A Complete History of British Coinage | Boring History

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Hey there, you brave. 
Soul. 

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Who decided? 
One More Story was a good idea. 

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I'm glad you made it here 
tonight. 

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With the fire giving off, that 
slow steady warmth. 

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It feels like the kind of 
evening where even time itself 

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is willing to sit down. 
Tonight we're easing into the 

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complete history of British 
coinage. 

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A quiet journey through small 
objects that pass through. 

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Countless hands pockets, and 
moments of Every Day, Life. 

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If this calm storytelling helps,
you unwind. 

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Feel free to follow or leave a 
like and tell me where you're 

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listening in from, and what time
it is for you. 

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Now, draw a little closer to the
warmth, turn on a fan for some 

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noise, slow your breathing and 
lets begin. 

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Close your eyes and imagine 
holding a worn copper coin 

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between your fingers. 
Its surface smooth from 10,000 

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hands before yours, its edges, 
softened by centuries of pockets

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and purses. 
Tonight, you're going to trace 

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the remarkable story of British 
money from ancient bartering 

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beaches to the precise machines,
that stamp modern current 

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currency. 
Discovering how the small metal 

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Circles of witnessed, every 
Triumph and tragedy of the 

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British Isles. 
Let's begin where all stories of

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exchange must start. 
With people who needed to trade 

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but hadn't yet invented the 
coin. 

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You're standing on a Windswept 
hillsides, around 800 BCE. 

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The grass ripples like water in 
the breeze and you can smell the

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salt from the sea, mixing with 
the earthy Center of livestock 

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nearby. 
In your hands. 

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You hold something curious a 
bronze axe head. 

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Perfectly formed but never meant
to chop wood. 

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It's too thin and too decorative
and there's a little ring at the

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top for stringing it. 
On a chord with others, just 

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like it. 
This ax head is money though. 

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Nobody, here would use that 
word. 

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You're about to trade it for 
three sheep and the farmer 

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examining. 
It runs his thumb along the 

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edge, with the practice are of 
someone whose handled hundreds 

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of these before. 
He knows its weight, the copper 

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content and that he can trade. 
It onward for grain salt or 

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whatever else is family needs. 
The transaction happens with out

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coins without paper without 
anything. 

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We'd recognize as official 
currency just two people 

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agreeing that this shape piece 
of bronze represents value. 

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A cross Britain different 
communities favor different 

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objects for trade. 
In some coastal areas people 

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prefer to exchange strings of 
beads made from polished shell. 

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Each one representing a fixed 
amount of value that everyone 

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seems to understand through some
unspoken agreement. 

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The beads click together 
pleasantly when you gather them 

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up, And they catch the Light in 
ways that make even practical 

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transactions. 
Feel slightly magical in other 

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regions. 
Particularly, where metalworking

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is taken, hold people use, 
small, iron bars called current 

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currency bars. 
Unglamorous things really about 

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the length of your forearm and 
shape like flats or Heavy enough

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to be inconvenient, which is 
perhaps the point. 

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Money shouldn't be too simple to
carry around the Celts who will 

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give Britain so much of its 
early character. 

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Have developed an intriguing 
relationship with valuable 

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objects. 
They sometimes use gold. 

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Torques those twisted neck 
rings. 

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You've seen in museums not 
primarily as jewelry, but as 

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portable wealth. 
A Chieftain might wear three 

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talks at once, not from vanity, 
but because that's where he 

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keeps his fortune. 
When he needs to pay someone, he

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simply removes one and hands it 
over. 

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The torch retains its value, 
whether it's around a neck or 

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sitting in a wooden chests. 
They're wearing wealth does have

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the advantage of making robbery 
slightly more difficult. 

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You walk through a Marketplace 
that exists only on certain days

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when families from miles around 
converge to traditional meeting 

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spot. 
There's no permanent structure 

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here. 
Just an open space where 

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everyone knows to gather a woman
offers you honeycomb, for some 

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woven cloth, you've brought and 
the transaction requires, no 

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weights, no standardized 
measurement, just her judgment 

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and yours about what seems fair.
The honey smells impossibly 

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sweet and bits of wax. 
Cling her fingers as she breaks 

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off a section. 
This is how trade works when 

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everyone knows everyone and 
reputation matters more than 

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receipts. 
But as communities grow larger 

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and trade routes extend beyond 
familiar, faces problems emerge.

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How do you value Goods? 
When trading with strangers, who

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don't share your local Customs? 
The bronze Axe, Heads Are 

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effective in certain regions, 
but if you travel 50 miles, 

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people may prefer iron bars 
request payment in livestock or 

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insist on salt assault preserves
while other Goods eventually 

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spoil. 
Some enterprising Traders start 

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carrying a bit of everything 
which makes them walking junk 

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yards of theoretical value. 
The real breakthrough though, it

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won't arrive for centuries. 
Yet will be finding something 

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small enough to carry easily. 
Valuable enough to matter 

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standardized enough to trust and
rare enough that just anyone 

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can't make more. 
Gold and silver fit, most of 

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these requirements. 
But only when shaped into 

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regular pieces that everyone 
agrees to accept That's still in

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the future though. 
For now you live in a world 

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where wealth has texture and 
weight, where you can run your 

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hands over your fortune and feel
every bit of it. 

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The evening settles in, with 
that particular quality of 

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light, you get in Britain when 
the sun, hangs low but fully 

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refuses to set. 
Someone nearby is cooking fish 

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over an open fire and the smoke 
drifts through the marketplace, 

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mixing with the smell of Earth 
and animals, and the indefinable

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center of a gathering of humans 
engaged in the Eternal activity 

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of swapping things they have for
things they want. 

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You tuck your new sheep wool 
under your arm, satisfied with 

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the days trading and head home 
as the stars. 

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Begin appearing, overhead. 
Those same stars that have 

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watched countless transactions 
like yours and we'll watch 

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countless more before coins 
finally arrived to complicate 

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everything. 
The Roman soldiers March into 

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Britain in 43 CE with more than 
just weapons and ambition, they 

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bring money. 
That actually looks like money. 

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You're watching from a safe 
distance as they make camp. 

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And even from here, you can hear
the clink of metal on metal, a 

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sound that will become the 
soundtrack of Commerce for the 

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next. 
Several centuries. 

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The coins in their purses are 
small standardized and stamped 

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with images that Proclaim Roman 
Authority in a way that bronze 

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Axe Heads never could Pick up 
one of these early Roman coins. 

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Go ahead. 
Imagine the weight of it in your

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palm. 
It's a sisters. 

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Yes, made of brass and his 
pleasantly substantial without 

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being burdensome. 
On one side, you see the 

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emperor's profile? 
His features rendered with 

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enough detail that you'd 
probably recognize him on the 

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street. 
Assuming you were ever going to 

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meet the emperor which you're 
not. 

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The other side shows something 
symbolic. 

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Maybe Britannia herself, 
personified, as a seated woman 

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or perhaps a military Victory, 
or one of the many gods, the 

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Roman seemed to determined to 
keep happy. 

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What makes these coins 
revolutionary isn't their 

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beauty, or even their 
convenience. 

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It's the promise they represent.
When you hold a Roman coin, 

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you're holding a piece of the 
Empire itself. 

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Something that will be accepted 
from Hadrian's Wall to the 

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markets of Rome. 
From the Muddy Trading Post of 

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Germania to the sun baked 
streets of Alexandria for the 

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first time in British history. 
Money has become truly portable 

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across vast distances, a 
merchant can travel from London 

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to Gaul with nothing but a purse
of coins. 

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Confident that The Wine Cellar 
and Gaul will accept the same 

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current see that bought grain in
Britain, The Romans organized, 

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their current sea with 
characteristic precision. 

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The basic unit is the owls, a 
copper coin. 

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That buys you simple things a 
loaf of bread, perhaps or entry 

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to the public bars. 
For ours is equal one sister 30s

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25 denarii equal one Oreo which 
is gold and their for quite 

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precious. 
The mathematics of it all takes 

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some getting used to. 
Specially for Britain's who have

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been managing perfectly well 
within formal bartering 

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Arrangements. 
Thank you very much for the 

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system works and more 
importantly it's scales. 

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You're in a shop in very lamium 
moderns and Albans on a day, 

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when winter rain has turned the 
streets to mud. 

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Inside oil, lamps cast, warm 
light on shelves, stocked with 

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goods from across the Empire 
Wine from Gaul olive oil from 

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Spain glassware, that catches 
the lamp light and throws it 

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around the room in Amber 
fragments. 

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The shopkeeper a Romano British 
man who's adopted Latin names 

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alongside his helicons handles 
coins with the easy confidence 

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of someone who's been using them
for years. 

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Stacks them in little piles as 
he counts the coins. 

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Clicking against the wooden 
counter with sounds that range 

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from the bright ring of fresh. 
Silly to the Duluth Funk of 

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warned bronze. 
Each coin tells a story if you 

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know how to read it. 
That Aureus commemorating a 

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military Victory wasn't minted 
to celebrate. 

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It was minted to pay the 
soldiers who won the battle, 

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then it circulated through the 
economy. 

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Moving from Perth to purse each 
transaction. 

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Another chapter in its Journey. 
Some coins. 

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Develop a petina that speaks of 
decades in circulation. 

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Others remain sharp and clear 
suggesting they've been hoarded 

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saved from the flow of Commerce 
for reasons. 

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Known only to their owners. 
The Romans introduced something 

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else besides coins. 
The concept of debasement, 

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though, they'd never call it 
that. 

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When the Empire needs money to 
pay soldiers to build aqueducts 

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to fund the endless Machinery of
administration, it has two 

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choices raise taxes or make the 
coins worth slightly less. 

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They often choose the latter 
reducing the silver content in 

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their dinner. 
So gradually that most people 

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don't notice immediately Your 
grandfather's Denarius was 95% 

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silver. 
Yours is closer to 80% in 

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another generation. 
It'll be 60% the coin looks the 

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same and weighs nearly the same 
but contains less of what gives 

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it intrinsic value. 
This is a trick that will be 

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repeated throughout British 
history each time with the same 

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justification and the same 
grumbling from citizens, who 

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feel cheated, but lack the power
to object. 

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As Roman Britain, develops coins
become markers of civilization 

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itself. 
Markets were coins. 

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Exchange hands are essential for
towns to gain credibility. 

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00:11:08,800 --> 00:11:11,400
Public buildings, baths 
amphitheaters, and 

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administrative centers, all 
require coin based economies to 

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function. 
You can't run a large scale. 

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Public Works project on 
Bartered, sheep. 

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The military especially depends 
on standardized payment. 

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Soldiers, expect their wages in 
coin and those wages then flow 

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into the local economy as 
soldiers by food entertainment, 

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and the various goods and 
services that soldiers have 

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always purchased in Garrison 
towns. 

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00:11:37,500 --> 00:11:41,800
Something intriguing happens in 
rural areas places where Roman 

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Authority is more theoretical 
than actual there. 

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The old ways persist alongside 
the new a farmer might accept 

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coins for a surplus grains 
certainly, but he's just as 

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pleased to trade directly with 
neighbors, he's known all his 

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life. 
The coins are useful for dealing

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with strangers with tax 
collectors and with the 

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apparatus of Empire. 
But for everyday life among 

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people who trust each other, the
bronze Axe Heads and direct 

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exchanges have an entirely 
disappeared. 

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He watched the sunset from the 
walls of Emperor. 

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Kim York and the city below you 
close in the slanting light. 

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From here. 
You can see the commercial 

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District where Money Changes sit
with their scales and their 

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suspicious eyes, Reddit away, 
foreigns, and determine their 

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value. 
Clink of Commerce rises. 

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Even at this hour mixing with 
the sounds of workshops closing.

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The family is gathering for 
evening, meals, and of a city 

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that has learned to run on 
small, metal discs. 

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That promise value, as surely as
any oath or handshake. 

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The Romans of brought their 
coins and Britain somewhat 

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reluctantly has learned to use 
them. 

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The Romans are gone. 
Now, departed from Britain, in a

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gradual withdrawal, that leaves 
behind roads, walls, and a 

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population that had grown rather
attached to using coins. 

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00:13:01,100 --> 00:13:04,000
But with the Empire to back 
them, without the mints, to 

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00:13:04,008 --> 00:13:06,200
produce them. 
And without the traders, to 

234
00:13:06,200 --> 00:13:09,700
circulate them, the coins 
themselves, begin to disappear. 

235
00:13:09,700 --> 00:13:12,800
Your living through, what 
historians will call the early 

236
00:13:12,800 --> 00:13:16,000
medieval period and money has 
become scarce enough, that 

237
00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:18,100
people are going back to older 
ways of trading. 

238
00:13:18,800 --> 00:13:22,900
Then slowly coins return not 
Roman coins. 

239
00:13:22,900 --> 00:13:26,600
Those of mostly been buried 
hoarded or melted down. 

240
00:13:26,600 --> 00:13:30,800
But new ones struck by Anglo 
Saxon Kings who are trying to 

241
00:13:30,800 --> 00:13:33,300
establish authority over their 
fractured realms. 

242
00:13:34,100 --> 00:13:36,300
The coin that will dominate 
British life for the next. 

243
00:13:36,300 --> 00:13:39,200
Several hundred years is the 
silver penny and it's 

244
00:13:39,200 --> 00:13:42,600
surprisingly small when you 
first hold one, not much bigger 

245
00:13:42,600 --> 00:13:45,900
than your thumbnail thin as 
parchment made of silver. 

246
00:13:45,900 --> 00:13:49,800
That's been hammered, almost to 
the point of translucence, It 

247
00:13:49,800 --> 00:13:52,700
doesn't look like much. 
But this Penny will become the 

248
00:13:52,700 --> 00:13:55,100
foundation of medieval English 
Commerce. 

249
00:13:55,700 --> 00:13:59,100
King offer of Mercy, gets credit
for standardizing the penny in 

250
00:13:59,100 --> 00:14:02,700
the late 700s though, like most 
monetary Innovations, the 

251
00:14:02,700 --> 00:14:05,900
reality is messier than the 
legend, he's trying to create 

252
00:14:05,900 --> 00:14:08,800
currency that will be accepted 
across his kingdom and Beyond 

253
00:14:08,800 --> 00:14:12,000
something that can compete with 
the Frankish coins. 

254
00:14:12,000 --> 00:14:15,900
Flooding into England through 
trade routes, his pennies bare, 

255
00:14:15,900 --> 00:14:19,400
his name and title reclaiming, 
Royal Authority in Latin around 

256
00:14:19,400 --> 00:14:22,300
the edge, with a crude, but 
effective portrait in the 

257
00:14:22,300 --> 00:14:25,200
center. 
The silver content is carefully 

258
00:14:25,200 --> 00:14:30,700
controlled 240 pennies to the 
pound of sterling silver, a 

259
00:14:30,700 --> 00:14:33,500
ratio that will persist for 
centuries and give us the 

260
00:14:33,500 --> 00:14:36,200
December for pence from the 
Latin Denarius. 

261
00:14:37,400 --> 00:14:40,700
Your at a market, in Winchester,
on a morning, when missed still 

262
00:14:40,700 --> 00:14:43,700
clings to the ground. 
And the First Merchants are 

263
00:14:43,700 --> 00:14:46,700
setting up their stalls. 
The coin circulating here come 

264
00:14:46,700 --> 00:14:48,700
from various mints scattered 
across England. 

265
00:14:48,700 --> 00:14:53,200
Winchester itself has one so do 
London Canterbury York and a 

266
00:14:53,200 --> 00:14:56,500
small towns. 
Each mint puts his name on the 

267
00:14:56,500 --> 00:15:00,000
coins, it produces along with 
the money, as name, the 

268
00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:02,100
Craftsman responsible for 
striking them. 

269
00:15:02,800 --> 00:15:04,700
This creates an intriguing 
situation. 

270
00:15:04,700 --> 00:15:09,600
Theoretically all pennies are 
equal but in practice people 

271
00:15:09,600 --> 00:15:13,100
develop preferences coins from 
the London, mint are considered 

272
00:15:13,100 --> 00:15:16,000
more reliable than those, from 
some obscure town, where the 

273
00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:19,000
money might be adding extra 
copper to his silver when he 

274
00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:22,700
thinks no one's watching. 
The penny is both too small and 

275
00:15:22,700 --> 00:15:24,200
too large for everyday 
transactions. 

276
00:15:24,200 --> 00:15:27,900
The penny is considered too 
small because a single penny 

277
00:15:27,900 --> 00:15:31,300
holds a significant amount of 
value sufficient to purchase 

278
00:15:31,300 --> 00:15:32,900
several loaves of bread or a 
chicken. 

279
00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:37,100
For smaller purchases. 
People cut their pennies in half

280
00:15:37,100 --> 00:15:41,200
creating half pennies or into 
quarters for farthings. 

281
00:15:42,500 --> 00:15:44,900
These cut coins have their charm
though. 

282
00:15:44,900 --> 00:15:47,500
Spending them requires a certain
amount of trust that the other 

283
00:15:47,500 --> 00:15:50,200
person won't quibble about 
whether your half is true half 

284
00:15:50,200 --> 00:15:54,100
or suspiciously light. 
Major purchases necessitate, 

285
00:15:54,100 --> 00:15:57,600
counting out, hundreds or 
thousands of pennies a tedious 

286
00:15:57,600 --> 00:16:00,100
process that can lead to 
Accidental or deliberate 

287
00:16:00,100 --> 00:16:04,100
miscounting. 
Medieval economy relies heavily 

288
00:16:04,100 --> 00:16:06,800
on credit and debt. 
A situation that would 

289
00:16:06,800 --> 00:16:09,200
undoubtedly make modern 
accountants, cringe. 

290
00:16:09,200 --> 00:16:10,900
When you buy something 
expensive? 

291
00:16:10,900 --> 00:16:14,600
Say, a horse. 
You might pay part and pennies 

292
00:16:14,600 --> 00:16:17,300
know the rest to be settled at 
some future date when you've 

293
00:16:17,300 --> 00:16:19,000
sold your wall clip or your 
grain Harvest. 

294
00:16:19,800 --> 00:16:21,600
The seller keeps track of these 
debts. 

295
00:16:21,600 --> 00:16:25,300
Using tally sticks pieces of 
wood with notches carved into 

296
00:16:25,300 --> 00:16:28,700
them, then split lengthwise. 
So both parties have matching 

297
00:16:28,700 --> 00:16:32,800
records The pennies that do 
change hands are often worn 

298
00:16:32,800 --> 00:16:36,300
smooth their images. 
Barely visible their edges 

299
00:16:36,300 --> 00:16:39,600
clipped by people who shaved off
tiny slivers of silver over the 

300
00:16:39,600 --> 00:16:42,600
years. 
Everyone knows this happens and 

301
00:16:42,600 --> 00:16:46,000
everyone tacitly agrees to 
ignore it at least until someone

302
00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:48,700
tries to pass off a penny. 
That's obviously, too light. 

303
00:16:49,300 --> 00:16:52,700
In monasteries and manor, 
houses, careful accounts record 

304
00:16:52,700 --> 00:16:56,400
every penny, spent and received 
the accounts of beautiful in 

305
00:16:56,400 --> 00:16:59,700
their way written, in practice, 
hands on parchment, that will 

306
00:16:59,700 --> 00:17:03,300
survive for centuries. 
Item paid to John, the 

307
00:17:03,300 --> 00:17:07,300
carpenter, 12 Pence for 
repairing, The Barn Door item 

308
00:17:07,300 --> 00:17:10,000
received from sale of wool 43 
pennants. 

309
00:17:11,200 --> 00:17:14,599
Themselves rarely stay in one 
place long, they flow through 

310
00:17:14,599 --> 00:17:18,599
the economy, like water pooling 
temporarily in the strong boxes 

311
00:17:18,599 --> 00:17:21,099
of the wealthy. 
Before being released again in 

312
00:17:21,099 --> 00:17:23,400
payment for goods services or 
taxes. 

313
00:17:24,300 --> 00:17:27,800
Speaking of taxes, the crown 
collects them in pennies which 

314
00:17:27,800 --> 00:17:31,600
creates interesting Logistics. 
Imagine being a local tax 

315
00:17:31,600 --> 00:17:34,900
collector, riding from Village 
to village with guards 

316
00:17:34,900 --> 00:17:37,700
accumulating, thousands of 
pennies that need to be 

317
00:17:37,700 --> 00:17:42,000
transported, safely to the Royal
Treasury. the bags of coins are 

318
00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:44,800
heavy enough to require pack 
animals and the journey is 

319
00:17:44,800 --> 00:17:48,700
dangerous enough to require 
armed escorts, Bandits don't 

320
00:17:48,708 --> 00:17:52,500
care about the sanctity of Royal
revenue and a bag of pennies 

321
00:17:52,500 --> 00:17:55,300
represents more wealth than most
people will see, in a lifetime. 

322
00:17:55,300 --> 00:17:58,900
Counterfeiting is a constant 
problem punishable, by 

323
00:17:58,900 --> 00:18:01,600
unpleasant deaths that the 
authorities described in 

324
00:18:01,600 --> 00:18:06,100
gruesome detail as a deterrent. 
Despite this people keep trying 

325
00:18:06,100 --> 00:18:10,600
the temptation to strike your 
own pennies or to add base metal

326
00:18:10,600 --> 00:18:13,600
to the silver or to file genuine
coins. 

327
00:18:13,600 --> 00:18:18,300
And collect the silver dust 
proves too strong for some Every

328
00:18:18,300 --> 00:18:21,800
few decades, the crown responds 
by calling in all the old coins 

329
00:18:21,800 --> 00:18:25,500
and issuing new ones forcing, 
everyone to exchange their 

330
00:18:25,500 --> 00:18:29,200
Warren clipped or suspect 
pennies for fresh ones at the 

331
00:18:29,200 --> 00:18:32,300
Royal mints. 
These were coinages are supposed

332
00:18:32,300 --> 00:18:34,900
to restore trust in the currency
though. 

333
00:18:34,900 --> 00:18:38,000
They all provide opportunities 
for the crown to profit, by 

334
00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:40,800
issuing the new coins, at 
slightly less silver content 

335
00:18:40,800 --> 00:18:43,800
than the old ones. 
What goes around comes around. 

336
00:18:43,800 --> 00:18:47,100
As they say, you're holding a 
penny minted during the reign of

337
00:18:47,108 --> 00:18:49,800
Edward with the first. 
And even in the dim light of a 

338
00:18:49,800 --> 00:18:53,100
Tavern, you can make out the 
details, the long cross on the 

339
00:18:53,100 --> 00:18:56,700
reverse, that extends to the 
edge, making it harder to clip 

340
00:18:56,700 --> 00:19:00,900
the coin without its showing the
legend that circles the edge and

341
00:19:00,900 --> 00:19:04,200
the crude, but somehow dignified
portrait of the king himself, 

342
00:19:05,600 --> 00:19:08,400
This penny might travel from 
here to Scotland in someone's 

343
00:19:08,400 --> 00:19:11,900
purse, then South again to 
London in payment for Scottish 

344
00:19:11,900 --> 00:19:16,200
wool, then West to Wales in a 
Merchants pouch, then back here 

345
00:19:16,200 --> 00:19:18,900
again in a circular Journey that
could take years. 

346
00:19:19,700 --> 00:19:22,400
Each time, it changes hands. 
It represents an agreement 

347
00:19:22,400 --> 00:19:25,000
between people. 
That this bit of silver has 

348
00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:29,000
value that the king stamp 
guarantees its worth that 

349
00:19:29,000 --> 00:19:31,000
tomorrow. 
It will still buy what it buys 

350
00:19:31,000 --> 00:19:33,800
today. 
The medieval penny is more than 

351
00:19:33,800 --> 00:19:38,200
money. physical manifestation of
trust in a world where trust is 

352
00:19:38,200 --> 00:19:41,600
often in short supply when you 
accept someone's Penny and 

353
00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:45,900
payment your trusting not just 
them not just the king who 

354
00:19:45,900 --> 00:19:49,600
issued it, not just the money 
who struck it but the entire 

355
00:19:49,600 --> 00:19:53,700
complex web of agreements and 
traditions that give meaning to 

356
00:19:53,700 --> 00:19:58,400
this small silver disc And most 
of the time, remarkably that 

357
00:19:58,400 --> 00:20:01,800
trust holds. 
The Tower of London looms gray 

358
00:20:01,800 --> 00:20:06,100
and imposing on this particular 
morning in 1279 and somewhere 

359
00:20:06,100 --> 00:20:11,000
within its walls, in a secure 
room that few people ever see a 

360
00:20:11,000 --> 00:20:13,400
mint is producing coins with 
methodical precision. 

361
00:20:14,200 --> 00:20:17,000
You can hear the sounds. 
If you're close enough, the 

362
00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:21,200
rhythmic strike of hammers on 
metal, the scrap of files, 

363
00:20:21,200 --> 00:20:23,800
smoothing edges. 
The occasional curse when a 

364
00:20:23,800 --> 00:20:28,400
blank splits incorrectly, This 
is where Royal Authority 

365
00:20:28,400 --> 00:20:32,200
transforms silver into money, 
and the process is both simpler 

366
00:20:32,200 --> 00:20:33,800
and more complicated than you 
might. 

367
00:20:33,800 --> 00:20:38,000
Imagine the silver arrives as 
Boolean melted down plate. 

368
00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:43,100
Old jewelry worn coins from 
previous rains and occasionally 

369
00:20:43,100 --> 00:20:46,600
ingots from English minds but 
more often imported from 

370
00:20:46,600 --> 00:20:50,700
Continental sources. 
England has never been blessed 

371
00:20:50,700 --> 00:20:54,400
with abundant precious metal 
deposits, which means the raw 

372
00:20:54,400 --> 00:20:57,100
material for coins. 
Must come from trade, surpluses 

373
00:20:57,100 --> 00:21:00,700
or less happily from Taxation 
and confiscation. 

374
00:21:01,800 --> 00:21:05,700
A master assayer tests, each 
batch of silver, checking its 

375
00:21:05,700 --> 00:21:09,700
Purity using methods that are 
Park chemistry part experience 

376
00:21:09,700 --> 00:21:14,900
and part, informed guests work. 
Too much copper mixed in and the

377
00:21:14,900 --> 00:21:19,500
coins will be suspect to pure 
and the silver becomes too soft 

378
00:21:19,500 --> 00:21:21,700
to circulate without wearing 
down to nothing. 

379
00:21:22,700 --> 00:21:27,000
Once approved, the silver goes 
to the melting house where 

380
00:21:27,000 --> 00:21:31,600
Crucible glow, red hot and the 
air Shimmers with heat The 

381
00:21:31,600 --> 00:21:34,900
molten silver is poured into 
molds that create long strips 

382
00:21:34,900 --> 00:21:37,000
which are then hammered to the 
correct thickness. 

383
00:21:37,000 --> 00:21:42,400
This hammering is skilled work, 
too thin and the coins will bend

384
00:21:42,400 --> 00:21:44,700
too thick and they'll waste 
silver. 

385
00:21:45,300 --> 00:21:49,800
The strips once properly thinned
a cut into small round blanks, 

386
00:21:49,800 --> 00:21:53,600
using shears that can sever 
metal with a sound like breaking

387
00:21:53,600 --> 00:21:57,100
bones. 
Each blank is weighed adjusted 

388
00:21:57,100 --> 00:22:02,000
filed, if necessary, then 
weighed again. the tolerance for

389
00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:06,100
error is Tiny because people 
will check people always check 

390
00:22:06,100 --> 00:22:09,700
and immense reputation depends 
on the reliability of its 

391
00:22:09,700 --> 00:22:13,100
product. 
The actual striking happens on a

392
00:22:13,100 --> 00:22:16,200
bench where a money, a sits with
tools, that would look familiar 

393
00:22:16,200 --> 00:22:21,700
to an ancient Roman, a lower dye
fixed in place a loose upper die

394
00:22:21,700 --> 00:22:24,100
that he holds in his hand and a 
hammer. 

395
00:22:25,000 --> 00:22:28,600
He positions a blank on the 
lower die places, the upper die 

396
00:22:28,600 --> 00:22:30,900
on top and Strikes, it with the 
hammer. 

397
00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:36,400
One, blow perfectly placed, and 
the images on both dies, 

398
00:22:36,400 --> 00:22:39,200
transferred to the blank 
transforming. 

399
00:22:39,200 --> 00:22:43,000
It from a mere disc of silver 
into a penny that proclaims 

400
00:22:43,000 --> 00:22:45,800
Royal Authority and economic 
value. 

401
00:22:46,600 --> 00:22:49,700
Skilled money are construct. 
Several hundred coins in a day. 

402
00:22:49,700 --> 00:22:52,800
Each one, theoretically 
identical but in practice 

403
00:22:52,800 --> 00:22:56,000
showing tiny variations that 
give them individual character. 

404
00:22:56,600 --> 00:22:59,800
The tower mint is the most 
prestigious but it's far from 

405
00:22:59,800 --> 00:23:02,800
the only one. 
Across England from Canterbury 

406
00:23:02,800 --> 00:23:06,500
to Durham from Bristol to 
Newcastle, mints operate with 

407
00:23:06,500 --> 00:23:09,700
royal. 
Licenses each one supervised by 

408
00:23:09,700 --> 00:23:11,900
officials who answer ultimately 
to the king. 

409
00:23:12,700 --> 00:23:15,200
Edward, the first as 
reorganized, the whole system, 

410
00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:18,900
standardizing the silver content
and establishing quality 

411
00:23:18,900 --> 00:23:21,500
controls that previous Reigns 
had administered more 

412
00:23:21,500 --> 00:23:24,400
haphazardly. 
His long cross pennies are 

413
00:23:24,400 --> 00:23:27,000
designed to make clipping 
obvious and he's not above 

414
00:23:27,000 --> 00:23:29,800
executing money, as you try to 
cheat the specifications. 

415
00:23:29,800 --> 00:23:33,300
You're watching a recorded one 
of those periodic events when 

416
00:23:33,300 --> 00:23:35,700
the crown, recalls, all old 
pennies and Issues new ones. 

417
00:23:35,700 --> 00:23:40,400
The stated reason is always the 
same to remove warn clipped and 

418
00:23:40,400 --> 00:23:43,200
counterfeit coins from 
circulation to restore 

419
00:23:43,200 --> 00:23:47,100
confidence in the currency and 
to demonstrate Royal competence 

420
00:23:47,100 --> 00:23:50,900
in monetary matters. the 
unstated reason is usually 

421
00:23:50,900 --> 00:23:54,900
Financial the crown profits from
these exercises because the new 

422
00:23:54,900 --> 00:23:57,700
coins, typically contain 
slightly less silver than the 

423
00:23:57,700 --> 00:24:02,400
old ones, a different, the 
government pocket's Still people

424
00:24:02,400 --> 00:24:05,700
participate because they have no
choice and because fresh 

425
00:24:05,700 --> 00:24:10,000
properly weighted coins. 
Do make Commerce easier. the 

426
00:24:10,000 --> 00:24:13,000
records kept at the mint, a 
meticulous to the point of 

427
00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:17,100
obsession every ounce of silver 
that enters is accounted for 

428
00:24:17,100 --> 00:24:22,600
every penny that leaves is noted
Periodical audits verify that 

429
00:24:22,600 --> 00:24:25,800
the numbers match and 
discrepancies trigger 

430
00:24:25,800 --> 00:24:29,900
investigations that can end 
careers or in serious cases, 

431
00:24:29,900 --> 00:24:33,300
leave. 
The crown takes monetary 

432
00:24:33,300 --> 00:24:35,900
Integrity. 
Seriously at least in theory 

433
00:24:35,900 --> 00:24:39,800
because debased currency 
undermines everything from tax 

434
00:24:39,800 --> 00:24:43,800
collection to international 
trade in practice when the king 

435
00:24:43,800 --> 00:24:47,800
desperately needs money to fight
Wars or build castles the Purity

436
00:24:47,800 --> 00:24:50,100
standards have a way of quietly 
declining. 

437
00:24:50,900 --> 00:24:55,000
Foreign coins, create 
complicated situations Merchants

438
00:24:55,000 --> 00:24:58,400
trading with France, or the low 
countries often received payment

439
00:24:58,400 --> 00:25:02,000
in Continental currently and 
these foreign coins need to be 

440
00:25:02,000 --> 00:25:07,000
evaluated and either accepted at
face value discounted or refused

441
00:25:07,000 --> 00:25:10,300
entirely. 
Money changers set up shop near 

442
00:25:10,300 --> 00:25:14,300
ports and major markets offering
to exchange foreign coins for 

443
00:25:14,300 --> 00:25:17,300
English ones, taking a 
percentage for their trouble. 

444
00:25:18,100 --> 00:25:21,200
Some of these money changers are
honest, many are creative in 

445
00:25:21,200 --> 00:25:23,700
their accounting. 
All of them are necessary 

446
00:25:23,700 --> 00:25:25,700
because International Trade 
can't function. 

447
00:25:25,700 --> 00:25:29,500
If every Merchant needs to 
personally, assess the silver 

448
00:25:29,500 --> 00:25:34,600
content of unfamiliar coins, The
technology of minting changes 

449
00:25:34,600 --> 00:25:38,900
slowly the hammer and dye method
has persisted for centuries 

450
00:25:38,900 --> 00:25:41,700
because it works and because 
innovation in government 

451
00:25:41,700 --> 00:25:45,300
services happens at glacial 
speed occasionally, someone 

452
00:25:45,300 --> 00:25:48,500
proposes mechanizing the process
with screw presses or other 

453
00:25:48,500 --> 00:25:51,000
Contraptions that promise 
greater speed and consistency. 

454
00:25:52,300 --> 00:25:55,300
These Innovations are regarded 
with suspicion by moneys. 

455
00:25:55,300 --> 00:25:58,200
Who correctly, suspect that 
mechanical production might 

456
00:25:58,200 --> 00:26:00,100
reduce the need for their 
skilled labor. 

457
00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:04,900
Progress in minting as in so 
much else is resisted by people 

458
00:26:04,900 --> 00:26:06,500
whose livelihoods depend on 
things. 

459
00:26:06,500 --> 00:26:09,700
Staying the same. 
You pick up a newly minted Penny

460
00:26:09,700 --> 00:26:12,200
and it's beautiful in its own 
austere way. 

461
00:26:13,300 --> 00:26:17,100
The silver gleams, the images 
are sharp and the weight feels 

462
00:26:17,100 --> 00:26:21,100
exactly right in your hand. 
This coin Bears, the king's 

463
00:26:21,100 --> 00:26:25,600
portrait his name and his claim 
to rule by divine, right? 

464
00:26:26,400 --> 00:26:29,500
It will circulate for years, 
passing through, thousands of 

465
00:26:29,500 --> 00:26:34,400
hands financing, thousands of 
transactions slowly wearing down

466
00:26:34,400 --> 00:26:37,700
until someone finally turns it 
in at the next recording Edge. 

467
00:26:38,300 --> 00:26:42,300
But for now, fresh from the 
mint, it represents the ideal 

468
00:26:42,300 --> 00:26:45,300
money. 
As it's supposed to be before 

469
00:26:45,300 --> 00:26:50,100
the world gets its hands on it, 
the year is 1344 and England is 

470
00:26:50,100 --> 00:26:51,700
about to attempt, something 
ambitious. 

