30:15,400 --> 05:30:17,800
the Eastern side. 
Where the morning sun will warm 

5832
05:30:17,800 --> 05:30:20,400
your consumers without making 
them squint at your goods. 

5833
05:30:20,400 --> 05:30:23,500
This is better than being in the
Middle where the Crowds Are 

5834
05:30:23,500 --> 05:30:25,300
biggest and the competition is 
strongest. 

5835
05:30:26,300 --> 05:30:29,000
You stretched your woven Reed 
mat on the polished Stone 

5836
05:30:29,000 --> 05:30:31,600
sidewalk. 
It felt like a cherished blanket

5837
05:30:31,600 --> 05:30:33,200
and have the same weight and 
texture. 

5838
05:30:33,200 --> 05:30:36,400
This matter has been with you to
markets in three different 

5839
05:30:36,400 --> 05:30:38,700
cities. 
Seem countless transactions, 

5840
05:30:38,700 --> 05:30:42,700
soaked up wine and olive oil and
somehow stayed strong after 

5841
05:30:42,700 --> 05:30:46,900
years of being folded, unfolded.
And even used as a seat during 

5842
05:30:46,900 --> 05:30:50,200
long discussions. 
After 20 years of trying and 

5843
05:30:50,200 --> 05:30:53,000
failing, you have learned how to
arrange items in a way that 

5844
05:30:53,000 --> 05:30:56,200
makes them seem their best. 
The fish is the main thing, and 

5845
05:30:56,200 --> 05:30:59,100
it still smells like fresh water
and his seaweed. 

5846
05:30:59,700 --> 05:31:02,400
You put the olive oil containers
around it in a way that shows 

5847
05:31:02,400 --> 05:31:03,800
off a lot without making it 
look. 

5848
05:31:03,800 --> 05:31:06,800
Cluttered they are close enough 
to make a statement but far 

5849
05:31:06,800 --> 05:31:09,400
enough apart so that customers 
don't get hurt when they reach 

5850
05:31:09,400 --> 05:31:12,700
for a closer look. 
Your exceptional herb, infused 

5851
05:31:12,700 --> 05:31:16,100
oils require their own section. 
They should be on a tiny wooden 

5852
05:31:16,100 --> 05:31:19,400
platform that's a little higher 
up and catches the light to show

5853
05:31:19,400 --> 05:31:20,900
off their beautiful golden 
color. 

5854
05:31:20,900 --> 05:31:24,400
These little bottles of magic 
may turn ordinary veggies into a

5855
05:31:24,400 --> 05:31:27,500
meal suitable for a Senators 
table and plain bread into 

5856
05:31:27,500 --> 05:31:31,900
something extraordinary. they're
not just cooking ingredients as 

5857
05:31:31,900 --> 05:31:34,500
the morning sun shines, through 
the colored glass bottles of 

5858
05:31:34,500 --> 05:31:38,000
certain containers, tiny 
rainbows, dance over the mat 

5859
05:31:38,000 --> 05:31:41,700
like Promises of flavor You stop
for a moment to glance at your 

5860
05:31:41,700 --> 05:31:44,000
competitors. 
And the people who live near you

5861
05:31:44,000 --> 05:31:47,600
to your left, an old rural woman
carefully, lays bundles of fresh

5862
05:31:47,600 --> 05:31:49,700
herbs. 
She knows the health things. 

5863
05:31:49,700 --> 05:31:52,100
Look, might be the difference 
between carrying home wilted 

5864
05:31:52,100 --> 05:31:54,600
items by Twilight or selling out
by noon. 

5865
05:31:54,600 --> 05:31:58,100
You notice her and you not in 
admiration as her wrinkled 

5866
05:31:58,100 --> 05:32:00,900
hands, move with the confidence 
that comes from years of skill. 

5867
05:32:02,000 --> 05:32:04,600
To your right. 
A young guy is struggling with a

5868
05:32:04,600 --> 05:32:07,900
remarkable arrangement of copper
pots that are clearly heavier 

5869
05:32:07,900 --> 05:32:10,100
than he imagined. 
They would be when he loaded 

5870
05:32:10,100 --> 05:32:13,000
them onto his car, this morning,
his face shows the particular 

5871
05:32:13,000 --> 05:32:14,700
read that comes from physical 
exertion. 

5872
05:32:14,700 --> 05:32:17,700
And it also shows that he 
starting to think he may have 

5873
05:32:17,700 --> 05:32:20,400
misjudged how much he can take 
with such heavy products. 

5874
05:32:20,400 --> 05:32:23,500
You want to help but you've 
learned from experience that 

5875
05:32:23,500 --> 05:32:26,600
sometimes people see help as 
criticism in stead of Goodwill. 

5876
05:32:28,900 --> 05:32:32,200
The market is full of the first 
customers of the day who are 

5877
05:32:32,200 --> 05:32:34,500
moving slowly. 
And with interest, these early 

5878
05:32:34,500 --> 05:32:36,200
consumers are usually the 
pickiest. 

5879
05:32:36,200 --> 05:32:39,100
They know what quality is and 
are willing to pay a fair price 

5880
05:32:39,100 --> 05:32:41,300
for it. 
They examine swiftly, but 

5881
05:32:41,300 --> 05:32:44,400
carefully at the many options 
moving with the confidence of 

5882
05:32:44,400 --> 05:32:48,100
experienced buyers. 
A well-dressed woman is walking 

5883
05:32:48,100 --> 05:32:51,200
toward your display. 
Her gold, jewelry and linen 

5884
05:32:51,200 --> 05:32:53,600
outfit show that she is used to 
the better things in life. 

5885
05:32:53,600 --> 05:32:57,300
She stops when she sees your 
herb-infused oils, picks up one 

5886
05:32:57,300 --> 05:32:59,300
of the containers and Pops, the 
cork to smell it. 

5887
05:32:59,308 --> 05:33:03,400
Her face goes from polite, 
curiosity to genuine or like 

5888
05:33:03,400 --> 05:33:05,700
someone who has just found 
something that blows their mind.

5889
05:33:06,500 --> 05:33:08,900
You stay at a respectful 
distance so she can look at your

5890
05:33:08,900 --> 05:33:10,300
things without feeling 
pressured. 

