Boring History | The Ottoman Empire Through the Eyes of Its Women | Black Screen with Rain

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Tonight, my friends were 
entering the world of the 

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Ottoman Empire yet again. 
Not through the battles or 

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Sultans but through the quiet 
strength of its women From the 

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Harem quarts of Topkapi Palace 
to the bustling markets of 

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Istanbul, women's shaped culture
diplomacy and family life in 

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ways history often Whispers. 
And stead of shouts, some were 

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poets, some were mothers some 
wielded more influence behind 

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the curtain than any Vizio ever 
could. 

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So before you get comfortable, 
as always, take a moment to like

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the video and subscribe to the 
channel. 

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Also, please let us know where 
you're watching from and what 

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time it is for you. 
Now, dim your light and as you 

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settle in, Imagine The rustle of
Silk Roads the center of 

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rosewater drifting through 
marble halls and the soft murmur

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of lives lived, with Grace 
resilience and power. 

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This is the Ottoman Empire 
seemed Through The Eyes of its 

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women. 
Picture this. 

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Your settling in with your 
evening tea maybe wandering. 

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What life was really like for 
women. 

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In one of history is most 
mysterious Empires. 

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Well, grab that blanket a little
tighter because the truth about 

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ottoman women is far more 
fascinating than any Hollywood 

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movie ever suggested. 
Let's start by throwing out 

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everything. 
You think you know about harems 

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could you imagine those Gauzy 
perfume Chambers filled with 

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languishing views? 
This is Pure Fantasy. 

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My friend. 
The reality was more like a 

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cross between a boarding school,
a finishing Academy. 

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And if we're being honest, very 
exclusive sorority house with 

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serious political clout. 
You see the ottoman Imperial 

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hair and wasn't just where the 
sultan kept his wives. 

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It was the nerve center of 
female power in an Empire that 

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stretched from Hungary to Yemen.
Think of it as the Ultimate 

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Women's networking event that 
lasted for centuries. 

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The women there were just 
sitting around eating Turkish 

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Delight in fanning themselves. 
They were running businesses 

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influencing politics and quite 
literally shaping. 

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The future of three continents, 
take her some salt and for 

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instance you might know her as 
rocksalana. 

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If you've watched any Turkish 
dramas lately, this Ukrainian 

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woman didn't just catch the eye 
of Suleiman the Magnificent. 

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She completely revolutionized, 
how Imperial marriages worked. 

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Before her Sultan's didn't marry
their concubine's after her. 

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Well, let's just say she rewrote
the rules while having 

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breakfast. 
But here's what really tickles 

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me about ottoman. 
Women's history while European 

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ladies were still asking 
permission to read books. 

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Ottoman women were founding 
libraries commissioning moss and

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running International Trade 
Networks. 

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Vileda. 
Sultan the mother of the 

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reigning Sultan wielded more 
real political power than most 

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Kings in Europe, she controlled 
her, own Court, budget, and 

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intelligence Network surpassing 
the capabilities of any modern 

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diplomat. 
The morning routine in the Harem

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would put your yoga class to 
shame. 

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These. 
Women started their days in 

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communal baths that were 
architectural Marvels. 

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Imagine soaking in warm marble 
pools, while discussing the 

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latest political developments 
and planning, which Public Works

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projects to fund next The Hammam
wasn't just about getting clean.

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It was where deals were made 
alliances formed and the 

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Empire's future quietly decided 
over rows centered Steam. 

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And speaking of morning 
routines, let's talk about 

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coffee. 
Yes, coffee. 

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Ottoman women were among the 
first to embrace this 

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revolutionary. 
Beverage turning coffee houses, 

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in to informal centers, of 
female Social Power. 

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While the men were off, 
conquering territories, the 

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women were conquering hearts and
Minds over. 

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Perfectly brewed, Turkish 
coffee, they even developed a 

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labret coffee, fortune telling 
Traditions that still exists 

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today. 
Because apparently reading the 

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future and coffee grounds as 
both practical and entertaining.

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Clothing, these women were would
make modern fashion designers, 

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weep With Envy, forget those 
flimsy hair and pants from 

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costume shops. 
Real ottoman women dressed in 

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layers of silk and velvet that 
cost more than small kingdoms. 

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Their caftans were walking, art,
galleries, embroidered with 

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Golden Threads that told stories
of Their Own. 

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Single sleeve might feature, 
motifs representing their 

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Hometown, their achievements, 
and their hopes for the future. 

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But perhaps, the most remarkable
thing about these women was 

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their education. 
While European women were 

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considered well-educated, if 
they could embroidered a nicely 

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ottoman, women were studying 
mathematics, astronomy 

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literature and theology. 
They wrote poetry that 

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influenced entire literary 
movements composed music that 

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echoed through Palace halls and 
engaged in philosophical 

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debates, that would challenge 
any modern academic. 

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The evening entertainment in the
Harem wasn't what you'd expect 

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either. 
Instead of belly dancing, which 

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by the way, wasn't even 
particularly ottoman, these 

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women organized sophisticated 
salons, where they discussed 

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everything from architecture to 
military strategy. 

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They were patrons of the Arts 
who discovered and supported 

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some of the Empire's greatest 
talents. 

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So as you drift off tonight, 
remember this, the next time, 

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someone mentions ottoman women. 
You'll know. 

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They weren't just beautiful 
ornaments in a Sultan's 

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collection. 
They were the backbone of an 

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Empire. 
The power behind the throne and 

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quite possibly having more fun 
than anyone gives them credit. 

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For now that you're comfortable,
let's slip into the silk 

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slippers of the most powerful 
woman in the Ottoman Empire. 

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The validity sultan Imagine 
waking up each morning knowing 

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that your decisions could 
literally reshape the map of the

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world before lunch. 
There's no pressure, right? 

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The valley Dayton's day started 
Before Sunrise. 

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Not due to her preference for 
early mornings, but due to the 

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unpredictable nature of running 
a transcontinental Empire The 

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morning briefing would make any 
modern CEOs head. 

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Spin reports from provincial 
governments update on Military 

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campaigns intelligence from the 
Venetian Ambassador and oh yes, 

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making sure her son the salt and
remember to eat something 

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besides dates and honey for 
breakfast. 

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These women were just 
figureheads with fancy titles. 

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They can control in enormous, 
budgets manage, vast, real 

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estate, portfolios, and 
maintained diplomatic 

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correspondence with Queen's and 
empresses across Europe. 

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Safiya Sultan mother of mehmed 
III once casually decided to 

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fund the construction of a 
massive mosque complex in 

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Istanbul. 
In response to the treasurer's 

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concerns about the cost. 
She said, well, Build It Anyway.

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The Empire can afford it and if 
it can't, we'll just conquer 

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somewhere wealthy. 
Talk about confidence in your 

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family business, the 
bureaucracy, these women had to 

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navigate on a daily basis would 
cause modern politicians, 

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immense anxiety, every morning 
brought a parade of officials 

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each with their agenda, their 
problems and their own, very 

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creative interpretations of the 
truth. 

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The valley assaulted had to be 
part Diplomat part, detective 

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and part mother hen off. 
Before her morning coffee had a 

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chance to call down 
Interestingly, these women 

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establish their own informal. 
Communication, networks 

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surpassing the capabilities of 
any modern social media platform

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through a system of loyal 
servants, strategic marriages 

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and carefully. 
Placed allies, a valide sultan 

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could have information from the 
farthest corners of the Empire 

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on her desk faster than official
government reports. 

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They practically invented 
crowdsourcing except instead of 

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entertaining cat videos, they 
were sharing intelligence about 

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trade routes and Military 
movements. 

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The midday meal in the Valle de 
Sultan's, quarters, wasn't just 

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lunch. 
It was a diplomatic Summit 

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disguised, as a social Gathering
picture. 

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This you're trying to enjoy your
stuffed grape leaves while 

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simultaneously mediating, a 
dispute between two provincial 

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Governors, planning your 
daughter's wedding to strengthen

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an alliance with crime in 
nobility and deciding whether to

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support your son's latest 
military Adventure. 

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It was just another Tuesday in 
the life of the most powerful 

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woman in the Empire. 
The real magic unfolded during 

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our afternoon, audience's 
petitioners would line up 

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Merchant seeking trade, 
privileges Scholars, requesting 

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patronage, and mothers asking 
for their sons released from 

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military service. 
The valley, their Sultan had to 

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be Solomon and Mother Teresa 
rolled into one dispensing, 

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Justice, and mercy, and equal 
measure. 

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When she had to do it all while 
wearing about 15 pounds of 

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ceremonial robes and a headdress
that required its own 

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architectural support system. 
The paperwork alone would 

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terrify, modern administrator. 
Every decision had to be 

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documented every favor, 
carefully recorded and every 

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Alliance meticulously tracked. 
These women were managing 

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complex political relationships 
across dozens of cultures and 

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languages. 
All while maintaining the 

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delicate balance between Islamic
law, Imperial tradition, and 

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practical necessity. 
But perhaps the most exhausting 

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part of a valid Sultans day was 
managing the family Dynamics. 

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Imagine trying to keep peace 
between multiple Door's in law, 

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we each think their son should 
be the next solar making sure 

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your own son doesn't make any 
catastrophically bad decisions. 

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It was like, running family 
therapy sessions for people who 

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had armies at their disposal. 
The evening hours, brought a 

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different kind of work, the 
meticulous, cultivation of 

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culture and learning that 
elevated, the ottoman Court to a

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position of European Envy. 
These women were patron of 

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poets, Architects, musicians, 
and Scholars. 

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They commissioned breathtaking. 
Works of art funded. 

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Scientific Expeditions that 
enriched human knowledge and 

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supported literary salons that 
produce some of the world's 

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greatest poetry. 
And through it all, they 

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maintain their Grace, their 
dignity, and their sense of 

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humor. 
Managing an Empire. 

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Spanning three continents 
requires one to either embrace 

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the absurdity of the situation 
or succumb to complete Insanity.

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Thankfully, the majority of them
opted for laughter which likely 

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explains why their legacy 
endures today. 

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Despite the collapse of many 
other, powerful dynasties, pull 

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that blanket up a little higher 
because we're about to dive into

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the most misunderstood aspect of
Ottoman. 

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Women's lives Love and Marriage.
And trust me, it's nothing like 

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what you've seen in those 
dramatic television series where

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everyone seems to spend their 
entire day gazing, longingly 

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through lattice windows. 
Firstly, let's tackle the most 

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significant issue, the salt and 
the hair of Ottoman. 

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Marriage politics was so 
complex, they'd make modern 

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dating apps look simple. 
These were not merely romantic 

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Arrangements. 
They were International treaties

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accompanied by a wedding cake. 
Entire regions are weighted the 

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marriage of an ottoman. 
Princess as the alliance had the

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potential to shift the balance 
of power from the Adriatic to 

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the Black Sea. 
Take princess my daughter of 

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slave and the Magnificent. 
Prince married to grand. 

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Vizier was not merely a romantic
Union despite their Mutual 

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fundus. 
But a strategic maneuver that 

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solidified power ensured loyalty
and extended her influence 

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beyond the traditional realm of 
a wife. 

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She basically became the 
Empire's unofficial foreign 

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minister except with better 
jewelry and significantly more 

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dramatic family dinners. 
But here's what's truly 

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fascinating, ottoman, women had 
far more say in their marriages 

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than their European 
counterparts. 

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While English and French ladies 
were being traded like poker 

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chips, ottoman, women. 
Specially those of higher rank, 

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could negotiate, their marriage 
contracts, specify their rights 

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and even include divorce 
clauses. 

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Before prenuptial agreements. 
Gain popularity, ottoman. 

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Women were crafting prenuptial 
agreements that would leave 

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modern lawyers, envious. 
The whole Concord system. 

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While obviously, problematic by,
today's standards was actually 

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more nuanced than most people 
realize. 

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Many of these women wielded 
enormous influence accumulated, 

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vast personal wealth and 
maintained their households 

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after their formal relationships
ended. 

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Some became powerful 
businesswoman. 

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Others devoted themselves to 
charitable works and quite a few

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became the power behind various 
political movements. 

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Rather than being passive 
victims. 

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These women actively 
participated in the process 

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often outperforming their male 
counterparts. 

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The marriage ceremony is in the 
ottoman Court surpass, the 

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00:11:57,700 --> 00:11:59,500
Grandeur of modern, Royal 
wedding's. 

234
00:11:59,500 --> 00:12:01,900
We're talking weeklong, 
celebrations. 

235
00:12:01,900 --> 00:12:05,600
That involve the entire city, 
with processions, fireworks and 

236
00:12:05,600 --> 00:12:07,200
enough food to feed a small 
army. 

237
00:12:08,100 --> 00:12:10,400
The bride's true. 
So alone could fund a military 

238
00:12:10,400 --> 00:12:12,800
campaign. 
Featuring textiles from across 

239
00:12:12,800 --> 00:12:15,200
the Empire. 
Jewelry that required its 

240
00:12:15,200 --> 00:12:18,800
security detail and household 
items crafted by the finest 

241
00:12:18,800 --> 00:12:22,400
artisans in the known world. 
But the real drama happened 

242
00:12:22,400 --> 00:12:24,800
after the wedding, when these 
women had to navigate the 

243
00:12:24,800 --> 00:12:27,200
intricate social hierarchies of 
their new homes. 

244
00:12:28,100 --> 00:12:30,300
An ottoman bride wasn't just 
marrying a man. 

245
00:12:30,308 --> 00:12:33,600
She was entering a complex web 
of relationships with other 

246
00:12:33,600 --> 00:12:37,800
wives concubines children and 
extended family members. 

247
00:12:38,700 --> 00:12:41,500
Success, necessitated The 
Diplomatic abilities of an 

248
00:12:41,500 --> 00:12:45,400
ambassador, the forbearance of a
saint and the Strategic Acumen 

249
00:12:45,400 --> 00:12:48,600
of a chess Grandmaster, the love
letter that survive from this 

250
00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:53,200
period are absolutely delicious.
These women wrote with passion 

251
00:12:53,200 --> 00:12:57,100
wit and sometimes a delightfully
cutting sense of humor. 

252
00:12:58,000 --> 00:13:00,300
One princess wrote to her 
husband during a military 

253
00:13:00,300 --> 00:13:03,200
campaign. 
The roses in our garden a 

254
00:13:03,200 --> 00:13:05,900
blooming beautifully. 
Much like my affection for you 

255
00:13:05,900 --> 00:13:07,600
though. 
The roses require less 

256
00:13:07,600 --> 00:13:09,900
maintenance and complain. 
Far less about the weather. 

257
00:13:10,900 --> 00:13:13,600
Apparently, even Royal romance 
came with a side of gentle 

258
00:13:13,600 --> 00:13:16,800
teasing. 
Divorce while not common was 

259
00:13:16,800 --> 00:13:20,200
possible and sometimes, 
surprisingly, amicable ottoman, 

260
00:13:20,200 --> 00:13:23,300
women could retain their 
property their titles and often 

261
00:13:23,300 --> 00:13:26,100
their influence. 
Some divorced Imperial wives 

262
00:13:26,100 --> 00:13:29,500
went on to become major, patrons
of the Arts funding mosques 

263
00:13:29,500 --> 00:13:32,100
schools and charitable 
foundations. 

264
00:13:32,100 --> 00:13:35,400
They basically invented the 
concept of independent wealth 

265
00:13:35,400 --> 00:13:38,100
and social influence after 
marriage, which wasn't exactly 

266
00:13:38,100 --> 00:13:39,900
trending in 16th century, 
Europe. 

267
00:13:40,600 --> 00:13:43,100
The children from these 
marriages often became Bridges 

268
00:13:43,100 --> 00:13:45,100
between different cultures, and 
traditions. 

269
00:13:45,800 --> 00:13:48,900
Ottoman princesses, who married 
into noble families across the 

270
00:13:48,900 --> 00:13:51,500
Empire didn't just bring 
political alliances. 

271
00:13:51,500 --> 00:13:56,500
They brought languages Customs 
artistic traditions in culinary 

272
00:13:56,500 --> 00:13:58,700
preferences that enriched the 
already diverse. 

273
00:13:58,700 --> 00:14:01,600
Ottoman, cultural landscape. 
They were walking cultural 

274
00:14:01,600 --> 00:14:04,700
exchange programs. 
Minus the awkward Icebreaker 

275
00:14:04,700 --> 00:14:07,100
activities. 
And let's not forget the 

276
00:14:07,100 --> 00:14:09,800
grandmothers. 
The former wives and mothers who

277
00:14:09,800 --> 00:14:12,900
had successfully navigated 
Decades of Imperial politics. 

278
00:14:13,800 --> 00:14:16,800
These women became the 
unofficial advisors the keepers 

279
00:14:16,800 --> 00:14:20,400
of institutional memory and the 
ones who could gently or not. 

280
00:14:20,400 --> 00:14:23,600
So, gently remind everyone how 
things were supposed to work. 

281
00:14:23,600 --> 00:14:27,100
They were living library of 
political wisdom relationship 

282
00:14:27,100 --> 00:14:30,500
advice and probably some truly 
spectacular gossip. 

283
00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:35,600
So tonight, as you're drifting 
off to sleep, remember that 

284
00:14:35,600 --> 00:14:38,500
ottoman love stories weren't 
just about passion and romance 

285
00:14:38,500 --> 00:14:40,500
though. 
There was certainly plenty of 

286
00:14:40,508 --> 00:14:42,900
both. 
They were about women, who knew 

287
00:14:42,900 --> 00:14:46,500
that, love and politics could 
co-exist that the heart and mind

288
00:14:46,500 --> 00:14:49,100
could work together, and that 
writing your own rules about 

289
00:14:49,100 --> 00:14:50,600
relationships, could be 
revolutionary. 

290
00:14:51,400 --> 00:14:53,800
That's wander away from the 
palace now and into the bustling

291
00:14:53,800 --> 00:14:56,500
heart of Ottoman Commerce where 
women were quietly. 

292
00:14:56,500 --> 00:14:59,100
Revolutionizing business 
practices while everyone else 

293
00:14:59,100 --> 00:15:02,600
was arguing about trade routes 
Grab your imaginary Market 

294
00:15:02,600 --> 00:15:05,200
Basket because we're about to 
discover that ottoman women 

295
00:15:05,200 --> 00:15:07,800
basically invented on 
entrepreneurship centuries 

296
00:15:07,800 --> 00:15:09,500
before anyone thought to call it
that. 

297
00:15:10,400 --> 00:15:12,700
The Grand Bazaar of Istanbul 
wasn't just a shopping 

298
00:15:12,700 --> 00:15:14,700
destination. 
It was the New York Stock 

299
00:15:14,700 --> 00:15:16,700
Exchange, Silicon Valley and 
Wall Street. 

300
00:15:16,700 --> 00:15:21,200
All rolled into one magnificent,
aromatic Maze, and surprise. 

301
00:15:21,200 --> 00:15:23,200
Women weren't just shopping 
there. 

302
00:15:23,200 --> 00:15:26,200
They were running the show from 
behind the scenes, pulling 

303
00:15:26,200 --> 00:15:29,200
strings like Master puppeteers, 
who happen to have excellent 

304
00:15:29,200 --> 00:15:32,500
taste in textiles, meet the 
two-car honeymoon, the merchant 

305
00:15:32,500 --> 00:15:35,300
women, who operated trading 
networks, that span from Cairo 

306
00:15:35,300 --> 00:15:38,600
to Crimea, These weren't 
small-time, shopkeepers selling 

307
00:15:38,600 --> 00:15:41,900
trinkets to tourists were 
talking about women who find out

308
00:15:41,900 --> 00:15:45,700
entire Caravan, maintained 
warehouse's, multiple continents

309
00:15:45,700 --> 00:15:49,300
and could crash local economies 
simply by deciding, not to buy 

310
00:15:49,300 --> 00:15:51,900
silk That season. 
They were the original 

311
00:15:51,900 --> 00:15:54,700
PowerShot, except they were 
shopping wholesale. 

312
00:15:54,700 --> 00:15:57,900
And their purchasing decisions 
affected international trade, 

313
00:15:58,600 --> 00:16:01,500
The textile business was 
particularly dominated by women 

314
00:16:01,500 --> 00:16:04,800
which makes perfect sense. 
When you think about it, Who 

315
00:16:04,800 --> 00:16:07,600
better to judge the quality of 
silk than someone who's been 

316
00:16:07,600 --> 00:16:11,200
wearing it since childhood? 
These women developed quality 

317
00:16:11,200 --> 00:16:14,500
control standards that European 
guilds couldn't match, they 

318
00:16:14,500 --> 00:16:17,400
could determine the origin of a 
piece of fabric by touch alone 

319
00:16:17,400 --> 00:16:19,900
spot. 
Inferior dies from across a 

320
00:16:19,900 --> 00:16:22,800
crowded Bazaar and negotiate 
prices that would make modern 

321
00:16:22,800 --> 00:16:26,500
corporate lawyers proud But 
here's where it gets intriguing.

322
00:16:26,500 --> 00:16:29,600
Many of these business women 
were all so, major creditors, 

323
00:16:29,600 --> 00:16:32,700
they loaned money to everyone 
from Village Merchants to 

324
00:16:32,700 --> 00:16:35,700
provincial Governors and their 
record, keeping systems were so 

325
00:16:35,708 --> 00:16:38,800
sophisticated that European 
banking houses, eventually 

326
00:16:38,800 --> 00:16:42,100
adopted similar practices. 
They basically invented 

327
00:16:42,100 --> 00:16:45,200
Commercial Banking, except with 
better customer service and 

328
00:16:45,200 --> 00:16:48,300
considerably more Style. 
The spice trade was another 

329
00:16:48,300 --> 00:16:51,600
female dominated Arena, which 
honestly makes perfect sense. 

330
00:16:51,600 --> 00:16:55,100
These women were knowledgeable 
about the freshness of cardamom 

331
00:16:55,100 --> 00:16:58,900
pods, the value of saffron. 
And the Art of blending spices 

332
00:16:58,900 --> 00:17:01,600
to elevate ordinary meals into 
coloring masterpieces. 

333
00:17:01,600 --> 00:17:05,500
They created preservation 
techniques shipping methods and 

334
00:17:05,500 --> 00:17:08,099
quality grading systems that 
remain in use to day. 

335
00:17:09,099 --> 00:17:11,900
An ottoman spice Merchants could
track a products from a village 

336
00:17:11,907 --> 00:17:13,599
in India, to a kitchen in 
Prague. 

337
00:17:13,599 --> 00:17:16,900
So passing the capabilities of 
modern Supply Chain management 

338
00:17:17,900 --> 00:17:20,599
the jewelry business was 
practically a female Monopoly 

339
00:17:20,599 --> 00:17:24,599
and for good reason, Ottoman. 
Women understood gems, not just 

340
00:17:24,599 --> 00:17:27,800
as decorative objects, but as 
portable wealth, investment 

341
00:17:27,800 --> 00:17:31,100
vehicles and insurance policies 
all rolled into one sparkly 

342
00:17:31,100 --> 00:17:33,400
package. 
They could appraise a ruby 

343
00:17:33,400 --> 00:17:36,500
faster than modern gemologists 
create demand for specific 

344
00:17:36,500 --> 00:17:40,100
Stones through strategic wearing
at social events and time their 

345
00:17:40,100 --> 00:17:43,300
sales to Market fluctuations 
with an accuracy that would 

346
00:17:43,300 --> 00:17:45,000
impress. 
Any modern day trader. 

347
00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:48,100
What's truly remarkable is how 
these women balance their 

348
00:17:48,100 --> 00:17:50,500
business Empires with their 
family responsibilities. 

349
00:17:50,500 --> 00:17:54,000
Imagine managing import export 
operations across three, 

350
00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:57,200
continents in your daughter's 
wedding is adorned with the 

351
00:17:57,200 --> 00:18:00,400
finest Linens, your son's 
education incorporates, the 

352
00:18:00,400 --> 00:18:03,700
latest mathematical Concepts and
your household functions 

353
00:18:03,700 --> 00:18:06,200
smoothly enough to host 
diplomatic dinners on short 

354
00:18:06,200 --> 00:18:08,600
notice. 
These women were the original 

355
00:18:08,600 --> 00:18:11,600
multitaskers juggling 
responsibilities that would 

356
00:18:11,600 --> 00:18:13,600
overwhelm most modern 
Executives. 

357
00:18:13,600 --> 00:18:16,800
These business women's 
networking capabilities surpass.

358
00:18:16,800 --> 00:18:20,100
Those of modern professional 
organizations, they maintained 

359
00:18:20,100 --> 00:18:22,600
correspondence with female 
Merchants from Morocco to 

360
00:18:22,600 --> 00:18:25,800
Malaysia sharing Market 
intelligence warning. 

361
00:18:25,800 --> 00:18:28,700
Each other about dishonest 
dealers and coordinating prices 

362
00:18:28,700 --> 00:18:32,600
to maintain profitable margins. 
They had created an informal 

363
00:18:32,600 --> 00:18:34,700
International Chamber of 
Commerce centuries. 

364
00:18:34,700 --> 00:18:37,300
Before anyone thought to 
formalize such organizations. 

365
00:18:37,300 --> 00:18:41,300
Many of these women also became 
incredible philanthropists using

366
00:18:41,300 --> 00:18:44,600
their wealth to fund Public 
Works projects that benefited 

367
00:18:44,600 --> 00:18:47,500
entire communities. 
They built fountains that 

368
00:18:47,500 --> 00:18:51,200
provided free water to Travelers
established karavan, Sarai that 

369
00:18:51,200 --> 00:18:53,900
offered safe lodging for 
merchants and funded schools 

370
00:18:53,900 --> 00:18:56,100
that educated children, 
regardless of their families 

371
00:18:56,100 --> 00:18:59,500
ability to pay They understood 
that successful business, 

372
00:18:59,500 --> 00:19:02,800
required Healthy Communities, a 
concept that modern Corporate 

373
00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:05,200
social responsibility. 
Programs are just beginning to 

374
00:19:05,200 --> 00:19:07,900
ReDiscover. 
The ottoman system of private 

375
00:19:07,900 --> 00:19:10,400
property rights for women was 
revolutionary for its time. 

376
00:19:10,400 --> 00:19:14,000
Women could own businesses 
outright inherit commercial 

377
00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:17,000
properties, and pass their 
Enterprise's to their daughters 

378
00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:21,400
without male interference. 
This created dynasties of 

379
00:19:21,400 --> 00:19:24,600
female, entrepreneurs that 
spammed, generation's with 

380
00:19:24,600 --> 00:19:27,200
business knowledge and Trade 
Secrets passed down through 

381
00:19:27,200 --> 00:19:29,200
maternal lines like family 
recipes. 

382
00:19:29,200 --> 00:19:33,100
Most importantly, these women 
proved that Commerce and culture

383
00:19:33,100 --> 00:19:36,700
were not separate spheres. 
They were patron of the Arts who

384
00:19:36,700 --> 00:19:39,100
commissioned beautiful objects 
that were all, so functional 

385
00:19:39,100 --> 00:19:41,800
trade goods. 
They understood that beauty and 

386
00:19:41,800 --> 00:19:45,300
practicality could co-exist the 
successful business could 

387
00:19:45,300 --> 00:19:48,700
support cultural advancement and
that profit and principal won't 

388
00:19:48,700 --> 00:19:51,700
reach exclusive. 
So as your settling in for the 

389
00:19:51,700 --> 00:19:54,000
night, take a moment to 
appreciate these forgotten, 

390
00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:57,100
pioneers of international 
Commerce, They were building 

391
00:19:57,100 --> 00:20:00,400
Global businesses while wearing 
fabulous clothes, maintaining 

392
00:20:00,400 --> 00:20:02,300
loving families, and 
contributing to their 

393
00:20:02,300 --> 00:20:05,300
communities, all without a 
single PowerPoint presentation 

394
00:20:05,300 --> 00:20:09,000
or quarterly earnings call. 
Now that's what I call work-life

395
00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:11,300
balance. 
Let's dim the light a little and

396
00:20:11,300 --> 00:20:14,600
settle into the literary salons 
and artistic workshops where 

397
00:20:14,600 --> 00:20:17,000
ottoman women were quietly. 
Creating some of the most 

398
00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:21,100
beautiful and influential Works 
in Islamic civilization, pour 

399
00:20:21,100 --> 00:20:23,800
yourself another cup of tea. 
Because we're about to meet some

400
00:20:23,800 --> 00:20:26,800
women who wielded brushes and 
pens like other people wielded 

401
00:20:26,800 --> 00:20:29,500
swords. 
Imagine walking into a room 

402
00:20:29,500 --> 00:20:33,600
where poetry flows like wine 
where mathematical equations are

403
00:20:33,600 --> 00:20:36,600
discussed with the same passion 
as love Sonic's and where the 

404
00:20:36,600 --> 00:20:39,700
latest architectural plans are 
debated alongside philosophical 

405
00:20:39,700 --> 00:20:42,400
Treasures. 
This wasn't some fantasy 

406
00:20:42,400 --> 00:20:45,500
literary Society. 
This was just used a evening in 

407
00:20:45,500 --> 00:20:48,400
the household of any educated. 
Ottoman woman worth her 

408
00:20:48,400 --> 00:20:51,700
embroidered, silk take Mary 
Houghton a 15th century poet, 

409
00:20:51,700 --> 00:20:54,600
who wrote verses, so beautiful 
that they're still quoted in 

410
00:20:54,600 --> 00:20:56,000
Turkish literature classes 
today. 

411
00:20:56,000 --> 00:20:59,500
However, it's important to note 
that she wasn't limited to 

412
00:20:59,500 --> 00:21:01,600
writing about flowers and 
unrequited love. 

413
00:21:01,600 --> 00:21:03,600
Unlike a European 
contemporaries. 

414
00:21:04,700 --> 00:21:08,000
She wrote sharp witty, social 
commentary that could slice 

415
00:21:08,000 --> 00:21:10,500
through pretension like a Welsh 
and simat. 

416
00:21:11,300 --> 00:21:14,600
The Poetry was so influential 
that it shaped literary 

417
00:21:14,600 --> 00:21:17,500
movements across the ottoman 
territories and her love poems, 

418
00:21:17,500 --> 00:21:20,200
were so steamy they probably 
made the sensors blush. 

419
00:21:21,000 --> 00:21:22,600
But poetry was just the 
beginning. 

420
00:21:23,400 --> 00:21:26,100
Ottoman women were accomplished 
calligraphers at a time when 

421
00:21:26,100 --> 00:21:28,300
beautiful handwriting was 
considered. 

422
00:21:28,300 --> 00:21:31,900
One of the highest art forms. 
They didn't just copy texts. 

423
00:21:31,900 --> 00:21:35,000
They transformed them into 
visual masterpieces, where the 

424
00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:37,100
words themselves became 
decorative elements. 

425
00:21:37,900 --> 00:21:40,400
A single page of their work 
could take months to complete 

426
00:21:40,400 --> 00:21:43,000
with each letter. 
Carefully crafted to create 

427
00:21:43,000 --> 00:21:45,900
patterns that were both readable
and breathtakingly beautiful. 

428
00:21:47,100 --> 00:21:49,500
The manuscripts, these women 
illuminated weren't just lovely 

429
00:21:49,500 --> 00:21:51,200
books. 
They were the Medieval 

430
00:21:51,200 --> 00:21:52,900
equivalent of multi-media 
presentations. 

431
00:21:52,900 --> 00:21:57,700
They combined text illustration,
decorative elements, and 

432
00:21:57,700 --> 00:22:00,900
sometimes even mathematical, 
diagrams into cohesive works of 

433
00:22:00,900 --> 00:22:03,300
art. 
He's women were essentially 

434
00:22:03,300 --> 00:22:06,800
graphic designers working with 
gold leaf and crushed gemstones 

435
00:22:06,800 --> 00:22:09,800
instead of Photoshop and their 
Creations have survived 

436
00:22:09,800 --> 00:22:12,900
centuries. 
While most digital art from 20 

437
00:22:12,900 --> 00:22:16,100
years ago, is already obsolete. 
Music was another realm where 

438
00:22:16,100 --> 00:22:19,100
ottoman excelled though? 
They face the Intriguing 

439
00:22:19,100 --> 00:22:21,700
challenge of performing in a 
culture that valued privacy. 

440
00:22:22,400 --> 00:22:25,100
So what did they do? 
They created intimate musical 

441
00:22:25,100 --> 00:22:28,600
Traditions that flourished in 
private spaces, the composed 

442
00:22:28,600 --> 00:22:31,900
pieces, specifically for small, 
Gatherings developed, new 

443
00:22:31,900 --> 00:22:35,300
instrumental techniques suited 
to domestic settings and passed 

444
00:22:35,300 --> 00:22:38,000
down musical, knowledge through 
female-only networks. 

445
00:22:38,000 --> 00:22:39,800
That preserve traditions for 
centuries. 

446
00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:43,600
The mathematical achievements of
Ottoman women are particularly 

447
00:22:43,600 --> 00:22:46,600
impressive, mainly because 
nobody expected them to be 

448
00:22:46,600 --> 00:22:49,600
interested in numbers. 
These women, studied astronomy, 

449
00:22:49,600 --> 00:22:51,500
not just for intellectual 
curiosity. 

450
00:22:51,500 --> 00:22:55,100
But, because understanding 
Celestial movements was crucial 

451
00:22:55,100 --> 00:22:59,100
for everything from agricultural
planning to navigation, Some 

452
00:22:59,100 --> 00:23:01,600
became skilled enough to 
calculate prayer times for their

453
00:23:01,600 --> 00:23:05,600
entire regions, create accurate 
calendars, and even predicted 

454
00:23:05,600 --> 00:23:08,700
Clips as with remarkable 
Precision, despite the apparent 

455
00:23:08,700 --> 00:23:11,800
male, dominance in the field of 
architecture, ottoman, women 

456
00:23:11,800 --> 00:23:13,800
were responsible for 
commissioning and designing 

457
00:23:13,800 --> 00:23:15,900
buildings that continue to 
astonish today. 

458
00:23:15,900 --> 00:23:19,300
They didn't just hire 
Architects, and say, make it 

459
00:23:19,300 --> 00:23:21,700
pretty. 
They were intimately involved in

460
00:23:21,700 --> 00:23:24,900
every detail from the 
mathematical proportions that 

461
00:23:24,900 --> 00:23:27,600
created perfect. 
Acoustics to the decorative 

462
00:23:27,600 --> 00:23:29,800
programs that told complex 
symbolic stories. 

463
00:23:30,800 --> 00:23:33,900
The Miramar, Sultan mosque in 
Istanbul, for example, was 

464
00:23:33,900 --> 00:23:36,600
designed to align with the Sun. 
So that on the anniversary of 

465
00:23:36,600 --> 00:23:39,700
The Sultans birth, daylight 
would illuminate the interior in

466
00:23:39,700 --> 00:23:42,900
a specific. 
That's not just architecture. 

467
00:23:42,900 --> 00:23:46,000
That's poetry written in stone 
and sunlight. 

468
00:23:47,000 --> 00:23:50,100
The textile Arts reached levels 
of sophistication under ottoman 

469
00:23:50,100 --> 00:23:52,700
women, that modern factories 
still struggle to match. 

470
00:23:53,400 --> 00:23:56,200
They developed weaving 
techniques that created Fabrics.

471
00:23:56,200 --> 00:23:59,100
So fine, they seem to float 
dying methods. 

472
00:23:59,100 --> 00:24:01,900
That produced colors of 
impossible, vibrancy and 

473
00:24:01,900 --> 00:24:05,100
embroidery patterns so complex. 
They required mathematical 

474
00:24:05,100 --> 00:24:06,800
understanding to execute 
properly. 

475
00:24:07,700 --> 00:24:11,300
A single ottoman Court kaftan, 
might contain more artistic and 

476
00:24:11,300 --> 00:24:14,500
Technical Innovation than most 
Contemporary Art installations. 

477
00:24:15,400 --> 00:24:18,800
Perhaps most remarkably, these 
women understood that art and 

478
00:24:18,800 --> 00:24:20,600
learning weren't separate from 
daily life. 

479
00:24:20,600 --> 00:24:24,000
They were integral to it, they 
taught their children to 

480
00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:27,200
appreciate Beauty alongside 
practical skills. 

481
00:24:27,200 --> 00:24:30,900
Integrated artistic elements 
into everyday objects and 

482
00:24:30,900 --> 00:24:33,700
created environments where 
creativity, and intellectual 

483
00:24:33,700 --> 00:24:37,500
curiosity were simply part of 
the family culture, the 

484
00:24:37,500 --> 00:24:39,400
library's, these women 
established weren't just 

485
00:24:39,400 --> 00:24:42,100
collections of books. 
They were community centers 

486
00:24:42,100 --> 00:24:44,200
where knowledge was shared 
across social boundaries. 

487
00:24:44,200 --> 00:24:47,800
They founded copying projects 
that preserved ancient texts 

488
00:24:47,800 --> 00:24:51,900
sponsored translations that made
foreign knowledge accessible and

489
00:24:51,900 --> 00:24:54,600
maintained correspondence with 
Scholars across the known world.

490
00:24:55,900 --> 00:24:58,300
They were essentially running 
early versions of research 

491
00:24:58,300 --> 00:25:02,100
universities, except with better
food, and more comfortable 

492
00:25:02,100 --> 00:25:04,900
seating. 
Many of these women also became 

493
00:25:04,900 --> 00:25:07,700
accomplished Physicians, 
combining traditional knowledge 

494
00:25:07,700 --> 00:25:11,300
with new medical discoveries. 
They maintain detailed records 

495
00:25:11,300 --> 00:25:14,600
of their treatments developed 
new remedies and trained other 

496
00:25:14,600 --> 00:25:17,500
women in Medical Arts. 
Some specialized in women's 

497
00:25:17,500 --> 00:25:21,200
health, others in Pediatrics. 
And a few became renowned for 

498
00:25:21,200 --> 00:25:24,300
their surgical skills. 
They understood that healing was

499
00:25:24,300 --> 00:25:27,500
both an art and to science. 
Requiring, not just technical 

500
00:25:27,500 --> 00:25:30,600
knowledge, but also intuitive 
understanding of human nature. 

501
00:25:31,500 --> 00:25:34,200
What strikes me most about these
Ottoman and women artists and 

502
00:25:34,200 --> 00:25:37,600
Scholars is their confidence, 
they didn't apologize for their 

503
00:25:37,600 --> 00:25:39,500
intelligence or hide their 
accomplishments. 

504
00:25:39,500 --> 00:25:44,100
They signed their Works engaged 
in public debates and claimed 

505
00:25:44,100 --> 00:25:46,700
their place in intellectual 
Traditions with the kind of bold

506
00:25:46,700 --> 00:25:49,200
assurance that modern women are 
still fighting to achieve. 

507
00:25:50,100 --> 00:25:53,300
So tonight as you're drifting 
towards sleep, remember these 

508
00:25:53,300 --> 00:25:56,200
women who understood the beauty 
and knowledge were not luxuries,

509
00:25:56,200 --> 00:26:00,000
but Necessities that creativity 
and intellect could flourish 

510
00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:02,000
together. 
And that the most lasting 

511
00:26:02,000 --> 00:26:05,700
revolutions are often fought 
with brushes pens and the 

512
00:26:05,700 --> 00:26:08,700
radical Act of refusing to be 
anything less than brilliant. 

513
00:26:08,700 --> 00:26:12,300
Now, recline comfortably as we 
delve into the ways, ottoman 

514
00:26:12,300 --> 00:26:16,200
women transform their religious 
devotion into a potent Force for

515
00:26:16,200 --> 00:26:19,500
social transformation, fostering
communities, and providing 

516
00:26:19,500 --> 00:26:21,700
support to the vulnerable with a
refinement. 

517
00:26:21,700 --> 00:26:23,900
That would impress any 
contemporary nonprofit 

518
00:26:23,900 --> 00:26:26,600
organization. 
These women, understood that 

519
00:26:26,600 --> 00:26:29,500
faith without action was like 
tea without warmth. 

520
00:26:30,100 --> 00:26:33,300
Technically still tea but 
missing the whole point. 

521
00:26:34,500 --> 00:26:37,900
The concept of charitable giving
in Islamic tradition, provided 

522
00:26:37,900 --> 00:26:41,000
ottoman, women with the unique 
opportunity to exercise public 

523
00:26:41,000 --> 00:26:43,800
influence while maintaining 
their religious and social 

524
00:26:43,800 --> 00:26:46,900
standing, they took this 
opportunity and ran with it. 

525
00:26:46,900 --> 00:26:50,200
Like marathon runners who happen
to be carrying purses full of 

526
00:26:50,208 --> 00:26:53,000
gold coins. 
The scale of their charitable. 

527
00:26:53,000 --> 00:26:56,100
Works was staggering the talking
about social programs that 

528
00:26:56,100 --> 00:26:58,200
supported entire communities for
Generations. 

529
00:26:58,200 --> 00:27:03,000
Consider gulshan Sultan who in 
the early 18th century 

530
00:27:03,000 --> 00:27:04,600
established. 
One of the most comprehensive 

531
00:27:04,600 --> 00:27:06,900
charitable foundations in 
ottoman history. 

532
00:27:07,700 --> 00:27:12,400
Herculean, a charitable complex 
included, a mosque, a school, a 

533
00:27:12,400 --> 00:27:16,100
hospital, a caravan serai for 
travelers kitchens for the poor 

534
00:27:16,100 --> 00:27:19,700
and workshops for artisans. 
It was basically a One-Stop 

535
00:27:19,700 --> 00:27:22,700
Social Services Center that 
provided everything from 

536
00:27:22,700 --> 00:27:26,300
emergency medical care to job. 
Training all funded and managed 

537
00:27:26,300 --> 00:27:28,700
by one. 
Remarkably organized woman who 

538
00:27:28,700 --> 00:27:30,300
apparently never met a social 
problem. 

539
00:27:30,300 --> 00:27:32,900
She couldn't solve with careful 
planning and generous funding. 

540
00:27:33,800 --> 00:27:36,600
The hospital system, these women
developed was revolutionary for 

541
00:27:36,600 --> 00:27:39,900
its time, these women were not 
merely constructing a place for 

542
00:27:39,900 --> 00:27:41,900
the sick to lie down and hope 
for Recovery. 

543
00:27:41,900 --> 00:27:45,500
Instead, they were establishing 
medical institutions equipped 

544
00:27:45,500 --> 00:27:49,000
with specialized departments 
skilled star, and Cutting Edge 

545
00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:51,800
treatment methods. 
Some of these hospitals had 

546
00:27:51,800 --> 00:27:54,800
separate wings for different. 
Ailments libraries for medical 

547
00:27:54,800 --> 00:27:57,300
research and even music therapy 
programs. 

548
00:27:57,300 --> 00:27:59,900
Because these women understood 
that healing involved more than 

549
00:27:59,900 --> 00:28:02,500
just physical treatment. 
But here's what's really 

550
00:28:02,500 --> 00:28:05,800
impressive, the financial 
management systems they created 

551
00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:07,700
to sustain these charitable 
works. 

552
00:28:08,500 --> 00:28:10,100
These work just one time 
donations. 

553
00:28:10,100 --> 00:28:13,900
They were in designed to 
generate income in perpetuity 

554
00:28:14,600 --> 00:28:17,400
These women were essentially 
creating sustainable funding 

555
00:28:17,400 --> 00:28:20,600
models for social programs. 
Complete with Diversified 

556
00:28:20,600 --> 00:28:23,200
investment portfolios, 
Professional Management 

557
00:28:23,200 --> 00:28:26,200
structures and accountability. 
Measures that ensure their 

558
00:28:26,200 --> 00:28:29,200
charitable intentions will be 
carried out long after they were

559
00:28:29,208 --> 00:28:31,700
gone, the educational 
institutions. 

560
00:28:31,700 --> 00:28:34,800
They founded were particularly 
groundbreaking while Europe was 

561
00:28:34,800 --> 00:28:36,600
still debating. 
Whether women should learn to 

562
00:28:36,600 --> 00:28:39,600
read ottoman women were 
establishing schools that taught

563
00:28:39,600 --> 00:28:43,600
everything from basic literacy, 
to advanced mathematics, often 

564
00:28:43,600 --> 00:28:45,700
to students regardless of their 
ability to pay. 

565
00:28:46,600 --> 00:28:49,400
They understood that education 
was the most effective form of 

566
00:28:49,400 --> 00:28:52,100
Charity because it gave people 
tools to improve their 

567
00:28:52,100 --> 00:28:54,600
circumstances rather than just 
temporary relief. 

568
00:28:55,500 --> 00:28:58,000
Many of these charitable 
foundations, specifically 

569
00:28:58,000 --> 00:29:00,000
focused on supporting other 
women and children. 

570
00:29:00,000 --> 00:29:04,000
They provided dowries, for 
orphaned girls, job, training 

571
00:29:04,000 --> 00:29:07,500
for widows child care for 
working mothers and safe, 

572
00:29:07,500 --> 00:29:10,600
shelter for women, fleeing 
difficult situations, they 

573
00:29:10,600 --> 00:29:13,500
created support networks, that 
function like early version of 

574
00:29:13,500 --> 00:29:16,300
social safety nets. 
Accept these were funded by 

575
00:29:16,300 --> 00:29:19,100
voluntary contributions and 
managed by people who actually 

576
00:29:19,100 --> 00:29:20,800
understood the needs of their 
communities. 

577
00:29:20,800 --> 00:29:24,300
The soup kitchens called 
Emirates that these women 

578
00:29:24,300 --> 00:29:27,200
established weren't just places 
where hungry people could get a 

579
00:29:27,200 --> 00:29:29,600
meal. 
They were community centers that

580
00:29:29,600 --> 00:29:32,900
served hot food to anyone who 
showed up regardless of their 

581
00:29:32,900 --> 00:29:37,400
religion, ethnicity or social 
status, some served thousands of

582
00:29:37,400 --> 00:29:40,900
meals daily with menus that 
varied according to season and 

583
00:29:40,900 --> 00:29:44,600
availability these women 
understood that dignity was, as 

584
00:29:44,600 --> 00:29:47,600
important as nutrition. 
So they created spaces that 

585
00:29:47,600 --> 00:29:50,000
treated every visitor with 
respect and care. 

586
00:29:50,800 --> 00:29:54,000
The Public Works projects funded
by ottoman, women's charitable 

587
00:29:54,000 --> 00:29:56,200
foundations transformed entire 
cities. 

588
00:29:56,200 --> 00:29:59,100
They built fountains that 
provided clean water to 

589
00:29:59,100 --> 00:30:02,600
neighborhoods, bridges, that 
connected communities roads, 

590
00:30:02,600 --> 00:30:05,800
that facilitated trade and 
public baths that promoted 

591
00:30:05,800 --> 00:30:08,700
health and hygiene. 
They understood that individual 

592
00:30:08,700 --> 00:30:11,600
charity was important, but 
systemic improvements could 

593
00:30:11,600 --> 00:30:13,300
benefit everyone for 
Generations. 

594
00:30:14,300 --> 00:30:17,400
What's particularly remarkable 
is how these women balance their

595
00:30:17,400 --> 00:30:20,600
charitable works with their 
family responsibilities and 

596
00:30:20,600 --> 00:30:23,400
social obligations. 
They weren't choosing between 

597
00:30:23,400 --> 00:30:25,500
personal happiness and public 
service. 

598
00:30:25,500 --> 00:30:29,100
They were integrating both into 
lives that were remarkably full 

599
00:30:29,100 --> 00:30:31,600
and purposeful. 
They manage charitable 

600
00:30:31,600 --> 00:30:33,300
foundations. 
While raising children 

601
00:30:33,300 --> 00:30:36,900
maintained social relationships,
while overseeing construction 

602
00:30:36,900 --> 00:30:40,000
projects and fulfilled religious
obligations while 

603
00:30:40,000 --> 00:30:42,400
revolutionizing community 
supports systems. 

604
00:30:43,300 --> 00:30:45,900
The pilgrimage facilities, these
women established deserve 

605
00:30:45,900 --> 00:30:48,900
special mention. 
They built Caravans arrays 

606
00:30:48,900 --> 00:30:51,800
along, pilgrimage routes that 
provided free lodging meals and 

607
00:30:51,800 --> 00:30:54,100
medical care to Travelers making
the Hajj to Mecca. 

608
00:30:54,900 --> 00:30:57,800
These weren't just hostels. 
They were full-service Travel 

609
00:30:57,800 --> 00:31:00,800
Centers with Veterinary, Care 
for Animals, security, for 

610
00:31:00,800 --> 00:31:04,000
valuable goods and guides 
familiar with local conditions. 

611
00:31:04,800 --> 00:31:06,800
They understood that 
facilitating religious 

612
00:31:06,800 --> 00:31:08,900
obligations was itself, a form 
of worship. 

613
00:31:09,800 --> 00:31:12,300
Many of these women also became 
renowned for their personal 

614
00:31:12,300 --> 00:31:15,700
accessibility to people in. 
Need they maintained regular 

615
00:31:15,700 --> 00:31:19,100
audience's where anyone could 
petition for help advice or 

616
00:31:19,100 --> 00:31:22,900
intervention, They listen to 
family, dispute mediated 

617
00:31:22,900 --> 00:31:26,200
business, conflicts and provided
Counsel on everything from 

618
00:31:26,200 --> 00:31:28,200
marriage problems to Career 
decisions. 

619
00:31:29,000 --> 00:31:31,700
They were essentially serving as
informal social workers 

620
00:31:31,700 --> 00:31:35,600
therapists and career counselors
for their entire communities. 

621
00:31:37,100 --> 00:31:38,900
The Interfaith cooperation 
fostered. 

622
00:31:38,900 --> 00:31:41,600
By these charitable Works was 
remarkable for any era. 

623
00:31:42,500 --> 00:31:44,300
Ottoman. 
Women's Foundation served people

624
00:31:44,300 --> 00:31:47,600
of all religious, backgrounds 
employed staff from diverse 

625
00:31:47,600 --> 00:31:51,100
communities and created spaces, 
where different Traditions could

626
00:31:51,100 --> 00:31:54,700
coexist peacefully. 
They understood that effective, 

627
00:31:54,700 --> 00:31:58,300
charity required setting aside 
theological differences in favor

628
00:31:58,300 --> 00:32:02,200
of shared Humanity. 
Perhaps most importantly, these 

629
00:32:02,200 --> 00:32:04,700
women created models of 
leadership that emphasized 

630
00:32:04,700 --> 00:32:07,600
service rather than power 
collaboration rather than 

631
00:32:07,600 --> 00:32:11,000
competition and long-term 
Community benefit rather than 

632
00:32:11,000 --> 00:32:14,500
short-term personal gain. 
They proved that religious 

633
00:32:14,500 --> 00:32:17,600
devotion and social action could
work together to create positive

634
00:32:17,600 --> 00:32:19,500
change. 
That wealth came with 

635
00:32:19,500 --> 00:32:21,600
responsibilities, as well as 
Privileges. 

636
00:32:21,600 --> 00:32:24,500
And that the most lasting 
monuments are often the ones 

637
00:32:24,500 --> 00:32:26,400
that improve daily life for 
ordinary people. 

638
00:32:26,400 --> 00:32:29,800
So as you're preparing for sleep
tonight, take comfort in knowing

639
00:32:29,800 --> 00:32:33,200
that centuries ago, women were 
working tirelessly to create 

640
00:32:33,200 --> 00:32:36,900
communities where everyone had 
access to food, shelter, 

641
00:32:36,900 --> 00:32:40,600
education and medical care. 
They understood that Faith, 

642
00:32:40,600 --> 00:32:43,500
required action that privileged 
demanded service. 

643
00:32:43,500 --> 00:32:46,600
And that the best way to honor 
Divine blessings was to share 

644
00:32:46,600 --> 00:32:49,500
them generously with others as 
we reach the end of our journey 

645
00:32:49,500 --> 00:32:51,400
through the remarkable world of 
Ottoman. 

646
00:32:51,400 --> 00:32:54,800
Let's pull back the curtains on 
history is Grand estate stage 

647
00:32:54,800 --> 00:32:58,300
and see how these extraordinary,
women influenced, not just their

648
00:32:58,300 --> 00:33:02,800
own time but areas as well. 
Pour yourself one last cup of 

649
00:33:02,808 --> 00:33:06,300
that evening tea because their 
legacy is far more present in 

650
00:33:06,300 --> 00:33:07,900
our modern world than you might 
imagine. 

651
00:33:09,200 --> 00:33:12,200
The Diplomatic networks, these 
women created didn't disappear 

652
00:33:12,200 --> 00:33:15,800
when the Ottoman Empire ended, 
they evolved in to the informal 

653
00:33:15,800 --> 00:33:18,600
cultural exchanges that still 
connect Community is across 

654
00:33:18,600 --> 00:33:20,000
former ottoman territories 
today. 

655
00:33:21,100 --> 00:33:23,600
When you taste authentic, 
Turkish coffee in a Bosnian 

656
00:33:23,600 --> 00:33:28,200
Cafe, admire geometric patterns 
in Moroccan tile work or here. 

657
00:33:28,200 --> 00:33:31,500
Certain melodic structures in 
Greek folk music your 

658
00:33:31,500 --> 00:33:33,300
experiencing the lasting 
influence of women, who 

659
00:33:33,300 --> 00:33:36,400
understood that culture travels 
along relationship networks more

660
00:33:36,400 --> 00:33:39,000
effectively than through. 
Any official channels. 

661
00:33:39,000 --> 00:33:42,300
The business practices pioneered
by ottoman Merchants. 

662
00:33:42,300 --> 00:33:45,100
Women became foundational 
elements of international 

663
00:33:45,100 --> 00:33:49,000
Commerce, their understanding of
quality control customer service

664
00:33:49,000 --> 00:33:52,800
and Market diversification 
influence trading practices 

665
00:33:52,800 --> 00:33:56,100
across the Mediterranean and 
Beyond Some of the commercial 

666
00:33:56,100 --> 00:33:58,500
families, they established 
continued operating for 

667
00:33:58,500 --> 00:34:02,700
centuries adapting, to changing,
political circumstances are 

668
00:34:02,700 --> 00:34:05,500
maintaining the core principles 
of ethical, dealing and 

669
00:34:05,500 --> 00:34:07,500
Community investment. 
That, these women had 

670
00:34:07,500 --> 00:34:11,699
established Modern feminism owes
more to these ottoman than most 

671
00:34:11,699 --> 00:34:14,400
people realize, though, the 
connections aren't always 

672
00:34:14,400 --> 00:34:16,500
obvious. 
There are assumptions, that 

673
00:34:16,500 --> 00:34:19,199
women could own property 
management businesses influence 

674
00:34:19,199 --> 00:34:21,600
politics and contribute to 
intellectual life created 

675
00:34:21,600 --> 00:34:24,000
presidents. 
That later reformers could point

676
00:34:24,000 --> 00:34:27,800
to and argue for women's rights.
They proved that female 

677
00:34:27,800 --> 00:34:30,699
intelligence and capability 
weren't radical new Concepts. 

678
00:34:30,699 --> 00:34:33,500
They were historical realities 
that had been temporarily 

679
00:34:33,500 --> 00:34:36,100
forgotten rather than recently 
discovered. 

680
00:34:37,400 --> 00:34:40,600
The educational institutions, 
they founded evolved into some 

681
00:34:40,600 --> 00:34:43,600
of the most prestigious schools 
and universities in the modern 

682
00:34:43,600 --> 00:34:45,900
Middle East and Balkans the 
libraries. 

683
00:34:45,900 --> 00:34:48,800
They established safeguarded 
manuscripts and knowledge that 

684
00:34:48,800 --> 00:34:52,199
the political upheavals of the 
19th and 20th, centuries might 

685
00:34:52,199 --> 00:34:55,300
have otherwise erased Their 
understanding that education 

686
00:34:55,300 --> 00:34:58,900
should be accessible regardless 
of family background influenced 

687
00:34:58,900 --> 00:35:01,000
later educational reforms across
the region. 

688
00:35:01,800 --> 00:35:05,400
Perhaps, most importantly, these
women demonstrated that power 

689
00:35:05,400 --> 00:35:08,900
could be exercised with grace. 
That wealth could be managed 

690
00:35:08,900 --> 00:35:11,600
with generosity and that 
influence could be used for 

691
00:35:11,600 --> 00:35:13,800
Community benefit rather than 
personal Grande. 

692
00:35:15,300 --> 00:35:18,100
In an era, when political 
leadership, often seems divorced

693
00:35:18,100 --> 00:35:21,200
from moral consideration, there 
are example of combining 

694
00:35:21,200 --> 00:35:22,700
Authority with the 
responsibility. 

695
00:35:22,700 --> 00:35:25,900
Feels remarkably relevant. 
The architectural Legacy is 

696
00:35:25,900 --> 00:35:28,500
impossible to ignore. 
Building's commissioned by 

697
00:35:28,500 --> 00:35:31,200
ottoman, still dominates, 
skylines from Istanbul to 

698
00:35:31,208 --> 00:35:34,800
Damascus, elegant domes and 
graceful, minarets, serving as 

699
00:35:34,808 --> 00:35:38,200
daily reminders, that beauty and
function can co-exist perfectly.

700
00:35:39,400 --> 00:35:42,300
Modern Architects, still study 
their use of light space and 

701
00:35:42,300 --> 00:35:44,600
proportion. 
Finding inspiration in design 

702
00:35:44,600 --> 00:35:47,600
principles developed by women. 
Who understood that building 

703
00:35:47,600 --> 00:35:50,400
should nurture the human Spirit 
as well as serve practical 

704
00:35:50,400 --> 00:35:52,800
needs. 
The charitable foundations, they

705
00:35:52,800 --> 00:35:55,700
established created models that 
influenced later development of 

706
00:35:55,700 --> 00:35:58,500
Social Services throughout the 
former ottoman territories. 

707
00:35:58,500 --> 00:36:01,900
Their understanding that 
effective charity, required 

708
00:36:01,900 --> 00:36:04,800
sustainable funding professional
management and Community input 

709
00:36:04,800 --> 00:36:09,200
helped shape modern approaches 
to non-profit organizations Some

710
00:36:09,200 --> 00:36:11,600
of their original foundations 
are still operating today. 

711
00:36:11,600 --> 00:36:15,500
Nearly half a millennium after 
their establishment, a testament

712
00:36:15,500 --> 00:36:17,000
to the foresight of their 
Founders. 

713
00:36:17,000 --> 00:36:20,900
What most profoundly impresses 
me about these women is their 

714
00:36:20,900 --> 00:36:23,500
ability to be both contemporary 
and innovative. 

715
00:36:24,300 --> 00:36:26,700
They worked within the 
constraints and opportunities of

716
00:36:26,700 --> 00:36:29,600
their historical moment while 
consistently pushing boundaries 

717
00:36:29,600 --> 00:36:33,200
and expanding possibilities. 
They understood that change, 

718
00:36:33,200 --> 00:36:36,000
often happens, gradually through
the accumulation of small 

719
00:36:36,000 --> 00:36:39,000
Innovations, and incremental 
expansions of what, considered 

720
00:36:39,000 --> 00:36:42,200
normal or acceptable there are 
approached, a problem solving 

721
00:36:42,200 --> 00:36:45,400
remains remarkably relevant. 
They combined practical 

722
00:36:45,400 --> 00:36:48,200
intelligence with creative 
thinking used available 

723
00:36:48,200 --> 00:36:51,400
resources efficiently while 
maintaining high standards, an 

724
00:36:51,400 --> 00:36:52,900
understood that lasting 
Solutions. 

725
00:36:52,900 --> 00:36:55,800
Usually required building 
consensus rather than imposing 

726
00:36:55,800 --> 00:36:59,100
change through fourths, they 
were natural systems thinkers, 

727
00:36:59,100 --> 00:37:01,900
who could seek connections and 
long-term consequences that 

728
00:37:01,900 --> 00:37:04,500
others missed The cultural 
synthesis. 

729
00:37:04,500 --> 00:37:07,800
They fostered blending 
influences from a Empire while 

730
00:37:07,800 --> 00:37:10,000
maintaining distinctive local 
characteristics. 

731
00:37:10,000 --> 00:37:13,100
Offers lessons for our 
increasingly connected, but 

732
00:37:13,100 --> 00:37:16,500
culturally anxious world. 
Proved that diversity, could be 

733
00:37:16,508 --> 00:37:19,300
a source of strength rather than
division that different 

734
00:37:19,300 --> 00:37:21,400
Traditions could enrich each 
other without losing their 

735
00:37:21,400 --> 00:37:25,100
essential characteristics and 
that Cosmopolitan sophistication

736
00:37:25,100 --> 00:37:27,200
could co-exist with deep local 
roots. 

737
00:37:28,000 --> 00:37:31,400
Perhaps most encouragingly these
women remind us that individual 

738
00:37:31,400 --> 00:37:34,000
action can have far-reaching 
historical consequences. 

739
00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:37,800
They didn't wait for permission 
to build hospitals establish 

740
00:37:37,800 --> 00:37:42,300
schools or create businesses. 
They identified needs developed 

741
00:37:42,300 --> 00:37:45,100
Solutions and implemented 
changes using what ever 

742
00:37:45,100 --> 00:37:48,800
resources and Authority they 
could access They understood 

743
00:37:48,800 --> 00:37:51,600
that history is made by people 
who decide to act rather than 

744
00:37:51,600 --> 00:37:54,500
wait for ideal circumstances. 
Their lives. 

745
00:37:54,500 --> 00:37:56,700
Also demonstrate, that 
fulfillment comes from using 

746
00:37:56,700 --> 00:37:58,000
whatever talents and 
opportunities. 

747
00:37:58,000 --> 00:38:01,400
You have to contribute something
meaningful to the world around 

748
00:38:01,400 --> 00:38:03,300
you. 
Whether they were writing, 

749
00:38:03,300 --> 00:38:06,800
poetry managing, trade networks 
designing buildings or caring 

750
00:38:06,800 --> 00:38:09,700
for the sick, they approach 
their work with dedication 

751
00:38:09,700 --> 00:38:13,000
intelligence and a deep sense of
purpose that made their 

752
00:38:13,000 --> 00:38:16,800
activities feel significant, 
rather than merely busy. so as 

753
00:38:16,800 --> 00:38:19,400
you're drifting off to sleep 
tonight, carry with you, the 

754
00:38:19,400 --> 00:38:22,800
knowledge that centuries ago, 
women were living fully realized

755
00:38:22,800 --> 00:38:27,100
lives, building businesses, 
creating art shaping politics 

756
00:38:27,100 --> 00:38:30,600
and caring for their communities
with a confidence and competence

757
00:38:30,600 --> 00:38:34,200
that still inspires They face 
different challenges than we do,

758
00:38:34,200 --> 00:38:37,900
but their fundamental approach 
to life, combining ambition, 

759
00:38:37,900 --> 00:38:41,200
with compassion intelligence, 
with wisdom and personal 

760
00:38:41,200 --> 00:38:44,600
fulfillment with social 
contribution remains as relevant

761
00:38:44,600 --> 00:38:47,500
today. 
As it was 500 years ago, their 

762
00:38:47,500 --> 00:38:51,700
legacy Whispers that you too can
live boldly think creatively and

763
00:38:51,700 --> 00:38:55,100
leave the world a little better 
than you found it. and really, 

764
00:38:55,900 --> 00:38:58,700
What better thought could there 
be to carry into your dreams 

765
00:38:58,700 --> 00:38:59,800
than that? 
Timeless. 

766
00:38:59,800 --> 00:39:02,500
Remind her that extraordinary 
lives are built from ordinary 

767
00:39:02,500 --> 00:39:05,500
days. 
Lived, with purpose Grace, just 

768
00:39:05,500 --> 00:39:08,200
enough for dacit to believe that
changes always possible. 

769
00:39:11,500 --> 00:39:14,500
Just like that, the curtain 
closes on stories. 

770
00:39:14,500 --> 00:39:18,000
Once kept in Shadow. 
If your thoughts linger entitled

771
00:39:18,000 --> 00:39:21,500
Courtyards and whispered Halls, 
that's more than understandable.

772
00:39:21,500 --> 00:39:24,800
If this story didn't bring you 
to Stillness, there are always 

773
00:39:24,800 --> 00:39:27,500
more stories to hear both old 
and new. 

774
00:39:28,500 --> 00:39:32,000
But tonight we leave the Harem 
doors ajar and let the voices of

775
00:39:32,000 --> 00:39:33,900
the past rest. 
Sleep. 

776
00:39:33,900 --> 00:39:37,600
Well my beloved listeners and as
always good night. 

777
00:39:50,000 --> 00:39:53,600
oh yes, we're taking a gentle 
Journey Through Time back to a 

778
00:39:53,600 --> 00:39:55,900
place where Empires were built 
not by committees or 

779
00:39:55,900 --> 00:39:59,600
corporations but by dreamers who
started with nothing more than a

780
00:39:59,600 --> 00:40:04,200
vision and a lot of stubborn 
determination Our Story begins 

781
00:40:04,200 --> 00:40:06,400
in the hills of Anatolia in. 
What's now? 

782
00:40:06,408 --> 00:40:11,000
Turkey around 1299 You know how 
sometimes the most extraordinary

783
00:40:11,000 --> 00:40:13,000
things start in the most 
ordinary places? 

784
00:40:13,000 --> 00:40:16,900
Well, this is one of those 
stories, there was a man named 

785
00:40:16,900 --> 00:40:21,200
Osman and yes, that's where 
ottoman comes from though. 

786
00:40:21,200 --> 00:40:23,700
It got a bit Lost in Translation
over the centuries like a game 

787
00:40:23,700 --> 00:40:25,400
of telephone played across 
continents. 

788
00:40:26,500 --> 00:40:29,800
Osman was essentially a tribal 
leader which in those days. 

789
00:40:29,800 --> 00:40:32,700
Was a bit like being the mayor 
of a tiny, very mobile Town. 

790
00:40:32,700 --> 00:40:36,400
His people were Nomads, moving 
their sheep and goats across the

791
00:40:36,400 --> 00:40:39,300
Rolling Hills living in tents, 
that could be packed up faster 

792
00:40:39,300 --> 00:40:40,900
than you could fold a fitted 
sheet. 

793
00:40:40,900 --> 00:40:45,800
The probably with considerably 
less swearing involved In those 

794
00:40:45,808 --> 00:40:49,200
days, the Byzantine Empire 
continued to plot along akin to 

795
00:40:49,208 --> 00:40:53,000
an ancient car that starts most 
mornings, but amidst unsettling 

796
00:40:53,000 --> 00:40:55,600
noises. 
When it turns a Bend, it had 

797
00:40:55,600 --> 00:40:59,000
been the mighty Eastern Roman 
Empire once but by Osmond's 

798
00:40:59,000 --> 00:41:01,100
time, it was more like a 
neighborhood watch committee 

799
00:41:01,100 --> 00:41:04,400
trying to patrol a city. 
The byzantines. 

800
00:41:04,400 --> 00:41:07,300
Controlled Constantinople and 
patches of territory here and 

801
00:41:07,300 --> 00:41:11,100
there, but there were gaps and 
Osmond being a practical man. 

802
00:41:11,100 --> 00:41:14,200
Noticed these gaps what made 
Osmond different from other 

803
00:41:14,200 --> 00:41:17,100
tribal leaders wasn't that he 
was particularly Fierce or 

804
00:41:17,100 --> 00:41:20,100
clever though? 
He was both, he was that he had 

805
00:41:20,100 --> 00:41:22,600
this knack for making people 
want to follow him. 

806
00:41:23,400 --> 00:41:26,100
You know, those people who just 
have that quality, they're not 

807
00:41:26,108 --> 00:41:28,900
necessarily the loudest in the 
room, but when they speak, 

808
00:41:28,900 --> 00:41:31,600
others, listen, Osman was one of
those. 

809
00:41:31,600 --> 00:41:35,500
He started small, as most great 
things do Osman. 

810
00:41:35,500 --> 00:41:39,000
Consistently treated, captured 
enemies with respect a rare and 

811
00:41:39,000 --> 00:41:41,700
noteworthy practice while other 
leaders were busy. 

812
00:41:41,700 --> 00:41:44,000
Making enemies. 
Osman was making allies. 

813
00:41:44,000 --> 00:41:47,600
He'd capture a bazan teen forth 
and then hire the presenting 

814
00:41:47,600 --> 00:41:50,500
soldiers to help him run it. 
It was like getting a promotion 

815
00:41:50,500 --> 00:41:54,100
during a hostile takeover. 
His son orhan can continue this 

816
00:41:54,100 --> 00:41:56,600
approach. 
Expanding their territory, bite 

817
00:41:56,600 --> 00:41:59,600
by bite, like someone 
methodically working their way 

818
00:41:59,600 --> 00:42:02,800
through a box of chocolates. 
Will hand figured out something 

819
00:42:02,808 --> 00:42:06,000
important if you want to build 
an Empire you need more than 

820
00:42:06,000 --> 00:42:08,300
just Warriors. 
You need administrators 

821
00:42:08,300 --> 00:42:11,800
Engineers teachers and people 
who know how to keep things 

822
00:42:11,800 --> 00:42:13,600
running when the exciting part 
is over. 

823
00:42:14,600 --> 00:42:17,100
So the Ottomans began their 
peculiar habit of adopting. 

824
00:42:17,100 --> 00:42:20,500
The best ideas from everyone. 
They encountered, they borrowed 

825
00:42:20,500 --> 00:42:23,700
military techniques from the 
bazan teens administrative 

826
00:42:23,700 --> 00:42:26,800
systems from the Persians and 
architectural style from the 

827
00:42:26,800 --> 00:42:28,800
Arabs. 
It was like being at a potluck 

828
00:42:28,800 --> 00:42:30,700
dinner where everyone brings 
their best dish. 

829
00:42:30,700 --> 00:42:34,200
Except instead of Castle roles 
people brought entire 

830
00:42:34,200 --> 00:42:37,900
civilizations by the time, 
Osmonds grandson Marauders came 

831
00:42:37,900 --> 00:42:39,700
along. 
The Ottomans had crossed into 

832
00:42:39,700 --> 00:42:42,700
Europe and buying the Balkans 
like a cat in a particularly 

833
00:42:42,700 --> 00:42:45,900
plump bird. 
Murad established the Janice 

834
00:42:45,900 --> 00:42:47,700
Aries. 
Elite soldiers who were 

835
00:42:47,708 --> 00:42:50,100
recruited as children and 
trained in the finest military 

836
00:42:50,100 --> 00:42:53,000
traditions. 
It sounds harsh by today's 

837
00:42:53,000 --> 00:42:56,300
standards, but these boys often 
ended up with better education 

838
00:42:56,300 --> 00:43:00,000
and more opportunities than they
would have had otherwise, Many 

839
00:43:00,000 --> 00:43:03,400
became poets Scholars and 
administrators not just 

840
00:43:03,400 --> 00:43:06,300
soldiers. 
The Ottomans were building 

841
00:43:06,300 --> 00:43:09,600
something unprecedented and 
multi-ethnic multi-religious, 

842
00:43:09,600 --> 00:43:11,200
Empire. 
That actually worked. 

843
00:43:11,900 --> 00:43:15,500
Christians, Muslims and Jews 
lived side by side each 

844
00:43:15,500 --> 00:43:17,100
contributing their skills and 
knowledge. 

845
00:43:17,900 --> 00:43:20,800
The Ottomans operated akin to a 
medieval version of the United 

846
00:43:20,800 --> 00:43:25,200
Nations but with a focus on 
effective governance by 1400 

847
00:43:25,200 --> 00:43:29,000
what had started as a small 
tribal Confederation had become 

848
00:43:29,000 --> 00:43:31,900
a regional power that made the 
remaining Byzantine territories 

849
00:43:31,900 --> 00:43:34,000
look like a few Islands in an 
ottoman sea. 

850
00:43:34,900 --> 00:43:37,800
The shepherd's dream was 
becoming reality one careful 

851
00:43:37,800 --> 00:43:40,100
step at a time. 
You know how some people are 

852
00:43:40,100 --> 00:43:41,700
just natural at everything. 
They try. 

853
00:43:41,700 --> 00:43:45,500
Well, if the early Ottomans were
good at Empire building, their 

854
00:43:45,500 --> 00:43:49,600
descendants were absolutely 
brilliant at it as our narrative

855
00:43:49,600 --> 00:43:52,900
unfolds, we encounter one of 
history's most captivating 

856
00:43:52,900 --> 00:43:56,500
figures mehmed the second who 
earned the moniker the conqueror

857
00:43:56,500 --> 00:43:57,800
through challenging 
circumstances. 

858
00:43:59,100 --> 00:44:03,000
Their Med became salted in 1451 
at the age of 19, which might 

859
00:44:03,000 --> 00:44:06,000
seem young until you consider 
that most 19 year olds today, 

860
00:44:06,000 --> 00:44:09,300
can barely conquer their 
laundry. this young man looked 

861
00:44:09,300 --> 00:44:12,900
at Constantinople the city that 
had stood on Concord for over 

862
00:44:12,900 --> 00:44:16,600
1,000 years and essentially 
said, hold my coffee 

863
00:44:18,100 --> 00:44:21,400
Constantinople was like the 
ultimate medieval Fortress, it 

864
00:44:21,400 --> 00:44:24,900
sat on a peninsula, surrounded 
by water, on three, sides, with 

865
00:44:24,900 --> 00:44:26,500
massive walls that had turned 
back. 

866
00:44:26,500 --> 00:44:30,600
Countless armies, The city 
controlled the Bosphorus the 

867
00:44:30,600 --> 00:44:33,700
narrow straight, connecting 
Europe and Asia, making it one 

868
00:44:33,700 --> 00:44:36,000
of the most strategically 
important locations in the 

869
00:44:36,000 --> 00:44:38,300
world. 
Taking it would be like winning 

870
00:44:38,300 --> 00:44:40,900
the lottery while simultaneously
solving world hunger. 

871
00:44:42,400 --> 00:44:46,600
The siege of Constantinople in 
1453 was a military operation 

872
00:44:46,600 --> 00:44:49,800
that would Inspire Envy in 
modern generals mehmed didn't 

873
00:44:49,808 --> 00:44:52,100
just attack the city he 
reimagined. 

874
00:44:52,100 --> 00:44:55,300
How seizures could work When his
ships couldn't get into the 

875
00:44:55,300 --> 00:44:57,700
Golden Horn, because the 
byzantines had stretched, a 

876
00:44:57,700 --> 00:44:58,900
massive chain across the 
entrance. 

877
00:44:58,900 --> 00:45:01,600
Their Med did something. 
So audacious, it sounds like 

878
00:45:01,600 --> 00:45:04,100
fiction. 
He had his men dragged, 70 

879
00:45:04,100 --> 00:45:07,300
ships, Overland across a hill 
and launched the, into the 

880
00:45:07,300 --> 00:45:11,100
harbor behind the chain. imagine
being a Byzantine Defender 

881
00:45:11,100 --> 00:45:14,700
looking out from your supposedly
impregnable position and seeing 

882
00:45:14,700 --> 00:45:18,300
enemy ships sailing where ships 
had no business being It was 

883
00:45:18,300 --> 00:45:20,700
like finding your neighbor's car
parked in your backyard. 

884
00:45:20,700 --> 00:45:23,500
The Ottomans also brought the 
biggest cannons. 

885
00:45:23,500 --> 00:45:28,000
Anyone had ever seen These were 
not your typical medieval CJ's. 

886
00:45:28,000 --> 00:45:31,000
These were massive bronze 
Monster's that could hurlstone 

887
00:45:31,000 --> 00:45:33,600
balls. 
The size of small cars, the 

888
00:45:33,600 --> 00:45:37,100
largest Canon required 60 Oxon 
for its transportation and 

889
00:45:37,100 --> 00:45:39,900
onsite sembly. 
When it fired, the sound could 

890
00:45:39,900 --> 00:45:42,300
be heard for miles and the 
ground shook like a minor 

891
00:45:42,300 --> 00:45:46,600
earthquake after 57 days of 
Siege, Constantinople fell. 

892
00:45:47,500 --> 00:45:51,000
The last Byzantine emperor, 
Constantine, the 11th died 

893
00:45:51,000 --> 00:45:53,900
fighting on the walls. 
Ending an Empire that had lasted

894
00:45:53,900 --> 00:45:58,000
for over 1000 years. 
Amid immediately declared the 

895
00:45:58,000 --> 00:46:01,200
city safe for all inhabitants 
and began rebuilding it as his 

896
00:46:01,200 --> 00:46:04,600
new capital demonstrating. 
The kind of class that made him 

897
00:46:04,600 --> 00:46:07,300
a great leader. 
Mehmed and his successors, 

898
00:46:07,300 --> 00:46:09,700
transformed Istanbul into a 
Global treasure. 

899
00:46:10,400 --> 00:46:13,700
The Ottomans built stunning, 
mosques established schools, and

900
00:46:13,700 --> 00:46:16,900
hospitals, and created a 
Cosmopolitan atmosphere that 

901
00:46:16,900 --> 00:46:20,300
attracted Scholars artists and 
Merchants from across the known 

902
00:46:20,300 --> 00:46:22,200
world. 
It was like, Renaissance 

903
00:46:22,200 --> 00:46:24,900
Florence, but with better coffee
and more impressive 

904
00:46:24,900 --> 00:46:27,600
architecture. 
The Empire continued expanding 

905
00:46:27,600 --> 00:46:30,600
under base with the second, and 
then selling the first who 

906
00:46:30,600 --> 00:46:33,300
conquered, Egypt and Syria. 
Bringing the holy cities of 

907
00:46:33,308 --> 00:46:35,400
Mecca, and Medina under ottoman 
control. 

908
00:46:36,300 --> 00:46:38,000
These events made the ottoman 
Sultan. 

909
00:46:38,000 --> 00:46:41,100
The protector of his Lamb's 
holiest, sites, adding religious

910
00:46:41,100 --> 00:46:43,100
authority to their growing 
temporal power. 

911
00:46:43,900 --> 00:46:46,400
But the real showstopper was 
Suleiman the Magnificent. 

912
00:46:46,400 --> 00:46:50,800
Who took the throne in 1520, if 
men had was the Conqueror. 

913
00:46:50,800 --> 00:46:54,700
Suleiman was the Perfecter he 
combined military genius with 

914
00:46:54,700 --> 00:46:57,500
administrative brilliant and a 
genuine love of arts and 

915
00:46:57,500 --> 00:47:00,800
culture. 
Under his rule, the Ottoman 

916
00:47:00,800 --> 00:47:03,800
Empire reached, its golden age 
stretching from the gates of 

917
00:47:03,800 --> 00:47:05,800
Vienna to the shores of the 
Persian Gulf. 

918
00:47:06,600 --> 00:47:09,100
Suleiman's arm is operated 
smoothly and efficiently. 

919
00:47:09,100 --> 00:47:13,400
They moved with Precision fought
with discipline and concurred 

920
00:47:13,400 --> 00:47:16,300
with style. 
The Janice areas had evolved 

921
00:47:16,300 --> 00:47:19,500
into one of the most formidable 
military forces in the world and

922
00:47:19,500 --> 00:47:21,300
ottoman engineering had reached 
New Heights. 

923
00:47:22,100 --> 00:47:25,500
They built roads, that connected
distant provinces aqueducts. 

924
00:47:25,500 --> 00:47:28,700
That brought fresh water to 
cities bridges, that stood for 

925
00:47:28,700 --> 00:47:31,200
centuries. 
The Empire wasn't just about 

926
00:47:31,200 --> 00:47:33,400
Conquest anymore. 
It was about creating a 

927
00:47:33,408 --> 00:47:37,000
civilization that could last the
Ottomans developed a 

928
00:47:37,000 --> 00:47:40,200
sophisticated legal system. 
Established trade networks that 

929
00:47:40,200 --> 00:47:43,400
connected Europe with Aja. 
A fostered, an atmosphere of 

930
00:47:43,400 --> 00:47:45,700
learning that attracted the best
minds of the age. 

931
00:47:46,600 --> 00:47:50,400
By 1520, the Ottoman Empire had 
emerged as the dominant force of

932
00:47:50,400 --> 00:47:54,300
its era, causing European Kings 
to lose their sleep and 

933
00:47:54,300 --> 00:47:58,200
Merchants to dream of prophet. 
The Thunder of Conquest had 

934
00:47:58,200 --> 00:48:01,200
built something magnificent 
settle back a bit deeper into 

935
00:48:01,200 --> 00:48:04,000
your chair because we're 
entering what might be the most 

936
00:48:04,000 --> 00:48:07,900
remarkable period in our story. 
The era when the Ottoman Empire 

937
00:48:07,900 --> 00:48:13,200
wasn't just powerful the 
genuinely magnificent. picture 

938
00:48:13,200 --> 00:48:16,600
the late afternoon, sun casting 
long, Golden Shadows, across 

939
00:48:16,600 --> 00:48:20,700
Palace Courtyards Illuminating 
an Empire at its absolute Peak 

940
00:48:21,500 --> 00:48:26,600
Suleiman the Magnificent ruled 
for 46 years, from 1520 to 1566.

941
00:48:26,600 --> 00:48:29,800
And during this time the Ottoman
Empire became something 

942
00:48:29,800 --> 00:48:32,900
unprecedented in world history. 
It wasn't just the largest 

943
00:48:32,900 --> 00:48:35,300
Empire of its time. 
It was arguably the most 

944
00:48:35,300 --> 00:48:37,700
efficiently, run, most 
culturally diverse. 

945
00:48:37,700 --> 00:48:41,100
And most economically 
sophisticated political entity 

946
00:48:41,100 --> 00:48:44,400
on Earth. 
Let's talk about what daily life

947
00:48:44,400 --> 00:48:46,900
was like for you. 
An ordinary person living in 

948
00:48:46,900 --> 00:48:49,200
this Empire. 
If you were a merchant in 

949
00:48:49,200 --> 00:48:51,900
Istanbul, you might start your 
morning in the Grand Bazaar. 

950
00:48:51,900 --> 00:48:55,500
One of the world's first 
shopping malls, the Grand Bazaar

951
00:48:55,500 --> 00:48:58,800
wasn't just a market. 
It was a city within a city with

952
00:48:58,800 --> 00:49:02,700
4000 shots its own police force,
and even its own banking system,

953
00:49:02,700 --> 00:49:07,200
you could purchase silk from 
China spices from India, first 

954
00:49:07,200 --> 00:49:09,600
from Russia, and Amber from the 
Baltic. 