471
00:26:52,600 --> 00:26:55,900
A gold coinage to compete with 
the prestigious Florence of 

472
00:26:55,900 --> 00:26:58,200
Florence and the ducketts of 
Venice. 

473
00:26:58,900 --> 00:27:02,100
You're standing in a Merchants 
Hall where news travels fast and

474
00:27:02,100 --> 00:27:05,600
opinions even faster. 
Listening to Traders debate, 

475
00:27:05,600 --> 00:27:09,100
whether England can pull this 
off, The attempt as it happens 

476
00:27:09,100 --> 00:27:13,600
will fail rather spectacularly 
but the principle of gold coins.

477
00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:17,300
Alongside silver, pennies will 
eventually succeed creating a 

478
00:27:17,308 --> 00:27:20,400
bimetallic system that 
complicates British currency for

479
00:27:20,400 --> 00:27:23,800
centuries to come. 
Edward, the third introduces, 

480
00:27:23,800 --> 00:27:26,700
the floor in and the problems 
begin almost immediately. 

481
00:27:27,800 --> 00:27:32,800
The gold content is generous. 
Perhaps two generous and the 

482
00:27:32,800 --> 00:27:36,800
exchange rate between gold and 
silver is set poorly, making it 

483
00:27:36,800 --> 00:27:40,100
profitable to meltdown floorings
and sell the gold abroad. 

484
00:27:41,100 --> 00:27:45,000
Within months, England's gold 
coins are disappearing, not into

485
00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:47,800
circulation, but 
InterContinental melting pots. 

486
00:27:47,800 --> 00:27:51,400
The floor in his withdrawn 
replacement by the noble, which 

487
00:27:51,400 --> 00:27:54,100
is lighter, and hopefully won't 
suffer the same fate. 

488
00:27:54,900 --> 00:27:58,600
The novel survives more or less,
though it never achieves the 

489
00:27:58,600 --> 00:28:02,600
universal acceptance. 
Its design has hoped for Gold 

490
00:28:02,600 --> 00:28:06,500
coins solve certain problems 
while creating others they make 

491
00:28:06,500 --> 00:28:09,600
large transactions. 
Easier carrying a handful of 

492
00:28:09,600 --> 00:28:11,500
gold. 
Nobles is more convenient than 

493
00:28:11,500 --> 00:28:15,300
lugging bags of silver pennies. 
They facilitate International 

494
00:28:15,300 --> 00:28:17,700
Trade because gold is gold 
wherever you go. 

495
00:28:17,700 --> 00:28:21,300
It's value less dependent on 
whose face is stamped on it. 

496
00:28:22,200 --> 00:28:25,300
But they also created two tier 
monetary system where the 

497
00:28:25,300 --> 00:28:28,600
wealthy dealing gold while 
everyone else still uses silver 

498
00:28:28,600 --> 00:28:32,300
and the exchange rate between 
the two metals becomes a source 

499
00:28:32,300 --> 00:28:34,700
of constant manipulation and 
frustration. 

500
00:28:35,500 --> 00:28:38,700
You're in a Goldsmith shop in 
cheapside watching the master 

501
00:28:38,700 --> 00:28:42,300
examine a noble, someone has 
brought for verification of, he 

502
00:28:42,300 --> 00:28:45,300
has a practice for this work, 
checking the weight on scale. 

503
00:28:45,300 --> 00:28:49,300
So sensitive they can detect a 
missing grain of gold Examining 

504
00:28:49,300 --> 00:28:52,600
The Edge for signs of filing and
even by biting the coin because 

505
00:28:52,600 --> 00:28:55,000
gold is soft enough. 
That teeth marks can reveal 

506
00:28:55,000 --> 00:28:59,000
copper mixed in Satisfied, he 
accepts the coin and hands over 

507
00:28:59,000 --> 00:29:03,100
goods worth 20 pence and silver.
The exchange rate is officially 

508
00:29:03,100 --> 00:29:06,600
fixed but in practice, it floats
based on the relative of 

509
00:29:06,600 --> 00:29:10,600
availability of each metal and 
goldsmiths being neither stupid,

510
00:29:10,600 --> 00:29:13,000
nor charitable, exploit these 
fluctuations? 

511
00:29:14,100 --> 00:29:18,300
The introduction of gold creates
Arbitrage opportunities, a 

512
00:29:18,300 --> 00:29:19,900
merchant with good connections 
and better. 

513
00:29:19,900 --> 00:29:22,700
Timing can profit by exchanging 
gold for silver. 

514
00:29:22,700 --> 00:29:26,800
When the ratio favors One 
Direction, then reversing the 

515
00:29:26,800 --> 00:29:31,000
trade, when the ratio shifts, 
This isn't officially encouraged

516
00:29:31,000 --> 00:29:35,000
but it happens constantly and it
drains wealth from the economy 

517
00:29:35,000 --> 00:29:38,600
into the hands of people clever 
enough to play the system, the 

518
00:29:38,600 --> 00:29:40,700
crown tries to control the 
exchange rate through 

519
00:29:40,700 --> 00:29:44,800
proclamations but Market forces 
proved stubbornly resistant to 

520
00:29:44,800 --> 00:29:48,500
Royal decrees. 
Meanwhile, silver pennies can 

521
00:29:48,500 --> 00:29:51,000
continue doing the heavy lifting
of everyday commas. 

522
00:29:51,700 --> 00:29:55,100
You still buy bread with Pence, 
pay your rent in Shillings, 

523
00:29:55,100 --> 00:29:59,200
which aren't actual coins, but 
accounting units of 12 Pairs and

524
00:29:59,200 --> 00:30:02,200
settle Tavern, bills with half, 
pennies cut from Whole coins. 

525
00:30:03,100 --> 00:30:05,300
The introduction of gold hasn't 
replaced the penny. 

526
00:30:05,300 --> 00:30:08,700
It's merely added another layer 
of complexity to an already 

527
00:30:08,700 --> 00:30:12,000
complicated system. 
The terminology starts getting 

528
00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:16,400
interesting Elden isn't a coin, 
it's an accounting unit 

529
00:30:16,400 --> 00:30:19,900
representing 20 Shillings or 240
Pence. 

530
00:30:19,900 --> 00:30:25,200
A Mark isn't a coin either. 
It's 2/3 of a pound or 13 

531
00:30:25,200 --> 00:30:26,400
Shillings. 
And four Pence. 

532
00:30:26,400 --> 00:30:28,600
A unique commonly used for large
transactions. 

533
00:30:29,800 --> 00:30:34,300
A growth is 4 Pence and when 
gross finally become actual 

534
00:30:34,300 --> 00:30:37,800
coins rather than just a count 
of pennies people, initially 

535
00:30:37,800 --> 00:30:41,100
distrust them because change is 
always suspicious the British 

536
00:30:41,100 --> 00:30:43,800
relationship with their currency
is developing into something 

537
00:30:43,800 --> 00:30:47,500
characteristically complicated 
where the actual coins and 

538
00:30:47,500 --> 00:30:49,700
accounting systems exist in 
parallel. 

539
00:30:49,700 --> 00:30:53,700
Universes that occasionally 
intersect You watch a legal 

540
00:30:53,700 --> 00:30:57,100
proceeding where a debt is being
settled and the amounts are 

541
00:30:57,100 --> 00:31:01,500
listed in pounds Shillings and 
Pence, even though the actual 

542
00:31:01,500 --> 00:31:05,000
payment will be in whatever 
mixture of coins, the debtor can

543
00:31:05,000 --> 00:31:10,200
scrape together. 10 Nobles, and 
20, Groats, and 40, pennies or 

544
00:31:10,200 --> 00:31:12,400
some other combination that 
equals the required. 

545
00:31:12,400 --> 00:31:16,800
Some The Clark recording the 
transaction, right to told down 

546
00:31:16,800 --> 00:31:21,000
in the formal notation three 
pounds four, Shillings 8 Pence, 

547
00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:25,400
A system that will persist until
1971 and will drive. 

548
00:31:25,400 --> 00:31:28,300
Countless school children to 
despair trying to master the 

549
00:31:28,300 --> 00:31:30,700
arithmetic. 
Gold coins. 

550
00:31:30,700 --> 00:31:34,600
Develop Prestige, beyond their 
face value a Noble in your purse

551
00:31:34,600 --> 00:31:36,300
marks. 
You as someone of Consequence, 

552
00:31:36,300 --> 00:31:40,700
the gold glints, attractively 
catches the light and feel 

553
00:31:40,700 --> 00:31:42,800
substantial. 
In a way that silver never quite

554
00:31:42,800 --> 00:31:46,800
does portraits on gold coins. 
Tend to be more details and more

555
00:31:46,800 --> 00:31:49,900
carefully executed because these
coins represent the realm to 

556
00:31:49,900 --> 00:31:54,000
foreign Traders and dignitaries.
A badly struck Noble is an 

557
00:31:54,000 --> 00:31:57,600
insult to English craftsmanship.
A well-struck one is a small 

558
00:31:57,608 --> 00:32:01,100
work of art. 
But gold also brings problems of

559
00:32:01,100 --> 00:32:04,300
standardization. 
Different kingdoms issue. 

560
00:32:04,300 --> 00:32:07,600
Gold coins with different 
weights and purities and unlike 

561
00:32:07,600 --> 00:32:11,300
silver where long tradition has 
established rough, equivalents 

562
00:32:11,300 --> 00:32:14,500
gold, coinages and new enough. 
That no one quite agrees on 

563
00:32:14,508 --> 00:32:19,400
relative values, an English 
Noble, a Venetian duckett and a 

564
00:32:19,400 --> 00:32:22,700
Florentine Florin. 
They're all gold, all roughly 

565
00:32:22,700 --> 00:32:24,800
similar in weight but not 
identical. 

566
00:32:24,800 --> 00:32:28,000
And the difference is matter 
when you're trading hundreds of 

567
00:32:28,000 --> 00:32:30,500
them. 
Merchants develop conversion 

568
00:32:30,500 --> 00:32:35,500
tables, but these are Trade 
Secrets advantages to be hoarded

569
00:32:35,500 --> 00:32:39,200
rather than shared The Black 
Death arrives in the middle of 

570
00:32:39,200 --> 00:32:42,700
this monetary experimentation 
and suddenly labor is worth 

571
00:32:42,700 --> 00:32:45,200
more, because there's less of it
wages. 

572
00:32:45,200 --> 00:32:48,700
Traditionally paid in pennies, 
start, including the occasional 

573
00:32:48,700 --> 00:32:52,700
gold coin for skilled workers. 
The economic disruption caused 

574
00:32:52,700 --> 00:32:55,900
by plague deaths, ripples 
through the currency system in 

575
00:32:55,900 --> 00:32:59,700
ways, no one fully anticipated. 
Price is rise. 

576
00:32:59,700 --> 00:33:05,500
The value of fixed rents and the
careful balance between gold and

577
00:33:05,500 --> 00:33:08,500
silver. 
Wobbles on certainly By the end 

578
00:33:08,508 --> 00:33:12,100
of the 14th century. 
England has a working if in 

579
00:33:12,100 --> 00:33:17,700
elegant by metallic currency 
system, Gold for the wealthy and

580
00:33:17,700 --> 00:33:21,400
for international trade. 
Silver for everyone else and for

581
00:33:21,400 --> 00:33:25,000
domestic Commerce, and a Welter 
of accounting units that connect

582
00:33:25,000 --> 00:33:28,300
them, it's not efficient, but it
functions. 

583
00:33:28,300 --> 00:33:30,800
Which in monetary matters is 
often the most. 

584
00:33:30,800 --> 00:33:34,400
You can hope for the coins, gold
and silver. 

585
00:33:34,400 --> 00:33:38,000
Both continued, their circular 
Journeys through the economy, 

586
00:33:38,000 --> 00:33:41,100
markers of value, in a world 
that's beginning to understand 

587
00:33:41,100 --> 00:33:45,000
that money is as much about 
trust and Convention, as it is 

588
00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:49,300
about precious metal Henry, the 
8th needs money. 

589
00:33:49,300 --> 00:33:53,600
It's 1542 and his Wars with 
France and Scotland are 

590
00:33:53,600 --> 00:33:56,200
expensive. 
His Palace, building projects 

591
00:33:56,200 --> 00:33:59,500
were expensive and his personal 
spending habits are expensive. 

592
00:33:59,500 --> 00:34:04,700
The treasury is empty, taxation 
is maxed out and borrowing has 

593
00:34:04,700 --> 00:34:07,700
its limits. 
So Henry does what rule is do? 

594
00:34:07,700 --> 00:34:11,300
When they run out of options? 
He debases the coinage. 

595
00:34:12,100 --> 00:34:14,600
The great debasement as 
historians will call it. 

596
00:34:14,600 --> 00:34:18,500
It's about to demonstrate 
exactly how badly monetary 

597
00:34:18,500 --> 00:34:22,000
manipulation can go wrong. 
You're holding a shilling. 

598
00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:24,600
A relatively new coin 
denomination. 

599
00:34:24,600 --> 00:34:27,500
That was struck this year and 
something about it. 

600
00:34:27,500 --> 00:34:30,300
Feels off the Silver doesn't 
look quite right. 

601
00:34:30,300 --> 00:34:33,199
There's a coppery tinge, that 
shouldn't be there. 

602
00:34:34,000 --> 00:34:37,600
Henry's mints of reduced, the 
silver content from 92 percent 

603
00:34:37,600 --> 00:34:42,400
to just 33% in the worst cases 
filling the rest with copper and

604
00:34:42,400 --> 00:34:47,100
hoping no one will notice people
notice they notice immediately 

605
00:34:47,100 --> 00:34:51,500
and they're not happy about it. 
The debasement follows a 

606
00:34:51,500 --> 00:34:54,900
predictable pattern. 
First, the crown announces its 

607
00:34:54,900 --> 00:34:58,800
issuing new coins with the same 
face value as the old ones, it 

608
00:34:58,800 --> 00:35:01,700
neglects to mention that these 
new coins contain less silver. 

609
00:35:01,700 --> 00:35:06,400
The new coin's flood into 
circulation and initially people

610
00:35:06,400 --> 00:35:09,300
accept them at face value 
because the king stamps as their

611
00:35:09,300 --> 00:35:11,700
worth, a shilling or whatever. 
Denomination is marked. 

612
00:35:12,300 --> 00:35:15,500
But Merchants aren't stupid and 
they soon realized what's 

613
00:35:15,500 --> 00:35:18,300
happening. 
The value of the debate coins 

614
00:35:18,300 --> 00:35:23,100
drops prices rise to compensate 
and inflation starts running 

615
00:35:23,100 --> 00:35:26,000
hot. 
In markets across England 

616
00:35:26,000 --> 00:35:29,500
arguments, erupt over what coins
to accept and what value. 

617
00:35:30,400 --> 00:35:33,000
The old good coins. 
The ones with proper silver 

618
00:35:33,000 --> 00:35:34,300
content. 
Start disappearing. 

619
00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:39,300
People hold them, melt them down
or export them because they're 

620
00:35:39,300 --> 00:35:41,300
worth more as metal than as 
currency. 

621
00:35:42,300 --> 00:35:44,900
Debased coins flood into 
Everyday Use because no one 

622
00:35:44,908 --> 00:35:48,100
wants to hang on to them. 
This is gresham's law before 

623
00:35:48,100 --> 00:35:51,000
Thomas Gresham. 
Articulates it bad money. 

624
00:35:51,000 --> 00:35:53,600
Drives out good. 
You watch a merchant? 

625
00:35:53,600 --> 00:35:56,800
Examine a coin, someone's just 
handed him, and he looks deeply 

626
00:35:56,800 --> 00:36:00,200
unimpressed. 
The silver content is so low 

627
00:36:00,200 --> 00:36:03,100
that the copper underneath is 
showing through on the king's 

628
00:36:03,100 --> 00:36:06,500
nose, which has led to Henry 
being called Old, copper nose 

629
00:36:06,500 --> 00:36:10,300
behind his back, not to his 
face, obviously, because Henry 

630
00:36:10,300 --> 00:36:12,200
sense of humor about such things
as Limited. 

631
00:36:13,700 --> 00:36:16,800
The merchant accepts the coin, 
but races his prices to 

632
00:36:16,800 --> 00:36:20,400
compensate, and the customer 
grumbles, but pays because what 

633
00:36:20,400 --> 00:36:23,500
choice does he have. 
The great debasement teaches 

634
00:36:23,500 --> 00:36:26,500
England, several painful lessons
about monetary policy. 

635
00:36:27,300 --> 00:36:30,600
First, you can't endlessly 
reduce the precious metal 

636
00:36:30,600 --> 00:36:32,800
content of coins without 
consequences. 

637
00:36:32,800 --> 00:36:37,400
Second inflation is a real 
phenomenon that destroys the 

638
00:36:37,400 --> 00:36:39,700
value of savings and disrupts 
Commerce. 

639
00:36:40,600 --> 00:36:44,000
Third restoring, a debased 
currency is much harder than 

640
00:36:44,000 --> 00:36:45,400
debasing. 
It in the first place. 

641
00:36:45,400 --> 00:36:48,900
The debate last through Henry's 
Reign and into Edward, the 

642
00:36:48,900 --> 00:36:52,300
sicks, creating nearly a decade 
of monetary chaos. 

643
00:36:52,300 --> 00:36:54,800
That won't be fully resolved 
until Elizabeth. 

644
00:36:54,800 --> 00:36:59,300
The first recorded in 1560, 
Elizabeth solution is 

645
00:36:59,300 --> 00:37:03,900
characteristically, bold call in
all the debased coins and issue 

646
00:37:03,900 --> 00:37:05,500
new ones with proper silver 
content. 

647
00:37:06,500 --> 00:37:09,200
This costs, the crown, an 
enormous amount of money. 

648
00:37:09,200 --> 00:37:12,000
Exactly. 
The amount it gained from the 

649
00:37:12,000 --> 00:37:15,000
debasement, plus interest and 
opportunity cost. 

650
00:37:16,100 --> 00:37:19,900
But it restores trust in English
currency, which turns out to be 

651
00:37:19,900 --> 00:37:23,500
worth the expense. 
The new Elizabethan coins are 

652
00:37:23,500 --> 00:37:26,800
beautiful carefully struck and 
properly composed. 

653
00:37:27,800 --> 00:37:31,000
People actually want to use 
them, which is a novelty after 

654
00:37:31,000 --> 00:37:34,800
years, of shabby copyrighting 
Schillings that no one trusted. 

655
00:37:36,200 --> 00:37:39,300
The psychological impact of 
debasement lingers long after 

656
00:37:39,300 --> 00:37:43,000
the physical coins are replaced.
The generation of English, 

657
00:37:43,000 --> 00:37:46,000
people of learn that government 
promises about currency value. 

658
00:37:46,000 --> 00:37:49,500
Can't necessarily be trusted. 
They've learned to hold good 

659
00:37:49,500 --> 00:37:53,500
coins and spend bad ones to 
check white carefully and to 

660
00:37:53,500 --> 00:37:56,500
distrust official proclamations 
about monetary policy. 

661
00:37:57,600 --> 00:38:00,500
This skepticism will color 
British attitudes toward 

662
00:38:00,500 --> 00:38:04,200
currency for centuries. 
Your examining the edge of an 

663
00:38:04,208 --> 00:38:08,000
Elizabethan Crown, the large 
silver coin worth five Shillings

664
00:38:08,000 --> 00:38:12,500
and you notice something clever.
The Edge is milled with ridges, 

665
00:38:12,500 --> 00:38:15,800
tiny grooves? 
That Circle the entire coin. 

666
00:38:15,800 --> 00:38:19,800
This isn't decorative. 
Its functional, the Milling 

667
00:38:19,800 --> 00:38:22,400
makes it impossible to file or 
clip The Edge without its 

668
00:38:22,400 --> 00:38:24,900
showing someone attempting to 
shave silver. 

669
00:38:24,900 --> 00:38:26,300
Off. 
This coin, would destroy the 

670
00:38:26,300 --> 00:38:29,600
even pattern of ridges 
immediately marking the coin as 

671
00:38:29,600 --> 00:38:34,100
tampered with this Innovation 
borrowed from Continental, mints

672
00:38:34,100 --> 00:38:36,100
will become standard on British 
coins. 

673
00:38:36,800 --> 00:38:39,600
The religious upheavals of the 
Tudor period, add another 

674
00:38:39,600 --> 00:38:43,500
dimension to currency each 
Monarch changes the coins to 

675
00:38:43,500 --> 00:38:45,400
reflect their preferred flavor 
of Christianity. 

676
00:38:45,400 --> 00:38:49,100
And in some cases the wrong 
coins can get you into trouble. 

677
00:38:49,100 --> 00:38:53,000
Having too many Catholic coins 
during Protestant Reigns or vice

678
00:38:53,000 --> 00:38:55,400
versa might attract unwanted 
attention. 

679
00:38:56,400 --> 00:39:00,400
Coins as always a political 
statements as much as economic 

680
00:39:00,400 --> 00:39:03,200
tools. 
During Mary the first brief 

681
00:39:03,200 --> 00:39:07,100
Reign coins bear Catholic 
imagery and Latin inscription 

682
00:39:07,100 --> 00:39:10,000
that will be swept away when 
Elizabeth take the throne. 

683
00:39:10,900 --> 00:39:13,600
The money in your purse becomes 
a miniature Chronicle of 

684
00:39:13,600 --> 00:39:17,800
religious chain each coin, a 
frozen moment from a particular 

685
00:39:17,800 --> 00:39:21,300
theological position. 
Future historians will find this

686
00:39:21,300 --> 00:39:23,900
fascinating for people living 
through it. 

687
00:39:23,900 --> 00:39:27,000
It's mostly confusing and 
occasionally dangerous. 

688
00:39:28,000 --> 00:39:31,100
The debasement also demonstrates
the limits of royal power. 

689
00:39:31,800 --> 00:39:36,000
Henry, the 8th was as absolute 
monarch as England ever had, but

690
00:39:36,000 --> 00:39:39,100
he couldn't make debased coins 
worth what undie based coins 

691
00:39:39,100 --> 00:39:41,200
were worth simply by proclaiming
it. 

692
00:39:41,200 --> 00:39:45,300
So, The market that mysterious 
Force comprising, millions of 

693
00:39:45,308 --> 00:39:48,300
individual decisions, proved 
stronger than the Kings. 

694
00:39:48,300 --> 00:39:51,800
Will people voted with their 
purses hoarding. 

695
00:39:51,800 --> 00:39:54,100
Good coins and circulating bad 
ones. 

696
00:39:54,100 --> 00:39:56,900
And there was nothing the crown 
could do to stop them. 

697
00:39:57,800 --> 00:40:01,000
By Elizabeth's, death English 
currency has recovered its 

698
00:40:01,000 --> 00:40:04,400
reputation, but the memory of 
the great debasement, persists, 

699
00:40:05,200 --> 00:40:08,000
The lesson learned, or at least 
the lesson that should have been

700
00:40:08,000 --> 00:40:11,200
learned, is that monetary 
stability requires more than 

701
00:40:11,200 --> 00:40:14,800
Royal proclamations. 
It requires genuine value, 

702
00:40:14,800 --> 00:40:20,700
consistent standards, and most 
importantly, Break that trust 

703
00:40:20,700 --> 00:40:24,100
and you can restore the silver 
content of your coins but 

704
00:40:24,100 --> 00:40:26,100
restoring faith in the takes 
much longer. 

705
00:40:27,300 --> 00:40:31,100
Tuesday Morning in 1650 and your
shopping in a London Market 

706
00:40:31,100 --> 00:40:34,800
that's been held on the spot. 
Since Medieval Times your purse,

707
00:40:34,800 --> 00:40:38,100
contains a mixture of coins 
Schilling's from Charles the 

708
00:40:38,100 --> 00:40:41,400
first Reign penny. 
So warn you can barely make out 

709
00:40:41,400 --> 00:40:44,700
who's faced adorns them and a 
few Dutch guilders, you took in 

710
00:40:44,700 --> 00:40:47,800
trade last week. 
This assortment is normal. 

711
00:40:47,800 --> 00:40:51,900
Nobody expects uniformity and 
the coinage jingling around in 

712
00:40:51,900 --> 00:40:54,700
their pockets. 
The baker, who sells you bread, 

713
00:40:54,700 --> 00:40:56,600
doesn't actually care what coin 
you use. 

714
00:40:56,600 --> 00:41:00,500
As long as it's wait and silver 
content are acceptable. he has a

715
00:41:00,508 --> 00:41:03,700
small scale hanging from his 
stall for checking suspicious 

716
00:41:03,700 --> 00:41:08,300
coins and a touchstone, A piece 
of dark stone used to test gold 

717
00:41:08,300 --> 00:41:11,700
and silver Purity by the streak 
they leave when rubbed against 

718
00:41:11,700 --> 00:41:14,300
it. 
Half the merchants in this 

719
00:41:14,300 --> 00:41:17,700
market have similar equipment 
because trusting coins. 

720
00:41:17,700 --> 00:41:21,100
At face value, is for the 
optimistic or the foolish, you 

721
00:41:21,100 --> 00:41:23,500
hand over a shilling and the 
baker bites. 

722
00:41:23,500 --> 00:41:26,300
It first. 
Not because this actually works 

723
00:41:26,300 --> 00:41:29,300
for detecting counterfeit 
silver, but because everyone 

724
00:41:29,300 --> 00:41:35,700
does it and tradition matters. 
Satisfied, he makes change 8, 

725
00:41:35,700 --> 00:41:39,100
pennies warns, Smooth by, 
countless transactions. 

726
00:41:39,100 --> 00:41:41,700
Each one slightly different from
the others. 

727
00:41:42,500 --> 00:41:45,500
Three of them are clearly 
clipped, their edges filed down 

728
00:41:45,500 --> 00:41:48,500
to harvest silver. 
One is a half penny that someone

729
00:41:48,500 --> 00:41:51,800
has attempted to pass off as a 
full Penny by cutting it from a 

730
00:41:51,800 --> 00:41:53,500
shilling instead of the usual 
penny. 

731
00:41:55,000 --> 00:41:58,300
The baker notices but accepted 
anyway, at half penny value 

732
00:41:58,300 --> 00:42:02,200
shaking his head at the Eternal 
creativity of cheetahs. 

733
00:42:03,200 --> 00:42:05,200
The amount of mathematics 
required for everyday 

734
00:42:05,200 --> 00:42:07,700
transactions would impress a 
modern accountant? 

735
00:42:08,400 --> 00:42:12,500
12 pennies to a shilling, 20 
shillings to a pound, but the 

736
00:42:12,500 --> 00:42:15,200
pound exists only as an 
accounting unit because there's 

737
00:42:15,200 --> 00:42:19,300
no pound coin. 
You learn to calculate in your 

738
00:42:19,300 --> 00:42:24,500
head, this costs 3 and 6 3 
Shillings and six pence, that 

739
00:42:24,500 --> 00:42:28,300
costs one and three Pence, one 
shilling and three Pence and 

740
00:42:28,300 --> 00:42:31,800
making change requires mental. 
Gymnastics that people Master 

741
00:42:31,800 --> 00:42:35,500
through sheer necessity, not, 
everyone has coins all the time 

742
00:42:35,500 --> 00:42:39,100
in rural areas, especially many 
transactions still happen on 

743
00:42:39,100 --> 00:42:41,500
credit the local blacksmith 
shoes. 

744
00:42:41,500 --> 00:42:45,700
Your horse in April, you pay him
in September after harvest an 

745
00:42:45,700 --> 00:42:49,300
in-between, the debt exists as a
mark in his account book or a 

746
00:42:49,300 --> 00:42:52,800
notch on a tally stick. 
These created Arrangements work 

747
00:42:52,800 --> 00:42:55,500
because communities are small 
enough that everyone knows 

748
00:42:55,500 --> 00:42:58,300
everyone's business and 
reputation matters more than 

749
00:42:58,300 --> 00:43:04,000
ready cash. wages are paid in a 
mixed of coin, and kind Farm 

750
00:43:04,000 --> 00:43:07,000
labor might receive six pence a 
day plus meals and 

751
00:43:07,000 --> 00:43:10,000
accommodation. 
A skilled Craftsman expects. 

752
00:43:10,000 --> 00:43:11,800
A shilling a day. 
Paid on Saturday. 

753
00:43:11,800 --> 00:43:15,800
Evening's often in the nearest 
tavern which is convenient for 

754
00:43:15,800 --> 00:43:18,400
the laborers thirst if not for 
his wife's household budget. 

755
00:43:19,800 --> 00:43:23,100
Domestic servants often receive 
most of their compensation in 

756
00:43:23,100 --> 00:43:26,100
room, bored and clothing with 
actual coins. 

757
00:43:26,100 --> 00:43:27,900
Appearing only once, or twice a 
year. 

758
00:43:28,800 --> 00:43:32,300
You stop at a Tavern for ale and
the price is a penny for a 

759
00:43:32,300 --> 00:43:34,800
quart. 
The AISD in a pewter tankard 

760
00:43:34,800 --> 00:43:37,300
with a line etched inside, 
marking the full measure. 

761
00:43:38,000 --> 00:43:40,700
Because giving customers less 
than they paid for is such a 

762
00:43:40,700 --> 00:43:43,700
universal Temptation that 
countermeasures have become 

763
00:43:43,700 --> 00:43:46,900
necessary. 
The penny you hand over is so 

764
00:43:46,900 --> 00:43:49,100
worn. 
That the portrait is just a 

765
00:43:49,100 --> 00:43:52,800
smooth bump, the text around the
edge, completely eligible, 

766
00:43:53,900 --> 00:43:56,600
Tavern, keeper doesn't care. 
As long as it's silver. 

767
00:43:56,600 --> 00:44:00,200
Approximately the right weight 
and not obviously counterfeit 

768
00:44:00,200 --> 00:44:04,000
its money. 
Counterfeiting, occupies a 

769
00:44:04,000 --> 00:44:06,400
fascinating space between crime 
and crafts. 

770
00:44:07,200 --> 00:44:11,000
The penalty is brutal hanging 
for coiners, burning for their 

771
00:44:11,000 --> 00:44:14,400
wives, but the Temptation 
persists, because the profit 

772
00:44:14,400 --> 00:44:16,900
margin is excellent. 
If you can get away with it. 

773
00:44:18,000 --> 00:44:20,300
Skilled counterfeiters. 
Don't try to fake gold. 

774
00:44:20,300 --> 00:44:24,900
They focus on small silver coins
where the stakes are lower and 

775
00:44:24,900 --> 00:44:27,700
detection harder. 
A decent false Schilling can 

776
00:44:27,708 --> 00:44:31,200
circulate for years before 
someone catches it and by then 

777
00:44:31,200 --> 00:44:34,500
the counterfeiter is spending 
his profits and the poor soul 

778
00:44:34,500 --> 00:44:38,100
holding, the false coin is out, 
the value children learn money, 

779
00:44:38,100 --> 00:44:41,600
the way they learn language 
through immersion and necessity.

780
00:44:42,600 --> 00:44:45,800
6 year old sent to buy bread 
knows that three farthings, make

781
00:44:45,800 --> 00:44:49,400
three quarters of a penny and 
four, farthings make a whole 

782
00:44:49,400 --> 00:44:51,500
one. 
Though, he's probably never seen

783
00:44:51,500 --> 00:44:54,500
an actual Farthing coin because 
they're mostly theoretical. 

784
00:44:55,400 --> 00:44:59,700
He can count out Pence calculate
change and evaluate whether the 

785
00:44:59,700 --> 00:45:03,200
half penny has been handed is 
genuine or suspiciously light. 

786
00:45:04,400 --> 00:45:07,500
Financial literacy isn't 
optional, its survival. 

787
00:45:08,700 --> 00:45:11,100
The sound of coins is part of 
daily life. 

788
00:45:12,000 --> 00:45:15,000
The clink of silver against 
silver as a merchant council's, 

789
00:45:15,000 --> 00:45:19,400
dazed taking the heavier, thunk 
of a gold coin, dropped onto a 

790
00:45:19,400 --> 00:45:22,900
counting table, the rattle of 
pennies in a Beggars cup. 

791
00:45:22,908 --> 00:45:26,500
The jingle of a full purse 
against someone's hip as they 

792
00:45:26,508 --> 00:45:29,300
walk. 
Each sound has meaning to ears 

793
00:45:29,300 --> 00:45:34,200
train to hear it lost coins are 
a recurring minor tragedy, drop 

794
00:45:34,200 --> 00:45:36,300
a penny in the street Mark and 
London. 

795
00:45:36,300 --> 00:45:39,400
Street Market is formidable and 
it's gone unless you're willing 

796
00:45:39,400 --> 00:45:41,800
to grope through the filth 
Schilling. 

797
00:45:41,800 --> 00:45:44,900
That slips through a hole in 
your pocket and disappears into 

798
00:45:44,900 --> 00:45:47,500
the straw bedding at in will 
never be seen again. 

799
00:45:48,400 --> 00:45:50,600
These losses are frequent 
enough, that most people 

800
00:45:50,600 --> 00:45:55,100
calculate them into their annual
budget. category of expense that

801
00:45:55,100 --> 00:45:59,900
can't be avoided, only absorbed 
The physical condition of coins 

802
00:45:59,900 --> 00:46:02,800
tells stories, a shilling with a
hole drill through. 

803
00:46:02,800 --> 00:46:06,000
It was someone's luck charm. 
Strung on a cord and worn around

804
00:46:06,000 --> 00:46:08,800
the neck. 
Penny bent nearly in half was 

805
00:46:08,800 --> 00:46:10,500
probably run over by a 
cartwheel. 

806
00:46:11,200 --> 00:46:13,800
The smooth ones have been 
handled by thousands of people. 

807
00:46:13,800 --> 00:46:18,000
The sharp ones are recent from 
the mint and everyone slightly 

808
00:46:18,000 --> 00:46:20,500
suspicious of them. 
Because new coins are so rarely 

809
00:46:20,500 --> 00:46:24,900
seen that their presence demands
explanation, a Days, End you 

810
00:46:24,900 --> 00:46:29,000
count your remaining coins to 
Shillings, seven, Pence and 

811
00:46:29,000 --> 00:46:32,100
three farthings. 
This is well enough for a week's

812
00:46:32,100 --> 00:46:34,900
food if you're careful or a 
single memorable evening. 

813
00:46:34,900 --> 00:46:38,200
If you're not the coins will be 
spent and earned again 

814
00:46:38,200 --> 00:46:42,500
circulating endlessly through an
economy that runs on small 

815
00:46:42,500 --> 00:46:46,500
denomination of silver and 
Promises of payment yet to come 

816
00:46:47,300 --> 00:46:50,700
the system works more or less 
because everyone participates 

817
00:46:50,700 --> 00:46:52,800
and no one has a better 
alternative. 

818
00:46:53,900 --> 00:46:57,300
The year is 1810 and your 
standing in the new Royal Mint 

819
00:46:57,300 --> 00:47:00,600
building at Tower Hill, watching
something that would have amazed

820
00:47:00,600 --> 00:47:03,500
your ancestors machines making 
coins. 

821
00:47:04,700 --> 00:47:08,200
Not Craftsmen with hammers and 
dies, but mechanical presses 

822
00:47:08,200 --> 00:47:11,900
driven by steam. 
Power stamping out coins with a 

823
00:47:11,900 --> 00:47:14,500
speed and precision that seems 
almost Supernatural. 