5891
05:33:10,300 --> 05:33:13,200
This client knows what she 
wants, and has the means to get 

5892
05:33:13,200 --> 05:33:15,400
it. 
Your duty is to be available to 

5893
05:33:15,400 --> 05:33:17,300
answer her questions. 
While respecting her 

5894
05:33:17,300 --> 05:33:20,500
independence, she carefully 
replaces the cork, as someone 

5895
05:33:20,500 --> 05:33:23,500
who has been let down by bad 
Goods in the past would, and 

5896
05:33:23,500 --> 05:33:27,200
then looks at the fish noting 
its firm flesh and Clear Eyes. 

5897
05:33:29,500 --> 05:33:32,800
The morning Market has its own 
Rhythm different from the busy 

5898
05:33:32,800 --> 05:33:35,000
midday Market or the nighttime 
Market. 

5899
05:33:35,000 --> 05:33:37,900
When people are looking for 
deals, people are more polite 

5900
05:33:37,900 --> 05:33:41,200
when they negotiate and 
conversations acquire to, it 

5901
05:33:41,200 --> 05:33:43,800
appears like both buyers and 
sellers are taking their time to

5902
05:33:43,800 --> 05:33:46,800
make sure everyone is happy. 
The richest people shop at this 

5903
05:33:46,808 --> 05:33:49,900
time before the heat gets too 
hot and the crowds get too big 

5904
05:33:49,900 --> 05:33:53,500
to shop comfortably. 
The sound of coins passing hands

5905
05:33:53,500 --> 05:33:57,200
is a gratifying metallic whisper
that marks, the official start 

5906
05:33:57,200 --> 05:33:59,600
of your business day. 
The well-dressed woman has 

5907
05:33:59,600 --> 05:34:02,700
picked out the best fish from 
your display and a jar of your 

5908
05:34:02,700 --> 05:34:05,500
special oil. 
She paid with without complaint 

5909
05:34:05,500 --> 05:34:08,200
and thank you, sincerely. 
You might feel the same 

5910
05:34:08,200 --> 05:34:09,900
happiness. 
You always do when you give a 

5911
05:34:09,908 --> 05:34:13,800
customer high quality Goods that
they really love as she leaves 

5912
05:34:13,800 --> 05:34:17,400
with her delivery safely raped. 
More customers are coming into 

5913
05:34:17,400 --> 05:34:20,400
the markets since there are more
things to choose from and trade 

5914
05:34:20,400 --> 05:34:22,900
is getting stronger as the sun 
rises in the morning. 

5915
05:34:22,900 --> 05:34:26,000
It warms the Stone's under your 
feet and signals that another 

5916
05:34:26,000 --> 05:34:29,200
successful day is coming in the 
biggest Marketplace of all time.

5917
05:34:29,200 --> 05:34:31,700
Your remaining Goods shine 
brightly on their weed. 

5918
05:34:31,700 --> 05:34:34,800
Mat waiting to be found by 
consumers who know that some 

5919
05:34:34,800 --> 05:34:38,300
things are worth buying. 
By mid-morning, The Market 

5920
05:34:38,300 --> 05:34:41,600
Square is full of people trading
doing business and having 

5921
05:34:41,600 --> 05:34:44,800
friendly arguments over prices. 
That seemed too good to be true.

5922
05:34:44,800 --> 05:34:48,100
After years of practice, you've 
discovered a comfortable Pace 

5923
05:34:48,100 --> 05:34:50,600
that keeps you aware enough to 
see potential customers across 

5924
05:34:50,600 --> 05:34:54,000
the square and relaxed enough to
stay away from the Frantic 

5925
05:34:54,000 --> 05:34:57,100
energy that makes Shoppers 
uneasy and more likely to keep 

5926
05:34:57,100 --> 05:34:59,500
going. 
Middle-aged guy in a toga that 

5927
05:34:59,500 --> 05:35:02,000
has seen better days. 
Approaches carefully trying to 

5928
05:35:02,000 --> 05:35:03,800
look more successful than he 
really is? 

5929
05:35:03,800 --> 05:35:06,800
He looks at your things with the
kind of attention that only 

5930
05:35:06,800 --> 05:35:10,200
someone who cares about quality.
Has to make every dollar count 

5931
05:35:10,200 --> 05:35:13,300
can have. you can see 
immediately what kind of person 

5932
05:35:13,300 --> 05:35:16,900
they are not sloppy, but 
careful, they might be a 

5933
05:35:16,908 --> 05:35:19,300
mid-level manager or an Adept 
craftsmen, who knows the 

5934
05:35:19,300 --> 05:35:22,700
difference between cheap and 
affordable He grabs, one of your

5935
05:35:22,700 --> 05:35:25,900
normal, olive oil containers, 
weighs it and looks through the 

5936
05:35:25,900 --> 05:35:28,100
ceramic container to see how 
clear the oil is. 

5937
05:35:28,100 --> 05:35:31,000
You take note of this 
information for subsequent use 

5938
05:35:31,000 --> 05:35:33,300
in the debate because his manner
is knowledgeable enough to 

5939
05:35:33,300 --> 05:35:34,900
suggest that he knows how to 
cook. 

5940
05:35:34,900 --> 05:35:38,500
Good salespeople, don't try to 
make people buy things instead, 

5941
05:35:38,500 --> 05:35:41,200
they help the proper individuals
comprehend, why they should have

5942
05:35:41,200 --> 05:35:43,900
your products in their homes. 
You don't try to sell him 

5943
05:35:43,900 --> 05:35:46,700
anything right away. 
Instead you wait for him to 

5944
05:35:46,700 --> 05:35:50,500
finish his test a Merchant's 
best quality is patience which 

5945
05:35:50,500 --> 05:35:52,800
is more important than making 
big gestures or giving 

5946
05:35:52,800 --> 05:35:55,400
convincing speeches when he 
finally looks up. 

5947
05:35:55,400 --> 05:35:58,200
You smile and tell him that the 
oil originates from olives, 

5948
05:35:58,200 --> 05:36:01,400
grown on the hills of Cyprus, 
where the sea wind gives them a 

5949
05:36:01,400 --> 05:36:03,600
particular flavor that goes well
with anything. 

5950
05:36:03,600 --> 05:36:05,500
From simple bread to 
complicated. 

