What Sailors Endured Crossing the Atlantic in the 1500s | History For Sleep

1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:02,700
What's Poppin, you Brave, 
landlocked Navigator, who hasn't

2
00:00:02,700 --> 00:00:04,500
sailed farther than the Kitchen 
Tonight. 

3
00:00:05,400 --> 00:00:09,400
Glad you're by the fire. 
It's glowing low and steady warm

4
00:00:09,400 --> 00:00:12,300
enough to make distant. 
Oceans feel far less Restless. 

5
00:00:13,600 --> 00:00:16,600
Freezing into what Sailors, 
endured crossing the Atlantic in

6
00:00:16,600 --> 00:00:19,600
the 1500s, not as a grand 
Adventure. 

7
00:00:19,600 --> 00:00:23,800
But as long stretches of 
uncertainty, cramped quarters 

8
00:00:23,800 --> 00:00:26,600
and patience measured by Horizon
Lines. 

9
00:00:27,300 --> 00:00:29,900
If this calm storytelling helps,
you unwind. 

10
00:00:29,900 --> 00:00:34,400
Feel free to subscribe or leave 
a like and tell me where you're 

11
00:00:34,400 --> 00:00:35,900
listening from, and what time it
is for you. 

12
00:00:35,900 --> 00:00:40,600
Now draw a little closer to the 
warmth, grab your blanket, turn 

13
00:00:40,600 --> 00:00:43,200
on a fan for some noise and 
let's begin. 

14
00:00:46,600 --> 00:00:49,600
You stand on a wooden deck that 
moves beneath your feet like a 

15
00:00:49,600 --> 00:00:52,800
living thing. 
Watching the coast of Spain fade

16
00:00:52,800 --> 00:00:57,600
into mist and memory. 
The year is 1500 and 2027, and 

17
00:00:57,600 --> 00:01:00,800
you have signed articles to sale
Westwood across an ocean that 

18
00:01:00,800 --> 00:01:03,500
most of Europe, still considers 
more room than reality. 

19
00:01:04,800 --> 00:01:09,000
What follows is not an adventure
tale of discovering Glory, but 

20
00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:11,700
the quieter stranger truth of 
what it meant to live for 

21
00:01:11,708 --> 00:01:12,800
months. 
On a floating. 

22
00:01:12,800 --> 00:01:17,100
Wooden box suspended Between Two
Worlds that might as well have 

23
00:01:17,100 --> 00:01:20,600
been on different planets. 
The smell hits you before 

24
00:01:20,600 --> 00:01:23,700
anything else. 
When you first climb aboard, A 

25
00:01:23,700 --> 00:01:27,600
combination of tar, wet rope 
bilge water and something else. 

26
00:01:27,600 --> 00:01:30,100
You cannot quite name, but will 
come to know, intimately. 

27
00:01:30,900 --> 00:01:34,500
It is the smell of wood that has
been damp for years of salt. 

28
00:01:34,500 --> 00:01:38,200
That has worked its way into 
every fiber, and grain of men. 

29
00:01:38,200 --> 00:01:41,900
Living in close quarters with no
privacy and limited washing 

30
00:01:41,900 --> 00:01:45,400
water in a few weeks, you will 
stop noticing it. 

31
00:01:45,400 --> 00:01:48,200
In a few months, you will smell 
it in your dreams. 

32
00:01:48,200 --> 00:01:50,600
You'll see, chests sits in the 
space. 

33
00:01:50,600 --> 00:01:53,900
You have been allotted below 
deck, which is not really a 

34
00:01:53,900 --> 00:01:56,500
space at all, but rather the 
absence of someone else's 

35
00:01:56,500 --> 00:01:59,300
belongings. 
You have roughly two feet of 

36
00:01:59,308 --> 00:02:02,700
width to call your own wedge 
between a Carpenters, mate from 

37
00:02:02,700 --> 00:02:06,400
Seville who snores like a 
wounded bull and a young rope 

38
00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:09,100
maker from Cadiz, who has 
already been sick three times 

39
00:02:09,100 --> 00:02:14,600
and you have not yet cleared the
harbor, the ceiling deck, you 

40
00:02:14,600 --> 00:02:18,100
must learn to call it a deck. 
Hang so low that you cannot 

41
00:02:18,100 --> 00:02:21,300
stand upright. 
You will spend the next several 

42
00:02:21,300 --> 00:02:25,100
months, either crouching or 
lying down except when you were 

43
00:02:25,100 --> 00:02:28,100
topside performing the endless 
tasks that keep a ship moving. 

44
00:02:30,600 --> 00:02:34,000
First night, you lie in the 
darkness, listening to the ship.

45
00:02:34,700 --> 00:02:38,400
She creaks and groans like an 
old house in a windstorm, but 

46
00:02:38,400 --> 00:02:40,400
these sounds are alive and 
conversational. 

47
00:02:41,300 --> 00:02:45,300
Timber speak to each other and 
squeaks and moans the ropes, 

48
00:02:45,300 --> 00:02:49,200
whom different notes depending 
on their tension, water slaps 

49
00:02:49,200 --> 00:02:52,500
against the hull in rhythms that
change with every shift in the 

50
00:02:52,500 --> 00:02:55,600
Wind. 
Around you, 30 other men, 

51
00:02:55,600 --> 00:02:58,700
breathe and snore and 
occasionally cry out in their 

52
00:02:58,700 --> 00:03:01,400
sleep. 
Someone is quietly weeping. 

53
00:03:01,400 --> 00:03:05,900
Someone else is praying. 
Most are simply trying to find a

54
00:03:05,900 --> 00:03:08,100
position where they can sleep 
without rolling into their 

55
00:03:08,100 --> 00:03:10,200
neighbor. 
When the ship tilts, you have 

56
00:03:10,208 --> 00:03:11,800
been issued your rations for the
week. 

57
00:03:12,500 --> 00:03:16,000
Ship's biscuit that has already 
harder than roof tiles, salt, 

58
00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:19,000
pork that has a faintly greenish
tinge in certain light. 

59
00:03:19,000 --> 00:03:23,300
Dried peas, that rattle like 
pebbles in their sack and a 

60
00:03:23,300 --> 00:03:25,000
rationale of wine that tastes 
like vinegar. 

61
00:03:25,000 --> 00:03:27,100
Someone forgot in a barrel for 
several years. 

62
00:03:28,600 --> 00:03:31,600
The biscuit. 
You discover must be soaked in 

63
00:03:31,600 --> 00:03:34,700
wine or water before you can eat
it without risking your teeth. 

64
00:03:34,700 --> 00:03:39,100
Even then it has the texture of 
salted cardboard and about as 

65
00:03:39,100 --> 00:03:41,100
much flavor. 
The pork is better. 

66
00:03:41,100 --> 00:03:43,900
If you don't think about how 
long it's been preserved or 

67
00:03:43,900 --> 00:03:46,900
what's growing in the salt 
crust, your first morning. 

68
00:03:46,900 --> 00:03:50,200
Watch begins at 4:00, which 
means being shaken away in 

69
00:03:50,200 --> 00:03:52,300
darkness. 
So complete, you cannot see your

70
00:03:52,300 --> 00:03:55,500
hand in front of your face. 
You stumble topside with the 

71
00:03:55,500 --> 00:03:59,300
others, still half asleep and 
report to the boats in who 

72
00:03:59,300 --> 00:04:01,100
assigns you to help. 
Adjust the sails. 

73
00:04:02,600 --> 00:04:05,600
This sounds simple enough until 
you're actually climbing the 

74
00:04:05,600 --> 00:04:08,900
rigging in the dark with the 
ship rolling beneath you and the

75
00:04:08,900 --> 00:04:11,000
ropes. 
Rough enough to sand the skin 

76
00:04:11,000 --> 00:04:13,900
from your palms. 
The experienced Sailors. 

77
00:04:13,900 --> 00:04:16,800
Move Like Spiders, confident and
quick. 

78
00:04:16,800 --> 00:04:20,300
You move like a drunk man. 
Climbing a ladder during an 

79
00:04:20,300 --> 00:04:23,200
earthquake. 
The horizons stretches in every 

80
00:04:23,200 --> 00:04:26,700
direction. 
Empty and Gray in the pre-dawn 

81
00:04:26,700 --> 00:04:29,100
light. 
There is something deeply 

82
00:04:29,100 --> 00:04:32,100
unsettling about this emptiness 
that you are not prepared for. 

83
00:04:33,100 --> 00:04:36,300
On land, even in the most 
desolate places, there are 

84
00:04:36,308 --> 00:04:42,400
features a distant Hill, a tree,
a rock formation here, there is 

85
00:04:42,400 --> 00:04:45,400
nothing. 
The sea and sky meet in a line. 

86
00:04:45,400 --> 00:04:48,400
So, perfect. 
It looks drawn with a ruler and 

87
00:04:48,400 --> 00:04:51,300
between that line in the ship 
there is absolutely nothing 

88
00:04:51,300 --> 00:04:54,300
worth looking at. 
This nothingness will be your 

89
00:04:54,300 --> 00:04:57,000
view for the next two to three 
months weather permitting. 

90
00:04:58,300 --> 00:05:00,500
By the end of the first week, 
your hands are covered in 

91
00:05:00,500 --> 00:05:03,600
blisters that have burst and 
reformed and burst again. 

92
00:05:04,600 --> 00:05:06,400
Shoulders ache from hauling 
ropes. 

93
00:05:06,400 --> 00:05:09,800
Your back hurts from the 
constant crouching below deck. 

94
00:05:10,600 --> 00:05:13,200
You've discovered that your 
stomach which you had always 

95
00:05:13,200 --> 00:05:17,100
considered quite reliable on 
land as a pinions about constant

96
00:05:17,100 --> 00:05:19,300
motion that it never bothered to
share before. 

97
00:05:20,200 --> 00:05:23,800
You're not properly seasick, not
like poor Rodriguez, the Rope 

98
00:05:23,800 --> 00:05:27,300
maker, who cannot keep down even
water, but you're not entirely 

99
00:05:27,300 --> 00:05:28,800
well either. 
Food. 

100
00:05:28,800 --> 00:05:32,300
Sits uneasily. 
Sleep comes in strange, shallow 

101
00:05:32,300 --> 00:05:34,800
waves. 
You feel perpetually slightly 

102
00:05:34,800 --> 00:05:36,500
dizzy. 
As if you have been drinking 

103
00:05:36,500 --> 00:05:41,300
since noon, Ships hierarchy 
reveals itself quickly at the 

104
00:05:41,308 --> 00:05:45,000
top is the captain whom you see 
perhaps twice a day and who 

105
00:05:45,000 --> 00:05:47,900
seems to exist in a different 
world from the rest of you. 

106
00:05:47,900 --> 00:05:50,400
He has a cabin. 
He has privacy. 

107
00:05:50,400 --> 00:05:53,200
He eats food. 
That does not come from a common

108
00:05:53,200 --> 00:05:56,400
Barrel. 
Below him is the master who 

109
00:05:56,400 --> 00:05:59,400
actually runs the ship and knows
more about navigation and 

110
00:05:59,400 --> 00:06:03,400
sailing than anyone else aboard.
Then come the boats and the 

111
00:06:03,400 --> 00:06:06,500
carpenter and the various mates 
and specialists. 

112
00:06:07,400 --> 00:06:11,700
At the bottom of common Sailors,
like yourself interchangeable 

113
00:06:11,700 --> 00:06:15,600
and numerous expected to do 
whatever needs doing whenever it

114
00:06:15,600 --> 00:06:18,500
needs doing, which turns out to 
be approximately all the time. 

115
00:06:18,500 --> 00:06:22,200
There is no single moment. 
When you realize your truly at 

116
00:06:22,200 --> 00:06:25,200
Sea, no dramatic Severance from 
Land. 

117
00:06:25,200 --> 00:06:30,800
Instead it happens gradually. 
Like, falling asleep. 

118
00:06:32,300 --> 00:06:35,300
On a clear day, you can still 
make out the mountains of the 

119
00:06:35,300 --> 00:06:37,700
Spanish Coast as a smudge on the
horizon. 

120
00:06:38,500 --> 00:06:42,400
The next day they are gone and 
in their place is more water and

121
00:06:42,400 --> 00:06:45,400
then more water beyond that you 
have stepped off the edge of the

122
00:06:45,400 --> 00:06:49,000
world you knew and there is no 
going back until the wind and 

123
00:06:49,000 --> 00:06:52,800
current decide to carry you to 
the other side. time at Sea 

124
00:06:52,808 --> 00:06:57,100
operates differently than time 
on land on land days, are marked

125
00:06:57,100 --> 00:07:00,900
by changing scenery by different
tasks and by the movement of 

126
00:07:00,900 --> 00:07:04,200
people and animals and seasons, 
At Sea. 

127
00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:07,100
Every day is nearly identical to
the one before. 

128
00:07:07,100 --> 00:07:12,000
It distinguished only by minor 
variations in wind direction and

129
00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:14,200
the slow degradation of the food
supply. 

130
00:07:14,200 --> 00:07:20,200
You wait, you work, you eat, you
sleep, and the ship continues. 

131
00:07:20,200 --> 00:07:23,600
Its endless rocking motion 
regardless of whether you are 

132
00:07:23,608 --> 00:07:27,400
conscious to experience it. 
The ship's Bell marks, the 

133
00:07:27,400 --> 00:07:31,600
passing of watches, each for our
period, rung out in a pattern of

134
00:07:31,608 --> 00:07:34,200
chime's, that becomes the 
heartbeat of your existence. 

135
00:07:35,200 --> 00:07:39,200
One Bell means the first half 
hour of the watch as passed two 

136
00:07:39,200 --> 00:07:43,600
Bells, Mark, the first hour by 8
Bells, four hours of elapsed and

137
00:07:43,600 --> 00:07:47,200
a new watch begins, you learned 
to wake automatically at certain

138
00:07:47,200 --> 00:07:50,800
bells and to judge the time by 
the pattern of sound, even 

139
00:07:50,800 --> 00:07:55,200
before you fully open your eyes.
The bells become more reliable 

140
00:07:55,200 --> 00:07:58,900
than any other measure of time 
more trustworthy than the sun, 

141
00:07:58,900 --> 00:08:01,700
which hides behind clouds for 
days at a stretch. 

142
00:08:02,500 --> 00:08:05,500
Your duty is rotate through a 
predictable cycle, there is 

143
00:08:05,508 --> 00:08:09,400
always a sale to be adjusted, 
always rope to be spliced and 

144
00:08:09,400 --> 00:08:13,000
always something that needs holy
stoning or scraping or retiring.

145
00:08:14,100 --> 00:08:17,100
The deck must be swapped each 
morning, which sounds simple 

146
00:08:17,100 --> 00:08:19,600
until you're doing it in a cold 
rain, with water. 

147
00:08:19,600 --> 00:08:21,900
Sloshing over the sides and your
hands. 

148
00:08:21,900 --> 00:08:25,400
So numb you can barely grip the 
mop The rigging must be 

149
00:08:25,400 --> 00:08:28,600
inspected constantly for where 
the barrels in. 

150
00:08:28,600 --> 00:08:30,500
The hold must be checked and 
rotated. 

151
00:08:30,500 --> 00:08:34,500
The bilge must be pumped. 
The bilge pumping is everyone's 

152
00:08:34,500 --> 00:08:36,799
least favorite task though. 
No one complains, because 

153
00:08:36,799 --> 00:08:38,900
complaining is pointless and 
all. 

154
00:08:38,900 --> 00:08:41,299
So because there is a shared 
understanding, that some 

155
00:08:41,299 --> 00:08:45,400
experience is a two universally 
miserable to require comment. 

156
00:08:46,100 --> 00:08:48,900
the bill is where all the water 
that seeps into the ship 

157
00:08:48,900 --> 00:08:53,200
collects rainwater, sea, water 
that splashes over the sides 

158
00:08:53,200 --> 00:08:57,200
condensation and various other 
liquids you prefer not to 

159
00:08:57,200 --> 00:09:00,800
identify This water must be 
pumped out regularly. 

160
00:09:00,800 --> 00:09:04,500
All the ship will slowly sink 
under its own accumulated 

161
00:09:04,500 --> 00:09:07,500
dampness, the pump is operated 
by hand. 

162
00:09:07,500 --> 00:09:11,400
Requiring two men to work 
Handles in a rhythm while a 

163
00:09:11,408 --> 00:09:14,300
third ensures the leather gas 
kits are properly seated. 

164
00:09:15,200 --> 00:09:17,300
The smell that rises from the 
bilge. 

165
00:09:17,300 --> 00:09:19,600
When you open it is something 
you wish you could unknow. 

166
00:09:19,600 --> 00:09:24,100
It is Decay and rot and sourness
all combined into a visible 

167
00:09:24,100 --> 00:09:26,200
miasma. 
That seems to cling to your 

168
00:09:26,200 --> 00:09:30,800
clothes for days afterward. 
Food, preparation happens, twice

169
00:09:30,800 --> 00:09:35,200
daily weather permitting, the 
ship's cook a one-eyed man from 

170
00:09:35,200 --> 00:09:36,300
Galicia. 
Whose name? 

171
00:09:36,300 --> 00:09:39,600
No one can pronounce correctly. 
Presides over a fire box. 

172
00:09:39,600 --> 00:09:42,000
That is more dangerous than it 
has any right to be. 

173
00:09:42,900 --> 00:09:45,400
Building a fire on a wooden ship
in the middle of an ocean 

174
00:09:45,400 --> 00:09:48,100
requires. 
A special kind of optimism or 

175
00:09:48,100 --> 00:09:52,400
Insanity, possibly both. 
Firebox sits on a bed of sand 

176
00:09:52,400 --> 00:09:56,000
and is surrounded by buckets of 
water, but everyone understands 

177
00:09:56,000 --> 00:09:57,600
that. 
If a fire ever got loose below 

178
00:09:57,600 --> 00:10:00,500
deck, you would all die 
screaming long before you could 

179
00:10:00,500 --> 00:10:05,100
lower a boat, The cook boils 
everything, PSA boiled until 

180
00:10:05,100 --> 00:10:07,100
they disintegrate into a grayish
pace. 

181
00:10:08,000 --> 00:10:11,100
Salt pork is boiled until it 
achieves a texture somewhere 

182
00:10:11,100 --> 00:10:15,000
between leather and rubber. 
On good days when the seas are 

183
00:10:15,008 --> 00:10:18,300
calm enough and the supplies 
hold out, you might get a stew 

184
00:10:18,300 --> 00:10:22,100
made from the ship's biscuit 
pounded into crumbs boiled with 

185
00:10:22,100 --> 00:10:24,900
pork fat and whatever dried 
vegetables have survived the 

186
00:10:24,900 --> 00:10:28,100
damp. 
This concoction is grandly 

187
00:10:28,100 --> 00:10:31,200
called Lobster, and it's 
supposed to be nourishing. 

188
00:10:31,200 --> 00:10:35,500
It tastes like wallpaper paste 
mixed with regret Your daily 

189
00:10:35,500 --> 00:10:37,700
wine. 
Ration is distributed at noon, 

190
00:10:37,700 --> 00:10:42,000
and in the evening, the wine, if
you can call it, that has turned

191
00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:44,800
to vinegar and then evolved 
Beyond vinegar into something 

192
00:10:44,800 --> 00:10:48,000
that might strip paint. 
You drink it anyway because 

193
00:10:48,000 --> 00:10:51,300
water stored in wooden barrels 
for weeks, develops interesting 

194
00:10:51,300 --> 00:10:55,900
properties, including a greenish
tinge and small swimming things.

195
00:10:55,900 --> 00:10:57,700
You try not to examine too 
closely. 

196
00:10:58,600 --> 00:11:01,500
The wine. 
However vial is at least 

197
00:11:01,508 --> 00:11:03,800
reliably viol in ways you 
understand. 

198
00:11:04,900 --> 00:11:07,200
Thirst is supposed to be 
different because thirsty is 

199
00:11:07,200 --> 00:11:10,600
meat day on Thursdays. 
You receive your full ration of 

200
00:11:10,600 --> 00:11:13,200
salt pork. 
Whereas on other days you make 

201
00:11:13,200 --> 00:11:17,700
with peas and biscuit The 
anticipation of thirsty, pork 

202
00:11:17,700 --> 00:11:21,300
becomes absurdly important, you 
find yourself thinking about it 

203
00:11:21,300 --> 00:11:24,000
days in advance, remembering the
taste of meat. 

204
00:11:24,000 --> 00:11:27,900
However, preserved and however, 
boiled as if it was some 

205
00:11:27,900 --> 00:11:31,300
delicacy in a chunk of pig, that
has been sitting in a barrel for

206
00:11:31,300 --> 00:11:35,400
the better part of a year. 
Between watches during the brief

207
00:11:35,400 --> 00:11:37,400
periods. 
When you're neither working nor 

208
00:11:37,400 --> 00:11:41,700
sleeping you exist in a strange 
limbo, there is nothing to do. 

209
00:11:41,700 --> 00:11:45,300
There is no where to go, you 
cannot take a walk. 

210
00:11:45,300 --> 00:11:48,300
You cannot visit a friend in 
another part of town. 

211
00:11:48,300 --> 00:11:51,300
You cannot even really have a 
proper conversation because the 

212
00:11:51,300 --> 00:11:54,200
wind and waves, create a 
constant background noise that 

213
00:11:54,200 --> 00:11:58,800
makes talking exhausting. so, 
you sit, you stare at the water,

214
00:11:58,800 --> 00:12:03,000
you watch the clouds, you count 
the barrels, lash to the deck, 

215
00:12:03,800 --> 00:12:06,800
You examine your hands and 
notice how the calluses have 

216
00:12:06,800 --> 00:12:09,700
calluses now. 
You think about food you have 

217
00:12:09,700 --> 00:12:12,400
eaten on land. 
You remember what it felt like 

218
00:12:12,400 --> 00:12:16,200
to walk on ground. 
That didn't move some men carve,

219
00:12:16,200 --> 00:12:18,800
they make small figures from 
scraps of wood. 

220
00:12:18,800 --> 00:12:21,800
Will they practice fancy not 
work with bits of rope? 

221
00:12:22,600 --> 00:12:26,500
Some men gamble using dried peas
as currency since actual money 

222
00:12:26,500 --> 00:12:27,700
is useless. 
Aboard ship. 

223
00:12:28,700 --> 00:12:32,300
Some men sleep whenever possible
banking rest against the next 

224
00:12:32,300 --> 00:12:36,400
storm or emergency a few men. 
Have brought books, which they 

225
00:12:36,400 --> 00:12:38,900
read until the pages, begin to 
separate from The Damp. 

226
00:12:38,900 --> 00:12:41,600
And then they read them again 
because there is nothing else. 

227
00:12:42,900 --> 00:12:45,900
You discover that boredom has 
depths you never suspected. 

228
00:12:45,900 --> 00:12:50,200
There is surface boredom a kind.
You feel waiting for something 

229
00:12:50,200 --> 00:12:52,900
specific to happen? 
Below. 

230
00:12:52,900 --> 00:12:57,500
That is a deeper boredom. 
A kind of gray mental fog where 

231
00:12:57,500 --> 00:13:01,100
you stopped even wishing for 
stimulation and simply exist in 

232
00:13:01,100 --> 00:13:03,800
a state of numb acceptance 
below. 

233
00:13:03,800 --> 00:13:07,100
That is something else. 
A strange place where your mind 

234
00:13:07,100 --> 00:13:10,500
starts generating its own 
entertainment from nothing where

235
00:13:10,500 --> 00:13:13,600
you can spend 20 minutes, 
watching a particular wave and 

236
00:13:13,600 --> 00:13:15,200
finding it, genuinely 
interesting. 

237
00:13:15,200 --> 00:13:19,200
And where the way light hits the
sale becomes a source of actual 

238
00:13:19,200 --> 00:13:23,800
fascination You understand that 
the ship is being navigated but 

239
00:13:23,800 --> 00:13:27,000
the actual process remains 
mysterious and somewhat magical 

240
00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:29,500
to you and most of the common 
sailors. 

241
00:13:30,400 --> 00:13:33,500
The officers possess instruments
that they consult with great 

242
00:13:33,500 --> 00:13:38,100
seriousness. 
Across staff and astrolabe, and 

243
00:13:38,100 --> 00:13:41,000
a compass that sits in a special
Box near the helm. 

244
00:13:42,400 --> 00:13:45,700
They take measurements of the 
sun's height at noon making 

245
00:13:45,700 --> 00:13:48,700
marks on charts and Performing 
calculations that involve 

246
00:13:48,700 --> 00:13:51,400
numbers larger than you ever 
learned in the Village School, 

247
00:13:51,400 --> 00:13:53,700
where you spent three Winters 
learning to read and write. 

248
00:13:54,900 --> 00:13:56,800
The compass at least makes basic
sense. 

249
00:13:58,100 --> 00:14:02,300
The needle Points North always 
north drawn, by some invisible 

250
00:14:02,300 --> 00:14:05,000
force toward the top of the 
world at night. 

251
00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:08,600
When the clouds clear, you can 
see the North Star holding its 

252
00:14:08,600 --> 00:14:11,700
position while the other stars 
wheel around it like dancers. 

253
00:14:12,800 --> 00:14:16,200
The officers, use this, start to
verify the compass taking 

254
00:14:16,200 --> 00:14:18,600
sightings and making adjustments
to their charts. 

255
00:14:19,600 --> 00:14:23,400
But how they determine where you
are on the vast blank ocean, how

256
00:14:23,400 --> 00:14:26,300
they know whether you are 200 
miles from your destination or 

257
00:14:26,300 --> 00:14:29,700
2000. 
This remains as opaque to you as

258
00:14:29,700 --> 00:14:34,200
Church Latin. 
Captain guards, his charts like 

259
00:14:34,200 --> 00:14:39,300
holy relics keeping them in his 
cabin, wrapped in oiled cloth. 

260
00:14:40,200 --> 00:14:43,400
you've glimpsed them once when 
delivering a message and they 

261
00:14:43,400 --> 00:14:47,400
looked less like Maps than like,
artistic interpretations of maps

262
00:14:47,400 --> 00:14:51,900
with sea monsters drawn, in the 
empty spaces and Compass Rose's 

263
00:14:51,900 --> 00:14:55,800
blooming, like flowers, The 
coastlines are approximate. 

264
00:14:55,800 --> 00:14:59,200
The distance is are approximate 
everything about Ocean Travel. 

265
00:14:59,200 --> 00:15:01,100
You are coming to understand his
approximate. 

266
00:15:02,000 --> 00:15:03,900
Dead reckoning. 
Is the primary method of 

267
00:15:03,900 --> 00:15:06,800
navigation, which sounds ominous
and you learn. 

268
00:15:06,800 --> 00:15:10,700
It simply means calculating your
position based on your speed 

269
00:15:10,700 --> 00:15:16,200
direction and time travel. 
Ship speed is measured by 

270
00:15:16,200 --> 00:15:18,700
throwing a log. 
Tied to a knotted rope over the 

271
00:15:18,700 --> 00:15:22,100
stern and Counting how many 
knots passed through your hands 

272
00:15:22,100 --> 00:15:26,100
in a specific time period. 
This gives you your speed and 

273
00:15:26,100 --> 00:15:28,500
what will eventually be called 
knots though? 

274
00:15:28,500 --> 00:15:31,900
Right now it is just called 
making good way or barely moving

275
00:15:31,900 --> 00:15:33,700
depending on the number of rope 
sections. 

276
00:15:33,700 --> 00:15:37,100
That slip by Direction comes 
from the compass. 

277
00:15:37,100 --> 00:15:40,800
Assuming the compass is working 
correctly and has not been 

278
00:15:40,800 --> 00:15:44,800
confused by lightning or the 
mysterious magnetic variations 

279
00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:46,900
that occur in certain parts of 
the ocean. 

280
00:15:47,900 --> 00:15:51,400
Time comes from The Hourglass 
which must be turned every half 

281
00:15:51,400 --> 00:15:54,400
hour by Whoever has been 
assigned, glass watching duty. 

282
00:15:54,400 --> 00:15:58,600
If the glass of falls asleep or 
forgets, or simply does not care

283
00:15:58,600 --> 00:16:02,500
your entire navigation system. 
Slides into an accuracy. 

284
00:16:03,700 --> 00:16:06,500
This happens more often than the
office as would like to admit. 

285
00:16:07,600 --> 00:16:10,100
Give these methods and their 
obvious potential for error. 

286
00:16:10,100 --> 00:16:14,300
It is remarkable that ships ever
arrive anywhere near their 

287
00:16:14,300 --> 00:16:16,900
intended destination and In 
Deed. 

288
00:16:16,900 --> 00:16:20,500
Many do not. 
The ocean bottom is littered 

289
00:16:20,500 --> 00:16:23,700
with ships that miscalculated 
that thought they were farther 

290
00:16:23,700 --> 00:16:27,600
from land and they were father 
from rocks or that simply got 

291
00:16:27,600 --> 00:16:30,700
lost in the featureless blue and
ran out of food before finding 

292
00:16:30,700 --> 00:16:34,100
anything solid. 
Your captain claims to have 

293
00:16:34,100 --> 00:16:37,500
sailed this route before, which 
is reassuring, Until you realize

294
00:16:37,500 --> 00:16:42,600
that before was seven years ago,
and ocean, currents change and 

295
00:16:42,600 --> 00:16:44,400
coastlines. 
In the new world are still being

296
00:16:44,400 --> 00:16:46,400
discovered and what he 
remembers. 

297
00:16:46,400 --> 00:16:49,800
As a reliable Landmark might 
have been a different Island 

298
00:16:49,800 --> 00:16:52,700
entirely or possibly a cloud 
formation. 

299
00:16:52,700 --> 00:16:55,000
That looked like an island 
navigation. 

300
00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:57,000
At this point in history is part
science. 

301
00:16:57,000 --> 00:17:02,900
Part experience, part luck and 
part wishful thinking the lead 

302
00:17:02,900 --> 00:17:06,099
line provides the only reliable 
information about your location,

303
00:17:06,099 --> 00:17:09,099
but only when you are close 
enough to shore for the bottom 

304
00:17:09,099 --> 00:17:12,599
to be reachable, The line is 
marked at various depths with 

305
00:17:12,599 --> 00:17:15,300
different materials, leather 
cloth bits of rope. 

306
00:17:15,300 --> 00:17:19,200
So the man throwing it, can call
out the depth even in darkness. 

307
00:17:20,300 --> 00:17:24,000
When the Leeds man begins to 
find bottom at 100 fathoms, then

308
00:17:24,000 --> 00:17:28,200
80 then 60, everyone knows. 
Land is approaching even if you 

309
00:17:28,200 --> 00:17:32,400
cannot see it yet. 
Spacing of these soundings tells

310
00:17:32,400 --> 00:17:35,400
the officers about the shape of 
the sea floor, which can 

311
00:17:35,400 --> 00:17:38,700
indicate proximity to certain 
known Harbors or Shoals. 

312
00:17:39,800 --> 00:17:42,200
But in the deep ocean, the lead 
finds nothing. 

313
00:17:43,100 --> 00:17:46,600
The line runs out its full 200 
fathoms and still touches. 

314
00:17:46,600 --> 00:17:49,100
No bottom. 
You are suspended over. 

315
00:17:49,100 --> 00:17:52,200
Depths that would swallow 
Cathedrals and still have room 

316
00:17:52,200 --> 00:17:54,800
for more. 
This knowledge sits uneasily in 

317
00:17:54,800 --> 00:17:57,000
your mind during night watches 
when you're alone with your 

318
00:17:57,000 --> 00:18:01,400
thoughts and the Dark Water. 
Hissing past the hole Beneath 

319
00:18:01,400 --> 00:18:04,500
You miles beneath, you is a 
world. 

320
00:18:04,500 --> 00:18:07,500
You will never see populated by 
creatures. 

321
00:18:07,500 --> 00:18:10,800
No one has ever imagined in 
darkness. 

322
00:18:10,800 --> 00:18:14,400
So complete that no light has 
touched it since the world was 

323
00:18:14,400 --> 00:18:17,000
made. 
Whether it's sea is not the same

324
00:18:17,000 --> 00:18:21,100
as whether on land where you can
go inside when it rains or build

325
00:18:21,100 --> 00:18:24,800
a fire when it gets cold. 
At Sea, whether is the 

326
00:18:24,800 --> 00:18:28,600
environment, the entirety of 
your existence, something you 

327
00:18:28,600 --> 00:18:31,300
cannot Escape or ignore or wait 
out in Comfort. 

328
00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:35,900
When it rains, you get wet and 
stay wet because there is no way

329
00:18:35,900 --> 00:18:39,400
dry. 
When the Sun beats down you burn

330
00:18:39,400 --> 00:18:41,700
because there is no shade except
below deck. 

331
00:18:41,700 --> 00:18:45,100
And below deck is dark and 
airless and somehow hotter than 

332
00:18:45,100 --> 00:18:47,600
topside despite being out of 
direct sunlight. 

333
00:18:48,600 --> 00:18:52,600
The wind is your master and your
servant simultaneously two 

334
00:18:52,600 --> 00:18:56,000
little wind and you sit 
motionless wallowing and swells 

335
00:18:56,000 --> 00:19:00,200
that make everyone sick going. 
Nowhere consuming supplies while

336
00:19:00,200 --> 00:19:03,600
making no progress. 
Too much wind and you are 

337
00:19:03,600 --> 00:19:07,600
overpowered forced to reduce 
sale, sometimes forced to run 

338
00:19:07,600 --> 00:19:09,600
before the storm with bare 
poles. 

339
00:19:09,600 --> 00:19:11,700
Hoping the hull can take the 
battering. 

340
00:19:11,700 --> 00:19:15,400
Hoping the mask can handle the 
strain and hoping everyone 

341
00:19:15,400 --> 00:19:18,800
remembers how to tie proper 
knots because now is when it 

342
00:19:18,800 --> 00:19:23,500
matters Storms announced 
themselves in subtle ways that 

343
00:19:23,500 --> 00:19:26,600
the experienced Sailors 
recognized long before you do. 

344
00:19:27,400 --> 00:19:31,500
The light changes taking on a 
peculiar yellow gray quality. 

345
00:19:32,600 --> 00:19:36,100
Clouds building specific 
formations that mean nothing to 

346
00:19:36,100 --> 00:19:39,400
you, but calls the boats in to 
start checking the lashing on 

347
00:19:39,400 --> 00:19:42,200
everything movable. 
The wind shifts Direction and 

348
00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:44,600
picks up speed and there is a 
smell to it. 

349
00:19:44,600 --> 00:19:48,700
A charge electronic smell that 
makes the hair on your arms. 

350
00:19:48,700 --> 00:19:52,000
Stand up. 
When a storm hits properly, it 

351
00:19:52,000 --> 00:19:54,300
is nothing like thunder showers 
on land. 

352
00:19:55,200 --> 00:19:57,400
This is not rain. 
You can watch from a window. 

353
00:19:57,400 --> 00:20:02,100
This is water coming from every 
direction at once, from above, 

354
00:20:02,100 --> 00:20:06,700
from the side, over the rails. 
And up, through the deck scene, 

355
00:20:07,800 --> 00:20:10,900
Ship tilts at angles, that 
seemed geometrically impossible.

356
00:20:11,800 --> 00:20:15,500
You cling to whatever you can 
grip, and try to follow shouted 

357
00:20:15,500 --> 00:20:17,300
orders. 
You can barely hear over the 

358
00:20:17,308 --> 00:20:21,300
winds raw, the sails that you do
not take down in time tear 

359
00:20:21,300 --> 00:20:23,900
themselves to pieces with 
sounds, like Canon fire. 

360
00:20:24,700 --> 00:20:28,000
Waves break over the bow. 
With enough Force to knock a man

361
00:20:28,008 --> 00:20:29,800
off his feet and wash him 
overboard. 

362
00:20:29,800 --> 00:20:34,300
If he's not secured. 
The worst part of storms is not 

363
00:20:34,300 --> 00:20:36,500
the fear though, there is plenty
of that. 

364
00:20:36,500 --> 00:20:39,100
The worst part is, the 
helplessness. 

365
00:20:39,100 --> 00:20:43,700
There is nothing you can really 
do except hold on and wait, you 

366
00:20:43,700 --> 00:20:46,900
cannot fight a storm. 
You cannot negotiate with it. 

367
00:20:46,900 --> 00:20:51,200
You cannot even hide from it. 
Effectively, you can only endure

368
00:20:51,200 --> 00:20:52,700
and hope the ship is strong 
enough. 

369
00:20:52,700 --> 00:20:56,500
The officers skilled enough and 
luck favorable enough to see it 

370
00:20:56,500 --> 00:21:01,100
through. 
After a storm passes, the work 

371
00:21:01,100 --> 00:21:06,300
begins there are always repairs 
torn sails to be replaced wrote 

372
00:21:06,300 --> 00:21:09,700
to be respice to and get cargo 
to be rescued. 

373
00:21:10,700 --> 00:21:12,900
There are always injuries to be 
tendered though. 

374
00:21:12,900 --> 00:21:16,500
The ships surgeon is more 
enthusiastic than qualified and 

375
00:21:16,500 --> 00:21:17,900
his preferred treatment for 
almost. 

376
00:21:17,900 --> 00:21:21,100
Everything is bleeding. 
Which seems counterproductive 

377
00:21:21,100 --> 00:21:23,600
for men who are already 
exhausted and battered. 

378
00:21:24,400 --> 00:21:26,800
And there is always the 
inventory of what was lost 

379
00:21:26,800 --> 00:21:29,900
barrels. 
Washed overboard, Provisions 

380
00:21:29,900 --> 00:21:33,400
ruined by sea water. 
Sometimes men who were there. 

381
00:21:33,400 --> 00:21:35,200
Yes. 
Today and are not there anymore.

382
00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:40,400
Simply gone take by a wave or a 
falling spa or the Seas casual 

383
00:21:40,400 --> 00:21:43,200
violence. 
But there are also days of 

384
00:21:43,200 --> 00:21:46,700
perfect weather days when the 
wind is steady from the right 

385
00:21:46,700 --> 00:21:50,100
quarter and the Sun is warm, but
not scorching. 

386
00:21:50,100 --> 00:21:54,800
And the sea is that impossible 
deep blue that does not exist on

387
00:21:54,800 --> 00:21:57,700
land. 
On these days, the ship seems to

388
00:21:57,708 --> 00:22:00,800
sail herself. 
Requiring only Minor Adjustments

389
00:22:00,800 --> 00:22:05,900
to the helm the crews mood lifts
someone sings someone else tells

390
00:22:05,900 --> 00:22:08,800
a story The Cook makes something
almost edible. 

391
00:22:08,800 --> 00:22:12,100
You remember why people have 
been going to see for thousands 

392
00:22:12,100 --> 00:22:13,700
of years? 
Despite all the evidence 

393
00:22:13,700 --> 00:22:15,500
suggesting, this is a terrible 
idea. 

394
00:22:16,700 --> 00:22:19,200
The doldrums are worse than 
storms in their own way. 

395
00:22:20,000 --> 00:22:23,700
When the wind dies completely 
and the ship sits motionless on 

396
00:22:23,700 --> 00:22:27,700
glassy water, everything becomes
urgent, and nothing can be done.

397
00:22:28,500 --> 00:22:32,200
Your consuming supplies, your 
drinking water and eating food, 

398
00:22:32,200 --> 00:22:35,800
but you're going nowhere, making
no progress toward the 

399
00:22:35,800 --> 00:22:39,000
destination that holds the 
promise of fresh provisions, and

400
00:22:39,000 --> 00:22:42,800
Solid Ground. 
The heat becomes oppressive, the

401
00:22:42,800 --> 00:22:46,400
ships stinks worse than usual 
because the air does not move. 

402
00:22:46,400 --> 00:22:50,300
Tempers. 
Pray small disagreements become 

403
00:22:50,300 --> 00:22:53,400
arguments, arguments become 
grudges that will last the 

404
00:22:53,400 --> 00:22:56,600
entire voyage. 
During one stretch of calm that 

405
00:22:56,600 --> 00:23:00,200
lasts six days, you watch a 
barrel floating in the distance 

406
00:23:00,200 --> 00:23:03,800
noting with growing unease that 
its position relative to the 

407
00:23:03,800 --> 00:23:09,100
ship does not change. 6 entire 
days you make no progress 

408
00:23:09,100 --> 00:23:11,900
whatsoever. 
The barrel mocks you floating 

409
00:23:11,900 --> 00:23:13,900
there in the same spot on the 
horizon. 

410
00:23:13,900 --> 00:23:18,000
A wooden reminder that forward 
movement is not a given but a 

411
00:23:18,000 --> 00:23:21,400
gift from wind and current that 
can be withdrawn without notice 

412
00:23:22,800 --> 00:23:26,900
life on a ship creates, its own 
peculiar Society, a small 

413
00:23:26,900 --> 00:23:31,200
floating village where everyone 
knows everyone else far too 

414
00:23:31,200 --> 00:23:33,800
well. 
And there is no possibility of 

415
00:23:33,800 --> 00:23:36,700
privacy or escape from people, 
you have come to dislike. 

416
00:23:37,700 --> 00:23:42,100
Friendships form quickly and 
intense Lee enmities form just 

417
00:23:42,100 --> 00:23:46,300
as quickly and can last entire 
voyage's over incidents, that 

418
00:23:46,300 --> 00:23:48,100
would be forgotten in a day on 
land. 

419
00:23:49,300 --> 00:23:51,900
There is the carpenter from 
Seville in the space next to 

420
00:23:51,900 --> 00:23:53,900
yours. 
The one who snores. 

421
00:23:54,800 --> 00:23:58,700
His name is Miguel and he is 40.
Something years old with hands 

422
00:23:58,700 --> 00:24:01,100
Guard from Decades of working 
with tools. 

423
00:24:01,100 --> 00:24:06,000
He has sailed this route 5 times
before and treats the ocean with

424
00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:09,100
the Casual familiarity of 
someone, who knows exactly how 

425
00:24:09,100 --> 00:24:11,800
dangerous it is. 
But a stopped being impressed by

426
00:24:11,800 --> 00:24:14,400
the danger. 
He shares his tobacco with you 

427
00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:16,500
sometimes and you share the 
dried. 

428
00:24:16,500 --> 00:24:19,000
Figs your mother pressed into 
your hand before you left. 

429
00:24:20,000 --> 00:24:23,100
Neither of you says much, but 
there is a companionship in the 

430
00:24:23,100 --> 00:24:26,300
silence. 
Rodriguez, the young rope maker 

431
00:24:26,300 --> 00:24:30,100
who started the voyage sick 
recovers by the second week and 

432
00:24:30,100 --> 00:24:33,700
reveals himself to be 
relentlessly cheerful in a way 

433
00:24:33,708 --> 00:24:39,100
that should be annoying, but 
somehow is not He is 18 years 

434
00:24:39,100 --> 00:24:42,400
old and has never been farther 
from Cadiz than Barcelona. 

435
00:24:43,500 --> 00:24:45,600
Everything about this Voyage 
amazes him. 

436
00:24:46,500 --> 00:24:50,500
Size of the Waves, the depth of 
the water, and the speed at 

437
00:24:50,500 --> 00:24:52,500
which dolphins swim alongside 
the ship. 

438
00:24:53,300 --> 00:24:57,300
His enthusiasm is infectious 
enough, that even the serious 

439
00:24:57,300 --> 00:24:59,700
Sailors, find themselves 
explaining things to him, 

440
00:24:59,700 --> 00:25:02,200
showing him not telling him 
stories. 

441
00:25:03,100 --> 00:25:05,100
The boats in his a different 
sort entirely. 

442
00:25:05,100 --> 00:25:09,000
He is perhaps 35 Broad 
shouldered and perpetually 

443
00:25:09,000 --> 00:25:12,000
sunburned with a voice that 
could cut through a hurricane. 

444
00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:16,000
His job is to enforce order and 
maintain discipline which he 

445
00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:18,700
does with a combination of 
shouted commands and creative 

446
00:25:18,700 --> 00:25:23,100
profanity, that could blister 
paint But he is also fair in his

447
00:25:23,100 --> 00:25:26,800
way, expecting everyone to work 
hard, but it expecting no more 

448
00:25:26,800 --> 00:25:30,400
than he himself does. 
When a spa breaks during a storm

449
00:25:30,400 --> 00:25:32,900
and needs to be replaced 
immediately in conditions that 

450
00:25:32,900 --> 00:25:35,600
are frankly terrifying. 
He is up in the rigging 

451
00:25:35,600 --> 00:25:39,200
alongside everyone else working 
as hard as the youngest sailor, 

452
00:25:40,100 --> 00:25:43,700
The Cook the one-eyed Galician. 
Spanish. 

453
00:25:43,700 --> 00:25:47,100
So heavily accented that half 
the crew cannot understand him 

454
00:25:47,100 --> 00:25:50,500
which might be just as well. 
Given that most of what he says,

455
00:25:50,500 --> 00:25:53,300
appears to be complaints about 
the quality of the provisions. 

456
00:25:53,300 --> 00:25:55,700
He is expected to transform into
meals. 

457
00:25:55,700 --> 00:25:59,300
He's been sailing since before 
you were born and has opinions 

458
00:25:59,300 --> 00:26:02,300
about everything. 
The correct way to store salt 

459
00:26:02,300 --> 00:26:05,900
pork, the uselessness of 
Portuguese navigation, methods 

460
00:26:05,900 --> 00:26:09,800
and the superiority of Galician 
wine over the vinegar you are 

461
00:26:09,800 --> 00:26:12,500
currently drinking. 
He is also you discover an 

462
00:26:12,500 --> 00:26:15,900
excellent singer and sometimes 
in the evening he sings Old 

463
00:26:15,900 --> 00:26:19,300
ballads in a language. 
That might be Gleason or might 

464
00:26:19,300 --> 00:26:23,200
be something older songs about 
Sailors who never came home and 

465
00:26:23,200 --> 00:26:25,500
women who waited for ships that 
never returned. 

466
00:26:26,800 --> 00:26:30,400
There is a boy aboard, perhaps 
14 years old, who serves as 

467
00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:33,600
Captain, boy to the captain and 
runs messages between officers. 

468
00:26:33,600 --> 00:26:37,400
He's quick and clever and 
learning navigation from the 

469
00:26:37,400 --> 00:26:41,000
master and everyone knows he'll 
be an officer himself in a few 

470
00:26:41,000 --> 00:26:43,500
years. 
If he survives, he treats, this 

471
00:26:43,500 --> 00:26:47,000
Voyage, as an education, asking 
questions about everything, 

472
00:26:47,000 --> 00:26:51,000
examining the charts when 
allowed and practicing his not 

473
00:26:51,000 --> 00:26:54,900
during spare moments. 
His optimism about the voyage 

474
00:26:54,900 --> 00:26:57,700
and about the sea in general, 
makes you feel ancient and 

475
00:26:57,700 --> 00:27:00,800
cynical at 26. 
There are tensions. 

476
00:27:00,800 --> 00:27:04,100
Of course, the ship this size 
cannot hold this many men. 

477
00:27:04,100 --> 00:27:07,500
This long without friction, 
someone is always snoring too 

478
00:27:07,500 --> 00:27:10,500
loud or taking up too much space
or shirking duties or stealing 

479
00:27:10,500 --> 00:27:14,300
food from the common stores. 
The Sailor everyone calls 

480
00:27:14,300 --> 00:27:16,800
Portuguese. 
Joel even though there are three

481
00:27:16,808 --> 00:27:19,300
other Portuguese. 
Sailors aboard has a habit of 

482
00:27:19,308 --> 00:27:21,500
forgetting his turn at the bilge
pump. 

483
00:27:21,500 --> 00:27:24,700
This has been noticed. 
There are muttered conversations

484
00:27:24,700 --> 00:27:27,500
about this for getting. 
It will eventually be addressed,

485
00:27:27,500 --> 00:27:32,500
probably not pleasantly. 
Two men Sailors, who signed on 

486
00:27:32,500 --> 00:27:35,300
together from the same Village. 
Have not spoken to each other in

487
00:27:35,300 --> 00:27:38,200
three weeks over. 
Some dispute about a woman back 

488
00:27:38,200 --> 00:27:41,400
home, they work alongside each 
other and complete silence 

489
00:27:41,400 --> 00:27:44,300
communicating only through 
eloquent klairs. 

490
00:27:44,300 --> 00:27:47,100
This could continue for the 
entire voyage. 

491
00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:51,300
To happen before the officers 
occupied, different world, 

492
00:27:51,300 --> 00:27:54,900
eating separately, sleeping 
separately, and making decisions

493
00:27:54,900 --> 00:27:58,200
that affect everyone without 
consultation or explanation. 

494
00:27:58,200 --> 00:28:01,700
This creates a natural 
resentment, but it is also 

495
00:28:01,700 --> 00:28:03,600
understood that someone needs to
be in charge. 

496
00:28:03,600 --> 00:28:07,400
Someone needs to maintain 
Authority or the whole system 

497
00:28:07,400 --> 00:28:11,000
falls apart. 
The ship operates on a hierarchy

498
00:28:11,000 --> 00:28:14,000
as rigid as anything in church 
or aristocracy. 

499
00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:18,400
And while you might not like it,
you understand its necessity. 

500
00:28:19,100 --> 00:28:21,700
Around the fourth week, 
something shifts in your mind. 

501
00:28:21,700 --> 00:28:25,600
The initial strangeness of being
at sea has worn off. 

502
00:28:25,608 --> 00:28:29,300
You no longer wake up. 
Surprised to find yourself on a 

503
00:28:29,300 --> 00:28:32,300
moving wooden platform, 
surrounded by endless water. 

504
00:28:33,400 --> 00:28:35,000
The routine has become 
automatic. 

505
00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:37,500
You can tie half the knots in 
your sleep. 

506
00:28:37,500 --> 00:28:41,700
Now, literally having woken 
yourself up several times going 

507
00:28:41,700 --> 00:28:45,900
through the motions But with the
acceptance of routine, Comes A 

508
00:28:45,900 --> 00:28:49,600
peculiar kind of isolation. 
You start to forget what Solid 

509
00:28:49,600 --> 00:28:52,300
Ground feels like when you close
your eyes. 

510
00:28:52,300 --> 00:28:56,100
And try to remember, walking on 
land, the memory feels distant 

511
00:28:56,100 --> 00:29:00,000
almost dreamlike did the ground 
really stay still. 

512
00:29:00,000 --> 00:29:03,200
Was there really a horizon with 
trees and buildings? 

513
00:29:03,200 --> 00:29:07,400
Your mother's face is getting 
harder to recall clearly the 

514
00:29:07,400 --> 00:29:10,500
smell of your village would 
smoke an animal manure and 

515
00:29:10,500 --> 00:29:13,200
whatever, the baker was making 
seems like something you 

516
00:29:13,200 --> 00:29:16,100
invented rather than something 
you actually experience. 

517
00:29:17,700 --> 00:29:22,300
Time distorts days blend 
together into a continuous 

518
00:29:22,300 --> 00:29:24,600
presence that has no clear 
beginning or end. 

519
00:29:25,500 --> 00:29:28,400
You know, intellectually that 
weaks of past but 

520
00:29:28,400 --> 00:29:31,400
experientially, it feels like 
one very long day that never 

521
00:29:31,400 --> 00:29:36,000
quite finishes. 
The sameness of the routine, the

522
00:29:36,000 --> 00:29:40,100
unchanging view, the repetitive 
tasks, all of it creates a 

523
00:29:40,108 --> 00:29:42,800
mental fog where past and future
become less. 

524
00:29:42,800 --> 00:29:46,700
Real than the immediate moment 
of hauling rope or swapping deck

525
00:29:46,700 --> 00:29:50,800
or choking down ships biscuit. 
You find yourself thinking about

526
00:29:50,800 --> 00:29:54,600
land in ways that surprise you. 
Not Grand thoughts about 

527
00:29:54,600 --> 00:29:58,300
exploration or Discovery, all 
the glory of reaching the new 

528
00:29:58,300 --> 00:30:02,000
world. 
Instead you think about small 

529
00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:06,100
things with an intensity that 
seems disproportionate you think

530
00:30:06,100 --> 00:30:09,900
about Apple's, you spend an 
entire watch imagining biting 

531
00:30:09,900 --> 00:30:13,000
into a fresh Apple, the way the 
skin breaks under your teeth, 

532
00:30:13,000 --> 00:30:16,200
the sweet juice and the crisp 
white flesh. 

533
00:30:16,900 --> 00:30:20,200
You can almost taste it. 
And they almost taste is somehow

534
00:30:20,200 --> 00:30:22,200
worse than not thinking about it
at all. 

535
00:30:22,200 --> 00:30:26,200
You think about walking just 
walking on ground? 

536
00:30:26,200 --> 00:30:29,500
That does not move in a straight
line for more than 50 feet 

537
00:30:29,500 --> 00:30:31,800
without having to turn around or
climb over something. 

538
00:30:32,700 --> 00:30:36,500
The ship is perhaps, 70, feet 
long, and every day you walk its

539
00:30:36,500 --> 00:30:40,400
lengths of time and every time 
you reach the end you have to 

540
00:30:40,408 --> 00:30:44,300
turn around and walk back. 
The concept of Walking In One 

541
00:30:44,308 --> 00:30:47,800
Direction for miles of choosing 
to walk to a different village, 

542
00:30:47,800 --> 00:30:51,400
just to see what it looks like 
that comes fantastically 

543
00:30:51,400 --> 00:30:55,400
appealing. 
The night sky at least provides 

544
00:30:55,400 --> 00:30:59,800
some comfort on clear nights 
when you're not on Watch and can

545
00:30:59,800 --> 00:31:02,800
lie on Deck. 
Looking up the stars are more 

546
00:31:02,800 --> 00:31:06,500
numerous and brighter than they 
ever were on land without the 

547
00:31:06,500 --> 00:31:08,600
smoke of cooking fires and 
candles. 

548
00:31:08,600 --> 00:31:12,400
Without the lights of villages, 
the sky reveals itself in its 

549
00:31:12,400 --> 00:31:16,900
full Glory, You can see the 
Milky Way as a luminous River 

550
00:31:16,900 --> 00:31:20,500
across the darkness. 
You can watch shooting stars Arc

551
00:31:20,500 --> 00:31:22,700
across the heavens. 
You can find the 

552
00:31:22,700 --> 00:31:26,200
constellation's, the master of 
torque you, the one Sailors used

553
00:31:26,200 --> 00:31:29,700
for navigation but also the ones
that are just their ancient 

554
00:31:29,700 --> 00:31:33,200
patterns traced by Greeks and 
Romans and Phoenicians before 

555
00:31:33,200 --> 00:31:35,800
them. 
There is something deeply 

556
00:31:35,800 --> 00:31:39,000
unsettling about the ocean at 
night during the day. 

557
00:31:39,000 --> 00:31:42,800
At least you can see, you can 
watch the wave spot potential 

558
00:31:42,800 --> 00:31:46,000
problems and take comfort in the
visible presence of your 

559
00:31:46,000 --> 00:31:50,700
Shipmates and the ship herself. 
But at night specially on 

560
00:31:50,708 --> 00:31:54,200
moonless nights, the darkness is
absolute. 

561
00:31:55,100 --> 00:31:58,700
The ocean becomes a presence, 
you can only hear the endless 

562
00:31:58,700 --> 00:32:02,600
slap and hiss of water against 
the hull, the groan of Timbers, 

563
00:32:02,600 --> 00:32:05,100
and the singing of wind through 
rigging. 

564
00:32:05,100 --> 00:32:07,900
You are suspended in darkness 
over depth. 

565
00:32:07,900 --> 00:32:12,200
You cannot see cannot comprehend
trusting that the ship will 

566
00:32:12,200 --> 00:32:15,200
continue to float. 
That the Navigator knows where 

567
00:32:15,200 --> 00:32:17,500
you're going. 
And that Dawn, will eventually 

568
00:32:17,500 --> 00:32:21,500
come some men handle this 
isolation better than others. 

569
00:32:22,600 --> 00:32:25,800
Rodriguez continues, his 
cheerful chatter apparently 

570
00:32:25,800 --> 00:32:30,200
unfazed by the monotony. 
Miguel, simply accepts it having

571
00:32:30,200 --> 00:32:33,100
done this enough times that. 
He knows it will end eventually 

572
00:32:33,100 --> 00:32:35,800
and there is no point 
complaining about what cannot be

573
00:32:35,800 --> 00:32:38,400
changed. 
But others withdraw into the 

574
00:32:38,400 --> 00:32:41,000
cells. 
You watch men become quieter 

575
00:32:41,000 --> 00:32:45,400
Weak by weak speaking only when 
necessary spending their free 

576
00:32:45,400 --> 00:32:47,300
time. 
Staring at the water with 

577
00:32:47,300 --> 00:32:51,000
expression of profound absence. 
There is one sailor. 

578
00:32:51,000 --> 00:32:53,700
An older man from Portugal. 
Whose name, you never learned 

579
00:32:53,700 --> 00:32:56,800
who stops speaking entirely 
around weak 5. 

580
00:32:57,700 --> 00:32:59,400
Not because anything dramatic 
happened. 

581
00:32:59,400 --> 00:33:02,700
No argument no injury. 
No incident. 

582
00:33:02,700 --> 00:33:06,500
He simply stops talking. 
He still does his work. 

583
00:33:06,500 --> 00:33:10,400
He still eats his rationals, but
he has retreated somewhere 

584
00:33:10,400 --> 00:33:13,300
inside himself where words are 
not needed or have stopped 

585
00:33:13,300 --> 00:33:16,700
making sense. 
The officers noticed, but do 

586
00:33:16,700 --> 00:33:18,800
nothing as long as he continues 
working. 

587
00:33:19,600 --> 00:33:22,300
Silence is not against any rule 
though. 

588
00:33:22,300 --> 00:33:24,200
It unsettles, the other Sailors 
in ways. 

589
00:33:24,200 --> 00:33:27,800
They do not discuss you 
developed small rituals to Mark 

590
00:33:27,800 --> 00:33:30,300
the passage of time and maintain
your sense of self. 

591
00:33:30,300 --> 00:33:34,200
Every morning you count your 
remaining small store of figs 

592
00:33:34,200 --> 00:33:37,900
even though the number decreases
by predictable increments and 

593
00:33:37,900 --> 00:33:40,300
Counting them. 
Serves no purpose except to 

594
00:33:40,300 --> 00:33:44,300
confirm that time is passing. 
You keep a small pebble from 

595
00:33:44,300 --> 00:33:45,800
home in your pocket and touch 
it. 

596
00:33:45,800 --> 00:33:49,900
Periodically as if maintaining 
contact with this small piece of

597
00:33:49,900 --> 00:33:53,100
solid earth will keep you 
anchored to the reality of land.

598
00:33:54,100 --> 00:33:56,700
You whisper your own name to 
yourself, sometimes, just to 

599
00:33:56,700 --> 00:33:59,800
hear it to remind yourself, that
you are still you. 

600
00:33:59,800 --> 00:34:03,700
And not just another pair of 
hands hauling rope, the cycle. 

601
00:34:03,700 --> 00:34:07,400
Weight of the voyage accumulates
slowly, like water seeping into 

602
00:34:07,400 --> 00:34:11,699
the bilge each day, adds only a 
little to the burden, but we 

603
00:34:11,699 --> 00:34:14,900
have to weak the accumulated. 
Weight becomes significant. 

604
00:34:14,900 --> 00:34:20,000
Your tired in ways that sleep 
does not fix your lonely. 

605
00:34:20,000 --> 00:34:23,800
Despite being surrounded by men.
Your home sick for places and 

606
00:34:23,800 --> 00:34:26,500
people you are not even 
particularly fond of before 

607
00:34:26,500 --> 00:34:29,500
leaving. 
The Village Baker, who always 

608
00:34:29,500 --> 00:34:31,100
short-changed everyone on 
Broadway. 

609
00:34:31,100 --> 00:34:33,900
Now seems like a Charming 
character. 

610
00:34:33,900 --> 00:34:39,199
You would give anything to argue
with again. by week 6, the food 

611
00:34:39,199 --> 00:34:43,600
situation has become genuinely 
concerning the ship's biscuit 

612
00:34:43,600 --> 00:34:47,208
has developed an ecosystem. 
Small, gray, weevils live in the

613
00:34:47,216 --> 00:34:51,300
barrels and the biscuit pieces 
are often more than substance. 

614
00:34:52,199 --> 00:34:55,300
The accepted practice is to tap 
your biscuit against the table 

615
00:34:55,300 --> 00:34:58,600
before eating it, which 
dislodges some of the weevils, 

616
00:34:58,600 --> 00:35:02,300
not all of them that would be 
impossible but enough that you 

617
00:35:02,300 --> 00:35:04,800
can eat it without the texture, 
being overwhelmingly. 

618
00:35:04,800 --> 00:35:07,700
Squirmy, you have stopped 
thinking of the remaining 

619
00:35:07,700 --> 00:35:11,100
weevils as contamination and 
started thinking of them as 

620
00:35:11,108 --> 00:35:14,600
protein, which is either 
pragmatic or deeply worrying. 

621
00:35:14,600 --> 00:35:18,600
Depending on your perspective, 
the salt pork has transformed 

622
00:35:18,600 --> 00:35:21,900
from merely an appetizing to 
actively questionable. 

623
00:35:22,800 --> 00:35:25,600
The meat that is supposed to be 
pink under its salt crust as 

624
00:35:25,600 --> 00:35:29,300
taken on a green machine, and it
smells like something that died 

625
00:35:29,300 --> 00:35:30,900
and was not discovered for 
several days. 

626
00:35:31,800 --> 00:35:34,800
The cook insist. 
This is normal that salt pork 

627
00:35:34,800 --> 00:35:36,800
always smells like death and 
disappointment. 

628
00:35:37,600 --> 00:35:41,000
He boils it for hours which does
reduce the smell to merely 

629
00:35:41,000 --> 00:35:42,800
nausea. 
Eating rather than actively 

630
00:35:42,800 --> 00:35:45,300
offensive. 
The resulting meat has the 

631
00:35:45,300 --> 00:35:48,400
texture of shoe leather and 
about the same amount of flavor,

632
00:35:48,400 --> 00:35:52,700
but it is protein and your body.
Craves it enough that you chew 

633
00:35:52,700 --> 00:35:56,700
through it without complaint The
peas have held up better than 

634
00:35:56,700 --> 00:35:59,400
most provisions. 
Possibly because they were 

635
00:35:59,400 --> 00:36:02,900
already essentially Immortal. 
When loaded aboard boiled into 

636
00:36:02,900 --> 00:36:06,300
submission, they form a grayish 
Pace that sticks to your ribs 

637
00:36:06,300 --> 00:36:09,900
and requires no chewing. 
This is good because your teeth 

638
00:36:09,908 --> 00:36:14,300
are starting to hurt your gums 
are getting soft and chewing has

639
00:36:14,300 --> 00:36:17,500
become an activity. 
You avoid when possible, Cook 

640
00:36:17,500 --> 00:36:21,100
says, this is normal. 
That is just scurvy. 

641
00:36:21,100 --> 00:36:25,300
Starting that everyone gets it 
on Long voyages and that it will

642
00:36:25,300 --> 00:36:27,600
get better. 
Once you reach land and can eat 

643
00:36:27,600 --> 00:36:31,200
fresh food again. 
This is not particularly 

644
00:36:31,200 --> 00:36:34,900
reassuring, the whiners passed 
through several stages of 

645
00:36:34,900 --> 00:36:38,000
vinegar and has now achieved a 
state that might best be 

646
00:36:38,000 --> 00:36:39,900
described as a aggressive 
acidity. 

647
00:36:39,900 --> 00:36:43,100
It could probably be used to 
clean rust off metal. 

648
00:36:43,100 --> 00:36:46,600
You drink it anyway. 
Holding a breath, and swallowing

649
00:36:46,600 --> 00:36:49,800
quickly because the alternative 
is water that has turned green 

650
00:36:49,800 --> 00:36:52,200
in the barrels and hosts. 
Small swimming creatures. 

651
00:36:52,200 --> 00:36:55,400
That were definitely not present
when the water was first. 

652
00:36:55,400 --> 00:36:58,400
Stored some men have started 
catching rainwater during 

653
00:36:58,400 --> 00:37:01,600
storms, holding up cups and 
trying to collect clean water 

654
00:37:01,600 --> 00:37:04,600
before it runs across the deck 
and picks up the taste of tar 

655
00:37:04,600 --> 00:37:07,900
and wood and whatever else makes
deck water undrinkable. 

656
00:37:09,000 --> 00:37:13,900
Protein becomes an obsession you
dream about meat, not the salt 

657
00:37:13,900 --> 00:37:16,100
pork that you're eating, but 
real meat. 

658
00:37:16,100 --> 00:37:19,000
Fresh meat. 
The kind you remember from 

659
00:37:19,000 --> 00:37:23,600
festivals and Market Days, 
roasted chicken, grilled fish 

660
00:37:23,600 --> 00:37:27,700
beef stew with actual vegetables
that are not dried and 

661
00:37:27,700 --> 00:37:30,300
reconstituted. 
You're waking thoughts, 

662
00:37:30,300 --> 00:37:34,000
increasingly revolve around food
during watches when there is 

663
00:37:34,000 --> 00:37:37,200
little to, do you mentally 
catalog every meal? 

664
00:37:37,200 --> 00:37:40,600
You remember eating in the last 
year, examining each one in 

665
00:37:40,600 --> 00:37:44,500
detail, remembering flavors and 
textures with an intensity that 

666
00:37:44,500 --> 00:37:49,300
seems almost religious. 
The ship stores or include rice,

667
00:37:49,300 --> 00:37:51,600
which sounds promising until you
taste. 

668
00:37:51,600 --> 00:37:54,400
The rice that has been sitting 
in a damp hold for six weeks. 

669
00:37:54,400 --> 00:37:58,600
It has absorbed various flavors 
from its environment creating a 

670
00:37:58,600 --> 00:38:01,500
taste profile that could 
generously be described as 

671
00:38:01,500 --> 00:38:05,500
complex and more accurately 
described as musty. 

672
00:38:06,800 --> 00:38:09,600
Cook attempts to improve it by 
boiling it with some of the salt

673
00:38:09,600 --> 00:38:12,700
pork fat, which does make it 
more edible in the sense that 

674
00:38:12,700 --> 00:38:15,800
everything tastes like salt pork
fat, which at least is a 

675
00:38:15,800 --> 00:38:19,300
familiar flavor. 
There are so dried fish, which 

676
00:38:19,300 --> 00:38:22,200
seemed like a good idea when 
they were loaded aboard and have

677
00:38:22,200 --> 00:38:25,900
since become an argument against
phishing General, The drawing 

678
00:38:25,900 --> 00:38:29,100
process is concentrated, the 
fishiness to levels that are 

679
00:38:29,100 --> 00:38:32,600
almost weaponized. 
When the cook opens a barrel of 

680
00:38:32,608 --> 00:38:35,500
dried fish, everyone within 20 
feet knows. 

681
00:38:35,500 --> 00:38:38,900
It immediately, the resulting 
meal tastes exactly like you 

682
00:38:38,900 --> 00:38:40,400
would. 
Imagine fish would taste, if 

683
00:38:40,400 --> 00:38:43,600
fish were a form of punishment, 
you eat it because not eating 

684
00:38:43,600 --> 00:38:47,100
means being hungry, and being 
hungry means being weak and 

685
00:38:47,100 --> 00:38:49,100
being weak. 
On a ship means, not being able 

686
00:38:49,100 --> 00:38:52,700
to do your work and not doing 
your work, means the boats and 

687
00:38:52,700 --> 00:38:55,500
becomes interested in your 
welfare in ways that are not 

688
00:38:55,508 --> 00:39:00,800
pleasant. 
There is a moment about seven 

689
00:39:00,800 --> 00:39:04,500
weeks in when you're eating your
evening ration of boiled, peas 

690
00:39:04,500 --> 00:39:08,300
and Weevil enhance biscuit and 
questionable salt pork. 

691
00:39:08,300 --> 00:39:11,200
When you realize, you've 
forgotten what being fully 

692
00:39:11,200 --> 00:39:14,700
satisfied. 
After a meal feels like you're 

693
00:39:14,700 --> 00:39:16,600
always hungry. 
Not starving. 

694
00:39:16,600 --> 00:39:19,400
The rationals are calculated to 
keep men working. 

695
00:39:19,400 --> 00:39:22,100
If not comfortable, but never 
satisfied. 

696
00:39:22,100 --> 00:39:25,000
Your stomach is always a little 
empty. 

697
00:39:25,000 --> 00:39:27,500
Your body is always wanting 
more. 

698
00:39:28,500 --> 00:39:31,700
This Perpetual low level hunger 
becomes as much a part of your 

699
00:39:31,700 --> 00:39:35,500
existence as the motion of the 
ship or the sound of the waves. 

700
00:39:36,600 --> 00:39:39,100
A few luxuries that were brought
aboard, have long since been 

701
00:39:39,100 --> 00:39:42,200
consumed? 
The dried figs your mother gave 

702
00:39:42,200 --> 00:39:45,100
you a gun. 
Someone's wheels of cheese have 

703
00:39:45,100 --> 00:39:48,400
been distributed and eaten the 
small stores of honey and 

704
00:39:48,400 --> 00:39:50,800
preserved fruits that were 
supposed to make the voyage more

705
00:39:50,800 --> 00:39:54,400
bearable lasted, perhaps three 
weeks before being depleted. 

706
00:39:54,400 --> 00:40:00,400
Now, you are down to the basics 
biscuit, pork peas, and 

707
00:40:00,400 --> 00:40:04,100
aggressive wine, and you will be
eating the same things in the 

708
00:40:04,100 --> 00:40:07,100
same combinations. 
However, many more weeks, it 

709
00:40:07,100 --> 00:40:10,500
takes to reach land. 
Ironically, you are surrounded 

710
00:40:10,500 --> 00:40:15,600
by food fish, jump alongside the
ship regularly Birds land in the

711
00:40:15,608 --> 00:40:18,300
rigging. 
The ocean contains more fish 

712
00:40:18,300 --> 00:40:19,500
than you could eat in a 
lifetime. 

713
00:40:19,500 --> 00:40:23,700
But catching them is difficult. 
Fishing lines are deployed when 

714
00:40:23,700 --> 00:40:26,300
weather permits and 
occasionally, someone holds up 

715
00:40:26,300 --> 00:40:29,200
something edible. 
These fish are distributed among

716
00:40:29,200 --> 00:40:32,000
the crew and devoured with a 
desperate and enthusiasm that 

717
00:40:32,000 --> 00:40:34,500
surprises. 
Everyone who experiences it? 

718
00:40:34,500 --> 00:40:39,400
Fresh fish even small ones, even
ones that are mostly bones. 

719
00:40:39,400 --> 00:40:43,300
Taste like the finest delicacy 
after weeks of salt, pork and 

720
00:40:43,300 --> 00:40:46,600
weevils. 
One more mourning, someone 

721
00:40:46,600 --> 00:40:50,000
catches a sea bird that made the
mistake of landing on a yardarm 

722
00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:53,200
within grabbing range. 
There's a serious discussion 

723
00:40:53,200 --> 00:40:56,600
about cooking it. 
Cook points out that seabirds 

724
00:40:56,600 --> 00:40:59,400
taste terrible, that they eat 
fish and other things. 

725
00:40:59,400 --> 00:41:01,300
You do not want to think about 
that. 

726
00:41:01,300 --> 00:41:04,300
Even boiling one for hours will 
not improve, the fundamental 

727
00:41:04,300 --> 00:41:07,900
fishiness of the meat. 
This argument is ignored. 

728
00:41:08,500 --> 00:41:11,500
The bird is plucked cleaned and 
boiled. 

729
00:41:11,500 --> 00:41:15,700
The cook is proven correct. 
It tastes like fish flavored 

730
00:41:15,700 --> 00:41:17,100
chicken in the worst possible 
way. 

731
00:41:18,000 --> 00:41:21,600
But everyone eats their share 
anyway because it is meat and it

732
00:41:21,600 --> 00:41:25,400
is different from salt pork and 
variety matters when you've been

733
00:41:25,400 --> 00:41:29,100
eating the same thing for weeks.
You're becoming a different 

734
00:41:29,100 --> 00:41:31,800
person, though. 
The changes are so gradually. 

735
00:41:31,800 --> 00:41:35,300
You barely notice it. 
Your hands, which were soft when

736
00:41:35,300 --> 00:41:37,600
you started. 
This Voyage are now covered in, 

737
00:41:37,600 --> 00:41:40,700
calluses thick enough, that you 
can grip rough rope without much

738
00:41:40,700 --> 00:41:43,900
pain. 
Tie knots without thinking about

739
00:41:43,900 --> 00:41:47,000
them. 
Bowlines clove hitches and Sheet

740
00:41:47,000 --> 00:41:50,400
bends, each one flowing from 
your fingers in the correct 

741
00:41:50,400 --> 00:41:53,200
sequence, even when you're half 
asleep or fully exhausted. 

742
00:41:54,100 --> 00:41:57,700
These notes will stay with you 
for life, muscle memory written 

743
00:41:57,700 --> 00:42:00,900
so deeply that you could 
probably tie them as an old man.

744
00:42:00,900 --> 00:42:03,900
Even if you forgot your own 
name, you have learned to walk 

745
00:42:03,900 --> 00:42:06,000
on a moving deck without 
thinking about it. 

746
00:42:06,700 --> 00:42:10,300
The first few weeks, you 
stumbled constantly reaching out

747
00:42:10,300 --> 00:42:12,500
to grab rails and ropes for 
balance. 

748
00:42:13,100 --> 00:42:16,000
Now, your body automatically 
adjusts to the ship's motion 

749
00:42:16,000 --> 00:42:20,000
shifting your weight without 
conscious thought moving across 

750
00:42:20,000 --> 00:42:23,000
the deck with a rolling gate 
that would look absurd on land 

751
00:42:23,000 --> 00:42:26,500
but is perfectly suited to a 
tilting swaying platform 

752
00:42:26,500 --> 00:42:30,300
suspended on water. 
When you do return to land, you 

753
00:42:30,300 --> 00:42:34,100
will find yourself still swaying
still adjusting for motion, that

754
00:42:34,100 --> 00:42:37,000
is not there. 
You're inner ear, confused by 

755
00:42:37,000 --> 00:42:40,800
the Stillness of solid ground. 
You have learned to sleep 

756
00:42:40,800 --> 00:42:44,600
anywhere in any position in 
almost any weather. 

757
00:42:45,700 --> 00:42:50,000
First weeks, you needed darkness
and quiet and relative Comfort 

758
00:42:50,000 --> 00:42:52,700
to sleep. 
Now, you can fall asleep, 

759
00:42:52,700 --> 00:42:57,000
sitting up leaning, against a 
masked with rain falling on your

760
00:42:57,000 --> 00:42:59,100
head. 
Because when you are tired 

761
00:42:59,100 --> 00:43:02,900
enough, sleep happens, 
regardless of conditions you 

762
00:43:02,900 --> 00:43:05,700
have learned to wake instantly 
when your name is called, or a 

763
00:43:05,700 --> 00:43:08,100
bell rings or someone shakes, 
your shoulder going from 

764
00:43:08,100 --> 00:43:11,700
unconscious to working in 
seconds because there is no room

765
00:43:11,700 --> 00:43:14,100
aboard ship for grogginess or 
gradual waking. 

766
00:43:15,200 --> 00:43:18,400
You have learned to judge the 
weather from subtle signs, the 

767
00:43:18,400 --> 00:43:22,300
smell of the air, the shape of 
clouds, the behavior of birds, 

768
00:43:22,300 --> 00:43:24,600
and the feel of the wind on your
skin. 

769
00:43:25,500 --> 00:43:28,500
You cannot predict storms as 
well as the experienced Sailors,

770
00:43:28,500 --> 00:43:31,700
but you are learning. 
You notice when the barometer 

771
00:43:31,700 --> 00:43:35,100
drops, when the light takes on 
that particular, yellow quality,

772
00:43:35,100 --> 00:43:38,400
and when the swells begin to 
organize themselves into 

773
00:43:38,400 --> 00:43:40,400
patterns, that mean, bad weather
is coming. 

774
00:43:41,300 --> 00:43:44,900
This knowledge is bought with 
experience with time spent 

775
00:43:44,900 --> 00:43:47,400
watching and learning and 
occasionally being caught by 

776
00:43:47,400 --> 00:43:49,200
surprise when you miss the 
signs. 

777
00:43:50,100 --> 00:43:51,300
You have learned the ships 
language. 

778
00:43:51,300 --> 00:43:55,300
The particular creaks and 
groans, that mean she is working

779
00:43:55,300 --> 00:43:58,700
normally versus the sound. 
That indicates something is 

780
00:43:58,700 --> 00:44:01,500
wrong. 
The rhythmic squeaking of the 

781
00:44:01,500 --> 00:44:04,900
rudder-post is normal. 
The sharp crack of wood under 

782
00:44:04,900 --> 00:44:08,100
strain, might mean a Timber is 
splitting the singing of 

783
00:44:08,100 --> 00:44:11,700
overnight means you need to ease
off before something breaks. 

784
00:44:12,600 --> 00:44:16,900
Ship talks constantly, and you 
have learned to listen to 

785
00:44:16,900 --> 00:44:19,900
interpret and to respond to what
she is telling you. 

786
00:44:20,700 --> 00:44:24,300
You've learned to work a loft 
climbing, the rigging to adjust 

787
00:44:24,300 --> 00:44:27,600
sales while the ship rolls 
beneath you, and the deck looks 

788
00:44:27,600 --> 00:44:31,400
impossibly small and far away. 
The first time you had to go up.

789
00:44:31,400 --> 00:44:32,900
In rough weather, you were 
terrified. 

790
00:44:32,900 --> 00:44:36,500
Now, you are merely carefully 
respectful of the height and the

791
00:44:36,500 --> 00:44:40,200
danger, you understand that one 
hand is for the ship and one 

792
00:44:40,200 --> 00:44:43,800
hand is for yourself that you 
check every grip before, 

793
00:44:43,800 --> 00:44:47,300
trusting your weight to it, and 
that you move deliberately and 

794
00:44:47,300 --> 00:44:50,700
never quickly because quick 
movements are Loft to lead to 

795
00:44:50,700 --> 00:44:54,600
Falls and Falls to death, or 
injury that amounts to the same 

796
00:44:54,600 --> 00:44:56,400
thing. 
When you're weaks from any 

797
00:44:56,400 --> 00:45:00,400
doctor, worth the name. 
You have learned to splice rope.

798
00:45:01,400 --> 00:45:03,400
Skill. 
That seemed impossibly complex 

799
00:45:03,400 --> 00:45:07,500
when first demonstrated Now, 
your fingers can tease apart the

800
00:45:07,500 --> 00:45:11,500
strands weave them together in 
the correct pattern and create a

801
00:45:11,500 --> 00:45:13,400
splice stronger than the Rope 
itself. 

802
00:45:14,700 --> 00:45:18,300
You take pride in this in the 
neat uniform appearance of your 

803
00:45:18,300 --> 00:45:21,300
splices and in the fact that 
experienced Sailors. 

804
00:45:21,300 --> 00:45:23,900
Now sometimes ask you to help 
with particularly difficult 

805
00:45:23,900 --> 00:45:28,100
supplying work, you have learned
patience of a kind, you never 

806
00:45:28,108 --> 00:45:31,800
knew existed on land on land. 
If you were hungry, you ate. 

807
00:45:31,800 --> 00:45:35,600
If you were tired, you slept, if
you are uncomfortable, you 

808
00:45:35,600 --> 00:45:39,000
adjusted your position. 
Let's see, you cannot control 

809
00:45:39,000 --> 00:45:42,000
these things. 
You are hungry but the next meal

810
00:45:42,000 --> 00:45:46,300
comes when it comes not before 
you are tired, but your watch 

811
00:45:46,300 --> 00:45:48,100
has three more hours before you 
can sleep. 

812
00:45:48,100 --> 00:45:51,900
You are uncomfortable, but there
is no comfortable position to be

813
00:45:51,900 --> 00:45:54,800
found. 
So you exist in discomfort until

814
00:45:54,800 --> 00:45:57,800
it becomes normal and you stop 
noticing it as much. 

815
00:45:58,800 --> 00:46:02,200
You have learned the value of 
small things, a dry pair of 

816
00:46:02,208 --> 00:46:05,500
socks is treasure. 
A cup of water that does not 

817
00:46:05,500 --> 00:46:08,700
taste. 
Actively foul is a luxury, a 

818
00:46:08,700 --> 00:46:11,400
night of sleep. 
Uninterrupted by emergencies or 

819
00:46:11,400 --> 00:46:15,600
rough weather is a gift. 
These small Comforts, which you 

820
00:46:15,600 --> 00:46:18,200
would not have noticed on land, 
become the highlights of your 

821
00:46:18,200 --> 00:46:22,100
existence you hoard them in 
memory recalling the time two 

822
00:46:22,100 --> 00:46:25,300
weeks ago when you slept six 
hours straight all that morning.

823
00:46:25,300 --> 00:46:28,300
When the cook made a biscuit 
that was actually crispy instead

824
00:46:28,300 --> 00:46:31,600
of soggy You have learned that 
you are stronger than you 

825
00:46:31,600 --> 00:46:34,200
thought, both physically and 
mentally. 

826
00:46:35,400 --> 00:46:37,300
For this Voyage, you would not 
have believed. 

827
00:46:37,300 --> 00:46:40,200
You could work a full watch on 
minimal, sleep and bad food. 

828
00:46:40,200 --> 00:46:43,600
Then work, another half watch 
because the weather demanded it.