824
00:47:15,200 --> 00:47:19,000
This is Bolton's Revolution and 
it's changing everything about 

825
00:47:19,000 --> 00:47:22,700
how Britain makes its money. 
Matthew Boulton, a Birmingham, 

826
00:47:22,700 --> 00:47:25,700
industrialist, with interest in 
steam engines, and metalworking 

827
00:47:25,700 --> 00:47:29,600
has transformed coin production 
from a craft into an industry. 

828
00:47:29,600 --> 00:47:34,000
His steam powered presses can 
strike coins faster than a team 

829
00:47:34,000 --> 00:47:37,700
of men and more importantly, 
each coin is identical to the 

830
00:47:37,700 --> 00:47:40,300
last no more. 
Variations in thickness. 

831
00:47:40,300 --> 00:47:43,400
No more off-center strikes. 
No more hand. 

832
00:47:43,400 --> 00:47:46,400
Filing rough edges. 
The machine doesn't get tired. 

833
00:47:46,400 --> 00:47:49,400
Doesn't get drunk and doesn't 
have off days. 

834
00:47:50,300 --> 00:47:53,400
It just produces coins hundreds 
per hour. 

835
00:47:53,400 --> 00:47:57,800
Each one a perfect copy of the 
last you pick up a freshly 

836
00:47:57,800 --> 00:48:00,600
struck penny, A large copper 
coin. 

837
00:48:00,600 --> 00:48:03,300
That's replaced the tiny silver,
pennies of earlier. 

838
00:48:03,300 --> 00:48:07,600
Centuries, it still warm from 
the press and the detail is 

839
00:48:07,600 --> 00:48:10,600
extraordinary. 
You can see individual strands 

840
00:48:10,600 --> 00:48:13,900
in britannia's hair count. 
The waves in the ocean beneath 

841
00:48:13,900 --> 00:48:16,900
her and read the tiny letters 
that Circle The Edge. 

842
00:48:17,800 --> 00:48:21,100
This level of precision was 
impossible with hand striking, 

843
00:48:21,100 --> 00:48:24,800
where each blow of the hammer 
created unique variations. 

844
00:48:24,800 --> 00:48:28,600
The new pennies are in a very 
real sense, mass-produced art. 

845
00:48:28,600 --> 00:48:32,100
The mechanization solves several
problems that have plagued 

846
00:48:32,100 --> 00:48:35,700
British coinage for centuries. 
Clipping and filing become 

847
00:48:35,700 --> 00:48:39,500
pointless because the raised Rim
protects the edge counterfeiting

848
00:48:39,500 --> 00:48:42,300
becomes much harder because the 
mechanical Precision is 

849
00:48:42,300 --> 00:48:45,500
difficult to replicate without 
access to the same expensive 

850
00:48:45,500 --> 00:48:48,800
equipment. 
Quality control becomes possible

851
00:48:48,800 --> 00:48:51,500
through sampling rather than 
examining every coin 

852
00:48:51,500 --> 00:48:54,300
individually. 
The new system isn't just 

853
00:48:54,300 --> 00:48:57,100
faster. 
It's fundamentally better. 

854
00:48:58,100 --> 00:49:00,500
Copper coins are themselves 
revolutionary. 

855
00:49:01,300 --> 00:49:04,500
For most of British history, 
small change has been a 

856
00:49:04,500 --> 00:49:08,200
nightmare of clipped silver, 
pennies worn out, farthings and 

857
00:49:08,200 --> 00:49:11,200
foreign coins that circulate 
because there's nothing else 

858
00:49:11,200 --> 00:49:16,100
available. the copper penny half
penny and fathering provide 

859
00:49:16,100 --> 00:49:19,900
reliable, small denomination 
coins for the first time They're

860
00:49:19,900 --> 00:49:22,600
not precious metal, so no one 
bothers, melting them down, 

861
00:49:22,600 --> 00:49:25,100
their larger enough, to be 
difficult to lose. 

862
00:49:25,100 --> 00:49:28,900
But small enough to be practical
They're the perfect money for an

863
00:49:28,900 --> 00:49:32,500
industrial economy, where 
workers received daily wages and

864
00:49:32,500 --> 00:49:36,500
make small purchases. 
The steam presses produce coins?

865
00:49:36,500 --> 00:49:40,200
So efficiently that the mint can
actually keep up with demand, 

866
00:49:40,200 --> 00:49:44,700
which is a historical first. 
Previous mints operated more 

867
00:49:44,700 --> 00:49:48,800
like custom workshops striking 
coins in batches when required 

868
00:49:48,800 --> 00:49:50,600
but never quite producing 
enough. 

869
00:49:51,500 --> 00:49:53,700
Bolton's operation runs 
continuously. 

870
00:49:53,700 --> 00:49:58,800
Turning out tens of thousands of
coins Daily building up reserves

871
00:49:58,800 --> 00:50:00,400
that can be distributed as 
needed. 

872
00:50:01,400 --> 00:50:03,800
For the first time in British 
history, there's enough small 

873
00:50:03,800 --> 00:50:07,300
change to go around. 
You watch as blank copper disks 

874
00:50:07,300 --> 00:50:11,500
planches in mint, terminology 
feed into the Press. 

875
00:50:12,400 --> 00:50:16,100
The Press comes down with 
tremendous Force stamping, both 

876
00:50:16,100 --> 00:50:19,200
sides, simultaneously, and raise
the rim in the same operation. 

877
00:50:20,200 --> 00:50:22,900
The strut coin slides out the 
other side, where a worker 

878
00:50:22,900 --> 00:50:24,800
checks it and tosses it into a 
bin. 

879
00:50:24,800 --> 00:50:28,300
With thousands of identical 
twins, the whole process takes 

880
00:50:28,300 --> 00:50:30,700
second and all ready. 
Another blank is being 

881
00:50:30,700 --> 00:50:33,800
positioned. 
The industrialization of minting

882
00:50:33,800 --> 00:50:37,200
creates new jobs. 
While destroying old ones, the 

883
00:50:37,200 --> 00:50:40,200
money is whose families had 
struck coins for Generations, 

884
00:50:40,200 --> 00:50:44,600
find their skills obsolete. 
The new mint needs machine 

885
00:50:44,600 --> 00:50:49,400
operators, mechanics and 
Engineers different skills for a

886
00:50:49,400 --> 00:50:52,100
different era. 
Some of the old craftsman adapt 

887
00:50:52,100 --> 00:50:55,600
others retire, bitter about 
progress and what its cost them 

888
00:50:55,600 --> 00:50:59,000
change. 
Always has casualties the copper

889
00:50:59,000 --> 00:51:01,300
coins, develop their own 
character through use. 

890
00:51:02,100 --> 00:51:04,100
Fresh from the mint, they're 
bright and orange. 

891
00:51:04,900 --> 00:51:07,600
After a few weeks in 
circulation, they develop a 

892
00:51:07,600 --> 00:51:09,800
brown. 
Patina after years. 

893
00:51:09,800 --> 00:51:12,700
They turned nearly black, 
though, the raised details 

894
00:51:12,700 --> 00:51:16,100
remain readable. 
Victorian pennies will circulate

895
00:51:16,100 --> 00:51:20,800
for decades moving from pocket 
to pocket accumulating the grime

896
00:51:20,800 --> 00:51:24,500
of countless transactions and 
developing their own individual 

897
00:51:24,500 --> 00:51:27,700
wear patterns. 
Bolton's technological 

898
00:51:27,700 --> 00:51:31,500
innovations, extend beyond the 
presses, the minting corporates 

899
00:51:31,500 --> 00:51:34,500
quality control systems, that 
would seem familiar to Modern 

900
00:51:34,500 --> 00:51:36,700
manufacturers. 
Statistical. 

901
00:51:36,700 --> 00:51:41,000
Sampling regular testing of 
metal Purity and verification 

902
00:51:41,000 --> 00:51:43,700
that each die, produces 
consistent results. 

903
00:51:44,500 --> 00:51:48,500
The goal is uniformity at scale 
and the new systems largely 

904
00:51:48,500 --> 00:51:52,000
achieve it. 
Penny struck in a 1810 ways the 

905
00:51:52,000 --> 00:51:56,400
same as one struck in 1830 
contains the same copper content

906
00:51:56,400 --> 00:51:58,100
and bears. 
The same design. 

907
00:51:59,500 --> 00:52:02,800
This consistency is 
unprecedented the public 

908
00:52:02,800 --> 00:52:07,500
response to the new coins is 
enthusiastic finally changed. 

909
00:52:07,500 --> 00:52:11,100
That actually works no more 
shortages of small 

910
00:52:11,100 --> 00:52:14,600
denominations, no more 
suspicions about clipped coins 

911
00:52:14,600 --> 00:52:18,100
and no more arguments with 
shopkeepers about whether Warren

912
00:52:18,100 --> 00:52:21,400
pennies should be accepted. 
The new copper coins are 

913
00:52:21,400 --> 00:52:24,400
reliable and reliability and 
money is worth more than the 

914
00:52:24,400 --> 00:52:28,100
metal they're made from. 
But the Industrial Revolution in

915
00:52:28,100 --> 00:52:30,700
minting isn't just about 
mechanics and efficiency. 

916
00:52:31,400 --> 00:52:34,400
It's about capacity. 
Britain's economy is growing 

917
00:52:34,400 --> 00:52:37,700
faster than ever driven by 
factories and Railways and 

918
00:52:37,700 --> 00:52:41,000
expanding trade. 
The old handicraft methods of 

919
00:52:41,008 --> 00:52:43,500
coin production, couldn't 
possibly keep Pace. 

920
00:52:43,500 --> 00:52:47,700
The new industrial minting makes
economic growth possible by 

921
00:52:47,700 --> 00:52:50,400
ensuring that the physical 
medium of exchange doesn't 

922
00:52:50,400 --> 00:52:53,800
become a bottle neck. 
When you're economy is doubling 

923
00:52:53,800 --> 00:52:56,700
in size every few decades, you 
need Machinery. 

924
00:52:56,700 --> 00:52:58,800
That can double coin production 
to match. 

925
00:52:59,700 --> 00:53:03,800
Foreign countries take notice. 
Bolton's mint receives orders 

926
00:53:03,800 --> 00:53:09,000
from around the world striking 
coins for Russia, Denmark, India

927
00:53:09,000 --> 00:53:13,600
and various Latin American 
Republics British minting 

928
00:53:13,600 --> 00:53:16,400
technology becomes an export in 
its own, right? 

929
00:53:16,400 --> 00:53:20,100
Spreading the steam, powered 
Revolution to Mint houses from 

930
00:53:20,100 --> 00:53:24,200
Saint Petersburg to Calcutta. 
The skills and Equipment 

931
00:53:24,200 --> 00:53:28,500
developed at Tower Hill become 
Global standards as the 19th 

932
00:53:28,500 --> 00:53:33,200
century progresses further 
Innovations arrive by the 1860s.

933
00:53:33,200 --> 00:53:36,600
The minted adopted fully 
automated systems were a single 

934
00:53:36,600 --> 00:53:38,100
worker. 
Could oversee machines that 

935
00:53:38,100 --> 00:53:42,500
sought count and bag coins 
without human hands touching 

936
00:53:42,500 --> 00:53:45,400
them. 
The transformation from medieval

937
00:53:45,400 --> 00:53:48,500
craft a modern industry is 
complete coins. 

938
00:53:48,500 --> 00:53:51,800
Have become industrial products 
manufactured with the same 

939
00:53:51,800 --> 00:53:56,100
principles of efficiency and 
standardization as the textiles 

940
00:53:56,100 --> 00:54:00,000
iron goods and locomotives that 
characterize the age. 

941
00:54:00,800 --> 00:54:02,100
You leave the mint with a 
pocket. 

942
00:54:02,100 --> 00:54:05,100
Full of new pennies. 
Each one identical to its 

943
00:54:05,100 --> 00:54:08,400
fellows, each one, A Small 
Miracle of industrial 

944
00:54:08,400 --> 00:54:11,600
production. 
In your great grandfather's 

945
00:54:11,600 --> 00:54:13,300
time. 
These coins would have been 

946
00:54:13,300 --> 00:54:15,200
struck individually by 
Craftsman. 

947
00:54:16,100 --> 00:54:20,600
Now they flow from machines in 
an endless stream markers of an 

948
00:54:20,600 --> 00:54:24,800
age that values quantity and 
consistently an age that is 

949
00:54:24,800 --> 00:54:27,400
learned to manufacture 
everything even money. 

950
00:54:28,700 --> 00:54:33,400
February 15th, 1971 marks, the 
end of a monetary system that 

951
00:54:33,400 --> 00:54:37,000
has served Britain for over a 
millennium today, is decimal day

952
00:54:37,000 --> 00:54:38,900
and your helping, your 
grandmother understand. 

953
00:54:38,900 --> 00:54:42,700
Why her family's and Pence are 
being replaced by a new system 

954
00:54:42,700 --> 00:54:45,800
of pounds and new Pence that 
makes her deeply suspicious. 

955
00:54:47,100 --> 00:54:50,400
She's lived through two world 
wars but this change in the 

956
00:54:50,400 --> 00:54:52,700
money, feels more disruptive 
than either of them. 

957
00:54:52,700 --> 00:54:56,600
The old System, 12 Pence to the 
Schilling 20 shillings to the 

958
00:54:56,600 --> 00:55:00,200
pound has become a running joke 
in a world, moving toward 

959
00:55:00,200 --> 00:55:04,800
metric, standards and decimal. 
Calculations adding up three 

960
00:55:04,800 --> 00:55:07,800
pounds, 17, Shillings and nine 
Pence requires, mental 

961
00:55:07,800 --> 00:55:11,600
gymnastics that mystify 
foreigners and frustrate school 

962
00:55:11,600 --> 00:55:17,600
children, The new system is 
brutally simple. 100 new Pence 

963
00:55:17,600 --> 00:55:21,300
to the pound division by 10 at 
every level and easy 

964
00:55:21,300 --> 00:55:23,500
calculation. 
Even for people who struggled 

965
00:55:23,500 --> 00:55:27,600
with the older arithmetic, For 
weeks before D-Day, as the Press

966
00:55:27,600 --> 00:55:32,300
calls, it shops of displayed 
dual pricing bread costs, one 

967
00:55:32,300 --> 00:55:36,200
shilling and six pence or seven 
and a half new Pence. 

968
00:55:36,900 --> 00:55:39,600
The newspaper is 5 Pence or two 
new Pence. 

969
00:55:39,600 --> 00:55:42,300
People practice converting 
though. 

970
00:55:42,300 --> 00:55:44,700
The conversions don't always 
work out to meet numbers. 

971
00:55:44,700 --> 00:55:48,600
That's part of the problem part 
of why the change over requires 

972
00:55:48,600 --> 00:55:53,700
justement. 5 old pennies equal, 
roughly two new pentz, but 

973
00:55:53,700 --> 00:55:56,100
roughly isn't how money is 
supposed to work. 

974
00:55:57,000 --> 00:56:00,600
The new coins themselves are 
curious things, the new penny is

975
00:56:00,600 --> 00:56:02,500
larger than the old one made of 
bronze. 

976
00:56:02,500 --> 00:56:06,400
Like its predecessor but much 
bigger and attempt to prevent 

977
00:56:06,400 --> 00:56:09,800
confusion. 
The new half penny is Tiny 

978
00:56:09,800 --> 00:56:13,600
almost Twilight and people 
immediately start losing them. 

979
00:56:14,700 --> 00:56:17,800
The five and ten new Pence coins
are the same size and 

980
00:56:17,800 --> 00:56:20,800
composition as the old Shillings
and Florence. 

981
00:56:21,600 --> 00:56:24,600
Which helps with transition but 
create its own confusion. 

982
00:56:25,500 --> 00:56:28,800
Your grandmother holds up a new 
50 pence piece and her 

983
00:56:28,800 --> 00:56:32,400
expression suggests, she's not 
impressed, it's seven-sided 

984
00:56:32,400 --> 00:56:34,800
which strikes her as 
geometrically perverse. 

985
00:56:35,400 --> 00:56:38,500
Coins should be round. 
She declares you can't really 

986
00:56:38,500 --> 00:56:40,800
argue with the logic. 
Even though you understand that 

987
00:56:40,800 --> 00:56:44,800
the odd shape makes the coin 
easy to identify by touch The 

988
00:56:44,800 --> 00:56:47,500
designers of anticipated, a 
future, where blind and 

989
00:56:47,500 --> 00:56:50,300
partially sighted, people need 
to distinguish coins without 

990
00:56:50,300 --> 00:56:52,700
looking at them. 
But your grandmother sees, only 

991
00:56:52,700 --> 00:56:55,000
a violation of proper circular 
coinless. 

992
00:56:55,700 --> 00:56:58,800
The changeover has been planned 
with characteristic, British 

993
00:56:58,800 --> 00:57:03,900
thoroughness Banks of trained 
staff shops, have utils and 

994
00:57:03,900 --> 00:57:06,500
public education campaigns of 
run for months. 

995
00:57:07,500 --> 00:57:10,000
Still chaos Reigns in the early 
Days. 

996
00:57:10,000 --> 00:57:14,500
Elderly customers, struggle with
unfamiliar denominations till 

997
00:57:14,500 --> 00:57:18,100
workers make mistakes. 
Some shops, use the change over 

998
00:57:18,100 --> 00:57:21,500
as cover for raising prices 
converting, not to the closest 

999
00:57:21,500 --> 00:57:24,600
new Pence, but to the next 
convenient number that happened 

1000
00:57:24,600 --> 00:57:28,800
to be higher. 
The cycle impact runs deeper 

1001
00:57:28,800 --> 00:57:31,500
than the Practical. 
Difficulties money has been 

1002
00:57:31,500 --> 00:57:35,400
pounds Shillings, and pentz for 
so long that the change feels 

1003
00:57:35,400 --> 00:57:40,100
like a betrayal of traditional. 
Crown piece, five Shillings, a 

1004
00:57:40,100 --> 00:57:43,100
quarter of a pound has been part
of the language for centuries. 

1005
00:57:43,900 --> 00:57:47,900
Two and six, two Shillings, and 
Sixpence is how people describe 

1006
00:57:47,900 --> 00:57:50,800
small sums. 
These phrases will persist in 

1007
00:57:50,800 --> 00:57:52,900
speech long. 
After the coins disappear, 

1008
00:57:52,900 --> 00:57:56,000
linguistic, fossils of an 
extinct monetary system. 

1009
00:57:56,800 --> 00:57:59,200
Some coins survived 
decimalisation. 

1010
00:57:59,200 --> 00:58:02,800
The Schilling becomes five new 
Pence and the fluorine becomes 

1011
00:58:02,800 --> 00:58:03,700
10. 
New Pence. 

1012
00:58:04,500 --> 00:58:08,000
Their legal tender in the new 
system, creating a transitional 

1013
00:58:08,000 --> 00:58:11,000
period, where old and new 
coinage circulate together. 

1014
00:58:12,200 --> 00:58:15,200
This is sensible from a 
practical standpoint but adds to

1015
00:58:15,200 --> 00:58:18,300
the confusion. 
Is that a shilling or a 5 Pence 

1016
00:58:18,300 --> 00:58:22,000
piece? 
Well, both and also neither 

1017
00:58:22,000 --> 00:58:24,900
depending on which system you're
using to think about it. 

1018
00:58:26,300 --> 00:58:29,700
The cultural resistance to 
decimalisation has been Fierce 

1019
00:58:29,700 --> 00:58:33,500
letters to newspapers wand of 
chaos, confusion, and inflation.

1020
00:58:33,500 --> 00:58:36,600
Which does indeed follow though,
probably not because of 

1021
00:58:36,608 --> 00:58:40,100
decimalisation. 
Traditionally mourned, the loss 

1022
00:58:40,100 --> 00:58:43,100
of a system that had served 
Britain through Empire and War. 

1023
00:58:44,200 --> 00:58:47,000
Modernizers pointed out that 
Britain was virtually alone. 

1024
00:58:47,000 --> 00:58:50,100
In maintaining such an archaic 
monetary system that 

1025
00:58:50,100 --> 00:58:54,000
decimalisation was inevitable 
and that resistance was futile. 

1026
00:58:55,400 --> 00:58:57,700
Watching your grandmother sought
through her purse. 

1027
00:58:57,700 --> 00:59:01,200
You realize that for her 
generation, this change 

1028
00:59:01,200 --> 00:59:03,700
represents something larger than
new coins. 

1029
00:59:04,600 --> 00:59:07,200
It's another severing of 
connection with the past. 

1030
00:59:07,200 --> 00:59:11,100
Another modernization that 
erases familiar landmarks. 

1031
00:59:12,100 --> 00:59:16,400
She remembers when guineas 21 
Shillings were still used for 

1032
00:59:16,400 --> 00:59:20,700
Prestige transactions. 
She remembers farthings those 

1033
00:59:20,700 --> 00:59:23,600
quarter Penny coins, that 
disappeared in 1960. 

1034
00:59:24,300 --> 00:59:27,500
Each lost denomination is a 
small death of memory. 

1035
00:59:28,400 --> 00:59:31,200
The commonwealth countries that 
had decimalized early offer 

1036
00:59:31,200 --> 00:59:34,600
lessons, not all of them. 
Encouraging Australia's changed 

1037
00:59:34,600 --> 00:59:37,500
over in 1966, went relatively 
smoothly. 

1038
00:59:38,400 --> 00:59:43,200
South Africa's in, 1961 proved 
more difficult each country, had

1039
00:59:43,200 --> 00:59:46,000
to navigate the particular 
challenges of explaining new 

1040
00:59:46,000 --> 00:59:50,700
systems to populations with 
varying levels of numeracy and 

1041
00:59:50,700 --> 00:59:53,400
varying degrees of attachment to
old ways. 

1042
00:59:54,700 --> 00:59:58,400
British decimalisation comes 
with peculiar compromises. 

1043
00:59:59,100 --> 01:00:02,300
The pound is retained, rather 
than replaced with a decimal 

1044
01:00:02,300 --> 01:00:07,800
Noble or Royal a son proposed. 
Because the pound sterling is a 

1045
01:00:07,800 --> 01:00:10,600
brand. 
An internationally recognized 

1046
01:00:10,600 --> 01:00:12,300
currency that shouldn't be 
abandoned. 

1047
01:00:13,600 --> 01:00:15,900
The old penny, farthing 
relationship is roughly 

1048
01:00:15,900 --> 01:00:18,300
preserved in the new penny. 
Half penny relationship, 

1049
01:00:18,300 --> 01:00:23,500
providing some continuity. 
Spend your first decimal pounds 

1050
01:00:23,500 --> 01:00:25,500
in a shop. 
That's clearly struggling with 

1051
01:00:25,500 --> 01:00:28,700
the transition. 
Cashier has to consult to 

1052
01:00:28,700 --> 01:00:31,600
conversion chart for your 
purchase work out, the price in 

1053
01:00:31,600 --> 01:00:34,200
old money first, and then 
convert to new. 

1054
01:00:34,200 --> 01:00:38,000
It's slower than the old system.
At least for now though everyone

1055
01:00:38,000 --> 01:00:40,400
assures you that speed will come
with familiarity. 

1056
01:00:41,500 --> 01:00:44,300
The coins in your change are a 
mixture of old and new 

1057
01:00:44,300 --> 01:00:47,400
Schilling's. 
And five pence pieces jingling 

1058
01:00:47,400 --> 01:00:50,600
together in cheerful disregard 
for which system they're 

1059
01:00:50,600 --> 01:00:54,400
supposed to represent. 
The months after decimalisation 

1060
01:00:54,400 --> 01:00:57,400
reveal both the strengths and 
weaknesses of the new system. 

1061
01:00:58,400 --> 01:01:02,800
Calculation is indeed, easier 
adding up three pounds, 47, and 

1062
01:01:02,800 --> 01:01:06,400
2 pounds. 83 is straightforward 
arithmetic in stead of the mixed

1063
01:01:06,400 --> 01:01:09,500
base nightmare of the old 
system, but the loss of small 

1064
01:01:09,500 --> 01:01:11,900
denomination. 
Gray Nations means prices. 

1065
01:01:11,900 --> 01:01:15,800
Get rounded. 
Often upward the half penny that

1066
01:01:15,800 --> 01:01:18,100
tiny new coin. 
Can't adequately. 

1067
01:01:18,100 --> 01:01:21,900
Replace the range of values that
pennies half pennies and 

1068
01:01:21,900 --> 01:01:27,400
farthings once covered. 
By the end of 1971, most people 

1069
01:01:27,400 --> 01:01:30,100
have adapted. 
The new system is becoming 

1070
01:01:30,100 --> 01:01:32,600
normal. 
The old system already Fading 

1071
01:01:32,600 --> 01:01:36,800
Into Nostalgia children, learn 
decimal money in school and 

1072
01:01:36,800 --> 01:01:39,400
regard their grandparents 
stories of Shillings and 

1073
01:01:39,400 --> 01:01:43,700
thruppence with the same mild 
incomprehension that any 

1074
01:01:43,700 --> 01:01:45,800
generation feels about its 
Elders. 

1075
01:01:45,800 --> 01:01:50,700
Outdated ways. progress, as 
always is measured in the 

1076
01:01:50,700 --> 01:01:54,600
obsolescence of things, once 
considered permanent You're 

1077
01:01:54,600 --> 01:01:56,800
holding a Victorian Penny from 
1891. 

1078
01:01:56,800 --> 01:02:00,800
And as you turn it in your 
hands, you realize this coin has

1079
01:02:00,800 --> 01:02:02,900
lived through more history than 
most people. 

1080
01:02:02,900 --> 01:02:06,600
It was struck in the reign of an
elderly Queen who had died a 

1081
01:02:06,600 --> 01:02:09,000
decade later. 
It circulated through the 

1082
01:02:09,000 --> 01:02:12,800
Edwardian era through the Great 
War through the Jazz Age and the

1083
01:02:12,808 --> 01:02:16,200
depression through another world
war and through the entire 

1084
01:02:16,200 --> 01:02:18,200
second, half of the 20th 
century. 

1085
01:02:19,100 --> 01:02:23,800
This penny is 135 years old and 
it's been witnessing history all

1086
01:02:23,800 --> 01:02:26,600
that time. 
The where on the coin tells 

1087
01:02:26,600 --> 01:02:29,100
stories Britannia is still 
visible. 

1088
01:02:29,100 --> 01:02:31,300
Though. 
Her Trident has been warned 

1089
01:02:31,300 --> 01:02:33,700
smooth and a features of soften 
to abstraction. 

1090
01:02:33,700 --> 01:02:37,500
The date is clear because it's 
in a protected area but the 

1091
01:02:37,500 --> 01:02:40,100
legend around the edge has been 
reduced to a few scattered 

1092
01:02:40,100 --> 01:02:42,800
letters. 
This penny has been handled 

1093
01:02:42,800 --> 01:02:46,200
millions of times. 
Each touch removing a 

1094
01:02:46,200 --> 01:02:50,000
microscopic amount of copper the
accumulated effect of all those 

1095
01:02:50,000 --> 01:02:54,300
touches transforming the coin 
from sharp mint state to this 

1096
01:02:54,300 --> 01:02:58,500
smooth comfortable thinness. 
Every British coin is a 

1097
01:02:58,508 --> 01:03:01,100
historical document, whether it 
knows it or not. 

1098
01:03:02,700 --> 01:03:06,000
The Georgian coins, you find in 
antique shops bear, the portrait

1099
01:03:06,000 --> 01:03:09,200
of a German speaking King and 
Latin inscriptions. 

1100
01:03:09,200 --> 01:03:12,300
Proclaiming his titles over 
territories, the British Empire 

1101
01:03:12,300 --> 01:03:17,800
controlled once controlled, or 
merely claimed to control The 

1102
01:03:17,800 --> 01:03:20,600
Victorian coins chart the 
evolution of a young Queen's 

1103
01:03:20,600 --> 01:03:25,100
profile in to an old empress's. 
A visual record of 63 years of 

1104
01:03:25,100 --> 01:03:27,500
Reign of visible in the 
progression from youthful 

1105
01:03:27,500 --> 01:03:32,300
features to elderly dignity. 
The coins, remember events, 

1106
01:03:32,300 --> 01:03:36,400
their users of forgotten that 
Shilling from 1917 was struck 

1107
01:03:36,400 --> 01:03:40,800
while men died in Flanders mud. 
Its silver content was slightly 

1108
01:03:40,800 --> 01:03:43,800
reduced because the war effort 
needed every available resource.

1109
01:03:44,700 --> 01:03:48,100
This half crown from 1941 Bears.
No, hint of the Blitz. 

1110
01:03:48,900 --> 01:03:50,300
But it was struck in the midst 
of it. 

1111
01:03:50,300 --> 01:03:54,200
The mint workers producing coins
while bombs fell on London. 

1112
01:03:55,200 --> 01:03:59,000
The coins circulated through 
crises and celebrations in 

1113
01:03:59,000 --> 01:04:02,500
different to both simply 
facilitating transactions 

1114
01:04:02,500 --> 01:04:06,400
whether in good times or bad. 
Hoarders are time capsules, 

1115
01:04:06,400 --> 01:04:11,900
someone in 1660 buried, a pot of
coins in their Garden intending 

1116
01:04:11,900 --> 01:04:13,600
to retrieve it. 
When the political situation 

1117
01:04:13,600 --> 01:04:20,200
stabilized they never came back 
plague, perhaps or execution or 

1118
01:04:20,200 --> 01:04:22,100
simply death in the normal 
course of events. 

1119
01:04:23,100 --> 01:04:26,100
The coins, waited, three and a 
half centuries before a metal 

1120
01:04:26,100 --> 01:04:28,200
detectors, beep. 
Brought them back to light. 

1121
01:04:29,100 --> 01:04:33,000
Frozen moment of someone's 
wealth Testament to anxiety as 

1122
01:04:33,000 --> 01:04:36,400
they felt but couldn't escape. 
You examined a coin collection, 

1123
01:04:36,400 --> 01:04:39,200
spanning British history and the
progression is fascinating. 

1124
01:04:39,200 --> 01:04:42,400
The crude medieval pennies were 
hand struck an individually 

1125
01:04:42,400 --> 01:04:46,500
variable the Renaissance coins 
with their claims to divide and 

1126
01:04:46,500 --> 01:04:47,600
their careful. 
Heraldry. 

1127
01:04:48,500 --> 01:04:51,100
The Industrial Revolution, 
copper pennies were mass 

1128
01:04:51,100 --> 01:04:53,700
produced and uniform. 
The modern coins are 

1129
01:04:53,700 --> 01:04:57,800
scientifically designed Alloys, 
chosen for durability and cost 

1130
01:04:57,800 --> 01:04:59,800
rather than precious metal 
content. 

1131
01:05:00,800 --> 01:05:05,600
Each area's coins reflect its 
technology, its values and its 

1132
01:05:05,608 --> 01:05:09,400
understanding of what money 
should be coin's travel. 

1133
01:05:10,200 --> 01:05:13,200
That penny in your pocket might 
have been spent in Cornwall 

1134
01:05:13,200 --> 01:05:17,400
carried to Scotland in someone's
luggage dropped in Cardiff and 

1135
01:05:17,400 --> 01:05:20,800
found by a child taken to London
by that child when they grew up.

1136
01:05:20,800 --> 01:05:27,500
And now it's here, wherever here
is The coin doesn't track its 

1137
01:05:27,500 --> 01:05:30,900
Journey, but the journey 
happened, thousands of miles 

1138
01:05:30,900 --> 01:05:35,600
over decades, pocket, to pocket,
purse to purse, an endless 

1139
01:05:35,600 --> 01:05:38,700
circulation that Maps. 
The economies flows in metal, 

1140
01:05:39,700 --> 01:05:43,000
Propaganda appears on coins 
because everyone handles money. 

1141
01:05:43,800 --> 01:05:46,500
The monarchs portrait is a daily
reminder of authority. 

1142
01:05:47,400 --> 01:05:50,800
Symbols Britannia, The Lion, The
Rose, the Thistle, and the leak,

1143
01:05:50,800 --> 01:05:55,500
reinforced national identity. 
With every transaction during 

1144
01:05:55,500 --> 01:05:58,600
the Commonwealth period. 
The absence of Royal imagery on 

1145
01:05:58,608 --> 01:06:03,000
coins was as much as statement 
as its presents on royalist 

1146
01:06:03,000 --> 01:06:07,500
coins had been Money talks and 
sometimes what it says is 

1147
01:06:07,500 --> 01:06:10,000
political. 
The physical experience of 

1148
01:06:10,000 --> 01:06:13,000
handling old coins connects you 
directly to the Past. 

1149
01:06:14,200 --> 01:06:17,900
Person who last held this 1723 
Shilling died, centuries ago. 

1150
01:06:17,900 --> 01:06:22,500
But for a moment, your fingers 
touch where theirs touched A 

1151
01:06:22,500 --> 01:06:26,100
tangible link across time. 
History isn't abstract when you 

1152
01:06:26,108 --> 01:06:29,700
can feel its texture when you 
can see the wear marks from real

1153
01:06:29,700 --> 01:06:31,000
people's. 
Real hands. 

1154
01:06:31,000 --> 01:06:35,300
Coin designs change slowly 
because familiarity breeds 

1155
01:06:35,300 --> 01:06:39,900
Trust, people need to recognize 
their money instantly and need 

1156
01:06:39,900 --> 01:06:41,900
to know that what they're 
handling is genuine. 

1157
01:06:42,700 --> 01:06:46,800
Radical redesigns are rare, 
incremental changes are common, 

1158
01:06:46,800 --> 01:06:50,300
the portrait might update with a
new monarch but Britannia 

1159
01:06:50,300 --> 01:06:53,700
endures. 
The denominations might decimals

1160
01:06:53,700 --> 01:06:58,300
but the Pounds Sterling 
continues Innovation happens but

1161
01:06:58,300 --> 01:07:01,600
within boundaries set by 
conservatism and the need for 

1162
01:07:01,600 --> 01:07:06,200
instant recognizability. 
Museums display coin Hoards as 

1163
01:07:06,200 --> 01:07:09,700
Windows into economic history 
and the windows reveal 

1164
01:07:09,700 --> 01:07:13,900
unexpected things the mixture of
English and foreign coins. 

1165
01:07:13,900 --> 01:07:17,100
In a medieval horde shows, the 
reality of international trade 

1166
01:07:17,800 --> 01:07:20,200
The absence of small 
denomination in a wealthy 

1167
01:07:20,200 --> 01:07:23,800
households, buried treasure 
reveals how the poor and Rich 

1168
01:07:23,800 --> 01:07:27,200
lived in essentially different 
monetary worlds. 

1169
01:07:27,900 --> 01:07:32,600
The wear patterns on coins show 
which denominations circulated 

1170
01:07:32,600 --> 01:07:37,400
actively and which were hoarded.
You hold a 2020 Penny fresh and 

1171
01:07:37,400 --> 01:07:40,400
modern and realize it's already 
becoming history. 

1172
01:07:41,400 --> 01:07:44,700
Someday, maybe an A Century 
maybe sooner. 

1173
01:07:45,400 --> 01:07:48,200
People will examine this coin 
with the same archaeological 

1174
01:07:48,200 --> 01:07:50,200
interest you bring to Victorian 
pennies. 