5951
05:36:05,500 --> 05:36:08,700
Stews. 
He clearly grows more intrigued 

5952
05:36:08,700 --> 05:36:12,000
and asks smart questions about 
how long this oil will last how 

5953
05:36:12,000 --> 05:36:14,500
to store it and what the 
greatest users for it. 

5954
05:36:14,500 --> 05:36:18,400
Are you provide an honest answer
saying that this oil is fine for

5955
05:36:18,400 --> 05:36:21,500
everyday cooking but your Urban 
fused versions are better for 

5956
05:36:21,800 --> 05:36:24,600
Special occasions, or when he 
wants to impress visitors at 

5957
05:36:24,600 --> 05:36:27,300
dinner, it's important to 
provide him options without 

5958
05:36:27,300 --> 05:36:29,700
making him feel bad for thinking
about the cheaper one. 

5959
05:36:29,700 --> 05:36:33,000
You can show the difference is 
by giving people, small samples 

5960
05:36:33,000 --> 05:36:36,800
of both oils on pieces of bread 
that you set aside just for this

5961
05:36:36,800 --> 05:36:38,900
purpose. 
The man's face shows that he 

5962
05:36:38,900 --> 05:36:41,100
found something. 
He didn't realize he wanted as 

5963
05:36:41,100 --> 05:36:44,700
he tastes the herb infused oil. 
The fight between want and 

5964
05:36:44,700 --> 05:36:47,900
budget has begun, you've learned
how to let customers decide for 

5965
05:36:47,900 --> 05:36:50,800
themselves, what they need and 
how much it's worth without 

5966
05:36:50,800 --> 05:36:53,500
getting in the way. 
While he thinks about what to 

5967
05:36:53,500 --> 05:36:55,000
do. 
You hear a disturbance at the 

5968
05:36:55,008 --> 05:36:56,300
Copper Pot? 
Sellers stand. 

5969
05:36:56,300 --> 05:36:58,700
It sounds like thunder. 
As it rolls on the stone 

5970
05:36:58,700 --> 05:37:00,800
pavement. 
Like the young guy dropped. 

5971
05:37:00,800 --> 05:37:04,000
One of his heavier pots. 
You can't help but giggle at the

5972
05:37:04,008 --> 05:37:06,900
Young, Merchants embarrassed 
face as he runs after his 

5973
05:37:06,900 --> 05:37:10,000
missing products, other Sellers 
and customers run away to avoid 

5974
05:37:10,000 --> 05:37:13,200
the runaway kitchenware. 
This short break actually, helps

5975
05:37:13,200 --> 05:37:16,700
your buyer, make a decision. 
Sometimes people need to take a 

5976
05:37:16,700 --> 05:37:19,300
break from thinking too much and
simply go with their instincts. 

5977
05:37:19,300 --> 05:37:21,100
He has already reached for his 
coin. 

5978
05:37:21,100 --> 05:37:24,400
Purse and asked how to store the
urban fused oil so that it keeps

5979
05:37:24,400 --> 05:37:26,400
its flavor when he looks back at
your display. 

5980
05:37:26,400 --> 05:37:29,700
Now that the deal is almost 
done, all you have to do is give

5981
05:37:29,700 --> 05:37:32,000
him great customer service. 
So he will come back and tell 

5982
05:37:32,000 --> 05:37:34,800
others about you. 
You carefully wrap his purchase 

5983
05:37:34,800 --> 05:37:38,200
in a clean cloth and then take 
the time to explain how to store

5984
05:37:38,200 --> 05:37:41,700
it and suggest foods that will 
bring out his unique flavor, 

5985
05:37:41,700 --> 05:37:45,100
this extra knowledge, converts a
simple sail into an investment 

5986
05:37:45,100 --> 05:37:47,700
in client pleasure. 
And the only expense is your 

5987
05:37:47,700 --> 05:37:51,000
time customers who are happy 
with your service become, loyal 

5988
05:37:51,000 --> 05:37:54,600
customers and loyal customers 
become brand ambassadors, who 

5989
05:37:54,600 --> 05:37:56,200
tell their friends about your 
booth. 

5990
05:37:56,800 --> 05:37:59,900
You think about the psychology 
of successful selling as he 

5991
05:37:59,900 --> 05:38:02,000
leaves? 
Evidently happy holding his 

5992
05:38:02,000 --> 05:38:04,500
package. 
When a customer comes to your 

5993
05:38:04,500 --> 05:38:07,300
display, they each have their 
own demands budget, and 

5994
05:38:07,300 --> 05:38:09,700
knowledge of the products. 
You don't have to convince 

5995
05:38:09,700 --> 05:38:11,900
everyone to buy your most 
expensive things. 

5996
05:38:11,900 --> 05:38:15,300
Instead, you should help each 
person figure out, which of your

5997
05:38:15,300 --> 05:38:18,300
products will make a small but 
important difference in their 

5998
05:38:18,300 --> 05:38:20,700
lives. 
The morning goes on with the 

5999
05:38:20,708 --> 05:38:24,200
steady stream of browsers and 
customers each of whom helps. 

6000
05:38:24,200 --> 05:38:27,300
You understand people better and
the thin line that separates 

6001
05:38:27,300 --> 05:38:30,300
Commerce from actual service, 
some customers buy things 

6002
05:38:30,300 --> 05:38:32,900
quickly and easily because they 
know exactly what they want. 

6003
05:38:33,800 --> 05:38:37,600
Some people need time to look 
into things ask questions and 

6004
05:38:37,600 --> 05:38:39,700
slowly build their confidence in
their choices. 

6005
05:38:39,700 --> 05:38:43,400
Some visitors, use your stand as
a stop on a leisurely tour of 

6006
05:38:43,400 --> 05:38:47,000
Alexandria's shops enjoying the 
social side of buying at the 

6007
05:38:47,000 --> 05:38:50,800
market You keep acting with the 
friendly professionalism, that 

6008
05:38:50,800 --> 05:38:53,000
has helped you build a good 
reputation over the years. 

6009
05:38:53,000 --> 05:38:56,700
Always honest about the pros and
cons of your products never 

6010
05:38:56,700 --> 05:39:01,000
pushy and always ready to help. 
In the long run this method 

6011
05:39:01,000 --> 05:39:04,500
builds trust contentment and the
kind of good word of mouth that 

6012
05:39:04,500 --> 05:39:07,300
drives new customers to your mat
week after week. 