955
00:49:09,600 --> 00:49:13,000
All within the same premises, 
there was like Amazon, but with 

956
00:49:13,008 --> 00:49:14,500
more carpet dealers and better 
coffee. 

957
00:49:15,300 --> 00:49:18,500
The coffee, by the way, was a 
recent Innovation coffee houses.

958
00:49:18,500 --> 00:49:21,700
Had started appearing in 
Istanbul in the 1540s, and they 

959
00:49:21,708 --> 00:49:23,500
quickly became centers of social
life. 

960
00:49:24,300 --> 00:49:28,100
Men would gather to drink this 
new beverage play chess, discuss

961
00:49:28,100 --> 00:49:30,800
politics and share news from 
across the Empire. 

962
00:49:30,800 --> 00:49:33,600
The government was initially 
suspicious of these 

963
00:49:33,600 --> 00:49:36,100
establishments. 
They worry that people Gathering

964
00:49:36,100 --> 00:49:38,500
to drink stimulants and talk 
politics might lead to trouble. 

965
00:49:38,500 --> 00:49:42,100
They weren't entirely wrong. 
And coffee had already conquered

966
00:49:42,100 --> 00:49:44,400
the Empire more thoroughly than 
any army ever could. 

967
00:49:45,500 --> 00:49:48,400
If you were a student, you might
attend one of the many schools, 

968
00:49:48,400 --> 00:49:51,700
the ottomans are established 
throughout the empire. the 

969
00:49:51,700 --> 00:49:54,800
ottoman educational system was 
remarkably Advanced for its time

970
00:49:54,800 --> 00:49:58,600
students could study 
mathematics, astronomy medicine 

971
00:49:58,600 --> 00:50:04,200
law, Theology and literature The
best students regardless of 

972
00:50:04,200 --> 00:50:06,400
their background could rise to 
the highest positions in 

973
00:50:06,408 --> 00:50:09,100
government. 
It was a meritocracy wrapped in 

974
00:50:09,100 --> 00:50:12,000
an Empire which was unusual 
enough to be revolutionary 

975
00:50:12,000 --> 00:50:14,000
women. 
In the Ottoman Empire had 

976
00:50:14,000 --> 00:50:15,300
rights. 
That would have shocked their 

977
00:50:15,300 --> 00:50:18,600
European contemporaries. 
They could own property engage 

978
00:50:18,600 --> 00:50:21,800
in business and even appear in 
court to defend their interests.

979
00:50:23,400 --> 00:50:25,800
The ottoman legal system, 
recognized different laws for 

980
00:50:25,800 --> 00:50:27,700
different communities 
Christians. 

981
00:50:27,700 --> 00:50:30,700
Followed Christian law in civil 
matters, Jews followed Jewish 

982
00:50:30,700 --> 00:50:33,000
law and Muslims, followed 
Islamic law. 

983
00:50:33,700 --> 00:50:36,200
There was like, having a legal 
system with multiple operating 

984
00:50:36,200 --> 00:50:38,900
systems, all running smoothly on
the same computer. 

985
00:50:39,900 --> 00:50:42,900
The Empire's military was 
equally impressive, the 

986
00:50:42,900 --> 00:50:46,100
janissaries had evolved into a 
professional Army that was 

987
00:50:46,108 --> 00:50:48,500
feared and respected throughout 
Europe and Asia. 

988
00:50:49,100 --> 00:50:51,500
They weren't just soldiers. 
They were engineers 

989
00:50:51,500 --> 00:50:54,100
administrators and often 
Scholars. 

990
00:50:54,900 --> 00:50:57,800
They receive training in 
everything from Siege Warfare to

991
00:50:57,800 --> 00:51:01,100
diplomatic protocol and many 
were proficient in multiple 

992
00:51:01,100 --> 00:51:04,100
languages. 
Suleiman himself was a 

993
00:51:04,100 --> 00:51:07,400
fascinating character. 
He was called the magnificent in

994
00:51:07,400 --> 00:51:10,600
Europe, but his people called 
him the law Giver because of his

995
00:51:10,600 --> 00:51:12,600
contributions to the Empire's 
legal system. 

996
00:51:12,600 --> 00:51:17,100
He was all a poet who wrote 
Under the pen name hebi which 

997
00:51:17,100 --> 00:51:20,400
means lover. 
Imagine a world leader today. 

998
00:51:20,400 --> 00:51:22,800
Publishing poetry of about love 
and philosophy alongside 

999
00:51:22,800 --> 00:51:25,300
military campaigns and 
diplomatic negotiations. 

1000
00:51:25,300 --> 00:51:28,700
The Empire's tolerance was 
remarkable for its time. 

1001
00:51:29,400 --> 00:51:32,800
In 4992, when Spain expelled its
Jewish population. 

1002
00:51:32,800 --> 00:51:37,100
The Ottomans welcomed them with 
unwavering hospitality Suleiman 

1003
00:51:37,100 --> 00:51:39,600
reportedly said that the Spanish
King had impoverished his 

1004
00:51:39,600 --> 00:51:43,000
country to enrich. 
The Ottoman Empire, these Jewish

1005
00:51:43,000 --> 00:51:45,800
refugees brought with them 
skills, in medicine, finance and

1006
00:51:45,800 --> 00:51:48,500
craftsmanship that greatly 
benefited, their new home. 

1007
00:51:48,500 --> 00:51:51,100
Ottoman architecture. 
During this period was 

1008
00:51:51,100 --> 00:51:54,200
breathtaking. 
The great architect mimos Enon 

1009
00:51:54,200 --> 00:51:57,800
designed buildings, that seem to
defy gravity with dome's that 

1010
00:51:57,800 --> 00:52:00,300
appeared to float and minarets 
that reached toward heaven. 

1011
00:52:01,700 --> 00:52:05,800
The suleimani mosque in 
Istanbul, completed in 1557, was

1012
00:52:05,800 --> 00:52:09,600
his Masterpiece, a building, so 
perfectly proportioned that it 

1013
00:52:09,600 --> 00:52:12,000
seems to have grown from the 
earth, rather than being built 

1014
00:52:12,000 --> 00:52:16,300
by human hands, trade flourished
under ottoman rule, the Empire 

1015
00:52:16,300 --> 00:52:18,300
controlled the routes between 
Europe and Asia. 

1016
00:52:18,300 --> 00:52:21,200
And ottoman Merchants became 
wealthy facilitating. 

1017
00:52:21,200 --> 00:52:24,300
This exchange, the Empire's 
currency was stable. 

1018
00:52:24,300 --> 00:52:27,700
Its roads were safe and its 
legal system was predictable. 

1019
00:52:27,700 --> 00:52:31,000
It was like having a medieval 
version of the European Union 

1020
00:52:31,000 --> 00:52:36,700
but one that actually worked 
efficiently By 1600 the Ottoman 

1021
00:52:36,700 --> 00:52:39,000
Empire, controlled three 
continents and influence the 

1022
00:52:39,000 --> 00:52:42,100
lives of millions of people. 
It was an empire built on 

1023
00:52:42,100 --> 00:52:45,500
practical tolerance, 
administrative, efficiency, and 

1024
00:52:45,500 --> 00:52:48,400
Military excellence. 
The gold and afternoons. 

1025
00:52:48,400 --> 00:52:52,500
Sean brightly, casting Long 
Shadows that extended far into 

1026
00:52:52,500 --> 00:52:55,200
the evening of History, you 
know, how some evening's just 

1027
00:52:55,200 --> 00:52:57,400
seem to go on forever with the 
light fading. 

1028
00:52:57,400 --> 00:52:59,000
So, gradually that you don't 
notice. 

1029
00:52:59,000 --> 00:53:01,600
It's getting dark until you're 
already reaching for the lamp. 

1030
00:53:02,400 --> 00:53:04,700
That's what happened to the 
Ottoman Empire in the 17th 

1031
00:53:04,700 --> 00:53:07,500
century. 
The sun was still shining, but 

1032
00:53:07,500 --> 00:53:09,100
the Shadows were definitely 
getting longer. 

1033
00:53:09,900 --> 00:53:13,100
The problem started, oddly 
enough with success the Empire 

1034
00:53:13,100 --> 00:53:15,800
had grown so large that it was 
becoming difficult to manage. 

1035
00:53:16,600 --> 00:53:19,700
Imagine trying to run a family 
business that had expanded from 

1036
00:53:19,700 --> 00:53:22,500
a corner store to a 
multinational corporation, but 

1037
00:53:22,500 --> 00:53:24,600
you are still using the same 
filing system. 

1038
00:53:24,600 --> 00:53:28,700
You'd started with the ottoman 
administrative system, which had

1039
00:53:28,700 --> 00:53:30,000
worked brilliantly for a 
smaller. 

1040
00:53:30,000 --> 00:53:33,200
Empire was starting to Creak 
under the weight of governing 

1041
00:53:33,200 --> 00:53:35,000
territories from Hungary to 
Yemen. 

1042
00:53:35,800 --> 00:53:39,100
Sultans were changing too, the 
early ottoman rulers had been 

1043
00:53:39,100 --> 00:53:42,300
Warriors who led from the front 
learning statecraft through 

1044
00:53:42,300 --> 00:53:46,000
experience. 
But by the 1600s Sultans were 

1045
00:53:46,000 --> 00:53:50,000
increasingly isolated in their 
palaces surrounded by advisors 

1046
00:53:50,000 --> 00:53:51,500
who told them what they wanted 
to hear? 

1047
00:53:51,500 --> 00:53:55,400
It was like getting all your 
news from social media you end 

1048
00:53:55,400 --> 00:53:57,200
up in a bubble that doesn't 
reflect reality. 

1049
00:53:58,400 --> 00:54:03,200
Sultan Ahmed, the first who 
ruled from 1603 to 16717 was a 

1050
00:54:03,208 --> 00:54:05,500
decent man who built the 
beautiful blue mosque in 

1051
00:54:05,500 --> 00:54:08,500
Istanbul. 
But he was all the first Sultan 

1052
00:54:08,500 --> 00:54:11,200
in ottoman history to come to 
power without having served as a

1053
00:54:11,200 --> 00:54:13,900
provincial Governor. 
He learned to be an emperor by 

1054
00:54:13,900 --> 00:54:16,600
being an emperor which is a bit 
like learning to drive by 

1055
00:54:16,600 --> 00:54:20,700
entering the Indianapolis 500. 
The Empire's military was facing

1056
00:54:20,700 --> 00:54:24,000
new challenges, too. 
The Janice series Once the 

1057
00:54:24,000 --> 00:54:26,100
Empire's greatest strengths were
becoming a problem. 

1058
00:54:26,800 --> 00:54:29,100
If they had evolved from an 
elite fighting force into 

1059
00:54:29,100 --> 00:54:32,900
something more like a privileged
Guild, they married had children

1060
00:54:32,900 --> 00:54:36,000
and began to think of their 
positions as hereditary rights 

1061
00:54:36,000 --> 00:54:38,700
rather than earned privileges 
worse. 

1062
00:54:38,700 --> 00:54:40,500
They were becoming politically 
active. 

1063
00:54:40,500 --> 00:54:44,600
Sometimes deposing Sultans they 
didn't like it was like having 

1064
00:54:44,600 --> 00:54:47,200
your army double as a very 
well-armed Union with strong 

1065
00:54:47,200 --> 00:54:51,100
opinions about management. 
Meanwhile European military 

1066
00:54:51,100 --> 00:54:52,800
technology was advancing 
rapidly. 

1067
00:54:52,800 --> 00:54:56,000
The Ottomans had once been the 
innovators in military 

1068
00:54:56,000 --> 00:54:59,800
engineering, but now they were 
falling behind European. 

1069
00:54:59,800 --> 00:55:02,300
Armies were becoming more 
professional more disciplined 

1070
00:55:02,300 --> 00:55:05,000
and better equipped Lighter more
mobile. 

1071
00:55:05,000 --> 00:55:07,800
Artillery was surpassing the 
Empire's once world renowned 

1072
00:55:07,800 --> 00:55:11,000
great Siege cannons. 
The economy was struggling to 

1073
00:55:11,000 --> 00:55:14,600
the discovery of the Americas 
had shifted global trade routes,

1074
00:55:14,600 --> 00:55:17,600
reducing the ottoman Empires 
role as the middleman between 

1075
00:55:17,600 --> 00:55:20,500
Europe and Asia. 
It was like being a travel agent

1076
00:55:20,500 --> 00:55:23,400
in the age of the internet. 
Your old business model was 

1077
00:55:23,400 --> 00:55:25,900
becoming obsolete, but you 
hadn't figured out what to 

1078
00:55:25,900 --> 00:55:29,100
replace it with yet. 
The Empire suffered a major 

1079
00:55:29,108 --> 00:55:31,600
defeat at the Battle of Vienna 
in 1683. 

1080
00:55:31,600 --> 00:55:35,000
When a coalition of European 
powers turned back, the ottoman 

1081
00:55:35,000 --> 00:55:38,400
Siege of the Austrian capital. 
This wasn't just a military 

1082
00:55:38,400 --> 00:55:40,400
defeat, it was a psychological 
one. 

1083
00:55:40,400 --> 00:55:43,700
The Ottoman Empire found itself.
Clearly on the defensive for the

1084
00:55:43,708 --> 00:55:46,900
first time, in centuries, the 
Empire that had once seemed 

1085
00:55:46,900 --> 00:55:49,200
Unstoppable, was now being 
stopped regularly. 

1086
00:55:49,900 --> 00:55:52,800
But here's the thing about the 
Ottomans, they were remarkably 

1087
00:55:52,800 --> 00:55:57,000
adaptable when they needed to be
Cooked, rulu Grand viziers a 

1088
00:55:57,000 --> 00:55:59,600
family of Administrators who 
effectively ran the empire for 

1089
00:55:59,600 --> 00:56:02,900
several decades implemented 
serious reforms. 

1090
00:56:02,900 --> 00:56:06,800
They reorganized the military 
reformed the tax system and 

1091
00:56:06,800 --> 00:56:10,100
tried to root out corruption. 
It was like having a phenomenal 

1092
00:56:10,100 --> 00:56:13,100
management consulting firm 
coming in and restructure your 

1093
00:56:13,100 --> 00:56:16,400
entire organization. 
The Empire Auto began to 

1094
00:56:16,400 --> 00:56:18,500
modernize its military along 
European lines. 

1095
00:56:18,500 --> 00:56:22,800
They hired European advisors, 
imported new weapons and 

1096
00:56:22,800 --> 00:56:24,500
established new training 
programs. 

1097
00:56:25,500 --> 00:56:27,800
The Jana series resisted these 
changes naturally. 

1098
00:56:28,500 --> 00:56:31,200
But gradually, the Empire began 
to adopt more modern military 

1099
00:56:31,200 --> 00:56:34,300
practices, cultural life 
remained vibrant throughout this

1100
00:56:34,300 --> 00:56:36,700
period. 
The Ottomans continued to build 

1101
00:56:36,700 --> 00:56:40,300
beautiful, mosque's write poetry
and maintain their reputation 

1102
00:56:40,300 --> 00:56:43,600
for religious tolerance. 
Istanbul was still one of the 

1103
00:56:43,600 --> 00:56:46,900
most Cosmopolitan cities in the 
world and ottoman Scholars. 

1104
00:56:46,900 --> 00:56:50,500
Continue to make contributions 
to mathematics astronomy and 

1105
00:56:50,500 --> 00:56:53,100
Medicine. 
The Empire's Diplomatic Corps 

1106
00:56:53,100 --> 00:56:56,400
became more sophisticated too, 
ottoman ambassadors, were sent 

1107
00:56:56,408 --> 00:56:59,300
to European capitals and the 
Empire began to engage more 

1108
00:56:59,300 --> 00:57:01,300
actively in the European balance
of power. 

1109
00:57:02,000 --> 00:57:03,700
They learned to play The 
Diplomatic game. 

1110
00:57:03,700 --> 00:57:07,000
According to European Norms, 
forming alliances, and forging 

1111
00:57:07,000 --> 00:57:11,500
treaties with former enemies. by
1700 the Ottoman Empire was 

1112
00:57:11,500 --> 00:57:14,700
still a major power but it was 
no longer the superpower it had 

1113
00:57:14,700 --> 00:57:18,200
once been The long Twilight was 
beginning, but it would. 

1114
00:57:18,200 --> 00:57:20,800
Last for more than two 
centuries, the empire was 

1115
00:57:20,800 --> 00:57:23,700
changing adapting and learning 
to survive in a world that was 

1116
00:57:23,700 --> 00:57:26,200
already rapidly. 
Changing as we enter a new 

1117
00:57:26,208 --> 00:57:28,000
century. 
It's as if we're witnessing a 

1118
00:57:28,000 --> 00:57:30,700
person attempting to renovate 
her house during a thunderstorm.

1119
00:57:31,500 --> 00:57:34,400
The Ottoman Empire. 
In the 1700s was simultaneously.

1120
00:57:34,400 --> 00:57:38,000
Trying to modernize fight Wars 
and maintain its identity. 

1121
00:57:38,000 --> 00:57:41,400
All the world around. 
It was changing faster than a 

1122
00:57:41,400 --> 00:57:44,400
teenagers mood. 
Europe was experiencing its 

1123
00:57:44,400 --> 00:57:46,900
Enlightenment and the Ottomans 
were falling behind. 

1124
00:57:48,500 --> 00:57:50,700
It wasn't the ottoman Scholars 
were brilliant. 

1125
00:57:50,700 --> 00:57:54,500
They were it was more like being
excellent at chess while 

1126
00:57:54,500 --> 00:57:56,800
everyone else was learning to 
play a completely different 

1127
00:57:56,800 --> 00:58:00,300
game. 
The Scientific Revolution new 

1128
00:58:00,300 --> 00:58:03,600
military Technologies and 
changing economic systems were 

1129
00:58:03,600 --> 00:58:06,100
transforming the world and the 
Ottomans found themselves. 

1130
00:58:06,100 --> 00:58:10,200
Playing catch up Sultan Ahmed 
the third who ruled from 1703 to

1131
00:58:10,200 --> 00:58:13,300
1730, tried to bridge. 
This Gap by embracing what 

1132
00:58:13,300 --> 00:58:15,300
historians. 
Call the Tulip period. 

1133
00:58:16,200 --> 00:58:18,400
Period wasn't just about flowers
though. 

1134
00:58:18,400 --> 00:58:21,100
The Ottomans did develop a 
serious obsession with tulips. 

1135
00:58:21,100 --> 00:58:22,700
That would have made Dutch 
investors. 

1136
00:58:22,700 --> 00:58:27,200
Blush Ahmed the third encouraged
European style art architecture 

1137
00:58:27,200 --> 00:58:30,300
and literature. 
He invited European experts to 

1138
00:58:30,300 --> 00:58:33,200
Istanbul and sent ottoman 
students to study in European 

1139
00:58:33,200 --> 00:58:36,000
universities. 
The result was fascinating but 

1140
00:58:36,000 --> 00:58:38,700
also a bit awkward. 
Imagine trying to blend 

1141
00:58:38,700 --> 00:58:41,300
traditional ottoman culture, 
with European Enlightenment 

1142
00:58:41,300 --> 00:58:44,600
ideas, you'd get beautiful, 
palaces, that looked like, they 

1143
00:58:44,600 --> 00:58:47,400
couldn't decide whether they 
were Turkish or French and 

1144
00:58:47,400 --> 00:58:50,300
poetry, that makes classical 
Autumn and themes with European 

1145
00:58:50,300 --> 00:58:54,700
romantic sensibilities, it was 
cultural Fusion before anyone to

1146
00:58:54,700 --> 00:58:57,100
call it. 
The military reforms were more 

1147
00:58:57,100 --> 00:59:00,100
urgent and more controversial. 
The janissaries were now 

1148
00:59:00,100 --> 00:59:03,300
thoroughly entrenched as a 
hereditary caste more interested

1149
00:59:03,300 --> 00:59:05,000
in their privileges than in 
fighting. 

1150
00:59:05,000 --> 00:59:08,000
They were like a medieval 
laborer Union that had somehow 

1151
00:59:08,000 --> 00:59:10,700
acquired canons and a really 
strong opinion about management 

1152
00:59:10,700 --> 00:59:13,500
decisions. 
Any attempt to reform the met 

1153
00:59:13,500 --> 00:59:17,200
with resistance that could turn 
violent Sultan selim the third 

1154
00:59:17,200 --> 00:59:21,800
who ruled from 1789 to 1807 made
a serious attempt at 

1155
00:59:21,800 --> 00:59:25,000
comprehensive reform. 
He created a new military force.

1156
00:59:25,000 --> 00:59:28,300
Called the nizami Shaded New 
Order trained by European 

1157
00:59:28,300 --> 00:59:30,300
officers and equipped with 
modern weapons. 

1158
00:59:30,300 --> 00:59:34,800
He also tried to reform the tax 
system, modernize the Navy and 

1159
00:59:34,800 --> 00:59:37,800
established permanent diplomatic
missions in European capitals. 

1160
00:59:37,800 --> 00:59:41,000
The timing was particularly 
challenging because Europe was 

1161
00:59:41,000 --> 00:59:42,800
convulsing with revolutionary 
changes. 

1162
00:59:43,700 --> 00:59:46,200
The French Revolution had begun 
in 1789. 

1163
00:59:46,200 --> 00:59:50,200
The same year selim, the third 
came to power, the Ottomans 

1164
00:59:50,200 --> 00:59:53,100
watched nervously as European 
monarchs were overthrown and 

1165
00:59:53,100 --> 00:59:54,900
traditional Authority was 
challenged. 

1166
00:59:55,700 --> 00:59:57,900
It was like trying to renovate 
your house while your neighbor's

1167
00:59:57,900 --> 01:00:00,300
were having a very loud, very 
violent block party. 

1168
01:00:01,100 --> 01:00:04,300
Selling the third's reforms were
ultimately undone by a janissary

1169
01:00:04,300 --> 01:00:07,900
Revolt in 1807. 
The janissaries supported by 

1170
01:00:07,900 --> 01:00:11,300
conservative religious leaders 
deposed him and installed his 

1171
01:00:11,300 --> 01:00:12,800
cousin. 
Mustafa for the fourth of 

1172
01:00:12,800 --> 01:00:16,000
Sultan, it was a clear message 
that change would not come 

1173
01:00:16,000 --> 01:00:19,700
easily to the Ottoman Empire. 
The Empire's territorial losses 

1174
01:00:19,700 --> 01:00:21,100
continued throughout the 
century. 

1175
01:00:21,100 --> 01:00:24,500
The austrians and Russians made 
steady gains in the bulk and 

1176
01:00:24,508 --> 01:00:28,300
around the Black Sea, the Empire
lost control of Hungary, much of

1177
01:00:28,300 --> 01:00:32,400
Ukraine and the Crimea Each loss
felt like losing a portion of 

1178
01:00:32,400 --> 01:00:34,700
the family business to more 
efficient competitors. 

1179
01:00:35,600 --> 01:00:37,300
Economic challenges were equally
pressing. 

1180
01:00:37,300 --> 01:00:40,900
The Empire's traditional role as
a middleman and global trade was

1181
01:00:40,900 --> 01:00:44,600
diminishing as European 
Merchants found new routes and 

1182
01:00:44,600 --> 01:00:47,100
established direct relationships
with Asian suppliers. 

1183
01:00:48,500 --> 01:00:51,400
Ottoman artists found themselves
competing with mass-produced 

1184
01:00:51,400 --> 01:00:54,200
European Goods. 
It was like being a skilled 

1185
01:00:54,200 --> 01:00:58,200
crafts person, in the early days
of industrialization, your 

1186
01:00:58,200 --> 01:01:01,200
products were often superior but
they cost more and took longer 

1187
01:01:01,200 --> 01:01:04,000
to make. 
Yet the Empire showed remarkable

1188
01:01:04,000 --> 01:01:07,400
resilience provincial Governors,
often acting independently 

1189
01:01:07,400 --> 01:01:10,800
implemented, their reforms and 
maintained stability in their 

1190
01:01:10,800 --> 01:01:13,900
regions, the Empire's, cultural 
and religious diversity, 

1191
01:01:13,900 --> 01:01:17,000
remained a source of strength. 
There's different communities, 

1192
01:01:17,000 --> 01:01:19,700
contributed their skills and 
knowledge to the common cause 

1193
01:01:20,500 --> 01:01:23,100
The Ottomans also proved Adept 
at playing European powers 

1194
01:01:23,100 --> 01:01:25,600
against each other. 
They formed alliances with 

1195
01:01:25,600 --> 01:01:28,200
France against Austria. 
Then with Britain against 

1196
01:01:28,200 --> 01:01:31,400
Russia, it was like being 
Switzerland, but with more 

1197
01:01:31,400 --> 01:01:33,900
territory and stronger opinions 
about who could use your 

1198
01:01:33,908 --> 01:01:38,500
mountain passes. 
By 1800 the Ottoman Empire was 

1199
01:01:38,500 --> 01:01:40,600
clearly. 
No longer the superpower it had 

1200
01:01:40,600 --> 01:01:44,000
once been but it was still a 
major regional power with global

1201
01:01:44,000 --> 01:01:46,600
influence. 
The struggle to modernize and 

1202
01:01:46,600 --> 01:01:49,400
reform while maintaining 
identity and preserving 

1203
01:01:49,400 --> 01:01:52,200
stability would continue into 
the next century. 

1204
01:01:53,400 --> 01:01:55,800
The empire was learning that 
survival in the modern world 

1205
01:01:55,800 --> 01:01:59,500
required constant adaptation, 
but also, the adaptation didn't 

1206
01:01:59,500 --> 01:02:02,300
necessarily mean abandoning 
everything that made you who you

1207
01:02:02,300 --> 01:02:06,000
were lean back and take a deep 
breath, because we're about to 

1208
01:02:06,000 --> 01:02:08,400
witness one of history's. 
Most dramatic attempts at 

1209
01:02:08,400 --> 01:02:12,000
Reinventing an Empire. 
The 19th century for the 

1210
01:02:12,000 --> 01:02:14,600
Ottomans was like watching 
someone try to rebuild a ship 

1211
01:02:14,600 --> 01:02:17,700
while sailing through a 
hurricane technically possible. 

1212
01:02:17,700 --> 01:02:21,900
But, requiring, extraordinary, 
skill, luck, and determination. 

1213
01:02:23,200 --> 01:02:25,900
The century began with another 
attempt at military reform, 

1214
01:02:25,900 --> 01:02:28,900
Sultan Mahmud. 
The second who came to power in 

1215
01:02:28,900 --> 01:02:32,900
1808 was determined to succeed 
where his predecessors had 

1216
01:02:32,900 --> 01:02:35,600
failed. 
But first, he had to deal with 

1217
01:02:35,600 --> 01:02:38,800
the Janice Aries who were like a
cancerous growth that had to be 

1218
01:02:38,800 --> 01:02:41,200
removed, even though the 
operation might kill the 

1219
01:02:41,200 --> 01:02:43,400
patient. 
Mahmood. 

1220
01:02:43,400 --> 01:02:46,100
The second spent years 
carefully, preparing for what he

1221
01:02:46,100 --> 01:02:48,300
knew would be a decisive. 
Rotation. 

1222
01:02:49,200 --> 01:02:51,200
He built support among other 
military units. 

1223
01:02:51,200 --> 01:02:55,000
Gain the backing of religious 
leaders and created alternative 

1224
01:02:55,000 --> 01:02:56,500
institutions that could 
function. 

1225
01:02:56,500 --> 01:03:01,800
If the Janus series were 
eliminated then in 1826, he 

1226
01:03:01,800 --> 01:03:05,600
struck when the Janice is 
revolted against his latest 

1227
01:03:05,600 --> 01:03:09,300
reform efforts Mahmood, the 
second used artillery to bombard

1228
01:03:09,300 --> 01:03:13,200
their barracks in Istanbul 
Janice a record which had 

1229
01:03:13,200 --> 01:03:15,700
existed for nearly five. 
Centuries was destroyed in a 

1230
01:03:15,700 --> 01:03:18,500
single day. 
The event was called the Orbison

1231
01:03:18,500 --> 01:03:21,700
incident, which sounds like the 
kind of euphemism would use to 

1232
01:03:21,708 --> 01:03:24,200
describe a particularly 
successful corporate 

1233
01:03:24,200 --> 01:03:28,200
restructuring, but it worked 
with the Janice is gone. 

1234
01:03:28,200 --> 01:03:31,000
The mood, the second could 
finally Implement serious 

1235
01:03:31,000 --> 01:03:34,800
military reforms Created a new 
Army trained by European 

1236
01:03:34,800 --> 01:03:38,500
officers, established a military
academy, and began the process 

1237
01:03:38,500 --> 01:03:41,500
of modernizing, the Ottoman 
military along European lines. 

1238
01:03:42,400 --> 01:03:45,200
The reform period that followed 
known as the tanzimat 

1239
01:03:45,200 --> 01:03:48,800
reorganization was like a 
comprehensive makeover of the 

1240
01:03:48,800 --> 01:03:51,800
entire Empire. 
The Ottomans tried to modernize 

1241
01:03:51,800 --> 01:03:56,000
Everything at Once legal system.
The administrative structure the

1242
01:03:56,000 --> 01:03:59,400
educational system, the economy,
and even the Empire's 

1243
01:03:59,400 --> 01:04:03,700
relationship with its diverse 
population, the hutter sheriff 

1244
01:04:03,700 --> 01:04:07,800
of gulhane issued in 1839 was 
essentially the ottoman Empire's

1245
01:04:07,800 --> 01:04:11,500
Declaration of modernization. 
It guaranteed, the security of 

1246
01:04:11,500 --> 01:04:15,600
life on Earth and property for 
all subjects regardless of their

1247
01:04:15,600 --> 01:04:19,300
religion, it promised to Quality
before the law and an end to 

1248
01:04:19,300 --> 01:04:22,300
arbitrary taxation. 
It was like a constitutional 

1249
01:04:22,300 --> 01:04:25,500
monarchies greatest hits album 
performed in ottoman, Turkish 

1250
01:04:26,400 --> 01:04:30,400
The results were mixed, but FAS.
Hempire built Railways, 

1251
01:04:30,400 --> 01:04:34,200
Telegraph lines and modern 
schools, it established a modern

1252
01:04:34,200 --> 01:04:36,900
legal system based on European 
models while maintaining 

1253
01:04:36,900 --> 01:04:38,700
religious Courts for personal 
matters. 

1254
01:04:39,600 --> 01:04:42,600
Ottomans students studied in 
European universities and 

1255
01:04:42,600 --> 01:04:46,100
returned with new ideas about 
science, technology and 

1256
01:04:46,100 --> 01:04:48,400
government. 
The Empire also became 

1257
01:04:48,400 --> 01:04:50,400
increasingly connected to the 
global economy. 

1258
01:04:50,400 --> 01:04:54,400
Ottoman Merchants traded with 
Partners around the world in 

1259
01:04:54,400 --> 01:04:57,400
European investors began to take
interest in ottoman projects. 

1260
01:04:58,200 --> 01:05:01,400
Unfortunately these developments
also meant that the Empire 

1261
01:05:01,400 --> 01:05:04,200
became dependent on European 
loans to finance its 

1262
01:05:04,200 --> 01:05:07,000
modernization efforts. 
It was like renovating your 

1263
01:05:07,000 --> 01:05:10,900
house with credit cards. 
You get a beautiful result that 

1264
01:05:10,900 --> 01:05:16,200
you're also deeply in debt. 
The Crimean War of 1853 to 1856 

1265
01:05:16,200 --> 01:05:19,400
marked a pivotal moment. 
The Ottomans found themselves 

1266
01:05:19,400 --> 01:05:22,700
allied with Britain and France 
against Russia and for the first

1267
01:05:22,700 --> 01:05:25,600
time in centuries, they were on 
the winning side of a major 

1268
01:05:25,600 --> 01:05:28,600
European conflict. 
The victory demonstrated that 

1269
01:05:28,600 --> 01:05:30,400
the ottoman military reforms 
were working. 

1270
01:05:30,400 --> 01:05:33,400
But it also showed how 
dependently Empire had become on

1271
01:05:33,400 --> 01:05:36,500
European support the later. 
Part of the century saw the 

1272
01:05:36,500 --> 01:05:39,500
Empire grappling with 
nationalism, the Greek war of 

1273
01:05:39,500 --> 01:05:42,300
independence in the 1820s had 
been just the beginning 

1274
01:05:42,300 --> 01:05:46,100
throughout the 1800s. 
Various ethnic groups within the

1275
01:05:46,100 --> 01:05:48,400
Empire began demanded 
Independence or autonomy, 

1276
01:05:49,600 --> 01:05:54,000
Bulgaria's serbs Romanians and 
others all sort to create their 

1277
01:05:54,000 --> 01:05:56,800
own nation states. 
It was like managing a large 

1278
01:05:56,808 --> 01:05:59,900
family where all the teenagers 
had suddenly decided they wanted

1279
01:05:59,900 --> 01:06:01,700
to move out and start their 
households. 

1280
01:06:01,700 --> 01:06:06,200
The Empire's response was 
complex Sometimes it fought to 

1281
01:06:06,200 --> 01:06:08,000
maintain control. 
Sometimes it. 

1282
01:06:08,000 --> 01:06:09,800
Negotiated autonomy, 
arrangements. 

1283
01:06:09,800 --> 01:06:12,800
And sometimes it simply 
acknowledged the inevitable and 

1284
01:06:12,800 --> 01:06:15,800
granted Independence. 
The Ottomans were learning to be

1285
01:06:15,808 --> 01:06:18,100
flexible. 
With each loss of territory was 

1286
01:06:18,100 --> 01:06:21,600
painful and expensive. 
Sultan Abdul Hamid, the second 

1287
01:06:21,600 --> 01:06:27,000
who ruled from 1876 to 1909, 
tried a different approach, the 

1288
01:06:27,000 --> 01:06:30,200
emphasized, the empires Islamic 
identity and appealed to Muslim 

1289
01:06:30,200 --> 01:06:32,000
solidarity to hold the empire 
together. 

1290
01:06:32,000 --> 01:06:35,500
He also invested heavily in 
infrastructure, building 

1291
01:06:35,500 --> 01:06:38,200
schools, hospitals, and Railways
throughout the Empire. 

1292
01:06:38,200 --> 01:06:41,900
His Reign was marked by economic
growth and cultural flowering, 

1293
01:06:41,900 --> 01:06:45,200
but also by increasing 
authoritarianism as he tried to 

1294
01:06:45,200 --> 01:06:48,800
control the forces of change. 
The Empire's cultural life 

1295
01:06:48,800 --> 01:06:52,900
remained vibrant throughout this
period, ottoman writers poets 

1296
01:06:52,900 --> 01:06:56,600
and artists engaged with 
European ideas while maintaining

1297
01:06:56,600 --> 01:06:59,500
their own distinctive 
Traditions, the ottoman press 

1298
01:06:59,500 --> 01:07:01,700
flourished. 
At least when it wasn't being 

1299
01:07:01,700 --> 01:07:04,400
sentenced and ottoman 
intellectuals debated questions 

1300
01:07:04,400 --> 01:07:07,200
of identity modernization and 
reform. 

1301
01:07:08,200 --> 01:07:10,700
By 1900, the Ottoman Empire had 
been transformed. 

1302
01:07:10,700 --> 01:07:14,600
It was no longer than medieval 
Empire had been in 1800 but it 

1303
01:07:14,608 --> 01:07:16,400
wasn't quite a modern European 
State either. 

1304
01:07:16,400 --> 01:07:20,900
It was something new and unique 
a multi-ethnic multi-religious 

1305
01:07:20,900 --> 01:07:23,300
Empire trying to find its place 
in the modern world. 

1306
01:07:24,200 --> 01:07:26,600
The desperate dance of Reform 
had changed the Empire 

1307
01:07:26,600 --> 01:07:30,400
fundamentally, but it also left 
it exhausted, and vulnerable 

1308
01:07:30,400 --> 01:07:32,900
settle in for the final chapter 
of our long journey. 

1309
01:07:32,900 --> 01:07:36,100
Dear listener, sometimes the 
most poignant stories are about 

1310
01:07:36,100 --> 01:07:39,700
endings and the story of how the
Ottoman Empire, finally laid 

1311
01:07:39,700 --> 01:07:43,000
down, its burden is both 
heartbreaking and Strangely 

1312
01:07:43,000 --> 01:07:45,600
Beautiful. 
Like watching the sun, set over 

1313
01:07:45,600 --> 01:07:47,200
a city, you've loved for a 
lifetime. 

1314
01:07:48,200 --> 01:07:51,900
The 20th century began with what
seemed like promise the Young 

1315
01:07:51,900 --> 01:07:54,100
Turk revolution of 1908 
restored. 

1316
01:07:54,100 --> 01:07:57,100
The ottoman Constitution and 
seemed to offer a path toward, 

1317
01:07:57,100 --> 01:07:59,700
genuine modernization and 
Democratic governance. 

1318
01:08:00,500 --> 01:08:02,700
The Empire's remaining 
territories were buzzing with 

1319
01:08:02,700 --> 01:08:06,000
new ideas about citizenship 
nationalism and progress. 

1320
01:08:06,000 --> 01:08:09,100
There was like watching someone 
finally get their life together 

1321
01:08:09,100 --> 01:08:12,300
after years of struggle. 
However, the empire was about to

1322
01:08:12,300 --> 01:08:16,300
face a formidable challenge, the
Balkan Wars of 1912 to 1913 

1323
01:08:16,300 --> 01:08:18,300
Stripped Away. 
Most of the empires, remaining 

1324
01:08:18,300 --> 01:08:22,500
European territories. 
Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro and

1325
01:08:22,500 --> 01:08:25,700
Greece, formed an alliance and 
attacked the Ottomans who found 

1326
01:08:25,700 --> 01:08:27,700
themselves fighting on multiple 
fronts simultaneously. 

1327
01:08:27,700 --> 01:08:31,000
It was like being mugged by a 
gang while you were already 

1328
01:08:31,008 --> 01:08:34,800
dealing with family problems. 
The Young Turks led by figures 

1329
01:08:34,800 --> 01:08:36,300
like under Pasha and talat 
Pasha. 

1330
01:08:36,300 --> 01:08:39,399
Try to salvage the situation 
through a combination of 

1331
01:08:39,399 --> 01:08:43,800
modernization and nationalism. 
They promoted the idea of 

1332
01:08:43,808 --> 01:08:47,300
ottomanism the notion that all 
citizens of the Empire, 

1333
01:08:47,300 --> 01:08:49,500
regardless of ethnicity or 
religion. 

1334
01:08:49,500 --> 01:08:52,800
Could be ottoman Patriot, it was
a noble idea. 

1335
01:08:52,800 --> 01:08:54,899
But it came too late. 
And in two difficult 

1336
01:08:54,899 --> 01:08:58,500
circumstances to really take 
hold, then came the Great War 

1337
01:08:58,500 --> 01:09:00,700
and with it. 
The decision that would 

1338
01:09:00,700 --> 01:09:04,700
ultimately do the empire. 
The ottoman leadership convinced

1339
01:09:04,700 --> 01:09:07,700
that Germany would win entered 
World War 1 on the side of the 

1340
01:09:07,700 --> 01:09:11,700
Central Powers in 1914. 
It was akin to placing a bet on 

1341
01:09:11,700 --> 01:09:14,399
the Family Farm in a horse race,
where winning could 

1342
01:09:14,399 --> 01:09:18,100
theoretically be achieved but 
losing could be catastrophically

1343
01:09:18,100 --> 01:09:20,899
costly. 
The war was devastating for the 

1344
01:09:20,899 --> 01:09:23,700
Empire. 
Ottoman forces fought bravely on

1345
01:09:23,700 --> 01:09:27,000
multiple fronts against the 
British in Mesopotamia, and 

1346
01:09:27,000 --> 01:09:30,500
Palestine against the Russians 
of the caucuses, and against the

1347
01:09:30,500 --> 01:09:34,100
Allies at Gallipoli. 
The Gallipoli campaign in 

1348
01:09:34,100 --> 01:09:36,300
particular showed that the 
ottoman military could still 

1349
01:09:36,300 --> 01:09:39,200
fight with distinction when 
properly LED and equipped. 

1350
01:09:40,200 --> 01:09:43,700
Under the command of Mustafa 
Kemal, later known as Ataturk. 

1351
01:09:43,700 --> 01:09:46,700
Ottoman forces, turned back a 
major Allied invasion. 

1352
01:09:46,700 --> 01:09:51,399
However, the Empire's resources 
faced extreme strain, the 

1353
01:09:51,399 --> 01:09:53,600
economy collapsed under the 
strain of Total War. 

1354
01:09:54,300 --> 01:09:57,500
Famine spread through many 
provinces, the Empire's 

1355
01:09:57,500 --> 01:09:59,600
infrastructure which had been 
steadily improving throughout 

1356
01:09:59,600 --> 01:10:02,700
the 19th century, began to 
crumble, under the demands of 

1357
01:10:02,708 --> 01:10:06,200
military logistics, the war also
witnessed some of the darkest 

1358
01:10:06,200 --> 01:10:10,000
chapters in ottoman history. 
The deportation and Massacre of 

1359
01:10:10,000 --> 01:10:14,400
Armenians in 1915 was a tragedy 
that stained the Empire's Legacy

1360
01:10:14,400 --> 01:10:18,300
Young Turks under pressure from 
multiple rebellions and 

1361
01:10:18,300 --> 01:10:21,400
invasions made decisions that 
violated the Empire's 

1362
01:10:21,400 --> 01:10:23,400
Traditional Values of Tolerance 
and diversity. 

1363
01:10:23,400 --> 01:10:26,900
There was like watching someone 
you admired for years, make 

1364
01:10:26,900 --> 01:10:28,900
choices that were completely out
of character. 

1365
01:10:30,100 --> 01:10:33,600
When Germany in its allies, 
finally surrendered in 1918, the

1366
01:10:33,600 --> 01:10:35,300
Ottoman Empire was effectively 
finished. 

1367
01:10:35,300 --> 01:10:38,500
The Empire had lost, not just 
the war, but most of its 

1368
01:10:38,500 --> 01:10:42,300
territory, its economic base, 
and its political legitimacy. 

1369
01:10:43,100 --> 01:10:46,700
Allied Forces occupied Istanbul 
and the Treaty of serves in 

1370
01:10:46,700 --> 01:10:49,900
1920, would have reduced the 
Empire to a small rump state in 

1371
01:10:49,900 --> 01:10:52,400
central Anatolia. 
But here's where the story takes

1372
01:10:52,400 --> 01:10:55,900
an unexpected turn. 
From the Ashes of the Ottoman. 

1373
01:10:55,900 --> 01:10:59,500
Empire wrote something new and 
different Mustafa Kemal, the 

1374
01:10:59,500 --> 01:11:02,600
hero of Gallipoli organized a 
nationalist resistance movement,

1375
01:11:02,600 --> 01:11:05,700
that rejected both The Sultans 
Authority and the Allied 

1376
01:11:05,700 --> 01:11:08,200
occupation. 
The Turkish war of independence 

1377
01:11:08,200 --> 01:11:10,900
that followed was Like a Phoenix
Rising From the Ashes. 

1378
01:11:10,900 --> 01:11:15,000
Something new and vital emerging
from what everyone thought was a

1379
01:11:15,000 --> 01:11:18,200
complete destruction. 
The last ottoman Sultan mehmed 

1380
01:11:18,200 --> 01:11:22,000
the sixth was deposed in 1922 
and the Empire that had lasted 

1381
01:11:22,000 --> 01:11:24,400
for over six centuries. 
Finally came to an end. 

1382
01:11:25,300 --> 01:11:28,900
The new Turkish Republic 
proclaimed in 1923 was 

1383
01:11:28,900 --> 01:11:31,100
explicitly. 
Not an Empire, but a nation 

1384
01:11:31,100 --> 01:11:33,800
state. 
It was like watching a family 

1385
01:11:33,800 --> 01:11:36,300
business that had been passed 
down through generations. 

1386
01:11:36,300 --> 01:11:39,100
Finally closes doors. 
But with the family members 

1387
01:11:39,100 --> 01:11:42,700
going on, to start successful, 
moving Ventures, the ottoman 

1388
01:11:42,700 --> 01:11:44,600
Empire's end of wasn't. 
Just the conclusion of a 

1389
01:11:44,600 --> 01:11:47,000
political entity. 
It was the end of a way of 

1390
01:11:47,000 --> 01:11:51,100
organizing Human Society. 
The Ottomans had shown that it 

1391
01:11:51,100 --> 01:11:54,100
was possible to govern a diverse
multi-ethnic multi-religious 

1392
01:11:54,100 --> 01:11:57,100
population with relative Justice
and stability. 

1393
01:11:58,000 --> 01:12:01,200
Their empire had been a bridge 
between Europe and Asia between 

1394
01:12:01,200 --> 01:12:04,300
Christianity and Islam and 
between the medieval and modern 

1395
01:12:04,300 --> 01:12:08,000
worlds. 
As we close our story, it's 

1396
01:12:08,000 --> 01:12:10,500
worth remembering that the 
ottoman Empire's Legacy lived on

1397
01:12:10,500 --> 01:12:13,900
in the institutions customs and 
cultures of the dozens of 

1398
01:12:13,900 --> 01:12:16,300
countries that emerged from its 
former territories. 

1399
01:12:16,300 --> 01:12:19,800
From the coffee houses of 
Istanbul to the architecture of 

1400
01:12:19,808 --> 01:12:22,800
Budapest from the legal systems 
of the Balkans. 

1401
01:12:22,800 --> 01:12:24,800
To The Culinary. 
Traditions of the Middle East, 

1402
01:12:24,800 --> 01:12:27,800
the ottoman influence permeated 
the fabric of entire 

1403
01:12:27,800 --> 01:12:30,600
civilizations. 
The Empire that began with a 

1404
01:12:30,600 --> 01:12:33,900
shepherd's dream in the hills of
Anatolia had grown to Encompass.

1405
01:12:33,900 --> 01:12:36,200
Three, continents in influence 
the lives of Millions. 

1406
01:12:37,000 --> 01:12:41,000
Had been magnificent floored 
adaptable and ultimately mortal 

1407
01:12:41,000 --> 01:12:43,500
much like the human beings who 
build it. 

1408
01:12:43,500 --> 01:12:46,000
Sustained it and finally let it 
go. 

1409
01:12:46,000 --> 01:12:50,400
And now as we finish our journey
together, perhaps it's time to 

1410
01:12:50,400 --> 01:12:53,200
turn off the lamp and let the 
gentle darkness of a well-told 

1411
01:12:53,200 --> 01:13:12,200
story carrier toward our dreams.
Julius, Caesar wasn't always the

1412
01:13:12,200 --> 01:13:14,800
Towering figure. 
We picked her Drake in a bright 

1413
01:13:14,800 --> 01:13:18,500
red cloak, and commanding the 
world's greatest Empire before 

1414
01:13:18,500 --> 01:13:21,300
he was that Legend, he was 
simply gayest. 

1415
01:13:21,300 --> 01:13:25,300
Julius born into a patrician, 
family with fading clout, in a 

1416
01:13:25,300 --> 01:13:26,700
Rome, that seemed to change 
every week. 

1417
01:13:27,600 --> 01:13:30,400
In those early days, the city 
itself wasn't the polished 

1418
01:13:30,400 --> 01:13:33,800
marble Wonder of later. 
Centuries with curving streets 

1419
01:13:33,800 --> 01:13:35,900
that spread gossip more quickly 
than chariots. 

1420
01:13:35,900 --> 01:13:39,700
It was a noisy crowded Center of
ambition and politics people. 

1421
01:13:39,700 --> 01:13:42,700
Lived on top of each other in 
shabby Apartments, while 

1422
01:13:42,700 --> 01:13:45,600
Aristocrats planned lavish 
feasts in their Villa Courtyards

1423
01:13:45,600 --> 01:13:48,000
hoping to lure allies for the 
next election. 

1424
01:13:49,000 --> 01:13:52,400
Gaius Julius was shaped by it 
all the noise of Street vendors,

1425
01:13:52,400 --> 01:13:55,700
Hawking figs, and fish the 
heated oratory in the Forum and 

1426
01:13:55,700 --> 01:13:59,200
The Whispers behind every 
statues column, even as a child 

1427
01:13:59,200 --> 01:14:02,000
sees, had a curiosity that led 
him to corners of Romeo's, 

1428
01:14:02,000 --> 01:14:05,800
avoided dimly lit taverns. 
The Muddy Banks of the Tiber 

1429
01:14:05,800 --> 01:14:08,800
River and rows of cramped 
bookshops, where scribes copied 

1430
01:14:08,800 --> 01:14:12,100
Scrolls for hours on end. 
He is experienced is seasoned 

1431
01:14:12,100 --> 01:14:13,700
him with a knowledge of everyday
life. 

1432
01:14:13,700 --> 01:14:17,600
That most upper-class Romans 
rarely bothered with He'd watch 

1433
01:14:17,600 --> 01:14:20,700
workers at the Docks fascinated 
by the different languages from 

1434
01:14:20,700 --> 01:14:23,800
Traders coming in from the East.
Gave him an early taste for the 

1435
01:14:23,800 --> 01:14:27,600
diversity, that existed Beyond 
Rome's walls, and no matter how 

1436
01:14:27,600 --> 01:14:30,400
chaotic it got never seemed 
overwhelmed. 

1437
01:14:31,400 --> 01:14:34,400
Instead he carefully absorb how 
each piece of society, 

1438
01:14:34,400 --> 01:14:38,100
functioned and filed the 
information away in his early 

1439
01:14:38,100 --> 01:14:41,200
teens, while many aristocratic 
boys took lessons in rhetoric 

1440
01:14:41,200 --> 01:14:44,200
under Fame, tutors Caesar did 
too but he did more than 

1441
01:14:44,200 --> 01:14:47,500
rehearse speeches. 
From ancient Greek texts the 

1442
01:14:47,500 --> 01:14:50,200
peppered his teachers with 
questions about how words could 

1443
01:14:50,200 --> 01:14:52,600
shift emotions. 
You really says that to command.

1444
01:14:52,600 --> 01:14:56,400
Respect in Rome, you needed to 
shape minds and hearts not just 

1445
01:14:56,400 --> 01:15:00,400
bodies on a Battlefield. 
This flare for our tree would 

1446
01:15:00,400 --> 01:15:03,900
become one of his trademarks. 
Before he wore the Laurel 

1447
01:15:03,900 --> 01:15:06,500
wreath. 
Caesar was already making a name

1448
01:15:06,508 --> 01:15:08,200
for himself in smaller, legal 
cases. 

1449
01:15:09,100 --> 01:15:12,500
He wowed the courts with a 
perfect blend of Reason, passion

1450
01:15:12,500 --> 01:15:15,900
and style that made older more 
experienced pleaders. 

1451
01:15:15,900 --> 01:15:19,300
Look foolish, His household 
wasn't exactly a fortress of 

1452
01:15:19,300 --> 01:15:23,100
Tranquility tension's brewed 
under its roof fed by old feuds 

1453
01:15:23,100 --> 01:15:25,400
and expectations that could 
suffocate a young man. 

1454
01:15:26,500 --> 01:15:29,000
If you were a patrician 
tradition, dictated you, climb 

1455
01:15:29,000 --> 01:15:31,800
certain ladders. 
Hold a few officers Curry favor 

1456
01:15:31,800 --> 01:15:34,600
with the Senate. 
Play by Rome's Unwritten rules. 

1457
01:15:34,600 --> 01:15:38,600
Yet sees his mother really since
something different in him. 

1458
01:15:38,600 --> 01:15:41,400
His eyes sparked with ambition 
beyond the norm. 

1459
01:15:42,000 --> 01:15:43,600
Quietly. 
She encouraged him to break 

1460
01:15:43,600 --> 01:15:47,600
molds but do so intelligently. 
She knew that living like a 

1461
01:15:47,600 --> 01:15:50,900
chameleon, in Rome's, political 
ecosystem, switching Shades were

1462
01:15:50,900 --> 01:15:53,000
necessary was the path to real 
power. 

1463
01:15:54,000 --> 01:15:56,100
Of course, Caesar's early 
Journey wasn't smooth. 

1464
01:15:56,900 --> 01:15:59,500
He found himself in snared in 
the Civil disputes between 

1465
01:15:59,500 --> 01:16:04,200
Marius his uncle by marriage and
sulla which tore Rome into 

1466
01:16:04,208 --> 01:16:07,200
factions. 
As a teenager Caesar had to flee

1467
01:16:07,200 --> 01:16:09,900
or risk execution, when the 
dictatorial solar took over. 

1468
01:16:09,900 --> 01:16:13,300
But even on the Run, he refused 
to remain hidden in a corner of 

1469
01:16:13,300 --> 01:16:14,900
Italy. 
Stead. 

1470
01:16:15,600 --> 01:16:19,100
He traveled, discreetly learning
about local communities, forging

1471
01:16:19,100 --> 01:16:22,000
bonds, with minor officials and 
gaining a sense for the shifting

1472
01:16:22,000 --> 01:16:23,800
alliances that propped up Roman 
government. 

1473
01:16:24,600 --> 01:16:27,500
Ever cunning, he avoided solar's
Men by staying, a step ahead of 

1474
01:16:27,500 --> 01:16:30,500
them sometimes disguising 
himself or traveling in the 

1475
01:16:30,500 --> 01:16:33,800
company of them probable 
companions, like foreign Traders

1476
01:16:33,800 --> 01:16:37,300
or even wandering performers. 
Eventually Caesar returned to 

1477
01:16:37,300 --> 01:16:40,200
Rome after solar's death. 
But he'd learned that when power

1478
01:16:40,200 --> 01:16:42,900
is on the table, trust is a 
fragile commodity. 

1479
01:16:42,900 --> 01:16:46,800
He had seen men switch loyalties
for a promise of gold or turning

1480
01:16:46,800 --> 01:16:51,200
a friend to keep their own head.
That lesson, never left him pong

1481
01:16:51,200 --> 01:16:53,000
coming home. 
He immediately set about 

1482
01:16:53,000 --> 01:16:56,400
re-establishing, his social ties
attending, Banquets and forging 

1483
01:16:56,400 --> 01:16:59,200
friendships with men who had 
once hide him with suspicion. 

1484
01:16:59,200 --> 01:17:03,800
Yes, of a depth at reading 
faces, if he caught even a 

1485
01:17:03,800 --> 01:17:06,600
flicker of duplicity, he dodged 
that Bond elegantly. 

1486
01:17:06,600 --> 01:17:09,600
Perhaps with an extravagant 
greeting, followed by a subtle 

1487
01:17:09,600 --> 01:17:12,600
distance singing. 
One could never be too. 

1488
01:17:12,600 --> 01:17:14,200
Careful in Rome, swirling 
politics. 

1489
01:17:14,200 --> 01:17:17,700
A remarkable moment came when he
took on the role of priests to 

1490
01:17:17,708 --> 01:17:21,100
Jupiter only to lose it during 
sula's purges. 

1491
01:17:21,100 --> 01:17:25,300
It was a blow public piety. 
After all was a stepping stone 

1492
01:17:25,300 --> 01:17:28,900
for an aspiring politician. 
Caesar's resilience was already 

1493
01:17:28,900 --> 01:17:33,300
in full bloom, he picked himself
up Found A New Path and ventured

1494
01:17:33,300 --> 01:17:35,100
into the world of politics from 
a different angle. 

1495
01:17:35,100 --> 01:17:38,100
Securing lesser offices, that 
would eventually open bigger 

1496
01:17:38,100 --> 01:17:40,300
doors. 
He also began building a 

1497
01:17:40,300 --> 01:17:42,400
personal brand of generosity 
soon. 

1498
01:17:42,400 --> 01:17:45,100
People, whispered about the, 
Banquets he held in the funds. 

1499
01:17:45,100 --> 01:17:48,000
He provided for Public Works 
Senators, wondered how he 

1500
01:17:48,000 --> 01:17:51,100
managed to gather such a Deep 
Pockets, there wasn't old 

1501
01:17:51,100 --> 01:17:53,100
family. 
Well, hello Caesar had a network

1502
01:17:53,100 --> 01:17:56,200
of supporters and many believed 
in him precisely because of his 

1503
01:17:56,200 --> 01:17:59,600
willingness to think outside the
conventional lines of patronage 

1504
01:17:59,600 --> 01:18:02,500
and nepotism. 
By his mid-twenties, Caesar had 

1505
01:18:02,500 --> 01:18:05,400
cultivated a reputation for 
being both bold and adaptable. 

1506
01:18:05,400 --> 01:18:09,700
He hadn't yet reshaped Rome, but
the seeds were there is parth 

1507
01:18:09,700 --> 01:18:12,600
wasn't about simple heroics or 
the typical childhood prophecy 

1508
01:18:12,600 --> 01:18:14,100
that he was destined for 
greatness. 

1509
01:18:15,000 --> 01:18:17,600
Rather, it was a quieter 
accumulation of experiences that

1510
01:18:17,600 --> 01:18:19,200
prepared him for the challenges 
ahead. 

1511
01:18:20,000 --> 01:18:23,500
Each piece is exposure to every 
day Roman's, his brush with 

1512
01:18:23,500 --> 01:18:26,000
danger. 
During solar's regime, his love 

1513
01:18:26,000 --> 01:18:30,300
of rhetoric lined up perfectly 
to form a foundation Rome. 

1514
01:18:30,300 --> 01:18:33,200
Full of swirling rivalries and 
unspoken rules. 

1515
01:18:34,100 --> 01:18:37,000
No idea that this relatively 
unremarkable young man with a 

1516
01:18:37,008 --> 01:18:40,700
quick tongue and quick mind was 
about to upend everything before

1517
01:18:40,700 --> 01:18:43,900
he was a seasoned Commander or 
the Colossus striding across the

1518
01:18:43,900 --> 01:18:46,300
Rubicon. 
Caesar had an Escapade that 

1519
01:18:46,300 --> 01:18:47,900
shaped his perspective on the 
power. 

1520
01:18:47,900 --> 01:18:49,700
More than any lecture in the 
Senate ever. 

1521
01:18:49,700 --> 01:18:53,000
Could his abduction by solution 
pirates in the Aegean Sea. 

1522
01:18:53,000 --> 01:18:57,100
It's a tail rarely told in the 
mainstream, but it offers a raw 

1523
01:18:57,100 --> 01:18:59,900
glimpse into his character. 
Caesar was traveling to 

1524
01:18:59,900 --> 01:19:02,800
strengthen his oratory skills, 
under a renowned teacher on the 

1525
01:19:02,800 --> 01:19:05,700
island roads, something 
Aristocrats often did. 

1526
01:19:05,700 --> 01:19:09,700
But the Seas teamed with Pirates
Who thrived on ramps and it 

1527
01:19:09,700 --> 01:19:12,500
wasn't long before his ship was 
seized the Pirates. 

1528
01:19:12,500 --> 01:19:15,000
Who captured him expected a 
frightened Roman Aristocrat. 

1529
01:19:15,000 --> 01:19:18,300
Instead they encountered a man 
whose boldness made them 

1530
01:19:18,300 --> 01:19:21,300
question, who truly been 
captured when they demanded a 

1531
01:19:21,300 --> 01:19:25,400
ransom of 20 talents of silver 
Cesar reportedly scoffed that 

1532
01:19:25,400 --> 01:19:28,600
they were under selling him. 
He insisted, they asked for 50. 

1533
01:19:28,600 --> 01:19:32,000
The Pirates, the mused. 
Yet intrigued took his 

1534
01:19:32,000 --> 01:19:36,000
suggestion for several weeks. 
Sees a lived among them waiting 

1535
01:19:36,000 --> 01:19:39,300
for friends to gather the Sun. 
During that time, he treated 

1536
01:19:39,300 --> 01:19:42,100
them as if he were the one in 
charge, ordering them to keep 

1537
01:19:42,100 --> 01:19:45,400
quiet when he slept even 
reciting poems and speeches and 

1538
01:19:45,400 --> 01:19:49,000
telling them to appreciate the 
Artistry or else to the Pirates 

1539
01:19:49,000 --> 01:19:52,500
credit they indulged him. 
Perhaps wondering if they had 

1540
01:19:52,500 --> 01:19:55,600
accidentally kidnapped a 
lunatic, he wasn't simply being 

1541
01:19:55,600 --> 01:19:57,700
arrogant. 
He was displaying confidence and

1542
01:19:57,700 --> 01:20:01,300
unpredictability. 
In a precarious situation, fear 

1543
01:20:01,300 --> 01:20:04,700
can be an exploitable weakness 
by acting as if you were the 

1544
01:20:04,700 --> 01:20:07,500
authority figure. 
Cesar forced the Pirates to 

1545
01:20:07,500 --> 01:20:10,200
respect him or at least treat 
him carefully. 

1546
01:20:11,100 --> 01:20:14,800
When the ransom finally arrived 
and seesaw was freed, he quickly

1547
01:20:14,800 --> 01:20:18,500
organized, a naval Force hunted.
Those same Pirates down and had 

1548
01:20:18,500 --> 01:20:20,800
the crucified. 
It was an act of lethal 

1549
01:20:20,800 --> 01:20:23,600
retribution laced with the 
cunning, that would characterize

1550
01:20:23,600 --> 01:20:26,600
his later campaigns. 
The memory of that Ransom 

1551
01:20:26,600 --> 01:20:29,800
demanded and of Caesar's 
outlandish performance on the 

1552
01:20:29,808 --> 01:20:33,200
Pirates Island helped shape his 
entire approach to dealing with 

1553
01:20:33,200 --> 01:20:37,000
adversaries, dramatic strategic,
and always with an eye to the 

1554
01:20:37,000 --> 01:20:39,100
outcome. 
Back in row. 

1555
01:20:39,100 --> 01:20:42,800
Caesar resumed his climb yet. 
He carried a certain Swagger 

1556
01:20:42,800 --> 01:20:45,400
now. 
A sense that his life was fated 

1557
01:20:45,400 --> 01:20:48,900
for something. 
Extraordinary after all, how 

1558
01:20:48,900 --> 01:20:51,700
many young Roman Nobles had 
stared down, Pirates and lived 

1559
01:20:51,700 --> 01:20:55,000
to spin the tail. 
A political gathering's, people 

1560
01:20:55,000 --> 01:20:58,300
whispered behind their cups of 
wine speculating on whether that

1561
01:20:58,300 --> 01:21:01,100
story was just sees as brand of 
theatrics or pure truth. 

1562
01:21:02,100 --> 01:21:04,400
But it was undeniable that he 
managed to secure enough 

1563
01:21:04,400 --> 01:21:08,400
influence to become a military 
Tribune and soon he was off to 

1564
01:21:08,408 --> 01:21:11,200
gain experience in the provinces
which gave him intimate 

1565
01:21:11,200 --> 01:21:12,900
knowledge of the armies. 
He would one day command. 

1566
01:21:13,900 --> 01:21:16,300
The politics, he left in Rome 
were no less complicated. 

1567
01:21:16,300 --> 01:21:20,200
He forged a delicate packed with
Pompey and own Crassus. 

1568
01:21:20,200 --> 01:21:24,100
Later, known as the first 
triumvirate, this was not a 

1569
01:21:24,100 --> 01:21:27,500
formal institution, but rather a
private handshake that United 

1570
01:21:27,500 --> 01:21:29,300
three men with distinct 
strengths. 

1571
01:21:29,900 --> 01:21:33,800
And his military Prestige 
Caesars, and Caesars political 

1572
01:21:33,800 --> 01:21:36,500
cunning. 
People often assume season, just

1573
01:21:36,500 --> 01:21:39,000
lucked into that Arrangement, 
but it was actually the 

1574
01:21:39,000 --> 01:21:42,200
culmination of countless dinners
private agreements and 

1575
01:21:42,200 --> 01:21:44,900
carefully. 
Bartered favors season you that 

1576
01:21:44,908 --> 01:21:48,000
if he wanted to climb higher, he
needed to bring Rome's big 

1577
01:21:48,000 --> 01:21:50,300
players into his corner at least
temporarily. 

1578
01:21:50,300 --> 01:21:53,800
If that meant moderating, his 
own Ambitions in the short run 

1579
01:21:53,800 --> 01:21:58,000
to secure pompy's trust, do it 
without blinking with their 

1580
01:21:58,000 --> 01:22:01,700
support Cesar aimed for a new 
goal, a position that would not 

1581
01:22:01,700 --> 01:22:05,000
only confirm Prestige but also 
provide him with the chance to 

1582
01:22:05,000 --> 01:22:07,000
broaden his net worth and 
bolster his army. 

1583
01:22:07,000 --> 01:22:10,100
With devoted Soldiers, the 
governorship of hispania 

1584
01:22:10,100 --> 01:22:13,700
ulterior or gold were fortunes 
could be made and reputation. 

1585
01:22:13,700 --> 01:22:17,800
Cemented, seemed ideal Not only 
would it allow him to command 

1586
01:22:17,800 --> 01:22:21,500
armies who would offer a stage 
to Showcase his genius in both 

1587
01:22:21,500 --> 01:22:25,200
Administration and warfare. 
In time, he secured the 

1588
01:22:25,200 --> 01:22:29,600
proconsul ship of Gaul. 
Gaul was vast populated by 

1589
01:22:29,600 --> 01:22:33,400
diverse tribes each with its own
Traditions alliances and 

1590
01:22:33,400 --> 01:22:35,800
grudges. 
Where lesser men might see only 

1591
01:22:35,800 --> 01:22:39,000
a frontier to exploit. 
Caesar saw a chessboard with 

1592
01:22:39,000 --> 01:22:41,800
dozens of moving pieces. 
He relished the challenge. 

1593
01:22:41,800 --> 01:22:44,700
This was after all the man, who 
once calmly dined with 

1594
01:22:44,700 --> 01:22:47,800
kidnappers Gathering Legions 
known for their discipline and 

1595
01:22:47,808 --> 01:22:50,500
grit. 
He departed North determined to 

1596
01:22:50,508 --> 01:22:53,200
do more than just play. 
Caretaker, you wanted to knit, 

1597
01:22:53,200 --> 01:22:56,900
those tribes into Rome sphere of
influence, forging, New Roads 

1598
01:22:56,900 --> 01:23:01,000
and alliances, while showcasing 
Roman Supremacy before he 

1599
01:23:01,000 --> 01:23:03,100
launched significant campaigns 
season. 

1600
01:23:03,100 --> 01:23:06,200
Did his homework, he arranged 
meeting with tribal Chiefs, 

1601
01:23:06,200 --> 01:23:08,900
listening carefully to their 
rivalries and hearing their 

1602
01:23:08,900 --> 01:23:12,300
pleas for Roman protection. 
Was it genuine concern or 

1603
01:23:12,300 --> 01:23:14,800
applied? 
Caesar would wait statement 

1604
01:23:14,800 --> 01:23:18,000
reading not just the words but 
the shifts in tone and I contact

1605
01:23:18,000 --> 01:23:22,400
if he sensed an opportunity like
a tribe longing for revenge on 

1606
01:23:22,408 --> 01:23:25,800
its neighbor, he promised 
support extracting pledges of 

1607
01:23:25,800 --> 01:23:29,100
loyalty in many ways. 
His tactics mirrored, the hush 

1608
01:23:29,100 --> 01:23:32,300
hush, political dealings, he'd 
owned back in Rome only. 

1609
01:23:32,300 --> 01:23:35,300
Now the stakes were measured in 
thousands of soldiers and entire

1610
01:23:35,300 --> 01:23:38,600
territories. 
Yet throughout these Maneuvers 

1611
01:23:38,600 --> 01:23:41,000
season. 
Never lost sight of the Persona 

1612
01:23:41,000 --> 01:23:45,300
he'd cultivated, he was no mere 
bureaucrat, he was that daring 

1613
01:23:45,300 --> 01:23:47,400
Aristocrat who'd outwitted 
Pirates. 

1614
01:23:47,400 --> 01:23:50,800
The dynamic orator who 
electrified the courts and the 

1615
01:23:50,800 --> 01:23:53,800
cunning negotiator who found 
common ground with Pompey and 

1616
01:23:53,800 --> 01:23:57,000
Caesar each success. 
In Gaul was reported back to 

1617
01:23:57,000 --> 01:24:00,700
Rome by a sensational, 
dispatchers, komentaryo so 

1618
01:24:00,700 --> 01:24:04,400
written with Clarity and Flair. 
People in the city devoured 

1619
01:24:04,400 --> 01:24:07,500
them, as if they were tabloid 
headlines, he dramatized his 

1620
01:24:07,500 --> 01:24:09,800
victories, just enough to 
capture the Public's 

1621
01:24:09,800 --> 01:24:12,300
imagination. 
The Senate reading the official 

1622
01:24:12,300 --> 01:24:14,500
versions found himself, both in 
pressed. 

1623
01:24:14,500 --> 01:24:17,600
And where he seesaw was quickly 
becoming too big to ignore. 

1624
01:24:17,600 --> 01:24:21,700
He's initial steps and Gaul some
alliances, struck some small 

1625
01:24:21,700 --> 01:24:25,500
skirmishes, one in boldend him. 
He sensed that if he could bring

1626
01:24:25,500 --> 01:24:28,400
all of Gaul under Roman control,
he'd move from being just 

1627
01:24:28,400 --> 01:24:32,300
another ambitious politician to 
a legendary conqueror, that 

1628
01:24:32,300 --> 01:24:35,100
knowledge spurred him on Cesar 
might have left behind the 

1629
01:24:35,100 --> 01:24:37,800
Pirates who wants to threaten 
him, but the memory of that 

1630
01:24:37,800 --> 01:24:40,500
captivity fueled his hunger for 
absolute control. 

1631
01:24:40,500 --> 01:24:44,400
If he had his way, no one be 
their tribal Chief, or Roman 

1632
01:24:44,400 --> 01:24:47,400
Senator, would ever have the 
power to hold him captive again?

1633
01:24:48,300 --> 01:24:51,300
The gallic wars, the Caesars 
campaigns would come to be 

1634
01:24:51,300 --> 01:24:54,000
called weren't just about 
marching Legions, across fields,

1635
01:24:54,000 --> 01:24:55,500
and building the wooden 
Palisades. 

1636
01:24:55,500 --> 01:24:59,700
They were about psychological 
warfare diplomacy and the 

1637
01:24:59,700 --> 01:25:03,200
cunning exploitation of 
intertribal rivalries Rome's 

1638
01:25:03,200 --> 01:25:06,100
dominance always hung on its 
ability to divide and conquer 

1639
01:25:06,100 --> 01:25:10,800
with Caesar at the helm that 
strategy took on Fresh Nuance in

1640
01:25:10,800 --> 01:25:14,000
the early phases, Caesar 
Consolidated, Roman games by 

1641
01:25:14,000 --> 01:25:16,100
constructing a network of roads 
and fortifications. 

1642
01:25:16,100 --> 01:25:20,300
This was hardly glamorous labor,
Roman soldiers would spend weeks

1643
01:25:20,300 --> 01:25:23,900
hacking through forests and bogs
to erect outposts sometimes 

1644
01:25:23,900 --> 01:25:27,500
under the threat of ambush. 
Yet each New Roman style Fort 

1645
01:25:27,500 --> 01:25:30,300
complete with straight lines and
carefully measured in totals. 

1646
01:25:30,300 --> 01:25:33,900
Sent a message of permanents. 
These were just makeshift 

1647
01:25:33,900 --> 01:25:36,900
Garrison's they were statements.
That Rome had come to stay 

1648
01:25:36,900 --> 01:25:39,300
people. 
Often remember sees his 

1649
01:25:39,300 --> 01:25:42,600
brilliant on the battlefield. 
But his true strength Lane 

1650
01:25:42,600 --> 01:25:46,300
methodical organization. 
He considered Logistics as vital

1651
01:25:46,300 --> 01:25:49,300
as sword and shield the various 
gallic tribes. 

1652
01:25:49,300 --> 01:25:53,000
Watched on easily some rushing 
to see his side of others, 

1653
01:25:53,000 --> 01:25:56,700
forming alliances against him. 
Caesar capitalized on the 

1654
01:25:56,700 --> 01:26:00,500
smallest of Division. 
One Tribe feuded, with another 

1655
01:26:00,500 --> 01:26:04,000
Peter arrived, as a peace, 
broker offering Roman friendship

1656
01:26:04,000 --> 01:26:05,500
and military aid against 
arrival. 

1657
01:26:06,300 --> 01:26:09,200
Soon enough, this tribe would 
find itself bound to Caesar by 

1658
01:26:09,200 --> 01:26:12,300
Mutual benefit, and Shackled by 
Roman expectations. 

1659
01:26:12,300 --> 01:26:15,800
The Brilliance lay in making it 
seem as if the tribe had chosen 

1660
01:26:15,800 --> 01:26:18,700
this path freely. 
Not that Caesars campaign was 

1661
01:26:18,700 --> 01:26:22,100
devoid of Bloodshed certain 
tribes, resisted fiercely, 

1662
01:26:22,100 --> 01:26:26,300
resentful of foreign occupation.
The Belgian in the north, for 

1663
01:26:26,300 --> 01:26:30,000
instance, marshaled, huge forces
that tested Roman discipline, 

1664
01:26:30,000 --> 01:26:34,200
Caesar never squeamish deployed 
tactics to crush resistance. 

1665
01:26:34,200 --> 01:26:38,200
Decisively destroying crops, 
capturing strategic points and 

1666
01:26:38,200 --> 01:26:41,000
sometimes resorting to brutal 
reprisals that sent a chill 

1667
01:26:41,000 --> 01:26:44,400
through neighboring tribes, he 
didn't reveling cruelty for its 

1668
01:26:44,400 --> 01:26:47,500
own sake but he understood the 
Roman tradition of deterrents. 

1669
01:26:48,200 --> 01:26:50,900
Ferocious display could prevent 
a drawn out Rebellion. 

1670
01:26:50,900 --> 01:26:54,600
This approach while effective 
all so laid the seeds for future

1671
01:26:54,600 --> 01:26:59,300
animosity among Fierce Defenders
of gallic Independence, like the

1672
01:26:59,300 --> 01:27:04,100
singer tricks versus who 
recognized that the gallic 

1673
01:27:04,100 --> 01:27:05,700
tribes needed. 
Unity more than ever. 

1674
01:27:05,700 --> 01:27:08,200
He wasn't some hot headed Bandit
chief. 

1675
01:27:08,200 --> 01:27:11,700
He was methodical charismatic 
and had a strategic mind. 

1676
01:27:11,700 --> 01:27:15,200
That could rival Seasons while 
Caesar was off campaigning on 

1677
01:27:15,200 --> 01:27:18,000
another front. 
The sinks rally, disparate 

1678
01:27:18,000 --> 01:27:21,100
tribes under the banner of 
gallic Pride, when Caesar got 

1679
01:27:21,108 --> 01:27:23,800
wind of this resistance, we 
recognized at once that The 

1680
01:27:23,800 --> 01:27:28,300
Kinks was no ordinary adversary.
The typical trick of exploiting 

1681
01:27:28,300 --> 01:27:30,100
old rivalries might not work 
here. 

1682
01:27:30,900 --> 01:27:34,200
The confrontation between Caesar
and the singer torex escalated. 

1683
01:27:34,200 --> 01:27:36,700
Into one of the defining 
struggles of the gallic wars 

1684
01:27:36,700 --> 01:27:39,000
versing. 
Get her ex adopted, a 

1685
01:27:39,000 --> 01:27:41,800
scorched-earth policy 
instructing villages to destroy 

1686
01:27:41,800 --> 01:27:43,600
their own supplies and towns to 
starve. 

1687
01:27:43,600 --> 01:27:46,600
The Roman legion of resources, 
there was a grim strategy 

1688
01:27:46,600 --> 01:27:50,600
burning fields and uprooting 
harvests but it slowed ceases 

1689
01:27:50,600 --> 01:27:53,800
Advanced creating logistical 
nightmares for Roman soldiers. 

1690
01:27:53,800 --> 01:27:56,900
A Customer to living off the 
land for a man who prided 

1691
01:27:56,900 --> 01:27:59,700
himself on controlling every 
variable, Caesar found himself 

1692
01:27:59,700 --> 01:28:01,700
confronting the unpredictable 
Factor. 

1693
01:28:01,700 --> 01:28:05,800
The charismatic, local leader, 
who matched him in cunning still

1694
01:28:05,800 --> 01:28:08,900
Caesar was a master of 
adaptation, recognizing the 

1695
01:28:08,900 --> 01:28:11,400
challenge. 
He can, solidated his troops and

1696
01:28:11,400 --> 01:28:13,400
chose to see galaxies 
strongholds. 

1697
01:28:14,100 --> 01:28:15,600
Most famously. 
He surrounded. 

1698
01:28:15,600 --> 01:28:19,000
The Fortress town of Alesia, 
whoever thinking Torx had taken 

1699
01:28:19,000 --> 01:28:21,100
Refuge with tens of thousands of
Warriors. 

1700
01:28:21,100 --> 01:28:24,900
The seed of Eliza would become a
testament to seize as ability to

1701
01:28:24,900 --> 01:28:27,500
think in layers. 
He constructed a ring of 

1702
01:28:27,500 --> 01:28:29,700
fortifications around the city 
to starve out. 

1703
01:28:29,700 --> 01:28:33,300
Versing a tricks. 
His forces and anticipating a 

1704
01:28:33,300 --> 01:28:37,800
Galaxy, another ring facing 
outwards to protect his Legions,

1705
01:28:37,800 --> 01:28:41,800
from an attack from outside. 
This double fortification was an

1706
01:28:41,800 --> 01:28:45,400
audacious engineering project 
involving miles of ditches, 

1707
01:28:45,400 --> 01:28:49,400
ramparts and watched Towers 
enough to give any modern city. 

1708
01:28:49,400 --> 01:28:53,100
Planner pause. 
The days wore on under a 

1709
01:28:53,100 --> 01:28:57,200
Relentless Sun, the besieged 
goals inside Alicia ran short of

1710
01:28:57,200 --> 01:29:00,400
food women and children were 
turned out of the Fortress. 

1711
01:29:00,400 --> 01:29:04,000
Hoping, for Mercy, only to be 
left stranded between the city 

1712
01:29:04,000 --> 01:29:08,200
walls and the Roman lines. 
Meanwhile, a massive relief, 

1713
01:29:08,200 --> 01:29:11,900
force of various gallic tribes 
arrived, attempting to break, 

1714
01:29:11,900 --> 01:29:15,500
season's outer defenses. 
During one critical night, 

1715
01:29:15,500 --> 01:29:18,300
seemed Rome might collapse under
the weight of the onslaught 

1716
01:29:18,300 --> 01:29:21,100
Caesar himself. 
Rallied, his men darting from 

1717
01:29:21,100 --> 01:29:25,400
post to post newer Feliz, was 
released could unite behind 

1718
01:29:25,400 --> 01:29:27,200
verse and get wrecks and 
Seasons. 

1719
01:29:27,200 --> 01:29:30,400
Entire campaign might unravel 
the game's for Middle odds. 

1720
01:29:30,400 --> 01:29:34,500
The Roman Reigns held exhausted 
from repeated attacks and 

1721
01:29:34,500 --> 01:29:37,800
lacking a coherent strategy. 
The relief Force finally broke 

1722
01:29:37,800 --> 01:29:42,100
inside Elysia with surprise gone
in to morale chattered 

1723
01:29:42,100 --> 01:29:46,300
surrendered. 
The site of the defiant gallic, 

1724
01:29:46,300 --> 01:29:49,000
Chieftain handing over his 
weapons underscore the Turning 

1725
01:29:49,000 --> 01:29:53,100
Point Rome had asserted, its 
dominance and Caesar stood at 

1726
01:29:53,100 --> 01:29:56,900
the Pinnacle of Victory yet, for
all the glory, the end of The 

1727
01:29:56,900 --> 01:29:59,700
Siege left many goals and 
bittered Caesar might have 

1728
01:29:59,708 --> 01:30:02,800
pacified the region, but a 
smoldering resentment would 

1729
01:30:02,800 --> 01:30:05,000
eventually Lurch in the official
peace treaties. 

1730
01:30:05,000 --> 01:30:09,500
When Is a return to Rome. 
He was hailed as a hero, his 

1731
01:30:09,500 --> 01:30:12,000
campaigns and Gaul had 
quadrupled, roams domain and 

1732
01:30:12,000 --> 01:30:14,900
filled the Republic's coffers 
with newly conquered 

1733
01:30:14,900 --> 01:30:17,300
territories. 
The senator awarded him. 

1734
01:30:17,300 --> 01:30:19,700
Grant triumphs parades were 
caged. 

1735
01:30:19,700 --> 01:30:22,900
Prisoners Walked In Chains and 
the crowd roared with delight. 

1736
01:30:23,600 --> 01:30:26,600
in these processions, Caesar's 
name became synonymous with 

1737
01:30:26,600 --> 01:30:30,300
military genius and Roman might 
yet the very success that 

1738
01:30:30,300 --> 01:30:33,400
elevated him threatened to 
unbalance the precarious 

1739
01:30:33,400 --> 01:30:37,100
political framework in Rome men 
like Pompey and Crassus. 

1740
01:30:37,100 --> 01:30:41,000
Once his allies couldn't help 
but feel overshadowed by the 

1741
01:30:41,000 --> 01:30:44,800
sheer magnitude of Seasons Chief
movements, the Old Guard in the 

1742
01:30:44,808 --> 01:30:47,500
Senate, grew uneasy. 
They murdered that sees as 

1743
01:30:47,500 --> 01:30:51,300
ambition was too large for the 
Republic even allies wondered if

1744
01:30:51,300 --> 01:30:53,700
they could remain relevant 
while, seasoned up the glory. 

1745
01:30:54,600 --> 01:30:57,600
Caesar for his part believed. 
He had only just begun his 

1746
01:30:57,600 --> 01:30:59,500
vision extended Beyond The 
Spoils of Gaul. 

1747
01:30:59,500 --> 01:31:03,700
He wanted to transform Rome 
itself Carve out a position 

1748
01:31:03,700 --> 01:31:06,700
where no single factional rival 
could stifle him. 

1749
01:31:06,700 --> 01:31:11,300
Again, this set the stage for an
inevitable Clash Caesars 

1750
01:31:11,300 --> 01:31:13,800
Maneuvers and Gaul while 
triumphant, but also sown 

1751
01:31:13,800 --> 01:31:16,100
suspicion and envy and 
suspicion. 