829
00:46:43,600 --> 00:46:46,800
You would not have believed. 
You could climb swaying rigging 

830
00:46:46,800 --> 00:46:49,900
in a storm, you would not have 
believed, you could endure weeks

831
00:46:49,900 --> 00:46:53,800
of monotony without going mad. 
But here you are doing all of 

832
00:46:53,800 --> 00:46:56,400
these things, surviving in an 
environment that would have 

833
00:46:56,408 --> 00:46:58,000
broken. 
The person you were before 

834
00:46:58,000 --> 00:47:00,700
boarding the ship. 
By the 8th week. 

835
00:47:00,700 --> 00:47:04,300
You have stopped asking how much
farther everyone has stopped 

836
00:47:04,300 --> 00:47:07,600
asking how much farther. 
The officers do not know with 

837
00:47:07,600 --> 00:47:11,200
any precision and asking only 
reminds everyone that you are 

838
00:47:11,200 --> 00:47:14,500
still nowhere near Land. 
The Voyage takes, as long as it 

839
00:47:14,500 --> 00:47:18,700
takes the wind determines, the 
speed, the current, determine 

840
00:47:18,700 --> 00:47:22,900
the root, your passengers on a 
journey, whose duration cannot 

841
00:47:22,900 --> 00:47:26,300
be known in advance. 
Only endured until completion. 

842
00:47:26,300 --> 00:47:29,500
The ship herself is showing the 
strain of the voyage. 

843
00:47:30,300 --> 00:47:32,700
Sales, that were new. 
When you departed, and now 

844
00:47:32,700 --> 00:47:36,900
patched in multiple places, the 
neat squares of canvas visible 

845
00:47:36,900 --> 00:47:38,700
as slightly different shade of 
white. 

846
00:47:39,900 --> 00:47:42,900
Ropes, a fraying and being 
replaced section by section. 

847
00:47:44,000 --> 00:47:47,000
The deck planking is worn smooth
in the high traffic areas. 

848
00:47:47,800 --> 00:47:49,700
Everything. 
Wooden is swelling, and 

849
00:47:49,700 --> 00:47:53,900
shrinking and warping with the 
constant damp. the carpenter, 

850
00:47:53,900 --> 00:47:57,600
spend his days making repairs 
fixing problems before they 

851
00:47:57,600 --> 00:48:00,400
become emergencies and 
occasionally, discovering 

852
00:48:00,400 --> 00:48:03,000
problems that have already 
become emergence is without 

853
00:48:03,000 --> 00:48:06,500
anyone noticing You're all 
showing strain as well. 

854
00:48:06,500 --> 00:48:10,600
Everyone has lost weight. 
The combination of hard work and

855
00:48:10,600 --> 00:48:14,500
inadequate nutrition means your 
clothes, hang loose, your belt 

856
00:48:14,500 --> 00:48:17,200
needs new holes and your faces 
become gaunt. 

857
00:48:17,200 --> 00:48:19,200
Your gums are definitely 
bleeding. 

858
00:48:19,200 --> 00:48:22,400
Now when you eat the hard 
biscuit leaving, pink stains 

859
00:48:22,400 --> 00:48:26,400
that you try not to examine too 
closely Several men have 

860
00:48:26,400 --> 00:48:29,700
developed sores, that do not 
heal properly, the early signs 

861
00:48:29,700 --> 00:48:34,000
of serious scurvy. 
Ships surgeon bleeds them, which

862
00:48:34,000 --> 00:48:36,700
helps nothing, but at least 
gives the appearance of medical 

863
00:48:36,700 --> 00:48:39,700
intervention. 
Tempers are shorter. 

864
00:48:39,700 --> 00:48:43,200
The small irritations that were 
amusing in week. 2 are 

865
00:48:43,200 --> 00:48:47,800
infuriating in week 8. 
Portuguese humans continued for 

866
00:48:47,800 --> 00:48:51,100
getting of his bilge Duty. 
Finally comes to a head when two

867
00:48:51,100 --> 00:48:54,700
Sailors confront him directly 
there is shouting their is 

868
00:48:54,700 --> 00:48:57,600
shoving. 
The boats went intervenes before

869
00:48:57,600 --> 00:49:01,600
it becomes actual fighting and 
Duo is a signed double billed 

870
00:49:01,600 --> 00:49:04,700
for the next week. 
This is considered fair by 

871
00:49:04,700 --> 00:49:08,200
everyone exceptional who sulks 
but complies because the 

872
00:49:08,200 --> 00:49:12,000
alternative is worse. 
The silence between the two. 

873
00:49:12,000 --> 00:49:13,900
Sailors. 
From the same Village, has 

874
00:49:13,900 --> 00:49:17,300
evolved from Angry silence to 
something more like weary 

875
00:49:17,300 --> 00:49:20,500
acceptance of Silence, they will
probably never speak again, 

876
00:49:20,500 --> 00:49:24,600
their friendship, whatever it 
was has been killed by proximity

877
00:49:24,600 --> 00:49:27,700
in Grudge and the particular 
kind of ossification that 

878
00:49:27,700 --> 00:49:31,500
happens when you see the same 
person every day for months with

879
00:49:31,500 --> 00:49:35,000
no escape from their presence. 
New friendships have formed 

880
00:49:35,000 --> 00:49:38,100
though you and Miguel and 
Rodriguez of become a sort of 

881
00:49:38,100 --> 00:49:42,200
unit eating together, when 
possible sharing tobacco and 

882
00:49:42,200 --> 00:49:44,600
stories and working alongside 
each other. 

883
00:49:44,600 --> 00:49:48,600
When the duty rotation allows 
These friendships are 

884
00:49:48,600 --> 00:49:52,400
circumstantial formed by 
proximity and shared misery. 

885
00:49:53,400 --> 00:49:56,700
But they feel real nonetheless, 
you suspect? 

886
00:49:56,700 --> 00:49:59,800
You will remember these men for 
the rest of your life, even if 

887
00:49:59,800 --> 00:50:02,100
you never see them again after 
making port. 

888
00:50:02,900 --> 00:50:05,000
The younger Sailors talk about 
what they will do. 

889
00:50:05,000 --> 00:50:07,600
When they reach land, they will 
eat fresh bread. 

890
00:50:07,600 --> 00:50:11,100
They will drink clean water from
a well, they will sleep on 

891
00:50:11,100 --> 00:50:12,600
ground. 
That does not move. 

892
00:50:12,600 --> 00:50:15,500
They will walk in straight lines
for Miles. 

893
00:50:15,500 --> 00:50:20,500
Their plans are elaborate and 
specific and touching naive as 

894
00:50:20,500 --> 00:50:22,400
if the new world is simply 
Spain. 

895
00:50:22,400 --> 00:50:26,600
Relocated across an ocean rather
than a genuinely different place

896
00:50:26,600 --> 00:50:30,300
with different challenges. 
The older Sailors the ones who 

897
00:50:30,300 --> 00:50:33,600
have done this before, say less,
they know that reaching land 

898
00:50:33,600 --> 00:50:36,900
means the beginning of different
hardships, the work of unloading

899
00:50:36,900 --> 00:50:41,300
cargo the negotiations overpay 
the temptation to spend all your

900
00:50:41,300 --> 00:50:44,900
wages in the first Port, Tavern 
and the eventual necessity of 

901
00:50:44,900 --> 00:50:48,000
signing onto another ship 
because what else you qualify to

902
00:50:48,000 --> 00:50:50,600
do now. 
But they do not share these 

903
00:50:50,600 --> 00:50:53,900
thoughts with the younger men. 
Let them have their dreams of 

904
00:50:53,900 --> 00:50:58,200
fresh bread and stable ground. 
The master takes son sightings 

905
00:50:58,200 --> 00:51:00,600
every day. 
At noon weather permitting, 

906
00:51:00,600 --> 00:51:04,400
using his cross staff to measure
the sun's angle of the Horizon. 

907
00:51:04,400 --> 00:51:09,000
He makes calculations consults 
his charts and announces that 

908
00:51:09,000 --> 00:51:12,300
you are making good progress. 
This is encouraging Until you 

909
00:51:12,300 --> 00:51:14,000
realize. 
He's been announcing good 

910
00:51:14,000 --> 00:51:17,400
progress for weeks and you are 
still nowhere near Land. 

911
00:51:17,400 --> 00:51:21,400
Good progress and you are 
learning are relative Concepts. 

912
00:51:22,100 --> 00:51:25,500
Birds begin appearing more 
frequently which is taken as a 

913
00:51:25,500 --> 00:51:29,000
positive sign, land Birds. 
The master explains do not 

914
00:51:29,008 --> 00:51:31,900
Venture far from Shore. 
Their presence suggests 

915
00:51:31,900 --> 00:51:35,700
proximity to Solid ground though
how much proximity remains 

916
00:51:35,700 --> 00:51:38,700
unclear. 
Could be a day away could be a 

917
00:51:38,700 --> 00:51:41,800
week. 
The ocean is large and bird. 

918
00:51:41,800 --> 00:51:45,200
Flight Rangers variable and 
everything about navigation is 

919
00:51:45,200 --> 00:51:47,900
approximate. 
You start having dreams about 

920
00:51:47,900 --> 00:51:52,400
land with increasing frequency. 
Not coherent dreams with plots 

921
00:51:52,400 --> 00:51:55,900
but sensory fragments the smell 
of pine trees. 

922
00:51:55,900 --> 00:52:00,100
The sound of a stream, the 
feeling of grass, under bare 

923
00:52:00,100 --> 00:52:04,400
feet, the taste of fresh milk 
You wake from these dreams with 

924
00:52:04,400 --> 00:52:06,800
a physical ache. 
A homesickness. 

925
00:52:06,800 --> 00:52:08,400
So intense. 
It is almost painful. 

926
00:52:08,400 --> 00:52:11,900
You have been at Sea so long 
that land has become a mythical 

927
00:52:11,900 --> 00:52:14,300
Place. 
Something you remember but are 

928
00:52:14,300 --> 00:52:18,700
not entirely sure, still exists.
The first sign that land is 

929
00:52:18,700 --> 00:52:23,100
genuinely, close comes from the 
leadman finding bottom at 100 

930
00:52:23,100 --> 00:52:25,300
fathoms. 
The announcement sends a ripple 

931
00:52:25,300 --> 00:52:28,200
of excitement through the entire
crew for weeks. 

932
00:52:28,200 --> 00:52:32,000
The lead has found nothing but 
depth now, there is something 

933
00:52:32,000 --> 00:52:36,100
down there, something solid, 
which means the seabed is 

934
00:52:36,100 --> 00:52:40,800
rising, which means a coastline 
is approaching The mood aboard 

935
00:52:40,800 --> 00:52:46,100
ship shifts noticeably men work 
with more energy conversations 

936
00:52:46,100 --> 00:52:49,200
become more animated. 
Even the food seems slightly 

937
00:52:49,200 --> 00:52:51,800
less awful when eaten with the 
knowledge that better food is 

938
00:52:51,800 --> 00:52:55,200
coming soon. 
The second sign is the 

939
00:52:55,200 --> 00:52:58,300
watercolor. 
The deep blue of mid-ocean is 

940
00:52:58,308 --> 00:53:01,700
giving way to a greenish tint. 
That indicates shallower water. 

941
00:53:02,600 --> 00:53:07,000
Floating debris, appears, 
branches, leave and things that 

942
00:53:07,000 --> 00:53:09,700
could only have come from Land, 
someone spots. 

943
00:53:09,700 --> 00:53:12,500
What might be a bird or might be
a piece of bark, but either way,

944
00:53:12,500 --> 00:53:15,400
it is something that is not just
empty ocean and that is 

945
00:53:15,400 --> 00:53:18,800
progress. 
Third sign is the smell. 

946
00:53:19,700 --> 00:53:21,900
On a morning, watch you catch a 
scent on the wind. 

947
00:53:21,900 --> 00:53:25,300
That makes you stop mid task. 
It is the smell of Earth. 

948
00:53:26,000 --> 00:53:30,800
A vegetation of land. 
It's so faint, you're not 

949
00:53:30,808 --> 00:53:32,700
entirely. 
Sure you're not imagining it. 

950
00:53:33,500 --> 00:53:36,300
But others smell it too and the 
master confirms it. 

951
00:53:37,300 --> 00:53:40,300
Lands smells can carry far over 
water under the right 

952
00:53:40,300 --> 00:53:42,400
conditions. 
You are closed now. 

953
00:53:42,400 --> 00:53:47,800
Not there but close The next 
day, the lookout in the Crow's 

954
00:53:47,800 --> 00:53:50,700
Nest calls out the word everyone
has been waiting to hear. 

955
00:53:51,500 --> 00:53:54,400
Land. 
The announcement is greeted with

956
00:53:54,400 --> 00:53:58,000
a cheer that probably frightened
fish for Miles, you rushed to 

957
00:53:58,008 --> 00:53:59,400
the rail along with everyone 
else. 

958
00:53:59,400 --> 00:54:02,000
Training to see what the 
Lookouts heighted Advantage is 

959
00:54:02,000 --> 00:54:05,000
revealed. 
At first, you see nothing? 

960
00:54:05,000 --> 00:54:08,900
Then as the ship Rises on a 
swell, you Glimpse it? 

961
00:54:09,700 --> 00:54:14,800
A thin dark line on the horizon.
So fainted could be a cloud, but

962
00:54:14,800 --> 00:54:17,100
it is not moving like a cloud 
moves. 

963
00:54:17,100 --> 00:54:19,900
It is land. 
It is real. 

964
00:54:21,100 --> 00:54:23,300
You're not going to spend the 
rest of your life on this wooden

965
00:54:23,300 --> 00:54:25,500
box off. 
After all, the approach to land 

966
00:54:25,500 --> 00:54:29,200
is slow than anyone wants. 
The coast is visible, but 

967
00:54:29,200 --> 00:54:32,300
distant the wind, which was 
favorable for crossing, the 

968
00:54:32,300 --> 00:54:35,900
ocean is now coming from the 
wrong direction, for easy entry 

969
00:54:35,900 --> 00:54:39,200
to the harbor. 
Ship must tack back and forth. 

970
00:54:40,100 --> 00:54:44,500
King zigzag progress, gaining a 
mile and losing half a mile over

971
00:54:44,500 --> 00:54:48,200
and over. 
This is infuriating when land is

972
00:54:48,200 --> 00:54:50,400
in sight, seems to get no 
closer. 

973
00:54:51,100 --> 00:54:54,500
You have traveled thousands of 
miles across open ocean and now 

974
00:54:54,500 --> 00:54:58,100
these last few miles are taking 
hours but eventually finally the

975
00:54:58,100 --> 00:55:00,700
harbor mouth approaches. 
You can see buildings. 

976
00:55:00,700 --> 00:55:04,400
Now you can see trees, you can 
see people moving on the shore, 

977
00:55:04,400 --> 00:55:07,200
tiny figures engaged in normal 
and activities. 

978
00:55:07,200 --> 00:55:11,300
That seem impossibly exotic 
after two months at Sea, the 

979
00:55:11,300 --> 00:55:13,400
ship Glides into Harbor. 
With a ceremony. 

980
00:55:13,400 --> 00:55:17,700
That feels both significant and 
anti-climactic, the anchor drops

981
00:55:17,700 --> 00:55:19,700
with a splash and a rattle of 
chain. 

982
00:55:19,700 --> 00:55:24,300
The Voyages over accepted is not
quite over because you cannot 

983
00:55:24,300 --> 00:55:27,900
just leave. 
There are formalities customs 

984
00:55:27,900 --> 00:55:31,200
and spectrums health, checks and
official permission. 

985
00:55:32,300 --> 00:55:35,900
The harbor officials come aboard
and spend hours examining papers

986
00:55:35,900 --> 00:55:38,200
and cargo while you and the 
other Sailors. 

987
00:55:38,200 --> 00:55:41,200
Wait, so close to land, you can 
smell it properly. 

988
00:55:41,200 --> 00:55:45,000
Now Earth and vegetation and 
cooking fires and human 

989
00:55:45,000 --> 00:55:47,500
habitation, but still trapped on
the ship. 

990
00:55:48,500 --> 00:55:51,700
When you're finally allowed to 
disembark, stepping onto the 

991
00:55:51,700 --> 00:55:55,400
dock is profoundly. 
Disorienting, the ground does 

992
00:55:55,400 --> 00:55:59,300
not move your body, which is 
spent two months adjusting to 

993
00:55:59,308 --> 00:56:01,600
constant. 
Motion, keeps adjusting for 

994
00:56:01,600 --> 00:56:03,100
motion. 
That is not happening. 

995
00:56:04,100 --> 00:56:07,400
You stagger like a drunk 
reaching out, steady yourself on

996
00:56:07,400 --> 00:56:09,900
stable ground that does not need
steadying. 

997
00:56:09,900 --> 00:56:13,300
Other Sailors are having the 
same problem walking with 

998
00:56:13,300 --> 00:56:17,500
exaggerated caution trying to 
convince their in ears that the 

999
00:56:17,500 --> 00:56:22,200
world has changed. 
The first fresh food you eat. 

1000
00:56:23,000 --> 00:56:25,800
A piece of bread. 
Purchased from a dock Fender is 

1001
00:56:25,800 --> 00:56:28,800
so overwhelmingly delicious. 
You actually close your eyes 

1002
00:56:28,800 --> 00:56:32,600
while chewing it. 
It is just bread, ordinary 

1003
00:56:32,600 --> 00:56:36,200
bread, probably not even 
particularly good bread but 

1004
00:56:36,200 --> 00:56:39,900
after two months of Weevil 
infested ship's biscuit, it 

1005
00:56:39,900 --> 00:56:42,000
tastes like something Angels 
would eat. 

1006
00:56:42,900 --> 00:56:45,500
You eat it, slowly savoring, 
every bite. 

1007
00:56:45,500 --> 00:56:49,200
Making it lasts while your 
stomach unused to fresh food, 

1008
00:56:49,200 --> 00:56:52,200
sends up confused signals about 
what is happening. 

1009
00:56:53,500 --> 00:56:57,500
Fresh water from a well tastes 
clean impossibly? 

1010
00:56:57,500 --> 00:57:00,500
Incredibly clean. 
No slime. 

1011
00:57:00,500 --> 00:57:04,400
No floaters. 
No taste of wood or Barrel, just

1012
00:57:04,400 --> 00:57:07,400
water cold, and pure and 
perfect. 

1013
00:57:07,400 --> 00:57:10,000
You drink until you feel 
slightly sick. 

1014
00:57:10,000 --> 00:57:13,900
Then drink more unable to 
believe that water can taste 

1015
00:57:13,900 --> 00:57:15,900
this good. 
That you took this for granted 

1016
00:57:15,900 --> 00:57:21,000
all those years before sailing. 
That night sleeping in an actual

1017
00:57:21,000 --> 00:57:24,000
bed in a short front boarding 
house that, caters to Sailors, 

1018
00:57:24,000 --> 00:57:28,100
you lie awake, despite your 
exhaustion, the bed is to still 

1019
00:57:28,100 --> 00:57:32,300
the room is too quiet, the 
absence of the ship's constant 

1020
00:57:32,300 --> 00:57:34,500
motion and sound feels wrong 
somehow. 

1021
00:57:35,700 --> 00:57:39,100
You have spent two months 
adapting to life at Sea and now 

1022
00:57:39,100 --> 00:57:42,800
you must adapt back to life on 
land and the transition is 

1023
00:57:42,800 --> 00:57:46,600
strange. 
You think about what the voyage 

1024
00:57:46,600 --> 00:57:49,300
has changed in you? 
You're physically different 

1025
00:57:49,300 --> 00:57:54,900
lighter harder, more scarred. 
But the mental changes are 

1026
00:57:54,900 --> 00:57:58,000
harder to quantify. 
You have experienced something. 

1027
00:57:58,000 --> 00:58:02,100
Most people never will seem 
Horizon's most people never see 

1028
00:58:02,100 --> 00:58:05,800
and survived conditions, that 
would terrify your former self. 

1029
00:58:05,800 --> 00:58:08,700
You have learned that you are 
capable of more than you 

1030
00:58:08,700 --> 00:58:12,100
believed both in terms of 
endurance and in terms of 

1031
00:58:12,100 --> 00:58:17,100
adaptation, You think about the 
crew dispersed now to various 

1032
00:58:17,100 --> 00:58:20,700
boarding houses and taverns 
pursuing their own versions of 

1033
00:58:20,700 --> 00:58:23,400
the fresh food and stable 
ground, they have craved for 

1034
00:58:23,400 --> 00:58:26,100
weeks. 
You will probably never see most

1035
00:58:26,100 --> 00:58:29,300
of them again. 
Ships, scatter their Crews with 

1036
00:58:29,300 --> 00:58:33,300
each Voyage picking up new 
Sailors, and losing old ones to 

1037
00:58:33,300 --> 00:58:36,300
other ships, or other ports or 
other Fates. 

1038
00:58:37,100 --> 00:58:39,900
But you will remember them, 
Miguel with his casual 

1039
00:58:39,900 --> 00:58:42,800
competence, Rodriguez, with his 
unflagging. 

1040
00:58:42,800 --> 00:58:46,500
Enthusiasm, and the cook with 
his songs in languages, you 

1041
00:58:46,500 --> 00:58:51,200
could not identify You think 
about the ocean itself, which 

1042
00:58:51,200 --> 00:58:53,600
you have come to know in ways 
that are impossible to explain 

1043
00:58:53,600 --> 00:58:55,300
to people who have not 
experienced it. 

1044
00:58:56,000 --> 00:58:59,800
The ocean is not one thing but 
many things, beautiful and 

1045
00:58:59,800 --> 00:59:03,800
terrifying, but not enough and 
surprising life-giving and 

1046
00:59:03,800 --> 00:59:07,500
deadly often simultaneously. 
It is vast Beyond human 

1047
00:59:07,500 --> 00:59:10,800
comprehension yet intimate in 
the way it surrounds and 

1048
00:59:10,800 --> 00:59:13,200
contains and defines life of 
bored ship. 

1049
00:59:14,100 --> 00:59:16,600
You have spent two months 
suspended over depths you 

1050
00:59:16,600 --> 00:59:18,900
cannot. 
Imagine trusting your life to 

1051
00:59:18,900 --> 00:59:22,300
Wood and rope and wind and the 
skill of men who were strangers.

1052
00:59:22,300 --> 00:59:25,500
When you started The Voyage is 
giving you stories. 

1053
00:59:25,500 --> 00:59:28,600
You will tell for years, though 
you suspect, they will sound 

1054
00:59:28,600 --> 00:59:31,000
more dramatic in the telling 
than they felt in the living. 

1055
00:59:32,000 --> 00:59:35,200
The truth about long ocean 
voyages is that they are mostly 

1056
00:59:35,200 --> 00:59:38,600
boring. 
The dramatic moments storms 

1057
00:59:38,600 --> 00:59:44,000
dangers crises a real but brief.
The vast majority of the time is

1058
00:59:44,000 --> 00:59:47,400
spent doing routine work in 
routine ways while slowly 

1059
00:59:47,400 --> 00:59:49,900
traveling across a featureless 
expanse of water. 

1060
00:59:51,000 --> 00:59:53,000
But that is the story. 
No one wants to hear. 

1061
00:59:53,900 --> 00:59:55,700
People want, drama and 
adventure. 

1062
00:59:55,700 --> 00:59:59,600
Not the reality of Weevil, 
filled biscuits and endless rope

1063
00:59:59,600 --> 01:00:02,700
splicing. 
You wonder if you will do this 

1064
01:00:02,700 --> 01:00:06,000
again. 
Right now lying in a real bed on

1065
01:00:06,000 --> 01:00:08,700
the stable ground. 
You cannot imagine voluntarily 

1066
01:00:08,700 --> 01:00:11,900
getting back on a ship. 
The memory of constant, dampness

1067
01:00:11,900 --> 01:00:14,800
and bad food and endless watches
is too fresh. 

1068
01:00:15,600 --> 01:00:19,100
But you know, that memory Fades.
The discomforts will become less

1069
01:00:19,100 --> 01:00:22,600
Vivid over time while the sense 
of accomplishment of having 

1070
01:00:22,600 --> 01:00:25,700
done, something difficult and 
survived, it will remain. 

1071
01:00:27,600 --> 01:00:30,200
A few months, when you're 
savings run low and you need 

1072
01:00:30,200 --> 01:00:34,100
work, the sea will call again. 
It always does for men who have 

1073
01:00:34,100 --> 01:00:36,700
saved. 
The ocean gets into your blood 

1074
01:00:36,700 --> 01:00:38,000
in ways. 
You cannot explain. 

1075
01:00:38,000 --> 01:00:40,900
Do not fully understand until 
you have experienced it. 

1076
01:00:41,700 --> 01:00:44,700
You think about time and how it 
is operated differently during 

1077
01:00:44,700 --> 01:00:47,300
the voyage? 
Two months at Sea, felt 

1078
01:00:47,300 --> 01:00:51,200
simultaneously, endless and 
briefed each day felt long in 

1079
01:00:51,200 --> 01:00:54,000
its monotony. 
Yet weeks passed in a blur of 

1080
01:00:54,000 --> 01:00:56,900
similar days. 
You left Spain, in one season 

1081
01:00:56,900 --> 01:01:00,600
and arrived in the New World in 
another, you departed as one 

1082
01:01:00,600 --> 01:01:03,500
version of yourself and arrived 
as a slightly different version 

1083
01:01:03,500 --> 01:01:07,100
shaped by experience and 
hardship and the peculiar 

1084
01:01:07,100 --> 01:01:11,300
demands of Life of bored ship. 
The sounds of the port drift 

1085
01:01:11,300 --> 01:01:14,400
through your window. 
Men shouting in Spanish and 

1086
01:01:14,400 --> 01:01:18,300
Portuguese and languages. 
You do not recognize carts 

1087
01:01:18,300 --> 01:01:22,400
rumbling on cobblestones music 
from a nearby Tavern, and the 

1088
01:01:22,400 --> 01:01:24,300
ordinary sounds of human 
habitation. 

1089
01:01:25,600 --> 01:01:28,400
After two months of hearing, 
only wind and waves and the 

1090
01:01:28,400 --> 01:01:31,900
creaking of your own ship, these
sounds are almost overwhelming 

1091
01:01:31,900 --> 01:01:36,000
in their variety and complexity.
The world on land is so full of 

1092
01:01:36,008 --> 01:01:41,500
things, so crowded with stimuli 
and activity and options at sea 

1093
01:01:41,500 --> 01:01:44,700
life was simple. 
Even when it was hard, there 

1094
01:01:44,700 --> 01:01:48,300
were only, so many things, you 
could do only so many places you

1095
01:01:48,300 --> 01:01:51,100
could go. 
Ah, constraints were absolute 

1096
01:01:51,100 --> 01:01:55,600
but also freeing in their way. 
You drift towards sleep, your 

1097
01:01:55,600 --> 01:01:59,900
body finally beginning to accept
that Solid Ground is real and 

1098
01:01:59,900 --> 01:02:03,700
will be here tomorrow, you will 
report back to the ship for 

1099
01:02:03,700 --> 01:02:06,600
unloading duty tomorrow. 
You will learn whether the next 

1100
01:02:06,600 --> 01:02:09,400
voyages going. 
And when it departs tomorrow, 

1101
01:02:09,400 --> 01:02:11,200
you will begin the process of 
forgetting. 

1102
01:02:11,200 --> 01:02:13,900
The discomforts of this Voyage 
while the memories of 

1103
01:02:13,900 --> 01:02:15,700
accomplishment settle into 
place. 

1104
01:02:16,400 --> 01:02:21,400
But tonight, you are simply here
on land in a bed that doesn't 

1105
01:02:21,400 --> 01:02:26,300
move, listening to sounds, that 
are not wind and water tasting. 

1106
01:02:26,300 --> 01:02:30,500
Are that doesn't smell like, 
salt and tar and bilge and 

1107
01:02:30,500 --> 01:02:35,200
despite everything, The Voyage 
contained, the hardship, the 

1108
01:02:35,200 --> 01:02:40,400
danger, the board of the fear. 
You're satisfied with yourself 

1109
01:02:40,400 --> 01:02:42,200
in ways, you have never quite 
felt before. 

1110
01:02:43,200 --> 01:02:46,300
You have crossed an ocean. 
You've endured what needed? 

1111
01:02:46,300 --> 01:02:48,900
Enduring? 
You have learned what needed 

1112
01:02:48,900 --> 01:02:51,500
learning. 
You've become in some 

1113
01:02:51,500 --> 01:02:55,000
fundamental way, a different 
person than you were when you 

1114
01:02:55,000 --> 01:02:57,100
boarded that ship in Spain, two 
months ago. 

1115
01:02:58,000 --> 01:02:59,300
And whether or not you ever 
sail. 

1116
01:02:59,300 --> 01:03:03,500
Again, this will remain true. 
The ocean is marked you taught 

1117
01:03:03,500 --> 01:03:07,200
you and changed you in ways that
will last long after the 

1118
01:03:07,200 --> 01:03:09,600
calluses fade and the Rope Burns
heal. 

1119
01:03:10,500 --> 01:03:12,900
Outside your window, the ship 
rocks. 

1120
01:03:12,900 --> 01:03:15,800
Gently at anchor. 
Already preparing for her. 

1121
01:03:15,800 --> 01:03:19,900
Next Voyage already forgetting 
This Crew in anticipation of the

1122
01:03:19,900 --> 01:03:22,700
next. 
But you will remember her and 

1123
01:03:22,700 --> 01:03:27,400
the journey and the impossible 
endlessness of water and sky and

1124
01:03:27,400 --> 01:03:30,400
the slow transformation that 
happens when you spend enough 

1125
01:03:30,400 --> 01:03:32,700
time suspended Between Two 
Worlds. 

1126
01:03:32,700 --> 01:03:38,900
Belonging fully to neither and 
with that thought, finally, you 

1127
01:03:38,900 --> 01:03:48,400
sleep England. 1348. 
The Black Death has not yet 

1128
01:03:48,400 --> 01:03:50,800
reached. 
Your father's lands and the 

1129
01:03:50,808 --> 01:03:53,700
castle hums with the ordinary 
rhythms of daily life. 

1130
01:03:54,600 --> 01:03:58,700
Prayers and meals lessons and 
needlework and the endless small

1131
01:03:58,700 --> 01:04:02,000
ceremonies that Mark time in a 
world measured by bells and 

1132
01:04:02,000 --> 01:04:06,900
Seasons, you are 17, quart 
between childhood and whatever 

1133
01:04:06,900 --> 01:04:09,200
Arrangement, your father's 
Council deems. 

1134
01:04:09,200 --> 01:04:13,500
Most advantageous living in that
peculiar space where you have 

1135
01:04:13,500 --> 01:04:16,600
all the restrictions of 
Womanhood but few of its 

1136
01:04:16,600 --> 01:04:19,600
freedoms. 
The chapel Bell cuts through 

1137
01:04:19,600 --> 01:04:21,600
your sleep. 
Like a blade through butter 

1138
01:04:21,600 --> 01:04:23,600
though. 
Considerably less Pleasant. 

1139
01:04:24,500 --> 01:04:28,900
Your eyes open to near total 
darkness broken only by The 

1140
01:04:28,900 --> 01:04:31,900
Faint glow of coals in the 
Brazier across your chamber 

1141
01:04:31,900 --> 01:04:34,800
somewhere, beyond the heavy 
tapestries covering the stone 

1142
01:04:34,800 --> 01:04:37,100
walls. 
A servant is already moving. 

1143
01:04:38,000 --> 01:04:41,300
You can hear the whisper of 
Russia's under feet and the soft

1144
01:04:41,300 --> 01:04:44,600
clink of a water of being set 
down, you lie. 

1145
01:04:44,600 --> 01:04:48,800
Still for a moment in Furs that 
smell faintly of the herbs, your

1146
01:04:48,800 --> 01:04:52,600
chamber maid stuffs between the 
lavender, you think and 

1147
01:04:52,600 --> 01:04:57,700
something sharper, Rupert's the 
linen sheets beneath you a cool 

1148
01:04:57,700 --> 01:05:01,100
against your cheek and you're a 
quickly aware that the moment 

1149
01:05:01,100 --> 01:05:04,300
you move the warmth you've 
cultivated through the night, 

1150
01:05:04,300 --> 01:05:08,700
will escape replaced by the 
bone, deep chill of a stone 

1151
01:05:08,700 --> 01:05:13,800
chamber in February My lady 
Agnes's voice comes through the 

1152
01:05:13,800 --> 01:05:16,700
bed curtains. 
She's been your chamber maid. 

1153
01:05:16,700 --> 01:05:20,100
Since you were nine patient with
your morning reluctance in a 

1154
01:05:20,100 --> 01:05:22,400
way. 
Your mother never was the bells 

1155
01:05:22,400 --> 01:05:25,200
have rung. 
You make a sound that isn't 

1156
01:05:25,200 --> 01:05:27,700
quite agreement, isn't quite 
protest. 

1157
01:05:28,700 --> 01:05:30,800
Agnes. 
Used to this performance, 

1158
01:05:30,800 --> 01:05:33,100
doesn't wait for more 
articulate. 

1159
01:05:33,100 --> 01:05:36,200
Consent. 
The bed curtains, part and cold 

1160
01:05:36,200 --> 01:05:40,300
air rushes in like an unwelcome 
visitor, you sit up and she's 

1161
01:05:40,300 --> 01:05:41,900
already there with your chamber 
robe. 

1162
01:05:41,900 --> 01:05:45,000
The wool one lined with rabbit 
fur that your aunt sent to 

1163
01:05:45,000 --> 01:05:48,100
Winter's ago. 
Floor is cold even through the 

1164
01:05:48,100 --> 01:05:51,200
rush, matting. 
Your feet, find your slippers 

1165
01:05:51,200 --> 01:05:56,100
soft leather slightly too large 
lined with wool that's beginning

1166
01:05:56,100 --> 01:05:59,100
to pill. 
Agnes has already laid out your 

1167
01:05:59,100 --> 01:06:02,200
Chimes on the clothing chest and
you slip it over your head. 

1168
01:06:02,200 --> 01:06:05,100
While she turns to prod the 
breeze, your colds back to life.

1169
01:06:06,100 --> 01:06:10,000
The linen settles against your 
skin like a whisper, fine enough

1170
01:06:10,000 --> 01:06:11,700
that you can feel the cold 
through it. 

1171
01:06:12,700 --> 01:06:15,500
You move to the base and where 
she poured water from the Euler.

1172
01:06:15,500 --> 01:06:18,500
It's cold. 
Of course, there's no heating 

1173
01:06:18,500 --> 01:06:22,000
water before Prime. 
That small luxury reserved for 

1174
01:06:22,000 --> 01:06:24,900
evening a pollution's. 
He splashed it on your face 

1175
01:06:24,900 --> 01:06:28,700
anyway, the shock of it driving 
the last fog of sleep from your 

1176
01:06:28,700 --> 01:06:31,300
mind. 
The water smells faintly 

1177
01:06:31,300 --> 01:06:34,400
metallic drawn from the well in 
the lower Bailey. 

1178
01:06:34,400 --> 01:06:37,000
You dry your face on the linen 
towel. 

1179
01:06:37,000 --> 01:06:39,600
Agnes offers noting absolutely 
that it needs. 

1180
01:06:39,600 --> 01:06:44,700
Mending along one Edge. 
The blue today, my lady Agnes 

1181
01:06:44,700 --> 01:06:47,800
holds up your day. 
Kirtle the one died with woe 

1182
01:06:47,800 --> 01:06:50,900
that your mother says brings out
your eyes you nod and she helps 

1183
01:06:50,900 --> 01:06:53,200
you into it. 
The fingers quick with the 

1184
01:06:53,200 --> 01:06:56,800
lacing up the side. 
The wool is heavy, good quality 

1185
01:06:56,800 --> 01:07:00,400
and tightly woven enough to keep
out drafts over. 

1186
01:07:00,400 --> 01:07:04,400
It goes your sleeveless circuit 
the neckline embroidered with a 

1187
01:07:04,400 --> 01:07:06,900
pattern of roses. 
You stick yourself last summer 

1188
01:07:06,900 --> 01:07:08,500
under your mother's, watchful 
eye. 

1189
01:07:09,300 --> 01:07:12,900
Your hair is still in its night 
braids and Agnes Begins, the 

1190
01:07:12,900 --> 01:07:16,800
familiar process of undoing, it 
running her fingers through to 

1191
01:07:16,800 --> 01:07:21,200
work out the tangles before we 
braiding it smoothly. hands are 

1192
01:07:21,208 --> 01:07:25,500
gentle, but official, She's done
this thousands of times and 

1193
01:07:25,500 --> 01:07:27,500
there's something soothing about
the rhythm of it. 

1194
01:07:28,500 --> 01:07:32,400
Close your eyes while she works 
feeling the pull and release as 

1195
01:07:32,400 --> 01:07:37,400
she sections and weaves your 
circulate my lady, she settles 

1196
01:07:37,400 --> 01:07:40,000
it over your Veil. 
The Thin band of silver that 

1197
01:07:40,000 --> 01:07:42,600
marks your rank without the 
ostentation of a crown. 

1198
01:07:42,600 --> 01:07:48,100
It sits just so a gentle of your
brow that you've long since 

1199
01:07:48,100 --> 01:07:51,600
stopped noticing except when 
it's first placed, the walk to 

1200
01:07:51,600 --> 01:07:53,200
the chapel takes you through 
corridors. 

1201
01:07:53,200 --> 01:07:56,800
Barely touched by Torchlight at 
this hour, your soft soled, 

1202
01:07:56,800 --> 01:07:59,100
shoes make almost no sound on 
the stone floors. 

1203
01:07:59,100 --> 01:08:03,100
You can hear the castle waking 
around you, the clang of pots 

1204
01:08:03,100 --> 01:08:06,200
from the distant kitchen, the 
murmur of servants, beginning 

1205
01:08:06,200 --> 01:08:09,700
their day and the scrape of 
benches being moved in the Great

1206
01:08:09,700 --> 01:08:13,000
Hall below. 
The chapel is cold enough that 

1207
01:08:13,000 --> 01:08:16,100
you can see your breath. 
Your mother is already in her 

1208
01:08:16,100 --> 01:08:18,899
place. 
Her back perfectly straight. 

1209
01:08:18,899 --> 01:08:24,500
Her prayer book open before her.
She doesn't turn when you enter 

1210
01:08:24,500 --> 01:08:28,399
but you know, she's noted your 
arrival, probably measured it 

1211
01:08:28,399 --> 01:08:29,000
against. 
What? 

1212
01:08:29,000 --> 01:08:31,600
Ever internal clock. 
She keeps to judge such things, 

1213
01:08:31,600 --> 01:08:34,700
you settle onto your own 
kneeling cushion, the 

1214
01:08:34,700 --> 01:08:37,000
embroidered, one your 
grandmother made and bow your 

1215
01:08:37,000 --> 01:08:40,200
head. 
Father, Benedict's voice rises 

1216
01:08:40,200 --> 01:08:43,399
in the familiar Latin and you 
let it wash over you without 

1217
01:08:43,399 --> 01:08:47,100
trying to pass every word. 
Your mind has always wondered 

1218
01:08:47,100 --> 01:08:49,800
during these early offices and 
you've long since given up 

1219
01:08:49,800 --> 01:08:53,300
feeling guilty about it. 
Instead, you focus on the way 

1220
01:08:53,300 --> 01:08:56,800
the words sound, the rhythm of 
them like water over Stones. 

1221
01:08:56,800 --> 01:09:00,500
The chapel smells of incense and
Old Stone and the particular 

1222
01:09:00,500 --> 01:09:04,200
mustiness of prayer books that 
have been handled by countless 

1223
01:09:04,200 --> 01:09:07,899
fingers, your knees, begin to 
ache against the thin cushion. 

1224
01:09:07,899 --> 01:09:11,700
This is normal. 
You shift your weight slightly, 

1225
01:09:11,700 --> 01:09:14,300
a movement? 
So small, your mother probably 

1226
01:09:14,300 --> 01:09:17,300
doesn't notice though, you 
wouldn't bet your best salt on 

1227
01:09:17,300 --> 01:09:19,800
it. 
The cold seeps up through the 

1228
01:09:19,800 --> 01:09:23,200
floor, through the cushion an 
into your bones. 

1229
01:09:24,200 --> 01:09:27,399
You think about breakfast? 
There will be bread cheese. 

1230
01:09:27,399 --> 01:09:31,500
Likely, some of the smoked fish 
from the stores and weak aile to

1231
01:09:31,500 --> 01:09:34,600
wash it down. 
Your stomach makes a small sound

1232
01:09:34,600 --> 01:09:38,100
of anticipation and you pray. 
It wasn't loud enough to carry 

1233
01:09:39,000 --> 01:09:43,100
The service end of Venturi, as 
all things do you rise stiffly 

1234
01:09:43,100 --> 01:09:48,200
your knees protesting your 
mother Suites past with barely a

1235
01:09:48,200 --> 01:09:51,600
clients, her mind already on the
dais household management. 

1236
01:09:52,399 --> 01:09:56,300
You follow at a more measured 
Pace Agnes, falling into step 

1237
01:09:56,300 --> 01:09:58,600
behind you. 
The breakfast chamber is 

1238
01:09:58,600 --> 01:10:00,200
marginally warmer than the 
chapel. 

1239
01:10:00,200 --> 01:10:02,800
Thanks to a brassiere. 
Someone had the wisdom to like 

1240
01:10:02,800 --> 01:10:06,400
Before Dawn. 
The table is already laid with 

1241
01:10:06,400 --> 01:10:09,200
bread cheese and a dish of 
pickled vegetables. 

1242
01:10:09,200 --> 01:10:11,000
That makes your nose wrinkle 
slightly. 

1243
01:10:12,000 --> 01:10:15,800
Your father sits at the head, 
breaking his bread with decisive

1244
01:10:15,800 --> 01:10:19,000
movements while you're younger 
brother picks at his portion, 

1245
01:10:19,000 --> 01:10:21,200
with the sort of study in 
different. 

1246
01:10:21,200 --> 01:10:26,100
Only a 12 year old can muster 
You take your seat and a servant

1247
01:10:26,100 --> 01:10:28,000
immediately fills your cup with 
ale. 

1248
01:10:28,900 --> 01:10:33,100
Thin stuff, barely worth the 
Brewing, but it's warm and 

1249
01:10:33,100 --> 01:10:34,700
that's what matters on a 
February morning. 

1250
01:10:35,600 --> 01:10:38,600
The bread is yes today is which 
means it's tough enough to 

1251
01:10:38,600 --> 01:10:41,400
require actual chewing but it's 
good bread. 

1252
01:10:42,300 --> 01:10:44,800
Dark and dense made from mixed 
rye and wheat. 

1253
01:10:45,700 --> 01:10:48,000
You spread it with butter. 
That's been stored in the cool. 

1254
01:10:48,000 --> 01:10:51,600
Cellar slightly harder than I 
deal and take a bite. 

1255
01:10:51,600 --> 01:10:55,300
That requires determination. 
Your father is discussing grain 

1256
01:10:55,300 --> 01:10:58,500
stores with the steward, his 
voice carrying that particular 

1257
01:10:58,500 --> 01:11:01,800
Egypt, when he's worried about 
something but refusing to admit 

1258
01:11:01,800 --> 01:11:04,300
it. 
The Harvest was good last year 

1259
01:11:04,300 --> 01:11:08,200
but not generous and everyone's 
making calculations about how 

1260
01:11:08,200 --> 01:11:11,700
long suppliers will hold. 
If spring comes late, you listen

1261
01:11:11,700 --> 01:11:15,500
while pretending not to a skill,
you've perfected over years of 

1262
01:11:15,500 --> 01:11:19,200
being present, but officially 
uninterested in matters of a 

1263
01:11:19,200 --> 01:11:22,900
state management, The lower 
Fields need draining. 

1264
01:11:22,900 --> 01:11:25,100
Your father says pointing at 
nothing with his bread. 

1265
01:11:25,100 --> 01:11:28,700
I'll not have another season of 
poor yield because we're growing

1266
01:11:28,700 --> 01:11:32,400
more water than wheat. 
The steward makes agreeable 

1267
01:11:32,400 --> 01:11:35,700
sounds your brother yawns. 
Not bothering to cover his mouth

1268
01:11:35,700 --> 01:11:37,800
until your mother's sharp glance
from him. 

1269
01:11:37,800 --> 01:11:41,500
You bite back a smile and take 
another drink of Ale breakfast, 

1270
01:11:41,500 --> 01:11:45,200
doesn't last long, your father 
has a state business, your 

1271
01:11:45,200 --> 01:11:48,400
mother has household matters and
your brother has weapons 

1272
01:11:48,400 --> 01:11:51,600
practice with the Master at 
Arms, which he approaches with 

1273
01:11:51,600 --> 01:11:54,800
considerably more enthusiasm 
than he shows for the Latin 

1274
01:11:54,800 --> 01:11:56,900
Premiere. 
His tutor makes him suffer 

1275
01:11:56,900 --> 01:11:59,700
through afterward. 
You meanwhile have lessons of 

1276
01:11:59,708 --> 01:12:04,700
your own Your tutor brother 
Clemente is waiting in the Solar

1277
01:12:04,700 --> 01:12:08,300
his books and writing materials 
already arranged on the table 

1278
01:12:08,300 --> 01:12:11,100
that catches the best light from
the tall window. 

1279
01:12:11,100 --> 01:12:17,100
He's a patient man round face 
and Mild with ink stains on his 

1280
01:12:17,100 --> 01:12:18,900
fingers that never quite wash 
away. 

1281
01:12:20,200 --> 01:12:22,600
He rises when you enter bowing 
slightly. 

1282
01:12:23,600 --> 01:12:26,400
Good morning, my lady. 
I thought we might continue with

1283
01:12:26,400 --> 01:12:29,500
our boethius today. 
You settle into your chair 

1284
01:12:29,500 --> 01:12:32,400
grateful for the cushion. 
Someone remembered to place on 

1285
01:12:32,400 --> 01:12:35,300
it. 
The consolation of philosophy 

1286
01:12:35,300 --> 01:12:39,500
lies open on the table. 
The Latin text marching across 

1287
01:12:39,500 --> 01:12:41,800
the page in neat. 
Columns, brother. 

1288
01:12:41,800 --> 01:12:44,500
Clemente has been working with 
you on translation, for months 

1289
01:12:44,500 --> 01:12:48,600
now, and you've developed a 
peculiar fondness for boethius 

1290
01:12:48,600 --> 01:12:50,500
and his prison self 
philosophizing. 

1291
01:12:51,600 --> 01:12:54,500
There's something oddly 
comforting about reading a man 

1292
01:12:54,508 --> 01:12:56,600
who wrote about fate and 
Fortune. 

1293
01:12:56,600 --> 01:12:59,800
While awaiting execution, it 
puts your own a minor 

1294
01:12:59,800 --> 01:13:04,200
frustration in perspective. 
Shall We Begin with chapter 7 

1295
01:13:04,200 --> 01:13:06,200
brother? 
Clemente suggests and you nod 

1296
01:13:06,200 --> 01:13:07,900
scanning the text to find your 
place? 

1297
01:13:07,900 --> 01:13:12,300
The work is slow and careful. 
You read a sentence allowed in 

1298
01:13:12,300 --> 01:13:15,100
Latin then attempt to render it 
into French. 

1299
01:13:15,100 --> 01:13:17,500
The language. 
You actually speak when you're 

1300
01:13:17,500 --> 01:13:19,400
not struggling through a ancient
texts. 

1301
01:13:20,200 --> 01:13:23,000
Brother, Clemente listens 
occasionally correcting your 

1302
01:13:23,000 --> 01:13:26,000
pronunciation more often. 
Helping you untangle, 

1303
01:13:26,000 --> 01:13:29,300
particularly not a grammar. 
The Latin has a rhythm to it 

1304
01:13:29,300 --> 01:13:32,100
that you've learned to 
appreciate even when the meaning

1305
01:13:32,100 --> 01:13:34,600
slips away from you, like fish 
in a stream. 

1306
01:13:35,900 --> 01:13:38,300
Nothing is miserable unless you 
think it. 

1307
01:13:38,300 --> 01:13:41,900
So you translate working through
the sentence word by word. 

1308
01:13:43,000 --> 01:13:46,800
And likewise every Fortune is 
blessed if it is born with 

1309
01:13:46,800 --> 01:13:48,900
equanimity. 
Very good. 

1310
01:13:48,900 --> 01:13:52,000
My lady though. 
Blessed might be a touch strong.

1311
01:13:52,800 --> 01:13:54,500
Perhaps favorable would serve 
better. 

1312
01:13:56,000 --> 01:13:58,700
You can consider this tracing 
the Latin word with your finger.

1313
01:13:59,900 --> 01:14:02,200
Beata. 
But doesn't that have religious 

1314
01:14:02,200 --> 01:14:05,000
connotations? 
Blessed seems, right. 

1315
01:14:06,100 --> 01:14:09,000
Ah, but we just speaking 
philosophically here, not 

1316
01:14:09,000 --> 01:14:11,400
theologically the distinction 
matters. 

1317
01:14:12,500 --> 01:14:14,900
You've had this sort of 
discussion before brother, 

1318
01:14:14,900 --> 01:14:18,200
Clemente takes great pleasure in
these fine points of meaning and

1319
01:14:18,200 --> 01:14:21,000
you've learned that arguing with
him is both expected and 

1320
01:14:21,000 --> 01:14:23,700
educational. 
You spend a pleasant Court to 

1321
01:14:23,700 --> 01:14:25,700
our debating. 
The Nuance is of Latin 

1322
01:14:25,700 --> 01:14:29,600
terminology, before moving on, 
to the next passage the Morning,

1323
01:14:29,600 --> 01:14:32,900
Light shifts, as you work 
moving, cross the floor in that 

1324
01:14:32,900 --> 01:14:36,500
slow inevitable way that Marx 
time more reliably than any 

1325
01:14:36,500 --> 01:14:39,700
water clock. 
Your hand cramps slightly from 

1326
01:14:39,700 --> 01:14:43,500
writing brother Clemente, 
insists you copy out sections to

1327
01:14:43,500 --> 01:14:46,000
improve your script and your 
letters are still more 

1328
01:14:46,000 --> 01:14:50,000
enthusiastic than elegant. 
You pause to flex your fingers 

1329
01:14:50,000 --> 01:14:53,900
and he takes the opportunity to 
discourse on the value of clear 

1330
01:14:53,900 --> 01:14:58,000
handwriting. 
A well-formed letter is a kind 

1331
01:14:58,000 --> 01:14:59,900
of courtesy to the reader. 
My lady. 

1332
01:14:59,900 --> 01:15:04,300
It says that you value their 
time and effort, you nod. 

1333
01:15:04,300 --> 01:15:07,100
Try not to think about how you 
aren't right in a hand so 

1334
01:15:07,100 --> 01:15:10,200
cramped and crooked that reading
her letters, feels like 

1335
01:15:10,200 --> 01:15:14,500
deciphering some ancient code. 
Apparently, courtesy has its 

1336
01:15:14,500 --> 01:15:17,400
limits. 
By the time, the bells ring for 

1337
01:15:17,408 --> 01:15:21,400
tourists you've translated three
more chapters and copied out. 

1338
01:15:21,400 --> 01:15:24,000
One particularly relevant, 
passage about the nature of 

1339
01:15:24,000 --> 01:15:26,300
Good. 
Fortune, your hand aches. 

1340
01:15:26,300 --> 01:15:30,700
Your back is stiff from sitting 
and your mind feels pleasantly 

1341
01:15:30,700 --> 01:15:33,500
full in the way it does. 
After concentrated work. 

1342
01:15:34,700 --> 01:15:37,700
Brother Clemente gathers his 
materials, with the care of a 

1343
01:15:37,700 --> 01:15:40,100
man who values his books more 
than most value gold. 

1344
01:15:41,300 --> 01:15:43,100
Tomorrow, we might attempt some 
overhead. 

1345
01:15:43,100 --> 01:15:47,700
He suggests which makes you 
smile despite yourself Rather 

1346
01:15:47,700 --> 01:15:50,400
Clements idea of appropriate 
reading for a young woman, 

1347
01:15:50,400 --> 01:15:53,700
stretches considerably beyond 
what your mother would approve. 

1348
01:15:54,600 --> 01:15:57,300
But she's never actually asked 
what you study and you've never 

1349
01:15:57,300 --> 01:16:00,700
volunteered the information. 
Your mother is waiting in the 

1350
01:16:00,700 --> 01:16:03,200
lady. 
So when you arrive her 

1351
01:16:03,200 --> 01:16:05,700
embroidery frame already set up 
near the window where the light 

1352
01:16:05,700 --> 01:16:09,800
is best, Two of her ladies are 
with her lady Margaret, who's 

1353
01:16:09,800 --> 01:16:12,800
been your mother's companion 
since before you were born and 

1354
01:16:12,800 --> 01:16:15,900
Eleanor whose only a few years 
older than you and married to 

1355
01:16:15,900 --> 01:16:18,900
one of your father's minor 
Knights, they look up when you 

1356
01:16:18,908 --> 01:16:21,400
enter their needles pausing in 
their work. 

1357
01:16:22,200 --> 01:16:25,000
Sit your mother says, nodding 
toward your own frame. 

1358
01:16:25,000 --> 01:16:26,800
We're working on the altar 
cloth. 

1359
01:16:26,800 --> 01:16:30,100
The altar cloth, you'd almost 
managed to forget about it. 

1360
01:16:31,200 --> 01:16:34,000
It's been in progress for what 
feels like your entire life. 

1361
01:16:34,000 --> 01:16:38,200
A massive piece of linen 
destined for the chapel covered 

1362
01:16:38,200 --> 01:16:41,900
in an intricate pattern of vines
and flowers and small birds that

1363
01:16:41,900 --> 01:16:44,400
your mother designed with more 
ambition than Mercy. 

1364
01:16:45,600 --> 01:16:48,700
Your section currently features 
a rose in various stages of 

1365
01:16:48,700 --> 01:16:51,400
completion. 
The petals worked in Split 

1366
01:16:51,400 --> 01:16:54,500
Stitch with silk threads. 
So fine, it makes your eyes 

1367
01:16:54,500 --> 01:16:57,100
ache. 
You settle onto your stool and 

1368
01:16:57,100 --> 01:16:58,600
examine your work from 
yesterday. 

1369
01:16:59,600 --> 01:17:03,000
The rose looks slightly lopsided
one petal bulging. 

1370
01:17:03,000 --> 01:17:06,000
Where your stitches pulled two 
tight, your mother will notice 

1371
01:17:06,000 --> 01:17:10,000
of course she notices everything
but perhaps if you work on the 

1372
01:17:10,000 --> 01:17:13,300
leaves today you can come back 
to fix it when she's distracted.

1373
01:17:14,300 --> 01:17:17,200
The red silk first. 
Your mother says, as if reading 

1374
01:17:17,200 --> 01:17:20,400
your attempt at strategic 
avoidance, that petal needs 

1375
01:17:20,400 --> 01:17:23,600
filling. 
So much for clever planning, you

1376
01:17:23,600 --> 01:17:26,700
thread your needle, a process 
that takes longer than you'd 

1377
01:17:26,700 --> 01:17:29,900
like given that the silk is 
approximately the width of a 

1378
01:17:29,900 --> 01:17:32,400
hair. 
And the needles eye is designed 

1379
01:17:32,400 --> 01:17:34,500
for someone with the vision of a
hunting Hawk. 

1380
01:17:35,200 --> 01:17:38,500
When you finally succeed, you 
take a breath and begin the 

1381
01:17:38,500 --> 01:17:41,900
small careful stitches that 
embroidery demands. 

1382
01:17:42,700 --> 01:17:45,100
The work requires enough 
concentration. 

1383
01:17:45,100 --> 01:17:49,100
That conversation happens in the
pauses between stitches, when 

1384
01:17:49,100 --> 01:17:52,000
someone's needle needs 
rethreading or the light shifts 

1385
01:17:52,000 --> 01:17:53,900
and everyone adjust position 
slightly. 

1386
01:17:53,900 --> 01:17:58,000
Lady Margaret is telling a story
about The Miller's wife who 

1387
01:17:58,000 --> 01:18:01,300
apparently threw a bucket of 
wash water at the Miller during 

1388
01:18:01,300 --> 01:18:03,700
an argument about something 
involving the grain measure. 

1389
01:18:04,700 --> 01:18:08,400
Right in the face, lady Margaret
says with evidence satisfaction 

1390
01:18:08,400 --> 01:18:12,000
and he was standing there 
dripping to surprise to speak. 

1391
01:18:12,800 --> 01:18:15,300
Eleanor laughs. 
The sound bright in the quiet 

1392
01:18:15,300 --> 01:18:17,700
room. 
Your mother makes a sound that 

1393
01:18:17,700 --> 01:18:19,700
could be disapproval but might 
be suppressed. 

1394
01:18:19,700 --> 01:18:22,400
Amusement, it's hard to tell 
with her sometimes. 

1395
01:18:23,400 --> 01:18:26,900
The Millers wife always did have
a temper, your mother observes 

1396
01:18:26,900 --> 01:18:30,200
her needle moving in and out of 
the Lin in with mechanical 

1397
01:18:30,200 --> 01:18:33,000
precision. 
Though, I suspect he deserved 

1398
01:18:33,000 --> 01:18:35,000
it. 
John has been measuring light 

1399
01:18:35,000 --> 01:18:39,000
since Michael Mas. 
You smiled to yourself, keeping 

1400
01:18:39,000 --> 01:18:42,400
your eyes on your rose petal. 
the silk slides through the 

1401
01:18:42,400 --> 01:18:47,800
linen with a soft, whisper one 
stitch, pull through another 

1402
01:18:47,800 --> 01:18:52,900
Stitch pull through the rhythm 
is soothing once you settle into

1403
01:18:52,900 --> 01:18:57,200
it, almost meditative your mind 
wanders while your hands work 

1404
01:18:57,900 --> 01:19:01,300
You think about boethius and his
prison cell about whether he 

1405
01:19:01,300 --> 01:19:04,000
ever did needle work to pass the
time, though? 

1406
01:19:04,000 --> 01:19:06,500
Probably not. 
That seems like the sort of 

1407
01:19:06,500 --> 01:19:08,600
thing they leave out of 
philosophical texts. 

1408
01:19:09,400 --> 01:19:11,800
Careful there. 
Your mother says and you realize

1409
01:19:11,800 --> 01:19:13,600
you've let your stitches pull 
too tight again. 

1410
01:19:14,400 --> 01:19:16,900
You loosen your grip, slightly 
adjusting the tension. 

1411
01:19:16,900 --> 01:19:21,000
This is the Eternal challenge of
embroidery keeping everything. 

1412
01:19:21,000 --> 01:19:24,700
Even smooth and consistent. 
Rather like life. 

1413
01:19:24,700 --> 01:19:28,200
You suppose, though you keep the
observation to yourself, Eleanor

1414
01:19:28,200 --> 01:19:31,000
is talking about the new 
chaplain at her husband's Manor,

1415
01:19:31,000 --> 01:19:34,300
a young man, apparently more 
enthusiastic about salvation, 

1416
01:19:34,300 --> 01:19:36,900
then skilled in delivering 
sermons. 

1417
01:19:37,900 --> 01:19:40,000
He preached for two hours last 
Sunday. 

1418
01:19:40,000 --> 01:19:45,200
She says her voice mixing or and
exhaustion, two hours about 

1419
01:19:45,200 --> 01:19:48,500
locusts. 
The plague of locusts lady 

1420
01:19:48,500 --> 01:19:53,100
Margaret asks know just locusts 
in general, their habits, their 

1421
01:19:53,100 --> 01:19:55,200
diet. 
By the end, I knew more about 

1422
01:19:55,208 --> 01:19:58,900
Locust than I ever wished to. 
Your mother's needle pauses. 

1423
01:19:59,500 --> 01:20:02,600
Two hours is excessive. 
Someone should speak to the 

1424
01:20:02,600 --> 01:20:04,700
prior about suitable sermon 
length. 

1425
01:20:05,500 --> 01:20:07,300
You bite your lip to keep from 
laughing. 

1426
01:20:08,100 --> 01:20:10,400
The image of someone instructing
a young priest on the 

1427
01:20:10,408 --> 01:20:14,300
appropriate duration for insect 
related preaching strikes, you 

1428
01:20:14,300 --> 01:20:18,500
as fundamentally absurd and you 
focus very hard on your rose 

1429
01:20:18,500 --> 01:20:20,800
petal to avoid catching Ellen 
his eye. 

1430
01:20:21,700 --> 01:20:25,100
The morning slides, by In This 
fashion Small Talk gossip. 

1431
01:20:25,100 --> 01:20:27,900
The quiet sound of needles 
through linen. 

1432
01:20:27,900 --> 01:20:31,300
And the occasional frustrated, 
sigh, when someone's thread 

1433
01:20:31,300 --> 01:20:35,300
Tangles, your rose petal. 
Gradually fills in the red silk 

1434
01:20:35,300 --> 01:20:38,300
building up layers of stitches 
until it begins to look almost 

1435
01:20:38,300 --> 01:20:41,200
dimensional. 
Not as perfect as your mother's 

1436
01:20:41,200 --> 01:20:44,100
work, but better than it was 
progress. 

1437
01:20:44,100 --> 01:20:46,500
You tell yourself is still 
progress. 

1438
01:20:47,300 --> 01:20:50,000
By the time, the bells ring for 
sex, your back aches, from 

1439
01:20:50,000 --> 01:20:53,200
hunching, over your frame and 
you have a small knot between 

1440
01:20:53,200 --> 01:20:55,500
your shoulder blades, that no 
amount of rolling, your 

1441
01:20:55,500 --> 01:20:59,000
shoulders will shift. 
Your mother sets down her work 

1442
01:20:59,000 --> 01:21:01,700
with the air of someone 
satisfied with the mornings 

1443
01:21:01,700 --> 01:21:05,200
accomplishment. 
We'll continue after dinner. 

1444
01:21:05,200 --> 01:21:06,900
She says, which isn't a 
question. 

1445
01:21:07,600 --> 01:21:11,200
You nod already thinking about 
the afternoon and whether you 

1446
01:21:11,200 --> 01:21:14,200
can engineer some reason to take
your needlework to the Garden. 

1447
01:21:14,200 --> 01:21:18,100
Instead of staying in the Solar,
Fresh air seems suddenly very 

1448
01:21:18,100 --> 01:21:20,700
appealing. 
The Great Hall is filling by the

1449
01:21:20,700 --> 01:21:23,900
time you arrive the household 
gathering for the main meal of 

1450
01:21:23,900 --> 01:21:26,100
the day. 
The Trestle tables are already 

1451
01:21:26,100 --> 01:21:29,900
laid, the bread trenches set 
out, the air thick with the 

1452
01:21:29,900 --> 01:21:33,200
smell of roasted meat. 
And the particular human warmth 

1453
01:21:33,200 --> 01:21:35,600
of bodies packed into an 
enclosed space. 

1454
01:21:36,900 --> 01:21:39,900
You make your way to the high 
table, where your family sits 

1455
01:21:39,900 --> 01:21:43,300
slightly elevated above the 
general population, a physical 

1456
01:21:43,300 --> 01:21:46,400
manifestation of hierarchy that 
no one questioned because it 

1457
01:21:46,400 --> 01:21:49,900
simply how things are. 
Your father is already seated 

1458
01:21:49,900 --> 01:21:52,600
discussing something with the 
bailiff that involves much 

1459
01:21:52,600 --> 01:21:55,100
pointing at an absent field and 
frowning. 

1460
01:21:56,100 --> 01:21:59,600
Your mother arrives moments 
after you her ladies trailing 

1461
01:21:59,600 --> 01:22:02,100
behind to take their places at 
the side tables. 

1462
01:22:02,900 --> 01:22:05,600
Your brother slouches into his 
seat, with the particular 

1463
01:22:05,600 --> 01:22:09,300
graceless of 12 year old boys 
who have just finished weapons 

1464
01:22:09,300 --> 01:22:12,100
practice and our mainly 
interested in food. 

1465
01:22:13,100 --> 01:22:14,800
The servants. 
Bring the first course. 

1466
01:22:15,800 --> 01:22:19,200
Thick pottage of beans and 
barley steaming in its bowl. 

1467
01:22:19,200 --> 01:22:22,600
You eat with your bread, 
trencher soaking up the broth, 

1468
01:22:22,600 --> 01:22:24,600
the warmth of its spreading 
through. 

1469
01:22:24,600 --> 01:22:28,800
You, the pottage is good. 
Hearty and flavored with onions 

1470
01:22:28,800 --> 01:22:32,000
and herbs and small bits of salt
pork that add depth without 

1471
01:22:32,000 --> 01:22:34,600
overwhelming. 
You've had this same pottage 

1472
01:22:34,600 --> 01:22:37,100
countless times but it never 
gets old. 

1473
01:22:37,700 --> 01:22:39,900
There's something comforting 
about familiar food. 

1474
01:22:40,800 --> 01:22:45,000
The next course arrives, roasted
Capon still on the bone, the 

1475
01:22:45,000 --> 01:22:46,800
skin crispy and gleaming with 
fat. 

1476
01:22:47,700 --> 01:22:51,800
Your father, carves the meat 
falling away in tender pieces. 

1477
01:22:51,800 --> 01:22:55,400
You take your portion along with
some of the roasted turnips that

1478
01:22:55,400 --> 01:22:58,500
have been cooking alongside the 
bird, their edges caramelized 

1479
01:22:58,500 --> 01:23:01,600
and sweet. 
Turnips your favorite part 

1480
01:23:01,600 --> 01:23:03,400
actually though you'd never 
admit it. 

1481
01:23:04,200 --> 01:23:07,600
There's something undignified 
about preferring vegetables to 

1482
01:23:07,600 --> 01:23:10,500
meet. 
Around the hall conversation, 

1483
01:23:10,500 --> 01:23:14,400
Rises and Falls like waves. 
The lower tables allowed her 

1484
01:23:14,400 --> 01:23:18,700
voice is mixing into a general 
whom punctuated by laughter and 

1485
01:23:18,700 --> 01:23:23,200
the occasional Shout Someone has
brought in a dog which is 

1486
01:23:23,200 --> 01:23:26,800
strictly forbidden but happens 
anyway with reliable regularity.

1487
01:23:26,800 --> 01:23:31,000
The dog wanders between tables 
hoping for scraps and several 

1488
01:23:31,000 --> 01:23:33,500
people of obliged, despite the 
official rules against such 

1489
01:23:33,500 --> 01:23:36,200
things. 
Your father is telling a story 

1490
01:23:36,200 --> 01:23:39,800
now about a hunting trip last 
Autumn when sir Robert's horse 

1491
01:23:39,800 --> 01:23:43,500
threw him into a stream. 
So Robert sitting three seats 

1492
01:23:43,500 --> 01:23:47,400
down, takes the ribbing with 
good grace, adding his own 

1493
01:23:47,400 --> 01:23:50,300
embellishments about the 
temperature of the water and the

1494
01:23:50,308 --> 01:23:53,200
indignity of explaining wet 
clothes to his wife. 

1495
01:23:54,100 --> 01:23:57,500
Table laughs and you find 
yourself smiling around your 

1496
01:23:57,500 --> 01:24:01,000
bread. 
And the Dear Sir, Robert adds 

1497
01:24:01,000 --> 01:24:04,000
stopped to watch. 
I swear it was laughing. 

1498
01:24:05,000 --> 01:24:07,000
Dear. 
Don't laugh your brother objects

1499
01:24:07,000 --> 01:24:09,000
with the absolute. 
Certainty of someone. 

1500
01:24:09,000 --> 01:24:09,900
Who knows. 
Everything. 

1501
01:24:10,700 --> 01:24:15,500
This one did I saw its face? 
Your brother looks ready to 

1502
01:24:15,500 --> 01:24:18,000
argue the point further, but 
your mother catches his eye. 

1503
01:24:18,000 --> 01:24:21,500
And he subsides returning to his
cape on with renewed, Focus. 

1504
01:24:21,500 --> 01:24:24,000
You hide your smile behind your 
cup. 

1505
01:24:24,000 --> 01:24:27,000
Your brother's faith. 
In his own correctness, is both 

1506
01:24:27,000 --> 01:24:30,600
endearing and occasionally, 
exhausting the milk continues 

1507
01:24:30,600 --> 01:24:33,900
through additional courses, 
fishing a cream sauce, more 

1508
01:24:33,900 --> 01:24:36,200
bread. 
And a dish of stewed apples that

1509
01:24:36,200 --> 01:24:39,600
are probably the last of last 
year's store wrinkled, but still

1510
01:24:39,600 --> 01:24:43,100
sweet. 
You eat slowly savoring each 

1511
01:24:43,100 --> 01:24:47,000
bite in, no, hurry to return to 
your embroidery, the hall is 

1512
01:24:47,000 --> 01:24:50,300
warm from the fire and the Press
of bodies and you've achieved 

1513
01:24:50,300 --> 01:24:53,300
that Pleasant state of being 
neither hungry or uncomfortably 

1514
01:24:53,300 --> 01:24:55,900
full. 
Your father moves on to a state 

1515
01:24:55,900 --> 01:24:58,500
business. 
To sing the spring plowing with 

1516
01:24:58,500 --> 01:25:01,700
the bailiff. 
When to start which fields to 

1517
01:25:01,700 --> 01:25:04,100
plant with what crops and how 
many oxen they'll need. 

1518
01:25:04,100 --> 01:25:09,500
It's the Eternal agricultural 
calculus balancing soil and seed

1519
01:25:09,500 --> 01:25:12,500
and season trying to wring 
enough from the land to feed 

1520
01:25:12,500 --> 01:25:14,800
everyone. 
For another year, you've heard 

1521
01:25:14,800 --> 01:25:17,600
these same discussions your 
entire life and you could 

1522
01:25:17,600 --> 01:25:20,500
probably make most of the 
decisions Yourself by now. 

1523
01:25:21,200 --> 01:25:25,500
Though no one's asking for your 
input. the Northfield should 

1524
01:25:25,500 --> 01:25:28,700
rest this year, the bailiff is 
saying we've worked it hard for 

1525
01:25:28,700 --> 01:25:32,900
three seasons, your father not 
slowly considering Plant it with

1526
01:25:32,908 --> 01:25:38,100
peas, then they'll fix the soil.
This is where your mind tends to

1527
01:25:38,100 --> 01:25:39,400
wander during these 
conversations. 

1528
01:25:39,400 --> 01:25:43,700
The endless practical details of
running an estate important. 

1529
01:25:43,700 --> 01:25:46,100
Certainly necessary. 
Absolutely. 

1530
01:25:47,000 --> 01:25:50,400
But not precisely thrilling. 
You let their voices become 

1531
01:25:50,400 --> 01:25:52,700
background, noise and focus on 
your apples. 

1532
01:25:52,700 --> 01:25:55,300
Fishing out. 
The best piece is from the syrup

1533
01:25:55,300 --> 01:25:58,900
this swimming in By the time, 
the meal winds down the 

1534
01:25:58,900 --> 01:26:03,000
afternoon is well advanced. 
Your father Rises the signal 

1535
01:26:03,000 --> 01:26:04,500
that the meal is officially 
over. 

1536
01:26:05,400 --> 01:26:09,700
The household begins to disperse
servants, clearing tables, men 

1537
01:26:09,700 --> 01:26:12,200
returning to work and your 
mother Gathering her ladies. 

1538
01:26:12,200 --> 01:26:15,600
You rise as well, your body 
slightly stiff from sitting and 

1539
01:26:15,600 --> 01:26:18,700
prepare yourself for more 
needlework. but your mother 

1540
01:26:18,700 --> 01:26:21,600
surprises, you Take your sewing 
to the Garden. 

1541
01:26:21,600 --> 01:26:24,800
If you like, she says, already 
moving toward the stairs. 

1542
01:26:24,800 --> 01:26:26,500
The light is good this 
afternoon. 

1543
01:26:28,100 --> 01:26:31,100
You try not to look too eager as
you think her, but inside, 

1544
01:26:31,100 --> 01:26:32,600
you're already planning your 
Escape. 

1545
01:26:33,300 --> 01:26:35,900
The garden is your favorite 
place in the entire Castle. 

1546
01:26:35,900 --> 01:26:39,600
A small square of cultivated 
Earth, tucked against the South 

1547
01:26:39,600 --> 01:26:42,300
wall with a stone holds the 
sun's warmth. 

1548
01:26:43,400 --> 01:26:49,000
In summer, it's a riot of color 
Rose's, Lily's herbs, both 

1549
01:26:49,000 --> 01:26:52,400
medicinal and culinary. 
And even a small patch of 

1550
01:26:52,400 --> 01:26:56,700
strawberries that your mother 
guards jealously Now in February

1551
01:26:56,700 --> 01:27:01,400
its mostly bare Earth and dead 
stalks but here and there you 

1552
01:27:01,400 --> 01:27:04,500
can see the green shoots of 
early bulbs pushing through. 

1553
01:27:05,400 --> 01:27:09,400
Termed, and optimistic. 
You settle on the stone bench 

1554
01:27:09,400 --> 01:27:12,800
near the Rose Marie which 
somehow stays green year-round 

1555
01:27:12,800 --> 01:27:15,700
and fills the air with its sharp
clean scent. 

1556
01:27:15,700 --> 01:27:18,700
When you brush against It Agnes 
has brought your embroidery 

1557
01:27:18,700 --> 01:27:22,300
frame and a cushion lesser and 
she hovers on certainly until 

1558
01:27:22,300 --> 01:27:26,000
you waive her off to whatever. 
Tasks she has waiting You don't 

1559
01:27:26,000 --> 01:27:29,500
actually need supervision to sit
in a garden and stab linen with 

1560
01:27:29,508 --> 01:27:32,300
a needle. 
The quiet is immediate and 

1561
01:27:32,300 --> 01:27:34,600
complete. 
The garden walls block. 

1562
01:27:34,600 --> 01:27:37,400
Most of the castle noise, 
leaving only the wind in the 

1563
01:27:37,408 --> 01:27:40,300
bare, branches of the pear tree 
and the distant sound of someone

1564
01:27:40,300 --> 01:27:43,700
chopping wood. 
You take a breath, feeling your 

1565
01:27:43,700 --> 01:27:45,100
shoulders. 
Drop tension. 

1566
01:27:45,100 --> 01:27:47,100
You didn't know you were 
carrying releasing into the 

1567
01:27:47,108 --> 01:27:49,800
afternoon. 
Are You set up your frame 

1568
01:27:49,800 --> 01:27:52,700
threading, your needle more from
muscle memory than conscious 

1569
01:27:52,700 --> 01:27:55,700
thought. 
The Rose needs more work, it 

1570
01:27:55,700 --> 01:27:58,500
always needs more work but now 
you can do it without your 

1571
01:27:58,500 --> 01:28:00,700
mother's. 
Watchful eye tracking every 

1572
01:28:00,700 --> 01:28:05,100
Stitch You settle into the 
rhythm of it, needle in and out 

1573
01:28:05,100 --> 01:28:09,500
the silk catching the light. 
A robin lands on the wall, 

1574
01:28:09,500 --> 01:28:13,200
nearby regarding you with the 
suspicious interest Robin's. 

1575
01:28:13,200 --> 01:28:16,800
Always seem to have it hops 
along the stones head cocked 

1576
01:28:16,800 --> 01:28:19,200
before deciding you're not 
interesting enough to 

1577
01:28:19,200 --> 01:28:21,000
investigate further and flying 
off. 

1578
01:28:21,800 --> 01:28:24,200
You watch it. 
Go a small flash of rusted 

1579
01:28:24,200 --> 01:28:27,300
against Grace Stone. 
The Garden in Winter, has a 

1580
01:28:27,308 --> 01:28:31,600
particular quality of patience. 
Everything is waiting the roses 

1581
01:28:31,600 --> 01:28:34,900
for spring pruning. 
The herbs for warmer days and 

1582
01:28:34,900 --> 01:28:38,300
the fruit trees for whatever 
Alchemy transforms bare branches

1583
01:28:38,300 --> 01:28:41,700
into blossoms, You understand 
the feeling? 

1584
01:28:42,300 --> 01:28:46,900
You've been waiting yourself in 
various ways for years now. 

1585
01:28:47,900 --> 01:28:49,500
Waiting to be old enough for 
marriage. 

1586
01:28:49,500 --> 01:28:53,200
Negotiations, waiting for your 
father, to choose from among the

1587
01:28:53,200 --> 01:28:55,400
various options is Council 
presents. 

1588
01:28:56,200 --> 01:28:59,300
Waiting for your life to 
properly begin instead of 

1589
01:28:59,308 --> 01:29:02,200
existing in this strange 
Preparatory state. 

1590
01:29:02,900 --> 01:29:04,300
You've mostly made peace with 
it. 

1591
01:29:04,300 --> 01:29:08,800
Mostly there are days when the 
waiting feels less like patience

1592
01:29:08,800 --> 01:29:12,700
and more like, suspension, when 
you want to shake everyone and 

1593
01:29:12,700 --> 01:29:15,100
demand that something, anything 
happen. 

1594
01:29:16,000 --> 01:29:18,600
But those days are rare. 
And now you've learned the same 

1595
01:29:18,600 --> 01:29:20,800
list in the garden. 
Knows that rushing. 

1596
01:29:20,800 --> 01:29:22,900
The season doesn't make spring 
come faster. 

1597
01:29:24,100 --> 01:29:27,800
A b appears from somewhere. 
Drowsy and confused by the 

1598
01:29:27,800 --> 01:29:30,700
unseasonable warmth of the 
afternoon sun on the South Wall.

1599
01:29:31,900 --> 01:29:35,000
It bumbles past, you 
investigating the Rose Marie. 

1600
01:29:35,000 --> 01:29:38,000
Hopefully, before moving on to 
check the dead lavender stalks. 

1601
01:29:38,700 --> 01:29:40,500
You wish it luck, finding 
anything worth visiting. 

1602
01:29:41,700 --> 01:29:44,400
The spring flowers have an 
opened yet the winter ones are 

1603
01:29:44,400 --> 01:29:47,000
long, finish your stitches are 
better out here. 

1604
01:29:47,000 --> 01:29:51,900
You notice more even less 
anxious Perhaps it's the lack of

1605
01:29:51,908 --> 01:29:54,900
audience or perhaps. 
It's simply that the garden 

1606
01:29:54,900 --> 01:29:58,300
makes everything easier. you've 
always felt more yourself here 

1607
01:29:58,300 --> 01:30:02,100
among the growing things than 
you do in the formal rooms of 

1608
01:30:02,100 --> 01:30:05,200
the castle, where everything is 
about presentation, and 

1609
01:30:05,200 --> 01:30:09,500
propriety, Of something Green 
catches your eye near the path. 

1610
01:30:10,300 --> 01:30:13,500
Probably a crocus judging by the
shape of the leaves. 

1611
01:30:13,500 --> 01:30:15,900
You'll have to tell the gardener
to be careful. 

1612
01:30:15,900 --> 01:30:19,000
When he starts the spring 
digging, the crocuses were your 

1613
01:30:19,000 --> 01:30:21,800
grandmother's favorite, and your
mother is sentimental about them

1614
01:30:21,800 --> 01:30:24,200
in a way. 
She isn't about much else you 

1615
01:30:24,200 --> 01:30:27,100
make a mental, note to Mark the 
Spot with a small stick so it 

1616
01:30:27,108 --> 01:30:30,300
doesn't get trampled. 
The afternoon light shifts, 

1617
01:30:30,300 --> 01:30:34,900
growing more gold and as the sun
moves West, your rose petal is 

1618
01:30:34,900 --> 01:30:38,000
nearly finished. 
Now the red silk dense and Rich 

1619
01:30:38,800 --> 01:30:41,400
You'll need to start on the 
leaves next, which means, 

1620
01:30:41,400 --> 01:30:45,100
switching to Green thread and a 
whole new set of decisions about

1621
01:30:45,100 --> 01:30:49,200
shading and Direction. 
But not today, today your 

1622
01:30:49,200 --> 01:30:51,600
content to finish what you 
started and call it progress. 

1623
01:30:52,400 --> 01:30:55,700
You hear the chapel bell ring 
for none, marking the afternoon 

1624
01:30:55,700 --> 01:30:59,700
office, you don't move, you're 
allowed this small Rebellion, 

1625
01:30:59,700 --> 01:31:03,300
this choosing of garden over 
prayer at least for now. 

1626
01:31:04,300 --> 01:31:07,400
Your mother will forgive it. 
Or at least Overlook it. 

1627
01:31:08,300 --> 01:31:11,500
The garden is one of the few 
places where the rules, relax 

1628
01:31:11,500 --> 01:31:14,400
slightly. 
Where you can be something other

1629
01:31:14,400 --> 01:31:17,700
than perfectly dutiful a cat 
appears from behind the 

1630
01:31:17,700 --> 01:31:21,000
lavender, one of the barn cats 
that hunt mice in The Granary. 

1631
01:31:21,700 --> 01:31:25,700
It's a rainy Tabby more wild 
than tame but it's learned that 

1632
01:31:25,708 --> 01:31:28,200
the garden sometimes means laps 
and warmth. 

1633
01:31:28,800 --> 01:31:32,200
It approaches cautiously then 
jumps up onto the bench beside 

1634
01:31:32,200 --> 01:31:35,400
you circling twice before 
settling into a compact loaf 

1635
01:31:35,400 --> 01:31:37,800
shape. 
You're supposed to be working, 

1636
01:31:37,800 --> 01:31:41,000
you tell it, but you're already 
reaching out to scratch behind 

1637
01:31:41,000 --> 01:31:44,500
its ears. 
Is starts purring, a rusty 

1638
01:31:44,500 --> 01:31:46,000
engine sound. 
That makes you smile. 