6013
05:39:07,300 --> 05:39:10,000
This is better than the big 
sales that come from high 

6014
05:39:10,000 --> 05:39:13,100
pressure tactics. 
The Market Square becomes a 

6015
05:39:13,100 --> 05:39:15,800
sparkling seen as the sun rises 
to its highest point. 

6016
05:39:16,700 --> 05:39:19,200
Heat waves dance, like, 
invisible Spirits above the 

6017
05:39:19,200 --> 05:39:21,900
stone pavement. 
Now tourists slaves, doing 

6018
05:39:21,900 --> 05:39:24,900
errands for their bosses and the
occasional local who can't wait 

6019
05:39:24,900 --> 05:39:26,800
until evening to shop or all in 
the market. 

6020
05:39:26,800 --> 05:39:29,500
Most of the mornings. 
Refined customers have gone home

6021
05:39:29,500 --> 05:39:31,900
to cool off. 
The neighboring column that 

6022
05:39:31,900 --> 05:39:34,200
gives a narrow strip of shade is
one of the numerous 

6023
05:39:34,200 --> 05:39:37,100
architectural features that make
Alexandria's, Marketplace, 

6024
05:39:37,100 --> 05:39:39,500
beautiful, and sometimes 
beneficial. 

6025
05:39:39,500 --> 05:39:42,800
You've used it to your advantage
by repositioning, your display. 

6026
05:39:42,800 --> 05:39:45,700
The heat from the stones is 
still powerful enough to make 

6027
05:39:45,700 --> 05:39:47,400
you appreciate the wide brimmed 
hatch. 

6028
05:39:47,400 --> 05:39:49,800
You bought from a Craftsman in 
the Ethiopian quarter last 

6029
05:39:49,800 --> 05:39:53,900
summer even though you read Matt
is now in a cooler place during 

6030
05:39:53,900 --> 05:39:57,200
these hot midday hours. 
Commerce slows down but it 

6031
05:39:57,200 --> 05:40:00,300
doesn't halt completely as a 
party of Roman visitors walked 

6032
05:40:00,300 --> 05:40:02,900
through the market. 
Their Fair complexion is already

6033
05:40:02,900 --> 05:40:05,500
becoming pink. 
They seem to have miscalculated,

6034
05:40:05,500 --> 05:40:07,900
the North African sun, no matter
what. 

6035
05:40:07,900 --> 05:40:10,600
The weather is like they 
strolled from stall to vendor 

6036
05:40:10,600 --> 05:40:13,900
with the slightly overpowering. 
Excitement of individuals who 

6037
05:40:13,900 --> 05:40:16,500
are Keen to experience 
everything Alexandria has to 

6038
05:40:16,500 --> 05:40:19,700
offer. 
A Roman woman with an expensive 

6039
05:40:19,700 --> 05:40:22,800
stroller. 
That shows she is used to luxury

6040
05:40:22,800 --> 05:40:26,100
stops by your display and looks 
at it with interest as someone 

6041
05:40:26,100 --> 05:40:28,700
who has access to the best items
from all over the Empire. 

6042
05:40:28,700 --> 05:40:32,300
She knows how to spot quality. 
When she sees it, she carefully 

6043
05:40:32,300 --> 05:40:34,100
looks over your herb. 
Infused oils. 

6044
05:40:34,100 --> 05:40:37,400
She says she's sorry, she 
doesn't speak the local dialect 

6045
05:40:37,400 --> 05:40:40,200
better, but her Greek with a 
Latin accent is easy to 

6046
05:40:40,200 --> 05:40:44,300
understand your grammar isn't 
perfect, but you answering your 

6047
05:40:44,300 --> 05:40:47,000
own careful Latin, which you've 
learned over the years of 

6048
05:40:47,000 --> 05:40:50,500
working with Roman clientele who
appreciate the effort, the 

6049
05:40:50,500 --> 05:40:52,900
discussion flows smoothly. 
As you talk about where your 

6050
05:40:52,900 --> 05:40:56,000
different oils come from, and 
how they can make the Italian 

6051
05:40:56,000 --> 05:40:57,300
meals. 
She says she says, she misses 

6052
05:40:57,300 --> 05:41:00,100
from home taste better. 
Everyone liked the concept of 

6053
05:41:00,100 --> 05:41:02,300
adding unusual flavors to 
familiar items. 

6054
05:41:02,300 --> 05:41:06,200
And she buys several containers 
with the explicit purpose of 

6055
05:41:06,200 --> 05:41:08,700
revisiting her taste memory in a
unique area. 

6056
05:41:09,700 --> 05:41:12,400
You can see that the young 
Copper Pot seller has now fixed 

6057
05:41:12,400 --> 05:41:15,500
up his display and seems to have
learned from his mistake. 

6058
05:41:15,500 --> 05:41:18,200
In the morning, the Romans are 
still looking about the market. 

6059
05:41:18,200 --> 05:41:21,300
He has put himself in a good 
position to catch anything that 

6060
05:41:21,300 --> 05:41:24,300
could try to get away and his 
pots are now arranged in a way 

6061
05:41:24,308 --> 05:41:27,300
that makes them more stable. 
His serious look shows that he 

6062
05:41:27,300 --> 05:41:29,400
is taking his Merchant 
education, seriously. 

6063
05:41:30,500 --> 05:41:33,500
The heat of midday brings both 
chances and problems. 

6064
05:41:33,500 --> 05:41:36,200
Even while fewer people are 
walking about at these hours, 

6065
05:41:36,200 --> 05:41:39,200
the ones who do tend to have 
specific needs that make them 

6066
05:41:39,200 --> 05:41:42,100
less sensitive to pricing and 
more focused on obtaining 

6067
05:41:42,100 --> 05:41:44,500
exactly what they want. 
People who live. 

6068
05:41:44,500 --> 05:41:46,900
There have been cooking 
emergencies that can't wait for 

6069
05:41:46,900 --> 05:41:49,800
cooler weather. 
Travelers are stocking up before

6070
05:41:49,800 --> 05:41:53,300
they continue their trips and 
Rich families are sending slaves

6071
05:41:53,300 --> 05:41:55,400
to get certain items for fancy 
meals. 