1752
01:31:16,100 --> 01:31:20,000
And Envy in Rome often led to 
Civil War assassinations and 

1753
01:31:20,000 --> 01:31:24,800
chaos but if Caesar was worried,
he Fresh from the greatest 

1754
01:31:24,800 --> 01:31:26,900
victory of his career. 
He was welcomed like a 

1755
01:31:26,908 --> 01:31:29,500
Conquering Hero. 
He stepped onto the marble 

1756
01:31:29,500 --> 01:31:31,300
streets of Rome with a 
confidence forged in The 

1757
01:31:31,308 --> 01:31:35,500
Crucible of countless battles. 
The final The uneasy Alliance of

1758
01:31:35,500 --> 01:31:39,100
Pompey, Crassus and Caesar often
called. 

1759
01:31:39,100 --> 01:31:42,300
The first triumvirate had always
been a marriage of convenience, 

1760
01:31:43,600 --> 01:31:47,200
each man saw it as a tool to 
secure power, but once Caesar's 

1761
01:31:47,200 --> 01:31:49,500
gallic conquests made him the 
darling of the masses. 

1762
01:31:49,500 --> 01:31:52,600
Resentment began to simmer 
Pompeii. 

1763
01:31:52,600 --> 01:31:55,600
Roams, previous Superstar, 
General noticed, public 

1764
01:31:55,600 --> 01:32:00,700
attention drifting from him to 
seize her Asus tragic end in an 

1765
01:32:00,700 --> 01:32:04,100
ill-advised campaign against the
parthians leaving, Caesar and 

1766
01:32:04,100 --> 01:32:06,400
Pompey as the two principal 
contenders for the heart of 

1767
01:32:06,400 --> 01:32:08,900
Rome. 
An undercurrent of tension. 

1768
01:32:08,900 --> 01:32:12,300
Now, pulse through the city 
Senators whispered in corridors 

1769
01:32:12,300 --> 01:32:15,900
choosing side's Pompey, cozied 
up to conservative fashions in 

1770
01:32:15,900 --> 01:32:18,600
the Senate, who viewed Caesar as
a threat to the old Republican 

1771
01:32:18,600 --> 01:32:22,100
system, Caesar still away in 
Gaul understood. 

1772
01:32:22,100 --> 01:32:24,500
He would need to solidify his 
position back home soon. 

1773
01:32:25,300 --> 01:32:28,500
The term of his governorship was
drawing to a close and if he 

1774
01:32:28,500 --> 01:32:31,200
returned to Rome merely as a 
private citizen, his enemies 

1775
01:32:31,200 --> 01:32:34,200
could bring him to trial for 
various alleged misdeeds and 

1776
01:32:34,200 --> 01:32:35,900
effectively end his political 
career. 

1777
01:32:36,700 --> 01:32:39,300
His solution. 
He demanded to run for console 

1778
01:32:39,300 --> 01:32:41,900
In Absentia. 
Seeking an extension of the 

1779
01:32:41,900 --> 01:32:45,700
immunity and power he held as 
proconsul, the Senate refused 

1780
01:32:45,700 --> 01:32:48,000
with Pompey, supporting that 
refusal. 

1781
01:32:48,000 --> 01:32:52,100
This was the point of no return.
Caesar stood at the banks of the

1782
01:32:52,100 --> 01:32:55,400
Rubicon river, the boundary 
Beyond which laterally proper 

1783
01:32:55,400 --> 01:32:59,100
Roman law was crystal clear? 
No. 

1784
01:32:59,100 --> 01:33:02,600
General was allowed to bring his
army into Italy, to do so 

1785
01:33:02,600 --> 01:33:05,800
amounted, to a declaration of 
war on a Winter's Night. 

1786
01:33:05,800 --> 01:33:10,200
In 49, BCE sees are made his 
choice marched across the 

1787
01:33:10,200 --> 01:33:13,800
Rubicon. 
Uttering the phrase Alea SST, 

1788
01:33:13,800 --> 01:33:17,000
the die is cast, if the 
anecdotes hold any truth 

1789
01:33:17,800 --> 01:33:21,500
Overnight Rome system of 
alliances shattered, the Civil 

1790
01:33:21,500 --> 01:33:24,100
War had begun Pompey and many 
senators. 

1791
01:33:24,100 --> 01:33:25,900
Fled Rome to gather forces in 
the East. 

1792
01:33:25,900 --> 01:33:28,900
Confident, they'd must armies 
far greater than Caesars. 

1793
01:33:28,900 --> 01:33:31,700
They had the backing of 
traditional Elites wealthy 

1794
01:33:31,700 --> 01:33:35,300
provinces, and they believed 
time on their side. 

1795
01:33:35,300 --> 01:33:38,000
Caesar, however, wasn't known 
for cautious delay. 

1796
01:33:38,000 --> 01:33:42,100
He pressed forward Breakneck 
speed towns and cities along the

1797
01:33:42,100 --> 01:33:45,100
way, open their Gates, some out 
of admiration, for Caesar 

1798
01:33:45,100 --> 01:33:48,800
others, out of fear, He 
Unstoppable, momentum. 

1799
01:33:48,800 --> 01:33:52,300
Took Pompey by surprise, forcing
him to evacuate Italy, 

1800
01:33:52,300 --> 01:33:56,500
altogether, Caesar entered Rome 
on opposed, but taking Rome was 

1801
01:33:56,508 --> 01:33:58,800
just the beginning. 
The real challenge was 

1802
01:33:58,800 --> 01:34:02,100
confronting pompey's Legions, 
which were regrouping in Greece,

1803
01:34:02,100 --> 01:34:05,800
Caesar leaving a minimal 
Garrison behind sailed across 

1804
01:34:05,800 --> 01:34:07,500
the Adriatic to chase, down his 
rival. 

1805
01:34:07,500 --> 01:34:11,300
He was a frantic race. 
Both men vying for resources and

1806
01:34:11,300 --> 01:34:14,500
key strategic points. 
Season's forces were often 

1807
01:34:14,500 --> 01:34:17,900
outnumbered pompei's alliances 
spanned vast portions of the 

1808
01:34:17,900 --> 01:34:20,700
Republic. 
Yes, Caesar leveraged speed, 

1809
01:34:20,700 --> 01:34:23,600
surprise. 
And the Loyalty, he don't, from 

1810
01:34:23,600 --> 01:34:27,100
Legions, who'd fought alongside 
him in Gaul battles erupted 

1811
01:34:27,100 --> 01:34:29,700
across multiple theaters, Spain,
Africa. 

1812
01:34:29,700 --> 01:34:33,300
And ultimately, The Plains of 
fossilis in Greece, the Battle 

1813
01:34:33,300 --> 01:34:37,700
of fastest, in 48 BC, became a 
defining moment, Pompey, 

1814
01:34:37,700 --> 01:34:41,000
confident, in his Superior 
numbers, formed, a traditional 

1815
01:34:41,000 --> 01:34:43,400
line and anticipating a swift 
Victory. 

1816
01:34:43,400 --> 01:34:47,400
Caesar outmanned, arranged a 
reserve line of cohort. 

1817
01:34:47,500 --> 01:34:49,100
Behind his Cavalry on the right 
flank. 

1818
01:34:49,100 --> 01:34:52,400
Anticipating pompeys Horsemen 
would try to envelop him. 

1819
01:34:53,300 --> 01:34:56,800
When the Cavalry Clash began 
sees as hidden cohorts surged 

1820
01:34:56,800 --> 01:35:00,500
forward, routing pompey's 
Cavalry this triggered a domino 

1821
01:35:00,500 --> 01:35:03,500
effect pompei's infantry. 
Once they saw the Cavalry in 

1822
01:35:03,500 --> 01:35:07,800
Flight lost cohesion, Caesar's 
Legions, hardened by years of 

1823
01:35:07,800 --> 01:35:10,100
Frontier Warfare exploited every
Gap. 

1824
01:35:10,100 --> 01:35:14,600
It was a massacre escaped, but 
the cycle damage was done. 

1825
01:35:15,300 --> 01:35:17,400
Men who had once sworn loyalty 
to Pompey. 

1826
01:35:17,400 --> 01:35:21,300
Began to slip away, or switch 
sides, sensing the tides of 

1827
01:35:21,308 --> 01:35:25,400
fated, turned poppy fled to 
Egypt, hoping to regroup. 

1828
01:35:25,400 --> 01:35:30,600
But the ptolemaic officials came
to a pcsa for trade Hit on his 

1829
01:35:30,600 --> 01:35:34,700
arrival Pompey, was assassinated
his head presented as a Caesar 

1830
01:35:34,700 --> 01:35:37,900
as a perverse gift. 
Caesar was horrified despite 

1831
01:35:37,900 --> 01:35:40,900
their rivalry Pompey. 
Had once been his son-in-law 

1832
01:35:40,900 --> 01:35:43,000
Caesar's daughter. 
Julia had been married to 

1833
01:35:43,000 --> 01:35:45,600
Pompey. 
Caesar publicly wept at the 

1834
01:35:45,600 --> 01:35:48,800
sight of Pompey, severed head, 
then ordered the execution of 

1835
01:35:48,800 --> 01:35:50,400
the men responsible for the 
Betrayal. 

1836
01:35:51,200 --> 01:35:54,800
This act, conveyed, a message, 
Caesar might be ruthless but he 

1837
01:35:54,800 --> 01:35:57,700
upheld the Dignity of Roman 
nobility and detested dishonor 

1838
01:35:57,700 --> 01:36:00,200
Egypt. 
However, offered its own 

1839
01:36:00,200 --> 01:36:03,900
elaborate of politics Cleopatra,
and her brother Ptolemy were 

1840
01:36:03,900 --> 01:36:07,200
locked in a power struggle. 
Caesar, now the most influential

1841
01:36:07,200 --> 01:36:09,700
Roman into the region, found 
himself arbitrating their 

1842
01:36:09,700 --> 01:36:12,400
dispute Cleopatra saw an 
opportunity. 

1843
01:36:13,500 --> 01:36:16,900
She smuggled herself into 
Caesar's presence in a carpet. 

1844
01:36:16,900 --> 01:36:20,500
So, the story goes in Charmed 
him with her intellect wit and 

1845
01:36:20,500 --> 01:36:24,100
Grand Vision for each Egypt, 
Caesar never want to resist or 

1846
01:36:24,100 --> 01:36:26,700
Dashi or intelligent sided with 
Cleopatra. 

1847
01:36:28,000 --> 01:36:31,800
The pack and solidated Power in 
Alexandria defeating ptolemies 

1848
01:36:31,800 --> 01:36:34,200
forces and installing Cleopatra 
as Queen. 

1849
01:36:35,000 --> 01:36:36,600
Their liaison was more than 
romantic. 

1850
01:36:36,600 --> 01:36:39,900
It was a strategic Alliance that
gave Caesar access to Egypt's 

1851
01:36:39,900 --> 01:36:41,500
wealth. 
While securing Cleopatra's 

1852
01:36:41,500 --> 01:36:44,100
throne. 
Rome watched these events with 

1853
01:36:44,100 --> 01:36:47,400
Fascination and growing anxiety.
Caesar was off. 

1854
01:36:47,400 --> 01:36:50,300
Forging alliances and fathering 
a child with a foreign Queen, 

1855
01:36:50,300 --> 01:36:53,500
Caesarean while Italy braced for
whatever came next. 

1856
01:36:54,500 --> 01:36:57,500
Though pompy was dead segments 
of the Roman Republic. 

1857
01:36:57,500 --> 01:37:01,200
Still resisted Caesar's rule. 
Caesar marched on quelling 

1858
01:37:01,200 --> 01:37:04,300
resistance in Asia Minor with 
such speed that he famously 

1859
01:37:04,300 --> 01:37:10,000
declared vaini Vicky. 
I came I saw I conquered then he

1860
01:37:10,000 --> 01:37:13,800
headed to Africa clashing with 
remaining Pompeii and forces and

1861
01:37:13,800 --> 01:37:18,800
eventually subduing them. 
By 45 BC, Caesar stood 

1862
01:37:18,800 --> 01:37:20,700
unchallenged as Rome was 
Paramount leader. 

1863
01:37:21,500 --> 01:37:24,300
The Senate, most of whose 
members owed him, their lives or

1864
01:37:24,300 --> 01:37:27,800
careers filled his hands with 
powers that stretch the limits 

1865
01:37:27,800 --> 01:37:30,800
of Rome's Traditions. 
He was named dictator for 10 

1866
01:37:30,800 --> 01:37:33,000
years eventually dictator for 
life. 

1867
01:37:33,700 --> 01:37:37,000
Some called it a tyranny. 
Caesar for his part claimed. 

1868
01:37:37,000 --> 01:37:40,500
He was trying to restore order. 
He enacted sweeping reforms 

1869
01:37:40,500 --> 01:37:44,200
revising, the Callender into the
Julian model, restructuring 

1870
01:37:44,200 --> 01:37:48,500
debts, Expanding the Senate 
granting citizenship to Loyal 

1871
01:37:48,500 --> 01:37:51,500
allies and distant provinces and
planning, massive building 

1872
01:37:51,500 --> 01:37:53,600
projects that aim to beautify 
the city. 

1873
01:37:53,600 --> 01:37:57,700
He also introduced social 
measures like Distributing land 

1874
01:37:57,700 --> 01:38:01,100
to veterans in these moves, 
Caesar walked to tightrope. 

1875
01:38:01,100 --> 01:38:04,400
Consolidating, power while 
giving just enough to the masses

1876
01:38:04,400 --> 01:38:07,800
and Senate to keep them largely 
compliant, but something in the 

1877
01:38:07,800 --> 01:38:11,600
Roman psyche, chafed at one-man 
rule Rome prided itself on 

1878
01:38:11,600 --> 01:38:15,200
hating Kings, their entire 
identity was built around a 

1879
01:38:15,200 --> 01:38:17,500
republic. 
Even if that Republic was often 

1880
01:38:17,500 --> 01:38:21,200
manipulated by the powerful 
Seasons acceptance of lavish 

1881
01:38:21,200 --> 01:38:24,700
honors and his centralization of
power made some worry that he 

1882
01:38:24,700 --> 01:38:27,500
sought to Crown himself. 
Others found him dangerously 

1883
01:38:27,500 --> 01:38:31,400
modern someone who might change 
roam beyond recognition and 

1884
01:38:31,400 --> 01:38:33,900
behind Caesar's Unstoppable. 
Force layer. 

1885
01:38:33,900 --> 01:38:37,300
Silent question was the Republic
just to Stage for one man's 

1886
01:38:37,300 --> 01:38:39,100
ambition? 
Or could it endure? 

1887
01:38:39,100 --> 01:38:41,800
When Caesar finally returned to 
Roman Triumph? 

1888
01:38:41,800 --> 01:38:45,200
The city was a buzz with rumors 
and festivals the war still. 

1889
01:38:45,300 --> 01:38:48,500
Simmered in the distant corners 
of the Republic, Caesar's 

1890
01:38:48,500 --> 01:38:51,700
personal, magnetism and the 
promise of stability temporarily

1891
01:38:51,700 --> 01:38:54,300
silenced. 
Most discontent, the 

1892
01:38:54,300 --> 01:38:57,700
orchestrated spectacular, public
games, and feasts showering. 

1893
01:38:57,700 --> 01:39:01,200
The populace with free grain 
statues and monuments sprang up 

1894
01:39:01,200 --> 01:39:03,800
in his honor. 
Yet beneath the gleaming facade,

1895
01:39:03,800 --> 01:39:06,800
the core of Roman tradition. 
Those Unwritten rules guarding 

1896
01:39:06,800 --> 01:39:09,900
through Republic from monarchy 
felt under siege. 

1897
01:39:09,900 --> 01:39:12,500
One example of Caesar's Larger 
than Life. 

1898
01:39:12,500 --> 01:39:15,800
Persona was his attempt to 
reshape the calendar, which was 

1899
01:39:15,800 --> 01:39:18,600
no small matter. 
In Rome, the old lunar calendar 

1900
01:39:18,600 --> 01:39:22,000
had become hopelessly misaligned
with the seasons creating 

1901
01:39:22,000 --> 01:39:25,700
confusion in festivals and Civic
life, Caesar advised by 

1902
01:39:25,700 --> 01:39:28,000
astronomers including sausage of
Alexandria. 

1903
01:39:28,000 --> 01:39:32,300
Introduced the Julian calendar, 
a solar base system with a leap 

1904
01:39:32,300 --> 01:39:34,800
year cycle. 
This was a major administrative 

1905
01:39:34,800 --> 01:39:36,800
reform that didn't just tidy 
update. 

1906
01:39:36,800 --> 01:39:40,300
It demonstrated Caesar's 
willingness to override 

1907
01:39:40,300 --> 01:39:42,400
centuries of practice. 
If he believed he had a better 

1908
01:39:42,408 --> 01:39:45,100
way. 
People Marvel at the clarity of 

1909
01:39:45,100 --> 01:39:48,600
the new calendar offered, but 
the, if Caesar could reorder 

1910
01:39:48,600 --> 01:39:52,700
time itself, what else might he 
feel entitled to reorder in 

1911
01:39:52,700 --> 01:39:56,400
poured money into construction 
under sees his Direction, new 

1912
01:39:56,400 --> 01:39:58,900
building's temples and public 
spaces? 

1913
01:39:58,900 --> 01:40:01,400
Sprouted symbolizing a Rome 
reborn. 

1914
01:40:02,400 --> 01:40:06,100
The form, grew more magnificent.
He commissioned Grand projects 

1915
01:40:06,100 --> 01:40:09,000
that not only beautify the city,
but gave work to thousands of 

1916
01:40:09,000 --> 01:40:12,200
laborers, elevating Caesar's 
popularity, among the common 

1917
01:40:12,200 --> 01:40:16,400
folk at the same time, expanded 
the Senate from roughly 600 to 

1918
01:40:16,408 --> 01:40:20,600
as many as 900 members, adding 
allies from the provinces and 

1919
01:40:20,600 --> 01:40:23,400
diluting the power of the older 
aristocratic families. 

1920
01:40:23,400 --> 01:40:27,300
Some saw this as an inclusive 
move, broadening representation 

1921
01:40:27,300 --> 01:40:30,900
within the Roman State, others 
viewed it as an egregious, power

1922
01:40:30,900 --> 01:40:34,800
play for Caesar to stack the 
Senate with loyalists who owed 

1923
01:40:34,800 --> 01:40:38,200
their positions, to him alone. 
All these changes stirred. 

1924
01:40:38,200 --> 01:40:41,100
The question was Caesar still 
just a leading citizen? 

1925
01:40:41,100 --> 01:40:43,600
Or was he inching toward King 
ship? 

1926
01:40:44,400 --> 01:40:46,800
Rome had a cultural aversion to 
the very word. 

1927
01:40:46,800 --> 01:40:50,500
Rex King Generations. 
Were taught that their ancestors

1928
01:40:50,500 --> 01:40:53,900
had exiled the last, Roman King,
and vowed never to Neil before 

1929
01:40:53,900 --> 01:40:56,400
another. 
So when statues of Caesar began 

1930
01:40:56,400 --> 01:40:59,800
appearing in public places, 
crowned, with dire dams, some 

1931
01:40:59,800 --> 01:41:02,500
citizens, felt a chill Caesar 
claimed. 

1932
01:41:02,500 --> 01:41:05,700
These were tokens of respect 
from admirers, not Declaration 

1933
01:41:05,700 --> 01:41:09,000
of monarchy butts. 
Lingard at a public Festival, 

1934
01:41:09,000 --> 01:41:12,500
Marcus Antonius, a favorite 
left-handed, attempted to place 

1935
01:41:12,500 --> 01:41:16,600
a diet on season's head season 
dramatically refused stating. 

1936
01:41:16,600 --> 01:41:19,000
Only Jupiter is King of the 
Romans. 

1937
01:41:20,000 --> 01:41:21,800
But the crowds reaction was 
mixed. 

1938
01:41:22,600 --> 01:41:26,200
Some cheered, his refusal, 
others suspected, a theatrical 

1939
01:41:26,200 --> 01:41:29,200
performance designed to test 
public opinion on a monarchy. 

1940
01:41:29,200 --> 01:41:32,400
The dissonance grew sharper as 
Caesar took on the title 

1941
01:41:32,400 --> 01:41:37,400
dictator for life. 
In theory, the dictator in Roman

1942
01:41:37,408 --> 01:41:40,700
history was an emergency measure
appointed for six months in 

1943
01:41:40,700 --> 01:41:44,100
times of dire threat and then 
required to relinquish power. 

1944
01:41:45,000 --> 01:41:48,600
Like extending this temporary 
position indefinitely, Caesar 

1945
01:41:48,600 --> 01:41:50,200
strained. 
The very definitions of Roman 

1946
01:41:50,200 --> 01:41:53,100
governance. 
His supporters insisted Roman 

1947
01:41:53,100 --> 01:41:55,200
needed strongly leadership. 
Give all the unrest. 

1948
01:41:55,900 --> 01:41:58,300
But his critics argued, that 
Caesar was snuffing out, the 

1949
01:41:58,300 --> 01:42:01,700
Republican Flame. 
Seeds of conspiracy began to 

1950
01:42:01,700 --> 01:42:05,000
sprout Senators, who longed for 
a return, to the old order. 

1951
01:42:05,000 --> 01:42:09,400
Such as gas, Cassius, longinus, 
and Marcus Junius Brutus, 

1952
01:42:09,400 --> 01:42:13,800
started meeting discreetly. 
Brutus stood out, he descended 

1953
01:42:13,800 --> 01:42:17,500
from Lucius Junius Brutus the 
fabled founder of the Republic 

1954
01:42:17,500 --> 01:42:21,000
who drove out the ancient King's
Caesar had shown Brutus 

1955
01:42:21,000 --> 01:42:24,600
remarkable favor, even rumored 
to have paternal affection for 

1956
01:42:24,600 --> 01:42:27,200
him. 
Yet this complicated bond in, 

1957
01:42:27,200 --> 01:42:31,000
stifle brutus's conviction that 
sees as power threatened, the 

1958
01:42:31,000 --> 01:42:34,700
Republic's core values. 
Cassius a cunning figure with a 

1959
01:42:34,700 --> 01:42:38,400
far darker Edge, found the 
Flames, reminding Brutus of his 

1960
01:42:38,408 --> 01:42:42,300
ancestors Legacy and the sacred 
duty to protect Rome from a 

1961
01:42:42,300 --> 01:42:45,300
tyrant. 
Meanwhile, Caesar seemed to 

1962
01:42:45,308 --> 01:42:49,400
sense an undercurrent of danger.
He went about with guards, but 

1963
01:42:49,400 --> 01:42:51,500
he also believed that living in 
constant fear. 

1964
01:42:51,500 --> 01:42:55,500
Would diminish his stature on 
the surface, he continued 

1965
01:42:55,500 --> 01:42:58,800
orchestrating elaborate plans. 
He was preparing a massive 

1966
01:42:58,800 --> 01:43:02,400
campaign against Parthia in the 
East and tending to surpass even

1967
01:43:02,400 --> 01:43:07,100
puppies conquests returning to 
Rome from that Victory, Caesar 

1968
01:43:07,100 --> 01:43:10,100
likely envisioned a final 
consolidation of power and 

1969
01:43:10,100 --> 01:43:13,200
unassailable. 
Legacy his mind overflowed with 

1970
01:43:13,200 --> 01:43:16,700
new ideas for governance, law 
codes and expansion of citizens 

1971
01:43:16,700 --> 01:43:19,200
rights. 
He can find it in close allies 

1972
01:43:19,200 --> 01:43:22,000
that his rule would transform 
roam into a cohesive Empire, 

1973
01:43:22,000 --> 01:43:24,600
rather than a loose 
Confederation of territories. 

1974
01:43:25,700 --> 01:43:28,300
Yet those grand Visions. 
Collided, with the simmering 

1975
01:43:28,300 --> 01:43:31,100
resentment of the senatorial 
class, many of them. 

1976
01:43:31,100 --> 01:43:34,400
Had gone along with Caesar out 
of pragmatism biting their time 

1977
01:43:34,400 --> 01:43:36,400
waiting for a chance to assert 
the old ways. 

1978
01:43:36,400 --> 01:43:39,400
They resented. 
How Caesars reforms undermine 

1979
01:43:39,400 --> 01:43:42,600
their Prestige, how is populist 
measures made the people less 

1980
01:43:42,600 --> 01:43:46,200
reliant on senatorial patreons, 
Some conspirators. 

1981
01:43:46,200 --> 01:43:49,300
Hope to reinstate a pure public 
with limited terms of office and

1982
01:43:49,300 --> 01:43:52,900
can be fully balanced Powers. 
Others simply wanted Caesar gone

1983
01:43:52,900 --> 01:43:55,900
viewing him as an existential 
threat to their personal 

1984
01:43:55,900 --> 01:43:58,600
standing. 
So as Caesar walked, the marble 

1985
01:43:58,600 --> 01:44:02,100
floors of the curia, conferring 
with Senators, not all who 

1986
01:44:02,100 --> 01:44:03,800
greeted him warmly were true 
allies. 

1987
01:44:03,800 --> 01:44:07,300
The facade of unity was just 
that facade. 

1988
01:44:08,000 --> 01:44:11,200
Whispers circulated about the 
Ides of March, a date. 

1989
01:44:11,200 --> 01:44:15,000
The conspirators had marked as 
pivotal Caesar distracted by 

1990
01:44:15,000 --> 01:44:16,800
preparations for upcoming 
campaigns. 

1991
01:44:16,800 --> 01:44:20,300
Either dismissed or downplayed 
the signs of looming treachery. 

1992
01:44:20,300 --> 01:44:24,300
He was after all Julius. 
Caesar the man who escaped 

1993
01:44:24,300 --> 01:44:27,700
Pirates conquered, Gaul and 
overcame Pompey. 

1994
01:44:28,500 --> 01:44:31,900
To hear him fear was a cage. 
He refused to live in to the 

1995
01:44:31,908 --> 01:44:34,600
conspirators. 
His confidence was both an 

1996
01:44:34,600 --> 01:44:38,100
insult and an opportunity. 
The stage was set in all of Rome

1997
01:44:38,100 --> 01:44:41,300
felt the tension in the air. 
The days, leading up to the Ides

1998
01:44:41,300 --> 01:44:45,100
of March had a strange energy in
Rome Senators bustled about with

1999
01:44:45,100 --> 01:44:47,900
Force Smiles. 
While scribes noted, a flurry of

2000
01:44:47,900 --> 01:44:51,100
edicts and proposals Seas rain 
to finalize before departing on 

2001
01:44:51,100 --> 01:44:54,800
campaign Craftsman, labored on 
uni, commissioned statues and 

2002
01:44:54,800 --> 01:44:56,900
inscriptions, praising Caesars 
achievements. 

2003
01:44:57,600 --> 01:45:01,700
Meanwhile, anxious Whispers seek
through the city, swirling in 

2004
01:45:01,700 --> 01:45:05,000
the Smoky corners of taverns and
the hush of aristocratic dinner 

2005
01:45:05,000 --> 01:45:07,400
parties. 
Caesar himself oscillated 

2006
01:45:07,400 --> 01:45:10,200
between excitement for his 
parthian expedition and vague 

2007
01:45:10,200 --> 01:45:13,000
apprehension. 
Omens were a big deal in Roman 

2008
01:45:13,000 --> 01:45:15,900
society and several odd 
occurrences had stoked. 

2009
01:45:15,900 --> 01:45:20,100
Superstitions reports of strange
lights in the sky or a 

2010
01:45:20,100 --> 01:45:23,500
soothsayer who warned Caesar to 
aware The Ides of March. 

2011
01:45:24,400 --> 01:45:27,100
Caesar rational yet not entirely
dismissive of command. 

2012
01:45:27,100 --> 01:45:30,300
All Greece, seemed torn between 
curiosity and disbelief. 

2013
01:45:30,300 --> 01:45:34,000
Joked about the warnings telling
Friends, The Ides of March at 

2014
01:45:34,000 --> 01:45:37,700
nothing had happened yet. 
But behind the leverty, hints of

2015
01:45:37,708 --> 01:45:40,300
caution surface. 
He was known to have shared 

2016
01:45:40,300 --> 01:45:44,300
concerns with Calpurnia. 
His wife who begged him on to be

2017
01:45:44,308 --> 01:45:48,900
vigilant a conspiracy gained. 
Momentum, Cassius worked 

2018
01:45:48,900 --> 01:45:52,700
tirelessly approaching Senators,
who felt displaced by Caesar's 

2019
01:45:52,700 --> 01:45:56,000
sweeping reforms or Who Bore 
personal grudges persuading 

2020
01:45:56,000 --> 01:45:58,400
Brutus. 
Had been the Lynch pin, brutus's

2021
01:45:58,400 --> 01:46:01,500
moral standing and family Legacy
offered a veneer of honor to 

2022
01:46:01,500 --> 01:46:03,500
what might otherwise look like a
naked Power. 

2023
01:46:03,500 --> 01:46:07,300
Grab with Brutus on board, 
recruiting others became easier.

2024
01:46:07,300 --> 01:46:09,700
Each conspirator had different 
reasons. 

2025
01:46:09,700 --> 01:46:13,000
Some claimed to fight for the 
Republicans others, sought 

2026
01:46:13,000 --> 01:46:16,100
personal gain or Revenge. 
Yet the United under, a single 

2027
01:46:16,100 --> 01:46:18,800
dramatic resolution Caesar must 
be removed. 

2028
01:46:18,800 --> 01:46:22,100
One version of their plan 
involved, attacking Caesar 

2029
01:46:22,100 --> 01:46:24,300
during a senate session when he 
would be relative. 

2030
01:46:24,500 --> 01:46:28,200
Guarded in theory, the presence 
of so many senators. 

2031
01:46:28,200 --> 01:46:31,800
Served as a public Shield Caesar
wouldn't expect a mass attack in

2032
01:46:31,800 --> 01:46:35,000
the heart of Roman governance. 
The conspirators also believe 

2033
01:46:35,000 --> 01:46:37,400
that once the deed was done, 
they can Proclaim themselves 

2034
01:46:37,400 --> 01:46:41,000
Defenders of Liberty summoning, 
the people to restore Republican

2035
01:46:41,000 --> 01:46:44,100
ideals despite the risk. 
None could deny the plans or 

2036
01:46:44,100 --> 01:46:47,400
dacious Simplicity the Senate 
meeting on the Ides of March, 

2037
01:46:47,400 --> 01:46:49,000
beckoned like a Grimmer 
appointment. 

2038
01:46:50,100 --> 01:46:54,200
The morning of the Ides, arrived
Calpurnia shaken, by nightmares 

2039
01:46:54,200 --> 01:46:58,700
implored season, not to go, some
historians claim, she dreamed of

2040
01:46:58,700 --> 01:47:02,200
a statue of Caesar spouting 
blood of him lying slain In Her 

2041
01:47:02,200 --> 01:47:05,500
Arms. 
Moved by her distress, Caesar 

2042
01:47:05,500 --> 01:47:09,000
initially, decided to stay home.
Possibly rescheduling the Senate

2043
01:47:09,000 --> 01:47:11,400
session. 
At 11 could have altered history

2044
01:47:11,400 --> 01:47:15,400
but the conspirators panicked 
when they had not come he 

2045
01:47:15,400 --> 01:47:19,200
dispatched Decimus Brutus. 
No relation to Mark as Brutus 

2046
01:47:19,200 --> 01:47:22,400
but another close Ally to 
persuade, Caesar Decimus, 

2047
01:47:22,400 --> 01:47:25,100
fainted concerned, Caesar would 
insult, the Senate by his 

2048
01:47:25,100 --> 01:47:28,200
absence diminishing, his 
standing right before his Grand 

2049
01:47:28,200 --> 01:47:32,100
campaign. 
So despite calpurnia's please, 

2050
01:47:32,100 --> 01:47:36,500
Caesar relented, Don his sermon 
onion, toga, and left for the 

2051
01:47:36,500 --> 01:47:39,100
curia. 
Inside, the Senate meeting, the 

2052
01:47:39,100 --> 01:47:41,000
atmosphere was thick with 
tension, though. 

2053
01:47:41,000 --> 01:47:45,100
It started off with formalities.
Caesar took his seat, the group 

2054
01:47:45,108 --> 01:47:48,200
of conspirators approached 
pretending to ask a favor on 

2055
01:47:48,200 --> 01:47:51,800
behalf of a political exile. 
They surrounded him as if to 

2056
01:47:51,800 --> 01:47:53,300
press their case more 
passionately. 

2057
01:47:53,300 --> 01:47:57,600
Then as The Story Goes at a 
signal daggers appeared, the 

2058
01:47:57,600 --> 01:47:59,600
first strike came from casca and
others. 

2059
01:47:59,600 --> 01:48:03,000
Joined accounts vary some saves 
his ear tried to defend himself 

2060
01:48:03,000 --> 01:48:04,700
others that he was too 
overwhelmed. 

2061
01:48:04,700 --> 01:48:08,500
He was stabbed multiple times 
the final Blow from Brutus 

2062
01:48:08,500 --> 01:48:13,400
prompting Caesars legendary and 
possibly apocryphal utterance at

2063
01:48:13,400 --> 01:48:18,000
two fruit. 
In moments, it was overseas are 

2064
01:48:18,000 --> 01:48:19,600
later dead at the foot of pompy 
statue. 

2065
01:48:19,600 --> 01:48:23,200
A cruel twist of fate for the 
man who had once wept for his 

2066
01:48:23,200 --> 01:48:26,000
demise. 
The Senators spattered with 

2067
01:48:26,000 --> 01:48:29,000
blood proclaimed, they had 
liberated Rome from tyranny. 

2068
01:48:29,000 --> 01:48:33,200
Expected the city, that a greet 
them as Heroes yet the immediate

2069
01:48:33,200 --> 01:48:36,900
reaction was shock. 
Not jubilation. citizens, fled, 

2070
01:48:36,900 --> 01:48:41,100
the Curious, unsure, where the 
more violence would follow The 

2071
01:48:41,100 --> 01:48:44,500
conspirators had for season's 
death but they hadn't planned 

2072
01:48:44,500 --> 01:48:46,900
for the emotional vacuum. 
It would create among the Roman 

2073
01:48:46,900 --> 01:48:49,100
populace. 
The question remained. 

2074
01:48:49,800 --> 01:48:52,500
Have they truly saved the 
republic or just Unleashed 

2075
01:48:52,500 --> 01:48:55,300
chaos? 
Brutus and Cassius tried to calm

2076
01:48:55,300 --> 01:48:57,600
the city with speeches, 
invoking, the memory of their 

2077
01:48:57,600 --> 01:49:02,600
ancestor Lucius Junius Brutus, 
who banished, Rome's last king, 

2078
01:49:02,600 --> 01:49:05,900
centuries before they insisted, 
they had restored the Republic, 

2079
01:49:05,900 --> 01:49:08,700
but the people had witnessed 
Caesar's generosity. 

2080
01:49:08,700 --> 01:49:12,000
His Banquets land, 
distributions, public games, 

2081
01:49:12,000 --> 01:49:15,200
many commoners, revered him 
anger, and sorrow. 

2082
01:49:15,200 --> 01:49:18,700
Brewed, in the streets word of 
the Savage Butchery in the 

2083
01:49:18,708 --> 01:49:21,600
Senate, far from celebrating the
conspirators. 

2084
01:49:21,600 --> 01:49:23,700
Many citizens demanded 
vengeance. 

2085
01:49:24,700 --> 01:49:27,600
Mark, Antony, who had not 
participated in the conspiracy 

2086
01:49:27,600 --> 01:49:31,500
seized, this public sentiment. 
He delivered a funeral oration 

2087
01:49:31,500 --> 01:49:33,100
for Caesar that became 
legendary. 

2088
01:49:33,100 --> 01:49:37,000
And Tensions. 
Both with Displaying season's 

2089
01:49:37,000 --> 01:49:40,500
Bloodstone, toga stirring the 
crowd into a frenzy against the 

2090
01:49:40,500 --> 01:49:43,300
conspirators. 
Some historians say, Seasons 

2091
01:49:43,300 --> 01:49:46,500
body was burned in the Forum 
itself with the Flames fed by 

2092
01:49:46,500 --> 01:49:49,000
citizens, who tossed in 
furniture and items as 

2093
01:49:49,000 --> 01:49:51,900
offerings. 
The conspirators, realizing the 

2094
01:49:51,900 --> 01:49:57,500
tide had turned the city outrage
sawed and the once proud Senate 

2095
01:49:57,500 --> 01:50:00,900
found Itself, overshadowed by 
the populist Fury that sees her.

2096
01:50:00,900 --> 01:50:02,600
So, skillfully harnessed in 
life. 

2097
01:50:02,600 --> 01:50:06,200
Thus, the killing that was 
intended to save the Republic. 

2098
01:50:06,200 --> 01:50:09,300
Actually accelerated. 
Its declining power soon. 

2099
01:50:09,300 --> 01:50:11,500
Consolidated, not around a 
restored, Senate. 

2100
01:50:11,500 --> 01:50:13,200
But around. 
New strongman. 

2101
01:50:13,200 --> 01:50:17,400
Mark Antony. 
Octavian sees as young are and 

2102
01:50:17,400 --> 01:50:20,900
adopted son and others who were 
jockey for command in the 

2103
01:50:20,908 --> 01:50:23,100
following years. 
In death. 

2104
01:50:23,700 --> 01:50:26,200
Caesar had transcended mortality
to become an icon. 

2105
01:50:26,200 --> 01:50:28,600
Some would say a martyr while 
the vision of a renewed 

2106
01:50:28,600 --> 01:50:32,200
Republic, ironically slipped 
further away, the aftermath of 

2107
01:50:32,200 --> 01:50:35,400
Caesar's assassination was as 
turbulent as any period Rome had

2108
01:50:35,400 --> 01:50:40,300
ever seen the city already tense
from years of civil conflict 

2109
01:50:40,300 --> 01:50:43,200
discovered that removing one 
towering figure didn't 

2110
01:50:43,200 --> 01:50:45,000
automatically restore the Old 
Republic. 

2111
01:50:45,000 --> 01:50:49,700
Instead a new power vacuum 
emerged quickly filled by those 

2112
01:50:49,700 --> 01:50:51,500
with the ambition and resources 
to play it. 

2113
01:50:52,300 --> 01:50:56,100
Mark Antony, Caesar's closest 
left-handed was first, on the 

2114
01:50:56,100 --> 01:50:59,500
scene, leveraging his connection
to the slain dictator to Rally 

2115
01:50:59,500 --> 01:51:03,700
the masses that Cesar had named 
a surprise are in his will gas. 

2116
01:51:03,700 --> 01:51:05,400
Octavius, better known as 
Octavian. 

2117
01:51:05,400 --> 01:51:10,600
His grandnephew, only 19 years 
old, Octavian, carried Caesar's 

2118
01:51:10,600 --> 01:51:13,600
name, and soon enough. 
Caesar's Legions would rally 

2119
01:51:13,600 --> 01:51:17,200
around him too Brutus and 
Cassius fled, Rome hoping to 

2120
01:51:17,200 --> 01:51:19,800
raise armies. 
In the Eastern, provinces a 

2121
01:51:19,800 --> 01:51:22,300
published, declaration's 
defending, the assassination as 

2122
01:51:22,300 --> 01:51:26,000
an act of patriotic duty, but 
the events in Rome worked 

2123
01:51:26,000 --> 01:51:29,000
against them. 
Funeral oration by Anthony had 

2124
01:51:29,000 --> 01:51:30,600
painted the them as traitors to 
Caesar. 

2125
01:51:30,600 --> 01:51:35,400
And by extension enemies of the 
Roman people, Legions loyal to 

2126
01:51:35,408 --> 01:51:38,100
Caesar scorned, the conspirators
lines. 

2127
01:51:38,100 --> 01:51:42,500
Hardened, another round of Civil
Wars seemed inevitable as one 

2128
01:51:42,500 --> 01:51:45,300
man's ambition had morphed into 
a generational crisis of 

2129
01:51:45,300 --> 01:51:47,900
identity. 
For Rome though, Anthony and 

2130
01:51:47,900 --> 01:51:49,900
Octavian, initially hide each 
other with suspicion. 

2131
01:51:49,900 --> 01:51:52,400
They realized they stood a 
better chance against the 

2132
01:51:52,400 --> 01:51:56,700
conspirators if they cooperated.
Along with Marcus lepidus a 

2133
01:51:56,700 --> 01:51:58,500
trusted Commander. 
They formed the second 

2134
01:51:58,500 --> 01:52:01,100
triumvirate. 
Unlike seasons in formal 

2135
01:52:01,100 --> 01:52:03,300
Arrangement. 
This triumphant was legally, 

2136
01:52:03,300 --> 01:52:06,800
sanctioned granting the three 
men near absolute power to 

2137
01:52:06,800 --> 01:52:09,300
reorganize the state and 
reorganize it. 

2138
01:52:09,308 --> 01:52:12,500
They did. 
Prescriptions lists of enemies 

2139
01:52:12,500 --> 01:52:16,100
of the state were published men 
of wealth and influence found 

2140
01:52:16,100 --> 01:52:18,900
themselves. 
Outlawed, the triumvirate seized

2141
01:52:18,900 --> 01:52:22,800
property and executed opponents,
echoing, the Grim days of solars

2142
01:52:22,800 --> 01:52:24,600
dictatorship. 
The conspirators. 

2143
01:52:24,600 --> 01:52:29,000
Meanwhile, mustard forces in the
East culminating in the climax 

2144
01:52:29,000 --> 01:52:33,600
Battle of Philippi in 42 BCE 
Brutus and Cassius were defeated

2145
01:52:33,600 --> 01:52:35,600
and they chose suicide over 
capture. 

2146
01:52:35,600 --> 01:52:39,200
If Caesar's murderers hoped for 
a Renaissance of Republican 

2147
01:52:39,200 --> 01:52:43,400
ideals, they had Gravely. 
Miscalculated Rome was now torn 

2148
01:52:43,400 --> 01:52:47,100
between competing strong men 
after Philippi tensions, Rose 

2149
01:52:47,100 --> 01:52:51,200
between Antony and Octavian, 
Anthony headed east forming an 

2150
01:52:51,200 --> 01:52:54,300
alliance and famously. 
A romance with Cleopatra in 

2151
01:52:54,300 --> 01:52:58,600
Egypt, Octavian, solidified his 
base in Rome in the Senate 

2152
01:52:58,600 --> 01:53:02,700
recognized him as the principal 
are to seize his legacy by 31 

2153
01:53:02,700 --> 01:53:07,300
BCE the Rivalry exploded into 
another civil war culminated in 

2154
01:53:07,300 --> 01:53:11,800
the naval battle of actium. 
Octavian, prevailed, Antony and 

2155
01:53:11,800 --> 01:53:15,000
Cleopatra fled and later took 
their own lives and the stage 

2156
01:53:15,000 --> 01:53:16,900
was set for Octavian to become 
Augustus. 

2157
01:53:16,900 --> 01:53:20,900
The first Roman Emperor, the 
Republic in its old form was 

2158
01:53:20,900 --> 01:53:23,800
gone. 
And what of Caesar's Legacy, his

2159
01:53:23,800 --> 01:53:27,400
name Caesar would become 
synonymous with rulership 

2160
01:53:27,400 --> 01:53:31,300
itself. 
Kaiser in German to Tsar in 

2161
01:53:31,300 --> 01:53:34,500
Russian leaders in distant 
lands, would adopt the moniker 

2162
01:53:34,500 --> 01:53:39,200
as a badge of Imperial might his
reforms, especially the Julian 

2163
01:53:39,200 --> 01:53:43,100
calendar outlived him by 
centuries influencing how 

2164
01:53:43,100 --> 01:53:46,400
millions of people marked time 
his writings particularly the 

2165
01:53:46,400 --> 01:53:49,400
commentaries on the gallican 
Civil Wars remained essential 

2166
01:53:49,400 --> 01:53:53,200
reading for generations of 
Statesmen, and Generals admired 

2167
01:53:53,200 --> 01:53:55,700
for their Clarity and rhetorical
brilliance. 

2168
01:53:56,900 --> 01:54:00,300
In a strange twist. 
Senate that once feared him 

2169
01:54:00,300 --> 01:54:04,000
voted to DFI sees. 
After his death, proclaiming him

2170
01:54:04,000 --> 01:54:07,700
Divas, Julius shrines and 
temples to the Divine Julius 

2171
01:54:07,700 --> 01:54:10,100
sprang up turning him into a 
figure of worship. 

2172
01:54:10,100 --> 01:54:14,200
This poster vacation gave 
Octavian and added Aura of 

2173
01:54:14,208 --> 01:54:17,900
legitimacy. 
He was now DB Filius, the son of

2174
01:54:17,900 --> 01:54:22,000
a god. one might argue, it was 
the final irony The same 

2175
01:54:22,000 --> 01:54:24,100
institution that bristled at his
ambition. 

2176
01:54:24,100 --> 01:54:28,400
Now raise him to Divine status, 
this transformation, reflected 

2177
01:54:28,400 --> 01:54:31,700
the contradictory nature of 
Roman politics practical to the 

2178
01:54:31,700 --> 01:54:32,700
core. 
Yes. 

2179
01:54:32,700 --> 01:54:36,200
Steeped in Superstition and 
reverence for signs and wonders 

2180
01:54:36,200 --> 01:54:38,800
public memory of Caesar remained
divided. 

2181
01:54:38,800 --> 01:54:41,600
Many admired him for 
championing, the lower classes, 

2182
01:54:41,600 --> 01:54:45,400
taking decisive action to end 
Rome's, internal strife, an 

2183
01:54:45,400 --> 01:54:46,700
extending Roman influence 
abroad. 

2184
01:54:47,500 --> 01:54:50,500
Others condemned him as the man 
who shattered the Republic's 

2185
01:54:50,500 --> 01:54:54,300
checks and balances, making a 
single man rule inevitable over 

2186
01:54:54,300 --> 01:54:58,000
time, historians playwrights and
orators distilled his story into

2187
01:54:58,000 --> 01:55:01,300
dramatic beats, the brilliant 
General, the cunning politician 

2188
01:55:01,300 --> 01:55:04,400
of the trade friend. 
Those wanting a moral lesson. 

2189
01:55:04,400 --> 01:55:07,300
Found ample material some used 
him as a warning against 

2190
01:55:07,300 --> 01:55:10,900
unchecked ambition others, as an
example of visionary leadership,

2191
01:55:10,900 --> 01:55:15,100
undone by a petty jealousy. 
Yet, there's a deeper layer to 

2192
01:55:15,100 --> 01:55:17,900
see his life, one less recounted
in popular law. 

2193
01:55:17,900 --> 01:55:21,300
He was profoundly curious about 
the world about languages, 

2194
01:55:21,300 --> 01:55:23,700
cultures, and the mechanics of 
governance. 

2195
01:55:25,300 --> 01:55:27,700
From his youth, in the streets 
of Rome to his kidnapping by 

2196
01:55:27,700 --> 01:55:30,900
Pirates From the Muddy 
battlefields of gold, the marble

2197
01:55:30,900 --> 01:55:33,900
corridors of the curia. 
He sought to understand and 

2198
01:55:33,900 --> 01:55:38,300
master every environment he 
touched He wasn't content to 

2199
01:55:38,300 --> 01:55:41,700
play by the rules, he wrote 
them, not all admired his 

2200
01:55:41,700 --> 01:55:45,400
methods but few could deny his 
results for those living, in 

2201
01:55:45,400 --> 01:55:48,000
Rome after Caesar's demise daily
life. 

2202
01:55:48,000 --> 01:55:52,200
Eventually stabilized under his 
reign The city grew Grandeur, 

2203
01:55:52,200 --> 01:55:55,700
the Empire expanded, and a new 
system, the principal took 

2204
01:55:55,700 --> 01:55:58,300
shape, but an undercurrent of 
nostalgia. 

2205
01:55:58,300 --> 01:56:01,300
Persisted among some Senators 
who recalled a republic where 

2206
01:56:01,300 --> 01:56:04,300
men like Cicero and Cato wants 
to debated the future of Rome. 

2207
01:56:05,000 --> 01:56:08,900
He wondered if in slaying, 
Caesar they had severed the last

2208
01:56:08,900 --> 01:56:12,500
chance to preserve Republican 
dignity or if Caesars very 

2209
01:56:12,500 --> 01:56:14,400
presence who doomed it from the 
start. 

2210
01:56:14,400 --> 01:56:17,800
And so the figure of Julius 
Caesar stands in Roman history, 

2211
01:56:17,800 --> 01:56:21,400
not simply as a conqueror or a 
dictator, but as a turning point

2212
01:56:21,400 --> 01:56:26,000
he harnessed ambition, popular 
View support and raw military 

2213
01:56:26,000 --> 01:56:29,500
skill to reshape the world's 
greatest Republic and in doing 

2214
01:56:29,500 --> 01:56:31,700
so he cleared a path for 
Imperial rule. 

2215
01:56:32,400 --> 01:56:34,900
Some see him as a hero 
Visionary, who expanded Rome's 

2216
01:56:34,900 --> 01:56:39,100
Horizons, others view him. 
As the ultimate user, the 

2217
01:56:39,100 --> 01:56:42,300
collective governance that had 
once defined the city's spirit 

2218
01:56:43,000 --> 01:56:46,900
Perhaps both are true in the 
end, Julius Caesar's story 

2219
01:56:46,900 --> 01:56:50,600
reminds us that history rarely 
lends itself to meet label's the

2220
01:56:50,600 --> 01:56:54,000
Arts of power Destiny and 
personal will often weave 

2221
01:56:54,000 --> 01:56:56,800
together in ways that defy easy,
categorization. 

2222
01:56:56,800 --> 01:57:00,200
And if there's one lesson that 
resonates across the centuries, 

2223
01:57:00,200 --> 01:57:04,000
it might be this when a single 
individual grows too large for 

2224
01:57:04,000 --> 01:57:05,900
the existing order 
transformation. 

2225
01:57:05,900 --> 01:57:09,200
However, exhilarating or 
destructive becomes inevitable 

2226
01:57:22,500 --> 01:57:27,000
Oda Nobunaga arrived in 1534 in 
the unmetal province of owari, 

2227
01:57:27,000 --> 01:57:30,000
amid a period in Japan. 
Now remembered for Endless 

2228
01:57:30,000 --> 01:57:32,200
conflicts and rapidly shifting 
feudal. 

2229
01:57:32,200 --> 01:57:35,700
Allegiances. 
His father udon of waheeda was a

2230
01:57:35,708 --> 01:57:39,400
minor warlord grappling with 
Clan inviting local skirmishes 

2231
01:57:39,400 --> 01:57:42,300
and the Perpetual risk of larger
armies from neighboring. 

2232
01:57:42,300 --> 01:57:45,700
Provinces there was no guarantee
that the infant napuna would 

2233
01:57:45,700 --> 01:57:50,500
transform, the realm families, 
fought alliances crumbled, a new

2234
01:57:50,500 --> 01:57:54,300
leaders emerged overnight. 
Yet from the Vantage of time, 

2235
01:57:54,300 --> 01:57:57,000
it's clear he planted seeds, 
that would remake Japan. 

2236
01:57:58,000 --> 01:58:00,200
Early records. 
Describe a young, no good nagas 

2237
01:58:00,200 --> 01:58:03,700
as unruly. 
Spurned for Melodies, wearing 

2238
01:58:03,700 --> 01:58:06,400
outlandish clothes, arriving 
late to Solomon. 

2239
01:58:06,400 --> 01:58:08,900
Ceremony, generally annoying 
Clan Elders. 

2240
01:58:08,900 --> 01:58:12,100
They labeled him full Hardy or 
even in an embarrassment to the 

2241
01:58:12,100 --> 01:58:15,100
other name. 
But behind that facade of 

2242
01:58:15,100 --> 01:58:17,900
flamboyance looked to creative 
mind hungry for novelty. 

2243
01:58:17,900 --> 01:58:21,600
He tinkered with foreign 
trinkets asked probing questions

2244
01:58:21,600 --> 01:58:24,900
about strategy and displayed a 
knack for analyzing rival 

2245
01:58:24,900 --> 01:58:29,500
movements Teachers who try to 
tame him, rarely succeeded yet, 

2246
01:58:29,500 --> 01:58:32,500
they noticed flashes of 
Brilliance like the time, he 

2247
01:58:32,500 --> 01:58:35,200
walked the perimeter of his 
father's Castle pointing out 

2248
01:58:35,200 --> 01:58:37,500
weaknesses. 
In gait design that grown 

2249
01:58:37,500 --> 01:58:41,600
Samurai overlooked His father's 
death in the 1551 thrust. 

2250
01:58:41,600 --> 01:58:46,000
This untested youth into sudden 
prominence instantly, the Yoda, 

2251
01:58:46,000 --> 01:58:48,600
Clan fractured uncle's, 
half-brothers and distant 

2252
01:58:48,600 --> 01:58:50,300
cousins jostled for the top 
seat. 

2253
01:58:50,300 --> 01:58:54,200
Conventional wisdom, suggested 
that the audacious rule of owari

2254
01:58:54,200 --> 01:58:57,300
had little chance. 
But in the swirl of that crisis,

2255
01:58:57,300 --> 01:59:01,800
Nobunaga made decisive moves, he
broke up HUD short-term packed 

2256
01:59:01,800 --> 01:59:05,400
with key, retainers promised, 
the new lands and swiftly 

2257
01:59:05,400 --> 01:59:08,400
dismantled the claims of older 
relatives, who underestimated 

2258
01:59:08,400 --> 01:59:11,000
him. 
Some, he exiled and some, he 

2259
01:59:11,000 --> 01:59:13,200
subdued military within two 
years. 

2260
01:59:13,200 --> 01:59:17,400
The asserted control over most 
of the wari observe as realized 

2261
01:59:17,400 --> 01:59:20,500
he was no clown. 
He simply despised the old 

2262
01:59:20,500 --> 01:59:22,500
ceremonial style and did things 
his own way. 

2263
01:59:22,500 --> 01:59:26,300
Rumor has it that around this 
time a traveling Merchant 

2264
01:59:26,300 --> 01:59:29,600
introduced him to Arcade buses. 
Matchlock guns from the West. 

2265
01:59:29,600 --> 01:59:33,200
Most Samurai saw these Firearms 
as crude and unworthy 

2266
01:59:33,200 --> 01:59:36,000
overshadowed by the Elegance of 
swords and Spears. 

2267
01:59:36,000 --> 01:59:40,000
No, Bernardo recognized their 
potential. 

2268
01:59:40,800 --> 01:59:44,200
He quietly stockpiled them 
ordering gunsmiths to replicate 

2269
01:59:44,200 --> 01:59:46,600
or adapt them. 
He tested them in private 

2270
01:59:46,600 --> 01:59:49,900
drills, training foot soldiers 
to Fire and disciplined volleys.

2271
01:59:49,900 --> 01:59:53,600
The practice was a departure 
from the sengoku norm which 

2272
01:59:53,600 --> 01:59:57,600
romanticized heroic duels. 
He aimed to harness the Synergy 

2273
01:59:57,600 --> 02:00:00,300
of the ranks prioritizing 
technology over individual 

2274
02:00:00,300 --> 02:00:03,000
bravado. 
Such a notion, didn't spread 

2275
02:00:03,000 --> 02:00:06,100
widely yet. 
But the seeds were planted for a

2276
02:00:06,100 --> 02:00:08,900
new kind of warfare. 
The first major test of his 

2277
02:00:08,900 --> 02:00:13,100
cunning came in 1560. 
When in Regala yoshimoto, one of

2278
02:00:13,108 --> 02:00:16,300
the era's, most formidable 
Warlords, led a giant army 

2279
02:00:16,300 --> 02:00:19,800
through a warri in route to 
Capital, the conventional 

2280
02:00:19,800 --> 02:00:21,100
approach. 
Would have been for smaller 

2281
02:00:21,100 --> 02:00:23,800
clowns to hide in fortified 
castles or attempt. 

2282
02:00:24,000 --> 02:00:28,000
Half-hearted skirmishes, but 
Nobunaga went bold, famously 

2283
02:00:28,000 --> 02:00:31,500
prayed at a local, Shrine, 
offered sake to his men, and 

2284
02:00:31,500 --> 02:00:33,900
then launched a surprise attack 
at azama. 

2285
02:00:34,900 --> 02:00:39,700
The result was astonishing, 
Yoshi Moto's vast Force lulled 

2286
02:00:39,700 --> 02:00:42,600
into overconfidence collapsed 
onto nobunaga's. 

2287
02:00:42,600 --> 02:00:46,300
Ambush yoshimoto, himself was 
killed in the confusion, this 

2288
02:00:46,300 --> 02:00:50,000
Victory stunned, the Japanese 
archipelago a lesser Clan from 

2289
02:00:50,000 --> 02:00:53,800
owari under a Brash, young Lord,
and toppled one of the biggest 

2290
02:00:53,800 --> 02:00:57,100
threats in a single day. 
After okehazama. 

2291
02:00:57,800 --> 02:01:00,400
Smaller local, Warlords. 
Rushed to align with the odor 

2292
02:01:00,400 --> 02:01:02,700
Clan or at least sign neutrality
packs. 

2293
02:01:02,700 --> 02:01:06,600
Nobunaga's Prestige sword. 
Yet he did not rest. 

2294
02:01:06,600 --> 02:01:09,800
He began forging deeper 
connections with merchants in 

2295
02:01:09,808 --> 02:01:13,100
nearby free cities establishing 
an economic backbone. 

2296
02:01:13,100 --> 02:01:16,800
He sought alliances with key 
figures in meno and only 

2297
02:01:16,800 --> 02:01:20,300
province's using marriages and 
mutual defense packs. 

2298
02:01:20,800 --> 02:01:24,300
At the same time, displayed 
unpredictability punishing 

2299
02:01:24,300 --> 02:01:28,200
uncooperative, Lords harshly, 
sacking their castles and 

2300
02:01:28,200 --> 02:01:30,900
installing loyal. 
Retainer families in the void. 

2301
02:01:31,800 --> 02:01:35,100
Amid these expansions he showed 
an unusual attitude towards 

2302
02:01:35,100 --> 02:01:38,700
status traditional samurai 
lineage mattered less to him and

2303
02:01:38,700 --> 02:01:41,400
competence. 
If a farmer's son, displayed 

2304
02:01:41,400 --> 02:01:45,100
skill, nobody might Elevate him 
to command, squads or handle 

2305
02:01:45,100 --> 02:01:48,700
taxes, the situation unsettled 
old Aristocrats, who viewed 

2306
02:01:48,700 --> 02:01:52,300
inheritance as the Bedrock of 
power Nobunaga cared little for 

2307
02:01:52,300 --> 02:01:55,000
their complaints. 
Arguing that Victory and 

2308
02:01:55,000 --> 02:01:57,300
stability were more important 
than outmoded hierarchies. 

2309
02:01:57,300 --> 02:02:00,500
This approach gained him Fierce 
loyalty from those who 

2310
02:02:00,500 --> 02:02:04,000
recognized the talent was 
rewarded but it also sewed 

2311
02:02:04,000 --> 02:02:08,600
resentment among the Old Guard 
who saw him as an iconoclast by 

2312
02:02:08,600 --> 02:02:13,100
the late 1560s Odeon, had 
outgrown the label full. 

2313
02:02:13,100 --> 02:02:16,400
He was forging a reputation as a
radical risk taker. 

2314
02:02:16,400 --> 02:02:20,800
Combining intimidation strategic
alliances and unconventional 

2315
02:02:20,800 --> 02:02:24,000
warfare in Council. 
He might appear address, simply 

2316
02:02:24,000 --> 02:02:28,900
focusing on substance and of 
pomp observers were called that 

2317
02:02:28,900 --> 02:02:32,500
in private. 
He studied Maps meticulously 

2318
02:02:32,500 --> 02:02:36,000
pondering, how to break the web 
of petty Wars, the capture pan. 

2319
02:02:36,000 --> 02:02:38,900
Fractured, no one yet. 
Imagined the scale of his 

2320
02:02:38,900 --> 02:02:41,100
ambition. 
That he'd attempting to unify 

2321
02:02:41,100 --> 02:02:44,700
the entire land. 
Signs were there in every bold 

2322
02:02:44,700 --> 02:02:48,800
decision, every new alliance and
every shattered old tradition, 

2323
02:02:48,800 --> 02:02:51,700
he was on the brink of a far 
more sweeping campaign. 

2324
02:02:52,500 --> 02:02:56,300
As his influence grew in owari, 
Oda Nobunaga, distracted, his 

2325
02:02:56,300 --> 02:02:58,200
attention, towards the 
neighboring Mino. 

2326
02:02:58,900 --> 02:03:02,200
This domain was under the Saito 
Clan known for cunning 

2327
02:03:02,200 --> 02:03:05,100
leadership, and strong hostile 
defenses, especially the 

2328
02:03:05,100 --> 02:03:08,600
imposing in Obby armor Castle 
perched, on a steep hill, local,

2329
02:03:08,600 --> 02:03:11,400
Warlords, murmured. 
That Mino was a fortress Laden 

2330
02:03:11,400 --> 02:03:15,500
region, not easily subjugated, 
but Nobunaga believed that if he

2331
02:03:15,500 --> 02:03:18,600
could see his Mino he would 
secure a critical foothold on 

2332
02:03:18,600 --> 02:03:20,600
the route to Kyoto 
diplomatically. 

2333
02:03:20,600 --> 02:03:24,600
He first tried forging a 
connection he arranged for his 

2334
02:03:24,600 --> 02:03:27,700
foster daughter to marry. 
The Saito are the Hope was to 

2335
02:03:27,700 --> 02:03:32,000
pave a smoother path yet. 
The Sato patriarch Sato dosan 

2336
02:03:32,000 --> 02:03:35,700
died in a familial conflict 
leaving the clan leadership in 

2337
02:03:35,700 --> 02:03:37,400
flux. 
The new site. 

2338
02:03:37,400 --> 02:03:40,600
Oh head refused to yield 
Nobunaga changed his strategy. 

2339
02:03:40,600 --> 02:03:44,300
He recruited refugees from 
maiano who hated the new site. 

2340
02:03:44,300 --> 02:03:46,900
Only leadership, he gleaned 
Intel about secret Mountain 

2341
02:03:46,900 --> 02:03:51,100
paths and alternative supply 
routes hammered away at saito's 

2342
02:03:51,100 --> 02:03:53,600
border fortifications with 
Relentless minor assaults, 

2343
02:03:53,600 --> 02:03:58,100
wearing them down around this 
period toyotomi hideyoshi and 

2344
02:03:58,100 --> 02:04:01,200
unassuming Foot soldier with a 
knack for persuasion captured, 

2345
02:04:01,200 --> 02:04:04,200
nobunaga's attention. 
Hideyoshi brokered, local 

2346
02:04:04,208 --> 02:04:07,600
alliances and bribed psycho 
underlings to sabotage, defenses

2347
02:04:07,600 --> 02:04:11,700
from within the infiltration was
so effective that by 1567 

2348
02:04:11,700 --> 02:04:16,500
saito's lines crumbled under a 
well-coordinated strike in Abbey

2349
02:04:16,500 --> 02:04:19,000
armor Castle, fell and Nobunaga 
promptly. 

2350
02:04:19,000 --> 02:04:22,200
Renamed the Fortress gifu 
symbolizing, a fresh chapter. 

2351
02:04:23,100 --> 02:04:25,200
Gifu Castle. 
Thus, became his new base 

2352
02:04:25,200 --> 02:04:28,900
overshadowing, a worries, older 
seat, local Legend says he 

2353
02:04:28,900 --> 02:04:32,200
pinned a banner reading tenka, 
FUBU roughly, meaning all the 

2354
02:04:32,200 --> 02:04:35,100
realm under one sword. 
And audacious motto that 

2355
02:04:35,100 --> 02:04:39,200
showcased his aspiration to 
unify Japan having secured Mino 

2356
02:04:39,200 --> 02:04:42,700
and cast his Gaze on Kyoto. 
The imperial capital had lost 

2357
02:04:42,700 --> 02:04:46,400
much of its luster battered by 
Decades of feuding Warlords. 

2358
02:04:46,400 --> 02:04:51,500
The ashikaga shogunate nominally
ruling Japan was overshadowed by

2359
02:04:51,500 --> 02:04:54,600
local powers. 
A figure named ashikaga yoshiaki

2360
02:04:54,600 --> 02:04:58,200
approached Nobunaga pleading for
rescue from rival Warlords 

2361
02:04:58,200 --> 02:05:02,600
sensing opportunity. 
No Bernardo marched on Kyoto in 

2362
02:05:02,600 --> 02:05:07,200
1568 The city's confusion 
allowed him to install yoshia. 

2363
02:05:08,700 --> 02:05:11,200
Though it was an arrangement 
reminiscent of a puppet regime. 

2364
02:05:11,200 --> 02:05:14,500
Nobunaga intended to influence 
National politics. 

2365
02:05:14,500 --> 02:05:18,000
Covertly utilizing yoshiaki, as 
a symbolic leader. 

2366
02:05:18,900 --> 02:05:21,400
Kyoto's populace, reacted, with 
mixed emotions. 

2367
02:05:21,400 --> 02:05:23,800
Some welcomed an end to chaos 
others. 

2368
02:05:23,800 --> 02:05:27,000
Feared, a new Tyrant. 
Nobunaga tried to reassure them 

2369
02:05:27,000 --> 02:05:29,900
by rebuilding toads and temples 
wrecked by earlier. 

2370
02:05:29,900 --> 02:05:34,300
Conflicts, he minted coinage, 
financed local markets and even 

2371
02:05:34,300 --> 02:05:37,700
politely introduced fresh laws 
to curb violence in the capitals

2372
02:05:37,700 --> 02:05:40,400
districts. 
Yet, these gestures of 

2373
02:05:40,400 --> 02:05:43,800
benevolence coexisted with his 
iron fisted approach to dissent,

2374
02:05:43,800 --> 02:05:47,400
for instance, lingering warlord 
forces, who refused to submit 

2375
02:05:47,400 --> 02:05:51,000
found themselves crushed among 
them, was the rebellious miyoshi

2376
02:05:51,000 --> 02:05:54,200
Clan the city subdued, its 
rebellious Corners over a matter

2377
02:05:54,200 --> 02:05:56,900
of months? 
Nevertheless friction arose with

2378
02:05:56,900 --> 02:06:01,700
the Shogun Chicago, who bristled
at being overshadowed Yoshi 

2379
02:06:01,700 --> 02:06:03,800
quietly. 
Tried building alliances among 

2380
02:06:03,800 --> 02:06:07,100
traditional clowns. 
Fueling an anti-odor Coalition 

2381
02:06:07,100 --> 02:06:10,200
that included powerful Barons 
like a Sakura and his eye. 

2382
02:06:10,800 --> 02:06:13,500
The standoff that followed 
tested nobunaga's skill at 

2383
02:06:13,500 --> 02:06:16,500
multi-front campaigns. 
Ironically, his brother in law 

2384
02:06:16,500 --> 02:06:20,500
as I nagamasa husband to 
Nobunaga sister oichi led the as

2385
02:06:20,500 --> 02:06:24,300
iCloud The personal heartbreak 
of Waging War against his kin 

2386
02:06:24,300 --> 02:06:26,800
weighed heavily. 
Yet Nobunaga pressed on. 

2387
02:06:26,800 --> 02:06:31,700
He arranged for alliances with 
Tokugawa who secured the East, 

2388
02:06:31,700 --> 02:06:35,700
allowing the odor main Force to 
handle the azai asakura threat. 

2389
02:06:36,600 --> 02:06:40,900
The battles near Anna Garland, 
1570 proved intense with OTA and

2390
02:06:40,900 --> 02:06:43,000
Tokugawa, armies. 
Eventually prevailing after 

2391
02:06:43,000 --> 02:06:45,100
vicious. 
Hand-to-hand fighting this 

2392
02:06:45,100 --> 02:06:48,300
Victory though, overshadowed in 
popular, lore by larger events 

2393
02:06:48,300 --> 02:06:51,800
signaled that Family Ties would 
not determine from his great 

2394
02:06:51,800 --> 02:06:55,100
omission. 
Around this juncture, Nobunaga 

2395
02:06:55,100 --> 02:06:57,600
displayed his approach to 
religious factions, more starkly

2396
02:06:57,600 --> 02:07:02,300
the warrior monks of mountie 
near Kyoto allied with the azai 

2397
02:07:02,300 --> 02:07:05,900
asakura Coalition, Nobunaga 
demanded their submission, they 

2398
02:07:05,900 --> 02:07:10,700
refused in 1571, he Unleashed a 
brutal assault, the entire 

2399
02:07:10,700 --> 02:07:15,600
complex at Enrique G was put to 
Flame and of monks novices and 

2400
02:07:15,600 --> 02:07:17,700
civilians perished, it was an 
act. 

2401
02:07:17,700 --> 02:07:20,700
So Grim at even shocked, some of
nobunaga's staunch allies. 

2402
02:07:21,600 --> 02:07:24,700
But he justified it claiming 
that the militant monks had 

2403
02:07:24,700 --> 02:07:27,500
threatened the capitals order 
for too long for him. 

2404
02:07:27,500 --> 02:07:30,200
No sacred label. 
Could Shield an armed group from

2405
02:07:30,200 --> 02:07:31,900
the Unstoppable cause of 
unification. 

2406
02:07:33,100 --> 02:07:36,000
If an institution medaled 
military, it had to be crushed 

2407
02:07:36,000 --> 02:07:37,900
no matter. 
Its spiritual veneer. 

2408
02:07:38,700 --> 02:07:41,100
Though these actions 
Consolidated his grip, they 

2409
02:07:41,100 --> 02:07:44,400
fueled a reputation for 
ruthlessness people whispered 

2410
02:07:44,400 --> 02:07:46,700
that he had become a Demon Lord 
yet. 

2411
02:07:46,700 --> 02:07:50,100
Ironically he also cultivated 
appreciation for the Arts. 

2412
02:07:50,100 --> 02:07:54,200
He introduced modern style of 
Castle Rock texture invited 

2413
02:07:54,200 --> 02:07:56,600
Portuguese artists to 
demonstrate new building 

2414
02:07:56,600 --> 02:07:59,900
techniques and toyed with the 
newly introduced trend of tea 

2415
02:07:59,900 --> 02:08:02,300
ceremony, This contradictory 
mix. 

2416
02:08:03,200 --> 02:08:05,700
Stream brutality on the 
battlefield paired with the 

2417
02:08:05,700 --> 02:08:09,400
refined cultural, Pursuits, 
confused many, but it formed the

2418
02:08:09,400 --> 02:08:12,900
heart of Bruno's method. 
Forging, a new Japan by blending

2419
02:08:12,900 --> 02:08:18,400
modern Innovation with 
unstoppable Force by 1573 the 

2420
02:08:18,400 --> 02:08:21,500
puppet Shogun yoshiaki. 
Now thoroughly at odds, with 

2421
02:08:21,508 --> 02:08:25,300
Nobunaga was exiled the ashikaga
sugar neat, officially 

2422
02:08:25,300 --> 02:08:27,600
collapsed. 
From that point forward. 

2423
02:08:27,600 --> 02:08:30,200
The question wasn't, whether the
old order was gone? 

2424
02:08:30,200 --> 02:08:33,000
It was whether no Bernardo could
fill the vacuum before. 

2425
02:08:33,000 --> 02:08:36,300
Other warlord struck. 
The next moves he made would 

2426
02:08:36,300 --> 02:08:38,300
Define the entire future of the 
archipelago. 

2427
02:08:38,300 --> 02:08:43,400
The year, 1573 Unleashed a new 
dynamic in central Japan, the 

2428
02:08:43,400 --> 02:08:46,400
centuries old ashikaga 
shogunate, stood dissolved 

2429
02:08:46,400 --> 02:08:50,500
leaving a power vacuum that 
odinaka sought to fill well 

2430
02:08:50,500 --> 02:08:52,300
though he did not assume the 
Shogun title. 

2431
02:08:52,300 --> 02:08:55,700
Some suspect, he viewed as two 
entangled with our cake baggage.

2432
02:08:55,700 --> 02:08:59,300
He effectively governed from 
Kyoto as the central Warlord. 

2433
02:09:00,100 --> 02:09:04,700
Nobunaga's subordinates notably 
hashiba hideyoshi later toyotomi

2434
02:09:04,700 --> 02:09:08,600
hideyoshi and Tokugawa yeyes 
took on crucial roles in 

2435
02:09:08,600 --> 02:09:11,800
expanding the odor domain and 
stabilizing conquered 

2436
02:09:11,800 --> 02:09:15,500
territories nonetheless pockets 
of fierce resistance remained 

2437
02:09:15,500 --> 02:09:18,200
including the might of the 
Takeda clan in eastern. 

2438
02:09:18,200 --> 02:09:22,000
Provinces one would not expect 
that a man ascending, so rapidly

2439
02:09:22,000 --> 02:09:25,200
would find time for culture yet 
nobunaga's, passion for 

2440
02:09:25,200 --> 02:09:28,500
spectacle, grew reports, 
mentioned Grand, Banquets, and 

2441
02:09:28,500 --> 02:09:32,200
Kyoto with exotic dishes, 
Portuguese, wine and comedic 

2442
02:09:32,200 --> 02:09:34,100
theater performed at Night by 
Torchlight. 

2443
02:09:34,100 --> 02:09:38,700
He sponsored the no drama though
in a personal style that adapted

2444
02:09:38,700 --> 02:09:42,800
script to Lord new Heroes. 
Some older Aristocrats, frowned 

2445
02:09:42,800 --> 02:09:46,800
know they believed was the 
Hallmark of an older refined 

2446
02:09:46,800 --> 02:09:52,000
tradition. but to Noble, 
Tradition was a tool, not a 

2447
02:09:52,000 --> 02:09:55,000
chain. 
He saw in artistic displays an 

2448
02:09:55,000 --> 02:09:58,700
opportunity to unify the 
fraction Elites by enticing them

2449
02:09:58,700 --> 02:10:01,800
with entertainment and proving 
that his rule overshadowed, any 

2450
02:10:01,800 --> 02:10:05,400
prior pageantry. 
Still wore overshadowed these 

2451
02:10:05,400 --> 02:10:08,000
amusements. 
The formidable Takeda shingen 

2452
02:10:08,000 --> 02:10:11,300
died. 
In 1573 leaving Takeda katsuyori

2453
02:10:11,300 --> 02:10:14,500
in charge, though, less 
accomplished than his father. 

2454
02:10:14,500 --> 02:10:18,300
Katsurei was no pushover in 
1575. 

2455
02:10:18,300 --> 02:10:21,000
He led a formidable. 
Cavalry Force into mikawa 

2456
02:10:21,000 --> 02:10:25,600
clashing, with knoben's Allied, 
armies, the event, set the stage

2457
02:10:25,600 --> 02:10:29,400
for the pivotal Battle of 
nagashino typically a Cavalry 

2458
02:10:29,400 --> 02:10:32,300
swarm overcame infantry but 
nobunaga's novel approach 

2459
02:10:32,300 --> 02:10:35,900
extensive Palisades rotating 
lines of Aqua this year's 

2460
02:10:35,900 --> 02:10:37,900
shattered. 
The myth of Unstoppable, horse 

2461
02:10:37,900 --> 02:10:40,600
charges the musket volley is 
decimated. 

2462
02:10:40,600 --> 02:10:44,400
The takada ranks eyewitnesses 
described how for the first time

2463
02:10:44,400 --> 02:10:48,200
Mast Firearms, overcame famous 
Cavalry Charges in open terrain,

2464
02:10:48,200 --> 02:10:51,800
this water shed moment 
reaffirmed as reputation as a 

2465
02:10:51,800 --> 02:10:55,000
modernizing general who embraced
Firearms, wholeheartedly 

2466
02:10:56,100 --> 02:10:59,600
following nagashino the takada 
Clan's Prestige, plummeted 

2467
02:10:59,600 --> 02:11:03,200
enabling Nobunaga to extend 
deeper into Eastern domains 

2468
02:11:04,000 --> 02:11:06,700
Meanwhile in the capital, he 
grew more direct and quelling. 

2469
02:11:06,700 --> 02:11:09,300
Any recalls Trent Aristocrats or
religious sects. 

2470
02:11:09,300 --> 02:11:12,200
He was rumored to have 
humiliated, certain courtiers, 

2471
02:11:12,200 --> 02:11:13,800
who showed insufficient 
obedience. 

2472
02:11:14,700 --> 02:11:18,000
Indeed, the swirl of new rumors 
painted him as borderline 

2473
02:11:18,000 --> 02:11:22,000
sacrilegious, ignoring the 
established Kami Worship in 

2474
02:11:22,000 --> 02:11:24,900
shrines or publicly mocking, 
certain Shrine rituals as 

2475
02:11:24,900 --> 02:11:28,500
superstitious this spurred the 
rumor of him being the demon 

2476
02:11:28,500 --> 02:11:31,200
warlord culminating. 
In some devout Warriors, forming

2477
02:11:31,200 --> 02:11:34,500
tiny conspiracies to rid the 
land of this Empire's figure. 

2478
02:11:35,300 --> 02:11:37,800
One, overlooked Dimension was 
his approach to Commerce. 

2479
02:11:38,800 --> 02:11:40,900
Beyond the free markets and 
Castle towns. 

2480
02:11:40,900 --> 02:11:43,300
No, Bernardo established weigh 
stations. 

2481
02:11:43,300 --> 02:11:46,500
And lodging posts along, major 
highways he suppressed local 

2482
02:11:46,500 --> 02:11:48,100
toll collectors. 
Who bled Travelers? 

2483
02:11:48,100 --> 02:11:52,300
This policy triggered an 
economic upswing, Caravans from 

2484
02:11:52,300 --> 02:11:55,800
the sea to Inland. 
Sea carried, salt, textiles and 

2485
02:11:55,800 --> 02:11:57,900
foreign Goods with fewer bribes 
to pay. 

2486
02:11:59,000 --> 02:12:03,100
The odor domain, the stable 
fiscal backbone, fueling further

2487
02:12:03,100 --> 02:12:06,300
expansion and enabling him to 
Grant rewards to Loyal vassals 

2488
02:12:06,300 --> 02:12:07,700
without bankrupting the 
treasury. 

2489
02:12:08,500 --> 02:12:11,200
Such a commercial Savvy. 
Warlord was a novelty in a 

2490
02:12:11,208 --> 02:12:14,100
period when martial Glory 
overshadowed The Humble of 

2491
02:12:14,108 --> 02:12:18,400
business of economic mix. 
Nobunaga also interacted with a 

2492
02:12:18,400 --> 02:12:20,400
figure rarely acknowledged in 
mainstream accounts. 

2493
02:12:20,400 --> 02:12:25,800
Yasuke often regarded as the 
first African Samurai a tall man

2494
02:12:25,800 --> 02:12:29,600
from Portuguese or Italian 
missions yasuke arrived in Japan

2495
02:12:29,600 --> 02:12:33,400
under uncertain circumstances 
impressed by his physique and 

2496
02:12:33,408 --> 02:12:36,200
exotic. 
Background Nobunaga took an 

2497
02:12:36,200 --> 02:12:40,100
interest, eventually welcoming 
him into service letters from 

2498
02:12:40,100 --> 02:12:43,000
Jesuit sources hint that 
Nobunaga found yasuke is 

2499
02:12:43,008 --> 02:12:45,900
presence refreshing. 
A symbol of how broad the world 

2500
02:12:45,900 --> 02:12:48,300
truly was. 
Some accounts mentioned that 

2501
02:12:48,308 --> 02:12:51,600
yesterday was entrusted with 
certain guard duties while the 

2502
02:12:51,600 --> 02:12:53,800
authenticity of that Arrangement
has faced debate. 

2503
02:12:53,800 --> 02:12:57,300
It underscores how nobunaga's 
curiosity extended, even to 

2504
02:12:57,300 --> 02:13:01,600
foreigners of unusual origin. 
Bridging cultural gaps are to 

2505
02:13:01,600 --> 02:13:05,100
time when xenophobia was rampant
by the end of the 1570s 

2506
02:13:05,100 --> 02:13:07,800
Unstoppable. 
Momentum seemed to Define 

2507
02:13:07,800 --> 02:13:11,000
obnoxious progress. 
The Hallmark Fortress of a 

2508
02:13:11,000 --> 02:13:13,700
zucchini. 
Near Lake Beaver exemplified his

2509
02:13:13,700 --> 02:13:15,000
vision part. 
Strong. 

2510
02:13:15,000 --> 02:13:18,900
Hold particular residents with 
decorative murals and advanced 

2511
02:13:18,900 --> 02:13:22,100
architectural engineering. 
Visitors wrote that climbing 

2512
02:13:22,100 --> 02:13:25,300
each floor, revealed new painted
Illusions and hidden defensive 

2513
02:13:25,300 --> 02:13:27,900
features. 
An embodiment of both aesthetic 

2514
02:13:27,900 --> 02:13:31,300
Flair and martial cunning, he 
invited traveling missionaries, 

2515
02:13:31,300 --> 02:13:35,000
Artisans, and even some rival. 
Lords to see a zucchi's Majesty.

2516
02:13:35,000 --> 02:13:38,600
Proclaiming that his building 
was the model of the future in 

2517
02:13:38,600 --> 02:13:41,000
truth, the structure was also a 
statement. 

2518
02:13:41,000 --> 02:13:44,300
Odor, rule soared above the old,
Petty, provincialism. 

2519
02:13:44,300 --> 02:13:46,600
A new day, demanded, new 
monuments. 

2520
02:13:47,400 --> 02:13:52,400
Yet ambition, stirs resentments.
Many older Clans forced into 

2521
02:13:52,400 --> 02:13:55,100
submission, quite quietly sought
to chance to break free. 

2522
02:13:56,000 --> 02:13:59,000
The extent of nobunaga's reforms
threatened, the old feudal 

2523
02:13:59,000 --> 02:14:01,400
compacts even within his 
retinue. 

2524
02:14:01,400 --> 02:14:05,300
Some felt overshadowed by 
hideyoshi, ascendancy or 

2525
02:14:05,300 --> 02:14:09,700
frustrated by nobita's ruthless 
single-mindedness betrayal there

2526
02:14:09,700 --> 02:14:12,500
rarely signaled, openly bubbled 
beneath the surface. 