1175
01:07:51,000 --> 01:07:53,900
They'll note the alloy 
composition the manufacturing 

1176
01:07:53,900 --> 01:07:56,100
techniques and the design 
choices. 

1177
01:07:56,100 --> 01:07:59,400
They'll wonder about the people 
who use these coins, what they 

1178
01:07:59,400 --> 01:08:03,400
bought with them and what their 
lives were like British coinage 

1179
01:08:03,400 --> 01:08:05,600
has evolved from a regular lumps
of precious. 

1180
01:08:05,600 --> 01:08:10,000
Metal to precisely engineered 
Industrial Products from hand 

1181
01:08:10,000 --> 01:08:14,600
struck artworks to mass produce 
tokens and from intrinsic value 

1182
01:08:14,600 --> 01:08:18,899
to represented value. 
Story of coins, is the story of 

1183
01:08:18,899 --> 01:08:21,200
trust. 
Trust in Authority. 

1184
01:08:21,200 --> 01:08:25,000
Trust in systems trust that 
tomorrow. 

1185
01:08:25,000 --> 01:08:27,899
These metal circles will still 
buy what they buy today. 

1186
01:08:29,300 --> 01:08:33,300
As you drift off to sleep 
tonight, think of all the coins 

1187
01:08:33,300 --> 01:08:37,200
that have passed through all the
hands, the endless circulation 

1188
01:08:37,200 --> 01:08:41,200
of metal tokens, that made 
Commerce possible that funded 

1189
01:08:41,200 --> 01:08:46,100
Wars and fed families, that were
hoarded and spent and lost and 

1190
01:08:46,100 --> 01:08:49,300
found. 
Each coin, a witness to its 

1191
01:08:49,300 --> 01:08:54,100
times each transaction, a thread
in the vast tapestry of economic

1192
01:08:54,100 --> 01:08:57,100
life. 
Each tiny metal Circle, a 

1193
01:08:57,100 --> 01:09:00,800
footnote in the Grand Story of 
human, exchange, the coins. 

1194
01:09:00,800 --> 01:09:04,500
Remember, even when we forget 
and they'll continue their 

1195
01:09:04,500 --> 01:09:07,899
circular Journey's long after 
we're gone carrying value 

1196
01:09:07,899 --> 01:09:11,399
forward into an uncertain future
just as they've carried it 

1197
01:09:11,399 --> 01:09:14,899
through all the centuries past. 
Sweet dreams. 

1198
01:09:20,800 --> 01:09:22,800
Welcome to a Time long before 
writing. 

1199
01:09:23,600 --> 01:09:28,100
Before cities before the named 
ages of History, you're stepping

1200
01:09:28,108 --> 01:09:32,200
into a world shaped by sunlight 
and Seasons where routines are 

1201
01:09:32,200 --> 01:09:35,000
older than memory. 
And the land itself is your 

1202
01:09:35,000 --> 01:09:38,200
calendar. 
Here in these quiet Melania 

1203
01:09:38,200 --> 01:09:42,100
daily life unfolds in patterns. 
So familiar they feel like 

1204
01:09:42,100 --> 01:09:45,899
breathing You wake as light 
filters through the shelter 

1205
01:09:45,899 --> 01:09:50,100
opening, the air is cool but 
softening others are already 

1206
01:09:50,100 --> 01:09:54,200
stirring, adjusting covering and
checking baskets from yesterday.

1207
01:09:55,500 --> 01:09:59,000
No one announced his plans. 
Everyone already knows what the 

1208
01:09:59,000 --> 01:10:01,800
day requires. 
You reach for your Gathering bag

1209
01:10:01,800 --> 01:10:07,800
woven from plant fibers, your 
hands know, intimately, The 

1210
01:10:07,800 --> 01:10:09,700
weight of it across your 
shoulder, feels correct. 

1211
01:10:10,600 --> 01:10:13,300
Your feet, understand the path, 
before you choose it. 

1212
01:10:14,000 --> 01:10:16,100
This route has been walked for 
Generations. 

1213
01:10:16,100 --> 01:10:19,700
Worn Smooth by countless 
footsteps, moving toward the 

1214
01:10:19,700 --> 01:10:23,500
same resources. 
The ground tells you what season

1215
01:10:23,500 --> 01:10:26,400
this is. 
Certain plants have vanished. 

1216
01:10:26,400 --> 01:10:30,400
Others are everywhere, you do 
not need to search for what 

1217
01:10:30,400 --> 01:10:34,500
grows where your memory holds 
Maps more detail than any 

1218
01:10:34,500 --> 01:10:36,900
drawing. 
Could capture that cluster of 

1219
01:10:36,908 --> 01:10:40,400
roots near the flat stone. 
Those berry bushes pass the 

1220
01:10:40,400 --> 01:10:43,300
fallen tree. 
The nut trees on the slope where

1221
01:10:43,300 --> 01:10:47,300
Morning Sun arrives for first 
You walk with two others. 

1222
01:10:47,300 --> 01:10:51,000
Some times three occasionally 
alone though. 

1223
01:10:51,000 --> 01:10:54,500
Rarely Gathering is 
companionable work. 

1224
01:10:55,200 --> 01:10:58,500
You move at the same Pace, pause
pausing, when someone pauses 

1225
01:10:58,500 --> 01:11:02,600
bending, when someone bends 
conversation happens in 

1226
01:11:02,600 --> 01:11:06,600
comfortable stretches and 
silences, no one feels obligated

1227
01:11:06,600 --> 01:11:10,900
to fill every moment with words.
The first stop is a patch of 

1228
01:11:10,908 --> 01:11:12,800
greens. 
You've harvested from since 

1229
01:11:12,800 --> 01:11:17,000
childhood, your hands move 
through the leaves selecting 

1230
01:11:17,000 --> 01:11:22,600
without conscious thought to 
Young two tough to damage your 

1231
01:11:22,600 --> 01:11:26,000
fingers, find the right ones 
automatically you learned this 

1232
01:11:26,000 --> 01:11:30,300
by watching others by trying and
by correcting yourself season 

1233
01:11:30,300 --> 01:11:32,800
after season until it became 
instinct. 

1234
01:11:34,200 --> 01:11:36,800
Everything you gather serves 
multiple purposes. 

1235
01:11:36,800 --> 01:11:40,400
These leaves can be eaten now or
dried for later. 

1236
01:11:40,400 --> 01:11:43,500
The stems can be twisted into 
cordage. 

1237
01:11:43,500 --> 01:11:48,200
Nothing is only one thing. 
Your basket fills slowly. 

1238
01:11:49,000 --> 01:11:52,800
steadily with a mixture 
determined by availability and 

1239
01:11:52,800 --> 01:11:56,400
familiarity rather than 
preference you cross a stream at

1240
01:11:56,400 --> 01:11:59,700
the shallow place the stones 
beneath the water are 

1241
01:11:59,700 --> 01:12:03,700
positioned, just so placed by 
hands or revealed by current 

1242
01:12:04,600 --> 01:12:07,600
Either way, they have been there
longer than you have been alive.

1243
01:12:08,500 --> 01:12:11,700
The Crossing is routine. 
Your feet know where to step 

1244
01:12:11,700 --> 01:12:15,600
without looking down. 
Pass the stream, the landscape 

1245
01:12:15,600 --> 01:12:18,200
shifts. 
Different plants, grow here. 

1246
01:12:18,200 --> 01:12:21,800
Different materials can be found
you adjust your attention. 

1247
01:12:21,800 --> 01:12:24,900
Accordingly. 
This is birch bark territory. 

1248
01:12:24,900 --> 01:12:27,900
This is where clay deposits 
appear off to rain. 

1249
01:12:27,900 --> 01:12:31,400
This is where certain medicinal 
plants clustered near damp 

1250
01:12:31,400 --> 01:12:35,600
ground Time moves differently 
during Gathering, you do not 

1251
01:12:35,600 --> 01:12:40,300
count hours, you notice light in
Stead the Sun reaches a certain 

1252
01:12:40,300 --> 01:12:44,900
angle Shadows Fall, a certain 
way, your body recognizes these 

1253
01:12:44,900 --> 01:12:48,400
markers without naming them when
your basket feels heavy enough, 

1254
01:12:48,400 --> 01:12:51,100
when the lights suggests midday 
approaching you turn back. 

1255
01:12:51,900 --> 01:12:54,200
The return Journey follows the 
same path. 

1256
01:12:54,900 --> 01:12:58,500
Your feet find the stream 
crossing without hesitation you 

1257
01:12:58,500 --> 01:13:01,700
pause. 
Where you always pause at a spot

1258
01:13:01,700 --> 01:13:05,100
where the view opens and you can
see the smoke from campfires 

1259
01:13:05,100 --> 01:13:09,200
rising in the distance. 
This pauses not necessary but it

1260
01:13:09,200 --> 01:13:12,300
is customary. 
A moment to shift the baskets 

1261
01:13:12,300 --> 01:13:16,000
weight to look toward home to 
let your mind settle into the 

1262
01:13:16,000 --> 01:13:18,700
transition from Gathering mode 
to returning mode. 

1263
01:13:19,400 --> 01:13:21,500
Others are arriving from 
different directions. 

1264
01:13:21,500 --> 01:13:25,100
Someone brings fish caught in, 
the shallows someone else, 

1265
01:13:25,100 --> 01:13:28,300
carries an arm load of Woody, 
stems for basket repairs. 

1266
01:13:29,400 --> 01:13:33,000
Few children trail behind their 
adults, holding smaller versions

1267
01:13:33,000 --> 01:13:35,700
of everything. 
The Gathering bags are lighter 

1268
01:13:35,700 --> 01:13:38,400
but they are learning the 
routes, the timing and the 

1269
01:13:38,400 --> 01:13:43,300
plants you set your basket down 
in the usual spot. the contents 

1270
01:13:43,300 --> 01:13:47,200
will be sorted, communally What 
you gather is not solely yours 

1271
01:13:47,200 --> 01:13:49,800
or others gathered is not solely
theirs. 

1272
01:13:49,800 --> 01:13:53,900
Everything becomes a shared 
resource distributed according 

1273
01:13:53,900 --> 01:13:56,800
to need and custom rather than 
individual claim. 

1274
01:13:57,700 --> 01:14:01,100
Some of the greens will be eaten
to day, some will be spread on 

1275
01:14:01,100 --> 01:14:05,100
flat stones to dry in the Sun. 
The process requires no 

1276
01:14:05,100 --> 01:14:07,300
discussion. 
Everyone knows what happens 

1277
01:14:07,300 --> 01:14:09,000
next? 
Your hands. 

1278
01:14:09,000 --> 01:14:12,600
Join others in the Sorting the 
spreading and the gentle 

1279
01:14:12,600 --> 01:14:14,600
handling of what the land is 
provided. 

1280
01:14:15,600 --> 01:14:18,400
Gathering happens. 
Every day that weather permits. 

1281
01:14:19,100 --> 01:14:23,700
Some days, yield abundance. 
Some days yield less neither 

1282
01:14:23,700 --> 01:14:27,100
causes alarm. 
The rhythms of availability are 

1283
01:14:27,100 --> 01:14:29,300
deeply understood. 
Scarcity. 

1284
01:14:29,300 --> 01:14:32,900
And one area means abundance in 
another Its scarcity. 

1285
01:14:32,900 --> 01:14:34,800
This month means abundance next 
month. 

1286
01:14:35,700 --> 01:14:39,200
The land Cycles through its 
offerings and you cycle through 

1287
01:14:39,200 --> 01:14:42,700
the land. 
Your knowledge of plants, 

1288
01:14:42,700 --> 01:14:47,000
extends, Beyond food, you 
recognize, which leaves soothe 

1289
01:14:47,000 --> 01:14:50,800
skin irritation, which Roots 
settle stomach discomfort. 

1290
01:14:51,700 --> 01:14:54,700
Which bark can be chewed to ease
minor pain. 

1291
01:14:54,700 --> 01:14:58,100
This knowledge lives in your 
hands and memory rather than in 

1292
01:14:58,100 --> 01:15:00,500
words. 
You learned it the same way you 

1293
01:15:00,500 --> 01:15:03,400
learned everything else through 
observation and repetition 

1294
01:15:04,400 --> 01:15:08,400
Gathering is not dramatic work. 
It does not provide stories of 

1295
01:15:08,400 --> 01:15:10,700
narrow escapes, or sudden, 
discoveries. 

1296
01:15:11,600 --> 01:15:14,800
It is quiet steady and deeply 
familiar. 

1297
01:15:15,800 --> 01:15:20,300
Your body moves through it with 
the ease of long practice your 

1298
01:15:20,300 --> 01:15:24,700
mind wanders, sometimes returns 
sometimes and needs no 

1299
01:15:24,700 --> 01:15:27,700
particular Focus to accomplish 
what needs accomplishing. 

1300
01:15:28,600 --> 01:15:31,200
The landscape you move through 
is not Wilderness to you. 

1301
01:15:31,200 --> 01:15:34,500
It is home with the specificity 
of long acquaintance. 

1302
01:15:34,500 --> 01:15:39,600
Every Landmark means something 
that Boulder marks the boundary 

1303
01:15:39,600 --> 01:15:43,500
between two types of terrain, 
That distinctive tree indicates 

1304
01:15:43,500 --> 01:15:46,400
the turn off to the clay 
deposits that rise. 

1305
01:15:46,400 --> 01:15:49,200
In the land means your halfway 
between camp and the far 

1306
01:15:49,200 --> 01:15:52,600
Gathering Grounds. 
You return to these places again

1307
01:15:52,600 --> 01:15:56,000
and again, in a cross years. 
Seasons change, what grows? 

1308
01:15:56,000 --> 01:16:01,000
But the land itself remains 
steady the same rocks, the same 

1309
01:16:01,000 --> 01:16:05,300
water sources, the same routes 
worn, Smooth by footsteps. 

1310
01:16:06,100 --> 01:16:08,500
This repetition creates a deep 
sense of security. 

1311
01:16:09,700 --> 01:16:11,900
You are never lost because 
everywhere is known. 

1312
01:16:12,800 --> 01:16:16,500
Children, learn Gathering by 
being present, no one teaches in

1313
01:16:16,500 --> 01:16:20,200
the formal sense. 
Instead children watch imitate, 

1314
01:16:20,200 --> 01:16:23,800
try and adjust. 
They pick the wrong plant 

1315
01:16:23,800 --> 01:16:28,300
sometimes their baskets remain 
light gradually over Year's the 

1316
01:16:28,300 --> 01:16:30,700
hands. 
Learn what your hands know, the 

1317
01:16:30,700 --> 01:16:34,000
knowledge transfers through 
proximity and time rather than 

1318
01:16:34,000 --> 01:16:40,100
Construction Has the sun moves 
past midday Gathering slows 

1319
01:16:40,100 --> 01:16:43,100
people drift back to camp in 
loose clusters. 

1320
01:16:43,800 --> 01:16:46,300
The work is not finished in the 
sense of completion. 

1321
01:16:47,200 --> 01:16:51,000
It simply pauses until tomorrow 
when it will resume exactly as 

1322
01:16:51,000 --> 01:16:54,800
it has today as it did 
yesterday, and it will continue 

1323
01:16:54,800 --> 01:16:58,200
for as long as Seasons turn and 
plants grow and hands. 

1324
01:16:58,200 --> 01:17:03,000
Remember what to gather In the 
afternoon you settle into work. 

1325
01:17:03,000 --> 01:17:05,200
That requires less movement and 
more patients. 

1326
01:17:05,200 --> 01:17:08,500
Your hands are already reaching 
for the basket that needs 

1327
01:17:08,500 --> 01:17:11,600
attention. 
It's Rim has loosened the 

1328
01:17:11,600 --> 01:17:13,500
weaving has gaps where it should
be tight. 

1329
01:17:13,500 --> 01:17:17,500
This happens regularly, 
everything made eventually needs

1330
01:17:17,500 --> 01:17:20,500
remaking. 
You sit on the ground in a spot 

1331
01:17:20,500 --> 01:17:24,700
where light falls, well others, 
sit nearby each focused on their

1332
01:17:24,700 --> 01:17:27,700
own repairs. 
Someone is smoothing a wooden 

1333
01:17:27,700 --> 01:17:30,200
digging tool someone else's 
reworking. 

1334
01:17:30,200 --> 01:17:33,800
Cordage that is frayed. 
The atmosphere is quietly. 

1335
01:17:33,800 --> 01:17:38,100
Industrious people work steadily
without hurry repairing. 

1336
01:17:38,100 --> 01:17:40,500
A basket means understanding how
it was made. 

1337
01:17:41,400 --> 01:17:44,200
Your fingers trace the weaving 
pattern reading it, like 

1338
01:17:44,200 --> 01:17:48,100
language over under around 
through. 

1339
01:17:49,400 --> 01:17:51,500
The pattern has been the same 
for longer than memory. 

1340
01:17:52,200 --> 01:17:55,600
You learned it by watching your 
Mother's Hands just as she 

1341
01:17:55,600 --> 01:17:58,600
learned by watching her mother's
hands the knowledge lives in 

1342
01:17:58,600 --> 01:18:01,400
muscle memory. 
Now you separate the damaged 

1343
01:18:01,400 --> 01:18:05,400
fibers carefully noting is 
discarded, that can be saved. 

1344
01:18:05,400 --> 01:18:08,000
Even worn pieces might be 
useful. 

1345
01:18:08,000 --> 01:18:11,400
Elsewhere, waste is not a 
concept that exists here, 

1346
01:18:11,400 --> 01:18:15,200
everything serves until it, 
truly cannot serve anymore and 

1347
01:18:15,200 --> 01:18:17,600
even then it's materials often 
become something else. 

1348
01:18:18,600 --> 01:18:21,100
New fibers have been soaking in 
water since morning. 

1349
01:18:21,100 --> 01:18:24,800
They need to be pliable your 
hands, test their flexibility 

1350
01:18:24,800 --> 01:18:29,300
knowing exactly how much give 
the material should have to dry 

1351
01:18:29,300 --> 01:18:32,400
and it will crack too wet and it
will stretch in correctly. 

1352
01:18:33,600 --> 01:18:36,600
The proper stage is something 
you recognize by feel. 

1353
01:18:37,700 --> 01:18:40,900
Reweaving requires completed 
tension but not tense 

1354
01:18:40,900 --> 01:18:43,800
concentration. 
Your hands know what to do. 

1355
01:18:44,700 --> 01:18:48,900
They have done this many times. 
The work becomes meditative over

1356
01:18:48,900 --> 01:18:54,000
under around through The rhythm 
is soothing. 

1357
01:18:54,700 --> 01:18:57,700
Your mind can wander while your 
hands continue accurately. 

1358
01:18:58,700 --> 01:19:01,000
Nearby. 
Someone is working on a hide. 

1359
01:19:01,000 --> 01:19:02,800
Scraping its smooth with a stone
tool. 

1360
01:19:03,700 --> 01:19:07,800
Sound is steady and repetitive. 
Scraping hides takes hours, 

1361
01:19:07,800 --> 01:19:10,600
sometimes days depending on size
and thickness. 

1362
01:19:11,400 --> 01:19:15,500
No one works on a continuously. 
Instead people work in shifts, 

1363
01:19:15,500 --> 01:19:18,900
picking it up when the hands 
need a break from other tasks 

1364
01:19:18,900 --> 01:19:21,700
and setting it down. 
When their arms Tire, another 

1365
01:19:21,700 --> 01:19:27,100
person is repairing a garment 
has split the original sinus 

1366
01:19:27,100 --> 01:19:30,300
stitching as worn through. 
They're using an all made from 

1367
01:19:30,300 --> 01:19:33,400
bone, creating new holes, 
threading, new sinew, and 

1368
01:19:33,400 --> 01:19:37,100
pulling everything snug The 
repair will be visible if you 

1369
01:19:37,100 --> 01:19:39,200
look closely, but visibility 
does not matter. 

1370
01:19:40,100 --> 01:19:43,000
Function matters. 
Clothes are not replaced off. 

1371
01:19:43,008 --> 01:19:47,500
Often make you garments require 
substantial time and materials. 

1372
01:19:47,500 --> 01:19:53,400
Instead, everything is repairs, 
adjusted repaired again passed 

1373
01:19:53,400 --> 01:19:57,600
to someone else and repair. 
Once more, Single-high garment 

1374
01:19:57,600 --> 01:20:00,000
might be worn by three different
people across many years 

1375
01:20:00,000 --> 01:20:03,400
accumulating patches and 
alterations that tell its 

1376
01:20:03,400 --> 01:20:06,000
history. 
You finish the basket rim and 

1377
01:20:06,000 --> 01:20:09,800
begin tightening the body weave.
Your fingers work systematically

1378
01:20:09,800 --> 01:20:14,100
section by section, finding 
loose spots and correcting them.

1379
01:20:14,100 --> 01:20:18,300
This is satisfying work. 
You can see Improvement as you 

1380
01:20:18,300 --> 01:20:21,100
progress. 
The basket becomes sturdy again 

1381
01:20:21,108 --> 01:20:24,700
trustworthy again and ready for 
tomorrow's Gathering. 

1382
01:20:25,700 --> 01:20:29,900
Tools receive similar attention,
digging sticks, where down and 

1383
01:20:29,900 --> 01:20:33,500
must be resharpen or replaced 
grinding Stones. 

1384
01:20:33,500 --> 01:20:36,000
Develop grooves, from use and 
need resurfacing. 

1385
01:20:37,200 --> 01:20:41,200
Grape has become dull and 
require extra renewal everything

1386
01:20:41,200 --> 01:20:43,700
wears, everything needs 
maintenance. 

1387
01:20:44,600 --> 01:20:47,900
The maintenance is not viewed. 
As an interruption it is simply 

1388
01:20:47,900 --> 01:20:51,300
part of us. 
Making and repairing exist on 

1389
01:20:51,300 --> 01:20:53,600
the same. 
Continuum, you do not make 

1390
01:20:53,600 --> 01:20:56,300
something expecting it to last 
forever unchanged. 

1391
01:20:56,300 --> 01:20:59,100
You make something expecting to 
care for it? 

1392
01:20:59,100 --> 01:21:01,900
Adjust it and eventually remake 
it. 

1393
01:21:02,900 --> 01:21:06,300
Some repairs happen immediately.
When damage occurs others, 

1394
01:21:06,300 --> 01:21:09,800
accumulate until you have time 
there is always a pile of items 

1395
01:21:09,800 --> 01:21:13,100
awaiting attention. 
No one feels behind or anxious 

1396
01:21:13,100 --> 01:21:16,600
about this pile, it represents 
ongoing life rather than 

1397
01:21:16,600 --> 01:21:19,800
incomplete tasks. 
As long as people use objects 

1398
01:21:19,800 --> 01:21:23,600
objects will need repair 
Children, participate. 

1399
01:21:23,600 --> 01:21:26,800
According to Ability young ones,
hold material steady. 

1400
01:21:27,800 --> 01:21:30,200
Slightly older ones, practice 
simple weaving on their own 

1401
01:21:30,200 --> 01:21:33,000
small projects, they make 
mistakes frequently. 

1402
01:21:34,500 --> 01:21:37,000
The mistakes are gently 
corrected or left to be 

1403
01:21:37,008 --> 01:21:40,600
discovered through use. 
Learning Happens through doing 

1404
01:21:40,600 --> 01:21:43,300
rather than through extensive 
verbal instruction. 

1405
01:21:44,200 --> 01:21:47,600
You watch a child working on 
cordage twisting fibers 

1406
01:21:47,600 --> 01:21:50,500
together. 
The twist is inconsistent. 

1407
01:21:50,500 --> 01:21:53,800
Some sections are too loose, 
some too tight. 

1408
01:21:53,800 --> 01:21:56,000
You do not point this out 
immediately. 

1409
01:21:56,000 --> 01:22:00,000
Instead you work on your own 
cordage nearby. 

1410
01:22:00,000 --> 01:22:03,500
Your hands, moving in the 
correct Rhythm where the child 

1411
01:22:03,500 --> 01:22:07,200
can observe. 
After a while the child's hands 

1412
01:22:07,200 --> 01:22:10,000
begin adjusting naturally? 
Finding better rhythm. 

1413
01:22:11,000 --> 01:22:13,600
Materials for making and 
repairing a gather to 

1414
01:22:13,600 --> 01:22:16,600
continuously. 
You cannot collect plant fibers.

1415
01:22:16,600 --> 01:22:20,600
Only when you need plant fibers,
instead you collect them when 

1416
01:22:20,600 --> 01:22:24,000
they are available process. 
Them, when there is time and 

1417
01:22:24,000 --> 01:22:27,800
store them for eventual, use 
this requires thinking ahead 

1418
01:22:27,800 --> 01:22:31,400
across Seasons, remembering what
will be needed when storage 

1419
01:22:31,400 --> 01:22:35,500
itself requires maintenance. 
Dried materials must stay dry, 

1420
01:22:35,500 --> 01:22:39,400
certain items need to be kept 
away from certain other items, 

1421
01:22:39,400 --> 01:22:44,200
stone tools, organized by use 
plant materials are organized by

1422
01:22:44,200 --> 01:22:47,100
type. 
Everything has a place not 

1423
01:22:47,100 --> 01:22:50,300
because of rigid rules but 
because efficiency emerges 

1424
01:22:50,300 --> 01:22:54,600
naturally from repetition As 
afternoon stretches toward 

1425
01:22:54,600 --> 01:22:57,000
evening. 
The pace of repair work does not

1426
01:22:57,000 --> 01:22:59,000
change. 
There is no hurry. 

1427
01:22:59,000 --> 01:23:02,700
These tasks will either be 
completed today or continued 

1428
01:23:02,700 --> 01:23:05,400
tomorrow. 
Stopping Midway through a repair

1429
01:23:05,400 --> 01:23:08,500
is perfectly normal. 
You set the basket aside when 

1430
01:23:08,500 --> 01:23:10,100
your hands tell you, they have 
worked enough. 

1431
01:23:10,100 --> 01:23:13,500
Someone else might pick it up 
later, or you might return to it

1432
01:23:13,500 --> 01:23:16,100
tomorrow. 
The work creates a rhythm that 

1433
01:23:16,100 --> 01:23:19,400
structures the day. 
Gathering happens in the morning

1434
01:23:19,400 --> 01:23:22,800
when energy is higher and light 
is better repair. 

1435
01:23:22,800 --> 01:23:25,800
Work happens in the afternoon 
when sitting feels natural and 

1436
01:23:25,800 --> 01:23:29,300
detail Works suits the softer 
light, this pattern is not 

1437
01:23:29,300 --> 01:23:33,600
scheduled, it's simply emerges 
from the natural flow of energy 

1438
01:23:33,600 --> 01:23:37,000
and need People develop 
Specialties through preference 

1439
01:23:37,000 --> 01:23:40,600
and aptitude someone has 
particularly skilled hands for 

1440
01:23:40,600 --> 01:23:43,500
fine weaving. 
Someone else has strength. 

1441
01:23:43,500 --> 01:23:47,500
Well suited for hide scraping. 
But specialization is never 

1442
01:23:47,500 --> 01:23:50,200
absolute. 
Everyone can do most things 

1443
01:23:50,200 --> 01:23:53,000
adequately. 
Specialization is about what you

1444
01:23:53,000 --> 01:23:54,900
do. 
Most often, not what you do 

1445
01:23:54,900 --> 01:23:59,000
exclusively. 
You finish tightening the basket

1446
01:23:59,000 --> 01:24:02,300
and test its strength. 
Your hands pull at The Rim. 

1447
01:24:02,300 --> 01:24:05,200
Checking for weeks spots, 
finding none. 

1448
01:24:05,200 --> 01:24:09,000
He set it with the other 
completed items tomorrow it will

1449
01:24:09,000 --> 01:24:12,000
return to Gathering Duty 
eventually it will need repair 

1450
01:24:12,000 --> 01:24:15,800
again. 
This cycle is comforting in its 

1451
01:24:15,800 --> 01:24:19,500
predictability, making and 
repairing create continuity 

1452
01:24:19,500 --> 01:24:23,100
between past and future. 
The basket you repaire. 

1453
01:24:23,100 --> 01:24:26,100
Today was made by hand using 
techniques passed down across 

1454
01:24:26,100 --> 01:24:28,400
Generations. 
The repairs. 

1455
01:24:28,400 --> 01:24:31,000
You make will extend its 
usefulness into future Seasons. 

1456
01:24:31,000 --> 01:24:35,000
You're a link in an unbroken 
chain of making maintaining, and

1457
01:24:35,000 --> 01:24:37,900
remaking Children are always 
nearby. 

1458
01:24:37,900 --> 01:24:40,700
Not watched in the sense of 
careful monitoring. 

1459
01:24:40,700 --> 01:24:44,400
But present in the sense of 
natural inclusion, a toddler 

1460
01:24:44,400 --> 01:24:48,000
sits next to someone grinding 
seeds reaching occasionally to 

1461
01:24:48,000 --> 01:24:52,300
touch the smooth Stone. 
An older child carries water in 

1462
01:24:52,300 --> 01:24:54,100
a small container practicing 
balance. 

1463
01:24:55,000 --> 01:24:59,400
No single person is designated 
as a child minder instead. 

1464
01:24:59,400 --> 01:25:04,000
Everyone participates whoever is
near East responds to needs. 

1465
01:25:04,000 --> 01:25:07,700
Whoever has free hands up a 
fussy infant. 

1466
01:25:08,600 --> 01:25:11,400
This distribution of care. 
Means children interact with 

1467
01:25:11,400 --> 01:25:15,200
many adults throughout each day,
learning different style of 

1468
01:25:15,200 --> 01:25:19,100
attention and comfort. 
An infant cries and his past to 

1469
01:25:19,100 --> 01:25:21,900
someone whose lap is available. 
That person. 

1470
01:25:21,900 --> 01:25:25,700
Settles the infant against their
chest rocking slightly while 

1471
01:25:25,700 --> 01:25:28,900
continuing to work on cordage 
with one hand, the infant 

1472
01:25:28,900 --> 01:25:33,300
choirs, not necessarily because 
of anything specific but because

1473
01:25:33,300 --> 01:25:36,400
being held is familiar and 
holding while working is normal,

1474
01:25:37,500 --> 01:25:40,600
Young children move freely 
between adults, they lean 

1475
01:25:40,600 --> 01:25:43,900
against someone then move to 
someone else, then return to the

1476
01:25:43,900 --> 01:25:47,600
first person, no one shoos them 
away unless their hands are 

1477
01:25:47,600 --> 01:25:49,600
occupied with something 
genuinely dangerous. 

1478
01:25:50,500 --> 01:25:54,000
Otherwise children drape to 
cross lapse or pressed against 

1479
01:25:54,000 --> 01:25:55,300
sides. 
Are simply part of the 

1480
01:25:55,300 --> 01:25:59,200
environment older children watch
younger ones but not as a formal

1481
01:25:59,200 --> 01:26:02,400
assignment. 
They play nearby and their play 

1482
01:26:02,400 --> 01:26:05,900
naturally includes the smaller 
children when a toddler wanders 

1483
01:26:05,900 --> 01:26:08,700
toward the fire and older child 
redirects them. 

1484
01:26:08,700 --> 01:26:12,500
Gently When a young one Falls, 
whoever is closest helps them 

1485
01:26:12,500 --> 01:26:15,000
up. 
Care happens through proximity, 

1486
01:26:15,000 --> 01:26:19,100
rather than designation, nursing
happens whenever an infant shows

1487
01:26:19,100 --> 01:26:22,000
hunger. 
The mother's, whatever she's 

1488
01:26:22,000 --> 01:26:25,900
doing, settles the infant to 
breast and often continues her 

1489
01:26:25,900 --> 01:26:30,200
task one handed or simply rests.
Other people work around her. 

1490
01:26:30,200 --> 01:26:35,000
No one comments feeding his 
ordinary as breathing Multiple 

1491
01:26:35,000 --> 01:26:37,500
infants might be nursing 
simultaneously as different 

1492
01:26:37,500 --> 01:26:40,600
mothers, sit near each other 
talking quietly, while their 

1493
01:26:40,600 --> 01:26:43,400
babies feet. 
Sometimes her mother nurse is 

1494
01:26:43,400 --> 01:26:46,500
someone else's infant, if that 
child is fussy and their own 

1495
01:26:46,508 --> 01:26:49,800
mother is occupied. 
Milk is shared resource like 

1496
01:26:49,800 --> 01:26:53,700
everything else. 
Children learn by watching they 

1497
01:26:53,700 --> 01:26:56,500
observe hide, scraping and 
eventually pick up a scraper. 

1498
01:26:56,500 --> 01:26:59,100
They watch basket. 
Weaving and begin playing with 

1499
01:26:59,100 --> 01:27:02,400
fibers. 
Their early attempts are clumsy 

1500
01:27:02,400 --> 01:27:05,500
and usually unsuccessful. 
No one corrects them, unless 

1501
01:27:05,500 --> 01:27:06,800
they're about to hurt 
themselves. 

1502
01:27:06,800 --> 01:27:11,600
Instead, they keep trying their 
hands slowly learning what they 

1503
01:27:11,600 --> 01:27:15,000
have observed. 
Small child Shadows. 

1504
01:27:15,000 --> 01:27:17,800
You during Gathering their own 
tiny basket. 

1505
01:27:17,800 --> 01:27:22,000
They pick random plants, not 
yet, discriminating between 

1506
01:27:22,000 --> 01:27:25,700
useful and useless. 
You let them pick occasionally, 

1507
01:27:25,700 --> 01:27:28,500
you show them something 
specific, not through words but 

1508
01:27:28,500 --> 01:27:32,000
by picking it yourself, 
examining it and placing it 

1509
01:27:32,000 --> 01:27:36,100
deliberately in your basket. 
They notice sometimes they 

1510
01:27:36,100 --> 01:27:39,400
imitate sometimes they do not 
either is acceptable. 

1511
01:27:40,700 --> 01:27:43,100
Children work gradually becomes 
real work. 

1512
01:27:43,100 --> 01:27:47,700
A 6 year old carries water, that
adults actually use an 8 year 

1513
01:27:47,700 --> 01:27:51,200
old weaves cordage, that 
actually holds things. 10 year 

1514
01:27:51,200 --> 01:27:55,300
old gathers plants that actually
feed people there is no ceremony

1515
01:27:55,300 --> 01:27:58,700
marking these transitions 
capability emerges through 

1516
01:27:58,700 --> 01:28:02,500
practice and practice is simply 
what children do while being 

1517
01:28:02,500 --> 01:28:05,600
present. 
Discipline is gentle and 

1518
01:28:05,600 --> 01:28:09,600
infrequent most boundaries are 
maintained through redirection 

1519
01:28:09,600 --> 01:28:12,900
rather than scolding. 
Child, reaching for something. 

1520
01:28:12,900 --> 01:28:15,000
Sharp is handed. 
Something else to hold? 

1521
01:28:15,900 --> 01:28:18,600
A child running too close to the
fire is quietly. 

1522
01:28:18,600 --> 01:28:21,900
Moved farther away. 
Serious misbehavior is rare. 

1523
01:28:21,900 --> 01:28:26,200
Perhaps because children are so 
consistently included that they 

1524
01:28:26,200 --> 01:28:28,800
have little reason to seek 
attention through disruption. 

1525
01:28:29,800 --> 01:28:33,300
When correction is necessary, it
comes from whoever Witnesses, 

1526
01:28:33,300 --> 01:28:35,600
the behavior rather than waiting
for a parent. 