6072
05:41:56,000 --> 05:41:59,600
A man who seems agitated and has
the energy of someone going 

6073
05:41:59,600 --> 05:42:02,700
through a family crisis, walks 
up to your stand, his clever. 

6074
05:42:02,700 --> 05:42:05,500
Greek wife is making a special 
dinner for important guests 

6075
05:42:05,500 --> 05:42:07,400
today. 
But she can't find her good 

6076
05:42:07,400 --> 05:42:10,800
olive oil their teenage son. 
Who thinks that anything edible 

6077
05:42:10,800 --> 05:42:12,500
is. 
Fair game for experimenting. 

6078
05:42:12,500 --> 05:42:16,100
May have eaten it right now. 
The man needs oil and quality is

6079
05:42:16,108 --> 05:42:19,600
more vital than price. 
In times, like these experience,

6080
05:42:19,600 --> 05:42:22,500
pays off, it only takes a few 
seconds to figure out what 

6081
05:42:22,500 --> 05:42:25,500
consumer really wants. 
And it's clear that this man 

6082
05:42:25,500 --> 05:42:28,000
needs more than details product,
descriptions to feel safe. 

6083
05:42:29,000 --> 05:42:32,500
You chose one container of herb 
infused oil and one of your best

6084
05:42:32,500 --> 05:42:35,600
regular oils you say that the 
two together will provide you 

6085
05:42:35,600 --> 05:42:37,900
reliable cooking outcomes and 
the chance to make something 

6086
05:42:37,900 --> 05:42:40,700
special that will impress even 
the pickiest guests. 

6087
05:42:41,700 --> 05:42:44,500
He's obvious relief as he passes
over the money shows that you 

6088
05:42:44,500 --> 05:42:46,500
have correctly identified his 
problem. 

6089
05:42:46,500 --> 05:42:49,200
And priorities, you think his 
wife will be happy with the 

6090
05:42:49,200 --> 05:42:52,200
quality of her ingredients and 
the fact that her husband is 

6091
05:42:52,200 --> 05:42:54,600
taking charge of the situation 
as he rushes off. 

6092
05:42:54,600 --> 05:42:58,200
Holding his packages, like 
lifelines people, often come 

6093
05:42:58,200 --> 05:43:01,100
back to buy more after seeing 
the high quality ingredients can

6094
05:43:01,100 --> 05:43:04,500
make cooking more special. 
The heat keeps rising in the 

6095
05:43:04,500 --> 05:43:07,600
early afternoon making the 
Market Square feel strange. 

6096
05:43:07,600 --> 05:43:10,700
People generally think that once
the Sun starts to drop in the 

6097
05:43:10,700 --> 05:43:14,600
west everything will get serious
again and conversations will get

6098
05:43:14,600 --> 05:43:17,500
more tranquil and motions will 
become more systematic. 

6099
05:43:17,500 --> 05:43:20,600
This is the time for patient 
businesses, that know that not 

6100
05:43:20,600 --> 05:43:24,300
everyone has the same chance to 
make money. during this slower 

6101
05:43:24,300 --> 05:43:27,900
time, you organize the rest of 
your stock, wrapping up things 

6102
05:43:27,900 --> 05:43:30,500
that could be damaged by the 
Heat and putting others in 

6103
05:43:30,500 --> 05:43:33,300
places where they can get little
breeze that blows through the 

6104
05:43:33,300 --> 05:43:36,800
square, the stone column that 
Shields, you creates small air, 

6105
05:43:36,800 --> 05:43:39,100
currents that make your location
a little more comfortable than 

6106
05:43:39,100 --> 05:43:42,000
the open sections where some 
Merchants still have to deal 

6107
05:43:42,000 --> 05:43:45,500
with the full force of the 
Mediterranean Sun, During the 

6108
05:43:45,500 --> 05:43:49,100
warmest part of the Earth Day. 
A few more people look around 

6109
05:43:49,100 --> 05:43:51,900
mostly tourists, who have not 
learned to respect local 

6110
05:43:51,900 --> 05:43:55,100
conventions about resting in the
afternoon or persons, with 

6111
05:43:55,100 --> 05:43:57,400
special needs, who put their 
requirements ahead of their 

6112
05:43:57,400 --> 05:44:00,300
comfort, customers that shot 
during these hours, are 

6113
05:44:00,300 --> 05:44:03,500
sometimes very happy to locate 
exactly what they need when 

6114
05:44:03,500 --> 05:44:06,000
there are many other 
possibilities, but each sale 

6115
05:44:06,000 --> 05:44:08,000
takes a little more patience 
than in the morning. 

6116
05:44:08,900 --> 05:44:12,500
The Market Square comes back to 
life as the afternoon Sun starts

6117
05:44:12,500 --> 05:44:14,800
to set in a beautiful way over 
the Western Horizon. 

6118
05:44:14,800 --> 05:44:17,200
It's like a sleeping giant 
waking up. 

6119
05:44:17,200 --> 05:44:19,900
And remembering what it was 
meant to do when everything is 

6120
05:44:19,900 --> 05:44:22,400
bathed in warm amber light, and 
the Shadows are soft and 

6121
05:44:22,400 --> 05:44:25,000
forgiving the heat that made the
middle of the day. 

6122
05:44:25,000 --> 05:44:28,100
So unbearable, gives way to the 
magical light that photographers

6123
05:44:28,100 --> 05:44:33,100
would later call Golden hour. 
As the sun moves, your shadowed 

6124
05:44:33,100 --> 05:44:36,500
spot becomes less significant 
and you move your display again 

6125
05:44:36,500 --> 05:44:38,300
to take advantage of the better 
lighting. 

6126
05:44:38,300 --> 05:44:41,500
Even though sales have been 
steady all day, there are still 

6127
05:44:41,500 --> 05:44:44,500
a lot of stuff left over and it 
should be displayed in a way 

6128
05:44:44,500 --> 05:44:46,800
that makes the most of the 
beautiful evening light. 

6129
05:44:46,800 --> 05:44:49,900
The urban fused oils seem to 
hold on to the Warm Glow, 

6130
05:44:49,900 --> 05:44:53,600
creating a show that looks like 
a jewel and draws the attention 

6131
05:44:53,600 --> 05:44:55,700
of people from all parts of the 
square. 