1639
01:31:46,000 --> 01:31:48,100
The two of you. 
Sit like that for a while. 

1640
01:31:48,100 --> 01:31:52,200
You stitching the cat purring 
the garden waiting patiently for

1641
01:31:52,200 --> 01:31:54,500
spring. 
It's not exciting. 

1642
01:31:54,500 --> 01:31:56,800
Exactly. 
No one would write a song about 

1643
01:31:56,800 --> 01:32:01,000
it but it is yours. 
This quiet afternoon moment and 

1644
01:32:01,000 --> 01:32:04,000
that's enough he often brings 
you back inside. 

1645
01:32:04,000 --> 01:32:07,400
Reluctantly leaving the garden's
piece for the Great Hall where 

1646
01:32:07,400 --> 01:32:09,600
your father holds what he calls 
his open court. 

1647
01:32:10,400 --> 01:32:13,100
The weekly session where tenants
and towns people can bring 

1648
01:32:13,100 --> 01:32:16,800
grievances requests and the 
general administrative chaos of 

1649
01:32:16,800 --> 01:32:20,100
managing an estate. 
You're not required to attend, 

1650
01:32:20,100 --> 01:32:23,300
but your father has recently 
decided you should learn the 

1651
01:32:23,300 --> 01:32:26,500
Practical side of governance. 
which means sitting on a 

1652
01:32:26,500 --> 01:32:30,000
slightly uncomfortable chair at 
the side of his great carved 

1653
01:32:30,000 --> 01:32:33,100
seat and trying to look 
interested while people argue 

1654
01:32:33,100 --> 01:32:36,900
about boundary stones and water 
rights The hall is already 

1655
01:32:36,900 --> 01:32:40,500
filling when you arrive, you 
recognize most of the faces. 

1656
01:32:40,500 --> 01:32:43,700
These are your father's people 
farmers and Craftsmen and 

1657
01:32:43,700 --> 01:32:45,500
Merchants you've known your 
entire life. 

1658
01:32:46,300 --> 01:32:48,500
Old Thomas, who runs the mill is
near the front. 

1659
01:32:48,500 --> 01:32:49,800
Looking a grieved about 
something. 

1660
01:32:49,800 --> 01:32:54,100
The Carpenters wife stands with 
their arms crossed her face set 

1661
01:32:54,100 --> 01:32:56,200
in determined lines that 
suggests. 

1662
01:32:56,200 --> 01:32:58,100
She's not leaving without 
satisfaction. 

1663
01:32:58,100 --> 01:33:01,900
Your father enters with 
appropriate, ceremony settling 

1664
01:33:01,900 --> 01:33:04,100
into his chair with the weight 
of someone who knows. 

1665
01:33:04,100 --> 01:33:07,000
He's about to spend several 
hours mediating disputes. 

1666
01:33:08,200 --> 01:33:11,700
The stewards stands, ready with 
his role of parchment, ready to 

1667
01:33:11,700 --> 01:33:15,200
record, decisions your angel, 
skirts and prepare to look 

1668
01:33:15,200 --> 01:33:18,800
attentive. 
First petition is about pigs. 

1669
01:33:19,700 --> 01:33:22,500
Specifically, about whether 
Walter's pigs have been rooting 

1670
01:33:22,500 --> 01:33:26,400
in Edmonds, kitchen garden. 
And if, so what compensation is 

1671
01:33:26,400 --> 01:33:30,400
owed for destroyed cabbages, 
Both men, present, their cases, 

1672
01:33:30,400 --> 01:33:33,500
with the passionate intensity, 
usually reserved for matters of 

1673
01:33:33,500 --> 01:33:37,400
life and death. 
Your father, listens his face 

1674
01:33:37,400 --> 01:33:40,200
carefully. 
Neutral asking occasional 

1675
01:33:40,200 --> 01:33:42,500
questions about fence 
maintenance and pig. 

1676
01:33:42,500 --> 01:33:45,900
Wandering patterns in the end, 
he rules that Walter must pay 

1677
01:33:45,900 --> 01:33:48,300
for the cabbages and repair his 
fence to prevent future. 

1678
01:33:48,300 --> 01:33:52,400
Poor sign, invasions both men, 
look moderately satisfied with 

1679
01:33:52,400 --> 01:33:56,000
this, which your father has 
explained, is the Hallmark of a 

1680
01:33:56,000 --> 01:33:58,400
good judgment. 
Everyone leaves slightly 

1681
01:33:58,400 --> 01:34:01,000
unhappy, which means it's 
probably Fair. 

1682
01:34:01,000 --> 01:34:04,900
The next case involves a 
disputed property line, which 

1683
01:34:04,900 --> 01:34:08,200
requires bringing out a map and 
several elderly men who claim to

1684
01:34:08,200 --> 01:34:12,100
remember where the boundary is 
always been They don't agree 

1685
01:34:12,100 --> 01:34:14,900
naturally. 
Once wears the old, Oaks the 

1686
01:34:14,900 --> 01:34:17,100
corner. 
While another insists is the 

1687
01:34:17,100 --> 01:34:21,600
Hawthorne hedge, a third claims 
both are wrong and the true 

1688
01:34:21,600 --> 01:34:24,300
boundaries. 
The drainage ditch which hasn't 

1689
01:34:24,300 --> 01:34:28,100
existed in living memory, but 
his grandfather told him about 

1690
01:34:28,100 --> 01:34:30,200
it. 
Your father questioned, each 

1691
01:34:30,200 --> 01:34:33,200
man, patiently working to 
establish some sort of 

1692
01:34:33,208 --> 01:34:36,000
consensus. 
You watch the process with 

1693
01:34:36,000 --> 01:34:40,000
growing appreciation for his 
skill, he never dismisses anyone

1694
01:34:40,000 --> 01:34:44,200
never suggest their memories are
fully and just gently guides 

1695
01:34:44,200 --> 01:34:45,800
them toward finding common 
ground. 

1696
01:34:46,800 --> 01:34:50,300
Eventually they agreed to split 
the difference with the boundary

1697
01:34:50,300 --> 01:34:51,900
running between the Oak and the 
Hedge. 

1698
01:34:51,900 --> 01:34:54,900
The disputed strip will be 
common grazing. 

1699
01:34:55,700 --> 01:34:57,600
Everyone looks relieved to have 
it settled. 

1700
01:34:58,500 --> 01:35:00,900
The afternoon proceeds through a
catalog of minor. 

1701
01:35:00,900 --> 01:35:05,300
Dramas, a question about fishing
rights in the Stream, a 

1702
01:35:05,300 --> 01:35:08,400
complaint about the baker's 
weights, and a request to delay 

1703
01:35:08,400 --> 01:35:11,000
rent payment until after the 
spring planting. 

1704
01:35:11,800 --> 01:35:14,800
Each case requires listening 
questioning and sometimes 

1705
01:35:14,800 --> 01:35:17,500
Consulting with the steward or 
bailiff before rendering 

1706
01:35:17,500 --> 01:35:20,500
judgment. 
If you find yourself paying 

1707
01:35:20,500 --> 01:35:22,900
attention, despite the mundane 
subject matter. 

1708
01:35:23,700 --> 01:35:26,000
There's something fascinating 
about the way people present 

1709
01:35:26,000 --> 01:35:29,500
their cases, the rhetoric, they 
employ and the appeals to 

1710
01:35:29,508 --> 01:35:31,600
tradition, or fairness or common
sense. 

1711
01:35:32,600 --> 01:35:35,100
The Carpenters wife arguing for 
compensation. 

1712
01:35:35,100 --> 01:35:38,300
After a tree from your father's 
land fell on her husband's 

1713
01:35:38,300 --> 01:35:43,000
Workshop speaks with control 
passion about Justice and 

1714
01:35:43,000 --> 01:35:46,600
responsibility your father 
listens to her entire argument. 

1715
01:35:46,600 --> 01:35:50,500
Before pointing out gently that 
the tree fell in a storm that no

1716
01:35:50,500 --> 01:35:53,500
one could have predicted. 
And while he sympathizes with 

1717
01:35:53,500 --> 01:35:56,600
her loss, he cannot be held 
responsible for acts of God. 

1718
01:35:56,600 --> 01:36:01,400
However, he continues, he will 
provide Timba from his own Woods

1719
01:36:01,400 --> 01:36:04,000
to repair the workshop as a 
gesture of Goodwill. 

1720
01:36:05,000 --> 01:36:08,900
The Carpenter's wife accepts 
this with Grace and you make a 

1721
01:36:08,900 --> 01:36:12,400
mental note of the strategy 
acknowledge the claim without 

1722
01:36:12,400 --> 01:36:15,300
accepting the premise. 
Then offer something to soften 

1723
01:36:15,300 --> 01:36:18,000
the refusal its diplomacy in 
miniature. 

1724
01:36:19,000 --> 01:36:22,100
Old Thomas's complained about 
the grain measures turns out to 

1725
01:36:22,100 --> 01:36:25,500
be less about the measures 
themselves and more about a 

1726
01:36:25,500 --> 01:36:28,000
running dispute with the 
Miller's wife, which everyone in

1727
01:36:28,000 --> 01:36:29,800
the hall. 
Apparently knows about except 

1728
01:36:29,800 --> 01:36:32,900
your father There's some 
suppressed laughter when the 

1729
01:36:32,900 --> 01:36:36,000
Millers wife is called forward 
and immediately begins her own 

1730
01:36:36,000 --> 01:36:39,700
restitution of grievances. 
Most of which involved Thomas's 

1731
01:36:39,700 --> 01:36:43,500
allegedly wandering hands during
delivery your father cuts 

1732
01:36:43,500 --> 01:36:45,700
through the personal drama to 
the Practical issue. 

1733
01:36:45,700 --> 01:36:49,600
Are the measures accurate or not
It's just conducted with 

1734
01:36:49,600 --> 01:36:53,300
standard weights and the 
measures proved true case, 

1735
01:36:53,300 --> 01:36:56,400
dismissed though with a stern 
lecture to Thomas about 

1736
01:36:56,400 --> 01:36:58,700
appropriate behavior. 
That makes the old man Shuffle 

1737
01:36:58,700 --> 01:37:03,300
his feet, like a scalded child, 
By the time, the last petition 

1738
01:37:03,300 --> 01:37:06,600
is heard a straightforward 
request for permission to cut 

1739
01:37:06,600 --> 01:37:08,800
wood in the forest easily 
granted. 

1740
01:37:09,700 --> 01:37:13,100
Your tired from sitting still 
for so long but your mind feels 

1741
01:37:13,100 --> 01:37:16,600
pleasantly engaged. 
Petty details of a state 

1742
01:37:16,600 --> 01:37:18,300
management. 
Turn out to be more interesting 

1743
01:37:18,300 --> 01:37:22,500
than you expected, full of human
nature, and problem-solving and 

1744
01:37:22,500 --> 01:37:25,700
the Eternal challenge of 
balancing competing interests. 

1745
01:37:26,600 --> 01:37:30,700
Your father Rises signaling, the
end of the session, the crowd 

1746
01:37:30,700 --> 01:37:34,400
disperses some people lingering 
to speak with the steward or 

1747
01:37:34,400 --> 01:37:38,000
bailiff about details. 
You stand as well stretching 

1748
01:37:38,000 --> 01:37:40,500
surreptitiously. 
What did you think? 

1749
01:37:40,500 --> 01:37:44,500
Your father asks surprising you,
he rarely asks your opinion on 

1750
01:37:44,500 --> 01:37:47,500
anything. 
I think the Carpenters wife made

1751
01:37:47,500 --> 01:37:50,600
the best argument you say 
honestly even though she didn't 

1752
01:37:50,600 --> 01:37:52,400
win. 
He nods slowly. 

1753
01:37:53,500 --> 01:37:54,800
She presented her case. 
Well. 

1754
01:37:55,600 --> 01:37:58,300
But sometimes being right isn't 
the same as being entitled to 

1755
01:37:58,300 --> 01:38:01,700
compensation. 
He pauses though, the timber was

1756
01:38:01,700 --> 01:38:02,900
a fair compromise. 
I think. 

1757
01:38:03,800 --> 01:38:07,000
Very fair, you agree and 
something that might be approval

1758
01:38:07,000 --> 01:38:09,700
flickers across his face before 
he turns to confirm with the 

1759
01:38:09,700 --> 01:38:12,100
steward. 
You leave the holding oddly 

1760
01:38:12,100 --> 01:38:15,400
satisfied as if you've learned 
something important without 

1761
01:38:15,400 --> 01:38:17,300
quite being able to articulate 
what it is. 

1762
01:38:18,200 --> 01:38:21,200
Evening approaches bringing with
it, the owl, your mother calls 

1763
01:38:21,200 --> 01:38:24,600
cultivation of the gentle Arts, 
which is her way of saying, it's

1764
01:38:24,600 --> 01:38:27,500
time for music track practice, 
you collect your loot from your 

1765
01:38:27,500 --> 01:38:30,600
chamber, the instrument, that's 
been your companion since you 

1766
01:38:30,600 --> 01:38:34,800
were 10 and deemed old enough to
learn proper playing, the lute 

1767
01:38:34,800 --> 01:38:38,300
is beautiful, in its way, 
polished wood, in laid with 

1768
01:38:38,300 --> 01:38:42,000
subtle patterning, around the 
soundhole and strings that gleam

1769
01:38:42,000 --> 01:38:46,000
in the candlelight. 
It's also temperamental prone to

1770
01:38:46,000 --> 01:38:49,200
going out of tune at the 
slightest provocation and 

1771
01:38:49,200 --> 01:38:52,800
possessed of a personality that 
you've never quite managed a 

1772
01:38:52,800 --> 01:38:54,900
master. 
Your relationship with the 

1773
01:38:54,900 --> 01:38:58,100
instrument is one of mutual 
tolerance rather than Harmony. 

1774
01:38:58,800 --> 01:39:02,100
With your music teacher finds 
endlessly disappointing? 

1775
01:39:03,400 --> 01:39:06,400
Brother Anselm is waiting in the
small chamber of the solar. 

1776
01:39:06,400 --> 01:39:10,500
His own loot already tuned. 
He's a different sort of Monk 

1777
01:39:10,500 --> 01:39:14,300
than brother Clemente. 
Younger more worldly with an 

1778
01:39:14,300 --> 01:39:17,900
actual talent for music rather 
than the dutiful competence most

1779
01:39:17,900 --> 01:39:20,700
Brothers, develop. 
He can make his loot sing in 

1780
01:39:20,700 --> 01:39:21,600
ways. 
Yours dead. 

1781
01:39:21,600 --> 01:39:25,600
Fastly, refuses to, which is 
both inspiring and mildly 

1782
01:39:25,600 --> 01:39:28,700
irritating. 
My lady, he greets you with a 

1783
01:39:28,700 --> 01:39:31,500
small bow. 
Shelby with the French are with 

1784
01:39:31,500 --> 01:39:34,300
began last week. 
You settle onto your stool, 

1785
01:39:34,300 --> 01:39:38,100
adjusting the loot on your lap. 
We can try though. 

1786
01:39:38,100 --> 01:39:41,700
It wasn't going well last time. 
Music is patient with those who 

1787
01:39:41,700 --> 01:39:44,600
are patient with it, he says, 
which is the sort of thing, 

1788
01:39:44,600 --> 01:39:47,700
music teaches say when you're 
not very good but they're too 

1789
01:39:47,700 --> 01:39:51,500
polite to mention it directly. 
You begin tuning, adjusting the 

1790
01:39:51,500 --> 01:39:55,400
pegs, with careful precision. 
The strings ping and stretch 

1791
01:39:55,400 --> 01:39:57,500
gradually settling into 
something. 

1792
01:39:57,500 --> 01:40:00,400
Approaching correct pitch 
brother Anselm. 

1793
01:40:00,400 --> 01:40:03,100
Waits with the infinite patience
of someone who's witnessed this 

1794
01:40:03,100 --> 01:40:06,400
process. 
Hundreds of times. better, he 

1795
01:40:06,400 --> 01:40:09,900
says when you finally play a 
tentative chord, now remember, 

1796
01:40:10,800 --> 01:40:14,000
Fourth finger stays curved like 
you're holding an egg. 

1797
01:40:14,800 --> 01:40:17,500
You've never understood why the 
posture for Loop playing 

1798
01:40:17,500 --> 01:40:20,500
involves invisible eggs? 
But you adjust your hand 

1799
01:40:20,500 --> 01:40:22,900
accordingly. 
The air you're learning is 

1800
01:40:22,900 --> 01:40:26,100
called Belle. 
Duet a Melancholy piece about 

1801
01:40:26,100 --> 01:40:28,500
waiting and longing. 
That seems appropriate for a 

1802
01:40:28,508 --> 01:40:31,700
winter evening. 
You begin fingers, finding the 

1803
01:40:31,700 --> 01:40:34,900
familiar patterns. 
The first few measures go well 

1804
01:40:34,900 --> 01:40:38,000
but then you hit the passage 
where the melody moves to the 

1805
01:40:38,000 --> 01:40:40,800
higher strings, and everything 
falls apart. 

1806
01:40:41,900 --> 01:40:45,600
Your fourth finger, refuses to 
curve properly, the notes come 

1807
01:40:45,600 --> 01:40:48,500
out muffled and you lose the 
Rhythm entirely. 

1808
01:40:49,300 --> 01:40:53,900
You stop frustrated. 
Again, brother answer him says 

1809
01:40:53,900 --> 01:40:57,000
not unkindly. 
Listen to the space is between 

1810
01:40:57,000 --> 01:40:59,700
the notes there as important as 
the notes themselves. 

1811
01:41:01,500 --> 01:41:06,200
Try again, this time, you focus 
on the pauses, the silence, that

1812
01:41:06,200 --> 01:41:10,500
gives shape to the sound. 
It's marginally better though. 

1813
01:41:10,500 --> 01:41:13,300
Still far from the fluid Beauty 
brother Anselm. 

1814
01:41:13,300 --> 01:41:16,500
Achieves, when he plays it. 
But you can hear the melody now 

1815
01:41:16,500 --> 01:41:20,400
and can feel where it wants to 
go, even if your fingers don't 

1816
01:41:20,400 --> 01:41:22,700
quite take it there. 
Good. 

1817
01:41:22,700 --> 01:41:25,800
He says when you finish, you're 
thinking too much about 

1818
01:41:25,800 --> 01:41:29,500
technique and not enough about 
the music itself, let your 

1819
01:41:29,500 --> 01:41:31,700
hands. 
Remember the pattern while your 

1820
01:41:31,700 --> 01:41:36,400
mind follows the melody, This is
easier said than done rather 

1821
01:41:36,400 --> 01:41:38,400
like telling someone to think 
about not thinking. 

1822
01:41:39,500 --> 01:41:43,700
But you try again attempting to 
relax into the music instead of 

1823
01:41:43,700 --> 01:41:46,400
attacking it. 
Your hands move through the 

1824
01:41:46,400 --> 01:41:51,000
pattern stumbling in places but 
recovering the melody emerges 

1825
01:41:51,000 --> 01:41:55,500
hesitant but recognizable. 
Their brother handsome says with

1826
01:41:55,508 --> 01:41:57,600
satisfaction, that's the 
difference. 

1827
01:41:57,600 --> 01:42:01,300
You were playing notes before 
now you're making music. 

1828
01:42:02,200 --> 01:42:04,400
You're not entirely sure. 
You agree with this assessment. 

1829
01:42:04,400 --> 01:42:08,100
The stumbles were still stumbles
the muffled notes still muffled,

1830
01:42:08,100 --> 01:42:13,400
but something did feel different
less forced You play through it 

1831
01:42:13,400 --> 01:42:15,800
again and this time, it flows 
slightly better. 

1832
01:42:15,800 --> 01:42:18,000
The melody line becoming 
clearer. 

1833
01:42:19,400 --> 01:42:21,200
Brother and Son. 
Picks up his own loot. 

1834
01:42:21,200 --> 01:42:23,300
Let me play with you. 
This time. 

1835
01:42:23,300 --> 01:42:25,500
Listen to how the parts fit 
together. 

1836
01:42:26,200 --> 01:42:30,900
He begins you join in after the 
first phrase, his playing is so 

1837
01:42:30,900 --> 01:42:33,300
much smoother than yours. 
That it's almost embarrassing 

1838
01:42:33,300 --> 01:42:36,100
but it also pulls you forward 
and gives you something to 

1839
01:42:36,100 --> 01:42:39,000
follow. 
Your part weaves around his 

1840
01:42:39,000 --> 01:42:42,900
sometimes, harmonizing, 
sometimes moving in, contrary 

1841
01:42:42,900 --> 01:42:45,600
motion. 
When you stumble his steady 

1842
01:42:45,600 --> 01:42:49,300
Rhythm, keeps you from losing 
your place entirely, By the time

1843
01:42:49,300 --> 01:42:53,500
you finish your actually 
smiling, it wasn't perfect far 

1844
01:42:53,500 --> 01:42:58,100
from it, but it was music real 
music two instruments. 

1845
01:42:58,100 --> 01:43:00,800
Speaking to each other in the 
language of Melody and rhythm 

1846
01:43:02,300 --> 01:43:05,200
Brother Anselm is smiling too. 
Clearly pleased with the 

1847
01:43:05,200 --> 01:43:08,100
progress. 
Practice that this week he says 

1848
01:43:08,100 --> 01:43:11,600
not for Perfection but for 
pleasure music should be 

1849
01:43:11,600 --> 01:43:15,900
enjoyed, not injured. 
You promised to try though, you 

1850
01:43:15,900 --> 01:43:19,000
suspect your practice session 
will continue to be more about 

1851
01:43:19,000 --> 01:43:20,900
grinding through difficult 
passages. 

1852
01:43:20,900 --> 01:43:26,400
Then joyful music making Still 
its something to work toward. 

1853
01:43:27,400 --> 01:43:30,500
After brother Anselm leaves, you
sit for a moment with the loot 

1854
01:43:30,500 --> 01:43:32,500
still in your lap plucking Idol 
notes. 

1855
01:43:33,400 --> 01:43:36,700
The instrument feels slightly 
more friendly than usual as if 

1856
01:43:36,700 --> 01:43:40,800
your brief success has softened.
Its attitude you play through a 

1857
01:43:40,800 --> 01:43:43,200
simpler Melody. 
One you learned years ago, 

1858
01:43:43,200 --> 01:43:46,500
letting your fingers, remember 
the pattern while your mind 

1859
01:43:46,500 --> 01:43:49,400
wanders? 
There's something meditative 

1860
01:43:49,400 --> 01:43:52,700
about music when you're alone 
with it, with no one listening 

1861
01:43:52,700 --> 01:43:56,800
or judging the notes rise and 
fall filling the chamber with 

1862
01:43:56,800 --> 01:44:00,700
sound, that's just for you. 
Not performance, not practice 

1863
01:44:00,700 --> 01:44:05,300
just music for the sake of 
making it Eventually your 

1864
01:44:05,300 --> 01:44:08,500
fingers start to tie the loot 
aside. 

1865
01:44:09,400 --> 01:44:12,800
The light is fading outside the 
window, the short February day 

1866
01:44:12,800 --> 01:44:16,100
already giving away to evening. 
You can hear the household 

1867
01:44:16,100 --> 01:44:19,600
settling into its evening, 
rhythms servants, lighting. 

1868
01:44:19,600 --> 01:44:23,100
Candles preparing for supper and
the general shift toward the 

1869
01:44:23,100 --> 01:44:27,000
Days Inn, you take a breath 
Feeling oddly peaceful. 

1870
01:44:28,100 --> 01:44:32,100
The day has been full of small 
things, embroidery and lessons 

1871
01:44:32,100 --> 01:44:36,200
garden and music disputes about 
pigs and Boundary stones. 

1872
01:44:37,100 --> 01:44:40,500
Nothing, dramatic, nothing that 
would make a song or story. 

1873
01:44:40,500 --> 01:44:45,400
Just life ordinary and 
unremarkable, rolling forward. 

1874
01:44:45,400 --> 01:44:50,400
One small moment at a time. 
After a light supper bread and 

1875
01:44:50,400 --> 01:44:53,900
cheese and some of the preserves
from Summer eaten quickly in the

1876
01:44:53,908 --> 01:44:58,300
small chamber, where your family
takes in formal meals, you 

1877
01:44:58,300 --> 01:44:59,500
Retreat to your chamber for the 
evening. 

1878
01:44:59,500 --> 01:45:03,600
Agnes has already prepared your 
writing desk, setting out, fresh

1879
01:45:03,600 --> 01:45:05,900
parchment during quail and the 
quills. 

1880
01:45:05,900 --> 01:45:08,800
She sharpened earlier. 
Letter writing is your favorite 

1881
01:45:08,800 --> 01:45:11,700
part of the day, the hour when 
you get to think beyond the 

1882
01:45:11,700 --> 01:45:14,700
castle walls, your 
correspondence is limited of 

1883
01:45:14,700 --> 01:45:18,000
course. 
Your arm to core a cousin, 

1884
01:45:18,000 --> 01:45:21,100
married to a minor Lord in the 
north and occasionally your 

1885
01:45:21,100 --> 01:45:23,900
mother's sister who lives in a 
Convent and writes the most 

1886
01:45:23,900 --> 01:45:28,000
wonderfully, a cervical letters 
about religious life. but these 

1887
01:45:28,000 --> 01:45:32,200
few connections are precious 
threads, linking, you to a wider

1888
01:45:32,200 --> 01:45:35,400
world, you can only Glimpse 
through written words Tonight, 

1889
01:45:35,400 --> 01:45:38,500
your writing to your aunt, who 
sent a letter last week full of 

1890
01:45:38,508 --> 01:45:41,700
Court gossip and political 
maneuvering, that was more 

1891
01:45:41,700 --> 01:45:43,700
entertaining than any minstrels 
Tale. 

1892
01:45:44,500 --> 01:45:47,700
She has a gift for description, 
bringing the great Lords and 

1893
01:45:47,700 --> 01:45:51,800
Ladies to life with a few sharp 
observations reading her letters

1894
01:45:51,800 --> 01:45:55,300
makes you feel like you're there
watching the elaborate dance of 

1895
01:45:55,300 --> 01:45:58,500
influence and favor, you dip 
your quilt carefully. 

1896
01:45:58,500 --> 01:46:02,800
Letting the excess ink drip back
into the well, The first words 

1897
01:46:02,800 --> 01:46:05,500
are always the hardest. 
The formal greeting, that 

1898
01:46:05,500 --> 01:46:08,200
convention requires before you 
can settle into actual 

1899
01:46:08,200 --> 01:46:10,800
communication. 
You write it out, carefully, 

1900
01:46:10,800 --> 01:46:14,600
your script more control than 
the rushed hand, you use, for 

1901
01:46:14,600 --> 01:46:18,900
copying Latin. 
My dearest aren't I hope this 

1902
01:46:18,900 --> 01:46:21,000
letter finds you well, and in 
good health. 

1903
01:46:22,000 --> 01:46:24,900
Formalities completed. 
You relax into the letter. 

1904
01:46:24,900 --> 01:46:29,100
Proper You tell her about the 
garden about the early bulbs 

1905
01:46:29,100 --> 01:46:30,700
pushing through despite the 
cold. 

1906
01:46:31,400 --> 01:46:34,000
She loves Gardens. 
You know though the court rarely

1907
01:46:34,000 --> 01:46:38,100
allows her time to enjoy them. 
you describe brother and selmes 

1908
01:46:38,100 --> 01:46:41,500
music lessons, making a joke 
about your fourth fingers 

1909
01:46:41,500 --> 01:46:46,100
continued refusal to curve like 
an egg holding implement You 

1910
01:46:46,100 --> 01:46:49,200
mention your father's court 
session, the dispute about the 

1911
01:46:49,200 --> 01:46:52,500
pigs and the Carpenters wife's 
eloquent argument. 

1912
01:46:53,700 --> 01:46:57,800
The quill scratches a cross, the
parchment, the sound rhythmic 

1913
01:46:57,800 --> 01:47:01,000
and satisfying, you pause 
occasionally to gather your 

1914
01:47:01,000 --> 01:47:04,100
thoughts or let a particularly 
flowing phrase dry before 

1915
01:47:04,100 --> 01:47:07,600
continuing. 
Letter writing requires a 

1916
01:47:07,600 --> 01:47:09,600
different kind of composition 
and speaking. 

1917
01:47:09,600 --> 01:47:13,900
You have time to choose your 
words to craft sentences that 

1918
01:47:13,900 --> 01:47:17,400
say exactly what you mean. 
It's a luxury really? 

1919
01:47:17,400 --> 01:47:21,000
You ask after your aunt's health
and about the court. 

1920
01:47:21,000 --> 01:47:22,800
Ladies she's mentioned in 
previous letters. 

1921
01:47:23,500 --> 01:47:26,200
Is the young Countess still 
carrying favor with the queen. 

1922
01:47:26,200 --> 01:47:29,500
Did the Dukes marriage, 
negotiation succeed? 

1923
01:47:30,600 --> 01:47:34,400
Has there been news from France?
Where the war continues, its 

1924
01:47:34,400 --> 01:47:36,900
endless grinding forward and 
back. 

1925
01:47:38,000 --> 01:47:41,200
Halfway through you pause to 
sharpen your quill. 

1926
01:47:41,900 --> 01:47:45,000
The knife cutting away the 
Warren tip to expose a fresh 

1927
01:47:45,000 --> 01:47:48,100
point. 
Agnes has taught you the trick 

1928
01:47:48,100 --> 01:47:52,200
of it, the angle of the cut, the
slight curve, that makes the 

1929
01:47:52,200 --> 01:47:55,500
quill flow smoothly. 
It's a small skill but 

1930
01:47:55,500 --> 01:48:00,300
satisfying and its usefulness, 
you can continue writing moving 

1931
01:48:00,300 --> 01:48:03,300
into more personal territory, 
you can confess to feeling 

1932
01:48:03,300 --> 01:48:06,400
restless, lately caught between 
childhood and whatever comes 

1933
01:48:06,400 --> 01:48:08,800
next. 
You don't mention marriage, 

1934
01:48:08,800 --> 01:48:12,400
negotiations directly. 
Your aunt is too clever not to 

1935
01:48:12,400 --> 01:48:14,400
have heard about them through 
her Court connections. 

1936
01:48:14,400 --> 01:48:18,000
But you hint at it. 
The waiting and uncertainty. 

1937
01:48:19,200 --> 01:48:20,900
I sometimes feel like the 
garden. 

1938
01:48:20,900 --> 01:48:24,300
You write waiting for a season 
that may or may not. 

1939
01:48:24,300 --> 01:48:27,900
Come when expected though at 
least the bulbs no spring will 

1940
01:48:27,900 --> 01:48:30,700
eventually arrive even if the 
timing is unclear. 

1941
01:48:31,600 --> 01:48:34,400
You read that back considering 
whether it's too revealing too 

1942
01:48:34,400 --> 01:48:37,500
vulnerable but your aunt has 
always been kind about such 

1943
01:48:37,500 --> 01:48:41,600
admissions never mocking your 
moments of uncertainty you let 

1944
01:48:41,600 --> 01:48:44,700
it stand. 
The letter fills. 

1945
01:48:44,700 --> 01:48:47,000
Two sheets of parchment before 
your satisfied. 

1946
01:48:47,000 --> 01:48:49,700
You've said everything worth 
saying you close with 

1947
01:48:49,700 --> 01:48:51,900
appropriate wishes for her 
health and happiness. 

1948
01:48:51,900 --> 01:48:55,700
Sign your name with a flourish 
that would make brother Clements

1949
01:48:55,700 --> 01:49:00,100
in its lack of careful formation
and set it aside to dry while 

1950
01:49:00,100 --> 01:49:02,500
the ink settles you pull out 
another piece of parchment. 

1951
01:49:02,500 --> 01:49:05,600
You have a half composed letter 
to your cousin in the north 

1952
01:49:05,600 --> 01:49:08,100
started weeks ago and never 
finished. 

1953
01:49:08,900 --> 01:49:11,500
She's recently had a second 
child and you should send 

1954
01:49:11,500 --> 01:49:14,500
congratulations, even though the
news is no longer precisely 

1955
01:49:14,500 --> 01:49:16,900
fresh. 
You read what you wrote before, 

1956
01:49:16,900 --> 01:49:22,000
Winston slightly at the stilted 
phrasing to formal to careful 

1957
01:49:22,000 --> 01:49:24,800
your cousin deserves better than
careful. 

1958
01:49:24,800 --> 01:49:29,000
You cross out most of it and 
start fresh, this time writing 

1959
01:49:29,000 --> 01:49:32,500
the way you'd talk to her. 
If you could warm slightly 

1960
01:49:32,500 --> 01:49:36,300
irreverent and full of the small
jokes and observations that make

1961
01:49:36,300 --> 01:49:38,900
letters from Friends, rather 
than obligations. 

1962
01:49:39,800 --> 01:49:43,600
You asked about the baby about a
health and about whether her 

1963
01:49:43,600 --> 01:49:46,300
husband has stopped his habit of
bringing his hunting dogs into 

1964
01:49:46,300 --> 01:49:50,300
the Great Hall at mealtimes, you
share news from your own life. 

1965
01:49:50,300 --> 01:49:53,600
The embroidery project, the 
music lessons, the gardens 

1966
01:49:53,600 --> 01:49:57,200
patient waiting ordinary things 
but they're what friendship is 

1967
01:49:57,200 --> 01:49:59,000
built from these ordinary 
sharings. 

1968
01:49:59,000 --> 01:50:02,100
The candles have burned down 
noticeably by the time you 

1969
01:50:02,100 --> 01:50:04,700
finish. 
Your hand, a slightly from 

1970
01:50:04,700 --> 01:50:08,000
writing, the familiar cramping 
of fingers held too long in the 

1971
01:50:08,000 --> 01:50:11,500
same position. 
You Flex them watching the ink 

1972
01:50:11,500 --> 01:50:15,900
dry on your final letter. 
Agnes appears quietly, as she 

1973
01:50:15,900 --> 01:50:18,100
always does when she senses your
finishing up. 

1974
01:50:18,900 --> 01:50:20,900
She'll collect the letters 
tomorrow and give them to the 

1975
01:50:20,900 --> 01:50:23,400
steward to include with the next
messenger heading in the 

1976
01:50:23,400 --> 01:50:26,900
appropriate Direction's. 
Your words will travel roads. 

1977
01:50:26,900 --> 01:50:30,200
You've never walked arriving in 
places you've only imagined, 

1978
01:50:30,200 --> 01:50:31,700
through other people's 
descriptions. 

1979
01:50:32,700 --> 01:50:36,200
You see the Letter's with 
waxing, your ring in to each 

1980
01:50:36,200 --> 01:50:39,300
blob of red. 
Your own small mark on the world

1981
01:50:39,300 --> 01:50:41,700
traveling farther than you ever 
will. 

1982
01:50:42,600 --> 01:50:46,700
The wax hardens quickly in the 
cool are preserving your seal 

1983
01:50:46,700 --> 01:50:49,300
like a promise. 
Ready for bed. 

1984
01:50:49,300 --> 01:50:53,600
My lady Agnes asks, and you nod 
suddenly aware of how tired you 

1985
01:50:53,600 --> 01:50:56,100
are. 
The day has been long full of 

1986
01:50:56,108 --> 01:50:59,600
small tasks and Quiet Moments, 
and you're ready for sleep. 

1987
01:50:59,600 --> 01:51:02,600
Your chamber is dim except for 
the candles. 

1988
01:51:03,700 --> 01:51:08,200
Agnes has lit 3, won by the bed,
another on the clothing chest 

1989
01:51:08,200 --> 01:51:11,600
and a third near the Brazier 
where coals glow red and warm, 

1990
01:51:11,600 --> 01:51:15,500
she helps you out of your kernel
and circuit unlaced with 

1991
01:51:15,508 --> 01:51:20,500
practice deficiency. 
The wool slides off heavy and 

1992
01:51:20,500 --> 01:51:23,808
slightly musty from a day's 
wearing, you're down to your 

1993
01:51:23,816 --> 01:51:27,100
chimese now and Agnes brings a 
bowl of warm water for washing. 

1994
01:51:28,200 --> 01:51:31,500
This evening water is a luxury 
heated in the kitchen and 

1995
01:51:31,500 --> 01:51:34,900
carried up specially. 
You wash your face and hands. 

1996
01:51:34,900 --> 01:51:39,200
The warm cloth, soothing against
your skin, the water smells 

1997
01:51:39,200 --> 01:51:43,100
faintly of the herbs. 
Agnes adds lavender again and 

1998
01:51:43,100 --> 01:51:44,900
something else you can't quite 
identify. 

1999
01:51:46,100 --> 01:51:49,300
She takes down your hair next 
undoing, the careful braiding. 

2000
01:51:49,300 --> 01:51:52,800
She did this morning. 
Your hair Falls in waves freed 

2001
01:51:52,800 --> 01:51:55,700
from the constraint. 
She runs her fingers through it.

2002
01:51:55,700 --> 01:51:59,700
Gently working out Tangles and 
you close your eyes at The 

2003
01:51:59,708 --> 01:52:03,300
Familiar comfort of it. 
This is perhaps your favorite 

2004
01:52:03,300 --> 01:52:07,100
part of the day. 
This quiet, ritual of becoming 

2005
01:52:07,100 --> 01:52:10,300
yourself again. 
Shedding the layers of propriety

2006
01:52:10,300 --> 01:52:14,000
and presentation. 
Shall I braid it for sleeping? 

2007
01:52:14,000 --> 01:52:17,600
My lady you nod and she Begins 
the loose Platt that keeps your 

2008
01:52:17,600 --> 01:52:19,000
hair manageable through the 
night. 

2009
01:52:20,100 --> 01:52:23,500
Her fingers, work quickly. 
The Rhythm soothing, You can 

2010
01:52:23,500 --> 01:52:26,600
feel the days tension. 
Releasing your shoulders 

2011
01:52:26,600 --> 01:52:29,000
dropping and you're breathing. 
Slowing. 

2012
01:52:30,600 --> 01:52:34,500
When she's done, you climb into 
bed and Agnes, pulls the heavy 

2013
01:52:34,500 --> 01:52:38,500
curtains, partway closed leaving
them open enough for air to 

2014
01:52:38,500 --> 01:52:41,800
circulate. 
The bed is cold at first the 

2015
01:52:41,800 --> 01:52:44,900
linen sheets like ice but you 
know, it will warm soon. 

2016
01:52:45,700 --> 01:52:48,300
She's placed a warming Stone 
wrapped in cloth, near your feet

2017
01:52:48,300 --> 01:52:50,800
and you curl your toes around 
it, gratefully. 

2018
01:52:51,600 --> 01:52:53,300
Will you need anything else? 
My lady? 

2019
01:52:54,100 --> 01:52:55,500
No, thank you. 
Agnes sleep. 

2020
01:52:55,500 --> 01:52:59,100
Well and you my lady. 
She slips out quietly. 

2021
01:52:59,100 --> 01:53:01,100
Taking one of the candles with 
her. 

2022
01:53:02,300 --> 01:53:04,800
The remaining light flickers 
against the bed, curtains, 

2023
01:53:04,800 --> 01:53:08,800
casting moving Shadows. 
You lie still listening to the 

2024
01:53:08,800 --> 01:53:12,200
castle settling around you. 
Somewhere below. 

2025
01:53:12,200 --> 01:53:16,100
Servants are finishing the day's
tasks in the guard house. 

2026
01:53:16,100 --> 01:53:18,900
Men are changing watch in the 
chapel. 

2027
01:53:18,900 --> 01:53:22,200
The monks are preparing for 
complete, the final office 

2028
01:53:22,200 --> 01:53:25,000
before sleep. 
You think about your day? 

2029
01:53:25,800 --> 01:53:29,600
All the small moments that 
comprised it, the cold Chapel, 

2030
01:53:29,600 --> 01:53:33,800
the stubborn rose petal, and the
Robin in the garden, the pigs, 

2031
01:53:33,800 --> 01:53:37,300
and the boundary stones. 
Your loot fighting against 

2032
01:53:37,300 --> 01:53:39,200
Beauty and occasionally 
surrendering. 

2033
01:53:39,200 --> 01:53:43,400
The letters are now waiting to 
travel carrying your words into 

2034
01:53:43,400 --> 01:53:46,800
the world, nothing 
extraordinary, nothing that 

2035
01:53:46,800 --> 01:53:50,800
would be remembered or remarked 
upon just a day, one of 

2036
01:53:50,800 --> 01:53:54,600
thousands unremarkable and 
precious in its very 

2037
01:53:54,600 --> 01:53:56,600
ordinariness, you're alive in 
it. 

2038
01:53:56,600 --> 01:54:00,300
Present in all the small 
details, the scratch of the 

2039
01:54:00,300 --> 01:54:03,800
quill, the smell of Rosemary, 
the weight of the loot, in your 

2040
01:54:03,808 --> 01:54:06,800
lap. 
Tastes of apples stewed in 

2041
01:54:06,808 --> 01:54:10,200
Honey. 
The feel of silk threads sliding

2042
01:54:10,200 --> 01:54:14,100
through linen and the sound of 
your father's measured judgments

2043
01:54:14,100 --> 01:54:19,000
echoing in the Great Hall. 
This is your life, not waiting 

2044
01:54:19,000 --> 01:54:22,900
for it to begin but actually 
living it here in these moments.

2045
01:54:22,900 --> 01:54:26,100
That feel too small to matter, 
but somehow had up to 

2046
01:54:26,100 --> 01:54:28,600
everything. 
The garden knows this. 

2047
01:54:28,600 --> 01:54:32,500
You think drowsily, the bulbs 
pushing through frozen ground 

2048
01:54:32,500 --> 01:54:35,300
aren't waiting for spring to 
live their living. 

2049
01:54:35,300 --> 01:54:38,600
Now, in the darkness and the 
cold, doing what they need to do

2050
01:54:38,600 --> 01:54:43,000
to survive until warmth arrives.
You shifts slightly pulling The 

2051
01:54:43,000 --> 01:54:46,000
Furs up higher. 
The warming stone is doing its 

2052
01:54:46,000 --> 01:54:48,000
job. 
Heat radiating through the 

2053
01:54:48,000 --> 01:54:52,200
cloth, your feet are finally 
losing their chill outside. 

2054
01:54:52,200 --> 01:54:56,600
The night is full of sound wind 
in the battlements, the distant 

2055
01:54:56,600 --> 01:54:59,700
Cry of an owl and the soft 
footsteps of guards on their 

2056
01:54:59,700 --> 01:55:02,900
rounds. 
Safe sounds familiar. 

2057
01:55:02,900 --> 01:55:05,600
Sounds the castle wrapped around
you. 

2058
01:55:05,600 --> 01:55:09,400
Like another layer of blankets, 
keeping you warm and protected 

2059
01:55:09,400 --> 01:55:11,200
from the darkness beyond the 
walls. 

2060
01:55:11,200 --> 01:55:14,700
Your eyes are heavy. 
Now the days accumulation of 

2061
01:55:14,700 --> 01:55:18,400
small efforts pulling you 
towards sleep, You think about 

2062
01:55:18,400 --> 01:55:22,900
tomorrow more embroidery more 
lessons, more of the gentle 

2063
01:55:22,900 --> 01:55:27,200
Rhythm that marks time in this 
place the same, but not quite 

2064
01:55:27,200 --> 01:55:30,300
because each day brings its 
small variations. 

2065
01:55:30,300 --> 01:55:34,700
A different passage in boethius,
a new section of the older cloth

2066
01:55:34,700 --> 01:55:37,700
or perhaps different, whether 
that will change what you can do

2067
01:55:37,700 --> 01:55:41,600
in the garden, the candle 
flickers, and dims Agnes will 

2068
01:55:41,608 --> 01:55:44,200
come in later to blow it out 
once she certainly asleep. 

2069
01:55:44,200 --> 01:55:48,300
But for now, it burns deadly. 
Small point of light in the 

2070
01:55:48,300 --> 01:55:50,800
darkness. 
You think about your aunt at 

2071
01:55:50,800 --> 01:55:54,800
court probably still awake. 
Probably still navigating the 

2072
01:55:54,800 --> 01:55:58,800
complex social terrain that 
never seems to rest About your 

2073
01:55:58,800 --> 01:56:04,200
cousin in the north feeding, her
new baby tired and content about

2074
01:56:04,200 --> 01:56:07,900
all the people in your father's 
lands settling into sleep, in 

2075
01:56:07,900 --> 01:56:10,800
their own beds. 
Their own lives playing out in 

2076
01:56:10,800 --> 01:56:13,800
patterns, both similar and 
entirely different from yours. 

2077
01:56:15,000 --> 01:56:18,500
The weight of the day presses 
down pleasantly and you 

2078
01:56:18,500 --> 01:56:21,500
surrender to it. 
You're breathing slows and 

2079
01:56:21,500 --> 01:56:24,700
deepens the flickering candle 
light behind your closed 

2080
01:56:24,700 --> 01:56:28,300
eyelids, the warmth of the bed 
seeping into your bones. 

2081
01:56:29,000 --> 01:56:31,000
Soft. 
Darkness gathering around you 

2082
01:56:31,000 --> 01:56:34,900
like a familiar friend? 
Tomorrow will come with its own 

2083
01:56:34,900 --> 01:56:39,700
small moments and quiet demands.
But tonight, there's just this 

2084
01:56:40,800 --> 01:56:44,400
Piece of a day, well enough 
lived the comfort of routine, 

2085
01:56:44,400 --> 01:56:48,000
and ritual and the simple 
satisfaction of being warm and 

2086
01:56:48,000 --> 01:56:51,600
safe and drifting towards sleep.
Your last conscious thought is 

2087
01:56:51,600 --> 01:56:53,100
about the crocuses in the 
garden. 

2088
01:56:53,100 --> 01:56:56,800
Waiting patiently under the 
colder They know something, 

2089
01:56:56,800 --> 01:56:59,600
you're learning that life isn't 
always about the dramatic 

2090
01:56:59,600 --> 01:57:02,700
moments. 
The big changes all the events 

2091
01:57:02,700 --> 01:57:06,300
that shake the world, sometimes 
it's about the quiet Persistence

2092
01:57:06,300 --> 01:57:10,500
of pushing through frozen ground
about growing in darkness and 

2093
01:57:10,500 --> 01:57:13,900
the light finds you. 
About the patient, accumulation 

2094
01:57:13,900 --> 01:57:17,000
of small days that somehow add 
up to a life worth living. 

2095
01:57:18,700 --> 01:57:22,500
Candle gutters in a draft. 
You're already too far gone to 

2096
01:57:22,500 --> 01:57:26,700
notice. 
Sleep takes you gently the way 

2097
01:57:26,700 --> 01:57:29,100
it does when you earned it 
through a day of small efforts 

2098
01:57:29,100 --> 01:57:33,600
and quiet accomplishments. 
Outside the night continues, its

2099
01:57:33,600 --> 01:57:37,600
watch inside the castle breathes
with the rhythm of sleeping 

2100
01:57:37,600 --> 01:57:41,200
Souls tomorrow. 
You'll wake to Bells again to 

2101
01:57:41,200 --> 01:57:45,200
cold water, and morning prayers 
and the endless round of Duties 

2102
01:57:45,200 --> 01:57:47,500
and small Pleasures that make up
your days. 

2103
01:57:48,100 --> 01:57:50,400
But that's tomorrow and tomorrow
can wait. 

2104
01:57:51,300 --> 01:57:53,400
Tonight, you sleep peacefully my
friends. 

2105
01:57:57,100 --> 01:57:59,700
You're along the Arctic 
Coastline where the Rhythm of 

2106
01:57:59,708 --> 01:58:01,800
Life moves with the tides and 
Seasons. 

2107
01:58:01,800 --> 01:58:06,800
Here, fishing is not Adventure, 
but daily work by patients 

2108
01:58:06,800 --> 01:58:09,200
knowledge. 
And the quiet repetition of 

2109
01:58:09,200 --> 01:58:11,600
tasks passed down through 
generations. 

2110
01:58:11,600 --> 01:58:15,600
You wake when your body tells 
you the day is begun, there is 

2111
01:58:15,608 --> 01:58:20,300
no alarm, no sudden jolt into 
Consciousness light filters 

2112
01:58:20,300 --> 01:58:23,600
differently, depending on the 
season sometimes pale and 

2113
01:58:23,600 --> 01:58:27,400
persistent. 
Sometimes absent entirely Your 

2114
01:58:27,400 --> 01:58:31,000
internal clock adjust to these 
rhythms without complaint Guided

2115
01:58:31,000 --> 01:58:33,600
by Years of Living in sink with 
your environment. 

2116
01:58:34,500 --> 01:58:38,100
The air inside your dwelling is 
cool but still you can see your 

2117
01:58:38,100 --> 01:58:39,700
breath though. 
Not dramatically. 

2118
01:58:40,600 --> 01:58:42,200
It simply hangs there for a 
moment. 

2119
01:58:42,200 --> 01:58:45,800
Before dissipating you dress in 
layers, you laid out the night 

2120
01:58:45,800 --> 01:58:50,800
before each piece serving a 
specific purpose The innermost 

2121
01:58:50,800 --> 01:58:54,300
layer sits against your skin 
made from materials that Wick 

2122
01:58:54,300 --> 01:58:58,000
moisture away. 
The middle layers trap warmth. 

2123
01:58:58,600 --> 01:59:03,200
The outer layer blocks. 
Wind this process takes time but

2124
01:59:03,200 --> 01:59:07,000
you do not rush. 
Rushing leads to mistakes and 

2125
01:59:07,000 --> 01:59:10,000
mistakes in dressing can mean 
discomfort throughout the day 

2126
01:59:10,000 --> 01:59:13,800
you pull on your boots checking 
the seams and laces. 

2127
01:59:13,800 --> 01:59:17,400
These Boots Were Made carefully 
and you maintain them just as 

2128
01:59:17,400 --> 01:59:21,300
carefully a small tear appeared 
now prevents a larger problem 

2129
01:59:21,300 --> 01:59:25,000
later outside the landscape 
stretches and familiar 

2130
01:59:25,000 --> 01:59:27,600
directions. 
You know this Coastline the way 

2131
01:59:27,600 --> 01:59:29,200
you know the lines of your own 
hands. 

2132
01:59:30,000 --> 01:59:32,900
That rock formation marks where 
the current run strongest. 

2133
01:59:33,700 --> 01:59:36,500
That stretch of ice typically 
holds firm until late in the 

2134
01:59:36,500 --> 01:59:40,200
season that distant point is 
where you set Nets during 

2135
01:59:40,200 --> 01:59:44,100
certain months the wind touches 
your face with cold fingers. 

2136
01:59:44,100 --> 01:59:49,200
But you expected this, you 
always expect this cold is not 

2137
01:59:49,200 --> 01:59:51,900
an enemy. 
Here, it is simply a constant 

2138
01:59:51,900 --> 01:59:53,800
presence like the sky or the 
water. 

2139
01:59:53,800 --> 01:59:57,000
You have learned to work, 
alongside it rather than against

2140
01:59:57,000 --> 01:59:59,300
it. 
You walked toward the shore with

2141
01:59:59,300 --> 02:00:01,900
steady steps. 
The ground Beneath Your Feet 

2142
02:00:01,900 --> 02:00:05,600
might be frozen Earth, hacked, 
snow or solid. 

2143
02:00:05,600 --> 02:00:09,300
Ice depending on the season and 
location your boot grip. 

2144
02:00:09,300 --> 02:00:13,800
Well, You have walked this path 
hundreds of times and your feet 

2145
02:00:13,800 --> 02:00:15,500
nowhere to step without 
conscious thought. 

2146
02:00:16,400 --> 02:00:19,000
Other people are already moving 
about tending to their own 

2147
02:00:19,000 --> 02:00:22,400
morning tasks. 
Someone checks the dogs, someone

2148
02:00:22,400 --> 02:00:26,000
else, examines yesterday's 
repairs on a kayak frame, a 

2149
02:00:26,000 --> 02:00:29,500
group gathers near the water's 
edge, discussing the days plans 

2150
02:00:29,500 --> 02:00:34,100
in low practical voices. 
These conversations are not 

2151
02:00:34,108 --> 02:00:37,900
dramatic strategy sessions. 
They are simple exchanges of 

2152
02:00:37,900 --> 02:00:41,800
information where the ice looks 
safe, which direction the wind 

2153
02:00:41,800 --> 02:00:44,200
is moving. 
And whether anyone noticed 

2154
02:00:44,200 --> 02:00:48,100
changes in the water yesterday, 
you join them listening more 

2155
02:00:48,100 --> 02:00:50,900
than speaking. 
Much of what needs to be said, 

2156
02:00:50,900 --> 02:00:54,300
has been said before. 
Patterns of fishing life, repeat

2157
02:00:54,300 --> 02:00:56,600
themselves and everyone knows 
their role. 

2158
02:00:57,300 --> 02:00:59,800
You can contribute what you 
observed on your walk down to 

2159
02:00:59,800 --> 02:01:02,600
the shore. 
A detail about ice thickness. 

2160
02:01:02,600 --> 02:01:07,000
A note about where birds were 
gathering The water itself is 

2161
02:01:07,000 --> 02:01:10,600
often still a dark presence 
extending to the horizon. 

2162
02:01:11,600 --> 02:01:15,300
Sometimes it is gray, green, 
sometimes deeper blue and 

2163
02:01:15,300 --> 02:01:19,600
sometimes nearly black small 
waves lap at the Ice Age with a 

2164
02:01:19,600 --> 02:01:24,000
gentle rhythmic sound. 
This sound is one of the 

2165
02:01:24,000 --> 02:01:27,200
constants of your life. 
Even when you are away from the 

2166
02:01:27,200 --> 02:01:29,000
water, you can recall it 
perfectly. 

2167
02:01:29,800 --> 02:01:32,600
You check your gear, 
methodically your fishing line 

2168
02:01:32,600 --> 02:01:36,000
is coiled properly. 
Free of Tangles, Your Hooks are 

2169
02:01:36,000 --> 02:01:39,800
sharp and secure your Harpoon. 
If you're carrying one today is 

2170
02:01:39,800 --> 02:01:44,200
balanced and ready, everything 
has its place and everything is 

2171
02:01:44,200 --> 02:01:47,200
in its place. 
This organization is not 

2172
02:01:47,200 --> 02:01:50,300
obsessive. 
It is simply practical When 

2173
02:01:50,300 --> 02:01:53,300
you're working on the ice or in 
a boat, you cannot afford to 

2174
02:01:53,300 --> 02:01:55,400
search for tools or untangle 
equipment. 

2175
02:01:56,300 --> 02:01:58,500
The ice near shore gets examined
closely. 

2176
02:01:59,300 --> 02:02:02,900
You and others walk its edges 
testing thickness with gentle 

2177
02:02:02,900 --> 02:02:05,700
pressure from boots or the butt 
of a harpoon. 

2178
02:02:06,800 --> 02:02:10,600
Ice that seems solid can have 
weak spots especially where 

2179
02:02:10,600 --> 02:02:13,400
currents run underneath or where
the water has been warmer. 

2180
02:02:14,100 --> 02:02:18,200
You look for color changes, 
listen for sounds and feel for 

2181
02:02:18,200 --> 02:02:21,600
texture differences. 
This knowledge keeps you safe 

2182
02:02:21,600 --> 02:02:24,700
and it comes from years of 
observation and teaching. 

2183
02:02:25,800 --> 02:02:28,700
When the ice is Judge suitable, 
you move out onto it. 

2184
02:02:29,500 --> 02:02:31,500
Your steps remain careful and 
deliberate. 

2185
02:02:32,300 --> 02:02:34,800
There is no bravado in Arctic, 
fishing life. 

2186
02:02:35,600 --> 02:02:37,800
Confidence comes from knowledge 
and preparation. 

2187
02:02:37,800 --> 02:02:40,600
Not from taking unnecessary 
risks. 

2188
02:02:41,400 --> 02:02:43,900
You place your feet where the 
ice shows its strength, clearly.

2189
02:02:44,700 --> 02:02:46,700
You drill a fishing hole using 
tools. 

2190
02:02:46,700 --> 02:02:50,100
Designed for this purpose. 
The ice gives way, gradually 

2191
02:02:50,100 --> 02:02:53,300
chips and fragments coming free 
as you work. 

2192
02:02:54,200 --> 02:02:57,000
The physical effort warms you 
slightly though. 

2193
02:02:57,000 --> 02:03:00,700
You pace yourself? 
Overheating inside your clothing

2194
02:03:00,700 --> 02:03:03,800
creates moisture and moisture 
makes you colder later. 

2195
02:03:03,800 --> 02:03:06,700
You have learned to work at a 
sustainable rhythm. 

2196
02:03:07,600 --> 02:03:10,700
When the whole breaks through to
water below, you clear away the 

2197
02:03:10,700 --> 02:03:13,900
loose ice carefully. 
The water beneath is dark and 

2198
02:03:13,900 --> 02:03:16,400
cold. 
Moving slightly with currants. 

2199
02:03:16,400 --> 02:03:17,900
You cannot see. 
But no. 

2200
02:03:17,900 --> 02:03:21,900
Are there you lower your line 
feeling its weight to send? 

2201
02:03:21,900 --> 02:03:25,200
This is familiar. 
This is what you do. 

2202
02:03:26,200 --> 02:03:28,800
Fishing in the ark, Arctic 
requires patience above all 

2203
02:03:28,808 --> 02:03:31,800
else, you do not expect 
immediate results. 

2204
02:03:31,800 --> 02:03:36,400
Sometimes fish come quickly. 
Some times, they do not come at 

2205
02:03:36,400 --> 02:03:38,400
all. 
You cannot control this. 

2206
02:03:38,400 --> 02:03:43,000
So you do not worry about it, 
you simply wait keeping your 

2207
02:03:43,000 --> 02:03:46,800
hands moving occasionally to 
maintain circulation, shifting 

2208
02:03:46,800 --> 02:03:48,300
your weight to prevent 
stiffness. 

2209
02:03:49,200 --> 02:03:53,200
While you wait, You observe. 
The quality of light tells you 

2210
02:03:53,200 --> 02:03:56,900
roughly, what time it is the 
direction of Shadows when there 

2211
02:03:56,900 --> 02:03:59,000
are shadows provides additional 
information. 

2212
02:04:00,100 --> 02:04:03,500
You notice which other fishes 
are having success watching 

2213
02:04:03,500 --> 02:04:05,100
their techniques without 
staring. 

2214
02:04:05,100 --> 02:04:09,300
If someone pulls up a catch, you
know, what depth they're line 

2215
02:04:09,300 --> 02:04:11,700
was set at and how they work 
their bait or lure. 

2216
02:04:12,600 --> 02:04:15,400
When you feel a pull on your 
line, your response is measured 

2217
02:04:15,400 --> 02:04:19,600
and practiced. 
You do not yank or jerk, you 

2218
02:04:19,600 --> 02:04:23,500
assess the weight and determine 
whether it is true or fish or 

2219
02:04:23,500 --> 02:04:25,500
simply current drag or bottom 
contact. 

2220
02:04:26,500 --> 02:04:29,000
If it is a fish, you begin to 
bring it up with steady. 

2221
02:04:29,000 --> 02:04:33,200
Even pulls the line runs through
your hands and you can feel 

2222
02:04:33,200 --> 02:04:34,700
everything transmitted through 
it. 

2223
02:04:35,700 --> 02:04:39,700
Fishes movement, the waters 
resistance and the Isis friction

2224
02:04:39,700 --> 02:04:43,400
of the holes Edge. 
Fish, that emerges is cold and 

2225
02:04:43,400 --> 02:04:46,800
firm, you handle it, 
efficiently, removeing the hook 

2226
02:04:46,800 --> 02:04:50,300
and dispatching, it quickly. 
If needed, there is no drama in 

2227
02:04:50,300 --> 02:04:52,200
this, it is the purpose of 
fishing. 

2228
02:04:52,200 --> 02:04:56,700
The fish becomes food and food 
is the reason you are here. 

2229
02:04:57,600 --> 02:05:00,200
You place the catch in a 
protected spot where it will not

2230
02:05:00,200 --> 02:05:03,400
slide back into the water. 
On cold days. 

2231
02:05:03,400 --> 02:05:06,000
It begins to freeze almost 
immediately. 

2232
02:05:06,000 --> 02:05:11,400
This is good. 
Frozen fish keeps well The day 

2233
02:05:11,400 --> 02:05:14,700
continues in this pattern, the 
routine consists of fishing 

2234
02:05:14,700 --> 02:05:18,800
waiting, checking other holes 
and occasionally moving to new 

2235
02:05:18,800 --> 02:05:22,000
locations based on success or 
lack thereof. 

2236
02:05:22,600 --> 02:05:26,500
You might fish alone or near 
others conversation happens, 

2237
02:05:26,500 --> 02:05:30,500
sporadically brief exchanges 
about technique or conditions. 

2238
02:05:30,500 --> 02:05:33,200
Long silence is a normal and 
comfortable. 

2239
02:05:33,200 --> 02:05:36,600
Your body tells you when you 
need to move around for warmth. 

2240
02:05:36,600 --> 02:05:39,800
You stand walk, a short 
distance, and flex your fingers 

2241
02:05:39,800 --> 02:05:42,700
and toes. 
The small movements maintain 

2242
02:05:42,700 --> 02:05:44,900
circulation without burning too 
much energy. 

2243
02:05:45,700 --> 02:05:48,200
Energy conservation is built 
into every action. 

2244
02:05:48,200 --> 02:05:51,900
You do not have unlimited 
calories to spend on unnecessary

2245
02:05:51,900 --> 02:05:54,900
movement. 
The light begins to shift as the

2246
02:05:54,900 --> 02:05:58,400
day progresses in some Seasons. 
This means the approach of 

2247
02:05:58,400 --> 02:06:01,900
darkness in others. 
It means only a subtle change in

2248
02:06:01,900 --> 02:06:04,900
angle or intensity. 
You read these shifts, 

2249
02:06:04,900 --> 02:06:08,700
automatically using them to 
gauge time and plan your next 

2250
02:06:08,700 --> 02:06:12,200
actions, when you decide to head
back, you gather your equipment 

2251
02:06:12,200 --> 02:06:15,500
carefully. 
Your catchers are collected and 

2252
02:06:15,500 --> 02:06:19,000
your holes are noted for future 
use or marked so others know 

2253
02:06:19,000 --> 02:06:21,800
they are there. 
You walk back across the ice 

2254
02:06:21,800 --> 02:06:23,700
with the same care. 
You use coming out. 

2255
02:06:24,600 --> 02:06:27,600
Familiarity does not make you 
care less at. 

2256
02:06:27,600 --> 02:06:30,600
Sure, you secure your catch and 
clean your tools. 

2257
02:06:31,600 --> 02:06:35,700
Fish are sorted by size or type 
if needed anything that needs 

2258
02:06:35,700 --> 02:06:39,400
immediate attention gets it. 
Everything else is prepared for 

2259
02:06:39,400 --> 02:06:42,800
storage or further processing. 
The evening tasks are already 

2260
02:06:42,800 --> 02:06:44,800
beginning. 
As you finish, someone is 

2261
02:06:44,800 --> 02:06:47,400
lighting lamps. 
Someone is preparing a communal 

2262
02:06:47,400 --> 02:06:50,600
space for shared work. 
The days fishing transitions 

2263
02:06:50,600 --> 02:06:52,700
into the days. 
Other work without a clear line 

2264
02:06:52,700 --> 02:06:55,400
between them. 
Your tired in the ordinary way 

2265
02:06:55,400 --> 02:06:59,300
that comes from physical work in
cold conditions, this tiredness 

2266
02:06:59,300 --> 02:07:03,300
is expected and not unpleasant. 
It means you have done what 

2267
02:07:03,300 --> 02:07:06,700
needed to do doing tomorrow will
bring similar tasks and you will

2268
02:07:06,700 --> 02:07:08,800
approach them with the same 
steady attention. 

2269
02:07:08,800 --> 02:07:12,900
You brought today The routine of
Coastal Life are not exciting 

2270
02:07:12,900 --> 02:07:16,100
but they are a reliable. 
They provide structure and 

2271
02:07:16,100 --> 02:07:18,900
purpose, they connect you to 
your community. 

2272
02:07:18,900 --> 02:07:22,700
And, to the environment that 
sustains you this is enough. 

2273
02:07:22,700 --> 02:07:26,100
Your fishing gear is not 
purchased from a store or 

2274
02:07:26,100 --> 02:07:30,100
factory most of it exists 
because you may made it or 

2275
02:07:30,100 --> 02:07:32,600
because someone you know, made 
it and taught you how to 

2276
02:07:32,600 --> 02:07:35,400
maintain it. 
This relationship with your 

2277
02:07:35,408 --> 02:07:40,000
tools is intimate and practical,
you know, every piece because 

2278
02:07:40,000 --> 02:07:43,900
you have handled it, repaired it
and sometimes created it from 

2279
02:07:43,900 --> 02:07:47,700
raw materials. 
Process of making fishing line 

2280
02:07:47,700 --> 02:07:51,200
begins with sinew or other 
strong fibers, you prepare these

2281
02:07:51,200 --> 02:07:54,000
materials carefully cleaning and
drying them. 

2282
02:07:54,000 --> 02:07:57,200
Then twisting them together with
practiced hand motions. 

2283
02:07:57,200 --> 02:08:00,300
The twisting must be tight 
enough for strength, but not so 

2284
02:08:00,300 --> 02:08:02,100
tight. 
That the line becomes brittle 

2285
02:08:02,900 --> 02:08:06,200
Your fingers, know the right 
tension, without measuring this 

2286
02:08:06,200 --> 02:08:09,400
work happens in doors. 
Often during darker months. 

2287
02:08:09,400 --> 02:08:13,200
When fishing is less productive 
or impossible, You sit in good 

2288
02:08:13,200 --> 02:08:17,600
light when available working 
steadily for long periods, the 

2289
02:08:17,600 --> 02:08:20,700
repetitive motion is meditative 
rather than boring. 

2290
02:08:21,400 --> 02:08:24,800
Your hands stay busy while your 
mind settles into a calm Focus 

2291
02:08:24,800 --> 02:08:28,800
state. 
Hooks come from bone carved and 

2292
02:08:28,800 --> 02:08:32,500
shaped with patients. 
You select pieces with the right

2293
02:08:32,500 --> 02:08:35,600
density in Grain. 
Then work them slowly into the 

2294
02:08:35,600 --> 02:08:38,700
shape you need. 
The carving tools are 

2295
02:08:38,700 --> 02:08:41,500
themselves. 
Carefully maintained sharp 

2296
02:08:41,500 --> 02:08:44,500
enough to cut cleanly but 
controlled enough not to slip 

2297
02:08:44,500 --> 02:08:48,800
and waste material or injure. 
You each hook takes time you 

2298
02:08:48,800 --> 02:08:51,800
cannot Rush bone. 
If you apply too much pressure, 

2299
02:08:51,800 --> 02:08:55,200
it splits, if you heat it, 
incorrectly it weakens. 

2300
02:08:55,200 --> 02:08:58,400
You have learned these lessons 
gradually through observation 

2301
02:08:58,400 --> 02:09:01,400
and occasional failures. 
The hooks you make now are 

2302
02:09:01,400 --> 02:09:03,900
better than the ones you made 
years ago and you expect the 

2303
02:09:03,900 --> 02:09:06,200
hooks you make in future years 
will be better still. 

2304
02:09:07,200 --> 02:09:09,600
Harpoon points require even more
attention. 

2305
02:09:09,600 --> 02:09:13,000
The balance must be perfect. 
The attachment point must be 

2306
02:09:13,000 --> 02:09:16,100
strong, the tip must penetrate 
but not break. 

2307
02:09:17,000 --> 02:09:20,400
You test each point carefully, 
before trusting it in actual use

2308
02:09:20,400 --> 02:09:24,500
a failing Point, might mean, 
lost food or damaged equipment. 

2309
02:09:24,500 --> 02:09:29,200
So the testing is thorough. the 
shafts for harpoons and fishing 

2310
02:09:29,200 --> 02:09:31,800
Spears are selected from 
available wood, which is 

2311
02:09:31,800 --> 02:09:34,900
sometimes scarce, you know, 
which Driftwood pieces will 

2312
02:09:34,900 --> 02:09:38,800
serve and which will not dense 
City straightness and absence of

2313
02:09:38,800 --> 02:09:43,200
rot All these factors matter. 
You might spend considerable 

2314
02:09:43,200 --> 02:09:46,600
time searching for the right 
piece knowing that a good shaft 

2315
02:09:46,600 --> 02:09:50,700
will last for years, if properly
cared for Lashing materials, 

2316
02:09:50,700 --> 02:09:53,800
hold your tools together. 
These might be more sinewy 

2317
02:09:53,800 --> 02:09:57,800
carefully prepared strips of 
hide or other binding materials 

2318
02:09:57,800 --> 02:10:01,500
you learn to tie secure knots 
that will not slip when wet or 

2319
02:10:01,500 --> 02:10:04,800
frozen each type of knot has its
purpose. 

2320
02:10:05,500 --> 02:10:08,100
You use the right knot for each 
application without thinking 

2321
02:10:08,100 --> 02:10:10,700
about it. 
Consciously kayak and boat 

2322
02:10:10,708 --> 02:10:14,600
maintenance is ongoing work. 
The frames are made from bone or

2323
02:10:14,600 --> 02:10:17,500
wood covered with prepared. 
Skins sewn together with 

2324
02:10:17,500 --> 02:10:21,000
waterproof seams. 
These seams require constant 

2325
02:10:21,000 --> 02:10:24,200
attention, salt water and cold 
work against them. 

2326
02:10:25,000 --> 02:10:27,900
You check them regularly 
reselling, any areas, where 

2327
02:10:27,900 --> 02:10:31,200
water might penetrate. 
The process of waterproofing 

2328
02:10:31,200 --> 02:10:34,400
uses materials you have prepared
specifically for this purpose. 

2329
02:10:35,300 --> 02:10:37,500
You apply them. 
Carefully working the 

2330
02:10:37,500 --> 02:10:40,500
waterproofing, compound into 
seams and over the skin 

2331
02:10:40,500 --> 02:10:43,200
covering. 
Your hands get thoroughly coated

2332
02:10:43,200 --> 02:10:45,100
in the process but this is 
normal. 

2333
02:10:45,100 --> 02:10:47,800
You clean them off. 
Afterwards using methods, that 

2334
02:10:47,800 --> 02:10:49,600
do not waste the waterproofing 
material. 

2335
02:10:50,900 --> 02:10:54,500
When a skin covering develops a 
tear or weak spot you patch it 

2336
02:10:54,500 --> 02:10:57,000
properly rather than making 
temporary fixes. 

2337
02:10:57,900 --> 02:11:01,000
A proper patch done. 
Well can last as long as the 

2338
02:11:01,000 --> 02:11:05,400
original material, a rushed 
repair will fail possibly at An 

2339
02:11:05,400 --> 02:11:07,400
Inconvenient moment when you're 
away from Shore. 

2340
02:11:08,200 --> 02:11:11,900
Puddles of personal tools often 
made to fit the height and 

2341
02:11:11,900 --> 02:11:14,900
strength of the person using 
them, you know your paddles 

2342
02:11:14,900 --> 02:11:19,500
balance point its weight and how
it feels in your hands if you 

2343
02:11:19,500 --> 02:11:22,000
must use someone else's paddle 
it feels slightly wrong. 

2344
02:11:22,000 --> 02:11:25,200
Even if it is well made the 
difference is subtle but 

2345
02:11:25,200 --> 02:11:28,500
noticeable, you maintain your 
paddle by, keeping it clean and 

2346
02:11:28,500 --> 02:11:30,300
checking for cracks or weak 
points. 

2347
02:11:31,000 --> 02:11:34,000
Would can develop hairline 
fractures that worsen over time?

2348
02:11:34,000 --> 02:11:37,700
If not addressed you can 
sometimes see these cracks but 

2349
02:11:37,700 --> 02:11:41,500
you also run your hands over the
paddle surface regularly feeling

2350
02:11:41,500 --> 02:11:43,900
for any changes in texture or 
soundness. 

2351
02:11:45,500 --> 02:11:49,400
Nets, when you use them require 
patient work, you weave them 

2352
02:11:49,400 --> 02:11:53,300
from prepared, cordage creating 
consistent, mesh sizes, 

2353
02:11:53,300 --> 02:11:55,100
appropriate for the fish, your 
targeting. 

2354
02:11:56,000 --> 02:11:59,700
The weaving is rhythmic work 
easily done while sitting and 

2355
02:11:59,700 --> 02:12:04,300
talking with others while simply
letting your mind, rest, Damage 

2356
02:12:04,300 --> 02:12:06,100
Nets get repaired as soon as 
possible. 

2357
02:12:06,100 --> 02:12:08,800
A small hole become a large hole
quickly. 

2358
02:12:08,800 --> 02:12:12,700
Once fish begin testing it You 
carry repair materials with you 

2359
02:12:12,700 --> 02:12:15,200
and fix problems in the field 
when you can. 

2360
02:12:16,400 --> 02:12:19,100
Larger, repairs, wait until you 
are back in better working 

2361
02:12:19,100 --> 02:12:21,300
conditions, but they do not wait
long. 

2362
02:12:22,100 --> 02:12:25,100
Your clothing is as much a tool 
as your harpoon. 

2363
02:12:26,100 --> 02:12:27,700
Keeps you functional and 
conditions? 

2364
02:12:27,700 --> 02:12:29,500
That would otherwise make work 
impossible. 

2365
02:12:30,400 --> 02:12:32,800
The layers. 
You wear are each made with a 

2366
02:12:32,800 --> 02:12:34,900
specific purpose and careful 
Construction. 

2367
02:12:36,100 --> 02:12:39,700
The innermost layer against your
skin is often made from bird 

2368
02:12:39,700 --> 02:12:41,600
skin with feathers facing 
inward. 

2369
02:12:41,600 --> 02:12:44,900
This creates air pockets that 
trap warmth. 

2370
02:12:45,900 --> 02:12:48,600
The preparation of these birds 
skins is delicate work. 

2371
02:12:49,300 --> 02:12:52,200
Scraping them clean without 
creating holes and drying them 

2372
02:12:52,200 --> 02:12:53,600
properly. 
So they remain supple. 

2373
02:12:54,500 --> 02:12:57,800
Middle layers, might be fur with
the hair facing outward. 

2374
02:12:58,600 --> 02:13:00,500
Different Furs have different 
properties. 

2375
02:13:00,500 --> 02:13:05,000
You learn which animals provide 
the warmest fur, which provides 

2376
02:13:05,000 --> 02:13:08,200
the best wind resistant and 
which is most durable for 

2377
02:13:08,200 --> 02:13:12,200
specific uses this knowledge 
guide your choices when making 

2378
02:13:12,200 --> 02:13:15,800
or maintaining clothing. 
Outer layers must block, wind 

2379
02:13:15,800 --> 02:13:18,800
and shed moisture. 
The preparation of these 

2380
02:13:18,800 --> 02:13:21,900
materials, involves processes 
that make them as waterproof as 

2381
02:13:21,900 --> 02:13:24,400
possible. 
You might use Marine Mammal in 

2382
02:13:24,400 --> 02:13:28,100
testing's carefully cleaned. 
And so together or specially 

2383
02:13:28,100 --> 02:13:32,000
treated highs, These outer 
garments, get the most wear and 

2384
02:13:32,000 --> 02:13:35,800
require frequent maintenance. 
Seems in clothing up potential, 

2385
02:13:35,800 --> 02:13:38,300
weak points, you sew them 
carefully. 

2386
02:13:38,300 --> 02:13:42,200
Using techniques that create 
weather-resistant joins, the 

2387
02:13:42,200 --> 02:13:46,000
stitching is tight and even and 
you sometimes run waterproofing 

2388
02:13:46,000 --> 02:13:48,400
compound along seams as 
additional protection. 

2389
02:13:49,200 --> 02:13:51,700
Your hands, know the motion of 
the needle without watching. 

2390
02:13:52,600 --> 02:13:55,800
Boots deserves special attention
because your feet are crucial to

2391
02:13:55,800 --> 02:13:59,600
your mobility and safety. 
Wet feet in Arctic conditions 

2392
02:13:59,600 --> 02:14:02,200
are not merely uncomfortable. 
They are dangerous. 

2393
02:14:03,100 --> 02:14:05,700
Your boots are constructed with 
multiple layers. 

2394
02:14:05,700 --> 02:14:09,200
Each serving a purpose. 
The souls are sturdy. 

2395
02:14:09,200 --> 02:14:12,800
The upper is a warm, the 
closures keeps snow and water 

2396
02:14:12,800 --> 02:14:15,200
out. 
You stuff your boots with dry 

2397
02:14:15,200 --> 02:14:17,800
grass or other insulating 
material that you replace 

2398
02:14:17,800 --> 02:14:20,900
regularly. 
This material absorbs any 

2399
02:14:20,900 --> 02:14:24,100
moisture from your feet and 
provides an additional layer of 

2400
02:14:24,100 --> 02:14:26,600
warmth. 
When you remove your boots in 

2401
02:14:26,600 --> 02:14:29,800
the evening, you remove this 
stuffing and set it aside to dry

2402
02:14:29,800 --> 02:14:34,100
completely before reusing it. 
Boot maintenance happens nearly 

2403
02:14:34,100 --> 02:14:37,300
every day. 
You check, seams replace worn 

2404
02:14:37,300 --> 02:14:41,500
laces, apply waterproofing, 
materials and inspects, souls 

2405
02:14:41,500 --> 02:14:44,400
for damage. 
Small problems, get addressed 

2406
02:14:44,400 --> 02:14:47,200
immediately. 
A loose seems spotted in the 

2407
02:14:47,200 --> 02:14:49,300
evening gets sown before you 
sleep. 

2408
02:14:49,300 --> 02:14:53,100
This prevents it from becoming a
crisis during the next day's 

2409
02:14:53,100 --> 02:14:55,300
work. 
Your gloves or mittens are 

2410
02:14:55,300 --> 02:14:58,500
another critical piece of 
equipment, you need your hands 

2411
02:14:58,500 --> 02:15:03,200
to work, but exposed hands lose 
heat rapidly, the balance 

2412
02:15:03,200 --> 02:15:05,900
between warmth and dexterity is 
always a consideration. 

2413
02:15:07,000 --> 02:15:09,800
Sometimes you need thin gloves 
for precise work. 

2414
02:15:10,500 --> 02:15:12,900
Sometimes you need thick mittens
for warmth. 

2415
02:15:13,700 --> 02:15:16,300
You carry both and switch 
between them as needed? 

2416
02:15:17,200 --> 02:15:20,100
Storage of your gear matters as 
much as its construction. 

2417
02:15:21,000 --> 02:15:24,400
Tools left lying about can be 
damaged lost or degraded by 

2418
02:15:24,400 --> 02:15:27,200
weather. 
You keep everything organized in

2419
02:15:27,200 --> 02:15:31,400
its designated spot. 
This organization saves time and

2420
02:15:31,400 --> 02:15:35,000
frustration when you need 
something, you know exactly 

2421
02:15:35,000 --> 02:15:37,600
where it is. 
You treat your tools with 

2422
02:15:37,600 --> 02:15:41,700
respect but not sentimentality, 
they are functional objects that

2423
02:15:41,700 --> 02:15:43,900
enable your survival and 
livelihood. 

2424
02:15:45,000 --> 02:15:48,100
When something wears out Beyond 
repair, you use what materials 

2425
02:15:48,100 --> 02:15:50,100
you can sell it and create a 
replacement. 

2426
02:15:51,300 --> 02:15:55,600
This cycle of use maintenance 
repair and eventual. 

2427
02:15:55,600 --> 02:15:59,700
Replacement is continuous. 
Learning to make and maintain 

2428
02:15:59,700 --> 02:16:03,100
equipment happens. 
Gradually You began learning as 

2429
02:16:03,100 --> 02:16:07,000
a child watching adults work and
helping with simple tasks. 

2430
02:16:07,900 --> 02:16:10,700
As you gain skill, you took on 
more complex work. 

2431
02:16:11,500 --> 02:16:14,500
Now, you might be teaching 
others passing along the same 

2432
02:16:14,500 --> 02:16:15,700
knowledge that was shared with 
you. 

2433
02:16:15,700 --> 02:16:19,100
The pride you feel in well-made 
gear is quiet. 

2434
02:16:19,100 --> 02:16:23,500
But real the Harpoon that flies 
through a boat that handles 

2435
02:16:23,500 --> 02:16:26,500
smoothly clothing. 
That keeps you warm and dry. 

2436
02:16:27,200 --> 02:16:30,400
These things matter. 
They make difficult work more 

2437
02:16:30,400 --> 02:16:33,000
manageable. 
They represent accumulated 

2438
02:16:33,000 --> 02:16:35,100
knowledge and careful attention 
to detail. 

2439
02:16:35,900 --> 02:16:39,000
When you work on your equipment,
you're not merely preparing for 

2440
02:16:39,000 --> 02:16:41,500
fishing. 
You're engaging in a form of 

2441
02:16:41,500 --> 02:16:44,799
problem, solving that connects 
you to generations of knowledge.

2442
02:16:44,799 --> 02:16:48,900
Each technique you use was 
developed and refined over time.

2443
02:16:48,900 --> 02:16:52,000
Each material was chosen because
it works. 

2444
02:16:52,900 --> 02:16:55,500
You are part of this ongoing 
tradition of practical 

2445
02:16:55,500 --> 02:16:57,900
innovation. 
The time you spend maintaining 

2446
02:16:57,900 --> 02:16:59,900
equipment is not separate from 
fishing. 