2527
02:14:12,500 --> 02:14:16,200
The old adage that a fortress 
can withstand for an assault but

2528
02:14:16,200 --> 02:14:19,300
not always internal treachery 
would soon prove hauntingly at 

2529
02:14:19,300 --> 02:14:23,500
though the warlord pressed 
onward planning fresh campaigns 

2530
02:14:23,500 --> 02:14:27,300
events at the cusp of the 1580s.
Would reveal the Fatal cost of 

2531
02:14:27,300 --> 02:14:32,600
ignoring that silent discontent.
In Spring 1580 Oda Nobunaga 

2532
02:14:32,600 --> 02:14:35,300
appeared. 
Invincible the formidable, ikko 

2533
02:14:35,300 --> 02:14:36,800
ikki, strongholds were mostly 
crushed. 

2534
02:14:36,800 --> 02:14:39,700
The Takeda. 
Clan was in shambles and the 

2535
02:14:39,700 --> 02:14:42,100
capital recognized him as the de
facto power. 

2536
02:14:42,100 --> 02:14:45,700
Yet a cluster of uneasy 
alliances still dotted the map, 

2537
02:14:45,700 --> 02:14:48,500
including some Warlords, who 
pretended loyalty while 

2538
02:14:48,500 --> 02:14:51,300
resenting odor. 
Dominance Nobunaga, though, 

2539
02:14:51,300 --> 02:14:54,400
rarely timid seemed almost 
relaxed that year, hosting 

2540
02:14:54,400 --> 02:14:58,500
lavish celebrations at azuchi 
and paying only mild heed to 

2541
02:14:58,500 --> 02:15:00,400
rumors of minor revolts in 
distant. 

2542
02:15:00,400 --> 02:15:04,200
Provinces the Unstoppable, wave 
of Conquest had lulled him into 

2543
02:15:04,208 --> 02:15:06,800
believing only a formidable 
outside, foca championship. 

2544
02:15:07,800 --> 02:15:11,400
Among his retainers Aki 
mitsuhide quietly navigated. 

2545
02:15:11,400 --> 02:15:16,400
The new ordered Nobunaga loyally
yet their relationship was never

2546
02:15:16,400 --> 02:15:19,600
warm nobunaga's. 
Leadership style often involved 

2547
02:15:19,600 --> 02:15:21,900
public dressing Downs of 
subordinates who fail or 

2548
02:15:21,900 --> 02:15:24,800
displeased him. 
Some claimed mitsu hide who 

2549
02:15:24,800 --> 02:15:28,100
endured multiple humiliations 
once when an odor supply line 

2550
02:15:28,100 --> 02:15:31,300
Fiasco cost mitzi's mother her 
life at the hands of Brigham's 

2551
02:15:31,300 --> 02:15:36,000
Nobunaga supposedly dismissed at
callously, another time a minor 

2552
02:15:36,000 --> 02:15:39,000
mishap at a feast LED Nobunaga 
to fling a teacup in Anger. 

2553
02:15:39,000 --> 02:15:43,800
Scolding omitsu height whether 
these spats fested into hatred 

2554
02:15:43,800 --> 02:15:48,200
remains uncertain but it's clear
mitsuhide felt overshadowed in 

2555
02:15:48,200 --> 02:15:51,500
the swirl of odors triumphant 
expansion many believed 

2556
02:15:51,500 --> 02:15:54,500
mitsuhide was too measured or 
timid to lash out they were 

2557
02:15:54,500 --> 02:15:57,200
mistaken. 
Parallel to these tensions, 

2558
02:15:57,200 --> 02:16:01,000
Nobunaga decided to press 
further west sending hideyoshi 

2559
02:16:01,000 --> 02:16:04,000
to sudo, the Mori Clan. 
That campaign demanded 

2560
02:16:04,000 --> 02:16:07,800
reinforcement Nobunaga prepared 
to dispatch extra troops. 

2561
02:16:07,800 --> 02:16:11,700
He halted in Kyoto at honor, G 
Temple intending, a brief rest 

2562
02:16:11,700 --> 02:16:13,500
on route to greet hideous. 
She's forces. 

2563
02:16:14,400 --> 02:16:17,600
The temple though, not heavily 
fortified was considered safe 

2564
02:16:17,600 --> 02:16:21,100
enough given the capital's calm.
Nobunaga was traveling lightly 

2565
02:16:21,100 --> 02:16:24,600
with only a small guard, most of
his main Army had been deployed 

2566
02:16:24,600 --> 02:16:28,000
to support different operations.
Some closer advisors question 

2567
02:16:28,000 --> 02:16:30,800
this vulnerability but no 
Bernardo brushed aside their 

2568
02:16:30,800 --> 02:16:33,200
concerns certain no serious 
threat. 

2569
02:16:33,200 --> 02:16:39,000
Lurked Then came that fateful 
dawn of June 21st, 1582 a catchy

2570
02:16:39,000 --> 02:16:41,600
mitsu hired. 
Commanding, a Detachment under 

2571
02:16:41,600 --> 02:16:45,500
the pretext of reinforcing hideo
Yoshi turned, his Force abruptly

2572
02:16:45,500 --> 02:16:47,700
toward Hano G. 
Storming in. 

2573
02:16:47,700 --> 02:16:51,400
They caught the odor guards on. 
Where is the temples interior 

2574
02:16:51,400 --> 02:16:54,200
lit with flames as mitsu. 
Hide's men, torched wooden 

2575
02:16:54,200 --> 02:16:56,799
Halls, Nobunaga fought back with
sword. 

2576
02:16:56,799 --> 02:16:58,700
In hand, that the odds were 
overwhelming. 

2577
02:16:58,700 --> 02:17:02,799
Realizing Escape was impossible,
he retreated deeper into the 

2578
02:17:02,799 --> 02:17:05,400
complex. 
Sources differ on the details 

2579
02:17:05,400 --> 02:17:08,700
but they Converge on the notion 
that he took his life either by 

2580
02:17:08,700 --> 02:17:12,900
seppuku or ensuring no capture 
rather than fall into mitts a 

2581
02:17:12,900 --> 02:17:15,500
hedis hands. 
The Blazing Temple sealed. 

2582
02:17:15,500 --> 02:17:19,799
The scene forging an indelible 
final image Japan's mightiest 

2583
02:17:19,799 --> 02:17:23,700
unifier consumed by betrayal and
fire undone not by an external 

2584
02:17:23,700 --> 02:17:27,600
rival, but by a subordinate, he 
underestimated Mitsuhide 

2585
02:17:27,600 --> 02:17:30,500
proclaiming the realm is ours. 
Tried to consolidate. 

2586
02:17:31,500 --> 02:17:34,400
But public shock overshadowed 
any acceptance of his coup. 

2587
02:17:34,400 --> 02:17:38,100
He had a Yoshi on hearing the 
news swiftly made peace with the

2588
02:17:38,100 --> 02:17:41,200
Maury to rush back in a short 
campaign culminating in the 

2589
02:17:41,208 --> 02:17:45,200
Battle of yamazaki Hiroshi, 
avenge Nobunaga defeating 

2590
02:17:45,200 --> 02:17:49,299
mitsuhide Lester weeks after 
homogene mitsuhide attempting to

2591
02:17:49,299 --> 02:17:53,799
flee was slain by Bandits or 
ventral peasants and ironic end 

2592
02:17:53,799 --> 02:17:55,500
that left. 
No stable regime in his wake. 

2593
02:17:56,600 --> 02:18:00,700
The Echoes of that betrayal 
lingard for centuries, mitzi's 

2594
02:18:00,700 --> 02:18:04,000
treachery became a byword for 
disloyalty and sudden reversal 

2595
02:18:04,000 --> 02:18:07,200
of Fortune. 
Nobunaga's demise fractured the 

2596
02:18:07,200 --> 02:18:10,299
odaran, but the impetus for 
unification persisted. 

2597
02:18:10,299 --> 02:18:14,200
Hideyoshi emerged as the next 
major figure, the eventually 

2598
02:18:14,200 --> 02:18:17,900
subjugating, much of Japan, and 
styling himself, as the unifier 

2599
02:18:17,900 --> 02:18:22,799
Tokugawa more patient, would 
Outlast them all, and set up the

2600
02:18:22,799 --> 02:18:27,799
shogunate, In each subsequent 
stage, the ghost of nobunaga's 

2601
02:18:27,799 --> 02:18:30,400
ambition, hovered. 
Hideyoshi and yay, ASU both 

2602
02:18:30,400 --> 02:18:32,600
acknowledged that their 
expansions leaned on the 

2603
02:18:32,600 --> 02:18:36,100
foundation, Nobunaga laid the 
harnessing of firearms, the 

2604
02:18:36,100 --> 02:18:39,900
impetus for centralized domain 
and the notion that old feudal 

2605
02:18:39,900 --> 02:18:41,799
autonomy should yield to a 
singular Authority. 

2606
02:18:42,799 --> 02:18:47,000
In many ways, the abrupt end at 
honor g-shaped nobunaga's Legacy

2607
02:18:47,000 --> 02:18:50,400
as a fiery Comet unpredictable 
transformative. 

2608
02:18:50,400 --> 02:18:55,100
But short-lived A little over, 
what might have been had he 

2609
02:18:55,100 --> 02:18:57,100
survived? 
Would he have forged a stable 

2610
02:18:57,100 --> 02:19:00,100
monarchy or introduced a new 
bureaucratic structure? 

2611
02:19:00,100 --> 02:19:03,799
Might as tolerance of foreign 
presence, have expanded, Japan's

2612
02:19:03,799 --> 02:19:06,900
Global Connections early Or 
could he have become a dreaded, 

2613
02:19:06,900 --> 02:19:10,799
altered, stifling dissent so 
thoroughly as to hamper future 

2614
02:19:10,799 --> 02:19:13,700
evolution. 
The abruptness of his death 

2615
02:19:13,700 --> 02:19:16,000
leaves. 
A swirl of speculation, the 

2616
02:19:16,000 --> 02:19:20,299
sight of Honor get itself stands
in Kyoto, the much rebuilt after

2617
02:19:20,299 --> 02:19:23,700
the conflagration tourists 
passed by a modest Memorial 

2618
02:19:23,700 --> 02:19:27,700
Often overshadowed, by more 
famous temples yet. 

2619
02:19:27,700 --> 02:19:31,400
For students of Japan sengoku 
era that place resonate. 

2620
02:19:31,400 --> 02:19:35,299
As a symbolic Crossroads, the 
Unstoppable warlord ended by his

2621
02:19:35,299 --> 02:19:38,500
retainer Pivoting. 
The entire Arc of national 

2622
02:19:38,500 --> 02:19:41,600
unification. 
The charge remains from that day

2623
02:19:41,600 --> 02:19:44,299
are long gone. 
But glimpses remaining curated 

2624
02:19:44,299 --> 02:19:48,100
relics Diaries and a handful of 
Swords believed to have belonged

2625
02:19:48,100 --> 02:19:51,900
to nobunaga's retinue. 
Each artifact, underscores the 

2626
02:19:51,900 --> 02:19:56,400
transience of power one moment. 
A near omnipotent figure 

2627
02:19:56,400 --> 02:20:00,700
rewriting, the lands Destiny, 
the next, a victim of fate and 

2628
02:20:00,700 --> 02:20:04,100
betrayal. 
Thus the final chapter of 

2629
02:20:04,100 --> 02:20:07,500
nobunaga's life, stands not as a
diminishment, but as a crescendo

2630
02:20:07,500 --> 02:20:11,800
in Falling hemard the impetus 
that others carried forth. 

2631
02:20:12,500 --> 02:20:18,000
Hideo and the entire notion of 
an eventually unified Japan and 

2632
02:20:18,000 --> 02:20:22,100
under a single rule Trace back 
to nobunaga's, Unstoppable wave,

2633
02:20:22,100 --> 02:20:26,300
he forced the country to see the
old code, where our kayak 

2634
02:20:26,300 --> 02:20:28,900
chivalry overshadowed 
modernization was no longer 

2635
02:20:28,900 --> 02:20:33,400
viable in that sense, though, he
vanished in Flames the brand of 

2636
02:20:33,400 --> 02:20:35,400
Revolution, he championed burned
onward. 

2637
02:20:36,200 --> 02:20:38,800
Fueling, the next generation's 
quest to reorder the Nation 

2638
02:20:38,800 --> 02:20:42,800
Under a single banner. 
Post honor G the manner in which

2639
02:20:42,800 --> 02:20:46,800
Oda nobunaga's memory of evolved
offers a profound insight into 

2640
02:20:46,800 --> 02:20:48,800
how Japan processes. 
His historical figures. 

2641
02:20:49,700 --> 02:20:53,000
In the immediate aftermath many 
Warlords excised him from 

2642
02:20:53,000 --> 02:20:56,400
official genealogies. 
He had after all the dismantled 

2643
02:20:56,400 --> 02:21:00,000
searches of tradition, however, 
within a decade references, 

2644
02:21:00,000 --> 02:21:03,800
re-emerged describing him as the
initial impetus that any warlord

2645
02:21:03,800 --> 02:21:05,500
seeking unification must 
emulate. 

2646
02:21:06,400 --> 02:21:09,200
Some local chroniclers wrote, 
tributes praising, the demons 

2647
02:21:09,200 --> 02:21:13,300
Clarity a phrase that captured, 
the Paradox, demon, and cruelty 

2648
02:21:13,300 --> 02:21:17,600
Clarity, and vision. 
Tokugawa yasu, after 

2649
02:21:17,600 --> 02:21:21,700
establishing the Tokugawa, 
shogunate in 1603, quietly 

2650
02:21:21,700 --> 02:21:25,100
ensured That official, records 
didn't overshadow, the Tokugawa 

2651
02:21:25,100 --> 02:21:28,200
sentient narrative with too much
odor, idolization. 

2652
02:21:29,300 --> 02:21:32,300
Yet IAS super personally. 
Revered Noble's decisive 

2653
02:21:32,300 --> 02:21:34,900
approach. 
Private Diaries mentioned how 

2654
02:21:34,900 --> 02:21:37,700
the new Shogun studied old 
Battlefield notes from okay 

2655
02:21:37,700 --> 02:21:41,200
hasama and nagashino gleaning 
insights with the potential 

2656
02:21:41,200 --> 02:21:43,600
crises. 
Ironically the official 

2657
02:21:43,600 --> 02:21:46,600
narrative downplayed odors 
significant to bolster Tokugawa 

2658
02:21:46,600 --> 02:21:50,600
legitimacy that in private, the 
recollection of odors daring 

2659
02:21:50,600 --> 02:21:54,600
strategies continued to provide 
valuable insights Meanwhile 

2660
02:21:54,600 --> 02:21:58,300
rural Legends cropped up casting
the boona is a wrestler spirit. 

2661
02:21:59,100 --> 02:22:02,400
Farmers told Tales of hearing 
Phantom hoofbeats on the stormy 

2662
02:22:02,400 --> 02:22:06,000
nights said to be his ghost 
reenacting night raids and some 

2663
02:22:06,000 --> 02:22:10,200
folk songs nobunaga's Thunder. 
Refer to unexpected storms 

2664
02:22:10,200 --> 02:22:13,700
damaging unharvested Fields, an 
ominous sign of Unstoppable, 

2665
02:22:13,700 --> 02:22:17,200
Force such Tales embedded him 
into the realm of folk 

2666
02:22:17,200 --> 02:22:20,900
Superstition people across 
provinces especially in regions,

2667
02:22:20,900 --> 02:22:24,500
once scorched by his campaigns, 
found Echoes of both or and 

2668
02:22:24,500 --> 02:22:27,200
Dread in these stories by the 
Edo period. 

2669
02:22:27,200 --> 02:22:31,500
Woodblock prints portrayed him 
with stylized armor scowling or 

2670
02:22:31,500 --> 02:22:35,400
triumphant in mid-battle. 
Few dramatizations in Kabuki 

2671
02:22:35,400 --> 02:22:38,000
theater, though. 
Typically focusing on hideyoshi.

2672
02:22:38,700 --> 02:22:42,000
Occasionally included Cameo 
references to Nobby nagas as an 

2673
02:22:42,000 --> 02:22:43,800
unyielding presence over 
shadowing. 

2674
02:22:43,800 --> 02:22:46,700
The stage the sensors of the 
takagawa regime. 

2675
02:22:46,700 --> 02:22:49,900
Usually avoided to picking him 
two favorably, fearful of 

2676
02:22:49,900 --> 02:22:53,300
stirring, rebellious, sentiments
that might Champion a Nobunaga 

2677
02:22:53,300 --> 02:22:56,500
style revolt. 
Despite these constraints 

2678
02:22:56,500 --> 02:22:58,700
underground manuscripts 
circulated. 

2679
02:22:58,700 --> 02:23:01,600
That teased out, his modern 
aspects, like his willingness to

2680
02:23:01,600 --> 02:23:04,000
incorporate foreigners or pushed
Advanced weapons. 

2681
02:23:05,300 --> 02:23:07,800
Samurai, who read them in 
private might feel emboldened by

2682
02:23:07,800 --> 02:23:10,300
the notion of discarding stale 
tradition, in favor of 

2683
02:23:10,300 --> 02:23:15,100
pragmatic, modernity, The Meiji 
Restoration in the late, 19th 

2684
02:23:15,100 --> 02:23:18,500
century revived interest, as 
Japan opened to the world. 

2685
02:23:18,500 --> 02:23:21,800
Some intellectuals lauded 
nobunaga's, Progressive stance 

2686
02:23:21,800 --> 02:23:25,100
on trade and Technology. 
Claiming he was the first modern

2687
02:23:25,100 --> 02:23:28,100
Japanese. 
Western Scholars who visited 

2688
02:23:28,100 --> 02:23:30,800
found in Nobunaga figure 
reminiscent of Europe's, 

2689
02:23:30,800 --> 02:23:33,600
absolute monarchs. 
A man who overcame medieval 

2690
02:23:33,600 --> 02:23:36,700
fragmentation. 
They wrote comparative essays 

2691
02:23:36,700 --> 02:23:41,400
labeling him, a Japanese Caesar 
or Napoleon in Samurai Forum. 

2692
02:23:41,400 --> 02:23:44,300
Although these analogies were 
simplistic, they further 

2693
02:23:44,300 --> 02:23:48,100
cemented his Global Mystique, 
Museum started collecting items 

2694
02:23:48,100 --> 02:23:52,100
rumored to be from his domain 
archibus and partial suits of 

2695
02:23:52,100 --> 02:23:55,600
lacquered armor, each artifact. 
Conveyed a fragment of his 

2696
02:23:55,600 --> 02:23:58,800
Endeavors to propel Japan 
forward centuries in a single 

2697
02:23:58,800 --> 02:24:01,900
generation in the 20th century 
as War. 

2698
02:24:01,900 --> 02:24:03,900
Raged globally. 
Some Japanese. 

2699
02:24:03,900 --> 02:24:06,900
Militarists admired nobunaga's 
on stoppable aggression. 

2700
02:24:06,900 --> 02:24:10,000
They saw him as a model for 
unyielding expansion. 

2701
02:24:10,800 --> 02:24:14,600
Post-war that sentiment cooled 
replaced by a more nuanced 

2702
02:24:14,600 --> 02:24:18,600
academic approach, the emphasis 
shifted toward analyzing his 

2703
02:24:18,600 --> 02:24:22,900
socio-economic policies, like 
standardizing measure systems or

2704
02:24:22,900 --> 02:24:25,100
encouraging open trade in Castle
towns. 

2705
02:24:25,900 --> 02:24:28,500
Contemporary historians 
highlight how those policies 

2706
02:24:28,500 --> 02:24:31,700
laid seeds for an eventual, 
stable economy under the 

2707
02:24:31,700 --> 02:24:34,300
Tokugawa. 
Even if that regime ironically 

2708
02:24:34,300 --> 02:24:37,700
closed off certain foreign 
influences, another wave of 

2709
02:24:37,708 --> 02:24:41,300
scholarship focuses on the 
cultural interplay, the Synergy 

2710
02:24:41,300 --> 02:24:43,700
of Christian missionaries and 
the partial acceptance of their 

2711
02:24:43,700 --> 02:24:48,500
ideas that might have blossomed 
further had Nobunaga endured In 

2712
02:24:48,500 --> 02:24:50,800
popular culture of the late 20th
and early 21st. 

2713
02:24:50,800 --> 02:24:53,900
Centuries. 
A deluge of creative retellings,

2714
02:24:53,900 --> 02:24:57,600
reimagined him. 
Video games, featuring sengoku 

2715
02:24:57,600 --> 02:25:01,300
battles depict him as a fearsome
Overlord with unstoppable, power

2716
02:25:01,300 --> 02:25:04,800
ups and specialized guns, squads
mango and animate often play 

2717
02:25:04,800 --> 02:25:08,400
with the Demon King label. 
Recasting him in time, slip 

2718
02:25:08,400 --> 02:25:12,400
scenarios or comedic subplots. 
Dramas vary from an honorable 

2719
02:25:12,400 --> 02:25:15,300
anti-hero forging. 
Unity to a borderline sadistic 

2720
02:25:15,300 --> 02:25:18,500
tyrant. 
This Brett of interpretations 

2721
02:25:18,500 --> 02:25:22,600
testifies to his complexity, 
even in a comedic Cameo, the 

2722
02:25:22,600 --> 02:25:26,700
essence of Unstoppable change 
remains he's recognized as the 

2723
02:25:26,700 --> 02:25:29,200
impetus behind Japan's. 
Transition from fractious, 

2724
02:25:29,200 --> 02:25:33,100
medieval to the cusp of early 
modern hence the modern lens 

2725
02:25:33,100 --> 02:25:35,700
shifts through centuries of 
contradiction. 

2726
02:25:36,700 --> 02:25:39,900
Was he monstrous and cruelty or 
heroic in forging? 

2727
02:25:39,900 --> 02:25:43,100
A stable path? 
Did he Embrace foreign ideas out

2728
02:25:43,100 --> 02:25:45,500
of genuine openness or purely 
for Advantage? 

2729
02:25:46,100 --> 02:25:48,900
Did he Harbours future blueprint
for a stable monarchy? 

2730
02:25:48,900 --> 02:25:51,200
Or was he improvising day by 
day? 

2731
02:25:51,200 --> 02:25:53,600
Exploiting each short-term 
opportunity. 

2732
02:25:53,600 --> 02:25:56,200
The record suggests. 
All these angles might hold 

2733
02:25:56,200 --> 02:25:59,000
truth. 
He was multifaceted a man, 

2734
02:25:59,008 --> 02:26:02,200
Unshackled by tradition, ready 
to harness any advantage, 

2735
02:26:02,200 --> 02:26:04,600
Unstoppable, until undone by 
betrayal. 

2736
02:26:05,600 --> 02:26:08,500
In that sense. 
Oda nobunaga's name remains a 

2737
02:26:08,500 --> 02:26:10,600
prism, turn it one way. 
You see? 

2738
02:26:10,600 --> 02:26:13,300
A progressive champion of 
modernization tilted? 

2739
02:26:13,300 --> 02:26:17,500
Another, a fearsome Reaper of 
old shrines and foes Japan's 

2740
02:26:17,500 --> 02:26:19,000
memory. 
And the world's Fascination 

2741
02:26:19,000 --> 02:26:22,700
revolve around these shifting 
lights among lesson, known 

2742
02:26:22,700 --> 02:26:25,500
facets of nobunaga's. 
Story is his personal retinue of

2743
02:26:25,508 --> 02:26:28,600
varied, advisors, some from 
backgrounds, not typically 

2744
02:26:28,600 --> 02:26:32,100
admitted to Samurai Council. 
He believed that rank was earned

2745
02:26:32,100 --> 02:26:36,100
by Merit an unusual stance. 
For the time for instance, he 

2746
02:26:36,100 --> 02:26:38,500
wants a pointed, a skilled 
blacksmith to direct certain 

2747
02:26:38,500 --> 02:26:41,700
Siege engine Creations, that was
heresy, in the eyes of 

2748
02:26:41,700 --> 02:26:44,500
traditional samurai, a 
blacksmith leading Warriors. 

2749
02:26:45,400 --> 02:26:48,900
Nopar brushed off the critics 
pointing to results the 

2750
02:26:48,900 --> 02:26:51,400
blacksmith's. 
Technical cunning helped Forge, 

2751
02:26:51,400 --> 02:26:54,100
Innovative catapults that 
battered a walled Fortress into 

2752
02:26:54,100 --> 02:26:56,800
submission. 
This anecdote though, 

2753
02:26:56,800 --> 02:27:00,000
overshadowed in mainstream 
accounts, exemplifies his break 

2754
02:27:00,000 --> 02:27:03,800
from hierarchical norms. 
Another overlooked detail lies 

2755
02:27:03,800 --> 02:27:07,000
in the realm of intelligence 
gathering Nobunaga, according to

2756
02:27:07,000 --> 02:27:11,000
scattered Diaries established, a
nascent Espionage Network in 

2757
02:27:11,000 --> 02:27:14,200
Kyoto and Merchants towns. 
He recognized that raw might 

2758
02:27:14,200 --> 02:27:16,300
alone. 
Wouldn't keep him ahead through 

2759
02:27:16,300 --> 02:27:18,400
discreet, watches, some 
disguised as traveling 

2760
02:27:18,400 --> 02:27:21,300
entertainers. 
Some as pilgrims gleaned updates

2761
02:27:21,300 --> 02:27:24,400
on Rival Lords, alliances or 
fractures Buddhist sects 

2762
02:27:24,408 --> 02:27:27,700
plotting and Secret. this 
network of information helped 

2763
02:27:27,700 --> 02:27:30,900
prevent revolts and enabled him 
to intercept Clan collusion 

2764
02:27:31,700 --> 02:27:35,800
Well, Espionage existed in Prior
era's, Nobunaga systematized, it

2765
02:27:35,808 --> 02:27:38,800
more thoroughly reflecting, a 
willingness to adopt, whatever, 

2766
02:27:38,800 --> 02:27:41,700
gave him an edge. 
One, puzzling Dimension was his 

2767
02:27:41,700 --> 02:27:45,600
attitude to the Imperial Court. 
Typically Warlords are the 

2768
02:27:45,600 --> 02:27:48,300
revered, the Emperor as a 
symbolic pivot or ignored him. 

2769
02:27:49,200 --> 02:27:51,500
Nobunaga courted. 
The courts favor in a measured 

2770
02:27:51,500 --> 02:27:54,600
way, offering them economic 
assistance, we furbishing 

2771
02:27:54,600 --> 02:27:57,800
certain neglected Palace halls 
and ensuring the emperor's 

2772
02:27:57,800 --> 02:28:00,000
dignity. 
This was not out of pure 

2773
02:28:00,000 --> 02:28:02,300
devotion. 
It was a strategic move by 

2774
02:28:02,300 --> 02:28:05,100
championing the emperor's 
Prestige, he legitimized his 

2775
02:28:05,100 --> 02:28:09,600
expansions at some ceremonies, 
he arrived in flamboyant attire.

2776
02:28:09,600 --> 02:28:13,800
Overshadowing lesser Lords, then
humbly bowed before the emperor 

2777
02:28:13,800 --> 02:28:17,100
an old mixture of vanity in a 
basement that left Watchers on 

2778
02:28:17,100 --> 02:28:21,300
certain how to interpret him. 
the emperor, the powerless, in 

2779
02:28:21,300 --> 02:28:25,300
martial terms, recognize that 
nobody's guardianship provided a

2780
02:28:25,300 --> 02:28:29,400
stable environment for the court
survival, thus a polite if 

2781
02:28:29,400 --> 02:28:34,700
uneasy Synergy arose, Nobunaga's
personal life, beyond the 

2782
02:28:34,700 --> 02:28:37,000
political realm remains 
partially veiled. 

2783
02:28:37,600 --> 02:28:40,100
He married multiple times 
forging alliances with 

2784
02:28:40,100 --> 02:28:43,400
significant families. 
Notably little is said about 

2785
02:28:43,400 --> 02:28:46,700
deep personal attachments. 
Some historians wonder if he 

2786
02:28:46,700 --> 02:28:50,300
maintained an emotional remove 
seeing marriage as a strategic 

2787
02:28:50,300 --> 02:28:53,100
game. 
Personal Diary Snippets suggests

2788
02:28:53,100 --> 02:28:56,500
a fleeting mention of a beloved 
consort but her name remains 

2789
02:28:56,500 --> 02:29:00,600
uncertain lost in burned records
or overshadowed by former 

2790
02:29:00,600 --> 02:29:03,000
marriages. 
The Narrative is incomplete. 

2791
02:29:03,000 --> 02:29:07,200
Overshadowed by Warfare logs and
alliances it unders. 

2792
02:29:07,200 --> 02:29:09,900
How the official story seldom 
captures intimate sentiments 

2793
02:29:09,900 --> 02:29:12,600
specially for a man? 
So public in ambition. 

2794
02:29:13,500 --> 02:29:16,400
One room at anecdote, from 
Castle staff claims that 

2795
02:29:16,400 --> 02:29:20,000
Nobunaga had a private reading 
habit, poetry, anthologies, from

2796
02:29:20,000 --> 02:29:22,200
the ham period and Chinese 
military treaters. 

2797
02:29:22,200 --> 02:29:25,900
He found parallels between 
ancient poems praising ephemeral

2798
02:29:25,900 --> 02:29:29,900
blossoms and the transients of 
alliance's He told a close 

2799
02:29:29,900 --> 02:29:32,200
retainer that the ephemeral 
nature of cherry blossoms 

2800
02:29:32,200 --> 02:29:34,000
matched. 
The ephemeral nature of men's 

2801
02:29:34,000 --> 02:29:37,100
loyalty some guests, this 
reflection spurred him to adopt 

2802
02:29:37,100 --> 02:29:39,700
Savage efficiency in the 
stamping out, potential threats,

2803
02:29:39,700 --> 02:29:43,600
believing that if a blossom 
would fall, anyway, best to do 

2804
02:29:43,600 --> 02:29:47,200
so on his terms whether or not 
that anecdote is fully accurate.

2805
02:29:47,200 --> 02:29:51,300
It captures the sense that a 
philosophical thread ran under 

2806
02:29:51,300 --> 02:29:54,600
his pragmatic exterior. 
As for the everyday peasant or 

2807
02:29:54,600 --> 02:29:57,600
merchants in his expanding 
territory, the experience was 

2808
02:29:57,600 --> 02:29:59,800
double-edged. 
They might face forced 

2809
02:29:59,800 --> 02:30:02,100
relocations or heavy Corvette 
labor to build new 

2810
02:30:02,100 --> 02:30:04,900
fortifications. 
But once integrated, they also 

2811
02:30:04,900 --> 02:30:07,900
benefited from relative security
and New Roads that spurred 

2812
02:30:07,900 --> 02:30:10,300
Commerce. 
Contemporary letters from 

2813
02:30:10,300 --> 02:30:12,300
Village. 
Headmen describe a mix of relief

2814
02:30:12,300 --> 02:30:15,000
at decreased local Warfare. 
And disquiet about the 

2815
02:30:15,000 --> 02:30:17,100
unwavering demands of the odor 
Administration. 

2816
02:30:17,100 --> 02:30:21,000
Taxes might be consistent. 
But if the local official was 

2817
02:30:21,000 --> 02:30:25,100
incompetent, they feared 
nobunaga's retrobution entire 

2818
02:30:25,100 --> 02:30:27,800
hamlets might be sacked if 
accused of harbouring, rebels. 

2819
02:30:27,800 --> 02:30:32,700
So, daily life was balanced 
between a Karma and the dread 

2820
02:30:32,700 --> 02:30:34,800
that a single misstep. 
Could provoke a brutal. 

2821
02:30:34,800 --> 02:30:39,600
Crackdown He neared the Final 
Chapter, some retellings, he 

2822
02:30:39,600 --> 02:30:42,600
grew more flamboyant. 
He staged Banquets with the 

2823
02:30:42,600 --> 02:30:46,500
Kabuki or comedic plays wearing 
a labyrinth kimonos, others 

2824
02:30:46,500 --> 02:30:49,700
emphasize, and increasing 
paranoia pushing him to punish 

2825
02:30:49,700 --> 02:30:53,000
even minor affronts. 
Possibly both narrow who was 

2826
02:30:53,000 --> 02:30:55,400
contained truth. 
The Synergy of a man who 

2827
02:30:55,400 --> 02:30:57,900
recognized he was on the cusp of
forging a new Epoch. 

2828
02:30:57,900 --> 02:31:01,200
Yet felt the Press of Potential 
betrayals from every corner. 

2829
02:31:01,200 --> 02:31:03,400
Could produce a contradictory 
stance. 

2830
02:31:03,400 --> 02:31:06,500
Lavish celebration. 
One day Savage clamped down the 

2831
02:31:06,500 --> 02:31:10,700
next ultimately that tension 
stopped at hamaji leaving. 

2832
02:31:10,700 --> 02:31:14,600
Him consumed by betrayal. 
In the end, these lesser known 

2833
02:31:14,600 --> 02:31:18,800
details, his Espionage, 
unorthodox appointments subtler,

2834
02:31:18,800 --> 02:31:21,500
alliances with the Imperial 
Court and personal reading 

2835
02:31:21,500 --> 02:31:24,900
habits. 
Magnify how complex, odor was 

2836
02:31:24,900 --> 02:31:28,400
not purely The Demon King not 
purely, the modernizing 

2837
02:31:28,400 --> 02:31:32,800
champion, he Traverse spaces 
Beyond simplistic labels, his 

2838
02:31:32,800 --> 02:31:36,500
story though, overshadowed by 
dramatic battles resonates in 

2839
02:31:36,500 --> 02:31:40,400
the subtle underpinning of how 
he managed Realms resources and 

2840
02:31:40,400 --> 02:31:43,700
relationships. 
It hints that while overshadowed

2841
02:31:43,700 --> 02:31:47,400
by an era of swirling conflict. 
His efforts carved out A New 

2842
02:31:47,400 --> 02:31:50,100
Path from medieval fragmentation
to emergence of central 

2843
02:31:50,100 --> 02:31:52,500
Authority. 
Paving the way for hideo. 

2844
02:31:52,500 --> 02:31:55,300
Yoshi, yay. 
And the eventual dawn of a 

2845
02:31:55,300 --> 02:31:58,800
stable will be at closed Japan 
under the takagawa. 

2846
02:31:59,500 --> 02:32:03,600
Standing at the Confluence of 
myth and fact Oda Nobunaga 

2847
02:32:03,600 --> 02:32:06,000
remains a singular figure in 
Japan's, historical 

2848
02:32:06,000 --> 02:32:08,900
consciousness. 
Centuries of passed since that 

2849
02:32:08,900 --> 02:32:13,100
fateful day in 1582. 
A shadow of Honor, gingers 

2850
02:32:13,100 --> 02:32:17,500
observers even in modern times, 
seeing him attention between 

2851
02:32:17,500 --> 02:32:21,000
brutality, Enlightenment 
tradition and radical 

2852
02:32:21,000 --> 02:32:23,900
innovation. 
His presence looms of the 

2853
02:32:23,900 --> 02:32:28,000
sengoku era, overshadowing many 
of his contemporaries because he

2854
02:32:28,000 --> 02:32:30,000
alone dared to step outside. 
The old rules. 

2855
02:32:30,000 --> 02:32:34,600
So dramatically One wonders. 
How if not to heeds coup Japan's

2856
02:32:34,600 --> 02:32:37,000
path? 
Might differ, maybe nobody would

2857
02:32:37,000 --> 02:32:40,400
have extended even friendly a 
ties with the West fostering 

2858
02:32:40,400 --> 02:32:43,800
deeper trade, or adopting. 
New science is some speculate. 

2859
02:32:43,800 --> 02:32:46,100
He might have orchestrated a 
national bureaucracy. 

2860
02:32:46,100 --> 02:32:48,100
Well, before Tokugawa, 
consolidation. 

2861
02:32:48,800 --> 02:32:50,600
Speeding modernization by 
centuries. 

2862
02:32:51,500 --> 02:32:54,200
Others argue, the pace of 
Western contact was still too 

2863
02:32:54,200 --> 02:32:57,600
slow and that his stance on 
Christianity was too ambiguous 

2864
02:32:57,600 --> 02:33:01,100
to create a real opening or 
perhaps his severity would have 

2865
02:33:01,100 --> 02:33:04,900
ignited a larger civil revolt. 
Ting, his story short anyway 

2866
02:33:04,900 --> 02:33:09,400
such conjectures swirl Because 
the actual drama ended abruptly 

2867
02:33:09,400 --> 02:33:13,400
leaving a vacuum for hidden 
Yoshi and the aasu to fill 

2868
02:33:14,300 --> 02:33:18,100
Modern Japan historians group, 
him among the three great 

2869
02:33:18,100 --> 02:33:22,000
unifiers will be at the earliest
and the most audacious hideyoshi

2870
02:33:22,000 --> 02:33:26,700
refined yasu and trenched but 
Nobunaga was the Unstoppable. 

2871
02:33:26,700 --> 02:33:31,500
Spark various local festivals in
gifu or Nagoya, celebrate him as

2872
02:33:31,500 --> 02:33:34,200
an iconic. 
Local Hero, perhaps ignoring the

2873
02:33:34,200 --> 02:33:38,100
cruelty that charred the walls 
of temples The Duality remains 

2874
02:33:38,100 --> 02:33:42,600
parades costumed, and flamboyant
odor regalia hosting cheerful 

2875
02:33:42,600 --> 02:33:46,200
crowds ironically commemorating 
a man who showed little Mercy to

2876
02:33:46,200 --> 02:33:48,500
foes. 
Yeah, that contradiction is not 

2877
02:33:48,500 --> 02:33:50,700
lost on participants, who 
acknowledge that? 

2878
02:33:50,700 --> 02:33:52,700
Forging a new order seldom 
occurs gently. 

2879
02:33:53,500 --> 02:33:55,700
Schools in Japan. 
Mentioned him in textbooks will 

2880
02:33:55,700 --> 02:33:59,600
be at briefly formidable Lord 
who championed guns overcame the

2881
02:33:59,600 --> 02:34:03,200
emigalo. 
Gee. 

2882
02:34:04,100 --> 02:34:06,800
This truncated version rarely 
delves into his approach to 

2883
02:34:06,800 --> 02:34:08,600
governance or the 
transformations in Commerce. 

2884
02:34:08,600 --> 02:34:11,900
He championed by academic 
circles delve deeper 

2885
02:34:11,900 --> 02:34:15,200
re-evaluating newly found 
Diaries or cross-referencing 

2886
02:34:15,200 --> 02:34:18,700
Portuguese Mission letters. 
Each reexamination can shift the

2887
02:34:18,700 --> 02:34:22,200
new ones was he truly a patron 
of broadminded exchange or just 

2888
02:34:22,200 --> 02:34:25,400
pragmatic about receiving 
Advanced Weaponry did his free 

2889
02:34:25,400 --> 02:34:29,200
market instincts come from moral
convictions or from a desire to 

2890
02:34:29,200 --> 02:34:32,800
centralize well under his 
control The records are 

2891
02:34:32,800 --> 02:34:34,700
incomplete. 
Ensuring debates. 

2892
02:34:34,700 --> 02:34:38,000
Continue. 
Outside Japan, popular culture 

2893
02:34:38,000 --> 02:34:41,600
globalized his name. 
Strategy games depict him as a 

2894
02:34:41,600 --> 02:34:45,000
charismatic conqueror with 
cutting-edge muskets anime 

2895
02:34:45,000 --> 02:34:46,800
series swirl him into fantasy 
battles. 

2896
02:34:47,800 --> 02:34:49,300
Occasionally. 
They highlight the Heartbreak of

2897
02:34:49,300 --> 02:34:51,700
betrayal. 
Other times, the Unstoppable 

2898
02:34:51,700 --> 02:34:55,400
conquests In global narratives 
about heroic tyrants. 

2899
02:34:55,400 --> 02:35:00,500
Odin, orgas stands comfortably 
among Genghis, Khan Napoleon and

2900
02:35:00,500 --> 02:35:02,600
other icons of Unstoppable 
expansion. 

2901
02:35:03,600 --> 02:35:07,000
The Mythic Dimension grows with 
each retelling overshadowing 

2902
02:35:07,000 --> 02:35:09,900
smaller truths, like how he 
dealt daily with Petty Clan 

2903
02:35:09,900 --> 02:35:11,900
disputes or Municipal tax 
controverses? 

2904
02:35:11,900 --> 02:35:15,100
Yet, those small truths made the
difference in his success. 

2905
02:35:15,100 --> 02:35:18,900
The Capacity to handle detail 
from forging muskets to forging 

2906
02:35:18,900 --> 02:35:20,700
Pax with blacksmiths and foreign
Traders. 

2907
02:35:21,700 --> 02:35:24,300
Perhaps the ultimate takeaway is
that leadership in a time of 

2908
02:35:24,300 --> 02:35:27,500
flux is rarely. 
Pure nobunaga's story under 

2909
02:35:27,500 --> 02:35:31,000
scores, how seizing, the moment 
demands leaps of imagination, a 

2910
02:35:31,000 --> 02:35:33,700
willingness to adopt unfamiliar 
tools and Readiness, for 

2911
02:35:33,700 --> 02:35:36,700
pushback from entrenched 
interests, but such leaps. 

2912
02:35:36,700 --> 02:35:39,100
Can also breed enemies from 
unexpected places. 

2913
02:35:39,100 --> 02:35:43,600
He overcame vast hurdles only to
be undone by the retainer whose 

2914
02:35:43,600 --> 02:35:47,000
loyalty he took for granted. 
The caution is timeless. 

2915
02:35:47,600 --> 02:35:50,700
And stoppable impetus might 
yield breathtaking victories. 

2916
02:35:50,700 --> 02:35:54,900
But ignoring the intricacies of 
trust, can prove fatal for all 

2917
02:35:54,900 --> 02:35:58,700
the rancor, the story of Oda 
Nobunaga is also one of bridging

2918
02:35:58,700 --> 02:36:01,400
a medieval fractiousness to a 
future marked by Central 

2919
02:36:01,400 --> 02:36:04,900
governance, the Unstoppable 
impetus, he began was not fully 

2920
02:36:04,900 --> 02:36:09,000
realized in his lifetime but the
impetus did not die at honor G. 

2921
02:36:09,700 --> 02:36:13,400
Continued through his successes 
culminating in a unified though,

2922
02:36:13,400 --> 02:36:18,800
autocratic, Tokugawa regime. 
So in a sense he was the father 

2923
02:36:18,800 --> 02:36:22,000
of modern Japan in everything 
but his official name that's the

2924
02:36:22,000 --> 02:36:24,500
irony, the one who set the stage
for stability. 

2925
02:36:24,500 --> 02:36:27,400
Never personally enjoyed it. 
His life ended in a 

2926
02:36:27,408 --> 02:36:31,000
conflagration leaving fans of 
heroic epic to mourn that the 

2927
02:36:31,000 --> 02:36:33,700
Unstoppable path ended. 
Just short of the final victory.

2928
02:36:34,600 --> 02:36:38,900
Perhaps that ending paradoxical 
amplifies, his Legend in a land 

2929
02:36:38,908 --> 02:36:41,300
that often underscores the 
ephemeral beauty of cherry 

2930
02:36:41,300 --> 02:36:43,100
blossoms. 
Fleeting in their Prime 

2931
02:36:43,100 --> 02:36:46,900
nobunaga's abrupt demise at the 
Apex of his might resonates as 

2932
02:36:46,900 --> 02:36:48,800
an epic. 
Tragic, flourish. 

2933
02:36:49,500 --> 02:36:52,300
Even as a new Japan, eventually 
dawned under different hands. 

2934
02:36:52,300 --> 02:36:56,000
The memory of the one who dared 
to break every mold to score on 

2935
02:36:56,000 --> 02:36:59,400
our kick codes and to forcibly 
shape, the realm remains an 

2936
02:36:59,400 --> 02:37:03,000
endless source of contemplation 
debate and creative inspiration.

2937
02:37:03,800 --> 02:37:08,200
A name that centuries later 
remains intertwined with the 

2938
02:37:08,200 --> 02:37:11,700
Unstoppable drive to unify a 
Land once splintered by War 

2939
02:37:11,700 --> 02:37:16,000
overshadowed, only by the final 
violent, twist of fate, that 

2940
02:37:16,000 --> 02:37:19,400
gave rise to a legend beyond the
measures of success or failure. 

2941
02:37:35,400 --> 02:37:38,500
The first voice came not with 
thunderous Clarity, but as a 

2942
02:37:38,500 --> 02:37:42,400
whisper easily mistaken for Wind
Through the garden, I was 13 

2943
02:37:42,400 --> 02:37:45,800
Gathering herbs behind my 
father, Jacques house in Dormer,

2944
02:37:45,800 --> 02:37:48,100
Ami. 
Most people remember me? 

2945
02:37:48,100 --> 02:37:50,600
Describing the voice as 
appearing with blinding light at

2946
02:37:50,600 --> 02:37:54,900
noon, but the truth differs it 
was actually dusk the owl when 

2947
02:37:54,900 --> 02:37:57,100
Shadows transform into something
else entirely. 

2948
02:37:58,000 --> 02:38:01,200
Jahan. 
It said my name in the old 

2949
02:38:01,200 --> 02:38:04,900
tongue, it was familiar. 
Not commanding know frightening 

2950
02:38:04,900 --> 02:38:07,500
like someone who had known me 
before I knew myself. 

2951
02:38:08,400 --> 02:38:11,000
I dropped my basket herb 
scattering across soil. 

2952
02:38:11,000 --> 02:38:14,800
Still warm from the day's son. 
No one had prepared me for this 

2953
02:38:14,800 --> 02:38:17,000
moment. 
Even though our priests fathers 

2954
02:38:17,000 --> 02:38:20,300
are Frontier frequently, spoke 
about Saints and visions. 

2955
02:38:21,100 --> 02:38:24,100
People imagine I was overcome 
with religious Ecstasy, but my 

2956
02:38:24,100 --> 02:38:27,500
initial reaction was irritation.
I had chores to finish before 

2957
02:38:27,500 --> 02:38:29,400
dark. 
And mother would scold me for 

2958
02:38:29,400 --> 02:38:31,600
dallying only, when the voice 
came again. 

2959
02:38:31,600 --> 02:38:34,000
Three days later, while I 
attended our sheep, did I begin 

2960
02:38:34,000 --> 02:38:36,100
to understand. 
It was Michael, the Archangel 

2961
02:38:36,100 --> 02:38:39,400
though he did not announce 
himself grandly he simply began 

2962
02:38:39,400 --> 02:38:41,700
speaking as if he were 
continuing a long established 

2963
02:38:41,700 --> 02:38:45,300
conversation. 
Our village existed in Perpetual

2964
02:38:45,300 --> 02:38:48,500
anxiety, the English and 
burgundians raided regularly 

2965
02:38:48,500 --> 02:38:50,900
forcing us to flee with our 
livestock to the nearby 

2966
02:38:50,900 --> 02:38:54,600
fortified island of ocular. 
My father served as a village 

2967
02:38:54,600 --> 02:38:57,100
official Dean. 
They called him and I watched 

2968
02:38:57,100 --> 02:39:00,300
how the weight of protecting 
others bet his shoulders, when 

2969
02:39:00,300 --> 02:39:02,700
he returned from bearing, 
neighbors killed in raids. 

2970
02:39:04,100 --> 02:39:08,700
He sits silently by our half. 
Staring at nothing. 

2971
02:39:10,300 --> 02:39:13,000
This was the inheritance of 
every child in Lorraine. 

2972
02:39:13,000 --> 02:39:16,000
The knowledge that safety was 
temporary violence. 

2973
02:39:16,000 --> 02:39:20,000
Inevitable. 
The voices Catherine and 

2974
02:39:20,000 --> 02:39:22,800
Margaret joined, Michael. 
Eventually did not immediately 

2975
02:39:22,800 --> 02:39:26,900
speak of saving France. 
He spoke of me how I must remain

2976
02:39:26,900 --> 02:39:28,800
pure, how I must listen 
carefully. 

2977
02:39:29,800 --> 02:39:33,400
People think I was a simple girl
that Simplicity was impossible 

2978
02:39:33,400 --> 02:39:37,200
in our border region where 
language loyalty and custom 

2979
02:39:37,200 --> 02:39:40,900
blurred, we spoke a dialect that
was neither purely French. 

2980
02:39:40,900 --> 02:39:44,700
Norman we pledged allegiance to 
Lords whose names changed with 

2981
02:39:44,700 --> 02:39:47,700
the seasons. 
You will recognize the dofan 

2982
02:39:47,700 --> 02:39:50,400
they told me once though, I had 
never traveled beyond our Valley

2983
02:39:50,400 --> 02:39:53,400
and had never seen nobility safe
for occasional passing nights. 

2984
02:39:53,400 --> 02:39:57,000
How inquired my ignorance 
weighing heavily on my mind? 

2985
02:39:57,000 --> 02:39:59,500
You will know was all they 
answered. 

2986
02:39:59,500 --> 02:40:01,800
Mother taught me to sew and 
spin. 

2987
02:40:01,800 --> 02:40:05,000
Not knowing these domestic 
skills would later serve me well

2988
02:40:05,000 --> 02:40:07,900
in Army Camps. 
Father, taught me to manage our 

2989
02:40:07,900 --> 02:40:11,000
few acres and to recognize when 
rain threatened the hay Harvest,

2990
02:40:11,000 --> 02:40:14,900
these mundane lessons proved as 
crucial as anything the voices 

2991
02:40:14,900 --> 02:40:17,800
imparted. 
I hit the voices from everyone, 

2992
02:40:17,800 --> 02:40:20,200
especially my dear friend over 
yet. 

2993
02:40:21,000 --> 02:40:22,900
We Gather flowers for the church
altars together. 

2994
02:40:22,908 --> 02:40:26,300
Gossiped about Village, boys. 
And waded in the Meuse River 

2995
02:40:26,300 --> 02:40:29,600
during Summer's heat. 
Normalcy became my disguise. 

2996
02:40:29,600 --> 02:40:32,100
When my mother, spoke of 
arranging a marriage with the 

2997
02:40:32,100 --> 02:40:35,400
son of a nearby farmer, I need 
neither agreed or objected 

2998
02:40:35,400 --> 02:40:38,300
though, the voice is had already
commanded my virginity be 

2999
02:40:38,300 --> 02:40:42,500
preserved I simply continued 
spinning wool, kneading bread 

3000
02:40:42,500 --> 02:40:46,100
and appearing unchanged while 
something profound transformed. 

3001
02:40:46,100 --> 02:40:49,500
Within me the summer, it turned 
16 English forces. 

3002
02:40:49,500 --> 02:40:52,900
Pushed deeper into our region. 
I watched refugees stream 

3003
02:40:52,900 --> 02:40:56,200
through domrey women carrying 
whatever possessions they could 

3004
02:40:56,200 --> 02:40:59,700
save men with haunted eyes and 
children to exhausted to cry. 

3005
02:40:59,700 --> 02:41:03,200
They brought stories of 
villages, burned of harvest 

3006
02:41:03,200 --> 02:41:06,500
destroyed, and of casual 
cruelties inflicted by mercenary

3007
02:41:06,500 --> 02:41:08,700
soldiers, who fought for coin 
rather than calls. 

3008
02:41:09,500 --> 02:41:12,300
One night while our family 
sheltered in the church during a

3009
02:41:12,300 --> 02:41:14,500
raid. 
I watched a woman Rock her dead.

3010
02:41:14,500 --> 02:41:17,800
Infant refusing to acknowledge 
the child had stopped breathing 

3011
02:41:17,800 --> 02:41:21,400
hours before. 
Something hardened in me, then a

3012
02:41:21,400 --> 02:41:23,500
resolve that matched the voices 
growing urgency. 

3013
02:41:24,400 --> 02:41:26,600
It is time. 
Michael told me as Autumn Leaves

3014
02:41:26,600 --> 02:41:29,800
fell as France bleeds. 
The King's son hides while the 

3015
02:41:29,800 --> 02:41:33,100
kingdom crumbles. 
I am a girl who cannot read. 

3016
02:41:33,100 --> 02:41:35,400
I answered. 
I've never held a sword. 

3017
02:41:36,100 --> 02:41:38,500
Yet you will lead armies. 
Catherine replied. 

3018
02:41:39,300 --> 02:41:42,300
I laughed aloud at this 
absurdity earning a questioning 

3019
02:41:42,300 --> 02:41:44,800
look from my brother Pierre As 
We Gather kindling in the 

3020
02:41:44,800 --> 02:41:48,900
forest. you were chosen before 
birth Margaret, added not for 

3021
02:41:48,900 --> 02:41:53,600
your knowledge, but for your 
heart, Has winter approached the

3022
02:41:53,600 --> 02:41:56,600
guns and soldiers, burned part 
of our village, I helped 

3023
02:41:56,600 --> 02:41:58,900
neighbor's Salvage, what 
remained of their homes by 

3024
02:41:58,900 --> 02:42:01,700
digging through Ash for cooking 
pots and for anything usable. 

3025
02:42:02,500 --> 02:42:05,100
The voice is grew more. 
Insistent speaking, not just in 

3026
02:42:05,100 --> 02:42:08,900
Quiet Moments, but during daily 
tasks during mass and during 

3027
02:42:08,900 --> 02:42:12,600
rare moments of Village 
celebration, Go to vacuums. 

3028
02:42:12,600 --> 02:42:17,300
They commanded speak to Herbert 
record name, the Garrison 

3029
02:42:17,300 --> 02:42:20,500
Commander, a Gruff Soldier loyal
to the uncrowned fair. 

3030
02:42:20,500 --> 02:42:22,700
What? 
I didn't know was how a peasant 

3031
02:42:22,700 --> 02:42:25,500
girl might gain his audience, 
how I might convince him of the 

3032
02:42:25,500 --> 02:42:28,200
Divine messages. 
Only, I could hear, but the 

3033
02:42:28,200 --> 02:42:29,600
voice is left, no room for 
doubt. 

3034
02:42:29,600 --> 02:42:33,200
I would go, I would speak. 
I would begin this impossible 

3035
02:42:33,200 --> 02:42:35,800
Journey. 
So, I planted my hair one. 

3036
02:42:35,800 --> 02:42:37,400
Final time before. 
Cutting it away. 

3037
02:42:37,400 --> 02:42:40,200
Trading A daughter's life for 
something without precedent. 

3038
02:42:40,200 --> 02:42:43,100
My cousin Johan. 
Laswa thought I was insane, when

3039
02:42:43,100 --> 02:42:44,800
I asked him to escort me to 
vocular. 

3040
02:42:44,800 --> 02:42:48,600
A practical, man with calloused 
hands and a Perpetual Furrow 

3041
02:42:48,600 --> 02:42:49,900
between his brows nonetheless 
agreed. 

3042
02:42:49,900 --> 02:42:53,200
Perhaps out of curiosity about 
what a transformed his once 

3043
02:42:53,200 --> 02:42:57,000
quiet, cousin into someone who 
spoke with unnerving certainty. 

3044
02:42:57,800 --> 02:42:59,700
Three times. 
You will knock on the captain's 

3045
02:42:59,700 --> 02:43:01,900
door. 
Catherine told me twice. 

3046
02:43:01,900 --> 02:43:05,000
He will refuse you. 
The third time, he will listen. 

3047
02:43:06,500 --> 02:43:10,600
During the January journey to my
feet became numb from wearing 

3048
02:43:10,600 --> 02:43:14,000
worn, leather shoes, Frost 
glazed the bare trees, like, 

3049
02:43:14,000 --> 02:43:16,200
spun sugar, beautiful and 
bitter. 

3050
02:43:16,200 --> 02:43:20,200
I'd never traveled so far from 
home a mere 20 miles that 

3051
02:43:20,200 --> 02:43:23,600
stretched like a pilgrimage. 
Jeron filled silence is with 

3052
02:43:23,600 --> 02:43:26,000
nervous chatter about his 
Vineyard and about Village 

3053
02:43:26,000 --> 02:43:28,300
gossip carefully. 
Avoiding question about my 

3054
02:43:28,300 --> 02:43:30,200
purpose and we crested the final
Hill. 

3055
02:43:31,300 --> 02:43:32,900
What exactly will you say to 
him? 

3056
02:43:32,900 --> 02:43:36,300
He finally asked as vocalists 
stonewall's, came into view. 

3057
02:43:36,300 --> 02:43:39,100
The truth seemed both too 
simple, and to extraordinary. 

3058
02:43:40,000 --> 02:43:42,600
Voices From Heaven commanded me 
to seek an audience with the 

3059
02:43:42,600 --> 02:43:45,900
Garrison Commander so that I 
could eventually lead the dofan 

3060
02:43:45,900 --> 02:43:50,300
to his coronation at Ryan's. 
Instead I said only what God 

3061
02:43:50,300 --> 02:43:53,800
wishes me to say. 
Boudreaux cause guards snickered

3062
02:43:53,800 --> 02:43:56,700
at the sight of me a peasant, 
girl, in a Homespun dress, 

3063
02:43:56,700 --> 02:43:59,600
requesting an audience with 
their Commander, but something 

3064
02:43:59,600 --> 02:44:02,300
in my demeanor made them 
hesitate to Simply turn me away.

3065
02:44:03,100 --> 02:44:06,100
Perhaps it was the way I stood 
as if inhabited by something 

3066
02:44:06,100 --> 02:44:09,000
larger than myself. 
They brought record to the 

3067
02:44:09,008 --> 02:44:12,400
Courtyard rather than admitting 
me to his quarters, a public 

3068
02:44:12,400 --> 02:44:15,500
humiliation intended to 
discourage further persistence. 

3069
02:44:16,300 --> 02:44:18,900
The Heavenly Lord has a messages
concerning the welfare of 

3070
02:44:18,900 --> 02:44:21,600
France. 
I announced boring formality. 

3071
02:44:21,600 --> 02:44:25,700
I'd never needed indomie. 
Boudreaux bearded broad 

3072
02:44:25,700 --> 02:44:29,600
shouldered perpetually armored 
even in peace time laughed, not 

3073
02:44:29,600 --> 02:44:32,000
cruelty. 
But with the weariness of a man 

3074
02:44:32,000 --> 02:44:34,900
besieged by people claiming 
special knowledge in Desperate 

3075
02:44:34,900 --> 02:44:37,900
Times. 
Return to your father child, he 

3076
02:44:37,900 --> 02:44:40,900
said, learn to improve your 
thread spinning skills and stead

3077
02:44:40,900 --> 02:44:44,600
of telling stories. 
I did not argue the voices had 

3078
02:44:44,600 --> 02:44:47,700
prepared me for rejection. 
Your own looked relieved as we 

3079
02:44:47,700 --> 02:44:50,800
left believe in the Mata 
concluded, but I remained in 

3080
02:44:50,808 --> 02:44:52,900
vocular staying with distant 
relatives. 

3081
02:44:52,900 --> 02:44:56,700
The kindly wheelwright honoree 
in his wife, Catherine larae, 

3082
02:44:56,700 --> 02:44:59,600
who took me in despite their 
confusion about my purpose. 

3083
02:45:00,600 --> 02:45:02,500
Daily. 
I attended mass at the chapel of

3084
02:45:02,500 --> 02:45:04,900
Saint Marie, kneeling, on Stone 
floors. 

3085
02:45:04,900 --> 02:45:08,200
That bruised, my knees. 
Townspeople began noticing. 

3086
02:45:08,200 --> 02:45:10,800
The strange girl, who prayed 
with unusual intensity. 

3087
02:45:11,500 --> 02:45:14,500
Some mocked me others. 
Sensing something Beyond 

3088
02:45:14,500 --> 02:45:17,900
ordinary Faith, began asking for
blessings, for prayers, specific

3089
02:45:17,900 --> 02:45:21,100
to their troubles. 
I have no power to bless. 

3090
02:45:21,100 --> 02:45:23,400
I told a woman who brought her 
feverish child. 

3091
02:45:23,400 --> 02:45:28,000
I am only a messenger. 
Yet I placed my hands on the 

3092
02:45:28,000 --> 02:45:31,400
child's forehead feeling heat 
radiating through papery skin 

3093
02:45:31,400 --> 02:45:34,900
and prayed anyway. 
When the fever broke three days 

3094
02:45:34,900 --> 02:45:37,100
later, whispers about me changed
tenor. 

3095
02:45:37,100 --> 02:45:39,500
I was back at bojack's door, six
days. 

3096
02:45:39,500 --> 02:45:43,000
After my initial rejection this 
time, he received me properly in

3097
02:45:43,008 --> 02:45:45,900
his Chambers, curious about 
rumors circulating through his 

3098
02:45:45,900 --> 02:45:48,700
town. 
Stood before his massive Oak 

3099
02:45:48,700 --> 02:45:51,600
death, my shadow small against 
the Stonewall behind me. 

3100
02:45:52,400 --> 02:45:55,100
You claim Heaven speaks to you. 
He said not bothering with a 

3101
02:45:55,108 --> 02:45:59,300
greeting, not claims truth. 
Steadiness in my voice. 

3102
02:45:59,300 --> 02:46:01,300
Surprised even me. 
Today. 

3103
02:46:02,200 --> 02:46:05,200
Nearly all are forces of 
suffered defeat. 

3104
02:46:06,000 --> 02:46:09,600
A skirmish near a place called 
Revere the Ambush targeted, men 

3105
02:46:09,600 --> 02:46:12,100
carrying Lenten, fish and 
Provisions for the besieged. 

3106
02:46:12,800 --> 02:46:15,400
You will receive confirmation of
the situation in days. 

3107
02:46:16,400 --> 02:46:18,200
I had not known. 
These words would come from my 

3108
02:46:18,200 --> 02:46:20,500
mouth until they emerged the 
voices. 

3109
02:46:20,500 --> 02:46:23,100
Had whispered to the moments 
before I understood and his 

3110
02:46:23,100 --> 02:46:25,600
chamber, Boudreaux cause 
expression changed from 

3111
02:46:25,608 --> 02:46:31,000
skepticism to guarded caution. 
If the story proves true, he 

3112
02:46:31,000 --> 02:46:33,600
began. 
When it proves true, I corrected

3113
02:46:33,600 --> 02:46:36,100
you will provide me an escort to
Shino. 

3114
02:46:36,700 --> 02:46:40,000
He dismissed me without 
commitment Messengers, confirmed

3115
02:46:40,000 --> 02:46:43,200
the battle of the herrings four 
days later while my prediction 

3116
02:46:43,200 --> 02:46:46,300
was not particularly details. 
It's verification, startled, 

3117
02:46:46,300 --> 02:46:49,800
Boudreaux into taking me. 
Seriously, on my third visit, he

3118
02:46:49,800 --> 02:46:53,300
listened fully I must dress as a
man, like explained. 

3119
02:46:53,300 --> 02:46:56,500
The journey is dangerous and I 
have been promised protection. 

3120
02:46:56,500 --> 02:47:00,300
If I maintain my virtue, what I 
didn't say is that the voice is 

3121
02:47:00,300 --> 02:47:03,500
sometimes revealed to me, 
glimpses of what awaited Rhodes 

3122
02:47:03,500 --> 02:47:06,900
crawling with begun, patrols 
English archers, and Forest, 

3123
02:47:06,900 --> 02:47:10,400
clearings, and rivers swollen 
with winter melt A woman 

3124
02:47:10,408 --> 02:47:13,100
traveling would face dangers, 
Beyond enemy soldiers. 

3125
02:47:13,900 --> 02:47:17,500
The voice is Promised safety, 
but required Prudence Boudreaux 

3126
02:47:17,500 --> 02:47:20,000
commission. 
Male clothing for me, a dark, 

3127
02:47:20,000 --> 02:47:23,000
Woolen tunic leggings and a boot
that needed stuffing at the 

3128
02:47:23,000 --> 02:47:25,600
toes. 
Boudreaux cut, my hair even 

3129
02:47:25,600 --> 02:47:29,000
shorter cropping it close to my 
scalp when I dressed in these 

3130
02:47:29,000 --> 02:47:31,600
garments for the first time. 
The La Jolla watched with 

3131
02:47:31,600 --> 02:47:34,300
troubled Fascination. 
Honorary crossed himself, 

3132
02:47:34,300 --> 02:47:38,900
Catherine wiped tears. 
You look when we started unable 

3133
02:47:38,900 --> 02:47:41,900
to find appropriate words. 
Like God's instrument. 

3134
02:47:41,900 --> 02:47:45,700
I finished for him, though, I 
felt only like myself, simply 

3135
02:47:45,700 --> 02:47:50,500
clad differently Jeanette and 
bertrande pulong, two of boat 

3136
02:47:50,500 --> 02:47:54,100
records, men volunteered to 
accompany me to Chino both 

3137
02:47:54,100 --> 02:47:55,700
later. 
Claimed, divine inspiration, 

3138
02:47:55,700 --> 02:47:58,300
moved them to offer an escort. 
But I saw more Earthly 

3139
02:47:58,300 --> 02:48:01,300
calculation in their eyes 
curiosity about whether the 

3140
02:48:01,300 --> 02:48:04,200
strange girl might truly have 
Heavenly favor whether their 

3141
02:48:04,200 --> 02:48:05,900
fortunes might Rise by 
proximity. 

3142
02:48:07,100 --> 02:48:10,400
The night before departure Bode 
recourse summoned me wants more,

3143
02:48:10,400 --> 02:48:13,900
the chambers single candle cast,
dramatic Shadows across his 

3144
02:48:13,900 --> 02:48:16,000
face. 
Deepening already severe 

3145
02:48:16,000 --> 02:48:19,000
features. 
If you are deceiving us, if you 

3146
02:48:19,008 --> 02:48:22,800
lead my men into danger, through
false prophecy, he let the 

3147
02:48:22,808 --> 02:48:26,300
threat, hang on finish. 
I move only as directed I 

3148
02:48:26,300 --> 02:48:28,900
answered your men. 
Safety is precious to heaven. 

3149
02:48:29,800 --> 02:48:32,900
He handed me a sword, then not 
ceremoniously, but with a 

3150
02:48:32,900 --> 02:48:35,300
practicality that acknowledge 
the dangers ahead. 

3151
02:48:36,200 --> 02:48:39,300
Can you use this? 
I had never held a sword before.

3152
02:48:40,100 --> 02:48:42,900
It's quite surprised me. 
The pommel cool against my palm.

3153
02:48:43,800 --> 02:48:47,100
I will not need to I said, 
others will fight. 

3154
02:48:47,100 --> 02:48:52,000
I carry the standard. 
This answer so specific yet, so 

3155
02:48:52,000 --> 02:48:56,100
odd seemed to finally convince 
him, he nodded once, reclaim the

3156
02:48:56,108 --> 02:48:59,400
sword and uttered words that 
would become famous, despite 

3157
02:48:59,400 --> 02:49:02,100
their lack of theatrical Flair 
in their actual delivery. 

3158
02:49:03,000 --> 02:49:07,100
Go then and let come what comes?
The following morning, February 

3159
02:49:07,100 --> 02:49:11,900
23rd, I departed vaakula with my
small escort townspeople 

3160
02:49:11,900 --> 02:49:14,900
gathered to watch some, touching
my garments as if I were already

3161
02:49:14,900 --> 02:49:19,200
a saint a woman pressed a rosary
into my hand, a blacksmith 

3162
02:49:19,200 --> 02:49:21,900
crossed himself. 
As I passed, I did not look back

3163
02:49:21,900 --> 02:49:24,700
at the town's gate, even though 
home sickness was already 

3164
02:49:24,700 --> 02:49:27,800
pulling at me. 
Not for Dahmer me, but for a 

3165
02:49:27,800 --> 02:49:31,900
Simplicity that I had now 
irrevocably lost Ahead layer 11 

3166
02:49:31,900 --> 02:49:35,400
days of hard travel through 
enemy territory and beyond that 

3167
02:49:35,400 --> 02:49:38,100
challenges. 
I could scarcely imagine but 

3168
02:49:38,100 --> 02:49:41,100
Michael's voice accompanied me 
Steady as my heartbeat. 

3169
02:49:41,900 --> 02:49:44,500
France is Liberation begins with
each step. 

3170
02:49:44,500 --> 02:49:48,000
You take the journey to shine on
tested faith, more than physical

3171
02:49:48,000 --> 02:49:50,500
endurance. 
We traveled mainly at night 

3172
02:49:50,500 --> 02:49:53,800
voiding main roads, where 
English and Beyond Patrol sought

3173
02:49:53,800 --> 02:49:56,400
travelers to Rob or Ransom 
during daylight hours. 

3174
02:49:56,400 --> 02:49:59,000
We hid in a band and Shepherd's,
Huts, or dense Woodland. 

3175
02:50:00,000 --> 02:50:03,400
Jeanette. 
And pulan G insisted I sleep 

3176
02:50:03,400 --> 02:50:07,100
separate from them to protect my
virtue but practicality soon, 

3177
02:50:07,100 --> 02:50:10,400
dissolved such courtesies. 
We huddled together for warmth. 

3178
02:50:10,400 --> 02:50:14,100
In February's biting cold, my 
male attire and their honor 

3179
02:50:14,100 --> 02:50:17,800
providing sufficient barriers. 
My companions attitudes toward 

3180
02:50:17,800 --> 02:50:21,500
me, evolved during our journey 
initial skepticism transformed 

3181
02:50:21,500 --> 02:50:23,400
into cautious. 
Reverence after we narrowly 

3182
02:50:23,400 --> 02:50:26,300
avoided a Burgundian Patrol that
should have intercepted us. 

3183
02:50:27,100 --> 02:50:30,300
The wind shifted pooling. 
You remarked not connecting. 

3184
02:50:30,300 --> 02:50:33,100
The sudden weather changed to my
silent prayer moments before 

3185
02:50:34,400 --> 02:50:37,200
Later when we reached a swollen 
river, that Maps showed, no 

3186
02:50:37,200 --> 02:50:40,100
Crossing for Miles. 
A local boy appeared as if 

3187
02:50:40,100 --> 02:50:42,400
conjured guiding us to a hidden 
Ford. 

3188
02:50:43,400 --> 02:50:46,600
My escorts exchange meaningful 
glance, is that I knew these 

3189
02:50:46,600 --> 02:50:49,700
were not Miracles, merely the 
everyday, working of divine 

3190
02:50:49,700 --> 02:50:52,600
guidance. 
Will you truly recognize the 

3191
02:50:52,600 --> 02:50:55,200
doffo Jean asked? 
One evening as we warmed. 

3192
02:50:55,200 --> 02:50:58,800
Our hands over a small 
carefully, shielded fire They 

3193
02:50:58,800 --> 02:51:01,400
say, he often hides among his 
courtiers to test visitors. 

3194
02:51:01,400 --> 02:51:05,800
God will identify his anointed. 
I answered though, privately, I 

3195
02:51:05,800 --> 02:51:07,700
wondered how this recognition 
would manifest. 

3196
02:51:08,800 --> 02:51:10,300
The voices remained 
frustratingly. 

3197
02:51:10,300 --> 02:51:14,500
Vague on practical details. 
We reached chinon on March 6th, 

3198
02:51:14,500 --> 02:51:17,600
but two more days passed before 
gaining entrance to the castle, 

3199
02:51:17,600 --> 02:51:20,900
we lodged in the town below 
where I endured the first of 

3200
02:51:20,900 --> 02:51:24,200
many examinations by Church 
officials walls and sent to 

3201
02:51:24,200 --> 02:51:27,200
determine whether my claims were
divine inspiration, demonic 

3202
02:51:27,200 --> 02:51:31,200
influence, or simple Madness. 
How can we know God speaks 

3203
02:51:31,200 --> 02:51:32,500
through. 
You demanded. 

3204
02:51:32,500 --> 02:51:35,500
An elderly priest, with 
yellowed, fingers and breathes, 

3205
02:51:35,500 --> 02:51:38,900
sour from fasting. 
By the signs that follow. 

3206
02:51:38,900 --> 02:51:41,100
I replied. 
Remembering Catherine's 

3207
02:51:41,100 --> 02:51:43,600
coaching. 
God does not ask for Blind 

3208
02:51:43,600 --> 02:51:46,400
Faith, but provides confirmation
for those who truly seek. 

3209
02:51:47,200 --> 02:51:50,600
What signs of you performed? 
None, yet signs. 

3210
02:51:50,600 --> 02:51:52,500
Are not tricks. 
Of The Conjurer performed on 

3211
02:51:52,500 --> 02:51:54,600
demand. 
They unfold as needed. 

3212
02:51:55,600 --> 02:51:58,600
He seemed satisfied with this 
answer, which surprised me. 

3213
02:51:59,500 --> 02:52:01,200
Later. 
I learned he reported favorably 

3214
02:52:01,200 --> 02:52:04,700
on my Orthodoxy noting I 
answered questions about faith 

3215
02:52:04,700 --> 02:52:07,800
with simple Clarity rather than 
elaborate theological 

3216
02:52:07,800 --> 02:52:11,700
constructions that might suggest
educated heretical influences. 

3217
02:52:12,600 --> 02:52:15,900
When I eventually gained entry 
to the castle, I faced a plan 

3218
02:52:15,900 --> 02:52:19,000
challenge. 
Charles not yet crowned and 

3219
02:52:19,000 --> 02:52:20,700
increasingly doubtful of his 
legitimacy. 

3220
02:52:20,700 --> 02:52:24,400
Had a range for another man to 
sit on the throne while he stood

3221
02:52:24,400 --> 02:52:26,400
among dozens of richly dressed 
courtiers. 

3222
02:52:27,400 --> 02:52:31,700
The great hole blazed with 
candles, they're like reflecting

3223
02:52:31,700 --> 02:52:34,700
off jeweled fingers and Golden 
Threads woven through Noble 

3224
02:52:34,700 --> 02:52:37,000
garments. 
The assembled Court, watched 

3225
02:52:37,000 --> 02:52:40,500
expectantly many smirking at the
prospect of a peasant girls 

3226
02:52:40,500 --> 02:52:43,500
confusion. 
I had never seen such finery 

3227
02:52:43,500 --> 02:52:47,200
such concentrated wealth. 
For a moment, my confidence 

3228
02:52:47,200 --> 02:52:50,600
wavered, these were people whose
everyday garments cost more than

3229
02:52:50,608 --> 02:52:54,200
my family earned in years. 
What arrogance brought me here. 

3230
02:52:54,900 --> 02:52:58,000
Then Margaret whispered not in 
my ear but directly within my 

3231
02:52:58,008 --> 02:53:00,800
mind. 
Remember your purpose, you are 

3232
02:53:00,800 --> 02:53:03,200
not sent to be dazzled by 
Earthly riches. 

3233
02:53:04,500 --> 02:53:07,000
Without hesitation, I walked 
directly through the crowd 

3234
02:53:07,000 --> 02:53:09,400
toward a plainly Dressed Man 
Standing among the courtiers 

3235
02:53:09,400 --> 02:53:12,500
kneeling before him. 
I said what the voice is 

3236
02:53:12,500 --> 02:53:15,600
prompted. 
God gives you life and Glory, 

3237
02:53:15,600 --> 02:53:19,100
gentle dofa. 
Charles's face registered shock 

3238
02:53:19,100 --> 02:53:21,500
quickly, controlled I am not the
king. 

3239
02:53:21,500 --> 02:53:24,100
He protested. 
Maintaining the charade. 

3240
02:53:24,900 --> 02:53:26,600
I did not call you King. 
I answered. 

3241
02:53:26,600 --> 02:53:30,800
You are the dofa but you will be
king when properly consecrated 

3242
02:53:30,800 --> 02:53:35,600
at his God's will. the court 
mermaid, Charles gestured for 

3243
02:53:35,600 --> 02:53:38,300
seclusion, guiding me to a 
window ledge where we could 

3244
02:53:38,300 --> 02:53:42,400
Converse discreetly If you truly
come from God, he said, quietly 

3245
02:53:42,400 --> 02:53:45,300
tell me something, only Divine 
knowledge could reveal. 

3246
02:53:46,400 --> 02:53:48,800
I repeated words, Michael had 
given me during our journey. 

3247
02:53:49,600 --> 02:53:51,500
You made a private prayer at All
Saints. 

3248
02:53:51,500 --> 02:53:54,500
Last November asking God, for 
confirmation of your right to 

3249
02:53:54,500 --> 02:53:57,500
the throne questioning, whether 
your mother's reputation, spoke 

3250
02:53:57,500 --> 02:53:59,500
truth, about your birth, God 
answers. 

3251
02:53:59,500 --> 02:54:03,500
Now you are the legitimate heir 
to France, your suffering is 

3252
02:54:03,500 --> 02:54:07,600
seen your doubts are understood,
but you must claim what heaven 

3253
02:54:07,600 --> 02:54:12,300
has preserved for you. 
Charles paled visibly he later 

3254
02:54:12,308 --> 02:54:14,700
confirmed that he had prayed 
this prayer in solitude. 

3255
02:54:15,500 --> 02:54:17,900
That I knew its contents 
convinced him when nothing else 

3256
02:54:17,900 --> 02:54:20,500
might have. 
Yet, despite this private 

3257
02:54:20,500 --> 02:54:23,400
conviction, Charles remained 
publicly cautious. 

3258
02:54:23,400 --> 02:54:27,100
I was subjected to further 
examination including three 

3259
02:54:27,100 --> 02:54:29,700
weeks of questioning by 
theologians at poitiers who 

3260
02:54:29,700 --> 02:54:32,500
probed for heretical beliefs or 
signs of demonic influence. 

3261
02:54:33,700 --> 02:54:35,700
They examined my body for 
witches marks. 

3262
02:54:35,700 --> 02:54:39,600
Questioned my insistence on 
mayor and tested my knowledge of

3263
02:54:39,600 --> 02:54:42,300
Christian doctrine. 
What history rarely records, is 

3264
02:54:42,300 --> 02:54:45,000
the humiliation of these 
examinations and the indignity 

3265
02:54:45,000 --> 02:54:48,500
of learned men debating, whether
my virginity indicated Divine 

3266
02:54:48,500 --> 02:54:52,500
protection, while simply lack of
opportunity, as well as whether 

3267
02:54:52,500 --> 02:54:57,200
my voices were Angels or clever 
demons, One elderly, Theologian 

3268
02:54:57,200 --> 02:55:00,300
suggested, I might simply suffer
from female hysteria due to my 

3269
02:55:00,308 --> 02:55:04,400
unmarried State. 
Perhaps I replied evenly but 

3270
02:55:04,400 --> 02:55:07,700
does hysteria typically predict 
military outcomes or recognized 

3271
02:55:07,700 --> 02:55:10,400
disguised Kings? 
During these weeks of 

3272
02:55:10,408 --> 02:55:14,500
examination, I grew increasingly
frustrated by delays early on 

3273
02:55:14,500 --> 02:55:17,000
remained Under Siege its 
situation deteriorating. 

3274
02:55:17,000 --> 02:55:20,900
The voices became more urgent. 
Sometimes waking me from sleep 

3275
02:55:20,900 --> 02:55:25,000
with commands to move quickly. 
Time, Slips Away, Michael warned

3276
02:55:25,000 --> 02:55:28,200
France's heart weakens with each
passing day. 

3277
02:55:28,900 --> 02:55:32,000
I petition Charles repeatedly 
for Action, facing resistance 

3278
02:55:32,000 --> 02:55:35,300
from his advisor, George de La 
Creme where you viewed me as a 

3279
02:55:35,300 --> 02:55:38,600
threat to his influence. 
The maid makes Bold claims. 

3280
02:55:38,600 --> 02:55:42,000
He told Charles within my 
hearing, yep, prophecies a cheap

3281
02:55:42,000 --> 02:55:44,600
while soldiers lives a dire 
prophecies. 

3282
02:55:44,600 --> 02:55:47,800
May be cheap, I counter it. 
But the price of ignorance is 

3283
02:55:47,800 --> 02:55:50,900
the fall of your kingdom. 
Charles wavered between 

3284
02:55:50,900 --> 02:55:53,600
believing my Divine mandate and 
fearing the consequences of 

3285
02:55:53,600 --> 02:55:57,300
following an unproven visionary.
What finally convinced him was 

3286
02:55:57,300 --> 02:56:01,200
pragmatism all conventional 
military strategies had failed. 

3287
02:56:01,900 --> 02:56:04,400
His treasury emptied while 
English territory in France 

3288
02:56:04,400 --> 02:56:07,000
expanded. 
What harm could come from, 

3289
02:56:07,000 --> 02:56:09,008
allowing me to attempting The 
Siege at all. 

3290
02:56:09,016 --> 02:56:11,400
Should I fail? 
My losses would be minimal 

3291
02:56:11,400 --> 02:56:13,700
compared to the Daily losses 
already incurred. 

3292
02:56:13,700 --> 02:56:16,800
If I succeeded, the reward was 
incalculable. 

3293
02:56:18,200 --> 02:56:20,700
In late, April after nearly 
seven weeks of delay in 

3294
02:56:20,700 --> 02:56:23,100
examination. 
Charles, finally granted me my 

3295
02:56:23,100 --> 02:56:25,700
mission. 
I was provided armor made to my 

3296
02:56:25,700 --> 02:56:27,600
measurements, lightweight 
plates. 

3297
02:56:27,600 --> 02:56:29,600
That nonetheless felt foreign 
against my body. 

3298
02:56:30,400 --> 02:56:33,700
The sword given to me was 
serviceable but ordinary, not 

3299
02:56:33,700 --> 02:56:35,900
the special blade. 
I described seeing in my vision.

3300
02:56:36,900 --> 02:56:40,700
There is a sword Meant For Me, 
Explain to Charles buried behind

3301
02:56:40,700 --> 02:56:44,100
the older at Saint Catherine, 
Deerfield where it Bears, five 

3302
02:56:44,100 --> 02:56:46,300
crosses on its blade and his 
Lane there since Charles 

3303
02:56:46,300 --> 02:56:49,700
martel's time. 
Charles still testing the limits

3304
02:56:49,700 --> 02:56:50,600
of My Strange. 
Knowledge. 

3305
02:56:50,600 --> 02:56:53,500
Sent men to investigate this 
oddly specific claim. 

3306
02:56:53,500 --> 02:56:56,800
They indeed found an ancient 
sword buried exactly where 

3307
02:56:56,800 --> 02:57:01,100
described its existence unknown 
to the local priests, this sword

3308
02:57:01,100 --> 02:57:03,200
became my physical token of 
divine sanction. 