1527
01:28:36,400 --> 01:28:39,400
This means children, learn the 
expectations are communal, 

1528
01:28:39,400 --> 01:28:42,800
rather than individual. 
Every adult has some Authority. 

1529
01:28:42,800 --> 01:28:46,400
Every adult also has some 
responsibility to guide. 

1530
01:28:47,600 --> 01:28:51,700
Older children mind young ones 
during Camp moves. 12 year old 

1531
01:28:51,708 --> 01:28:55,200
might carry a toddler on their 
hip while adults carry heavier, 

1532
01:28:55,200 --> 01:28:58,500
loads. 
The older child is not burdened.

1533
01:28:58,500 --> 01:29:00,900
This is simply what older 
children do? 

1534
01:29:00,900 --> 01:29:04,500
They remember being carried 
themselves and they will 

1535
01:29:04,500 --> 01:29:05,900
eventually watch their own 
children? 

1536
01:29:05,900 --> 01:29:08,300
Be carried by the next 
generation of older children 

1537
01:29:09,400 --> 01:29:12,800
Play happens constantly, but is 
rarely separate from work 

1538
01:29:12,800 --> 01:29:16,800
children play at grinding seeds 
while seated next to adults, who

1539
01:29:16,800 --> 01:29:20,000
are actually grinding seeds. 
They play at hunting with small 

1540
01:29:20,000 --> 01:29:23,400
sticks while adults, prepare 
real hunting tools players, 

1541
01:29:23,400 --> 01:29:28,300
practice and practice is play 
The boundary between the two is 

1542
01:29:28,300 --> 01:29:31,000
barely visible children are 
rarely bored. 

1543
01:29:31,000 --> 01:29:34,700
There is always something to 
watch something to try and 

1544
01:29:34,700 --> 01:29:38,000
someone to follow. 
The richness of daily life 

1545
01:29:38,000 --> 01:29:41,900
provides constant engagement. 
They do not need organized 

1546
01:29:41,900 --> 01:29:44,500
activities because unorganized 
life is already full. 

1547
01:29:45,500 --> 01:29:48,800
Crying children are comforted 
but not with urgency or alarm. 

1548
01:29:49,500 --> 01:29:52,900
someone Picks Them Up, checks 
for obvious problems offers, 

1549
01:29:52,900 --> 01:29:56,900
breast milk or water or simply 
holds them If the crying 

1550
01:29:56,900 --> 01:29:59,100
continues, they are passed to 
someone else. 

1551
01:30:00,100 --> 01:30:03,800
Eventually the child Settles. 
Sometimes crying has a clear 

1552
01:30:03,800 --> 01:30:08,700
cause sometimes it does not. 
Either way, the response is calm

1553
01:30:08,700 --> 01:30:10,800
presents rather than anxious 
fixing. 

1554
01:30:11,800 --> 01:30:13,200
Children, sleep, when they are 
tired. 

1555
01:30:13,200 --> 01:30:17,700
Sometimes this happens at odd. 
Time's The child might curl up 

1556
01:30:17,700 --> 01:30:20,400
in afternoon sunlight While 
others continue working around 

1557
01:30:20,400 --> 01:30:22,700
them. 
No one moves them to a specific 

1558
01:30:22,700 --> 01:30:24,700
sleeping area and less evening 
as arrived. 

1559
01:30:25,300 --> 01:30:27,700
Sleepers allowed to happen 
naturally, rather than being 

1560
01:30:27,700 --> 01:30:30,800
scheduled. 
Nighttime care is distributed 

1561
01:30:30,800 --> 01:30:34,700
just like daytime care. 
When an infant Waits, whoever is

1562
01:30:34,700 --> 01:30:37,400
sleeping nearest responds some 
times. 

1563
01:30:37,400 --> 01:30:39,700
This is the mother, sometimes it
is. 

1564
01:30:39,700 --> 01:30:42,900
Someone else. 
The infant is nursed or rocked 

1565
01:30:42,900 --> 01:30:45,100
or simply held until sleep 
returns. 

1566
01:30:45,700 --> 01:30:49,200
Then that person settles back 
into their own sleep as 

1567
01:30:49,200 --> 01:30:52,800
children, grow older, they begin
taking on caregiving themselves.

1568
01:30:53,800 --> 01:30:56,200
A five-year-old might hand a toy
to a fussy toddler. 

1569
01:30:56,200 --> 01:30:59,100
A 7 year old. 
Might fetch water for a tired. 

1570
01:30:59,100 --> 01:31:01,900
Younger child. 
These actions are not praised 

1571
01:31:01,900 --> 01:31:04,800
extensively. 
They are simply noticed and 

1572
01:31:04,800 --> 01:31:07,500
appreciated as part of what 
people do for each other. 

1573
01:31:08,600 --> 01:31:11,400
Children, learn emotional 
regulation through observation, 

1574
01:31:11,400 --> 01:31:15,100
they see, a delts remain calm 
during small frustrations. 

1575
01:31:15,100 --> 01:31:18,800
They watch people, share limited
resources, without conflict. 

1576
01:31:18,800 --> 01:31:22,000
They notice how disagreements 
are resolved through, quiet 

1577
01:31:22,000 --> 01:31:26,200
discussion, rather than raise 
voices, These patterns become 

1578
01:31:26,200 --> 01:31:29,700
their own patterns. 
The result is children, who are 

1579
01:31:29,700 --> 01:31:33,700
deeply integrated into daily 
life rather than separated into 

1580
01:31:33,700 --> 01:31:36,800
a child world. 
They know what adults do because

1581
01:31:36,800 --> 01:31:40,300
they watch adults doing it. 
They learn what adults know 

1582
01:31:40,300 --> 01:31:42,800
because they absorb it through 
constant proximity. 

1583
01:31:44,200 --> 01:31:47,800
Teaching happens continuously 
without being called teaching. 

1584
01:31:48,600 --> 01:31:52,400
Rest is not earned. 
It is not a reward for work 

1585
01:31:52,400 --> 01:31:56,400
completed, it simply arrives 
throughout the day, a natural 

1586
01:31:56,400 --> 01:31:59,300
punctuation between activities, 
you sit. 

1587
01:31:59,300 --> 01:32:03,500
When sitting feels right? 
You stand, when standing becomes

1588
01:32:03,500 --> 01:32:08,400
more comfortable than sitting, 
Midday often brings a collective

1589
01:32:08,400 --> 01:32:12,300
pause, the sun is high and hot 
energy naturally. 

1590
01:32:12,300 --> 01:32:16,600
Dips people drift towards shade 
and settle there some, close 

1591
01:32:16,600 --> 01:32:20,500
their eyes, some simply stare at
nothing in particular, no one 

1592
01:32:20,500 --> 01:32:23,300
apologizes for resting or 
explains why they need it. 

1593
01:32:24,100 --> 01:32:27,100
You lower yourself to the ground
and lean against a convenient, 

1594
01:32:27,100 --> 01:32:31,800
rock your body, relaxes section 
by section, shoulders, drop, 

1595
01:32:31,800 --> 01:32:36,500
jaw, loosens hands, and fold 
from whatever shape work had 

1596
01:32:36,500 --> 01:32:38,800
required. 
This unwinding happens 

1597
01:32:38,800 --> 01:32:40,400
automatically when you stop 
moving. 

1598
01:32:40,400 --> 01:32:44,800
Others, rest nearby. 
Someone is lying flat on their 

1599
01:32:44,800 --> 01:32:47,200
back. 
Eyes closed breathing deeply. 

1600
01:32:47,200 --> 01:32:51,800
Someone else sits with knees 
drawn up chin resting on folded 

1601
01:32:51,800 --> 01:32:55,300
arms. 
A few people talk quietly, their

1602
01:32:55,300 --> 01:32:59,300
voice is soft and unhurried, the
content of conversation does not

1603
01:32:59,300 --> 01:33:01,800
matter much. 
The companionship is what 

1604
01:33:01,800 --> 01:33:04,500
matters children, rest too, 
though. 

1605
01:33:04,500 --> 01:33:08,700
Their rest looks different. 
They sprawling heaps, limbs 

1606
01:33:08,700 --> 01:33:12,000
Tangled together still touching 
even in sleep. 

1607
01:33:13,400 --> 01:33:17,700
Occasionally one weeks, blinks 
shifts position and returns to 

1608
01:33:17,700 --> 01:33:20,900
dozing. 
They seem to drop into sleep and

1609
01:33:20,900 --> 01:33:24,900
emerge from it with equal ease. 
Rest during the day, feels 

1610
01:33:24,900 --> 01:33:29,500
different from sleep at night. 
It is lighter briefer, and less 

1611
01:33:29,500 --> 01:33:33,000
complete, you remain partly 
aware of your surroundings. 

1612
01:33:33,000 --> 01:33:36,800
If something required your 
attention, you would notice, but

1613
01:33:36,800 --> 01:33:40,200
nothing requires your attention.
So you float in the pleasant 

1614
01:33:40,200 --> 01:33:42,200
space between waking and 
sleeping. 

1615
01:33:43,300 --> 01:33:45,600
Time passes. 
Unmeasured. 

1616
01:33:46,300 --> 01:33:49,000
You do not know if you've been 
resting for moments or much 

1617
01:33:49,000 --> 01:33:53,200
longer, it does not matter when 
your body feels ready to resume 

1618
01:33:53,200 --> 01:33:57,400
activity, you will move until 
then you remain still. 

1619
01:33:58,600 --> 01:34:01,800
The shade you sit in shifts 
gradually as the sun moves. 

1620
01:34:01,800 --> 01:34:04,500
Eventually the warmth finds you 
again. 

1621
01:34:04,500 --> 01:34:08,000
That warmth is part of what 
prompts you back into motion. 

1622
01:34:08,900 --> 01:34:12,500
Not uncomfortably hot, but warm 
enough to make sitting less 

1623
01:34:12,500 --> 01:34:18,100
appealing than standing you rise
slowly no sudden movements your 

1624
01:34:18,100 --> 01:34:21,400
body needs time to transition 
from rest to activity. 

1625
01:34:21,400 --> 01:34:25,900
Others are all so, stirring 
stretching and looking around, 

1626
01:34:25,900 --> 01:34:30,100
as if remembering where they 
are, No one rushes this process.

1627
01:34:31,200 --> 01:34:33,400
Evening, brings another rest 
rhythm. 

1628
01:34:34,200 --> 01:34:37,900
After the main meal after food, 
preparation is complete people, 

1629
01:34:37,900 --> 01:34:41,800
settle around the fire. 
This is not sleeping, but a 

1630
01:34:41,800 --> 01:34:44,000
quieter version of waking 
postures. 

1631
01:34:44,000 --> 01:34:47,100
Soften movements. 
Become minimal conversation 

1632
01:34:47,100 --> 01:34:49,900
continues but grows simpler and 
more repetitive. 

1633
01:34:49,900 --> 01:34:52,400
You sit with your back against 
someone else. 

1634
01:34:52,400 --> 01:34:54,800
This is comfortable for both of 
you. 

1635
01:34:54,800 --> 01:34:56,700
They're breathing is steady 
behind you. 

1636
01:34:56,700 --> 01:34:59,600
You're breathing matches, 
theirs, without conscious 

1637
01:34:59,600 --> 01:35:01,900
effort. 
Paired breathing happens 

1638
01:35:01,900 --> 01:35:03,800
automatically when people rest 
together. 

1639
01:35:03,800 --> 01:35:08,800
The fire is Hypnotic Flames 
moving patterns that your eyes 

1640
01:35:08,800 --> 01:35:11,800
follow without purpose. 
You're not thinking about the 

1641
01:35:11,800 --> 01:35:15,700
fire or analyzing Its Behavior, 
You're simply watching because 

1642
01:35:15,700 --> 01:35:20,000
watching is restful, someone is 
working on a small repair nearby

1643
01:35:20,000 --> 01:35:25,400
but slowly with long pauses 
between actions the hands move 

1644
01:35:25,400 --> 01:35:29,100
then, stop move. 
Then stop. 

1645
01:35:30,200 --> 01:35:33,200
The work provides something to 
do with hands that want gentle 

1646
01:35:33,200 --> 01:35:35,800
activity without providing 
enough challenge to interrupt 

1647
01:35:35,800 --> 01:35:38,900
the restful mood. 
Children acquire to now but not 

1648
01:35:38,900 --> 01:35:43,000
necessarily asleep, they sit 
close to adults leaning heavily 

1649
01:35:43,000 --> 01:35:46,600
their eyes, half closed, some 
are still playing that their 

1650
01:35:46,600 --> 01:35:49,700
play has slowed to a drowsy 
version of daytime energy. 

1651
01:35:50,500 --> 01:35:54,200
They pushed small objects around
building and unbuild, Tiny 

1652
01:35:54,200 --> 01:35:57,900
Arrangements. 
Rest is permitted to last as 

1653
01:35:57,900 --> 01:36:01,000
long as it lasts. 
There is no pressure to resume 

1654
01:36:01,000 --> 01:36:05,100
activity, work that remains 
undone will still be there 

1655
01:36:05,100 --> 01:36:08,400
tomorrow. 
This moment is for sitting for 

1656
01:36:08,400 --> 01:36:12,300
warm proximity. 
Thoughts that drift rather than 

1657
01:36:12,300 --> 01:36:15,300
Focus. 
Sometimes rest includes 

1658
01:36:15,300 --> 01:36:19,800
drowsing, while sitting upright.
Your eyes closed, your head 

1659
01:36:19,800 --> 01:36:23,000
might not forward and then jerk 
back this off. 

1660
01:36:23,000 --> 01:36:27,700
Sleep is perfectly acceptable. 
No one Minds, no one wakes you 

1661
01:36:27,700 --> 01:36:29,800
unless something genuinely needs
your attention. 

1662
01:36:31,200 --> 01:36:35,500
The transition from evening rest
to nighttime, sleep is gradual 

1663
01:36:35,500 --> 01:36:39,500
and blurry. 
At some point you realize you're

1664
01:36:39,500 --> 01:36:43,100
more asleep than awake. 
You shift into a line position 

1665
01:36:43,100 --> 01:36:47,400
without fully waking. 
Someone pulls a hide over you or

1666
01:36:47,400 --> 01:36:51,100
perhaps you do it yourself. 
Either way, the action is 

1667
01:36:51,100 --> 01:36:54,400
automatic. 
Rest happens in layers, 

1668
01:36:54,400 --> 01:36:58,300
throughout each day, brief 
pauses, during work longer, 

1669
01:36:58,300 --> 01:37:02,700
midday settling extended 
evening, unwinding These layers 

1670
01:37:02,700 --> 01:37:04,900
create a rhythm that prevents 
exhaustion. 

1671
01:37:05,600 --> 01:37:08,800
You never push Beyond tired 
because rest arrives before you 

1672
01:37:08,800 --> 01:37:11,400
reach that point. 
Physical comfort. 

1673
01:37:12,200 --> 01:37:15,700
During rest is simple and 
sufficient. the ground is 

1674
01:37:15,700 --> 01:37:19,300
familiar, beneath you the air 
temperature is manageable, you 

1675
01:37:19,300 --> 01:37:21,700
have something to lean against 
and something to cover yourself 

1676
01:37:21,700 --> 01:37:26,600
with these Basics are enough. 
No one rests in isolation unless

1677
01:37:26,600 --> 01:37:30,300
they choose to even when resting
apart from the main group you 

1678
01:37:30,300 --> 01:37:34,000
remain within Sight and Sound 
Solitude is possible, but not 

1679
01:37:34,000 --> 01:37:37,700
the default. 
Committee is comforting the 

1680
01:37:37,700 --> 01:37:40,600
presence of others create 
security that allows deeper 

1681
01:37:40,600 --> 01:37:44,400
rest. 
When you wake from rest, whether

1682
01:37:44,400 --> 01:37:49,200
brief or extended you wait 
without a gender, there is no 

1683
01:37:49,200 --> 01:37:52,500
list of tasks waiting. 
There are simply the next thing.

1684
01:37:52,500 --> 01:37:54,900
Whatever. 
That might be perhaps Gathering,

1685
01:37:54,900 --> 01:37:59,900
perhaps repair work, perhaps 
more rest, the date unfolds 

1686
01:37:59,900 --> 01:38:02,200
according to need an energy 
rather than plan. 

1687
01:38:03,100 --> 01:38:05,000
Food preparation, begins with 
sorting. 

1688
01:38:05,000 --> 01:38:08,300
What has been gathered? 
Plant material spread across a 

1689
01:38:08,300 --> 01:38:12,400
flat area, hands move through 
them, grouping by type leaves 

1690
01:38:12,400 --> 01:38:15,600
here, Roots their seeds in a 
separate pile. 

1691
01:38:15,600 --> 01:38:18,000
The Sorting requires no 
discussion. 

1692
01:38:18,000 --> 01:38:22,700
Everyone knows what goes where. 
You sit near the Sorting area 

1693
01:38:22,700 --> 01:38:26,600
and begin processing greens. 
Some leaves need stems removed, 

1694
01:38:26,600 --> 01:38:30,300
some need washing in the Stream.
Your hands work, steadily 

1695
01:38:30,300 --> 01:38:33,900
accumulating, a pile of prepared
leaves that someone else will 

1696
01:38:33,900 --> 01:38:36,500
eventually collect. 
Nearby. 

1697
01:38:36,500 --> 01:38:39,200
Someone is grinding seeds 
between two stones. 

1698
01:38:39,200 --> 01:38:44,200
The grinding creates a rhythmic 
sound sliding against Stone in 

1699
01:38:44,200 --> 01:38:47,100
repeated Strokes. 
The motion looks simple, but 

1700
01:38:47,100 --> 01:38:50,800
requires specific pressure and 
angle too much force, cracks. 

1701
01:38:50,800 --> 01:38:54,400
The stones too little leaves 
seeds, only partially ground. 

1702
01:38:55,500 --> 01:38:58,400
Another person is digging a pit 
in the earth near the fire. 

1703
01:38:58,400 --> 01:39:02,800
This pit will hold food for slow
cooking packed with hot stones 

1704
01:39:02,800 --> 01:39:04,300
and covered with leaves and 
dirt. 

1705
01:39:05,100 --> 01:39:08,700
The method is ancient and 
reliable food cook This Way 

1706
01:39:08,700 --> 01:39:12,100
becomes tender. 
Without constant attention, you 

1707
01:39:12,100 --> 01:39:13,900
move from greens to root 
vegetables. 

1708
01:39:13,900 --> 01:39:18,500
These need scraping rather than 
washing, your scraping tool is a

1709
01:39:18,508 --> 01:39:23,300
flat stone with a sharp edge. 
One smooth from use, the motion 

1710
01:39:23,300 --> 01:39:26,900
is repetitive, and soothing 
scrape turn. 

1711
01:39:26,900 --> 01:39:32,800
Scrape turn, The pile of cleaned
Roots, grow slowly children. 

1712
01:39:32,800 --> 01:39:36,800
Help according to their ability,
a young one carries cleaned 

1713
01:39:36,800 --> 01:39:38,600
items from your pile to the 
cooking area. 

1714
01:39:38,600 --> 01:39:42,000
Their trips are frequent because
they can only carry a small 

1715
01:39:42,000 --> 01:39:45,300
amount each time. 
This does not frustrate anyone. 

1716
01:39:45,300 --> 01:39:49,700
The help is useful. 
Even if inefficient Food 

1717
01:39:49,700 --> 01:39:52,300
preparation is communal but not 
coordinated. 

1718
01:39:52,300 --> 01:39:56,300
Everyone works on. 
Whichever task needs doing when 

1719
01:39:56,300 --> 01:39:58,800
something is finished. 
You move to something else. 

1720
01:39:58,800 --> 01:40:02,500
When you grow tired of one 
motion, you switch to a 

1721
01:40:02,500 --> 01:40:04,300
different task that uses 
different muscles. 

1722
01:40:05,400 --> 01:40:08,300
Someone is tending, the fire 
adding wood to maintain steady 

1723
01:40:08,300 --> 01:40:11,300
Heat. 
Fire tending is continuous work 

1724
01:40:11,300 --> 01:40:14,300
during food. 
Preparation too hot and food 

1725
01:40:14,300 --> 01:40:17,600
Burns too. 
Cool and food remains Raw. 

1726
01:40:19,300 --> 01:40:22,200
The person tending has done this
countless times and reads. 

1727
01:40:22,200 --> 01:40:26,100
The fire automatically water is 
carried from the stream in 

1728
01:40:26,100 --> 01:40:29,800
multiple trips. 
Some water is for drinking some 

1729
01:40:29,800 --> 01:40:34,500
for washing, some for cooking. 
The carrying happens throughout 

1730
01:40:34,500 --> 01:40:37,800
the afternoon, whenever someone 
is walking toward the stream 

1731
01:40:37,800 --> 01:40:41,000
anyway. 
No single person makes all the 

1732
01:40:41,000 --> 01:40:44,200
trips. 
Instead everyone brings water 

1733
01:40:44,200 --> 01:40:47,900
when they passed by you begin, 
wrapping certain items in leaves

1734
01:40:47,900 --> 01:40:51,100
for cooking. 
The wrapping technique protects 

1735
01:40:51,100 --> 01:40:54,400
delicate food from direct heat 
while allowing steam to cook, it

1736
01:40:54,400 --> 01:40:57,400
thoroughly. 
Your hands know exactly how much

1737
01:40:57,400 --> 01:41:01,600
Leaf to use how tightly to wrap 
and how to secure the bundle 

1738
01:41:01,600 --> 01:41:05,100
with plant fiber. 
Fish brought back earlier are 

1739
01:41:05,100 --> 01:41:07,600
being cleaned. 
This happens away from the main 

1740
01:41:07,600 --> 01:41:10,700
preparation area. 
The person cleaning Works 

1741
01:41:10,700 --> 01:41:15,600
efficiently separating edible 
parts from waste the waste will 

1742
01:41:15,600 --> 01:41:19,200
be carried away from Camp later,
nothing is left to attract 

1743
01:41:19,200 --> 01:41:23,300
unwanted tension. 
Herbs and flavoring plants are 

1744
01:41:23,300 --> 01:41:26,300
added to some preparations. 
Not everything receives. 

1745
01:41:26,300 --> 01:41:28,400
This treatment some food is 
eaten. 

1746
01:41:28,400 --> 01:41:32,300
Plain the additions are subtle 
enhancing, rather than 

1747
01:41:32,300 --> 01:41:35,600
dominating you have learned 
which plants pair well with 

1748
01:41:35,600 --> 01:41:39,500
which foods through years of 
tasting and adjusting As pieces 

1749
01:41:39,500 --> 01:41:42,200
are prepared, they begin 
collecting near the fire. 

1750
01:41:43,100 --> 01:41:45,300
Someone is organizing them into 
rough groups. 

1751
01:41:45,300 --> 01:41:48,000
Food that cooks quickly goes in 
one spot. 

1752
01:41:49,000 --> 01:41:50,400
Food. 
Required longer cooking. 

1753
01:41:50,400 --> 01:41:53,200
Goes elsewhere. 
This organization happens 

1754
01:41:53,200 --> 01:41:56,400
naturally through experience 
rather than explicit planning. 

1755
01:41:57,400 --> 01:41:59,600
The pit is ready and line with 
hot stones. 

1756
01:42:00,500 --> 01:42:03,600
Food is layered in carefully, 
Dent's right items. 

1757
01:42:03,600 --> 01:42:07,500
Go on the bottom lighter items 
on top leaves, cover everything.

1758
01:42:07,500 --> 01:42:12,100
Dirt seals the pit The food will
cook slowly for several hours 

1759
01:42:12,100 --> 01:42:15,600
while everyone continues other 
activities, other items, cook 

1760
01:42:15,600 --> 01:42:19,300
more directly. 
Flat Stones heated in the fire 

1761
01:42:19,300 --> 01:42:22,600
become cooking. 
Surfaces you place thin slices 

1762
01:42:22,600 --> 01:42:25,300
of root vegetables on a hot 
stone and watch them cook 

1763
01:42:25,300 --> 01:42:28,000
rapidly. 
Slices need turning. 

1764
01:42:28,000 --> 01:42:31,800
Once timing is judged by 
appearance and smell rather than

1765
01:42:31,800 --> 01:42:34,700
measurement. 
Some food is eaten without 

1766
01:42:34,700 --> 01:42:37,300
cooking. 
Fresh greens are divided and 

1767
01:42:37,300 --> 01:42:40,500
passed around. 
People eat while continuing to 

1768
01:42:40,500 --> 01:42:44,100
work, the greens provide 
immediate energy without waiting

1769
01:42:44,100 --> 01:42:47,200
for cooked food to be ready. 
The main meal will happen later 

1770
01:42:47,200 --> 01:42:50,900
when the pit is opened until 
then people nibble on whatever 

1771
01:42:50,900 --> 01:42:55,600
is available a handful of nuts. 
Some dried fruit leftover items 

1772
01:42:55,600 --> 01:42:59,000
from yesterday Eating happened 
gradually throughout the 

1773
01:42:59,000 --> 01:43:01,100
afternoon. 
You moved to help with liquid 

1774
01:43:01,100 --> 01:43:03,800
preparation. 
Certainly leaves steeped in hot 

1775
01:43:03,800 --> 01:43:07,700
water, create a warm during the 
drink is not sweet or strongly 

1776
01:43:07,700 --> 01:43:10,300
flavored. 
It is simply warm and slightly 

1777
01:43:10,300 --> 01:43:13,900
bitter Pleasant on the throat. 
Someone is carefully dropping 

1778
01:43:13,900 --> 01:43:17,300
heated stones into a bark 
container of water, bringing it 

1779
01:43:17,300 --> 01:43:19,500
to a simmer. 
The leaves go in. 

1780
01:43:19,500 --> 01:43:22,900
Once the water is hot enough, 
they need time to release their 

1781
01:43:22,900 --> 01:43:25,400
essence. 
You watch the water change color

1782
01:43:25,400 --> 01:43:30,200
slightly from clear to faintly 
Brown, the smell is subtle and 

1783
01:43:30,200 --> 01:43:32,700
earthy. 
When the drink is ready, it will

1784
01:43:32,700 --> 01:43:34,400
be shared among everyone 
present. 

1785
01:43:35,500 --> 01:43:37,400
Food. 
Preparation creates a different 

1786
01:43:37,400 --> 01:43:41,300
atmosphere than other work. 
There is anticipation built into

1787
01:43:41,300 --> 01:43:43,400
it. 
You're making something that 

1788
01:43:43,400 --> 01:43:46,800
will soon be consumed. 
The work leads to immediate 

1789
01:43:46,800 --> 01:43:50,100
satisfaction rather than 
creating objects that will be 

1790
01:43:50,100 --> 01:43:53,800
used repeatedly over time. 
Children are particularly 

1791
01:43:53,800 --> 01:43:58,200
interested in food preparation. 
They watch closely sometimes 

1792
01:43:58,200 --> 01:44:00,100
reaching to touch what you are 
working on. 

1793
01:44:00,900 --> 01:44:04,400
You let them handle safe items, 
they copy your motions, with 

1794
01:44:04,400 --> 01:44:07,800
their own small pieces of food, 
their preparations are clumsy, 

1795
01:44:07,800 --> 01:44:11,200
but genuine as the afternoon 
length and the pace of 

1796
01:44:11,200 --> 01:44:15,600
preparation slows, most workers 
complete now is mainly, a matter

1797
01:44:15,600 --> 01:44:16,900
of waiting for cooking to 
finish. 

1798
01:44:17,900 --> 01:44:21,000
People remain near the fire 
tending, it occasionally but 

1799
01:44:21,000 --> 01:44:24,000
mostly just present while the 
food transforms from raw to 

1800
01:44:24,000 --> 01:44:26,300
ready. 
The opening of The Cooking. 

1801
01:44:26,300 --> 01:44:30,000
Pit is a collective moment. 
Someone pulls back the dirt and 

1802
01:44:30,000 --> 01:44:33,000
leaves releasing Steam and a 
rich smell. 

1803
01:44:34,100 --> 01:44:38,000
The food inside is tender and 
thoroughly cooked, people gather

1804
01:44:38,000 --> 01:44:41,500
closer drawn by the scent and 
the promise of shared eating 

1805
01:44:41,500 --> 01:44:44,900
food is removed, from the pit 
carefully to avoid Burns. 

1806
01:44:44,900 --> 01:44:48,400
It is divided onto flat surface 
is for distribution. 

1807
01:44:48,400 --> 01:44:53,100
The division is not mathematical
some people receive more because

1808
01:44:53,100 --> 01:44:56,700
they are larger or hungrier. 
Some receive less because they 

1809
01:44:56,700 --> 01:44:59,500
are smaller or already Satisfied
by early. 

1810
01:44:59,500 --> 01:45:02,800
Nibbling. 
The distribution feels Fair 

1811
01:45:02,800 --> 01:45:06,300
through custom, rather than 
measurement. you eat sitting 

1812
01:45:06,300 --> 01:45:10,000
down using your fingers and 
occasionally a flat piece of 

1813
01:45:10,000 --> 01:45:15,100
wood as a scoop, Eating is not 
rushed you chew thoroughly and 

1814
01:45:15,100 --> 01:45:19,000
rest between bites conversation 
happens around eating rather 

1815
01:45:19,000 --> 01:45:21,800
than during it. 
People's attention is on the 

1816
01:45:21,800 --> 01:45:24,800
food and the warmth and the 
satisfaction of hunger becoming 

1817
01:45:24,800 --> 01:45:27,500
fullness. 
Clean up begins while some 

1818
01:45:27,500 --> 01:45:30,800
people are still eating someone 
carries scraps away from the 

1819
01:45:30,800 --> 01:45:33,400
immediate area. 
Someone else rinse, his sticky 

1820
01:45:33,400 --> 01:45:36,400
items in the Stream. 
The cleanup is minimal because 

1821
01:45:36,400 --> 01:45:39,600
the preparation was simple. 
There are no complex dishes or 

1822
01:45:39,600 --> 01:45:43,800
elaborate tools to wash. 
As eating wins down, people, 

1823
01:45:43,800 --> 01:45:48,300
dispersed gradually some return 
to repair work, some settle into

1824
01:45:48,300 --> 01:45:51,200
evening rest. 
Some tend to children who have 

1825
01:45:51,200 --> 01:45:55,400
grown drowsy after their meal, 
the transition from eating to 

1826
01:45:55,400 --> 01:45:58,100
other activities, is smooth and 
unhurried. 

1827
01:45:58,900 --> 01:46:01,700
Food, preparation and eating 
have structured, this portion of

1828
01:46:01,708 --> 01:46:05,500
the day. 
The work provided Focus the meal

1829
01:46:05,500 --> 01:46:10,800
provided satisfaction. now with 
both complete the evening can 

1830
01:46:10,800 --> 01:46:16,000
unfold into quieter rhythms as 
light Fades, the fire becomes 

1831
01:46:16,000 --> 01:46:20,300
Central Not for warmth, the loan
they want matters. 

1832
01:46:20,300 --> 01:46:23,900
The fire is a focal point. 
A reason for people to gather 

1833
01:46:23,900 --> 01:46:27,600
and a source of gentle activity 
that is not demand much energy. 

1834
01:46:27,600 --> 01:46:30,700
You settle near the fire but not
too close. 

1835
01:46:31,500 --> 01:46:33,400
The heat is Pleasant at this 
distance. 

1836
01:46:33,400 --> 01:46:37,300
Closer would be uncomfortable. 
Father would lose the benefit. 

1837
01:46:37,300 --> 01:46:40,600
Everyone finds their preferred 
distance naturally, through 

1838
01:46:40,600 --> 01:46:44,100
small adjustments, the fire has 
been burning since morning, 

1839
01:46:44,100 --> 01:46:48,600
tended to continuously, but 
without fuss now in the evening 

1840
01:46:48,600 --> 01:46:52,100
it receives more attention, 
someone adds would deliberately 

1841
01:46:52,100 --> 01:46:56,100
placing pieces to create steady 
heat rather than dramatic 

1842
01:46:56,100 --> 01:46:58,800
Flames. 
The goal is duration, rather 

1843
01:46:58,800 --> 01:47:01,800
than spectacle. 
Others arrange themselves around

1844
01:47:01,800 --> 01:47:05,100
the fire in a looser Circle. 
Some sit directly on the ground,

1845
01:47:05,100 --> 01:47:09,600
some use hides or woven mats for
slight cushioning, a few lean 

1846
01:47:09,600 --> 01:47:12,400
against rocks or logs that have 
become familiar seating over 

1847
01:47:12,400 --> 01:47:15,100
time. 
The arrangement is casual but 

1848
01:47:15,100 --> 01:47:19,000
stable people return to the same
spots evening after evening 

1849
01:47:19,000 --> 01:47:22,900
children are still awake but 
moving, slow this day. 

1850
01:47:22,900 --> 01:47:25,800
Close to adults sometimes 
sitting between knees, sometimes

1851
01:47:25,800 --> 01:47:29,600
sprawling across lapse. 
They're play continues but has 

1852
01:47:29,600 --> 01:47:32,400
become quieter. 
They push small objects around 

1853
01:47:32,400 --> 01:47:34,400
in the dirt creating temporary 
patterns. 

1854
01:47:34,400 --> 01:47:38,400
They will abandon before sleep. 
You hold your hands toward the 

1855
01:47:38,400 --> 01:47:40,400
fire. 
Feeling the heat on your palms. 

1856
01:47:40,400 --> 01:47:45,000
The sensation is pleasant and 
slightly hypnotic Your eyes 

1857
01:47:45,000 --> 01:47:46,900
follow the Flames Without Really
seeing them. 

1858
01:47:46,900 --> 01:47:50,200
This is the kind of watching 
that requires no thought. 

1859
01:47:51,100 --> 01:47:53,100
Someone is working on a small 
task. 

1860
01:47:53,100 --> 01:47:56,000
Something that can be done with 
minimal light. 

1861
01:47:56,800 --> 01:47:59,800
They are not hurrying. 
Their hands move occasionally, 

1862
01:47:59,800 --> 01:48:02,300
then pause while they stare into
the fire. 

1863
01:48:03,000 --> 01:48:05,600
The pause is grow longer as 
evening deepens. 

1864
01:48:06,400 --> 01:48:10,300
Eventually, the work will be set
aside entirely. the smoke Rises 

1865
01:48:10,300 --> 01:48:15,700
steadily creating a column that 
disperses Into Darkness of the 

1866
01:48:15,700 --> 01:48:19,700
smell is Woody and familiar. 
The smoke smell is so constant 

1867
01:48:19,700 --> 01:48:21,300
that you barely notice it 
anymore. 

1868
01:48:22,200 --> 01:48:24,400
It is simply what are smells 
like here? 

1869
01:48:25,400 --> 01:48:27,400
Sounds from Beyond the fire and 
muted. 

1870
01:48:27,400 --> 01:48:30,300
The darkness holds the day. 
Sounds at a distance. 

1871
01:48:31,200 --> 01:48:34,700
You can hear small rustling 
occasional bird calls settling 

1872
01:48:34,700 --> 01:48:37,700
into night and The Whisper Of 
Wind Through grasses. 

1873
01:48:37,700 --> 01:48:41,200
These sounds are a backdrop 
rather than an interruption. 

1874
01:48:42,300 --> 01:48:44,800
Conversation around the fire is 
sporadic. 