2447
02:16:59,900 --> 02:17:03,000
It is fishing. 
Without proper gear. 

2448
02:17:03,000 --> 02:17:04,900
You cannot fish effectively or 
safely. 

2449
02:17:05,700 --> 02:17:09,500
The hours spent sewing seams, 
carving hooks, waterproofing 

2450
02:17:09,500 --> 02:17:13,500
boots, and checking lines are as
essential as the hours spent on 

2451
02:17:13,500 --> 02:17:17,000
the ice or in a boat. 
This understanding makes the 

2452
02:17:17,000 --> 02:17:18,900
work meaningful rather than 
tedious. 

2453
02:17:18,900 --> 02:17:23,100
You're not just fixing things. 
Your ensuring your ability to 

2454
02:17:23,100 --> 02:17:26,500
continue doing what you do. 
You're maintaining the tools 

2455
02:17:26,500 --> 02:17:30,700
that maintain you Fishing in the
Arctic is never truly solitary 

2456
02:17:30,700 --> 02:17:32,799
work. 
Even when you are alone on the 

2457
02:17:32,808 --> 02:17:35,200
ice, your success depends on 
knowledge. 

2458
02:17:35,200 --> 02:17:39,400
Shared freely equipment borrowed
when needed and help offered 

2459
02:17:39,400 --> 02:17:42,100
without being asked. 
The community around you 

2460
02:17:42,100 --> 02:17:45,600
functions as an interconnected 
system, where individual effort 

2461
02:17:45,600 --> 02:17:49,799
and Collective support are 
inseparable. information moves 

2462
02:17:49,799 --> 02:17:53,400
through your community like 
water finding its level When 

2463
02:17:53,400 --> 02:17:56,200
someone discovers that fish are 
running well in a particular 

2464
02:17:56,200 --> 02:17:58,700
location, this knowledge spreads
quickly. 

2465
02:17:58,700 --> 02:18:02,400
There is no hoarding of 
successful spots or techniques 

2466
02:18:02,400 --> 02:18:05,700
if something works, others 
should know about it. 

2467
02:18:05,700 --> 02:18:10,299
Their success contributes to 
everyone's security You might 

2468
02:18:10,299 --> 02:18:12,900
share the news yourself 
mentioning casually where you 

2469
02:18:12,900 --> 02:18:16,400
had good results today. 
Someone else might ask directly 

2470
02:18:16,400 --> 02:18:20,700
and you answer honestly. 
This exchange is not considered 

2471
02:18:20,700 --> 02:18:24,100
giving away Secrets. 
It is simply how things are done

2472
02:18:24,100 --> 02:18:26,799
next week. 
Someone else might share similar

2473
02:18:26,799 --> 02:18:30,100
information with you. 
Teaching happens constantly but 

2474
02:18:30,100 --> 02:18:33,299
rarely informal lessons, a young
person watches. 

2475
02:18:33,299 --> 02:18:36,900
You prepare fishing line and 
asks question you show them the 

2476
02:18:36,900 --> 02:18:38,799
hand position that creates the 
right tension. 

2477
02:18:38,799 --> 02:18:41,900
Let them try it and correct 
their grip gently. 

2478
02:18:42,900 --> 02:18:46,400
This interaction might last only
a few minutes, but it transmits 

2479
02:18:46,400 --> 02:18:48,200
knowledge, that will serve them 
for decades. 

2480
02:18:48,200 --> 02:18:52,299
You learned this way yourself. 
Someone showed you how to read 

2481
02:18:52,299 --> 02:18:54,200
ice conditions by looking and 
listening. 

2482
02:18:55,000 --> 02:18:57,900
Someone else demonstrated the 
wrist motion that sets a hook 

2483
02:18:57,900 --> 02:19:02,000
properly, another person taught 
you how to judge when a skin 

2484
02:19:02,008 --> 02:19:04,500
covering needs replacing rather 
than just patching. 

2485
02:19:05,299 --> 02:19:08,100
Each small lesson built on 
previous ones until you 

2486
02:19:08,100 --> 02:19:10,100
accumulated a comprehensive 
understanding. 

2487
02:19:11,400 --> 02:19:14,500
When large tasks arise, people 
gather without needing to be 

2488
02:19:14,500 --> 02:19:18,900
organized, a boat needs new skin
covering and suddenly several 

2489
02:19:18,900 --> 02:19:23,299
people are there helping stretch
and sew and waterproof. hands 

2490
02:19:23,299 --> 02:19:26,100
that have done this before work 
alongside hands, that are 

2491
02:19:26,100 --> 02:19:30,600
learning The work proceeds with 
quiet efficiency, these group 

2492
02:19:30,600 --> 02:19:33,200
efforts are so social occasions,
but not parties. 

2493
02:19:33,200 --> 02:19:37,500
People talk while working, but 
the conversation is relaxed and 

2494
02:19:37,500 --> 02:19:41,600
practical, Someone might tell a 
story someone else might point 

2495
02:19:41,600 --> 02:19:44,900
out a better technique for a 
particular step. children play 

2496
02:19:44,900 --> 02:19:48,299
nearby absorbing the atmosphere 
of Cooperative work, even if 

2497
02:19:48,308 --> 02:19:51,500
they are not directly 
participating, Food from 

2498
02:19:51,500 --> 02:19:53,600
successful. 
Phishing is distributed 

2499
02:19:53,600 --> 02:19:57,000
according to need and custom, if
you have caught more than your 

2500
02:19:57,000 --> 02:19:59,500
household can use immediately, 
you share it. 

2501
02:19:59,500 --> 02:20:03,000
The distribution is not dramatic
or ceremonial. 

2502
02:20:03,000 --> 02:20:06,700
You simply give fish to others 
and they accept with, thanks. 

2503
02:20:08,100 --> 02:20:11,200
When your own fishing is less 
successful, you receive fish 

2504
02:20:11,200 --> 02:20:13,100
from others in the same casual 
way. 

2505
02:20:14,000 --> 02:20:16,500
This system creates security, 
that would be impossible 

2506
02:20:16,500 --> 02:20:18,600
individually. 
Some days. 

2507
02:20:18,608 --> 02:20:23,600
Everyone catches fish some days.
Only a few people, do some days.

2508
02:20:23,608 --> 02:20:28,200
No one catches much. 
Over time, the sharing evens 

2509
02:20:28,200 --> 02:20:31,500
out, these variations ensuring 
that everyone eats regularly, 

2510
02:20:31,500 --> 02:20:33,600
even though daily catches 
fluctuate. 

2511
02:20:34,300 --> 02:20:37,200
The elderly and those unable to 
fish for health, reasons are 

2512
02:20:37,200 --> 02:20:39,200
provided for without question or
fuss. 

2513
02:20:40,300 --> 02:20:43,300
They contributed in their time 
and they still contribute 

2514
02:20:43,300 --> 02:20:45,800
knowledge. 
And other forms of work, they 

2515
02:20:45,800 --> 02:20:47,900
are fed because they are part of
the community. 

2516
02:20:48,800 --> 02:20:51,800
The calculation is not 
transactional equipment. 

2517
02:20:51,800 --> 02:20:55,900
Borrowing happens regularly, 
your Harpoon point breaks and 

2518
02:20:55,900 --> 02:20:58,100
you need to borrow one and you 
can make a replacement. 

2519
02:20:58,100 --> 02:21:01,900
Someone's fishing line is lost 
and they use yours for a few 

2520
02:21:01,908 --> 02:21:04,400
days. 
These exchanges attract 

2521
02:21:04,400 --> 02:21:07,900
informally through memory and 
reciprocity rather than formal 

2522
02:21:07,900 --> 02:21:10,600
accounting. 
When you borrow something, you 

2523
02:21:10,600 --> 02:21:13,000
return it promptly in the same 
or better condition. 

2524
02:21:13,000 --> 02:21:17,200
If you damage borrowed Quitman, 
you repair it or replace it. 

2525
02:21:17,200 --> 02:21:20,400
This is understood without 
needing to be stated. 

2526
02:21:21,300 --> 02:21:24,600
Your reputation within the 
community depends partly on how 

2527
02:21:24,600 --> 02:21:26,500
you handle such 
responsibilities. 

2528
02:21:27,300 --> 02:21:30,500
Boat Crews work with established
rhythms and unspoken 

2529
02:21:30,500 --> 02:21:33,300
communication. 
When you paddle with others, 

2530
02:21:33,300 --> 02:21:35,800
everyone knows their position 
and timing. 

2531
02:21:36,600 --> 02:21:39,700
Paddles, enter and exit the 
water in coordination. 

2532
02:21:40,600 --> 02:21:43,400
Course, Corrections happen 
through subtle shifts that the 

2533
02:21:43,400 --> 02:21:46,300
person in the lead position 
initiates and others follow. 

2534
02:21:47,400 --> 02:21:50,700
This coordination comes from 
practice and familiarity. 

2535
02:21:51,500 --> 02:21:55,500
You have paddled with the same 
people, many times, you know, 

2536
02:21:55,500 --> 02:21:59,800
that pace their strength, and 
their habits, they know yours, 

2537
02:21:59,800 --> 02:22:03,100
the boat moves efficiently 
because everyone works together 

2538
02:22:03,100 --> 02:22:05,200
without needing constant verbal 
instruction. 

2539
02:22:06,200 --> 02:22:09,500
Safety depends on this 
Collective attention when one 

2540
02:22:09,500 --> 02:22:12,700
person goes out onto 
questionable, ice others watch. 

2541
02:22:13,600 --> 02:22:17,200
If someone does not return When 
expected a search begins without

2542
02:22:17,200 --> 02:22:19,000
anyone needing to raise an 
alarm. 

2543
02:22:20,500 --> 02:22:22,800
People simply notice the absence
and respond. 

2544
02:22:23,700 --> 02:22:25,800
The watching is not intrusive or
anxious. 

2545
02:22:25,800 --> 02:22:29,500
It is simply background 
awareness the same way you are 

2546
02:22:29,500 --> 02:22:33,100
aware of whether changes or Tide
movements, you keep track of who

2547
02:22:33,100 --> 02:22:36,500
is where roughly as part of 
normal observation. 

2548
02:22:37,400 --> 02:22:40,000
Children, learn by being 
included, inappropriate ways. 

2549
02:22:40,000 --> 02:22:43,700
A young child might help carry 
Light Equipment or watch from a 

2550
02:22:43,700 --> 02:22:47,200
safe position while adults work.
Older children take on more 

2551
02:22:47,200 --> 02:22:50,600
active roles first helping with 
preparation and maintenance, 

2552
02:22:50,600 --> 02:22:54,300
then gradually participating in 
actual fishing under 

2553
02:22:54,300 --> 02:22:58,200
supervision. this inclusion 
teaches not just techniques but 

2554
02:22:58,200 --> 02:23:02,000
also attitudes Children. 
Absorb the patient approach to 

2555
02:23:02,000 --> 02:23:05,100
work, the matter of fact 
acceptance of cold and 

2556
02:23:05,100 --> 02:23:09,300
difficulty and the automatic 
sharing and cooperation, these 

2557
02:23:09,300 --> 02:23:11,800
lessons are more powerful than 
any verbal instruction. 

2558
02:23:11,800 --> 02:23:15,200
Could be women's work. 
And Men's Work have traditional 

2559
02:23:15,200 --> 02:23:18,200
divisions that these are 
practical rather than rigid. 

2560
02:23:19,100 --> 02:23:22,000
Certain tasks require physical 
strength that makes the more 

2561
02:23:22,000 --> 02:23:25,800
efficient for some people. 
Other tasks require fine motor 

2562
02:23:25,800 --> 02:23:27,800
skills or patients that anyone 
can develop. 

2563
02:23:28,600 --> 02:23:31,200
The divisions, reflect 
practical, efficiency more than 

2564
02:23:31,200 --> 02:23:34,100
ideology. 
You might primarily do certain 

2565
02:23:34,100 --> 02:23:37,400
types of work, but you 
understand and perform other 

2566
02:23:37,400 --> 02:23:41,300
tasks if needed. 
This flexibility is useful when 

2567
02:23:41,300 --> 02:23:44,300
situations change or when 
someone is unable to do their 

2568
02:23:44,300 --> 02:23:47,100
usual work. 
The respect for expertise 

2569
02:23:47,100 --> 02:23:50,400
crosses these divisions. 
If someone is particularly 

2570
02:23:50,400 --> 02:23:54,800
skilled a task others defer to 
their judgment regardless of who

2571
02:23:54,800 --> 02:23:58,900
typically does that work. 
Knowledge and skill earn respect

2572
02:23:58,900 --> 02:24:00,400
that outweighs other 
considerations. 

2573
02:24:02,100 --> 02:24:04,100
Decision making about fishing 
activities. 

2574
02:24:04,100 --> 02:24:06,000
Happens through discussion and 
consensus. 

2575
02:24:06,900 --> 02:24:09,600
If the weather is questionable, 
people talk about whether to go 

2576
02:24:09,608 --> 02:24:12,200
out. 
Experienced voices, carry 

2577
02:24:12,200 --> 02:24:15,200
weight, but anyone can 
contribute observations. 

2578
02:24:15,200 --> 02:24:19,400
The decision that emerges feels 
Collective rather than imposed 

2579
02:24:20,100 --> 02:24:23,300
Sometimes disagreement exists 
and people make different 

2580
02:24:23,300 --> 02:24:26,200
choices. 
Some might decide the weather is

2581
02:24:26,200 --> 02:24:27,500
acceptable. 
While others stay in. 

2582
02:24:27,500 --> 02:24:31,500
This is normal. 
The next day, everyone, 

2583
02:24:31,500 --> 02:24:34,700
discusses how the decision 
turned out, and this information

2584
02:24:34,700 --> 02:24:38,700
feeds into future decisions, 
conflict within the community is

2585
02:24:38,700 --> 02:24:41,600
handled through subtle social 
pressure rather than 

2586
02:24:41,600 --> 02:24:45,200
confrontation when possible. 
If someone is not pulling their 

2587
02:24:45,200 --> 02:24:48,700
weight or not reciprocating 
properly, this becomes known 

2588
02:24:48,700 --> 02:24:51,900
through quiet observation. 
Others might reduce their 

2589
02:24:51,900 --> 02:24:55,400
cooperation gradually creating 
natural consequences. 

2590
02:24:56,300 --> 02:24:58,500
Serious conflicts are addressed 
more directly. 

2591
02:24:58,500 --> 02:25:02,100
But still, with an emphasis on 
resolution and continued 

2592
02:25:02,100 --> 02:25:05,800
coexistence, you will be living 
and working alongside the same 

2593
02:25:05,800 --> 02:25:08,400
people for years, possibly for 
life. 

2594
02:25:09,800 --> 02:25:13,400
Maintaining workable 
relationships is essential the 

2595
02:25:13,400 --> 02:25:16,600
community's collective memory 
preserves knowledge that no 

2596
02:25:16,600 --> 02:25:20,200
individual could hold loan. 
Different people remember 

2597
02:25:20,200 --> 02:25:23,600
different techniques, different 
locations and different 

2598
02:25:23,600 --> 02:25:27,100
solutions to problems. 
When You Face an unfamiliar 

2599
02:25:27,100 --> 02:25:30,400
situation, someone else is 
usually encountered it before 

2600
02:25:30,400 --> 02:25:32,400
and can share relevant 
experience. 

2601
02:25:33,100 --> 02:25:36,300
This distributed knowledge means
that the loss of any individual 

2602
02:25:36,300 --> 02:25:40,600
is felt not just personally but 
practically each person carries 

2603
02:25:40,600 --> 02:25:43,100
unique pieces of the collective 
understanding. 

2604
02:25:44,000 --> 02:25:47,000
When they die some knowledge 
dies with them unless they have 

2605
02:25:47,008 --> 02:25:48,500
shared it successfully with 
others. 

2606
02:25:48,500 --> 02:25:51,300
You may make efforts to share 
your own knowledge for this 

2607
02:25:51,300 --> 02:25:53,300
reason. 
When you discover something 

2608
02:25:53,300 --> 02:25:56,500
useful or develop a better 
technique, you mention it to 

2609
02:25:56,500 --> 02:26:00,100
others, you demonstrate. 
When asked you answer questions 

2610
02:26:00,100 --> 02:26:05,000
patiently, even if they seem 
basic The community's continuity

2611
02:26:05,000 --> 02:26:07,700
depends on these transfers of 
information and skill. 

2612
02:26:07,700 --> 02:26:11,600
Each generation must learn from 
the previous one while also 

2613
02:26:11,600 --> 02:26:14,100
developing their own adaptations
and Innovations. 

2614
02:26:15,100 --> 02:26:18,200
A balance between tradition and 
adaptation is maintained through

2615
02:26:18,200 --> 02:26:21,600
Collective practice. 
Celebrations and Gatherings when

2616
02:26:21,600 --> 02:26:25,200
they occur often revolve around 
shared meals featuring fish and 

2617
02:26:25,200 --> 02:26:26,500
other foods from the 
environment. 

2618
02:26:27,400 --> 02:26:30,800
These occasions are not frequent
but they serve to reinforce 

2619
02:26:30,800 --> 02:26:33,500
Community bonds and provide 
breaks from routine. 

2620
02:26:33,500 --> 02:26:36,700
Even during celebrations, the 
work continues in the 

2621
02:26:36,708 --> 02:26:39,400
background. 
Someone is always keeping an eye

2622
02:26:39,408 --> 02:26:42,700
on weather conditions tending to
equipment that needs attention, 

2623
02:26:42,700 --> 02:26:45,300
or preparing for the next day's 
activities. 

2624
02:26:46,500 --> 02:26:49,800
The line between work and rest 
is not sharply drawn. 

2625
02:26:49,800 --> 02:26:53,000
Your identity is partly 
individual and partly 

2626
02:26:53,000 --> 02:26:55,700
Collective. 
You are your self with your own 

2627
02:26:55,700 --> 02:26:57,900
skills and preferences and 
personality. 

2628
02:26:59,000 --> 02:27:02,100
But you're also part of this 
community shape, by its 

2629
02:27:02,100 --> 02:27:06,200
practices and expectations 
contributing to its function and

2630
02:27:06,200 --> 02:27:10,100
receiving its support. 
These aspects of identity are 

2631
02:27:10,100 --> 02:27:12,200
not in Conflict. 
They are complementary. 

2632
02:27:13,700 --> 02:27:17,700
Community will continue after 
you are gone, just as it existed

2633
02:27:17,700 --> 02:27:21,200
before you were born. 
This continuity provides a form 

2634
02:27:21,200 --> 02:27:25,200
of stability and meaning. 
Your work today as part of a 

2635
02:27:25,200 --> 02:27:28,600
long chain of similar work, 
stretching backward, and forward

2636
02:27:28,600 --> 02:27:31,400
through time. 
Rest in the Arctic does not 

2637
02:27:31,400 --> 02:27:35,600
follow a fixed schedule, your 
body in the determine when you 

2638
02:27:35,600 --> 02:27:38,500
work. 
And when you pause light levels 

2639
02:27:38,500 --> 02:27:42,600
weather conditions and the 
demands of fishing all influence

2640
02:27:42,600 --> 02:27:46,300
the rhythm of your days, you 
learn to read these signals and 

2641
02:27:46,300 --> 02:27:48,900
respond appropriately rather 
than fighting against them 

2642
02:27:48,900 --> 02:27:52,300
during summer months. 
When daylight persists, you 

2643
02:27:52,300 --> 02:27:56,500
might work for extended periods,
then rest when fatigue dictates 

2644
02:27:57,500 --> 02:28:00,000
The lack of Darkness does not 
prevent sleep. 

2645
02:28:00,000 --> 02:28:04,600
You simply darken your dwelling 
or cover your eyes, and let your

2646
02:28:04,600 --> 02:28:07,100
body. 
Take the rest in needs your 

2647
02:28:07,100 --> 02:28:09,200
internal awareness of tiredness 
guide. 

2648
02:28:09,200 --> 02:28:12,900
You more than any clock. 
In Winter, the opposite occurs, 

2649
02:28:12,900 --> 02:28:16,800
Darkness stretches for long 
periods, and you sleep more than

2650
02:28:16,800 --> 02:28:20,700
you would in summer. 
This is natural and expected. 

2651
02:28:20,700 --> 02:28:25,000
Your body can serves energy 
during the cold dark months. 

2652
02:28:25,000 --> 02:28:29,000
You wait. 
Do necessary, tasks, and return 

2653
02:28:29,000 --> 02:28:31,800
to rest without fighting the 
inclination towards sleep. 

2654
02:28:32,700 --> 02:28:36,400
The transition periods between 
Seasons bring their own patterns

2655
02:28:36,400 --> 02:28:41,000
as lighting increases in Spring.
You gradually sleep less, and 

2656
02:28:41,000 --> 02:28:44,900
work more. 
As light fades in Fall, the 

2657
02:28:44,900 --> 02:28:47,900
reverse happens. 
These shifts occur gradually 

2658
02:28:47,900 --> 02:28:50,300
enough that your body adjusts 
without shock. 

2659
02:28:51,100 --> 02:28:53,900
Resting during the day is not 
laziness or weakness. 

2660
02:28:53,900 --> 02:28:57,600
If you have been fishing since 
the early hours and exhaustion 

2661
02:28:57,600 --> 02:29:01,400
sets in you, stop and rest. 
You might return to your 

2662
02:29:01,400 --> 02:29:04,700
dwelling or you might simply sit
on the ice or Shore for a 

2663
02:29:04,700 --> 02:29:06,400
period. 
Other fissures understand. 

2664
02:29:06,400 --> 02:29:09,400
They have done the same. 
These rest periods are not 

2665
02:29:09,400 --> 02:29:12,500
wasted time while sitting still 
You observe. 

2666
02:29:13,100 --> 02:29:17,000
You notice patterns in water 
movement, bird Behavior or ice 

2667
02:29:17,000 --> 02:29:19,400
conditions. 
You think through equipment 

2668
02:29:19,400 --> 02:29:22,600
repairs or planned? 
Future activities, your mind 

2669
02:29:22,600 --> 02:29:26,500
processes information even when 
your body is still the cold 

2670
02:29:26,500 --> 02:29:28,400
itself demands periods of 
inactivity. 

2671
02:29:28,400 --> 02:29:33,400
After exposure to extreme cold, 
your body needs time in warmth 

2672
02:29:33,400 --> 02:29:36,300
to recover, you cannot simply 
push through without 

2673
02:29:36,300 --> 02:29:39,800
consequences. 
Frostbite and hypothermia a real

2674
02:29:39,800 --> 02:29:42,000
risks that require respect and 
response. 

2675
02:29:42,000 --> 02:29:45,300
When you come in from cold 
conditions, you warm yourself, 

2676
02:29:45,300 --> 02:29:49,600
gradually sudden heat after 
extreme, cold can be harmful, 

2677
02:29:49,600 --> 02:29:54,300
you enter your dwelling, remove 
outer layers slowly and let your

2678
02:29:54,300 --> 02:29:57,300
body temperature. 
Rise naturally, you might drink 

2679
02:29:57,300 --> 02:30:00,300
something warm, but not too hot.
You might eat something. 

2680
02:30:00,300 --> 02:30:04,100
Replenishing calories, burned in
staying warm and during these 

2681
02:30:04,100 --> 02:30:06,600
warming periods you arresting, 
but also preparing. 

2682
02:30:07,300 --> 02:30:11,000
You check your clothing for 
damage, lay wet items out to dry

2683
02:30:11,000 --> 02:30:13,300
and organized equipment for next
use. 

2684
02:30:14,000 --> 02:30:16,100
The rest is active in a low-key 
way. 

2685
02:30:16,900 --> 02:30:20,100
Sleep itself happens in Cycles 
influenced by environment and 

2686
02:30:20,100 --> 02:30:22,200
need. 
You might sleep for several 

2687
02:30:22,200 --> 02:30:24,000
hours. 
Wake for a period of activity, 

2688
02:30:24,000 --> 02:30:28,000
then sleep again. 
In continuous Darkness, this 

2689
02:30:28,000 --> 02:30:30,900
pattern can repeat multiple 
times in what would be called a 

2690
02:30:30,900 --> 02:30:35,300
single day elsewhere. 
You do not fight this, you work 

2691
02:30:35,300 --> 02:30:37,100
with it. 
You're sleeping. 

2692
02:30:37,100 --> 02:30:40,200
Area is a range for maximum 
warmth with minimum fuel. 

2693
02:30:40,200 --> 02:30:44,100
Use you sleep on insulated 
platforms, raised off The Frozen

2694
02:30:44,100 --> 02:30:48,200
Ground, use sleeping, Furs and 
skins arranged in layers. 

2695
02:30:48,200 --> 02:30:52,800
Your body heat trapped by these 
layers creates a warm pocket. 

2696
02:30:52,800 --> 02:30:56,600
Even when the surrounding areas 
cold, you often sleep fully 

2697
02:30:56,600 --> 02:31:01,200
clothed or nearly so undressing 
completely in a cold dwelling 

2698
02:31:01,200 --> 02:31:04,300
makes no sense. 
You remove only what is wet or 

2699
02:31:04,300 --> 02:31:07,300
uncomfortable. 
In the morning, you are already 

2700
02:31:07,300 --> 02:31:11,100
mostly dressed ready to add 
outer layers and begin the day. 

2701
02:31:12,000 --> 02:31:15,000
Shared sleeping Arrangements 
provided additional warmth. 

2702
02:31:15,700 --> 02:31:18,800
Bodies close together, create 
more heat than body's apart. 

2703
02:31:19,500 --> 02:31:21,900
This is practical rather than 
purely social. 

2704
02:31:21,900 --> 02:31:25,400
The warmth allows for better 
rest with less fuel consumption.

2705
02:31:26,300 --> 02:31:28,100
Dreams during long, sleep 
periods. 

2706
02:31:28,100 --> 02:31:31,000
Can be Vivid though. 
You do not usually dwell on 

2707
02:31:31,000 --> 02:31:34,200
them. 
They are simply part of rest the

2708
02:31:34,200 --> 02:31:37,300
Mind processing experiences 
while the body recovers. 

2709
02:31:38,500 --> 02:31:41,000
Sometimes dreams reflect the 
day's work. 

2710
02:31:41,000 --> 02:31:44,300
Fishing walking on ice repairing
equipment. 

2711
02:31:45,300 --> 02:31:49,300
Sometimes they wander to other 
subjects entirely. waking is 

2712
02:31:49,300 --> 02:31:53,200
usually gradual rather than 
abrupt, You surface from sleep 

2713
02:31:53,200 --> 02:31:57,500
slowly becoming aware of sounds 
temperature and light levels. 

2714
02:31:57,500 --> 02:32:01,900
You like still for a moment. 
Assessing how you feel whether 

2715
02:32:01,900 --> 02:32:06,000
anything demands immediate 
attention often nothing does and

2716
02:32:06,000 --> 02:32:10,000
you rise, when ready, rather 
than when required, Naps a 

2717
02:32:10,000 --> 02:32:12,900
common and unremarkable. 
If you feel sleepy during the 

2718
02:32:12,900 --> 02:32:14,800
day, you might lie down for a 
short period. 

2719
02:32:15,800 --> 02:32:18,800
This is a specialty, true after 
eating, or during whether that 

2720
02:32:18,800 --> 02:32:22,600
prevents out or work, the Knapp 
refreshes you without making you

2721
02:32:22,600 --> 02:32:26,800
feel lazy or guilty children and
elderly people sleep even more 

2722
02:32:26,800 --> 02:32:30,000
than active adults. 
Children need extra rest for 

2723
02:32:30,000 --> 02:32:33,400
growth elderly, people of earn 
their rest, through years of 

2724
02:32:33,400 --> 02:32:35,900
work. 
Both groups are allowed to sleep

2725
02:32:35,900 --> 02:32:37,800
as much as they need without 
judgement. 

2726
02:32:38,700 --> 02:32:41,300
You learn to rest while 
remaining alert to Danger. 

2727
02:32:42,000 --> 02:32:45,100
This seems contradictory but 
becomes natural with practice, 

2728
02:32:45,100 --> 02:32:49,000
you can doze lightly while still
hearing changes in Wind sound or

2729
02:32:49,000 --> 02:32:52,100
ice movement. 
Your subconscious monitors while

2730
02:32:52,100 --> 02:32:55,200
you rest waking you. 
If something requires attention,

2731
02:32:56,100 --> 02:32:58,000
Patience is built into rest 
periods. 

2732
02:32:58,000 --> 02:33:00,100
When bad weather, keeps you 
inside? 

2733
02:33:00,100 --> 02:33:03,200
You do not pay anxiously or 
complain about lost fishing 

2734
02:33:03,200 --> 02:33:05,900
time. 
You simply wait using the time 

2735
02:33:05,900 --> 02:33:08,000
for indoor tasks, or Genuine 
rest. 

2736
02:33:08,800 --> 02:33:12,000
The weather will change when it 
changes, your frustration will 

2737
02:33:12,000 --> 02:33:15,600
not speed this process. 
These enforced rest periods 

2738
02:33:15,600 --> 02:33:19,600
during storms can last days you 
prepare for this possibility by 

2739
02:33:19,600 --> 02:33:21,500
keeping enough food and fuel 
stored. 

2740
02:33:21,500 --> 02:33:25,800
Then when the weather arrives 
you settle in without stress you

2741
02:33:25,800 --> 02:33:27,800
have been through this before 
and will go through it. 

2742
02:33:27,800 --> 02:33:31,500
Again, the sound of wind and 
snow on your dwelling, become 

2743
02:33:31,500 --> 02:33:33,900
familiar, background noise 
during these periods. 

2744
02:33:34,800 --> 02:33:37,500
Initially, it might prevent 
sleep, but you adapt. 

2745
02:33:38,400 --> 02:33:41,700
Eventually, The Sounds become 
almost so the constants C. 

2746
02:33:42,400 --> 02:33:44,700
Boredom during long. 
Rest periods is managed through 

2747
02:33:44,700 --> 02:33:47,600
small activities. 
You might work on equipment, 

2748
02:33:47,600 --> 02:33:50,200
repairs. 
Tell stories, play Simple games 

2749
02:33:50,200 --> 02:33:55,000
or simply sit quietly The 
ability to be still, without 

2750
02:33:55,000 --> 02:33:56,800
entertainment is a developed 
skill. 

2751
02:33:56,800 --> 02:33:59,700
Your mind does not always need 
stimulation. 

2752
02:34:00,400 --> 02:34:03,300
You also rest your eyes 
deliberately, the glare from 

2753
02:34:03,308 --> 02:34:05,200
snow. 
And ice can strain Vision. 

2754
02:34:05,200 --> 02:34:08,700
Over time, you periodically, 
close, your eyes, or stay in dim

2755
02:34:08,700 --> 02:34:11,700
light, giving your eyes a leaf 
from constant brightness. 

2756
02:34:12,600 --> 02:34:14,900
This prevents headaches and 
preserves your sight. 

2757
02:34:15,800 --> 02:34:19,400
Physical rest include stretching
and gentle movement after 

2758
02:34:19,400 --> 02:34:21,400
sleeping or sitting for long 
periods. 

2759
02:34:21,400 --> 02:34:24,100
Your body benefits from careful 
stretching. 

2760
02:34:24,900 --> 02:34:28,300
You move your joints through 
their range of motion, relieving

2761
02:34:28,300 --> 02:34:30,200
stiffness without causing 
strain. 

2762
02:34:31,100 --> 02:34:34,100
Rest and work blend together, 
more than they contrast. 

2763
02:34:35,000 --> 02:34:37,900
Your workplace is sustainable, 
rather than intense. 

2764
02:34:37,900 --> 02:34:41,100
You do not Sprint through tasks.
Only to collapse. 

2765
02:34:41,100 --> 02:34:44,900
Afterward, you work steadily, 
rest, periodically. 

2766
02:34:44,900 --> 02:34:47,700
And maintain a rhythm that can 
continue indefinitely. 

2767
02:34:48,700 --> 02:34:51,800
The concept of weekends or days 
off does not apply in the same 

2768
02:34:51,800 --> 02:34:54,600
way. 
Every day includes both work and

2769
02:34:54,600 --> 02:34:57,400
rest in whatever proportion 
makes sense for that day's 

2770
02:34:57,400 --> 02:35:00,500
conditions and needs. 
Some days are more work than 

2771
02:35:00,500 --> 02:35:02,800
rest. 
And other days reverse that 

2772
02:35:02,800 --> 02:35:06,400
ratio, you honor your body 
signals about needing rest. 

2773
02:35:07,500 --> 02:35:10,100
Pushing through fatigue, when 
you have the option to rest is 

2774
02:35:10,100 --> 02:35:12,500
counterproductive. 
Exhausted. 

2775
02:35:12,500 --> 02:35:15,500
People make mistakes and 
mistakes can be costly. 

2776
02:35:15,500 --> 02:35:19,800
Rest is part of maintaining your
ability to work effectively. 

2777
02:35:21,000 --> 02:35:25,100
The community expects people to 
rest appropriately. someone who 

2778
02:35:25,100 --> 02:35:29,000
constantly pushes themselves 
without rest as soon as foolish 

2779
02:35:29,000 --> 02:35:32,700
rather than admirable, 
Sustainable effort over time 

2780
02:35:32,700 --> 02:35:34,800
matters. 
More than short, bursts of 

2781
02:35:34,800 --> 02:35:38,000
intense work. 
Your relationship with rest is 

2782
02:35:38,000 --> 02:35:41,800
practical and positive. 
Rest is not failure or weakness.

2783
02:35:41,800 --> 02:35:46,700
It is necessary maintenance, you
rest, so you can continue 

2784
02:35:46,700 --> 02:35:49,600
working you rest. 
So, you remain safe and 

2785
02:35:49,600 --> 02:35:52,700
functional, you rest because 
your body and environment 

2786
02:35:52,700 --> 02:35:56,100
require it. 
This acceptance makes rest more 

2787
02:35:56,100 --> 02:36:00,000
effective, you do not feel 
guilty or anxious while resting,

2788
02:36:00,000 --> 02:36:04,400
you simply rest allowing your 
body and mind to recover fully. 

2789
02:36:05,300 --> 02:36:08,100
When you return to work, you do 
so refreshed rather than 

2790
02:36:08,100 --> 02:36:12,500
carrying accumulated fatigue. 
The fish you catch a food but 

2791
02:36:12,500 --> 02:36:14,900
they do not remain edible 
without proper handling. 

2792
02:36:15,900 --> 02:36:18,900
From the moment of fish leaves, 
the water until it's consumed. 

2793
02:36:18,900 --> 02:36:22,500
You follow practices developed 
over generations to prevent 

2794
02:36:22,500 --> 02:36:27,400
waste and maintain nutrition. 
This process is skilled work, as

2795
02:36:27,400 --> 02:36:30,800
important as the fishing itself.
Fresh fish are handled 

2796
02:36:30,800 --> 02:36:33,200
immediately. 
You cannot leave them sitting in

2797
02:36:33,208 --> 02:36:36,700
warm conditions. 
Even in cold weather, proper 

2798
02:36:36,700 --> 02:36:38,600
care matters. 
You clean fish. 

2799
02:36:38,600 --> 02:36:42,600
Efficiently, removing entrails 
and saving organs that will be 

2800
02:36:42,600 --> 02:36:45,400
used. 
Nothing is wasted casually. 

2801
02:36:45,400 --> 02:36:49,000
The cleaning process happens in 
designated areas, near water, 

2802
02:36:49,000 --> 02:36:51,500
where waste can be disposed of 
appropriately. 

2803
02:36:51,500 --> 02:36:56,600
You use sharp knives designed 
for this work making clean cuts 

2804
02:36:56,600 --> 02:36:58,600
that preserve as much flesh as 
possible. 

2805
02:36:59,600 --> 02:37:03,500
Your hands know the anatomy of 
different fish species where to 

2806
02:37:03,500 --> 02:37:05,800
cut, what to save and what to 
discard. 

2807
02:37:06,800 --> 02:37:09,600
Blood and fluids from cleaning 
are allowed to drain away or a 

2808
02:37:09,600 --> 02:37:12,900
buried in ice or snow. 
This keeps working areas from 

2809
02:37:12,900 --> 02:37:15,800
becoming slippery and prevent 
scavengers from being attracted 

2810
02:37:15,800 --> 02:37:19,200
to Living Spaces. 
Cleanliness and food handling is

2811
02:37:19,200 --> 02:37:22,000
not about aesthetic. 
It is about safety and 

2812
02:37:22,000 --> 02:37:25,100
practicality. 
Fish for immediate consumption. 

2813
02:37:25,100 --> 02:37:28,500
Might be eaten raw cooked or 
prepared in various ways 

2814
02:37:28,500 --> 02:37:30,200
depending on species and 
preference. 

2815
02:37:30,200 --> 02:37:33,900
You know, which fish are good 
raw which benefit from cooking 

2816
02:37:33,900 --> 02:37:36,600
and, which parts are best for 
different preparations. 

2817
02:37:36,600 --> 02:37:39,900
Cooking when it happens. 
Uses carefully managed heat 

2818
02:37:39,900 --> 02:37:43,800
sources fuel is not unlimited. 
So cooking, methods are 

2819
02:37:43,800 --> 02:37:46,900
efficient. 
You might use small oil lamps or

2820
02:37:46,900 --> 02:37:48,700
carefully rationed wood or other
fuel. 

2821
02:37:49,600 --> 02:37:52,800
The cooking itself is simple. 
The goal is nourishment rather 

2822
02:37:52,800 --> 02:37:55,900
than elaborate cuisine. 
Some fish are boiled. 

2823
02:37:55,900 --> 02:37:59,500
The simplest cooking method 
water in a container is 

2824
02:37:59,500 --> 02:38:03,500
overheated, fish is added and 
the liquid is kept at a steady 

2825
02:38:03,508 --> 02:38:05,200
temperature until the flesh is 
done. 

2826
02:38:05,900 --> 02:38:09,000
The resulting broth is consumed 
as well, providing additional 

2827
02:38:09,000 --> 02:38:12,700
nutrition and warmth. 
Other fish are dried a 

2828
02:38:12,700 --> 02:38:14,900
preservation method that works 
well in Arctic conditions. 

2829
02:38:14,900 --> 02:38:18,000
You split fish open, remove 
bones. 

2830
02:38:18,000 --> 02:38:23,800
If desired and hang the Flesh in
cold dry air, The wind and low 

2831
02:38:23,800 --> 02:38:27,900
humidity slowly remove moisture 
concentrating nutrients and 

2832
02:38:27,900 --> 02:38:31,900
creating a stable food product. 
Drying racks are positioned to 

2833
02:38:31,900 --> 02:38:35,000
maximize airflow while 
protecting fish from direct 

2834
02:38:35,000 --> 02:38:38,300
precipitation. 
You check drying fish regularly.

2835
02:38:38,300 --> 02:38:42,700
Turning pieces to ensure even 
drying removing any that shows 

2836
02:38:42,700 --> 02:38:45,000
signs of spoilage. 
Before they can contaminate 

2837
02:38:45,000 --> 02:38:48,800
others, the dried fish become 
lightweight and easy to store. 

2838
02:38:48,800 --> 02:38:52,300
They can be eaten as is or 
reconstituted in water. 

2839
02:38:52,300 --> 02:38:55,800
They provide concentrated 
nutrition during periods. 

2840
02:38:55,800 --> 02:38:58,200
When fresh fishing is impossible
or impractical. 

2841
02:38:59,500 --> 02:39:02,800
A small amount of dried fish 
provides substantial calories 

2842
02:39:02,800 --> 02:39:05,900
and protein. 
Freezing is another preservation

2843
02:39:05,900 --> 02:39:08,000
method that Arctic conditions 
make simple. 

2844
02:39:08,800 --> 02:39:11,700
Fresh fish left in cold air free
solid quickly. 

2845
02:39:11,700 --> 02:39:17,200
Once Frozen, they remain stable 
for extended periods, you store 

2846
02:39:17,200 --> 02:39:20,200
frozen fish and protected areas 
where they will not thaw and 

2847
02:39:20,200 --> 02:39:23,800
refreeze repeatedly. 
The challenge with frozen food, 

2848
02:39:23,800 --> 02:39:27,600
is thorong it for consumption. 
You cannot simply apply high 

2849
02:39:27,600 --> 02:39:30,700
heat to frozen fish. 
The outside overcooked, while 

2850
02:39:30,700 --> 02:39:35,000
the inside remains Frozen, you 
thought fish gradually either in

2851
02:39:35,000 --> 02:39:38,900
cool air or cold water, allowing
the process to happen evenly. 

2852
02:39:40,300 --> 02:39:43,000
Fermentation, preserves some 
foods through control aging. 

2853
02:39:43,800 --> 02:39:46,400
Fish buried in specific 
conditions, develop strong 

2854
02:39:46,400 --> 02:39:49,400
flavors, and altered textures 
that some people prefer. 

2855
02:39:50,400 --> 02:39:53,400
This process requires knowledge 
of safer, mutation versus 

2856
02:39:53,400 --> 02:39:56,200
dangerous spoilage. 
You learn the signs that 

2857
02:39:56,200 --> 02:39:58,500
indicate proper aging versus 
contamination. 

2858
02:39:59,400 --> 02:40:02,200
Fermented foods are not to 
everyone's taste, but they 

2859
02:40:02,200 --> 02:40:04,800
provide Variety in diet and 
preserve fish that might 

2860
02:40:04,800 --> 02:40:08,200
otherwise spoil. 
The strong flavors and smells 

2861
02:40:08,200 --> 02:40:12,000
are normal and expected. 
What would seem spoiled to 

2862
02:40:12,000 --> 02:40:14,400
Outsiders is recognized by you 
as properly? 

2863
02:40:14,400 --> 02:40:17,800
Prepared food? 
Fish oils and fats are saved 

2864
02:40:17,800 --> 02:40:21,200
carefully. 
These provide concentrated Cal 

2865
02:40:21,200 --> 02:40:25,000
essential in cold conditions. 
You render fats slowly 

2866
02:40:25,000 --> 02:40:27,700
separating pure oil from other 
tissues. 

2867
02:40:27,700 --> 02:40:32,800
The oil can be consumed directly
used in cooking or employed in 

2868
02:40:32,808 --> 02:40:36,500
equipment maintenance. 
Storage containers for fish and 

2869
02:40:36,500 --> 02:40:39,500
oil are cleaned. 
Thoroughly between uses old 

2870
02:40:39,500 --> 02:40:43,400
residues can contaminate new 
food or create off flavors. 

2871
02:40:43,400 --> 02:40:47,400
You use materials that can be 
cleaned, effectively smooth 

2872
02:40:47,400 --> 02:40:51,400
wood, skin containers or other 
traditional materials. 

2873
02:40:52,200 --> 02:40:55,800
Portions are managed carefully. 
You know, roughly how much fish 

2874
02:40:55,800 --> 02:40:57,900
your household needs for various
time periods. 

2875
02:40:58,900 --> 02:41:01,800
You plan to consume fish while 
they are at their best quality 

2876
02:41:01,800 --> 02:41:05,100
rather than letting them 
deteriorate unnecessarily. 

2877
02:41:06,000 --> 02:41:09,200
When community members 
contribute fish to Shared meals,

2878
02:41:09,200 --> 02:41:11,300
each person brings what they 
can. 

2879
02:41:12,500 --> 02:41:15,300
The combined result provides 
variety and abundance that 

2880
02:41:15,300 --> 02:41:17,700
individual households might not 
achieve alone. 

2881
02:41:18,700 --> 02:41:21,900
Everyone eats well and different
preparation methods. 

2882
02:41:21,900 --> 02:41:26,000
Allow people to share techniques
and preferences Children, learn 

2883
02:41:26,000 --> 02:41:29,600
food, preparation, gradually. 
They begin with simple tasks, 

2884
02:41:29,600 --> 02:41:33,400
like carrying water or tending 
small fires as they grow. 

2885
02:41:33,400 --> 02:41:37,500
They learn cleaning techniques, 
preservation methods and cooking

2886
02:41:37,500 --> 02:41:40,600
skills. 
By the time, they are adults. 

2887
02:41:40,600 --> 02:41:45,400
They know the full range of food
handling practices mistakes in 

2888
02:41:45,400 --> 02:41:46,800
food. 
Preparation are learning 

2889
02:41:46,800 --> 02:41:49,100
opportunities, but are avoided 
when possible. 

2890
02:41:49,800 --> 02:41:52,700
Spoiled food is wasted calories 
and lost effort. 

2891
02:41:53,400 --> 02:41:57,600
You pay attention to signs of 
spoilage, off, smells unusual 

2892
02:41:57,600 --> 02:42:01,800
colors and strange textures. 
when in doubt, you discard 

2893
02:42:01,800 --> 02:42:05,900
questionable food rather than 
risk illness, Meals are regular 

2894
02:42:05,900 --> 02:42:08,900
but not elaborate, you eat to 
maintain function and energy. 

2895
02:42:09,900 --> 02:42:13,000
Food is nourishing. 
Rather than Gourmet, you might 

2896
02:42:13,000 --> 02:42:15,500
eat several small meals 
throughout the day rather than a

2897
02:42:15,500 --> 02:42:18,200
few large ones, keeping your 
energy level steady. 

2898
02:42:19,100 --> 02:42:21,200
Hot drinks, provide warmth and 
comfort. 

2899
02:42:21,200 --> 02:42:24,600
You might prepare tea from local
plants or simply drink. 

2900
02:42:24,600 --> 02:42:27,500
Warm water. 
The heat helps raise your core 

2901
02:42:27,500 --> 02:42:31,000
temperature after cold exposure,
you hold the warm container in 

2902
02:42:31,000 --> 02:42:33,200
your hands. 
Letting the heat, penetrate your

2903
02:42:33,200 --> 02:42:35,800
fingers. 
Eating together when possible 

2904
02:42:35,800 --> 02:42:40,200
reinforces social bonds, shared 
meals a time for conversation 

2905
02:42:40,200 --> 02:42:43,400
and connection. 
Food might be simple, but the 

2906
02:42:43,400 --> 02:42:46,800
act of eating together matters. 
You discuss the day's work, 

2907
02:42:46,800 --> 02:42:50,800
share information and make plans
during hard times when fishing 

2908
02:42:50,800 --> 02:42:53,700
is poor food gets shared more 
carefully but still fairly 

2909
02:42:54,700 --> 02:42:58,300
Everyone's portions might be 
smaller, but everyone eats. 

2910
02:42:59,100 --> 02:43:02,300
Community, does not allow some 
to Feast While others starve. 

2911
02:43:02,900 --> 02:43:06,100
Resources are distributed to 
maintain, everyone's survival, 

2912
02:43:06,100 --> 02:43:09,300
you develop a practical 
relationship with Hunger. 

2913
02:43:09,300 --> 02:43:12,100
Sometimes you feel hungry, but 
must wait to eat. 

2914
02:43:12,100 --> 02:43:16,900
This is uncomfortable, but not a
crisis, you know, you will eat 

2915
02:43:16,900 --> 02:43:20,200
when appropriate sometimes you 
eat, even when not particularly 

2916
02:43:20,200 --> 02:43:21,600
hungry. 
Because, you know, you will need

2917
02:43:21,600 --> 02:43:25,400
the energy later, the cycle of 
catching preparing preserving, 

2918
02:43:25,400 --> 02:43:28,600
and consuming fish creates a 
rhythm alongside the fishing 

2919
02:43:28,600 --> 02:43:31,100
itself. 
These activities feel time 

2920
02:43:31,100 --> 02:43:33,900
during whether that prevents 
phishing, they keep your hands 

2921
02:43:33,900 --> 02:43:37,300
busy and your mind occupied. 
They are integral parts of the 

2922
02:43:37,300 --> 02:43:39,300
fishing life rather than 
separate from it. 

2923
02:43:40,200 --> 02:43:42,800
Quality of food, preparation 
affects quality of life. 

2924
02:43:42,800 --> 02:43:46,600
Well, prepared, food taste, 
better and keeps you healthier. 

2925
02:43:47,500 --> 02:43:50,400
Carelessly prepared food can 
make you sick or provide 

2926
02:43:50,400 --> 02:43:53,900
insufficient nutritional you 
take pride in doing the work 

2927
02:43:53,900 --> 02:43:56,100
properly, knowing it directly 
impacts your well-being. 

2928
02:43:56,100 --> 02:43:59,400
The knowledge of food 
preparation is passed down with 

2929
02:43:59,400 --> 02:44:01,100
the same care, as fishing 
knowledge. 

2930
02:44:01,800 --> 02:44:04,600
Someone shows you the best way 
to split a particular fish. 

2931
02:44:04,600 --> 02:44:07,900
For drying, someone else teaches
you which organs are most 

2932
02:44:07,900 --> 02:44:10,700
nutritious. 
Another person demonstrates 

2933
02:44:10,700 --> 02:44:14,600
proper fermentation techniques. 
This knowledge is practical 

2934
02:44:14,600 --> 02:44:18,700
wisdom tested over Generations. 
You trust it? 

2935
02:44:18,700 --> 02:44:22,500
Because you have seen it work. 
The methods might not make sense

2936
02:44:22,500 --> 02:44:25,800
from a modern scientific 
perspective but they achieve 

2937
02:44:25,800 --> 02:44:28,800
their goals. 
Effectively, your relationship 

2938
02:44:28,800 --> 02:44:32,100
with Fisher's Food is 
straightforward Fish will not 

2939
02:44:32,108 --> 02:44:35,800
pets or companions, they are 
resources that keep you alive. 

2940
02:44:35,800 --> 02:44:39,200
You respect this role without 
sentimental it. 

2941
02:44:39,200 --> 02:44:43,400
The fish serve their purpose and
you are grateful for what they 

2942
02:44:43,408 --> 02:44:47,000
provide as daylight Fades or the
work day ends. 

2943
02:44:47,000 --> 02:44:49,100
You turn towards the shelter of 
your dwelling. 

2944
02:44:50,000 --> 02:44:52,900
The transition from outdoor 
activity to indoor, rest 

2945
02:44:52,900 --> 02:44:56,800
happens, gradually you do not 
rush inside and collapse. 

2946
02:44:57,600 --> 02:45:00,500
You move through a sequence of 
tasks that prepare you for the 

2947
02:45:00,508 --> 02:45:03,000
evening ahead. 
Outside your entrance. 

2948
02:45:03,000 --> 02:45:04,400
You brush snow from your 
clothing. 

2949
02:45:04,400 --> 02:45:07,200
Methodically this prevents 
bringing unnecessary. 

2950
02:45:07,200 --> 02:45:09,500
Moisture indoors you stamp your 
feet. 

2951
02:45:09,500 --> 02:45:11,800
Dislodging packed snow from boot
trends. 

2952
02:45:12,600 --> 02:45:15,800
The small actions, reduce the 
amount of water vapor that will 

2953
02:45:15,800 --> 02:45:20,100
accumulate inside inside the 
temperature is noticeably warmer

2954
02:45:20,100 --> 02:45:23,300
than Outdoors, though. 
Still far from hot The 

2955
02:45:23,300 --> 02:45:26,000
difference is enough to make you
comfortable after proper 

2956
02:45:26,000 --> 02:45:28,700
clothing removal. 
You peel off outer layers 

2957
02:45:28,700 --> 02:45:30,700
carefully. 
Checking each piece for damage, 

2958
02:45:30,700 --> 02:45:34,800
as you remove it, wet or damp 
items, get hung to dry in 

2959
02:45:34,800 --> 02:45:37,400
positions that maximize air 
circulation without blocking 

2960
02:45:37,400 --> 02:45:40,100
pathways. 
You arrange them carefully, 

2961
02:45:40,100 --> 02:45:43,700
knowing that improperly dried 
clothing will be stiff or Frozen

2962
02:45:43,700 --> 02:45:46,700
by morning. 
The air inside holds limited 

2963
02:45:46,700 --> 02:45:49,000
moisture. 
So drying happens slowly but 

2964
02:45:49,000 --> 02:45:51,300
steadily. 
Your boots get special 

2965
02:45:51,300 --> 02:45:53,800
attention. 
You remove the insulating 

2966
02:45:53,800 --> 02:45:56,500
material from inside, spreading 
it to dry completely. 

2967
02:45:56,500 --> 02:45:59,400
The boots. 
Themselves are loosened to allow

2968
02:45:59,400 --> 02:46:02,700
airflow, but not removed 
entirely until you assure, your 

2969
02:46:02,700 --> 02:46:06,400
feet of warmed adequately. 
Sudden temperature change can be

2970
02:46:06,408 --> 02:46:09,200
painful in. 
Once you're out and gear is 

2971
02:46:09,200 --> 02:46:12,400
addressed, you can attend 
comfort You might sit near a 

2972
02:46:12,400 --> 02:46:15,400
small heat Source warming hands 
and face directly. 

2973
02:46:16,800 --> 02:46:18,900
It feels Pleasant after hours 
and cold air. 

2974
02:46:19,700 --> 02:46:23,000
You do not take it for granted. 
Like inside comes from oil, 

2975
02:46:23,000 --> 02:46:25,700
lamps burning fish oil or other 
rendered fats. 

2976
02:46:26,500 --> 02:46:30,400
Flames are small but sufficient.
They provide enough illumination

2977
02:46:30,400 --> 02:46:33,000
for close work without consuming
excessive fuel. 

2978
02:46:33,000 --> 02:46:35,600
Your eyes are just to the 
dimness easily. 

2979
02:46:35,600 --> 02:46:39,400
After Time Outdoors the smell of
burning oil is a constant 

2980
02:46:39,400 --> 02:46:41,800
presence near the pleasant nor 
unpleasant. 

2981
02:46:42,700 --> 02:46:44,700
It is simply the smell of being 
indoors. 

2982
02:46:44,700 --> 02:46:47,800
You associate it with warmth, 
safety and rest. 

2983
02:46:48,400 --> 02:46:50,800
The smell becomes comforting 
through familiarity. 

2984
02:46:51,800 --> 02:46:53,500
Evening meals, might be 
prepared. 

2985
02:46:53,500 --> 02:46:56,600
Now, the cooking and eating 
schedules vary based on the dais

2986
02:46:56,600 --> 02:46:59,900
activities. 
If you're hungry, you eat. 

2987
02:46:59,900 --> 02:47:02,900
If not, you might wait or have 
something small. 

2988
02:47:02,900 --> 02:47:06,700
There is no rigid meal schedule 
to follow food. 

2989
02:47:06,700 --> 02:47:09,200
Preparation during evening's is 
often simple. 

2990
02:47:09,200 --> 02:47:11,700
You might warm something already
cooked. 

2991
02:47:11,700 --> 02:47:15,500
Eat preserved fish without 
additional preparation or make a

2992
02:47:15,500 --> 02:47:17,900
simple stew from available 
ingredients. 

2993
02:47:17,900 --> 02:47:21,500
The goal is nourishment rather 
than culinary achievement. 

2994
02:47:22,400 --> 02:47:24,300
While food warms or between 
other tasks. 

2995
02:47:24,300 --> 02:47:25,900
You work on equipment 
maintenance. 

2996
02:47:25,900 --> 02:47:30,000
This is prime time for details 
work that requires good light, 

2997
02:47:30,000 --> 02:47:33,400
and warm fingers. 
You sit near a lamp tools and 

2998
02:47:33,400 --> 02:47:36,200
material spread around you and 
address whatever needs 

2999
02:47:36,200 --> 02:47:38,400
attention. 
Sewing. 

3000
02:47:38,400 --> 02:47:40,400
Torn seems is common evening 
work. 

3001
02:47:41,200 --> 02:47:45,100
You thread sin, you through a 
needle, the material stiff and 

3002
02:47:45,100 --> 02:47:47,700
difficult to work with until it 
warms in your hands. 

3003
02:47:47,700 --> 02:47:53,100
The stitches must be tight and 
even you work slowly ensuring 

3004
02:47:53,100 --> 02:47:56,800
quality over speed. 
Other repair work, might involve

3005
02:47:56,800 --> 02:48:02,000
sharpening blades, adjusting 
bindings waterproofing, seams or

3006
02:48:02,000 --> 02:48:04,000
crafting, small replacement 
parts. 

3007
02:48:05,200 --> 02:48:08,400
Your hands stay busy while your 
mind settles into the calm 

3008
02:48:08,400 --> 02:48:10,600
Focus. 
That details work requires 

3009
02:48:11,300 --> 02:48:13,800
Conversation happens naturally. 
If others are present. 

3010
02:48:14,700 --> 02:48:17,500
You might discuss the days 
fishing, share observations 

3011
02:48:17,500 --> 02:48:21,200
about whether or ice conditions 
or tell stories from the past. 

3012
02:48:22,300 --> 02:48:24,100
The talk is relaxed and 
intermittent. 

3013
02:48:25,000 --> 02:48:28,700
Long silence is a comfortable 
children, if present a winding 

3014
02:48:28,700 --> 02:48:32,600
down from their own day, They 
might be working on small tasks 

3015
02:48:32,600 --> 02:48:35,200
appropriate to their age playing
quietly. 

3016
02:48:35,200 --> 02:48:38,800
Will simply sitting near adults 
and absorbing the evening's calm

3017
02:48:38,800 --> 02:48:41,600
atmosphere. 
Bet, time for children happens 

3018
02:48:41,600 --> 02:48:43,900
when they become sleepy rather 
than a fixed. 

3019
02:48:43,900 --> 02:48:46,500
Our The sounds of evening 
inside. 

3020
02:48:46,500 --> 02:48:51,200
A gentle, the crackle of lamp 
Flames the scrape of tools 

3021
02:48:51,200 --> 02:48:55,100
against materials, being 
repaired occasional voices, and 

3022
02:48:55,100 --> 02:48:59,700
the Russell of people shifting 
position These sounds create a 

3023
02:48:59,700 --> 02:49:03,300
peaceful backdrop to the hours. 
You might check food stores 

3024
02:49:03,300 --> 02:49:05,900
during the evening, assessing, 
what you have and what you will 

3025
02:49:05,900 --> 02:49:08,900
need soon. 
This mental inventory helps 

3026
02:49:08,900 --> 02:49:12,800
plan, the next day's activities.
If supplies are running low, you

3027
02:49:12,800 --> 02:49:15,100
make a note to prioritize 
fishing or Preparation of 

3028
02:49:15,100 --> 02:49:18,500
preserved Foods, personal 
hygiene receives attention when 

3029
02:49:18,500 --> 02:49:21,000
possible. 
You might wipe down with snow or

3030
02:49:21,000 --> 02:49:24,700
water cleaning face and hands at
minimum, full bathing is not 

3031
02:49:24,700 --> 02:49:27,500
frequent due to the difficulty 
of warming enough water, and the

3032
02:49:27,508 --> 02:49:30,000
cold air, but you maintain basic
cleanliness. 

3033
02:49:31,000 --> 02:49:32,700
Your sleeping area gets 
prepared. 

3034
02:49:32,700 --> 02:49:36,500
While you're still fully awake, 
your range, Furs, and skins, 

3035
02:49:36,500 --> 02:49:40,100
check that everything is 
positioned for warmth and lay 

3036
02:49:40,100 --> 02:49:43,900
out clothing for more morning. 
This preparation means you can 

3037
02:49:43,900 --> 02:49:46,800
settle into sleep smoothly when 
tiredness arrives. 

3038
02:49:47,700 --> 02:49:50,800
Stories might be shared during 
evening hours pass down 

3039
02:49:50,800 --> 02:49:52,300
knowledge mixed with 
entertainment. 

3040
02:49:53,300 --> 02:49:55,900
Someone recounts a hunting 
experience from years ago, 

3041
02:49:55,900 --> 02:49:59,000
detailing, the decisions made 
and Lessons Learned. 

3042
02:49:59,900 --> 02:50:03,200
These stories serve multiple 
purposes, they preserve 

3043
02:50:03,200 --> 02:50:06,700
knowledge, entertain and 
reinforce Community bonds. 

3044
02:50:07,700 --> 02:50:10,000
You listen to these stories, 
even if you have heard them 

3045
02:50:10,000 --> 02:50:14,800
before, repetition is part of 
oral traditional each telling 

3046
02:50:14,800 --> 02:50:17,500
might include slightly different
details or emphasis. 

3047
02:50:18,300 --> 02:50:20,200
The Familiar stories are 
comforting in their 

3048
02:50:20,200 --> 02:50:23,400
predictability. 
If you are skilled in 

3049
02:50:23,400 --> 02:50:26,000
storytelling yourself, you might
share when the moment feels 

3050
02:50:26,000 --> 02:50:28,700
right. 
You do not perform dramatically,

3051
02:50:28,700 --> 02:50:32,000
you simply recount events or 
knowledge in your natural 

3052
02:50:32,000 --> 02:50:35,200
speaking voice. 
The value is in the information 

3053
02:50:35,200 --> 02:50:38,500
and connection, not the 
theatrical presentation. 

3054
02:50:39,400 --> 02:50:41,500
Songs exist in your culture, 
though. 

3055
02:50:41,500 --> 02:50:43,000
They're not performed 
constantly. 

3056
02:50:43,900 --> 02:50:47,200
Someone might sing quietly while
working on a task, the melody, 

3057
02:50:47,200 --> 02:50:50,900
helping maintain Rhythm or a 
song might be shared as part of 

3058
02:50:50,900 --> 02:50:53,900
a story demonstrating, something
about the past. 

3059
02:50:55,000 --> 02:50:57,300
The evening is also a time for 
teaching moments. 

3060
02:50:57,300 --> 02:51:01,200
A young person asks about a 
technique and you demonstrate 

3061
02:51:01,200 --> 02:51:05,100
using materials at hand. 
The lesson is informal but 

3062
02:51:05,100 --> 02:51:09,200
valuable knowledge transfers 
through the smaller exchanges as

3063
02:51:09,200 --> 02:51:11,000
much as through formal 
instruction. 

3064
02:51:12,000 --> 02:51:15,400
You might inspect items that 
will be needed tomorrow, making 

3065
02:51:15,400 --> 02:51:19,800
sure everything is ready. this 
prevents morning, confusion and 

3066
02:51:19,800 --> 02:51:24,200
allows you to start the day 
officially Preparation is easier

3067
02:51:24,200 --> 02:51:26,800
when you are alert and 
comfortable rather than rushed 

3068
02:51:26,800 --> 02:51:30,000
and cold. 
As evening deepens toward night.

3069
02:51:30,900 --> 02:51:34,900
Activity gradually decreases 
lamps might be extinguished 

3070
02:51:34,900 --> 02:51:37,400
except for one or two kept 
burning for safety. 

3071
02:51:38,200 --> 02:51:42,100
The light level dims signaling 
to your body that sleep time is 

3072
02:51:42,100 --> 02:51:44,300
approaching. 
You begin to feel the days 

3073
02:51:44,300 --> 02:51:47,300
fatigue more clearly. 
As you relax muscles, that were 

3074
02:51:47,300 --> 02:51:51,400
tense from cold or effort, start
to ease your breathing, slows 

3075
02:51:51,400 --> 02:51:55,200
your mind, shifts from active 
planning toward quieter less 

3076
02:51:55,200 --> 02:51:59,100
directed thoughts, Final tasks 
of the evening are completed 

3077
02:51:59,100 --> 02:52:01,500
without rush. 
You check that, everything is 

3078
02:52:01,500 --> 02:52:04,500
secure that heat sources are 
safe and that morning 

3079
02:52:04,500 --> 02:52:07,600
Necessities are accessible. 
Then you settle into your 

3080
02:52:07,600 --> 02:52:10,700
sleeping area arranged for 
maximum Comfort within the 

3081
02:52:10,700 --> 02:52:14,600
constraints of your environment.
The transition from waking to 

3082
02:52:14,600 --> 02:52:16,700
sleeping is gradual, you 
license. 

3083
02:52:16,700 --> 02:52:20,200
Still feeling the weight of Furs
and skins overview aware of 

3084
02:52:20,208 --> 02:52:21,600
warmth. 
The accumulating in your 

3085
02:52:21,600 --> 02:52:25,100
sleeping space. 
Outside wind might be audible. 

3086
02:52:25,100 --> 02:52:29,500
All the dwelling might be silent
either way your sheltered and 

3087
02:52:29,500 --> 02:52:32,200
safe. 
Your thoughts drift without 

3088
02:52:32,200 --> 02:52:35,900
particular direction, you might 
review the day briefly or 

3089
02:52:35,900 --> 02:52:38,900
thinking ahead to tomorrow, but 
mostly you simply allow your 

3090
02:52:38,900 --> 02:52:41,600
mind to settle. 
Sleep will come when it comes. 

3091
02:52:41,600 --> 02:52:46,000
You do not force it. 
Evening has served its purpose. 

3092
02:52:46,000 --> 02:52:49,700
You have eaten completed 
necessary, work maintained 

3093
02:52:49,700 --> 02:52:52,500
equipment and dwelling and 
prepared for rest. 

3094
02:52:53,200 --> 02:52:55,900
This routine provides structure 
and satisfaction. 

3095
02:52:56,600 --> 02:52:59,600
The day has been lived. 
And now it can end. 

3096
02:53:00,700 --> 02:53:03,800
Night in the Arctic is measured 
less by clock hours than by 

3097
02:53:03,800 --> 02:53:08,900
darkness and quiet. during 
winter months night extends, for

3098
02:53:08,900 --> 02:53:13,200
long periods, blending, with day
into a Continuum of cold and 

3099
02:53:13,200 --> 02:53:18,500
Stillness, During summer night, 
might barely exists the sun 

3100
02:53:18,500 --> 02:53:21,400
hovering near the Horizon before
Rising again. 

3101
02:53:22,200 --> 02:53:26,000
Your body adapt to these extreme
through seasonal rhythms built 

3102
02:53:26,000 --> 02:53:28,500
over years. 
In your sleeping space. 

3103
02:53:28,500 --> 02:53:31,100
Darkness is deep. 
When lamps were extinguished. 

3104
02:53:31,100 --> 02:53:35,300
The Blackness is complete 
Unbroken by streetlights or 

3105
02:53:35,300 --> 02:53:39,100
ambient glow. 
This darkness is restful your 

3106
02:53:39,100 --> 02:53:42,800
eyes, have nothing to track 
allowing complete relaxation of 

3107
02:53:42,800 --> 02:53:45,800
visual Focus. 
The cold presses against your 

3108
02:53:45,800 --> 02:53:48,800
dwellings walls, but inside your
sleeping Arrangement, warmth 

3109
02:53:48,800 --> 02:53:53,100
accumulates your body, heat 
trapped by layers of fur and 

3110
02:53:53,108 --> 02:53:56,400
skin creates a microclimate that
allows sleep. 

3111
02:53:56,400 --> 02:53:58,700
Despite temperatures that would 
be dangerous if you were 

3112
02:53:58,708 --> 02:54:03,000
exposed, you sleep in positions 
that maximize warmth retention, 

3113
02:54:03,000 --> 02:54:08,100
you might curl slightly reducing
surface area exposed to air or 

3114
02:54:08,100 --> 02:54:12,200
you sleep close to others 
sharing Heat The positions are 

3115
02:54:12,200 --> 02:54:15,100
not always comfortable by modern
standards, but they are familiar

3116
02:54:15,100 --> 02:54:17,800
and functional. 
Your breathing creates small 

3117
02:54:17,800 --> 02:54:21,100
clouds of moisture in the cold 
are beyond your sleeping covers.

3118
02:54:21,900 --> 02:54:25,100
This moisture freezes. 
Sometimes creating Frost 

3119
02:54:25,100 --> 02:54:28,700
patterns on nearby. 
Surfaces in the morning this 

3120
02:54:28,700 --> 02:54:31,800
Frost will need to be managed 
but during the night you ignore 

3121
02:54:31,800 --> 02:54:34,400
it. 
Dreams during Arctic nights can 

3122
02:54:34,400 --> 02:54:38,500
be Vivid and strange the long 
darkness and isolation sometimes

3123
02:54:38,500 --> 02:54:40,000
create unusual. 
Dream content. 

3124
02:54:40,000 --> 02:54:45,000
You might dream of fishing as 
expected, but also of impossible

3125
02:54:45,000 --> 02:54:48,700
things, warm places. 
You have never seen people who 

3126
02:54:48,700 --> 02:54:52,300
do not exist and situations that
make no sense upon waking. 

3127
02:54:53,700 --> 02:54:57,000
These dreams are not concerning,
they are simply how your mind 

3128
02:54:57,000 --> 02:54:59,300
processes experience and 
stimuli. 

3129
02:55:00,100 --> 02:55:03,300
You wake from them without 
distress letting the stranger 

3130
02:55:03,300 --> 02:55:06,000
images fade as you Orient 
yourself to waking reality. 

3131
02:55:07,800 --> 02:55:10,400
Sometimes you wake during the 
night for practical reasons, 

3132
02:55:10,400 --> 02:55:14,600
your body needs to urinate or 
you hear a sound that requires 

3133
02:55:14,600 --> 02:55:17,300
checking or your two. 
Warm and need to adjust your 

3134
02:55:17,300 --> 02:55:19,900
covers. 
You address these needs without 

3135
02:55:19,900 --> 02:55:22,800
fully waking moving in, a half 
sleep state. 

3136
02:55:23,500 --> 02:55:26,400
Getting up during the night 
means exposing yourself to cold.

3137
02:55:26,400 --> 02:55:30,100
You do this as quickly and 
efficiently as possible, you 

3138
02:55:30,100 --> 02:55:32,100
emerge from your warm sleeping 
space. 

3139
02:55:32,100 --> 02:55:35,500
A tend to what is needed and 
return to warmth the 

3140
02:55:35,500 --> 02:55:39,300
immediately. cold shock helps 
you appreciate the comfort of 

3141
02:55:39,300 --> 02:55:43,000
your sleeping Arrangement, even 
more If you must go outside 

3142
02:55:43,000 --> 02:55:45,700
during the night, you pull on 
essential outer layers. 

3143
02:55:45,700 --> 02:55:49,700
First, you do not Venture into 
the Arctic night, unprotected, 

3144
02:55:49,700 --> 02:55:53,100
even brief exposure can be 
dangerous if you're not properly

3145
02:55:53,100 --> 02:55:57,700
dressed, Few minutes outside 
feel very long in deep cold and 

3146
02:55:57,700 --> 02:56:02,000
darkness. returning inside after
such a trip, you feel profound 

3147
02:56:02,000 --> 02:56:06,100
relief at being back in shelter,
your sleeping space, which 

3148
02:56:06,100 --> 02:56:10,700
seemed merely adequate before 
now feels luxurious This 

3149
02:56:10,700 --> 02:56:15,500
contrast is part of Arctic Life.
Comfort is relative and deeply 

3150
02:56:15,500 --> 02:56:19,400
appreciated, when present. 
Children sometimes wake during 

3151
02:56:19,400 --> 02:56:22,400
the night with fears or 
discomfort, their comforted 

3152
02:56:22,400 --> 02:56:27,400
quietly, without fuss, a hand on
their shoulder, a quiet word and

3153
02:56:27,400 --> 02:56:29,800
the reassurance of presence, 
usually suffice. 

3154
02:56:30,500 --> 02:56:33,200
The night holds no unusual 
dangers, beyond the ordinary 

3155
02:56:33,200 --> 02:56:37,000
cold, and dark that everyone 
manages the elderly sometimes, 

3156
02:56:37,000 --> 02:56:40,000
sleep, fitfully waking multiple 
times during the night. 

3157
02:56:40,700 --> 02:56:43,900
This is accepted as normal. 
They might lie, awake for 

3158
02:56:43,900 --> 02:56:47,800
periods, listening to the sounds
of the dwelling thinking their 

3159
02:56:47,800 --> 02:56:50,800
own thoughts. 
Eventually sleep returns or 

3160
02:56:50,800 --> 02:56:54,000
morning comes. 
And the night has passed snoring

3161
02:56:54,000 --> 02:56:55,900
from sleeping. 
People is common and mostly 

3162
02:56:55,900 --> 02:56:58,500
ignored. 
If someone snoring is 

3163
02:56:58,500 --> 02:57:01,400
particularly loud, they might be
nudged to shift position, which 

3164
02:57:01,400 --> 02:57:05,300
usually quiets them temporarily.
This is done without anger or 

3165
02:57:05,300 --> 02:57:07,900
complaint. 
It is simply a practical 

3166
02:57:07,900 --> 02:57:10,700
adjustment. 
The sounds of night are 

3167
02:57:10,700 --> 02:57:14,300
different from Desales. 
The wind might change pitch or 

3168
02:57:14,300 --> 02:57:17,600
intensity. 
Ice makes occasional cracking or

3169
02:57:17,600 --> 02:57:20,600
groaning sounds as it shifts 
with temperature changes. 

3170
02:57:21,400 --> 02:57:24,800
These sounds are familiar and 
usually not alarming though. 

3171
02:57:24,800 --> 02:57:27,100
You remain somewhat alert to 
anything unusual. 

3172
02:57:28,300 --> 02:57:31,100
Storm intense of fires during 
the night, you might wake to 

3173
02:57:31,100 --> 02:57:33,800
allow to win noise or the sound 
of snow being driven against 

3174
02:57:33,800 --> 02:57:36,700
your dwelling. 
You assess whether any action is

3175
02:57:36,700 --> 02:57:38,600
needed. 
Usually, it is not. 

3176
02:57:38,600 --> 02:57:44,800
You're inside safe and can 
simply wait out the storm. you 

3177
02:57:44,800 --> 02:57:46,700
return to sleep, knowing you 
will deal with morning 

3178
02:57:46,700 --> 02:57:50,900
conditions, when morning comes, 
Occasionally night brings sounds

3179
02:57:50,900 --> 02:57:54,400
that do require response ice 
movement near, the dwelling 

3180
02:57:54,400 --> 02:57:58,100
might need to be checked. 
Shift in wind direction, might 

3181
02:57:58,100 --> 02:58:00,400
mean securing something that has
come loose. 

3182
02:58:01,000 --> 02:58:04,300
You address these issues 
promptly, then return to rest. 

3183
02:58:05,000 --> 02:58:08,200
The total silence that can occur
during car market nights is 

3184
02:58:08,200 --> 02:58:11,600
profound no traffic, no, 
Machinery. 

3185
02:58:11,600 --> 02:58:14,600
No human activity beyond your 
small community. 

3186
02:58:15,600 --> 02:58:18,800
The quiet is so complete, that 
your own heartbeat becomes 

3187
02:58:18,800 --> 02:58:21,800
Audible. 
This silence is peaceful rather 

3188
02:58:21,800 --> 02:58:25,200
than Neri for you. 
It is the normal Sound Of Night.

3189
02:58:26,000 --> 02:58:29,100
Your sleep cycles during long 
Arctic nights might be different

3190
02:58:29,100 --> 02:58:30,600
from sleeping other 
environments. 

3191
02:58:31,400 --> 02:58:32,700
You might sleep for several 
hours. 

3192
02:58:32,700 --> 02:58:35,200
Wait, for a period then sleep 
again. 

3193
02:58:36,200 --> 02:58:39,600
This by facing or polyphasic 
sleep is functional for your 

3194
02:58:39,600 --> 02:58:42,500
lifestyle. 
You do not fight it or see it is

3195
02:58:42,500 --> 02:58:45,000
insomnia. 
The waking period during the 

3196
02:58:45,000 --> 02:58:47,000
night might be used for quiet 
tasks. 

3197
02:58:47,000 --> 02:58:49,500
You might tend to a lamp check 
on someone else. 

3198
02:58:49,500 --> 02:58:53,700
We'll simply lie, awake 
thinking, Eventually drowsing us

3199
02:58:53,700 --> 02:58:57,000
returns and you slip back into 
sleep without stress about 

3200
02:58:57,000 --> 02:59:00,200
having been awake. 
Physical Comfort during sleep is

3201
02:59:00,200 --> 02:59:02,400
managed through careful, 
arrangement of bedding and 

3202
02:59:02,408 --> 02:59:04,900
clothing. 
You might adjust layers during 

3203
02:59:04,900 --> 02:59:06,700
the night. 
If you become too warm or too 

3204
02:59:06,708 --> 02:59:09,200
cold. 
These adjustments happen. 

3205
02:59:09,200 --> 02:59:11,400
Semi-conscious without fully 
waking. 

3206
02:59:12,100 --> 02:59:14,200
Safety concerns during sleep and
minimal. 

3207
02:59:14,200 --> 02:59:17,400
Once you're settled in a secured
dwelling, You're not vulnerable 

3208
02:59:17,400 --> 02:59:21,700
to Predators or whether the main
risks are fire from unattended 

3209
02:59:21,700 --> 02:59:24,700
lamps or extreme cold. 
If heating fails. 

3210
02:59:25,500 --> 02:59:27,900
But these are managed through 
careful preparation before 

3211
02:59:27,900 --> 02:59:30,200
sleep. 
Trust in your dwellings 

3212
02:59:30,200 --> 02:59:33,200
construction, allows relaxation 
into deep sleep. 

3213
02:59:34,000 --> 02:59:36,900
The structure has been tested 
against Arctic conditions, many 

3214
02:59:36,900 --> 02:59:41,000
times you know its limits and 
capabilities, this knowledge 

3215
02:59:41,000 --> 02:59:45,500
enables rest without anxiety. 
Mourning, approaches gradually 

3216
02:59:45,500 --> 02:59:47,600
in some Seasons rapidly and 
others. 

3217
02:59:48,400 --> 02:59:52,100
During winter, you might wake to
continue Darkness with only your

3218
02:59:52,100 --> 02:59:55,200
internal sense of time. 
Telling you Morning has arrived.

3219
02:59:56,000 --> 02:59:59,100
During summer, increasing light 
of eventually penetrates 

3220
02:59:59,100 --> 03:00:01,600
through, whatever covering your 
eyes or dwelling walls. 

3221
03:00:02,500 --> 03:00:05,600
The transition from sleep to 
waking is gentle when possible, 

3222
03:00:05,600 --> 03:00:09,500
you become aware of your body, 
the temperature and the sounds 

3223
03:00:09,500 --> 03:00:13,200
around you. 
You assess how you feel rested 

3224
03:00:13,200 --> 03:00:17,800
or still tired, warm or cold, 
ready to rise or needing more 

3225
03:00:17,800 --> 03:00:20,900
rest? 
If you feel genuinely rested, 

3226
03:00:20,900 --> 03:00:24,600
you begin the process of getting
up. if you still feel tired and 

3227
03:00:24,600 --> 03:00:27,800
nothing, urgent demands, 
attention, you might dose longer

3228
03:00:29,200 --> 03:00:32,100
The flexibility to match waking 
to actual rest. 

3229
03:00:32,100 --> 03:00:35,900
Needs is a practical luxury. 
Rising from your sleeping. 

3230
03:00:35,900 --> 03:00:37,900
Space means leaving warmth for 
cold. 

3231
03:00:37,900 --> 03:00:41,700
You do this, decisively want to 
committed pulling on layers 

3232
03:00:41,700 --> 03:00:43,300
while still lying down when 
possible. 

3233
03:00:43,300 --> 03:00:47,200
Then emerging ready to face the 
days temperature, the night is 

3234
03:00:47,200 --> 03:00:51,300
passed. 
Your body is rested and prepared

3235
03:00:51,300 --> 03:00:55,300
itself for another day. 
Sleep has served its essential 

3236
03:00:55,300 --> 03:00:57,900
function. 
You're ready to begin again? 

3237
03:00:58,700 --> 03:01:02,200
The life you lead as an Inuit 
Fisher in the ark is not a story

3238
03:01:02,200 --> 03:01:06,300
of dramatic struggles, overcome 
or exciting Adventures survived.

3239
03:01:07,000 --> 03:01:11,000
It is a long quiet, practice of 
attention and adaptation 

3240
03:01:11,000 --> 03:01:14,300
repeatedly across years and 
generations. 

3241
03:01:14,300 --> 03:01:18,200
This continuity is both the 
challenge and the reward. 

3242
03:01:18,200 --> 03:01:21,100
Each morning looks similar to 
the one before. 

3243
03:01:21,100 --> 03:01:25,600
You wait, dress ten to equipment
and move toward the water. 

3244
03:01:26,800 --> 03:01:31,000
The specific details vary, 
whether differs fish respond 

3245
03:01:31,000 --> 03:01:34,300
differently, small problems, 
arise and assault. 

3246
03:01:35,000 --> 03:01:37,200
But the overall pattern remains 
constant. 

3247
03:01:38,000 --> 03:01:41,300
This sameness is not monotonous.
It is reliable. 

3248
03:01:42,000 --> 03:01:45,900
Your children, observe this 
reliability and absorb it, they 

3249
03:01:45,900 --> 03:01:48,700
see that life continues through 
steady effort rather than 

3250
03:01:48,700 --> 03:01:52,000
dramatic gestures. 
They learn that survival in the 

3251
03:01:52,000 --> 03:01:54,100
Arctic depends on doing ordinary
things. 

3252
03:01:54,100 --> 03:01:57,700
Well, repeatedly without 
expectation of Praise or 

3253
03:01:57,700 --> 03:02:00,400
excitement. 
The knowledge you hold was 

3254
03:02:00,400 --> 03:02:03,300
passed by people who learned it 
from others before them. 

3255
03:02:04,100 --> 03:02:07,300
Techniques for reading, ice 
conditions methods for 

3256
03:02:07,300 --> 03:02:10,600
preserving fish, designs for 
clothing and Equipment. 

3257
03:02:10,600 --> 03:02:14,200
All of this arrived to you, 
through chains of transmission 

3258
03:02:14,200 --> 03:02:17,000
stretching back further than 
anyone can remember. 

3259
03:02:18,000 --> 03:02:21,300
You will pass this knowledge 
forward in turn a young person 

3260
03:02:21,300 --> 03:02:24,100
watching you today will remember
how you handle the particular 

3261
03:02:24,100 --> 03:02:27,800
task years from now. 
They will perform that same task

3262
03:02:27,800 --> 03:02:29,800
using what they learned by 
observation. 