6132
05:44:57,400 --> 05:45:00,400
People who shop in the morning 
and at noon, a considerably 

6133
05:45:00,400 --> 05:45:02,400
different from those who shot at
night. 

6134
05:45:02,400 --> 05:45:05,800
These customers walk at a 
leisurely Pace, like people who 

6135
05:45:05,800 --> 05:45:08,400
have finished their daily tasks 
and have time to look around 

6136
05:45:08,400 --> 05:45:12,100
investigate and maybe find 
something new people who work 

6137
05:45:12,100 --> 05:45:14,700
during the day can finally see 
their favorite vendors. 

6138
05:45:14,700 --> 05:45:18,100
Families can walk around the 
market together and servants can

6139
05:45:18,100 --> 05:45:20,200
perform last minute tools before
going home. 

6140
05:45:21,000 --> 05:45:24,300
A retired scholar walks up to 
your stool with a serious look 

6141
05:45:24,300 --> 05:45:26,900
on his face. 
And a walking stick that softly 

6142
05:45:26,900 --> 05:45:30,000
Taps on the stone pavement, he 
looks over your products very 

6143
05:45:30,000 --> 05:45:32,300
thoroughly and asked questions 
that show. 

6144
05:45:32,300 --> 05:45:34,400
He knows a lot about 
Mediterranean cooking. 

6145
05:45:34,400 --> 05:45:37,400
It's clear that this person 
thinks cooking is both an art 

6146
05:45:37,408 --> 05:45:40,400
and a science and he's looking 
for items that will show off his

6147
05:45:40,400 --> 05:45:42,800
skills. 
You have the kind of deep 

6148
05:45:42,800 --> 05:45:46,600
conversations that make this job
so rewarding he wants to know 

6149
05:45:46,600 --> 05:45:49,900
where the herbs in your infused 
oils come from and how different

6150
05:45:49,900 --> 05:45:52,800
combinations can perform better 
with different cooking methods. 

6151
05:45:52,800 --> 05:45:55,800
The talk goes across everything 
from Greek techniques to make 

6152
05:45:55,800 --> 05:45:58,600
veggies taste better to Roman 
ways to cook fish. 

6153
05:45:58,600 --> 05:46:01,600
You also find out that your 
customer has traveled a lot and 

6154
05:46:01,600 --> 05:46:04,000
collected recipes like some 
people collect coins. 

6155
05:46:04,000 --> 05:46:07,600
He finally buys a lot of things 
including many containers of 

6156
05:46:07,600 --> 05:46:10,100
different oils. 
Each chosen for a specific 

6157
05:46:10,100 --> 05:46:12,800
cooking purpose that he happily 
describes. 

6158
05:46:12,800 --> 05:46:15,700
He tells you about uses for your
items that you haven't thought 

6159
05:46:15,700 --> 05:46:18,500
of and he promises to send other
serious Cooks. 

6160
05:46:18,500 --> 05:46:21,500
He knows to your stand. 
This is worth more than the 

6161
05:46:21,500 --> 05:46:24,100
rapid sale. 
No amount of yelling or flashy 

6162
05:46:24,100 --> 05:46:26,900
sales, pitches can compare to 
the value of loyal, customers 

6163
05:46:26,900 --> 05:46:28,400
telling their friends about your
business. 

6164
05:46:29,400 --> 05:46:31,700
You can tell that the young 
Copper Pot seller had a tough 

6165
05:46:31,700 --> 05:46:34,200
morning. 
But as the day goes on, you can 

6166
05:46:34,200 --> 05:46:37,800
see that he has had a good day 
with the pleasure of someone who

6167
05:46:37,800 --> 05:46:40,200
is effectively applied important
Lessons Learned. 

6168
05:46:40,200 --> 05:46:44,100
He has cut down on his display 
by a lot and is carefully 

6169
05:46:44,100 --> 05:46:45,600
wrapping up the rest of his 
stock. 

6170
05:46:45,600 --> 05:46:48,500
It's nice to see new people get 
settled into the traditional 

6171
05:46:48,500 --> 05:46:51,200
dance of business. 
The marketplace takes on a 

6172
05:46:51,200 --> 05:46:53,100
different identity as the day 
comes to an end. 

6173
05:46:53,100 --> 05:46:56,100
People seem to think that the 
serious business of buying and 

6174
05:46:56,100 --> 05:46:59,200
selling is giving way to the 
social side of Market life as 

6175
05:46:59,200 --> 05:47:01,500
talks. 
Get more casual and transactions

6176
05:47:01,500 --> 05:47:04,500
become less tense, regular 
customers and sellers, talk 

6177
05:47:04,500 --> 05:47:07,100
about neighborhood, gossip 
family news and what they expect

6178
05:47:07,100 --> 05:47:09,300
to sell tomorrow. 
Kids who have been stuck in 

6179
05:47:09,300 --> 05:47:12,200
doors because of the Heat come 
out with their parents and add 

6180
05:47:12,200 --> 05:47:14,800
their voices to the subtle 
murmur of evening Commerce. 

6181
05:47:15,900 --> 05:47:18,100
The well-dressed woman who was 
your first customer of the day 

6182
05:47:18,100 --> 05:47:21,400
comes back with two companions 
who are clearly from out of 

6183
05:47:21,408 --> 05:47:23,400
town. 
This leads to your last big 

6184
05:47:23,400 --> 05:47:27,100
transaction of the day. 
Something you didn't expect He 

6185
05:47:27,100 --> 05:47:29,400
talks about your herb infused 
oils with the eagerness of 

6186
05:47:29,400 --> 05:47:31,900
someone who has already used the
oil, she bought in the morning 

6187
05:47:31,900 --> 05:47:35,600
and is happy with the results. 
You mentally, note your friend's

6188
05:47:35,600 --> 05:47:38,900
choices for later, use when they
buy in bulk as the sun sets 

6189
05:47:38,900 --> 05:47:42,400
painting, the Western sky with 
pink and gold colors, that would

6190
05:47:42,408 --> 05:47:44,300
make even the gods. 
Stop and stare. 