1875
01:48:44,800 --> 01:48:47,100
Someone comments on tomorrow's 
weather. 

1876
01:48:47,100 --> 01:48:50,100
Someone else mentions a tool 
that needs repair. 

1877
01:48:50,800 --> 01:48:53,700
The comments do not build into 
extended discussion. 

1878
01:48:53,700 --> 01:48:58,300
They are simply thought spoken 
aloud acknowledged with nods or 

1879
01:48:58,300 --> 01:49:02,100
brief responses. 
Child asks a question about 

1880
01:49:02,100 --> 01:49:04,600
something. 
They saw during the day, an 

1881
01:49:04,600 --> 01:49:07,900
adult answers, simply the 
explanation is brief and 

1882
01:49:07,900 --> 01:49:10,400
factual. 
There is no elaboration beyond 

1883
01:49:10,400 --> 01:49:14,200
what the child actually asked. 
Explanations here are direct 

1884
01:49:14,200 --> 01:49:17,900
rather than expanded. 
Someone begins a quiet song. 

1885
01:49:18,800 --> 01:49:22,100
Not performance singing, But the
kind of singing that happens 

1886
01:49:22,100 --> 01:49:25,600
without self-consciousness. 
Others, join gradually. 

1887
01:49:25,600 --> 01:49:27,700
Their voice is blending without 
effort. 

1888
01:49:28,500 --> 01:49:32,700
The song has no clear beginning 
or end, it continues until it 

1889
01:49:32,700 --> 01:49:34,700
stops. 
Whenever that happens to be 

1890
01:49:35,700 --> 01:49:37,500
You're not singing But you 
listen. 

1891
01:49:37,500 --> 01:49:42,000
The melody is ancient and 
simple, everyone knows it. 

1892
01:49:42,800 --> 01:49:46,600
The words if there are words are
more sound than meaning. 

1893
01:49:47,300 --> 01:49:51,200
The song is another form of fire
watching, something to do, that 

1894
01:49:51,200 --> 01:49:55,900
requires no particular Focus. 
A baby fusses and is lifted to a

1895
01:49:55,900 --> 01:49:58,500
shoulder. 
The person holding them sway 

1896
01:49:58,500 --> 01:50:02,100
slightly while remaining seated.
The motion is minimal but 

1897
01:50:02,100 --> 01:50:06,900
effective, the baby quiet and 
returns to dozing head heavier, 

1898
01:50:06,900 --> 01:50:09,500
against the holder's chest. 
Fire Burns. 

1899
01:50:09,500 --> 01:50:14,200
Lower someone adds more, would 
the action is automatic noticed 

1900
01:50:14,200 --> 01:50:18,000
but unremarkable Fire will 
continue through most of the 

1901
01:50:18,000 --> 01:50:22,000
night, kept alive with periodic 
additions, but allowed to 

1902
01:50:22,000 --> 01:50:26,400
diminish, to Kohls by morning. 
As Darkness deepens, people 

1903
01:50:26,400 --> 01:50:28,600
begin shifting into sleeping 
positions. 

1904
01:50:29,400 --> 01:50:32,300
Some move away from the fire to 
their usual sleeping spots. 

1905
01:50:33,000 --> 01:50:36,400
Others remain where they are 
simply lying down and pulling 

1906
01:50:36,400 --> 01:50:39,600
hides over the cells. 
The transition from waking to 

1907
01:50:39,600 --> 01:50:43,800
sleeping as gradual, Children 
are already mostly asleep, they 

1908
01:50:43,800 --> 01:50:46,600
are moved. 
Gently carried or guided to 

1909
01:50:46,600 --> 01:50:50,600
sleeping areas, Some protests 
mildly, but settle quickly, 

1910
01:50:50,600 --> 01:50:54,700
there was resistance, is minimal
more reflects than genuine 

1911
01:50:54,700 --> 01:50:57,900
objection. 
You remain by the fire a while 

1912
01:50:57,900 --> 01:51:00,500
longer. 
Your body is not quite ready for

1913
01:51:00,500 --> 01:51:05,200
sleep, your comfortable in this 
in between state two relaxed for

1914
01:51:05,200 --> 01:51:08,200
activity, but not yet, drowsy 
enough for flying down. 

1915
01:51:09,400 --> 01:51:13,800
Fire makes small sounds as it 
burns wood pops occasionally. 

1916
01:51:14,700 --> 01:51:18,400
Flames whisper. 
These sounds are comforting in 

1917
01:51:18,400 --> 01:51:22,000
their regularity. 
The fire is almost alive in its 

1918
01:51:22,000 --> 01:51:26,700
constancy always present always 
requiring some attention, but 

1919
01:51:26,700 --> 01:51:29,700
never demanding. 
Around the fire. 

1920
01:51:29,700 --> 01:51:33,400
People are mostly still now. 
Breathing, has slowed and deeper

1921
01:51:33,400 --> 01:51:37,100
and someone shifts position 
pulling their covering more 

1922
01:51:37,100 --> 01:51:39,300
securely. 
Someone else is still sitting 

1923
01:51:39,300 --> 01:51:42,600
upright, but with eyes closed 
heading forward, then jerking 

1924
01:51:42,600 --> 01:51:44,300
back in the rhythm of near 
sleep. 

1925
01:51:44,300 --> 01:51:48,600
You finally lie down adjusting 
your position until Comfort 

1926
01:51:48,600 --> 01:51:51,400
finds you. 
The ground beneath his familiar,

1927
01:51:51,400 --> 01:51:54,600
your body knows how to arrange 
itself on this surface. 

1928
01:51:54,600 --> 01:51:58,600
A hide covers, you heavy enough 
to feel secure, but not so 

1929
01:51:58,600 --> 01:51:59,800
heavy. 
As to be oppressive. 

1930
01:51:59,800 --> 01:52:04,100
The fire is still visible from 
where you lie, you watch the 

1931
01:52:04,100 --> 01:52:07,700
Flames through half-closed eyes.
They move in patterns that are 

1932
01:52:07,708 --> 01:52:10,700
never quite the same, but always
similar your mind. 

1933
01:52:10,700 --> 01:52:12,900
Follows the patterns without 
analyzing them. 

1934
01:52:12,900 --> 01:52:16,700
Sleep begins to arrive in, 
wave's he noticed yourself 

1935
01:52:16,700 --> 01:52:18,900
drifting and pulling back 
slightly. 

1936
01:52:18,900 --> 01:52:23,100
Then drifting again. 
This gentle oscillation 

1937
01:52:23,100 --> 01:52:26,900
continues for some time. 
There is no moment when you can 

1938
01:52:26,900 --> 01:52:30,800
say your definitively asleep. 
Instead, you gradually become 

1939
01:52:30,800 --> 01:52:34,100
more asleep than awake. 
The last thing you are aware of 

1940
01:52:34,100 --> 01:52:38,400
is warmth. 
Warmth from the fire warmth from

1941
01:52:38,400 --> 01:52:43,200
the hide warmth from bodies 
sleeping nearby, the warmth is 

1942
01:52:43,200 --> 01:52:48,100
complete and encompassing. 
It is the feeling of security of

1943
01:52:48,100 --> 01:52:51,800
being exactly, where you belong 
of another day reaching, its 

1944
01:52:51,800 --> 01:52:55,800
natural conclusion. 
Knight does not mean complete 

1945
01:52:55,800 --> 01:52:59,100
sleep. 
You wake periodically briefly 

1946
01:52:59,100 --> 01:53:02,300
aware of darkness and the 
continued presence of the fire. 

1947
01:53:02,300 --> 01:53:06,100
Now reduced to glowing coals 
Someone is tending. 

1948
01:53:06,100 --> 01:53:08,700
It quietly adding small pieces 
of wood. 

1949
01:53:09,500 --> 01:53:12,900
The motion is practiced and 
nearly silent you drift back 

1950
01:53:12,900 --> 01:53:14,700
towards sleep without fully 
waking. 

1951
01:53:15,600 --> 01:53:19,500
This shallow waking is normal, 
no one sleeps continuously 

1952
01:53:19,500 --> 01:53:23,400
through the entire night. 
Instead sleep, comes in layers, 

1953
01:53:23,400 --> 01:53:26,500
deep stretches broken by brief 
surfacing. 

1954
01:53:26,500 --> 01:53:31,100
An infant cries somewhere in the
Darkness, The sound is not 

1955
01:53:31,100 --> 01:53:35,800
alarming, just a signal of need,
you hear someone moving, the 

1956
01:53:35,800 --> 01:53:40,200
soft Russell of hides, being 
pushed aside, quiet murmuring as

1957
01:53:40,200 --> 01:53:42,500
the infant is lifted and settled
to breast. 

1958
01:53:43,400 --> 01:53:48,400
The crying stops the night 
resumes its quiet, you're aware 

1959
01:53:48,400 --> 01:53:52,400
of other wakings around you. 
Someone Rises to urinate outside

1960
01:53:52,400 --> 01:53:55,700
the immediately, sleeping area. 
Their movements are careful and 

1961
01:53:55,700 --> 01:53:57,500
quiet, trying not to disturb 
others. 

1962
01:53:58,300 --> 01:54:01,500
They returned shortly and 
resettle themselves a child 

1963
01:54:01,500 --> 01:54:04,700
whimper Softly. 
You're not the closest person, 

1964
01:54:04,700 --> 01:54:08,500
so you remain still? 
Someone nearer reaches out, 

1965
01:54:08,500 --> 01:54:10,200
placing a hand on the child's 
back. 

1966
01:54:10,900 --> 01:54:14,600
The whimpering subsides the 
child, shifts closer to the 

1967
01:54:14,600 --> 01:54:16,700
comforting hand and returns to 
deeper sleep. 

1968
01:54:17,700 --> 01:54:21,500
The night is not silent, small 
sounds continue. 

1969
01:54:21,500 --> 01:54:26,200
Wind moving through nearby 
vegetation, the occasional crack

1970
01:54:26,200 --> 01:54:30,700
of a burning log settling in the
fire, Breathing all around you a

1971
01:54:30,700 --> 01:54:32,600
collective. 
Rhythm of people sleeping. 

1972
01:54:33,500 --> 01:54:36,900
You become aware of cold on your
shoulder, where your Hyde is 

1973
01:54:36,900 --> 01:54:38,900
shifted. 
Still mostly asleep. 

1974
01:54:38,900 --> 01:54:41,100
You adjust the covering without 
opening your eyes. 

1975
01:54:41,100 --> 01:54:44,700
Your hands know where the hide 
is, and how to pull it back into

1976
01:54:44,700 --> 01:54:48,200
place, the cold recedes, and you
sink back in to sleep. 

1977
01:54:49,000 --> 01:54:52,300
Time during the night is 
unmeasured and elastic, you have

1978
01:54:52,300 --> 01:54:56,000
no idea if you have been asleep 
for a short while or many hours,

1979
01:54:56,000 --> 01:54:59,400
the darkness gives. 
No indication you. 

1980
01:54:59,400 --> 01:55:03,000
Wait, notice the darkness and 
return to sleep. 

1981
01:55:03,900 --> 01:55:05,600
This cycle repeats several 
times. 

1982
01:55:05,600 --> 01:55:08,900
At some point, you wake more 
fully needing to move. 

1983
01:55:09,700 --> 01:55:13,100
Your body is stiff from lying. 
In one position you shift 

1984
01:55:13,100 --> 01:55:16,100
carefully, trying, not to 
disturb the person sleeping 

1985
01:55:16,100 --> 01:55:19,400
pressed against your back, they 
murmur, but do not wake. 

1986
01:55:19,400 --> 01:55:23,900
You find a new position and Wait
for Sleep to return the fire 

1987
01:55:23,900 --> 01:55:26,600
needs tending. 
Again, you're awake enough to 

1988
01:55:26,600 --> 01:55:30,600
notice this someone else notices
too and Rises to add wood. 

1989
01:55:31,400 --> 01:55:34,200
Flames increase. 
Slightly sending flickering 

1990
01:55:34,200 --> 01:55:38,100
light across sleeping forms. 
Faces are peaceful and slack in 

1991
01:55:38,100 --> 01:55:42,500
sleep and guarded and soft. 
A child wakes and calls out 

1992
01:55:42,500 --> 01:55:45,400
quietly, not distressed but 
seeking reassurance. 

1993
01:55:46,500 --> 01:55:48,000
Someone responds with a low 
voice. 

1994
01:55:48,900 --> 01:55:52,600
Confirming presents. 
The child settles without 

1995
01:55:52,600 --> 01:55:56,000
needing to be held, simply 
knowing someone is awake and 

1996
01:55:56,000 --> 01:55:59,600
aware as sufficient. 
You notice the stars of visible 

1997
01:55:59,600 --> 01:56:01,400
through gaps in the shelter 
structure. 

1998
01:56:01,400 --> 01:56:05,600
They are bright and numerous 
scattered across the darkness of

1999
01:56:05,600 --> 01:56:09,100
you watch them briefly, not 
thinking about what they are or 

2000
01:56:09,100 --> 01:56:12,000
what they mean. 
They are simply their constant 

2001
01:56:12,000 --> 01:56:13,800
points of light in the moving. 
Darkness. 

2002
01:56:15,300 --> 01:56:19,200
Another infant wakes and needs 
feeding this time. 

2003
01:56:19,200 --> 01:56:22,700
It is you, who is nearest? 
You reach for the infant in the 

2004
01:56:22,708 --> 01:56:25,200
darkness. 
Guided by sound rather than 

2005
01:56:25,200 --> 01:56:28,800
sight, your hands know the shape
and weight of an infant. 

2006
01:56:28,800 --> 01:56:32,900
You settle them against you, and
they latch quickly, nursing with

2007
01:56:32,900 --> 01:56:35,800
quiet urgency. 
The nursing is peaceful. 

2008
01:56:35,800 --> 01:56:39,600
You remain in a half dozing 
State while the infant feeds, 

2009
01:56:40,400 --> 01:56:43,300
Your body knows how to sustain 
this activity while your mind 

2010
01:56:43,300 --> 01:56:45,900
rests. 
When the infant finishes and 

2011
01:56:45,900 --> 01:56:49,300
becomes heavy with sleep, you 
shift them gently back to where 

2012
01:56:49,300 --> 01:56:53,100
they were sleeping. 
Night care is never urgent. 

2013
01:56:53,100 --> 01:56:57,700
Or frantic needs a meaty calmly 
crying as comforted without 

2014
01:56:57,700 --> 01:57:00,600
alarm. 
Everyone understands that night 

2015
01:57:00,600 --> 01:57:04,700
waking a part of the Rhythm, no 
one expects unbroken sleep. 

2016
01:57:04,700 --> 01:57:08,000
The expectation is simply that 
needs will be noticed, and 

2017
01:57:08,000 --> 01:57:11,700
answered as the night progresses
the intervals of Deep Sleep grow

2018
01:57:11,700 --> 01:57:14,100
longer. 
The Briefing has become less 

2019
01:57:14,100 --> 01:57:17,500
frequent, your body has adjusted
to a more restful State. 

2020
01:57:17,500 --> 01:57:21,100
The initial frequent position 
changes settle into longer 

2021
01:57:21,100 --> 01:57:24,300
periods of Stillness. 
Eventually you notice the 

2022
01:57:24,300 --> 01:57:27,800
darkness changing not lighter, 
yet but less complete. 

2023
01:57:28,700 --> 01:57:31,400
Quality of Blackness shifts 
towards something that will 

2024
01:57:31,400 --> 01:57:34,900
become Dawn. 
This changes subtle and gradual,

2025
01:57:34,900 --> 01:57:38,300
you notice it more through a 
feeling than through anything 

2026
01:57:38,300 --> 01:57:41,600
visible. 
Birds begin calling before True 

2027
01:57:41,600 --> 01:57:45,300
Light arrives, their song starts
singly One Voice. 

2028
01:57:45,300 --> 01:57:49,700
Then another answering soon. 
The calls over lap and multiply 

2029
01:57:49,700 --> 01:57:54,800
this bird chorus is as reliable 
as any timekeeper when it begins

2030
01:57:54,800 --> 01:57:58,100
Dawn is approaching. 
You do not rise immediately. 

2031
01:57:58,100 --> 01:58:02,700
When you wake to Birdsong, you 
lice still listening letting 

2032
01:58:02,700 --> 01:58:05,800
your body complete its 
transition from sleep to waking.

2033
01:58:06,800 --> 01:58:08,700
Around you. 
Others are doing the same. 

2034
01:58:08,700 --> 01:58:12,600
Some are still deeply asleep, 
some are awake, but resting 

2035
01:58:12,600 --> 01:58:15,500
quietly. 
Some are beginning to stir and 

2036
01:58:15,500 --> 01:58:18,800
stretch. 
Child, Waits, and immediately 

2037
01:58:18,800 --> 01:58:22,200
starts, talking their voice 
loud, in the quiet morning. 

2038
01:58:23,000 --> 01:58:27,100
Someone shushes them, gently not
scolding but simply indicating 

2039
01:58:27,100 --> 01:58:30,100
that quiet is still preferred. 
Child. 

2040
01:58:30,100 --> 01:58:33,900
Complies their voice dropping to
a whisper as they continue. 

2041
01:58:33,900 --> 01:58:35,500
Whatever thought they were 
expressing. 

2042
01:58:36,600 --> 01:58:39,500
The fire is very low. 
Now, mostly Kohl's. 

2043
01:58:39,500 --> 01:58:43,000
Someone is building it up for 
the day, adding kindling. 

2044
01:58:43,000 --> 01:58:48,000
First then larger pieces as the 
flame catches, the fires Revival

2045
01:58:48,000 --> 01:58:49,800
signals, the true beginning of 
the day. 

2046
01:58:50,700 --> 01:58:53,300
Once it is burning. 
Well people will rise and begin 

2047
01:58:53,300 --> 01:58:56,400
their routines. 
You push your hide aside and sit

2048
01:58:56,400 --> 01:58:59,300
up slowly. 
Your body is stiff from sleeping

2049
01:58:59,300 --> 01:59:02,400
on the ground. 
You stretch carefully, working 

2050
01:59:02,400 --> 01:59:04,300
out the tightness, in your back 
and shoulders. 

2051
01:59:04,300 --> 01:59:08,500
Others are doing the same moving
through their personal waking 

2052
01:59:08,500 --> 01:59:12,500
rituals. 
The night has passed in its 

2053
01:59:12,500 --> 01:59:17,900
usual way broken but restful 
punctuated by small needs met 

2054
01:59:17,900 --> 01:59:20,900
with calm responses. 
Now, as light begins to filter 

2055
01:59:20,900 --> 01:59:23,200
into the world, the day is ready
to begin again. 

2056
01:59:23,200 --> 01:59:27,600
The sun rises again, as it 
always does, the patterns, begin

2057
01:59:27,600 --> 01:59:33,900
a new Gathering making caring 
resting eating tending sleeping.

2058
01:59:34,800 --> 01:59:38,100
These rhythms have no origin. 
You could name, they existed 

2059
01:59:38,100 --> 01:59:40,300
before you and will exist after 
you. 

2060
01:59:41,000 --> 01:59:43,900
You were taught these patterns 
by watching the people who came 

2061
01:59:43,900 --> 01:59:47,600
before your teaching them. 
Now, to the people who come off 

2062
01:59:47,600 --> 01:59:49,700
after the teaching is not 
formal. 

2063
01:59:49,700 --> 01:59:54,000
It is simply present, simply the
living of days and established 

2064
01:59:54,000 --> 01:59:56,600
ways. 
Nothing is written down. 

2065
01:59:57,600 --> 02:00:00,700
There are no records or 
instructions, knowledge lives in

2066
02:00:00,700 --> 02:00:03,900
hands and bodies and the shared 
memory of the group. 

2067
02:00:05,100 --> 02:00:08,800
What needs to be known is known 
through doing through 

2068
02:00:08,800 --> 02:00:12,200
repetition, and through the 
accumulated experience of 

2069
02:00:12,200 --> 02:00:17,000
countless days. 
The tools you use were shaped 

2070
02:00:17,000 --> 02:00:18,900
using techniques older than 
language. 

2071
02:00:19,900 --> 02:00:21,500
Foods. 
You prepare have been prepared 

2072
02:00:21,500 --> 02:00:25,300
this same way for longer than 
counting allows The Roots You 

2073
02:00:25,300 --> 02:00:28,200
Walk were established by people 
whose names are completely 

2074
02:00:28,200 --> 02:00:31,300
forgotten. 
This deep history is invisible 

2075
02:00:31,300 --> 02:00:34,400
in daily life. 
You do not think about the age 

2076
02:00:34,400 --> 02:00:37,200
of your practices, you simply 
practice them. 

2077
02:00:38,600 --> 02:00:42,500
The continuity is unconscious 
maintained through habit rather 

2078
02:00:42,500 --> 02:00:45,700
than intention. 
Children growing up here will 

2079
02:00:45,700 --> 02:00:48,500
know what, you know. 
Not because you will sit them 

2080
02:00:48,500 --> 02:00:51,900
down and explain but because 
they will live alongside you 

2081
02:00:51,900 --> 02:00:55,200
watching and trying and 
gradually becoming capable. 

2082
02:00:56,200 --> 02:00:57,700
Their children will learn the 
same way. 

2083
02:00:58,700 --> 02:01:01,700
The chain remains unbroken 
through proximity and time. 

2084
02:01:01,700 --> 02:01:04,200
The landscape itself holds 
memory. 

2085
02:01:04,200 --> 02:01:07,100
This Gathering ground has been 
used for Generations. 

2086
02:01:07,100 --> 02:01:11,900
The paths are worn deep not by 
any individual footfall but by 

2087
02:01:11,900 --> 02:01:16,300
the accumulation of all foot 
falls across time, You walk 

2088
02:01:16,300 --> 02:01:19,200
where countless others walked 
before though you never knew 

2089
02:01:19,200 --> 02:01:21,800
them. 
Certain places have stories 

2090
02:01:21,800 --> 02:01:23,500
though. 
The stories are simple. 

2091
02:01:24,200 --> 02:01:26,300
This is where the fish are. 
Always plentiful. 

2092
02:01:26,300 --> 02:01:28,400
This is where good clay can be 
found. 

2093
02:01:28,400 --> 02:01:32,700
This is where storms are easier 
to Shelter From the stories are 

2094
02:01:32,700 --> 02:01:34,400
practical. 
Knowledge disguised as 

2095
02:01:34,400 --> 02:01:36,900
narrative. 
You do not wonder about the 

2096
02:01:36,900 --> 02:01:39,300
future. 
The future will be similar to 

2097
02:01:39,300 --> 02:01:42,600
now. 
Seasons will cycle plants will 

2098
02:01:42,600 --> 02:01:45,400
grow and be gathered. 
Children will be born and 

2099
02:01:45,400 --> 02:01:48,300
raised. 
People will work and rest and 

2100
02:01:48,300 --> 02:01:51,800
care for each other. 
This continuity is so reliable. 

2101
02:01:51,800 --> 02:01:57,000
It requires no contemplation 
change happens but slowly so 

2102
02:01:57,000 --> 02:02:00,600
slowly as to be nearly 
invisible, a slightly different 

2103
02:02:00,600 --> 02:02:04,500
technique for basket weaving. 
A new food source was discovered

2104
02:02:04,500 --> 02:02:08,100
in Incorporated small 
adjustments, accumulate across 

2105
02:02:08,100 --> 02:02:11,300
Generations but never disrupt 
the fundamental patterns. 

2106
02:02:12,300 --> 02:02:15,200
You are simultaneously 
insignificant and essential 

2107
02:02:15,200 --> 02:02:19,500
insignificant because you are 
one person in an endless chain, 

2108
02:02:19,500 --> 02:02:23,100
your individual life, a brief 
moment in a much longer story. 

2109
02:02:24,100 --> 02:02:28,600
Central because the chain 
depends on each link without you

2110
02:02:28,600 --> 02:02:30,700
the knowledge you carry would 
not pass forward. 

2111
02:02:30,700 --> 02:02:33,700
The work you do today will need 
doing again. 

2112
02:02:33,700 --> 02:02:36,500
Tomorrow, this could feel futile
but does not. 

2113
02:02:37,400 --> 02:02:41,000
The repetition is the point. 
Each day's Gathering feeds. 

2114
02:02:41,000 --> 02:02:44,100
Today's people. 
Each day's repairs, maintain 

2115
02:02:44,100 --> 02:02:48,600
today's tools, the work is 
complete in itself not building 

2116
02:02:48,600 --> 02:02:52,700
towards some distant goal. 
You experience satisfaction in 

2117
02:02:52,700 --> 02:02:56,700
the immediate and the tangible, 
a basket successfully repaired, 

2118
02:02:56,700 --> 02:03:02,500
a child soothe to sleep a meal. 
Shared the small completions 

2119
02:03:02,500 --> 02:03:06,200
are, what life is made of there 
is no larger narrative required.

2120
02:03:07,200 --> 02:03:10,300
Evening arrives. 
Again, you return to the fire. 

2121
02:03:11,800 --> 02:03:16,100
The Flames are as hypnotic as 
always people settle around you,

2122
02:03:16,100 --> 02:03:20,300
in familiar positions, children 
lean heavily their eyes, already

2123
02:03:20,300 --> 02:03:24,600
closing. 
The day ends as Days End quietly

2124
02:03:24,600 --> 02:03:27,800
and without ceremony. 
You lied down in your usual 

2125
02:03:27,800 --> 02:03:31,100
place. 
The hide covers you the ground 

2126
02:03:31,100 --> 02:03:34,400
beneath his known and 
comfortable, your body arranges 

2127
02:03:34,400 --> 02:03:39,300
itself automatically Sleep 
begins, its gentle approach to 

2128
02:03:39,300 --> 02:03:40,800
tomorrow will bring Gathering 
again. 

2129
02:03:41,500 --> 02:03:44,500
The same plants in the same 
place as changed. 

2130
02:03:44,500 --> 02:03:48,700
Only by season, your hands will 
move through familiar emotions. 

2131
02:03:48,700 --> 02:03:51,400
Your feet will walk familiar 
paths. 

2132
02:03:52,100 --> 02:03:55,500
This repetition is not a burden.
It is structure. 

2133
02:03:55,500 --> 02:03:57,200
It is. 
Purity. 

2134
02:03:57,200 --> 02:04:01,200
It is the Deep continuity that 
connects you to all who came 

2135
02:04:01,200 --> 02:04:03,000
before and all who will come 
after. 

2136
02:04:04,200 --> 02:04:08,200
The story has no ending. 
Because it is not a story in the

2137
02:04:08,200 --> 02:04:12,200
traditional sense. 
It is simply life continuing. 

2138
02:04:12,200 --> 02:04:15,700
As it has continued one day 
following another in patterns 

2139
02:04:15,700 --> 02:04:21,200
worn Smooth by time. 
Fire Burns, low breathing 

2140
02:04:21,200 --> 02:04:25,300
around, you deepens, into sleep,
the night, settles over 

2141
02:04:25,300 --> 02:04:30,100
everything, warm and dark and 
safe your exactly where you have

2142
02:04:30,100 --> 02:04:32,800
always been. 
You're doing exactly what is 

2143
02:04:32,800 --> 02:04:37,200
always been done in this deep. 
Sameness there is profound. 

2144
02:04:37,200 --> 02:04:42,500
Peace, your eyes closed, your 
breathing slows the day releases

2145
02:04:42,500 --> 02:04:46,400
you into sleep tomorrow. 
When light returns, you will 

2146
02:04:46,408 --> 02:04:51,400
wait, and begin again. 
The cycle will continue the 

2147
02:04:51,400 --> 02:04:54,700
patterns will hold the quiet. 
Continuity, will, remain 

2148
02:04:54,700 --> 02:04:58,500
unbroken carrying forward into a
future that looks remarkably 

2149
02:04:58,500 --> 02:05:01,700
like the past which looks 
remarkably like now. 

2150
02:05:01,700 --> 02:05:06,300
And in that endless, gentle 
repetition Humanity as always 

2151
02:05:06,300 --> 02:05:09,400
found its Rhythm its meaning and
its rest. 

2152
02:05:16,700 --> 02:05:19,600
Imagine stepping outside your 
front door right now, and having

2153
02:05:19,600 --> 02:05:23,200
absolutely no street lights. 
No porch lights from neighboring

2154
02:05:23,200 --> 02:05:26,600
houses and no glow from distant 
shopping centers or Office 

2155
02:05:26,600 --> 02:05:29,300
Buildings. 
Now multiply that darkness by 

2156
02:05:29,300 --> 02:05:32,900
about 1000, add the fact that 
your own home has maybe one or 

2157
02:05:32,900 --> 02:05:35,600
two candles burning if you're 
lucky and you're starting to 

2158
02:05:35,600 --> 02:05:38,300
understand what nighttime 
actually meant in medieval 

2159
02:05:38,300 --> 02:05:40,900
Europe. 
The medieval Knight wasn't just 

2160
02:05:40,900 --> 02:05:43,000
darker than anything, most of us
have experienced. 

2161
02:05:43,000 --> 02:05:45,500
It was a different kind of 
Darkness altogether. 

2162
02:05:45,500 --> 02:05:48,800
It was the sort of Darkness, 
that felt physical like 

2163
02:05:48,800 --> 02:05:52,500
something you could touch. 
When the sun set, which happened

2164
02:05:52,500 --> 02:05:55,200
much earlier in Practical terms,
because people actually paid 

2165
02:05:55,200 --> 02:05:58,100
attention to it, the world 
transformed into something 

2166
02:05:58,100 --> 02:05:59,900
unfamiliar and potentially 
dangerous. 

2167
02:06:00,900 --> 02:06:02,900
Your own village which you'd 
walk through. 

2168
02:06:02,900 --> 02:06:06,300
Countless times during the day, 
became a maze of Shadows and 

2169
02:06:06,300 --> 02:06:09,800
uncertain footsteps. 
This Darkness shaped everything 

2170
02:06:09,800 --> 02:06:11,700
about how medieval people 
approach sleep. 

2171
02:06:11,700 --> 02:06:13,900
You couldn't just decide to stay
up late. 

2172
02:06:13,900 --> 02:06:16,500
Binge-watching, your favorite 
show or scrolling through social

2173
02:06:16,500 --> 02:06:20,300
media, until your eyes hurt. 
Once Darkness fell your options,

2174
02:06:20,300 --> 02:06:22,200
were basically to sit in the 
dark doing nothing. 

2175
02:06:22,200 --> 02:06:25,300
But an expensive candles or oil 
that you'd need for more 

2176
02:06:25,300 --> 02:06:29,800
important things or go to bed. 
Most people chose bed, which 

2177
02:06:29,800 --> 02:06:32,200
meant that medieval sleeping 
patterns were dramatically 

2178
02:06:32,200 --> 02:06:35,500
different from ours. 
The typical medieval person went

2179
02:06:35,500 --> 02:06:38,500
to bed shortly after Sunset. 
We're talking about seven or 

2180
02:06:38,500 --> 02:06:40,900
eight in the evening during 
winter months, but here's where 

2181
02:06:40,908 --> 02:06:43,400
it gets interesting. 
They didn't sleep straight 

2182
02:06:43,400 --> 02:06:46,700
through the night. 
The way we try to, instead most 

2183
02:06:46,700 --> 02:06:51,100
people practice what historians 
call segmented, sleep, or first 

2184
02:06:51,100 --> 02:06:55,500
and second sleep, You'd go to 
bed at dusk, sleep for three or 

2185
02:06:55,500 --> 02:06:57,900
four hours then wake up 
naturally in the middle of the 

2186
02:06:57,900 --> 02:07:01,000
night for an hour or two. 
What did people do during this 

2187
02:07:01,000 --> 02:07:02,300
middle of the night? 
Wake period? 

2188
02:07:02,300 --> 02:07:06,800
Well, they pray think about 
their dreams talk quietly with 

2189
02:07:06,800 --> 02:07:10,700
their spouse if they had one 
maybe 10 to the fire or engage 

2190
02:07:10,700 --> 02:07:13,100
in activities that led to 
Medieval Europe's impressive 

2191
02:07:13,100 --> 02:07:16,600
population growth, Then they'd 
settle back down for a second 

2192
02:07:16,600 --> 02:07:20,500
sleep, that lasted until dawn. 
This wasn't considered in so 

2193
02:07:20,500 --> 02:07:23,500
many or a sleep disorder. 
It was just how human sleep 

2194
02:07:23,500 --> 02:07:26,500
naturally worked before 
artificial lighting convinced 

2195
02:07:26,500 --> 02:07:29,400
our bodies to consolidate 
everything into one chunk. 

2196
02:07:30,200 --> 02:07:33,100
The darkness also meant that bed
time wasn't a precise moment, 

2197
02:07:33,100 --> 02:07:36,300
you could check on your phone 
people judge Time by church 

2198
02:07:36,300 --> 02:07:39,500
bells if they live near a church
or by the position of stars if 

2199
02:07:39,500 --> 02:07:42,400
they could see them or more 
often by simply feeling tired 

2200
02:07:42,400 --> 02:07:44,200
when their bodies had been awake
since Dawn. 

2201
02:07:45,200 --> 02:07:48,800
Time was less about exact hours 
and more about natural rhythms 

2202
02:07:48,800 --> 02:07:51,600
when you could no longer. 
See, well enough to work, it was

2203
02:07:51,600 --> 02:07:53,200
time to start thinking about 
sleep. 

2204
02:07:54,100 --> 02:07:57,200
This relationship with Darkness 
shaped medieval sleep, in ways, 

2205
02:07:57,200 --> 02:08:00,400
we barely understand today. 
Going to bed wasn't about 

2206
02:08:00,400 --> 02:08:03,700
optimal sleep hygiene or making 
sure you got your full eight 

2207
02:08:03,700 --> 02:08:06,100
hours. 
It was about surviving the cold 

2208
02:08:06,100 --> 02:08:09,500
staying safe from both real and 
imagined dangers and making the 

2209
02:08:09,500 --> 02:08:11,500
best use of expensive lighting 
resources. 

2210
02:08:12,500 --> 02:08:15,800
The night was something to be 
gotten through not enjoyed and 

2211
02:08:15,800 --> 02:08:17,500
sleep. 
Was your primary tool for doing 

2212
02:08:17,500 --> 02:08:21,200
exactly that the quality of your
sleep in medieval times was 

2213
02:08:21,200 --> 02:08:24,500
directly connected to your 
social status in ways that might

2214
02:08:24,500 --> 02:08:28,500
seem strange to us now, A Noble 
in a castle had access to 

2215
02:08:28,500 --> 02:08:31,900
private Chambers, good fires and
plenty of candles or 

2216
02:08:31,900 --> 02:08:34,700
rush-lights. 
A peasant in a one-room Cottage 

2217
02:08:34,700 --> 02:08:36,800
shared sleeping space with their
entire family. 

2218
02:08:36,800 --> 02:08:40,100
The fire had to be careful 
managed to last until morning 

2219
02:08:40,100 --> 02:08:42,600
and lighting was a luxury saved 
for emergencies. 

2220
02:08:42,600 --> 02:08:46,100
But regardless of whether you 
were a duke or a ditch digger, 

2221
02:08:46,100 --> 02:08:49,400
the darkness was still the 
darkness and it still defined 

2222
02:08:49,400 --> 02:08:51,200
your entire relationship with 
nighttime. 