3309
02:57:03,200 --> 02:57:06,700
However, I primarily carried a 
standard instead of wielding 

3310
02:57:06,700 --> 02:57:10,100
weapons. 
The standard was my design, a 

3311
02:57:10,100 --> 02:57:11,900
White Field. 
Adorned with flood Elite 

3312
02:57:11,900 --> 02:57:15,700
bearing, the names, Jesus, 
Maria, and depicting God, 

3313
02:57:15,700 --> 02:57:17,800
holding the world with angels at
his side. 

3314
02:57:18,500 --> 02:57:21,400
This Banner would proceed me 
into battle a visible. 

3315
02:57:21,400 --> 02:57:23,800
Reminder that our cause carried 
Heavenly blessing. 

3316
02:57:24,700 --> 02:57:27,800
Before departing chinon. 
I dictated a letter to the 

3317
02:57:27,800 --> 02:57:29,700
English. 
Commanders surrounding all, they

3318
02:57:29,700 --> 02:57:32,200
are warning them to depart from 
France or face. 

3319
02:57:32,200 --> 02:57:35,300
Divine judgment, The Scribe. 
Who recorded my words kept 

3320
02:57:35,300 --> 02:57:38,200
glancing up in disbelief as 
increasingly forceful language 

3321
02:57:38,200 --> 02:57:40,000
flowed from The Peasant, girl 
before him. 

3322
02:57:41,000 --> 02:57:44,100
Surrender to the maid sent by 
God, the king of Heaven, you 

3323
02:57:44,100 --> 02:57:46,400
will not hold the kingdom of 
France from God, the king of 

3324
02:57:46,408 --> 02:57:49,500
heaven, son of Saint, Mary King,
Charles the true heir. 

3325
02:57:50,100 --> 02:57:54,900
Will hold it for God wills it. 
When read aloud afterward, the 

3326
02:57:54,900 --> 02:57:58,000
words sounded strange to my 
ears, both mine and not mine, 

3327
02:57:58,000 --> 02:58:01,100
carrying an authority. 
I'd never possessed in Romney, 

3328
02:58:01,100 --> 02:58:04,600
The courtiers Exchange. 
Troubled glance is uncertain, 

3329
02:58:04,600 --> 02:58:07,300
whether they witnessed inspired 
prophecy or dangerous delusion. 

3330
02:58:08,500 --> 02:58:11,900
However, Charles had chosen to 
support my journey, Charles had 

3331
02:58:11,900 --> 02:58:13,600
gathered equipment and assembled
troops. 

3332
02:58:13,600 --> 02:58:15,700
The Impossible campaign was 
about to begin. 

3333
02:58:16,900 --> 02:58:18,800
On the evening before our 
departure for oral. 

3334
02:58:18,800 --> 02:58:23,000
I stood alone on the castle. 
Ramparts watching spring Stars 

3335
02:58:23,000 --> 02:58:27,400
emerge. home sickness washed 
over me unexpectedly, not for my

3336
02:58:27,400 --> 02:58:30,800
Village specifically, but for 
anonymity for the piece of 

3337
02:58:30,800 --> 02:58:35,100
tending sheep on quiet Hillside 
Having doubts, Catherine asked 

3338
02:58:35,100 --> 02:58:38,900
her voice gentle within my mind.
No doubts I answered silently. 

3339
02:58:39,800 --> 02:58:42,600
Simply a conscious understanding
of what you can't take back. 

3340
02:58:43,700 --> 02:58:46,000
The path Narrows before you she 
acknowledged. 

3341
02:58:46,000 --> 02:58:49,300
But remember why you were chosen
not for skill with sword or 

3342
02:58:49,308 --> 02:58:52,700
strategy, but for perfect faith 
in God's plan. 

3343
02:58:53,400 --> 02:58:55,800
I nodded though. 
No human eyes witness this 

3344
02:58:55,800 --> 02:58:58,400
private exchange. 
Perfect faith. 

3345
02:58:59,200 --> 02:59:03,400
It was not blindness to danger 
or an absence of fear, but a 

3346
02:59:03,400 --> 02:59:07,300
willingness to proceed despite 
both With that understanding, I 

3347
02:59:07,300 --> 02:59:08,800
descended to prepare for 
departure. 

3348
02:59:08,800 --> 02:59:12,500
Ready to transform from examined
curiosity to Battlefield. 

3349
02:59:12,500 --> 02:59:16,200
Commander we departed tours on 
April 27th, with supplies and 

3350
02:59:16,200 --> 02:59:17,800
reinforcements for the besieged 
city. 

3351
02:59:17,800 --> 02:59:21,000
But conflict emerged immediately
between military commanders and 

3352
02:59:21,000 --> 02:59:23,300
me. 
A teenage girl claiming Divine 

3353
02:59:23,300 --> 02:59:28,100
guidance. 
The Army's veteran captions and 

3354
02:59:28,100 --> 02:59:31,200
Etienne de vignola regarded me 
with open skepticism. 

3355
02:59:31,200 --> 02:59:34,200
They had weather years of 
defeats and develop cautious. 

3356
02:59:34,200 --> 02:59:37,500
Strategies. 
Avoid confrontation preserve 

3357
02:59:37,500 --> 02:59:40,700
remaining forces and accept that
all would have eventually fall 

3358
02:59:40,700 --> 02:59:44,400
like other strongholds before it
God did not send me to follow 

3359
02:59:44,400 --> 02:59:46,900
cautious men. 
I informed them during our first

3360
02:59:46,900 --> 02:59:49,400
Council. 
Volume will not fall. 

3361
02:59:49,400 --> 02:59:51,500
We will not merely deliver 
supplies. 

3362
02:59:51,500 --> 02:59:53,300
We will break The Siege 
entirely. 

3363
02:59:54,200 --> 02:59:57,800
La here. 
And notorious Soldier known for 

3364
02:59:57,800 --> 03:00:00,800
Creative profanity. 
Stared me in disbelief. 

3365
03:00:01,500 --> 03:00:04,300
With what divine wind to blow 
the English away. 

3366
03:00:04,300 --> 03:00:07,600
They outnumber us, they have 
secured their positions. 

3367
03:00:07,600 --> 03:00:09,900
They outnumbered David against 
Goliath. 

3368
03:00:09,900 --> 03:00:13,100
I replied numbers mean nothing 
against God's will. 

3369
03:00:14,500 --> 03:00:17,100
These exchanges established our 
working relationship. 

3370
03:00:17,100 --> 03:00:20,300
They planned according to 
military experience and I 

3371
03:00:20,300 --> 03:00:23,200
insisted on more aggressive 
action than conventional wisdom,

3372
03:00:23,200 --> 03:00:26,200
suggested was prudent. 
The compromised that emerged 

3373
03:00:26,200 --> 03:00:29,000
involved approaching Ally for an
unexpected Direction. 

3374
03:00:29,000 --> 03:00:32,200
Crossing the Loire, rather than 
confronting the stronger English

3375
03:00:32,200 --> 03:00:35,500
positions directly. 
This decision portraying 

3376
03:00:35,500 --> 03:00:38,700
Chronicles as my strategic 
Brilliance actually resulted 

3377
03:00:38,700 --> 03:00:41,700
from practical necessity 
combined with fortunate timing. 

3378
03:00:42,600 --> 03:00:45,500
Spring rains had made the river 
higher than usual, limiting 

3379
03:00:45,500 --> 03:00:48,200
Crossing points, but also 
focusing English defensive 

3380
03:00:48,200 --> 03:00:51,700
positions. 
My inspiration to approach from 

3381
03:00:51,700 --> 03:00:55,400
the East, simply utilized 
terrain the English a deemed too

3382
03:00:55,400 --> 03:00:58,700
difficult to defend heavily. 
We reached the laws, Southern 

3383
03:00:58,700 --> 03:01:02,200
Bank, on, April 29th, where I 
dictated another letter to the 

3384
03:01:02,200 --> 03:01:04,700
English commanders. 
This one delivered by Harold 

3385
03:01:04,700 --> 03:01:08,200
directly to their lines. 
Human of England who have no 

3386
03:01:08,200 --> 03:01:11,700
right in this Kingdom of France,
go away into your country, in 

3387
03:01:11,700 --> 03:01:14,500
God's name. 
And if you do not do this, wait 

3388
03:01:14,500 --> 03:01:17,800
Tidings, from the maid, who will
come to see you shortly to your 

3389
03:01:17,800 --> 03:01:21,200
very great injury. 
The English soldiers who heard 

3390
03:01:21,200 --> 03:01:23,900
this message? 
Reportedly laughed asking if the

3391
03:01:23,908 --> 03:01:27,300
French had grown so desperate, 
they now sent girls to fight 

3392
03:01:27,300 --> 03:01:29,900
their battles. 
William, Glasgow their Commander

3393
03:01:29,900 --> 03:01:33,000
sent back a message, threatening
to burn me as a witch, and hang 

3394
03:01:33,000 --> 03:01:34,300
those who followed me as 
Heretics. 

3395
03:01:34,300 --> 03:01:38,200
If captured fear clenched, my 
stomach upon hearing this not of

3396
03:01:38,200 --> 03:01:41,400
burning specifically, but a 
failure of leading others to 

3397
03:01:41,400 --> 03:01:45,300
death, through misplaced 
confidence. that night, I prayed

3398
03:01:45,300 --> 03:01:48,800
longer than usual seeking 
reassurance from my voices, who 

3399
03:01:48,800 --> 03:01:52,300
had grown somewhat quietus since
my departure from sheol, The 

3400
03:01:52,300 --> 03:01:55,200
English, threatened fire. 
I whispered to the dock of my 

3401
03:01:55,208 --> 03:01:58,600
tent. 
All human flesh, fears Flames, 

3402
03:01:58,600 --> 03:02:03,000
Margaret's compassionately. 
But remember the true fire is 

3403
03:02:03,000 --> 03:02:06,500
God's purpose burning through. 
You it consumes doubt and 

3404
03:02:06,500 --> 03:02:10,600
illuminates the path. 
On April 30th, we successfully 

3405
03:02:10,600 --> 03:02:14,100
transported, supplies, and Ally 
on Via river, barges bringing 

3406
03:02:14,100 --> 03:02:16,400
desperately needed Provisions to
the city's Defenders. 

3407
03:02:17,400 --> 03:02:20,800
I entered that evening during a 
rainstorm soaked and physically 

3408
03:02:20,800 --> 03:02:24,800
exhausted, but filled with 
strange exhilaration citizens 

3409
03:02:24,800 --> 03:02:27,700
line, the narrow streets, 
despite the weather, reaching to

3410
03:02:27,708 --> 03:02:31,200
touch my armor or standard as if
I carried a tangible blessing. 

3411
03:02:32,100 --> 03:02:35,000
Jacques bouchey, the city 
treasurer offered his home for 

3412
03:02:35,000 --> 03:02:37,800
my lodging. 
His daughter, Charlotte closest 

3413
03:02:37,800 --> 03:02:40,900
to my age among the household 
helped remove my armor. 

3414
03:02:40,900 --> 03:02:44,600
That the first evening she 
gasped seeing bruises already 

3415
03:02:44,600 --> 03:02:47,300
forming Where Metal had pressed 
against my skin during the long 

3416
03:02:47,300 --> 03:02:49,600
ride. 
Does it hurt terribly? 

3417
03:02:49,600 --> 03:02:52,700
She asked applying herbal Salve 
to the worst marks. 

3418
03:02:53,600 --> 03:02:55,600
Less than fear hurts this city. 
I answered. 

3419
03:02:56,600 --> 03:02:58,000
The truth was. 
I barely noticed. 

3420
03:02:58,000 --> 03:03:00,900
Physical discomfort. 
My focus had narrowed to a 

3421
03:03:00,900 --> 03:03:02,800
single purpose. 
Fulfilling. 

3422
03:03:02,800 --> 03:03:06,000
What the voice is promised. 
The following days brought 

3423
03:03:06,000 --> 03:03:08,900
increasing frustration. 
Military commanders. 

3424
03:03:08,900 --> 03:03:12,900
Insisted on gradual approaches 
small gains and careful 

3425
03:03:12,900 --> 03:03:16,600
conservation of resources. 
I demanded immediate decisive 

3426
03:03:16,600 --> 03:03:19,500
action against key English 
fortifications. 

3427
03:03:19,500 --> 03:03:23,200
Each walkouts will became a 
battle itself, me against 

3428
03:03:23,200 --> 03:03:26,200
experienced soldiers, who saw my
urgency as naivete? 

3429
03:03:27,300 --> 03:03:30,000
On May 4th while commanders 
deliberated yet. 

3430
03:03:30,000 --> 03:03:34,600
Another cautious plan a briefly 
in the chamber within dream-like

3431
03:03:34,600 --> 03:03:36,600
moments. 
Michael appeared, with unusual 

3432
03:03:36,600 --> 03:03:39,100
Clarity. 
They attack the Eastern Gate. 

3433
03:03:39,100 --> 03:03:41,400
He stated with that Preamble 
now. 

3434
03:03:42,900 --> 03:03:46,000
I woke instantly calling for my 
Squire to help with armor. 

3435
03:03:46,500 --> 03:03:49,100
Charlotte who had been mending 
nearby looked startled. 

3436
03:03:49,100 --> 03:03:51,400
At my sudden urgency what 
happens. 

3437
03:03:51,400 --> 03:03:55,500
She asked Eastern Gate. 
Was all, I managed while 

3438
03:03:55,500 --> 03:03:58,800
struggling through my padded 
undergarment fighting has begun.

3439
03:03:58,800 --> 03:04:02,200
Indeed, while commanders planned
English forces, had launched a 

3440
03:04:02,200 --> 03:04:05,100
surprise assault against Saint 
Luke, one of the Cities Eastern 

3441
03:04:05,100 --> 03:04:08,400
fortifications. 
By the time I reached the area 

3442
03:04:08,400 --> 03:04:11,000
French Defenders were already 
retreating and disarray. 

3443
03:04:11,800 --> 03:04:14,400
Without waiting for formal 
orders, I wrote directly toward 

3444
03:04:14,400 --> 03:04:17,600
the conflict with the 
standardized, High soldiers, 

3445
03:04:17,600 --> 03:04:20,600
later described the events, as 
miraculous noting, how 

3446
03:04:20,600 --> 03:04:23,800
retreating men turned back upon 
seeing me, and how they broke 

3447
03:04:23,800 --> 03:04:26,000
and courage. 
Transformed into a determined 

3448
03:04:26,000 --> 03:04:28,600
Advance. 
The reality was less mystical, 

3449
03:04:28,600 --> 03:04:32,100
but no, less effective. 
In the confusion of battle. 

3450
03:04:32,100 --> 03:04:33,900
A symbolic. 
Vocal Point. 

3451
03:04:34,900 --> 03:04:37,800
Distinctive figure on Horseback 
with an unmistakable Banner, 

3452
03:04:37,800 --> 03:04:40,700
provided a rallying point and 
renewed purpose. 

3453
03:04:41,600 --> 03:04:44,100
Who Retreats When Heaven fights 
alongside us? 

3454
03:04:44,100 --> 03:04:46,800
I called my voice caring 
surprisingly. 

3455
03:04:46,800 --> 03:04:49,200
Well across the din of combat 
forward. 

3456
03:04:49,200 --> 03:04:51,500
God has delivered them into our 
hands. 

3457
03:04:53,200 --> 03:04:56,700
The battle turned by evening. 
Saint Louis had fallen to our 

3458
03:04:56,700 --> 03:05:00,200
forces this Victory while modest
in strategic terms. 

3459
03:05:00,200 --> 03:05:04,100
Transformed perceptions 
soldiers, who were doubted began

3460
03:05:04,100 --> 03:05:05,900
viewing me with superstitious 
ore? 

3461
03:05:06,300 --> 03:05:08,900
Commanders who had dismissed my 
Council became more willing to 

3462
03:05:08,900 --> 03:05:12,000
listen yet challenges to 
Authority continued. 

3463
03:05:12,700 --> 03:05:15,700
On May the 5th. 
June attempted to exclude me 

3464
03:05:15,700 --> 03:05:18,000
from councils planning 
operations, without my 

3465
03:05:18,000 --> 03:05:19,900
knowledge. 
Upon discovering this I 

3466
03:05:19,900 --> 03:05:23,200
confronted him directly. 
Do you believe you can conceal 

3467
03:05:23,200 --> 03:05:26,600
God's battle from his messenger?
I demanded interrupting their 

3468
03:05:26,600 --> 03:05:29,200
clothes meeting. 
Why do you plot in Shadows When 

3469
03:05:29,200 --> 03:05:32,700
Heaven watches are a Godless 
Genoa intelligent politically 

3470
03:05:32,700 --> 03:05:35,600
astute recognized the changing 
mood among truths. 

3471
03:05:35,600 --> 03:05:38,400
We sought only to spare you the 
technical details. 

3472
03:05:38,400 --> 03:05:41,300
He offered diplomatically Spare 
me nothing. 

3473
03:05:41,300 --> 03:05:45,200
I counted, I was not sent to be 
spared, but to lead. 

3474
03:05:46,500 --> 03:05:49,000
The following day, The Assault 
on sound, genre Blanc, and the 

3475
03:05:49,008 --> 03:05:52,400
Augustana Fortress took place. 
This incident was one of the key

3476
03:05:52,400 --> 03:05:54,800
events that solidified my 
reputation among common 

3477
03:05:54,800 --> 03:05:57,400
soldiers. 
English Defenders had positioned

3478
03:05:57,400 --> 03:05:58,900
archers to cover the main 
approach. 

3479
03:05:59,800 --> 03:06:02,300
As our forces hesitated under 
the deadly reign of arrows. 

3480
03:06:02,300 --> 03:06:05,500
I rode forward alone standard 
Held High. 

3481
03:06:06,400 --> 03:06:09,100
The narrow struck her armor 
Witnesses later, reported. 

3482
03:06:09,100 --> 03:06:13,200
Yet she continued as if 
untouched. in truth, the arrow 

3483
03:06:13,200 --> 03:06:16,100
glanced off my shoulder plate, 
bruising but not penetrating 

3484
03:06:16,100 --> 03:06:20,900
more significant than this minor
miracle was the psychological 

3485
03:06:20,900 --> 03:06:24,700
effect of my advanced Soldiers, 
Shame by a girl's courage, 

3486
03:06:24,700 --> 03:06:27,800
surged forward, the 
fortification fell by evening 

3487
03:06:27,800 --> 03:06:31,100
May 7th brought the decisive 
assault against lateral. 

3488
03:06:31,100 --> 03:06:34,800
The main Fortress, controlling, 
only ones River Crossing Here, 

3489
03:06:34,800 --> 03:06:37,600
my Legend and reality most 
dramatically intersect 

3490
03:06:37,600 --> 03:06:41,100
historical accounts described me
taking an arrow to the shoulder.

3491
03:06:41,100 --> 03:06:45,200
Having predicted this injury the
previous day, the wound was real

3492
03:06:45,200 --> 03:06:48,000
and English Longbow Arrow. 
Penetrating between neck and 

3493
03:06:48,008 --> 03:06:52,100
shoulder armor but my prediction
had been more General Blood will

3494
03:06:52,100 --> 03:06:54,400
be drawn to Morrow but not all 
of it, French. 

3495
03:06:55,600 --> 03:06:57,200
The pain nearly caused 
unconsciousness. 

3496
03:06:57,200 --> 03:07:00,800
I was pulled from Battle briefly
while the arrow was removed, not

3497
03:07:00,800 --> 03:07:04,200
ceremoniously as depicted in 
romantic paintings but with 

3498
03:07:04,200 --> 03:07:07,900
brutal efficiency by a field 
surgeon who feared wound fever 

3499
03:07:07,900 --> 03:07:11,900
would set in if the barbed head 
remained embedded Boiling oil 

3500
03:07:11,900 --> 03:07:14,700
into the wound to quartus, the 
bleeding pain that exceeded the 

3501
03:07:14,700 --> 03:07:18,100
original injury. 
Why gasped afterward? 

3502
03:07:18,900 --> 03:07:22,600
Just a little. 
Instead of wine, they gave me 

3503
03:07:22,600 --> 03:07:26,100
consecrated bread communion 
without formal ceremony 

3504
03:07:26,100 --> 03:07:30,100
Battlefield sacrament. 
The pain receded enough that I 

3505
03:07:30,100 --> 03:07:32,700
could stand again though using 
my right arm remained 

3506
03:07:32,700 --> 03:07:35,000
impossible. 
Military commanders. 

3507
03:07:35,000 --> 03:07:37,100
Seeing my condition, ordered a 
retreat for the day. 

3508
03:07:37,100 --> 03:07:39,000
The assault would resume 
tomorrow. 

3509
03:07:39,000 --> 03:07:41,100
They decided without consulting 
me. 

3510
03:07:41,900 --> 03:07:44,200
I heard this decision while 
having my wound bandaged. 

3511
03:07:45,000 --> 03:07:48,800
Know I can't demanded struggling
back into partial armor despite 

3512
03:07:48,800 --> 03:07:51,900
Charlotte's protests. 
We finished today English 

3513
03:07:51,900 --> 03:07:55,100
resolved dwindles with each 
passing hour returning to battle

3514
03:07:55,100 --> 03:07:57,000
with the wound. 
Still fresh became the defining 

3515
03:07:57,000 --> 03:08:00,000
moment, Witnesses, remembered, 
the injured made refusing 

3516
03:08:00,000 --> 03:08:02,400
Retreat standard transferred to 
my left hand. 

3517
03:08:02,400 --> 03:08:05,800
While my right arm useless 
rallying troops for the final 

3518
03:08:05,800 --> 03:08:09,400
push as daylight began fading 
What's rarely recorded is how 

3519
03:08:09,400 --> 03:08:12,600
fever already began clouding. 
My thoughts, how each movement 

3520
03:08:12,600 --> 03:08:15,600
sent waves of nausea through me 
and how the voices seemed to 

3521
03:08:15,608 --> 03:08:19,100
speak from an increasingly 
enormous distance yet? 

3522
03:08:19,100 --> 03:08:22,200
Purpose carried me forward, when
physical strength should have 

3523
03:08:22,200 --> 03:08:24,400
failed. 
The English Commander glass, 

3524
03:08:24,400 --> 03:08:27,800
Dale, who had promised to burn 
me as a witch died during this 

3525
03:08:27,800 --> 03:08:31,600
final assault, when a makeshift 
Bridge collapsed beneath him, he

3526
03:08:31,600 --> 03:08:35,000
drowned in the Loire way down by
the very armored meant to 

3527
03:08:35,000 --> 03:08:37,900
protect him soldiers, on both 
sides viewed, his death as 

3528
03:08:37,900 --> 03:08:40,600
Divine judgment, superstitious 
fear spreading through 

3529
03:08:40,600 --> 03:08:44,900
remaining, English forces by 
Nightfall, lateral had fallen, 

3530
03:08:44,900 --> 03:08:48,200
The Siege that had strangled, 
all the offer seven months 

3531
03:08:48,200 --> 03:08:50,300
broken, just four days of 
concerted action. 

3532
03:08:51,200 --> 03:08:54,300
The following morning May 8th. 
Remaining English troops 

3533
03:08:54,300 --> 03:08:56,600
retreated from positions. 
They'd held since October, 

3534
03:08:56,600 --> 03:08:59,400
abandoning equipment and 
supplies in their haste. 

3535
03:09:00,300 --> 03:09:04,300
Allele erupted in Celebration 
Church bells, rang continuously 

3536
03:09:04,300 --> 03:09:07,400
citizens who had expected either
starvation or Master? 

3537
03:09:07,400 --> 03:09:10,700
Instead found themselves 
liberated, they credited the 

3538
03:09:10,700 --> 03:09:13,500
maid The Peasant girl from 
Dahmer me who had promised 

3539
03:09:13,500 --> 03:09:16,400
deliverance and against all 
rational expectation delivered 

3540
03:09:16,400 --> 03:09:19,600
it. 
That Night Fever and weak from 

3541
03:09:19,600 --> 03:09:22,600
blood loss. 
I struggled to understand what a

3542
03:09:22,600 --> 03:09:25,200
truly happened. 
Had God performed Miracles 

3543
03:09:25,200 --> 03:09:28,700
through me who had my presence, 
simply catalyzed human courage 

3544
03:09:28,700 --> 03:09:31,900
that already existed waiting 
only for symbol and purpose to 

3545
03:09:31,900 --> 03:09:35,900
crystallize action. 
Both Catherine whispered as I 

3546
03:09:35,900 --> 03:09:37,800
drifted between Consciousness 
and dream. 

3547
03:09:38,600 --> 03:09:42,300
The greatest Miracles work 
through natural channels, not to

3548
03:09:42,300 --> 03:09:45,800
pipe them. 
Citizens began calling the lepus

3549
03:09:45,800 --> 03:09:48,600
El door. 
Leon the maid of Orleans a title

3550
03:09:48,600 --> 03:09:49,900
that would follow me through 
history. 

3551
03:09:50,700 --> 03:09:55,000
Yet alone in prayer that night I
remained simply Jean aching. 

3552
03:09:55,000 --> 03:09:58,700
Feverish wondering what further 
price for filling Heaven's 

3553
03:09:58,700 --> 03:10:02,900
commands might require by 
Nightfall later L had fallen, 

3554
03:10:02,900 --> 03:10:06,500
The Siege that had strangled all
the offer seven months broken, 

3555
03:10:06,500 --> 03:10:08,200
just four days of concerted 
action. 

3556
03:10:09,300 --> 03:10:12,200
Following morning, May 8th. 
Remaining English troops 

3557
03:10:12,200 --> 03:10:14,600
retreated from positions. 
They'd held since October, 

3558
03:10:14,600 --> 03:10:17,400
abandoning equipment and 
supplies in their haste. 

3559
03:10:18,300 --> 03:10:21,300
Allele erupted in Celebration 
Church bells. 

3560
03:10:21,300 --> 03:10:24,900
Rang continuously citizens who 
had expected either starvation 

3561
03:10:24,900 --> 03:10:26,700
or master in Stead found 
themselves. 

3562
03:10:26,700 --> 03:10:30,200
Liberated, they credited, the 
maid The Peasant girl, from 

3563
03:10:30,200 --> 03:10:32,800
domini who had promised 
deliverance and against all 

3564
03:10:32,800 --> 03:10:34,500
rational, expectation delivered 
it. 

3565
03:10:35,600 --> 03:10:38,100
That night fevered and weak from
blood loss. 

3566
03:10:38,100 --> 03:10:41,000
I struggled to understand what a
truly happened. 

3567
03:10:41,000 --> 03:10:45,100
Had God performed Miracles 
through me who had my presence, 

3568
03:10:45,100 --> 03:10:48,300
simply catalyzed human courage 
that already existed waiting 

3569
03:10:48,300 --> 03:10:50,700
only for symbol and purpose to 
crystallize action. 

3570
03:10:51,700 --> 03:10:55,200
Both Catherine whispered as I 
drifted between Consciousness 

3571
03:10:55,200 --> 03:10:58,000
and dream. 
The greatest Miracles work 

3572
03:10:58,000 --> 03:11:00,400
through natural channels, not to
bite them. 

3573
03:11:01,900 --> 03:11:04,100
Citizens began calling the lepus
El door. 

3574
03:11:04,100 --> 03:11:07,400
Leon the maid of Orleans a title
that would follow me through 

3575
03:11:07,400 --> 03:11:10,700
history. 
Yet alone in prayer that night I

3576
03:11:10,700 --> 03:11:15,400
remained simply Jean aching. 
Feverish wondering what further 

3577
03:11:15,400 --> 03:11:17,800
price for filling Heaven's 
commands might require 

3578
03:11:17,800 --> 03:11:21,300
throughout this journey. 
I maintained my male attire and 

3579
03:11:21,300 --> 03:11:24,400
slept fully armored most nights 
surrounded by guards. 

3580
03:11:24,400 --> 03:11:28,000
This practice later used as 
evidence of impropriety during 

3581
03:11:28,000 --> 03:11:30,600
my trial. 
Served practical purposes beyond

3582
03:11:30,600 --> 03:11:33,800
the voices, commands traveling 
with thousands of soldiers. 

3583
03:11:33,800 --> 03:11:37,000
While identifiably female 
invited dangers, obvious to any 

3584
03:11:37,000 --> 03:11:41,400
woman Divine protection, not 
withstanding, The armor provided

3585
03:11:41,400 --> 03:11:43,400
a physical barrier against 
casual assault. 

3586
03:11:43,400 --> 03:11:46,300
Male clothing, minimized on 
wanted attention during 

3587
03:11:46,300 --> 03:11:50,400
necessary activities. 
We reached ways on July 16th. 

3588
03:11:50,400 --> 03:11:54,200
The city, welcome Charles 
without resistance its citizens,

3589
03:11:54,200 --> 03:11:56,900
lining streets to witness, what 
many had thought impossible 

3590
03:11:56,900 --> 03:11:59,600
months early. 
I wrote to Philip of burgundy 

3591
03:11:59,600 --> 03:12:02,400
that same day urging 
reconciliation with Charles 

3592
03:12:02,400 --> 03:12:05,600
calling on him to make good 
piece that will last with the 

3593
03:12:05,600 --> 03:12:08,400
rightful King. 
This letter received no 

3594
03:12:08,400 --> 03:12:10,800
immediate response but 
represented my growing political

3595
03:12:10,800 --> 03:12:12,900
involvement Beyond Battlefield 
leadership. 

3596
03:12:12,900 --> 03:12:16,900
The coronation ceremony on July,
the 17th exists in popular 

3597
03:12:16,900 --> 03:12:19,400
imagination. 
As a triumphant culmination, the

3598
03:12:19,400 --> 03:12:21,500
maid standing proudly beside her
King. 

3599
03:12:21,500 --> 03:12:26,300
As Divine prophecy is fulfilled.
Reality contained more nuanced. 

3600
03:12:26,300 --> 03:12:29,300
Indeed, stood near the altar 
holding my standard, but 

3601
03:12:29,300 --> 03:12:33,100
experience the ceremony with 
complicated emotions, initially 

3602
03:12:33,100 --> 03:12:35,800
relief. 
Predominated, I had accomplished

3603
03:12:35,800 --> 03:12:37,700
the primary Mission. 
The voices had given me. 

3604
03:12:38,700 --> 03:12:41,100
Charles knelt before the 
Archbishop received sacred 

3605
03:12:41,100 --> 03:12:44,100
anointing from the holy ampulla 
and Rose as King. 

3606
03:12:44,100 --> 03:12:46,600
Charles the seventh, his 
legitimacy, no longer 

3607
03:12:46,600 --> 03:12:49,200
questionable. 
As the Archbishop placed, the 

3608
03:12:49,200 --> 03:12:51,900
crown on his head, I 
spontaneously, broken into 

3609
03:12:51,900 --> 03:12:54,900
tears. 
Now God's work is accomplished. 

3610
03:12:54,900 --> 03:12:58,100
I told him afterward during the 
celebration Feast where I was 

3611
03:12:58,100 --> 03:13:01,100
granted a position of Honor. 
You are the true king of France 

3612
03:13:01,100 --> 03:13:03,200
by holy coronation as well as by
birth. 

3613
03:13:04,300 --> 03:13:07,000
Charles emotionally moved. 
Despite his typically, reserved 

3614
03:13:07,000 --> 03:13:09,800
nature asked, what reward I 
desired for my service, 

3615
03:13:09,800 --> 03:13:14,000
courtiers leaned forward and 
anticipating requests for titles

3616
03:13:14,000 --> 03:13:17,200
lands and wealth, the normal 
currency of Royal gratitude. 

3617
03:13:18,000 --> 03:13:22,000
Grant tax exemption to domini. 
I requested instead my people 

3618
03:13:22,000 --> 03:13:24,300
are poor and of suffered much 
from the war's Passage. 

3619
03:13:25,600 --> 03:13:28,600
This modest request enhanced my 
reputation for saintly 

3620
03:13:28,600 --> 03:13:31,600
disinterest, in worldly gain as 
it costs the crown, almost 

3621
03:13:31,600 --> 03:13:33,600
nothing and showed my lack of 
personal ambition. 

3622
03:13:34,900 --> 03:13:37,600
The voice is never promised a 
personal reward for completing 

3623
03:13:37,600 --> 03:13:40,500
Heaven's tasks. 
My future remained conspicuously

3624
03:13:40,500 --> 03:13:44,100
absent from their pronouncements
that evening alone in Chambers 

3625
03:13:44,100 --> 03:13:46,700
provided within the archbishop's
palace experience. 

3626
03:13:46,700 --> 03:13:50,500
Something unprecedented Silence 
from the voices that had guided 

3627
03:13:50,500 --> 03:13:54,900
me since age 13 I prayed for 
hours, seeking their familiar 

3628
03:13:54,900 --> 03:13:57,500
presence but encountered only 
ordinary Stillness. 

3629
03:13:58,600 --> 03:14:02,100
Have I fail in some manner. 
I finally asked aloud desperate 

3630
03:14:02,100 --> 03:14:04,400
for a response. 
Catherines voice, when it 

3631
03:14:04,408 --> 03:14:07,800
finally came sounded distant, as
if speaking across enormous 

3632
03:14:07,800 --> 03:14:10,100
separation. 
The path, divides. 

3633
03:14:10,100 --> 03:14:13,000
Before You One Direction, leads 
to Earthly Glory. 

3634
03:14:13,000 --> 03:14:16,500
But spiritual Peril the other as
bodily suffering, but Heavenly 

3635
03:14:16,500 --> 03:14:19,900
Triumph. 
Which should I choose I begged, 

3636
03:14:19,900 --> 03:14:22,700
but received no answer. 
The voice is diminishing 

3637
03:14:22,700 --> 03:14:24,800
Clarity. 
Troubled, me deeply as we 

3638
03:14:24,800 --> 03:14:27,800
departed, Rams on July 20th for 
years. 

3639
03:14:27,800 --> 03:14:30,000
They had provided unmistakable 
Direction. 

3640
03:14:30,000 --> 03:14:34,500
Now, at the moment of greatest 
public, Acclaim, they guide us 

3641
03:14:34,500 --> 03:14:38,200
through ambiguous precisely when
political complexity demanded 

3642
03:14:38,200 --> 03:14:41,900
the clearest understanding 
Charles and his advisors favored

3643
03:14:41,900 --> 03:14:45,500
consolidating recent gains 
negotiating with burgundy and 

3644
03:14:45,500 --> 03:14:48,400
avoiding confrontation with 
primary English forces. 

3645
03:14:48,400 --> 03:14:52,400
I advocated for an immediate 
Advance on Paris aiming to 

3646
03:14:52,408 --> 03:14:55,400
strike while our momentum 
remains strong and English 

3647
03:14:55,400 --> 03:14:58,200
Authority appeared. 
Weakest these Divergent 

3648
03:14:58,200 --> 03:15:01,400
strategies reflected fundamental
differences in perspective. 

3649
03:15:02,100 --> 03:15:04,500
Charles thinking in political 
terms of alliances and 

3650
03:15:04,500 --> 03:15:07,600
sustainable power. 
And me still operating from a 

3651
03:15:07,600 --> 03:15:10,500
Divine mandate to drive foreign 
forces from France entirely. 

3652
03:15:11,200 --> 03:15:12,900
God did not deliver victory at 
all. 

3653
03:15:12,900 --> 03:15:15,300
He could stop halfway to 
complete Liberation. 

3654
03:15:15,300 --> 03:15:19,500
I argued during councils Paris 
is the Kingdom's, heart reclaim 

3655
03:15:19,500 --> 03:15:21,100
it and the English position 
collapses. 

3656
03:15:22,200 --> 03:15:24,700
What I couldn't share was my 
growing fear that time was 

3657
03:15:24,700 --> 03:15:27,700
running out, and that the fading
of the voices signaled, an 

3658
03:15:27,700 --> 03:15:31,900
impending end to Divine favor, 
This created urgency, I couldn't

3659
03:15:31,900 --> 03:15:33,500
fully explain to military 
commanders. 

3660
03:15:33,500 --> 03:15:35,200
A custom to deliberate 
campaigns. 

3661
03:15:36,000 --> 03:15:38,800
As we travel through recently, 
liberated territories, common 

3662
03:15:38,800 --> 03:15:41,900
people flocked to see me, 
reaching to touch my armor, 

3663
03:15:41,900 --> 03:15:44,700
making blessings for children 
and offering tokens of 

3664
03:15:44,708 --> 03:15:48,200
appreciation. 
Women wept openly seeing in me 

3665
03:15:48,200 --> 03:15:50,900
something that transcended 
conventional limitations placed 

3666
03:15:50,900 --> 03:15:54,600
on our gender men removed caps. 
Respectfully, as if you're in 

3667
03:15:54,600 --> 03:15:56,900
the presence of something 
wholly, this veneration 

3668
03:15:56,900 --> 03:16:00,000
discomforted me, increasingly, I
am not a saint. 

3669
03:16:00,000 --> 03:16:03,500
I told Charlotte Dale breath a 
noble woman who had joined our 

3670
03:16:03,500 --> 03:16:06,100
traveling court and attempted to
collect my discarded garments, 

3671
03:16:06,100 --> 03:16:08,900
as relics. 
I'm only God's messenger nothing

3672
03:16:08,900 --> 03:16:11,500
in myself. 
Yet, God chose you. 

3673
03:16:11,500 --> 03:16:15,000
She countered that distinction 
itself, makes you extraordinary.

3674
03:16:16,300 --> 03:16:19,200
This growing Cult of Personality
served immediate political 

3675
03:16:19,200 --> 03:16:23,000
purposes, rallying support, for 
Charles, demonstrating Divine 

3676
03:16:23,000 --> 03:16:26,100
favor for his rule. 
But created complications, I was

3677
03:16:26,100 --> 03:16:30,300
ill equipped to navigate each 
miraculous attribution each 

3678
03:16:30,300 --> 03:16:33,800
story embellished in retelling 
placed me further from the 

3679
03:16:33,800 --> 03:16:37,300
simple girl who had left on Remy
leaving Heaven's instructions 

3680
03:16:37,300 --> 03:16:40,600
were straightforward. 
By Late July Charles had begun 

3681
03:16:40,600 --> 03:16:43,400
secret negotiations with 
burgundy, seeking diplomatic 

3682
03:16:43,400 --> 03:16:46,200
resolution, while publicly 
maintaining military pressure. 

3683
03:16:47,200 --> 03:16:48,800
This strategy made political 
sense. 

3684
03:16:48,800 --> 03:16:51,400
But contradicted, the voices 
increasingly sporadic. 

3685
03:16:51,400 --> 03:16:54,200
Instructions for complete 
Liberation through direct 

3686
03:16:54,200 --> 03:16:57,400
action. 
The resulting tension manifested

3687
03:16:57,400 --> 03:17:00,200
and Council debates. 
Where my previously, decisive 

3688
03:17:00,200 --> 03:17:02,700
guidance. 
Now competed with experienced 

3689
03:17:02,700 --> 03:17:05,800
political advisors offering 
conventional alternatives. 

3690
03:17:06,900 --> 03:17:09,900
You are not sent to negotiate 
half measures, Michael told me 

3691
03:17:09,900 --> 03:17:13,100
during rare communication, we 
must fully cleanse France of 

3692
03:17:13,100 --> 03:17:16,400
foreign presence. 
Yet when I repeated such 

3693
03:17:16,400 --> 03:17:19,200
sentiments to Charles and his 
counselors, they increasingly 

3694
03:17:19,200 --> 03:17:21,700
regarded them as militarily 
unrealistic and politically 

3695
03:17:21,700 --> 03:17:24,100
naive. 
The maid had served her purpose 

3696
03:17:24,100 --> 03:17:27,000
in delivering coronation. 
Now practical governance, 

3697
03:17:27,000 --> 03:17:29,700
required compromises, Heaven, 
seemed unwilling to acknowledge 

3698
03:17:29,700 --> 03:17:33,900
this Divergence would soon lead 
to Paris and decisions that 

3699
03:17:33,900 --> 03:17:37,000
would alter my path. 
Irrevocably August found us 

3700
03:17:37,000 --> 03:17:39,400
advancing incrementally toward 
Paris, while Charles 

3701
03:17:39,400 --> 03:17:42,000
simultaneously, pursued, 
negotiations with burgundy. 

3702
03:17:42,700 --> 03:17:45,600
This contradictory approach 
military pressure paired at with

3703
03:17:45,600 --> 03:17:48,300
diplomatic Outreach created, 
strategic confusion. 

3704
03:17:49,300 --> 03:17:52,200
Well, we truly attempting to 
recapture Paris or merely 

3705
03:17:52,208 --> 03:17:54,500
demonstrating military 
capability to strengthen 

3706
03:17:54,500 --> 03:17:58,500
Charles's negotiating position. 
The Duke of Bedford English 

3707
03:17:58,500 --> 03:18:01,900
Regent for their child, King 
Henry, the sick recognized our 

3708
03:18:01,900 --> 03:18:06,100
momentum and retreated from 
direct confrontation reinforcing

3709
03:18:06,100 --> 03:18:07,600
Paris. 
While yielding smaller 

3710
03:18:07,600 --> 03:18:10,800
surrounding territories. 
On August 14th. 

3711
03:18:10,800 --> 03:18:14,600
Charles signed a 15-day truce 
with burgundy, supposedly, 

3712
03:18:14,600 --> 03:18:17,700
creating space for peace 
negotiations, while actually 

3713
03:18:17,700 --> 03:18:20,200
providing English forces. 
Critical time to strengthen 

3714
03:18:20,200 --> 03:18:23,300
paris's defenses. 
I oppose this true veerman 

3715
03:18:23,300 --> 03:18:25,400
sentencing opportunities 
slipping away. 

3716
03:18:26,500 --> 03:18:29,200
While you exchange Pleasant 
messages or enemies, rebuild 

3717
03:18:29,200 --> 03:18:32,500
walls and restore courage. 
I warned Charles the moment for 

3718
03:18:32,500 --> 03:18:37,800
decisive action passes with each
day of delay, The voices though.

3719
03:18:37,800 --> 03:18:40,200
Less frequent reinforced. 
This urgency. 

3720
03:18:41,100 --> 03:18:44,800
Paris must not remain in enemy 
hands, Margaret insisted during 

3721
03:18:44,800 --> 03:18:46,900
prayer. 
The city's, Liberation will 

3722
03:18:46,900 --> 03:18:51,000
break English resolved 
completely Charles wavered 

3723
03:18:51,000 --> 03:18:53,800
between my continued insistence 
on Divine mandate and his 

3724
03:18:53,800 --> 03:18:55,900
counselors emphasis on political
reality. 

3725
03:18:56,700 --> 03:18:58,800
The compromise that emerged 
satisfied. 

3726
03:18:58,800 --> 03:19:02,700
No one our forces would advance 
to paris's outskirts but avoid 

3727
03:19:02,700 --> 03:19:05,600
full of salt. 
While negotiations continued by 

3728
03:19:05,600 --> 03:19:09,200
late August, we established 
positions at Sandy within sight 

3729
03:19:09,200 --> 03:19:13,000
of paris's Northern walls. 
The city's proximity affected 

3730
03:19:13,000 --> 03:19:14,900
me. 
Strangely after months of 

3731
03:19:14,900 --> 03:19:18,100
campaigning focused on the 
subjective actually seeing its 

3732
03:19:18,100 --> 03:19:21,200
towers and spiers created an 
almost physical yearning to 

3733
03:19:21,200 --> 03:19:22,700
complete what the voice is had 
promised. 

3734
03:19:23,800 --> 03:19:26,800
Daily, I rode reconnaissance 
along positions facing the city 

3735
03:19:26,800 --> 03:19:30,400
studying defense's planning 
approaches and praying for Clear

3736
03:19:30,400 --> 03:19:32,600
instruction that came with 
decreasing reliability. 

3737
03:19:33,600 --> 03:19:37,200
The truce with burgundy expired 
without meaningful agreement on 

3738
03:19:37,200 --> 03:19:39,400
September 8th. 
I convinced our commanders to 

3739
03:19:39,400 --> 03:19:42,000
attempt in assault against 
paris's defenses near the South 

3740
03:19:42,000 --> 03:19:45,100
honorary gate despite Charles 
with holding full support for 

3741
03:19:45,100 --> 03:19:48,100
the operation. 
This partial commitment meant 

3742
03:19:48,100 --> 03:19:50,400
attacking with insufficient 
forces against prepared 

3743
03:19:50,400 --> 03:19:53,400
positions, a military mistake 
Justified only by my 

3744
03:19:53,400 --> 03:19:56,200
increasingly desperate 
insistence that heaven would 

3745
03:19:56,200 --> 03:20:00,000
provide necessary advantage. 
God will blind their Gunners. 

3746
03:20:00,000 --> 03:20:02,200
I promised troops assembled for 
the assault. 

3747
03:20:02,200 --> 03:20:05,700
Divine protection, covers us as 
we reclaim the Kingdom's heart. 

3748
03:20:07,200 --> 03:20:10,100
The attack commenced at noon 
initial progress. 

3749
03:20:10,100 --> 03:20:13,400
Seemed to confirm Divine favor. 
We reached the outer moat with 

3750
03:20:13,400 --> 03:20:16,100
minimal casualties and 
established positions within 

3751
03:20:16,100 --> 03:20:17,200
bow. 
Range of the walls. 

3752
03:20:18,000 --> 03:20:21,200
I led a contingent testing depth
that the inner moat seeking 

3753
03:20:21,200 --> 03:20:24,000
Crossing points, while carrying 
my standard forward as visible 

3754
03:20:24,000 --> 03:20:27,000
inspiration. 
Then reality asserted itself. 

3755
03:20:27,000 --> 03:20:30,600
Brutally Paris is Defenders had 
prepared thoroughly during the 

3756
03:20:30,600 --> 03:20:34,300
negotiation delays. 
Canon and crossbow, fire rain 

3757
03:20:34,300 --> 03:20:37,500
down upon exposed positions the 
moat proved deeper than 

3758
03:20:37,500 --> 03:20:40,000
expected. 
Its bottom studded with sharp 

3759
03:20:40,000 --> 03:20:41,800
and Stakes. 
Invisible beneath, muddy water, 

3760
03:20:41,800 --> 03:20:45,300
men died, attempting Crossing's 
that proved impossible without 

3761
03:20:45,300 --> 03:20:48,900
proper equipment. 
We lacked Near dusk, a crossbow 

3762
03:20:48,900 --> 03:20:51,100
bolt. 
Struck my thigh penetrating 

3763
03:20:51,100 --> 03:20:54,000
deeply. 
Unlike the Orioles injury, this 

3764
03:20:54,000 --> 03:20:55,900
wound immediately incapacitated 
me. 

3765
03:20:55,900 --> 03:20:59,400
A continued shouting 
encouragement from where I fell.

3766
03:20:59,400 --> 03:21:03,100
Insisting the attack continued 
despite my condition but 

3767
03:21:03,100 --> 03:21:05,900
commanders ordered Retreat upon 
seeing the standard Bearer down.

3768
03:21:06,700 --> 03:21:10,100
Soldiers carried me from the 
battlefield as Darkness fell our

3769
03:21:10,100 --> 03:21:12,200
forces withdrawing. 
And frustration, rather than 

3770
03:21:12,200 --> 03:21:15,900
defeat we had never established 
positions from which Victory was

3771
03:21:15,900 --> 03:21:18,700
possible. 
The wound itself, while painful 

3772
03:21:18,700 --> 03:21:22,000
would heal cleanly. 
The spiritual injury proved more

3773
03:21:22,000 --> 03:21:25,600
significant for the first time I
had promised divine intervention

3774
03:21:25,600 --> 03:21:30,000
that fail to materialize. why I 
whispered that night, while 

3775
03:21:30,000 --> 03:21:32,600
surgeons extracted the bolt 
using methodical cruelty 

3776
03:21:32,600 --> 03:21:36,300
necessary to prevent festering, 
Why was Paris denied to us? 

3777
03:21:36,300 --> 03:21:39,400
When all he was granted. 
The voice is remained. 

3778
03:21:39,400 --> 03:21:42,600
Silent through hours of pain, 
there are absence felt more 

3779
03:21:42,600 --> 03:21:45,900
painful than physical harm had. 
They abandoned me due to some 

3780
03:21:45,908 --> 03:21:48,900
failure, had I misunderstood 
Heaven's intent all along. 

3781
03:21:50,400 --> 03:21:53,700
Charles receiving news of the 
failed, assault ordered 

3782
03:21:53,700 --> 03:21:55,800
immediate withdrawal from 
paris's facility. 

3783
03:21:56,700 --> 03:21:59,900
In my view, this sensible 
military decision, represented a

3784
03:21:59,900 --> 03:22:02,500
personal betrayal. 
As it abandoned Divine Purpose, 

3785
03:22:02,500 --> 03:22:06,000
in favor of political 
convenience, when I was finally 

3786
03:22:06,000 --> 03:22:09,100
permitted an audience, three 
days later, I found that he was 

3787
03:22:09,100 --> 03:22:11,500
already reframing recent events 
for the courtiers. 

3788
03:22:12,400 --> 03:22:15,200
The maid accomplished what God 
sent her to do, he explained 

3789
03:22:15,200 --> 03:22:18,500
smoothly? 
All liberated coronation 

3790
03:22:18,500 --> 03:22:21,900
achieved, perhaps Heaven, never 
intended, Paris, and media 

3791
03:22:21,900 --> 03:22:24,500
recovery. 
You speak for heaven. 

3792
03:22:24,500 --> 03:22:27,600
Now a challenge to him 
struggling to stand straight. 

3793
03:22:27,600 --> 03:22:30,100
Despite the pain. 
In my bandaged leg, the mission 

3794
03:22:30,100 --> 03:22:33,000
remains incomplete while 
Englishman occupy, French soil. 

3795
03:22:33,000 --> 03:22:37,000
Charles regarded me with the 
complex emotion, gratitude for 

3796
03:22:37,000 --> 03:22:40,300
past service tempered by growing
political inconvenience of my 

3797
03:22:40,300 --> 03:22:43,500
unyielding position. 
France's restoration will 

3798
03:22:43,500 --> 03:22:47,500
require years, not months. 
He said, gently Even Heaven, 

3799
03:22:47,500 --> 03:22:50,500
Must recognize Earthly 
limitations this exchange 

3800
03:22:50,500 --> 03:22:52,000
marked. 
A fundamental shift in our 

3801
03:22:52,000 --> 03:22:55,200
relationship where Charles had 
once needed my perceived Divine 

3802
03:22:55,200 --> 03:22:59,300
sanction to legitimize his rule 
successful coronation, now 

3803
03:22:59,300 --> 03:23:02,500
provided independent Authority, 
the major remained useful 

3804
03:23:02,500 --> 03:23:05,900
symbolically, but increasingly 
problematic practically, as 

3805
03:23:05,900 --> 03:23:08,800
military campaigns transition 
toward diplomatic Solutions, 

3806
03:23:08,800 --> 03:23:11,000
requiring compromise and voices 
prohibited. 

3807
03:23:11,800 --> 03:23:15,100
Through Autumn a company, the 
Royal Court as it with Drew to 

3808
03:23:15,100 --> 03:23:16,800
safer territories along the 
Loire. 

3809
03:23:16,800 --> 03:23:19,900
My wound healed gradually. 
While my position diminished 

3810
03:23:19,900 --> 03:23:23,100
subtly, Still honored 
ceremonially but increasingly 

3811
03:23:23,100 --> 03:23:24,900
excluded from meaningful 
councils. 

3812
03:23:25,900 --> 03:23:28,000
Charles granted me Noble. 
Status in December. 

3813
03:23:28,000 --> 03:23:31,000
Providing arms depicting. 
A sword supporting the crown 

3814
03:23:31,000 --> 03:23:33,800
beneath the flood. 
Elise recognition that pacified 

3815
03:23:33,800 --> 03:23:37,300
my supporters while effectively 
sidelining me from direct 

3816
03:23:37,300 --> 03:23:40,300
military command. 
This period marked my most 

3817
03:23:40,300 --> 03:23:43,300
difficult spiritual challenge, 
the voices returned 

3818
03:23:43,300 --> 03:23:46,000
intermittently. 
But spoke with disturbing and 

3819
03:23:46,000 --> 03:23:49,500
consistency, Michael demanded. 
Continued aggressive action, 

3820
03:23:49,500 --> 03:23:51,800
while Catherine, counseled 
patience. 

3821
03:23:52,500 --> 03:23:55,300
Margaret sometimes suggested 
accepting, a ceremonial role 

3822
03:23:55,300 --> 03:23:58,500
within Charles's court, but she 
also insisted that my work 

3823
03:23:58,500 --> 03:24:01,700
remained unfinished. 
These contradictions created 

3824
03:24:01,700 --> 03:24:03,800
profound out. 
I had never experienced during 

3825
03:24:03,800 --> 03:24:07,100
the clarity of earlier missions.
Had some of the voices. 

3826
03:24:07,100 --> 03:24:09,300
I heard been false all along 
was. 

3827
03:24:09,300 --> 03:24:12,600
I now miss hearing Divine 
instruction, or was Heaven 

3828
03:24:12,600 --> 03:24:14,900
itself. 
Divided on France's proper path 

3829
03:24:14,900 --> 03:24:18,200
forward. 
Christmas 1429 found me in 

3830
03:24:18,200 --> 03:24:22,000
ceremonial attendance at court 
celebrations, outwardly honored,

3831
03:24:22,000 --> 03:24:24,900
but inwardly conflicted. 
I watched a labret. 

3832
03:24:24,900 --> 03:24:27,300
Pageantry commemorating 
Charles's coronation 

3833
03:24:27,300 --> 03:24:30,100
performance. 
Is that already Incorporated 

3834
03:24:30,100 --> 03:24:33,100
stylized depiction of the maid 
as a semi mythical figure. 

3835
03:24:33,100 --> 03:24:37,500
Guiding Francis resurgence. the 
actual jahani still banded, 

3836
03:24:37,500 --> 03:24:41,900
increasingly isolated observed, 
her transformation into a symbol

3837
03:24:41,900 --> 03:24:45,400
with growing discomfort, That 
night neiling alone in the 

3838
03:24:45,400 --> 03:24:49,000
castle Chapel long after formal 
Services concluded, experience 

3839
03:24:49,000 --> 03:24:51,900
the voices with unusual Clarity 
after months of ambiguity. 

3840
03:24:53,000 --> 03:24:56,000
Your time grows short. 
Michael stated without Preamble,

3841
03:24:56,000 --> 03:24:59,100
you must continue the fight, 
while Freedom remains yours. 

3842
03:24:59,800 --> 03:25:01,600
The king no longer heeds, my 
counsel. 

3843
03:25:01,600 --> 03:25:04,700
I protested commanders, follow 
his Direction, not mine. 

3844
03:25:05,500 --> 03:25:09,200
Then you must act independently.
You know, came the reply better 

3845
03:25:09,200 --> 03:25:11,500
capture by enemies than 
surrender to comfortable 

3846
03:25:11,500 --> 03:25:13,600
irrelevance. 
Although troubling this 

3847
03:25:13,600 --> 03:25:16,200
guidance, offered direction that
I had been lacking for months. 

3848
03:25:17,100 --> 03:25:21,200
As 1429 ended a resolve to 
escape the increasingly gilded 

3849
03:25:21,200 --> 03:25:23,600
constraints of Court life and 
returned to direct action. 

3850
03:25:23,600 --> 03:25:27,300
Even without Royal sanction, 
this decision tactically 

3851
03:25:27,300 --> 03:25:30,900
questionable politically naive 
would determine my fate in ways.

3852
03:25:30,900 --> 03:25:34,200
The voices, never clearly 
revealed the New Year began with

3853
03:25:34,200 --> 03:25:35,800
me. 
Effectively sidelined at court 

3854
03:25:35,800 --> 03:25:38,400
while Charles pursued diplomatic
arrangements with burgundy. 

3855
03:25:39,200 --> 03:25:43,200
I chafed at inactivity sensing 
precious time wasting, while the

3856
03:25:43,200 --> 03:25:46,200
voice is growing, increasingly 
urgent about continuing France's

3857
03:25:46,200 --> 03:25:51,000
liberation By March 1430. 
I could bear ceremonial 

3858
03:25:51,000 --> 03:25:54,400
confinement and no longer. 
Without Royal permission. 

3859
03:25:54,400 --> 03:25:58,400
Technically desertion though my 
status remained ambiguous, I 

3860
03:25:58,400 --> 03:26:00,900
departed secretly with a small 
company of loyal followers. 

3861
03:26:01,800 --> 03:26:04,600
We rode for compliance 
strategically, vital Town, 

3862
03:26:04,600 --> 03:26:07,200
threatened by The Burgundian 
forces north of Paris. 

3863
03:26:07,200 --> 03:26:10,700
This decision reflected both 
military logic and the voices 

3864
03:26:10,700 --> 03:26:13,900
insistence that action could not
wait World convenience. 

3865
03:26:14,700 --> 03:26:18,000
My departure created political 
complications for Charles who 

3866
03:26:18,000 --> 03:26:20,800
neither officially condemned nor
endorsed my independent 

3867
03:26:20,800 --> 03:26:23,000
operation. 
This ambiguity, proved 

3868
03:26:23,000 --> 03:26:26,100
ultimately fatal had I remained 
clearly under Royal protection. 

3869
03:26:26,100 --> 03:26:29,000
Subsequent events might have 
unfolded differently. 

3870
03:26:30,600 --> 03:26:34,600
We reached compean, April, where
the town's Governor gilm de 

3871
03:26:34,600 --> 03:26:37,900
flea, welcome to reinforcement, 
despite its unofficial nature 

3872
03:26:37,900 --> 03:26:41,000
Burgundian forces, under Jean. 
De Luxembourg had been 

3873
03:26:41,008 --> 03:26:44,400
methodically isolating. 
The town capturing surrounding 

3874
03:26:44,400 --> 03:26:48,200
positions Our arrival boosted 
Defender, morale temporarily. 

3875
03:26:48,200 --> 03:26:51,000
But the Strategic situation 
remained precarious. 

3876
03:26:52,300 --> 03:26:55,600
On May the 23rd. 
I led a sortie against positions

3877
03:26:55,600 --> 03:26:58,100
at Margie initially achieving 
surprise. 

3878
03:26:58,900 --> 03:27:01,600
However, in enemy reinforcements
arrived quickly, forcing 

3879
03:27:01,600 --> 03:27:05,100
retirement toward the town as 
our forces retreated across the 

3880
03:27:05,100 --> 03:27:07,200
single Bridge into complain. 
Disaster. 

3881
03:27:07,200 --> 03:27:10,400
Struck the drawbridge raised. 
Prematurely stranding. 

3882
03:27:10,400 --> 03:27:14,700
Rear guard Defenders, including 
my sea of outside the walls. 

3883
03:27:15,900 --> 03:27:19,100
Accounts of this moment, very 
dramatically some claimed 

3884
03:27:19,100 --> 03:27:22,500
deliberate betrayal by flavy who
supposedly ordered early closure

3885
03:27:22,500 --> 03:27:25,500
knowing I would be captured 
others suggested simple 

3886
03:27:25,500 --> 03:27:27,900
miscommunication during confused
withdrawal. 

3887
03:27:27,900 --> 03:27:30,600
The voices had warned of 
betrayal for months. 

3888
03:27:30,600 --> 03:27:35,000
Trust Only Heaven not 
changeable, men like a caution 

3889
03:27:35,000 --> 03:27:38,100
repeatedly, but provided no 
specific protection against this

3890
03:27:38,100 --> 03:27:41,100
development. 
Burgundian soldiers, surrounded 

3891
03:27:41,100 --> 03:27:43,300
me. 
And after a brief battle, they 

3892
03:27:43,300 --> 03:27:47,700
pulled me from my horse. 
A minor nobleman Lionel of one. 

3893
03:27:47,700 --> 03:27:51,000
Donny claimed, my surrender. 
Technically, capturing Me by 

3894
03:27:51,000 --> 03:27:53,900
laying hand on my leg, according
to contemporary accounts. 

3895
03:27:54,600 --> 03:27:57,300
My sword raised to continue 
resistance lowered, upon 

3896
03:27:57,300 --> 03:27:59,400
recognition. 
That futile struggle would only 

3897
03:27:59,400 --> 03:28:02,600
result in unnecessary deaths 
among my few remaining 

3898
03:28:02,600 --> 03:28:05,900
companions. 
I am worth more alive for ransom

3899
03:28:05,900 --> 03:28:08,100
than dead. 
I told one Dawn in a practical 

3900
03:28:08,100 --> 03:28:10,800
manner, even though I knew that 
the ransom would likely never 

3901
03:28:10,800 --> 03:28:14,400
materialized, The voices had 
never specifically predicted 

3902
03:28:14,400 --> 03:28:18,000
capture, but had indicated great
suffering layer ahead as part of

3903
03:28:18,008 --> 03:28:21,000
Heaven's plan. 
Initially captivity seemed 

3904
03:28:21,000 --> 03:28:24,400
relatively benign, Luxembourg 
treated me as a valuable 

3905
03:28:24,400 --> 03:28:26,600
prisoner rather than a criminal 
housing. 

3906
03:28:26,600 --> 03:28:28,500
Me reasonably at his castle at 
boulier. 

3907
03:28:29,200 --> 03:28:31,900
I made one escape attempt, 
nearly succeeding by squeezing 

3908
03:28:31,900 --> 03:28:35,000
between wooden bars before being
recaptured and transferred. 

3909
03:28:35,000 --> 03:28:37,400
To more secure confinement of 
borov Castle. 

3910
03:28:38,000 --> 03:28:41,300
There luxembourg's aren't Jan 
and wife Jean bun. 

3911
03:28:41,300 --> 03:28:44,800
Treated me with unexpected 
kindness, providing female 

3912
03:28:44,800 --> 03:28:47,100
clothing, and gentling 
encouragement to abandon male 

3913
03:28:47,100 --> 03:28:51,800
attire and Military aspirations.
The Compassion the first 

3914
03:28:51,800 --> 03:28:54,400
feminine companionship I'd 
experienced since leaving. 

3915
03:28:54,400 --> 03:28:56,900
Dom Remi tempted me toward 
compromise. 

3916
03:28:56,900 --> 03:29:01,500
I would forbid Why must I mean, 
a male appearance now that 

3917
03:29:01,500 --> 03:29:04,900
fighting has ended, I asked 
during prayer, receiving 

3918
03:29:04,900 --> 03:29:08,400
Catherine's uncompromising 
response, your mission hasn't 

3919
03:29:08,400 --> 03:29:12,000
changed, with capture male 
attire remains both practical 

3920
03:29:12,000 --> 03:29:15,500
protection and a visible sign of
a Divine exception to worldly 

3921
03:29:15,500 --> 03:29:19,200
constraints. 
News reached me at borova the 

3922
03:29:19,200 --> 03:29:21,200
comprehensive situation, worsen 
daily. 

3923
03:29:22,000 --> 03:29:24,400
In desperation. 
I attempted a second Escape in 

3924
03:29:24,400 --> 03:29:27,800
October this time jumping from 
the tower window, approximately 

3925
03:29:27,800 --> 03:29:31,300
70 feet of ground. 
The fall should have proof fatal

3926
03:29:31,300 --> 03:29:34,000
that I survived with only 
bruising and temporary. 

3927
03:29:34,000 --> 03:29:37,600
Unconsciousness was later 
presented as either a miracle or

3928
03:29:37,600 --> 03:29:41,300
evidence of demonic protection. 
Depending on The Interpreter. 

3929
03:29:42,200 --> 03:29:44,700
I know November political 
machination surrounding my 

3930
03:29:44,700 --> 03:29:48,400
captivity clarified horribly. 
The English, recognizing my 

3931
03:29:48,400 --> 03:29:51,900
symbolic value arranged a 
purchase from Luxembourg for 

3932
03:29:51,900 --> 03:29:55,300
10,000 levers. 
A substantial sum indicating my 

3933
03:29:55,300 --> 03:29:58,500
importance to their strategy. 
Charles made no counter offer. 

3934
03:29:58,500 --> 03:30:01,100
Effectively abandoning me to the
enemies judgment. 

3935
03:30:02,000 --> 03:30:04,400
The English faced a dilemma 
regarding my disposition. 

3936
03:30:05,200 --> 03:30:07,800
Simple, execution of a captured 
enemy combatant would risk, 

3937
03:30:07,800 --> 03:30:10,200
martyrdom potentially, 
strengthening French Resistance,

3938
03:30:10,200 --> 03:30:14,000
rather than weakening it. 
A more complex strategy emerged.

3939
03:30:14,800 --> 03:30:17,200
Systematic destruction of my 
Divine claims through 

3940
03:30:17,200 --> 03:30:19,600
ecclesiastical condemnation for 
heresy. 

3941
03:30:19,600 --> 03:30:23,300
This approach would not only 
eliminate me physically but more

3942
03:30:23,300 --> 03:30:27,500
importantly, delegitimize. 
Everything I represented, Divine

3943
03:30:27,500 --> 03:30:30,800
sanction for Charles's Rule and 
Heaven, support for French 

3944
03:30:30,800 --> 03:30:32,600
Resurgence against English 
occupation. 

3945
03:30:32,600 --> 03:30:36,100
In December 1430. 
They transferred me to rule of 

3946
03:30:36,100 --> 03:30:39,100
firmly within English, 
controlled territory conditions,

3947
03:30:39,100 --> 03:30:42,000
deteriorated immediately. 
I was placed in secular prison 

3948
03:30:42,000 --> 03:30:45,500
rather than ecclesiastical 
custody normally accorded. 

3949
03:30:45,500 --> 03:30:49,600
Those facing religious charges 
confined in Iron shackles and 

3950
03:30:49,600 --> 03:30:52,700
guarded continuously by Common 
soldiers, whose Behavior ranged 

3951
03:30:52,700 --> 03:30:55,100
from verbal abuse to attempted 
assault. 

3952
03:30:55,800 --> 03:30:57,400
Why does heaven permit such 
treatment? 

3953
03:30:57,400 --> 03:31:00,000
I asked during increasingly. 
Desperate prayers. 

3954
03:31:00,000 --> 03:31:02,300
What purpose does this suffering
serve? 

3955
03:31:03,500 --> 03:31:06,100
Remember Christ, before Pilate 
Margaret answered. 

3956
03:31:06,900 --> 03:31:10,500
Truth remains truth, even when 
power condemns it. 

3957
03:31:12,100 --> 03:31:16,200
The trial officially began. 
February 21st 1431, under 

3958
03:31:16,200 --> 03:31:19,000
Bishop, Pierre core. 
He was appointment revealed. 

3959
03:31:19,000 --> 03:31:22,800
The proceedings predetermined 
nature, he was a known English 

3960
03:31:22,800 --> 03:31:26,900
sympathizer, with personal 
animosity toward me, assessors, 

3961
03:31:26,900 --> 03:31:29,500
and judges were carefully 
selected to ensure the desired 

3962
03:31:29,500 --> 03:31:31,700
outcome. 
Although it was technically an 

3963
03:31:31,700 --> 03:31:34,200
ecclesiastical Court. 
The proceedings were entirely 

3964
03:31:34,200 --> 03:31:36,300
controlled by English 
authorities. 

3965
03:31:37,100 --> 03:31:40,100
Looking Back Now across times 
distance, I see legal 

3966
03:31:40,100 --> 03:31:43,600
complexities, I couldn't 
recognize then my request for 

3967
03:31:43,600 --> 03:31:46,100
balanced representation from 
both English, and French. 

3968
03:31:46,100 --> 03:31:48,900
Clerics was denied my appeal to 
the pope. 

3969
03:31:48,900 --> 03:31:52,400
Technically my right, under 
Church law was ignored most 

3970
03:31:52,400 --> 03:31:55,400
cruelty, Highly Educated 
theologians denied me, counsel 

3971
03:31:55,400 --> 03:31:59,100
twisting, simple, statements 
into heretical formulations. 

3972
03:32:00,300 --> 03:32:03,300
Do you believe yourself to be in
God's Grace Court on asked early

3973
03:32:03,300 --> 03:32:06,300
in the proceedings? 
A theological trap answering? 

3974
03:32:06,300 --> 03:32:09,700
Yes, would imply a presumption 
that is condemned by church 

3975
03:32:09,700 --> 03:32:12,700
doctrine while answering? 
No, would indicate an admission 

3976
03:32:12,700 --> 03:32:14,800
of guilt. 
If I am not. 

3977
03:32:15,700 --> 03:32:18,400
May God put me there. 
I replied after a moment's 

3978
03:32:18,400 --> 03:32:21,500
thought. 
If I am may God keep me there. 

3979
03:32:23,000 --> 03:32:25,900
This answer frustrated the 
interrogators, but I simply 

3980
03:32:25,900 --> 03:32:28,000
expressed my actual 
understanding, showing, 

3981
03:32:28,000 --> 03:32:31,600
unexpected, theological 
sophistication, Grace remained, 

3982
03:32:31,600 --> 03:32:33,600
God's Province, not mine to 
claim. 

3983
03:32:33,600 --> 03:32:37,200
Absolutely. 
For five months interrogation, 

3984
03:32:37,200 --> 03:32:41,100
continued, sometimes publicly 
before a full tribunal sometimes

3985
03:32:41,100 --> 03:32:44,300
in private prison questioning, 
my male attire became the 

3986
03:32:44,300 --> 03:32:47,700
central Focus providing tangible
evidence of defiance against 

3987
03:32:47,700 --> 03:32:50,900
Natural order. 
Voices were dissected endlessly,

3988
03:32:50,900 --> 03:32:54,600
where they Angels or demons. 
Why did they speak to an 

3989
03:32:54,600 --> 03:32:57,600
uneducated girl rather than 
through the established church 

3990
03:32:57,600 --> 03:33:00,800
hierarchy? 
I recorded an examined each of 

3991
03:33:00,800 --> 03:33:04,000
my answers for inconsistencies 
and potential heresies. 

3992
03:33:04,000 --> 03:33:08,000
What records don't capture the 
physical deterioration during 

3993
03:33:08,000 --> 03:33:10,100
this period. 
Prison conditions. 

3994
03:33:10,100 --> 03:33:14,100
Continuous shackling, poor 
nutrition, sleep interrupted by 

3995
03:33:14,100 --> 03:33:17,000
God's harassment, gradually 
weakened a body already 

3996
03:33:17,000 --> 03:33:19,100
compromised by previous wounds 
and hardship. 

3997
03:33:19,900 --> 03:33:22,900
By may, I suffered recurring, 
fevers dramatic weight loss and 

3998
03:33:22,900 --> 03:33:25,300
periods of confusion during 
longer integration's. 

3999
03:33:25,300 --> 03:33:28,900
The voice is remained present 
but changed character, less 

4000
03:33:28,900 --> 03:33:32,500
commanding more comforting, a 
smoking increasingly of heavenly

4001
03:33:32,500 --> 03:33:35,700
reward rather than Earthly 
Victory preparing me for an 

4002
03:33:35,700 --> 03:33:37,600
outcome that seemed increasingly
inevitable. 

4003
03:33:38,700 --> 03:33:40,900
Will I burn? 
I asked directly during one 

4004
03:33:40,900 --> 03:33:43,200
night's prayer. 
The body is temporary. 

4005
03:33:43,200 --> 03:33:46,000
Catherine answer. 
Gently what matters is truth 

4006
03:33:46,000 --> 03:33:49,800
maintained and till the end. 
On May the 24th. 

4007
03:33:49,800 --> 03:33:52,800
I was taking to the rule on 
Cemetery where scaffolds had 

4008
03:33:52,800 --> 03:33:55,800
been erected one holding 
officials, who would witness my 

4009
03:33:55,800 --> 03:33:58,500
anticipated? 
Recantation, another displaying 

4010
03:33:58,500 --> 03:34:00,500
instruments of execution. 
Should I refuse? 

4011
03:34:01,300 --> 03:34:04,100
Exhausted physically and 
isolated completely. 

4012
03:34:04,100 --> 03:34:07,500
I briefly wavered when presented
with a document, I was told 

4013
03:34:07,500 --> 03:34:10,500
contained a simple app, duration
of male clothing and independent

4014
03:34:10,500 --> 03:34:14,000
interpretation of voices. 
What I was unaware of was that 

4015
03:34:14,000 --> 03:34:17,000
the actual document contained, a
comprehensive admission of fraud

4016
03:34:17,000 --> 03:34:19,900
demonic influence and heretical 
intent. 

4017
03:34:19,900 --> 03:34:23,200
Completely repudiating. 
Everything I had experienced and

4018
03:34:23,200 --> 03:34:27,200
represented Unable to read, I 
trusted partial translations 

4019
03:34:27,200 --> 03:34:29,900
provided by clerics whose 
deception served their 

4020
03:34:29,908 --> 03:34:33,100
predetermined purpose. 
I signed with a simple cross 

4021
03:34:33,100 --> 03:34:35,900
mark unaware that I was giving 
my enemies exactly what they 

4022
03:34:35,900 --> 03:34:38,200
needed. 
An appeared mission that 

4023
03:34:38,200 --> 03:34:40,000
everything I had claimed about 
Divine. 

4024
03:34:40,000 --> 03:34:44,000
Guidance was false. this 
temporary weakness, a product of

4025
03:34:44,000 --> 03:34:47,500
extreme duress rather than a 
genuine change of heart provided

4026
03:34:47,500 --> 03:34:51,200
legal justification For What 
followed Return to prison rather

4027
03:34:51,200 --> 03:34:53,400
than transferred to 
ecclesiastical custody as 

4028
03:34:53,400 --> 03:34:55,700
promised. 
I found myself still surrounded 

4029
03:34:55,700 --> 03:34:58,100
by hostile guards. 
Still denied female 

4030
03:34:58,100 --> 03:35:00,000
companionship. 
That would have made feminine 

4031
03:35:00,000 --> 03:35:01,500
clothing, practically 
sustainable. 

4032
03:35:02,600 --> 03:35:05,600
When my clothes were taken while
I stepped and only male attire 

4033
03:35:05,600 --> 03:35:08,100
was left available. 
I faced an impossible Choice 

4034
03:35:08,100 --> 03:35:11,400
remain naked among male guards 
or Dawn. 

4035
03:35:11,400 --> 03:35:14,900
Forbidden garments the voices 
spoke with unusual Clarity that 

4036
03:35:14,900 --> 03:35:17,600
morning. 
Better modest impropriety than 

4037
03:35:17,608 --> 03:35:21,400
in modest vulnerability. 
I dressed in Male clothing. 

4038
03:35:21,400 --> 03:35:24,700
Knowing this relapse provided 
the final justification enemies 

4039
03:35:24,700 --> 03:35:27,200
sort. 
When judges returned to document

4040
03:35:27,200 --> 03:35:30,500
this transgression, I formally 
recanted my previous app 

4041
03:35:30,500 --> 03:35:33,000
duration. 
Stating clearly, that voices 

4042
03:35:33,000 --> 03:35:36,700
were indeed Divine, that the 
mission had been Heaven Sent and

4043
03:35:36,700 --> 03:35:38,500
that temporary weakness had 
betrayed truth. 

4044
03:35:39,500 --> 03:35:43,700
I would rather do Penance once 
with death and bear imprisonment

4045
03:35:43,700 --> 03:35:47,700
suffering continuously. 
I told them with renewed Clarity

4046
03:35:47,700 --> 03:35:52,100
despite knowing the consequence 
On May the 30th 1431. 

4047
03:35:52,100 --> 03:35:56,100
The final sentence was announced
declared a relapsed heretic. 

4048
03:35:56,100 --> 03:35:59,800
I would face public execution, 
by burning the most painful 

4049
03:35:59,800 --> 03:36:03,300
death authorities could legally.
Impose, deliberately chosen to 

4050
03:36:03,300 --> 03:36:06,500
create maximum suffering, they 
hoped would produce a final 

4051
03:36:06,500 --> 03:36:10,300
public confession that morning, 
I made a final confession to a 

4052
03:36:10,300 --> 03:36:12,700
sympathetic priest and received 
communion, despite being 

4053
03:36:12,700 --> 03:36:16,700
formally excommunicated, a small
Act of compassionate Defiance by

4054
03:36:16,700 --> 03:36:20,500
a cleric who recognized in 
Justice unfolding Wearing the 

4055
03:36:20,500 --> 03:36:23,300
traditional long, white garment,
for heresy executions. 

4056
03:36:23,300 --> 03:36:26,600
The cart transported me through 
Rouen streets toward the old 

4057
03:36:26,600 --> 03:36:30,200
marketplace, where executioner 
waited, The crowds mood 

4058
03:36:30,200 --> 03:36:33,900
surprised me. 
Not triumphant, but somber, many

4059
03:36:33,900 --> 03:36:36,700
openly weeping. 
These were not my French 

4060
03:36:36,700 --> 03:36:40,500
compatriots but Norman subjects,
under English rule, yet 

4061
03:36:40,500 --> 03:36:43,700
something about my situation, 
transcended, political loyalty. 

4062
03:36:44,300 --> 03:36:46,600
later accounts would claim 
English authorities, grew 

4063
03:36:46,600 --> 03:36:49,900
concerned that sympathy might 
transform into riots and that 

4064
03:36:49,900 --> 03:36:52,800
martyrdom was being created 
despite their careful, legal 

4065
03:36:52,800 --> 03:36:56,500
maneuvering, At the execution. 
Ground officials at me a final 

4066
03:36:56,500 --> 03:36:59,100
opportunity to recount before. 
Tying me to a tall. 

4067
03:36:59,100 --> 03:37:01,400
Stake erected atop a substantial
paire. 

4068
03:37:01,400 --> 03:37:04,600
The method was deliberate. 
Slow death by Suffocation and 

4069
03:37:04,600 --> 03:37:07,100
burning rather than quicker, 
execution, methods of available.

4070
03:37:08,100 --> 03:37:10,500
Jesus. 
I called repeatedly as flames 

4071
03:37:10,500 --> 03:37:13,900
were lit, no longer concerned 
with appearing strong before 

4072
03:37:13,900 --> 03:37:16,200
enemies. 
Simply seeking comfort in the 

4073
03:37:16,208 --> 03:37:18,300
name that had guided my journey 
from its beginnings. 

4074
03:37:19,400 --> 03:37:22,500
The voices spoke one final time 
as smoke began Rising. 

4075
03:37:23,300 --> 03:37:26,700
Your suffering ends today your 
Vindication begins. 

4076
03:37:28,300 --> 03:37:31,500
The physical Agony that followed
transcends description, 

4077
03:37:31,500 --> 03:37:34,800
historical accounts, claim my 
heart remained intact among 

4078
03:37:34,800 --> 03:37:37,300
ashes. 
Afterward a symbolic detail, 

4079
03:37:37,300 --> 03:37:40,000
probably invented by later 
Chronicles seeking miraculous 

4080
03:37:40,000 --> 03:37:43,900
elements for potential canonized
in nization, What mattered 

4081
03:37:43,900 --> 03:37:47,000
wasn't physical preservation, 
but the truth maintained until 

4082
03:37:47,000 --> 03:37:50,900
the end that simple Faith could 
withstand elaborate machinations

4083
03:37:50,900 --> 03:37:54,100
of power and that Divine 
Purpose, work through unlikely 

4084
03:37:54,100 --> 03:37:58,300
instruments, 25 years later, 
Charles the seventh firmly 

4085
03:37:58,300 --> 03:38:01,600
established as France's 
legitimate, king would order an 

4086
03:38:01,600 --> 03:38:04,000
investigation that formerly. 
Nullified my conviction 

4087
03:38:04,000 --> 03:38:09,500
declaring the trial Prejudice 
and illegitimate in 1456 a 

4088
03:38:09,500 --> 03:38:11,900
rehabilitation trial formerly 
cleared, my name of heresy 

4089
03:38:11,900 --> 03:38:15,600
charges Yet, full Vindication 
waited, nearly five, centuries 

4090
03:38:15,600 --> 03:38:20,300
until May 6th 1920 when the 
Catholic Church, declared me, a 

4091
03:38:20,300 --> 03:38:23,600
Saint official recognition that 
voices, condemned, as demonic 

4092
03:38:23,600 --> 03:38:27,700
had indeed, been Divine history,
remembers outcome's Orleans 

4093
03:38:27,700 --> 03:38:31,500
relieved, Charles, crowned 
France of eventually liberated 

4094
03:38:31,500 --> 03:38:35,200
from the English occupation, 
these visible victories obscure,

4095
03:38:35,200 --> 03:38:38,700
the internal Journey that began 
with a garden Whisperer and 

4096
03:38:38,700 --> 03:38:42,400
ended in Marketplace, Flames. 
The voice is never promised, 

4097
03:38:42,400 --> 03:38:45,700
Earthly, reward or personal 
Glory, they offered only purpose

4098
03:38:45,700 --> 03:38:48,600
Direction and the chance to 
serve as an instrument for 

4099
03:38:48,600 --> 03:38:52,800
something larger than myself. 
He called me made of all dubbed,

4100
03:38:52,800 --> 03:38:55,700
me a miracle. 
Worker labeled me a witch and a 

4101
03:38:55,700 --> 03:38:58,300
heretic and eventually 
recognized me as a saint. 

4102
03:38:59,000 --> 03:39:01,700
Yet, through all the 
Transformations, I remained 

4103
03:39:01,700 --> 03:39:05,000
Johannes from donor. 
Me a simple girl, who answered 

4104
03:39:05,000 --> 03:39:08,800
when voices called who held a 
truth heard within more firmly 

4105
03:39:08,800 --> 03:39:12,500
than to comfort offered without 
That represents the most 

4106
03:39:12,500 --> 03:39:15,800
enduring Legacy. 
That extraordinary purpose May 

4107
03:39:15,800 --> 03:39:19,200
inhabit ordinary lives. 
That Divine participation in 

4108
03:39:19,200 --> 03:39:22,700
human history, rarely follows 
expected channels but instead 

4109
03:39:22,700 --> 03:39:26,300
Works through unlikely vessels 
willing to say simply here, am I

4110
03:39:26,300 --> 03:39:44,300
send me? 
Paul Revere's name, of Oaks 

4111
03:39:44,300 --> 03:39:47,900
images of a midnight ride, 
urgent calls for malicious and 

4112
03:39:47,900 --> 03:39:51,600
the onset of the American 
Revolution, Yet few realized the

4113
03:39:51,600 --> 03:39:54,908
full scope of The Man Behind 
that iconic alarm, he was a 

4114
03:39:54,916 --> 03:39:59,400
silver myth engraver, the early 
industrialists, and a shrewd, 

4115
03:39:59,400 --> 03:40:03,000
networker who navigated Boston 
circle of Artisans, merchants, 

4116
03:40:03,000 --> 03:40:07,700
and political agitators. 
Born on January the 1st, 1735 

4117
03:40:07,700 --> 03:40:12,200
old style to Apollo's rivoire, a
French huguenots, immigrant and 

4118
03:40:12,200 --> 03:40:16,700
Deborah horn, a Boston native. 
Revere was destined to bridge 

4119
03:40:16,700 --> 03:40:19,900
cultures and communities at a 
time when colonial society 

4120
03:40:19,900 --> 03:40:24,200
seethed with discontent under 
British rule Apollos revoir, who

4121
03:40:24,200 --> 03:40:27,400
soon anglicized his name to Paul
Revere taught his son, the art 

4122
03:40:27,400 --> 03:40:29,800
of silver work. 
This trade anchored. 