3263
03:02:31,000 --> 03:02:35,100
Chain continues on broken. 
This transmission happens with 

3264
03:02:35,100 --> 03:02:36,700
out ceremony or formal 
recognition. 

3265
03:02:37,700 --> 03:02:41,200
Knowledge flows through daily 
life, absorbed gradually through

3266
03:02:41,200 --> 03:02:45,600
participation and observation. 
The learning is practical rather

3267
03:02:45,600 --> 03:02:48,900
than theoretical. 
You do not explain principles, 

3268
03:02:48,900 --> 03:02:53,300
you demonstrate practices 
adaptations occur slowly within 

3269
03:02:53,300 --> 03:02:56,800
this conservative system, if 
someone discovers a slightly 

3270
03:02:56,800 --> 03:03:00,300
better way to accomplish a task,
it spreads gradually through the

3271
03:03:00,300 --> 03:03:03,300
community. 
The Improvement is evaluated 

3272
03:03:03,300 --> 03:03:05,700
through use rather than declared
revolutionary. 

3273
03:03:06,500 --> 03:03:10,400
What works persists? 
What does not work Fade's away? 

3274
03:03:11,300 --> 03:03:13,300
Your relationship with the 
environment is neither 

3275
03:03:13,300 --> 03:03:17,900
romanticized nor antagonistic. 
The Arctic is not an enemy to 

3276
03:03:17,900 --> 03:03:22,400
conquer or a paradise to praise.
It is the place you live with 

3277
03:03:22,400 --> 03:03:24,400
its particular conditions and 
requirements. 

3278
03:03:25,600 --> 03:03:29,300
You adapt to it because you must
and because you can The 

3279
03:03:29,300 --> 03:03:33,100
hardships you face are real but 
not exceptional to you cold is 

3280
03:03:33,100 --> 03:03:36,200
expected. 
Limited resources are normal. 

3281
03:03:36,200 --> 03:03:39,100
The constant attention required 
for safety? 

3282
03:03:39,100 --> 03:03:42,800
Is simply part of living here. 
You do not compare your life to 

3283
03:03:42,800 --> 03:03:45,400
ease your lives elsewhere 
because such comparisons and 

3284
03:03:45,400 --> 03:03:47,500
serve, no purpose. 
Comfort. 

3285
03:03:47,500 --> 03:03:50,800
When it exists is deeply 
appreciated, precisely because 

3286
03:03:50,800 --> 03:03:54,300
it is not constant. 
The warmth of your dwelling 

3287
03:03:54,300 --> 03:03:56,800
after cold exposure, feels 
genuinely good. 

3288
03:03:56,800 --> 03:04:00,500
A successful Fishing Day brings 
real satisfaction. 

3289
03:04:01,900 --> 03:04:04,900
These moments of comfort and 
success are earned through the 

3290
03:04:04,900 --> 03:04:06,900
surrounding context of 
difficulty. 

3291
03:04:07,800 --> 03:04:10,500
You do not complain much about 
hardships because complaining 

3292
03:04:10,500 --> 03:04:14,300
changes, nothing the cold will 
remain cold regardless of your 

3293
03:04:14,300 --> 03:04:17,300
feelings about it. 
Fish will either be present or 

3294
03:04:17,300 --> 03:04:20,200
absent independent of your 
wishes energy. 

3295
03:04:20,200 --> 03:04:22,700
Spent on complaint is energy 
wasted. 

3296
03:04:23,500 --> 03:04:27,600
Instead, you focus on what can 
be controlled, you can maintain 

3297
03:04:27,600 --> 03:04:30,400
equipment. 
Well, you can make careful 

3298
03:04:30,400 --> 03:04:33,700
decisions about when and where 
to fish, you can share 

3299
03:04:33,700 --> 03:04:37,100
resources, fairly you can teach 
younger people accurately. 

3300
03:04:37,900 --> 03:04:41,400
These actions have affects the 
seasons cycle through their 

3301
03:04:41,400 --> 03:04:43,900
patterns and you cycle through 
corresponding tasks. 

3302
03:04:44,700 --> 03:04:46,700
Winter work. 
Differs from Summer work. 

3303
03:04:47,400 --> 03:04:51,300
Spring preparation, differs from
Full storage, this variation 

3304
03:04:51,300 --> 03:04:53,900
provides structure to the year 
while maintaining overall 

3305
03:04:53,900 --> 03:04:57,300
consistency. 
Your identity is shaped by this 

3306
03:04:57,300 --> 03:05:00,700
life in ways. 
You rarely articulate, you are a

3307
03:05:00,700 --> 03:05:04,600
person who knows how to function
in extreme cold, you are someone

3308
03:05:04,600 --> 03:05:07,800
who can read ice conditions. 
You are part of a community that

3309
03:05:07,800 --> 03:05:11,700
depends on fishing. 
These aspects of identity are 

3310
03:05:11,700 --> 03:05:13,400
foundational rather than 
decorative. 

3311
03:05:14,200 --> 03:05:16,600
The connection between 
Generations creates a form of 

3312
03:05:16,608 --> 03:05:19,300
continuity that transcends 
individual lives. 

3313
03:05:19,300 --> 03:05:23,300
You are living a life similar to
your grandparents lives, and 

3314
03:05:23,300 --> 03:05:24,900
your grandchildren will likely 
live. 

3315
03:05:24,900 --> 03:05:28,400
Similarly, to yours, this 
Longview can be comforting. 

3316
03:05:29,200 --> 03:05:32,400
You are part of something larger
and more enduring than yourself 

3317
03:05:32,400 --> 03:05:36,500
change, does occur over time. 
New materials, might become 

3318
03:05:36,500 --> 03:05:39,600
available different fishing 
techniques, might prove 

3319
03:05:39,600 --> 03:05:43,000
effective outside. 
Influences might introduce new 

3320
03:05:43,000 --> 03:05:46,300
ideas or tools. 
You evaluate these changes 

3321
03:05:46,300 --> 03:05:49,400
practically adopting what helps 
and discarding. 

3322
03:05:49,400 --> 03:05:53,900
What does not. the core 
practices remain stable, even as

3323
03:05:53,900 --> 03:05:58,100
details of evolved, you still 
need to catch fish, preserve 

3324
03:05:58,100 --> 03:06:03,100
food, maintain equipment and 
survive, cold, the methods for 

3325
03:06:03,100 --> 03:06:06,500
accomplishing these goals might 
adjust, but the goals themselves

3326
03:06:06,500 --> 03:06:10,800
persist Your days are full of 
small decisions made 

3327
03:06:10,800 --> 03:06:13,500
automatically based on 
accumulated experience. 

3328
03:06:13,500 --> 03:06:17,100
You decide which fishing spot to
try based on factors. 

3329
03:06:17,100 --> 03:06:20,300
You're not even consciously 
considering I Superior parents, 

3330
03:06:20,300 --> 03:06:25,700
win directly time of year, 
recent success and intuition 

3331
03:06:25,700 --> 03:06:27,600
built from Decades of 
observational. 

3332
03:06:28,500 --> 03:06:31,700
These automatic decisions are a 
form of expertise that cannot 

3333
03:06:31,700 --> 03:06:33,600
easily be explained to 
Outsiders. 

3334
03:06:33,600 --> 03:06:37,200
You might not even be able to 
fully explain your reasoning. 

3335
03:06:37,200 --> 03:06:40,800
You simply know what usually 
works and you follow that 

3336
03:06:40,800 --> 03:06:44,800
knowledge mistake. 
Still happen, despite experience

3337
03:06:44,800 --> 03:06:48,600
you misjudge ice thickness. 
Occasionally, you fail to notice

3338
03:06:48,600 --> 03:06:52,000
equipment damage and time. 
You make errors in preservation 

3339
03:06:52,000 --> 03:06:55,300
that cost, you food these 
mistakes, teach you, or remind 

3340
03:06:55,300 --> 03:06:58,100
you to pay attention. 
They are part of learning that 

3341
03:06:58,100 --> 03:07:01,800
never completely ends the 
community tolerates individual 

3342
03:07:01,800 --> 03:07:04,500
mistakes while maintaining 
expectations of General 

3343
03:07:04,500 --> 03:07:07,300
competence. 
Everyone makes errors, sometimes

3344
03:07:07,300 --> 03:07:10,900
what matters is learning from 
them and not repeating the same 

3345
03:07:10,900 --> 03:07:14,200
mistake carelessly. 
Patterns of incompetence and 

3346
03:07:14,200 --> 03:07:17,500
noted and addressed. 
But isolated areas are accepted 

3347
03:07:17,500 --> 03:07:20,700
your contribution to the 
community, is measured over 

3348
03:07:20,700 --> 03:07:23,700
time. 
Rather than in single events you

3349
03:07:23,700 --> 03:07:26,700
might have an excellent fishing 
week followed by a poor one, 

3350
03:07:26,700 --> 03:07:30,700
over months and years, your 
overall contribution balances 

3351
03:07:30,700 --> 03:07:33,700
out. 
This long-term view reduces 

3352
03:07:33,700 --> 03:07:35,200
pressure while maintaining 
accountability. 

3353
03:07:36,600 --> 03:07:38,800
As you age, Your Role shifts 
gradually. 

3354
03:07:39,500 --> 03:07:43,100
Physical tasks become harder but
your knowledge becomes deeper 

3355
03:07:43,100 --> 03:07:46,400
and more valuable younger. 
People begin to consult you 

3356
03:07:46,400 --> 03:07:50,100
about decisions or techniques. 
You transition from primarily 

3357
03:07:50,100 --> 03:07:52,400
doing to primarily knowing and 
teaching. 

3358
03:07:53,200 --> 03:07:56,600
This transition is not 
retirement, you remain active, 

3359
03:07:56,600 --> 03:07:59,900
and contributing, as long as 
you're able, the nature of your 

3360
03:07:59,900 --> 03:08:04,000
contributions, simply changes. 
You might spend more time on 

3361
03:08:04,000 --> 03:08:07,300
detail work and less on heavy 
labor, but you are still part of

3362
03:08:07,300 --> 03:08:10,600
the community's function. 
Eventually, you will not be able

3363
03:08:10,600 --> 03:08:13,700
to continue. 
Age or injury or illness, will 

3364
03:08:13,700 --> 03:08:17,100
end your fishing life? 
When this happens, you will be 

3365
03:08:17,100 --> 03:08:19,800
cared for by the community. 
You have contributed to 

3366
03:08:19,800 --> 03:08:22,600
throughout your life. 
The cycle of giving and 

3367
03:08:22,600 --> 03:08:25,000
receiving balances across 
Generations. 

3368
03:08:25,000 --> 03:08:29,300
After your gone, the fishing 
life will continue Other people 

3369
03:08:29,300 --> 03:08:33,300
will walk the ice, you walked 
fish, the waters, you fished and

3370
03:08:33,300 --> 03:08:35,700
maintain equipment in the ways 
you demonstrate it. 

3371
03:08:35,700 --> 03:08:40,100
Your individual presence will be
missed, but the continuity will 

3372
03:08:40,100 --> 03:08:43,600
not break. 
This is the nature of Inuit 

3373
03:08:43,600 --> 03:08:46,600
fishing life in the Arctic 
along, quiet. 

3374
03:08:46,600 --> 03:08:50,900
Practice of survival and skill 
passed forward through Time by 

3375
03:08:50,900 --> 03:08:55,000
people who value competence over
comfort and continuity over 

3376
03:08:55,000 --> 03:08:58,300
change. 
The hardships are real met with 

3377
03:08:58,300 --> 03:09:02,000
patients and practical knowledge
rather than drama or despair. 

3378
03:09:03,100 --> 03:09:06,100
You settle into sleep tonight, 
having lived another day in this

3379
03:09:06,108 --> 03:09:08,400
long. 
Tradition tomorrow will bring 

3380
03:09:08,400 --> 03:09:12,100
similar tasks and challenges. 
You will meet them as you did 

3381
03:09:12,100 --> 03:09:15,000
today with attention and steady 
effort. 

3382
03:09:15,900 --> 03:09:19,400
The ice will be cold, the work 
will be demanding, and you will 

3383
03:09:19,400 --> 03:09:21,000
persist, because this is what 
you do. 

3384
03:09:21,900 --> 03:09:23,500
This is what has always been 
done. 

3385
03:09:23,500 --> 03:09:29,900
This is what will continue. 
You wait before Dawn in a small 

3386
03:09:29,900 --> 03:09:33,000
rented room of a cafe and all 
southern France. 

3387
03:09:33,000 --> 03:09:37,600
It's 1888 and the pre-dawn 
Darkness carries the smell of 

3388
03:09:37,600 --> 03:09:41,700
yesterday's coffee grounds and 
turpentine, your name is Vincent

3389
03:09:41,700 --> 03:09:44,500
van, Gogh, the almost, nobody 
knows it yet. 

3390
03:09:44,500 --> 03:09:47,600
And your feet, hit the cold 
floorboards with the same 

3391
03:09:47,600 --> 03:09:53,100
purpose they've had for years. 
Today, you will paint the ritual

3392
03:09:53,100 --> 03:09:55,900
begins in silence. 
You don't like the lamp 

3393
03:09:55,900 --> 03:09:58,200
immediately because your eyes 
need to adjust naturally. 

3394
03:09:58,200 --> 03:10:01,700
The way a Baker's hands need to 
learn dope before the oven 

3395
03:10:01,700 --> 03:10:04,900
warms, you've discovered that 
rushing this transition from 

3396
03:10:04,900 --> 03:10:08,500
sleep to wakefulness. 
Produces paintings that feel 

3397
03:10:08,500 --> 03:10:11,800
hurried disconnected from the 
pulse of actual seeing. 

3398
03:10:11,800 --> 03:10:15,100
So you sit on the edge of your 
narrow bed, listening to the 

3399
03:10:15,100 --> 03:10:19,400
town slowly, remember itself. 
Shutter creaking open somewhere 

3400
03:10:19,400 --> 03:10:23,800
a dog's distant bark, the first 
cartwheels grinding against 

3401
03:10:23,800 --> 03:10:28,200
cobblestones your room measures,
roughly 12 feet by 10 feet. 

3402
03:10:28,200 --> 03:10:31,400
You know, this, because you've 
painted it and painting, 

3403
03:10:31,400 --> 03:10:33,800
something means measuring it 
with your eyes, a thousand 

3404
03:10:33,800 --> 03:10:38,000
times, the walls of the color of
old cream stained here and there

3405
03:10:38,000 --> 03:10:40,800
with accidental dubs of paint. 
From when you've gestured to 

3406
03:10:40,800 --> 03:10:43,700
enthusiastically, Your bed has a
simple. 

3407
03:10:43,700 --> 03:10:47,700
Wooden frame two chairs, sit 
against one wall, their cane 

3408
03:10:47,700 --> 03:10:49,800
seats. 
Worn smooth, above them. 

3409
03:10:49,800 --> 03:10:52,800
Hangs a small mirror. 
You rarely look into not from 

3410
03:10:52,800 --> 03:10:56,300
vanity or its opposite but 
because your face is never 

3411
03:10:56,300 --> 03:10:58,400
interested you the way other 
phases do. 

3412
03:10:58,400 --> 03:11:03,300
You're not the subject, the 
world is the morning light when 

3413
03:11:03,300 --> 03:11:06,000
it finally arrives, doesn't 
burst through your window like a

3414
03:11:06,000 --> 03:11:10,000
trumpet announcement. 
It seeps in gradually the way 

3415
03:11:10,000 --> 03:11:13,400
watercolor bleeds across wet 
paper, you've learned that. 

3416
03:11:13,400 --> 03:11:17,200
This is how most real things 
happen not with drama, but with 

3417
03:11:17,200 --> 03:11:20,000
patience The light touches your 
wash base. 

3418
03:11:20,000 --> 03:11:24,000
And first then creeps across to 
your shoes, which you've left by

3419
03:11:24,000 --> 03:11:27,600
the door cake with yesterday's 
dried mud from the fields. 

3420
03:11:27,600 --> 03:11:31,200
You don't own many shoes, you 
wear them until they fall apart,

3421
03:11:31,200 --> 03:11:33,700
then you patch them, then you 
wear them some more. 

3422
03:11:34,800 --> 03:11:38,200
Money spent on unnecessary 
shoes, is money not spent on 

3423
03:11:38,200 --> 03:11:41,600
paint. 
You stand and stretch feeling 

3424
03:11:41,600 --> 03:11:45,800
your spine, crack in three 
distinct, places your 35 years 

3425
03:11:45,800 --> 03:11:46,700
old though. 
Your body. 

3426
03:11:46,700 --> 03:11:51,200
Sometimes feels older years of 
poor nutrition walking miles 

3427
03:11:51,200 --> 03:11:54,800
every day, sleeping in cheap 
rooms with thin mattresses. 

3428
03:11:54,800 --> 03:11:58,900
These things, accumulate in your
joints like interest on a debt, 

3429
03:11:58,900 --> 03:12:01,600
but your hands are steady. 
That's what matters. 

3430
03:12:01,600 --> 03:12:04,700
Your hands are strong and 
certain even when your mind 

3431
03:12:04,700 --> 03:12:08,800
isn't the morning, a blue shins 
are practical almost military in

3432
03:12:08,800 --> 03:12:11,500
their efficiently, cold water 
from the base. 

3433
03:12:11,500 --> 03:12:14,600
And splashed on your face, 
scrubbing, away sleep and 

3434
03:12:14,600 --> 03:12:17,200
yesterday's paint. 
That somehow always ends up on 

3435
03:12:17,200 --> 03:12:18,800
your temples and behind your 
ears. 

3436
03:12:19,700 --> 03:12:22,800
You've stopped questioning how 
paint migrates to these unlikely

3437
03:12:22,800 --> 03:12:26,000
places artists are always 
slightly decorated with their 

3438
03:12:26,000 --> 03:12:30,800
work, like Baker's with flour or
blacksmiths with soot, he dry 

3439
03:12:30,800 --> 03:12:33,300
your face with a rough towel, 
then, run your fingers through 

3440
03:12:33,300 --> 03:12:37,100
your red hair, which sticks up 
in several directions and will 

3441
03:12:37,100 --> 03:12:39,300
continue to do. 
So, regardless of your efforts 

3442
03:12:39,300 --> 03:12:42,800
vanity about grooming seems 
absurd when you're about to 

3443
03:12:42,800 --> 03:12:46,400
spend 10 hours staring at 
sunflowers, Breakfast is 

3444
03:12:46,400 --> 03:12:49,800
whatever is available which 
usually isn't much today. 

3445
03:12:49,800 --> 03:12:52,500
It's bread from two days ago, 
harder now. 

3446
03:12:52,508 --> 03:12:54,500
But still edible when torn into 
pieces. 

3447
03:12:54,500 --> 03:12:57,300
You eat it standing by the 
window looking out at the 

3448
03:12:57,308 --> 03:13:00,700
street, below the baker across 
the way is opening his shutters 

3449
03:13:00,700 --> 03:13:04,700
a woman in a dark dress sweeps, 
her doorstep with brisk 

3450
03:13:04,700 --> 03:13:08,400
irritated Strokes as if the dust
is personally offended. 

3451
03:13:08,400 --> 03:13:11,100
Her a cat slides along a wall 
like liquid. 

3452
03:13:11,100 --> 03:13:15,300
You memorize these things 
without trying your brain has 

3453
03:13:15,300 --> 03:13:18,500
become a collection box for 
visual information constantly 

3454
03:13:18,500 --> 03:13:22,100
Gathering material even during 
these supposedly Idol moments 

3455
03:13:22,100 --> 03:13:25,300
the coffee when you make it 
taste like burnt Earth and 

3456
03:13:25,308 --> 03:13:29,300
Desperation You've never been 
good at cooking and coffee 

3457
03:13:29,300 --> 03:13:33,600
making as a subset of that 
larger failure but it's hot and 

3458
03:13:33,600 --> 03:13:35,900
it contains caffeine which means
it fulfills. 

3459
03:13:35,900 --> 03:13:38,500
Its function. 
You've learned not to demand 

3460
03:13:38,500 --> 03:13:40,600
that things, be more than they 
are coffee. 

3461
03:13:40,600 --> 03:13:43,500
Should taste good, but it 
doesn't have to painting should 

3462
03:13:43,500 --> 03:13:46,500
sell, but it doesn't have to 
not, everything needs to be 

3463
03:13:46,500 --> 03:13:48,600
perfect. 
Most things just need to be 

3464
03:13:48,600 --> 03:13:51,300
done. 
While you drink, your mental, 

3465
03:13:51,300 --> 03:13:55,500
inventory of supplies, titanium 
white is running low Prussian 

3466
03:13:55,500 --> 03:13:57,900
Blue has maybe three more 
paintings in the tube. 

3467
03:13:57,900 --> 03:14:00,300
The linseed oil needs replacing 
soon. 

3468
03:14:00,300 --> 03:14:03,200
Chrome, yellow. 
Your beloved yellow, your 

3469
03:14:03,200 --> 03:14:05,800
sunshine in paste form is 
adequate for now. 

3470
03:14:06,600 --> 03:14:09,600
You calculate costs in your head
matching them against the 

3471
03:14:09,600 --> 03:14:11,800
monthly allowance. 
Your brother Theo sends from 

3472
03:14:11,808 --> 03:14:13,900
Paris. 
The mathematics are always 

3473
03:14:13,900 --> 03:14:16,100
depressing, so you don't Linger 
on them. 

3474
03:14:16,100 --> 03:14:19,700
You'll make it work. 
You always make it work even if 

3475
03:14:19,700 --> 03:14:23,200
it means eating less bread next 
week, the light is stronger. 

3476
03:14:23,200 --> 03:14:26,700
Now turning the walls golden. 
This is the moment you've been 

3477
03:14:26,700 --> 03:14:29,200
waiting for without realizing 
you were waiting. 

3478
03:14:29,200 --> 03:14:33,700
The moment when the day declares
its color intentions today, 

3479
03:14:33,700 --> 03:14:37,600
we'll be warm toned. 
You can already tell The shadows

3480
03:14:37,600 --> 03:14:39,200
will have purple in them by 
afternoon. 

3481
03:14:40,200 --> 03:14:43,500
The sky will be that particular 
shade of blue that only exists 

3482
03:14:43,500 --> 03:14:48,000
in proves as if God mixed 
ultramarine with hope and 

3483
03:14:48,000 --> 03:14:49,900
spreaded overhead like a 
blessing. 

3484
03:14:50,900 --> 03:14:53,800
You finish your coffee and set 
the cup on the small table. 

3485
03:14:53,800 --> 03:14:57,900
Then you stand still for a 
moment, feeling your body settle

3486
03:14:57,900 --> 03:15:01,400
into readiness. 
Your shoulders, drop your 

3487
03:15:01,400 --> 03:15:04,700
breathing slows. 
This is the transition point, 

3488
03:15:04,700 --> 03:15:09,900
the threshold between being a 
person who sleeps and eats and a

3489
03:15:09,900 --> 03:15:13,700
person who sees and creates it's
a shift, you've practiced so 

3490
03:15:13,700 --> 03:15:17,000
many times, it's become 
automatic like a priest, 

3491
03:15:17,000 --> 03:15:20,300
entering a church or a soldier 
picking up a rifle, this is what

3492
03:15:20,300 --> 03:15:22,900
you do. 
This is who you are, you reach 

3493
03:15:22,900 --> 03:15:27,100
for your coat, a brown jacket. 
That's seen better years as you 

3494
03:15:27,100 --> 03:15:29,300
shrug it on. 
You feel the weight of brushes 

3495
03:15:29,300 --> 03:15:32,800
in the inside pocket, a 
reassuring pressure against your

3496
03:15:32,800 --> 03:15:35,400
ribs, your fingers, check 
automatically? 

3497
03:15:35,400 --> 03:15:37,700
Yes. 
The small Sketchbook is still 

3498
03:15:37,700 --> 03:15:40,300
there. 
A stub of graphite wrapped in 

3499
03:15:40,300 --> 03:15:42,300
string. 
Your portable memory for when 

3500
03:15:42,300 --> 03:15:46,500
oil and canvas aren't practical.
Everything you need is accounted

3501
03:15:46,500 --> 03:15:49,900
for everything. 
Necessary is present before 

3502
03:15:49,900 --> 03:15:51,600
leaving. 
You glanced once more around the

3503
03:15:51,600 --> 03:15:53,500
room. 
It's not much this temporary 

3504
03:15:53,500 --> 03:15:56,600
home but it's yours. 
The bed where you collapse, 

3505
03:15:56,600 --> 03:15:59,600
after 12 hour, painting 
sessions, the chairs, where you 

3506
03:15:59,600 --> 03:16:02,400
sit and write long letters to 
Theo, trying to explain what 

3507
03:16:02,400 --> 03:16:05,400
you're seeing, what your 
attempting and why it matters. 

3508
03:16:05,400 --> 03:16:09,200
The mirror that reflects a man 
who looks perpetually surprised 

3509
03:16:09,200 --> 03:16:12,500
by his own face, the window that
frames the world like a 

3510
03:16:12,508 --> 03:16:14,900
painting. 
You haven't started yet, then 

3511
03:16:14,900 --> 03:16:18,300
you open the door and step into 
the morning, ready to do what, 

3512
03:16:18,300 --> 03:16:20,700
you've always done. 
Look at ordinary things. 

3513
03:16:20,700 --> 03:16:24,000
Until they become extraordinary.
Then try to capture that 

3514
03:16:24,000 --> 03:16:27,200
transformation on canvas before 
the magic evaporates. 

3515
03:16:27,200 --> 03:16:30,000
It's not a mystical process. 
It's work. 

3516
03:16:30,000 --> 03:16:32,800
It's practice. 
It's, what happens when you show

3517
03:16:32,800 --> 03:16:36,300
up every single day, even when 
you don't feel like it. 

3518
03:16:36,300 --> 03:16:39,200
Even when the previous days, 
painting was terrible. 

3519
03:16:39,200 --> 03:16:42,800
Even when nobody's buying and 
nobody's watching and nobody 

3520
03:16:42,800 --> 03:16:45,900
particularly cares. 
The street outside smells like 

3521
03:16:45,900 --> 03:16:49,100
horse manure and flowering, 
Jasmine, an oddly Pleasant 

3522
03:16:49,100 --> 03:16:52,700
combination, that you've come to
associate with purpose, you turn

3523
03:16:52,708 --> 03:16:56,200
left toward the fields, toward 
the light, Toward whatever today

3524
03:16:56,200 --> 03:16:58,200
will show you if your patient 
enough to see it. 

3525
03:16:59,100 --> 03:17:02,800
The walk to your painting spot 
isn't exercise, its education. 

3526
03:17:02,800 --> 03:17:05,700
You've covered this route 
doesn't have times but it's 

3527
03:17:05,700 --> 03:17:08,900
never the same twice because 
light is never the same twice 

3528
03:17:08,900 --> 03:17:12,900
and like changes everything at 
touches today. 

3529
03:17:12,900 --> 03:17:16,100
The morning sun Slants from the 
East, turning the Yellowstone 

3530
03:17:16,100 --> 03:17:20,100
buildings into blocks of butter.
Shadows pool in doorways. 

3531
03:17:20,100 --> 03:17:22,700
Like spilling. 
You notice these things the way 

3532
03:17:22,700 --> 03:17:27,700
a musician notices pitch 
automatically constantly unable 

3533
03:17:27,700 --> 03:17:31,400
to turn it off even if you want 
it to Your pace is steady but 

3534
03:17:31,400 --> 03:17:34,200
not hurried. 
Hurrying, makes you miss things.

3535
03:17:34,200 --> 03:17:37,200
You learn this years ago. 
When you were trying to be a 

3536
03:17:37,200 --> 03:17:40,400
minister rushing between 
appointments and pastoral visits

3537
03:17:40,400 --> 03:17:43,500
and realized you were moving 
through the world without 

3538
03:17:43,500 --> 03:17:47,100
actually seeing it now. 
You move deliberately your eyes 

3539
03:17:47,100 --> 03:17:50,800
scanning left to right up and 
down, taking in the whole visual

3540
03:17:50,800 --> 03:17:53,100
field. 
Like a camera with an impossibly

3541
03:17:53,100 --> 03:17:56,500
wide lens. 
An old woman sits on a low 

3542
03:17:56,500 --> 03:18:00,200
stool, outside her house peeling
potatoes into a tin base and 

3543
03:18:00,200 --> 03:18:03,400
hands move with the efficiency 
of someone whose performed this 

3544
03:18:03,400 --> 03:18:07,600
task 10,000 times. 
Potato skins fall in Long, 

3545
03:18:07,600 --> 03:18:11,500
spirals Brown and cream. 
You note the curve of her back, 

3546
03:18:11,500 --> 03:18:14,600
the angle of a wrists and the 
way the light catches, the blade

3547
03:18:14,600 --> 03:18:17,000
of a knife, you don't stop to 
sketch. 

3548
03:18:17,000 --> 03:18:19,400
Her stopping would make a 
self-conscious and would change 

3549
03:18:19,400 --> 03:18:22,300
the naturalness of the scene, 
but you file away the image 

3550
03:18:22,300 --> 03:18:26,700
later, maybe next week, maybe 
next year, a painting will need 

3551
03:18:26,700 --> 03:18:30,200
an old woman's hands, and you'll
remember these hands the 

3552
03:18:30,200 --> 03:18:32,100
streets, narrow. 
As you leave the Town Center, 

3553
03:18:32,100 --> 03:18:35,700
the buildings, lean toward each 
other overhead, creating a ton 

3554
03:18:35,708 --> 03:18:38,600
of Shade that's 10 degrees 
cooler than the sunny patches, 

3555
03:18:38,600 --> 03:18:41,700
your boots. 
Those perpetually muddy boots, 

3556
03:18:41,700 --> 03:18:45,100
click against the cobblestones 
with a rhythm, that's almost 

3557
03:18:45,100 --> 03:18:47,100
musical. 
Click click click, click. 

3558
03:18:47,100 --> 03:18:50,200
Click like a metronome, keeping 
time for a very slow song. 

3559
03:18:50,200 --> 03:18:52,900
You pass. 
The blacksmith shop already hot 

3560
03:18:52,900 --> 03:18:56,700
to despite the early hour The 
Smith himself a man with four 

3561
03:18:56,700 --> 03:18:58,300
arms. 
Like hams is working the 

3562
03:18:58,300 --> 03:19:01,700
bellows. 
The forge glows, orange red and 

3563
03:19:01,700 --> 03:19:04,600
you paused, despite yourself 
because that particular quality 

3564
03:19:04,600 --> 03:19:10,000
of light, incandescent dangerous
alive is one of the hardest 

3565
03:19:10,000 --> 03:19:13,200
things to capture on canvas. 
How do you paint light? 

3566
03:19:13,200 --> 03:19:15,600
That's all so heat. 
How do you make a viewer? 

3567
03:19:15,600 --> 03:19:17,800
Feel warmth through a cold layer
of paint. 

3568
03:19:18,600 --> 03:19:21,100
These are the questions that 
wake you at 3 in the morning and

3569
03:19:21,100 --> 03:19:23,000
refused to let you return to 
sleep. 

3570
03:19:24,100 --> 03:19:26,500
Smith nods at you. 
You nod back. 

3571
03:19:26,500 --> 03:19:30,600
He thinks you're odd. 
You can tell everyone thinks 

3572
03:19:30,600 --> 03:19:33,900
you're odd You've heard The 
Whispers seen the side, long 

3573
03:19:33,900 --> 03:19:37,400
glances, the crazy Dutch 
painter, who stares at things 

3574
03:19:37,400 --> 03:19:41,600
too long, who talks to himself 
while working who once cut off 

3575
03:19:41,600 --> 03:19:44,400
part of his own ear during a 
crisis, you still can't fully 

3576
03:19:44,400 --> 03:19:46,000
explain. 
Even to yourself. 

3577
03:19:46,800 --> 03:19:50,700
But the Smith is polite and 
politeness is enough, you don't 

3578
03:19:50,700 --> 03:19:54,200
need friendship from everyone, 
you meet, you need light, and 

3579
03:19:54,200 --> 03:19:56,900
form and color. 
And those things don't care if 

3580
03:19:56,900 --> 03:20:01,000
your popular Beyond The Smith's 
shop, the building start to thin

3581
03:20:01,000 --> 03:20:02,900
out. 
Garden's appear. 

3582
03:20:02,900 --> 03:20:06,700
Then small plots of vegetables, 
then Open Fields stretching 

3583
03:20:06,700 --> 03:20:09,900
toward the Horizon. 
This is where your heading to 

3584
03:20:09,900 --> 03:20:13,300
the edge of civilization, where 
human Arrangement gives way to 

3585
03:20:13,300 --> 03:20:16,200
Natural chaos. 
You've always felt more 

3586
03:20:16,200 --> 03:20:18,800
comfortable here in the 
transitional Zone's. 

3587
03:20:18,800 --> 03:20:22,900
Not quite Town, not quite 
Countryside, places where 

3588
03:20:22,900 --> 03:20:25,600
anything might happen where the 
rules are still being 

3589
03:20:25,600 --> 03:20:28,300
negotiated. 
The Earth Beneath Your Feet 

3590
03:20:28,300 --> 03:20:31,700
changes from Stone to packed. 
Dirt to soft to soil. 

3591
03:20:31,700 --> 03:20:35,100
You can feel the difference 
through your boot Souls the way 

3592
03:20:35,100 --> 03:20:36,900
a sailor. 
Feels the mood of the sea, 

3593
03:20:36,900 --> 03:20:40,800
through the deck of a ship. 
The ground here is red-orange 

3594
03:20:40,800 --> 03:20:43,900
and iron rich. 
The color of rust and clay and 

3595
03:20:43,900 --> 03:20:46,900
dried blood. 
It stains, everything it touches

3596
03:20:46,900 --> 03:20:50,600
your boots, your trouser, cuffs 
your hands. 

3597
03:20:50,600 --> 03:20:53,200
When you sit in the fields and 
stead yourself against the 

3598
03:20:53,200 --> 03:20:55,500
Earth. 
You've tried to mix this exact 

3599
03:20:55,500 --> 03:20:59,300
color in paint, burnt sienna 
with a touch of cadmium orange 

3600
03:20:59,300 --> 03:21:02,500
and maybe some raw umber, but 
you've never quite matched. 

3601
03:21:02,500 --> 03:21:06,600
It Nature's palette is always 
more complex than anything you 

3602
03:21:06,600 --> 03:21:10,400
can mix on your own. 
Birds wheel overhead dark shapes

3603
03:21:10,400 --> 03:21:13,100
against the brightening sky. 
Swallows. 

3604
03:21:13,100 --> 03:21:15,600
You think though, you're not 
particularly good at identifying

3605
03:21:15,600 --> 03:21:18,800
species. 
They move with such confidence. 

3606
03:21:18,800 --> 03:21:22,800
Such certainty of purpose. 
You envy them. 

3607
03:21:22,800 --> 03:21:26,500
This sometimes they never seem 
to doubt which direction to fly,

3608
03:21:26,500 --> 03:21:29,700
or whether they're flying 
matters, they simply fly because

3609
03:21:29,700 --> 03:21:31,600
flying is what they do. 
And that's enough. 

3610
03:21:32,600 --> 03:21:37,300
Feels open before you like a 
green and gold Sea weed, mostly 

3611
03:21:37,300 --> 03:21:39,500
with occasional interruptions of
poppies. 

3612
03:21:39,500 --> 03:21:43,100
Those shocking red, punctuation 
marks that make the whole 

3613
03:21:43,100 --> 03:21:46,400
landscape vibrate. 
You've painted poppies more 

3614
03:21:46,400 --> 03:21:49,600
times than you can count but you
still have not captured what 

3615
03:21:49,600 --> 03:21:54,200
they actually do to a field. 
They don't just add color, they 

3616
03:21:54,200 --> 03:21:58,200
add violents urgency and a kind 
of visual shouting that demands 

3617
03:21:58,200 --> 03:22:01,700
attention. 
Filled without poppies is a 

3618
03:22:01,700 --> 03:22:05,800
sentence without passion. 
A field with poppies is a 

3619
03:22:05,800 --> 03:22:07,900
sentence ending in an 
exclamation point. 

3620
03:22:07,900 --> 03:22:10,900
You walk along the edge of a 
wheat field, running your hand, 

3621
03:22:10,900 --> 03:22:14,600
through the tops of the grain. 
Stalks, they're dry and Whisper 

3622
03:22:14,600 --> 03:22:18,100
Soft, like the sound of Secrets 
being shared, the wheat is 

3623
03:22:18,100 --> 03:22:20,800
nearly ready for Harvest. 
You can tell by the weight of 

3624
03:22:20,808 --> 03:22:23,700
the seed heads and the way they 
bow toward Earth as if praying 

3625
03:22:23,700 --> 03:22:28,400
in a week, maybe two men will 
come with Sighs and reduce all 

3626
03:22:28,400 --> 03:22:31,000
this goal to stubble. 
The thought makes you walk 

3627
03:22:31,000 --> 03:22:33,700
faster. 
You need to paint this before it

3628
03:22:33,700 --> 03:22:35,200
disappears. 
Everything. 

3629
03:22:35,200 --> 03:22:38,200
Beautiful is temporary 
everything worth looking at will

3630
03:22:38,200 --> 03:22:41,000
eventually be gone. 
You'll painting spot today as a 

3631
03:22:41,000 --> 03:22:43,900
slight rise. 
Overlooking, the fields near a 

3632
03:22:43,900 --> 03:22:45,400
Twisted. 
Olive Tree that you've painted 

3633
03:22:45,400 --> 03:22:47,200
before, but never quite 
captured. 

3634
03:22:48,100 --> 03:22:50,800
Tree has character. 
That's the only way to describe 

3635
03:22:50,800 --> 03:22:53,000
it. 
It's been shaped by wind and 

3636
03:22:53,000 --> 03:22:56,500
drought and time into something 
that looks half dead but refuses

3637
03:22:56,500 --> 03:22:58,700
to give up. 
Gray, green leaves. 

3638
03:22:58,700 --> 03:23:01,900
Shimmer in the breeze. 
The trunk is nulled like an 

3639
03:23:01,900 --> 03:23:05,600
arthritic hand. 
Love this tree, you love it the 

3640
03:23:05,600 --> 03:23:08,900
way you love your brother, Theo 
uncomplicated and deep and 

3641
03:23:08,900 --> 03:23:12,300
without needing reasons. 
You sat down your canvas and 

3642
03:23:12,300 --> 03:23:15,800
painting supplies, arranging 
them with the care of a surgeon 

3643
03:23:15,800 --> 03:23:19,100
preparing instruments. 
The easel goes here, facing 

3644
03:23:19,100 --> 03:23:20,700
Northeast to catch the changing 
light. 

3645
03:23:21,600 --> 03:23:24,600
The canvas, a rough weave. 
You stretch yourself because 

3646
03:23:24,600 --> 03:23:26,100
professional stretching costs 
money. 

3647
03:23:26,100 --> 03:23:30,100
You don't have Fits onto the 
easel with a satisfying, click 

3648
03:23:30,100 --> 03:23:33,200
your paintbox opens, like a 
small Treasure Chest. 

3649
03:23:33,200 --> 03:23:37,500
Revealing tubes, squeezed flat. 
At the bottom colors are by 

3650
03:23:37,500 --> 03:23:40,900
temperature, cools. 
On the left, warms on the right,

3651
03:23:40,900 --> 03:23:44,200
your palate. 
A rectangular board, warned 

3652
03:23:44,200 --> 03:23:47,900
smooth and stained with 100 
previous paintings rests on your

3653
03:23:47,900 --> 03:23:49,800
left. 
Forearm brushes. 

3654
03:23:49,800 --> 03:23:53,700
Go in your right hand, a cluster
of bristles like a small bouquet

3655
03:23:54,600 --> 03:23:58,200
But before you start painting, 
you sit this is important. 

3656
03:23:59,200 --> 03:24:02,100
You've learned that beginning to
quickly produces work, that's 

3657
03:24:02,100 --> 03:24:05,800
enthusiastic but superficial you
need to let the place settle in 

3658
03:24:05,800 --> 03:24:07,800
to you. 
You need to let your eyes 

3659
03:24:07,800 --> 03:24:11,300
adjust, not just to the light, 
but to the specific personality 

3660
03:24:11,300 --> 03:24:15,600
of this particular morning every
day has its own character, its 

3661
03:24:15,600 --> 03:24:18,600
own mood. 
Today, feels contemplative. 

3662
03:24:18,600 --> 03:24:23,600
The light is soft. 
Shadows, gentle a day, for 

3663
03:24:23,600 --> 03:24:26,200
careful observation rather than 
dramatic gesture. 

3664
03:24:27,100 --> 03:24:30,800
You watch the wheat moving waves
responding to breezes, you can't

3665
03:24:30,800 --> 03:24:35,100
feel from this distance, the 
motion is Hypnotic and calming, 

3666
03:24:35,100 --> 03:24:39,800
you let your mind empty becoming
nothing but a pair of eyes, a 

3667
03:24:39,800 --> 03:24:41,800
recording device for the world's
visual information. 

3668
03:24:42,800 --> 03:24:46,200
This is the closest you come to 
meditation, though, you'd never 

3669
03:24:46,200 --> 03:24:50,500
call it that. 
Simply looking looking until you

3670
03:24:50,500 --> 03:24:54,300
see a farmer appears in the 
middle distance, a dark figure 

3671
03:24:54,300 --> 03:24:57,200
against the gold, he's examining
something in the field. 

3672
03:24:57,200 --> 03:25:01,300
Bending down, straightening up 
moving in, that slow, considered

3673
03:25:01,300 --> 03:25:04,400
way, that farmers, have people 
who know that rushing 

3674
03:25:04,400 --> 03:25:07,600
accomplishes, nothing the crops 
grow on their own schedule, 

3675
03:25:07,600 --> 03:25:11,000
regardless of human impatience. 
You're watching for 10 minutes, 

3676
03:25:11,000 --> 03:25:14,700
15 memorizing, the shape. 
He makes the way his body 

3677
03:25:14,700 --> 03:25:16,600
relates to the landscape around 
him. 

3678
03:25:16,600 --> 03:25:19,900
You won't paint him today. 
He'll be gone before your ready.

3679
03:25:19,900 --> 03:25:23,200
But you'll remember him. 
He'll appear in some future, 

3680
03:25:23,200 --> 03:25:25,900
painting. 
A tiny figure giving scaled to 

3681
03:25:25,908 --> 03:25:29,400
an endless field. 
A human presence making nature 

3682
03:25:29,400 --> 03:25:32,700
comprehensive The farmer 
straightens one. 

3683
03:25:32,700 --> 03:25:37,100
Final time then walks away 
disappearing behind a distant 

3684
03:25:37,100 --> 03:25:39,600
line of trees. 
You're alone again with the 

3685
03:25:39,600 --> 03:25:42,600
fields and the sky and the tree 
that refuses to die. 

3686
03:25:43,400 --> 03:25:46,200
The light is shifted slightly in
the time you've been sitting. 

3687
03:25:46,200 --> 03:25:50,300
What was gentle is becoming 
assertive, the Shadows are 

3688
03:25:50,300 --> 03:25:52,200
sharper. 
The colors are warmer. 

3689
03:25:52,200 --> 03:25:54,900
It's time to begin. 
You stand. 

3690
03:25:54,900 --> 03:25:59,400
Feeling your knees crack again. 
Then you pick up a brush, load 

3691
03:25:59,400 --> 03:26:02,500
it with thinned paint and make 
the first mark on the canvas. 

3692
03:26:03,500 --> 03:26:05,900
A single line defining the 
Horizon. 

3693
03:26:05,900 --> 03:26:09,800
It's a small gesture barely 
noticeable but it's everything. 

3694
03:26:10,900 --> 03:26:14,400
It's the moment when possibility
becomes actuality when the blank

3695
03:26:14,400 --> 03:26:17,500
canvas stops being frightening 
and becomes, simply a problem to

3696
03:26:17,500 --> 03:26:21,800
solve you've begun the rest will
follow because the rest always 

3697
03:26:21,800 --> 03:26:25,300
follows, you just have to keep 
going one brush stroke after 

3698
03:26:25,300 --> 03:26:28,700
another until the day runs out 
or the painting is finished, 

3699
03:26:28,700 --> 03:26:32,700
whichever comes first. 
First hour of painting is always

3700
03:26:32,700 --> 03:26:36,200
a conversation with doubt. 
Your hand moves automatically 

3701
03:26:36,200 --> 03:26:41,000
blocking in the major shapes sky
here, filled their tree in the 

3702
03:26:41,000 --> 03:26:43,500
middle distance but your mind 
questions. 

3703
03:26:43,500 --> 03:26:47,500
Everything. 
Is the horizon line too high too

3704
03:26:47,500 --> 03:26:49,600
low. 
Should the wheat be more yellow 

3705
03:26:49,600 --> 03:26:52,200
or more gold? 
Does that olive tree look like 

3706
03:26:52,200 --> 03:26:54,000
an olive tree or like a child 
scribble? 

3707
03:26:54,500 --> 03:26:57,100
These questions don't paralyze 
you anymore, but they're always 

3708
03:26:57,100 --> 03:27:00,200
present like a background hum. 
You've learned to work through. 

3709
03:27:00,200 --> 03:27:03,100
You paint standing up. 
Always standing. 

3710
03:27:03,800 --> 03:27:06,800
You tried painting seated once 
years ago and found it made you 

3711
03:27:06,808 --> 03:27:10,400
timid Something about being at 
eye level with the canvas. 

3712
03:27:10,400 --> 03:27:12,600
Gave you permission to be too 
careful, too. 

3713
03:27:12,600 --> 03:27:16,800
Precious standing forces you to 
engage physically, your whole 

3714
03:27:16,800 --> 03:27:20,500
body participates Lakes for 
balance core for stability, 

3715
03:27:20,500 --> 03:27:24,700
shoulders for large gestures and
wrists for fine control. 

3716
03:27:25,900 --> 03:27:27,700
Painting isn't just a hand 
activity. 

3717
03:27:27,700 --> 03:27:31,300
It's a full body commitment to 
transferring what you see, onto 

3718
03:27:31,300 --> 03:27:33,500
a surface that will never fully 
cooperate. 

3719
03:27:34,700 --> 03:27:36,900
The paint goes on in layers 
though. 

3720
03:27:36,900 --> 03:27:39,800
Not the neat, patient layers 
that academic painters. 

3721
03:27:39,800 --> 03:27:44,000
Use your layers are messy urgent
and built up quickly. 

3722
03:27:44,000 --> 03:27:47,400
While the light still holds its 
current quality, you've learned 

3723
03:27:47,400 --> 03:27:49,700
that light moves faster than 
paint dries. 

3724
03:27:49,700 --> 03:27:53,200
So you work wet on, wet colors, 
bleeding into each other, on the

3725
03:27:53,200 --> 03:27:55,400
canvas, the same way they blend 
in nature. 

3726
03:27:55,400 --> 03:27:58,800
This technique frustrates, our 
teachers who want clean edges 

3727
03:27:58,800 --> 03:28:01,800
and proper procedures, but those
teachers aren't here in the 

3728
03:28:01,808 --> 03:28:03,300
field. 
Watching how yellow wheat 

3729
03:28:03,300 --> 03:28:06,600
transitions to blue shadow 
nature, doesn't have clean 

3730
03:28:06,600 --> 03:28:08,700
edges. 
Nature is all transition. 

3731
03:28:08,700 --> 03:28:11,700
All great nation. 
All one thing, becoming another 

3732
03:28:11,700 --> 03:28:14,300
thing. 
Your brushwork is distinctive 

3733
03:28:14,300 --> 03:28:17,300
though, you don't think about 
it, while working. short 

3734
03:28:17,300 --> 03:28:20,500
directional Strokes, that follow
the form of whatever your 

3735
03:28:20,500 --> 03:28:24,400
painting, the wheat grows 
upward, so your brush Strokes 

3736
03:28:24,400 --> 03:28:27,800
grow upward, the wind moves 
right toward so your 

3737
03:28:27,800 --> 03:28:31,500
brushstrokes lean right toward 
People who see your paintings. 

3738
03:28:31,500 --> 03:28:35,400
Sometimes comment on how visible
the brush work is how they can 

3739
03:28:35,400 --> 03:28:39,000
see each individual Mark. 
You made this bothers the more 

3740
03:28:39,000 --> 03:28:41,700
than it bothers you. 
You're not trying to hide your 

3741
03:28:41,700 --> 03:28:43,600
process. 
You're not trying to create a 

3742
03:28:43,600 --> 03:28:47,000
smooth photographic illusion, 
you're trying to capture the 

3743
03:28:47,000 --> 03:28:50,400
energy of seeing itself. 
The way the eye moves to cross a

3744
03:28:50,400 --> 03:28:52,000
scene. 
Constantly collecting 

3745
03:28:52,000 --> 03:28:56,800
information constantly in motion
The Morning Light strengthens 

3746
03:28:56,800 --> 03:29:01,700
and with it comes Heat by 10:00.
Sweat is running down your 

3747
03:29:01,700 --> 03:29:04,200
temples. 
Mixing with the inevitable paint

3748
03:29:04,200 --> 03:29:06,300
smudges on your face. 
You don't notice. 

3749
03:29:07,100 --> 03:29:09,900
When you're painting your body 
becomes, secondary just the 

3750
03:29:09,900 --> 03:29:14,200
mechanism, that moves the 
brushes hunger, thirst, physical

3751
03:29:14,200 --> 03:29:17,400
discomfort. 
These things registered dimly 

3752
03:29:17,400 --> 03:29:19,500
like news from a distant 
country. 

3753
03:29:19,500 --> 03:29:21,200
You're not particularly 
interested in. 

3754
03:29:22,000 --> 03:29:25,000
You'll deal with your body's 
needs later right now, there's 

3755
03:29:25,000 --> 03:29:28,200
only the canvas and the field 
and the gradually narrowing gap 

3756
03:29:28,200 --> 03:29:29,900
between what you see and what 
you're making. 

3757
03:29:30,700 --> 03:29:33,300
You step back periodically to 
assess your progress. 

3758
03:29:33,300 --> 03:29:37,000
This is crucial working too 
close for too long. 

3759
03:29:37,000 --> 03:29:39,000
Produces paintings at fall 
apart. 

3760
03:29:39,000 --> 03:29:40,500
When viewed from a normal 
distance. 

3761
03:29:41,700 --> 03:29:44,200
The stepping back is also 
dangerous because it allows 

3762
03:29:44,200 --> 03:29:47,000
doubt to creep in. 
From 6 feet away. 

3763
03:29:47,000 --> 03:29:51,700
Every mistake becomes obvious 
that Shadows to purple that 

3764
03:29:51,700 --> 03:29:54,900
highlight is too bright. 
The week looks flat and 

3765
03:29:54,900 --> 03:29:57,100
lifeless. 
The tree looks like it's 

3766
03:29:57,100 --> 03:29:59,300
floating rather than growing 
from Earth. 

3767
03:30:00,300 --> 03:30:03,400
He catalog these failures 
methodically then step forward 

3768
03:30:03,400 --> 03:30:07,200
again and start correcting them.
This is the work not the 

3769
03:30:07,200 --> 03:30:09,700
inspired moments but the patient
revision. 

3770
03:30:10,400 --> 03:30:15,500
Making mistakes, recognizing 
them, fixing them over and over 

3771
03:30:15,500 --> 03:30:17,800
until the painting is either 
finished or ruined which 

3772
03:30:17,800 --> 03:30:21,700
sometimes amounts to the same 
thing around noon, you permit 

3773
03:30:21,700 --> 03:30:24,500
yourself a break. 
You set down your brushes and 

3774
03:30:24,500 --> 03:30:26,200
sit in the shade of the Olive 
Tree. 

3775
03:30:26,200 --> 03:30:30,300
You've been painting, your legs 
are stiff from standing your 

3776
03:30:30,300 --> 03:30:33,200
right shoulder aches. 
From holding the palate, your 

3777
03:30:33,200 --> 03:30:34,700
eyes are tired from the bright 
light. 

3778
03:30:34,700 --> 03:30:39,100
These are good pains earned 
pains they mean you've worked 

3779
03:30:39,100 --> 03:30:43,300
really worked, not just dabbled 
lunches, whatever you brought 

3780
03:30:43,300 --> 03:30:47,200
from the room today and apple 
and more of that terrible bread,

3781
03:30:47,200 --> 03:30:50,600
you eat slowly not because the 
food is good, but because 

3782
03:30:50,600 --> 03:30:54,100
slowing down is necessary. 
Your mind is still moving at 

3783
03:30:54,100 --> 03:30:57,200
painting speed processing, 
colors and shapes and 

3784
03:30:57,200 --> 03:30:59,800
relationships. 
You need to let it settle. 

3785
03:30:59,800 --> 03:31:03,800
You need to let your eyes rest. 
So you sit and chew and watch 

3786
03:31:03,800 --> 03:31:06,800
the field from the perspective 
of idleness, rather than 

3787
03:31:06,800 --> 03:31:09,700
purpose. 
The field doesn't care whether 

3788
03:31:09,700 --> 03:31:13,000
your painting it or not. 
It's beautiful regardless of 

3789
03:31:13,000 --> 03:31:15,700
your attention. 
This is a comforting thought, 

3790
03:31:15,700 --> 03:31:18,000
the world doesn't need you to 
paint it. 

3791
03:31:18,000 --> 03:31:21,900
The world is fine on its own you
paint because you need to not 

3792
03:31:21,900 --> 03:31:25,600
because the world requires it. 
A lizard emerges from beneath a 

3793
03:31:25,600 --> 03:31:29,200
nearby Rock freezes for a moment
in that peculiar lizard weigh 

3794
03:31:29,200 --> 03:31:33,000
utterly still as if playing a 
game of hide and seek with 

3795
03:31:33,000 --> 03:31:36,000
death, then Darts Away in a blur
of green. 

3796
03:31:36,000 --> 03:31:40,200
You smile quick movements are 
almost impossible to paint 

3797
03:31:40,200 --> 03:31:42,300
because there are over before 
you can analyze them, 

3798
03:31:42,300 --> 03:31:46,000
photography is better at 
capturing speed, but photography

3799
03:31:46,000 --> 03:31:49,300
misses everything else. 
The way to the are the quality 

3800
03:31:49,300 --> 03:31:52,300
of the light and the emotional 
Resonance of a moment, you'll 

3801
03:31:52,300 --> 03:31:55,000
take the limitations of painting
over the limitations of 

3802
03:31:55,000 --> 03:31:57,900
Photography. 
Any day after eating, you don't 

3803
03:31:57,900 --> 03:32:02,100
immediately resume painting. 
Instead, you take out your small

3804
03:32:02,100 --> 03:32:05,900
Sketchbook and the graphite stub
painting as for color and light.

3805
03:32:05,900 --> 03:32:09,400
But sketching is for 
understanding structure, you 

3806
03:32:09,400 --> 03:32:13,200
draw the Olive Tree quickly, 
Loosely not trying for accuracy,

3807
03:32:13,200 --> 03:32:17,300
but trying to feel How the tree 
grows how its branches relate to

3808
03:32:17,300 --> 03:32:21,100
its trunk and how the whole 
thing balances despite appearing

3809
03:32:21,100 --> 03:32:26,300
ready to topple over. 
Drawing is thinking drawing is 

3810
03:32:26,300 --> 03:32:29,500
learning to see. 
You feel two pages with versions

3811
03:32:29,500 --> 03:32:31,400
of the tree. 
Each one slightly different, 

3812
03:32:31,400 --> 03:32:35,000
each one teaching you something 
new about how gnarled would 

3813
03:32:35,000 --> 03:32:37,100
occupy space. 
The afternoon. 

3814
03:32:37,100 --> 03:32:38,400
Light is different from the 
Morning. 

3815
03:32:38,400 --> 03:32:43,700
Light, harsher, less forgiving. 
Shadows shrink into the cells 

3816
03:32:43,700 --> 03:32:46,900
colors. 
Bleach out slightly as if the 

3817
03:32:46,900 --> 03:32:50,200
Sun is a kind of acid eating 
away at saturation. 

3818
03:32:50,200 --> 03:32:53,900
You return to the canvas with 
this awareness, adjusting your 

3819
03:32:53,900 --> 03:32:57,300
palate, adding more white to 
your mixtures and cooling, the 

3820
03:32:57,300 --> 03:33:00,600
yellow slightly. 
Every hour of the day requires 

3821
03:33:00,600 --> 03:33:03,500
different colors. 
This is why painting Outdoors is

3822
03:33:03,500 --> 03:33:05,900
both harder and more honest than
painting in a studio. 

3823
03:33:06,800 --> 03:33:11,500
The studio light stays constant 
nature, never stays still your 

3824
03:33:11,500 --> 03:33:14,300
back is hurting. 
Now a dull ache between your 

3825
03:33:14,300 --> 03:33:16,800
shoulder blades from the 
prolonged standing and reaching 

3826
03:33:16,800 --> 03:33:20,900
you ignore it. 
Pain is just information and 

3827
03:33:20,900 --> 03:33:23,000
this particular information 
isn't urgent. 

3828
03:33:23,900 --> 03:33:26,400
Worked through worse through 
cold rain. 

3829
03:33:26,400 --> 03:33:29,500
That numbs your fingers through 
headaches that made your vision 

3830
03:33:29,500 --> 03:33:32,400
blur through days, when 
depression, sat on your 

3831
03:33:32,408 --> 03:33:33,800
shoulders, like a physical 
weight. 

3832
03:33:34,800 --> 03:33:38,800
This is just a back ache, this 
is nothing by mid-afternoon. 

3833
03:33:38,800 --> 03:33:41,700
The painting has reached that 
critical stage where it could 

3834
03:33:41,700 --> 03:33:44,200
go. 
Either way is either about to 

3835
03:33:44,200 --> 03:33:46,200
come together or about to fall 
apart. 

3836
03:33:47,000 --> 03:33:50,400
You've been here hundreds of 
times before and it never gets 

3837
03:33:50,400 --> 03:33:53,800
less nerve-wracking. 
The Temptation is to overwork it

3838
03:33:53,800 --> 03:33:57,000
to keep fussing with details, 
until you've killed whatever 

3839
03:33:57,000 --> 03:34:00,200
life, the painting had But 
you've also learned that 

3840
03:34:00,200 --> 03:34:02,300
stopping too soon. 
Leaves it unfinished, 

3841
03:34:02,300 --> 03:34:06,600
incomplete, trick is knowing 
when to push and when to step 

3842
03:34:06,600 --> 03:34:09,900
away, This knowledge doesn't 
come from Rules. 

3843
03:34:09,900 --> 03:34:13,800
It comes from failure from 
ruining enough paintings that 

3844
03:34:13,800 --> 03:34:15,900
you start to recognize the 
warning signs. 

3845
03:34:15,900 --> 03:34:20,100
You work more carefully now with
smaller brushes and more precise

3846
03:34:20,100 --> 03:34:24,100
touches a highlight on a wheat, 
stalk here, a deeper Shadow 

3847
03:34:24,100 --> 03:34:27,500
under the tree there. 
A few Strokes to suggest distant

3848
03:34:27,500 --> 03:34:29,600
mountains purple against the 
Blue Sky. 

3849
03:34:29,600 --> 03:34:34,400
Each addition is a small risk. 
Each Mark could be the one that 

3850
03:34:34,400 --> 03:34:37,500
pushes the painting from almost 
good to actually good or from, 

3851
03:34:37,500 --> 03:34:40,900
almost good to ruined. 
You try not to think about this.

3852
03:34:40,900 --> 03:34:43,300
While working thinking, makes 
you tentative. 

3853
03:34:43,300 --> 03:34:45,500
You need to stay loose and 
confident. 

3854
03:34:45,500 --> 03:34:49,400
Even when you're not feeling 
confident at all, the sun is 

3855
03:34:49,400 --> 03:34:51,200
starting. 
Its descent toward the Horizon. 

3856
03:34:51,200 --> 03:34:54,400
When you finally set down your 
brushes, the painting isn't 

3857
03:34:54,400 --> 03:34:56,700
finished. 
Your paintings are never really 

3858
03:34:56,700 --> 03:34:58,700
finished but it's done for 
today. 

3859
03:34:59,700 --> 03:35:01,800
The light has changed too much 
to continue. 

3860
03:35:01,800 --> 03:35:06,200
What you are seeing three hours 
ago, no longer exists tomorrow, 

3861
03:35:06,200 --> 03:35:08,900
we'll bring different light 
different colors and different 

3862
03:35:08,900 --> 03:35:12,000
challenges, you'll return. 
Then if the weather holds and 

3863
03:35:12,000 --> 03:35:15,100
continue the conversation with 
the canvas, you clean your 

3864
03:35:15,100 --> 03:35:18,500
brushes methodically, wiping 
them on a rag until most of the 

3865
03:35:18,500 --> 03:35:21,900
painters removed then dipping 
them in turpentine and working 

3866
03:35:21,900 --> 03:35:26,700
the bristles against your palm. 
This is meditative work calming 

3867
03:35:26,700 --> 03:35:30,400
after the intensity of painting 
your brushes are your tools and 

3868
03:35:30,400 --> 03:35:34,100
tools need respect a brush 
properly cared for will last 

3869
03:35:34,100 --> 03:35:37,000
years. 
A neglected brush dies in 

3870
03:35:37,000 --> 03:35:39,500
months. 
You can't afford to replace 

3871
03:35:39,500 --> 03:35:41,800
brushes off often. 
So you treat them like the 

3872
03:35:41,800 --> 03:35:44,900
valuable instruments. 
They are the walk back to town 

3873
03:35:44,900 --> 03:35:48,400
is slower than the morning walk.
Your body is tired now, 

3874
03:35:48,400 --> 03:35:51,200
genuinely tired, rather than 
just stiff. 

3875
03:35:52,000 --> 03:35:54,300
Your eyes ache from squinting in
the bright light. 

3876
03:35:54,300 --> 03:35:57,600
Your hands are covered in paint.
Despite your best efforts, 

3877
03:35:57,600 --> 03:36:01,500
emerald green under your nails. 
Yellow okra on your knuckles and

3878
03:36:01,500 --> 03:36:04,900
Crimson Lake on your wrists. 
You look like you've been in a 

3879
03:36:04,900 --> 03:36:08,400
fight with a rainbow, this 
pleases you more than it should.

3880
03:36:08,400 --> 03:36:10,700
The town is busier in the late 
afternoon. 

3881
03:36:10,700 --> 03:36:14,500
People finishing workshops 
closing children playing in the 

3882
03:36:14,500 --> 03:36:16,800
streets. 
You move through this activity 

3883
03:36:16,800 --> 03:36:20,600
like a ghost present but 
separate, you'll still half in 

3884
03:36:20,600 --> 03:36:23,600
the field. 
Half in the painting, not quite 

3885
03:36:23,600 --> 03:36:29,000
ready to be fully human again. 
This transition takes time you 

3886
03:36:29,000 --> 03:36:33,000
learned years ago, not to rush 
it, not to try to snap back into

3887
03:36:33,000 --> 03:36:35,900
social normalcy. 
Immediately, after hours of 

3888
03:36:35,900 --> 03:36:40,400
solitary Focus, your mind needs 
to decompress to remember how to

3889
03:36:40,400 --> 03:36:43,000
exist in a world of words rather
than colors. 

3890
03:36:43,800 --> 03:36:47,600
By the time you reach your room,
duskers Gathering, the sky has 

3891
03:36:47,600 --> 03:36:51,100
turned that particular shade of 
violet blue that only exists for

3892
03:36:51,100 --> 03:36:53,400
about 20 minutes, each evening a
color. 

3893
03:36:53,400 --> 03:36:56,400
So fleeting and perfect that 
you're always tempted to run 

3894
03:36:56,400 --> 03:36:58,300
back outside and try to capture 
it. 

3895
03:36:59,300 --> 03:37:02,200
But your body won't cooperate. 
You're done for the day 

3896
03:37:02,200 --> 03:37:03,900
tomorrow. 
Is for that color. 

3897
03:37:03,900 --> 03:37:06,600
Tomorrow's for everything you 
didn't finish today. 

3898
03:37:07,400 --> 03:37:10,900
Your room feel smaller after a 
day Outdoors, the walls closer 

3899
03:37:10,900 --> 03:37:13,500
and the ceiling lower. 
You like the oil? 

3900
03:37:13,500 --> 03:37:16,800
Lamp carefully because oil cost 
money and must be rational. 

3901
03:37:16,800 --> 03:37:21,600
And it's warm glow, pushes back 
the encroaching Darkness, The 

3902
03:37:21,600 --> 03:37:25,400
light is different from daylight
softer and more gold and turning

3903
03:37:25,400 --> 03:37:28,600
everything it touches slightly 
Amber you've painted by 

3904
03:37:28,600 --> 03:37:31,400
Lamplight before though. 
You prefer natural light. 

3905
03:37:32,200 --> 03:37:34,500
Lamplight. 
Flattens thing and remove the 

3906
03:37:34,500 --> 03:37:37,100
subtle gray Nations that make 
forms feel solid. 

3907
03:37:37,100 --> 03:37:40,200
You poor water from the pitcher 
into the base and wash your 

3908
03:37:40,200 --> 03:37:42,800
hands watching. 
The paint, dissolve and swirl 

3909
03:37:42,800 --> 03:37:45,100
and greens and yellows and 
blues. 

3910
03:37:45,100 --> 03:37:48,900
Creating temporary abstract 
patterns before Vanishing down 

3911
03:37:48,900 --> 03:37:52,800
the drain. 
The water turns gray then murky.

3912
03:37:52,800 --> 03:37:56,900
Brown you scrub your nails with 
a small brush, dig paint from 

3913
03:37:56,900 --> 03:38:00,300
beneath them and rinse. 
Again, your hands never come 

3914
03:38:00,300 --> 03:38:03,800
completely clean anymore. 
There's always paint somewhere 

3915
03:38:03,800 --> 03:38:07,300
in the creases of your knuckles.
Around the beds of your nails. 

3916
03:38:07,300 --> 03:38:09,500
Staining the calluses on your 
palms. 

3917
03:38:09,500 --> 03:38:13,300
You've accepted this artist 
hands are meant to carry 

3918
03:38:13,300 --> 03:38:16,400
evidence of their work. 
Dinner is simple, because dinner

3919
03:38:16,400 --> 03:38:19,300
is always simple. 
Tonight is from the cafe 

3920
03:38:19,300 --> 03:38:23,500
downstairs vegetable, probably 
with chunks of bread for 

3921
03:38:23,500 --> 03:38:28,000
dipping. 
The cafe owner Madame gue knows 

3922
03:38:28,000 --> 03:38:30,800
your financial situation without
you having to explain it. 

3923
03:38:30,800 --> 03:38:34,800
She charges you less than she 
should and occasionally the soup

3924
03:38:34,800 --> 03:38:37,600
is thicker than it ought to be 
with extra vegetables that were 

3925
03:38:37,600 --> 03:38:40,900
on the menu, you've painted her 
portrait twice as partial 

3926
03:38:40,900 --> 03:38:45,300
payment, She hung in the cafe. 
The other she keeps in her 

3927
03:38:45,300 --> 03:38:48,100
private rooms, which feels like 
a greater compliment than money 

3928
03:38:48,100 --> 03:38:50,700
could be. 
You eat at the small table by 

3929
03:38:50,700 --> 03:38:54,000
the window, watching the street 
below as Darkness, completes his

3930
03:38:54,000 --> 03:38:57,900
takeover of the Town shops of 
clothes shutters are being 

3931
03:38:57,900 --> 03:39:01,500
fastened. 
A few people hurry past heading 

3932
03:39:01,500 --> 03:39:04,300
home to families, and warm 
kitchens and conversations about

3933
03:39:04,300 --> 03:39:07,800
normal things. 
The weather the Harvest, the 

3934
03:39:07,800 --> 03:39:10,300
neighbors new baby, you don't 
envy them. 

3935
03:39:10,300 --> 03:39:12,600
Exactly. 
But sometimes you wonder what 

3936
03:39:12,600 --> 03:39:15,800
that life feels like the life of
someone who isn't compelled to 

3937
03:39:15,800 --> 03:39:19,800
transform seeing into painting, 
who can simply look at a sunset 

3938
03:39:19,800 --> 03:39:21,700
without needing to analyze its 
colors. 

3939
03:39:21,700 --> 03:39:24,700
After eating, you clear the 
table and prepare for your 

3940
03:39:24,700 --> 03:39:27,700
second work session of the Day 
writing to Theo. 

3941
03:39:27,700 --> 03:39:31,400
Your brother, in Paris, your 
financial supporter, your 

3942
03:39:31,400 --> 03:39:35,400
friend, your anchor to sanity, 
you owe him more than money can 

3943
03:39:35,400 --> 03:39:37,600
repay. 
The least you can do is write 

3944
03:39:37,600 --> 03:39:41,200
regularly keeping him, informed 
of your progress, your 

3945
03:39:41,200 --> 03:39:44,800
struggles, and your small 
victories, these letters have 

3946
03:39:44,800 --> 03:39:48,100
become a kind of Journal, a way 
of processing, your thoughts 

3947
03:39:48,100 --> 03:39:51,300
about art and life and the 
impossible task of trying to be 

3948
03:39:51,300 --> 03:39:54,900
both. 
Your range paper pen and ink 

3949
03:39:54,900 --> 03:39:57,900
with the same care. 
You gave your painting supplies 

3950
03:39:57,900 --> 03:40:01,000
this morning. 
The paper is cheap, slightly 

3951
03:40:01,000 --> 03:40:03,700
rough but adequate, the pain is 
functional. 

3952
03:40:03,700 --> 03:40:06,800
The ink is black and ordinary 
but your handwriting gives it 

3953
03:40:06,800 --> 03:40:10,300
character. 
Quick, angular and urgent. 

3954
03:40:11,100 --> 03:40:14,900
You write the way you paint with
energy, rather than Elegance 

3955
03:40:14,900 --> 03:40:17,400
Theo has learned to decipher 
your script. 

3956
03:40:17,400 --> 03:40:20,300
Though, it takes effort, you've 
apologized for this. 

3957
03:40:20,300 --> 03:40:23,600
He's told you not to worry 
content matters, more than 

3958
03:40:23,608 --> 03:40:25,900
presentation. 
You begin. 

3959
03:40:25,900 --> 03:40:32,100
As always with dear Theo and 
then the words flow tonight. 

3960
03:40:32,100 --> 03:40:34,700
You write about the Wheatfield 
about the Olive Tree that 

3961
03:40:34,700 --> 03:40:38,200
defeats every attempt to capture
its essential character and 

3962
03:40:38,200 --> 03:40:41,300
about how the afternoon like 
changed the color of everything 

3963
03:40:41,300 --> 03:40:44,500
and required you to completely 
remix your palate. 

3964
03:40:44,500 --> 03:40:48,400
You write about practical 
matters, paint supplies, running

3965
03:40:48,400 --> 03:40:52,000
low, a new canvas. 
You need to stretch the rent you

3966
03:40:52,000 --> 03:40:55,500
at the end of the month, you 
write about doubt, about the 

3967
03:40:55,500 --> 03:40:59,100
fear that you are wasting his 
money, wasting his faith in you 

3968
03:40:59,100 --> 03:41:01,500
and producing work that nobody 
wants. 

3969
03:41:01,500 --> 03:41:05,200
And nobody will remember. 
But you also write about Hope 

3970
03:41:05,200 --> 03:41:08,300
about the moment this morning, 
when the light hit the wheat, 

3971
03:41:08,300 --> 03:41:11,200
just right? 
And you saw really saw how 

3972
03:41:11,200 --> 03:41:14,500
yellow and gold and green could 
exist in the same space, without

3973
03:41:14,500 --> 03:41:18,100
conflict about the joy of making
a brush stroke that captures 

3974
03:41:18,100 --> 03:41:21,600
exactly the curve of a tree 
branch about the conviction, 

3975
03:41:21,600 --> 03:41:25,000
stubborn and probably foolish 
that what you're doing matters 

3976
03:41:25,000 --> 03:41:28,500
that these paintings of fields 
and flowers and ordinary people 

3977
03:41:28,500 --> 03:41:31,900
will mean something. 
To someone someday the letters 

3978
03:41:31,900 --> 03:41:34,900
to Theo are the only place you 
allow yourself complete honesty,

3979
03:41:34,900 --> 03:41:39,000
with other people you perform 
normalcy or at least try to. 

3980
03:41:39,000 --> 03:41:42,000
But the only knows the full 
extent of your struggles. 

3981
03:41:42,000 --> 03:41:46,800
The mental crisis, the financial
desperation, the social 

3982
03:41:46,800 --> 03:41:51,900
isolation and the Relentless 
self-criticism, he knows and he 

3983
03:41:51,900 --> 03:41:55,000
supports you any way. 
This knowledge is, what keeps 

3984
03:41:55,000 --> 03:41:57,600
you going on the days when 
nothing seems worth continuing? 

3985
03:41:58,400 --> 03:42:00,100
You write for an hour, may be 
more. 

3986
03:42:01,000 --> 03:42:03,200
The lamp flickers occasionally 
threatening to die. 

3987
03:42:03,200 --> 03:42:07,300
But hold steady your hand cramps
slightly from gripping the pain 

3988
03:42:07,300 --> 03:42:11,800
but you ignore it there's still 
more to say Thoughts about color

3989
03:42:11,800 --> 03:42:15,600
theory, you've been developing 
observations about how peasants 

3990
03:42:15,600 --> 03:42:19,000
move through Landscapes and 
questions about painters in 

3991
03:42:19,000 --> 03:42:20,200
Paris and what they're working 
on. 

3992
03:42:20,200 --> 03:42:23,200
You're curious about the art 
world but also grateful to be 

3993
03:42:23,200 --> 03:42:26,300
removed from it. 
Competition makes you anxious 

3994
03:42:26,300 --> 03:42:29,100
other painters. 
Success feels like commentary on

3995
03:42:29,100 --> 03:42:32,500
your failure. 
Better to be here in all working

3996
03:42:32,500 --> 03:42:36,300
in isolation measuring yourself 
only against your previous work 

3997
03:42:37,200 --> 03:42:40,300
When you finally set down the 
pen, several pages are covered 

3998
03:42:40,300 --> 03:42:43,300
with your dense. 
Urgent script, you'll post this 

3999
03:42:43,300 --> 03:42:47,500
letter tomorrow and in a week or
so Theo's reply will arrive full

4000
03:42:47,500 --> 03:42:50,500
of encouragement, and practical 
advice, and small bits of money.

4001
03:42:50,500 --> 03:42:53,300
The correspondence between you 
and your brother is the most 

4002
03:42:53,300 --> 03:42:56,400
important work. 
You do more important than any 

4003
03:42:56,400 --> 03:42:59,300
single painting. 
It's what keeps you connected to

4004
03:42:59,300 --> 03:43:01,600
the world? 
What reminds you that someone 

4005
03:43:01,600 --> 03:43:04,400
believes in, what you're 
attempting, you fold the letter 

4006
03:43:04,400 --> 03:43:08,000
carefully and set it aside, then
you lean back in your chair and 

4007
03:43:08,000 --> 03:43:10,600
rub your eyes. 
Feeling the full weight of the 

4008
03:43:10,600 --> 03:43:13,400
days. 
Exhaustion your body aches. 

4009
03:43:13,400 --> 03:43:18,200
In a dozen places your mind 
feels pleasantly, empty, run out

4010
03:43:18,200 --> 03:43:20,300
like a spunge. 
This is good. 

4011
03:43:20,300 --> 03:43:24,600
Tiredness earned tiredness. 
You've worked hard today, 

4012
03:43:24,600 --> 03:43:27,800
physically in the field, 
intellectually in the letter 

4013
03:43:27,800 --> 03:43:31,100
tomorrow. 
You'll do it again, and the day 

4014
03:43:31,100 --> 03:43:34,700
after that, and the day after 
that, this is your life. 

4015
03:43:34,700 --> 03:43:39,700
Now this rhythm of work and 
rest, and work again, It's not 

4016
03:43:39,700 --> 03:43:42,900
the life, you imagined, as a 
young man, but it's the one 

4017
03:43:42,900 --> 03:43:48,200
you've built and it's yours. 
Before sleeping, you allow 

4018
03:43:48,200 --> 03:43:51,800
yourself for small ritual, 
reviewing today's paintings. 

4019
03:43:51,800 --> 03:43:55,500
You've been doing this for 
months, a private exhibition for

4020
03:43:55,500 --> 03:43:58,600
an audience of one? 
The painting from today leans 

4021
03:43:58,600 --> 03:44:01,100
against the wall. 
Still wet colors. 

4022
03:44:01,100 --> 03:44:02,700
Glowing slightly in the 
Lamplight. 

4023
03:44:02,700 --> 03:44:05,700
You study it. 
Critically cataloging its 

4024
03:44:05,700 --> 03:44:07,500
failures and occasional 
successes. 

4025
03:44:07,500 --> 03:44:10,700
The wheat is better than 
yesterday's wheat, but still not

4026
03:44:10,700 --> 03:44:14,000
quite right. 
The sky needs more complexity. 

4027
03:44:14,000 --> 03:44:17,700
The olive tree looks stiff and 
unconvincing but there are 

4028
03:44:17,700 --> 03:44:20,100
moments. 
A few brush Strokes where you 

4029
03:44:20,100 --> 03:44:23,400
captured something true but 
paint transcended paint and 

4030
03:44:23,400 --> 03:44:26,400
became wheat. 
Became White became the actual 

4031
03:44:26,400 --> 03:44:30,200
feeling of standing in a field 
on a summer afternoon, you'll do

4032
03:44:30,200 --> 03:44:33,200
better tomorrow. 
You always think this and it's 

4033
03:44:33,200 --> 03:44:36,900
usually true. 
Progress is incremental, barely 

4034
03:44:36,900 --> 03:44:39,800
noticeable day today, but 
visible, when you compare 

4035
03:44:39,800 --> 03:44:43,600
painting from months ago to 
painting from today, your 

4036
03:44:43,600 --> 03:44:47,300
learning slowly how to see and 
how to translate seeing into 

4037
03:44:47,300 --> 03:44:51,400
something others can experience.
This learning never stops, 

4038
03:44:51,400 --> 03:44:54,100
you'll die not knowing 
everything you want to know 

4039
03:44:54,100 --> 03:44:57,400
about painting. 
This should depress you but 

4040
03:44:57,400 --> 03:45:00,700
somehow it doesn't the 
impossibility of Mastery is what

4041
03:45:00,708 --> 03:45:04,400
makes the work worth doing you 
extinguish the lamp and darkness

4042
03:45:04,400 --> 03:45:07,200
swallows the room. 
You undress in the dark. 

4043
03:45:07,200 --> 03:45:10,400
No point wasting matches and 
climb into bed. 

4044
03:45:11,100 --> 03:45:14,400
Sheets are rough wash. 
So many times they've become as 

4045
03:45:14,400 --> 03:45:17,900
thin as paper. 
The mattress is Lumpy none of 

4046
03:45:17,908 --> 03:45:22,000
this matters within minutes. 
You're a sleep dreaming in 

4047
03:45:22,000 --> 03:45:24,300
colors. 
Your subconscious mind, 

4048
03:45:24,300 --> 03:45:27,000
continuing the work. 
Your conscious mind has paused 

4049
03:45:27,000 --> 03:45:30,000
tomorrow before Dawn your wake 
and begin again. 

4050
03:45:30,000 --> 03:45:34,400
The ritual will repeat coffee 
walking painting letters sleep. 

4051
03:45:35,200 --> 03:45:39,000
It's a simple life, a narrow 
life but it's the life that 

4052
03:45:39,000 --> 03:45:42,100
allows you to do the work. 
You meant to do everything else.

4053
03:45:42,100 --> 03:45:48,700
Comfort wealth, Fame? 
Connection is secondary to that.

4054
03:45:49,600 --> 03:45:53,100
Your painting The World Is. 
You See It hoping that someday 

4055
03:45:53,100 --> 03:45:55,600
someone will look at your 
paintings and see it too. 

4056
03:45:56,500 --> 03:45:59,100
That hope is enough. 
It has to be enough. 

4057
03:45:59,100 --> 03:46:03,000
It's all you have six months 
pass in this rhythm. 

4058
03:46:03,900 --> 03:46:07,400
Autumn arrives, bringing 
different light cooler, 

4059
03:46:07,400 --> 03:46:11,400
temperatures and changed colors.
The wheat fields are stubble 

4060
03:46:11,400 --> 03:46:15,000
now, harvested down to short, 
stalks that crunch under your 

4061
03:46:15,000 --> 03:46:17,300
boots. 
You paint the aftermath of 

4062
03:46:17,300 --> 03:46:21,100
harvest interested in how the 
land looks stripped and exposed 

4063
03:46:21,100 --> 03:46:24,200
vulnerable in its bareness. 
The olive trees. 

4064
03:46:24,200 --> 03:46:26,800
Remain still Twisted still gray 
green. 

4065
03:46:26,800 --> 03:46:31,400
Still refusing to be adequately 
captured on canvas your stack of

4066
03:46:31,408 --> 03:46:35,600
finished paintings. 
Grows 20 canvases lean against 

4067
03:46:35,600 --> 03:46:40,700
the walls of your room, then 30 
then 40 there everywhere under 

4068
03:46:40,700 --> 03:46:44,000
the bed behind the door arranged
in Rows 3. 

4069
03:46:44,000 --> 03:46:45,900
Deep against every available 
wall. 