2223
02:08:52,500 --> 02:08:55,700
Let's talk about medieval 
bedrooms except for most people.

2224
02:08:55,700 --> 02:08:59,400
The word bedroom would have been
a completely foreign concept set

2225
02:08:59,400 --> 02:09:01,600
separate rooms dedicated solely 
to sleeping. 

2226
02:09:02,500 --> 02:09:05,000
That was a luxury. 
So extreme that even many 

2227
02:09:05,000 --> 02:09:08,200
wealthy people didn't have it. 
For the majority of medieval 

2228
02:09:08,200 --> 02:09:10,200
Europeans. 
The question wasn't, where's 

2229
02:09:10,200 --> 02:09:13,000
your bedroom? 
But rather wear in your living 

2230
02:09:13,000 --> 02:09:14,500
space? 
Are you going to sleep tonight? 

2231
02:09:14,500 --> 02:09:16,900
Picture a typical peasant 
Cottage. 

2232
02:09:16,900 --> 02:09:20,700
And by typical, we mean the 
homes were about 90% of medieval

2233
02:09:20,700 --> 02:09:23,500
people lived. 
You'd have one room maybe two if

2234
02:09:23,500 --> 02:09:26,700
you were doing pretty well for 
yourself this single room served

2235
02:09:26,700 --> 02:09:28,600
as kitchen. 
Dining room, living room 

2236
02:09:28,600 --> 02:09:31,100
workshop. 
And yes bedroom, the whole 

2237
02:09:31,100 --> 02:09:34,800
family slept there often in the 
same bed or on a Jason sleeping 

2238
02:09:34,800 --> 02:09:37,800
platforms. 
Privacy was not a medieval value

2239
02:09:37,800 --> 02:09:40,800
mainly because privacy was 
simply not possible for most 

2240
02:09:40,800 --> 02:09:43,800
people, the bed itself, if you 
could call it, that often 

2241
02:09:43,800 --> 02:09:47,100
consisted of a wooden frame with
rope or leather strap, stretch 

2242
02:09:47,100 --> 02:09:49,900
to cross it, to create a 
flexible sleeping surface. 

2243
02:09:50,800 --> 02:09:53,800
This is where the phrase sleep 
tight supposedly comes from. 

2244
02:09:53,800 --> 02:09:56,200
You'd need to tighten those 
ropes periodically. 

2245
02:09:56,200 --> 02:09:58,900
To keep the sleeping surface 
from sagging too much. 

2246
02:10:00,300 --> 02:10:02,700
Though historians debate, 
whether that's the real origin 

2247
02:10:02,700 --> 02:10:05,000
of the phrase. 
It makes a nice story and 

2248
02:10:05,000 --> 02:10:07,600
captures something true about 
medieval sleeping Arrangements, 

2249
02:10:07,600 --> 02:10:11,200
they required maintenance. 
Now, if you were a peasant 

2250
02:10:11,200 --> 02:10:14,100
without even a proper bed frame,
you might sleep on what was 

2251
02:10:14,100 --> 02:10:17,600
essentially a large sack filled 
with straw placed directly on 

2252
02:10:17,600 --> 02:10:21,300
the dirt floor or on a platform 
to avoid the worst of the cold 

2253
02:10:21,300 --> 02:10:24,900
and damp rising from the ground.
These straw mattresses were 

2254
02:10:24,900 --> 02:10:27,600
called pallets and they were 
about as comfortable as they 

2255
02:10:27,608 --> 02:10:31,600
sound, which is to say, not 
very, but considerably better 

2256
02:10:31,600 --> 02:10:33,400
than sleeping directly on cold 
Earth. 

2257
02:10:34,000 --> 02:10:36,500
The straw in these mattresses 
needed regular replacement 

2258
02:10:36,500 --> 02:10:40,700
because well imagine sleeping on
the same pile of dried grass for

2259
02:10:40,700 --> 02:10:44,100
months on end. 
It would compress accumulate 

2260
02:10:44,100 --> 02:10:46,700
moisture attract various forms 
of wildlife. 

2261
02:10:46,700 --> 02:10:49,900
You didn't particularly want 
sharing your bed and generally 

2262
02:10:49,900 --> 02:10:53,800
become less Pleasant over time. 
Replacing the straw was a 

2263
02:10:53,800 --> 02:10:56,300
regular household tasks, like 
changing your sheets. 

2264
02:10:56,300 --> 02:10:58,700
Except you were changing the 
entire mattress. 

2265
02:10:59,700 --> 02:11:02,100
Moving up the social ladder 
things got marginally better 

2266
02:11:02,100 --> 02:11:05,800
wealthier peasants and Merchants
might have actual wooden bed 

2267
02:11:05,800 --> 02:11:08,100
frames. 
Possibly even with some basic 

2268
02:11:08,100 --> 02:11:10,300
decoration. 
If they were showing off the 

2269
02:11:10,300 --> 02:11:12,800
mattress, might be stuffed with 
wool instead of straw, which was

2270
02:11:12,800 --> 02:11:16,000
warmer more comfortable and less
likely to poke you with sharp 

2271
02:11:16,000 --> 02:11:19,400
bits throughout the night. 
Some even had feather mattresses

2272
02:11:19,400 --> 02:11:22,000
though, these were expensive 
enough that they often appeared 

2273
02:11:22,000 --> 02:11:24,300
in Wills as valuable property to
be inherited. 

2274
02:11:24,300 --> 02:11:29,000
The nobility slept in what we'd 
recognize as actual beds though.

2275
02:11:29,000 --> 02:11:30,800
Even these were different from 
what you might expect. 

2276
02:11:31,700 --> 02:11:35,000
A Noble's bed was often a major 
piece of furniture and a 

2277
02:11:35,000 --> 02:11:38,600
significant status symbol. 
It would have a wooden frame but

2278
02:11:38,600 --> 02:11:42,300
more importantly, it would have 
curtains heavy fabric hangings. 

2279
02:11:42,300 --> 02:11:45,100
That could be drawn around the 
bed to create a smaller warmer 

2280
02:11:45,100 --> 02:11:47,500
space within the already cold 
chamber. 

2281
02:11:49,000 --> 02:11:51,200
These bed curtains were crucial 
technology. 

2282
02:11:51,200 --> 02:11:53,600
That doesn't get enough credit. 
Think about it. 

2283
02:11:53,600 --> 02:11:57,700
You're in a stone castle where 
the walls are thick but not 

2284
02:11:57,700 --> 02:11:59,300
particularly good at keeping out
cold. 

2285
02:11:59,300 --> 02:12:03,500
The windows have shutters but no
glass or only expensive, poor 

2286
02:12:03,500 --> 02:12:06,400
quality glass, if you're very 
wealthy, and the only heat 

2287
02:12:06,400 --> 02:12:09,400
source is a fireplace, that's 
basically warming one corner of 

2288
02:12:09,400 --> 02:12:12,100
a large room. 
By drawing curtains around your 

2289
02:12:12,100 --> 02:12:15,500
bed, you created a much smaller 
space that your body heat could 

2290
02:12:15,500 --> 02:12:18,200
actually warm. 
It was like having a tent inside

2291
02:12:18,200 --> 02:12:20,900
your room and it made the 
difference between being cold 

2292
02:12:20,900 --> 02:12:23,000
all night and being reasonably 
comfortable. 

2293
02:12:23,900 --> 02:12:26,200
The grandest beds were 
architectural features, that 

2294
02:12:26,200 --> 02:12:29,700
could be disassembled and moved,
but required considerable effort

2295
02:12:29,700 --> 02:12:32,400
to do. 
So they had posts canopies, 

2296
02:12:32,400 --> 02:12:35,500
elaborate, carvings and 
expensive Fabrics. 

2297
02:12:36,400 --> 02:12:39,500
A great bed was a place for 
sleeping certainly but also for 

2298
02:12:39,500 --> 02:12:42,400
receiving important, visitors 
conducting business and 

2299
02:12:42,400 --> 02:12:46,100
displaying wealth. 
When medieval Nobles or royalty 

2300
02:12:46,100 --> 02:12:48,800
were seriously ill, they often 
held Court from their beds 

2301
02:12:48,800 --> 02:12:51,500
because the bed was the most 
prestigious piece of furniture 

2302
02:12:51,500 --> 02:12:54,400
in the household. 
But here's something that might 

2303
02:12:54,400 --> 02:12:58,300
surprise you even in Castle's, 
even among the nobility, most 

2304
02:12:58,300 --> 02:13:01,600
people didn't sleep alone. 
Servants often slept in the same

2305
02:13:01,600 --> 02:13:05,100
rooms as their masters. 
Either on smaller beds or on 

2306
02:13:05,100 --> 02:13:08,300
pallets on the floor children 
shared beds with siblings. 

2307
02:13:09,200 --> 02:13:11,000
Standard family members bunked 
together. 

2308
02:13:12,000 --> 02:13:14,500
The concept of everyone in a 
household having their own 

2309
02:13:14,500 --> 02:13:17,700
private sleeping. 
Space was almost unheard of even

2310
02:13:17,700 --> 02:13:20,500
among the very wealthy. 
They were practical reasons for 

2311
02:13:20,500 --> 02:13:22,800
this crowding Beyond just 
limited space. 

2312
02:13:23,600 --> 02:13:27,400
Multiple bodies in a room meant 
more warmth having servant sleep

2313
02:13:27,400 --> 02:13:29,200
in your chamber. 
Meant, you had someone to tend 

2314
02:13:29,200 --> 02:13:31,800
the fire during the night to 
help you if you needed something

2315
02:13:31,800 --> 02:13:35,800
and to provide security against 
Intruders, privacy might be 

2316
02:13:35,800 --> 02:13:39,900
nice, but warmth service and 
safety were necessities. 

2317
02:13:40,700 --> 02:13:43,400
For travelers and medieval 
people traveled more than you 

2318
02:13:43,400 --> 02:13:47,100
might think whether for trade 
pilgrimage or military service. 

2319
02:13:47,900 --> 02:13:52,000
Sleeping Arrangements were even 
more variable insisted but they 

2320
02:13:52,000 --> 02:13:55,300
were sparse and sleeping at in 
usually meant sharing a bed with

2321
02:13:55,300 --> 02:13:57,700
complete strangers. 
This wasn't considered 

2322
02:13:57,700 --> 02:14:00,300
particularly strange. 
It was simply the most efficient

2323
02:14:00,300 --> 02:14:01,900
use of limited space and 
bedding. 

2324
02:14:02,800 --> 02:14:05,400
You'd climb into bed with 
whoever else had paid for a 

2325
02:14:05,400 --> 02:14:07,300
spot. 
Hopefully claiming the side 

2326
02:14:07,300 --> 02:14:10,200
closer to the wall, if you got 
their first and try to sleep, 

2327
02:14:10,200 --> 02:14:12,800
while ignoring the snoring 
smells and movements of your 

2328
02:14:12,800 --> 02:14:16,400
temporary bed partners. 
Monasteries and convents have 

2329
02:14:16,400 --> 02:14:19,900
their own sleeping Arrangements,
monks and nuns often slept in 

2330
02:14:19,900 --> 02:14:22,500
dormitories, sometimes in 
individual cells. 

2331
02:14:22,500 --> 02:14:26,400
Barely large enough for a narrow
bed sometimes in communal spaces

2332
02:14:26,400 --> 02:14:29,700
with rows of beds. 
The strictest religious orders 

2333
02:14:29,700 --> 02:14:33,200
required sleeping on bare boards
as a form of mortification of 

2334
02:14:33,200 --> 02:14:36,300
the flesh which is about, as 
comfortable as it sounds and was

2335
02:14:36,300 --> 02:14:39,500
meant to be that way. now that 
you're mentally curled up in 

2336
02:14:39,500 --> 02:14:42,700
your medieval sleeping space, 
whether that's a pile of straw 

2337
02:14:42,700 --> 02:14:45,400
on a cottage floor or a 
curtained bed, in a drafty 

2338
02:14:45,400 --> 02:14:48,800
Castle, Let's talk about what 
you'd pull over yourself to keep

2339
02:14:48,800 --> 02:14:51,100
from turning into a medieval 
popsicle during the night. 

2340
02:14:52,000 --> 02:14:55,000
Your modern comforter with its 
synthetic fill and machine 

2341
02:14:55,000 --> 02:14:57,700
washable, cover is a 
technological Marvel. 

2342
02:14:57,700 --> 02:15:01,000
That medieval people would have 
traded a good sheep for what 

2343
02:15:01,000 --> 02:15:04,600
they had instead was whatever 
they could make buy or inherit 

2344
02:15:04,600 --> 02:15:07,800
and the quality varied. 
So wildly that a peasants 

2345
02:15:07,800 --> 02:15:10,500
bedding and a Noble's bedding 
were barely the same category of

2346
02:15:10,500 --> 02:15:13,400
object. 
Starting at the bottom of the 

2347
02:15:13,400 --> 02:15:16,400
social ladder, a peasant 
families blankets were likely 

2348
02:15:16,400 --> 02:15:19,600
made of wool because sheep were 
everywhere in medieval Europe 

2349
02:15:19,600 --> 02:15:22,800
and wool was the go-to fabric 
for anything that needed to be 

2350
02:15:22,800 --> 02:15:24,900
warm. 
But not all war is created 

2351
02:15:24,900 --> 02:15:26,900
equal. 
The coarse wool from the 

2352
02:15:26,900 --> 02:15:29,400
family's own sheep woven at 
home, or by local Weaver 

2353
02:15:29,400 --> 02:15:31,700
resulted in blankets that were 
warm. 

2354
02:15:31,700 --> 02:15:36,400
Yes, but also heavy scratchy and
nowhere near as soft as the wall

2355
02:15:36,400 --> 02:15:38,000
products. 
You'd find in a modern bedding 

2356
02:15:38,000 --> 02:15:40,700
store. 
These Homespun will Blanket's 

2357
02:15:40,700 --> 02:15:42,800
were valuable enough, that 
families took care of them, 

2358
02:15:42,800 --> 02:15:45,900
mended them repeatedly, and 
passed them down through 

2359
02:15:45,900 --> 02:15:49,800
generations. 
When a blanket wore out in one 

2360
02:15:49,800 --> 02:15:53,400
spot, you didn't throw it away. 
You patched, it turned it 

2361
02:15:53,400 --> 02:15:57,000
repurposed it, or eventually cut
it down into smaller pieces. 

2362
02:15:57,000 --> 02:16:00,600
For other uses, waste wasn't a 
medieval concept when it came to

2363
02:16:00,600 --> 02:16:04,200
textiles, because making cloth 
was incredibly labor intensive. 

2364
02:16:05,400 --> 02:16:08,400
The padding between you and 
those rope bed supports, you'd 

2365
02:16:08,400 --> 02:16:11,500
have your straw or wool mattress
but some people added additional

2366
02:16:11,500 --> 02:16:14,000
layers. 
Coarse cloth covering over the 

2367
02:16:14,008 --> 02:16:16,700
straw helped, keep the pointy 
bits from poking through quite 

2368
02:16:16,700 --> 02:16:19,700
so aggressively. 
Some people use animal skins, 

2369
02:16:19,700 --> 02:16:22,500
sheep skins were particularly 
popular because they were warm 

2370
02:16:22,500 --> 02:16:25,500
relatively soft and naturally 
water resistant. 

2371
02:16:26,200 --> 02:16:28,600
Moving up the economic ladder, 
the bedding got progressively 

2372
02:16:28,600 --> 02:16:31,200
finer. 
Wealthier Merchants might have 

2373
02:16:31,200 --> 02:16:33,500
wool, blankets made from better 
quality wool. 

2374
02:16:33,500 --> 02:16:37,100
Perhaps even died in attractive,
colors using expensive dies. 

2375
02:16:37,100 --> 02:16:40,700
They might have linen sheets. 
Yes, medieval people who could 

2376
02:16:40,700 --> 02:16:43,500
afford it used sheets though. 
Not everyone changed them as 

2377
02:16:43,500 --> 02:16:47,200
frequently as we might hope. 
Linen was prized because unlike 

2378
02:16:47,200 --> 02:16:49,799
wool it could be washed in hot 
water and wouldn't shrink 

2379
02:16:49,799 --> 02:16:52,500
though, it was considerably more
expensive than wool. 

2380
02:16:52,500 --> 02:16:55,299
The nobility took bedding to 
another level entirely. 

2381
02:16:55,299 --> 02:16:58,700
Their wool might be felted or 
fulled to make it softer. 

2382
02:16:58,700 --> 02:17:02,500
And denser, they'd have multiple
layers linen sheets against the 

2383
02:17:02,500 --> 02:17:06,700
skin all blankets for warmth and
possibly fur or silk covers on 

2384
02:17:06,700 --> 02:17:08,200
top for display as much as 
function. 

2385
02:17:09,100 --> 02:17:12,100
The wealthiest individuals had 
feather beds, not just 

2386
02:17:12,100 --> 02:17:14,799
mattresses stuffed with 
feathers, but also feather 

2387
02:17:14,799 --> 02:17:17,400
filled coverlets that were the 
Medieval equivalent of a down 

2388
02:17:17,400 --> 02:17:20,000
comforter. 
These feather beds were luxury 

2389
02:17:20,000 --> 02:17:22,500
items that appeared in 
inventories and wills alongside 

2390
02:17:22,500 --> 02:17:24,900
jewelry and valuable household 
items. 

2391
02:17:24,900 --> 02:17:28,000
Getting enough feathers to 
stuff, a good sized coverlet 

2392
02:17:28,000 --> 02:17:29,299
required. 
A lot of geese or other 

2393
02:17:29,299 --> 02:17:32,600
waterfowl, and someone had to 
pluck them all, clean them and 

2394
02:17:32,600 --> 02:17:34,400
stuff them into tightly woven 
fabric. 

2395
02:17:34,400 --> 02:17:35,900
That wouldn't let the feathers 
Escape. 

2396
02:17:35,900 --> 02:17:39,500
It was skilled time-consuming 
work, which meant it was 

2397
02:17:39,508 --> 02:17:41,900
expensive. 
But here's the thing about 

2398
02:17:41,900 --> 02:17:44,500
medieval bedding, that really 
matters, it was all about. 

2399
02:17:44,500 --> 02:17:48,200
Layering you didn't have one 
perfect blanket that regulated 

2400
02:17:48,200 --> 02:17:49,500
your temperature throughout the 
night. 

2401
02:17:49,500 --> 02:17:53,900
Instead, you had multiple layers
of different materials and you 

2402
02:17:53,900 --> 02:17:56,500
manage your temperature by 
adding or removing layers 

2403
02:17:56,500 --> 02:17:59,600
opening or closing bed, curtains
and adjusting. 

2404
02:17:59,600 --> 02:18:01,500
How close you were to other 
people in your bed. 

2405
02:18:02,400 --> 02:18:05,100
The Fabrics themselves had 
properties that medieval people 

2406
02:18:05,100 --> 02:18:08,000
understood through experience 
even if they couldn't explain 

2407
02:18:08,000 --> 02:18:11,600
the science, wolf stays warm, 
even when damp which mattered in

2408
02:18:11,600 --> 02:18:13,500
drafty moisture prone 
building's. 

2409
02:18:14,299 --> 02:18:16,000
Linen. 
Absorbs moisture and dries 

2410
02:18:16,000 --> 02:18:18,700
relatively quickly, which was 
important for sheets. 

2411
02:18:18,700 --> 02:18:20,400
That would absorb sweat and body
oils. 

2412
02:18:21,400 --> 02:18:24,700
First provided excellent 
insulation, and had the added 

2413
02:18:24,700 --> 02:18:26,799
benefit of being a visible 
display of wealth. 

2414
02:18:26,799 --> 02:18:30,200
Medieval people all so used. 
What we might call sleeping 

2415
02:18:30,200 --> 02:18:32,700
costumes. 
You didn't just strip down to 

2416
02:18:32,700 --> 02:18:34,000
your underwear and hopping into 
bed. 

2417
02:18:34,000 --> 02:18:36,700
Partly because underwear in the 
modern sense, didn't really 

2418
02:18:36,700 --> 02:18:39,700
exist and partly because it was 
too cold for that nonsense 

2419
02:18:39,700 --> 02:18:42,700
instead. 
Most people slept in a long 

2420
02:18:42,700 --> 02:18:46,299
linen, garment called a 
nightshirt or night shift This 

2421
02:18:46,299 --> 02:18:49,500
wasn't decorative sleepwear. 
It was a practical layer that 

2422
02:18:49,500 --> 02:18:52,799
absorbed body oils and sweat. 
Keeping your outer garments 

2423
02:18:52,799 --> 02:18:56,299
cleaner since those were 
difficult to wash, Wealthier 

2424
02:18:56,299 --> 02:18:58,900
folks might have specific night 
shirts, set aside just for 

2425
02:18:58,900 --> 02:19:01,700
sleeping while poorer people 
might sleep in their under 

2426
02:19:01,700 --> 02:19:04,900
tunic, essentially, the same 
linen, garment they wore during 

2427
02:19:04,900 --> 02:19:06,299
the day under their outer 
clothing. 

2428
02:19:06,299 --> 02:19:10,299
Either way, you were sleeping in
something substantial, not naked

2429
02:19:10,299 --> 02:19:12,700
or Nearly Naked. 
The way many people do today in 

2430
02:19:12,700 --> 02:19:16,000
their climate controlled homes. 
Some people also wore nightcaps 

2431
02:19:16,000 --> 02:19:18,600
and not just as a quaint 
medieval fashion statement. 

2432
02:19:19,600 --> 02:19:22,900
Huge amount of body heat escapes
through your head and in a cold 

2433
02:19:22,900 --> 02:19:25,299
room, keeping your head covered.
While sleeping was just 

2434
02:19:25,299 --> 02:19:28,299
practical. 
These caps might be simple in an

2435
02:19:28,299 --> 02:19:30,600
Affairs for everyday, use or 
more, elaborate for the wealthy,

2436
02:19:30,600 --> 02:19:34,700
but the principal was the same 
trap heat and stay comfortable. 

2437
02:19:35,700 --> 02:19:38,200
The bed itself might also have 
additional insulation. 

2438
02:19:38,200 --> 02:19:42,299
Those curtains around a Noble's 
bed weren't just fabric hanging 

2439
02:19:42,299 --> 02:19:44,500
Loosely. 
They were often made of heavy 

2440
02:19:44,500 --> 02:19:48,299
wool sometimes lined creating a 
thick barrier between the cold 

2441
02:19:48,299 --> 02:19:51,400
chamber and the sleeping space 
opening or closing. 

2442
02:19:51,400 --> 02:19:54,300
These curtains was, how you 
adjusted your temperature, like 

2443
02:19:54,300 --> 02:19:57,600
medieval climate control for 
extra warmth on particularly 

2444
02:19:57,600 --> 02:19:59,600
cold nights. 
People used bed. 

2445
02:19:59,600 --> 02:20:03,300
Warmers long handle metal pans 
filled with hot coals that you'd

2446
02:20:03,300 --> 02:20:05,200
run between the sheets before 
getting into bed. 

2447
02:20:06,100 --> 02:20:09,200
This was the Medieval version of
an electric blanket preheat 

2448
02:20:09,200 --> 02:20:10,900
setting. 
And it actually worked pretty 

2449
02:20:10,900 --> 02:20:13,000
well though. 
You had to be careful not to set

2450
02:20:13,000 --> 02:20:16,600
your straw mattress on fire more
than one medieval house burned 

2451
02:20:16,600 --> 02:20:18,100
down. 
Because someone got careless 

2452
02:20:18,100 --> 02:20:20,600
with bedtime heating 
Arrangements, let's talk about 

2453
02:20:20,600 --> 02:20:23,600
the single, most important piece
of medieval bedroom equipment, 

2454
02:20:23,600 --> 02:20:26,800
even though it wasn't 
technically part of the bed, the

2455
02:20:26,800 --> 02:20:29,800
fire. 
If medieval sleep Comfort had a 

2456
02:20:29,808 --> 02:20:32,800
foundation, it was the ability 
to keep a fire burning through 

2457
02:20:32,800 --> 02:20:36,500
the night without dying, burning
down your house, or fixating, 

2458
02:20:36,500 --> 02:20:39,100
everyone with smoke in a peasant
Cottage. 

2459
02:20:39,100 --> 02:20:41,200
The fire was literally the 
center of the home. 

2460
02:20:41,200 --> 02:20:43,400
We're not speaking 
metaphorically here. 

2461
02:20:43,400 --> 02:20:47,300
The half was often in the middle
of the single room with smoke, 

2462
02:20:47,300 --> 02:20:50,400
rising up to escape through a 
hole in the roof or through gaps

2463
02:20:50,400 --> 02:20:53,700
in the thatched roofing. 
This seems primitive and he 

2464
02:20:53,700 --> 02:20:56,900
realized the genius of it. 
The smoke from the fire would 

2465
02:20:56,900 --> 02:21:00,000
rise through the thatch, helping
to preserve it and kill off 

2466
02:21:00,000 --> 02:21:03,500
insects while also providing a 
sort of fumigation for the whole

2467
02:21:03,500 --> 02:21:05,900
house. 
The downside of course was that 

2468
02:21:05,900 --> 02:21:08,100
everyone in the house was 
breathing, some amount of smoke 

2469
02:21:08,100 --> 02:21:11,100
all the time medieval lungs 
probably looked like they 

2470
02:21:11,100 --> 02:21:14,000
belonged to Modern cigarette 
smokers and respiratory problems

2471
02:21:14,000 --> 02:21:17,000
were common but the alternative 
was freezing to death. 

2472
02:21:17,000 --> 02:21:19,400
So most people considered it an 
acceptable trade-off. 

2473
02:21:20,200 --> 02:21:22,800
Keeping the central fire going 
overnight was a serious 

2474
02:21:22,800 --> 02:21:25,400
responsibility. 
Usually given to whoever was 

2475
02:21:25,400 --> 02:21:27,200
considered most reliable in the 
household. 

2476
02:21:27,200 --> 02:21:30,500
The fire couldn't be allowed to 
go completely out because 

2477
02:21:30,500 --> 02:21:32,300
relighting it was a genuine 
hassle. 

2478
02:21:32,900 --> 02:21:36,100
Without matches or lighters. 
You had to use a flint and steel

2479
02:21:36,100 --> 02:21:39,600
to create sparks, then catch 
those Sparks on Tinder then 

2480
02:21:39,600 --> 02:21:42,400
carefully nurse that tiny Ember 
into an actual flame. 

2481
02:21:42,400 --> 02:21:45,600
It could take considerable time 
and effort and on a cold 

2482
02:21:45,600 --> 02:21:48,300
morning, you really didn't want 
to be starting from scratch. 

2483
02:21:48,300 --> 02:21:52,900
So the technique was to bank the
fire for overnight essentially 

2484
02:21:52,900 --> 02:21:55,800
covering the glowing coals with 
Ash to slow down combustion, 

2485
02:21:55,800 --> 02:21:59,000
while keeping the coals alive. 
Done correctly. 

2486
02:21:59,000 --> 02:22:02,300
You'd wake up to a fire that 
just needed some stirring fresh 

2487
02:22:02,300 --> 02:22:04,700
Fuel and gentle blowing to 
spring back to life. 

2488
02:22:05,500 --> 02:22:08,200
Done incorrectly. 
You'd wake up to cold, ashes and

2489
02:22:08,200 --> 02:22:11,300
face the prospect of starting 
over, which would make you very 

2490
02:22:11,300 --> 02:22:13,300
unpopular with everyone else in 
the cold house. 

2491
02:22:13,300 --> 02:22:17,800
The fuel for these fires varied 
by region and availability would

2492
02:22:17,800 --> 02:22:20,500
was the obvious choice where 
Forrest were accessible but not 

2493
02:22:20,500 --> 02:22:24,800
all wood burns equally well. 
Dense Hardwoods like Oak burn 

2494
02:22:24,800 --> 02:22:27,200
longer and hotter, but a harder 
to ignite. 

2495
02:22:28,100 --> 02:22:31,200
Woods like Pine catch quickly, 
but burn fast and produced more 

2496
02:22:31,200 --> 02:22:34,800
smoke medieval people in these 
properties intimately and chose 

2497
02:22:34,800 --> 02:22:38,500
their firewood accordingly. 
In areas where wood was scarce 

2498
02:22:38,500 --> 02:22:41,700
and by the late medieval period.
Many areas of Europe had been 

2499
02:22:41,708 --> 02:22:45,400
substantially, deforested people
burned, whatever they could get.

2500
02:22:46,200 --> 02:22:49,200
Pete was common in boggy 
regions, cut into blocks and 

2501
02:22:49,200 --> 02:22:53,100
dried for fuel, it burns slowly 
and produces a distinctive smell

2502
02:22:53,100 --> 02:22:55,900
that people either love or hate.
Dried animal. 

2503
02:22:55,900 --> 02:22:58,500
Dung was another option in areas
where even Pete wasn't 

2504
02:22:58,500 --> 02:22:59,800
available. 
Yes. 

2505
02:22:59,800 --> 02:23:02,100
Medieval people. 
Sometimes heated their homes by 

2506
02:23:02,100 --> 02:23:04,900
burning manure. 
It wasn't ideal, but it worked. 

2507
02:23:04,900 --> 02:23:07,500
And when you're alternative is 
freezing, you burn what you 

2508
02:23:07,508 --> 02:23:09,500
have. 
For the nobility in their 

2509
02:23:09,500 --> 02:23:11,300
castles. 
The situation was somewhat 

2510
02:23:11,300 --> 02:23:14,000
different. 
They had actual fireplaces with 

2511
02:23:14,000 --> 02:23:17,300
chimneys, a luxury that became 
more common from the 12th 

2512
02:23:17,300 --> 02:23:21,000
century onward and represented a
huge Improvement in indoor air 

2513
02:23:21,000 --> 02:23:23,300
quality. 
A proper fireplace with a 

2514
02:23:23,308 --> 02:23:26,200
chimney pulled smoked up and 
out, rather than letting it 

2515
02:23:26,200 --> 02:23:28,800
dispersed through the room, 
meaning you could breathe 

2516
02:23:28,800 --> 02:23:31,300
without inhaling quite so much 
particular matter. 

2517
02:23:32,100 --> 02:23:35,500
But, even Castle fireplaces have
their challenges, the chimney 

2518
02:23:35,500 --> 02:23:37,100
might draw well when the wind 
was, right? 

2519
02:23:37,100 --> 02:23:41,000
But poorly, when conditions were
optimal leading to rooms that 

2520
02:23:41,000 --> 02:23:44,200
filled with smoke. 
Stone castles were notoriously 

2521
02:23:44,200 --> 02:23:45,900
difficult to heat. 
All that. 

2522
02:23:45,900 --> 02:23:48,900
Stone absorbed heat with out 
warming up much and the high 

2523
02:23:48,900 --> 02:23:51,600
ceilings meant, warm, air Rose 
far above where people were 

2524
02:23:51,600 --> 02:23:54,200
trying to sleep. 
The solution was multiple 

2525
02:23:54,200 --> 02:23:56,300
smaller fires, rather than one 
large one. 

2526
02:23:56,900 --> 02:23:59,800
A castle might have fireplaces 
in several Chambers each 

2527
02:23:59,800 --> 02:24:03,500
creating a small zone of warmth 
in an otherwise cold building. 

2528
02:24:04,300 --> 02:24:07,600
The best Chambers had fireplaces
and access to those chambers was

2529
02:24:07,600 --> 02:24:10,700
a privilege of rank. 
Lesser members of the household 

2530
02:24:10,700 --> 02:24:14,300
slept in rooms without direct 
heat relying on warmer clothing 

2531
02:24:14,300 --> 02:24:16,000
and more bedding to make up the 
difference. 

2532
02:24:16,800 --> 02:24:19,200
Fire safety was a constant 
concern in a world where 

2533
02:24:19,200 --> 02:24:21,200
everything was made of 
combustible materials. 

2534
02:24:21,200 --> 02:24:24,700
And fire suppression technology,
consisted of buckets of water 

2535
02:24:24,700 --> 02:24:27,800
and prayers. 
Medieval towns and cities had 

2536
02:24:27,800 --> 02:24:30,200
devastating fires with 
disturbing regularity. 

2537
02:24:30,200 --> 02:24:34,000
Everyone knew someone who had 
lost their home to Fire, and 

2538
02:24:34,000 --> 02:24:37,200
most people knew someone who had
died in one so sleeping. 

2539
02:24:37,200 --> 02:24:39,800
With a fire burning nearby 
required, careful management. 

2540
02:24:39,800 --> 02:24:43,200
The fire had to be far enough 
from bedding and other flammable

2541
02:24:43,200 --> 02:24:46,300
materials to be safe, but close 
enough to provide warmth. 

2542
02:24:47,100 --> 02:24:50,600
The floor around the half needed
to be clear, candles and Rush 

2543
02:24:50,600 --> 02:24:53,200
lights had to be extinguished or
placed where they couldn't fall,

2544
02:24:53,200 --> 02:24:55,600
and start a fire. 
If someone bumped into the 

2545
02:24:55,600 --> 02:24:57,900
during a middle of the night 
trip, outside to relieve 

2546
02:24:57,900 --> 02:25:00,600
themselves. 
Speaking of which nighttime 

2547
02:25:00,600 --> 02:25:02,100
bathroom trips were another 
challenge. 

2548
02:25:02,100 --> 02:25:04,700
You'd wake up in the middle of 
the night, needing to use the 

2549
02:25:04,700 --> 02:25:07,400
privy, which in a peasant 
Cottage meant either using a 

2550
02:25:07,400 --> 02:25:11,000
chamber pot kept near the bed or
more commonly going outside to 

2551
02:25:11,000 --> 02:25:13,700
the designated spot. 
In winter. 

2552
02:25:13,700 --> 02:25:16,400
This was miserable enough that 
many people tried to minimize 

2553
02:25:16,400 --> 02:25:19,900
nighttime liquid intake, though,
that created its own problems. 

2554
02:25:20,600 --> 02:25:23,500
The very wealthy had indoor 
privies rooms with seats, 

2555
02:25:23,500 --> 02:25:26,500
positioned over shafts that 
dropped waist down into Moats. 

2556
02:25:27,500 --> 02:25:31,400
Pit or outside the castle walls.
These were cold smelly places 

2557
02:25:31,400 --> 02:25:34,700
that weren't exactly Pleasant to
visit but they beat stumbling 

2558
02:25:34,700 --> 02:25:38,700
outside in the dark and cold. 
Still even with indoor plumbing 

2559
02:25:38,700 --> 02:25:42,000
of sorts, the trip from your 
warm bed, to the cold, privy 

2560
02:25:42,000 --> 02:25:44,300
chamber, and back was an 
adventure in temperature shock. 

2561
02:25:45,100 --> 02:25:47,700
The fire also provided the only 
nighttime light that didn't 

2562
02:25:47,700 --> 02:25:49,900
require burning expensive 
candles or oil. 