4123
03:40:29,800 --> 03:40:33,200
The younger, Paul's fortunes he 
grew up in Boston's North End. 

4124
03:40:33,200 --> 03:40:37,000
Surrounded by Wolves taverns and
religious meeting houses 

4125
03:40:37,000 --> 03:40:40,700
absorbing The rhythms of a busy 
Port City while modern 

4126
03:40:40,700 --> 03:40:42,400
retellings. 
Jumped straight to his 

4127
03:40:42,400 --> 03:40:45,700
patriotic, escapades. 
His formative years shaped his 

4128
03:40:45,700 --> 03:40:50,200
Destiny and more subtle Ways by 
age, 15 the death of his father,

4129
03:40:50,200 --> 03:40:52,200
thrust him into the role of 
family provider. 

4130
03:40:53,100 --> 03:40:56,200
The teenager Apprentice had to 
complete his training managed, 

4131
03:40:56,200 --> 03:40:59,400
the family's Affairs and Forge 
connections, with established 

4132
03:40:59,400 --> 03:41:02,500
silversmiths and Merchants 
during the 1750s. 

4133
03:41:03,700 --> 03:41:06,400
Reverse served briefly in the 
provincial Army, in the French 

4134
03:41:06,400 --> 03:41:10,000
and Indian War. 
An experience that gave him a 

4135
03:41:10,000 --> 03:41:13,000
glimpse of Britain's broader. 
Colonial entanglements Upon 

4136
03:41:13,000 --> 03:41:15,400
returning to Boston. 
He embraced the trade of 

4137
03:41:15,400 --> 03:41:18,300
silversmithing, wholeheartedly 
creating not just decorative 

4138
03:41:18,300 --> 03:41:21,000
pieces, but also practical 
items, like buckles and 

4139
03:41:21,000 --> 03:41:24,000
utensils. 
Prided himself on detail 

4140
03:41:24,000 --> 03:41:26,300
marketing, his ways to a 
clientele that. 

4141
03:41:26,308 --> 03:41:29,300
Spanned, from Modest Craftsmen 
to the colonies, Rising middle 

4142
03:41:29,300 --> 03:41:32,500
class, invoices preserved from 
this period revealed that 

4143
03:41:32,508 --> 03:41:36,800
Revere, offered credit Advanced 
new designs and constantly 

4144
03:41:36,800 --> 03:41:40,400
hustled for commissions that 
brand of entrepreneurial Spirit 

4145
03:41:40,400 --> 03:41:43,000
would later fuel his ability to 
mobilize networks for 

4146
03:41:43,000 --> 03:41:47,400
revolutionary purposes. 
By the early 1760s tensions 

4147
03:41:47,400 --> 03:41:50,400
simmered throughout 
Massachusetts, the Sugar Act, 

4148
03:41:50,400 --> 03:41:52,600
the Stamp Act and subsequent 
taxes. 

4149
03:41:52,600 --> 03:41:54,600
Outraged merchants and 
tradespeople alike. 

4150
03:41:54,600 --> 03:41:58,100
Revere found himself among a 
group of Boston artists who 

4151
03:41:58,100 --> 03:42:00,200
gathered at local, taverns, to 
vent frustration. 

4152
03:42:01,300 --> 03:42:04,200
These enclaves brewed that early
as forms of organized protests. 

4153
03:42:05,100 --> 03:42:07,200
Reverse soon. 
Discovered he possessed a knack 

4154
03:42:07,200 --> 03:42:09,500
for articulating grievances 
through his engraving. 

4155
03:42:09,500 --> 03:42:12,600
It was not only an art form but 
also a political tool. 

4156
03:42:13,400 --> 03:42:16,400
Effectively circulating ideas 
and stoking public sentiment 

4157
03:42:16,400 --> 03:42:19,900
against perceived British 
overreach, his iconic engraving 

4158
03:42:19,900 --> 03:42:23,600
of the, Boston Massacre, all be 
it dramatized helped, radicalize

4159
03:42:23,600 --> 03:42:27,600
many colonists. 
Apart from engraving Revere, 

4160
03:42:27,600 --> 03:42:29,900
proved of versatile and forging 
social bonds. 

4161
03:42:29,900 --> 03:42:32,700
He was active in the Masonic 
Lodge of Saint Andrew, where he 

4162
03:42:32,700 --> 03:42:35,100
crossed paths with influential 
figures, like Joseph Warren. 

4163
03:42:36,000 --> 03:42:40,000
He joined local fire clubs and 
Central Community fixture at a 

4164
03:42:40,000 --> 03:42:42,400
time when and wooden buildings, 
pose constant, fire hazards. 

4165
03:42:42,400 --> 03:42:45,400
The same network that helped, 
keep Boston safe from Flames. 

4166
03:42:45,400 --> 03:42:47,800
Also functioned as a 
communication Hub. 

4167
03:42:47,800 --> 03:42:51,600
When secrecy was Paramount 
reverse involvement in such 

4168
03:42:51,600 --> 03:42:54,600
clubs, honed his skills and 
organizing committees and 

4169
03:42:54,600 --> 03:42:58,200
planning contingencies. 
Revere witnessed the growing 

4170
03:42:58,200 --> 03:43:00,500
tension between the British 
authorities and Colonial 

4171
03:43:00,500 --> 03:43:02,300
protesters. 
As the decade progressed. 

4172
03:43:02,300 --> 03:43:06,100
He witnessed the formation of 
the Sons of Liberty, Loosely 

4173
03:43:06,100 --> 03:43:09,000
Nick group bent on resisting 
British policy through boycotts 

4174
03:43:09,000 --> 03:43:12,700
demonstrations and occasionally 
more aggressive tactics, while 

4175
03:43:12,700 --> 03:43:15,200
Samuel Adams and John Hancock 
corner of the spotlight. 

4176
03:43:15,200 --> 03:43:19,900
Revere operated just beneath it 
linking Tradesmen, printers and 

4177
03:43:19,900 --> 03:43:23,900
Mariners to The Corrs carried 
messages, across town utilized, 

4178
03:43:23,900 --> 03:43:27,000
his Network to fundraise for 
boycotts and orchestrated 

4179
03:43:27,000 --> 03:43:30,000
covert. 
Gatherings in summary, the man 

4180
03:43:30,008 --> 03:43:32,500
played a significant role in the
turbulent of events that 

4181
03:43:32,500 --> 03:43:36,100
preceded the revolution. 
His silver shot bustled by day 

4182
03:43:36,100 --> 03:43:39,300
forging items for well to do 
Patron's while by night. 

4183
03:43:39,300 --> 03:43:41,700
He frequently huddled with 
Patriots in back rooms. 

4184
03:43:41,700 --> 03:43:45,900
This duel existence, both an 
honest Craftsman in broad 

4185
03:43:45,900 --> 03:43:49,100
daylight in a clandestine 
activists in the Twilight gave. 

4186
03:43:49,100 --> 03:43:51,000
Revere an uncommon advantage 
point. 

4187
03:43:51,900 --> 03:43:54,700
He understood the Grievances of 
merchants taxed by Parliament 

4188
03:43:54,700 --> 03:43:57,600
and the resentments of sailors 
harassed by British Naval 

4189
03:43:57,600 --> 03:44:00,300
patrols. 
He also grasped the precarious, 

4190
03:44:00,300 --> 03:44:02,700
existence of apprentices who 
found themselves. 

4191
03:44:02,700 --> 03:44:08,000
Jobless whenever tensions flared
In the early 1770s Revere faced 

4192
03:44:08,000 --> 03:44:11,300
a crucial decision, he could 
either maintain his status as a 

4193
03:44:11,300 --> 03:44:14,200
respected Craftsman and avoid 
radical elements or he could 

4194
03:44:14,208 --> 03:44:16,600
fully dedicate himself to the 
resistance that was forming 

4195
03:44:16,600 --> 03:44:19,200
around him. 
That choice would Define his 

4196
03:44:19,200 --> 03:44:22,400
role in the uncertain months 
ahead, as Britain tightened, its

4197
03:44:22,400 --> 03:44:25,900
grip, and Boston, braced for 
confrontation, his decision to 

4198
03:44:25,900 --> 03:44:28,000
lean into activism. 
Would soon thrust him into 

4199
03:44:28,000 --> 03:44:29,600
history. 
His pages though. 

4200
03:44:29,600 --> 03:44:31,800
He never guessed that. 
A single midnight ride would 

4201
03:44:31,800 --> 03:44:34,200
overshadow Decades of other 
contributions. 

4202
03:44:35,300 --> 03:44:38,000
As Britain stepped up in 
forcement of colonial policies, 

4203
03:44:38,000 --> 03:44:40,300
Revere and his compatriots 
adapted. 

4204
03:44:41,000 --> 03:44:44,900
No single figure commanded the 
burgeoning movement instead it 

4205
03:44:44,900 --> 03:44:48,300
operated through committees 
correspondences and Loosely 

4206
03:44:48,300 --> 03:44:52,400
Affiliated networks of Tradesmen
small merchants and outspoken 

4207
03:44:52,400 --> 03:44:55,400
Patriots. 
Revere, proved instrumental, in 

4208
03:44:55,400 --> 03:44:58,200
bridging these circles. 
He was neither the wealthiest 

4209
03:44:58,200 --> 03:45:01,800
Merchants, nor the most fiery 
orator, but his profound 

4210
03:45:01,800 --> 03:45:04,700
knowledge of Boston's geography,
and his wide array of personal 

4211
03:45:04,700 --> 03:45:06,600
relationships made him in 
dispensable. 

4212
03:45:07,400 --> 03:45:09,500
He played a key role in the 
intelligence game, that 

4213
03:45:09,500 --> 03:45:13,100
developed as tensions, Rose the 
British, suspecting the colonies

4214
03:45:13,100 --> 03:45:16,900
of seditious intent, planted 
informants and seized letters. 

4215
03:45:16,900 --> 03:45:19,900
Meanwhile Patriot leaders, 
formed Committees of 

4216
03:45:19,900 --> 03:45:22,900
Correspondence in every town, 
forging a parallel Information 

4217
03:45:22,900 --> 03:45:24,800
Network that bypassed Royal 
officials. 

4218
03:45:24,800 --> 03:45:28,800
Revere often served as a courier
riding to distant towns. 

4219
03:45:28,800 --> 03:45:32,300
Worcester Salem, even Portsmouth
to update them on the latest 

4220
03:45:32,300 --> 03:45:34,400
developments. 
These Journeys were not 

4221
03:45:34,400 --> 03:45:37,700
glamorous winter roads, were 
treacherous lodgings minimal. 

4222
03:45:38,200 --> 03:45:41,500
But Revere Skillet traveling in 
cognito changing routes, 

4223
03:45:41,500 --> 03:45:44,700
unpredictably and winning. 
Trust at local, taverns, kept 

4224
03:45:44,700 --> 03:45:48,200
the chain of communication 
robust Beyond his Courier work. 

4225
03:45:48,200 --> 03:45:50,900
Continued engraving political 
cartoons. 

4226
03:45:50,900 --> 03:45:55,100
His depiction of the Boston Tea 
Party, for instance, circulated 

4227
03:45:55,100 --> 03:45:58,900
widely, capturing the moment 
when Patriot's dumped British 

4228
03:45:58,900 --> 03:46:02,600
tea into the harbor, The 
incident itself was more chaotic

4229
03:46:02,600 --> 03:46:04,000
than reverse engraving 
suggested. 

4230
03:46:04,000 --> 03:46:07,900
He presented it. 
Home today has a unified 

4231
03:46:07,900 --> 03:46:10,400
discipline act. 
An image that bolstered the 

4232
03:46:10,400 --> 03:46:12,200
Patriot's clay of moral High 
Ground. 

4233
03:46:12,200 --> 03:46:15,800
He also contributed subtly 
altered, Prince of the governor 

4234
03:46:15,800 --> 03:46:18,600
or British officers turning them
into caricatures for 

4235
03:46:18,600 --> 03:46:22,800
distribution among sympathizers.
These images up in Prince shops 

4236
03:46:22,800 --> 03:46:26,200
or posted in meeting Halls, 
served a rallying symbols. 

4237
03:46:27,400 --> 03:46:30,300
One lesser known chapter in 
Revere's life involved. 

4238
03:46:30,300 --> 03:46:35,400
The Suffolk resolves, drafted in
1774 by Boston leaders, these 

4239
03:46:35,400 --> 03:46:37,900
resolutions rejected the 
coercive acts and called for 

4240
03:46:37,900 --> 03:46:40,900
civil disobedience. 
Revere was entrusted with 

4241
03:46:40,908 --> 03:46:43,300
delivering a copy to the First 
Continental Congress. 

4242
03:46:43,300 --> 03:46:46,900
In Philadelphia, the journey 
South exposed him to a broader 

4243
03:46:46,900 --> 03:46:49,500
Colonial landscape forging 
connections with their lovely, 

4244
03:46:49,500 --> 03:46:52,600
Lewis from other colonies. 
He returned more convinced than 

4245
03:46:52,600 --> 03:46:55,200
ever that Massachusetts was not 
alone in protesting. 

4246
03:46:55,200 --> 03:46:59,000
Meanwhile, his reliability as a 
messenger sword in the eyes of 

4247
03:46:59,000 --> 03:47:01,400
figures. 
Like John Adams, yet Revere was 

4248
03:47:01,400 --> 03:47:03,100
not purely a political 
operative. 

4249
03:47:03,100 --> 03:47:07,000
He had a family. 
His first wife, Sarah orne and 

4250
03:47:07,000 --> 03:47:10,200
borne him several children 
before passing away in 1773. 

4251
03:47:10,200 --> 03:47:13,900
And he later, married, Rachel 
Walker, who all became part of 

4252
03:47:13,908 --> 03:47:17,400
the extended, Revere Clan 
balancing domestic life with 

4253
03:47:17,400 --> 03:47:20,200
clandestine Patriot activity, 
proved stressful. 

4254
03:47:21,000 --> 03:47:22,900
Friends, recalled. 
That reverse shots. 

4255
03:47:22,900 --> 03:47:26,400
Sometimes functioned as an 
unofficial meeting site, Though 

4256
03:47:26,400 --> 03:47:29,300
it remained primarily a 
commercial Venture, you might 

4257
03:47:29,308 --> 03:47:32,600
sit at his work. 
Bench, forging spools, or 

4258
03:47:32,600 --> 03:47:36,500
teapots while Patriots gathered 
in a small side room to whisper 

4259
03:47:36,500 --> 03:47:41,300
about British troop movements. 
By 1775 British authorities 

4260
03:47:41,300 --> 03:47:44,600
began to suspect that Boston's 
Artisans played a larger role in

4261
03:47:44,600 --> 03:47:48,000
the unrest than previously 
assumed regular army officers 

4262
03:47:48,000 --> 03:47:50,300
roamed. 
The city searching for hidden 

4263
03:47:50,300 --> 03:47:54,300
arms, Depots rumors swirled of 
British plans, to arrest key, 

4264
03:47:54,300 --> 03:47:57,600
Rebel leaders, particularly John
Hancock and Samuel Adams who had

4265
03:47:57,608 --> 03:47:59,800
left Boston for the relative 
safety in Lexington. 

4266
03:47:59,800 --> 03:48:03,200
And Concord, meanwhile, 
Massachusetts Patriots, had 

4267
03:48:03,200 --> 03:48:06,900
stored, gunpowder in Concord, a 
small town, west of Boston and 

4268
03:48:06,900 --> 03:48:10,700
anticipating a confrontation. 
As both sides prepared for the 

4269
03:48:10,700 --> 03:48:13,500
potential next move, tensions 
escalated. 

4270
03:48:14,400 --> 03:48:17,600
During this turbulent period, 
the Patriot leadership developed

4271
03:48:17,600 --> 03:48:20,300
a signal system, should the 
British launcher, Southern 

4272
03:48:20,300 --> 03:48:23,500
strike watches at the old. 
North Church would hang lanterns

4273
03:48:23,500 --> 03:48:26,800
to indicate whether the troops 
moved by land or by boat across 

4274
03:48:26,800 --> 03:48:29,600
the Charles River. 
Revere was part of the group 

4275
03:48:29,600 --> 03:48:33,500
that set this plan in motion, 
but to reduce risk, it was a 

4276
03:48:33,500 --> 03:48:36,600
friend Robert Newman, who would 
hang the lanterns. 

4277
03:48:36,600 --> 03:48:39,900
Revere himself, would undertake 
the Hazardous ride to warn 

4278
03:48:39,900 --> 03:48:42,800
Hancock and Adams and Rouse the 
militias along the Route. 

4279
03:48:44,400 --> 03:48:48,000
In the days leading to that 
famous night, reverse sled. 

4280
03:48:49,600 --> 03:48:51,500
He conferred with Dr. Joseph 
Warren. 

4281
03:48:52,100 --> 03:48:54,700
Who was privy to Fresh 
intelligence, suggesting British

4282
03:48:54,700 --> 03:48:57,100
movements were imminent. 
The plan was bold. 

4283
03:48:57,100 --> 03:49:00,100
The stakes enormous. 
If the British discovered it, 

4284
03:49:00,100 --> 03:49:02,400
Revere faced, imprisonment or 
worse. 

4285
03:49:03,200 --> 03:49:06,300
But he recognized that a swift 
warning might unify thousands of

4286
03:49:06,300 --> 03:49:08,000
militiamen before the Royal 
troops. 

4287
03:49:08,000 --> 03:49:09,700
Could seize arms or arrest 
leaders. 

4288
03:49:09,700 --> 03:49:12,800
No, single Courier. 
Could accomplish the entire job 

4289
03:49:12,800 --> 03:49:15,200
alone. 
Others, like William doors. 

4290
03:49:15,200 --> 03:49:19,500
Shared the load still Revere's 
role would become legendary 

4291
03:49:19,500 --> 03:49:23,000
overshadowing. 
The fact that a network, not one

4292
03:49:23,000 --> 03:49:29,600
man fuel that night alert. 
Hence as April 1775 stood on a 

4293
03:49:29,600 --> 03:49:33,400
precipice all the clandestine 
work, the rides to scattered 

4294
03:49:33,400 --> 03:49:35,200
towns of the coded signals of 
church. 

4295
03:49:35,200 --> 03:49:39,200
Steeples led to this junker. 
The next house would test his 

4296
03:49:39,200 --> 03:49:42,700
resourcefulness bravely and 
knack for quiet coordination 

4297
03:49:42,700 --> 03:49:46,500
traits honed over years. 
Now, culminating in a midnight 

4298
03:49:46,500 --> 03:49:49,900
Dash that would echo through 
American law on the evening of 

4299
03:49:49,900 --> 03:49:54,100
April 18th, 1775 Paul, Revere 
prepared to leave. 

4300
03:49:54,100 --> 03:49:57,300
Boston British officers had 
become conspicuous near the 

4301
03:49:57,308 --> 03:50:00,100
docks though. 
Many bastions, loyalists 

4302
03:50:00,100 --> 03:50:02,900
included, believe the troops 
would attempt to show. 

4303
03:50:03,100 --> 03:50:07,400
Force the next day, Revere. 
However, suspected otherwise. 

4304
03:50:08,200 --> 03:50:11,200
Navigated through dark streets 
to the Charles River's Edge 

4305
03:50:11,200 --> 03:50:14,700
where a small boat awaited two 
friends, wrote him quietly 

4306
03:50:14,700 --> 03:50:17,500
across muffling, all locks with 
cloth to avoid drawing the 

4307
03:50:17,500 --> 03:50:19,700
attention of the British warship
anchored to nearby. 

4308
03:50:20,700 --> 03:50:23,500
Revere reached the Charlestown 
side and found a borrowed horse 

4309
03:50:23,500 --> 03:50:26,700
waiting. 
Simultaneously Robert Newman 

4310
03:50:26,700 --> 03:50:29,300
stood at the old. 
North Church Tower prepared to 

4311
03:50:29,300 --> 03:50:30,900
hoist. 
Two lanterns in the event of 

4312
03:50:30,908 --> 03:50:32,500
British troops, launching from 
the water. 

4313
03:50:33,300 --> 03:50:36,000
Those signals would inform 
watches in Charles Town, who 

4314
03:50:36,000 --> 03:50:38,200
would then sprayed the Alarm by 
alternative routes. 

4315
03:50:39,000 --> 03:50:42,100
Revere's task was to ride 
directly to Lexington railing. 

4316
03:50:42,100 --> 03:50:45,800
The countryside as he went 
Another ride, William Dawes 

4317
03:50:45,800 --> 03:50:48,100
would take a separate path in 
Turing. 

4318
03:50:48,100 --> 03:50:50,600
That if one was stopped the 
other might succeed. 

4319
03:50:51,700 --> 03:50:55,400
Mounting his horse, Revere began
the journey that first the roads

4320
03:50:55,400 --> 03:50:58,600
lay eerily quiet, it only By 
Moonlight or the occasional 

4321
03:50:58,600 --> 03:51:01,500
Lantern in a window. 
He knocked on Farmhouse doors, 

4322
03:51:01,500 --> 03:51:04,900
calling to sleeping Patriots. 
The regulars are on the move or 

4323
03:51:04,900 --> 03:51:07,400
words to that effect, he never 
actually shouted. 

4324
03:51:07,400 --> 03:51:10,900
The British are coming since 
many colonists, still considered

4325
03:51:10,900 --> 03:51:14,800
themselves British instead, he 
typically used phrases like the 

4326
03:51:14,800 --> 03:51:18,900
regulars are out to alert local,
militias families, woke groggy 

4327
03:51:18,900 --> 03:51:22,600
but recognized Revere by name or
from prior visits, swiftly, they

4328
03:51:22,600 --> 03:51:25,600
dressed collected. 
Muskets began passing word to 

4329
03:51:25,600 --> 03:51:27,800
neighbors. 
Further, Inland the ride was not

4330
03:51:27,800 --> 03:51:31,200
free of peril at one point. 
Revere spotted, two, British 

4331
03:51:31,200 --> 03:51:34,700
offers on Horseback fearing 
capture, he evaded them by 

4332
03:51:34,700 --> 03:51:38,100
dashing off on the side path 
relying on his memory of the 

4333
03:51:38,100 --> 03:51:40,600
terrain. 
The nearing counter heightened, 

4334
03:51:40,600 --> 03:51:42,800
his urgency, every minute 
counted. 

4335
03:51:42,800 --> 03:51:45,900
If the British marched swiftly, 
they could seize the arms and 

4336
03:51:45,900 --> 03:51:49,300
conquered or intercept Hancock 
and Adams before local militias 

4337
03:51:49,300 --> 03:51:54,200
mustard, Arriving in Lexington 
around midnight, Revere found 

4338
03:51:54,200 --> 03:51:57,900
Hancock and Adams lodging at the
home of Reverend Jonas Clark. 

4339
03:51:58,800 --> 03:52:01,800
He delivered his News, British 
forces would soon move to 

4340
03:52:01,800 --> 03:52:04,800
confiscate Colonial weapons and 
possibly arrest Patriot leaders,

4341
03:52:04,800 --> 03:52:08,300
the two men hesitated and 
certain whether the threat was 

4342
03:52:08,300 --> 03:52:11,000
immediate, meanwhile locals 
debated. 

4343
03:52:11,000 --> 03:52:13,700
The best course having done his 
duty of warning them. 

4344
03:52:13,700 --> 03:52:17,100
Revere prepared to continue on 
to Concord to spread the alarm 

4345
03:52:17,100 --> 03:52:20,500
further by coincidence. 
Doors arrived in Lexington. 

4346
03:52:20,500 --> 03:52:24,400
Shortly after Revere having 
navigated a separate route, they

4347
03:52:24,400 --> 03:52:28,200
connected with another Rider to 
Samuel Prescott who agreed to 

4348
03:52:28,200 --> 03:52:30,600
guide them to Concord being 
intimately familiar with the 

4349
03:52:30,600 --> 03:52:33,500
area the trio set off, 
determined to alert. 

4350
03:52:33,500 --> 03:52:37,200
The entire region not far along 
a British Patrol in weight. 

4351
03:52:37,200 --> 03:52:40,900
The Red Coats tried to block 
them on an arrow Road doors. 

4352
03:52:40,900 --> 03:52:43,700
Managed to slip away though. 
He lost his horse soon after 

4353
03:52:43,700 --> 03:52:47,900
Prescott and agile Rider volted 
offense into the woods and 

4354
03:52:47,900 --> 03:52:51,000
escaped captivity successfully, 
reaching Concord. 

4355
03:52:51,600 --> 03:52:55,800
Revere however was detained. 
The officers interrogated, 

4356
03:52:55,800 --> 03:52:58,400
Revere suspects and he carried 
vital intelligence. 

4357
03:52:58,400 --> 03:53:01,800
He admitted British troops were 
heading to Concord but did not 

4358
03:53:01,800 --> 03:53:03,500
conceal that the malicious had 
been forewarned. 

4359
03:53:04,400 --> 03:53:07,100
Stunned by his Candor, the 
officers tried to hustle him 

4360
03:53:07,100 --> 03:53:09,400
along to figure out the scope of
the Patriot plan. 

4361
03:53:09,400 --> 03:53:13,100
They soon, heard gunfire in the 
distant, the sound of militiamen

4362
03:53:13,100 --> 03:53:16,400
already mobilizing alarm, that 
their mission was compromised. 

4363
03:53:16,400 --> 03:53:18,200
The officers. 
Let Revere go. 

4364
03:53:18,200 --> 03:53:21,800
He found his way back to 
Lexington on foot arriving. 

4365
03:53:21,800 --> 03:53:24,100
Just in time to witness the 
earliest skirmishes on 

4366
03:53:24,108 --> 03:53:28,300
Lexington, Green at dawn, thus, 
ended Revere's ride and thus 

4367
03:53:28,300 --> 03:53:30,900
began open conflict in the war. 
That would shape a nation. 

4368
03:53:31,800 --> 03:53:34,800
The malicious converged as 
intended though, the British 

4369
03:53:34,800 --> 03:53:36,800
pressed onto Concord, then 
counted. 

4370
03:53:36,800 --> 03:53:38,500
A growing throng of armed 
colonists. 

4371
03:53:39,100 --> 03:53:41,600
The day ended in a chaotic 
Retreat for the Red Coats. 

4372
03:53:41,600 --> 03:53:45,100
An event that echoed on 
Massachusetts news of this 

4373
03:53:45,100 --> 03:53:47,700
standoff would spark the 
colonies transformation from 

4374
03:53:47,700 --> 03:53:50,200
scattered protests into a 
full-blown Revolution. 

4375
03:53:50,200 --> 03:53:53,500
Paul Revere's role on that. 
Pivotal Knight was merely one 

4376
03:53:53,500 --> 03:53:57,400
component of a larger chain, 
others doors, Prescott local, 

4377
03:53:57,400 --> 03:54:00,200
Watchers played equally critical
roles yet. 

4378
03:54:00,200 --> 03:54:03,400
Over time, popular mythology. 
Spotlighted Revere as the Lone 

4379
03:54:03,400 --> 03:54:07,100
Hero Galloping through the 
countryside decades, later 

4380
03:54:07,100 --> 03:54:10,300
Henry, Wadsworth longfellow's 
poem, which condensed the story 

4381
03:54:10,300 --> 03:54:13,700
into a stirring Call to Arms, 
greatly contributed to reverse 

4382
03:54:13,700 --> 03:54:16,800
Fame. 
In reality Revere's Ride was, 

4383
03:54:16,800 --> 03:54:20,300
but one expression of a complex 
strategy, however, it was 

4384
03:54:20,300 --> 03:54:22,700
sufficient to permanently 
inscribe him in America's 

4385
03:54:22,700 --> 03:54:25,400
Collective Consciousness. 
As the individual who raised the

4386
03:54:25,400 --> 03:54:28,100
alarm, thereby altering the 
course of history. 

4387
03:54:29,200 --> 03:54:32,800
Once the battles at Lexington 
and Concord ignited Warfare. 

4388
03:54:32,800 --> 03:54:35,600
Paul. 
Revere's story did not pause. 

4389
03:54:35,600 --> 03:54:38,900
He continued serving the 
Revolutionary cause in Myriad 

4390
03:54:38,900 --> 03:54:43,400
ways some unsung others 
overshadowed by the flash of his

4391
03:54:43,400 --> 03:54:47,500
midnight ride in the following 
months, Boston became a hotbed 

4392
03:54:47,500 --> 03:54:49,800
of tension. 
The British held the city while 

4393
03:54:49,800 --> 03:54:52,800
Colonial forces in circled. 
It revealed worked on 

4394
03:54:52,800 --> 03:54:56,300
intelligence and logistical 
tasks using his expertise in 

4395
03:54:56,300 --> 03:54:59,500
messaging and crowd coordination
to keep Patriots, informed. 

4396
03:55:00,800 --> 03:55:03,700
One key project saw him turning 
from Silver to metal of another 

4397
03:55:03,700 --> 03:55:07,200
kind. 
Massachusetts needed Cannon shot

4398
03:55:07,200 --> 03:55:11,600
another who other Munitions as a
skilled artist and Revere 

4399
03:55:11,600 --> 03:55:14,400
adapted his workshop for 
manufacturing though. 

4400
03:55:14,400 --> 03:55:17,800
Not a large scale operation. 
His Foundry, contributed metal 

4401
03:55:17,800 --> 03:55:19,300
fittings and Small Arms 
components. 

4402
03:55:19,300 --> 03:55:22,800
He tinkered with the ways to 
produce gunpowder though that 

4403
03:55:22,800 --> 03:55:24,800
challenge required specialized 
Mills. 

4404
03:55:24,800 --> 03:55:28,300
Meanwhile, Revere participated 
in local committees that govern 

4405
03:55:28,300 --> 03:55:31,500
the region in the absence of 
ritual Authority ensuring daily 

4406
03:55:31,500 --> 03:55:33,100
life. 
Continued amid chaos. 

4407
03:55:33,100 --> 03:55:38,700
Amid these labors tragedy struck
Docs to Joseph, Warren reavers 

4408
03:55:38,700 --> 03:55:43,100
friend and fellow Patriot was 
killed in June 1775 at the 

4409
03:55:43,108 --> 03:55:46,800
Battle of Bunker Hill. 
Warren's death, hit Revere hard,

4410
03:55:46,800 --> 03:55:50,200
the two had collaborated closely
in Booking the earliest 

4411
03:55:50,200 --> 03:55:53,100
resistance. 
And Warren's medical skill had 

4412
03:55:53,100 --> 03:55:56,900
saved countless lives in Prior 
skirmishes, the Heartbreak shop 

4413
03:55:56,900 --> 03:55:59,700
and reverse resolve. 
The cost of Independence was 

4414
03:55:59,700 --> 03:56:02,800
high, yet men like Warren 
believed in it, passionately. 

4415
03:56:03,600 --> 03:56:07,000
Revere channel that sorrow into 
further commitments, traveling 

4416
03:56:07,000 --> 03:56:10,100
frequently between revolutionary
committees in Cambridge and 

4417
03:56:10,100 --> 03:56:12,800
outlining towns. 
The British finally evacuated 

4418
03:56:12,800 --> 03:56:17,500
Boston in March, 1776, a turning
point that caused Jubilation 

4419
03:56:17,500 --> 03:56:20,500
among the Patriots. 
Revere moved back into the city 

4420
03:56:20,500 --> 03:56:23,400
reclaiming, his silver shop. 
But founded in disarray, after 

4421
03:56:23,400 --> 03:56:26,200
months, of occupation, repairs 
were needed before. 

4422
03:56:26,200 --> 03:56:29,500
Normal business could resume, 
however, normal business had 

4423
03:56:29,500 --> 03:56:32,700
become a distant memory by that 
point, the Warhead shifted to 

4424
03:56:32,700 --> 03:56:35,700
other colonies and reverse 
skill, set remained valuable. 

4425
03:56:36,400 --> 03:56:38,600
You volunteered for militia 
service and was appointed a 

4426
03:56:38,600 --> 03:56:41,400
lieutenant colonel of artillery.
In the Massachusetts militia 

4427
03:56:41,400 --> 03:56:44,400
this role combined, 
administrative oversight, and 

4428
03:56:44,400 --> 03:56:47,600
showing troops had supplies and 
equipment with strategic input 

4429
03:56:47,600 --> 03:56:50,200
drawing on his knowledge of 
local fortifications. 

4430
03:56:50,900 --> 03:56:54,200
In 1778. 
Revere, participated in the 

4431
03:56:54,200 --> 03:56:57,800
ill-fated Penobscot Expedition, 
an attempt by the Massachusetts 

4432
03:56:57,800 --> 03:57:00,800
militia to oust British forces 
in present-day, Maine. 

4433
03:57:01,500 --> 03:57:05,600
The Expedition ended in disaster
with the colonial Fleet scuttled

4434
03:57:05,600 --> 03:57:07,600
and troops forced to Retreat 
through the wilderness. 

4435
03:57:08,400 --> 03:57:12,000
Revere faced criticism for his 
actions there especially 

4436
03:57:12,000 --> 03:57:14,300
regarding disputes over the 
chain of command. 

4437
03:57:14,300 --> 03:57:17,700
A court, martial ensued 
questioning whether he had 

4438
03:57:17,708 --> 03:57:19,600
disobeyed orders or abandoned 
his post. 

4439
03:57:19,600 --> 03:57:23,800
Well eventually exonerated the 
incident left, a sour note in 

4440
03:57:23,800 --> 03:57:27,600
his military career, contrasting
sharply with the heroic Aura of 

4441
03:57:27,608 --> 03:57:31,000
his early ride. 
Undeterred, he continued 

4442
03:57:31,000 --> 03:57:34,300
assisting in local defenses, 
forging, new connections with 

4443
03:57:34,300 --> 03:57:37,500
revolutionary leaders in the 
final years of the war. 

4444
03:57:37,500 --> 03:57:41,100
Revere balanced militia duties 
with attempts to stabilize his 

4445
03:57:41,100 --> 03:57:44,300
personal livelihood. 
The prolonged conflict had 

4446
03:57:44,300 --> 03:57:47,200
disrupted, normal Commerce, and 
Craftsmen across the colonies 

4447
03:57:47,200 --> 03:57:50,200
struggled, reverse adaptability,
Sean wants more. 

4448
03:57:50,200 --> 03:57:53,900
He introduced new techniques 
such as rolling, copper sheets 

4449
03:57:53,900 --> 03:57:57,000
for Naval, use precursor to his 
later, achievements in 

4450
03:57:57,000 --> 03:57:58,700
metalworking. 
That would flourish post war. 

4451
03:57:59,800 --> 03:58:02,500
Throughout these years. 
Revere also engaged in the 

4452
03:58:02,500 --> 03:58:04,200
social fabric of the budding 
Republic. 

4453
03:58:05,200 --> 03:58:07,800
He joins societies discussing 
ways to structure the new 

4454
03:58:07,800 --> 03:58:10,000
nations governance. 
He was active in the movement 

4455
03:58:10,000 --> 03:58:12,600
that eventually produced the 
Massachusetts Constitution. 

4456
03:58:13,700 --> 03:58:16,500
Among his lesson known efforts 
was involvement with the local 

4457
03:58:16,500 --> 03:58:20,300
intelligence operators to verify
rumors of British Espionage or 

4458
03:58:20,300 --> 03:58:23,100
infiltration. 
He was not a central spymaster, 

4459
03:58:23,100 --> 03:58:26,000
but he knew the city intimately 
and could trace suspicious 

4460
03:58:26,000 --> 03:58:28,600
activity. 
The same street smarts that 

4461
03:58:28,600 --> 03:58:31,500
fueled his 1775 ride. 
Aided him once again. 

4462
03:58:32,400 --> 03:58:35,100
When the Treaty of Paris finally
ended the Revolutionary War in 

4463
03:58:35,100 --> 03:58:40,200
1783 Revere was approaching 50. 
He had served as Crosman. 

4464
03:58:40,200 --> 03:58:44,300
Courier militia officer and 
Community, organizer Rolls 

4465
03:58:44,300 --> 03:58:46,900
overshadowed by that single 
nights Galloping to Legend. 

4466
03:58:47,900 --> 03:58:50,900
Yet he emerged from the war with
a moderate standing, his 

4467
03:58:50,900 --> 03:58:53,000
Workshop battered but not 
ruined. 

4468
03:58:53,700 --> 03:58:57,200
Boston's economy was in flux, 
but Revere saw opportunities 

4469
03:58:57,200 --> 03:58:59,400
ahead. 
He recognized that the new 

4470
03:58:59,400 --> 03:59:03,400
United States short on domestic.
Manufacturing would need local 

4471
03:59:03,400 --> 03:59:06,000
Industries to replace Imports 
once Supply by Britain. 

4472
03:59:06,800 --> 03:59:11,000
Dust as the guns fell silent. 
Revere pivoted from the chaos of

4473
03:59:11,000 --> 03:59:14,300
War to the prospect of Peace. 
He had learned about 

4474
03:59:14,300 --> 03:59:16,500
large-scale, metal work from 
wartime demands. 

4475
03:59:16,500 --> 03:59:19,500
Now he sought to Parlay that 
knowledge into a business 

4476
03:59:19,500 --> 03:59:22,600
Advantage. 
The open new Ventures, such as a

4477
03:59:22,600 --> 03:59:25,500
hardware store, and a Foundry 
capable of casting bells and 

4478
03:59:25,500 --> 03:59:27,900
cannons. 
This transformation signaled. 

4479
03:59:27,900 --> 03:59:31,000
His next chapter, a shift from 
revolutionary operative to 

4480
03:59:31,000 --> 03:59:35,000
pioneering industrialist. 
Buy everything, he held onto the

4481
03:59:35,000 --> 03:59:37,000
memory of Bunker Hill lost 
friends. 

4482
03:59:37,000 --> 03:59:40,000
And that ride on a moonlit 
night, which shaped him into a 

4483
03:59:40,008 --> 03:59:43,700
man determined to help Forge a 
stable prosperous future for the

4484
03:59:43,700 --> 03:59:45,000
Republic. 
He helped birth. 

4485
03:59:45,800 --> 03:59:48,300
In the post-war era. 
Paul Revere harnessed, his 

4486
03:59:48,300 --> 03:59:50,800
entrepreneurial Spirit to 
elevate Boston's manufacturing 

4487
03:59:50,800 --> 03:59:54,200
capabilities, while many 
Americans clung to small-scale 

4488
03:59:54,200 --> 03:59:58,000
artisanal methods, he envisioned
something grander and Industrial

4489
03:59:58,000 --> 04:00:00,800
growth that could rival, 
Europe's established foundries, 

4490
04:00:01,600 --> 04:00:04,700
His experiences rolling copper 
for Naval uses and casting small

4491
04:00:04,700 --> 04:00:07,000
cannons. 
During the war primed him for 

4492
04:00:07,000 --> 04:00:09,900
expansion through determined 
trial and error. 

4493
04:00:09,900 --> 04:00:13,800
Revere, built a thriving copper 
Works in Enterprise, it began 

4494
04:00:13,800 --> 04:00:18,000
with smaller tasks producing 
copper bolts spikes and fittings

4495
04:00:18,000 --> 04:00:21,500
for local shipyards. 
Boston, a bustling Maritime Hub,

4496
04:00:21,500 --> 04:00:25,200
offered a ready Market? 
Overtime Revere realized the 

4497
04:00:25,200 --> 04:00:27,700
potential for roofing large 
buildings with copper sheets. 

4498
04:00:27,700 --> 04:00:31,300
A technique popular in European 
Cathedrals but rare in the young

4499
04:00:31,300 --> 04:00:33,800
United States. 
He also recognized the 

4500
04:00:33,800 --> 04:00:36,100
possibility of sheathing. 
The holes of Wooden Ships with 

4501
04:00:36,100 --> 04:00:39,400
copper to prevent wood-boring 
pests and reduce Marine growth 

4502
04:00:40,200 --> 04:00:42,300
If widely adopted copper 
sheathing. 

4503
04:00:42,300 --> 04:00:45,200
Could dramatically enhance a 
vessels speed and lifespan. 

4504
04:00:45,200 --> 04:00:49,200
Improving profitability for 
shipping companies yet Capital 

4505
04:00:49,200 --> 04:00:53,600
was scarce Rivers searched for 
partners or backers but often 

4506
04:00:53,600 --> 04:00:58,000
found skepticism most believed 
large-scale metal work too 

4507
04:00:58,000 --> 04:00:59,500
risky. 
Unfazed. 

4508
04:00:59,500 --> 04:01:03,600
Revere used his personal savings
accumulated from Decades of 

4509
04:01:03,600 --> 04:01:06,300
silver work taking on loans at 
high interest. 

4510
04:01:06,300 --> 04:01:09,800
He arranged shipments of raw 
Copper from mines and kinetica 

4511
04:01:09,800 --> 04:01:14,000
to further afield, By the late 
1780s, the operated a modest 

4512
04:01:14,000 --> 04:01:15,800
role in Mill. 
Over struggled to match the 

4513
04:01:15,800 --> 04:01:18,600
consistency of British Imports 
undeterred. 

4514
04:01:18,600 --> 04:01:21,900
He labored to refine techniques 
tinkering with furnace 

4515
04:01:21,900 --> 04:01:24,900
temperatures and rolling 
Machinery designs alongside 

4516
04:01:24,900 --> 04:01:28,400
forging a copper Empire Revere 
remained active in Civic life. 

4517
04:01:28,400 --> 04:01:31,400
He joined the Massachusetts 
charitable mechanical 

4518
04:01:31,400 --> 04:01:35,000
Association which championed 
tradesman's rights and Advanced 

4519
04:01:35,000 --> 04:01:38,400
Mechanical Innovations. 
In addition he oversaw Community

4520
04:01:38,400 --> 04:01:42,100
initiatives aimed at improving 
infrastructure, Boston's roads, 

4521
04:01:42,100 --> 04:01:45,700
Bridges and fire services. 
This Synergy of public service 

4522
04:01:45,700 --> 04:01:48,300
and private Enterprise mirrored.
The developing ethos of the new 

4523
04:01:48,300 --> 04:01:51,500
Republic were personal success 
and Collective well-being 

4524
04:01:51,500 --> 04:01:55,600
intertwine His family also 
expanded, father to a large 

4525
04:01:55,608 --> 04:01:59,100
brood Revere, expected his 
children to learn a trade or 

4526
04:01:59,100 --> 04:02:02,200
assist in the family. 
Businesses Sons began, helping 

4527
04:02:02,200 --> 04:02:05,000
in The Foundry, learning 
practical, skills from their 

4528
04:02:05,000 --> 04:02:07,700
father. 
Daughters were often educated 

4529
04:02:07,700 --> 04:02:10,800
enough to maintain household 
finances and even dabbling. 

4530
04:02:10,800 --> 04:02:14,400
Commercial tasks, the Revere 
Clan became a microcosm of the 

4531
04:02:14,400 --> 04:02:16,300
emergent middle class part 
tradition. 

4532
04:02:16,300 --> 04:02:20,500
Bound part 4, looking at times, 
dinner discussions, like the 

4533
04:02:20,500 --> 04:02:22,700
encompassed, everything from 
forging technique to local 

4534
04:02:22,700 --> 04:02:26,300
politics during this period, the
new federal government sought to

4535
04:02:26,300 --> 04:02:30,100
strengthen America's Naval 
capacity, threats loomed off the

4536
04:02:30,100 --> 04:02:33,300
Barbary Coast where Pirates, 
seized Merchant ships. 

4537
04:02:33,300 --> 04:02:37,200
The US Navy needed, warships, 
and reverse or his charms. 

4538
04:02:37,200 --> 04:02:41,200
He pitched his copper sheathing 
to the government arguing, that 

4539
04:02:41,200 --> 04:02:43,700
adopting homegrown manufacturing
would reduce dependence on 

4540
04:02:43,700 --> 04:02:45,900
foreign supplies. 
Despite initial. 

4541
04:02:45,900 --> 04:02:48,700
Reservations officials 
recognized the Strategic 

4542
04:02:48,700 --> 04:02:52,900
Advantage by the mid-1790s 
Revere's copper found. 

4543
04:02:53,000 --> 04:02:56,200
Its way onto the USS 
Constitution nicknamed Old 

4544
04:02:56,200 --> 04:02:58,800
Ironsides. 
A famed frigate and Boston. 

4545
04:02:59,600 --> 04:03:02,600
This success was huge 
demonstrated that domestic 

4546
04:03:02,600 --> 04:03:05,100
production could match or exceed
British quality. 

4547
04:03:06,000 --> 04:03:08,800
With pride. 
Revere marched his workers to 

4548
04:03:08,800 --> 04:03:11,700
the Charlestown Navy, yard to 
see the Constitution, outfitted 

4549
04:03:11,700 --> 04:03:13,400
the event. 
Symbolized. 

4550
04:03:13,400 --> 04:03:16,100
The Synergy of industrial 
progress and National Defense. 

4551
04:03:16,900 --> 04:03:19,700
In an era when many still saw 
the us as an agrarian 

4552
04:03:19,700 --> 04:03:23,300
Confederation Revere's. 
Pursuits hinted at a more 

4553
04:03:23,300 --> 04:03:26,200
industrial future. 
He began receiving more orders 

4554
04:03:26,200 --> 04:03:30,100
for Bell, casting too churches. 
Across New England wanted bells 

4555
04:03:30,100 --> 04:03:33,700
that combined pleasing acoustics
with durability, Revere's 

4556
04:03:33,700 --> 04:03:36,200
Foundry, delivered. 
Some of these bells still ring 

4557
04:03:36,200 --> 04:03:38,800
today. 
Even as reverse renowned grew in

4558
04:03:38,800 --> 04:03:41,000
manufacturing circles, he 
remained. 

4559
04:03:41,000 --> 04:03:43,600
Surprisingly modest about the 
fame, midnight ride. 

4560
04:03:43,600 --> 04:03:46,300
The occasionally recounted it 
for new acquaintances, 

4561
04:03:46,300 --> 04:03:49,300
especially if they recognized 
his name from rumors. 

4562
04:03:50,100 --> 04:03:52,800
But he never wrote a grand 
Memoir or boasted publicly. 

4563
04:03:52,800 --> 04:03:56,700
He seemed more captivated by 
forging new Wares and proving 

4564
04:03:56,700 --> 04:04:00,300
his foundries output. 
The ride that would define him 

4565
04:04:00,300 --> 04:04:03,800
for posterity was just one 
chapter in his own eyes by the 

4566
04:04:03,800 --> 04:04:07,000
early 1800s. 
Paul Revere was recognized as a 

4567
04:04:07,000 --> 04:04:09,000
leading industrial innovator in 
Massachusetts. 

4568
04:04:09,000 --> 04:04:12,900
The Aging Patriot was no longer 
the lean Courier bounding off 

4569
04:04:12,900 --> 04:04:15,600
into the night. 
Instead he was a solid figure 

4570
04:04:15,600 --> 04:04:18,700
with graying hair strolling 
through a noisy Foundry. 

4571
04:04:18,700 --> 04:04:22,100
Checking the quality of molten 
copper and guiding young girl 

4572
04:04:22,100 --> 04:04:24,500
Craftsman. 
The remaining engaged in local 

4573
04:04:24,500 --> 04:04:27,300
politics advocating for a 
balanced approach to Commerce. 

4574
04:04:28,400 --> 04:04:31,100
Occasionally accepted 
invitations to speak, at 

4575
04:04:31,100 --> 04:04:33,800
associations, of mechanics, or 
veterans groups though. 

4576
04:04:33,800 --> 04:04:36,600
These gatherings rarely match 
the Grandeur of modern rallies. 

4577
04:04:37,300 --> 04:04:39,900
Kept the focus on practical 
improvements and communal 

4578
04:04:39,900 --> 04:04:43,000
responsibilities values. 
Forged in a life that bridged 

4579
04:04:43,000 --> 04:04:45,500
Revolution and the forging of a 
new economic order. 

4580
04:04:45,500 --> 04:04:49,500
Thus, Paul, Revere Advanced from
revolutionary Messenger to 

4581
04:04:49,500 --> 04:04:53,000
full-fledged industrial Pioneer 
where once he had hammered 

4582
04:04:53,000 --> 04:04:56,300
silver teapots, he now shaped 
the nation's Naval might the 

4583
04:04:56,300 --> 04:04:59,500
drive for Independence, which 
once motivated him to ride 

4584
04:04:59,500 --> 04:05:01,900
overnight. 
Now fueled, an economic vision 

4585
04:05:01,900 --> 04:05:05,900
for a stable, self-reliant to 
America and ambition that amply 

4586
04:05:05,900 --> 04:05:08,300
demonstrated, the Synergy 
between Enterprise and 

4587
04:05:08,300 --> 04:05:10,400
patriotism. 
Paul Revere's. 

4588
04:05:10,400 --> 04:05:13,500
Final decades saw him celebrated
in local circles as an 

4589
04:05:13,500 --> 04:05:16,800
accomplished businessman and 
stalled voice in civic affairs. 

4590
04:05:17,800 --> 04:05:20,200
Yet. 
Ironically, his renowned as a 

4591
04:05:20,200 --> 04:05:22,700
revolutionary hero was 
comparatively subdued during his

4592
04:05:22,700 --> 04:05:25,400
lifetime. 
Public commemorations of the 

4593
04:05:25,400 --> 04:05:27,200
war. 
Typically highlighted generals 

4594
04:05:27,200 --> 04:05:31,100
like Washington or Statesmen 
like franklyn the intricacies of

4595
04:05:31,100 --> 04:05:34,000
Revere's, midnight ride were 
known amongst certain bostonians

4596
04:05:34,000 --> 04:05:38,600
but no single poem all widely 
circulated accountant his role 

4597
04:05:39,600 --> 04:05:42,800
As the 19th century. 
Dawned River watched Boston 

4598
04:05:42,800 --> 04:05:47,200
transform the City's population,
swelled new commercial 

4599
04:05:47,200 --> 04:05:49,200
opportunities arose, along the 
waterfront. 

4600
04:05:50,000 --> 04:05:53,200
He kept pace with these changes 
updating his foundries 

4601
04:05:53,200 --> 04:05:55,300
techniques and occasionally 
pretending Innovations. 

4602
04:05:55,300 --> 04:05:59,800
He also mentored younger artists
passing along the same ethos of 

4603
04:05:59,808 --> 04:06:02,100
diligence and 
community-mindedness that guided

4604
04:06:02,100 --> 04:06:04,800
him. 
In Quiet Moments, he reflected 

4605
04:06:04,800 --> 04:06:08,400
on Friends lost or scattered by 
War on how an unassuming 

4606
04:06:08,400 --> 04:06:12,000
silversmith like him once walked
a perilous line between colonial

4607
04:06:12,000 --> 04:06:15,900
law and Rebellion, his personal 
life remained anchored in family

4608
04:06:15,900 --> 04:06:19,500
by now, multiple children 
assisted in The Foundry. 

4609
04:06:20,300 --> 04:06:24,000
Grandchildren scampered through 
the workshop yard, occasionally 

4610
04:06:24,000 --> 04:06:27,600
mesmerized by glowing furnaces 
Revere, though. 

4611
04:06:27,600 --> 04:06:30,900
Stern about safety allowed them.
Glimpses of the molten copper 

4612
04:06:30,900 --> 04:06:35,500
hoping to spark curiosity rather
than fear letters from this 

4613
04:06:35,500 --> 04:06:38,900
period reveal a man juggling 
paternal Pride Financial 

4614
04:06:38,900 --> 04:06:42,600
concerns and deep gratitude for 
living to see an independent 

4615
04:06:42,600 --> 04:06:44,800
republic. 
Flourish the occasionally 

4616
04:06:44,800 --> 04:06:46,700
traveled to observe new 
industrial site. 

4617
04:06:47,500 --> 04:06:50,500
One visit to Philadelphia's 
Ironworks fascinated him. 

4618
04:06:50,500 --> 04:06:54,800
He swapped notes with other 
entrepreneurs about scale costs 

4619
04:06:54,800 --> 04:06:57,300
and workforce management 
everywhere. 

4620
04:06:57,300 --> 04:07:01,000
He went people recognized him as
the Boston craftsmen who had 

4621
04:07:01,008 --> 04:07:03,100
helped found an American 
manufacturing base. 

4622
04:07:03,900 --> 04:07:06,400
A dinners or Tavern Gatherings 
you sometimes heard 

4623
04:07:06,400 --> 04:07:08,700
Recollections of the Revolution 
with others. 

4624
04:07:08,700 --> 04:07:12,800
Praising famous generals while 
Revere, politely listened If 

4625
04:07:12,800 --> 04:07:17,900
asked directly about April 18th 
1775, he shared details, but 

4626
04:07:17,900 --> 04:07:21,500
mostly he avoided embellishment.
He never sought to overshadow. 

4627
04:07:21,500 --> 04:07:24,400
The memory of the many patriots 
who fought and fell after that 

4628
04:07:24,400 --> 04:07:28,300
fateful night. 
In 1811, Revere decided to 

4629
04:07:28,300 --> 04:07:31,400
retire officially from daily 
management and in control of The

4630
04:07:31,408 --> 04:07:34,700
Foundry to his sons and other 
trusted Associates by that 

4631
04:07:34,700 --> 04:07:38,400
point, his name carried in 
commercial contracts, the Revere

4632
04:07:38,400 --> 04:07:42,600
Brown as it were gave Assurance 
of quality Freed From The Grind 

4633
04:07:42,600 --> 04:07:44,800
of business. 
He spent more time reflecting on

4634
04:07:44,800 --> 04:07:48,100
the young nation's political 
evolution, the War of 1812 

4635
04:07:48,100 --> 04:07:51,200
erupted soon. 
After pitting, the US again 

4636
04:07:51,200 --> 04:07:54,500
against Britain from his Vantage
Revere, found it both 

4637
04:07:54,500 --> 04:07:57,500
disheartening and validating 
disheartening that conflict 

4638
04:07:57,500 --> 04:08:01,200
reemerged yet validating because
it underscored the importance of

4639
04:08:01,200 --> 04:08:03,000
domestic industry and Times of 
strife. 

4640
04:08:04,000 --> 04:08:06,900
Despite his Advanced stage 
Revere, occasionally wrote 

4641
04:08:06,900 --> 04:08:09,900
letters of encouragement to 
militia officers, reminding them

4642
04:08:09,900 --> 04:08:12,500
of the vital role. 
Local defense played during the 

4643
04:08:12,500 --> 04:08:15,700
early Revolution. 
He also supported volunteer 

4644
04:08:15,700 --> 04:08:19,300
committees raising funds for 
fortifications, not being active

4645
04:08:19,300 --> 04:08:22,700
on the front lines, he 
remembered the lessons of 1775. 

4646
04:08:22,700 --> 04:08:25,900
Local preparedness could 
significantly influence the 

4647
04:08:25,908 --> 04:08:28,100
outcome. 
Some historians note, that 

4648
04:08:28,100 --> 04:08:31,400
behind the scenes Revere's 
Foundry, contributed Canon 

4649
04:08:31,400 --> 04:08:33,800
parts, for the war effort 
though, on a smaller scale than 

4650
04:08:33,800 --> 04:08:36,600
before. 
Paul Revere died on May the 10th

4651
04:08:36,600 --> 04:08:41,800
1818 at the age of 83 obituaries
in Boston newspapers. 

4652
04:08:41,800 --> 04:08:44,500
Praised him as a master 
silversmith, an industrious 

4653
04:08:44,500 --> 04:08:47,200
founder and a patriot of the 
Revolution. 

4654
04:08:47,200 --> 04:08:50,400
But they offered only cursory 
mention of his midnight ride 

4655
04:08:50,400 --> 04:08:53,700
instead of mourning. 
A legendary figure, the city 

4656
04:08:53,700 --> 04:08:56,500
mourned a respected, Community 
pillar indeed. 

4657
04:08:56,500 --> 04:08:59,900
Reverse funeral was a modest 
Affair attended by family 

4658
04:08:59,900 --> 04:09:03,000
friends and fellow artists and 
to them. 

4659
04:09:03,000 --> 04:09:06,600
He was old Mr. Revere wise in 
Council and wavering and 

4660
04:09:06,600 --> 04:09:10,200
printables, over the ensuing 
decades, memories of the 

4661
04:09:10,200 --> 04:09:12,600
Revolution Consolidated into a 
national myth. 

4662
04:09:13,200 --> 04:09:16,400
Monumental events, overshadowed 
the gritty day-to-day 

4663
04:09:16,400 --> 04:09:18,100
contributions of ordinary 
Patriots. 

4664
04:09:18,100 --> 04:09:22,800
Then in 1860 Henry, Wadsworth 
Longfellow published Paul 

4665
04:09:22,800 --> 04:09:26,500
Revere's Ride, immortalizing 
Revere as the Lone Hero, who 

4666
04:09:26,500 --> 04:09:29,500
raised the alarm. 
Poem whilst during took 

4667
04:09:29,500 --> 04:09:33,100
Liberties omitting the network 
of compatriots and crediting 

4668
04:09:33,100 --> 04:09:35,500
Revere with Feats shared among 
multiple Riders. 

4669
04:09:35,500 --> 04:09:40,200
Its dramatic lines though. 
Historically imprecise resonated

4670
04:09:40,200 --> 04:09:43,600
with Americans on the brink of 
Civil War, reminding them of the

4671
04:09:43,600 --> 04:09:48,500
unity once forged in crisis. 
Thus ironically Revere's 

4672
04:09:48,500 --> 04:09:51,300
posthumous famed soared to 
Heights, he never experienced 

4673
04:09:51,300 --> 04:09:55,200
while alive. statues Rose 
textbooks proclaimed him the 

4674
04:09:55,200 --> 04:09:58,900
prime instigator of the 
revolution's opening, Salvo the 

4675
04:09:58,900 --> 04:10:02,100
complexities of his broader 
life, his industrial Ventures, 

4676
04:10:02,100 --> 04:10:07,000
his Engravings, his lesser known
military Fiasco's, often Faded 

4677
04:10:07,000 --> 04:10:10,800
by the single story of a 
midnight Dash Yet, reverse life 

4678
04:10:10,800 --> 04:10:12,900
exemplifies, more than an iconic
ride. 

4679
04:10:12,900 --> 04:10:17,700
It reflects the Synergy of craft
Commerce activism and civic 

4680
04:10:17,700 --> 04:10:19,800
responsibility in shaping a 
fledgling nation. 

4681
04:10:19,800 --> 04:10:23,700
That Synergy perhaps is the 
greatest Testament to the man 

4682
04:10:23,700 --> 04:10:28,100
who ended as an unassuming 
elderly industrialist yet 

4683
04:10:28,100 --> 04:10:30,600
endures in Collective memory, 
Astrid a galloping horse. 

4684
04:10:31,300 --> 04:10:34,800
Long after Paul Revere's passing
historians piece together. 

4685
04:10:34,800 --> 04:10:37,300
A full of portrait of his life 
transcending. 

4686
04:10:37,300 --> 04:10:41,600
The narrow lens of that famous, 
ride, documents emerged shop, 

4687
04:10:41,600 --> 04:10:44,700
Ledges personal letters Court. 
Martial records from the 

4688
04:10:44,700 --> 04:10:47,800
Penobscot Expedition. 
Showcasing a man constantly 

4689
04:10:47,800 --> 04:10:51,200
evolving with the times. 
Such evidence clarified that 

4690
04:10:51,200 --> 04:10:54,500
Revere significance. 
Lay not in one heroic Knight but

4691
04:10:54,500 --> 04:10:58,100
in a sustained commitment to 
building Community ties, forging

4692
04:10:58,100 --> 04:11:02,500
new Industries and championing a
cause he believed just in modern

4693
04:11:02,500 --> 04:11:04,800
Boston. 
Tourists throng, the Freedom 

4694
04:11:04,800 --> 04:11:08,100
Trail winding past sites like 
the old North Church where 

4695
04:11:08,100 --> 04:11:11,100
docents recount the signal 
lanterns Revere's. 

4696
04:11:11,100 --> 04:11:15,500
House painstakingly preserved, 
stanzas and example of 17th 

4697
04:11:15,500 --> 04:11:19,000
century architecture adapted by 
an 18th century Craftsman. 

4698
04:11:19,000 --> 04:11:22,800
Visitors, Marvel at the cramped 
rooms where children must have 

4699
04:11:22,800 --> 04:11:25,900
crowded together. 
And at the workshop, space out 

4700
04:11:25,900 --> 04:11:28,800
back where Revere chased 
creative ideas that shaped 

4701
04:11:28,800 --> 04:11:33,300
silver into everything from 
teapots to intricate Buckles in 

4702
04:11:33,300 --> 04:11:35,400
the yard one. 
Can almost imagine him 

4703
04:11:35,400 --> 04:11:38,000
conferring with secret 
committees, while stepping out 

4704
04:11:38,000 --> 04:11:40,900
at dusk for a quiet conversation
with a fellow Sons of Liberty 

4705
04:11:40,900 --> 04:11:45,900
member, Reverse industrial 
Legacy, also lingers the copper,

4706
04:11:45,900 --> 04:11:49,300
clad uses Constitution still 
floats in the Charles Town, Navy

4707
04:11:49,300 --> 04:11:52,300
Yard a testament to his 
metallurgical foresight. 

4708
04:11:53,100 --> 04:11:56,000
Bells cast in his Foundry 
continued to ring in churches as

4709
04:11:56,000 --> 04:11:59,600
a New England, these artifacts 
speak to a principal Revere 

4710
04:11:59,600 --> 04:12:02,300
championed that 
self-sufficiently and local 

4711
04:12:02,300 --> 04:12:05,900
craftsmanship buttress, freedom.
In a young Republicans on 

4712
04:12:05,908 --> 04:12:09,000
certain of its future. 
He demonstrated that made in 

4713
04:12:09,000 --> 04:12:11,700
America was not a pipe dream but
a workable reality. 

4714
04:12:11,700 --> 04:12:14,100
Give an enough Ingenuity and 
perseverance. 

4715
04:12:15,800 --> 04:12:18,600
Academic discourses. 
Also refined Revere's place in 

4716
04:12:18,600 --> 04:12:22,200
Revolutionary history while 
Longfellows poem romanticized 

4717
04:12:22,200 --> 04:12:24,400
Alone Rider scholarship 
highlights. 

4718
04:12:24,400 --> 04:12:27,800
A broader Network known as the 
intelligence and alarm system 

4719
04:12:27,800 --> 04:12:30,800
dozens of riders watches and 
committee members. 

4720
04:12:30,800 --> 04:12:35,000
Made that April 1775 next to 
success Revere's role was 

4721
04:12:35,000 --> 04:12:39,200
crucial, but not singular, even.
So the poems popularity stuck, 

4722
04:12:39,200 --> 04:12:41,700
capturing the hearts of 
generations, who found 

4723
04:12:41,700 --> 04:12:45,400
inspiration in the notion that 
one person fueled by conviction,

4724
04:12:45,400 --> 04:12:49,100
might Rouse a people to defend 
Liberty, some argue that the 

4725
04:12:49,100 --> 04:12:50,800
legend. 
Simplicity overshadowed the 

4726
04:12:50,800 --> 04:12:54,000
truth of collective action, 
While others contend it provided

4727
04:12:54,000 --> 04:12:57,200
a rallying symbol more powerful 
than any purely factual account.

4728
04:12:58,000 --> 04:13:00,900
Contemporary portrayals whether 
in children's books or 

4729
04:13:00,900 --> 04:13:04,500
historical dramas, balance the 
factual Paul Revere, with the 

4730
04:13:04,500 --> 04:13:07,900
Mythic figure, they mention his 
silver shop, his involvement in 

4731
04:13:07,900 --> 04:13:11,000
the Boston Tea Party, and his 
lesson known Feats beyond the 

4732
04:13:11,000 --> 04:13:13,500
fame ride. 
They note, how he bridged 

4733
04:13:13,500 --> 04:13:17,700
multiple roles Artisan, father 
activist Soldier, an 

4734
04:13:17,700 --> 04:13:20,800
entrepreneur, Teachers use his 
story to illustrate how 

4735
04:13:20,800 --> 04:13:22,300
revolution's depend on every 
day. 

4736
04:13:22,300 --> 04:13:26,500
Citizens stepping forward, not 
just charismatic, generals In 

4737
04:13:26,500 --> 04:13:29,800
this sense, Revere embodies the 
idea that significant changes 

4738
04:13:29,800 --> 04:13:33,500
fueled by many hands. 
Each contributing specialized 

4739
04:13:33,500 --> 04:13:37,600
talents Revere's transformation 
into a national icon, carries 

4740
04:13:37,600 --> 04:13:41,100
lessons about how history and 
memory intersect he left behind.

4741
04:13:41,100 --> 04:13:44,800
No bombastic, Diaries rather, 
his records were pragmatic 

4742
04:13:44,800 --> 04:13:47,700
receipts for silver items. 
Letters about shipments of 

4743
04:13:47,708 --> 04:13:51,100
copper, brief notes on local, 
militia tasks, the shift from 

4744
04:13:51,100 --> 04:13:54,200
Modest business documents to 
Mythic status suggests that once

4745
04:13:54,200 --> 04:13:57,300
a narrative, resonates with 
national sentiment, it acquires 

4746
04:13:57,300 --> 04:14:00,900
a life of its own Paul Revere, 
the stands as both a historical 

4747
04:14:00,900 --> 04:14:05,300
figure verifiable multifaceted 
and a cultural emblem Shake by 

4748
04:14:05,300 --> 04:14:08,600
poetry, public monuments. 
And retellings that emphasize 

4749
04:14:08,600 --> 04:14:12,200
drama over once for people 
reflecting on the Revere's life.

4750
04:14:12,200 --> 04:14:15,800
Today he offers a model of 
adaptability he was not locked 

4751
04:14:15,800 --> 04:14:19,100
into a single path facing 
challenges where the paternal 

4752
04:14:19,100 --> 04:14:22,400
loss in adolescents British 
crackdowns post-war economic 

4753
04:14:22,400 --> 04:14:25,700
chaos. 
He recalibrated That 

4754
04:14:25,700 --> 04:14:28,000
adaptability underscores. 
A universal truth. 

4755
04:14:28,700 --> 04:14:31,400
The capacity to Pivot in 
Christ's Fosters resilience. 

4756
04:14:32,100 --> 04:14:35,000
whether in the forging of a new 
nation or in personal life 

4757
04:14:35,000 --> 04:14:38,800
transitions, Ultimately, the 
Paul Revere story is more than 

4758
04:14:38,800 --> 04:14:42,000
an evening Dash. 
It's a tapestry of craftsmanship

4759
04:14:42,000 --> 04:14:45,500
activism community building and 
Industrial ambition. 

4760
04:14:45,500 --> 04:14:50,300
Each thread adds depth to the 
Revolutionary narrative And 

4761
04:14:50,300 --> 04:14:53,800
while the phrase one, if by land
two, if by Sea Rings Through the

4762
04:14:53,800 --> 04:14:57,600
Ages The Reel Revere thrived on 
forging alliances and 

4763
04:14:57,600 --> 04:15:01,700
relentlessly solving problems. 
His memory endures in Hamid, 

4764
04:15:01,700 --> 04:15:05,000
silver in The Echoes of church 
bells and in the forging of a 

4765
04:15:05,008 --> 04:15:07,300
collective identity. 
That transcends, any single 

4766
04:15:07,300 --> 04:15:11,100
heroic moment. 
In that sense, reverse life. 

4767
04:15:11,100 --> 04:15:15,000
Exemplifies how a determined 
citizen can indeed shape 

4768
04:15:15,000 --> 04:15:18,000
history, quietly, weaving, 
purpose into every role. 

4769
04:15:18,000 --> 04:15:21,300
He fills leaving behind an 
imprint that resonates well 

4770
04:15:21,300 --> 04:15:22,700
beyond the midnight calls of 
War. 

4771
04:15:36,800 --> 04:15:39,500
Right, we explore the life and 
contributions of Rosalind 

4772
04:15:39,500 --> 04:15:41,800
Franklin. 
The brilliant scientist whose 

4773
04:15:41,800 --> 04:15:45,200
pioneering work in x-ray. 
Crystallography was instrumental

4774
04:15:45,200 --> 04:15:49,100
in the discovery of the DNA 
double helix A dedication to 

4775
04:15:49,100 --> 04:15:51,400
science and her role in one of 
the most significant 

4776
04:15:51,400 --> 04:15:54,600
breakthroughs of the 20th 
century continue to inspire 

4777
04:15:54,600 --> 04:15:56,300
generations of researchers 
today. 

4778
04:15:57,300 --> 04:16:01,200
So, before you relax, as always,
take a moment to like the video 

4779
04:16:01,200 --> 04:16:05,300
and subscribe to the channel if 
our content helps, you, also let

4780
04:16:05,300 --> 04:16:07,200
us know where you're watching 
from and what time it is for 

4781
04:16:07,208 --> 04:16:09,200
you. 
We're always open to requests 

4782
04:16:09,200 --> 04:16:10,700
for stories, boring and 
interesting. 

4783
04:16:10,700 --> 04:16:13,300
If you guys ever have any in 
mind, let us know. 

4784
04:16:14,600 --> 04:16:17,200
Now, get rid of those bright 
lights, turn on your fan if you 

4785
04:16:17,200 --> 04:16:23,300
have one and let's begin. 
Rosalind Franklin's name often 

4786
04:16:23,300 --> 04:16:26,700
appears as a footnote in the 
story of DNA overshadowed by the

4787
04:16:26,700 --> 04:16:30,100
fame of James, Watson and 
Francis, Crick yet, her life was

4788
04:16:30,100 --> 04:16:34,700
neither trivial, not easily 
summarized Born in London in 

4789
04:16:34,700 --> 04:16:36,600
1920 to a prominent Jewish 
Family. 

4790
04:16:36,600 --> 04:16:40,400
She grew up when few encouraged 
women to pursue rigorous 

4791
04:16:40,400 --> 04:16:43,900
science, even as child. 
She displayed a fierce hunger 

4792
04:16:43,900 --> 04:16:45,900
for knowledge to fight social 
norms. 

4793
04:16:45,900 --> 04:16:50,300
Her father Ellis franklyn 
supported her education yet, 

4794
04:16:50,300 --> 04:16:53,400
worried about her Independence 
Street at Saint, Paul's girls 

4795
04:16:53,400 --> 04:16:57,500
school, she excelled in math 
chemistry and languages while 

4796
04:16:57,500 --> 04:17:00,300
her peers aimed at more 
conventional Futures a 

4797
04:17:00,300 --> 04:17:02,400
scholarship to newnham college 
Cambridge. 

4798
04:17:02,400 --> 04:17:05,000
Put her among mentors, who 
valued her promise. 

4799
04:17:05,000 --> 04:17:08,700
But questioned women's roles in 
Labs undeterred, she pulled 

4800
04:17:08,700 --> 04:17:12,000
energy into research proving her
place through diligent work, 

4801
04:17:12,900 --> 04:17:16,600
When World War 2 broke out, 
Britain needed scientists, she 

4802
04:17:16,600 --> 04:17:19,500
joined the British coal, 
utilization research Association

4803
04:17:19,500 --> 04:17:24,000
studying carbons microstructures
there, she discovered a passion 

4804
04:17:24,000 --> 04:17:27,600
for methodical experimentation. 
She also encountered x-ray, 

4805
04:17:27,600 --> 04:17:31,000
crystallography, a technique 
aligning perfectly with her 

4806
04:17:31,000 --> 04:17:34,200
meticulous nature. 
After the war a fellowship in 

4807
04:17:34,200 --> 04:17:37,300
Paris brought her to Jacques. 
Mary's lab where she refined her

4808
04:17:37,308 --> 04:17:40,000
skill in x-ray. 
Diffraction her high standards 

4809
04:17:40,000 --> 04:17:43,100
in exacting methods yielded 
notable papers on carbon 

4810
04:17:43,100 --> 04:17:45,300
structure. 
Establishing her as a rising 

4811
04:17:45,300 --> 04:17:49,200
star in Crystal ography. 
By the early 1950s King's 

4812
04:17:49,200 --> 04:17:53,300
College, London, offered her a 
position to study DNA, Morris 

4813
04:17:53,300 --> 04:17:56,800
Wilkins, and his team believed 
x-ray diffraction could unlock 

4814
04:17:56,800 --> 04:18:00,300
the molecules secrets. 
Franklin arrived armed with 

4815
04:18:00,300 --> 04:18:03,400
expertise determined to 
implement new, protocols and 

4816
04:18:03,400 --> 04:18:05,600
improve equipment. 
Lab tensions. 

4817
04:18:05,600 --> 04:18:08,300
Surfaced quickly. 
Wilkins had expected a 

4818
04:18:08,300 --> 04:18:11,400
collaborator. 
Franklyn insisted on autonomy. 

4819
04:18:12,100 --> 04:18:13,700
Some colleagues admired her 
Precision. 

4820
04:18:13,700 --> 04:18:18,000
While others, founded difficult.
Still she pressed on convinced 

4821
04:18:18,000 --> 04:18:20,000
that careful data could cut 
through any confusion. 

4822
04:18:20,800 --> 04:18:23,000
Working with her student, 
Raymond Gosling. 

4823
04:18:23,000 --> 04:18:26,700
She captured a series of images,
the most famous labeled photo 

4824
04:18:26,700 --> 04:18:29,700
51, revealing a striking helical
pattern. 

4825
04:18:30,400 --> 04:18:33,200
She wanted more evidence before 
announcing a conclusion. 

4826
04:18:33,200 --> 04:18:36,500
Preferring thoroughness over 
speculation yet behind the 

4827
04:18:36,500 --> 04:18:40,600
scenes, her data slipped into 
other hands, unbeknownst to her 

4828
04:18:40,600 --> 04:18:43,500
a colleague, showed Watson, and 
Crick her, diffraction results 

4829
04:18:43,500 --> 04:18:48,300
already pursuing a helical model
a seized, her findings, as key 

4830
04:18:48,300 --> 04:18:51,600
confirmation. 
Franklin, for the moment was 

4831
04:18:51,600 --> 04:18:54,400
focused on perfecting her 
analysis unaware. 

4832
04:18:54,400 --> 04:18:57,100
That her painstaking work was 
fueling a major Discovery 

4833
04:18:57,100 --> 04:19:00,200
elsewhere. 
Even, so the tension at Kings 

4834
04:19:00,200 --> 04:19:03,100
grew. 
Franklyn's direct Style clashed 

4835
04:19:03,100 --> 04:19:04,900
with Wilkinson's reserved 
manner. 

4836
04:19:05,700 --> 04:19:08,100
She believed in complete 
control, over her research 

4837
04:19:08,100 --> 04:19:10,700
methods irritating, those 
accustomed to a more 

4838
04:19:10,708 --> 04:19:13,900
hierarchical lab, but she 
remained steadfast just in 

4839
04:19:13,900 --> 04:19:16,900
humidity levels and rechecking 
angles to sharpen her images, 

4840
04:19:16,900 --> 04:19:20,100
each Improvement hinted, she was
on the brink of a Monumental 

4841
04:19:20,100 --> 04:19:23,300
revelation. 
That Revelation however would 

4842
04:19:23,300 --> 04:19:27,400
not bear her name alone. 
While franklyn refined her data 

4843
04:19:27,400 --> 04:19:31,300
Watson, and Crick raced forward 
preparing to unveil, their model

4844
04:19:31,300 --> 04:19:34,500
of the, she had no inkling of 
the behind the scenes drama. 

4845
04:19:36,100 --> 04:19:39,200
In the darkroom, a camera, 
captured Crystal patterns that 

4846
04:19:39,200 --> 04:19:44,200
were change biology. trusted her
data to speak for itself unaware

4847
04:19:44,200 --> 04:19:46,500
that the world soon would hail 
Watson and Crick as The 

4848
04:19:46,500 --> 04:19:50,600
Architects of DNA's double helix
At this stage, Franklin's story 

4849
04:19:50,600 --> 04:19:52,800
was poised between breakthrough 
and overshadowing. 

4850
04:19:52,800 --> 04:19:56,400
A rigorous approach had 
delivered vital Clues to Life's 

4851
04:19:56,400 --> 04:19:58,900
molecular code. 
Yet, social dynamics and 

4852
04:19:58,900 --> 04:20:01,300
academic politics threatened to 
Opera of due credit. 

4853
04:20:02,200 --> 04:20:05,300
In the realm of science data 
does not always guarantee 

4854
04:20:05,300 --> 04:20:07,000
recognition for the one who 
gathers it. 

4855
04:20:08,000 --> 04:20:11,300
Rosalind Franklin had produced a
Priceless glimpse into DNA's 

4856
04:20:11,300 --> 04:20:14,500
form, setting, the stage for 
history to unfold in ways. 

4857
04:20:14,500 --> 04:20:17,900
She could not have predicted. 
She was born into a family of 

4858
04:20:17,900 --> 04:20:21,000
philanthropic tradition with her
Uncle serving as the first 

4859
04:20:21,000 --> 04:20:25,200
Jewish mayor of London. 
From a young age, she was taught

4860
04:20:25,200 --> 04:20:27,200
the importance of service in 
intellectual rigor. 

4861
04:20:27,200 --> 04:20:31,100
A combination that would shape 
her character In her teenage 

4862
04:20:31,100 --> 04:20:34,400
years, she gained a reputation 
for Sharp wit and an unwavering 

4863
04:20:34,400 --> 04:20:37,700
focus on academic goals. 
These traits did not always 

4864
04:20:37,700 --> 04:20:40,400
endear her to peers, who 
expected, more demure Behavior. 

4865
04:20:40,400 --> 04:20:44,400
But she was undeterred, she had 
glimpsed a future in which women

4866
04:20:44,400 --> 04:20:48,000
could stand at the frontier of 
Discovery and she was determined

4867
04:20:48,000 --> 04:20:51,700
to play it in her journals. 
She expressed a love for puzzles

4868
04:20:51,700 --> 04:20:53,400
and a fascination with 
structure. 

4869
04:20:54,100 --> 04:20:58,200
Whether examining minerals or 
deciphering, abstract problems. 

4870
04:20:58,200 --> 04:21:02,500
She found solace in unraveling 
complexities This mindset 

4871
04:21:02,500 --> 04:21:06,200
translated seamlessly into her 
later work where Precision 

4872
04:21:06,200 --> 04:21:08,100
became both her shield and her 
Compass. 

4873
04:21:08,100 --> 04:21:12,100
It also fueled her tenacity 
driving her to pursue every 

4874
04:21:12,100 --> 04:21:14,100
question until she reached its 
hidden core. 

4875
04:21:15,100 --> 04:21:17,200
Rosalind Franklin's arrival at 
King's College. 

4876
04:21:17,200 --> 04:21:20,700
London came with grand hopes, 
but the labs culture soon, 

4877
04:21:20,700 --> 04:21:24,800
tested her resolve she joined 
Morris Wilkins, who believed 

4878
04:21:24,800 --> 04:21:28,600
they would share, DNA research 
duties, Franklyn's forthright 

4879
04:21:28,600 --> 04:21:30,700
style. 
However, clashed with Wilkins 

4880
04:21:30,700 --> 04:21:34,400
quieter approach worse, the 
leadership chain for the DNA 

4881
04:21:34,400 --> 04:21:38,100
project remained vague fostering
confusion about who was truly in

4882
04:21:38,100 --> 04:21:43,000
charge, Despite these challenges
Franklin pressed on exploring 

4883
04:21:43,000 --> 04:21:44,900
her DNA. 
Fibers changed under varying 

4884
04:21:44,900 --> 04:21:47,600
humidity. 
She distinguished between A and 

4885
04:21:47,600 --> 04:21:50,900
B forms of the molecule and her 
for Studios, x-ray. 

4886
04:21:50,900 --> 04:21:54,800
Diffraction work, produced the 
famous photo 51, which showed an

4887
04:21:54,800 --> 04:21:58,500
unmistakable helical pattern, 
Franklyn acknowledge the 

4888
04:21:58,500 --> 04:22:01,800
significance of the image, yet 
she refrained from making Hasty 

4889
04:22:01,800 --> 04:22:03,900
assumptions. 
She spent hours perfecting 

4890
04:22:03,900 --> 04:22:07,800
exposures checking angles and 
analyzing the precise details 

4891
04:22:07,800 --> 04:22:11,900
etched onto photographic plates.
Meanwhile, across town at the 

4892
04:22:11,908 --> 04:22:15,100
Cavendish laboratory. 
In Cambridge, James, Watson, and

4893
04:22:15,100 --> 04:22:18,000
Francis, Crick took a 
contrasting approach model 

4894
04:22:18,000 --> 04:22:20,700
Builders at heart. 
They chased the DNA structure by

4895
04:22:20,700 --> 04:22:24,000
trial and error fueled by 
Snippets of data gleaned from 

4896
04:22:24,000 --> 04:22:28,000
various sources, when Wilkins 
revealed photo 51 to Watson, 

4897
04:22:28,000 --> 04:22:31,100
unbeknownst to Franklin. 
The evidence dovetailed 

4898
04:22:31,100 --> 04:22:35,300
perfectly with their double 
helix hunch, by early 1953 

4899
04:22:35,300 --> 04:22:38,200
Watson and Crick completed. 
A model that would make 

4900
04:22:38,200 --> 04:22:41,200
scientific history. 
Their publication in nature was 

4901
04:22:41,200 --> 04:22:44,800
concise yet transformative, 
announcing a double helical 

4902
04:22:44,800 --> 04:22:47,500
structure, that explained? 
DNA's replication mechanism 

4903
04:22:47,500 --> 04:22:51,500
Wilkins and Franklin each 
contributed supportive papers 

4904
04:22:51,500 --> 04:22:55,100
but the spotlight fell squarely 
on Watson and Crick franklyn's 

4905
04:22:55,100 --> 04:22:58,500
images and calculations though 
pivotal were presented as 

4906
04:22:58,500 --> 04:23:01,000
secondary confirmations rather 
than driving forces. 