4070
03:46:45,900 --> 03:46:50,400
The room smells perpetually of 
linseed oil and turpentine a 

4071
03:46:50,400 --> 03:46:54,200
sharp chemical smell that you've
stopped noticing Madame, 

4072
03:46:54,200 --> 03:46:56,400
Machine, new complains 
occasionally that the fumes are 

4073
03:46:56,400 --> 03:46:59,200
seeping into the cafe below 
making the coffee. 

4074
03:46:59,200 --> 03:47:02,100
Tastes strange. 
You apologize, but don't change 

4075
03:47:02,100 --> 03:47:04,400
anything. 
Where else would you store the 

4076
03:47:04,400 --> 03:47:05,700
paintings? 
There's no. 

4077
03:47:05,700 --> 03:47:08,600
Where else? 
This room is your studio, your 

4078
03:47:08,600 --> 03:47:11,100
gallery. 
And your archived the painting 

4079
03:47:11,100 --> 03:47:14,700
itself has become less agonizing
or perhaps you've simply grown 

4080
03:47:14,700 --> 03:47:18,400
accustomed to the agony. 
Your hand knows certain gestures

4081
03:47:18,400 --> 03:47:22,400
now without your brain needing 
to direct them. sky goes on in 

4082
03:47:22,400 --> 03:47:27,000
Broad horizontal Strokes cypress
trees, require vertical, slashes

4083
03:47:27,000 --> 03:47:30,400
of dark green and near black 
Faces need careful, 

4084
03:47:30,400 --> 03:47:35,300
construction, eyes position. 
Just so and mouth suggesting 

4085
03:47:35,300 --> 03:47:37,400
emotion without becoming 
cartoons. 

4086
03:47:37,400 --> 03:47:39,800
These aren't rules you learned 
from teachers? 

4087
03:47:39,800 --> 03:47:44,000
These are conclusions drawn from
failure from painting. 

4088
03:47:44,000 --> 03:47:48,400
The same subjects over and over 
until your hand remembered what 

4089
03:47:48,400 --> 03:47:51,900
your mind kept forgetting. 
You've developed a routine for 

4090
03:47:51,900 --> 03:47:54,600
materials management. 
Every Sunday, you stretch 

4091
03:47:54,600 --> 03:47:57,500
canvases, six or seven. 
At a time, enough for the coming

4092
03:47:57,500 --> 03:48:02,000
week, the process is meditative 
Cutting canvas from the bolt, 

4093
03:48:02,000 --> 03:48:04,300
wrapping it around, wooden 
structure bars. 

4094
03:48:04,300 --> 03:48:07,900
Pulling it tight, securing it 
with tax, then applying a thin 

4095
03:48:07,900 --> 03:48:11,300
layer of primer your hands. 
Perform these tasks while your 

4096
03:48:11,300 --> 03:48:13,400
mind wanders thinking about 
painting. 

4097
03:48:13,400 --> 03:48:16,900
You haven't started yet colors. 
You have not tried and 

4098
03:48:16,900 --> 03:48:18,700
techniques. 
You want to experiment with? 

4099
03:48:19,800 --> 03:48:22,300
The physical work of 
preparation, freeze, your brain 

4100
03:48:22,300 --> 03:48:26,400
for planning money Remains the 
constant problem, the O sends 

4101
03:48:26,400 --> 03:48:29,800
what he can, but it's never 
quite enough irrational paint 

4102
03:48:29,800 --> 03:48:32,700
carefully mixing colors to make 
tubes last longer. 

4103
03:48:32,700 --> 03:48:36,200
Scraping pallets cleanse. 
So, no, paint goes to waste, 

4104
03:48:36,200 --> 03:48:40,700
you've learned to be frugal with
everything except canvas cheap, 

4105
03:48:40,700 --> 03:48:44,400
canvas produces poor results. 
So you spend money there, and 

4106
03:48:44,400 --> 03:48:48,500
economize elsewhere, eating less
walking instead of taking the 

4107
03:48:48,500 --> 03:48:51,500
train and wearing the same 
clothes until they literally 

4108
03:48:51,500 --> 03:48:53,900
fall apart. 
Your appearance has become 

4109
03:48:53,900 --> 03:48:58,100
somewhat disreputable, you know,
this people look at you, oddly, 

4110
03:48:58,100 --> 03:49:02,000
the redhead madman with paint 
under his nails and holes in his

4111
03:49:02,000 --> 03:49:05,200
jacket. 
Let them look their opinions. 

4112
03:49:05,200 --> 03:49:08,900
Don't buy paint winter arrives, 
bringing complications. 

4113
03:49:08,900 --> 03:49:13,100
The fields are less interesting 
now, mostly mud and vegetation. 

4114
03:49:13,100 --> 03:49:17,900
The light is weaker grayer. 
You painting doors, more often 

4115
03:49:17,900 --> 03:49:22,100
still life's portraits, your own
room rendered from different 

4116
03:49:22,100 --> 03:49:25,000
angles, you paint your empty 
Chair by Lamplight. 

4117
03:49:25,000 --> 03:49:28,100
Trying to capture The Melancholy
of furniture waiting for someone

4118
03:49:28,100 --> 03:49:31,400
who isn't coming The painting 
depresses you while you're 

4119
03:49:31,400 --> 03:49:33,800
making it but the depression 
feels necessary. 

4120
03:49:33,800 --> 03:49:37,100
Honest not, everything needs to 
be cheerful. 

4121
03:49:37,100 --> 03:49:41,100
Sadness is also worth 
documenting the social isolation

4122
03:49:41,100 --> 03:49:44,000
intensifies. 
During winter, people stay 

4123
03:49:44,000 --> 03:49:45,800
indoors. 
The streets are empty. 

4124
03:49:45,800 --> 03:49:49,900
You go days without speaking to 
anyone except Madame Janu and 

4125
03:49:49,900 --> 03:49:53,000
the occasional shopkeeper this 
should bother you more than it 

4126
03:49:53,000 --> 03:49:55,400
does. 
Humans are supposed to need 

4127
03:49:55,400 --> 03:49:58,200
other humans and are supposed to
require conversation and 

4128
03:49:58,200 --> 03:50:00,300
connection. 
But you've discovered that 

4129
03:50:00,300 --> 03:50:05,100
Solitude while lonely provides 
clarity when you're alone, you 

4130
03:50:05,100 --> 03:50:08,400
can hear your own thoughts. 
When you're alone, the world 

4131
03:50:08,400 --> 03:50:10,800
doesn't interrupt itself with 
opinions and expectations, 

4132
03:50:10,800 --> 03:50:13,900
loneliness is the price of 
focus. 

4133
03:50:13,900 --> 03:50:18,800
And you've decided, it's a price
worth paying You paint through a

4134
03:50:18,800 --> 03:50:22,600
bout of illness in January. 
Some kind of flu that leaves you

4135
03:50:22,600 --> 03:50:26,600
weak and feverish but not. 
So incapacitated that you can't 

4136
03:50:26,600 --> 03:50:30,500
work you paint with shaking 
hands producing strange, 

4137
03:50:30,500 --> 03:50:33,500
distorted images that you'll 
later look at and wonder if 

4138
03:50:33,500 --> 03:50:36,600
they're terrible or brilliant. 
Probably terrible. 

4139
03:50:37,500 --> 03:50:40,100
But the act of painting while 
sick teaches you, something 

4140
03:50:40,100 --> 03:50:42,700
about your commitment. 
You're not doing this because 

4141
03:50:42,700 --> 03:50:45,400
it's Pleasant or easy. 
You're doing it because you 

4142
03:50:45,400 --> 03:50:48,800
can't not do it. 
The compulsion to paint is 

4143
03:50:48,808 --> 03:50:52,900
deeper than health deeper than 
comfort and possibly deeper than

4144
03:50:52,908 --> 03:50:56,200
sanity by February. 
You've been painting, seriously 

4145
03:50:56,200 --> 03:51:00,500
for nearly seven years, seven 
years, of daily work, thousands 

4146
03:51:00,500 --> 03:51:03,600
of hours at the easel 100s of 
completed paintings. 

4147
03:51:03,600 --> 03:51:05,400
And what do you have to show for
it? 

4148
03:51:05,400 --> 03:51:10,000
A room full of unsold canvases? 
A brother who believes in you 

4149
03:51:10,000 --> 03:51:13,400
but might be diluted. 
A handful of people in Paris who

4150
03:51:13,400 --> 03:51:17,300
think you have potential but not
enough to buy your work by 

4151
03:51:17,300 --> 03:51:21,900
conventional measures, you're a 
failure. 35 years old living in 

4152
03:51:21,900 --> 03:51:24,000
poverty producing art that 
nobody wants. 

4153
03:51:25,100 --> 03:51:27,100
But you've also learned 
something that conventional 

4154
03:51:27,100 --> 03:51:30,400
measures don't capture, you've 
learned that work itself. 

4155
03:51:30,400 --> 03:51:35,000
Can be the reward that the act 
of seeing clearly of translating

4156
03:51:35,000 --> 03:51:38,000
what you see in to paint of 
solving the endless problems 

4157
03:51:38,000 --> 03:51:41,800
that every canvas presents. 
This is valuable regardless of 

4158
03:51:41,800 --> 03:51:45,200
whether anyone else appreciates 
it, you're not painting to 

4159
03:51:45,200 --> 03:51:48,700
become famous your painting 
because painting is how you make

4160
03:51:48,700 --> 03:51:52,000
sense of the world, how you pin 
down fleeting moments and 

4161
03:51:52,000 --> 03:51:55,200
preserve them and how you 
participate in life rather than 

4162
03:51:55,200 --> 03:51:59,900
just observing it Bring returns 
and with it comes Renewed 

4163
03:51:59,900 --> 03:52:06,600
Energy, the fields green up. 
Flowers appear, irises, poppies 

4164
03:52:06,600 --> 03:52:10,200
and wildflowers, you can't name 
you paint them all with 

4165
03:52:10,208 --> 03:52:13,400
something approaching Joy, which
is a rare emotion for you. 

4166
03:52:14,200 --> 03:52:17,600
Usually you work through anxiety
or determination or sheer 

4167
03:52:17,600 --> 03:52:19,700
stubbornness but spring is 
forgiving. 

4168
03:52:20,500 --> 03:52:24,000
Spring suggests possibilities. 
Spring makes you think that 

4169
03:52:24,000 --> 03:52:27,200
maybe possibly things could work
out. 

4170
03:52:28,100 --> 03:52:31,400
Not fame or Fortune. 
You've given up on those but 

4171
03:52:31,400 --> 03:52:34,900
something smaller, and more 
important understanding 

4172
03:52:34,900 --> 03:52:38,300
connection, the feeling that 
what you're seeing matters to 

4173
03:52:38,300 --> 03:52:41,900
someone besides yourself. 
You paint orchards in bloom, 

4174
03:52:41,900 --> 03:52:45,500
trying to capture the Paradox of
delicate blossoms on rough 

4175
03:52:45,500 --> 03:52:48,600
Twisted, branches, you paint 
feels full of wheat. 

4176
03:52:48,600 --> 03:52:53,400
Again, this year's crop taller 
and greener than last year's you

4177
03:52:53,400 --> 03:52:56,400
paint people working Farmers 
laborers. 

4178
03:52:56,400 --> 03:53:00,400
Women in Garden's because work 
is sacred and deserves 

4179
03:53:00,400 --> 03:53:03,000
documentation. 
These people who spend their 

4180
03:53:03,000 --> 03:53:06,800
days, bending and lifting and 
cultivating aren't subjects for 

4181
03:53:06,800 --> 03:53:09,500
pity. 
Their living on a slee doing 

4182
03:53:09,500 --> 03:53:12,700
what needs doing? 
You try to show that in your 

4183
03:53:12,700 --> 03:53:14,900
paintings, try to give them 
dignity. 

4184
03:53:14,900 --> 03:53:18,900
Without sentimentality, you'll 
technique continues of evolving,

4185
03:53:18,900 --> 03:53:22,000
you're using thicker paint. 
Now, applying it to rough 

4186
03:53:22,000 --> 03:53:24,000
textured layers that catch the 
Light. 

4187
03:53:24,800 --> 03:53:27,300
This approach is called impasto,
though. 

4188
03:53:27,300 --> 03:53:30,400
You didn't know that when you 
started doing it, you just found

4189
03:53:30,400 --> 03:53:33,600
that thick paint better captured
the physicality of what you are 

4190
03:53:33,600 --> 03:53:37,400
seeing Fields, aren't smooth, 
trees aren't smooth faces aren't

4191
03:53:37,400 --> 03:53:39,300
smooth. 
Why should your paintings be 

4192
03:53:39,300 --> 03:53:41,900
smooth? 
The texture of the paint becomes

4193
03:53:41,900 --> 03:53:45,200
part of the meaning, a physical 
manifestation of the energy 

4194
03:53:45,200 --> 03:53:49,100
required to see and record. 
You write to Theo about these 

4195
03:53:49,100 --> 03:53:52,900
developments, trying to explain 
what your attempting, your 

4196
03:53:52,900 --> 03:53:56,500
written, explanations always 
feel inadequate, painting is 

4197
03:53:56,500 --> 03:54:00,000
visual language and verbal 
language can only approximate 

4198
03:54:00,000 --> 03:54:02,100
what brush and color can say 
directly. 

4199
03:54:02,100 --> 03:54:06,600
But you try anyway because Theo 
is in Paris rounded by theories 

4200
03:54:06,600 --> 03:54:09,800
and movements and debates and 
you want to understand that what

4201
03:54:09,800 --> 03:54:13,000
you're doing here in provincial,
all is also part of those large 

4202
03:54:13,000 --> 03:54:16,200
conversations, you're not 
isolated from the art world. 

4203
03:54:16,200 --> 03:54:19,700
You're just approaching it from 
a different direction working 

4204
03:54:19,700 --> 03:54:21,500
through problems. 
On your own terms. 

4205
03:54:21,500 --> 03:54:24,900
Rather than following, 
fashionable Solutions, summer 

4206
03:54:24,900 --> 03:54:27,200
arrives with its familiar heat 
and brilliant. 

4207
03:54:27,200 --> 03:54:30,400
Light your painting. 
Now, the new were a year ago. 

4208
03:54:30,400 --> 03:54:33,800
You can see the Improvement. 
When you compare old paintings 

4209
03:54:33,800 --> 03:54:37,700
to new ones, the colors are more
confident, the compositions are 

4210
03:54:37,708 --> 03:54:40,000
stronger, the brushwork is more 
assured. 

4211
03:54:40,000 --> 03:54:44,300
This is what, practice does not 
overnight transformation, but 

4212
03:54:44,300 --> 03:54:47,300
gradual, almost imperceptible 
refinement. 

4213
03:54:48,100 --> 03:54:51,700
You'll still not satisfied and 
still see the gap between what 

4214
03:54:51,700 --> 03:54:54,100
you want to achieve and what you
actually achieve. 

4215
03:54:54,900 --> 03:54:58,900
But the Gap is narrowing slowly 
painfully. 

4216
03:54:58,900 --> 03:55:02,400
The Gap is narrowing. 
You don't think much about 

4217
03:55:02,400 --> 03:55:06,400
Legacy. 
Legacy implies future and you're

4218
03:55:06,400 --> 03:55:09,400
too focused on the present. 
Today's painting, this 

4219
03:55:09,400 --> 03:55:13,000
afternoon's light, the exact 
color of Shadows under olive 

4220
03:55:13,000 --> 03:55:16,300
trees at 4 in the evening. 
But occasionally usually late at

4221
03:55:16,308 --> 03:55:19,100
night, when you can't sleep, you
wonder what will happen to all 

4222
03:55:19,100 --> 03:55:22,800
these paintings. 
The stack keeps growing 40, 

4223
03:55:22,800 --> 03:55:25,700
canvases become 60 which becomes
80. 

4224
03:55:26,600 --> 03:55:29,000
They can't all stay in your room
forever eventually. 

4225
03:55:29,000 --> 03:55:30,700
Something will have to be done 
with them. 

4226
03:55:31,500 --> 03:55:34,400
They are talks about exhibitions
and about getting your work in 

4227
03:55:34,400 --> 03:55:38,400
front of critics and buyers. 
You want to believe him but 

4228
03:55:38,400 --> 03:55:41,700
belief requires energy, you 
don't have the art world. 

4229
03:55:41,700 --> 03:55:46,200
Seems impossibly far away 
impossibly sophisticated and 

4230
03:55:46,200 --> 03:55:49,500
full of people who know things, 
you don't know, and who speak a 

4231
03:55:49,500 --> 03:55:50,500
language. 
You've never learned. 

4232
03:55:51,500 --> 03:55:53,600
You're just a painter who looks 
at Fields? 

4233
03:55:53,600 --> 03:55:56,100
What do you have to offer people
who spend their time in 

4234
03:55:56,100 --> 03:55:58,700
galleries, arguing about 
symbolism and technique? 

4235
03:55:59,400 --> 03:56:02,300
But then, you think about the 
act of looking at self and 

4236
03:56:02,300 --> 03:56:06,100
something shifts. 
Everyone looks at fields at 

4237
03:56:06,100 --> 03:56:10,900
trees at the sky, but most 
people look without seeing their

4238
03:56:10,900 --> 03:56:13,200
eyes registering information 
without their brain's 

4239
03:56:13,200 --> 03:56:15,500
processing. 
Meaning you've trained yourself 

4240
03:56:15,500 --> 03:56:20,000
to do the opposite to look until
looking becomes seeing to notice

4241
03:56:20,000 --> 03:56:23,300
the 10,000 small details, that 
make one feel different. 

4242
03:56:23,300 --> 03:56:26,000
From another field. 
One afternoon different from 

4243
03:56:26,000 --> 03:56:29,500
another afternoon. 
This skill, this learned 

4244
03:56:29,500 --> 03:56:33,600
attentiveness is your actual 
subject, not wheat, not trees. 

4245
03:56:34,800 --> 03:56:38,400
But the act of paying attention 
of being present with what's in 

4246
03:56:38,400 --> 03:56:40,500
front of you. 
If someone looks at your 

4247
03:56:40,500 --> 03:56:43,400
painting of a wheat field and 
really sees the wheat sees how 

4248
03:56:43,400 --> 03:56:46,800
it moves and catches light and 
existence space, the new 

4249
03:56:46,808 --> 03:56:50,900
something valuable you've taught
them to look not your painting 

4250
03:56:50,900 --> 03:56:54,200
specifically. 
But at everything The world they

4251
03:56:54,200 --> 03:56:57,400
move through without noticing. 
This is the Legacy your 

4252
03:56:57,400 --> 03:56:59,500
building, though. 
You didn't realize it until just

4253
03:56:59,500 --> 03:57:03,200
now tonight, right? 
In by Lamplight, while the towns

4254
03:57:03,200 --> 03:57:07,100
sleeps around you, you're making
instruction manuals for seeing 

4255
03:57:08,000 --> 03:57:11,400
thought is almost overwhelming, 
not because it's grandiose. 

4256
03:57:11,400 --> 03:57:14,200
You don't think you're creating 
great art, but because it's 

4257
03:57:14,200 --> 03:57:18,200
humble and enormous, at the same
time, every person who looks 

4258
03:57:18,200 --> 03:57:21,100
closely at one of your paintings
and then goes outside and looks 

4259
03:57:21,100 --> 03:57:23,500
closely at actual wheat has been
changed. 

4260
03:57:24,300 --> 03:57:28,000
Change slightly almost 
imperceptibly but changed. 

4261
03:57:28,000 --> 03:57:30,400
They can't unsee. 
What they've learned to see. 

4262
03:57:30,400 --> 03:57:33,100
This is education in the deepest
sense. 

4263
03:57:33,100 --> 03:57:37,900
This is why you paint you get 
out of bed, unable to sleep now 

4264
03:57:37,900 --> 03:57:41,100
and like the lamp. 
Painting stacked around the room

4265
03:57:41,100 --> 03:57:44,000
regard, you with their fixed 
unblinking stairs. 

4266
03:57:44,700 --> 03:57:50,400
So many fields so many trees. 
So many skies from one angle, 

4267
03:57:50,400 --> 03:57:53,800
they look repetitive and 
obsessive the same subjects over

4268
03:57:53,800 --> 03:57:56,200
and over. 
But from another angle they're 

4269
03:57:56,200 --> 03:57:59,600
variations on a theme 
investigations into how light 

4270
03:57:59,600 --> 03:58:02,100
and weather and time of day 
alter everything they touch, 

4271
03:58:02,100 --> 03:58:06,600
you're not repeating yourself, 
you're refining yourself Each 

4272
03:58:06,600 --> 03:58:08,500
painting is practiced for seeing
more. 

4273
03:58:08,500 --> 03:58:12,700
Clearly understanding more 
deeply you think about painters 

4274
03:58:12,700 --> 03:58:16,000
of the past Rembrandt Vermeer, 
and the Master's, whose work 

4275
03:58:16,000 --> 03:58:19,200
you've studied in museums and 
books their dead now. 

4276
03:58:19,200 --> 03:58:22,700
Centuries dead. 
But they are seeing persists. 

4277
03:58:22,700 --> 03:58:25,600
When you look at a Rembrandt 
portrait, you're not just seeing

4278
03:58:25,600 --> 03:58:28,100
painter range on canvas. 
You're seeing through 

4279
03:58:28,100 --> 03:58:32,400
Rembrandt's eyes, experiencing 
his particular way of noticing 

4280
03:58:32,400 --> 03:58:34,200
light and Shadow, and human 
character. 

4281
03:58:34,200 --> 03:58:38,100
The man died. 
But his seeing continues passed 

4282
03:58:38,100 --> 03:58:41,300
down through generations. 
Like inherited wealth, this is 

4283
03:58:41,300 --> 03:58:44,500
immortality not of the body, but
a vision. 

4284
03:58:45,300 --> 03:58:48,400
Your paintings, do this? 
Well, someone 100 years from 

4285
03:58:48,400 --> 03:58:49,700
now. 
Look at your wheat fields and 

4286
03:58:49,700 --> 03:58:53,600
see wheat the way you see it? 
The possibility seems absurd and

4287
03:58:53,608 --> 03:58:56,500
necessary. 
At the same time, you paint as 

4288
03:58:56,500 --> 03:58:59,500
if the answer is, yes. 
As if future, seeing depends on 

4289
03:58:59,500 --> 03:59:04,000
present work, this is Faith. 
You suppose not religious Faith.

4290
03:59:04,000 --> 03:59:07,600
You've Lost That lost it years 
ago when you tried and failed to

4291
03:59:07,600 --> 03:59:11,300
be a minister but creative 
Faith, the belief that making 

4292
03:59:11,300 --> 03:59:13,800
something with complete honesty,
and attention will matter. 

4293
03:59:13,800 --> 03:59:18,800
Even if you can't see how, or 
when, or to whom, Morning comes 

4294
03:59:18,800 --> 03:59:22,300
gradually the way it always 
does, you've been awake all 

4295
03:59:22,300 --> 03:59:26,000
night thinking and occasionally 
sketching working through these 

4296
03:59:26,000 --> 03:59:29,500
ideas about seeing and Legacy 
and the strange mathematics of 

4297
03:59:29,500 --> 03:59:32,900
attention that turns looking 
into seeing and seeing into 

4298
03:59:32,900 --> 03:59:36,800
painting and painting into 
instruction, your exhausted but 

4299
03:59:36,800 --> 03:59:40,100
also energized. 
The thoughts of clarified 

4300
03:59:40,100 --> 03:59:41,900
something you'd felt but 
couldn't articulate. 

4301
03:59:43,000 --> 03:59:46,800
You know, why you paint now not 
to become famous, not to make 

4302
03:59:46,800 --> 03:59:50,400
money, but to preserve ways of 
seeing to document. 

4303
03:59:50,400 --> 03:59:54,100
The infinite variety of light 
falling on ordinary things, to 

4304
03:59:54,100 --> 03:59:58,200
insist that Wheatfields matter 
and olive trees matter and the 

4305
03:59:58,200 --> 04:00:01,500
exact color of sky at dusk 
matters. 

4306
04:00:01,500 --> 04:00:06,100
You make coffee terrible coffee 
as always and stand at the 

4307
04:00:06,100 --> 04:00:10,500
window watching the street wake 
up. the baker opens, his 

4308
04:00:10,500 --> 04:00:14,900
shutters, the woman's sweeps, 
her doorstep, cat Hunt's 

4309
04:00:14,900 --> 04:00:17,400
Shadows. 
These are the same small events,

4310
04:00:17,400 --> 04:00:20,400
you see every morning, but this 
morning, they feel different 

4311
04:00:20,400 --> 04:00:23,700
more precious. 
Every ordinary moment is worth 

4312
04:00:23,700 --> 04:00:26,600
preserving, because every 
ordinary moment is unrepeatable.

4313
04:00:27,300 --> 04:00:30,900
Today's light will never exist. 
Again, today's shadows will 

4314
04:00:30,900 --> 04:00:34,500
never fall this exact way. 
Again, this morning is unique 

4315
04:00:34,500 --> 04:00:39,600
singular and gone as soon as it 
arrives, the only way to keep it

4316
04:00:39,600 --> 04:00:42,600
is to paint it. 
You finish your coffee gather 

4317
04:00:42,600 --> 04:00:44,900
your materials and head out into
the early light. 

4318
04:00:44,900 --> 04:00:48,100
Your painting spot is waiting 
the field. 

4319
04:00:48,100 --> 04:00:52,600
The tree The Horizon, that's 
both barrier and invitation you 

4320
04:00:52,600 --> 04:00:54,200
set up. 
Your easel with practice 

4321
04:00:54,200 --> 04:00:56,800
efficiently, preparing to spend 
another day. 

4322
04:00:56,800 --> 04:01:00,700
Doing what you do, looking until
you see seeing until you 

4323
04:01:00,700 --> 04:01:03,100
understand. 
And understanding, until you can

4324
04:01:03,100 --> 04:01:07,900
paint, the work is repetitive 
and endless and exactly what you

4325
04:01:07,900 --> 04:01:10,600
need to be doing. 
Not because anyone's asking for 

4326
04:01:10,600 --> 04:01:13,100
it, not because anyone's paying 
for it. 

4327
04:01:13,900 --> 04:01:16,200
But because this is your way of 
participating in the world. 

4328
04:01:16,200 --> 04:01:20,400
Your method of saying, yes to 
existence and your small 

4329
04:01:20,400 --> 04:01:25,200
contribution to the vast project
of human seeing The first 

4330
04:01:25,200 --> 04:01:28,700
brushstroke goes on the canvas, 
like a whisper becoming a shout 

4331
04:01:28,700 --> 04:01:32,800
it's just paint just pigment 
mixed with oil but it's also 

4332
04:01:32,800 --> 04:01:36,500
everything attention made 
visible looking made permanent 

4333
04:01:36,500 --> 04:01:40,600
this specific morning in this 
specific Place captured and held

4334
04:01:40,600 --> 04:01:43,700
you work steadily through the 
morning, watching the light 

4335
04:01:43,700 --> 04:01:47,200
change, adjusting your colors to
match what's actually there 

4336
04:01:47,200 --> 04:01:50,100
rather than what you think 
should be there, this is the 

4337
04:01:50,100 --> 04:01:53,100
discipline, trusting your eyes 
over your assumptions. 

4338
04:01:53,100 --> 04:01:56,400
Letting reality and you rather 
than imposing your ideas on 

4339
04:01:56,400 --> 04:02:01,600
reality hours, pass the sun 
climbs, your back, aches. 

4340
04:02:01,600 --> 04:02:06,200
Your eyes water from squinting. 
Your palate becomes a muddy mess

4341
04:02:06,200 --> 04:02:08,700
of mixed colors. 
These are good signs. 

4342
04:02:08,700 --> 04:02:11,500
They mean, your working really 
working. 

4343
04:02:11,500 --> 04:02:14,100
Not just playing at painting by 
early afternoon. 

4344
04:02:14,100 --> 04:02:18,500
The canvas has transformed from 
black potential to something. 

4345
04:02:18,500 --> 04:02:22,300
Actual not finished never 
finished but present. 

4346
04:02:23,500 --> 04:02:25,900
Field exists when nothing 
existed before. 

4347
04:02:26,900 --> 04:02:29,400
Light falls were only white 
canvas weighted. 

4348
04:02:29,400 --> 04:02:32,400
You've made something from 
nothing using nothing but 

4349
04:02:32,400 --> 04:02:35,900
attention and paint. 
It's A Small Miracle repeated 

4350
04:02:35,900 --> 04:02:38,000
daily. 
Never losing its power to 

4351
04:02:38,000 --> 04:02:40,200
surprise. 
You, you clean your brushes 

4352
04:02:40,200 --> 04:02:44,800
pack, your materials, and start 
the walk back to town tonight. 

4353
04:02:44,800 --> 04:02:48,300
You'll write to Theo telling him
about today's work about the 

4354
04:02:48,300 --> 04:02:51,100
thoughts that kept you awake 
last night, and about why you 

4355
04:02:51,100 --> 04:02:55,700
continue, even when continuation
seems pointless tomorrow, you'll

4356
04:02:55,700 --> 04:02:58,900
return to the field and begin 
again, and the day after that. 

4357
04:02:59,700 --> 04:03:03,000
And the day after that, this is 
the pattern that defines you 

4358
04:03:03,000 --> 04:03:09,100
now, work and rest, and work 
again, seeing and painting and 

4359
04:03:09,100 --> 04:03:12,600
seeing again, building a legacy,
not of Fame. 

4360
04:03:12,600 --> 04:03:15,700
But of attention, one brush 
stroke at a time. 

4361
04:03:15,700 --> 04:03:19,700
One painting at a time. 
One moment of careful. 

4362
04:03:19,700 --> 04:03:22,600
Looking at a time, the 
Wheatfield you painted today 

4363
04:03:22,600 --> 04:03:25,300
will be harvested. 
Soon, the light will change. 

4364
04:03:25,300 --> 04:03:28,600
Winter will come again. 
You'll keep painting through all

4365
04:03:28,600 --> 04:03:30,900
of it. 
Documenting, the endless 

4366
04:03:30,900 --> 04:03:33,700
variations of ordinary life. 
Insisting. 

4367
04:03:33,700 --> 04:03:35,400
That nothing is true. 
Ordinary. 

4368
04:03:35,400 --> 04:03:38,000
If you look closely enough, This
is your life. 

4369
04:03:38,000 --> 04:03:41,700
Now this is your work. 
This is what you'll leave behind

4370
04:03:41,700 --> 04:03:46,000
When You're Gone not monuments 
or Mansions but paintings that 

4371
04:03:46,000 --> 04:03:50,000
teach people how to see if even 
one person looks at one of your 

4372
04:03:50,000 --> 04:03:53,100
paintings and then looks at the 
world with the new eyes, then 

4373
04:03:53,100 --> 04:03:56,400
everything was worth it. 
Every morning of cold coffee 

4374
04:03:56,400 --> 04:04:00,500
every afternoon of aching back, 
every night of doubt and fear 

4375
04:04:00,500 --> 04:04:04,700
and stubborn foolish. 
Hope your Vincent van Gogh and 

4376
04:04:04,700 --> 04:04:07,700
you're painting the world. 
As you see it, the world doesn't

4377
04:04:07,700 --> 04:04:10,300
care. 
The world will continue with or 

4378
04:04:10,300 --> 04:04:13,300
without your paintings, but 
you'll make them anyway because 

4379
04:04:13,300 --> 04:04:17,100
making them is how you live, how
you participate, and how you 

4380
04:04:17,100 --> 04:04:20,100
say, thank you to light and 
color and the infinite variety 

4381
04:04:20,100 --> 04:04:23,000
of seeing. 
This is enough, this has to be 

4382
04:04:23,000 --> 04:04:26,800
enough and on good days on days.
Like today, when the light is 

4383
04:04:26,800 --> 04:04:30,500
perfect in, your hand is steady 
and the painting almost matches 

4384
04:04:30,500 --> 04:04:32,400
what you saw. 
It is enough. 

4385
04:04:32,400 --> 04:04:35,400
It's more than enough, it's 
everything. 

4386
04:04:39,200 --> 04:04:42,300
You'll see outside a cave 
entrance in what will one day be

4387
04:04:42,300 --> 04:04:45,600
called, France? 
But that name won't exist for 

4388
04:04:45,600 --> 04:04:50,500
another 30,000 years. 
The air is approximately 35,000 

4389
04:04:50,500 --> 04:04:54,400
BCE and you've just finished a 
meal of roasted eye bags. 

4390
04:04:55,200 --> 04:04:59,000
Fire crackles beside. 
You sending occasional Sparks 

4391
04:04:59,000 --> 04:05:02,500
upward into the darkness. 
And as your eyes follow, those 

4392
04:05:02,500 --> 04:05:05,800
brief orange Embers. 
They continue traveling and they

4393
04:05:05,800 --> 04:05:08,000
meet something far more 
permanent. 

4394
04:05:08,900 --> 04:05:12,900
Stars not just a handful of 
stars but thousands upon 

4395
04:05:12,900 --> 04:05:16,600
thousands of them spread across 
the sky in a Brilliance that 

4396
04:05:16,600 --> 04:05:19,800
would make any modern city 
dweller weep with disbelief, 

4397
04:05:20,800 --> 04:05:24,900
There's no light pollution here,
no glow of distant towns or 

4398
04:05:24,900 --> 04:05:28,200
passing cars. 
The Milky Way stretches overhead

4399
04:05:28,200 --> 04:05:30,800
like a river of cream poured 
across Blackstone. 

4400
04:05:30,800 --> 04:05:33,600
So bright, you could almost read
by it. 

4401
04:05:33,600 --> 04:05:38,200
If reading was something new how
to do But you don't need reading

4402
04:05:38,200 --> 04:05:41,800
your mind is already doing 
something far, more fundamental.

4403
04:05:43,000 --> 04:05:47,900
Its finding patterns. 
This isn't a conscious decision.

4404
04:05:47,900 --> 04:05:52,900
Your brain like every human 
brain that will follow yours 

4405
04:05:52,900 --> 04:05:56,200
through the Millennia is a 
pattern recognition machine. 

4406
04:05:56,200 --> 04:06:00,900
It's what keeps you alive. 
That rustle in the grass might 

4407
04:06:00,900 --> 04:06:03,500
be wind or it might be a cave, 
lion. 

4408
04:06:04,300 --> 04:06:07,100
That particular arrangement of 
broken branches. 

4409
04:06:07,100 --> 04:06:10,800
Might mean another human past 
this way, or it might mean 

4410
04:06:10,800 --> 04:06:13,000
nothing. 
At all your survival. 

4411
04:06:13,000 --> 04:06:16,400
Depends on sorting signal from 
noise and you've gotten 

4412
04:06:16,400 --> 04:06:20,100
remarkably good at it. 
So when you look at the stars, 

4413
04:06:20,100 --> 04:06:24,300
your brain does what it does 
best, it connects dots that 

4414
04:06:24,300 --> 04:06:27,100
cluster over there looks 
somewhat like the Ibex you 

4415
04:06:27,100 --> 04:06:30,100
hunted earlier. 
See how those stars form the 

4416
04:06:30,100 --> 04:06:33,000
curve of horns. 
And that group to the east 

4417
04:06:33,000 --> 04:06:36,100
resembles, the bear. 
You saw last spring though, 

4418
04:06:36,100 --> 04:06:39,000
you'd never get close enough to 
one, to confirm the details. 

4419
04:06:39,000 --> 04:06:43,300
You don't have names for these 
patterns yet at least not names.

4420
04:06:43,300 --> 04:06:47,500
That will survive but you 
recognize them night after 

4421
04:06:47,500 --> 04:06:49,700
night. 
They're there in the same 

4422
04:06:49,700 --> 04:06:51,500
positions, relative to each 
other. 

4423
04:06:51,500 --> 04:06:56,100
This is remarkable actually. 
Almost everything else in your 

4424
04:06:56,100 --> 04:07:00,500
world changes. 
The seasons shift animals 

4425
04:07:00,500 --> 04:07:05,600
migrate, Rivers, flood and 
received trees grow and fall. 

4426
04:07:05,600 --> 04:07:09,600
Even the moon transforms its 
face across each month. 

4427
04:07:10,400 --> 04:07:13,800
Swelling from a sliver to a 
bright Circle and back again. 

4428
04:07:13,800 --> 04:07:18,600
But these Stars these particular
Arrangements, they are constant.

4429
04:07:19,500 --> 04:07:22,900
Or mostly constant. 
Anyway, you've noticed they do 

4430
04:07:22,900 --> 04:07:26,300
move across the sky. 
Each night Wheeling from east to

4431
04:07:26,300 --> 04:07:29,700
west, but they maintain their 
relationships to each other. 

4432
04:07:29,700 --> 04:07:35,400
The Ibex Stars, stay Ibex shaped
the best Stars remain bare like,

4433
04:07:35,400 --> 04:07:39,200
you don't know it yet, but 
you've just made one of the most

4434
04:07:39,200 --> 04:07:41,400
important discoveries in human 
history. 

4435
04:07:42,300 --> 04:07:46,400
You found something reliable in 
an unreliable world over the 

4436
04:07:46,400 --> 04:07:50,800
following nights and months. 
You notice more those same star 

4437
04:07:50,800 --> 04:07:54,000
patterns appear in the East each
evening and travel Westwood 

4438
04:07:54,000 --> 04:07:57,200
eventually disappearing. 
Below the Western Horizon. 

4439
04:07:57,200 --> 04:08:02,200
If you stay awake, long enough, 
and sometimes you do whether by 

4440
04:08:02,200 --> 04:08:05,600
choice or because something has 
spooked the group and everyone's

4441
04:08:05,600 --> 04:08:09,000
remaining alert. 
You see new patterns rise in the

4442
04:08:09,000 --> 04:08:12,900
east to replace them. 
It's like watching a very slow 

4443
04:08:12,900 --> 04:08:15,700
parade. 
Except this parade repeats 

4444
04:08:15,700 --> 04:08:19,100
itself with extraordinary 
Precision, you begin to 

4445
04:08:19,100 --> 04:08:22,500
anticipate. 
You know that when certain Stars

4446
04:08:22,500 --> 04:08:26,100
appeared, just above the Eastern
Horizon at dusk, the weather 

4447
04:08:26,100 --> 04:08:29,700
will soon turn colder. 
You've seen this correlation 

4448
04:08:29,700 --> 04:08:32,100
enough times that it's no longer
a coincidence. 

4449
04:08:33,200 --> 04:08:37,200
When others dominate the night 
sky, the herds will be moving 

4450
04:08:37,200 --> 04:08:39,900
through the valley and hunting 
will be good. 

4451
04:08:40,800 --> 04:08:45,100
This knowledge gets shared 
around fires under those same 

4452
04:08:45,100 --> 04:08:48,000
Stars, you and others discuss 
these observations. 

4453
04:08:48,000 --> 04:08:51,200
The sharing isn't formal 
education as future 

4454
04:08:51,200 --> 04:08:53,200
civilizations will understand 
it. 

4455
04:08:53,800 --> 04:08:57,600
There are no schools, no books 
and no formal teachers, but 

4456
04:08:57,600 --> 04:09:01,700
knowledge passes anyway, through
conversation and demonstration 

4457
04:09:01,700 --> 04:09:04,800
through the simple Act of 
pointing upward and helping 

4458
04:09:04,800 --> 04:09:06,000
others. 
See what you see. 

4459
04:09:07,200 --> 04:09:11,300
A young member of your group 
perhaps 10 or 11 years old sits 

4460
04:09:11,300 --> 04:09:13,700
beside you. 
One night you point out the 

4461
04:09:13,700 --> 04:09:17,600
patterns, you know, tracing 
invisible lines between stars 

4462
04:09:17,600 --> 04:09:20,900
with your finger. 
The child's eyes, follow your 

4463
04:09:20,900 --> 04:09:26,400
hand, and you can see the moment
of recognition that same spark 

4464
04:09:26,400 --> 04:09:29,300
of understanding that Lit your 
own mind years ago. 

4465
04:09:29,300 --> 04:09:33,700
The patterns aren't random. 
They mean, something they can be

4466
04:09:33,700 --> 04:09:37,400
learned, neither of you, 
realizes it, but you're creating

4467
04:09:37,400 --> 04:09:39,600
something that will Outlast both
your lives. 

4468
04:09:39,600 --> 04:09:43,700
Both your descendants and both 
your entire lineage is 

4469
04:09:43,700 --> 04:09:47,900
stretching forward, 10,000 
years, you're creating 

4470
04:09:47,908 --> 04:09:52,300
tradition, your building, the 
foundation of astronomy, the 

4471
04:09:52,300 --> 04:09:55,500
Stars, we all overhead 
indifferent, your newfound 

4472
04:09:55,500 --> 04:09:58,200
attention. 
They've been there for billions 

4473
04:09:58,200 --> 04:10:02,300
of years before you and they'll 
remain for billions more after 

4474
04:10:02,300 --> 04:10:05,500
your gone. 
But in this moment in the simple

4475
04:10:05,500 --> 04:10:09,200
Act of watching and wandering, 
you've joined a project that 

4476
04:10:09,200 --> 04:10:13,400
your species will continue for 
as long as it exists, you've 

4477
04:10:13,400 --> 04:10:16,400
started asking the question that
will echo through every 

4478
04:10:16,400 --> 04:10:20,100
civilization that follows What 
are those lights? 

4479
04:10:20,100 --> 04:10:24,900
And what do they mean? 
It's approximately 15,000 BC now

4480
04:10:24,900 --> 04:10:28,800
and your standing in what will 
eventually be known as Germany? 

4481
04:10:29,600 --> 04:10:33,200
Watching the moon rise over a 
landscape of ice and Scattered 

4482
04:10:33,200 --> 04:10:36,900
Pine, the glaciers have been 
retreating for Generations, but 

4483
04:10:36,900 --> 04:10:39,900
winter still brings a cold that 
can kill the unwary. 

4484
04:10:39,900 --> 04:10:43,800
You've survived 23 of these 
Winters which makes you 

4485
04:10:43,800 --> 04:10:46,700
remarkably old by the standards 
of your time. 

4486
04:10:46,700 --> 04:10:49,900
And you've learned something 
that younger people often miss. 

4487
04:10:50,600 --> 04:10:56,000
The Sky Keeps time. 
Not just any time the perfect 

4488
04:10:56,000 --> 04:10:58,600
time you discovered this 
gradually. 

4489
04:10:58,600 --> 04:11:01,200
The way most important things 
are discovered. 

4490
04:11:01,200 --> 04:11:05,600
One year, you noticed that the 
moon went through exactly 12 

4491
04:11:05,600 --> 04:11:10,800
complete Cycles from new to full
and back to New again before the

4492
04:11:10,800 --> 04:11:14,300
seasons completed their circuit.
Well, almost 12. 

4493
04:11:14,300 --> 04:11:18,100
It was actually a bit more than 
12 but close enough that you 

4494
04:11:18,100 --> 04:11:19,800
could use it as a rough 
calendar. 

4495
04:11:21,100 --> 04:11:25,100
When the moon had cycled through
its phases 12 times, you could 

4496
04:11:25,100 --> 04:11:29,100
expect the warm season to arrive
soon when it cycled through 

4497
04:11:29,100 --> 04:11:31,100
another 12. 
The cold would return. 

4498
04:11:31,100 --> 04:11:35,600
This was useful but the moon 
alone was not quite reliable 

4499
04:11:35,600 --> 04:11:39,200
enough. 
Some years counting 12 moons 

4500
04:11:39,200 --> 04:11:41,900
brought you to the season change
right on schedule. 

4501
04:11:41,900 --> 04:11:44,800
Other years you'd be off by 
several weeks. 

4502
04:11:45,600 --> 04:11:48,800
It was frustrating like trying 
to catch fish with the net that 

4503
04:11:48,800 --> 04:11:52,500
had inconsistent holes. 
But then you paid attention to 

4504
04:11:52,500 --> 04:11:55,900
the Stars specifically to which 
stars were visible. 

4505
04:11:55,900 --> 04:12:00,100
Just Before Dawn, you noticed 
that certain Stars would appear 

4506
04:12:00,100 --> 04:12:03,700
on the Eastern Horizon just 
before the sun rose and this 

4507
04:12:03,700 --> 04:12:07,000
appearance correlated even 
better with the seasons than the

4508
04:12:07,000 --> 04:12:09,500
moon did. 
When you could see a particular 

4509
04:12:09,500 --> 04:12:14,000
bright star Rising just before 
Daybreak you with certainty, 

4510
04:12:14,000 --> 04:12:16,300
that the herds would arrive 
within days. 

4511
04:12:17,200 --> 04:12:21,000
When another star made its first
pre-dawn appearance, you could 

4512
04:12:21,000 --> 04:12:24,000
prepare for the cold. 
You didn't know the physics 

4513
04:12:24,000 --> 04:12:26,700
behind this. 
You didn't know that Earth 

4514
04:12:26,700 --> 04:12:30,300
orbits the Sun or the Stars 
apparent, positions shifted 

4515
04:12:30,300 --> 04:12:34,900
gradually throughout the year 
because this orbital motion you 

4516
04:12:34,900 --> 04:12:36,300
didn't need to know the 
mechanism. 

4517
04:12:36,300 --> 04:12:40,600
You just needed to know it 
worked and it did with the 

4518
04:12:40,608 --> 04:12:43,000
reliability that bordered on the
miraculous. 

4519
04:12:44,100 --> 04:12:47,500
Other patterns emerged as you 
watched the moon's position 

4520
04:12:47,500 --> 04:12:49,700
against the background Stars 
changed. 

4521
04:12:49,700 --> 04:12:53,800
Nightly moving Eastwood through 
the same star patents that the 

4522
04:12:53,800 --> 04:12:57,200
sun seemed to travel through. 
During the year, the moon 

4523
04:12:57,200 --> 04:13:01,200
completed its journey through 
these patterns in about 29 days,

4524
04:13:01,200 --> 04:13:06,100
one, complete cycle, from New 
Moon to New Moon, This 

4525
04:13:06,100 --> 04:13:08,000
realization helped you 
understand why? 

4526
04:13:08,000 --> 04:13:12,100
The 12 months didn't quite match
up with the seasonal year, the 

4527
04:13:12,100 --> 04:13:15,200
moon and the sun were traveling 
along the same path through the 

4528
04:13:15,200 --> 04:13:19,000
stars, but at different speeds, 
you began marking these 

4529
04:13:19,000 --> 04:13:24,400
observations on Bones and 
antlers you carved, notches not 

4530
04:13:24,400 --> 04:13:28,800
random decorations, but 
deliberate counts, 29, notches 

4531
04:13:28,800 --> 04:13:33,200
for a lunar month. 12 sets of 
these for a year with additional

4532
04:13:33,200 --> 04:13:37,300
marks, to track the discrepancy.
These were not idle due to 

4533
04:13:37,300 --> 04:13:40,100
passed around a fire. 
They were data. 

4534
04:13:40,100 --> 04:13:44,100
They were records. 
They were Humanity's first bred 

4535
04:13:44,100 --> 04:13:48,100
sheets carved in to whatever 
material was hardened enough to 

4536
04:13:48,100 --> 04:13:51,100
last. 
The Precision of these records 

4537
04:13:51,100 --> 04:13:55,200
is startling modern 
archaeologists examining Ice Age

4538
04:13:55,200 --> 04:13:58,500
artifact to found counting 
systems that tracked lunar 

4539
04:13:58,500 --> 04:14:02,700
phases with remarkable accuracy.
You weren't primitive in your 

4540
04:14:02,700 --> 04:14:05,700
thinking, you were sophisticated
observers. 

4541
04:14:05,700 --> 04:14:09,300
Using the tools available to 
you, the fact that you lacked 

4542
04:14:09,300 --> 04:14:12,600
telescope or mathematical 
notation didn't make you less 

4543
04:14:12,600 --> 04:14:15,400
intelligent. 
It made you more impressive, 

4544
04:14:15,400 --> 04:14:18,100
actually, because you figured 
out so much with. 

4545
04:14:18,100 --> 04:14:22,800
So little this time keeping had 
immediate practical value, 

4546
04:14:22,800 --> 04:14:26,200
knowing when Seasons would 
change meant knowing when to 

4547
04:14:26,200 --> 04:14:30,300
move Camp when to hunt specific 
animals and went to gather 

4548
04:14:30,300 --> 04:14:33,900
particular plants, a group that 
could predict these changes had 

4549
04:14:33,900 --> 04:14:37,200
significant advantages over a 
group that reacted to them as 

4550
04:14:37,208 --> 04:14:40,600
they occurred. 
You could prepare, you could 

4551
04:14:40,600 --> 04:14:44,700
plan, you could survive when 
others might not, but something 

4552
04:14:44,700 --> 04:14:48,500
else was happening, too. 
Something harder to quantify by 

4553
04:14:48,500 --> 04:14:50,800
tracking time. 
You were developing a new 

4554
04:14:50,808 --> 04:14:54,400
relationship with the future 
instead of living entirely in 

4555
04:14:54,400 --> 04:14:57,500
the present moment. 
Reacting to what ever each day 

4556
04:14:57,500 --> 04:15:01,200
brought you are beginning to 
anticipate you were building 

4557
04:15:01,200 --> 04:15:05,800
mental models of how the world 
worked. models that extended 

4558
04:15:05,800 --> 04:15:10,100
Beyond immediate sensory 
experience you were in a real 

4559
04:15:10,100 --> 04:15:14,800
sense beginning to think 
abstractly The night sky, became

4560
04:15:14,800 --> 04:15:18,800
your most reliable reference, 
the ground, Beneath Your Feet, 

4561
04:15:18,800 --> 04:15:22,100
change with floods and fires, 
and the slow grinding of 

4562
04:15:22,108 --> 04:15:26,900
glaciers, the plants and animals
around you, migrated and evolved

4563
04:15:26,900 --> 04:15:30,000
even the climate shifted across 
Generations. 

4564
04:15:30,000 --> 04:15:35,200
But those Stars those patterns 
in the sky remained constant 

4565
04:15:35,200 --> 04:15:37,000
enough to build your life 
around. 

4566
04:15:37,000 --> 04:15:40,500
They were the one fixed 
reference in a fluid world. 

4567
04:15:40,500 --> 04:15:44,500
You didn't worship the Stars 
exactly though, that would come 

4568
04:15:44,500 --> 04:15:48,100
later for other cultures. 
Your relationship with them was 

4569
04:15:48,100 --> 04:15:50,500
more practical than spiritual at
this point. 

4570
04:15:50,500 --> 04:15:54,100
They were tools. 
They were the most accurate 

4571
04:15:54,100 --> 04:15:57,100
calendar. 
You have the most reliable clock

4572
04:15:57,100 --> 04:15:59,200
and the best map for predicting 
the future. 

4573
04:15:59,200 --> 04:16:03,500
They were quite literally your 
guide to survive all as you 

4574
04:16:03,500 --> 04:16:06,400
stand there, watching the moon 
rise, you feel a satisfaction 

4575
04:16:06,400 --> 04:16:11,400
that transcends me? 
Utility There's something deeply

4576
04:16:11,400 --> 04:16:14,100
pleasing about understanding how
the sky works. 

4577
04:16:15,000 --> 04:16:18,300
About being able to predict what
will appear where and when 

4578
04:16:18,300 --> 04:16:21,900
you've turned mystery into 
knowledge and Chaos into 

4579
04:16:21,900 --> 04:16:25,100
pattern, you've looked at the 
universe and found it 

4580
04:16:25,100 --> 04:16:29,800
comprehensible the Stars 
continue their ancient dance and

4581
04:16:29,800 --> 04:16:33,100
you can continue your watch 
adding another night's 

4582
04:16:33,100 --> 04:16:36,100
observations to a lifetime of 
accumulated knowledge. 

4583
04:16:36,100 --> 04:16:39,700
You don't know that people will 
still be doing this same thing 

4584
04:16:39,700 --> 04:16:43,900
15,000 years from now. 
Using tools you can't imagine to

4585
04:16:43,900 --> 04:16:47,700
ask questions you'd never think 
to pose But you'd probably 

4586
04:16:47,700 --> 04:16:51,000
appreciate the continuity. 
You started something. 

4587
04:16:51,000 --> 04:16:54,900
After all, you've begun the long
project of mapping the heavens, 

4588
04:16:54,900 --> 04:16:59,900
and that project is barely begun
your standing on a ziggurat in 

4589
04:16:59,900 --> 04:17:05,200
ancient Babylon and the year is 
approximately 1700 BCE the 

4590
04:17:05,200 --> 04:17:09,000
structure Beneath Your Feet 
rises in massive tiers above the

4591
04:17:09,000 --> 04:17:12,800
Euphrates River Valley. 
Each level smaller than the one 

4592
04:17:12,800 --> 04:17:17,100
below creating a stepped pyramid
that serves as both Temple and 

4593
04:17:17,100 --> 04:17:20,100
Observatory. 
The years warm, it's almost 

4594
04:17:20,100 --> 04:17:23,800
always warm here and the sounds 
of the city of faded with the 

4595
04:17:23,800 --> 04:17:27,300
sunset. 
Now, there's just you the night 

4596
04:17:27,300 --> 04:17:31,600
and your duty, you are a priest 
astronomer which in this 

4597
04:17:31,600 --> 04:17:34,800
civilization, means your one of 
the most powerful people in the 

4598
04:17:34,800 --> 04:17:38,000
Kingdom. 
Kings consult you before making 

4599
04:17:38,000 --> 04:17:41,500
important decisions. 
Farmers depend on your 

4600
04:17:41,500 --> 04:17:45,800
calculations to know when to 
plant the entire Empire runs 

4601
04:17:45,800 --> 04:17:48,600
according to calendars. 
You and your colleagues maintain

4602
04:17:48,600 --> 04:17:53,600
this isn't symbolic power. 
This is real Authority, derived 

4603
04:17:53,600 --> 04:17:57,100
from real knowledge and that 
knowledge comes from the sky. 

4604
04:17:57,100 --> 04:18:00,700
Your people have been watching 
the heavens systematically for 

4605
04:18:00,700 --> 04:18:04,100
centuries, keeping records that 
span Generations. 

4606
04:18:04,100 --> 04:18:07,400
These aren't casual observations
noted. 

4607
04:18:07,400 --> 04:18:08,900
When someone happens to 
remember. 

4608
04:18:08,900 --> 04:18:13,400
This is rigorous continuous 
monitoring with each night sky. 

4609
04:18:13,400 --> 04:18:17,200
Carefully recorded on clay 
tablets, that fill entire 

4610
04:18:17,200 --> 04:18:20,200
library's. 
You've inherited these records 

4611
04:18:20,200 --> 04:18:23,800
and you add to them. 
Nightly continuing a scientific 

4612
04:18:23,800 --> 04:18:26,800
tradition, that will Outlast 
your civilization itself 

4613
04:18:26,800 --> 04:18:31,100
tonight. 
Your tracking Venus the evening 

4614
04:18:31,100 --> 04:18:33,700
star, you call it though, you've
noticed it all. 

4615
04:18:33,700 --> 04:18:37,400
So appears as the Morning Star 
at different times of year, what

4616
04:18:37,400 --> 04:18:39,800
you don't yet realize is that 
these are the same. 

4617
04:18:40,200 --> 04:18:42,800
Object. 
A planet closer to the Sun than 

4618
04:18:42,800 --> 04:18:45,500
Earth. 
Though the concept of planets, 

4619
04:18:45,500 --> 04:18:49,300
as worlds, rather than wandering
stars is still centuries away. 

4620
04:18:49,300 --> 04:18:53,000
What you do know is that Venus 
follows a complex pattern 

4621
04:18:53,000 --> 04:18:57,000
through the sky, appearing and 
disappearing with a regularity 

4622
04:18:57,000 --> 04:19:01,700
you've learned to predict This 
predictability is everything in 

4623
04:19:01,700 --> 04:19:03,800
a world where so much is 
uncertain. 

4624
04:19:03,800 --> 04:19:07,800
Where crops might fail where 
diseases strike without warning,

4625
04:19:07,800 --> 04:19:10,300
where enemies could attack at 
any time. 

4626
04:19:10,300 --> 04:19:15,000
The sky offers constancy, the 
fact that you can predict 

4627
04:19:15,000 --> 04:19:18,500
celestial events, gives you a 
kind of power over chaos itself,

4628
04:19:18,500 --> 04:19:22,000
when you announce that Venus 
will disappear from the evening 

4629
04:19:22,000 --> 04:19:27,100
sky and 5 days and reappear as 
the morning star in 83 days and 

4630
04:19:27,100 --> 04:19:28,300
then it happens. 
Exactly. 

4631
04:19:28,300 --> 04:19:31,700
As you've said, your 
demonstrating Mastery over the 

4632
04:19:31,700 --> 04:19:35,200
cosmos itself, or at least 
that's how it appears to those, 

4633
04:19:35,200 --> 04:19:36,900
who don't understand your 
methods. 

4634
04:19:36,900 --> 04:19:40,600
But you understand your methods 
and then not magic, their 

4635
04:19:40,600 --> 04:19:44,500
mathematics, your civilization 
has developed sophisticated 

4636
04:19:44,500 --> 04:19:49,200
arithmetic, including a basic 60
counting system that will 

4637
04:19:49,200 --> 04:19:52,800
eventually give the world 60 
second minutes and 60 Minute 

4638
04:19:52,800 --> 04:19:55,100
hours. 
You use this mathematics to 

4639
04:19:55,100 --> 04:19:58,700
track Celestial Cycles, 
calculating the relationship. 

4640
04:19:58,800 --> 04:20:02,400
Between different astronomical 
periods with impressive, 

4641
04:20:02,400 --> 04:20:05,200
precision. 
The moon has been especially 

4642
04:20:05,200 --> 04:20:10,300
well studied your predecessors 
discovered the Sorrows cycle, a 

4643
04:20:10,300 --> 04:20:15,100
period of approximately 18 years
and 11 days after which eclipses

4644
04:20:15,100 --> 04:20:17,700
repeat in almost identical 
patterns. 

4645
04:20:17,700 --> 04:20:22,400
This means that if you record 
every eclipse for 18 years, you 

4646
04:20:22,400 --> 04:20:25,900
can predict eclipses for the 
next 18 years and the 18. 

4647
04:20:25,900 --> 04:20:28,900
After that. 
It's not perfect small 

4648
04:20:28,900 --> 04:20:33,600
variations accumulate over time,
but it's remarkably accurate, 

4649
04:20:33,600 --> 04:20:37,000
and it makes you appear. 
Almost prophetic to those who 

4650
04:20:37,000 --> 04:20:40,000
don't know, the mathematics 
behind your predictions. 

4651
04:20:40,000 --> 04:20:43,900
You've all been tracking the 
five visible planets though. 

4652
04:20:43,900 --> 04:20:49,300
You don't call them that yet. 
Mercury, Venus Mars, Jupiter and

4653
04:20:49,300 --> 04:20:52,200
Saturn wander among the fixed 
Stars. 

4654
04:20:52,200 --> 04:20:54,800
Each following its own complex 
path. 

4655
04:20:54,800 --> 04:20:59,200
Mercury never Strays far from 
the Sun appearing briefly, after

4656
04:20:59,200 --> 04:21:03,200
sunset, or Before Sunrise, Venus
makes its more. 

4657
04:21:03,200 --> 04:21:07,200
Dramatic appearance is becoming 
the brightest object in the sky,

4658
04:21:07,200 --> 04:21:11,000
besides the Sun and Moon. 
Mars occasionally seems to move 

4659
04:21:11,000 --> 04:21:15,100
backward a phenomenon called 
retrograde motion, that will 

4660
04:21:15,100 --> 04:21:17,200
puzzle astronomers for 
centuries. 

4661
04:21:18,400 --> 04:21:23,100
Jupiter and Saturn, move more 
slowly taking years to complete 

4662
04:21:23,100 --> 04:21:25,500
their Journeys. 
Through the Stars, these 

4663
04:21:25,500 --> 04:21:27,600
observations have practical 
applications. 

4664
04:21:27,600 --> 04:21:31,900
Your calendar based on lunar 
months, but adjusted to keep 

4665
04:21:31,900 --> 04:21:35,500
Pace with the solar year, 
requires constant monitoring to 

4666
04:21:35,500 --> 04:21:38,400
remain accurate. 
You add extra months when 

4667
04:21:38,400 --> 04:21:42,100
necessary a practice called 
intercalation to prevent the 

4668
04:21:42,100 --> 04:21:44,800
calendar from drifting away from
the seasons. 

4669
04:21:44,800 --> 04:21:48,000
This ensures that religious 
festivals occur at the 

4670
04:21:48,000 --> 04:21:51,600
appropriate times of year that 
Farmers plant at the optimal 

4671
04:21:51,600 --> 04:21:55,500
moment and that the entire 
civilization stays synchronized 

4672
04:21:55,500 --> 04:21:59,300
with natural cycles. 
But there's more than 

4673
04:21:59,300 --> 04:22:03,000
practicality at work here. 
You've begun to see patterns 

4674
04:22:03,000 --> 04:22:07,200
within patterns relationships 
between celestial events. 

4675
04:22:07,200 --> 04:22:09,900
That suggests the universe 
operates according to 

4676
04:22:09,900 --> 04:22:13,500
comprehensible rules. 
When you calculate that Mars 

4677
04:22:13,500 --> 04:22:16,400
will appear in a certain 
position relative to certain 

4678
04:22:16,400 --> 04:22:19,600
stars on a certain date and then
it happens. 

4679
04:22:19,600 --> 04:22:23,700
You're not just predicting the 
future your Glimpse in the 

4680
04:22:23,700 --> 04:22:25,500
underlying order of creation 
itself. 

4681
04:22:25,500 --> 04:22:29,800
Your culture has woven the sky 
into every aspect of life. 

4682
04:22:30,600 --> 04:22:34,800
The Zodiac those 12 patterns of 
stars through which the Sun 

4683
04:22:34,800 --> 04:22:36,500
appears to travel during the 
year. 

4684
04:22:37,200 --> 04:22:41,500
Has become a framework for 
understanding time and fate each

4685
04:22:41,500 --> 04:22:44,100
month, belongs to a different 
zodiac sign. 

4686
04:22:44,100 --> 04:22:47,800
And the position of planets 
within these signs is believed 

4687
04:22:47,800 --> 04:22:51,200
influence Earthly events. 
This is the beginning of 

4688
04:22:51,200 --> 04:22:54,800
astrology, which will later 
diverge from astronomy, but 

4689
04:22:54,800 --> 04:22:57,900
which in your time is 
inseparable from it. 

4690
04:22:58,900 --> 04:23:02,500
Both are attempts to find 
meaning in the sky to understand

4691
04:23:02,500 --> 04:23:05,900
how Celestial patterns relate to
terrestrial existence. 

4692
04:23:05,900 --> 04:23:09,500
You don't see a conflict between
the spiritual and the 

4693
04:23:09,500 --> 04:23:14,200
mathematical for you calculating
the precise moment of a lunar 

4694
04:23:14,200 --> 04:23:16,600
eclipse and believing that a 
Clips. 

4695
04:23:16,600 --> 04:23:21,400
Carries Divine significance, a 
complementary activities, the 

4696
04:23:21,400 --> 04:23:25,600
mathematics proves the divine 
order, The predictability of the

4697
04:23:25,600 --> 04:23:29,500
heavens demonstrates that the 
universe is not chaotic but 

4698
04:23:29,500 --> 04:23:32,300
rather follows laws established 
by the Gods. 

4699
04:23:33,000 --> 04:23:36,700
Your calculations are in a 
sense, a way of reading the gods

4700
04:23:36,700 --> 04:23:41,100
intention as the night deepens. 
You record your observations on 

4701
04:23:41,100 --> 04:23:42,000
a fresh. 
Clay. 

4702
04:23:42,000 --> 04:23:46,100
Tablet pressing wedge-shaped 
marks into the soft surface with

4703
04:23:46,100 --> 04:23:50,400
your reads stylists. 
Centuries from now archeologists

4704
04:23:50,400 --> 04:23:54,300
will unearth tablets like this 
and Marvel at their accuracy. 

4705
04:23:54,300 --> 04:23:58,500
They'll recognize genuine 
astronomical data recorded with 

4706
04:23:58,500 --> 04:24:02,500
scientific precision, they'll 
see that your civilization 

4707
04:24:02,500 --> 04:24:06,500
understood far more about 
Celestial mechanics than history

4708
04:24:06,500 --> 04:24:11,500
often credits you with knowing 
but for now, you're simply doing

4709
04:24:11,500 --> 04:24:17,000
your job, you're watching 
recording calculating and slowly

4710
04:24:17,000 --> 04:24:19,900
building a body of knowledge 
that will influence every 

4711
04:24:19,900 --> 04:24:24,900
civilization that follows When 
Greek astronomers later develop 

4712
04:24:24,900 --> 04:24:28,500
their models of the cosmos, 
they'll build on Babylonian 

4713
04:24:28,500 --> 04:24:32,700
observations when Islamic 
scholars, preserve an expand 

4714
04:24:32,700 --> 04:24:36,100
astronomical knowledge during 
Europe's Dark Ages, Phil 

4715
04:24:36,100 --> 04:24:39,900
reference and Mathematics when 
modern astronomy. 

4716
04:24:39,900 --> 04:24:43,100
Finally emerges, it will carry 
forward, Traditions that began 

4717
04:24:43,100 --> 04:24:45,300
on ziggurats. 
Like the one beneath your feet. 

4718
04:24:46,500 --> 04:24:50,600
Stars wheel overhead the same 
stars that Ice Age Hunters 

4719
04:24:50,600 --> 04:24:53,300
watched but you're seeing them 
differently. 

4720
04:24:53,300 --> 04:24:57,700
Now your measuring them 
calculating their movements and 

4721
04:24:57,700 --> 04:25:00,700
finding mathematical 
relationships in their patterns.

4722
04:25:01,600 --> 04:25:05,700
You've transformed them from 
mysterious lights into data 

4723
04:25:05,700 --> 04:25:09,300
points, in an increasingly 
sophisticated understanding of 

4724
04:25:09,300 --> 04:25:11,800
the cosmos. 
You've turned Wonder into 

4725
04:25:11,800 --> 04:25:13,900
science that you don't use that 
word yet. 

4726
04:25:13,900 --> 04:25:18,900
Above you the Milky Way glows 
and somewhere within it though 

4727
04:25:18,900 --> 04:25:22,300
you'll never know this, the 
light of your own sun is just 

4728
04:25:22,300 --> 04:25:26,800
one star among billions. 
But on this night in this 

4729
04:25:26,800 --> 04:25:30,900
moment, you're doing the work 
that will eventually reveal even

4730
04:25:30,900 --> 04:25:34,500
that humbling. 
Truth, your watching recording 

4731
04:25:34,500 --> 04:25:38,400
and thinking activities that 
will prove to be among 

4732
04:25:38,400 --> 04:25:41,800
Humanity's most powerful tools 
for understanding the universe. 

4733
04:25:42,800 --> 04:25:46,700
Your standing on the deck of a 
Polynesian voyaging canoe, and 

4734
04:25:46,700 --> 04:25:51,500
the year is approximately 800 
CE, the nearest land is three 

4735
04:25:51,500 --> 04:25:55,800
days behind you and the nearest 
land ahead is perhaps five days 

4736
04:25:55,800 --> 04:25:58,100
away. 
Though you won't know for 

4737
04:25:58,100 --> 04:26:00,800
certain until you see it around 
you. 

4738
04:26:00,800 --> 04:26:04,900
The Pacific Ocean extends to 
every Horizon and expanse of 

4739
04:26:04,900 --> 04:26:07,000
water. 
So vast that all the world's 

4740
04:26:07,000 --> 04:26:10,800
land could fit within it with 
room to spare and you have no 

4741
04:26:10,800 --> 04:26:15,600
instruments, no Compass, no sex,
and no GPS. 

4742
04:26:15,600 --> 04:26:20,000
You have something better, you 
have the stars and, you know, 

4743
04:26:20,000 --> 04:26:24,400
how to read them. 
Your canoe is magnificent, 60 

4744
04:26:24,400 --> 04:26:28,400
feet of a hull carved from 
breadfruit trees with two, hulls

4745
04:26:28,400 --> 04:26:31,700
joined by a platform that 
provides stability and rough 

4746
04:26:31,700 --> 04:26:35,200
Seas. 
The sale is woven from pandanus 

4747
04:26:35,200 --> 04:26:38,400
leaves and it catches the trade 
winds that will carry you, 

4748
04:26:38,400 --> 04:26:40,700
across hundreds of miles of open
ocean. 

4749
04:26:40,700 --> 04:26:44,600
You're traveling with 30 other 
people carrying plants and 

4750
04:26:44,600 --> 04:26:46,600
animals to establish on a new 
island. 

4751
04:26:46,600 --> 04:26:50,800
Assuming you find it. 
This isn't exploration for 

4752
04:26:50,800 --> 04:26:55,400
exploration sake. 
This is colonization migration. 

4753
04:26:55,400 --> 04:27:00,400
The deliberate expansion of your
people across a vast ocean and 

4754
04:27:00,400 --> 04:27:03,700
your navigating by methods, that
would seem impossible to many 

4755
04:27:03,700 --> 04:27:06,700
other cultures you have no 
written charts. 

4756
04:27:06,700 --> 04:27:10,800
You've never ridden down any 
direction or drawn any Maps, 

4757
04:27:10,800 --> 04:27:14,700
everything, you know about 
navigation, every technique, 

4758
04:27:14,700 --> 04:27:19,500
every star path, every wave 
pattern exists in your memory. 

4759
04:27:19,500 --> 04:27:23,400
And in the memories of The 
Navigators who taught you, this 

4760
04:27:23,400 --> 04:27:27,900
knowledge was passed down 
orally, demonstrated as sea and 

4761
04:27:27,900 --> 04:27:30,200
practiced, until it became 
intuitive. 

4762
04:27:31,000 --> 04:27:34,900
What looks like magic to outside
is actually a sophisticated 

4763
04:27:34,900 --> 04:27:38,500
science based on careful 
observation of natural 

4764
04:27:38,500 --> 04:27:41,900
phenomena. 
The stars are your primary tools

4765
04:27:43,300 --> 04:27:46,000
Before departing you memorize 
star paths. 

4766
04:27:46,700 --> 04:27:50,300
Specific stars that rise and set
at consistent points on the 

4767
04:27:50,300 --> 04:27:54,100
horizon, creating paths across 
the sky, that correspond to 

4768
04:27:54,108 --> 04:27:57,500
directions across the ocean. 
When you want to sail toward 

4769
04:27:57,500 --> 04:28:01,300
your destination Island, you've 
identify the appropriate staff 

4770
04:28:01,300 --> 04:28:03,400
and keep your canoe aligned with
it. 

4771
04:28:04,300 --> 04:28:09,200
As each star rises in the East 
travels across the sky and sets 

4772
04:28:09,200 --> 04:28:13,700
in the west, you use it to 
maintain your course, when one 

4773
04:28:13,700 --> 04:28:15,700
star becomes too high to use 
effectively. 

4774
04:28:15,700 --> 04:28:18,700
You switch to the next star in 
the sequence. 

4775
04:28:18,700 --> 04:28:24,300
This continues all night every 
night for as many nights as the 

4776
04:28:24,300 --> 04:28:27,600
journey requires. 
During the day, you have the sun

4777
04:28:27,600 --> 04:28:31,200
which Rises and sets at 
predictable points, depending on

4778
04:28:31,200 --> 04:28:35,000
the season. 
You also have the swells long 

4779
04:28:35,000 --> 04:28:38,400
period waves generated by 
distant storms that travel 

4780
04:28:38,400 --> 04:28:41,500
across the ocean inconsistent 
Direction's. 

4781
04:28:41,500 --> 04:28:45,000
You can feel these swells 
through the hull and sense their

4782
04:28:45,000 --> 04:28:47,800
Direction even when surface 
waves obscure them. 

4783
04:28:48,700 --> 04:28:51,600
Like combining Sun position with
swell Direction. 

4784
04:28:51,600 --> 04:28:55,600
You may maintain your course 
during daylight hours but the 

4785
04:28:55,600 --> 04:28:59,800
Stars provide the most reliable 
guidance, You know, dozens of 

4786
04:28:59,800 --> 04:29:04,000
stars by name understand their 
rising and setting points and 

4787
04:29:04,000 --> 04:29:07,600
can estimate your latitude, by 
observing, which stars passed 

4788
04:29:07,600 --> 04:29:11,700
directly overhead. 
The North Star Polaris is too 

4789
04:29:11,700 --> 04:29:15,500
far north to be useful in most 
of the Pacific, but other stars,

4790
04:29:15,500 --> 04:29:19,200
serve, similar functions, the 
Southern Cross points. 

4791
04:29:19,200 --> 04:29:24,800
South Arcturus which you call 
Hokulea passes nearly overhead 

4792
04:29:24,800 --> 04:29:28,700
at Hawaii's latitude. 
When Hawker is directly above 

4793
04:29:28,700 --> 04:29:31,700
you, you know you're at the 
correct latitude to find those 

4794
04:29:31,700 --> 04:29:34,900
islands. 
You've also memorized reference 

4795
04:29:34,900 --> 04:29:38,600
Islands, small, atolls and 
islands that lie between your 

4796
04:29:38,600 --> 04:29:42,500
starting point and destination. 
Even if you don't plan to stop 

4797
04:29:42,500 --> 04:29:45,500
at these references, knowing 
their positions, helps you 

4798
04:29:45,500 --> 04:29:49,500
navigate If you spot one of them
you can adjust your course 

4799
04:29:49,500 --> 04:29:53,700
accordingly, if you don't spot 
one, you expected to see you 

4800
04:29:53,700 --> 04:29:56,800
know you've drifted and can 
calculate the correction needed.

4801
04:29:57,700 --> 04:30:00,400
The sophistication of this 
system is staggering. 

4802
04:30:00,400 --> 04:30:03,200
You're essentially maintaining 
dead reckoning. 

4803
04:30:03,200 --> 04:30:06,600
Across hundreds or thousands of 
miles of featureless ocean 

4804
04:30:06,600 --> 04:30:10,300
updating your position. 
Constantly based on every 

4805
04:30:10,300 --> 04:30:14,300
available cue, you watch for 
clouds that form over distant 

4806
04:30:14,300 --> 04:30:18,400
Islands, invisible below the 
Horizon but revealed by the 

4807
04:30:18,400 --> 04:30:22,500
clouds they generate. 
You observe sea birds and know 

4808
04:30:22,500 --> 04:30:26,300
which species fly far from land 
and which stay close to shore 

4809
04:30:26,300 --> 04:30:30,700
you note the color of the water,
the type of floating debris and 

4810
04:30:30,700 --> 04:30:33,800
the temperature changes that 
indicate different currents. 

4811
04:30:34,500 --> 04:30:38,100
On clear nights, the navigation 
is almost relaxing. 

4812
04:30:38,100 --> 04:30:42,100
The stars are bright and 
obvious, the moon provides 

4813
04:30:42,100 --> 04:30:45,000
additional light and you can see
the Horizon clearly. 

4814
04:30:46,100 --> 04:30:48,700
But tonight clouds obscure much 
of the sky. 

4815
04:30:49,500 --> 04:30:52,700
This would Panic a less 
experienced Navigator, but 

4816
04:30:52,700 --> 04:30:56,400
you've sailed through worse 
conditions, you find gaps in the

4817
04:30:56,400 --> 04:30:59,300
clouds. 
Catch glimpses of familiar stars

4818
04:30:59,300 --> 04:31:02,000
and use those brief views to 
maintain your course. 

4819
04:31:02,800 --> 04:31:07,000
When stars aren't visible at 
all, you rely on the swells, on 

4820
04:31:07,000 --> 04:31:10,800
the winds Direction, and on 
subtle signs that others might 

4821
04:31:10,800 --> 04:31:14,600
miss entirely, your people have 
been making Journeys like this, 

4822
04:31:14,600 --> 04:31:19,300
for over 1000 Years, spreading 
across the Pacific in waves of 

4823
04:31:19,300 --> 04:31:23,500
migration that populated Islands
from Hawaii to New Zealand to 

4824
04:31:23,500 --> 04:31:26,200
Easter Island. 
This represents one of 

4825
04:31:26,208 --> 04:31:29,100
Humanity's greatest 
navigational, achievements 

4826
04:31:29,100 --> 04:31:32,900
settling thousands of Ireland 
scattered across the world's 

4827
04:31:32,900 --> 04:31:38,000
largest ocean using nothing but 
observation memory and skill 

4828
04:31:38,000 --> 04:31:42,100
cultures with metal tools and 
written languages couldn't match

4829
04:31:42,100 --> 04:31:45,300
what your people accomplished 
with wooden, canoes and oral 

4830
04:31:45,300 --> 04:31:50,500
knowledge. the key was the Stars
reliability on a notion without 

4831
04:31:50,500 --> 04:31:54,800
landmarks where currents can 
push you off course and wins can

4832
04:31:54,800 --> 04:31:59,700
shift unpredictably the Stars 
remained constant They appeared 

4833
04:31:59,700 --> 04:32:03,800
in the same positions, followed 
the same paths and maintain 

4834
04:32:03,800 --> 04:32:05,700
their same relationships to each
other. 

4835
04:32:05,700 --> 04:32:09,500
This Celestial constancy 
provided the reference frame, 

4836
04:32:09,500 --> 04:32:12,200
you needed to navigate 
terrestrial uncertainty. 

4837
04:32:13,000 --> 04:32:16,400
Your navigation is astronomy in 
its most practical form. 

4838
04:32:16,400 --> 04:32:19,600
You don't care about the 
physical nature of stars. 

4839
04:32:19,600 --> 04:32:22,400
Whether they're distant Sons or 
lights on. 

4840
04:32:22,400 --> 04:32:25,300
A celestial sphere, makes no 
difference to your work. 

4841
04:32:26,300 --> 04:32:30,100
What matters is their positions,
their movements and their 

4842
04:32:30,100 --> 04:32:34,000
usefulness as guides, you've 
developed and applied science of

4843
04:32:34,000 --> 04:32:37,600
astronomy focused, entirely on 
what works rather than why it 

4844
04:32:37,600 --> 04:32:40,300
works. 
Your theories about the cosmos. 

4845
04:32:40,300 --> 04:32:44,700
Might strike later astronomers 
as primitive But your practical 

4846
04:32:44,700 --> 04:32:48,000
knowledge of celestial 
navigation, is extraordinarily 

4847
04:32:48,000 --> 04:32:51,200
sophisticated. 
As Dawn, approaches you spot 

4848
04:32:51,200 --> 04:32:55,100
something on the horizon. 
A cloud with a greenish tinted 

4849
04:32:55,100 --> 04:32:59,000
at his base reflecting 
vegetation on an island below, 

4850
04:32:59,000 --> 04:33:03,400
its the reference at all. 
You expected to see right? 

4851
04:33:03,400 --> 04:33:06,500
Where it should be. 
You'll navigation has been 

4852
04:33:06,500 --> 04:33:09,200
accurate. 
You adjust your course, slightly

4853
04:33:09,200 --> 04:33:13,000
compensating for the current 
that pushed you, marginally East

4854
04:33:13,000 --> 04:33:17,099
during the night and continued 
toward your destination around. 

4855
04:33:17,099 --> 04:33:20,700
You, people are waking preparing
food and tending to the plants 

4856
04:33:20,700 --> 04:33:22,300
and animals. 
You're transporting. 

4857
04:33:23,099 --> 04:33:26,800
Children play on the platform 
between the hulls, two young to 

4858
04:33:26,800 --> 04:33:29,800
understand the Precision 
required to find a tiny Island 

4859
04:33:29,800 --> 04:33:33,000
in an enormous ocean. 
They'll learn though. 

4860
04:33:33,599 --> 04:33:35,900
Some of them will become 
Navigators themselves, 

4861
04:33:35,900 --> 04:33:40,500
memorizing, the same star paths,
you know, learning to read the 

4862
04:33:40,500 --> 04:33:44,800
same subtle signs and continuing
Traditions that stretch back 

4863
04:33:44,800 --> 04:33:49,000
through more Generations than 
anyone can count the sun rises 

4864
04:33:49,000 --> 04:33:53,099
and the Stars fade, your 
nighttime navigation, tools 

4865
04:33:53,099 --> 04:33:55,400
disappear. 
But you've already noted your 

4866
04:33:55,400 --> 04:33:58,900
position and set your daytime 
course in a few days. 

4867
04:33:58,900 --> 04:34:02,000
If your calculations remain 
accurate, you'll cite your 

4868
04:34:02,000 --> 04:34:06,200
destination, a new island to 
settle the new home for your 

4869
04:34:06,200 --> 04:34:10,200
people found by following lights
in the sky across an ocean. 

4870
04:34:10,200 --> 04:34:12,300
That covers nearly a third of 
the planet. 

4871
04:34:12,300 --> 04:34:15,200
The Stars didn't care about your
journey. 

4872
04:34:15,200 --> 04:34:18,500
They would have shown just as 
brightly with you were there to 

4873
04:34:18,500 --> 04:34:22,700
see the or not, but by learning 
to read them by understanding 

4874
04:34:22,700 --> 04:34:25,200
their movements with the off 
Precision to stake. 

4875
04:34:25,200 --> 04:34:28,900
Your life on that understanding,
you've transformed them from 

4876
04:34:28,900 --> 04:34:33,400
merely beautiful lights into the
most reliable tools Humanity. 

4877
04:34:33,599 --> 04:34:36,599
Is ever found for exploring the 
world. 

4878
04:34:36,599 --> 04:34:40,400
You've proven that careful 
observation and rigorous mental 

4879
04:34:40,400 --> 04:34:42,000
training. 
Can overcome seemingly 

4880
04:34:42,000 --> 04:34:46,200
impossible challenges? 
You've shown that the sky is 

4881
04:34:46,200 --> 04:34:48,000
more than something to wonder 
at. 