6191
05:47:44,300 --> 05:47:47,400
You begin, the process of 
closing down your stall for the 

6192
05:47:47,400 --> 05:47:51,000
Earth Day, your coin purse which
is substantially heavier now 

6193
05:47:51,000 --> 05:47:54,100
than it was at Daybreak. 
Represents both your financial 

6194
05:47:54,100 --> 05:47:57,300
success and the satisfaction 
that comes from pairing high 

6195
05:47:57,300 --> 05:48:00,100
quality Goods with happy clients
all day long. 

6196
05:48:00,800 --> 05:48:03,200
The last of the goods are 
carefully packaged for 

6197
05:48:03,200 --> 05:48:06,400
tomorrow's Market, each box is 
wrapped and secured so that they

6198
05:48:06,400 --> 05:48:08,900
will be in perfect shape for 
another day of probable sales. 

6199
05:48:09,800 --> 05:48:12,400
Your read mat, which has been a 
loyal friend on many Market days

6200
05:48:12,400 --> 05:48:15,800
is folded with the respect that 
comes from a reliable business 

6201
05:48:15,800 --> 05:48:17,600
partner. 
You take apart the wooden 

6202
05:48:17,600 --> 05:48:20,100
platform that contains your 
special oils and store it with 

6203
05:48:20,100 --> 05:48:23,000
your other tools. 
The market square around you 

6204
05:48:23,000 --> 05:48:25,800
steadily empties out as other 
vendors conclude their own 

6205
05:48:25,800 --> 05:48:28,600
closing tasks. 
Some people are packing up empty

6206
05:48:28,600 --> 05:48:30,900
containers with happy 
Expressions, after selling out, 

6207
05:48:31,700 --> 05:48:35,500
Others who might not be as lucky
or experience to emerging their 

6208
05:48:35,500 --> 05:48:38,200
leftover goods and getting ready
for tomorrow's event. 

6209
05:48:38,200 --> 05:48:40,900
No matter what happened to 
today, tomorrow brings new 

6210
05:48:40,900 --> 05:48:43,300
Chance's. 
This shows that the merchants 

6211
05:48:43,300 --> 05:48:46,700
are always hopeful in every 
face, Walking home through 

6212
05:48:46,700 --> 05:48:49,600
Alexandria's quiet evening. 
Streets is a nice break from The

6213
05:48:49,600 --> 05:48:52,700
Busy Market Commerce and the 
more subtle pleasures of daily 

6214
05:48:52,700 --> 05:48:54,800
life. 
Your leather bag, which now, 

6215
05:48:54,800 --> 05:48:58,300
houses currency and products 
pleasantly brushes against your 

6216
05:48:58,300 --> 05:49:00,300
hip. 
With each stride, reminding you 

6217
05:49:00,300 --> 05:49:03,300
of what you've done that day. 
The cobblestones under your 

6218
05:49:03,300 --> 05:49:06,200
sandals, feel nice and familiar.
They are still warm from the 

6219
05:49:06,200 --> 05:49:10,000
days heat but not too hot. 
As people in the city like their

6220
05:49:10,000 --> 05:49:12,400
oil lamps and the smell of 
dinner cooking, wafts Through 

6221
05:49:12,408 --> 05:49:16,100
the Windows and Doors, the city,
relaxes into its likely Rhythm. 

6222
05:49:16,100 --> 05:49:19,100
You smile at the prospect that 
the money you made this morning,

6223
05:49:19,100 --> 05:49:20,800
might go toward the family 
dinner tonight. 

6224
05:49:21,700 --> 05:49:23,800
Someone nearby is cooking fish 
with herbs. 

6225
05:49:23,800 --> 05:49:25,600
That smell a lot. 
Like the ones you use in your 

6226
05:49:25,600 --> 05:49:28,100
own personal blend. 
If it feels great to know that 

6227
05:49:28,100 --> 05:49:30,400
your work helps people get 
together over good food and 

6228
05:49:30,400 --> 05:49:32,800
meals. 
You buy a loaf of bread from the

6229
05:49:32,800 --> 05:49:35,400
bakery, where you've been a 
regular customer for 15 years. 

6230
05:49:35,400 --> 05:49:37,800
The bread is still warm from the
ovens. 

6231
05:49:37,800 --> 05:49:41,900
The heavy set, man, who works as
a baker and constantly has flour

6232
05:49:41,900 --> 05:49:45,100
on his apron, asks, about your 
day, with the genuine interests 

6233
05:49:45,100 --> 05:49:49,100
of a small company owner, 
inquiring about another, a lot 

6234
05:49:49,100 --> 05:49:51,300
of approval and a loaf of bread.
That is a little bigger than 

6235
05:49:51,308 --> 05:49:53,200
what you paid for. 
Other fruits of your short 

6236
05:49:53,200 --> 05:49:55,500
report of steady sales and happy
customers. 

6237
05:49:55,500 --> 05:49:58,800
This is the kind of small 
gesture of kindness, that makes 

6238
05:49:58,800 --> 05:50:01,900
a local business feel like a 
community instead of just a 

6239
05:50:01,900 --> 05:50:04,800
transaction. 
The Narrow Street that connects 

6240
05:50:04,800 --> 05:50:07,300
to your home and store feels 
like a safe place after the 

6241
05:50:07,300 --> 05:50:10,200
Market Square is. 
So bustling the voices are 

6242
05:50:10,200 --> 05:50:12,500
softer. 
The tempo is slower and the 

6243
05:50:12,500 --> 05:50:16,200
problems are more personal than 
business-related kids play games

6244
05:50:16,200 --> 05:50:19,400
in small Courtyards and their 
laughter Echoes off the old 

6245
05:50:19,400 --> 05:50:21,300
stone walls. 
That have seen many nights like 

6246
05:50:21,300 --> 05:50:24,500
these elderly people sit at 
doorways and watch the world go 

6247
05:50:24,500 --> 05:50:27,200
by, with the patient attention 
of individuals who have learned 

6248
05:50:27,200 --> 05:50:29,000
to enjoy the drama of everyday 
life. 

6249
05:50:29,700 --> 05:50:32,000
As you walk into your shop, 
which has been locked since 

6250
05:50:32,000 --> 05:50:35,900
Daybreak, The Familiar smell of 
olive oil and the faint floral 

6251
05:50:35,900 --> 05:50:37,700
notes, that fill the whole 
building greet. 