4907
04:23:02,000 --> 04:23:05,800
She felt the sting of exclusion 
yet pressed on finalizing, her 

4908
04:23:05,800 --> 04:23:09,300
analysis of the molecules 
geometry, this period, at King's

4909
04:23:09,300 --> 04:23:12,200
grew more strained. 
Franklins Report with Wilkins 

4910
04:23:12,200 --> 04:23:15,300
had called, she seemed unwilling
to compromise on rigorous 

4911
04:23:15,300 --> 04:23:17,700
standards and he resented her 
own dependence. 

4912
04:23:18,400 --> 04:23:20,700
The department itself provided 
limited support. 

4913
04:23:21,500 --> 04:23:23,800
Attempt to bask in the sudden 
Acclaim for the DNA 

4914
04:23:23,800 --> 04:23:26,700
breakthrough. 
Franklin, meanwhile was left to 

4915
04:23:26,700 --> 04:23:29,500
Grapple with how her painstaking
data had been used without her 

4916
04:23:29,500 --> 04:23:32,600
direct consent. 
Recognizing that her future lay 

4917
04:23:32,600 --> 04:23:35,100
elsewhere. 
She began seeking a new post 

4918
04:23:35,100 --> 04:23:37,200
where she could direct her 
research on her terms 

4919
04:23:37,200 --> 04:23:40,700
opportunity. 
Arose at birkbeck College headed

4920
04:23:40,700 --> 04:23:42,800
by crystallographer. 
John Desmond, Bernal. 

4921
04:23:43,500 --> 04:23:46,100
Though, the facilities there 
were humbler, the atmosphere 

4922
04:23:46,100 --> 04:23:50,000
promised greater autonomy. 
Franklyn decided to leave kings 

4923
04:23:50,000 --> 04:23:53,400
taking with her a wealth of 
expertise and the resolve to 

4924
04:23:53,400 --> 04:23:55,200
avoid another scientific Turf 
War. 

4925
04:23:55,200 --> 04:23:58,300
She briefly concluded her work 
by publishing her final 

4926
04:23:58,300 --> 04:24:01,200
observation on the structural 
nuances of DNA. 

4927
04:24:01,200 --> 04:24:05,200
While Watson Crick and Wilkins 
basking growing accolades 

4928
04:24:05,200 --> 04:24:08,700
franklyn exited quietly 
determined to reorient her 

4929
04:24:08,700 --> 04:24:10,900
career. 
She did not hold holy abandon 

4930
04:24:10,900 --> 04:24:13,600
DNA, friends and colleague 
occasionally asked for her 

4931
04:24:13,600 --> 04:24:15,400
insights and she answered 
candidly. 

4932
04:24:15,400 --> 04:24:18,400
She had no desire to entangle 
herself further and debate about

4933
04:24:18,400 --> 04:24:20,900
authorship or recognition. 
The overshadowing. 

4934
04:24:20,900 --> 04:24:24,800
She experienced became a 
cautionary Tale in science data 

4935
04:24:24,800 --> 04:24:27,700
is currently and the one who 
controls its dissemination 

4936
04:24:27,700 --> 04:24:31,000
Wheels significant power, 
Franklin preferred to move 

4937
04:24:31,000 --> 04:24:32,900
forward rather than dwell on 
what might have been done 

4938
04:24:32,900 --> 04:24:36,200
differently in her last month's.
A king's she remained cordial, 

4939
04:24:36,200 --> 04:24:40,500
but distant focusing on 
practical tasks, a colleague's 

4940
04:24:40,500 --> 04:24:42,200
recognized her departure as a 
loss. 

4941
04:24:42,200 --> 04:24:45,100
A technique have been Central to
illuminating DNA. 

4942
04:24:45,900 --> 04:24:48,800
Still few openly acknowledged, 
the imbalance that had allowed 

4943
04:24:48,808 --> 04:24:52,600
others to LEAP ahead with her 
findings, privately Franklin 

4944
04:24:52,600 --> 04:24:54,400
Harbor. 
Disappointment at the missed 

4945
04:24:54,400 --> 04:24:57,500
chance for genuine collaboration
yet she rarely indulged in 

4946
04:24:57,508 --> 04:25:01,100
public complaints, believing the
project success should outweigh 

4947
04:25:01,100 --> 04:25:05,000
personal grievances, she fully 
engaged in planning her new life

4948
04:25:05,000 --> 04:25:09,300
at bookbag by the mid 1953. 
She aimed to Pivot to viruses, 

4949
04:25:09,300 --> 04:25:12,400
which he saw as a logical 
extension of molecular biology. 

4950
04:25:12,400 --> 04:25:17,100
If DNA held the code viruses, 
manipulated it for replication. 

4951
04:25:17,100 --> 04:25:20,500
It was a fresh Frontier. 
Free of the swirl around the 

4952
04:25:20,500 --> 04:25:22,600
double helix. 
Some wondered if she might 

4953
04:25:22,600 --> 04:25:25,100
regret turning away from a 
molecule that had just turned 

4954
04:25:25,100 --> 04:25:28,200
Global Fame, but franklyn's mind
was already set. 

4955
04:25:28,200 --> 04:25:31,500
She craved and environment where
precision and exploration 

4956
04:25:31,500 --> 04:25:34,200
mattered more than departmental 
politics or star power. 

4957
04:25:34,200 --> 04:25:37,000
In this decision Rosslyn 
franklyn. 

4958
04:25:37,000 --> 04:25:39,300
Demonstrated a fierce 
Independence that would define 

4959
04:25:39,300 --> 04:25:42,500
her future endeavors. 
The DNA story continued to 

4960
04:25:42,500 --> 04:25:46,300
unfold with Watson Crick, and 
Wilkins moving into the 

4961
04:25:46,300 --> 04:25:49,800
scientific Limelight. 
Franklyn, meanwhile, headed for 

4962
04:25:49,800 --> 04:25:52,700
new Challengers confident, that 
her diligence and clear sighted 

4963
04:25:52,700 --> 04:25:55,000
approach would gain yield 
groundbreaking discoveries. 

4964
04:25:55,700 --> 04:25:58,300
The transition set the stage for
the next chapter of her life. 

4965
04:25:58,300 --> 04:26:02,400
A chapter in which viruses, not 
DNA, would become her primary 

4966
04:26:02,400 --> 04:26:06,300
focus, Rosalind Franklin's moved
to birkbeck college. 

4967
04:26:06,300 --> 04:26:10,300
In 1953, allowed her to escape 
the tensions around DNA and 

4968
04:26:10,300 --> 04:26:12,400
Forge a fresh path in virus 
research. 

4969
04:26:13,200 --> 04:26:16,400
Under John Desmond, Bernal. 
She found greater Independence 

4970
04:26:16,400 --> 04:26:19,700
for her meticulous approach 
while viruses lacked the 

4971
04:26:19,708 --> 04:26:24,500
immediate Fame of DNA Frankling 
considered them equally vital if

4972
04:26:24,500 --> 04:26:28,300
DNA was life's blueprint viruses
were Intruders capable of 

4973
04:26:28,308 --> 04:26:32,100
hijacking that plan. 
A chosen subject, the tobacco 

4974
04:26:32,100 --> 04:26:35,700
mosaic virus TMV presented 
unique challenges. 

4975
04:26:36,700 --> 04:26:39,800
Franklyn painstakingly prepared 
samples to ensure, uniformity 

4976
04:26:39,800 --> 04:26:44,400
using x-ray, diffraction to 
decode TMV Rod, like structure. 

4977
04:26:45,300 --> 04:26:47,700
The teamed up with Aaron klug 
and others, methodically 

4978
04:26:47,700 --> 04:26:51,200
interpreting diffraction 
patterns even as a smaller lab 

4979
04:26:51,200 --> 04:26:53,900
birkbeck. 
Became a Haven where frankly 

4980
04:26:53,900 --> 04:26:56,300
could shake projects by her 
exacting standards. 

4981
04:26:56,300 --> 04:26:58,600
She still carried scars from 
King's College. 

4982
04:26:59,300 --> 04:27:02,600
Someone wondered why she had 
shifted from DNA to viruses but 

4983
04:27:02,600 --> 04:27:05,900
frankly impressed forward. 
Drawing parallels to her earlier

4984
04:27:05,900 --> 04:27:07,800
work. 
She again, insisted on 

4985
04:27:07,800 --> 04:27:11,100
data-driven analysis. 
Never rushing to publish before 

4986
04:27:11,100 --> 04:27:14,600
confirming every detail. 
Her lab environment combined 

4987
04:27:14,600 --> 04:27:18,300
intensity with a collaborative 
Spirit, offering trainees and 

4988
04:27:18,300 --> 04:27:21,100
unparalleled education. 
And crystallographic rigor. 

4989
04:27:21,800 --> 04:27:26,000
Between 1954 and 1955, 
Franklin's group made steady 

4990
04:27:26,000 --> 04:27:29,500
gains, they confirmed TMZ 
protein subunits arranged in 

4991
04:27:29,508 --> 04:27:31,300
repeating units around the 
viral. 

4992
04:27:31,300 --> 04:27:35,300
RNA these findings though, less 
glamorous than the double helix 

4993
04:27:35,300 --> 04:27:39,500
garnered respect among 
structural biologists unfazed by

4994
04:27:39,500 --> 04:27:43,000
the overshadowing DNA narrative,
Franklin kept expanding her 

4995
04:27:43,000 --> 04:27:45,700
scope, she ventured into 
spherical viruses. 

4996
04:27:45,700 --> 04:27:49,100
Hypothesizing that structural 
symmetry might unify diverse 

4997
04:27:49,100 --> 04:27:53,200
pathogens her reputation grew, 
and she presented at conferences

4998
04:27:53,200 --> 04:27:56,800
describing how the same methods 
that had illuminated DNA. 

4999
04:27:56,800 --> 04:28:01,200
Could unpack viral, design 
publicly, Watson and Crick 

5000
04:28:01,200 --> 04:28:05,500
dominated headlines. 
But within crystals, franklyn 

5001
04:28:05,500 --> 04:28:06,800
was acknowledged as a leading 
figure. 

5002
04:28:07,600 --> 04:28:10,600
She rarely spoke of the DNA 
controversy, though, colleague 

5003
04:28:10,600 --> 04:28:14,200
sensed unresolved feelings. 
Instead she concentrated on 

5004
04:28:14,200 --> 04:28:18,900
perfecting viral data, believing
scientific progress mattered, 

5005
04:28:18,900 --> 04:28:24,800
more than personal credit. 
Outside, the lab, franklyn led a

5006
04:28:24,800 --> 04:28:27,200
quiet life. 
She enjoyed travel and found 

5007
04:28:27,200 --> 04:28:30,000
respite in the outdoors. 
But her main passion remained, 

5008
04:28:30,000 --> 04:28:33,400
the quest of visualize 
biological structures, funding 

5009
04:28:33,400 --> 04:28:35,900
was tight and she often lobbied 
for Grants to buy better 

5010
04:28:35,900 --> 04:28:38,200
equipment. 
Each new insight. 

5011
04:28:38,200 --> 04:28:41,200
Strengthened her conviction that
viruses small yet. 

5012
04:28:41,200 --> 04:28:44,000
Formidable merited. 
The same painstaking. 

5013
04:28:44,000 --> 04:28:48,700
Scrutiny as dim By 1956, her 
work, expanded further, 

5014
04:28:48,700 --> 04:28:52,500
collaborators, like Aaron klug 
Advanced, diffraction analysis. 

5015
04:28:52,500 --> 04:28:56,200
Revealing intricate protein 
shells in casing viral, RNA 

5016
04:28:56,200 --> 04:28:59,000
Franklin, believed. 
These advances might guide 

5017
04:28:59,000 --> 04:29:00,900
future strategies against viral 
diseases. 

5018
04:29:00,900 --> 04:29:03,500
The thoroughness she had applied
to DNA. 

5019
04:29:03,500 --> 04:29:07,100
Now, propelled virology forward 
and accomplishment overshadowed 

5020
04:29:07,100 --> 04:29:10,300
by the double helix Spotlight, 
but crucial to understanding 

5021
04:29:10,300 --> 04:29:13,900
viral replication. 
Yet signs of illness emerged. 

5022
04:29:13,900 --> 04:29:17,900
She dismissed bouts of pain as 
stress and willing to slow down,

5023
04:29:18,800 --> 04:29:21,700
unbeknownst to her. 
She faced a serious condition 

5024
04:29:21,700 --> 04:29:25,600
that would soon escalate for the
moment research, remained her 

5025
04:29:25,600 --> 04:29:29,200
anchor, and she pressed on 
analyzing each image that 

5026
04:29:29,200 --> 04:29:31,300
emerged from her diffraction 
operators. 

5027
04:29:31,300 --> 04:29:34,500
Her dedication, ignited 
excitement at birkbeck. 

5028
04:29:35,200 --> 04:29:37,300
Motivating. 
Youngest scientists to follow in

5029
04:29:37,300 --> 04:29:41,400
her footsteps though. 
Watson Crick, and Wilkins gained

5030
04:29:41,400 --> 04:29:44,600
prizes and public. 
Adoration for DNA Franklin never

5031
04:29:44,600 --> 04:29:47,900
openly displayed Envy friends 
noted she remained Curtis about 

5032
04:29:47,900 --> 04:29:51,500
the double helix maintaining. 
The stance that data not 

5033
04:29:51,500 --> 04:29:54,700
politics fueled real progress in
her lab. 

5034
04:29:54,700 --> 04:29:57,600
She was known for forging new 
ground in virus structure. 

5035
04:29:57,600 --> 04:30:00,300
Determined that careful work? 
Would eventually earn its 

5036
04:30:00,300 --> 04:30:03,800
acknowledgment. 
Commit these virus studies. 

5037
04:30:03,800 --> 04:30:05,900
Franklin's, commitment, to 
Excellence. 

5038
04:30:05,900 --> 04:30:08,900
Never wavered. 
She had departed Kings to find a

5039
04:30:08,900 --> 04:30:12,000
more supportive environment and 
at birkbeck, she discovered 

5040
04:30:12,000 --> 04:30:15,400
purpose in unraveling new 
puzzles, the Breakthrough. 

5041
04:30:15,400 --> 04:30:18,400
She spearheaded may not have led
to Global headlines, but they 

5042
04:30:18,400 --> 04:30:21,500
contributed significantly to the
emerging field of molecular 

5043
04:30:21,500 --> 04:30:24,300
virology. 
All the while her health 

5044
04:30:24,300 --> 04:30:28,100
concerns simmered beneath the 
surface, she continued to travel

5045
04:30:28,100 --> 04:30:30,600
and lecture sharing insights and
forging collaborations 

5046
04:30:30,600 --> 04:30:34,900
researchers worldwide adapted. 
Her techniques marveling at how 

5047
04:30:34,900 --> 04:30:36,700
the same x-ray approach used on 
DNA. 

5048
04:30:36,700 --> 04:30:39,700
Could dissect viral architecture
each success. 

5049
04:30:39,700 --> 04:30:43,400
Confirmed her choice to abandon 
the fame of DNA and explore a 

5050
04:30:43,400 --> 04:30:46,900
less explored path. 
Rosalind Franklin's years at 

5051
04:30:46,900 --> 04:30:49,600
birkbeck stands as a testament 
to her resilience and 

5052
04:30:49,600 --> 04:30:52,400
intellectual Drive. 
Where others saw missed Fame. 

5053
04:30:52,400 --> 04:30:54,500
She saw a chance to deepen 
knowledge. 

5054
04:30:54,500 --> 04:30:57,200
On a frontier with vast 
implications for medicine and 

5055
04:30:57,208 --> 04:30:59,900
agriculture. 
This period defined her as more 

5056
04:30:59,900 --> 04:31:04,800
than the woman behind photo 51. 
She became a Leading Light in 

5057
04:31:04,800 --> 04:31:09,300
virus, crystallography advancing
an entire field through tireless

5058
04:31:09,300 --> 04:31:13,400
devotion. 
By late 1956, Rosalind franklyn 

5059
04:31:13,400 --> 04:31:16,200
could no longer dismiss her 
discomfort as mere fatigue. 

5060
04:31:16,200 --> 04:31:20,100
Severe abdominal pain center to 
a specialist where she received 

5061
04:31:20,100 --> 04:31:25,200
a stark diagnosis of varying 
cancer News of the disease, hit 

5062
04:31:25,200 --> 04:31:26,700
hard. 
She was only in her 

5063
04:31:26,700 --> 04:31:29,900
mid-thirties. 
With a thriving Lab at birkbeck 

5064
04:31:29,900 --> 04:31:33,400
and an unrelenting drive to 
uncover the secrets of viruses. 

5065
04:31:34,400 --> 04:31:37,500
She tackled the situation with 
the same uncovering 

5066
04:31:37,500 --> 04:31:40,500
determination that characterized
her scientific Pursuits. 

5067
04:31:41,200 --> 04:31:44,300
Franklin, underwent surgery 
followed by radiation treatments

5068
04:31:44,300 --> 04:31:46,700
that left her exhausted 
remarkably. 

5069
04:31:46,700 --> 04:31:49,900
She insisted on working whenever
she felt even a little strength.

5070
04:31:50,600 --> 04:31:53,500
Her laboratory colleagues 
witnessed a woman who despite 

5071
04:31:53,500 --> 04:31:57,100
obvious pain, maintained precise
standards and pressed forward 

5072
04:31:57,100 --> 04:32:00,500
with x-ray, diffraction 
experiments some urged her to 

5073
04:32:00,500 --> 04:32:03,700
rest, but she believed that 
meaningful research could serve 

5074
04:32:03,700 --> 04:32:06,600
as a form of hope. 
Both for her self and for the 

5075
04:32:06,600 --> 04:32:10,600
broader scientific Quest. 
Meanwhile, her research group 

5076
04:32:10,600 --> 04:32:13,300
continued, its progress on 
Tobacco mosaic virus. 

5077
04:32:14,200 --> 04:32:17,800
Aaron klug and John Finch helped
manage day-to-day tasks but 

5078
04:32:17,800 --> 04:32:20,100
Franklin remained the 
intellectual force behind the 

5079
04:32:20,100 --> 04:32:23,800
projects analyzing data from her
hospital bed, when necessary, 

5080
04:32:23,800 --> 04:32:27,900
she had always been meticulous 
but now her instructions became 

5081
04:32:27,900 --> 04:32:31,300
even more methodical. 
As if every experiment needed to

5082
04:32:31,300 --> 04:32:33,400
be double checked due to the 
uncertainty of time. 

5083
04:32:33,400 --> 04:32:37,300
Medical Treatments showed 
initial, promise Franklin's 

5084
04:32:37,300 --> 04:32:40,000
Health rebounded, enough for her
to attend conferences, and 

5085
04:32:40,000 --> 04:32:43,600
deliver lectures with renewed 
Vigor in early 1957. 

5086
04:32:43,600 --> 04:32:46,400
She traveled to the United 
States to discuss her virus 

5087
04:32:46,400 --> 04:32:50,100
findings there. 
Marveled at a Clarity of thought

5088
04:32:50,100 --> 04:32:52,900
and appreciated her, willingness
to share data and techniques. 

5089
04:32:53,700 --> 04:32:56,100
She returned to London with 
fresh ideas, for comparing the 

5090
04:32:56,108 --> 04:32:59,400
structures of different plant. 
Viruses convinced that a 

5091
04:32:59,400 --> 04:33:02,400
unifying principle might exist 
across various shapes and sizes.

5092
04:33:03,300 --> 04:33:06,400
Her perseverance garnered 
admiration from both peers and 

5093
04:33:06,400 --> 04:33:08,700
subordinates. 
Many had witnessed how 

5094
04:33:08,700 --> 04:33:11,700
overshadowed she'd been in the 
DNA story yet. 

5095
04:33:11,700 --> 04:33:14,599
Here she was forging new 
breakthroughs under the most 

5096
04:33:14,599 --> 04:33:18,500
challenging circumstances in 
private Frankling confessed 

5097
04:33:18,500 --> 04:33:22,099
occasional frustration about the
slow recognition for her virus 

5098
04:33:22,099 --> 04:33:25,599
work but she rarely let 
bitterness in to daily lab 

5099
04:33:25,599 --> 04:33:28,700
interactions instead. 
She strove to uplift, younger 

5100
04:33:28,700 --> 04:33:32,099
researchers, reminding them that
quality data was the Bedrock of 

5101
04:33:32,099 --> 04:33:35,700
scientific progress, that year 
she initiated a project 

5102
04:33:35,700 --> 04:33:38,500
examining. 
The polio virus structure though

5103
04:33:38,500 --> 04:33:41,900
it would be demanding. 
Polio remained, a global Health 

5104
04:33:41,900 --> 04:33:44,900
concern and Franklin hoped that 
precise diffraction studies 

5105
04:33:44,900 --> 04:33:47,200
might reveal new angles for 
vaccine development. 

5106
04:33:48,500 --> 04:33:50,200
She collaborated with 
researchers at other 

5107
04:33:50,200 --> 04:33:53,700
institutions coordinating sample
exchanges, and cross checking 

5108
04:33:53,700 --> 04:33:56,200
results. 
The effort required significant 

5109
04:33:56,200 --> 04:34:00,300
energy but Franklin refused to 
lower her standards by mid-19 

5110
04:34:00,300 --> 04:34:02,800
the 57. 
However, her health took another

5111
04:34:02,800 --> 04:34:06,800
downturn hospital visits became 
more frequent and her doctors 

5112
04:34:06,800 --> 04:34:09,099
suggested further treatments 
this time. 

5113
04:34:09,099 --> 04:34:13,300
The prognosis was darker She 
confided in a few close friends 

5114
04:34:13,300 --> 04:34:16,400
at meeting she feared, she might
not complete her most ambitious 

5115
04:34:16,400 --> 04:34:19,000
projects. 
Still, she held on to the lab as

5116
04:34:19,000 --> 04:34:22,000
her anchor juggling medical 
appointments with diffraction 

5117
04:34:22,000 --> 04:34:24,000
session's that extended late 
Into the Night. 

5118
04:34:24,800 --> 04:34:28,300
In August a sudden Improvement 
sparked renewed optimism. 

5119
04:34:28,300 --> 04:34:31,599
She joked with colleagues about 
planning a celebratory trip. 

5120
04:34:31,599 --> 04:34:34,900
Once she fully recovered letters
to friends abroad show her 

5121
04:34:34,900 --> 04:34:37,900
balancing gratitude, for 
extended life, with a scientists

5122
04:34:37,900 --> 04:34:41,200
inherent curiosity about her 
illness, she compared cancers 

5123
04:34:41,200 --> 04:34:44,900
Invasion to a virus, 
infiltrating a cell, In to 

5124
04:34:44,900 --> 04:34:47,300
observe and fight it with all 
the tools available. 

5125
04:34:47,300 --> 04:34:52,400
Yet the disease progressed 
relentlessly by Fall pain fled 

5126
04:34:52,400 --> 04:34:54,700
again and even routine tasks 
became difficult. 

5127
04:34:55,599 --> 04:34:57,900
Franklin's unwavering 
determination, masked? 

5128
04:34:57,900 --> 04:35:01,800
Its severity to most Outsiders. 
She drafted research notes from 

5129
04:35:01,800 --> 04:35:04,500
her bed, outlining next steps 
for her team. 

5130
04:35:04,500 --> 04:35:07,800
In an act of foresight, she 
delegated leadership roles 

5131
04:35:07,800 --> 04:35:10,900
ensuring that ongoing 
experiments wouldn't falter if 

5132
04:35:10,900 --> 04:35:14,099
she had to step away those 
around her admired, this quiet 

5133
04:35:14,099 --> 04:35:17,800
resilience, despite her personal
struggles, frankly never 

5134
04:35:17,800 --> 04:35:20,099
overlooked The Wider impact of 
her research. 

5135
04:35:20,700 --> 04:35:24,099
She viewed viruses as intricate 
pieces of nature with each 

5136
04:35:24,099 --> 04:35:27,300
Discovery serving as a crucial 
tool for comprehending disease, 

5137
04:35:27,300 --> 04:35:30,800
and safeguarding human lives. 
Observers found her courage 

5138
04:35:30,800 --> 04:35:33,599
extraordinary though. 
She rarely frame to herself as 

5139
04:35:33,599 --> 04:35:37,000
heroic in her view. 
She was simply continuing what 

5140
04:35:37,000 --> 04:35:39,400
she had always done. 
Methodically Gathering data 

5141
04:35:39,400 --> 04:35:42,400
refining conclusions and 
believing in the power of 

5142
04:35:42,408 --> 04:35:47,500
science to uplifting Humanity. 
As 1957 came to an end, Rosalind

5143
04:35:47,500 --> 04:35:49,500
Franklin, found herself at a 
pivotal point. 

5144
04:35:50,500 --> 04:35:53,500
A lab is brimming with 
fascinating research, on viruses

5145
04:35:53,500 --> 04:35:55,800
that may help unravel biological
Mysteries. 

5146
04:35:56,599 --> 04:35:59,500
She had a disease that no amount
of scientific rigor could cure. 

5147
04:36:00,700 --> 04:36:04,300
Early 1958 brought New Waves of 
uncertainty as Ross in 

5148
04:36:04,300 --> 04:36:08,099
Franklin's Health deteriorated 
yet within the birkbeck lab 

5149
04:36:08,099 --> 04:36:11,500
momentum persisted. 
She had established a system of 

5150
04:36:11,500 --> 04:36:15,200
shared responsibilities ensuring
that vital experiments continued

5151
04:36:15,200 --> 04:36:16,800
even if she needed 
hospitalization. 

5152
04:36:17,900 --> 04:36:21,700
Aaron others stepped up 
organizing data from the tobacco

5153
04:36:21,700 --> 04:36:25,300
mosaic virus and now the polio 
virus studies Franklin had 

5154
04:36:25,300 --> 04:36:28,300
launched despite her weakened 
State, she remained, mentally 

5155
04:36:28,300 --> 04:36:31,300
sharp offering guidance from her
bedside and carefully written 

5156
04:36:31,300 --> 04:36:34,400
directives. 
Franklin's presence was palpable

5157
04:36:34,400 --> 04:36:37,700
during her occasional visits to 
the lab sporting, a lab coat, 

5158
04:36:37,700 --> 04:36:40,400
over her frail frame. 
She would scrutinize the latest 

5159
04:36:40,400 --> 04:36:43,700
diffraction photographs pointing
out slight anomalies and 

5160
04:36:43,700 --> 04:36:46,400
symmetry or angle. 
Colleagues found it both 

5161
04:36:46,400 --> 04:36:49,599
inspiring and heartbreaking. 
Here was a world-class mind 

5162
04:36:49,599 --> 04:36:53,700
refusing to yield even as her 
body faltered She updated 

5163
04:36:53,700 --> 04:36:57,400
notebooks with unwavering 
clarity, as though the act of 

5164
04:36:57,400 --> 04:37:00,200
writing itself, could keep her 
Tethered to the work she loved. 

5165
04:37:00,900 --> 04:37:04,500
Her medical team, advised rest, 
but frankly impressed on citing 

5166
04:37:04,500 --> 04:37:07,700
not missed stubbornness, but an 
ethical Drive in her view. 

5167
04:37:07,700 --> 04:37:10,400
Scientific progress was a 
collective Venture. 

5168
04:37:10,400 --> 04:37:13,700
If her findings could improve 
the understanding of viruses, 

5169
04:37:13,700 --> 04:37:17,099
she owed it to the broader 
Community to see the through 

5170
04:37:17,099 --> 04:37:20,900
when friends, gently questioned,
whether it was wise to push so 

5171
04:37:20,900 --> 04:37:24,800
hard, she confessed that 
focusing on data helped Stave 

5172
04:37:24,800 --> 04:37:27,300
off despair. 
The lab was her Sanctuary. 

5173
04:37:27,300 --> 04:37:30,099
A place where logic and 
Discovery overshadowed 

5174
04:37:30,099 --> 04:37:34,800
personalizing anxieties One 
highlight came in February. 1958

5175
04:37:34,800 --> 04:37:38,599
a journal accepted. 
Her team's detailed paper on TMZ

5176
04:37:38,599 --> 04:37:42,099
structural transitions. 
Lauding Franklin's rigorous 

5177
04:37:42,099 --> 04:37:44,900
methodology. 
She allowed herself a quiet 

5178
04:37:44,900 --> 04:37:48,400
moment of satisfaction knowing, 
such recognition was hard won. 

5179
04:37:49,300 --> 04:37:51,800
A few days later she penned 
letters to collaborators 

5180
04:37:51,800 --> 04:37:54,300
proposing further investigations
into spherical. 

5181
04:37:54,300 --> 04:37:57,900
Virus shells, though, physically
diminished her intellectual 

5182
04:37:57,900 --> 04:38:00,500
curiosity knew no bounds 
outside. 

5183
04:38:00,500 --> 04:38:03,500
The lab Franklin's closed Circle
began preparing for the 

5184
04:38:03,500 --> 04:38:08,000
possibility of bad news. 
Her father Ellis had passed away

5185
04:38:08,000 --> 04:38:11,300
years earlier, but extended 
family members rallied around 

5186
04:38:11,300 --> 04:38:15,400
her, she maintained stoicism 
rarely discussing prognosis. 

5187
04:38:15,400 --> 04:38:19,300
Instead, she inquired about 
others well-being, asked about 

5188
04:38:19,300 --> 04:38:22,599
the latest scientific gossip. 
A meticulously planned, the next

5189
04:38:22,599 --> 04:38:25,800
steps for her virus research. 
In quieter moments. 

5190
04:38:25,800 --> 04:38:29,500
She reflected on how a woman 
wants overshadowed in the DNA 

5191
04:38:29,500 --> 04:38:33,200
Saga had found renewed purpose. 
She never openly declared 

5192
04:38:33,200 --> 04:38:35,400
regret. 
Though, some friends, perceived,

5193
04:38:35,400 --> 04:38:37,900
a lingering sadness that she 
might not see the end of certain

5194
04:38:37,900 --> 04:38:40,599
viral. 
Inquiries rumors circulated 

5195
04:38:40,599 --> 04:38:43,800
about potential nominations for 
significant Awards, though. 

5196
04:38:43,800 --> 04:38:46,800
Watson Crick, and Wilkins had 
gained Global Fame. 

5197
04:38:46,800 --> 04:38:50,200
A few scientific bodies. 
Recognized Franklins independent

5198
04:38:50,200 --> 04:38:53,099
contributions. 
Nothing concrete materialized. 

5199
04:38:53,099 --> 04:38:57,099
However And she expressed little
interest in accolades, she 

5200
04:38:57,099 --> 04:38:59,400
believed real achievement lay in
the data itself. 

5201
04:39:00,300 --> 04:39:03,400
The patterns, the angles, the 
consistent results that built a 

5202
04:39:03,400 --> 04:39:07,200
foundation for future work. 
As spring approached her 

5203
04:39:07,200 --> 04:39:10,500
symptoms worsened. 
Sharp pains returned and another

5204
04:39:10,500 --> 04:39:14,400
surgery was scheduled this time 
medical intervention offered 

5205
04:39:14,400 --> 04:39:17,700
diminishing returns Franklin 
faced the prospect that her life

5206
04:39:17,700 --> 04:39:20,599
might be cut short yet. 
She approached this possibility 

5207
04:39:20,599 --> 04:39:23,300
with the same methodical calm. 
She brought to her experiments. 

5208
04:39:23,300 --> 04:39:26,800
She revised her will setting 
aside funds for scientific 

5209
04:39:26,800 --> 04:39:30,200
causes and ensuring that certain
personal items went to Cherished

5210
04:39:30,200 --> 04:39:33,000
friends. 
She also took steps to safeguard

5211
04:39:33,000 --> 04:39:35,800
her research. 
Instructing clue and others on 

5212
04:39:35,800 --> 04:39:39,200
how to best archived her 
notebooks and X-ray films on 

5213
04:39:39,200 --> 04:39:41,900
excellent days. 
She still made brief appearances

5214
04:39:41,900 --> 04:39:45,100
at birkbeck. 
One morning in April, she 

5215
04:39:45,100 --> 04:39:48,700
examined new images of the polio
virus noting symmetrical 

5216
04:39:48,700 --> 04:39:52,100
patterns that hinted at a 
uniform protein Arrangement the 

5217
04:39:52,100 --> 04:39:54,800
conversation that followed held 
in hush Tone's. 

5218
04:39:54,800 --> 04:39:58,700
Behind a cluttered desk, grimed 
with excitement, she encouraged 

5219
04:39:58,700 --> 04:40:01,200
her colleague to pursue further 
refining of these samples 

5220
04:40:01,200 --> 04:40:04,600
convinced. 
The results might be pivotal Yet

5221
04:40:04,600 --> 04:40:07,300
by mid-april her hospital stays 
grew longer. 

5222
04:40:08,200 --> 04:40:12,300
In a final letter to a mentor in
Paris Franklin described a sense

5223
04:40:12,300 --> 04:40:15,500
of urgency. 
She felt every hour counted she 

5224
04:40:15,500 --> 04:40:18,700
signed off with a mixture of 
humor and resolve equipping, 

5225
04:40:18,700 --> 04:40:21,200
that illness might slow her body
but never her mind. 

5226
04:40:22,100 --> 04:40:25,300
The note ended abruptly 
suggesting that even writing had

5227
04:40:25,300 --> 04:40:28,300
become laborious. 
Still, the spirit that had 

5228
04:40:28,300 --> 04:40:31,000
guided her from Saint, Paul's 
girls school through King's 

5229
04:40:31,000 --> 04:40:32,600
College and birkbeck remained 
intact. 

5230
04:40:33,300 --> 04:40:36,400
She had consistently emphasized 
the importance of data over 

5231
04:40:36,400 --> 04:40:39,800
speculation. 
Now, as life's uncertainty is 

5232
04:40:39,808 --> 04:40:43,200
narrowed, she held to that 
principle more fiercely than 

5233
04:40:43,200 --> 04:40:45,700
ever, every experiment 
completed. 

5234
04:40:45,700 --> 04:40:49,500
Every photograph taken was a 
small triumphs over the 

5235
04:40:49,500 --> 04:40:53,300
frailties of The Human 
Condition. in that sense, she 

5236
04:40:53,300 --> 04:40:56,400
transformed her final months 
into a testament to Scientific 

5237
04:40:56,400 --> 04:41:01,600
dedication, a brief but shining 
era when personally to personal 

5238
04:41:01,600 --> 04:41:06,100
adversity bowed before the truth
Rosalind Franklin passed away on

5239
04:41:06,100 --> 04:41:09,800
April 16th, 1958 at the age of 
37. 

5240
04:41:09,800 --> 04:41:12,800
The immediate shock rippled 
through her colleague at the 

5241
04:41:12,808 --> 04:41:15,900
birkbeck and Beyond many had 
witnessed her stubborn fight 

5242
04:41:15,900 --> 04:41:19,700
against Illness, but news of her
death, still felt sudden as 

5243
04:41:19,700 --> 04:41:22,100
though a brilliant lighted had 
been snuffed out too soon. 

5244
04:41:23,100 --> 04:41:25,000
She had left behind half 
finished projects on the 

5245
04:41:25,000 --> 04:41:28,300
structure of viruses along with 
meticulously kept notebooks. 

5246
04:41:28,300 --> 04:41:31,900
That offered clues for future 
breakthroughs tributes poured in

5247
04:41:31,900 --> 04:41:33,500
from across the scientific 
community. 

5248
04:41:34,200 --> 04:41:37,500
John Desmond Bernal, lauded her 
unwavering Devotion to exacting 

5249
04:41:37,500 --> 04:41:41,400
research, Aaron klug who had 
worked closely with her publicly

5250
04:41:41,400 --> 04:41:44,700
credited Franklin's methods for 
pushing their studies of TMV and

5251
04:41:44,700 --> 04:41:48,200
polio virus forward. 
Even Morris Wilkins, whose 

5252
04:41:48,200 --> 04:41:51,200
relationship with Franklin had 
been tense, expressed regret 

5253
04:41:51,200 --> 04:41:55,700
that they never truly reconciled
in hushed conversations some 

5254
04:41:55,700 --> 04:41:59,300
recalled, how her DNA had been 
pivotal to Watson and crick's 

5255
04:41:59,300 --> 04:42:02,400
success lamenting that she never
saw the global accolades. 

5256
04:42:02,400 --> 04:42:05,900
That might have been hers under 
Fair, a circumstances outside 

5257
04:42:05,900 --> 04:42:08,900
these professional circles. 
However, the name Rosalind 

5258
04:42:08,900 --> 04:42:12,500
Franklin, barely registered 
Watson and crick's double helix 

5259
04:42:12,500 --> 04:42:14,600
model. 
Had claimed the Public's 

5260
04:42:14,600 --> 04:42:17,100
imagination. 
Casting other contributors and 

5261
04:42:17,100 --> 04:42:20,300
peripheral roles newspapers 
printed shorter, obituaries 

5262
04:42:20,300 --> 04:42:23,200
focusing. 
Mainly on DNA Pioneer dies, 

5263
04:42:23,200 --> 04:42:27,300
young offered, scant detail 
about her virus research in one 

5264
04:42:27,300 --> 04:42:29,200
sense. 
Franklins passing mirrored her 

5265
04:42:29,208 --> 04:42:33,300
life, vital work overshadowed by
allowed a narrative yet for 

5266
04:42:33,300 --> 04:42:36,000
those who understood At her 
impact, the morning came with 

5267
04:42:36,000 --> 04:42:39,900
resolve, Aaron klug LED efforts 
to preserve her virus samples. 

5268
04:42:39,900 --> 04:42:43,400
And continue her research lines,
he believed that Franklin's 

5269
04:42:43,400 --> 04:42:46,500
Legacy deserved more than a 
fleeting eulogy Scholars at 

5270
04:42:46,500 --> 04:42:49,200
birkbeck and elsewhere vowed to 
finish the tasks. 

5271
04:42:49,200 --> 04:42:52,300
She had begun analyzing the 
protein shells of various 

5272
04:42:52,300 --> 04:42:55,300
viruses and refining the 
diffraction method she'd 

5273
04:42:55,300 --> 04:42:58,600
pioneered in their hands, her 
notebooks became living 

5274
04:42:58,600 --> 04:43:01,700
documents, guiding new 
experiments and interpretations.

5275
04:43:01,700 --> 04:43:05,900
Meanwhile, Watson Crick, and 
Wilkins navigated a complex. 

5276
04:43:05,900 --> 04:43:09,100
Emotional space. 
The broader public saw them as 

5277
04:43:09,108 --> 04:43:12,200
the DNA triumvirate. 
Privately they acknowledged that

5278
04:43:12,200 --> 04:43:16,100
Franklins data, had accelerated,
their discoveries Wilkins in 

5279
04:43:16,100 --> 04:43:19,700
particular, hinted, in letters 
that he wished Circumstances had

5280
04:43:19,700 --> 04:43:22,800
played out differently. 
Yet the train of recognition had

5281
04:43:22,800 --> 04:43:26,800
long since left the station, the
Nobel Prize in physiology or 

5282
04:43:26,800 --> 04:43:30,900
medicine loomed on the horizon, 
franklyn no longer alive was 

5283
04:43:30,900 --> 04:43:34,100
ineligible under the rules of 
the Nobel committee leaving, 

5284
04:43:34,100 --> 04:43:36,400
many to debate. 
Whether her name would have 

5285
04:43:36,400 --> 04:43:39,800
appeared on that honor had she 
survived Franklins work on 

5286
04:43:39,800 --> 04:43:43,200
viruses, started to yield 
results in a distinct area of 

5287
04:43:43,200 --> 04:43:46,000
science. 
Structural insights cleaned from

5288
04:43:46,008 --> 04:43:49,100
her approach, informed the 
eventual, creation of vaccines 

5289
04:43:49,100 --> 04:43:52,200
and treatments, subsequent 
generations of researchers, 

5290
04:43:52,200 --> 04:43:55,900
delving into polio and other 
viral pathogens cited, her 

5291
04:43:55,900 --> 04:43:59,300
pioneering methods over time, 
references to Franklin's 

5292
04:43:59,300 --> 04:44:02,600
approach or Franklin's Precision
surfaced in published papers. 

5293
04:44:02,600 --> 04:44:07,300
In these specialized circles, 
her influence quietly grew yet 

5294
04:44:07,300 --> 04:44:10,700
in the popular imagination. 
Her role in DNA remained buried,

5295
04:44:10,700 --> 04:44:15,100
footnote the double helix story 
retold, him magazines and 

5296
04:44:15,100 --> 04:44:17,800
television specials. 
Typically highlighted the Eureka

5297
04:44:17,800 --> 04:44:21,000
moments of Watson and Crick. 
Rarely did they emphasize the 

5298
04:44:21,000 --> 04:44:23,200
behind the scenes images or the 
quiet researcher? 

5299
04:44:23,200 --> 04:44:25,500
Who died young? 
To her friends. 

5300
04:44:25,500 --> 04:44:27,700
The Lost was both painful and 
unsurprising. 

5301
04:44:27,700 --> 04:44:30,600
They recognized that history. 
Often favors the Bold 

5302
04:44:30,600 --> 04:44:33,100
personalities, who announced 
breakthroughs not the 

5303
04:44:33,100 --> 04:44:35,000
meticulous, mine's working in 
the shadows. 

5304
04:44:36,100 --> 04:44:38,800
Still, there were flickers of 
recognition, a handful of 

5305
04:44:38,808 --> 04:44:41,700
Articles, and scientific 
periodicals praised her for 

5306
04:44:41,700 --> 04:44:45,200
bridging chemistry in biology. 
Female scientists in particular,

5307
04:44:45,200 --> 04:44:49,400
found in frankly, in a model of 
perseverance, she had after all 

5308
04:44:49,400 --> 04:44:54,100
navigated a male-dominated field
with unflinching dedication, her

5309
04:44:54,100 --> 04:44:56,900
story suggested that Brilliance 
alone does not guarantee a 

5310
04:44:56,900 --> 04:44:59,600
claim. 
Specially when personal politics

5311
04:44:59,600 --> 04:45:02,600
and timing intervene in the 
months following her funeral 

5312
04:45:02,600 --> 04:45:06,800
Bernal include compiled. 
Her unpublished data releasing 

5313
04:45:06,800 --> 04:45:08,400
some of it and collaborative 
papers. 

5314
04:45:08,400 --> 04:45:12,400
These Publications helped, 
virology Advanced gradually even

5315
04:45:12,400 --> 04:45:15,400
though they didn't make the 
front page, Franklin's name 

5316
04:45:15,400 --> 04:45:17,400
appeared on the author lists a 
silent. 

5317
04:45:17,400 --> 04:45:20,100
Reminder that her drive and 
insight continued to shape new 

5318
04:45:20,100 --> 04:45:24,400
discoveries even Beyond her 
death. thus, Rosalind 

5319
04:45:24,400 --> 04:45:27,100
Franklin's, physical presence, 
vanished in the final tally of 

5320
04:45:27,108 --> 04:45:32,200
1958, but her methods and 
findings endured Scientists who 

5321
04:45:32,200 --> 04:45:35,000
encountered her meticulous? 
Records spoke of feeling her 

5322
04:45:35,000 --> 04:45:38,100
presence. 
Each measured angle each note on

5323
04:45:38,108 --> 04:45:41,000
humidity. 
Each reference to precise 

5324
04:45:41,000 --> 04:45:45,700
conditions in that Precision 
layering signature a blueprint 

5325
04:45:45,700 --> 04:45:48,100
for doing science with 
exactitude and Grace. 

5326
04:45:49,000 --> 04:45:52,300
The World At Large might have 
moved on but in small labs 

5327
04:45:52,300 --> 04:45:55,300
scattered across the globe 
Franklins influence quite 

5328
04:45:55,300 --> 04:45:57,000
quietly. 
Persisted seeding the 

5329
04:45:57,008 --> 04:46:03,400
breakthroughs Tomorrow. 
The decades after Rosalind 

5330
04:46:03,400 --> 04:46:07,800
Franklin's death, her Legacy of 
old in slow transformative ways.

5331
04:46:08,600 --> 04:46:14,000
During the 1960s and 1970s 
Watson Crick and Wilkins became 

5332
04:46:14,000 --> 04:46:16,900
household names. 
Culminating in their shared 

5333
04:46:16,900 --> 04:46:21,000
Nobel Prize in 1962. 
Franklyn admitted from that 

5334
04:46:21,000 --> 04:46:24,400
honor by both death and 
Circumstance remained largely in

5335
04:46:24,400 --> 04:46:28,000
the shadows of popular history. 
Yet among certain scientists, 

5336
04:46:28,000 --> 04:46:32,500
her reputation for precision and
perseverance, quietly, grew at 

5337
04:46:32,500 --> 04:46:35,500
birkbeck College, younger. 
Researchers carried on the virus

5338
04:46:35,500 --> 04:46:38,000
studies. 
She had pioneered Aaron klug's 

5339
04:46:38,000 --> 04:46:40,700
eventual Nobel, Prize in 
chemistry, recognized his work 

5340
04:46:40,700 --> 04:46:44,100
on protein nucleic acid 
complexes Pursuit. 

5341
04:46:44,100 --> 04:46:47,300
Deeply rooted in Franklin's 
methodology in interviews. 

5342
04:46:47,300 --> 04:46:50,200
He pointedly credited her 
meticulous techniques for 

5343
04:46:50,200 --> 04:46:53,500
guiding his path. 
References to Franklin's x-ray 

5344
04:46:53,500 --> 04:46:56,500
approach, began appearing in 
virology circles and 

5345
04:46:56,500 --> 04:46:59,100
acknowledgment, that her role, 
extended Beyond DNA. 

5346
04:47:00,000 --> 04:47:03,400
Still mainstream awareness, 
lagged school textbook, 

5347
04:47:03,400 --> 04:47:06,400
celebrated the double helix as 
Watson and crick's Triumph. 

5348
04:47:07,000 --> 04:47:10,800
Only a handful of paragraphs, if
any acknowledged Franklin's 

5349
04:47:10,800 --> 04:47:14,800
photo 51 or the King's College 
drama, a shifting social 

5350
04:47:14,800 --> 04:47:18,000
climate, however, sparked 
renewed interest in lesson, 

5351
04:47:18,000 --> 04:47:21,500
known, female scientists. 
Feminist Scholars and historians

5352
04:47:21,500 --> 04:47:25,400
began probing archival materials
determined to uncover the 

5353
04:47:25,400 --> 04:47:27,900
stories of women whose 
contributions had been eclipsed.

5354
04:47:28,900 --> 04:47:33,000
By the 1980s, a wave of 
re-examinations cast a spotlight

5355
04:47:33,000 --> 04:47:35,800
on Rosalind Franklin, 
journalists and academics, 

5356
04:47:35,800 --> 04:47:39,400
scrutinized correspondence, lab 
notes, and Memoirs. 

5357
04:47:39,400 --> 04:47:41,900
From her colleagues, they 
unearth the reality that 

5358
04:47:41,900 --> 04:47:45,000
Franklin had not just assisted 
but Been instrumental in 

5359
04:47:45,000 --> 04:47:48,500
unraveling today's structure. 
The evidence showed that her 

5360
04:47:48,500 --> 04:47:52,100
data shared with her full 
approval had crystallized Watson

5361
04:47:52,100 --> 04:47:55,200
and crick's thinking Popular 
media picked up on the 

5362
04:47:55,208 --> 04:47:59,300
controversy framing Franklin as 
the wronged heroine of the DNA 

5363
04:47:59,300 --> 04:48:01,300
Saga. 
While this characterization, 

5364
04:48:01,300 --> 04:48:04,400
sometimes veered into character,
it revived her name, 

5365
04:48:04,400 --> 04:48:08,800
simultaneously interest in her 
virus research, flourished among

5366
04:48:08,800 --> 04:48:11,500
Specialists. 
A new generation of molecular, 

5367
04:48:11,500 --> 04:48:15,600
biologists, rediscovered, her 
book back work, Amazed at how 

5368
04:48:15,600 --> 04:48:17,600
she tackled the complexity of 
viruses. 

5369
04:48:17,600 --> 04:48:20,900
With the same tenacity, she 
brought to dinner a series of 

5370
04:48:20,900 --> 04:48:23,700
papers analyzing her notebooks 
revealed that her approaches to 

5371
04:48:23,700 --> 04:48:26,800
sample, preparation, and 
diffraction analysis were 

5372
04:48:26,800 --> 04:48:29,900
decades ahead of their time 
Farmers suitable, researchers 

5373
04:48:29,900 --> 04:48:32,300
aiming to combat viral 
outbreaks, through inspiration. 

5374
04:48:32,300 --> 04:48:35,800
From her methods, demonstrating 
that her impact reached far 

5375
04:48:35,800 --> 04:48:40,100
beyond a single molecule. 
By the 1990s, Rosalind Franklin,

5376
04:48:40,100 --> 04:48:43,500
became a symbol for women in 
stem universities established, 

5377
04:48:43,500 --> 04:48:46,700
fellowships and awards bearing. 
Her name each designed to 

5378
04:48:46,708 --> 04:48:48,500
support. 
Female researchers in fields, 

5379
04:48:48,500 --> 04:48:51,800
like chemistry crystallography 
and molecular biology. 

5380
04:48:52,500 --> 04:48:55,700
Statues and plaques appeared at 
King's College London and in her

5381
04:48:55,700 --> 04:48:58,000
hometown celebrating her 
achievements. 

5382
04:48:58,900 --> 04:49:01,000
Though, many tributes still 
focused on DNA. 

5383
04:49:01,000 --> 04:49:02,800
The deeper picture of her 
broader. 

5384
04:49:02,800 --> 04:49:06,300
Scientific passion began to take
shape documentaries and books, 

5385
04:49:06,300 --> 04:49:09,600
offered more nuanced, portraits 
a brilliant scientist who 

5386
04:49:09,600 --> 04:49:11,300
navigated the Prejudice of her 
time. 

5387
04:49:11,300 --> 04:49:14,100
Worked herself to exhaustion and
died young. 

5388
04:49:14,100 --> 04:49:17,900
Leaving a treasure Trove of 
insights debate about ethics and

5389
04:49:17,900 --> 04:49:21,300
credit allocation continued with
some championing Watson and 

5390
04:49:21,300 --> 04:49:23,700
crick's accomplishments. 
While also ignoring the 

5391
04:49:23,700 --> 04:49:26,600
Injustice done to franklyn the 
complexities of her 

5392
04:49:26,600 --> 04:49:30,300
relationships at King's, her 
shift a book back and her brave 

5393
04:49:30,300 --> 04:49:32,500
fight against cancer, found 
their way into mainstream 

5394
04:49:32,500 --> 04:49:36,100
awareness painting, a portrait 
of a woman whose intellect 

5395
04:49:36,100 --> 04:49:38,500
defied the era's constraints 
today. 

5396
04:49:38,500 --> 04:49:42,400
Rosalind Franklins stands as a 
beacon of unyielding dedication.

5397
04:49:42,400 --> 04:49:46,600
Her story resonates with those 
who value Precision, resilience 

5398
04:49:46,600 --> 04:49:50,700
and collaborative respect 
Museums showcase her notebooks 

5399
04:49:50,700 --> 04:49:53,900
featuring the small details that
once seemed in consequential, 

5400
04:49:53,900 --> 04:49:58,100
meticulously labeled film 
plates, humidity, logs and 

5401
04:49:58,100 --> 04:50:00,700
carefully drawn diagrams each 
artifact. 

5402
04:50:00,700 --> 04:50:04,400
Testifies to her belief that 
every scrap of data mattered in 

5403
04:50:04,400 --> 04:50:06,400
academic circles Franklin's 
name. 

5404
04:50:06,400 --> 04:50:09,400
Now holds genuine weight. 
She is sighted not as a 

5405
04:50:09,400 --> 04:50:12,200
footnote, but as a Pioneer who 
bridged chemistry and biology 

5406
04:50:12,200 --> 04:50:16,200
Advanced crystallography and 
helped birth modern virology 

5407
04:50:16,200 --> 04:50:18,300
research. 
Initiatives. 

5408
04:50:18,300 --> 04:50:20,700
Encourage young scientists, 
specially women? 

5409
04:50:21,500 --> 04:50:24,500
To follow her example, embodying
curiosity. 

5410
04:50:25,400 --> 04:50:28,200
Discipline and the courage to 
question norms. 

5411
04:50:29,000 --> 04:50:31,900
The Ark of Rosalind Franklin's 
reputation thus reveals a 

5412
04:50:31,900 --> 04:50:35,000
broader truth recognition in 
science, can be capricious 

5413
04:50:35,000 --> 04:50:39,400
delayed or uneven what was once 
overshadowed can through 

5414
04:50:39,400 --> 04:50:43,700
persistent, re-examination rise 
to its rightful place, Franklins

5415
04:50:43,700 --> 04:50:46,500
data, lit the path for one of 
the greatest discoveries in 

5416
04:50:46,500 --> 04:50:50,600
biology and her virus research, 
paved the way for critical 

5417
04:50:50,600 --> 04:50:53,700
future breakthroughs. 
Generations after her, passing 

5418
04:50:53,700 --> 04:50:56,800
the full story of her 
contributions as come into 

5419
04:50:56,800 --> 04:50:59,300
clearer focus. 
And that her voice. 

5420
04:50:59,300 --> 04:51:02,100
Once muffled, now Echoes across 
labs and lecture Halls 

5421
04:51:02,100 --> 04:51:07,700
worldwide. and just like that, 
we've reached the end of our 

5422
04:51:07,700 --> 04:51:10,200
main story tonight, about 
someone who is truly brilliant 

5423
04:51:10,200 --> 04:51:14,300
with science, Hopefully, you've 
already drifted to sleep by now 

5424
04:51:14,300 --> 04:51:17,300
but if not, I know my insomniacs
when I see them. 

5425
04:51:18,100 --> 04:51:20,800
We got your back with stories of
different types in case this 

5426
04:51:20,808 --> 04:51:22,300
wasn't something interesting to 
you. 

5427
04:51:23,100 --> 04:51:26,100
I hope you have a fantastic day 
and get the best rest that you 

5428
04:51:26,100 --> 04:51:30,000
deserve. sleep peacefully, my 
friends and as always good 

5429
04:51:30,000 --> 04:51:46,900
night, 
Yes, 742 CE a prosperous city, 

5430
04:51:46,900 --> 04:51:50,600
state of Corazon, glittered 
under the Noonday Sun, the Nexus

5431
04:51:50,600 --> 04:51:54,000
for Caravan routes feeding, 
distant Empires Horrors, and 

5432
04:51:54,000 --> 04:51:57,600
thrived on the exchange of 
saffron, silk star, charts and 

5433
04:51:57,600 --> 04:52:02,000
rumors whispered behind curtain.
Delco's At its centered, a Grand

5434
04:52:02,000 --> 04:52:04,900
Marketplace, whose vaulted roof 
trapped, the daily bustle in a 

5435
04:52:04,908 --> 04:52:07,700
ceaseless, Echo Traders from The
Untold. 

5436
04:52:09,000 --> 04:52:13,100
His Antietam Tang China, the 
Abacus calafate and Beyond, 

5437
04:52:13,100 --> 04:52:17,600
mingled, amongst all stacked 
high with lapis, lazuli, dried 

5438
04:52:17,600 --> 04:52:21,700
fruit, and perfume, Sandalwood 
some hailed, it as a Marvel of 

5439
04:52:21,700 --> 04:52:25,100
Cosmopolitan life, where 
fortunes might pivot in a single

5440
04:52:25,100 --> 04:52:28,300
conversation. 
Among the people navigating, the

5441
04:52:28,300 --> 04:52:32,500
throng was career bint yazed a 
traveling scholar, whose lineage

5442
04:52:32,500 --> 04:52:35,700
traced back to the once renowned
zoroastrian Priests of Persia. 

5443
04:52:36,500 --> 04:52:39,600
Her face betrayed concentration.
As she studied hieroglyphic 

5444
04:52:39,600 --> 04:52:43,600
notations in a weathered scroll 
Unmarried and unconcerned with 

5445
04:52:43,600 --> 04:52:46,600
the expectations placed upon a 
woman of her station, she had 

5446
04:52:46,600 --> 04:52:49,500
roamed from one end of the Silk 
Road to the other piecing. 

5447
04:52:49,500 --> 04:52:51,900
Together knowledge that seldom 
found its way into the official 

5448
04:52:51,900 --> 04:52:55,700
annals the swirl of corazon's 
Commerce did not distract her, 

5449
04:52:55,700 --> 04:52:58,200
she focused on a lead, 
suggesting that rare 

5450
04:52:58,200 --> 04:53:00,600
manuscripts, had surfaced in a 
private collection near the 

5451
04:53:00,608 --> 04:53:04,900
city's Eastern quarter. this 
rumor if proven, true could 

5452
04:53:04,900 --> 04:53:07,400
illuminate corners of History, 
barely glimpsed by modern 

5453
04:53:07,400 --> 04:53:11,300
Scholars, Korea pressed deeper 
into elaborate of narrow Lanes. 

5454
04:53:11,300 --> 04:53:15,300
Behind the four main Bazaar 
Guided by coded map etched into 

5455
04:53:15,300 --> 04:53:17,800
her memory. 
Eager boy, is offered to carry 

5456
04:53:17,800 --> 04:53:21,000
her satchels for a coin and 
watchful guards in brass trimmed

5457
04:53:21,000 --> 04:53:24,800
uniforms each passerby. 
She brushed off all offers of 

5458
04:53:24,800 --> 04:53:28,300
help too many Watchers too many 
years at last. 

5459
04:53:28,300 --> 04:53:31,000
She arrived at a courtyard 
hidden by the Plain wooden door.

5460
04:53:31,000 --> 04:53:34,400
Its walls were plastered in 
cream white, while Vines, 

5461
04:53:34,400 --> 04:53:37,200
spiraled up lattices under hazy 
afternoon sky. 

5462
04:53:38,100 --> 04:53:40,500
Within that secluded Enclave 
student elderly. 

5463
04:53:40,500 --> 04:53:44,500
Bibliophile named kazem altalib 
his hands, trembling under the 

5464
04:53:44,500 --> 04:53:46,800
burden of a Slender volume Bound
in jade. 

5465
04:53:46,800 --> 04:53:49,600
Green leather, their meeting was
brief career. 

5466
04:53:49,600 --> 04:53:52,700
Offered him carefully wrapped 
objects fragments of ancient 

5467
04:53:52,700 --> 04:53:57,200
mathematics, tablets and covered
near Samick and in exchange 

5468
04:53:57,200 --> 04:54:00,700
kazem relinquished, the Jade 
bound text. you want her that 

5469
04:54:00,700 --> 04:54:03,400
certain circles would stop at 
nothing to keep these Pages 

5470
04:54:03,400 --> 04:54:06,400
hidden for they revealed 
knowledge rumored to disrupt any

5471
04:54:06,400 --> 04:54:10,000
Empire reliant on controlling 
scholarship She nodded Gravely, 

5472
04:54:10,000 --> 04:54:13,100
a custom to the Shadows that 
dogged rare manuscripts. 

5473
04:54:13,800 --> 04:54:16,400
Across the years, she had 
learned that truth took many 

5474
04:54:16,400 --> 04:54:19,700
forms each requiring, a subtle 
approach to keep it from 

5475
04:54:19,700 --> 04:54:22,000
Vanishing under official 
censure. 

5476
04:54:23,400 --> 04:54:25,400
Emerging once again, into the 
main Bazaar. 

5477
04:54:25,400 --> 04:54:27,800
Career carefully, hid, the new 
acquisition beneath her 

5478
04:54:27,800 --> 04:54:30,300
traveling cloak. 
She knew better than to linger. 

5479
04:54:30,300 --> 04:54:33,800
Horizons seeming, tolerance of 
foreign ideas, could transform 

5480
04:54:33,800 --> 04:54:37,700
abruptly of power shifted, 
Memory of burned Scrolls and 

5481
04:54:37,700 --> 04:54:41,100
harass scribes in other 
dominions haunted her, fueling 

5482
04:54:41,100 --> 04:54:43,800
her determination to preserve 
the text at any cost. 

5483
04:54:44,500 --> 04:54:47,700
She arranged with a local 
Caravan heading, Eastward its 

5484
04:54:47,700 --> 04:54:51,600
leader a woman named assume who 
had a reputation for outmaneuver

5485
04:54:51,600 --> 04:54:55,200
Desert Bandits. 
Without Illusions carrier 

5486
04:54:55,200 --> 04:54:57,800
recognize that partnering with 
such a skilled Merchants would 

5487
04:54:57,800 --> 04:55:02,700
cost her yet safety for the Jade
bound book was Paramount. before

5488
04:55:02,700 --> 04:55:06,000
the Caravan departed, Korea, 
paid her respects at a small 

5489
04:55:06,008 --> 04:55:10,000
Shrine dedicated to wise men of 
antiquity A single Candle, 

5490
04:55:10,000 --> 04:55:12,800
flickered by the altar, 
Illuminating offerings left. 

5491
04:55:12,800 --> 04:55:16,100
By Travelers praying for Clear. 
Roads, and fair whether she 

5492
04:55:16,100 --> 04:55:19,400
exhaled a silent oath that, she 
would not let ignorance, Devour 

5493
04:55:19,400 --> 04:55:20,700
the precious knowledge in her 
care. 

5494
04:55:21,400 --> 04:55:24,200
Beyond the city's Gates, lay an 
expanse of desert and studied 

5495
04:55:24,200 --> 04:55:26,200
with dunes and hammered by 
Fierce winds. 

5496
04:55:26,200 --> 04:55:30,400
But her route LED even father 
along Mountain, Trails rumored 

5497
04:55:30,400 --> 04:55:32,600
to house. 
Hidden monasteries and ephemeral

5498
04:55:32,600 --> 04:55:35,700
Oasis towns. 
The Unstoppable pulse of 

5499
04:55:35,708 --> 04:55:39,000
curiosity, drove her to press 
forward, regardless of perils 

5500
04:55:39,000 --> 04:55:40,700
that might look in the next Bend
of the road. 

5501
04:55:42,200 --> 04:55:45,300
Dawn arrived, painting the sky 
with ocher and salmon. 

5502
04:55:45,300 --> 04:55:48,600
Hughes carrier joined us soon. 
And the other Travelers at the 

5503
04:55:48,600 --> 04:55:51,900
designated meeting point where 
camel's braids and Donkey 

5504
04:55:51,900 --> 04:55:54,300
drivers prepared. 
Loads of Bali and dried fruit. 

5505
04:55:54,300 --> 04:55:58,400
The Caravan Synergy was 
immediately evident each person 

5506
04:55:58,400 --> 04:56:00,500
had a distinct tasks ensuring 
that. 

5507
04:56:00,500 --> 04:56:03,500
By the time, the sun fully 
breached the Horizon, they were 

5508
04:56:03,500 --> 04:56:06,600
on the move. 
Career walked near us soon, who 

5509
04:56:06,600 --> 04:56:09,500
shared glimpses of the terrain 
ahead and introduced carrier to 

5510
04:56:09,500 --> 04:56:13,400
the Caravans unspoken rules 
trust the signals ration, water 

5511
04:56:13,400 --> 04:56:15,600
meticulously, and never 
questioned. 

5512
04:56:15,600 --> 04:56:19,400
The necessity of midnight halts.
In these borderless regions, 

5513
04:56:19,400 --> 04:56:23,400
vigilance was currently. 
With the sun mounting, the 

5514
04:56:23,400 --> 04:56:25,900
Caravan snaked through a parched
plane dotted by Twiztid. 

5515
04:56:25,900 --> 04:56:29,400
Shrubs a hush fell over them. 
Broken only by the soft 

5516
04:56:29,400 --> 04:56:31,500
shuffling of hooves and the 
gentle clink of metal 

5517
04:56:31,500 --> 04:56:34,000
fastenings. 
Korea's thoughts drifted to the 

5518
04:56:34,000 --> 04:56:37,600
Codex, inside her bag, she had 
only glimpsed a few pages thus 

5519
04:56:37,600 --> 04:56:40,500
far intricate diagrams of 
planetary movement. 

5520
04:56:40,500 --> 04:56:44,000
Cryptic references to ancient 
empire that proceeded the 

5521
04:56:44,000 --> 04:56:47,100
footnote scrolled in an 
unfamiliar script. 

5522
04:56:48,300 --> 04:56:51,500
These writings expanded, the 
known timeline of advanced to 

5523
04:56:51,500 --> 04:56:55,000
astronomy by centuries. 
She resolved to study every 

5524
04:56:55,000 --> 04:56:57,000
page, once the Caravan reached a
safe haven. 

5525
04:56:58,000 --> 04:57:01,200
Of soon, signaled, a halt near a
cluster of sunct Boulders 

5526
04:57:01,200 --> 04:57:04,100
granting the group respite from 
the crushing midday Heat. 

5527
04:57:04,900 --> 04:57:08,300
While some dosed in makeshift 
shade, Korea took cautious sips,

5528
04:57:08,300 --> 04:57:11,500
from her water skin, feeling the
dryness cling to her throat, 

5529
04:57:11,500 --> 04:57:14,800
arrest listlessness stirred, 
within her equal parts, 

5530
04:57:14,800 --> 04:57:19,100
excitement and anxiety. 
She replied Chasm, Al talibi 

5531
04:57:19,100 --> 04:57:22,800
warning. powerful figures had an
interest in ensuring no one 

5532
04:57:22,800 --> 04:57:26,100
deciphered the text for them 
knowledge was a finite resource 

5533
04:57:26,100 --> 04:57:30,700
Best Kept under strict watch As 
a swirl of wind kicked sand 

5534
04:57:30,700 --> 04:57:32,300
across her path, carrier 
gripped. 

5535
04:57:32,300 --> 04:57:35,900
Her Satchel silently vowing. 
She would not be silenced by 

5536
04:57:35,900 --> 04:57:38,000
Twilight. 
The Caravan approached, a modest

5537
04:57:38,000 --> 04:57:41,400
Oasis lined with date palms that
cast Long Shadows across 

5538
04:57:41,400 --> 04:57:44,400
Stillwater. 
Soon, guided her camel's into a 

5539
04:57:44,408 --> 04:57:46,800
semi-circle forming. 
A protective barrier against 

5540
04:57:46,800 --> 04:57:49,500
stray Wanderers. 
Several Travelers set about 

5541
04:57:49,500 --> 04:57:51,900
erecting. 
Tents While others gathered wood

5542
04:57:51,900 --> 04:57:54,400
for small fires, that would ward
off the chill of desert night. 

5543
04:57:55,200 --> 04:57:58,300
Career found herself drawn to 
the water's edge, where subdued 

5544
04:57:58,300 --> 04:58:02,000
conversation Rose Among weary, 
Merchants some speculated about 

5545
04:58:02,000 --> 04:58:04,900
the political tensions, brewing 
in distant courts others 

5546
04:58:04,900 --> 04:58:06,500
lamented the rise in cost of 
salt. 

5547
04:58:07,300 --> 04:58:10,500
As Darkness settled, the Oasis 
took on another worldly. 

5548
04:58:10,500 --> 04:58:12,600
Hush. 
A crescent moon, glimmered 

5549
04:58:12,600 --> 04:58:15,600
overhead, Illuminating faint, 
outlines of crumbling Stone 

5550
04:58:15,600 --> 04:58:19,200
pillars suggesting an abandoned 
settlement from a forgotten era.

5551
04:58:20,200 --> 04:58:23,900
Under that quiet volt of stars. 
Korea couldn't resist scaning a 

5552
04:58:23,900 --> 04:58:26,100
few more pages of the Jade bound
manuscript. 

5553
04:58:26,100 --> 04:58:30,000
It's text merged in empirical 
observations with philosophical 

5554
04:58:30,000 --> 04:58:32,100
notes, referencing the grand 
Wheel of Time. 

5555
04:58:33,100 --> 04:58:35,600
She recognized a bleak 
references to astronomical 

5556
04:58:35,600 --> 04:58:38,500
systems older than the widely 
recognized ptolemaic model. 

5557
04:58:39,300 --> 04:58:41,900
If deciphered fully such 
knowledge, might challenge many 

5558
04:58:41,900 --> 04:58:44,100
assumptions cherished by a 
steamed academies. 

5559
04:58:44,800 --> 04:58:48,000
Meanwhile assume stepped away 
from the main group beckon and 

5560
04:58:48,000 --> 04:58:49,500
Korea to join her near a 
withered. 

5561
04:58:49,500 --> 04:58:51,900
Acacia. 
You Stand Out, Among our 

5562
04:58:51,900 --> 04:58:55,000
company, the merchant remarked, 
in a measured tone your eyes, 

5563
04:58:55,000 --> 04:58:58,100
never rest and you guard that 
bag as if it carries, the soul 

5564
04:58:58,100 --> 04:59:01,400
of a king Carrier. 
Wary of revealing too much 

5565
04:59:01,400 --> 04:59:04,800
offered that she was merely a 
scholar in trusted with a rare 

5566
04:59:04,800 --> 04:59:06,400
item. 
Of soon. 

5567
04:59:06,400 --> 04:59:09,500
Nodded but warned Korea that 
roving spies seeking Advantage 

5568
04:59:09,500 --> 04:59:12,200
for rival. 
Factions often infiltrated 

5569
04:59:12,200 --> 04:59:16,300
Caravans she suggested Korea 
remain Vigilant, especially 

5570
04:59:16,300 --> 04:59:19,700
given the extraordinary bustling
and Corazon where rumor traveled

5571
04:59:19,700 --> 04:59:22,600
like wildfire unable to sleep 
career. 

5572
04:59:22,600 --> 04:59:25,200
Lingard by The Embers of the 
fire after most Travelers are 

5573
04:59:25,200 --> 04:59:27,700
dozed off. 
He studied the swirling patterns

5574
04:59:27,700 --> 04:59:30,600
of the night sky, mindful of the
coated star, charts, and the 

5575
04:59:30,608 --> 04:59:33,600
manuscript. 
Passing Caravan sometimes 

5576
04:59:33,600 --> 04:59:35,500
recounted Legends of a hidden 
library. 

5577
04:59:35,500 --> 04:59:39,100
In the mountain city of varish, 
where lines of knowledge 

5578
04:59:39,100 --> 04:59:41,100
stretched back to centuries 
unknown. 

5579
04:59:42,200 --> 04:59:45,200
Carrier wondered if that Library
could fill the gaps in her text.

5580
04:59:46,000 --> 04:59:48,500
she believed the Jade bound 
manuscript might be only a 

5581
04:59:48,500 --> 04:59:51,500
fragment of a larger puzzle, 
It's scattered across the Silk 

5582
04:59:51,500 --> 04:59:55,100
Roads, shifting tapestry, 
morning unveiled, a horizon, 

5583
04:59:55,100 --> 04:59:57,900
brushed with Amber. 
And the Caravan proceeded along 

5584
04:59:57,900 --> 05:00:02,000
a rocky escarpment, overlooking 
a vast junefield rolling, slopes

5585
05:00:02,000 --> 05:00:04,800
of sand, rippled beneath the 
wind, like the surface of a 

5586
05:00:04,800 --> 05:00:07,700
living sea. 
At midday, they pulled for Water

5587
05:00:07,700 --> 05:00:10,600
rationed by a soon with practice
deficiency. 

5588
05:00:11,400 --> 05:00:14,600
Carrier noticed that one of the 
other Travelers a soft-spoken, 

5589
05:00:14,600 --> 05:00:17,800
man named Malik carried a small 
chest meticulously locked. 

5590
05:00:17,800 --> 05:00:22,000
He traveled with Perpetual 
worried to his features eyes 

5591
05:00:22,000 --> 05:00:24,200
darting whenever talked to 
rumors of desert. 

5592
05:00:24,200 --> 05:00:27,400
Raiders Secrets seemed to coil 
around each member of this 

5593
05:00:27,400 --> 05:00:29,300
assemblage as though no one 
ventured. 

5594
05:00:29,300 --> 05:00:32,900
These roads without hidden 
motives Late in the afternoon, 

5595
05:00:32,900 --> 05:00:35,400
the Caravan encountered, a party
of Horsemen. 

5596
05:00:35,400 --> 05:00:37,700
Flying. 
The banner of a minor warlord to

5597
05:00:37,700 --> 05:00:40,700
be in League with the Region's. 
Most feared Bandit, clairs 

5598
05:00:40,700 --> 05:00:43,700
tension crackled through the 
group as a soon halted. 

5599
05:00:43,700 --> 05:00:45,900
The Caravan waiting for the 
Riders to approach. 

5600
05:00:46,600 --> 05:00:49,500
After a Turks greeting, the 
horsemen rode on apparently 

5601
05:00:49,500 --> 05:00:52,500
uninterested in Conflict. 
But the encounter rattled 

5602
05:00:52,500 --> 05:00:56,200
everyone Career noticed as soon 
as posture remained rigid with 

5603
05:00:56,200 --> 05:00:58,600
caution long. 
After the Riders vanished, in a 

5604
05:00:58,600 --> 05:01:01,300
plume of dust, the merchant 
murmured about changing their 

5605
05:01:01,300 --> 05:01:03,500
root seeking narrower Trails 
less. 

5606
05:01:03,500 --> 05:01:06,400
Patrolled by predatory 
Chieftains that evening brought 

5607
05:01:06,400 --> 05:01:08,700
them to a narrow Gorge its 
walls. 

5608
05:01:08,700 --> 05:01:10,500
Towering on either side in 
Jagged ridges. 

5609
05:01:10,500 --> 05:01:13,600
As soon insisted they make camp 
in a sheltered Alcove 

5610
05:01:13,600 --> 05:01:15,200
half-hidden behind weathered 
boulders. 

5611
05:01:16,200 --> 05:01:17,800
By the flicker of firelight 
career. 

5612
05:01:17,800 --> 05:01:20,400
Finally delved into the central 
chapter of the manuscript? 

5613
05:01:21,200 --> 05:01:24,500
Strange, symbols Park, Kunia 
form, part and known script 

5614
05:01:24,500 --> 05:01:28,500
decorated the margins each sign 
a company by cryptic commentary.

5615
05:01:28,500 --> 05:01:31,600
The text recounted a 
civilization that mapped 

5616
05:01:31,600 --> 05:01:34,400
constellation in ways, 
contrasting, with every known 

5617
05:01:34,400 --> 05:01:37,800
chart. 
Diagrammatic lines in advanced 

5618
05:01:37,800 --> 05:01:41,000
geometry for exceeding, the 
standard calculation of her 

5619
05:01:41,000 --> 05:01:44,000
time. 
Just as Korea's pulse quickened,

5620
05:01:44,000 --> 05:01:47,000
at the Revelation, a cry, rang 
out near the edge of camp. 

5621
05:01:47,700 --> 05:01:49,100
She rushed towards the 
commotion. 

5622
05:01:49,100 --> 05:01:53,000
Heart pounding. 
Malik stood, trembling by his 

5623
05:01:53,000 --> 05:01:58,000
small chest, which now lay open 
his contents, missing Anguish 

5624
05:01:58,000 --> 05:02:00,700
colored his voice as he pleaded 
for help insisting. 

5625
05:02:00,700 --> 05:02:03,600
That something vital had been 
stolen, crucial letter from the 

5626
05:02:03,608 --> 05:02:06,000
governor of Basra hidden within 
that chest. 

5627
05:02:06,000 --> 05:02:09,300
After soon assembled, the 
Caravan members demanding, an 

5628
05:02:09,300 --> 05:02:12,900
explanation, tempers, flared, 
suspicions, circles and 

5629
05:02:12,900 --> 05:02:15,200
whispered accusations rippled 
through the script. 

5630
05:02:16,200 --> 05:02:18,200
Searching for Footprints beneath
Lantern light. 

5631
05:02:19,100 --> 05:02:21,800
They discovered evidence of at 
least two Intruders who had come

5632
05:02:21,800 --> 05:02:25,500
and gone Without a Trace. 
No sign indicated who among the 

5633
05:02:25,500 --> 05:02:29,400
might be an accomplice. theft 
underscored a sooner earlier 

5634
05:02:29,400 --> 05:02:33,300
warning in these transitory 
worlds, Secrets, attract cunning

5635
05:02:33,300 --> 05:02:36,600
opportunists carrier gripped. 
Her manuscript more tightly 

5636
05:02:36,600 --> 05:02:40,100
wishing to vanish inside the 
Labyrinth of lines and symbols 

5637
05:02:40,100 --> 05:02:42,900
that promised an era unbounded 
by Petty intrigued. 

5638
05:02:43,600 --> 05:02:46,100
Yet, she remained anchored in 
the caravan's tense reality. 

5639
05:02:46,100 --> 05:02:50,100
The road ahead felt increasingly
perilous and the cost of 

5640
05:02:50,100 --> 05:02:53,400
preserving knowledge seemed set 
to rise the following Sunrise. 

5641
05:02:53,400 --> 05:02:56,800
Found the Caravan subdued. 
Each member wary of neighbors. 

5642
05:02:56,800 --> 05:03:00,800
Who might conceal hidden agendas
Assume LED them out of the Gorge

5643
05:03:00,800 --> 05:03:03,300
at a Brisk Pace. 
Aiming to put distance between 

5644
05:03:03,300 --> 05:03:05,600
their group and whoever's 
orchestrated, the nighttime 

5645
05:03:05,600 --> 05:03:09,000
theft, a pale wind carried, the 
center of flint and dust, 

5646
05:03:09,000 --> 05:03:12,500
stinging eyes and chopping lips.
Their route. 

5647
05:03:12,500 --> 05:03:15,700
Descended along a dry River bed 
flanked, by stunted Tamarisk, 

5648
05:03:15,700 --> 05:03:20,100
shrubs offering scant protection
from the intensifying son Korea 

5649
05:03:20,100 --> 05:03:23,500
trudged installed since silence 
mindful that trust could be a 

5650
05:03:23,500 --> 05:03:26,300
luxury as midday Drew near they 
spotted. 

5651
05:03:26,300 --> 05:03:28,900
The remnants of a caravan serai 
built against the side of a 

5652
05:03:28,908 --> 05:03:31,700
bluff. 
It's once sturdy walls had caved

5653
05:03:31,700 --> 05:03:34,600
in and battered, archways led 
into Courtyards strewn with 

5654
05:03:34,600 --> 05:03:37,600
Fallen Timber as soon. 
Signaled, a cautious approach 

5655
05:03:37,600 --> 05:03:39,800
and certain where The Travelers 
are outlaws. 

5656
05:03:39,800 --> 05:03:43,200
Might be occupying, the ruins 
the group explored in pairs 

5657
05:03:43,200 --> 05:03:46,400
stepping over cracked tiles, 
littered with the Scorpion husks

5658
05:03:46,400 --> 05:03:49,900
know, living presence of merged 
though evidence of a hasty 

5659
05:03:49,900 --> 05:03:54,000
departure scattered. 
Coals torn blankets, suggested 

5660
05:03:54,000 --> 05:03:55,800
someone had sheltered their not 
long before. 

5661
05:03:56,700 --> 05:03:59,800
Since water was available from a
half collapsed system, have soon

5662
05:03:59,800 --> 05:04:02,300
decided they would rest on what 
remained of the car. 

5663
05:04:02,300 --> 05:04:05,800
Have answered his roof. 
Malik hovered by his broken 

5664
05:04:05,800 --> 05:04:08,900
chest sifting, through remnants 
of cloth as the searching for 

5665
05:04:08,900 --> 05:04:11,700
any clue. 
Career drifted away from the 

5666
05:04:11,700 --> 05:04:14,600
group drawn to an overgrown 
Courtyard where a dried 

5667
05:04:14,600 --> 05:04:18,300
Fountain, stood Vine's draped, 
its cracked base and trailing 

5668
05:04:18,300 --> 05:04:20,500
over carved motifs of 
intertwined serpents. 

5669
05:04:21,600 --> 05:04:23,700
Time and neglected worn away the
finer details. 

5670
05:04:23,700 --> 05:04:27,800
Yet a mysterious energy lingered
as though the place once echoed 

5671
05:04:27,800 --> 05:04:32,100
with conversation about Cosmic 
truths, Beyond mortal 

5672
05:04:32,100 --> 05:04:35,400
comprehension. 
She pulled out, the Jade bound 

5673
05:04:35,400 --> 05:04:38,800
book to scrutinize, a passage, 
describing the Four Points 

5674
05:04:38,800 --> 05:04:40,600
beyond the boundary of Earthly 
measure. 

5675
05:04:41,800 --> 05:04:45,100
The text postulated that certain
alignment patterns stars in 

5676
05:04:45,100 --> 05:04:48,000
specific, conjunctions allowed 
glimpses into knowledge 

5677
05:04:48,000 --> 05:04:50,600
unattainable through ordinary 
meanings. 

5678
05:04:50,600 --> 05:04:54,400
This notion was not entirely 
foreign given that many mystical

5679
05:04:54,400 --> 05:04:56,900
traditions in Persia and India 
spoke of cosmic Gates. 

5680
05:04:57,800 --> 05:05:00,000
Still the clarity of these 
instructions startled. 

5681
05:05:00,000 --> 05:05:03,800
Her the manuscript seemed less a
mere curiosity and more 

5682
05:05:03,800 --> 05:05:05,200
carefully. 
Constructed key. 

5683
05:05:05,200 --> 05:05:08,000
She wondered if others who saw 
it might comprehend. 

5684
05:05:08,000 --> 05:05:11,000
Its significance. 
Meanwhile after soon prepared 

5685
05:05:11,000 --> 05:05:13,100
spiced lentils and shared them 
among the group. 

5686
05:05:13,100 --> 05:05:15,400
Her gestures. 
Calm, yet determined, to 

5687
05:05:15,400 --> 05:05:18,000
maintain Unity tension. 
Still hovered. 

5688
05:05:18,000 --> 05:05:21,200
Like a low cloud with suspicions
that the thieves might be part 

5689
05:05:21,200 --> 05:05:24,400
of a larger plot. 
Over a sparse meal career 

5690
05:05:24,400 --> 05:05:26,400
gleaned fragments of each 
Travelers story. 

5691
05:05:27,200 --> 05:05:30,800
A textile Merchant returning 
from Cairo, a widow heading to 

5692
05:05:30,800 --> 05:05:32,800
Samarkand to meet his strange 
son. 