4882
04:34:48,599 --> 04:34:53,400
It's something to use to rely on
and to trust with your survival 

4883
04:34:53,400 --> 04:34:56,400
and in doing. 
So you've continued the project 

4884
04:34:56,400 --> 04:34:58,700
begun by those Ice Age 
observers. 

4885
04:34:58,700 --> 04:35:02,300
The long patient work of 
understanding what those lights 

4886
04:35:02,300 --> 04:35:04,500
are and what they can tell us 
about the world. 

4887
04:35:04,500 --> 04:35:08,700
We inhabit your standing in the 
Library of Alexandria and the 

4888
04:35:08,700 --> 04:35:12,900
year is approximately 200 BCE 
the rumor around. 

4889
04:35:12,900 --> 04:35:16,200
You can contains hundreds of 
thousands, of Scrolls, the 

4890
04:35:16,200 --> 04:35:19,200
accumulated, knowledge of the 
ancient world gathered from 

4891
04:35:19,200 --> 04:35:21,599
every culture. 
The Hellenistic Empire has 

4892
04:35:21,599 --> 04:35:26,200
touched But right now, you're 
not interested in poetry or 

4893
04:35:26,200 --> 04:35:28,800
philosophy. 
Your focused on a particular. 

4894
04:35:28,800 --> 04:35:31,900
Scroll that contains 
astronomical observations from 

4895
04:35:31,900 --> 04:35:35,500
Babylon and you're trying to 
reconcile those observations 

4896
04:35:35,500 --> 04:35:39,400
with a new geometric model of 
the cosmos you are in the 

4897
04:35:39,400 --> 04:35:42,400
terminology of your time, a 
mathematician and natural 

4898
04:35:42,400 --> 04:35:46,000
philosopher, though, later ages 
will call you an astronomer. 

4899
04:35:46,000 --> 04:35:50,200
Your name might be remembered, 
perhaps your aristarchus or 

4900
04:35:50,200 --> 04:35:54,099
eratosthenes or hipparchus or it
might be forgotten. 

4901
04:35:54,099 --> 04:35:57,200
Lost among the thousands of 
Scholars who worked in 

4902
04:35:57,207 --> 04:35:59,500
Alexandria during its golden 
age. 

4903
04:35:59,500 --> 04:36:03,099
But whether or not your 
individual name, survives the 

4904
04:36:03,099 --> 04:36:05,300
work you're doing. 
Will change Humanity's 

4905
04:36:05,300 --> 04:36:08,500
relationship with the sky 
forever. you're not just 

4906
04:36:08,500 --> 04:36:12,400
observing the heavens anymore, 
your measuring them, this 

4907
04:36:12,400 --> 04:36:17,200
represents a fundamental shift 
in approach early civilizations 

4908
04:36:17,200 --> 04:36:21,300
watched the sky and recorded 
what they saw identifying 

4909
04:36:21,300 --> 04:36:24,700
patterns and using those 
patterns for practical purposes 

4910
04:36:25,500 --> 04:36:28,300
You're doing something 
different, you're asking 

4911
04:36:28,308 --> 04:36:32,599
quantitative questions and 
demanding numerical answers, not

4912
04:36:32,599 --> 04:36:34,500
just where does the sun appear 
to move? 

4913
04:36:34,500 --> 04:36:38,500
But how large is the Sun? 
Not just do the stars move, but 

4914
04:36:38,500 --> 04:36:42,599
how far away are they? 
Your culture has advantages that

4915
04:36:42,599 --> 04:36:46,300
earlier observers lacked Greek 
mathematics has developed 

4916
04:36:46,300 --> 04:36:49,000
geometric tools. 
Powerful enough to model 

4917
04:36:49,000 --> 04:36:53,099
Celestial mechanics, your 
understanding of circles angles 

4918
04:36:53,099 --> 04:36:56,200
and ratios allows you to make 
calculations that would have 

4919
04:36:56,207 --> 04:36:59,700
been impossible for the 
Babylonians despite their 

4920
04:36:59,700 --> 04:37:02,700
sophisticated arithmetic. 
You also have access to 

4921
04:37:02,700 --> 04:37:06,599
centuries of Babylonian 
observations giving you data 

4922
04:37:06,599 --> 04:37:09,900
spanning longer periods than any
single lifetime could provide 

4923
04:37:09,900 --> 04:37:13,599
consider eritos. 
These famous calculation of 

4924
04:37:13,599 --> 04:37:17,099
Earth circumference performed 
right here in Alexandria, 

4925
04:37:17,099 --> 04:37:21,400
roughly 50 years ago. 
He noticed that at noon on the 

4926
04:37:21,400 --> 04:37:25,800
summer solstice, The sun was 
directly overhead in seen 

4927
04:37:25,800 --> 04:37:30,000
casting no Shadow. 
While in Alexandria It cast a 

4928
04:37:30,000 --> 04:37:33,800
shadow corresponding to an angle
of approximately 7 degrees. 

4929
04:37:33,800 --> 04:37:37,300
By measuring the distance 
between these cities and using 

4930
04:37:37,300 --> 04:37:40,300
basic geometry. 
He calculated Earth's 

4931
04:37:40,300 --> 04:37:44,400
circumference with remarkable 
accuracy, this wasn't just 

4932
04:37:44,400 --> 04:37:46,400
clever. 
It was revolutionary. 

4933
04:37:46,400 --> 04:37:50,700
He'd measured the size of the 
entire planet using nothing but 

4934
04:37:50,700 --> 04:37:54,900
Shadows, angles and reasoning. 
Your attempting something. 

4935
04:37:54,900 --> 04:38:00,300
Similarly audacious Calculating 
the distance to the Moon, you 

4936
04:38:00,300 --> 04:38:03,300
know, that during a lunar 
eclipse, Earth's Shadow falls on

4937
04:38:03,300 --> 04:38:06,500
the moon and by carefully 
measuring the Shadows size 

4938
04:38:06,500 --> 04:38:10,300
relative to the moon's diameter.
You can determine the ratio of 

4939
04:38:10,308 --> 04:38:13,300
distances. 
The mathematics is tricky. 

4940
04:38:13,300 --> 04:38:18,300
You need precise observations of
eclipses, careful, measurements 

4941
04:38:18,300 --> 04:38:21,900
of angles and sophisticated 
geometric reasoning, but it's 

4942
04:38:21,900 --> 04:38:24,400
doable. 
And when you finish, you'll have

4943
04:38:24,400 --> 04:38:28,500
a number, the Moon is 
approximately 60, Earth radii 

4944
04:38:28,500 --> 04:38:31,700
away. 
This is astonishing accuracy for

4945
04:38:31,700 --> 04:38:35,200
observations made with naked 
eyes and simple measuring tools.

4946
04:38:35,200 --> 04:38:39,700
You have no telescope's, no 
Precision Instruments, just 

4947
04:38:39,700 --> 04:38:44,300
calibrated sticks, and circles 
divided, into degrees yet. 

4948
04:38:44,300 --> 04:38:48,200
Your determining Cosmic distance
is measuring the unmeasurable 

4949
04:38:48,200 --> 04:38:51,599
pulling numbers from what had 
been pure mystery. 

4950
04:38:52,400 --> 04:38:55,800
Other scholars in Alexandria 
attacking different questions. 

4951
04:38:55,800 --> 04:39:00,400
Aristarchus is proposed 
something radical, perhaps Earth

4952
04:39:00,400 --> 04:39:05,000
orbits the sun rather than the 
reverse his geometric arguments 

4953
04:39:05,000 --> 04:39:08,300
are compelling. 
If Earth circles the sun, it 

4954
04:39:08,300 --> 04:39:11,800
explains certain observations 
about planetary motions more 

4955
04:39:11,800 --> 04:39:13,700
elegantly than the traditional 
model. 

4956
04:39:14,599 --> 04:39:19,099
But his idea faces resistance. 
If Earth moves shouldn't, we 

4957
04:39:19,099 --> 04:39:23,300
feel it shouldn't the Stars 
shift position as Earth travels 

4958
04:39:23,300 --> 04:39:27,099
around its orbit. 
The lack of observable, stellar 

4959
04:39:27,099 --> 04:39:29,500
parallax. 
The apparent shift in Star 

4960
04:39:29,500 --> 04:39:32,900
positions caused by. 
Earth's motion seems to argue 

4961
04:39:32,900 --> 04:39:36,500
against a moving Earth. 
What aristarchus doesn't know is

4962
04:39:36,500 --> 04:39:39,400
that he's right? 
But the stars are far more 

4963
04:39:39,400 --> 04:39:43,900
distant than anyone imagines. 
The Parallax exists, but it's 

4964
04:39:43,900 --> 04:39:46,200
too small to detect without 
telescopes. 

4965
04:39:46,200 --> 04:39:50,800
His correct Theory will be 
largely forgotten, buried under 

4966
04:39:50,800 --> 04:39:54,500
the weight of common sense that 
insists the Solid Ground beneath

4967
04:39:54,500 --> 04:39:57,700
our feet must be stationary. 
Truth. 

4968
04:39:57,700 --> 04:40:02,200
Sometimes loses to intuition. 
At least temporarily you're also

4969
04:40:02,200 --> 04:40:05,800
working on cataloging stars with
unprecedented precision. 

4970
04:40:07,000 --> 04:40:10,300
Your predecessor had Parker's 
created a star catalog that 

4971
04:40:10,300 --> 04:40:14,900
listed roughly 1000 Stars noting
their positions and relative 

4972
04:40:14,900 --> 04:40:19,500
brightnesses, you're expanding 
this, work adding more stars, 

4973
04:40:19,500 --> 04:40:23,700
refining the measurements and 
developing a magnitude system to

4974
04:40:23,700 --> 04:40:27,300
classify brightness. 
This might seem like me a 

4975
04:40:27,300 --> 04:40:31,500
bookkeeping, but it's crucial to
understand how the heavens 

4976
04:40:31,500 --> 04:40:33,700
change. 
You first need to know their 

4977
04:40:33,700 --> 04:40:36,900
normal state, Only with precise 
catalogs. 

4978
04:40:36,900 --> 04:40:41,600
Can you detect phenomena like 
Novi new stars that appear when 

4979
04:40:41,600 --> 04:40:45,900
none existed before Or tracks 
subtle changes in planetary 

4980
04:40:45,900 --> 04:40:49,800
positions, the geometric models,
you're developing represent 

4981
04:40:49,800 --> 04:40:52,200
Humanities first serious 
attempts. 

4982
04:40:52,200 --> 04:40:54,000
At explaining Celestial 
mechanics. 

4983
04:40:54,000 --> 04:40:58,200
You describe the cosmos as a 
series of nested spheres. 

4984
04:40:58,200 --> 04:41:02,200
Each carrying different, 
celestial objects, all rotating 

4985
04:41:02,200 --> 04:41:05,700
around Earth at the center. 
It's wrong in most details. 

4986
04:41:05,700 --> 04:41:10,400
But the approaches sound, create
a mathematical model tested 

4987
04:41:10,400 --> 04:41:14,000
against observations and refine 
it when discrepancies appear. 

4988
04:41:15,000 --> 04:41:17,400
This is science. 
Even if the specific 

4989
04:41:17,400 --> 04:41:19,700
conclusions, will later be 
overturned. 

4990
04:41:19,700 --> 04:41:22,900
Your particularly interested in 
planetary motion. 

4991
04:41:23,700 --> 04:41:28,700
The five visible planets 
Mercury, Venus Mars, Jupiter, 

4992
04:41:28,700 --> 04:41:32,100
and Saturn wander Among the 
Stars in ways. 

4993
04:41:32,100 --> 04:41:36,300
That simple circular motion. 
Can't explain Mars, occasionally

4994
04:41:36,300 --> 04:41:40,100
appears to stop move backward, 
then resume its normal 

4995
04:41:40,100 --> 04:41:43,300
Direction. 
How can this be if planets? 

4996
04:41:43,300 --> 04:41:48,100
Move on simple circles? 
Your solution involves epicycles

4997
04:41:48,100 --> 04:41:53,100
small circles who centers travel
along larger circles, a planet 

4998
04:41:53,100 --> 04:41:56,700
moves along its epicycle while 
the epicycle center moves, along

4999
04:41:56,700 --> 04:42:00,600
a larger circle around Earth. 
With the right combination of 

5000
04:42:00,600 --> 04:42:04,500
circles, moving at the right 
speed, you can match observed, 

5001
04:42:04,500 --> 04:42:08,400
planetary motions quite. 
Well, the model is complicated, 

5002
04:42:08,400 --> 04:42:12,000
requiring, multiple Epistles for
some planets but it works. 

5003
04:42:12,000 --> 04:42:15,700
It predicts where planets will 
appear in the sky months or 

5004
04:42:15,700 --> 04:42:18,700
years in advance. 
This model will dominate 

5005
04:42:18,700 --> 04:42:23,100
astronomy for over 1000 Years. 
Not because people are stubborn 

5006
04:42:23,100 --> 04:42:27,400
or ignorant but because it's 
genuinely useful, it predicts 

5007
04:42:27,400 --> 04:42:30,600
Celestial phenomena accurately 
enough for navigation. 

5008
04:42:30,600 --> 04:42:33,900
Calendar, making and other 
practical purposes. 

5009
04:42:33,900 --> 04:42:37,000
The fact that it's based on 
incorrect, assumptions about 

5010
04:42:37,000 --> 04:42:39,800
Earth's, and Trilogy doesn't 
matter for prediction. 

5011
04:42:39,800 --> 04:42:44,700
A wrong model that works is more
useful than no model at all, but

5012
04:42:44,700 --> 04:42:46,600
something else is happening in 
your work. 

5013
04:42:46,600 --> 04:42:49,600
That transcend any specific 
model or measurement. 

5014
04:42:50,800 --> 04:42:53,900
Your establishing the principle 
that the Universe operates 

5015
04:42:53,900 --> 04:42:58,100
according to mathematical laws, 
discoverable through reason and 

5016
04:42:58,100 --> 04:43:00,400
observation. 
The heavens aren't merely 

5017
04:43:00,400 --> 04:43:03,300
mysterious or Divine their 
comprehensible. 

5018
04:43:03,300 --> 04:43:07,400
They follow rules. 
Those rules can be written down,

5019
04:43:07,400 --> 04:43:12,200
calculated and predicted. 
This idea more than any 

5020
04:43:12,200 --> 04:43:16,200
particular Discovery is your 
culture's greatest contribution 

5021
04:43:16,200 --> 04:43:19,700
to astronomy as evening Falls 
and you finally leave the 

5022
04:43:19,700 --> 04:43:21,800
library. 
You walk out into the 

5023
04:43:21,800 --> 04:43:27,100
Mediterranean night The stars 
are emerging the same stars that

5024
04:43:27,100 --> 04:43:31,200
I Sage Hunters watched. 
That Babylonian priests tracked 

5025
04:43:31,200 --> 04:43:33,700
and that Polynesian Navigators 
followed. 

5026
04:43:33,700 --> 04:43:38,000
But you see them differently. 
Now you don't just observe them,

5027
04:43:38,000 --> 04:43:41,500
you measure them. 
You don't merely note their 

5028
04:43:41,500 --> 04:43:45,300
patterns, you create 
mathematical models to explain 

5029
04:43:45,300 --> 04:43:48,600
those patterns. 
You've transformed them from 

5030
04:43:48,600 --> 04:43:52,200
objects of wonder, in to objects
of study. 

5031
04:43:52,200 --> 04:43:56,300
The transformation isn't 
complete, of course, many of 

5032
04:43:56,300 --> 04:43:59,500
your measurements are rough. 
Many of your models are wrong 

5033
04:43:59,500 --> 04:44:03,100
and many questions remain 
unanswerable with your current 

5034
04:44:03,100 --> 04:44:07,300
tools but you've established 
something crucial the project of

5035
04:44:07,300 --> 04:44:10,500
understanding the cosmos through
mathematics and systematic 

5036
04:44:10,500 --> 04:44:13,600
observation. 
You show that human reason can 

5037
04:44:13,600 --> 04:44:17,600
grapple with Celestial phenomena
that the Apparently unreachable 

5038
04:44:17,600 --> 04:44:20,400
can be measured. 
And that Mysteries can become 

5039
04:44:20,400 --> 04:44:24,400
mathematics somewhere in your 
calculations and models buried 

5040
04:44:24,400 --> 04:44:28,600
in geometric, diagrams and 
numerical tables lie, the seeds 

5041
04:44:28,600 --> 04:44:31,400
of Revelation that won't flower 
for centuries. 

5042
04:44:32,300 --> 04:44:35,700
Your work on Stellar positions, 
will eventually prove Earth 

5043
04:44:35,700 --> 04:44:38,500
moves. 
Your geometric techniques will 

5044
04:44:38,500 --> 04:44:41,100
help demonstrate the vast scale 
of the cosmos. 

5045
04:44:42,000 --> 04:44:46,100
Your insistence that observation
must match Theory will become 

5046
04:44:46,100 --> 04:44:50,700
the foundation of the scientific
method, but tonight, you're 

5047
04:44:50,700 --> 04:44:53,600
simply satisfied to have added a
few more measurements to 

5048
04:44:53,600 --> 04:44:58,500
Humanities growing understanding
of the heavens, the stars shine 

5049
04:44:58,500 --> 04:45:02,400
on indifferent to your 
calculations but you've measured

5050
04:45:02,400 --> 04:45:05,300
their positions with 
unprecedented Precision. 

5051
04:45:05,300 --> 04:45:10,100
You've turned skywards mystery 
into Earthly mathematics, you've

5052
04:45:10,100 --> 04:45:14,000
continued, the long journey from
one to understanding and that 

5053
04:45:14,000 --> 04:45:18,200
journey is far from over. 
You're on a rooftop in Padua, 

5054
04:45:18,200 --> 04:45:22,700
Italy and the year is 16009 in 
your hands. 

5055
04:45:22,700 --> 04:45:25,700
You hold an instrument that will
change human understanding of 

5056
04:45:25,700 --> 04:45:28,100
the cosmos more profoundly than 
anything. 

5057
04:45:28,100 --> 04:45:32,000
Since the invention of 
mathematics itself, it's a tube 

5058
04:45:32,000 --> 04:45:34,800
roughly three feet, long fitted 
with carefully. 

5059
04:45:34,800 --> 04:45:38,400
Ground lenses as a teacher and 
capable of magnifying distant 

5060
04:45:38,400 --> 04:45:43,100
objects, approximately 20 times 
you call it a telescope from 

5061
04:45:43,100 --> 04:45:47,400
Greek Roots, meaning fasting. 
And tonight your about, to turn 

5062
04:45:47,400 --> 04:45:51,300
it towards the sky for perhaps 
the hundredth time, each session

5063
04:45:51,300 --> 04:45:54,300
revealing something new that 
contradicts centuries of 

5064
04:45:54,300 --> 04:45:57,900
accepted truth. 
The device itself is barely a 

5065
04:45:57,900 --> 04:46:02,000
year old, at least in its 
current form Dutch, spectacle 

5066
04:46:02,000 --> 04:46:05,300
makers, discovered that certain 
combinations of lenses could 

5067
04:46:05,300 --> 04:46:09,400
magnify distant objects and when
you heard about this, you 

5068
04:46:09,400 --> 04:46:11,400
immediately recognized its 
potential. 

5069
04:46:11,400 --> 04:46:16,000
You've spent months, grinding 
lenses, testing configurations, 

5070
04:46:16,000 --> 04:46:19,400
and improving the design until 
you achieved magnifications. 

5071
04:46:19,400 --> 04:46:21,500
Far beyond what the Dutch 
achieved. 

5072
04:46:22,400 --> 04:46:26,100
Where they saw a novelty, you 
saw a revolution your 

5073
04:46:26,100 --> 04:46:28,500
colleagues. 
At the University of Padua were 

5074
04:46:28,500 --> 04:46:32,100
initially skeptical. 
Some refused to even look 

5075
04:46:32,100 --> 04:46:34,400
through the device. 
Insisting that. 

5076
04:46:34,400 --> 04:46:38,000
Anything seen through glass 
lenses must be an artifact or 

5077
04:46:38,000 --> 04:46:41,100
Illusion rather than reality, 
others looked. 

5078
04:46:41,100 --> 04:46:44,700
But dismissed what they saw 
unable to reconcile of 

5079
04:46:44,700 --> 04:46:47,400
observations with their 
understanding of how the cosmos 

5080
04:46:47,400 --> 04:46:50,800
should work. 
But you've persisted and your 

5081
04:46:50,800 --> 04:46:53,500
observations have become 
increasingly difficult to 

5082
04:46:53,500 --> 04:46:57,000
dismiss tonight. 
Your focusing on Jupiter. 

5083
04:46:57,900 --> 04:47:00,800
You've been watching this planet
for weeks now and what you've 

5084
04:47:00,800 --> 04:47:05,400
discovered is staggering. 
Jupiter has moons at least four 

5085
04:47:05,400 --> 04:47:09,500
of them visible as Tiny Points 
of Light arranged in a line 

5086
04:47:09,500 --> 04:47:13,700
extending from the planets 
bright disk Night by Night. 

5087
04:47:13,700 --> 04:47:18,400
You've watched, these moons 
change position orbiting Jupiter

5088
04:47:18,400 --> 04:47:20,700
exactly as the moon orbits 
Earth. 

5089
04:47:20,700 --> 04:47:24,400
This is revolutionary because it
proves that not everything in 

5090
04:47:24,400 --> 04:47:28,300
the heavens orbits Earth. 
Here is a Celestial body with 

5091
04:47:28,300 --> 04:47:31,700
its own satellites. 
A miniature planetary system 

5092
04:47:31,700 --> 04:47:35,400
that demolishes the 
earth-centered cosmos accepted 

5093
04:47:35,400 --> 04:47:39,200
since ancient times you've been 
keeping detailed records 

5094
04:47:39,200 --> 04:47:42,900
sketching Jupiter's moons in 
different positions, each night 

5095
04:47:42,900 --> 04:47:45,500
and calculating their orbital 
periods. 

5096
04:47:46,600 --> 04:47:51,200
The innermost Moon completes its
orbit in roughly 42 hours, the 

5097
04:47:51,200 --> 04:47:55,600
outermost takes about 16 days. 
A Precision of their movements 

5098
04:47:55,600 --> 04:47:58,400
is beautiful. 
Their following the same 

5099
04:47:58,400 --> 04:48:01,600
mathematical laws that govern 
the moon's orbit around Earth, 

5100
04:48:01,600 --> 04:48:06,000
suggesting Universal principles,
rather than special cases. 

5101
04:48:06,900 --> 04:48:09,400
But Jupiter's moons aren't your 
only Discovery. 

5102
04:48:09,400 --> 04:48:15,100
The moon Earth's moon has been 
equally revelatory Through your 

5103
04:48:15,100 --> 04:48:18,400
telescope, the smooth. 
Perfect, sphere described by 

5104
04:48:18,400 --> 04:48:23,000
ancient philosophers transforms 
into a rough mountainous world. 

5105
04:48:23,000 --> 04:48:26,700
You see? 
Craters, valleys and towering 

5106
04:48:26,700 --> 04:48:28,700
Peaks. 
That cast Long Shadows across, 

5107
04:48:28,700 --> 04:48:31,700
Luna Plains. 
You've even measured the height 

5108
04:48:31,700 --> 04:48:35,900
of some mountains by calculating
Shadow lengths finding Peaks 

5109
04:48:35,900 --> 04:48:38,000
that rival. 
Earth's highest Summits. 

5110
04:48:38,000 --> 04:48:41,100
The moon isn't a perfect 
celestial object made of 

5111
04:48:41,100 --> 04:48:43,200
quintessence as Aristotle 
claimed. 

5112
04:48:43,200 --> 04:48:47,100
It's a world is physical and a 
regular as Earth itself. 

5113
04:48:48,100 --> 04:48:51,900
Venus has provided more evidence
against earth-centered models 

5114
04:48:51,900 --> 04:48:55,300
through your telescope. 
You've observed that Venus goes 

5115
04:48:55,300 --> 04:48:58,600
through phases, like the moon. 
Sometimes appearing as a 

5116
04:48:58,608 --> 04:49:02,100
crescent sometimes as a 
gibberish shape and sometimes 

5117
04:49:02,100 --> 04:49:04,600
nearly full, this only makes 
sense. 

5118
04:49:04,600 --> 04:49:08,900
If Venus orbits the sun passing 
between us and the sun, when it 

5119
04:49:08,900 --> 04:49:12,300
appears as a crescent and moving
beyond the sun, when it appears 

5120
04:49:12,300 --> 04:49:16,000
full in an earth-centered 
system, where Venus orbits 

5121
04:49:16,000 --> 04:49:19,500
between Earth and the Sun, it 
should only ever appear as a 

5122
04:49:19,500 --> 04:49:24,000
crescent. the phases of Venus 
are direct evidence for a 

5123
04:49:24,000 --> 04:49:27,300
sun-centered solar system, 
you've also been observing the 

5124
04:49:27,300 --> 04:49:31,000
sun itself using projection 
methods to avoid damaging your 

5125
04:49:31,008 --> 04:49:34,600
eyes The sun. 
Supposedly the most perfect 

5126
04:49:34,600 --> 04:49:39,500
celestial object is marked with 
spots, dark blemishes that 

5127
04:49:39,500 --> 04:49:44,800
appear change shape and 
disappear over days or weeks by 

5128
04:49:44,800 --> 04:49:47,900
tracking these spots. 
You've determined that the sun 

5129
04:49:47,900 --> 04:49:52,100
rotates completing one 
revolution, approximately every 

5130
04:49:52,100 --> 04:49:57,400
27 days, This rotation combined,
with the imperfect nature of 

5131
04:49:57,400 --> 04:50:01,900
sunspots further demolishes, the
idea of celestial Perfection, 

5132
04:50:01,900 --> 04:50:04,600
the Milky Way has revealed its 
Secret. 

5133
04:50:05,400 --> 04:50:08,900
To the naked eye, it appears as 
a hazy band of light across the 

5134
04:50:08,900 --> 04:50:13,600
sky through your telescope. 
It resolves into thousands upon 

5135
04:50:13,600 --> 04:50:18,600
thousands of individual Stars 
two distant and numerous to see 

5136
04:50:18,600 --> 04:50:21,600
separately without 
magnification, this suggests, 

5137
04:50:21,600 --> 04:50:26,300
the universe contains far more 
stars than anyone imagined Not 

5138
04:50:26,300 --> 04:50:30,100
the few thousand visible to the 
naked eye, but potentially, 

5139
04:50:30,100 --> 04:50:35,400
millions or billions extending 
far beyond what early 

5140
04:50:35,400 --> 04:50:39,000
astronomers thought possible. 
Each of these observations 

5141
04:50:39,000 --> 04:50:41,000
contradicts established 
Doctrine. 

5142
04:50:41,800 --> 04:50:46,400
The church's cosmology based on 
Aristotle and Ptolemy places 

5143
04:50:46,400 --> 04:50:51,000
Earth at the center of a smaller
ordered Universe with perfect 

5144
04:50:51,000 --> 04:50:54,700
celestial bodies. 
Moving on, perfect circles your 

5145
04:50:54,700 --> 04:50:59,000
observations suggest, a vastly 
larger universe within perfect 

5146
04:50:59,000 --> 04:51:04,100
celestial bodies where Earth is 
not Central You're not trying to

5147
04:51:04,100 --> 04:51:08,100
challenge religious Authority, 
You're simply reporting what you

5148
04:51:08,100 --> 04:51:13,000
see, but the implications are 
impossible to ignore the 

5149
04:51:13,000 --> 04:51:15,400
resistance you face isn't 
entirely unreasonable. 

5150
04:51:15,400 --> 04:51:20,600
Your telescope is new technology
and its reliability isn't yet 

5151
04:51:20,600 --> 04:51:23,800
proven. 
How can anyone be certain that 

5152
04:51:23,800 --> 04:51:27,900
what appears in the telescope 
truly represents reality rather 

5153
04:51:27,900 --> 04:51:30,800
than optical illusions created 
by lenses? 

5154
04:51:30,800 --> 04:51:36,000
Your response is pragmatic The 
telescope accurately shows 

5155
04:51:36,000 --> 04:51:40,700
distant terrestrial objects. 
Ships that are below the Horizon

5156
04:51:40,700 --> 04:51:45,200
and buildings in distant cities.
If it works. 

5157
04:51:45,200 --> 04:51:48,500
Reliably for Earthly 
observations, why should 

5158
04:51:48,500 --> 04:51:51,100
Celestial observations be 
different? 

5159
04:51:51,100 --> 04:51:55,200
You're also making your findings
public publishing your 

5160
04:51:55,200 --> 04:51:58,500
observations in language 
accessible to educated readers. 

5161
04:51:58,500 --> 04:52:03,700
Not just in Latin for Scholars. 
Your book sidereus, nuncius, The

5162
04:52:03,700 --> 04:52:07,400
Starry Messenger, spread your 
discoveries across Europe within

5163
04:52:07,400 --> 04:52:11,000
months other observers with 
telescope's confirm your 

5164
04:52:11,000 --> 04:52:14,400
findings. 
Jupiter's moons can be seen by 

5165
04:52:14,400 --> 04:52:16,700
anyone with adequate 
magnification. 

5166
04:52:16,700 --> 04:52:21,200
The phases of Venus are 
independently verified and the 

5167
04:52:21,200 --> 04:52:23,800
moon's, mountains are 
photographed with increasing 

5168
04:52:23,800 --> 04:52:28,900
detail as telescope technology. 
Improves cumulative weight of 

5169
04:52:28,908 --> 04:52:33,000
these observations forces, a 
revolution in thought, The 

5170
04:52:33,000 --> 04:52:36,600
cosmos is not small ordered and 
geocentric. 

5171
04:52:36,600 --> 04:52:41,300
Its vast. 
Perhaps infinite with Earth is 

5172
04:52:41,300 --> 04:52:44,900
just one planet among several 
orbiting and ordinary star. 

5173
04:52:44,900 --> 04:52:48,700
This Insight is simultaneously 
humbling and exhilarating. 

5174
04:52:49,700 --> 04:52:53,700
Humanity has been demoted from 
the center of creation, but in 

5175
04:52:53,700 --> 04:52:57,600
exchange, we've discovered a far
grander Universe than anyone 

5176
04:52:57,600 --> 04:53:00,900
imagined as you pack up your 
telescope for the night. 

5177
04:53:00,900 --> 04:53:03,900
You reflect on how one simple 
device. 

5178
04:53:03,900 --> 04:53:08,400
A tube with lenses has 
demolished Millennia of accepted

5179
04:53:08,400 --> 04:53:11,100
truth. 
The ancient Greeks would have 

5180
04:53:11,100 --> 04:53:12,900
given anything for this 
technology. 

5181
04:53:12,900 --> 04:53:16,500
They had the mathematical 
sophistication to understand 

5182
04:53:16,500 --> 04:53:19,600
what you're seeing but they 
lacked the tools to see it. 

5183
04:53:19,600 --> 04:53:23,100
The observations that would have
resolved their debates about 

5184
04:53:23,100 --> 04:53:25,600
Earth's motion were always there
in the sky. 

5185
04:53:26,400 --> 04:53:29,700
Invisible only because human 
eyes could not detect them 

5186
04:53:29,700 --> 04:53:32,700
without help this raises a 
humbling question. 

5187
04:53:32,700 --> 04:53:37,000
What else is in the sky that you
can't see even with your 

5188
04:53:37,000 --> 04:53:40,600
telescope? 
Your instrument magnifies 20 

5189
04:53:40,600 --> 04:53:45,000
times, which is impressive, but 
surely this isn't the limit of 

5190
04:53:45,000 --> 04:53:48,000
what's possible future observers
with better. 

5191
04:53:48,000 --> 04:53:51,000
Telescopes will undoubtedly see 
things you're missing. 

5192
04:53:51,700 --> 04:53:54,600
How much larger is the universe 
than what you can see. 

5193
04:53:55,500 --> 04:53:58,800
How many more discoveries await?
Merely better technology. 

5194
04:53:58,800 --> 04:54:02,800
You don't know it yet. 
But your telescope represents 

5195
04:54:02,800 --> 04:54:06,500
the first of many technological 
leaps that will progressively 

5196
04:54:06,500 --> 04:54:10,400
reveal the cosmos is true 
nature, better lenses, then 

5197
04:54:10,400 --> 04:54:14,200
reflecting telescopes, then 
photography then spectroscopy, 

5198
04:54:14,200 --> 04:54:18,100
then radio astronomy, then 
space-based telescope for free 

5199
04:54:18,100 --> 04:54:22,500
from atmospheric Distortion. 
Each advancement will reveal new

5200
04:54:22,500 --> 04:54:29,300
phenomena answer old questions 
and raise new Mysteries, your 17

5201
04:54:29,300 --> 04:55:00,100
enchantment. 
You can't quite resolved, the 

5202
04:55:00,100 --> 04:55:01,600
rings with your current 
telescope. 

5203
04:55:01,600 --> 04:55:05,000
But you know something, odd 
extends from the planet's sides 

5204
04:55:05,000 --> 04:55:07,400
and Mars with hints of surface 
features. 

5205
04:55:07,400 --> 04:55:09,900
You've lived through one of 
History's. 

5206
04:55:09,900 --> 04:55:12,000
Great turning points. 
The moment. 

5207
04:55:12,000 --> 04:55:16,200
When Humanity first saw the 
cosmos as it truly is, rather 

5208
04:55:16,200 --> 04:55:20,000
than as we imagined it must be 
the implications will take 

5209
04:55:20,000 --> 04:55:23,900
generations to fully understand 
that, the basic fact is clear, 

5210
04:55:23,900 --> 04:55:28,800
we are far smaller and the 
universe far larger than anyone 

5211
04:55:28,800 --> 04:55:32,300
dreamed. 
And that's wonderful because it 

5212
04:55:32,300 --> 04:55:36,500
means there's so much more to 
discover so many more Mysteries 

5213
04:55:36,500 --> 04:55:40,600
waiting in the dark between the 
Stars, your working in a 

5214
04:55:40,600 --> 04:55:45,300
Cambridge office and the year is
approximately 1700 and 2026 

5215
04:55:45,300 --> 04:55:49,600
papers cover your desk 
calculations, diagrams, and 

5216
04:55:49,600 --> 04:55:52,100
observations from astronomers 
across Europe. 

5217
04:55:52,100 --> 04:55:55,400
Your attempting something that 
many colleagues consider 

5218
04:55:55,400 --> 04:55:58,100
impossible. 
You're trying to calculate the 

5219
04:55:58,600 --> 04:56:02,400
To a comet using nothing but 
geometric principles and 

5220
04:56:02,400 --> 04:56:04,600
observations from multiple 
locations. 

5221
04:56:04,600 --> 04:56:09,100
If you succeed, you'll prove 
that comets are distant 

5222
04:56:09,100 --> 04:56:12,900
celestial objects, rather than 
atmospheric phenomena and you'll

5223
04:56:12,900 --> 04:56:16,000
demonstrate that mathematics can
measure even the seemingly 

5224
04:56:16,000 --> 04:56:19,800
unmeasurable, your name is 
Edmond Halley and you've 

5225
04:56:19,800 --> 04:56:22,900
dedicated much of your career to
understanding Celestial 

5226
04:56:22,900 --> 04:56:25,500
mechanics. 
You've been fascinated by 

5227
04:56:25,500 --> 04:56:28,300
comets. 
Those mysterious objects that 

5228
04:56:28,300 --> 04:56:32,200
appear unpredictably Blaze 
across the sky for weeks or 

5229
04:56:32,200 --> 04:56:36,600
months, then vanish Aristotle. 
Believed they were atmospheric 

5230
04:56:36,600 --> 04:56:40,900
disturbances weather phenomena 
rather than celestial objects. 

5231
04:56:40,900 --> 04:56:45,500
This view persisted for 
centuries but your convinced 

5232
04:56:45,500 --> 04:56:49,400
Aristotle was wrong. 
The evidence is in the geometry.

5233
04:56:49,400 --> 04:56:53,500
You have observations of comets 
from different locations on 

5234
04:56:53,500 --> 04:56:56,700
Earth, measured carefully by 
skilled astronomers. 

5235
04:56:56,700 --> 04:57:00,600
If comets were atmospheric 
phenomena relatively close to 

5236
04:57:00,600 --> 04:57:04,500
Earth, observers at different 
locations, should see them at 

5237
04:57:04,500 --> 04:57:07,800
noticeably different positions, 
against the background Stars, 

5238
04:57:08,700 --> 04:57:12,400
This is Parallax this same 
principle that makes nearby 

5239
04:57:12,400 --> 04:57:16,200
objects appear too shift when 
you close one eye and open the 

5240
04:57:16,200 --> 04:57:20,600
other but commentary Parallax. 
When measurable at all is Tiny, 

5241
04:57:20,600 --> 04:57:24,100
suggesting these objects are 
extremely distant. 

5242
04:57:24,800 --> 04:57:28,800
Moreover, you've been studying 
historical records of comet, 

5243
04:57:28,800 --> 04:57:33,000
sightings comparing their paths 
across the sky, their 

5244
04:57:33,000 --> 04:57:36,400
appearance, and their behavior. 
And you've noticed something 

5245
04:57:36,400 --> 04:57:44,800
remarkable comets that appeared 
in 1500 and 1331.167 and 1682. 

5246
04:57:44,800 --> 04:57:49,000
Followed nearly identical paths.
They appeared in similar regions

5247
04:57:49,000 --> 04:57:52,800
of the sky, moved in similar, 
directions, and brightened and 

5248
04:57:52,800 --> 04:57:56,500
Faded in similar patterns. 
What if these were three 

5249
04:57:56,500 --> 04:58:02,100
different comets but the same 
Comet returning periodically The

5250
04:58:02,100 --> 04:58:05,900
mathematics support this 
hypothesis using Newton's laws 

5251
04:58:05,900 --> 04:58:09,900
of motion and gravitation, which
your friend Isaac published, 40 

5252
04:58:09,900 --> 04:58:13,500
years ago, you can calculate 
orbital paths for objects, 

5253
04:58:13,500 --> 04:58:16,700
moving through the solar system.
When you apply these 

5254
04:58:16,700 --> 04:58:21,800
calculations to the 1682 Comet, 
assuming it's in a highly 

5255
04:58:21,800 --> 04:58:25,500
elliptical orbit around the sun,
you get an orbital period of 

5256
04:58:25,500 --> 04:58:32,300
roughly 75 to 76 years. 
Count back 76 years from 1682 

5257
04:58:32,300 --> 04:58:38,100
and you reach 16007, count back,
another 76 years and you reach 

5258
04:58:38,100 --> 04:58:41,900
150031. 
The timing matches the 

5259
04:58:41,900 --> 04:58:44,300
historical sightings almost 
perfectly. 

5260
04:58:44,300 --> 04:58:48,700
This means you can make a 
prediction if your hypothesis is

5261
04:58:48,700 --> 04:58:50,900
correct. 
This Comet should return around 

5262
04:58:50,900 --> 04:58:55,800
1758 or 1759. 
You'll be long dead by their 

5263
04:58:55,800 --> 04:59:00,800
already in your 170s but the 
comet will either appear as 

5264
04:59:00,800 --> 04:59:04,200
predicted. 
Confirming your calculations or 

5265
04:59:04,200 --> 04:59:08,000
it won't proving you wrong. 
Either way, the prediction is 

5266
04:59:08,000 --> 04:59:11,300
testable which makes it 
scientific rather than mere 

5267
04:59:11,300 --> 04:59:13,900
speculation. 
What you're doing? 

5268
04:59:13,900 --> 04:59:16,000
Represents a new kind of 
astronomy. 

5269
04:59:16,800 --> 04:59:20,800
Earlier, observers watch the sky
and recorded what they saw, they

5270
04:59:20,800 --> 04:59:24,000
identified patterns and made 
predictions based on those 

5271
04:59:24,000 --> 04:59:28,200
patterns, but their predictions 
were essentially extrapolations,

5272
04:59:28,200 --> 04:59:31,300
assuming the future will 
resemble the past. 

5273
04:59:31,900 --> 04:59:35,300
You're doing something 
different, you're using physical

5274
04:59:35,300 --> 04:59:39,100
laws, mathematical models and 
theoretical understanding to 

5275
04:59:39,100 --> 04:59:41,900
predict phenomena that haven't 
been observed yet. 

5276
04:59:42,700 --> 04:59:46,400
You're not just recording the 
universe, your calculating, it 

5277
04:59:46,400 --> 04:59:51,500
Newton's work made this possible
his laws of motion and Universal

5278
04:59:51,500 --> 04:59:55,700
gravitational provided for the 
first time, a unified framework 

5279
04:59:55,700 --> 04:59:58,500
for understanding, both 
Celestial and terrestrial 

5280
04:59:58,500 --> 05:00:01,900
mechanics. 
The same force that pulls an 

5281
05:00:01,900 --> 05:00:05,100
apple downward pulls the moon 
toward Earth and Earth towards 

5282
05:00:05,100 --> 05:00:08,200
the Sun. 
The same mathematical laws that 

5283
05:00:08,200 --> 05:00:12,100
described projectile motion on 
Earth described planetary, 

5284
05:00:12,100 --> 05:00:15,800
orbits in the heavens. 
This unification is profound. 

5285
05:00:15,800 --> 05:00:19,900
It means the universe operates 
according to comprehensive 

5286
05:00:19,900 --> 05:00:25,000
principles rather than separate 
rules for different domains. 

5287
05:00:25,900 --> 05:00:28,600
You've applied these principles 
to various problems. 

5288
05:00:28,600 --> 05:00:34,400
You calculated the path of the 
1682 Comet determining its 

5289
05:00:34,400 --> 05:00:37,100
orbital elements with 
unprecedented Precision. 

5290
05:00:37,100 --> 05:00:40,900
You've worked on improving 
tables of planetary positions, 

5291
05:00:40,900 --> 05:00:45,700
incorporating perturbations the 
subtle gravitational influences 

5292
05:00:45,700 --> 05:00:49,800
that planets exert on each 
other, causing small deviations 

5293
05:00:49,800 --> 05:00:52,700
from perfect. 
Elliptical orbits, you've 

5294
05:00:52,700 --> 05:00:55,800
studied the Moon's motion 
wrestling with the three-body 

5295
05:00:55,800 --> 05:00:58,300
problem. 
The mathematical challenge of 

5296
05:00:58,300 --> 05:01:02,200
precisely calculating Health, 3 
gravatt, interacting objects 

5297
05:01:02,200 --> 05:01:05,200
move. 
The moon problem is particularly

5298
05:01:05,200 --> 05:01:08,500
vexing. 
The moon's orbit is influenced, 

5299
05:01:08,500 --> 05:01:12,800
not just by Earth, but also by 
the sun and the combined 

5300
05:01:12,800 --> 05:01:16,800
gravitational effects create 
orbital irregularities that are 

5301
05:01:16,808 --> 05:01:20,100
devilishly difficult to 
calculate Newton himself 

5302
05:01:20,100 --> 05:01:23,500
struggle with the Luna motion. 
And the problem won't be fully 

5303
05:01:23,500 --> 05:01:27,000
sold for another Century. 
But you've made progress 

5304
05:01:27,000 --> 05:01:30,900
improving predictions enough 
that Navigators can use your 

5305
05:01:30,900 --> 05:01:35,200
lunar tables, to determine 
longitude at sea, A practical, 

5306
05:01:35,200 --> 05:01:39,200
application of celestial 
mechanics that saves lives and 

5307
05:01:39,200 --> 05:01:42,400
enables exploration. 
You've also been thinking about 

5308
05:01:42,400 --> 05:01:46,900
Stellar distances, the stars are
clearly far more distant than 

5309
05:01:46,908 --> 05:01:49,600
planets. 
They show no measurable 

5310
05:01:49,600 --> 05:01:52,500
Parallax, even from 
observations, made six months 

5311
05:01:52,500 --> 05:01:56,400
apart, when Earth is on opposite
sides of its orbit around the 

5312
05:01:56,400 --> 05:01:59,000
sun. 
This means Stellar distances 

5313
05:01:59,000 --> 05:02:03,300
must be enormous compared to 
solar system scales But, how 

5314
05:02:03,300 --> 05:02:06,500
enormous? 
Can these distances be measured 

5315
05:02:06,500 --> 05:02:10,900
at all you suspect? 
They can eventually though, not 

5316
05:02:10,900 --> 05:02:14,500
with current instruments. 
If telescopes become powerful 

5317
05:02:14,500 --> 05:02:17,700
enough and measurements. 
Precise enough stellar parallax 

5318
05:02:17,700 --> 05:02:20,700
should become detectable. 
The math is straightforward. 

5319
05:02:20,700 --> 05:02:25,300
Measure a star's position in 
summer measure again, in winter.

5320
05:02:25,300 --> 05:02:28,700
When Earth is moved to the 
opposite side of its orbit and 

5321
05:02:28,700 --> 05:02:32,400
calculate the distance based on 
the apparent shift, the 

5322
05:02:32,400 --> 05:02:35,500
challenge is that even the 
nearest stars are so distant 

5323
05:02:35,500 --> 05:02:39,000
that their Parallax is measured 
in fractions of an arc, second 

5324
05:02:39,000 --> 05:02:42,900
angles so small. 
They require instruments far 

5325
05:02:42,900 --> 05:02:46,200
more precise than what's 
currently available but your 

5326
05:02:46,200 --> 05:02:48,600
confidence that future 
astronomers will make these 

5327
05:02:48,600 --> 05:02:51,300
measurements technology 
improves. 

5328
05:02:51,300 --> 05:02:55,200
Tell us telescope's become more 
powerful measurement techniques 

5329
05:02:55,200 --> 05:02:58,400
become more refined. 
What is impossible to date? 

5330
05:02:58,400 --> 05:03:02,000
Becomes routine tomorrow. 
The Stars distance is will 

5331
05:03:02,000 --> 05:03:06,800
eventually be known and when 
that Humanity will finally 

5332
05:03:06,800 --> 05:03:10,700
understand the true scale of the
cosmos as you review your 

5333
05:03:10,700 --> 05:03:14,300
calculations one more time, 
checking for errors, you can 

5334
05:03:14,300 --> 05:03:17,000
consider how far astronomy has 
come in. 

5335
05:03:17,000 --> 05:03:20,400
Just a few Generations. 
When you were born telescopes, 

5336
05:03:20,400 --> 05:03:23,700
were relatively new, the 
heliocentric model was still 

5337
05:03:23,700 --> 05:03:26,100
controversial and the physical 
laws. 

5338
05:03:26,100 --> 05:03:30,200
Governing Celestial motion were 
unknown now less than a century 

5339
05:03:30,200 --> 05:03:32,500
later. 
Your calculating Comet, orbits 

5340
05:03:32,500 --> 05:03:36,700
predicting future, appearances 
and treating the heavens as a 

5341
05:03:36,700 --> 05:03:40,200
domain subject to the same 
mathematical laws that govern 

5342
05:03:40,200 --> 05:03:44,500
Earthly phenomena. 
Transformational isn't complete 

5343
05:03:44,500 --> 05:03:48,300
many Mysteries. 
Remain the nature of stars is 

5344
05:03:48,300 --> 05:03:50,800
unknown. 
Are they distant Suns? 

5345
05:03:50,800 --> 05:03:55,300
And if so, how far away and how 
large the structure of the Milky

5346
05:03:55,300 --> 05:03:58,200
Way is unclear? 
Is it a flat disc? 

5347
05:03:58,200 --> 05:04:02,400
A sphere, or something else? 
Entirely the possibility of 

5348
05:04:02,400 --> 05:04:04,600
other galaxies? 
Hasn't even been seriously 

5349
05:04:04,600 --> 05:04:09,000
considered most astronomers 
assumed all visible stars belong

5350
05:04:09,000 --> 05:04:13,300
to one unified system, but the 
methodology is now established 

5351
05:04:13,300 --> 05:04:17,700
You observe you measure you 
calculate you predict and you 

5352
05:04:17,700 --> 05:04:20,800
test. 
When predictions fail, you 

5353
05:04:20,800 --> 05:04:24,000
refine your models. 
When you phenomena are 

5354
05:04:24,000 --> 05:04:26,700
discovered, you incorporate them
into your framework. 

5355
05:04:26,700 --> 05:04:31,400
This is science and it's proving
extraordinarily powerful for 

5356
05:04:31,400 --> 05:04:35,200
understanding. 
Nature, your Comet prediction in

5357
05:04:35,200 --> 05:04:40,100
particular feels like a gamble 
against mortality itself, your 

5358
05:04:40,100 --> 05:04:42,900
wagering that mathematics and 
physics can project forward 

5359
05:04:42,900 --> 05:04:47,200
decades, into the future that 
the universe is lawful enough, 

5360
05:04:47,200 --> 05:04:50,300
and that your understanding is 
complete enough to make 

5361
05:04:50,300 --> 05:04:54,000
predictions across time scales 
longer than human lifetimes. 

5362
05:04:54,000 --> 05:04:58,400
If you're right, and the comet 
returns when predicted, it will 

5363
05:04:58,400 --> 05:05:02,300
be one of science's, great 
triumphs, a demonstration that 

5364
05:05:02,300 --> 05:05:06,800
human reason can grasp Cosmic 
patterns and use them to predict

5365
05:05:06,800 --> 05:05:10,200
the unpredictable. 
You won't live to see it, but 

5366
05:05:10,200 --> 05:05:13,300
you'll content with that. 
You've done the work, you've 

5367
05:05:13,300 --> 05:05:17,100
made the calculations, the comet
will either confirm your 

5368
05:05:17,100 --> 05:05:20,400
hypothesis or it won't. 
But Either outcome, advances 

5369
05:05:20,400 --> 05:05:23,100
knowledge. 
And that ultimately is what 

5370
05:05:23,100 --> 05:05:26,900
drives you not personal Glory or
the satisfaction of being 

5371
05:05:26,900 --> 05:05:29,600
proven, right? 
But the simple desire to 

5372
05:05:29,600 --> 05:05:31,800
understand how the universe 
works. 

5373
05:05:31,800 --> 05:05:36,000
The stars shine outside your 
window distant and mysterious 

5374
05:05:36,000 --> 05:05:40,900
but less mysterious than they 
were each generation peels back.

5375
05:05:40,900 --> 05:05:45,100
Another layer of cosmic mystery 
armed with better tools, better 

5376
05:05:45,100 --> 05:05:48,700
mathematics. 
And better understanding your 

5377
05:05:48,700 --> 05:05:52,800
generation has accomplished 
remarkable things, but you're 

5378
05:05:52,800 --> 05:05:56,800
certain future Generations will 
accomplish more The universe is 

5379
05:05:56,808 --> 05:06:02,400
vast complex and wonderful, and 
Humanity has barely begun to 

5380
05:06:02,400 --> 05:06:05,500
explore it. 
Your standing outside, the Dome 

5381
05:06:05,500 --> 05:06:09,000
of the Mount Wilson Observatory 
in California, and the year is 

5382
05:06:09,000 --> 05:06:14,800
1924 the Sunset hours ago and 
now the Milky Way stretches 

5383
05:06:14,800 --> 05:06:17,800
overhead in magnificent detail 
visible. 

5384
05:06:17,800 --> 05:06:21,000
Despite the growing light, 
pollution from Los Angeles in 

5385
05:06:21,000 --> 05:06:24,700
the valley below inside the Dome
behind you, sits the hooker. 

5386
05:06:24,700 --> 05:06:28,000
Telescope 100 inches of 
reflecting mirror. 

5387
05:06:28,000 --> 05:06:32,200
The largest telescope in the 
world capable of gathering more 

5388
05:06:32,200 --> 05:06:35,700
light and seeing faint of 
objects than any instrument in 

5389
05:06:35,700 --> 05:06:39,300
human history. 
And tonight, you've used it to 

5390
05:06:39,300 --> 05:06:42,700
make a discovery that will 
fundamentally change Humanity's 

5391
05:06:42,700 --> 05:06:46,400
understanding of its place. 
In the cosmos, your name is 

5392
05:06:46,400 --> 05:06:50,500
Edwin Hubble and you've been 
photographing spiral nebulae, 

5393
05:06:50,500 --> 05:06:54,500
those fuzzy spiral-shaped 
objects scattered across the 

5394
05:06:54,500 --> 05:06:57,300
sky. 
Stroman, have debated their 

5395
05:06:57,300 --> 05:07:00,500
nature for years? 
Are they gas clouds within our 

5396
05:07:00,500 --> 05:07:03,600
own Galaxy, or they distant 
galaxies themselves? 

5397
05:07:03,600 --> 05:07:07,000
Separate Island, universes 
beyond the Milky Way? 

5398
05:07:08,000 --> 05:07:11,600
The debate has been Fierce with 
respected scientists on both 

5399
05:07:11,600 --> 05:07:14,600
sides, but you think you finally
settled it? 

5400
05:07:14,600 --> 05:07:18,000
You've been focusing on 
Andromeda the largest and 

5401
05:07:18,000 --> 05:07:21,900
brightest of the Spiral nebulae 
using the hooker telescopes 

5402
05:07:21,900 --> 05:07:24,500
light Gathering Power. 
You've been taking long 

5403
05:07:24,500 --> 05:07:28,500
exposure, photographs images 
that accumulate light over 

5404
05:07:28,500 --> 05:07:32,700
hours, revealing details, 
invisible to direct observation.

5405
05:07:32,700 --> 05:07:36,700
And in these photographs, you've
identified individual Stars 

5406
05:07:36,700 --> 05:07:40,700
within Andromeda, not just the 
bright blue white stars that 

5407
05:07:40,700 --> 05:07:45,300
Mark spiral arms, but specific 
types of variable Stars called 

5408
05:07:45,300 --> 05:08:02,900
cepharanthine, 
Longer period. 

5409
05:08:02,900 --> 05:08:06,400
Safety are inherently brighter 
than short period ones. 

5410
05:08:06,400 --> 05:08:10,900
This relationship was discovered
by Henry at 11:00 working with 

5411
05:08:10,900 --> 05:08:14,700
sapphires in the magellanic 
clouds and it provides a method 

5412
05:08:14,700 --> 05:08:18,700
for measuring Cosmic distances. 
Here's the beautiful logic. 

5413
05:08:19,500 --> 05:08:22,700
If you know a set feeds 
intrinsic brightness and can 

5414
05:08:22,700 --> 05:08:26,800
measure its apparent brightness 
you can calculate its distance. 

5415
05:08:26,800 --> 05:08:30,400
It's like seeing a light bulb 
and determining how far away it 

5416
05:08:30,400 --> 05:08:34,500
is by how dim it appears. 
If you know, it's 100 watt bulb,

5417
05:08:34,500 --> 05:08:37,700
you can tell whether it's 10 
feet away or 100 feet away by 

5418
05:08:37,700 --> 05:08:41,400
its apparent brightness, the 
Seafoods you found in Andromeda 

5419
05:08:41,400 --> 05:08:45,500
have periods, indicating their 
extremely luminous stars, yet 

5420
05:08:45,500 --> 05:08:47,900
they appear very faint in your 
photographs. 

5421
05:08:47,900 --> 05:08:51,700
The only way to reconcile these 
facts is if Andromeda is 

5422
05:08:51,700 --> 05:08:55,900
extraordinarily distant, not 
thousands or tens of thousands 

5423
05:08:55,900 --> 05:08:59,200
of light years away, but nearly 
a million light years. 

5424
05:09:00,600 --> 05:09:02,900
This place. 
Is it far beyond any reasonable 

5425
05:09:02,900 --> 05:09:07,300
estimate of the Milky Ways? 
Size Andromeda isn't a gas cloud

5426
05:09:07,300 --> 05:09:11,000
within our galaxy. 
It's a Galaxy itself comparable 

5427
05:09:11,000 --> 05:09:14,500
in size to the Milky Way, 
containing hundreds of billions 

5428
05:09:14,500 --> 05:09:18,700
of stars. 
If Andromeda is a Galaxy then 

5429
05:09:18,700 --> 05:09:22,400
likely all spiral nebulae or 
galaxies, this means the 

5430
05:09:22,400 --> 05:09:26,200
universe contains not one 
Galaxy, but countless millions 

5431
05:09:26,200 --> 05:09:30,700
of the Scattered through space 
at distances that dwarfed the 

5432
05:09:30,700 --> 05:09:34,300
distances between Stars, within 
any single Galaxy. 

5433
05:09:34,300 --> 05:09:38,800
The universe is vastly almost 
incomprehensibly larger than 

5434
05:09:38,800 --> 05:09:43,200
anyone imagined, but you've made
another Discovery even more 

5435
05:09:43,200 --> 05:09:45,500
startling. 
You've been measuring the 

5436
05:09:45,500 --> 05:09:49,300
Spectra of galaxies, analyzing 
the light they emit to, 

5437
05:09:49,300 --> 05:09:53,400
determine which wavelengths are 
present, what you found is that 

5438
05:09:53,400 --> 05:09:55,800
nearly, every galaxy shows a 
redshift. 

5439
05:09:55,800 --> 05:09:59,400
Meaning their light is shifted 
toward longer red wavelengths, 

5440
05:09:59,400 --> 05:10:03,500
compared to what it should be 
and the more distant the Galaxy,

5441
05:10:03,500 --> 05:10:06,900
the greater the red shift, this 
red shift has a clear 

5442
05:10:06,900 --> 05:10:10,200
interpretation. 
These galaxies are moving away 

5443
05:10:10,200 --> 05:10:15,200
from us, the shift in wavelength
is a Doppler effect, the same 

5444
05:10:15,200 --> 05:10:18,400
phenomenon that makes a train 
whistles pitched drop as it 

5445
05:10:18,400 --> 05:10:21,100
passes you when a light source 
moves away. 

5446
05:10:21,100 --> 05:10:24,900
Its light is stretched to longer
wavelengths, red shifted. 

5447
05:10:25,800 --> 05:10:28,900
When it approaches the lightest 
compressed to Shorter 

5448
05:10:28,900 --> 05:10:30,800
wavelengths. 
Blue shifted. 

5449
05:10:30,800 --> 05:10:33,300
Moreover, you've noticed a 
relationship. 

5450
05:10:33,300 --> 05:10:37,100
The father away a galaxy is the 
faster. 

5451
05:10:37,100 --> 05:10:40,500
Its receding. 
Double the distance and the 

5452
05:10:40,500 --> 05:10:42,500
recession velocity doubles as 
well. 

5453
05:10:43,500 --> 05:10:46,000
This relationship. 
What will become known as 

5454
05:10:46,000 --> 05:10:48,500
Hubble's Law has profound 
implications. 

5455
05:10:48,500 --> 05:10:53,200
If all distant galaxies are 
moving away from us and their 

5456
05:10:53,200 --> 05:10:55,600
recession, velocity increases 
with distance. 

5457
05:10:55,600 --> 05:10:58,500
The universe itself must be 
expanding. 

5458
05:10:58,500 --> 05:11:02,900
This is difficult to grasp. 
You're not saying galaxies are 

5459
05:11:02,900 --> 05:11:05,700
moving through space away from 
us as if we're at the center of 

5460
05:11:05,700 --> 05:11:08,900
an explosion. 
You're saying space itself is 

5461
05:11:08,900 --> 05:11:13,900
expanding carrying galaxies 
along with it, it's like dots on

5462
05:11:13,900 --> 05:11:18,500
an inflating balloon as the 
balloon, expands all dots move 

5463
05:11:18,500 --> 05:11:21,800
away from each other. 
But no dot is at the center of 

5464
05:11:21,800 --> 05:11:27,100
the expansion every observer in 
any Galaxy would see all other 

5465
05:11:27,100 --> 05:11:31,500
galaxies receding with more 
distant ones, receding faster. 

5466
05:11:32,400 --> 05:11:35,400
This expansion suggests, the 
universe has a history. 

5467
05:11:36,300 --> 05:11:38,400
Galaxies are currently moving 
apart. 

5468
05:11:38,400 --> 05:11:42,100
They must have been closer 
together in the past, run the 

5469
05:11:42,100 --> 05:11:45,600
expansion backward, and you 
eventually reach a point where 

5470
05:11:45,600 --> 05:11:49,000
all matter was concentrated in 
an incredibly small. 

5471
05:11:50,700 --> 05:11:52,000
Dents. 
This is the beginning of what 

5472
05:11:52,000 --> 05:11:55,500
will later be called. 
The Big Bang Theory the idea 

5473
05:11:55,500 --> 05:12:00,100
that the Universe began in an 
extremely hot dense State and 

5474
05:12:00,100 --> 05:12:04,500
has been expanding and cooling 
ever since the implications 

5475
05:12:04,500 --> 05:12:08,100
Cascade outward. 
If the universe is expanding and

5476
05:12:08,100 --> 05:12:12,400
had a beginning, it has an age. 
You can estimate this age by 

5477
05:12:12,400 --> 05:12:15,500
calculating how long it would 
take Galaxys to reach their 

5478
05:12:15,500 --> 05:12:17,900
current separation. 
Give them their observed 

5479
05:12:17,900 --> 05:12:20,200
velocities, your initial 
estimates. 

5480
05:12:20,200 --> 05:12:24,200
Suggest an age of a few billion 
years which is troubling young, 

5481
05:12:24,200 --> 05:12:27,900
geologists already have evidence
that Earth is older than that. 

5482
05:12:29,400 --> 05:12:31,100
But the principle is 
established. 

5483
05:12:31,800 --> 05:12:36,300
The universe isn't Eternal and 
unchanging, its Dynamic, and 

5484
05:12:36,300 --> 05:12:38,200
evolving with the definite 
history. 

5485
05:12:38,200 --> 05:12:42,300
As you stand beneath the stars, 
you realize your witnessing 

5486
05:12:42,300 --> 05:12:46,300
something unprecedented in human
history every previous 

5487
05:12:46,300 --> 05:12:50,400
generation believed the universe
was static unchanging in its 

5488
05:12:50,400 --> 05:12:53,100
large-scale structure. 
Oh, planets. 

5489
05:12:53,100 --> 05:12:56,100
Moved and comets appeared and 
stars, occasionally exploded, 

5490
05:12:56,100 --> 05:12:59,600
but the overall Universe its 
size its structure. 

5491
05:12:59,600 --> 05:13:03,000
Its fundamental nature was 
thought to be a ternal. 

5492
05:13:03,700 --> 05:13:05,800
You've discovered this 
assumption is wrong. 

5493
05:13:05,800 --> 05:13:10,500
The universe is not static. 
Is standing Cooling and 

5494
05:13:10,500 --> 05:13:13,300
evolving. 
It had a beginning and will have

5495
05:13:13,300 --> 05:13:15,500
a future different from its 
present state. 

5496
05:13:16,300 --> 05:13:20,000
This discovery comes from 
technology, the 100 inch 

5497
05:13:20,000 --> 05:13:23,800
telescope photographic plates, 
sensitive enough, to capture 

5498
05:13:23,800 --> 05:13:28,300
faint light, and spectroscopes 
capable of analyzing that light.

5499
05:13:29,000 --> 05:13:32,700
None of this was available. 
Even 50 years ago, your 

5500
05:13:32,700 --> 05:13:37,800
Discovery was always waiting in 
the sky visible in principle but

5501
05:13:37,800 --> 05:13:41,500
invisible in practice until 
instruments became sophisticated

5502
05:13:41,500 --> 05:13:45,300
enough to detect it. 
How many more discoveries are 

5503
05:13:45,300 --> 05:13:47,800
out there? 
Waiting for better technology? 

5504
05:13:47,800 --> 05:13:51,700
You think about the long chain 
of observations and insights 

5505
05:13:51,700 --> 05:13:55,800
that led to this moment? 
Ancient astronomers identifying 

5506
05:13:55,800 --> 05:13:59,600
Celestial patterns. 
Babylonians calculating 

5507
05:13:59,600 --> 05:14:03,800
planetary positions, Creeks, 
creating geometric, models, 

5508
05:14:03,800 --> 05:14:08,100
telescope's revealing Jupiter's 
moons and Saturns Ring's. 

5509
05:14:08,900 --> 05:14:11,400
Newton's Laws enable orbital 
calculations. 

5510
05:14:12,700 --> 05:14:15,800
Photography allows long 
exposures that see deeper into 

5511
05:14:15,800 --> 05:14:20,000
space than eyes alone could. 
Spectroscopy reveals the 

5512
05:14:20,000 --> 05:14:24,200
physical properties of distant 
objects, each Advanced built on 

5513
05:14:24,208 --> 05:14:27,700
previous work. 
Each generation seeing farther 

5514
05:14:27,700 --> 05:14:31,500
and understanding more deeply 
and now you've pushed the 

5515
05:14:31,500 --> 05:14:35,100
frontier again. 
You've measured the universe and

5516
05:14:35,100 --> 05:14:39,100
found it faster than anyone 
thought you've discovered that 

5517
05:14:39,100 --> 05:14:43,500
it's expanding that it has a 
history that it's not eternal. 

5518
05:14:44,300 --> 05:14:47,900
Future Generations, will push 
farther still answering 

5519
05:14:47,900 --> 05:14:50,100
questions. 
You haven't even thought to ask 

5520
05:14:50,100 --> 05:14:52,600
yet. 
Will they find the edge of the 

5521
05:14:52,600 --> 05:14:54,800
universe? 
Or is it infinite? 

5522
05:14:54,800 --> 05:14:58,300
What happened in those first 
moments after the expansion 

5523
05:14:58,300 --> 05:15:01,500
began? 
Are there other universes Beyond

5524
05:15:01,500 --> 05:15:04,200
hours? 
You don't know, but you're 

5525
05:15:04,200 --> 05:15:08,000
confident, they'll keep looking.
The hookah telescope Dome closes

5526
05:15:08,000 --> 05:15:11,000
for the night. 
Your photographic plates are 

5527
05:15:11,000 --> 05:15:13,800
secure ready for detailed 
analysis tomorrow. 

5528
05:15:13,800 --> 05:15:17,500
The data is recorded, the 
measurements are made and the 

5529
05:15:17,500 --> 05:15:19,400
conclusions are becoming 
inescapable. 

5530
05:15:19,400 --> 05:15:24,500
The universe is larger stranger 
and more wonderful than Humanity

5531
05:15:24,500 --> 05:15:27,800
ever imagined. 
And that ultimately is the most 

5532
05:15:27,800 --> 05:15:30,100
exciting thing you could 
possibly discover. 

5533
05:15:30,100 --> 05:15:34,100
Not that we understand 
everything, but there's so much 

5534
05:15:34,100 --> 05:15:38,400
more to explore your monitoring 
a radio telescope in northern 

5535
05:15:38,400 --> 05:15:42,600
England and the year is 1965 the
instrument. 

5536
05:15:42,600 --> 05:15:46,600
You're using doesn't look like a
traditional telescope, no dough,

5537
05:15:46,600 --> 05:15:50,500
No Ipswich, just an array of 
horn-shaped antennas pointed at 

5538
05:15:50,500 --> 05:15:54,000
the sky connected, to sensitive 
radio receivers. 

5539
05:15:54,000 --> 05:15:58,000
You're not looking at the sky 
invisible light, but in radio 

5540
05:15:58,000 --> 05:16:01,900
waves, which passed through 
clouds and work during daytime 

5541
05:16:01,900 --> 05:16:06,108
opening, the Heavens to 
Observation 24 hours. a day, 

5542
05:16:06,116 --> 05:16:10,300
your name is irrelevant to this 
particular night, but the 

5543
05:16:10,300 --> 05:16:13,900
discovery you're about to 
confirm is not You've been 

5544
05:16:13,900 --> 05:16:16,900
detecting a persistent 
background noise in your data. 

5545
05:16:17,900 --> 05:16:21,600
Faint radio signal, that appears
to come equally from all 

5546
05:16:21,600 --> 05:16:24,800
directions, in the sky. 
At first, you thought it was 

5547
05:16:24,800 --> 05:16:28,200
instrumental error or perhaps 
radio interference from nearby 

5548
05:16:28,200 --> 05:16:31,400
cities. 
But extensive checks of ruled 

5549
05:16:31,400 --> 05:16:36,100
out these explanations, the 
signal is real, it's Cosmic in 

5550
05:16:36,100 --> 05:16:39,900
origin and its uniform across 
the entire Sky to within one 

5551
05:16:39,900 --> 05:16:43,600
part in 10,000. 
This uniform signal is 

5552
05:16:43,600 --> 05:16:46,000
extraordinary because it 
shouldn't exist. 

5553
05:16:47,000 --> 05:16:50,200
Came from stars or galaxies, it 
would be stronger in some 

5554
05:16:50,200 --> 05:16:53,900
directions than others 
concentrated in the Milky Ways. 

5555
05:16:53,900 --> 05:16:57,600
Plain for instance, or showing 
bright spots, where galaxies 

5556
05:16:57,600 --> 05:17:00,000
cluster. 
But this signal is almost 

5557
05:17:00,000 --> 05:17:03,700
perfectly isotropic. 
The same from every direction. 

5558
05:17:03,700 --> 05:17:07,800
It's like the universe has a 
temperature and what your 

5559
05:17:07,800 --> 05:17:10,800
detecting is thermal radiation 
from the cosmos itself. 

5560
05:17:10,800 --> 05:17:14,900
The signals wavelength 
corresponds to extremely cold 

5561
05:17:14,900 --> 05:17:19,300
thermal radiation about three 
degrees of absolute zero. 

5562
05:17:19,300 --> 05:17:23,000
This is puzzling until you 
remember recent theoretical 

5563
05:17:23,000 --> 05:17:26,500
Works suggesting that if the 
universe began in a hot dense 

5564
05:17:26,500 --> 05:17:31,400
State, the Big Bang, it would 
have called as it expanded in 

5565
05:17:31,400 --> 05:17:33,900
its earliest moments. 
The universe would have been hot

5566
05:17:33,900 --> 05:17:37,400
enough to Glow brightly 
invisible light, even in ultra, 

5567
05:17:37,400 --> 05:17:40,600
violet an x-rays. 
But as it expanded this 

5568
05:17:40,600 --> 05:17:44,300
radiation would have stretched 
to longer wavelengths shifted by

5569
05:17:44,300 --> 05:17:49,200
the expansion itself until A day
appears as faint radio waves, 

5570
05:17:49,200 --> 05:17:52,200
your detecting. 
The Afterglow of the Big Bang 

5571
05:17:52,200 --> 05:17:55,800
itself radiation that has 
traveled, through space, for 

5572
05:17:55,800 --> 05:18:00,300
nearly 14 billion years cooling 
from temperatures of thousands 

5573
05:18:00,300 --> 05:18:04,100
of degrees to just a few degrees
above absolute zero. 

5574
05:18:04,100 --> 05:18:08,400
This Cosmic microwave background
radiation is direct evidence 

5575
05:18:08,400 --> 05:18:11,400
that the Universe had a hot 
beginning, that it's been 

5576
05:18:11,400 --> 05:18:13,300
expanding and cooling ever 
since. 

5577
05:18:13,300 --> 05:18:16,100
And that, the Big Bang Theory is
correct. 

5578
05:18:16,100 --> 05:18:20,600
This discovery transforms 
cosmology from speculation to 

5579
05:18:20,600 --> 05:18:24,900
observational science. 
Before this, the Big Bang was 

5580
05:18:24,900 --> 05:18:29,100
one Theory among several for the
universe's origin now, it's 

5581
05:18:29,100 --> 05:18:32,700
strongly supported by direct 
evidence radiation, that could 

5582
05:18:32,700 --> 05:18:36,100
only exist if the universe began
in a hot dense state. 

5583
05:18:37,200 --> 05:18:40,100
Alternative theories that 
proposed an eternal 

5584
05:18:40,100 --> 05:18:43,400
steady-state. 
Universe cannot explain this 

5585
05:18:43,400 --> 05:18:47,000
uniform background radiation. 
The evidence is overwhelming. 

5586
05:18:48,300 --> 05:18:50,800
But the cosmic microwave 
background isn't just 

5587
05:18:50,800 --> 05:18:54,800
confirmation of the Big Bang. 
It's a snapshot of the early 

5588
05:18:54,800 --> 05:18:58,500
Universe a window into 
conditions when the cosmos was 

5589
05:18:58,500 --> 05:19:03,300
just 380,000 years old. 
Before that time, the universe 

5590
05:19:03,300 --> 05:19:07,700
was too hot for atoms to form 
electrons and protons existed, 

5591
05:19:07,700 --> 05:19:10,600
as a plasma and photons 
scattered off. 

5592
05:19:10,608 --> 05:19:14,400
These charged particles 
constantly making the universe 

5593
05:19:14,400 --> 05:19:19,100
opaque when the universe cooled 
enough for atoms to form photons

5594
05:19:19,100 --> 05:19:23,300
suddenly could travel freely The
radiation, you're detecting 

5595
05:19:23,300 --> 05:19:25,600
comes from that moment of 
recombination. 

5596
05:19:25,600 --> 05:19:29,600
When the universe became 
transparent by studying this 

5597
05:19:29,600 --> 05:19:32,900
radiation in detail measuring 
its temperature in different 

5598
05:19:32,900 --> 05:19:36,600
directions looking for tiny 
variations, in intensity, 

5599
05:19:37,700 --> 05:19:40,700
Astronomers will learn about the
universe's structure at that 

5600
05:19:40,708 --> 05:19:44,400
early time slightly denser 
regions in the primordial. 

5601
05:19:44,400 --> 05:19:48,000
Plasma will appear a slightly 
warmer spots in the microwave 

5602
05:19:48,000 --> 05:19:51,100
background. 
These density variations with 

5603
05:19:51,100 --> 05:19:55,100
the seeds that eventually grew 
into galaxies clusters of 

5604
05:19:55,100 --> 05:19:58,700
galaxies and the large-scale 
structure of visible in the 

5605
05:19:58,700 --> 05:20:01,600
universe today. 
Over the following decades, 

5606
05:20:01,600 --> 05:20:05,600
increasingly sophisticated 
instruments will map The Cosmic 

5607
05:20:05,600 --> 05:20:08,500
microwave background with 
extraordinary, Precision 

5608
05:20:08,500 --> 05:20:12,500
satellites. 
Like cob e w m. 

5609
05:20:12,500 --> 05:20:17,700
A p and plank will measure of 
variations as small as one part 

5610
05:20:17,700 --> 05:20:21,200
in 100,000. 
Revealing details information 

5611
05:20:21,200 --> 05:20:26,100
about the universe's composition
age and geometry, these 

5612
05:20:26,100 --> 05:20:28,900
measurements will determine that
the universe is approximately 

5613
05:20:28,900 --> 05:20:34,900
13.8 billion years old. 
That it's geometrically flat and

5614
05:20:34,900 --> 05:20:38,200
that it contains, not just 
ordinary matter, but also dark 

5615
05:20:38,200 --> 05:20:42,500
matter and dark energy, 
mysterious substances, whose 

5616
05:20:42,500 --> 05:20:46,300
nature remains unknown, but 
whose gravitational effects are 

5617
05:20:46,308 --> 05:20:49,300
undeniable. 
The cosmic microwave background 

5618
05:20:49,300 --> 05:20:53,400
will also provide evidence for 
Cosmic inflation, a brief 

5619
05:20:53,400 --> 05:20:57,100
period, of exponential expansion
that occurred in the universe's.

5620
05:20:57,100 --> 05:21:00,700
First fraction of a second 
inflation explains why. 

5621
05:21:00,700 --> 05:21:04,600
The universe is so uniform on 
large scales while it's 

5622
05:21:04,600 --> 05:21:08,500
geometrically, flat and why 
certain types of irregularity 

5623
05:21:08,500 --> 05:21:12,000
appear in the density, 
distribution of matter without 

5624
05:21:12,000 --> 05:21:14,100
inflation. 
The universe's, observe 

5625
05:21:14,100 --> 05:21:17,300
properties would require 
extraordinarily fine-tuned 

5626
05:21:17,300 --> 05:21:20,300
initial conditions. 
Within inflation, these 

5627
05:21:20,300 --> 05:21:24,300
properties emerge, naturally, 
from well-understood physics as 

5628
05:21:24,300 --> 05:21:27,800
you examine the data streaming. 
From the radio telescope, your 

5629
05:21:27,800 --> 05:21:30,000
struck by. 
How much can be learned from 

5630
05:21:30,000 --> 05:21:33,700
such a faint signal. 
This radiation is incredibly 

5631
05:21:33,700 --> 05:21:36,700
weak. 
The total energy from the cosmic

5632
05:21:36,700 --> 05:21:40,300
microwave background hitting a 
person's body as far less than 

5633
05:21:40,300 --> 05:21:43,700
the energy from distant 
Starlight, which itself is 

5634
05:21:43,700 --> 05:21:46,500
minimal yet. 
This faint signal, contains 

5635
05:21:46,500 --> 05:21:51,700
information about the universe's
age, composition geometry and 

5636
05:21:51,700 --> 05:21:55,000
early history. 
It's as if the cosmos has left, 

5637
05:21:55,000 --> 05:21:58,800
its signature written in 
radiation, weighting billions of

5638
05:21:58,800 --> 05:22:02,500
years for technology to become 
sophisticated enough to read it.

5639
05:22:03,300 --> 05:22:06,500
You think about the long chain 
of discoveries that led here? 

5640
05:22:06,500 --> 05:22:10,500
Hubble discovered Galactic 
recession, implying the universe

5641
05:22:10,500 --> 05:22:14,800
expands extrapolating, this 
expansion backward to a hot 

5642
05:22:14,808 --> 05:22:18,100
dense. 
Beginning theoretical physicists

5643
05:22:18,100 --> 05:22:20,500
are calculating. 
What conditions would be like in

5644
05:22:20,500 --> 05:22:24,100
the early Universe predicting 
that thermal radiation from, 

5645
05:22:24,100 --> 05:22:27,700
that era should still be 
detectable Engineers are 

5646
05:22:27,700 --> 05:22:31,300
developing radio astronomy, 
creating instruments, sensitive 

5647
05:22:31,300 --> 05:22:36,100
enough to detect faint Cosmic 
signals and now the detection 

5648
05:22:36,100 --> 05:22:40,300
itself confirming predictions 
and opening new avenues of 

5649
05:22:40,300 --> 05:22:44,400
research, the cosmic microwave 
background is also humbling. 

5650
05:22:44,400 --> 05:22:48,700
It shows that the matter with 
familiar with atoms, molecules 

5651
05:22:48,700 --> 05:22:52,000
everything made of protons 
neutrons and electrons, 

5652
05:22:52,000 --> 05:22:57,600
comprises only about 5% of the 
universe's total energy content.

5653
05:22:57,600 --> 05:23:00,700
The rest is dark matter, and 
dark energy. 

5654
05:23:00,700 --> 05:23:03,100
Substances whose nature is 
completely. 

5655
05:23:03,300 --> 05:23:06,100
The unknown. 
We've mapped the universe 

5656
05:23:06,100 --> 05:23:10,100
measured its aged determined, 
its composition and discovered 

5657
05:23:10,100 --> 05:23:14,300
that we don't understand 95% of 
what it contains yet. 

5658
05:23:14,300 --> 05:23:17,400
This ignorance is exciting 
rather than discouraging. 

5659
05:23:17,400 --> 05:23:20,600
It means astronomy is far from 
finished. 

5660
05:23:20,600 --> 05:23:25,100
There are fundamental Mysteries 
remaining questions whose 

5661
05:23:25,100 --> 05:23:29,300
answers will require new 
physics, new observations and 

5662
05:23:29,300 --> 05:23:32,600
perhaps revolutionary insights 
comparable to those that 

5663
05:23:32,600 --> 05:23:35,000
launched quantum mechanics or 
relativity. 

5664
05:23:35,000 --> 05:23:39,200
The universe is still surprising
us, still revealing, that 

5665
05:23:39,200 --> 05:23:42,600
reality is stranger and more 
wonderful than our theories 

5666
05:23:42,600 --> 05:23:46,000
predict. 
As Dawn approaches and your 

5667
05:23:46,000 --> 05:23:50,100
observing shift ends, you 
prepare your preliminary report 

5668
05:23:50,100 --> 05:23:55,200
the signal is real, it's Cosmic 
and it matches predictions for 

5669
05:23:55,200 --> 05:23:57,400
the cooled, radiation from The 
Big Bang. 

5670
05:23:58,300 --> 05:24:02,100
Other observers will confirm it 
independently that's already 

5671
05:24:02,100 --> 05:24:03,900
happening. 
Actually, with similar, 

5672
05:24:03,900 --> 05:24:08,100
detections reported by other 
teams soon, this discovery will 

5673
05:24:08,100 --> 05:24:11,500
be announced publicly and it 
will transform Humanities 

5674
05:24:11,500 --> 05:24:15,700
understanding of cosmic history.
The Stars fade as the sky 

5675
05:24:15,700 --> 05:24:20,400
brightens but you know, they're 
still there still shining their 

5676
05:24:20,400 --> 05:24:23,300
light mixing with the faint 
microwave glow from the 

5677
05:24:23,300 --> 05:24:27,900
universe's hot beginning that 
glow has traveled for nearly 14 

5678
05:24:27,900 --> 05:24:31,500
billion years to reach your 
antennas carrying information 

5679
05:24:31,500 --> 05:24:35,600
about a time when no stars 
existed when no galaxies had 

5680
05:24:35,600 --> 05:24:38,600
formed. 
And when the universe was just a

5681
05:24:38,600 --> 05:24:43,000
hot dense plasma beginning, its 
long expansion toward the cool 

5682
05:24:43,000 --> 05:24:45,300
structured Cosmos. 
We inhabit today. 