6252
05:50:37,700 --> 05:50:41,700
You the huge storage M40, which 
stand like motionless guards in 

6253
05:50:41,700 --> 05:50:45,100
the darkening Sky hold both the 
wealth of the present and the 

6254
05:50:45,100 --> 05:50:48,000
promise of the future tomorrow. 
You'll need to restock some 

6255
05:50:48,000 --> 05:50:50,100
items. 
Maybe test out a new herb 

6256
05:50:50,100 --> 05:50:52,100
combination that came to you 
while you were talking to 

6257
05:50:52,100 --> 05:50:55,400
clients today and definitely 
organized the best possible mix 

6258
05:50:55,400 --> 05:50:57,000
of products for another day in 
the market. 

6259
05:50:58,200 --> 05:51:01,900
The stairs to your living space 
Creak, their nightly greeting, 

6260
05:51:01,900 --> 05:51:04,200
as you climb to the chamber, 
that serves as both a bedroom 

6261
05:51:04,200 --> 05:51:06,400
and acquire to escape from the 
business World below. 

6262
05:51:06,400 --> 05:51:09,700
You may find finally relax here 
surrounded by things that tell 

6263
05:51:09,700 --> 05:51:11,400
the story of your 20 years as a 
merchant. 

6264
05:51:11,400 --> 05:51:15,000
The bronze mirror shows a face 
that his pleasantly tired from 

6265
05:51:15,000 --> 05:51:18,300
both mental and physical effort,
which is different from just 

6266
05:51:18,300 --> 05:51:20,600
being tired. 
You count the money, you 

6267
05:51:20,600 --> 05:51:22,900
generate every day because you 
need to keep an eye on your 

6268
05:51:22,900 --> 05:51:26,700
business's health and prepare 
for future purchases and 

6269
05:51:26,700 --> 05:51:28,800
Investments. 
Not because you want to the 

6270
05:51:28,800 --> 05:51:31,500
coins are more than just money, 
they show that you have good 

6271
05:51:31,500 --> 05:51:34,200
relationships with your 
customers, that your pricing and

6272
05:51:34,200 --> 05:51:37,000
quality judgement are still good
and that you'll have enough 

6273
05:51:37,000 --> 05:51:40,100
resources for New Opportunities.
When the Market opens tomorrow, 

6274
05:51:40,100 --> 05:51:43,200
you make the evening meal with 
food, you bought on your way 

6275
05:51:43,200 --> 05:51:46,200
home and it becomes a private 
celebration of the day's work. 

6276
05:51:46,200 --> 05:51:49,200
A simple but full dinner made 
with bread from your local 

6277
05:51:49,200 --> 05:51:52,800
bakery cheese, from the seller 
to blocks away and a little bit 

6278
05:51:52,800 --> 05:51:54,500
of your own. 
Best olive oil connects you to 

6279
05:51:54,500 --> 05:51:57,600
the business and community that 
makes Alexandria such a terrific

6280
05:51:57,600 --> 05:52:03,500
place to live and work. 
As night sets and the sounds of 

6281
05:52:03,508 --> 05:52:07,300
the evening distant chatter, the
clip-clop of late Travelers 

6282
05:52:07,300 --> 05:52:09,800
donkeys, and the closing of 
shutters and doors. 

6283
05:52:09,800 --> 05:52:12,500
Create the sweet Lullaby of 
urban life. 

6284
05:52:12,500 --> 05:52:16,100
Winding down, you think about 
the routines and joys of the 

6285
05:52:16,100 --> 05:52:19,600
merchants existence each day 
brings new challenges and 

6286
05:52:19,600 --> 05:52:22,400
rewards the new group of people 
with different needs and 

6287
05:52:22,400 --> 05:52:25,800
personalities and opportunities,
to match products with clients 

6288
05:52:25,800 --> 05:52:29,800
who will really utilize them. 
As you get ready for bed, the 

6289
05:52:29,800 --> 05:52:33,200
lamp flame, flickers, softly 
making Shadows danced, on the 

6290
05:52:33,200 --> 05:52:35,500
walls that have kept. 
You safe during good times and 

6291
05:52:35,500 --> 05:52:37,800
bad when Alexandria was doing 
well. 

6292
05:52:37,800 --> 05:52:41,400
And when politics May trade 
harder, the basic appeal of 

6293
05:52:41,400 --> 05:52:44,700
being a merchant has never 
changed the satisfaction of 

6294
05:52:44,700 --> 05:52:47,000
delivering high-quality Goods to
happy customers. 

6295
05:52:47,000 --> 05:52:50,300
The intellectual challenge of 
understanding markets and people

6296
05:52:50,300 --> 05:52:53,500
equally well and the knowledge 
that your work is helping the 

6297
05:52:53,500 --> 05:52:57,200
great human effort to provide 
food shelter and care for one 

6298
05:52:57,200 --> 05:52:59,500
another. 
Tomorrow will bring a fresh 

6299
05:52:59,500 --> 05:53:01,900
opportunity to do business 
ethically, and one of the 

6300
05:53:01,900 --> 05:53:05,000
biggest markets on the globe, 
you'll meet new clientele with 

6301
05:53:05,000 --> 05:53:08,000
different needs and tastes and 
you'll have new chances to do 

6302
05:53:08,000 --> 05:53:10,400
business ethically. 
You can rest easy tonight 

6303
05:53:10,400 --> 05:53:13,100
knowing that you did a good job 
kept your relationship strong 

6304
05:53:13,100 --> 05:53:16,000
and had another successful day 
in the endlessly, interesting, 

6305
05:53:16,000 --> 05:53:18,700
Business of Being Human where 
everyone needs something. 

6306
05:53:18,700 --> 05:53:22,300
And the wise Merchants Joy is in
helping find it. 

6307
05:53:23,100 --> 05:53:25,300
The donkey next door. 
Seems happy with how he sang 

6308
05:53:25,300 --> 05:53:28,300
this morning and goes to sleep 
peacefully while Alexandria 

6309
05:53:28,300 --> 05:53:29,800
sleeps. 
The merchants of tomorrow 

6310
05:53:29,800 --> 05:53:31,200
already. 
Dreaming of mourning.