5693
05:05:32,800 --> 05:05:35,800
And amateur scribe, hoping to 
gain employment in the library 

5694
05:05:35,800 --> 05:05:39,600
of nishapur, nearby layer. 
She sensed each person guarded 

5695
05:05:39,600 --> 05:05:44,900
Secrets, born of loss and 
ambition or desperation As dusk 

5696
05:05:44,900 --> 05:05:47,800
fell Moonlight filtered through 
the Caravan sarai's gaps 

5697
05:05:47,800 --> 05:05:50,700
accentuating outlines of 
shattered pillars. 

5698
05:05:51,600 --> 05:05:55,700
The group huddled around, small 
fires soft conversation revolved

5699
05:05:55,700 --> 05:05:57,200
around the abrupt shift in 
weather. 

5700
05:05:57,200 --> 05:06:00,900
The possibility of encountering,
warlord, patrols and whether 

5701
05:06:00,900 --> 05:06:03,100
rumors of a plague in the 
western provinces were 

5702
05:06:03,100 --> 05:06:06,100
exaggerated, though. 
The chatter seemed ordinary 

5703
05:06:06,100 --> 05:06:09,200
career felt a current of urgency
running beneath it. 

5704
05:06:09,900 --> 05:06:11,900
Everyone. 
Understood the precariousness of

5705
05:06:11,900 --> 05:06:14,100
traveling, these roots at any 
moment. 

5706
05:06:14,100 --> 05:06:16,200
Violence storms, or human 
treachery. 

5707
05:06:16,200 --> 05:06:18,600
Could have literate, the careful
calculations of even the most 

5708
05:06:18,600 --> 05:06:22,500
disciplined Merchant. 
Restless career ventured into 

5709
05:06:22,500 --> 05:06:24,700
the courtyard. 
Once more, she ran her 

5710
05:06:24,700 --> 05:06:27,900
fingertips over the carved and 
using that knowledge itself. 

5711
05:06:27,900 --> 05:06:31,100
Often took the shape of 
something and winding capable of

5712
05:06:31,108 --> 05:06:33,800
Enlightenment, but also of 
Destruction, depending on who 

5713
05:06:33,800 --> 05:06:37,800
wielded it, Before she could 
lose herself in speculation, a 

5714
05:06:37,800 --> 05:06:39,600
subtle Motion in the archway, 
Drew her attention. 

5715
05:06:40,300 --> 05:06:42,700
She turned to see Malik shadowed
in Moonlight. 

5716
05:06:42,700 --> 05:06:46,700
His face still wore traces of 
Anguish he approached and in 

5717
05:06:46,700 --> 05:06:49,800
hushed tones apologized. 
If his Panic had disrupted, the 

5718
05:06:49,800 --> 05:06:52,500
Caravan stability. 
Then he posed a startling 

5719
05:06:52,500 --> 05:06:55,100
question. 
Is your book, truly worth 

5720
05:06:55,100 --> 05:06:58,500
risking your life. 
Korea hesitated. 

5721
05:06:58,500 --> 05:07:02,200
Contemplating her answer. 
She confessed that it's Pages. 

5722
05:07:02,200 --> 05:07:05,500
Might Safeguard insights from an
older civilization knowledge 

5723
05:07:05,500 --> 05:07:08,400
that could enrich the world. 
If studied openly, yet she 

5724
05:07:08,400 --> 05:07:11,800
recognized the hazards. 
No single text was worth a life 

5725
05:07:11,800 --> 05:07:15,000
unless it all contained the 
means to prevent greater harm 

5726
05:07:15,600 --> 05:07:18,600
Malik nodded revealing that his 
loss letter held the potential 

5727
05:07:18,600 --> 05:07:20,300
to end a trade blockade 
strangling. 

5728
05:07:20,300 --> 05:07:22,900
His hometown. 
Without it, he feared entire 

5729
05:07:22,900 --> 05:07:26,100
families would starve. 
They shared a poignant silence. 

5730
05:07:26,100 --> 05:07:29,400
Realizing each Bora heavy burden
for reasons that extended Beyond

5731
05:07:29,400 --> 05:07:32,600
self-interest. 
Her exchange was interrupted by 

5732
05:07:32,600 --> 05:07:34,500
a faint. 
Shout from afsoon, who was 

5733
05:07:34,508 --> 05:07:37,600
patrolling the perimeter, a 
silhouette darted across the 

5734
05:07:37,600 --> 05:07:41,700
ruins, then vanished behind a 
crumbling wall alarmed carrier 

5735
05:07:41,700 --> 05:07:44,700
and Malik hurried back to the 
main Courtyard, only to find the

5736
05:07:44,700 --> 05:07:46,200
rest of the Travelers on their 
feet. 

5737
05:07:47,700 --> 05:07:49,300
Intrusion. 
Lasted me a second. 

5738
05:07:50,300 --> 05:07:53,200
Confirmed the presence of 
Watchers, trailing them, the 

5739
05:07:53,200 --> 05:07:56,800
memory of the stolen letter, 
flared, in every mind Gathering 

5740
05:07:56,800 --> 05:07:59,900
her clothes, carry a recognized 
that Pursuit was inevitable. 

5741
05:07:59,900 --> 05:08:02,900
She could only hope that she 
carried would Outlast. 

5742
05:08:02,900 --> 05:08:06,100
The desert shifting alliances 
and the Relentless greed of 

5743
05:08:06,100 --> 05:08:09,500
unknown adversaries early the 
next day after soon, insisted 

5744
05:08:09,500 --> 05:08:12,700
they abandoned the ruin. 
Before Sunrise lanterns swinging

5745
05:08:12,700 --> 05:08:15,800
from camel Saddles, cast 
flickering halos in the pre-dawn

5746
05:08:15,800 --> 05:08:19,700
Gloom Career walked at the 
Caravans rear scanning, The 

5747
05:08:19,700 --> 05:08:23,300
Horizon for Silhouettes, she 
felt more exposed than ever 

5748
05:08:23,300 --> 05:08:26,700
especially with the manuscript 
drawing unseen eyes. 

5749
05:08:27,500 --> 05:08:30,900
A swirl of wind, rustled the 
sparse vegetation carrying the 

5750
05:08:30,908 --> 05:08:32,800
forlorn call of a distant 
jackal. 

5751
05:08:33,600 --> 05:08:36,400
Although no further Intruder 
appeared, the Caravans 

5752
05:08:36,400 --> 05:08:39,100
Collective nerves remained raw, 
their root. 

5753
05:08:39,100 --> 05:08:42,900
Now, wound through a series of 
Rocky Badlands, eroded Hills, 

5754
05:08:42,900 --> 05:08:46,400
tinted red and ocher rows around
them in Jagged formations 

5755
05:08:46,400 --> 05:08:48,200
reminiscent of a broken 
Amphitheater. 

5756
05:08:49,000 --> 05:08:50,900
At times. 
The path was scarcely wide 

5757
05:08:50,900 --> 05:08:53,200
enough for two camels to pass 
dust coated. 

5758
05:08:53,200 --> 05:08:55,900
Every surface clinging to 
clothes and creeping into water 

5759
05:08:55,900 --> 05:08:58,600
skins, The Travelers advanced in
single file. 

5760
05:08:58,600 --> 05:09:01,600
Each footstep measured Malik, no
longer shy. 

5761
05:09:01,600 --> 05:09:05,300
Kept pace with Korea, forging, 
an unspoken Alliance based on 

5762
05:09:05,300 --> 05:09:07,100
empathy rather than shared 
purpose. 

5763
05:09:08,100 --> 05:09:10,900
By noon, they reached an 
outcropping that afforded a 

5764
05:09:10,900 --> 05:09:12,700
sweeping view of the surrounding
valleys. 

5765
05:09:13,500 --> 05:09:16,800
Of soon pointed to a distant. 
Caravan crossing a ridge, its 

5766
05:09:16,800 --> 05:09:19,300
figures small as insects against
the harsh light. 

5767
05:09:20,100 --> 05:09:22,100
Better to let the move on 
without our paths. 

5768
05:09:22,100 --> 05:09:23,400
Into secting. 
She murmured. 

5769
05:09:23,400 --> 05:09:26,300
They might be Bandits or rival. 
Merchants. 

5770
05:09:27,200 --> 05:09:29,900
She had planned a side route 
that skirted known Bandit 

5771
05:09:29,900 --> 05:09:32,100
strongholds though. 
It meant trudging through more 

5772
05:09:32,100 --> 05:09:35,900
challenging terrain. 
No one objected safety trumped 

5773
05:09:35,900 --> 05:09:39,700
speed in these uncertain Wilds 
as the day wore on the punishing

5774
05:09:39,700 --> 05:09:43,300
Sun pressed down some Travelers 
began to show signs of heat 

5775
05:09:43,300 --> 05:09:44,800
exhaustion. 
Soon. 

5776
05:09:44,800 --> 05:09:47,400
A lot of extra water rations 
mindful that supplies were 

5777
05:09:47,408 --> 05:09:49,800
finite careers. 
Thought swirled with 

5778
05:09:49,800 --> 05:09:53,200
calculations how many days until
they reached an established town

5779
05:09:53,200 --> 05:09:56,700
with the manuscripts possible 
Revelations be worth the perils.

5780
05:09:56,700 --> 05:09:59,800
She reminded herself that 
knowledge had never come cheap. 

5781
05:10:00,700 --> 05:10:02,900
Officially not the kind that 
might undermine established 

5782
05:10:02,900 --> 05:10:04,900
systems of power. 
Still. 

5783
05:10:05,700 --> 05:10:07,400
She felt an undercurrent of 
apprehension. 

5784
05:10:07,400 --> 05:10:10,600
Unseen forces seemed to 
determined to intercept their 

5785
05:10:10,600 --> 05:10:12,800
path. 
Twilight offered a brief 

5786
05:10:12,800 --> 05:10:16,300
respite, a pitched camp at a 
plateau peppered with hearty 

5787
05:10:16,300 --> 05:10:18,700
desert. 
Shrubs wind woe through the 

5788
05:10:18,700 --> 05:10:21,600
Stony Hollows producing a low 
moan that set everyone on edge. 

5789
05:10:22,400 --> 05:10:26,300
This time of soon posted watches
in rotating pairs Korea 

5790
05:10:26,300 --> 05:10:29,100
volunteered for the midnight 
shift, hoping to glean some 

5791
05:10:29,100 --> 05:10:32,600
Solitude for reading When her 
turn arrived, she positioned 

5792
05:10:32,600 --> 05:10:35,700
herself near a small fire 
scanning, the Starlet Horizon 

5793
05:10:35,700 --> 05:10:39,000
while carefully turning pages of
the Jade bound kodaks. 

5794
05:10:39,000 --> 05:10:42,900
The dire Graham carefully Inked 
depicted, a swirling Cosmos 

5795
05:10:42,900 --> 05:10:46,300
dotted with unfamiliar 
constellation, The accompanying 

5796
05:10:46,300 --> 05:10:49,600
text mentioned, a geometry, 
bridging mind and universe 

5797
05:10:49,600 --> 05:10:52,400
though, the specifics remained 
cloaked in archaic jargon. 

5798
05:10:52,400 --> 05:10:55,500
She sensed movement at the edge 
of the firelight and grip the 

5799
05:10:55,500 --> 05:10:58,300
book protectively, but it was 
only an elderly Trader from 

5800
05:10:58,308 --> 05:11:02,000
their group, awakened, by 
coughing he approached nodding 

5801
05:11:02,000 --> 05:11:04,700
politely I see that you carry 
more than curiosity. 

5802
05:11:04,700 --> 05:11:07,300
He said, glancing at the 
manuscript glowing Pages. 

5803
05:11:07,300 --> 05:11:10,200
He spoke of his younger days 
when he traveled to a 

5804
05:11:10,200 --> 05:11:13,500
Mountaintop Sanctuary rumored to
house writings older than any 

5805
05:11:13,500 --> 05:11:16,000
Empire. 
The priest there, he claimed 

5806
05:11:16,000 --> 05:11:18,800
hinted that scattered relics 
across the Silk Road. 

5807
05:11:18,800 --> 05:11:22,600
Formed pieces of a grand puzzle.
He stopped short of elaborating 

5808
05:11:22,600 --> 05:11:25,600
perhaps wary of scaring. 
Her within probable myths, 

5809
05:11:25,600 --> 05:11:28,700
simply reluctant to resurrect 
memory is best left buried. 

5810
05:11:29,500 --> 05:11:31,900
Carrier nodded intrigued yet 
cautious. 

5811
05:11:31,900 --> 05:11:35,300
She had heard, variations of the
mountain, top Library, Tale in 

5812
05:11:35,300 --> 05:11:38,600
her Journeys. 
One version place to bet and 

5813
05:11:38,600 --> 05:11:40,200
other in the highlands of 
Persia. 

5814
05:11:40,200 --> 05:11:42,800
And yet another, in the 
Himalayas near the Indus 

5815
05:11:42,800 --> 05:11:46,300
regardless of location. 
The consistent theme was that a 

5816
05:11:46,300 --> 05:11:48,700
hidden repository of ancient 
texts might hold radical 

5817
05:11:48,700 --> 05:11:51,500
knowledge of mathematics 
medicine and astronomy. 

5818
05:11:51,500 --> 05:11:54,500
Could her manuscript be part of 
that Lost Legacy? 

5819
05:11:55,500 --> 05:11:57,700
she recalled hearing rumors, 
that certain references, 

5820
05:11:57,700 --> 05:12:00,300
connected the library's 
existence, to the taboo notion 

5821
05:12:00,300 --> 05:12:03,600
of cyclical time, where 
civilizations Rose and fell, 

5822
05:12:03,600 --> 05:12:08,200
repeatedly, each leaving fainted
Echoes for the next The elderly 

5823
05:12:08,200 --> 05:12:10,600
Trader coughed again and excused
himself to rest. 

5824
05:12:11,300 --> 05:12:13,200
Alone, career gazed at the 
Codex. 

5825
05:12:13,800 --> 05:12:16,000
Swirl of questions filling her 
mind. 

5826
05:12:16,900 --> 05:12:19,000
Just then a sharp whistle 
pierced. 

5827
05:12:19,000 --> 05:12:22,200
The night, are she sprang to her
feet have soon, came running 

5828
05:12:22,200 --> 05:12:25,000
sword in hand. 
A scout on the perimeter shouted

5829
05:12:25,000 --> 05:12:27,600
news of footsteps on the far 
side of the plateau, everyone 

5830
05:12:27,600 --> 05:12:30,800
scrambled for weapons. 
Adrenaline, surged within 

5831
05:12:30,800 --> 05:12:33,500
moments, The Intruders. 
Fled Vanishing, a swiftly as 

5832
05:12:33,500 --> 05:12:36,900
they derived leaving only 
Footprints of soon suspected. 

5833
05:12:36,900 --> 05:12:40,100
They were testing the Caravans 
defenses, tensioned sword 

5834
05:12:40,100 --> 05:12:41,900
though? 
No battle in sued. 

5835
05:12:41,900 --> 05:12:44,900
The message was clear someone to
track them with precision. 

5836
05:12:46,300 --> 05:12:49,000
As the group attempted to settle
back into assemblance of rest, 

5837
05:12:49,000 --> 05:12:53,100
Korea's mind, refused to quiet. 
She wondered if the vanished 

5838
05:12:53,100 --> 05:12:56,100
Intruders belong to a 
clandestine order or was simply 

5839
05:12:56,108 --> 05:12:57,700
Bandits with a knack for 
intimidation. 

5840
05:12:58,800 --> 05:13:01,500
Either way, the manuscripts 
significant seemed Amplified. 

5841
05:13:02,400 --> 05:13:05,000
In that uneasy Darkness, she 
cradled her precious book 

5842
05:13:05,000 --> 05:13:08,900
Feeling the weight of unspoken 
centuries pressed between its 

5843
05:13:08,900 --> 05:13:11,200
covers. 
The next day would bring new 

5844
05:13:11,200 --> 05:13:14,500
confrontations but for now she 
could only watch the flickering,

5845
05:13:14,500 --> 05:13:17,900
Embers and awake. 
The uncertain Dawn arrived with 

5846
05:13:17,900 --> 05:13:19,900
a brittle Clarity. 
That rendered every stone, 

5847
05:13:19,900 --> 05:13:23,600
ashram, and weary expression in 
sharp focus of soon wasted. 

5848
05:13:23,600 --> 05:13:25,200
No time. 
Ordering a quick departure. 

5849
05:13:25,200 --> 05:13:28,800
The Caravan assembled under a 
sky streaked with lavender and 

5850
05:13:28,808 --> 05:13:31,300
Rose. 
A fleeting Beauty overshadowed 

5851
05:13:31,300 --> 05:13:35,100
by a need for vigilance. 
Camels loaded, watch rotations 

5852
05:13:35,100 --> 05:13:38,600
decided they moved out following
a narrow winding track that 

5853
05:13:38,600 --> 05:13:40,400
descended toward lower 
elevations. 

5854
05:13:40,400 --> 05:13:43,900
The Arid are tasted metallic as 
if charged with pent-up tension.

5855
05:13:44,700 --> 05:13:47,400
By mid-morning the landscape 
began, transitioning to Hill 

5856
05:13:47,400 --> 05:13:50,400
Country, small streams fed by 
recent rains. 

5857
05:13:50,400 --> 05:13:53,400
Cut through the top, terrain, 
offering a chance to refill 

5858
05:13:53,400 --> 05:13:56,500
water skins. 
Travelers approached a shallow 

5859
05:13:56,500 --> 05:13:59,600
Creek, where reads rustled in 
the wind carrier noticed 

5860
05:13:59,600 --> 05:14:02,800
footprints in the Soggy Earth. 
A separate group had passed here

5861
05:14:02,800 --> 05:14:04,800
recently heading in the same 
direction. 

5862
05:14:06,100 --> 05:14:09,800
Soon scalded muttering about the
possibility of thin Mio. 

5863
05:14:09,800 --> 05:14:11,500
They might be trailing those who
had invaded. 

5864
05:14:11,500 --> 05:14:15,400
Their camps concern Ripple 
through the Caravan eager to 

5865
05:14:15,408 --> 05:14:17,400
stay ahead. 
After soon, pushed the group 

5866
05:14:17,400 --> 05:14:20,600
onward at a grueling Pace. 
Korea's carves ached as the 

5867
05:14:20,600 --> 05:14:23,900
trails exact between Rocky slope
and patches of thorny 

5868
05:14:23,900 --> 05:14:26,700
vegetation. 
In the distance, the outlines of

5869
05:14:26,700 --> 05:14:28,400
a fortified town on occasionally
emerged. 

5870
05:14:28,400 --> 05:14:30,600
Only to disappear behind Ridge 
lines. 

5871
05:14:31,300 --> 05:14:34,900
She guessed it to be garish. 
A midsize Trading, Post rumored 

5872
05:14:34,900 --> 05:14:36,400
to host. 
Pilgrims from the Indus region. 

5873
05:14:37,300 --> 05:14:39,900
If they could reach garrish by 
Nightfall, The Caravan would 

5874
05:14:39,900 --> 05:14:42,200
have a solid perimeter wall to 
Shield them at least 

5875
05:14:42,200 --> 05:14:45,100
temporarily. 
Eventually they spotted walls of

5876
05:14:45,100 --> 05:14:48,200
Pale Stone. 
Crowned, by watchtowers have 

5877
05:14:48,200 --> 05:14:51,000
soon signaled for calm, 
reminding everyone that unknown,

5878
05:14:51,000 --> 05:14:53,300
dangers could look within a 
walled town as readily as 

5879
05:14:53,300 --> 05:14:57,100
outside approaching the gates, 
they encountered a row of guards

5880
05:14:57,100 --> 05:15:00,500
wearing mismatched armor, After 
examining as soon as travel 

5881
05:15:00,500 --> 05:15:03,500
permits the guards allowed the 
entry in exchange for a modest 

5882
05:15:03,500 --> 05:15:06,100
toll. 
Inside the streets, were cramped

5883
05:15:06,100 --> 05:15:08,300
with stalls. 
Selling earthenware died, cloth,

5884
05:15:08,300 --> 05:15:11,600
and hammered bronze jewelry. 
The Aromas of grilled meat and 

5885
05:15:11,608 --> 05:15:14,500
fresh bread teased weary 
Travelers, but an undercurrent 

5886
05:15:14,500 --> 05:15:17,000
of weariness ran through the 
crowd of soon. 

5887
05:15:17,000 --> 05:15:19,400
Found a secure compound where 
the Caravan could rest 

5888
05:15:19,400 --> 05:15:22,600
stonewalls and closed to 
Courtyard that provided storage 

5889
05:15:22,600 --> 05:15:24,700
for the camels and a small 
stable for donkeys. 

5890
05:15:25,500 --> 05:15:28,500
Carrier anxious to clean any 
insight into who might be 

5891
05:15:28,500 --> 05:15:30,800
pursuing them ventured into the 
towns. 

5892
05:15:30,800 --> 05:15:33,900
Winding Lane Lanes. 
She discovered a Public Square, 

5893
05:15:33,900 --> 05:15:36,000
where men played strategy games 
on carved. 

5894
05:15:36,000 --> 05:15:40,300
Wooden boards, nearby, a cluster
of pilgrims chanted vs in a 

5895
05:15:40,300 --> 05:15:43,500
language unfamiliar to her amid.
These scenes rumors. 

5896
05:15:43,500 --> 05:15:47,400
Floated a band of masked Riders 
had passed through a day. 

5897
05:15:47,400 --> 05:15:50,300
Early asking about a certain 
traveling scholar. 

5898
05:15:51,100 --> 05:15:54,100
The mentioned, chilled her, she 
hurried back to the compound 

5899
05:15:54,100 --> 05:15:57,600
only to find Malik pacing by the
gate, fidgeting, with a Leather 

5900
05:15:57,600 --> 05:16:01,800
Pouch, he had overheard similar 
chatter strangers, seeking news 

5901
05:16:01,800 --> 05:16:05,300
of a woman carrying, forbidden, 
documents career realized the 

5902
05:16:05,300 --> 05:16:07,900
net was tightening. 
They still had a window to slip 

5903
05:16:07,900 --> 05:16:11,200
away, but not much of one she 
conferred with us soon, who 

5904
05:16:11,200 --> 05:16:13,300
suggested leaving kresh 
undercover of Darkness 

5905
05:16:13,300 --> 05:16:16,600
continuing East. 
Along seldom used back roads, 

5906
05:16:16,600 --> 05:16:20,100
although it entailed more risk 
weighting might let their 

5907
05:16:20,100 --> 05:16:24,400
pursuers converge. 
After Sunset, the Caravan packed

5908
05:16:24,400 --> 05:16:29,100
up stealthily torches were kept 
minimal camel Silence with calm,

5909
05:16:29,100 --> 05:16:31,300
handling. 
A hush enveloped them as they 

5910
05:16:31,300 --> 05:16:34,400
slipped through Garcia's, 
secondary gate bribing a night 

5911
05:16:34,408 --> 05:16:35,600
Watchman. 
Who scarcely? 

5912
05:16:35,600 --> 05:16:39,500
Looked at their faces outside 
the walls, Moonlight on the 

5913
05:16:39,500 --> 05:16:43,500
grassland, Carrier clutched. 
The manuscript absorbing the 

5914
05:16:43,500 --> 05:16:45,700
night's chill. 
She couldn't escape the 

5915
05:16:45,700 --> 05:16:48,900
conviction that her Mission had 
become a race one in which the 

5916
05:16:48,900 --> 05:16:52,800
cost of failure was a reputable 
loss, not just for her but for 

5917
05:16:52,800 --> 05:16:55,200
an entire lineage of knowledge 
that might vanish again. 

5918
05:16:56,100 --> 05:16:58,800
Guided by a soon's, careful 
planning, they pressed into a 

5919
05:16:58,800 --> 05:17:01,800
region of Rolling Hills shape by
centuries of flood and drought. 

5920
05:17:02,600 --> 05:17:05,400
Occasional clusters of Cyprus 
trees broke the monotony, 

5921
05:17:05,400 --> 05:17:07,400
crickets chirped in the 
darkness. 

5922
05:17:07,400 --> 05:17:09,500
The group maintained strict 
silence. 

5923
05:17:09,500 --> 05:17:12,100
Halting off into, listen for 
sounds of pursuit. 

5924
05:17:12,100 --> 05:17:14,600
Each time the night Breeze. 
Whispered through the brush 

5925
05:17:14,600 --> 05:17:17,400
carrier braced for a distant, 
hoofbeat or a flash of 

5926
05:17:17,408 --> 05:17:21,200
Torchlight yet hours passed with
no sign of the ambush. 

5927
05:17:21,800 --> 05:17:25,000
As the moon descended, they 
reached a shallow Ravine dotted 

5928
05:17:25,000 --> 05:17:28,900
with smooth ancient Boulders as 
soon called for a halt to rest. 

5929
05:17:28,900 --> 05:17:33,100
The animals carrier Found A Flat
Rock and sank onto it physically

5930
05:17:33,100 --> 05:17:34,600
spent. 
But mentally alert. 

5931
05:17:35,500 --> 05:17:38,400
She glanced at Malik, whose eyes
reflected, the same exhaustion 

5932
05:17:38,400 --> 05:17:42,000
mixed with defiance. 
The sky above them, showed the 

5933
05:17:42,000 --> 05:17:45,600
faint glow of approaching Dawn 
tomorrow or perhaps the next 

5934
05:17:45,600 --> 05:17:48,600
day, they would come upon the 
mountain route leading to Vara 

5935
05:17:48,600 --> 05:17:50,700
Ash, the rumored city of hidden 
monasteries. 

5936
05:17:50,700 --> 05:17:54,300
If the Caravan made it that far 
the Jade manuscript. 

5937
05:17:54,300 --> 05:17:57,000
Might finally find a place where
its Arcane Revelation could be 

5938
05:17:57,000 --> 05:18:00,800
deciphered without fear. 
But that hope remained fragile 

5939
05:18:00,800 --> 05:18:03,200
like a candle flame in a Gusty 
corridor. 

5940
05:18:03,900 --> 05:18:07,500
The first of mourning lit, the 
Ravine revealing Dusty grass and

5941
05:18:07,500 --> 05:18:09,100
scrub that offered little 
camouflage. 

5942
05:18:09,100 --> 05:18:13,200
We are really the Caravan 
assembled and continued mindful 

5943
05:18:13,200 --> 05:18:14,700
that speed was their best 
defense. 

5944
05:18:15,700 --> 05:18:18,300
Over the next hours, they 
traversed, rolling slopes that 

5945
05:18:18,300 --> 05:18:20,500
ascended, gradually into Stony 
Highlands. 

5946
05:18:20,500 --> 05:18:24,000
The trail grew hazardous lined 
with the loose gravel and sharp 

5947
05:18:24,000 --> 05:18:25,900
descends. 
Several times. 

5948
05:18:25,900 --> 05:18:29,500
A misstep, nearly sent a donkey 
tumbling into a Gorge the 

5949
05:18:29,500 --> 05:18:32,400
group's morale though. 
Frayed held steady under aphs 

5950
05:18:32,400 --> 05:18:35,500
firm Direction. 
Korea noticed the are thinning 

5951
05:18:35,500 --> 05:18:39,000
as they climbed accompanied by a
crisp coolness that sharpened 

5952
05:18:39,000 --> 05:18:42,400
her senses tiny Alpine flowers, 
clung to crevices. 

5953
05:18:42,400 --> 05:18:46,200
Their vivid petals are welcome 
contrast to weeks of unrelenting

5954
05:18:46,200 --> 05:18:49,500
dust From avantage point, 
overlooking a sprawling Valley, 

5955
05:18:49,500 --> 05:18:53,800
she glimpsed distant peaks in 
mysterious Haze locals called 

5956
05:18:53,800 --> 05:18:57,300
these the Thousand Year, 
mountains rumored to shelter, 

5957
05:18:57,300 --> 05:19:00,900
monastic Retreats older than 
recorded dynasties. the prospect

5958
05:19:00,900 --> 05:19:03,900
of reaching them, bolstered her 
spirit, even as her body, 

5959
05:19:03,900 --> 05:19:08,300
complained of fatigue, Near 
midday, the Caravan stopped by a

5960
05:19:08,300 --> 05:19:11,400
Riviera trickling through a 
rocky defile. while watering the

5961
05:19:11,400 --> 05:19:14,700
animals have soon and Korea 
consulted, a hand sketched map 

5962
05:19:14,700 --> 05:19:17,800
that indicated variously, two 
more days beyond the far ridges,

5963
05:19:17,800 --> 05:19:21,700
the path ahead would be even 
more treacherous cutting across 

5964
05:19:21,700 --> 05:19:26,000
unpredictable passes, sometimes 
blocked by landslides Korea felt

5965
05:19:26,000 --> 05:19:28,800
her heart, the quick and 
recalling rumors that entire 

5966
05:19:28,800 --> 05:19:31,200
Caravans had been buried by 
Southern Rock Falls in these 

5967
05:19:31,200 --> 05:19:34,600
mountains, yet the urgency to 
evade pursue as overshadowed 

5968
05:19:34,600 --> 05:19:38,100
every other fear. 
They pressed on the root turning

5969
05:19:38,100 --> 05:19:40,900
into a steep climb dotted with 
ancient stone markers. 

5970
05:19:40,900 --> 05:19:45,000
At each Switchback, carrier saw 
inscriptions worn by centuries 

5971
05:19:45,000 --> 05:19:48,400
of whether She paused to trace 
her fingers over a faint symbol 

5972
05:19:48,400 --> 05:19:52,300
a stylized Sun, encompassed by 
The intersecting circles, 

5973
05:19:52,300 --> 05:19:55,700
something about it resonated 
with the diagrams in her Jade 

5974
05:19:55,700 --> 05:19:58,400
bound codex. 
She made a mental note to 

5975
05:19:58,400 --> 05:20:00,800
compare them later. 
Suspecting these markers might 

5976
05:20:00,800 --> 05:20:03,500
be vestiges of the same 
civilization described in the 

5977
05:20:03,500 --> 05:20:07,200
manuscript cryptic pages. 
Whenever she glimpsed fresh and 

5978
05:20:07,200 --> 05:20:11,300
scriptions her curiosity, 
ignited a new late in the 

5979
05:20:11,300 --> 05:20:14,800
afternoon, the skies dark and 
ominously thunder rumbled among 

5980
05:20:14,800 --> 05:20:18,000
the Peaks and a biting, wind 
heralded and approaching storm 

5981
05:20:18,000 --> 05:20:21,000
soon urged. 
Everyone to hurry, they located 

5982
05:20:21,000 --> 05:20:22,800
a natural overhang near a rocky 
ledge. 

5983
05:20:22,800 --> 05:20:25,000
Providing partial Shelter From 
the elements. 

5984
05:20:26,100 --> 05:20:29,400
Reign Unleashed its Fury soon. 
After they took cover slamming 

5985
05:20:29,400 --> 05:20:32,300
the landscape In Waves, 
lightning to the sky, 

5986
05:20:32,300 --> 05:20:35,400
Illuminating ragged silhouettes 
of mountains, the downpour 

5987
05:20:35,400 --> 05:20:36,900
threatened to wash away the 
path. 

5988
05:20:37,600 --> 05:20:40,300
Huddled together, The Travelers 
watched rivulets, former cross 

5989
05:20:40,300 --> 05:20:43,000
the rocky ground carrying 
Pebbles and debris, downhill, 

5990
05:20:43,000 --> 05:20:46,600
the storm raged for hours, 
pinning them under the overhang 

5991
05:20:46,600 --> 05:20:51,300
career used the enforced pause 
to wrap the Codex, Sheltering it

5992
05:20:51,300 --> 05:20:53,400
beneath the canvas, she examined
the section. 

5993
05:20:53,400 --> 05:20:56,900
She had not yet deciphered 
focusing on references to a 

5994
05:20:56,900 --> 05:20:59,700
temple of Horizon's the text 
included, mathematical 

5995
05:20:59,700 --> 05:21:02,500
guidelines for charting star 
positions from an elevated 

5996
05:21:02,500 --> 05:21:05,100
Vantage. 
With each flash of lightning, 

5997
05:21:05,100 --> 05:21:07,800
she glimpsed the manuscript 
swirling lines and filter 

5998
05:21:07,800 --> 05:21:10,600
peculiar kinship, with those 
unknown Scholars from centuries 

5999
05:21:10,600 --> 05:21:12,700
past. 
They had once Brave, the 

6000
05:21:12,700 --> 05:21:16,100
Wilderness of ideas. 
Now in a literal wilderness. 

6001
05:21:17,000 --> 05:21:20,600
She carried their legacy. 
Eventually the worst of the 

6002
05:21:20,600 --> 05:21:23,700
storm passed leaving dripping 
rocks in a deep chill in its 

6003
05:21:23,700 --> 05:21:26,000
wake. 
The group decided to remain 

6004
05:21:26,000 --> 05:21:27,200
under the overhang for the 
night. 

6005
05:21:27,200 --> 05:21:30,200
Wary of slick, trails and 
potential landslides. 

6006
05:21:31,000 --> 05:21:34,300
By flickering lamp light. 
As soon distributed dried figs 

6007
05:21:34,300 --> 05:21:37,800
and salted lamb conversation, 
drifted from The Challengers of 

6008
05:21:37,800 --> 05:21:41,400
the climb to more philosophical 
musings, the futility of borders

6009
05:21:41,400 --> 05:21:44,100
in a land shape. 
By Millennia, the intangible 

6010
05:21:44,100 --> 05:21:47,900
line between faith and science. 
Malik spoke quite quietly of his

6011
05:21:47,900 --> 05:21:51,100
father, who had died under a 
tyrants regime while trying to 

6012
05:21:51,100 --> 05:21:55,000
protect valuable manuscripts. 
Listening to him Korea. 

6013
05:21:55,000 --> 05:21:57,600
Sensed that each traveler had 
been guided here by a longing 

6014
05:21:57,600 --> 05:22:02,700
for redemption or renewal. 
Sometime after midnight Korea, 

6015
05:22:02,700 --> 05:22:06,400
woke to the faint of footsteps, 
she inched toward the edge of 

6016
05:22:06,400 --> 05:22:10,200
their makeshift shelter, heart, 
pounding two figures hunched, 

6017
05:22:10,200 --> 05:22:13,500
low hovered near the animals. 
She recognized them as 

6018
05:22:13,500 --> 05:22:16,800
strangers, not members of the 
Caravan before, she could raise 

6019
05:22:16,800 --> 05:22:19,800
an alarm after soon, emerged 
from the darkness, like a 

6020
05:22:19,800 --> 05:22:23,800
phantom sword drawn, a thirst, 
standoff, ensued, broken, by 

6021
05:22:23,800 --> 05:22:27,100
frantic Whispers, The Intruders 
fled once they saw, they were 

6022
05:22:27,100 --> 05:22:29,800
outnumbered. 
The Caravans Travelers, now 

6023
05:22:29,800 --> 05:22:33,600
fully awakened spent the rest of
the night in guarded watch, cold

6024
05:22:33,600 --> 05:22:36,500
and uneasy with Dawn. 
They surveyed the sudden 

6025
05:22:36,500 --> 05:22:38,900
landscape. 
Landslides had ripped through 

6026
05:22:38,900 --> 05:22:41,800
parts of the trail, but it 
appeared possible with caution. 

6027
05:22:42,500 --> 05:22:45,400
Though, The Intruders had not 
returned the sense of pursuit 

6028
05:22:45,400 --> 05:22:49,400
remained acute carrier conferred
with a soon, both concluding 

6029
05:22:49,400 --> 05:22:52,900
that time was running short. 
If farash was Within Reach, they

6030
05:22:52,900 --> 05:22:55,500
needed to seize the chance 
before more enemies closed in. 

6031
05:22:56,300 --> 05:22:58,000
Hoisting packs onto weary 
camels. 

6032
05:22:58,000 --> 05:23:01,500
The group set forth again. 
The distant Peaks beckoned like 

6033
05:23:01,500 --> 05:23:04,600
game of witnesses and Korea 
whispered, a ferment hope that 

6034
05:23:04,600 --> 05:23:07,700
the city's rumored monasteries 
could offer refuge and perhaps 

6035
05:23:07,700 --> 05:23:10,200
reveal how to unlock the 
manuscripts deeper secrets. 

6036
05:23:10,900 --> 05:23:15,000
The final stretch to Vash proved
grueling narrow trails to 

6037
05:23:15,000 --> 05:23:17,100
mountain ridges. 
Overlooking Miss shrouded 

6038
05:23:17,100 --> 05:23:22,000
abysses, each step required 
vigilance At times, they paused 

6039
05:23:22,000 --> 05:23:25,400
to listen for rock falls in the 
distance markers of an unstable 

6040
05:23:25,400 --> 05:23:28,400
Terrain. 
The air grew thinner and breath 

6041
05:23:28,400 --> 05:23:30,600
came in short. 
Casts yet Beyond every 

6042
05:23:30,600 --> 05:23:33,400
precarious. 
Turn a new Vista opened Chris 

6043
05:23:33,400 --> 05:23:36,900
Lake's reflecting the sky hidden
valleys studied with 

6044
05:23:36,900 --> 05:23:40,500
wildflowers, the occasional 
Stone ruined perched on a Ledge 

6045
05:23:40,500 --> 05:23:43,900
like in ancient Sentinel. 
The extremes of this landscape, 

6046
05:23:43,900 --> 05:23:45,800
both awed and unsettled The 
Travelers. 

6047
05:23:46,600 --> 05:23:49,700
By late afternoon, the slopes 
relaxed into a wide Plateau 

6048
05:23:49,700 --> 05:23:54,500
rising from the plateaus Edge. 
Stood, varash enclosed by a high

6049
05:23:54,500 --> 05:23:57,300
stone Rampart. 
At first glance, the city 

6050
05:23:57,300 --> 05:23:59,000
appeared carved from the 
mountain itself. 

6051
05:23:59,000 --> 05:24:03,300
Its walls blending with the 
surrounding Cliffs Mists swirled

6052
05:24:03,300 --> 05:24:05,800
around parapets, creating a 
dreamlike vision. 

6053
05:24:06,800 --> 05:24:10,200
According to Legend barash was 
older than any recorded Dynasty 

6054
05:24:10,200 --> 05:24:13,400
built upon a site revered for 
its Celestial alignments. 

6055
05:24:14,400 --> 05:24:17,000
A hush fell over the Caravan as 
they approached the massive 

6056
05:24:17,000 --> 05:24:20,500
Gates inside the city's. 
Winding streets ascended. 

6057
05:24:20,500 --> 05:24:24,000
In tears houses with slate roofs
leaned against sturdy. 

6058
05:24:24,000 --> 05:24:28,100
Ramparts while Cobblestone Lanes
converged on a Central Square, 

6059
05:24:29,000 --> 05:24:32,100
Steam Rose from communal, baths 
that taped into natural, Hot 

6060
05:24:32,100 --> 05:24:35,700
Springs monks in dark, robes 
shuffled along the corridors 

6061
05:24:35,700 --> 05:24:38,100
carrying Scrolls tucked beneath 
their arms. 

6062
05:24:38,900 --> 05:24:41,800
Carriers census, ignited, at the
first glimpse of this 

6063
05:24:41,800 --> 05:24:44,300
environment. 
She could feel an undercurrent 

6064
05:24:44,300 --> 05:24:46,700
of scholarship humming through 
the city, like a Subterranean 

6065
05:24:46,700 --> 05:24:49,500
River. 
Potent, contrast to the chaotic 

6066
05:24:49,500 --> 05:24:52,600
markets of Corazon. 
App soon. 

6067
05:24:52,600 --> 05:24:55,300
Guided the Caravan to a spacious
Courtyard in used by trade 

6068
05:24:55,300 --> 05:24:58,100
emissaries soon. 
After settling career, excused 

6069
05:24:58,100 --> 05:25:00,900
herself and ventured into the 
city's upper levels following 

6070
05:25:00,900 --> 05:25:02,900
directions gleaned from a scribe
at the Inn. 

6071
05:25:02,900 --> 05:25:05,400
She was searching for a specific
Monastery. 

6072
05:25:05,400 --> 05:25:08,000
Library rumored to house ancient
manuscripts. 

6073
05:25:08,000 --> 05:25:11,400
Paralleling her Jade bound text 
crossing a series of stone 

6074
05:25:11,400 --> 05:25:13,000
bridges. 
That arched over narrow. 

6075
05:25:13,000 --> 05:25:15,400
Gulches she noticed the 
architecture, displayed 

6076
05:25:15,400 --> 05:25:19,300
recurring, motifs spiral, 
carvings geometric borders, 

6077
05:25:19,300 --> 05:25:23,000
reminiscent of the codexes, 
marginal designs at last. 

6078
05:25:23,000 --> 05:25:26,600
She arrived at a massive carved 
door flanked by statues of robed

6079
05:25:26,600 --> 05:25:29,700
figures, a discreet sign, 
identified it as the library of 

6080
05:25:29,700 --> 05:25:33,200
high windows inside. 
The atmosphere was reverential 

6081
05:25:33,200 --> 05:25:36,000
Golden Light. 
Filtered through stained glass 

6082
05:25:36,000 --> 05:25:39,200
windows, Illuminating shelves, 
stacked from floor to ceiling 

6083
05:25:39,200 --> 05:25:44,300
with Scrolls coated and tablets 
monks novices and a few Learners

6084
05:25:44,300 --> 05:25:47,000
travelers from distant lands. 
Moved quietly between reading 

6085
05:25:47,000 --> 05:25:51,400
alcoves, Harriet approached a 
Tall Bearded monk who introduced

6086
05:25:51,400 --> 05:25:54,700
himself as brother Kalam. 
With measured politeness, he 

6087
05:25:54,700 --> 05:25:57,500
asked her purpose. 
Carrier revealed her codex 

6088
05:25:57,500 --> 05:26:00,500
explaining in hushed, tones that
she believed it referenced in 

6089
05:26:00,500 --> 05:26:03,400
advance to astronomy predating 
recognize schools of thought. 

6090
05:26:04,400 --> 05:26:07,500
intrigued brother Kaylin led her
to a private study at chamber, 

6091
05:26:07,500 --> 05:26:10,800
lit by oil lamps There, he 
produced a set of meticulously 

6092
05:26:10,800 --> 05:26:12,800
preserved star charts and 
scribed on leather. 

6093
05:26:13,600 --> 05:26:16,900
To careers, amazement certain 
passages, aligned closely with 

6094
05:26:16,900 --> 05:26:20,900
the diagrams in her manuscript. 
Upon closer inspection, they 

6095
05:26:20,900 --> 05:26:23,500
found near identical glyphs 
representing cardinal points 

6096
05:26:23,500 --> 05:26:27,300
Beyond normal mapping. 
Brother Collins eyes glider with

6097
05:26:27,300 --> 05:26:30,000
excitement. 
These references appear in only 

6098
05:26:30,000 --> 05:26:33,100
are oldest records believed to 
have been copied from text 

6099
05:26:33,100 --> 05:26:38,200
salvaged Millennia ago. as the 
evening, deepened, a piece 

6100
05:26:38,200 --> 05:26:41,500
together, parallel lines of text
cross-referencing them with 

6101
05:26:41,500 --> 05:26:45,700
genealogies straw altars, and 
cryptic commentaries, The 

6102
05:26:45,700 --> 05:26:48,800
Synergy suggested that the Jade 
bound book might indeed be part 

6103
05:26:48,800 --> 05:26:52,000
of a nearly lost tradition. 
However, a vital section, 

6104
05:26:52,000 --> 05:26:55,800
remained missing, It was rumored
that a sister manuscript in a 

6105
05:26:55,800 --> 05:26:59,400
monastery, father East High in a
remote range where few ventured 

6106
05:26:59,400 --> 05:27:02,400
carriers Hearts sank. 
Knowing the road ahead, might 

6107
05:27:02,400 --> 05:27:06,500
hold even greater dangers yet. 
She also felt invigorated, the 

6108
05:27:06,500 --> 05:27:10,100
puzzle had grown more intricate 
weaving her fate with ancient 

6109
05:27:10,100 --> 05:27:12,000
Legacy that demanded 
guardianship. 

6110
05:27:12,800 --> 05:27:15,200
Upon returning to the image, she
found out soon and Malik in 

6111
05:27:15,200 --> 05:27:17,300
heated discussion with the rest 
of the Caravan. 

6112
05:27:18,100 --> 05:27:21,000
News had arrived at unidentified
Riders were poking. 

6113
05:27:21,000 --> 05:27:24,700
Around various Gates questioning
Travelers about a woman scholar 

6114
05:27:24,700 --> 05:27:27,300
and her prized artifact. 
There are rival. 

6115
05:27:27,300 --> 05:27:30,700
Here was no secret. 
For the moment, the city's laws,

6116
05:27:30,700 --> 05:27:34,000
prevented open aggression, but 
no one believed that protection 

6117
05:27:34,000 --> 05:27:36,700
would last indefinitely. 
Have soon proposed. 

6118
05:27:36,700 --> 05:27:39,300
They break the Caravan into 
smaller groups for anonymity, 

6119
05:27:39,300 --> 05:27:43,500
Malik pledged to stand by Korea,
recognizing that her success. 

6120
05:27:43,500 --> 05:27:47,500
Might Ripple far beyond personal
gain Under the Inn's lantern 

6121
05:27:47,500 --> 05:27:49,100
glow career. 
Shared what she? 

6122
05:27:49,100 --> 05:27:52,400
And brother Callan had uncovered
the group listened in solemn, 

6123
05:27:52,400 --> 05:27:55,100
silence and understanding the 
gravity of her discovery. 

6124
05:27:56,000 --> 05:27:58,300
Perhaps it offered a new 
perspective on the cosmos, 

6125
05:27:58,300 --> 05:28:01,300
perhaps it threatened structures
built on carefully, managed 

6126
05:28:01,300 --> 05:28:05,800
knowledge. either way, their 
pursuers would not relent, Still

6127
05:28:05,800 --> 05:28:07,200
career felt A Renewed 
determination. 

6128
05:28:07,200 --> 05:28:10,700
The tapestry of centuries had 
woven her path in to this 

6129
05:28:10,700 --> 05:28:13,500
moment. 
With the city of various as an 

6130
05:28:13,500 --> 05:28:16,100
unlikely Refuge. 
She now held a clearer vision of

6131
05:28:16,100 --> 05:28:19,700
the manuscripts purpose. 
Dawn would bring decisions where

6132
05:28:19,700 --> 05:28:23,500
the to remain to search for the 
sister text, or to Brave unknown

6133
05:28:23,500 --> 05:28:25,600
dangers. 
In that flickering moment of 

6134
05:28:25,600 --> 05:28:28,600
possibility, each traveler 
realized they had become part of

6135
05:28:28,600 --> 05:28:32,000
a tale larger than themselves. 
A sauger carried Along by 

6136
05:28:32,000 --> 05:28:35,800
caravan's forged in Hidden, 
libraries and destined to Echo 

6137
05:28:35,800 --> 05:28:38,500
across the shifting dunes and 
precarious peaks of time. 

6138
05:28:39,200 --> 05:28:43,300
In the year, 1162, amidst, the 
sweeping steppes of Mongolia a 

6139
05:28:43,300 --> 05:28:46,200
child was born into a world of 
cold winds and endless planes. 

6140
05:28:46,200 --> 05:28:49,500
This child named to mujin would 
grow to become the great 

6141
05:28:49,500 --> 05:28:51,600
Genghis. 
Khan the name that would Echo 

6142
05:28:51,600 --> 05:28:53,900
across history as the founder of
the Mongol Empire. 

6143
05:28:54,700 --> 05:28:57,600
But before he became a 
conqueror, he was simply a boy, 

6144
05:28:57,600 --> 05:29:01,100
born into struggle shaped by the
harshness of his environment and

6145
05:29:01,100 --> 05:29:05,000
the conflicts of his people, the
Mongolian steppes stretched far 

6146
05:29:05,000 --> 05:29:08,700
and wide, the vast expanse of 
grasslands, where the sky met 

6147
05:29:08,700 --> 05:29:11,800
the Earth in a seamless Horizon.
Life. 

6148
05:29:11,800 --> 05:29:15,300
Here was simple. 
Yet brutal nomadic tribes moved 

6149
05:29:15,300 --> 05:29:18,600
with their herds, living off the
land and surviving the harsh 

6150
05:29:18,600 --> 05:29:20,200
Winters and the scorching 
Summers. 

6151
05:29:21,100 --> 05:29:24,700
It was a world where strength 
loyalty and resilience for the 

6152
05:29:24,700 --> 05:29:28,400
keys to survival. 
To early years were marked by 

6153
05:29:28,400 --> 05:29:31,400
hardship. 
He was the son of yes, reggae a 

6154
05:29:31,400 --> 05:29:33,700
minor tribal leader and his wife
Hulen. 

6155
05:29:34,700 --> 05:29:38,400
Winter was just a young boy. 
His father was poisoned by a 

6156
05:29:38,400 --> 05:29:41,300
rival tribe. 
This sudden loss left his family

6157
05:29:41,300 --> 05:29:44,000
vulnerable and they were 
abandoned by their own Clan. 

6158
05:29:44,700 --> 05:29:48,100
His mother Holland to con the 
responsibility of raising to 

6159
05:29:48,100 --> 05:29:51,600
move in and his siblings alone. 
The family was left to fend for 

6160
05:29:51,600 --> 05:29:55,600
themselves on the open steps, 
relying on foraging hunting and 

6161
05:29:55,600 --> 05:29:59,700
sheer determination to survive. 
These early struggles forged a 

6162
05:29:59,700 --> 05:30:02,800
deep resilience into mujin. 
He learned to endure hunger, 

6163
05:30:02,800 --> 05:30:05,700
cold and the constant threat of 
violence. 

6164
05:30:06,600 --> 05:30:10,100
But he also learned the value of
unity, the importance of family 

6165
05:30:10,100 --> 05:30:13,600
and the need for loyalty. 
His mother's strength became a 

6166
05:30:13,600 --> 05:30:16,600
guiding force in his life. 
She taught him that survival 

6167
05:30:16,600 --> 05:30:19,200
required, not only physical 
strength, but also wisdom, 

6168
05:30:19,200 --> 05:30:21,400
patience and an unyielding 
spirit. 

6169
05:30:22,600 --> 05:30:25,500
As temujin Grew Older. 
He began to understand the 

6170
05:30:25,500 --> 05:30:27,500
fragmented world of the Mongol 
tribes. 

6171
05:30:27,500 --> 05:30:31,400
There were endless feuds 
shifting alliances and a 

6172
05:30:31,400 --> 05:30:34,900
constant struggle for power. 
He saw how disunity left his 

6173
05:30:34,900 --> 05:30:37,700
people vulnerable. 
He dreamed of something greater 

6174
05:30:37,700 --> 05:30:41,100
of a world where the tribes 
could be United, where the 

6175
05:30:41,100 --> 05:30:43,600
endless conflicts could be 
replaced with a shared purpose, 

6176
05:30:44,500 --> 05:30:47,300
But before he could realize this
Vision, he faced countless 

6177
05:30:47,300 --> 05:30:50,400
challenges. 
Trail was a constant threat. 

6178
05:30:51,200 --> 05:30:54,200
One of his closest friends 
Jamaica who had once sworn 

6179
05:30:54,200 --> 05:30:56,700
Brotherhood with him would later
become his rivalry. 

6180
05:30:57,700 --> 05:31:02,000
Jeans path was marked by moments
of capture imprisonment and 

6181
05:31:02,000 --> 05:31:05,000
Escape each setback. 
Hardened his resolve. 

6182
05:31:05,000 --> 05:31:08,900
He believed that strength was 
found not just in the sword but 

6183
05:31:08,900 --> 05:31:13,800
in the unity of purpose and 
loyalty In time temujin began to

6184
05:31:13,800 --> 05:31:15,500
gather followers who saw his 
vision. 

6185
05:31:16,000 --> 05:31:19,000
He was not just a warrior, he 
was a leader who understood 

6186
05:31:19,000 --> 05:31:21,600
people. 
He rewarded loyalty and Merit 

6187
05:31:21,600 --> 05:31:24,900
rather than noble, birth a 
revolutionary idea in a world 

6188
05:31:24,900 --> 05:31:28,600
Bound by tradition. 
His reputation grew and more 

6189
05:31:28,600 --> 05:31:30,400
tribes pledged their allegiance 
to him. 

6190
05:31:30,400 --> 05:31:34,600
His ability to inspire to 
strategize and to adapt set him 

6191
05:31:34,600 --> 05:31:38,000
apart. 
He was relentless determined and

6192
05:31:38,000 --> 05:31:41,900
focused on a single goal to 
unite the Mongol tribes under 

6193
05:31:41,900 --> 05:31:46,000
one Banner. 
In 1206 after years of battles 

6194
05:31:46,000 --> 05:31:49,400
alliances and strategic 
Brilliance to achieved his 

6195
05:31:49,400 --> 05:31:53,200
dream, he was declared Genghis. 
Khan meaning, Universal ruler. 

6196
05:31:53,200 --> 05:31:56,500
It was a title that reflected 
his role as the unifier of the 

6197
05:31:56,500 --> 05:31:59,600
Mongols, a leader, who brought 
together the once fractured 

6198
05:31:59,600 --> 05:32:03,400
tribes into a formidable Force. 
But Genghis Khan's Vision did 

6199
05:32:03,400 --> 05:32:05,100
not stop at the borders of 
Mongolia. 

6200
05:32:05,100 --> 05:32:08,100
He saw beyond the steps Beyond 
the Horizon. 

6201
05:32:08,100 --> 05:32:11,500
His ambition was to create a 
world where his people could 

6202
05:32:11,500 --> 05:32:15,000
Thrive, where the divisions that
weaken them for centuries, could

6203
05:32:15,000 --> 05:32:18,800
be replaced by a new order. 
His armies skilled Horsemen and 

6204
05:32:18,800 --> 05:32:22,100
fierce Warriors began to expand 
the Mongol territory. 

6205
05:32:22,100 --> 05:32:26,600
They moved with speed discipline
and precision, conquering lands.

6206
05:32:26,600 --> 05:32:30,300
That had once seemed unreachable
the campaigns of Genghis, Khan 

6207
05:32:30,300 --> 05:32:35,000
swept across Central Asia, into 
China and Beyond His leadership 

6208
05:32:35,000 --> 05:32:38,200
was marked by a combination of 
Ruthless efficiency and 

6209
05:32:38,200 --> 05:32:41,700
strategic genius. 
He understood the importance of 

6210
05:32:41,700 --> 05:32:44,900
adapting to New Challenges 
incorporating new technologies 

6211
05:32:44,900 --> 05:32:48,900
and learning from the cultures 
he encountered. under his rule, 

6212
05:32:48,900 --> 05:32:52,000
the Mongol Empire became a 
Melting Pot of ideas, trade, and

6213
05:32:52,000 --> 05:32:55,800
communication, But Genghis Khan 
was more than just a conqueror, 

6214
05:32:55,800 --> 05:32:58,800
he established laws to bring 
order to the chaos of his 

6215
05:32:58,800 --> 05:33:03,100
expanding Empire, his code known
as the Yasser emphasized, 

6216
05:33:03,100 --> 05:33:07,000
loyalty discipline and justice. 
He promoted religious tolerance 

6217
05:33:07,000 --> 05:33:10,200
recognizing that Unity required 
respecting the beliefs of 

6218
05:33:10,208 --> 05:33:13,000
diverse people's. 
He created systems of 

6219
05:33:13,000 --> 05:33:16,600
communication trade routes and 
infrastructure that connected 

6220
05:33:16,600 --> 05:33:20,900
distant parts of his Empire. 
The Silk Road once a dangerous 

6221
05:33:20,900 --> 05:33:22,900
route. 
Flourished under Mongol 

6222
05:33:22,900 --> 05:33:26,800
protection facilitating the 
exchange of goods ideas and 

6223
05:33:26,800 --> 05:33:29,900
cultures as you breathe in 
deeply picture. 

6224
05:33:29,900 --> 05:33:33,400
The vast Mongolian steppes under
a knight Sky filled with stars. 

6225
05:33:33,400 --> 05:33:38,100
The grass, sways gently in the 
breeze and the world is quiet, 

6226
05:33:38,100 --> 05:33:39,900
except for the soft sound of 
horses. 

6227
05:33:39,900 --> 05:33:44,300
And the distant crackle of 
campfires, Genghis, Khan's 

6228
05:33:44,300 --> 05:33:46,100
Legacy stretches across these 
planes. 

6229
05:33:46,100 --> 05:33:50,200
A reminder, of a leader who 
dared to dream of unity who 

6230
05:33:50,200 --> 05:33:53,000
faced the harshness of his world
with an unbreakable spirit. 

6231
05:33:53,900 --> 05:33:56,500
His life was a journey of 
resilience vision and 

6232
05:33:56,500 --> 05:33:59,000
transformation. 
He turned adversity into 

6233
05:33:59,000 --> 05:34:03,100
strength, chaos, into order and 
disunity into a vast and 

6234
05:34:03,100 --> 05:34:06,000
enduring Empire. 
Though his methods were Fierce 

6235
05:34:06,000 --> 05:34:09,700
his impact on the world was 
profound the connections he 

6236
05:34:09,700 --> 05:34:13,600
forged between Eastern West was 
shaped history, leaving a legacy

6237
05:34:13,600 --> 05:34:17,500
that endures to this day. 
Sink deeper into relaxation. 

6238
05:34:17,500 --> 05:34:21,200
Let the story of Genghis, Khan 
remind you of the power of 

6239
05:34:21,200 --> 05:34:24,700
perseverance. 
The strength found in unity and 

6240
05:34:24,700 --> 05:34:28,500
the importance of vision. 
His life filled with challenges 

6241
05:34:28,500 --> 05:34:31,300
and triumphs speaks to the 
boundless potential within each 

6242
05:34:31,300 --> 05:34:34,400
of us. 
The ability to overcome to lead,

6243
05:34:34,400 --> 05:34:39,400
and to create lasting change. 
As you drift, even deeper into 

6244
05:34:39,400 --> 05:34:42,100
the calming Embrace of sleep, 
let the Echoes of Genghis, 

6245
05:34:42,100 --> 05:34:45,300
Khan's Journey, gently guide, 
your thoughts, his story. 

6246
05:34:45,300 --> 05:34:49,300
One of struggle vision and 
unrelenting determination is a 

6247
05:34:49,300 --> 05:34:51,700
reminder of the strength that 
lies within every challenge. 

6248
05:34:51,700 --> 05:34:54,500
We face on the boundless 
potential, we possessed to shape

6249
05:34:54,500 --> 05:34:58,100
our own destinies. 
Picture the endless Mongolian 

6250
05:34:58,100 --> 05:35:02,500
steppes beneath a vast night sky
where the stars shine like 

6251
05:35:02,500 --> 05:35:05,900
scattered diamonds Illuminating,
the dark Plains below. 

6252
05:35:06,800 --> 05:35:09,900
The wind moves, softly 
Whispering Tales of ancient 

6253
05:35:09,900 --> 05:35:12,700
conquests and unification 
carrying with it. 

6254
05:35:12,700 --> 05:35:15,700
The faint of grasslands and 
distant fires. 

6255
05:35:17,000 --> 05:35:20,700
This is the world where Genghis,
Khan forged his legacy, a world 

6256
05:35:20,700 --> 05:35:24,100
where survival was harsh, but 
the spirit of resilience was 

6257
05:35:24,100 --> 05:35:27,000
even stronger. 
As his Empire expanded. 

6258
05:35:27,000 --> 05:35:30,600
So too, did his influence his 
conquests stretched from the 

6259
05:35:30,600 --> 05:35:33,500
mountains of China to the 
deserts of Persia from The 

6260
05:35:33,500 --> 05:35:35,600
Plains of Russia to the cities 
of the Middle East. 

6261
05:35:36,400 --> 05:35:39,300
But beyond the battles and the 
victories Genghis Khan's, mind 

6262
05:35:39,300 --> 05:35:43,100
remained focused on a singular 
goal, creating a world, where 

6263
05:35:43,100 --> 05:35:47,400
his people could Thrive, he was 
not driven purely by Conquest. 

6264
05:35:47,400 --> 05:35:50,200
But by the desire to establish 
all order where there was once 

6265
05:35:50,200 --> 05:35:54,200
chaos to bring Unity to Land's 
divided by endless feuds. 

6266
05:35:55,300 --> 05:35:58,300
The Mongol empire under his 
leadership was not just vast but

6267
05:35:58,300 --> 05:36:01,700
interconnected trade routes 
flourished under his protection,

6268
05:36:01,700 --> 05:36:05,000
allowing Merchants Scholars, and
travelers to move more freely 

6269
05:36:05,000 --> 05:36:07,900
than ever before. 
This period of stability and 

6270
05:36:07,900 --> 05:36:12,300
security, often referred to as 
the Pax mongolica, allowed ideas

6271
05:36:12,300 --> 05:36:15,100
cultures and Innovations to flow
across continents. 

6272
05:36:15,800 --> 05:36:18,500
Paper, gunpowder and art 
traveled from east to west, 

6273
05:36:18,500 --> 05:36:22,300
while philosophers religions and
scientific discoveries spread in

6274
05:36:22,308 --> 05:36:25,200
return. 
Imagine the Caravans moving 

6275
05:36:25,200 --> 05:36:28,600
slowly across the Silk Road, 
their lanterns glowing softly, 

6276
05:36:28,600 --> 05:36:32,700
in the dark, their footsteps, 
measured and steady the gentle 

6277
05:36:32,700 --> 05:36:35,800
clinking of goods the murmur of 
languages blending together. 

6278
05:36:36,700 --> 05:36:39,600
this was a world where once 
isolated cultures began to 

6279
05:36:39,600 --> 05:36:44,200
connect creating a tapestry of 
shared Human Experience, Genghis

6280
05:36:44,200 --> 05:36:46,700
Khan's vision of an 
interconnected World laid, the 

6281
05:36:46,700 --> 05:36:49,300
foundation. 
For the exchange Bridging, the 

6282
05:36:49,300 --> 05:36:52,700
gaps between civilizations and 
opening Pathways that had once 

6283
05:36:52,700 --> 05:36:55,700
seemed impossible. 
As you breathe in slowly 

6284
05:36:55,700 --> 05:36:59,700
picture, the vast expanse of his
Empire, the land stretching, 

6285
05:36:59,700 --> 05:37:03,900
Beyond sight, mountings rise in 
the distance, Rivers carved 

6286
05:37:03,900 --> 05:37:07,600
paths through fertile, valleys 
and open Plains role endlessly 

6287
05:37:07,600 --> 05:37:10,800
toward the Horizon. 
Each part of this landscape once

6288
05:37:10,800 --> 05:37:15,000
divided is now United, under a 
common rule, a testament, the 

6289
05:37:15,000 --> 05:37:18,900
power for shared purpose. 
Genghis, Khan's dream of unity 

6290
05:37:18,900 --> 05:37:22,200
has become a reality one shaped 
by his unwavering will, and 

6291
05:37:22,200 --> 05:37:25,500
strategic brilliance. 
But even as his empire, grew 

6292
05:37:25,500 --> 05:37:28,300
Genghis Khan remained tied to 
the Simplicity of his roots. 

6293
05:37:29,000 --> 05:37:31,900
He lived a life close to the 
Earth surrounded by the people 

6294
05:37:31,900 --> 05:37:33,500
who had followed him from the 
very beginning. 

6295
05:37:34,200 --> 05:37:38,200
He never allowed himself to be 
consumed by luxury or excess his

6296
05:37:38,200 --> 05:37:40,600
strength, lay in his ability to 
understand both the Warriors 

6297
05:37:40,600 --> 05:37:44,100
Path and the leaders burden to 
balance the ferocity of Conquest

6298
05:37:44,100 --> 05:37:48,900
with the wisdom of governance. 
As the years passed, Genghis 

6299
05:37:48,900 --> 05:37:52,200
Khan continued to guide, his 
people, his vision, extending 

6300
05:37:52,200 --> 05:37:55,500
Beyond his own life time. 
He established systems of Law 

6301
05:37:55,500 --> 05:37:58,500
and Order and sharing that 
Justice and discipline held his 

6302
05:37:58,500 --> 05:38:02,400
empire together. 
His code, the Yasser provided 

6303
05:38:02,400 --> 05:38:06,100
structure and fairness holding 
even the highest ranking leaders

6304
05:38:06,100 --> 05:38:09,900
accountable, This commitment to 
order and loyalty became the 

6305
05:38:09,900 --> 05:38:13,600
backbone of the Mongol Empire a 
legacy that would endure long 

6306
05:38:13,600 --> 05:38:18,200
after his death. 
In 1227 Genghis, Khan's Journey 

6307
05:38:18,200 --> 05:38:21,000
came to an end. 
He passed away during a military

6308
05:38:21,000 --> 05:38:24,000
campaign, his body returned to 
the land, he had known since 

6309
05:38:24,000 --> 05:38:27,400
childhood, his burial place 
remains a mystery hidden 

6310
05:38:27,400 --> 05:38:31,000
somewhere in the vast, steppes a
secret held tightly by those who

6311
05:38:31,000 --> 05:38:33,100
revered him. 
But though, his physical 

6312
05:38:33,100 --> 05:38:36,500
presence faded, his legacy 
continued to shape the world, 

6313
05:38:36,500 --> 05:38:40,400
his defendants carried his 
vision forward, expanding, the 

6314
05:38:40,400 --> 05:38:42,600
Empire, and cementing his place 
in history. 

6315
05:38:43,600 --> 05:38:47,500
As you breathe deeply feel the 
quiet power of Genghis, Khan's 

6316
05:38:47,500 --> 05:38:51,300
story resonating within you. 
His life teaches us that even in

6317
05:38:51,300 --> 05:38:54,700
the face of unimaginable 
challenges, a determined Spirit 

6318
05:38:54,700 --> 05:38:59,100
can overcome A Clear Vision can 
unify and resilience can shape 

6319
05:38:59,100 --> 05:39:02,400
the course of history. 
He transformed his hardships 

6320
05:39:02,400 --> 05:39:05,800
into strength, his struggles 
into purpose, and his dreams 

6321
05:39:05,800 --> 05:39:10,400
into reality. 
Imagine the steps once more now,

6322
05:39:10,400 --> 05:39:14,900
calm under the vast night sky. 
The Stars continue their silent 

6323
05:39:14,900 --> 05:39:17,600
watch. 
The wind carries a sense of 

6324
05:39:17,608 --> 05:39:20,700
timelessness and the land 
stretches out in quiet. 

6325
05:39:20,700 --> 05:39:23,500
Peace, the world rests much like
you do. 

6326
05:39:23,500 --> 05:39:27,500
Now embracing the Stillness, 
that follows the storm, The calm

6327
05:39:27,500 --> 05:39:29,400
that comes after a journey. 
Well, traveled. 

6328
05:39:30,500 --> 05:39:34,000
Allow yourself to let go 
completely to surrender to this 

6329
05:39:34,000 --> 05:39:37,300
peaceful Stillness. 
The story of Genghis, Khan has 

6330
05:39:37,300 --> 05:39:41,500
taken you across endless planes 
through battles, struggles and 

6331
05:39:41,500 --> 05:39:45,200
victories. 
Now you rest knowing that 

6332
05:39:45,200 --> 05:39:49,400
strength resilience and vision 
lie within you just as they did 

6333
05:39:49,400 --> 05:39:53,100
with him. 
The Journey of Discovery growth 

6334
05:39:53,100 --> 05:39:56,400
and purpose is yours to continue
when you awake him. 

6335
05:39:57,500 --> 05:40:01,000
As you sink deeper into the 
Embrace of sleep that The Echoes

6336
05:40:01,000 --> 05:40:02,200
of Genghis. 
Khan's Legacy. 

6337
05:40:02,200 --> 05:40:06,100
Ripple through your mind like a 
soft steady current His journey 

6338
05:40:06,100 --> 05:40:09,100
was vast stretching across 
endless planes and through the 

6339
05:40:09,100 --> 05:40:12,300
annals of History yet. 
His life was also a reflection 

6340
05:40:12,300 --> 05:40:16,200
of universal truths. 
Strengthen adversity, Vision, 

6341
05:40:16,200 --> 05:40:19,300
Beyond boundaries and the 
enduring power of unity. 

6342
05:40:20,300 --> 05:40:22,700
Imagine the Stillness of the 
steps at dawn. 

6343
05:40:23,300 --> 05:40:26,400
The first light of day, casting 
a golden hue across the endless,

6344
05:40:26,400 --> 05:40:29,300
grasslands. 
The world holds its breath in 

6345
05:40:29,300 --> 05:40:33,300
quiet anticipation, a moment 
suspended between night and day.

6346
05:40:33,300 --> 05:40:37,500
This is the same land that shape
to move in the boy, who became 

6347
05:40:37,500 --> 05:40:40,800
Genghis Khan. 
The cold winds, the hardships, 

6348
05:40:40,800 --> 05:40:44,200
the endless Horizons, all these 
elements, forged his Spirit, 

6349
05:40:44,200 --> 05:40:47,800
teaching him to endure to adapt,
and to lead. 

6350
05:40:48,800 --> 05:40:51,900
As you breed deeply. 
Let that same sense of quiet 

6351
05:40:51,900 --> 05:40:55,700
resilience settle within you. 
Just as the steps stretched 

6352
05:40:55,700 --> 05:40:59,200
Beyond sight, so too do the 
possibilities within your own 

6353
05:40:59,200 --> 05:41:01,600
life. 
The Journey of Genghis. 

6354
05:41:01,600 --> 05:41:04,400
Khan reminds us that no matter 
how vast the challenges before 

6355
05:41:04,400 --> 05:41:08,000
us, the human spirit is capable 
of incredible endurance and 

6356
05:41:08,000 --> 05:41:11,800
transformation. 
In your mind's eye picture, the 

6357
05:41:11,800 --> 05:41:14,500
endless, Caravans that travel 
the Silk Road under the 

6358
05:41:14,508 --> 05:41:18,200
protection of the Mongol Empire.
Merchants from distant lands, 

6359
05:41:18,200 --> 05:41:21,600
move steadily along ancient 
Roots, their carts loaded with 

6360
05:41:21,600 --> 05:41:25,600
silks, spices and knowledge. 
The world is connected in ways, 

6361
05:41:25,600 --> 05:41:28,900
it had never been before ideas 
flowing freely across 

6362
05:41:28,900 --> 05:41:32,100
continents. 
These connections once fragile 

6363
05:41:32,100 --> 05:41:35,200
and uncertain, now we've a 
tapestry of shared Human 

6364
05:41:35,200 --> 05:41:38,000
Experience. 
Genghis Khan's Vision, brought 

6365
05:41:38,000 --> 05:41:40,900
people together creating 
Pathways where there had once 

6366
05:41:40,900 --> 05:41:45,200
been barriers his legacy lives, 
not just in the conquests but in

6367
05:41:45,200 --> 05:41:48,200
the bridges, he built between 
cultures the systems of order, 

6368
05:41:48,200 --> 05:41:52,200
he established and the idea that
Unity even amidst diversity as 

6369
05:41:52,200 --> 05:41:55,200
possible. 
Now, let your thoughts drift 

6370
05:41:55,200 --> 05:41:57,000
further into the Stillness of 
night. 

6371
05:41:57,900 --> 05:41:59,900
Campfires have burned down to 
Embers. 

6372
05:41:59,900 --> 05:42:02,500
Their soft, glow. 
Casting faint light to cross the

6373
05:42:02,500 --> 05:42:07,100
faces of Warriors, Nomads and 
travelers. the air is filled 

6374
05:42:07,100 --> 05:42:10,600
with the faint of smoke, and the
quiet murmur of people at rest, 

6375
05:42:11,400 --> 05:42:14,900
This moment of Peace, hard 
earned and cherished, reflects 

6376
05:42:14,900 --> 05:42:18,100
the balance that Genghis, Khan 
sought a world where strength 

6377
05:42:18,100 --> 05:42:20,100
and stability allowed for 
moments of Tranquility. 

6378
05:42:21,300 --> 05:42:24,600
Feel the calm spread through 
your body, each breath, drawing,

6379
05:42:24,600 --> 05:42:27,100
you deeper into a space of 
comfort and safety. 

6380
05:42:27,800 --> 05:42:30,600
The struggles of the day fall 
away like grains of sand. 

6381
05:42:30,600 --> 05:42:34,200
Carried by the wind, you are 
part of a larger Story one, 

6382
05:42:34,200 --> 05:42:37,100
where each challenge you face 
shapes you, where every moment 

6383
05:42:37,100 --> 05:42:40,600
of resilience adds to your 
strengths, like the great Khan, 

6384
05:42:40,600 --> 05:42:44,100
you possess the power to endure,
to dream, and to create a legacy

6385
05:42:44,100 --> 05:42:45,600
of your own. 
Imagine. 

6386
05:42:45,600 --> 05:42:48,400
Now, the vast plain stretching 
out Beneath The Sky filled with 

6387
05:42:48,400 --> 05:42:51,600
stars. 
The universe seems infinite yet.

6388
05:42:51,600 --> 05:42:54,300
There is a profound sense of 
Peace in knowing that you are a 

6389
05:42:54,300 --> 05:42:57,500
part of this Grand expanse. 
The wind Whispers gently 

6390
05:42:57,500 --> 05:43:01,000
carrying with it, the stories of
the past, the hopes of the 

6391
05:43:01,000 --> 05:43:04,800
present and the dreams of the 
future, your connected to this 

6392
05:43:04,800 --> 05:43:08,000
Timeless flow. 
Your spirited ease your hearts 

6393
05:43:08,000 --> 05:43:11,100
steady, As your mind, drifts 
further into sleep. 

6394
05:43:11,100 --> 05:43:15,200
Let the essence of Genghis. 
Khan's story remain with you his

6395
05:43:15,200 --> 05:43:18,800
life shape by hardship and 
Triumph reminds us that within 

6396
05:43:18,800 --> 05:43:21,200
every challenge. 
Lies an opportunity for growth, 

6397
05:43:21,200 --> 05:43:24,900
his journey from a boy abandoned
on the steps to a ruler who 

6398
05:43:24,908 --> 05:43:28,000
United vast lands, is a 
testament to the power of 

6399
05:43:28,000 --> 05:43:31,000
determination and vision. 
You too carry that same 

6400
05:43:31,000 --> 05:43:34,900
potential within you, the 
ability to overcome to rise and 

6401
05:43:34,900 --> 05:43:38,000
to transform. 
The world outside growth of. 

6402
05:43:38,000 --> 05:43:41,200
Now, the edges of reality 
blurring as you surrender to 

6403
05:43:41,200 --> 05:43:44,400
rest. 
Your breath is slow steady and 

6404
05:43:44,400 --> 05:43:47,600
calm. 
Each inhale fills you with a 

6405
05:43:47,600 --> 05:43:49,700
sense of possibility, each 
exhale. 

6406
05:43:49,700 --> 05:43:53,100
Releases any tension you've been
holding The night wraps around 

6407
05:43:53,100 --> 05:43:57,200
you like a warm cloak protecting
and soothing you as you drift 

6408
05:43:57,200 --> 05:44:00,800
further into peaceful sleep. 
As you drift, even deeper into 

6409
05:44:00,800 --> 05:44:04,200
the Embrace of sleep, the vast 
planes of History, stretch 

6410
05:44:04,200 --> 05:44:07,200
endlessly before you, Serene and
Timeless. 

6411
05:44:07,200 --> 05:44:09,700
The gentle rhythm of your breath
mirrors. 

6412
05:44:09,700 --> 05:44:13,300
The calm steady wins of the 
Mongolian, steppes Whispering 

6413
05:44:13,300 --> 05:44:15,900
stories of Courage, resilience 
and transformation. 

6414
05:44:17,600 --> 05:44:20,300
The Journey of Genghis, Khan 
lingers softly in your mind. 

6415
05:44:20,300 --> 05:44:24,700
A reminder that every challenge 
faced, every hardship, overcome 

6416
05:44:24,700 --> 05:44:28,700
shapes the path towards 
something, greater In this 

6417
05:44:28,700 --> 05:44:31,700
peaceful expanse, the world 
feels Limitless. 

6418
05:44:32,600 --> 05:44:36,100
The night sky filled with an 
infinite sea of stars, reflects 

6419
05:44:36,100 --> 05:44:37,700
the boundless potential within 
you. 

6420
05:44:37,700 --> 05:44:41,700
Each star glimmers with a quiet,
brilliant, a beacon of 

6421
05:44:41,708 --> 05:44:45,400
possibility, hope and the dreams
that lie, waiting Beyond the 

6422
05:44:45,400 --> 05:44:48,800
Horizon. 
Just as Genghis, Khan dare to 

6423
05:44:48,800 --> 05:44:50,200
look beyond the confines of his 
world. 

6424
05:44:50,200 --> 05:44:54,100
You too are capable of breaking 
through barriers of envisioning,

6425
05:44:54,100 --> 05:44:57,700
New Paths of creating a life 
defined by your own resilience 

6426
05:44:57,700 --> 05:45:00,700
and purpose. 
Imagine The Quiet of the ancient

6427
05:45:00,700 --> 05:45:05,200
world, no City Lights. 
No noise of Modern Life, just 

6428
05:45:05,200 --> 05:45:07,500
the pure unbroken Silence of the
night. 

6429
05:45:08,300 --> 05:45:11,300
The grass beneath you is soft. 
Cool and fragrant. 

6430
05:45:12,000 --> 05:45:15,000
The air is crisp, carrying the 
scent of Earth and distant 

6431
05:45:15,000 --> 05:45:17,400
fires. 
The only sounds of the faint 

6432
05:45:17,400 --> 05:45:20,500
rustling of the wind, and the 
occasional software of a horse 

6433
05:45:20,500 --> 05:45:23,300
standing watch. 
This Tranquility is a gift. 

6434
05:45:24,200 --> 05:45:27,900
A space where you can let go 
breathe deeply and allow your 

6435
05:45:27,900 --> 05:45:32,000
mind to float freely as you 
inhale, drawing a sense of calm 

6436
05:45:32,000 --> 05:45:34,600
strength. 
With each exhale release, the 

6437
05:45:34,600 --> 05:45:37,700
burden of the day, the worries 
that cling like Shadows. 

6438
05:45:39,000 --> 05:45:41,200
In this space. 
There is no need to rush. 

6439
05:45:41,200 --> 05:45:45,700
No need to struggle. 
You are safe held gently by the 

6440
05:45:45,700 --> 05:45:49,600
vastness of history and the 
quiet wisdom at offers like the 

6441
05:45:49,600 --> 05:45:54,400
open steps your mind, expands 
free from constraints filled 

6442
05:45:54,400 --> 05:45:58,000
with possibility. 
The story of Genghis, Khan is 

6443
05:45:58,000 --> 05:46:01,500
one of transformation. 
Of a young boy who endured pain 

6444
05:46:01,500 --> 05:46:04,600
and loss but who Rose to become 
a leader who reshaped the world,

6445
05:46:04,600 --> 05:46:08,100
his journey reminds us that 
strength is born in moments of 

6446
05:46:08,108 --> 05:46:10,900
adversity. 
That the spirit is forged in the

6447
05:46:10,908 --> 05:46:14,600
fires of challenge, his vision 
was clear, his resolve 

6448
05:46:14,600 --> 05:46:17,900
unbreakable and within you, too 
lies that same seed of 

6449
05:46:17,900 --> 05:46:20,300
potential. 
That same capacity for growth 

6450
05:46:20,300 --> 05:46:24,500
for vision for resilience 
Picture the endless Plains 

6451
05:46:24,500 --> 05:46:29,000
bathed in the soft glow of dawn.
The first of sunlight touched 

6452
05:46:29,000 --> 05:46:32,200
the Horizon casting, a warm 
Golden Light over the land. 

6453
05:46:33,200 --> 05:46:36,300
The sky shifts from Deep. 
Indigo to Gentle Hues of pink 

6454
05:46:36,300 --> 05:46:39,000
and orange. 
The world awakens slowly 

6455
05:46:39,000 --> 05:46:42,300
peacefully as the night. 
Gives way to a new day. 

6456
05:46:43,500 --> 05:46:48,300
This transition from Darkness to
light is a symbol of Hope a 

6457
05:46:48,300 --> 05:46:49,500
reminder that no matter how 
long. 

6458
05:46:49,500 --> 05:46:52,800
The night may seem the dawn 
always comes. 

6459
05:46:54,400 --> 05:46:56,800
Let this thought settle gently 
in your mind. 

6460
05:46:57,800 --> 05:47:01,100
Just as the night must yield to 
the morning, every struggle you 

6461
05:47:01,100 --> 05:47:04,100
face every challenge, you 
endure, holds the promise of 

6462
05:47:04,108 --> 05:47:07,700
renewal of new beginnings of 
possibilities, yet to be 

6463
05:47:07,700 --> 05:47:10,800
realized. 
The Journey of life, like the 

6464
05:47:10,800 --> 05:47:13,100
Journey of Genghis. 
Khan is one of Cycles. 

6465
05:47:13,800 --> 05:47:17,600
Of hardship, and triumphs of 
Darkness and Light of endings 

6466
05:47:17,600 --> 05:47:20,600
and New Beginnings. 
Feel your body, relax even 

6467
05:47:20,600 --> 05:47:24,100
further. 
Each muscle Letting Go your mind

6468
05:47:24,100 --> 05:47:26,300
sinking deeper into the comfort 
of sleep. 

6469
05:47:27,100 --> 05:47:30,800
The weight of the world lifts 
away leaving you light free. 

6470
05:47:30,800 --> 05:47:35,000
And at peace, The Winds of the 
steps, the vast Horizons and the

6471
05:47:35,008 --> 05:47:38,000
quiet strength of history and 
develop you in a cocoon of 

6472
05:47:38,000 --> 05:47:40,400
serenity. 
In this state of deep 

6473
05:47:40,400 --> 05:47:43,700
relaxation, know that you are 
part of something Timeless. 

6474
05:47:43,700 --> 05:47:47,600
The struggles, the victories, 
the dreams of those who came 

6475
05:47:47,600 --> 05:47:50,600
before you live on whispering, 
their wisdom and encouragement. 

6476
05:47:51,500 --> 05:47:54,200
Your connected to this greater 
tapestry of humanity. 

6477
05:47:54,200 --> 05:47:58,300
A thread woven through the 
fabric of time, resilient and 

6478
05:47:58,300 --> 05:47:58,800
Unbroken