5683
05:24:45,300 --> 05:24:49,200
Somewhere in that ancient 
radiation in its tiny 

5684
05:24:49,200 --> 05:24:53,300
temperature variations and 
subtle polarization patterns 

5685
05:24:53,300 --> 05:24:57,500
like answers to questions. 
Humanity hasn't yet learned to 

5686
05:24:57,500 --> 05:25:00,300
ask. 
Future astronomers will extract 

5687
05:25:00,300 --> 05:25:04,100
those answers learning things 
about the universe's origin 

5688
05:25:04,100 --> 05:25:06,800
structure and fate that you 
can't even imagine. 

5689
05:25:06,800 --> 05:25:11,000
But tonight you've contributed 
your part to that ongoing 

5690
05:25:11,000 --> 05:25:15,600
project detecting, The Whisper 
from the beginning, confirming 

5691
05:25:15,600 --> 05:25:19,400
that the Universe has a history 
and opening a new window on 

5692
05:25:19,400 --> 05:25:22,400
Cosmic time. 
You're lying on your back in a 

5693
05:25:22,400 --> 05:25:26,400
dark field and the year is now 
no specific year. 

5694
05:25:26,400 --> 05:25:30,900
Really, this could be tonight to
tomorrow night or any clear 

5695
05:25:30,900 --> 05:25:32,700
night. 
When you decide to look up 

5696
05:25:32,700 --> 05:25:37,400
rather than down out rather than
in the grass beneath you is 

5697
05:25:37,400 --> 05:25:41,500
slightly damp with evening due, 
the air is cool and above you, 

5698
05:25:41,500 --> 05:25:45,900
the sky blazes with stars. 
If you're far from cities you 

5699
05:25:45,900 --> 05:25:49,600
can see the Milky Way. 
That same river of light that 

5700
05:25:49,600 --> 05:25:52,000
our ancestors saw though, you 
know. 

5701
05:25:52,000 --> 05:25:55,800
Now it actually the combined 
light of billions of stars in 

5702
05:25:55,800 --> 05:26:00,500
our galaxies disc viewed Edge on
from Earth's position within it.

5703
05:26:00,500 --> 05:26:04,300
You can see planets too though. 
You need to know where to look. 

5704
05:26:04,300 --> 05:26:07,600
And when Venus might be 
brilliant in the west, just 

5705
05:26:07,600 --> 05:26:11,000
after Sunset, Jupiter could be 
high overhead. 

5706
05:26:11,000 --> 05:26:14,500
It's Moon's invisible to your 
naked eyes but their 

5707
05:26:14,500 --> 05:26:19,400
nonetheless, exactly as Galileo 
saw them, Mars might show its 

5708
05:26:19,400 --> 05:26:23,900
distinctive red or orange color.
Dust storms in its thin 

5709
05:26:23,900 --> 05:26:27,700
atmosphere reflecting sunlight 
from 90 million miles away. 

5710
05:26:27,700 --> 05:26:32,200
And you can see stars, thousands
of them with Naked Eyes, 

5711
05:26:32,200 --> 05:26:35,900
Millions, through modest, 
telescopes and billions through 

5712
05:26:35,900 --> 05:26:39,900
instruments, like Hubble or the 
James Webb Space Telescope. 

5713
05:26:39,900 --> 05:26:44,400
Each one is a son, many hosting 
planets, some of those planets 

5714
05:26:44,400 --> 05:26:48,300
potentially harboring life, the 
light, Reaching Your Eyes left 

5715
05:26:48,300 --> 05:26:53,200
those Stars years, or decades or
centuries ago, making you a time

5716
05:26:53,200 --> 05:26:56,700
traveler of sorts seeing the 
universe not as it is. 

5717
05:26:56,700 --> 05:27:01,500
But as it was You know things 
those ancient observers couldn't

5718
05:27:01,500 --> 05:27:05,300
have imagined you know the stars
are powered by nuclear fusion 

5719
05:27:05,300 --> 05:27:10,000
converting hydrogen to helium in
their cores generating energy 

5720
05:27:10,000 --> 05:27:13,700
through Einstein's, famous 
equation, relating, mass, and 

5721
05:27:13,700 --> 05:27:16,200
energy. 
You know, the universe is 

5722
05:27:16,200 --> 05:27:20,900
approximately 13.8 billion years
old formed in a hot, big bang, 

5723
05:27:20,900 --> 05:27:24,800
and expanding, ever since, you 
know, that galaxies cluster into

5724
05:27:24,800 --> 05:27:28,200
groups and super clusters, 
forming a cosmic web of 

5725
05:27:28,200 --> 05:27:30,700
structure spanning billions of 
light years. 

5726
05:27:30,700 --> 05:27:35,300
You know, the universe contains 
Dark Matter invisible substance 

5727
05:27:35,300 --> 05:27:38,300
detected only through its 
gravitational effects. 

5728
05:27:38,300 --> 05:27:44,300
Making up roughly 27% of the 
universe's, total energy, you 

5729
05:27:44,300 --> 05:27:49,500
know that dark energy, even more
mysterious comprises about 68% 

5730
05:27:49,500 --> 05:27:54,300
and its causing the universe's 
expansion to accelerate distant 

5731
05:27:54,300 --> 05:27:58,200
galaxies are not just moving 
away their moving away faster 

5732
05:27:58,200 --> 05:28:02,300
over Time driven by this 
mysterious Dark Energy whose 

5733
05:28:02,300 --> 05:28:05,700
nature is one of physics. 
Greatest unsolved problems. 

5734
05:28:05,700 --> 05:28:10,400
You know that many stars have 
planets that exoplanets number 

5735
05:28:10,400 --> 05:28:13,800
in the thousands already 
discovered and that more are 

5736
05:28:13,800 --> 05:28:16,700
found constantly. 
You know, some of these worlds 

5737
05:28:16,700 --> 05:28:19,800
are roughly earth-sized 
orbiting, their stars at 

5738
05:28:19,800 --> 05:28:22,200
distance is where liquid water 
could exist. 

5739
05:28:23,300 --> 05:28:27,400
You know, the chemistry of life 
carbon-based molecules water and

5740
05:28:27,400 --> 05:28:30,300
energy is common throughout the 
Universe. 

5741
05:28:30,300 --> 05:28:34,300
You know that if life exists 
here it probably exists 

5742
05:28:34,300 --> 05:28:38,100
elsewhere too though whether 
it's common or rare simple or 

5743
05:28:38,100 --> 05:28:42,400
complex contemporary or extinct 
remains unknown yet. 

5744
05:28:42,400 --> 05:28:45,800
Despite all this knowledge, 
you're lying in a field. 

5745
05:28:45,800 --> 05:28:47,300
Looking at stars. 
Exactly. 

5746
05:28:47,300 --> 05:28:51,200
As humans have done for hundreds
of thousands of years, the 

5747
05:28:51,200 --> 05:28:53,000
technology has changed 
dramatically. 

5748
05:28:54,200 --> 05:28:57,800
You might have a telescope 
beside you or a smartphone app 

5749
05:28:57,800 --> 05:29:01,600
identifying constellations or 
coordinates for satellites 

5750
05:29:01,600 --> 05:29:04,900
passing overhead, but the 
fundamental activity is 

5751
05:29:04,900 --> 05:29:08,900
unchanged your watching the sky 
wandering. 

5752
05:29:08,900 --> 05:29:12,500
About those lights. 
Continuing a tradition older 

5753
05:29:12,500 --> 05:29:16,300
than civilization itself. 
The Stars you are seeing of this

5754
05:29:16,308 --> 05:29:17,800
Same Stars. 
Ancient. 

5755
05:29:17,800 --> 05:29:22,300
Observers saw give or take a few
Supernova and proper motion over

5756
05:29:22,300 --> 05:29:24,900
millennia. 
The patterns are almost 

5757
05:29:24,900 --> 05:29:29,400
identical if an Ice Age Hunter 
or a Babylonian priest, or a 

5758
05:29:29,400 --> 05:29:32,900
Polynesian Navigator joined you.
In this field, you'd recognize 

5759
05:29:32,900 --> 05:29:38,000
the same constellations point to
the same bright stars and share 

5760
05:29:38,000 --> 05:29:41,300
the same sense of wonder at the 
vastness above. 

5761
05:29:41,300 --> 05:29:43,600
What's different is 
understanding. 

5762
05:29:43,600 --> 05:29:47,000
You know, what those lights are,
how far away they are, what 

5763
05:29:47,000 --> 05:29:51,100
they're made of how they formed 
and how they'll die, you know, 

5764
05:29:51,108 --> 05:29:54,500
the physics governing their 
behavior, the chemistry of their

5765
05:29:54,500 --> 05:29:57,600
atmospheres and the mechanics of
their orbits. 

5766
05:29:58,400 --> 05:30:02,400
You've turned mystery into 
knowledge but somehow the Wonder

5767
05:30:02,400 --> 05:30:07,000
remains undiminished, perhaps. 
It's even greater now because 

5768
05:30:07,000 --> 05:30:09,600
you understand not just what 
you're seeing, but what it 

5769
05:30:09,608 --> 05:30:13,000
means, billions of Worlds 
scattered across 

5770
05:30:13,000 --> 05:30:18,000
incomprehensible distances, all 
governed, by universal laws, all

5771
05:30:18,000 --> 05:30:20,900
part of one vast interconnected 
Cosmos. 

5772
05:30:20,900 --> 05:30:25,500
This knowledge was hard one. 
It required countless observers 

5773
05:30:25,500 --> 05:30:28,600
spending countless nights 
recording positions, measuring 

5774
05:30:28,600 --> 05:30:33,200
angles timing of events and 
noting correlations, It required

5775
05:30:33,200 --> 05:30:37,000
mathematical genius to create 
models, explaining observations 

5776
05:30:37,000 --> 05:30:40,200
it, required technological, 
innovation, to build 

5777
05:30:40,200 --> 05:30:42,800
instruments. 
Extending human Senses Into 

5778
05:30:42,800 --> 05:30:45,700
Realms. 
We can't perceive unaided it 

5779
05:30:45,700 --> 05:30:48,300
required patience. 
The patience to make 

5780
05:30:48,300 --> 05:30:52,000
observations over lifetimes to 
pursue answers across 

5781
05:30:52,000 --> 05:30:55,600
generations and to accept that, 
some questions wouldn't be 

5782
05:30:55,600 --> 05:30:57,700
answered in any individual 
lifetime. 

5783
05:30:58,500 --> 05:31:02,900
But mostly it required, 
curiosity that simple desire to 

5784
05:31:02,900 --> 05:31:06,000
understand to know what those 
lights are and what they mean 

5785
05:31:06,000 --> 05:31:09,800
has driven Humanity's. 
Astronomical efforts from the 

5786
05:31:09,800 --> 05:31:12,300
beginning. 
We didn't need to understand the

5787
05:31:12,300 --> 05:31:17,000
Stars to survive early humans 
managed without knowing Stellar 

5788
05:31:17,000 --> 05:31:18,900
distances or Galactic 
structures. 

5789
05:31:18,900 --> 05:31:23,400
But we wanted to know anyway and
that wanting was enough to 

5790
05:31:23,400 --> 05:31:26,600
motivate Millennia of effort as 
you lie there. 

5791
05:31:26,600 --> 05:31:29,500
You might wonder what future 
observers will know that you 

5792
05:31:29,500 --> 05:31:33,900
don't what discoveries awake, 
better instruments, deeper 

5793
05:31:33,900 --> 05:31:36,700
observations and more 
sophisticated theories. 

5794
05:31:37,500 --> 05:31:40,800
Will we find life on other 
worlds or evidence that we are 

5795
05:31:40,800 --> 05:31:43,900
alone? 
Will we understand dark matter 

5796
05:31:43,900 --> 05:31:47,200
and dark energy or will they 
remain mysterious? 

5797
05:31:48,100 --> 05:31:51,000
Will we discover the universe's 
ultimate fate? 

5798
05:31:51,700 --> 05:31:56,200
Endless expansion eventual, 
collapse or something stranger. 

5799
05:31:56,200 --> 05:31:59,900
Will we develop Technologies 
allowing travel to other stars 

5800
05:31:59,900 --> 05:32:02,600
or will the distances prove 
insurmountable? 

5801
05:32:02,600 --> 05:32:04,900
You don't know. 
And that's wonderful. 

5802
05:32:04,900 --> 05:32:07,800
It means astronomy. 
Story isn't finished. 

5803
05:32:07,800 --> 05:32:12,300
There are still Mysteries to 
solve discoveries to make and 

5804
05:32:12,300 --> 05:32:15,200
Revolutions in understanding 
waiting to happen. 

5805
05:32:16,100 --> 05:32:21,100
The universe is vast and strange
and Humanity as barely begun. 

5806
05:32:21,100 --> 05:32:24,800
Exploring it what we've learned 
in our brief time as a species 

5807
05:32:24,800 --> 05:32:28,600
is impressive, but what remains 
to learn is surely greater 

5808
05:32:28,600 --> 05:32:33,400
still, the stars shine on 
indifferent to human observation

5809
05:32:33,400 --> 05:32:36,700
following physical laws 
established billions of years 

5810
05:32:36,700 --> 05:32:38,900
ago in the universe's hot 
beginning. 

5811
05:32:38,900 --> 05:32:42,800
They'll continue shining long 
after Humanity as gone. 

5812
05:32:42,800 --> 05:32:46,900
Whether that thousands millions 
or billions of years from now. 

5813
05:32:46,900 --> 05:32:51,500
But while we're here, while we 
have the capacity to wonder and 

5814
05:32:51,500 --> 05:32:55,200
observe and understand we're 
part of something Magnificent, 

5815
05:32:55,200 --> 05:33:00,600
the universe coming to know 
itself, Because that's what 

5816
05:33:00,600 --> 05:33:04,100
astronomy is ultimately. 
It's the cosmos developing 

5817
05:33:04,100 --> 05:33:08,500
awareness, asking questions 
about its own nature and seeking

5818
05:33:08,500 --> 05:33:10,900
answers to how and why it 
exists. 

5819
05:33:12,200 --> 05:33:16,300
We are the universe observing 
itself, matter and energy 

5820
05:33:16,300 --> 05:33:20,100
arranged in patterns complex 
enough to contemplate their own 

5821
05:33:20,100 --> 05:33:22,800
Origins. 
When you look at stars and 

5822
05:33:22,800 --> 05:33:25,700
wonder about them, your 
participating in something. 

5823
05:33:25,700 --> 05:33:30,900
Profound the long patient work 
of understanding of transforming

5824
05:33:30,900 --> 05:33:35,000
mystery into knowledge of 
finding Humanity's place in the 

5825
05:33:35,000 --> 05:33:39,500
vast Cosmic story. 
So when clear nights come step 

5826
05:33:39,500 --> 05:33:44,300
out side, look up your caring 
forward, a traditions of 

5827
05:33:44,308 --> 05:33:48,600
thousands of years old joining 
countless observers across time 

5828
05:33:48,600 --> 05:33:51,800
who have shared your curiosity, 
you're seeing light that 

5829
05:33:51,800 --> 05:33:54,400
traveled across space and time 
to reach your eyes. 

5830
05:33:54,400 --> 05:33:58,700
Photons that began their 
Journeys years or centuries ago 

5831
05:33:58,700 --> 05:34:02,300
from distant Suns. 
Your witnessing a universe of 

5832
05:34:02,300 --> 05:34:05,900
almost incomprehensible scale 
and Beauty governed. 

5833
05:34:05,900 --> 05:34:09,500
By elegant laws, we've only 
partially understood and in 

5834
05:34:09,500 --> 05:34:13,400
doing so your continuing the 
work, those First curious humans

5835
05:34:13,400 --> 05:34:15,900
began on African grasslands so 
long ago. 

5836
05:34:16,900 --> 05:34:20,200
The work of looking upward 
wondering what those lights 

5837
05:34:20,200 --> 05:34:24,600
might be and slowly patiently, 
figuring it out. 

5838
05:34:25,600 --> 05:34:30,700
The journey isn't finished, the 
sky, holds mystery still waiting

5839
05:34:30,700 --> 05:34:34,500
for observers with new tools and
new insights to reveal them. 

5840
05:34:35,300 --> 05:34:40,000
tonight, your part of that 
Journey, Connected across time 

5841
05:34:40,000 --> 05:34:44,700
to everyone, who's ever wondered
about the Stars, welcome to that

5842
05:34:44,700 --> 05:34:49,100
ancient Fellowship of star. 
Watchers, the universe is vast, 

5843
05:34:49,100 --> 05:34:53,100
beautiful and comprehensible, 
and it's been waiting billions 

5844
05:34:53,100 --> 05:34:55,900
of years for mine's capable of 
understanding it. 

5845
05:34:56,800 --> 05:35:00,800
Your one of those mines. 
Look up, wonder and know that 

5846
05:35:00,808 --> 05:35:04,300
your participating in one of 
Humanity's greatest projects. 

5847
05:35:05,100 --> 05:35:08,400
The long patient effort to 
understand how the universe 

5848
05:35:08,400 --> 05:35:13,000
works and our place within it. 
Sweet dreams beneath the stars. 

5849
05:35:16,500 --> 05:35:18,900
Wake before the sun though 
you've never called it, that 

5850
05:35:18,900 --> 05:35:22,700
there's no word for son's 
separate from sky, or light or 

5851
05:35:22,700 --> 05:35:24,900
warmth. 
The thing that brightens the 

5852
05:35:24,900 --> 05:35:28,900
world is simply part of how the 
world works like your breath or 

5853
05:35:28,900 --> 05:35:32,400
the sound of wind through grass 
your eyes open because the 

5854
05:35:32,400 --> 05:35:35,200
darkness has shifted to, that 
particular gray that comes 

5855
05:35:35,200 --> 05:35:38,100
before Dawn. 
A change, you've recognized 

5856
05:35:38,100 --> 05:35:40,200
since childhood without ever 
needing to name it. 

5857
05:35:40,200 --> 05:35:44,600
The shelter around you is woven 
from branches and hide, and it 

5858
05:35:44,600 --> 05:35:47,600
smells like smoke and people, 
and the particular mustiness of 

5859
05:35:47,600 --> 05:35:50,700
dried grass that's been rained 
on, and dried again, countless 

5860
05:35:50,700 --> 05:35:55,700
times Your sister sleeps nearby,
her breathing steady three other

5861
05:35:55,700 --> 05:35:57,800
members of your band. 
You don't think of them as a 

5862
05:35:57,800 --> 05:36:00,400
family because that word with 
its neat boundaries doesn't 

5863
05:36:00,400 --> 05:36:02,600
exist yet. 
Or so stirring. 

5864
05:36:02,600 --> 05:36:05,700
One of them coughs that wet 
sound. 

5865
05:36:05,700 --> 05:36:08,200
That means the cold. 
Season is settling into lungs, 

5866
05:36:08,200 --> 05:36:12,100
you recognize it without alarm. 
It happened every year when the 

5867
05:36:12,108 --> 05:36:15,100
leaves turn colors and fall 
away, you don't know what year 

5868
05:36:15,100 --> 05:36:17,000
it is. 
Of course, you don't even know 

5869
05:36:17,000 --> 05:36:20,200
what year is, not really. 
You understand that the warm 

5870
05:36:20,200 --> 05:36:24,600
times come and go, so certain 
plants appear and disappear, and

5871
05:36:24,600 --> 05:36:27,400
that animals moving patterns, 
you've learned to anticipate, 

5872
05:36:27,400 --> 05:36:31,300
but the idea of counting these 
cycles of saying, this is the 

5873
05:36:31,300 --> 05:36:34,700
19th time, the snow as comes, 
since I was born, that 

5874
05:36:34,700 --> 05:36:37,600
particular kind of thinking 
hasn't occurred to anyone yet. 

5875
05:36:37,600 --> 05:36:40,000
You are by the Reckoning of a 
future. 

5876
05:36:40,000 --> 05:36:43,800
You'll never see approximately 
24 years old but you have no 

5877
05:36:43,800 --> 05:36:46,600
idea how old you are. 
And the concept would baffle 

5878
05:36:46,600 --> 05:36:48,100
you. 
If someone could travel back and

5879
05:36:48,100 --> 05:36:51,700
explain it, what you do know is 
that your body tells you things?

5880
05:36:52,200 --> 05:36:55,600
You're not a child anymore. 
That much is obvious from the 

5881
05:36:55,600 --> 05:36:58,000
way you move from the strength 
in your arms. 

5882
05:36:58,000 --> 05:37:01,100
And from the fact that you 
remember the old woman who died,

5883
05:37:01,100 --> 05:37:04,900
three cold seasons ago, and she 
remembered things from before 

5884
05:37:04,900 --> 05:37:08,500
you were born, this creates a 
loose sense of time, there's 

5885
05:37:08,500 --> 05:37:10,700
when I was small. 
And now and the understanding 

5886
05:37:10,700 --> 05:37:13,400
that you will eventually become 
slower and wrinkled like the old

5887
05:37:13,400 --> 05:37:18,200
woman was Beyond that time is 
just the way things flow like 

5888
05:37:18,200 --> 05:37:22,500
water moving Downstream. 
You stand up and your knees make

5889
05:37:22,500 --> 05:37:25,000
that small clicking sound. 
They've been making lately. 

5890
05:37:25,900 --> 05:37:29,500
Outside the shelter, the world 
is emerging from Darkness, the 

5891
05:37:29,500 --> 05:37:32,800
landscape is familiar, you've 
known these Hills and that 

5892
05:37:32,800 --> 05:37:35,000
distant line of trees for your 
entire existence. 

5893
05:37:35,000 --> 05:37:38,100
Your band doesn't wander 
randomly. 

5894
05:37:38,100 --> 05:37:40,900
You move through a territory 
that your people have moved 

5895
05:37:40,900 --> 05:37:42,800
through for longer than anyone 
can remember. 

5896
05:37:43,800 --> 05:37:46,600
Following patterns set by 
ancestors whose names were. 

5897
05:37:46,600 --> 05:37:50,100
Never recorded because names 
themselves are simpler than 

5898
05:37:50,100 --> 05:37:53,300
they'll One Day become. 
There's a particular irony to 

5899
05:37:53,300 --> 05:37:56,500
your morning that you'll never 
appreciate. your living in what 

5900
05:37:56,500 --> 05:38:00,400
future humans will call 
prehistory A label that frames 

5901
05:38:00,400 --> 05:38:04,000
your entire existence is. 
Merely the opening act before 

5902
05:38:04,000 --> 05:38:08,100
the real story begins. 
Standing here, feeling the cold 

5903
05:38:08,100 --> 05:38:11,500
air on your skin and smelling, 
the approach of rain, you are 

5904
05:38:11,500 --> 05:38:15,200
not before history, You're 
simply alive and your life feels

5905
05:38:15,200 --> 05:38:18,200
as immediate and important as 
any life that will ever be 

5906
05:38:18,200 --> 05:38:20,700
lived. 
Your stomach makes its familiar 

5907
05:38:20,700 --> 05:38:23,800
mourning complaint and you 
respond the way you always do. 

5908
05:38:23,800 --> 05:38:28,700
But thinking about food, 
Thinking about food in your era 

5909
05:38:28,700 --> 05:38:31,300
means something different than 
it will for your descendants. 

5910
05:38:31,300 --> 05:38:34,200
You don't wonder what you're in 
the mood for or debate between 

5911
05:38:34,200 --> 05:38:36,500
options. 
You think about where food is 

5912
05:38:36,500 --> 05:38:39,600
which direction to walk and what
might be ready to eat. 

5913
05:38:40,500 --> 05:38:43,000
The tall grass by the water 
should have seeds now. 

5914
05:38:43,000 --> 05:38:46,700
Yes, today you noticed the birds
were thick there, which means 

5915
05:38:46,700 --> 05:38:49,800
the Sea's are right. 
There are so routes near the 

5916
05:38:49,808 --> 05:38:52,400
rocky area. 
The kind, that a bitter, unless 

5917
05:38:52,400 --> 05:38:55,400
you pound them and rinse them, 
but they fill your belly when 

5918
05:38:55,400 --> 05:38:59,000
you can't find anything else. 
And if you're lucky though, you 

5919
05:38:59,000 --> 05:39:01,700
don't think of it as luck more, 
as how things sometimes work 

5920
05:39:01,700 --> 05:39:05,000
out, someone might spot an 
animal that can be brought down.

5921
05:39:05,000 --> 05:39:08,600
You gather a carrying bag woven 
from plant fibers. 

5922
05:39:08,600 --> 05:39:12,600
One of the few possessions you 
own, the bank took four days to 

5923
05:39:12,600 --> 05:39:15,200
make, and you'll use it until it
falls apart. 

5924
05:39:15,200 --> 05:39:18,500
Then make another one. 
The concept of having multiple 

5925
05:39:18,500 --> 05:39:21,700
bags or of keeping the old one, 
as a backup, doesn't occur to 

5926
05:39:21,700 --> 05:39:23,600
you things exist until they 
don't. 

5927
05:39:23,600 --> 05:39:26,600
And then you make new things, 
three others. 

5928
05:39:26,600 --> 05:39:29,700
Come with you toward the 
grassland, you don't announce a 

5929
05:39:29,700 --> 05:39:33,300
plan or assign roles. 
Everyone simply knows through 

5930
05:39:33,300 --> 05:39:35,900
years of doing the same 
activity, what needs to happen. 

5931
05:39:35,900 --> 05:39:39,800
You move quietly, not because 
you're hunting right now, but 

5932
05:39:39,800 --> 05:39:42,400
because moving quietly is how 
you've always moved. 

5933
05:39:43,200 --> 05:39:45,700
Making unnecessary noises like 
wasting food. 

5934
05:39:45,700 --> 05:39:48,900
It serves no purpose and might 
cost you something. 

5935
05:39:48,900 --> 05:39:52,600
The walk takes you past a tree. 
You've always liked though 

5936
05:39:52,600 --> 05:39:56,600
you've never articulated. 
Why Is is just a tree that feels

5937
05:39:56,600 --> 05:39:58,700
right? 
That marks the point where the 

5938
05:39:58,700 --> 05:40:02,100
path Curves in this moment, 
you're navigating through a 

5939
05:40:02,100 --> 05:40:05,300
landscape of feelings and 
associations, rather than names,

5940
05:40:05,300 --> 05:40:08,500
and measurements that Boulder 
isn't 300 yards from camp. 

5941
05:40:09,200 --> 05:40:11,200
It's the boulder where someone 
wants or a snake. 

5942
05:40:11,200 --> 05:40:14,800
The boulder that marks, where 
the good Clay is the boulder 

5943
05:40:14,800 --> 05:40:20,100
that just is You reach the 
grassland and yes, the seeds are

5944
05:40:20,100 --> 05:40:22,200
ready. 
Everyone spreads out and begins 

5945
05:40:22,200 --> 05:40:25,000
Gathering pulling the seed heads
into their bags. 

5946
05:40:25,000 --> 05:40:28,500
With practiced efficiently, this
is tedious work. 

5947
05:40:28,500 --> 05:40:31,900
The kind that will occupy you 
for most of the morning, your 

5948
05:40:31,900 --> 05:40:34,300
hands move automatically while 
your mind drifts. 

5949
05:40:34,900 --> 05:40:39,200
But not far, you stay aware of 
everything, the wind direction, 

5950
05:40:39,200 --> 05:40:42,900
the sounds of birds, and the 
movement of grass that might 

5951
05:40:42,900 --> 05:40:44,700
indicate an animal passing 
through. 

5952
05:40:44,700 --> 05:40:47,800
Here's something you do that 
your distant descendants, will 

5953
05:40:47,808 --> 05:40:51,800
forget how to do, you monitor 
about a dozen different sensory 

5954
05:40:51,800 --> 05:40:55,800
inputs simultaneously without 
getting overwhelmed, the modern 

5955
05:40:55,800 --> 05:40:57,700
human. 
Brain will evolve to filter out 

5956
05:40:57,700 --> 05:41:01,300
most environmental information 
as background noise but yours 

5957
05:41:01,300 --> 05:41:03,000
treats. 
It all as potentially crucial. 

5958
05:41:03,900 --> 05:41:06,800
That faint smell on, the Wind 
might mean, where the changing 

5959
05:41:06,800 --> 05:41:09,700
that particular bird called, 
might mean a predator. 

5960
05:41:10,500 --> 05:41:13,200
Fact that the insects suddenly 
went quiet might mean something 

5961
05:41:13,200 --> 05:41:18,500
as approaching you gather seeds,
and gather seeds and gather more

5962
05:41:18,500 --> 05:41:21,100
seeds. 
There's a meditative quality to 

5963
05:41:21,100 --> 05:41:23,300
it, though. 
Meditation as a concept doesn't 

5964
05:41:23,300 --> 05:41:26,200
exist, you're just doing the 
thing that keeps you alive. 

5965
05:41:26,200 --> 05:41:30,300
The same way your heartbeat, 
keeps you alive the sun, climbs 

5966
05:41:30,300 --> 05:41:33,600
higher your bag. 
Grows heavier at some point, 

5967
05:41:33,600 --> 05:41:36,300
measured not by clock. 
But by the fullness of your bag,

5968
05:41:36,300 --> 05:41:39,200
and the position of the sun and 
the increasing warmth of the day

5969
05:41:39,200 --> 05:41:43,500
you stop, A young boy has been 
watching you work, and now he 

5970
05:41:43,500 --> 05:41:46,500
tries to copy what you're doing.
Is perhaps eight years old, 

5971
05:41:46,500 --> 05:41:48,100
though? 
Neither of you would know that. 

5972
05:41:48,900 --> 05:41:51,600
He simply a child who's getting 
big enough to help but still 

5973
05:41:51,608 --> 05:41:54,300
needs to learn. 
You don't give him instructions.

5974
05:41:54,300 --> 05:41:56,800
Not exactly. 
You just do what you're doing 

5975
05:41:56,800 --> 05:42:00,300
and he watches and occasionally.
You're just his hands when he's 

5976
05:42:00,300 --> 05:42:03,000
doing it wrong. 
This is the only education that 

5977
05:42:03,000 --> 05:42:05,900
exists observation and 
correction. 

5978
05:42:07,600 --> 05:42:11,200
There are no schools know 
teachers and no curricular 

5979
05:42:11,200 --> 05:42:14,400
everything you know you learned 
by watching someone who learned 

5980
05:42:14,400 --> 05:42:17,400
by watching someone else in a 
chain that stretches back 

5981
05:42:17,400 --> 05:42:20,600
further than anyone could 
imagine, you know what plants 

5982
05:42:20,600 --> 05:42:23,300
are poisonous because someone 
wants watch someone else die 

5983
05:42:23,300 --> 05:42:25,600
from eating them. 
And the knowledge was passed 

5984
05:42:25,600 --> 05:42:29,000
along through demonstration and 
reaction, don't eat, this isn't 

5985
05:42:29,000 --> 05:42:32,800
a sentence is a sound of disgust
combined with a pushing away 

5986
05:42:32,800 --> 05:42:34,900
motion combined, with maybe 
invoking. 

5987
05:42:34,900 --> 05:42:37,900
The memory of the person who 
died the boy is learning to 

5988
05:42:37,900 --> 05:42:41,900
gather seeds but he's also 
learning other things, how to 

5989
05:42:41,900 --> 05:42:45,400
move through the landscape, how 
to read the signs, how to work 

5990
05:42:45,400 --> 05:42:49,400
without complaint, when to rest 
and how to carry a heavy bag 

5991
05:42:49,400 --> 05:42:52,000
without straining. 
Your back, none of these lessons

5992
05:42:52,000 --> 05:42:55,000
are formal. 
They're just absorbed The Way 

5993
05:42:55,000 --> 05:42:57,800
languages, absorbed the way 
walking is absorbed. 

5994
05:42:57,800 --> 05:43:00,600
You remember, learning the same 
way, watching an older woman, 

5995
05:43:00,600 --> 05:43:03,200
who is now dead. 
You remember her hands. 

5996
05:43:03,200 --> 05:43:06,800
Whether and quick moving through
the grass, you remember, the 

5997
05:43:06,800 --> 05:43:10,900
sound she Made a kind of 
rhythmic humming and you realize

5998
05:43:10,900 --> 05:43:14,300
you're making the same sound now
without having meant to the 

5999
05:43:14,300 --> 05:43:16,200
knowledge lives in your body 
more than your mind. 

6000
05:43:16,200 --> 05:43:19,300
Your hands know what to do 
before, you think about it, 

6001
05:43:19,300 --> 05:43:23,900
midday brings heat and everyone 
moves to the shade of a 

6002
05:43:23,900 --> 05:43:27,000
scattered group of trees, you 
sit and eat some of the seeds, 

6003
05:43:27,000 --> 05:43:28,500
you've gathered, cracking them 
with your teeth. 

6004
05:43:28,500 --> 05:43:33,100
They taste like they always 
taste nutty and dry and filling 

6005
05:43:33,100 --> 05:43:36,800
no one speaks much. 
There's an easy silence that 

6006
05:43:36,800 --> 05:43:39,400
comes from spending every day 
together from working. 

6007
05:43:39,400 --> 05:43:42,100
In parallel, on tasks everyone 
understands. 

6008
05:43:43,000 --> 05:43:46,200
An older man points at the sky, 
and you follow his gesture to 

6009
05:43:46,200 --> 05:43:49,000
see birds circling high up. 
He makes a sound. 

6010
05:43:49,000 --> 05:43:52,000
That means something like their 
or look or an animal died. 

6011
05:43:52,000 --> 05:43:55,400
And you understand. 
Something large as died 

6012
05:43:55,400 --> 05:43:57,900
somewhere. 
In that direction and scavenger 

6013
05:43:57,900 --> 05:44:01,300
birds are mocking the location. 
This is information. 

6014
05:44:01,300 --> 05:44:04,200
You'll file away. 
If you get desperate for food, 

6015
05:44:04,200 --> 05:44:06,800
you might go investigate though 
you'll have to compete with 

6016
05:44:06,800 --> 05:44:09,500
other scavengers and the meat 
might be too far gone. 

6017
05:44:11,100 --> 05:44:13,900
As often than you head back 
toward the shelter area. 

6018
05:44:13,900 --> 05:44:16,900
The camp isn't permanent, not 
the way future. 

6019
05:44:16,900 --> 05:44:19,700
Humans will build permanent 
structures but it's not 

6020
05:44:19,700 --> 05:44:23,400
completely temporary either. 
Your band has used this location

6021
05:44:23,400 --> 05:44:27,300
for several warm Seasons now, 
Shelters are rebuilt and 

6022
05:44:27,300 --> 05:44:30,200
reinforced rather than 
constructed fresh each time. 

6023
05:44:30,200 --> 05:44:34,000
There's a fire pit with stones 
arranged around it stones. 

6024
05:44:34,000 --> 05:44:36,500
That have been heated and cooled
so many times. 

6025
05:44:36,500 --> 05:44:38,500
They've cracked and been 
replaced and cracked. 

6026
05:44:38,500 --> 05:44:42,200
Again, the shelters themselves 
are engineering Marvels though. 

6027
05:44:42,200 --> 05:44:45,100
You'd never think of them that 
way they're made from branches. 

6028
05:44:45,100 --> 05:44:47,900
You've carefully selected for 
their flexibility and strength 

6029
05:44:47,900 --> 05:44:51,600
bent and lashed together with 
plant fiber cordage that you 

6030
05:44:51,600 --> 05:44:54,800
twisted during long. 
Evenings hides, a stretched 

6031
05:44:54,800 --> 05:44:58,400
across the frame. 
Not randomly, positioned to shed

6032
05:44:58,400 --> 05:45:00,500
rain and block wind from the 
direction. 

6033
05:45:00,500 --> 05:45:03,700
It usually comes, you know, 
exactly how to build these 

6034
05:45:03,700 --> 05:45:06,600
structures because you've built 
the many times and you know 

6035
05:45:06,600 --> 05:45:09,200
exactly where to place them 
because your people have been 

6036
05:45:09,200 --> 05:45:12,800
placing them in locations like 
this for Generations inside the 

6037
05:45:12,800 --> 05:45:14,900
main shelter. 
There's a particular smell that 

6038
05:45:14,900 --> 05:45:17,900
means home. 
It's composed of smoke and human

6039
05:45:17,900 --> 05:45:19,800
scent, and the hides and the 
grass. 

6040
05:45:19,800 --> 05:45:21,600
You've piled for bedding and 
something else. 

6041
05:45:21,600 --> 05:45:25,400
Something into findable, that 
just means here as a post to 

6042
05:45:25,408 --> 05:45:26,100
everywhere. 
Else. 

6043
05:45:27,100 --> 05:45:29,800
You drop your seed bag near the 
others and stretch your back. 

6044
05:45:29,800 --> 05:45:33,300
A woman is working on, scraping 
hide, preparing it for use. 

6045
05:45:34,000 --> 05:45:37,200
The process is long and requires
attention and she's been at it 

6046
05:45:37,200 --> 05:45:39,400
for days. 
She'll continue being at it for 

6047
05:45:39,400 --> 05:45:42,000
days. 
More, the stone tool she's using

6048
05:45:42,000 --> 05:45:44,400
was made by someone who died 
before you were born. 

6049
05:45:44,400 --> 05:45:47,100
And it's been used by many hands
since then. 

6050
05:45:48,000 --> 05:45:51,300
Tools are valuable, they take 
time to make and represent 

6051
05:45:51,300 --> 05:45:54,700
accumulated knowledge. 
This particular scraper has the 

6052
05:45:54,700 --> 05:45:57,600
right shape and the right Edge 
and everyone treats it with 

6053
05:45:57,600 --> 05:46:00,800
casual care. 
You sit near the fire pit and 

6054
05:46:00,800 --> 05:46:03,100
begin cracking seeds to remove 
the hulls. 

6055
05:46:03,100 --> 05:46:07,000
This is more tedious work and 
your mind drifts again, you 

6056
05:46:07,000 --> 05:46:10,000
think about a dream you had last
night, something about running 

6057
05:46:10,000 --> 05:46:13,300
through water, dreams are 
important to you in ways that 

6058
05:46:13,300 --> 05:46:16,400
future humans will both 
understand and not understand. 

6059
05:46:16,400 --> 05:46:19,500
You don't think dreams are 
messages from Gods. 

6060
05:46:19,500 --> 05:46:22,900
The concept of gods in that 
sense, doesn't quite exist, yet,

6061
05:46:23,900 --> 05:46:27,500
But you do feel that dreams mean
something that they're connected

6062
05:46:27,500 --> 05:46:29,700
to the real world in ways you 
can't articulate. 

6063
05:46:29,700 --> 05:46:32,500
As darkness comes the fire is 
built up. 

6064
05:46:33,400 --> 05:46:36,600
Fire is so Central to your 
existence that you can barely 

6065
05:46:36,600 --> 05:46:40,600
imagine life without it, though,
your distant ancestors did live 

6066
05:46:40,600 --> 05:46:43,400
without it. 
The knowledge of firemaking is 

6067
05:46:43,400 --> 05:46:46,500
pressure. 
You know, several methods, the 

6068
05:46:46,500 --> 05:46:50,200
bow drill striking certain rocks
together and using friction with

6069
05:46:50,200 --> 05:46:52,800
sticks. 
You've practiced all of them 

6070
05:46:52,800 --> 05:46:54,700
because fire knowledge is 
survival knowledge. 

6071
05:46:55,500 --> 05:46:58,700
The fire creates a bubble of 
light and warmth in the 

6072
05:46:58,700 --> 05:47:01,700
darkness. 
Everyone gathers near it, not by

6073
05:47:01,700 --> 05:47:03,900
command. 
But by natural inclination. 

6074
05:47:04,700 --> 05:47:08,100
The night is when stories 
happen, an older man begins 

6075
05:47:08,100 --> 05:47:10,300
talking. 
His voice settling into that 

6076
05:47:10,300 --> 05:47:12,700
particular Rhythm. 
That means a story is being 

6077
05:47:12,700 --> 05:47:16,000
told, you've heard this story 
before, you've heard it many 

6078
05:47:16,000 --> 05:47:20,000
times, but that doesn't matter. 
The repetition is the point. 

6079
05:47:20,000 --> 05:47:23,500
He tells about a time when the 
big animals were more numerous 

6080
05:47:23,500 --> 05:47:27,400
about hunting a creature. 
So large, it fed the entire band

6081
05:47:27,400 --> 05:47:31,600
for a full cycle of the moon, 
his hands move, as he talks 

6082
05:47:31,600 --> 05:47:34,400
showing the size, the movement, 
and the danger. 

6083
05:47:34,400 --> 05:47:38,400
The story contains practical 
information about hunting about 

6084
05:47:38,400 --> 05:47:41,300
animal behavior and about 
courage and caution. 

6085
05:47:42,200 --> 05:47:46,100
But it's not told, as a lesson, 
it's told, as a story and the 

6086
05:47:46,100 --> 05:47:50,300
lesson sinks in sideways through
enjoyment, you add your own 

6087
05:47:50,308 --> 05:47:52,700
story about finding a beehive 
last warm season. 

6088
05:47:52,700 --> 05:47:56,800
You don't mention that, you got 
stung, multiple times, that's 

6089
05:47:56,800 --> 05:47:58,900
implied. 
In the way, you gesture, you 

6090
05:47:58,900 --> 05:48:01,800
talk about the sweetness, the 
way the honey, tasted like 

6091
05:48:01,800 --> 05:48:04,600
nothing else tastes, and 
everyone listening makes 

6092
05:48:04,600 --> 05:48:07,100
satisfied sounds. 
Because they remember that 

6093
05:48:07,100 --> 05:48:09,000
honey. 
They tasted it too. 

6094
05:48:09,900 --> 05:48:12,400
The story is partly about the 
honey but mostly about the 

6095
05:48:12,400 --> 05:48:15,400
shared experience the 
confirmation that yes this 

6096
05:48:15,400 --> 05:48:17,400
happened. 
We were there and we tasted it 

6097
05:48:17,400 --> 05:48:19,700
together. 
There's a story about a woman 

6098
05:48:19,700 --> 05:48:22,200
who went crazy from eating the 
wrong mushroom. 

6099
05:48:22,200 --> 05:48:26,600
A cautionary tale told with dark
humor There's a story about 

6100
05:48:26,600 --> 05:48:30,400
fighting off a predator told 
with gestures so vivid you can 

6101
05:48:30,400 --> 05:48:33,200
almost see the animal. 
There's a story about getting 

6102
05:48:33,200 --> 05:48:36,600
lost and finding the way back 
about reading the land and about

6103
05:48:36,600 --> 05:48:39,400
staying calm. 
These stories are your books, 

6104
05:48:39,400 --> 05:48:42,100
your history, your school, and 
your entertainment. 

6105
05:48:42,100 --> 05:48:45,900
Everything important is encoded 
in narrative and passed along 

6106
05:48:45,908 --> 05:48:49,500
through repetition. 
Stories change slightly with 

6107
05:48:49,500 --> 05:48:52,600
each telling details shift new 
elements appear. 

6108
05:48:52,600 --> 05:48:56,500
Some parts are emphasized. 
While others fade, it's an oral 

6109
05:48:56,500 --> 05:48:59,500
tradition before. 
Anyone knows to call it that a 

6110
05:48:59,500 --> 05:49:01,300
living Library stored in human 
memory. 

6111
05:49:02,500 --> 05:49:06,200
As the fire dies down to Embers,
people drift towards sleep. 

6112
05:49:06,900 --> 05:49:08,400
There's no announcement of bed 
time. 

6113
05:49:08,400 --> 05:49:10,900
No clock. 
To check you sleep, when 

6114
05:49:10,900 --> 05:49:14,200
darkness and tiredness a line 
and you wake when your body 

6115
05:49:14,200 --> 05:49:17,900
decides its time, This usually 
means you sleep, much longer 

6116
05:49:17,900 --> 05:49:21,000
than your future descendants 
will, perhaps nine, or ten 

6117
05:49:21,000 --> 05:49:24,700
hours, sometimes, more, but you 
also wake frequently during the 

6118
05:49:24,700 --> 05:49:28,500
night, a habit that kept your 
ancestors alive when predators 

6119
05:49:28,500 --> 05:49:32,100
prowled in darkness. 
You lie on your grass, bedding 

6120
05:49:32,100 --> 05:49:35,600
wrapped in Hyde listening to the
sounds of others. 

6121
05:49:35,600 --> 05:49:38,600
Breathing. 
Someone is snoring a wet 

6122
05:49:38,608 --> 05:49:40,600
rattling sound. 
That's been part of the night 

6123
05:49:40,600 --> 05:49:42,300
soundscape for as long as you 
can remember. 

6124
05:49:43,200 --> 05:49:45,200
Outside. 
You can hear the wind moving 

6125
05:49:45,200 --> 05:49:49,000
through trees, a small, animal 
scurrying somewhere and the 

6126
05:49:49,000 --> 05:49:53,100
distant call of a night, bird 
your mind processes the day 

6127
05:49:53,100 --> 05:49:55,400
without formal reflection. 
You don't think. 

6128
05:49:55,400 --> 05:49:59,400
What did I accomplish today? 
What do I need to do tomorrow? 

6129
05:50:00,400 --> 05:50:03,300
Your thoughts are more 
immediate, the seeds gathered, 

6130
05:50:03,300 --> 05:50:06,000
the weight of them. 
The feeling of satisfaction 

6131
05:50:06,000 --> 05:50:09,600
tomorrow exists. 
Only as a vague continuation of 

6132
05:50:09,600 --> 05:50:12,600
the pattern, you'll wake up, 
you'll be hungry, you'll find 

6133
05:50:12,600 --> 05:50:17,000
food and the cycle will repeat. 
Tonight, you find yourself 

6134
05:50:17,000 --> 05:50:19,200
thinking about time in a way you
rarely. 

6135
05:50:19,200 --> 05:50:22,900
Do you remember when you are 
small remembering specific 

6136
05:50:22,900 --> 05:50:25,100
moments with a Clarity that 
surprises? 

6137
05:50:25,100 --> 05:50:28,800
You, you remember falling into a
stream and the shock of cold 

6138
05:50:28,800 --> 05:50:31,200
water. 
You remember the first time you 

6139
05:50:31,200 --> 05:50:33,400
successfully started a fire by 
yourself? 

6140
05:50:33,400 --> 05:50:37,700
You remember, when the old woman
died, how a body became still 

6141
05:50:37,700 --> 05:50:41,700
and how everyone was quiet? 
These memories have no dates 

6142
05:50:41,700 --> 05:50:43,500
attached to them, know three 
years ago? 

6143
05:50:43,500 --> 05:50:48,700
Or when I was seven, they exist 
in a Lucy sequence before after 

6144
05:50:48,700 --> 05:50:53,000
long before. 
And recently, Some memories of 

6145
05:50:53,000 --> 05:50:55,500
vivid almost like experiencing 
them again. 

6146
05:50:55,500 --> 05:50:59,500
Others are faded like, looking 
at something through smoke, you 

6147
05:50:59,500 --> 05:51:02,400
don't know that memory works 
this way for everyone that the 

6148
05:51:02,400 --> 05:51:06,000
brain naturally, prioritizes 
emotional moments, over routine 

6149
05:51:06,000 --> 05:51:08,000
ones. 
You just know that something 

6150
05:51:08,000 --> 05:51:11,300
stick and others. 
Don't you drift in that space 

6151
05:51:11,300 --> 05:51:15,000
between waking and sleeping and 
your mind touches on the rhythm 

6152
05:51:15,000 --> 05:51:19,200
of Seasons, you've lived through
enough warm times and cold times

6153
05:51:19,200 --> 05:51:22,100
to recognize the pattern, 
though, you couldn't say how 

6154
05:51:22,100 --> 05:51:25,900
many the warm season brings 
certain plants, certain animals,

6155
05:51:25,900 --> 05:51:29,800
and certain activities. 
Cold season brings scarcity. 

6156
05:51:29,800 --> 05:51:34,000
Huddling together relying on 
stored, food and winter, hunting

6157
05:51:34,000 --> 05:51:36,900
right now. 
You're in the transition time 

6158
05:51:36,900 --> 05:51:40,500
when warm is sliding toward 
cold, you know, this from the 

6159
05:51:40,500 --> 05:51:43,600
angle of the Sun, the 
temperature of mornings, and the

6160
05:51:43,600 --> 05:51:45,400
way certain birds of 
disappeared. 

6161
05:51:45,400 --> 05:51:48,800
While others have appeared, your
body knows it from the feeling 

6162
05:51:48,800 --> 05:51:51,800
in the air. 
A crispness, that means change 

6163
05:51:51,800 --> 05:51:54,800
in a few more cycles of the 
Moon, though, you don't count 

6164
05:51:54,800 --> 05:51:56,700
them. 
You'll need to move Camp to the 

6165
05:51:56,700 --> 05:51:59,500
winter location. 
It's a place more sheltered from

6166
05:51:59,500 --> 05:52:01,900
wind closer to a different set 
of resources. 

6167
05:52:01,900 --> 05:52:05,600
You've been to this Winterplace 
every cold season you can 

6168
05:52:05,600 --> 05:52:08,000
remember. 
You know exactly where the 

6169
05:52:08,008 --> 05:52:10,400
shelters will be built in the 
same spots. 

6170
05:52:10,400 --> 05:52:13,700
They're always built. 
Using the same techniques that 

6171
05:52:13,700 --> 05:52:17,000
have always worked. 
The knowledge of when to move 

6172
05:52:17,000 --> 05:52:20,100
isn't written in a calendar. 
It's written in the world 

6173
05:52:20,100 --> 05:52:23,700
itself. 
When the specific plant near 

6174
05:52:23,700 --> 05:52:27,400
Camp turns red, when the 
specific animal begins, its 

6175
05:52:27,400 --> 05:52:32,200
migration, when the specific 
quality of light appears, these 

6176
05:52:32,200 --> 05:52:34,900
are the markers. 
You read the world, the way 

6177
05:52:34,900 --> 05:52:38,400
future humans will read clocks 
But you're reading is deeper 

6178
05:52:38,400 --> 05:52:42,300
more multi-sensory and more 
connected to the actual turning 

6179
05:52:42,300 --> 05:52:44,300
of the planet. 
You think about the winter 

6180
05:52:44,300 --> 05:52:47,900
shelter about the extra hides 
you'll need and about the stores

6181
05:52:47,900 --> 05:52:51,900
of seeds and dried meat. this 
thinking isn't worried exactly, 

6182
05:52:51,900 --> 05:52:55,500
its more like acknowledging what
needs to happen and trusting 

6183
05:52:55,500 --> 05:52:58,900
that it will happen because it 
always has Your band has 

6184
05:52:58,900 --> 05:53:02,500
survived every winter for. 
As long as anyone knows you'll 

6185
05:53:02,500 --> 05:53:05,300
survive this one too, by doing 
what you've always done. 

6186
05:53:05,300 --> 05:53:12,400
You sleep, and wake and sleep. 
At some point deep in the night,

6187
05:53:12,400 --> 05:53:15,200
you get up to urinate outside 
the shelter. 

6188
05:53:16,300 --> 05:53:19,700
Stars are overwhelming more 
stars than future. 

6189
05:53:19,700 --> 05:53:23,100
Humans will ever see through 
their light polluted Skies, you 

6190
05:53:23,100 --> 05:53:24,600
don't know what stars are not 
really. 

6191
05:53:24,600 --> 05:53:28,200
They're lights in the sky 
constant and mysterious. 

6192
05:53:28,200 --> 05:53:31,200
Some people think they are 
fires, others. 

6193
05:53:31,200 --> 05:53:32,400
Think their holes in the 
darkness. 

6194
05:53:32,400 --> 05:53:34,500
You've never thought about it 
much. 

6195
05:53:34,500 --> 05:53:38,000
They're just there as much a 
part of the night as breathing. 

6196
05:53:38,700 --> 05:53:41,400
When you wake properly, it's to 
bird song and the gray light of 

6197
05:53:41,400 --> 05:53:44,600
dawn another day. 
You feel it in your body. 

6198
05:53:44,600 --> 05:53:48,300
The slight stiffness, the hunger
already, beginning, the 

6199
05:53:48,300 --> 05:53:52,000
Readiness to move someone is 
already up rekindling the fire. 

6200
05:53:52,900 --> 05:53:55,900
Smoke Rises and spreads carrying
its familiar scent. 

6201
05:53:56,800 --> 05:53:58,700
You emerge from the shelter into
are. 

6202
05:53:58,700 --> 05:54:00,300
That's cold enough to see your 
breath. 

6203
05:54:00,300 --> 05:54:04,500
The world is the same as it was 
yesterday, the same Hills, the 

6204
05:54:04,500 --> 05:54:08,900
same trees, the same sky. 
This same name is comforting in 

6205
05:54:08,900 --> 05:54:12,200
ways you don't think about. 
You exist in a world that 

6206
05:54:12,200 --> 05:54:15,400
changes with Seasons, but 
doesn't fundamentally transform.

6207
05:54:15,400 --> 05:54:18,600
There's no progress. 
No, innovation that will 

6208
05:54:18,608 --> 05:54:22,200
revolutionize daily life and no 
sense that the future will be 

6209
05:54:22,200 --> 05:54:26,700
different from the present. 
And yet, there is change your 

6210
05:54:26,700 --> 05:54:28,800
older than you were children are
growing. 

6211
05:54:28,800 --> 05:54:32,500
The old man who tells stories is
moving more slowly than he did. 

6212
05:54:33,200 --> 05:54:37,600
New babies appear, people, die, 
the band shrinks and grows 

6213
05:54:37,600 --> 05:54:41,900
knowledge, accumulates in tiny 
increments someone figures out a

6214
05:54:41,900 --> 05:54:43,600
better way to attach a stone to 
a handle. 

6215
05:54:43,600 --> 05:54:47,700
Someone discovers a new edible 
plant, and someone notices a 

6216
05:54:47,700 --> 05:54:51,300
pattern in animal behavior. 
These changes are so gradual. 

6217
05:54:51,300 --> 05:54:54,400
So subtle that they feel like no
change at all. 

6218
05:54:54,400 --> 05:54:58,500
But over Generations over 100s 
and thousands of generations 

6219
05:54:58,500 --> 05:55:02,300
they add up to something, your 
descendants will be so different

6220
05:55:02,300 --> 05:55:04,600
from you that they'll barely 
recognize what you are. 

6221
05:55:04,600 --> 05:55:09,400
But you'll never know that you 
exist in this moment in this 

6222
05:55:09,400 --> 05:55:14,300
morning in this life The day 
unfolds, like days, always 

6223
05:55:14,300 --> 05:55:17,300
unfold. 
There's food to gather water to 

6224
05:55:17,300 --> 05:55:20,300
fetch and maintenance to perform
on shelters and tools. 

6225
05:55:21,200 --> 05:55:23,200
Child comes to you with a cut on
their hand. 

6226
05:55:23,200 --> 05:55:26,600
A new certain leaves into a pulp
and press it against the wound. 

6227
05:55:26,600 --> 05:55:29,500
This is medicine though. 
You don't call it that. 

6228
05:55:30,200 --> 05:55:33,100
You know, these leaves help you 
don't know about infection or 

6229
05:55:33,100 --> 05:55:37,100
antiseptic properties. 
You just know this Leaf, this 

6230
05:55:37,100 --> 05:55:41,500
kind of wound, it helps. 
Two people go off to check 

6231
05:55:41,500 --> 05:55:44,600
fishing traps in the Stream. 
Others work on processing. 

6232
05:55:44,600 --> 05:55:47,900
The seeds from yesterday. 
He take up a partially finished 

6233
05:55:47,900 --> 05:55:51,500
basket and continue weaving your
hands, remembering the pattern 

6234
05:55:51,500 --> 05:55:55,200
without conscious thought. 
The basket grows slowly strand 

6235
05:55:55,200 --> 05:55:58,300
by strand. 
It will take days to finish and 

6236
05:55:58,300 --> 05:56:00,700
then you'll use it for years 
until it wears out. 

6237
05:56:00,700 --> 05:56:03,900
There's a particular 
satisfaction to this work that 

6238
05:56:03,900 --> 05:56:06,600
your descendants will often miss
in their efficiently. 

6239
05:56:06,600 --> 05:56:09,500
Manufactured World. 
Each object, you make carries 

6240
05:56:09,500 --> 05:56:12,400
your time, your attention and 
your hands. 

6241
05:56:12,400 --> 05:56:16,200
You know exactly how this basket
came into being because you were

6242
05:56:16,200 --> 05:56:18,000
there for every moment of its 
creation. 

6243
05:56:18,000 --> 05:56:20,800
It's yours in a way that 
transcends ownership. 

6244
05:56:20,800 --> 05:56:23,900
It's an extension of your skill 
and patience. 

6245
05:56:24,600 --> 05:56:27,800
Midday brings a brief 
excitement, someone spots a 

6246
05:56:27,800 --> 05:56:30,900
group of deer in the distance. 
There's quick consultation 

6247
05:56:30,900 --> 05:56:34,500
through glances and gestures. 
The decision is made to attempt 

6248
05:56:34,500 --> 05:56:36,700
to hunt. 
You're not part of the hunting 

6249
05:56:36,700 --> 05:56:40,000
group today, others are better 
positioned and more rested. 

6250
05:56:40,000 --> 05:56:44,800
You watch them prepare checking 
their Spears spreading dirt, on 

6251
05:56:44,800 --> 05:56:48,300
their skin to reduce scent and 
moving with that particular 

6252
05:56:48,300 --> 05:56:52,800
focused, intensity that hunting 
requires They disappear into the

6253
05:56:52,800 --> 05:56:57,100
landscape and you return to your
basket, the outcome of the Hunt 

6254
05:56:57,100 --> 05:57:00,700
is unknowable, it might succeed,
bringing meat and celebration. 

6255
05:57:00,700 --> 05:57:03,800
It might fail, bringing nothing 
but tired Hunters. 

6256
05:57:04,800 --> 05:57:08,600
Both outcomes are familiar, you 
don't hope for success or fear 

6257
05:57:08,600 --> 05:57:10,600
failure. 
You simply wait to see what 

6258
05:57:10,600 --> 05:57:13,800
happens the way you. 
Wait to see if rain will come or

6259
05:57:13,800 --> 05:57:16,700
if the sun will shine, the 
afternoon is warm enough. 

6260
05:57:16,700 --> 05:57:19,500
That you shed, your outer hide 
covering your skin. 

6261
05:57:19,500 --> 05:57:23,800
Is weathered from constant 
exposure to Sun and wind darker 

6262
05:57:23,800 --> 05:57:27,100
than it was when you were young 
and marked with small scars from

6263
05:57:27,100 --> 05:57:30,700
a lifetime of close contact with
thorns and stones and tools. 

6264
05:57:30,700 --> 05:57:34,400
Each scar has a story though. 
You don't think about the much. 

6265
05:57:35,200 --> 05:57:37,500
They're just the map of your 
life written on your body. 

6266
05:57:38,800 --> 05:57:40,700
A young woman approaches you 
with a stone. 

6267
05:57:40,700 --> 05:57:43,800
She wants to Fashion into a 
tool, you examine it. 

6268
05:57:43,800 --> 05:57:46,500
Turning it in your hands. 
Feeling its weight and texture. 

6269
05:57:47,700 --> 05:57:51,000
You can see the possibility 
inside it, the sharp edge that 

6270
05:57:51,000 --> 05:57:52,700
will emerge if you strike it 
correctly. 

6271
05:57:53,600 --> 05:57:57,100
This knowledge is hard to 
explain, it's partly visual, 

6272
05:57:57,100 --> 05:57:59,900
partly tactile and partly 
something else entirely. 

6273
05:58:00,900 --> 05:58:03,600
You've shaped so many stones 
that your hands know what to do.

6274
05:58:03,600 --> 05:58:07,300
You demonstrate striking with 
another stone at just the right 

6275
05:58:07,300 --> 05:58:10,300
angle. 
A flake splits off leaving a 

6276
05:58:10,300 --> 05:58:13,900
fresh Edge. 
The young woman, tries a strike 

6277
05:58:13,900 --> 05:58:15,400
is too timid and nothing 
happens. 

6278
05:58:15,400 --> 05:58:18,300
You adjust a grip and show her 
the motion again. 

6279
05:58:18,300 --> 05:58:21,800
She tries again. 
This time a flake comes off, 

6280
05:58:21,800 --> 05:58:23,800
though. 
It is not quite the right size, 

6281
05:58:23,800 --> 05:58:26,700
you nod. 
She's learning this teaching 

6282
05:58:26,700 --> 05:58:29,500
happens constantly woven into 
every day. 

6283
05:58:30,300 --> 05:58:33,600
Knowledge flows from experience 
to inexperience through 

6284
05:58:33,600 --> 05:58:37,800
demonstration and practice. 
There are no tests no grades and

6285
05:58:37,800 --> 05:58:41,400
no measurements of competence. 
Your competent when you can do 

6286
05:58:41,400 --> 05:58:43,400
the things successfully enough 
to survive. 

6287
05:58:43,400 --> 05:58:46,600
Everything else is just 
variation in skill. 

6288
05:58:46,600 --> 05:58:49,600
The hunters return as the sun is
lowering. 

6289
05:58:49,600 --> 05:58:53,500
They have meat, not a full dear 
but a young grandmother they 

6290
05:58:53,500 --> 05:58:56,800
managed to separate from the 
group Everyone gathers to help 

6291
05:58:56,800 --> 05:59:00,600
with the processing, this is 
skilled work. knowing where to 

6292
05:59:00,600 --> 05:59:04,400
cut, how to remove the hide, 
without damaging it, which parts

6293
05:59:04,400 --> 05:59:09,000
to eat first and what to save, 
Every bit is used because waste 

6294
05:59:09,000 --> 05:59:11,900
is Unthinkable. 
The hide will become clothing or

6295
05:59:11,900 --> 05:59:15,000
shelter, covering the sinews 
will become cord. 

6296
05:59:15,000 --> 05:59:18,900
The bones will become tools. 
Even the stomach will be used as

6297
05:59:18,900 --> 05:59:21,400
water. 
Container the successful hunt 

6298
05:59:21,400 --> 05:59:24,000
means a feast tonight though. 
You don't call it that. 

6299
05:59:24,800 --> 05:59:28,100
You just have meat to cook and 
eat and everyone is pleased. 

6300
05:59:28,100 --> 05:59:32,100
The fire is built higher and 
chunks of meter placed on Stones

6301
05:59:32,100 --> 05:59:36,500
near the Flames to cook. 
Smell is intoxicating, rich, and

6302
05:59:36,500 --> 05:59:38,900
savory, and satisfying. 
In a primal way. 

6303
05:59:39,700 --> 05:59:42,100
You sit near the fire waiting 
for the meat to cook. 

6304
05:59:43,000 --> 05:59:45,400
It feels good on your face 
around. 

6305
05:59:45,400 --> 05:59:47,500
You. 
Others are all so waiting, and 

6306
05:59:47,500 --> 05:59:49,000
there's an anticipation in the 
air. 

6307
05:59:49,000 --> 05:59:50,600
That's different from normal 
evenings. 

6308
05:59:51,500 --> 05:59:54,300
Meat doesn't come every day when
it does. 

6309
05:59:54,300 --> 05:59:57,500
It's special though you'd never 
articulate it that way. 

6310
05:59:57,500 --> 06:00:01,200
When the meat is ready. 
Everyone eats there's no ritual 

6311
06:00:01,200 --> 06:00:04,000
of gratitude no blessing of the 
food and no formal 

6312
06:00:04,000 --> 06:00:07,300
acknowledgment of the animal 
that died those Concepts will 

6313
06:00:07,300 --> 06:00:09,800
come later. 
Right now, there's just eating 

6314
06:00:09,800 --> 06:00:13,600
and the satisfaction of full 
bellies and the grease on your 

6315
06:00:13,600 --> 06:00:17,700
fingers that you lick clean. 
The children eat until they're 

6316
06:00:17,700 --> 06:00:20,800
drowsy, and curl up near the 
fire adults. 

6317
06:00:20,800 --> 06:00:23,300
Can continue eating more slowly 
savoring. 

6318
06:00:23,300 --> 06:00:26,600
The abundance. 
Someone makes a joke, a gesture.

6319
06:00:26,600 --> 06:00:28,600
And a sound that refers to the 
time. 

6320
06:00:28,600 --> 06:00:31,100
One of the hunters, tripped and 
fell during a Pursuit. 

6321
06:00:32,000 --> 06:00:34,800
Everyone laughs, having seen or 
heard about the incident. 

6322
06:00:35,600 --> 06:00:37,800
The hunter who fell laughs too, 
unbothered. 

6323
06:00:38,600 --> 06:00:41,000
Mistakes happen. 
Life continues. 

6324
06:00:41,900 --> 06:00:45,200
As the meal wines down the 
storytelling begins again. 

6325
06:00:45,200 --> 06:00:49,100
Tonight the successful hunt 
becomes part of the narrative. 

6326
06:00:49,100 --> 06:00:52,700
The person telling it emphasizes
different details than what 

6327
06:00:52,700 --> 06:00:56,100
actually happened, making it 
more dramatic and more coherent.

6328
06:00:56,900 --> 06:01:01,700
This is how all stories evolve 
shaped by repetition by what 

6329
06:01:01,700 --> 06:01:04,500
makes a good narrative and by 
what lessons need to be 

6330
06:01:04,500 --> 06:01:09,200
reinforced, you, listen, full 
and warm feeling the 

6331
06:01:09,200 --> 06:01:12,200
satisfaction of a good day. 
The meat in your stomach, the 

6332
06:01:12,200 --> 06:01:14,400
fires heat, the voices of your 
band. 

6333
06:01:14,400 --> 06:01:16,900
These are the simple elements of
contentment. 

6334
06:01:16,900 --> 06:01:19,600
You don't think about happiness 
as a concept. 

6335
06:01:19,600 --> 06:01:23,200
You just feel it in your body in
the moment. 

6336
06:01:24,200 --> 06:01:27,600
Later when the fire is burned, 
lower and several people have 

6337
06:01:27,600 --> 06:01:29,900
already gone to sleep. 
You find yourself in 

6338
06:01:29,900 --> 06:01:31,400
conversation with an older 
woman. 

6339
06:01:31,400 --> 06:01:35,800
Conversation is perhaps too 
strong a word, you're exchanging

6340
06:01:35,800 --> 06:01:39,400
sounds and gestures 
communicating in The Limited way

6341
06:01:39,400 --> 06:01:42,400
of available to you. 
But there's meaning passing 

6342
06:01:42,400 --> 06:01:45,900
between you understood. 
If not fully articulated. 

6343
06:01:45,900 --> 06:01:49,300
She's remembering someone who 
died long ago before you were 

6344
06:01:49,300 --> 06:01:51,500
born. 
She creates an image with her 

6345
06:01:51,500 --> 06:01:55,600
hands and face, someone who was 
very tall who laughed in a 

6346
06:01:55,600 --> 06:01:57,900
particular way, who was killed 
at finding water. 

6347
06:01:57,900 --> 06:02:01,100
You understand? 
She sharing a memory, keeping 

6348
06:02:01,100 --> 06:02:04,500
someone alive in the only way 
possible through remembering and

6349
06:02:04,500 --> 06:02:07,400
telling this is how your people 
deal with death. 

6350
06:02:07,400 --> 06:02:10,400
There are no Grave's marked with
names and dates. 

6351
06:02:10,400 --> 06:02:15,000
No, written records. 
And no photographs the Dead live

6352
06:02:15,000 --> 06:02:17,500
on only in memory. 
And when the last person who 

6353
06:02:17,500 --> 06:02:21,300
remembers them dies, they 
Disappear Completely This seems 

6354
06:02:21,300 --> 06:02:24,300
natural to you. 
You don't mourn the absolute 

6355
06:02:24,300 --> 06:02:26,600
loss of memory because you don't
know that memory could be 

6356
06:02:26,608 --> 06:02:30,300
preserved any other way. 
The woman's eyes are distancing,

6357
06:02:30,300 --> 06:02:33,600
something you can't see. 
She makes a sound that conveys 

6358
06:02:33,600 --> 06:02:37,800
sadness, but also acceptance 
death is part of life, the way 

6359
06:02:37,808 --> 06:02:41,300
seasons are part of time. 
It comes to everyone and there's

6360
06:02:41,300 --> 06:02:43,600
no fighting it only 
acknowledging it. 

6361
06:02:43,600 --> 06:02:46,900
You think about the old woman 
who died, several cold seasons 

6362
06:02:46,900 --> 06:02:48,800
ago? 
The one who taught you to gather

6363
06:02:48,800 --> 06:02:52,500
seeds, you can still see her 
hands and still hear the humming

6364
06:02:52,500 --> 06:02:55,500
sound she made. 
As long as you're alive, she's 

6365
06:02:55,500 --> 06:02:59,500
not entirely gone, but someday 
you'll die and then her memory 

6366
06:02:59,500 --> 06:03:01,100
will die too. 
Unless you've passed it to 

6367
06:03:01,100 --> 06:03:03,900
someone younger this thought 
doesn't frighten you. 

6368
06:03:03,900 --> 06:03:06,800
It's just how things work you 
sleep. 

6369
06:03:06,800 --> 06:03:10,600
Again deeply this time your 
belly full and your body tired 

6370
06:03:10,600 --> 06:03:12,900
in the satisfying way that comes
from good work. 

6371
06:03:14,100 --> 06:03:16,100
When you wake, it's to another 
morning. 

6372
06:03:16,100 --> 06:03:19,900
Another day. 
The sun rises, the birds sing 

6373
06:03:19,900 --> 06:03:23,500
and the world continues. 
Its ancient pattern you'll 

6374
06:03:23,500 --> 06:03:26,500
gather food today or work on 
tools or help with shelter 

6375
06:03:26,500 --> 06:03:29,300
maintenance. 
The specifics will vary slightly

6376
06:03:29,300 --> 06:03:33,200
from yesterday but the essential
Rhythm will be the same and 

6377
06:03:33,200 --> 06:03:36,500
tomorrow will be like today. 
And the day after will be like 

6378
06:03:36,500 --> 06:03:40,300
tomorrow stretching forward in 
an endless procession of similar

6379
06:03:40,300 --> 06:03:44,000
days. 
Except that nothing is truly 

6380
06:03:44,000 --> 06:03:47,700
endless. 
Someday though, you'll never 

6381
06:03:47,700 --> 06:03:50,500
know this. 
Your descendants will invent 

6382
06:03:50,500 --> 06:03:52,600
writing. 
He'll start recording their 

6383
06:03:52,600 --> 06:03:55,000
memories in marks that can 
Outlast human life. 

6384
06:03:55,000 --> 06:04:00,000
They'll begin to count years to 
Mark time and to build calendars

6385
06:04:00,000 --> 06:04:02,200
and clocks. 
They'll name the days and 

6386
06:04:02,200 --> 06:04:05,700
measure the hours imposing human
structure on the natural flow of

6387
06:04:05,700 --> 06:04:07,700
time. 
They'll look back at you and 

6388
06:04:07,700 --> 06:04:11,600
call this prehistory as if your 
life was somehow less real than 

6389
06:04:11,600 --> 06:04:15,600
theirs, but sitting here feeling
the morning, sun on your skin 

6390
06:04:15,600 --> 06:04:19,200
and knowing that today you need 
to check the fishing traps and 

6391
06:04:19,200 --> 06:04:22,200
later, you'll work on repairing 
a tear in the shelter covering 

6392
06:04:22,200 --> 06:04:26,400
your life feels completely real.
It's the only life, you know, 

6393
06:04:26,400 --> 06:04:30,600
the only life there is you stand
and stretch feeling your body, 

6394
06:04:30,600 --> 06:04:33,700
wake up. 
Another person is already up. 

6395
06:04:33,700 --> 06:04:35,900
Rekindling the fire from last 
night's Embers. 

6396
06:04:36,700 --> 06:04:39,700
You join them sitting close to 
the growing warmth. 

6397
06:04:39,700 --> 06:04:43,700
No words are exchanged. 
None are needed. 

6398
06:04:44,600 --> 06:04:48,300
You both know what the day 
requires, what work awaits and 

6399
06:04:48,300 --> 06:04:52,500
what tasks need attention. 
As the days continue to flow, 

6400
06:04:52,500 --> 06:04:55,900
one into another, you begin to 
notice the signs of changing 

6401
06:04:55,900 --> 06:04:58,300
seasons. 
Growing stronger, the mornings 

6402
06:04:58,300 --> 06:05:00,700
are colder. 
The leaves are turning colors. 

6403
06:05:01,600 --> 06:05:05,300
The birds that sang through the 
warm season are leaving replaced

6404
06:05:05,300 --> 06:05:08,800
by different birds with 
different calls soon, it will be

6405
06:05:08,800 --> 06:05:12,100
time to move to the Winter Camp.
You've done this movement so 

6406
06:05:12,100 --> 06:05:14,700
many times, it's automatic but 
they're still preparation 

6407
06:05:14,700 --> 06:05:17,400
required. 
Shelters need to be dismantled 

6408
06:05:17,400 --> 06:05:20,600
or left to Decay tools and 
stored, food need to be 

6409
06:05:20,600 --> 06:05:23,900
transported, the journey itself,
needs to happen on the right 

6410
06:05:23,900 --> 06:05:27,600
day, not too early. 
Well, the warm Seasons resources

6411
06:05:27,600 --> 06:05:31,300
are still available but not too 
late before the cold becomes 

6412
06:05:31,300 --> 06:05:34,400
dangerous. 
No one announces the decision to

6413
06:05:34,408 --> 06:05:36,700
move. 
It emerges from Collective, 

6414
06:05:36,700 --> 06:05:38,800
understanding from reading the 
same signs. 

6415
06:05:38,800 --> 06:05:41,700
And from knowing that when 
certain conditions align its 

6416
06:05:41,700 --> 06:05:44,700
time, One more morning, people 
simply begin packing. 

6417
06:05:44,700 --> 06:05:47,400
And that's how you know, today 
is the day. 

6418
06:05:47,400 --> 06:05:51,200
You fold up the hides from your 
shelter, roll up your sleeping 

6419
06:05:51,200 --> 06:05:54,900
materials and gather your few 
possessions into bundles, that 

6420
06:05:54,900 --> 06:05:57,900
can be carried. 
The work is practiced and 

6421
06:05:57,900 --> 06:06:01,400
efficient, everything you own as
portable, because everything 

6422
06:06:01,400 --> 06:06:04,700
must be carried, there's no 
accumulation of objects. 

6423
06:06:04,700 --> 06:06:09,400
No storage of unnecessary items.
Life is light by necessity. 

6424
06:06:10,900 --> 06:06:14,100
The band begins walking in the 
early afternoon, moving through 

6425
06:06:14,100 --> 06:06:18,000
a landscape, you know, by heart.
Children are excited by the 

6426
06:06:18,000 --> 06:06:20,500
change, running ahead and then 
circling back. 

6427
06:06:21,300 --> 06:06:24,900
The adults move steadily 
conserving, energy carrying 

6428
06:06:24,900 --> 06:06:28,800
loads, you walk in the middle of
the group, your bundle balanced,

6429
06:06:28,800 --> 06:06:31,300
on your back held by a strap 
across your forehead. 

6430
06:06:31,300 --> 06:06:34,800
The journey takes you through 
different terrain across a 

6431
06:06:34,800 --> 06:06:38,700
stream through a stretch of 
forest over Hills, you know, 

6432
06:06:38,708 --> 06:06:43,500
every Landmark, every turn This 
path has been walked by your 

6433
06:06:43,500 --> 06:06:47,000
people for Generations, Beyond 
counting your feet, press into 

6434
06:06:47,000 --> 06:06:49,000
the same Earth. 
Your ancestors pressed into 

6435
06:06:49,000 --> 06:06:51,900
following the same route for the
same reasons. 

6436
06:06:52,700 --> 06:06:54,700
By evening, you reach the Winter
Camp location. 

6437
06:06:54,700 --> 06:06:58,800
It's exactly as you remembered 
sheltered by Hills. 

6438
06:06:58,800 --> 06:07:02,600
Near reliable water and position
to catch whatever winter sun, 

6439
06:07:02,600 --> 06:07:06,400
manages to penetrate the clouds.
The remnants of last year's 

6440
06:07:06,400 --> 06:07:09,900
shelters are still here whether 
and partially collapsed, but 

6441
06:07:09,900 --> 06:07:13,900
providing a foundation to build 
upon Everyone sets to work 

6442
06:07:13,900 --> 06:07:16,200
immediately. 
Using the remaining daylight, 

6443
06:07:16,200 --> 06:07:20,200
you cut, fresh branches, 
reinforce old structures and 

6444
06:07:20,200 --> 06:07:24,000
clear space for new shelters. 
The work is hard, but familiar. 

6445
06:07:24,800 --> 06:07:28,000
Your body knows what to do. 
Your hands moving through tasks,

6446
06:07:28,000 --> 06:07:29,600
they performed many times 
before. 

6447
06:07:29,600 --> 06:07:32,600
As Darkness Falls, the new Fire 
is lit. 

6448
06:07:32,600 --> 06:07:35,800
In the winter camps, fire pit. 
It Feels Like Coming Home. 

6449
06:07:35,800 --> 06:07:39,800
Even though you've been home, 
wherever your band has been This

6450
06:07:39,800 --> 06:07:43,000
is the winter home and it has 
its own feeling, its own 

6451
06:07:43,000 --> 06:07:46,000
associations. 
You've survived many cold 

6452
06:07:46,000 --> 06:07:48,400
Seasons here. 
You'll survive another one. 

6453
06:07:50,000 --> 06:07:54,000
Fire crackles sending Sparks up 
into the dark sky around. 

6454
06:07:54,000 --> 06:07:57,700
You people are settling in, 
arranging their sleeping spaces 

6455
06:07:57,700 --> 06:07:59,800
and checking that everything is 
secure. 

6456
06:07:59,800 --> 06:08:02,400
The first night in the winter 
camp is always a little 

6457
06:08:02,408 --> 06:08:05,400
unsettled with everyone 
adjusting to the new location. 

6458
06:08:05,400 --> 06:08:07,600
But by tomorrow, it will feel 
normal. 

6459
06:08:08,400 --> 06:08:11,400
You sit by the fire and eat some
dried meat left over from the 

6460
06:08:11,400 --> 06:08:13,800
recent hunt. 
The stars are visible through 

6461
06:08:13,800 --> 06:08:17,000
gaps in the clouds. 
Those mysterious lights that 

6462
06:08:17,000 --> 06:08:19,900
watch over the world. 
You want to briefly what they 

6463
06:08:19,900 --> 06:08:24,500
are, then let the wandering go. 
Some things are unknowable and 

6464
06:08:24,500 --> 06:08:28,100
that's acceptable tomorrow. 
You'll begin the winter routine.

6465
06:08:28,100 --> 06:08:31,100
Checking the different food 
sources available in this area. 

6466
06:08:31,100 --> 06:08:34,700
Maintaining the shelter's 
against cold and snow and 

6467
06:08:34,700 --> 06:08:36,700
staying alive through the scarce
season. 

6468
06:08:36,700 --> 06:08:39,600
You've done it before, you'll do
it again. 

6469
06:08:39,600 --> 06:08:42,700
And if you survive this winter, 
the warm season will come back 

6470
06:08:42,700 --> 06:08:47,600
as it all was does and the cycle
will continue. this is your life

6471
06:08:47,600 --> 06:08:51,400
Gathering, and eating working 
and sleeping moving through 

6472
06:08:51,400 --> 06:08:56,000
Seasons surviving It's not a 
life that will be remembered 

6473
06:08:56,000 --> 06:08:59,600
your name, such as it is a 
sound. 

6474
06:08:59,600 --> 06:09:02,300
People make to get your 
attention will be forgotten 

6475
06:09:02,300 --> 06:09:04,400
within a generation or two of 
your death. 

6476
06:09:05,000 --> 06:09:07,800
Nothing. 
You do will be recorded no one 

6477
06:09:07,800 --> 06:09:10,600
in the distant. 
Future will know you existed but

6478
06:09:10,600 --> 06:09:14,300
right now sitting by this fire 
feeling the heat on your face 

6479
06:09:14,300 --> 06:09:18,800
and the cold at your back. 
You exist, completely You're 

6480
06:09:18,800 --> 06:09:21,400
alive in ways that your 
descendants with all their 

6481
06:09:21,400 --> 06:09:25,600
technology and complexity will 
struggle to understand you are 

6482
06:09:25,600 --> 06:09:27,900
present in your body can 
connected to your environment 

6483
06:09:27,900 --> 06:09:32,100
embedded in your community and 
living each moment as it comes. 

6484
06:09:32,100 --> 06:09:35,000
This is life before history 
began. 

6485
06:09:35,000 --> 06:09:39,400
This is human existence in its 
oldest simplest and most 

6486
06:09:39,400 --> 06:09:43,800
enduring form and in the great 
sweep of time in the millions of

6487
06:09:43,808 --> 06:09:47,200
years of human evolution. 
This is how most humans have 

6488
06:09:47,200 --> 06:09:50,400
lived, most of their lives. 
Not making history. 

6489
06:09:51,500 --> 06:09:56,900
Simply living day by day, season
by season, in the endless 

6490
06:09:56,900 --> 06:10:02,000
present that defines existence 
itself, a fire burns down to 

6491
06:10:02,000 --> 06:10:07,100
Embers, the Stars wheel 
overhead, you sleep and wake and

6492
06:10:07,100 --> 06:10:09,900
sleep again. 
And in the morning you'll rise 

6493
06:10:09,900 --> 06:10:13,700
to face another day, another 
gathering of food and another 

6494
06:10:13,700 --> 06:10:17,000
continuation of the pattern. 
Because this is what it means to

6495
06:10:17,000 --> 06:10:19,700
be human before. 
Anyone knew to call it anything 

6496
06:10:19,700 --> 06:10:20,000
at all,