2563
02:25:50,700 --> 02:25:52,700
If you woke during that 
traditional middle of the night 

2564
02:25:52,700 --> 02:25:56,000
interval between first and 
second sleep, you might sit near

2565
02:25:56,000 --> 02:25:58,000
the fire. 
Watching the Flames while your 

2566
02:25:58,000 --> 02:26:01,400
thoughts wandered. 
This quiet time with just, the 

2567
02:26:01,400 --> 02:26:04,600
firelight, in the sleeping 
sounds of your household was 

2568
02:26:04,600 --> 02:26:08,200
often described as peaceful, the
medicine of period that are 

2569
02:26:08,200 --> 02:26:09,800
modern. 
Compressed sleep schedule, have 

2570
02:26:09,800 --> 02:26:12,100
eliminated. 
Now, we're going to talk about 

2571
02:26:12,100 --> 02:26:14,700
something that medieval people 
took a seriously as physical 

2572
02:26:14,700 --> 02:26:17,200
warmth. 
Spiritual protection during the 

2573
02:26:17,200 --> 02:26:20,600
vulnerable hours of sleep. 
Because in the medieval mind 

2574
02:26:20,600 --> 02:26:22,700
nighttime wasn't just physically
dangerous. 

2575
02:26:22,700 --> 02:26:24,700
It was spiritually, dangerous 
too. 

2576
02:26:24,700 --> 02:26:28,100
You have to understand that 
medieval Europeans lived in a 

2577
02:26:28,100 --> 02:26:30,800
world absolutely teeming with 
supernatural beings. 

2578
02:26:31,500 --> 02:26:33,300
Not in the way. 
We might casually talk about 

2579
02:26:33,300 --> 02:26:37,400
believing in ghosts or checking 
our horoscope, but in a visceral

2580
02:26:37,400 --> 02:26:40,700
constant awareness that the 
spiritual world was just as real

2581
02:26:40,700 --> 02:26:43,400
as the physical one and 
considerably more dangerous. 

2582
02:26:44,600 --> 02:26:47,000
A nighttime was when the 
boundary between these worlds 

2583
02:26:47,000 --> 02:26:50,200
grew thinner. 
Before going to bed, most 

2584
02:26:50,200 --> 02:26:53,900
medieval people performed, some 
form of protective ritual at 

2585
02:26:53,900 --> 02:26:58,400
minimum, this meant prayers. 
You'd cross yourself, recite a 

2586
02:26:58,400 --> 02:27:00,600
prayer asking for God's 
protection, through the night 

2587
02:27:00,600 --> 02:27:03,400
and possibly say specific 
prayers against particular 

2588
02:27:03,400 --> 02:27:05,800
dangers. 
The Catholic Church, encouraged 

2589
02:27:05,800 --> 02:27:08,200
nightly prayers and provided 
specific devotions for 

2590
02:27:08,200 --> 02:27:10,300
nighttime. 
Use, these were not just 

2591
02:27:10,300 --> 02:27:13,600
abstract spiritual exercises, 
people, genuinely believe that 

2592
02:27:13,600 --> 02:27:17,200
prayers could protect them from 
very real dangers demons. 

2593
02:27:17,200 --> 02:27:19,600
They believed wandered during 
the night looking for 

2594
02:27:19,600 --> 02:27:23,800
unprotected, souls to torment. 
Evil spirits might press down on

2595
02:27:23,800 --> 02:27:26,900
your chest while you sleep 
causing nightmares or Worse. 

2596
02:27:26,900 --> 02:27:30,100
The Devil Himself was 
particularly active during the 

2597
02:27:30,100 --> 02:27:32,800
dark hours and a soul. 
Without proper spiritual 

2598
02:27:32,800 --> 02:27:36,000
protection was vulnerable. 
Many people made the sign of the

2599
02:27:36,000 --> 02:27:38,500
crossover their bed before 
getting in and over their doors 

2600
02:27:38,500 --> 02:27:41,400
and windows. 
Some Mark, these thresholds with

2601
02:27:41,400 --> 02:27:45,100
holy water or blessed salt. 
These weren't superstitions in 

2602
02:27:45,100 --> 02:27:47,900
the medieval mind. 
They were practical precautions 

2603
02:27:47,900 --> 02:27:50,700
like locking your doors today. 
Except you weren't just 

2604
02:27:50,700 --> 02:27:53,700
protecting against human 
Intruders, you are warding off, 

2605
02:27:53,708 --> 02:27:57,000
spiritual ones. 
The physical arrangement of the 

2606
02:27:57,000 --> 02:27:59,600
sleeping space, often had 
spiritual significance. 

2607
02:27:59,600 --> 02:28:03,500
Many people position their bed 
so they could face East toward 

2608
02:28:03,500 --> 02:28:05,900
Jerusalem and the Rising Sun. 
Believing. 

2609
02:28:05,900 --> 02:28:08,900
This orientation offered 
additional protection, religious

2610
02:28:08,900 --> 02:28:12,300
imagery crosses icons, or 
symbols might be placed near the

2611
02:28:12,300 --> 02:28:15,200
bed or hung on walls. 
These weren't decorations. 

2612
02:28:15,200 --> 02:28:17,300
They were spiritual security 
systems. 

2613
02:28:17,300 --> 02:28:20,400
Nightmares were understood 
completely differently than we 

2614
02:28:20,400 --> 02:28:23,800
understand them today. 
When you had a bad dream, it 

2615
02:28:23,800 --> 02:28:26,500
wasn't just your subconscious 
processing daily stress. 

2616
02:28:26,500 --> 02:28:30,600
It might be a demon, literally, 
assaulting you during sleep or a

2617
02:28:30,600 --> 02:28:32,900
dead person. 
Trying to communicate or a 

2618
02:28:32,900 --> 02:28:36,000
prophetic Vision sent by God or 
intercepted by Satan. 

2619
02:28:37,300 --> 02:28:41,000
Dreams were taken very seriously
and often discussed with priests

2620
02:28:41,000 --> 02:28:44,500
who could help interpret their 
meaning and advise on protective

2621
02:28:44,500 --> 02:28:47,700
measures some dreams were 
considered so significant that 

2622
02:28:47,700 --> 02:28:50,300
they were recorded and reported 
to church authorities. 

2623
02:28:50,300 --> 02:28:53,800
If you dreamed of something that
might relate to heresy or had 

2624
02:28:53,800 --> 02:28:56,900
visions that seemed prophetic, 
these were matters that could 

2625
02:28:56,900 --> 02:29:00,500
have serious consequences. 
Dream interpretation was a 

2626
02:29:00,500 --> 02:29:03,500
recognized spiritual skill and 
people paid attention to the 

2627
02:29:03,500 --> 02:29:05,300
messages. 
They believed were being sent to

2628
02:29:05,300 --> 02:29:08,100
them during sleep. 
The phenomenon of sleep 

2629
02:29:08,100 --> 02:29:11,700
paralysis that terrifying 
experience where your conscience

2630
02:29:11,700 --> 02:29:15,300
but can't move often accompanied
by a sense of pressure on your 

2631
02:29:15,300 --> 02:29:17,800
chest and the presence of a 
threatening entity was 

2632
02:29:17,800 --> 02:29:21,100
universally interpreted as a 
demonic attack or visitation by 

2633
02:29:21,100 --> 02:29:24,800
a malevolent supernatural being 
Different cultures had different

2634
02:29:24,800 --> 02:29:28,800
names for the entity that caused
this the Knight tag or old hag 

2635
02:29:28,800 --> 02:29:31,800
in some traditions. 
The mayor in others, which is 

2636
02:29:31,800 --> 02:29:35,200
where our word nightmare comes 
from protection against these 

2637
02:29:35,200 --> 02:29:37,200
entities involved. 
Both physical and spiritual 

2638
02:29:37,200 --> 02:29:39,700
measures. 
You might Place iron near your 

2639
02:29:39,708 --> 02:29:43,400
bed, as iron was believed to 
repel fairies and evil spirits. 

2640
02:29:43,400 --> 02:29:46,900
You might wear a blessed amulet,
or keep a piece of a holy Relic 

2641
02:29:46,900 --> 02:29:49,300
nearby. 
Some people slept with their 

2642
02:29:49,300 --> 02:29:52,000
hands arranged in the shape of a
cross to maintain protection. 

2643
02:29:52,000 --> 02:29:56,100
Even while unconscious children 
were considered a specially 

2644
02:29:56,100 --> 02:29:59,500
vulnerable to spiritual dangers 
during sleep partly because they

2645
02:29:59,500 --> 02:30:02,200
were thought to be more 
spiritually, open, and partly 

2646
02:30:02,200 --> 02:30:05,200
because their souls were so 
valuable to demonic forces, 

2647
02:30:05,200 --> 02:30:08,100
parents might perform, elaborate
bedtime, rituals over their 

2648
02:30:08,100 --> 02:30:11,500
children, including blessings 
prayers and the arrangement of 

2649
02:30:11,500 --> 02:30:13,600
protective objects around the 
sleeping child. 

2650
02:30:14,700 --> 02:30:17,200
The church had mixed feelings 
about some of these protective 

2651
02:30:17,200 --> 02:30:19,800
practices. 
Official church doctrine 

2652
02:30:19,800 --> 02:30:21,500
approved of prayers and blessed 
objects. 

2653
02:30:21,500 --> 02:30:24,300
But frowned on practices that 
seem too similar to 

2654
02:30:24,308 --> 02:30:26,400
pre-christian magic or Pagan 
beliefs. 

2655
02:30:27,100 --> 02:30:29,800
This created a gray area where 
people practiced a blend of 

2656
02:30:29,808 --> 02:30:33,400
approved, Christian devotion and
traditional folk protection that

2657
02:30:33,400 --> 02:30:36,100
made Church authorities 
uncomfortable but was too 

2658
02:30:36,100 --> 02:30:37,700
widespread to effectively 
suppress. 

2659
02:30:37,700 --> 02:30:41,100
Interestingly, some of these 
folk practices did have 

2660
02:30:41,100 --> 02:30:44,300
practical benefits even if the 
spiritual reasoning behind them 

2661
02:30:44,300 --> 02:30:47,300
was questionable, keeping 
certain herbs near your bed. 

2662
02:30:47,300 --> 02:30:50,300
Blessed by the church, for 
Spiritual protection, might 

2663
02:30:50,300 --> 02:30:52,700
actually help repel insects or 
improve air quality. 

2664
02:30:53,800 --> 02:30:56,500
Maintaining evening prayer 
routines provided psychological 

2665
02:30:56,500 --> 02:31:00,100
comfort and helped Mark the 
transition from waking to 

2666
02:31:00,100 --> 02:31:02,900
sleeping. 
The ritualization of bed time, 

2667
02:31:02,900 --> 02:31:05,400
created structure and 
predictability and a chaotic 

2668
02:31:05,400 --> 02:31:08,800
dangerous world. 
Fear of nocturnal spiritual 

2669
02:31:08,800 --> 02:31:11,000
dangers. 
Also reinforced social 

2670
02:31:11,000 --> 02:31:14,700
structures, and behaviors going 
to bed properly with appropriate

2671
02:31:14,700 --> 02:31:17,100
prayers and protections was seen
as morally, correct? 

2672
02:31:18,000 --> 02:31:20,500
Someone who neglected these 
spiritual duties was not just 

2673
02:31:20,500 --> 02:31:23,400
being careless, but was 
committing a minor sin and 

2674
02:31:23,400 --> 02:31:26,400
inviting Danger. 
This religious framework around 

2675
02:31:26,400 --> 02:31:28,500
sleep. 
Made it a moral issue, as well 

2676
02:31:28,500 --> 02:31:31,100
as a practical one so far. 
We've been talking about 

2677
02:31:31,100 --> 02:31:33,800
sleeping indoors but let's 
address the elephant in the room

2678
02:31:33,800 --> 02:31:37,400
or rather the absence of a room.
Because plenty of medieval 

2679
02:31:37,400 --> 02:31:39,800
people, regularly, slept 
outside, not by choice, but by 

2680
02:31:39,800 --> 02:31:42,800
necessity, and they managed not 
to freeze to death doing it. 

2681
02:31:42,800 --> 02:31:47,900
How first, let's talk about, who
was sleeping Outdoors, Shepherds

2682
02:31:47,900 --> 02:31:50,500
for one spent nights out with 
their flocks during warmer 

2683
02:31:50,500 --> 02:31:52,700
months. 
Protecting sheep from predators 

2684
02:31:52,700 --> 02:31:55,400
and thieves, Travelers caught 
between towns. 

2685
02:31:55,400 --> 02:31:58,100
Might find themselves sleeping 
rough rather than risk traveling

2686
02:31:58,100 --> 02:32:01,100
after dark. 
Soldiers on campaign, spent more

2687
02:32:01,100 --> 02:32:04,400
nights, under the sky than under
roofs Harvest workers during 

2688
02:32:04,400 --> 02:32:06,500
peak season. 
Sometimes slept in fields, 

2689
02:32:06,500 --> 02:32:08,800
rather than waste time walking 
back to town each night. 

2690
02:32:09,600 --> 02:32:13,000
And the poor particularly in 
cities often had no choice but 

2691
02:32:13,000 --> 02:32:16,700
to find what shelter they could 
under bridges in doorways or in 

2692
02:32:16,700 --> 02:32:20,400
other semi-protected spots. 
The first rule of outdoor 

2693
02:32:20,400 --> 02:32:23,900
medieval sleeping was don't do 
it in winter if you have any 

2694
02:32:23,900 --> 02:32:27,400
choice whatsoever. 
Medieval people understood that 

2695
02:32:27,400 --> 02:32:31,000
sleeping outside in deep winter,
was an excellent way to die of 

2696
02:32:31,000 --> 02:32:33,200
exposure. 
They didn't have magical cold 

2697
02:32:33,200 --> 02:32:34,300
weather techniques. 
We've lost. 

2698
02:32:34,300 --> 02:32:37,000
They just tried very hard not to
be outside overnight. 

2699
02:32:37,000 --> 02:32:40,000
When it was truly cold. 
But during the rest of the year 

2700
02:32:40,000 --> 02:32:43,600
outdoor sleeping was manageable 
with the right approach location

2701
02:32:43,600 --> 02:32:47,500
was everything you didn't just 
lie down, anywhere you looked 

2702
02:32:47,500 --> 02:32:51,300
for natural wind breaks like 
large rocks Earthen Banks or 

2703
02:32:51,300 --> 02:32:54,600
thick hedges. 
You positioned yourself to take 

2704
02:32:54,600 --> 02:32:56,300
advantage of any available 
shelter. 

2705
02:32:56,300 --> 02:32:59,200
While staying away from 
obviously dangerous locations, 

2706
02:32:59,200 --> 02:33:02,900
like Avalanche paths, flooding 
risks or places, where animals 

2707
02:33:02,900 --> 02:33:06,100
are established Roots ground 
insulation was critical. 

2708
02:33:06,100 --> 02:33:09,600
Sleeping directly on cold Earth,
would suck the heat right out of

2709
02:33:09,600 --> 02:33:11,900
your body. 
So medieval outdoor sleepers 

2710
02:33:11,900 --> 02:33:14,300
would gather whatever materials 
they could find to create a 

2711
02:33:14,300 --> 02:33:17,000
barrier. 
Dry leaves Bracken, Heather, 

2712
02:33:17,000 --> 02:33:20,200
pine, needles, and grass. 
All of these could be piled up 

2713
02:33:20,200 --> 02:33:23,500
to create an insulating layer 
between you and the ground, the 

2714
02:33:23,500 --> 02:33:26,100
deeper the pile. 
The warmer you'd be some 

2715
02:33:26,100 --> 02:33:28,100
Travelers, carried their own. 
Portable bedding. 

2716
02:33:28,700 --> 02:33:31,100
A Shepherd might have a wool 
cloak that could double as both 

2717
02:33:31,100 --> 02:33:34,400
clothing and a blanket wealthier
Travelers, might have an actual 

2718
02:33:34,400 --> 02:33:38,408
blanket role pilgrims and 
medieval Europe's or a lot of 

2719
02:33:38,416 --> 02:33:41,100
pilgrimage traffic. 
Often traveled with a cloak 

2720
02:33:41,100 --> 02:33:44,400
designed to serve multiple 
purposes where it during the day

2721
02:33:44,400 --> 02:33:48,900
and sleep under it at night. 
The medieval cloak was an 

2722
02:33:48,900 --> 02:33:52,800
under-appreciated piece of 
technology made of wool often 

2723
02:33:52,800 --> 02:33:54,700
with a hood. 
It could be worn loose for 

2724
02:33:54,700 --> 02:33:57,100
ventilation during the day or 
wrapped tight. 

2725
02:33:57,100 --> 02:34:00,700
For warmth at night, you could 
wrap yourself in it like a 

2726
02:34:00,700 --> 02:34:03,600
burrito, pull the hood, over 
your head and have a surprising 

2727
02:34:03,600 --> 02:34:06,300
amount of warmth. 
The wealthier you were the 

2728
02:34:06,300 --> 02:34:09,700
better quality wool you had 
which meant warmer dense a 

2729
02:34:09,700 --> 02:34:11,400
fabric that provided better 
insulation. 

2730
02:34:12,300 --> 02:34:15,100
Fire was even more important 
when sleeping Outdoors than when

2731
02:34:15,100 --> 02:34:18,000
sleeping inside. 
A Shepherd spending the night in

2732
02:34:18,000 --> 02:34:20,800
the hills with his flock would 
build a fire and sleep near it. 

2733
02:34:20,800 --> 02:34:25,000
Waking periodically to add fuel,
this wasn't comfortable sleep. 

2734
02:34:25,000 --> 02:34:28,300
You'd be too hot on the side 
facing the fire and two cold on 

2735
02:34:28,300 --> 02:34:30,700
the other side but it beat 
freezing. 

2736
02:34:30,700 --> 02:34:34,700
The skill was in building a fire
that would last you wanted to 

2737
02:34:34,700 --> 02:34:38,000
substantial fuel that would burn
slowly rather than small Twigs 

2738
02:34:38,000 --> 02:34:40,900
that would flame out quickly. 
You'd build up a good bed of 

2739
02:34:40,900 --> 02:34:43,300
coals then add larger pieces of 
wood. 

2740
02:34:44,000 --> 02:34:46,400
Some experienced outdoor 
sleepers, would arrange large 

2741
02:34:46,400 --> 02:34:49,500
logs to create long burning 
fire, that didn't need constant 

2742
02:34:49,500 --> 02:34:52,000
ending. 
If sleeping alone Outdoors, 

2743
02:34:52,000 --> 02:34:56,000
you'd want your back against 
something a rock, a tree, or an 

2744
02:34:56,000 --> 02:34:58,800
earth and Bank. 
So that you were protected from 

2745
02:34:58,800 --> 02:35:01,300
one side and could keep the fire
on the other. 

2746
02:35:01,300 --> 02:35:05,200
This also provided psychological
Comfort because you knew nothing

2747
02:35:05,200 --> 02:35:08,400
could sneak up behind you. 
Medieval knights were full of 

2748
02:35:08,408 --> 02:35:12,900
real dangers, wolves bears and 
human Bandits and sleeping in 

2749
02:35:12,900 --> 02:35:16,200
the open meant staying alert to 
these threats group sleeping 

2750
02:35:16,200 --> 02:35:18,600
Outdoors had an advantage body 
heat. 

2751
02:35:19,300 --> 02:35:21,700
Shepards might sleep huddled 
together with their dogs for 

2752
02:35:21,700 --> 02:35:24,400
warmth. 
Soldiers on campaign would crowd

2753
02:35:24,400 --> 02:35:27,200
into tents or under temporary 
shelters with the warmth of 

2754
02:35:27,208 --> 02:35:29,700
multiple bodies making up for 
the lack of other Heating. 

2755
02:35:30,400 --> 02:35:33,100
This all meant someone could 
stand watch While others slept 

2756
02:35:33,100 --> 02:35:36,900
providing Security in a 
dangerous World military 

2757
02:35:36,900 --> 02:35:39,400
campaigns involved. 
A lot of outdoor sleeping and 

2758
02:35:39,400 --> 02:35:42,900
armies developed systems for 
managing this common soldiers, 

2759
02:35:42,900 --> 02:35:46,500
often had basic tents simple 
cloth or leather stretched over 

2760
02:35:46,500 --> 02:35:49,600
frames that provided win 
protection even if they didn't 

2761
02:35:49,600 --> 02:35:53,300
offer much insulation. 
The 10th off rain and blocked 

2762
02:35:53,300 --> 02:35:55,700
wind, which were the two biggest
threats to maintaining body 

2763
02:35:55,700 --> 02:35:58,400
heat. 
Inside the tent soldiers would 

2764
02:35:58,400 --> 02:36:01,600
sleep in their cloaks possibly 
with additional blankets if they

2765
02:36:01,600 --> 02:36:03,600
were lucky packed together for 
warmth. 

2766
02:36:04,600 --> 02:36:07,500
Officers had better tense 
sometimes elaborate Pavilions, 

2767
02:36:07,500 --> 02:36:10,900
that could be quite comfortable 
with the right Furnishing a 

2768
02:36:10,900 --> 02:36:12,900
night on campaign. 
Might travel with a tent that 

2769
02:36:12,900 --> 02:36:16,300
included a folding bed, proper 
bedding and even portable 

2770
02:36:16,300 --> 02:36:19,100
furniture. 
But even the best tent wasn't as

2771
02:36:19,100 --> 02:36:21,800
warm as a proper building. 
So everyone, regardless of rank 

2772
02:36:21,800 --> 02:36:24,400
had to deal with being colder 
than they'd be at home. 

2773
02:36:25,600 --> 02:36:28,500
The reality of outdoor sleeping 
meant that medieval people were 

2774
02:36:28,500 --> 02:36:31,300
simply tougher about cold and 
discomfort than most of us are 

2775
02:36:31,300 --> 02:36:33,200
today. 
They didn't have the option of 

2776
02:36:33,200 --> 02:36:37,300
adjusting a thermostat or adding
another electric blanket, they 

2777
02:36:37,300 --> 02:36:40,300
dealt with being cold, being 
uncomfortable and sleeping 

2778
02:36:40,300 --> 02:36:42,400
poorly because those were the 
conditions of life. 

2779
02:36:43,200 --> 02:36:46,308
This doesn't mean they enjoyed 
it medieval sources are full of 

2780
02:36:46,316 --> 02:36:48,600
complaints about miserable 
nights, sleeping rough. 

2781
02:36:48,600 --> 02:36:51,000
But they endured it because they
had no choice. 

2782
02:36:51,000 --> 02:36:54,700
Interestingly, some people seem 
to sleep Outdoors by preference 

2783
02:36:54,700 --> 02:36:58,300
at least during warmer months 
Hermits and some extremely 

2784
02:36:58,300 --> 02:36:59,600
devout. 
Religious individuals 

2785
02:36:59,600 --> 02:37:02,800
deliberately chose to sleep 
under the sky as a form of 

2786
02:37:02,800 --> 02:37:05,900
spiritual discipline. 
They'd find a cave or build a 

2787
02:37:05,900 --> 02:37:09,000
simple shelter and live their 
enduring hardship as a way of 

2788
02:37:09,000 --> 02:37:12,200
growing closer to God. 
This was considered admirable 

2789
02:37:12,200 --> 02:37:15,200
and holy there. 
Also slightly crazy even by 

2790
02:37:15,200 --> 02:37:18,800
medieval standards for the urban
poor sleeping Outdoors was less 

2791
02:37:18,800 --> 02:37:21,700
about spiritual growth and more 
about having nowhere else to go.

2792
02:37:22,700 --> 02:37:26,100
Medieval cities had populations 
of homeless, people who slept in

2793
02:37:26,100 --> 02:37:29,100
doorways under Market stalls or 
anywhere. 

2794
02:37:29,100 --> 02:37:32,200
They could find a bit of shelter
This was dangerous and 

2795
02:37:32,200 --> 02:37:33,900
uncomfortable but it was 
survival. 

2796
02:37:34,700 --> 02:37:37,500
Cities, sometimes provided 
limited charity, in the form of 

2797
02:37:37,508 --> 02:37:40,800
hospitality houses or spaces 
where the poor could sleep 

2798
02:37:40,800 --> 02:37:43,000
indoors. 
But there was never enough space

2799
02:37:43,000 --> 02:37:47,000
for everyone who needed it. 
As Dawn approaches in our 

2800
02:37:47,000 --> 02:37:50,300
medieval Knight, let's talk 
about waking up and what that 

2801
02:37:50,300 --> 02:37:53,000
Morning Experience tells us 
about how different medieval 

2802
02:37:53,000 --> 02:37:55,300
sleep really was from our modern
experience. 

2803
02:37:55,300 --> 02:37:59,000
The medieval morning started 
early, very early by modern 

2804
02:37:59,000 --> 02:38:01,900
standards Dawn was the natural 
wake up time. 

2805
02:38:01,900 --> 02:38:05,500
Not because people set alarms 
but because light itself was the

2806
02:38:05,500 --> 02:38:08,900
alarm without curtains blocking 
the sunrise without artificial 

2807
02:38:08,900 --> 02:38:10,700
light that disrupted natural 
circadian. 

2808
02:38:10,700 --> 02:38:12,700
Rhythms your body. 
Simply woke. 

2809
02:38:12,700 --> 02:38:15,700
When the sun came up, this meant
that wake up times. 

2810
02:38:15,700 --> 02:38:19,400
Varied dramatically by season. 
You might rise at 5 a.m. in 

2811
02:38:19,400 --> 02:38:22,300
summer and ATM in Winter and 
everyone considered this 

2812
02:38:22,300 --> 02:38:25,600
completely normal. 
The first sensations of waking 

2813
02:38:25,600 --> 02:38:28,800
were probably, not pleasant. 
You'd be stiff from sleeping on 

2814
02:38:28,800 --> 02:38:32,800
a surface that ranged from not 
very comfortable to actively 

2815
02:38:32,800 --> 02:38:35,400
painful. 
Your body would be cold because 

2816
02:38:35,400 --> 02:38:39,000
the fire had burned low during 
the night, If you'd slept in a 

2817
02:38:39,000 --> 02:38:41,700
room with other people, which 
most people did, you'd be 

2818
02:38:41,708 --> 02:38:45,300
surrounded by the sounds and 
smells of other humans who had 

2819
02:38:45,300 --> 02:38:47,200
spent the night in a room with 
limited ventilation. 

2820
02:38:48,800 --> 02:38:51,600
Medieval people didn't wake up 
and immediately jump into their 

2821
02:38:51,600 --> 02:38:53,600
day. 
They'd lie there for a bit 

2822
02:38:53,608 --> 02:38:56,700
possibly dozing through that. 
Transition between first and 

2823
02:38:56,700 --> 02:39:00,700
second sleep, if they'd woken 
during the night interval, When 

2824
02:39:00,700 --> 02:39:03,800
they finally roused themselves 
fully the first order of 

2825
02:39:03,800 --> 02:39:05,700
business was getting the fire 
going properly. 

2826
02:39:05,700 --> 02:39:10,000
Again, if it had been banked 
overnight then you dress which 

2827
02:39:10,000 --> 02:39:12,500
was less complicated than you 
might think because you'd slept 

2828
02:39:12,500 --> 02:39:15,900
in much of your clothing, you'd 
add outer layers, maybe splash 

2829
02:39:15,900 --> 02:39:18,400
some water on your face. 
If water was available and you 

2830
02:39:18,400 --> 02:39:19,900
were unusually concerned with 
cleanliness. 

2831
02:39:19,900 --> 02:39:23,200
And basically, prepare to start 
another day of medieval life. 

2832
02:39:24,100 --> 02:39:27,100
Morning prayers were standard 
for most people, a quick thanks 

2833
02:39:27,100 --> 02:39:30,400
to God for surviving the night 
because in a world where disease

2834
02:39:30,400 --> 02:39:33,200
and accident could kill you 
suddenly surviving the night, 

2835
02:39:33,200 --> 02:39:34,600
wasn't something to take for 
granted. 

2836
02:39:34,600 --> 02:39:37,400
These prayers served, both 
spiritual, and practical 

2837
02:39:37,400 --> 02:39:41,600
purposes, marking the transition
from sleep to waking and helping

2838
02:39:41,600 --> 02:39:43,500
Orient. 
Your mind toward the day ahead. 

2839
02:39:44,900 --> 02:39:47,000
But here's what's fascinating, 
when you really think about 

2840
02:39:47,000 --> 02:39:50,400
medieval sleep. 
It worked Despite all the 

2841
02:39:50,400 --> 02:39:54,400
discomfort despite the cold, 
despite sharing sleeping spaces 

2842
02:39:54,400 --> 02:39:58,400
with multiple people and various
forms of wildlife, despite the 

2843
02:39:58,400 --> 02:40:00,400
smoke in the danger and the 
spiritual anxiety. 

2844
02:40:01,400 --> 02:40:04,700
Medieval people got enough, 
sleep to function, they built 

2845
02:40:04,700 --> 02:40:09,200
Cathedrals, Fort Wars, created 
art raised families and 

2846
02:40:09,200 --> 02:40:13,200
developed complex societies. 
They did this all while sleeping

2847
02:40:13,200 --> 02:40:16,100
in conditions that would have 
most modern people calling a 

2848
02:40:16,108 --> 02:40:18,700
contractor and investing in 
better insulation. 

2849
02:40:20,100 --> 02:40:22,100
This tells us something 
important about human 

2850
02:40:22,100 --> 02:40:25,900
adaptability, our bodies and 
minds, are remarkably good at 

2851
02:40:25,900 --> 02:40:28,600
adjusting to conditions that 
seem unbearable at first. 

2852
02:40:29,500 --> 02:40:31,300
Medieval people weren't 
superhuman. 

2853
02:40:31,300 --> 02:40:35,100
They were just adapted to this 
circumstances, they found their 

2854
02:40:35,100 --> 02:40:37,700
cold rooms normal because they'd
never known anything else. 

2855
02:40:37,700 --> 02:40:39,900
They slept? 
Well, in crowded conditions, 

2856
02:40:39,900 --> 02:40:42,700
because privacy was never an 
option, they dealt with 

2857
02:40:42,708 --> 02:40:45,000
discomfort because Comfort 
wasn't really on the menu. 

2858
02:40:45,000 --> 02:40:48,600
It also tells us something about
what sleep actually requires. 

2859
02:40:48,600 --> 02:40:52,000
We modern people of convinced 
ourselves that we need perfect 

2860
02:40:52,000 --> 02:40:55,000
conditions, the right 
temperature, the right mattress,

2861
02:40:55,000 --> 02:40:59,000
the right pillows complete 
darkness, absolute silence. 

2862
02:40:59,000 --> 02:41:02,300
Maybe a white noise machine or a
specialty designed sleep app. 

2863
02:41:03,100 --> 02:41:05,600
Medieval people had none of 
these things and slept anyway 

2864
02:41:05,600 --> 02:41:09,000
because fundamentally human 
sleep is robust enough to work 

2865
02:41:09,000 --> 02:41:10,900
under surprisingly difficult 
conditions. 

2866
02:41:10,900 --> 02:41:14,200
The legacy of medieval sleep 
patterns has left traces in our 

2867
02:41:14,200 --> 02:41:16,000
language and culture that we 
barely notice. 

2868
02:41:16,000 --> 02:41:19,700
When we talk about having a good
night's sleep, we're using a 

2869
02:41:19,700 --> 02:41:21,200
phrase that dates back 
centuries. 

2870
02:41:21,200 --> 02:41:25,200
The expression burning the 
midnight oil refers to a time. 

2871
02:41:25,200 --> 02:41:28,000
When staying up late actually 
meant consuming expense of 

2872
02:41:28,000 --> 02:41:31,100
resources. 
Making your bed comes from an 

2873
02:41:31,100 --> 02:41:33,900
era when this was a genuine 
daily tasks that involved 

2874
02:41:33,900 --> 02:41:35,500
tightening ropes and fluffing 
straw. 

2875
02:41:35,500 --> 02:41:38,500
Even our architecture carries 
Echoes of medieval sleeping 

2876
02:41:38,500 --> 02:41:41,900
Arrangements, The four-poster 
bed design originated in 

2877
02:41:41,900 --> 02:41:44,500
medieval attempts to create 
warmer sleeping spaces through 

2878
02:41:44,500 --> 02:41:48,300
curtains, the canopy over a bed.
Now, purely decorative. 

2879
02:41:48,300 --> 02:41:51,300
Once served, the Practical 
purpose of catching falling 

2880
02:41:51,300 --> 02:41:53,800
debris from thatched roofs, or 
crumbling plaster. 

2881
02:41:54,700 --> 02:41:57,800
These functional designs became 
status symbols, and eventually 

2882
02:41:57,800 --> 02:42:00,800
decorative Traditions that 
persist even though we no longer

2883
02:42:00,800 --> 02:42:03,400
need them. 
The medieval approach to sleep. 

2884
02:42:03,400 --> 02:42:05,700
Also influenced later 
developments in housing and 

2885
02:42:05,700 --> 02:42:08,400
Heating. 
The recognition that separate 

2886
02:42:08,400 --> 02:42:11,600
bedrooms provided better, rest 
and privacy even when they 

2887
02:42:11,600 --> 02:42:14,800
weren't strictly necessary for 
warmth led to architectural, 

2888
02:42:14,800 --> 02:42:17,900
changes as well, thinking 
creased, the development of 

2889
02:42:17,900 --> 02:42:20,900
better chimney technology 
improved glass making for 

2890
02:42:20,900 --> 02:42:23,400
Windows and more efficient 
heating systems. 

2891
02:42:23,400 --> 02:42:26,900
All emerged partly from 
centuries of experience with 

2892
02:42:26,900 --> 02:42:30,400
cold Smokey medal, sleeping 
conditions medieval sleep 

2893
02:42:30,400 --> 02:42:32,800
patterns. 
Specifically that segmented 

2894
02:42:32,800 --> 02:42:34,900
sleep with a wakeful period in 
the middle of the night. 

2895
02:42:34,900 --> 02:42:38,200
Might actually have been more 
natural for human biology than 

2896
02:42:38,200 --> 02:42:41,900
our modern compressed schedule. 
Some sleep researchers argue 

2897
02:42:41,900 --> 02:42:44,400
that the medieval pattern 
matched our circadian rhythms 

2898
02:42:44,400 --> 02:42:47,200
better than forcing ourselves to
sleep in one solid block. 

2899
02:42:48,100 --> 02:42:50,400
That middle of the night, 
wakeful period was used for 

2900
02:42:50,400 --> 02:42:55,200
prayer, intimacy, reflection, 
and dreaming activities. 

2901
02:42:55,200 --> 02:42:57,800
We've lost in our rush to 
maximize sleep efficiency. 

2902
02:42:58,700 --> 02:43:01,400
There's also something to be 
said for the medieval acceptance

2903
02:43:01,400 --> 02:43:03,300
of seasonal variation in sleep 
patterns. 

2904
02:43:03,300 --> 02:43:06,900
We modern people try to maintain
the same schedule year round 

2905
02:43:06,900 --> 02:43:10,100
going to bed at the same time 
whether it's June or December 

2906
02:43:10,100 --> 02:43:12,300
regardless of what our bodies 
might prefer. 

2907
02:43:13,300 --> 02:43:15,800
Medieval people slept more in 
Winter and less in summer, 

2908
02:43:15,808 --> 02:43:19,100
following natural, light cycles.
And this might have been 

2909
02:43:19,100 --> 02:43:21,100
healthier than our artificial 
consistency. 

2910
02:43:21,100 --> 02:43:24,800
The communal nature of medieval 
sleep also has lessons for us 

2911
02:43:24,800 --> 02:43:28,200
while we value privacy and 
personal space, and there's 

2912
02:43:28,200 --> 02:43:30,900
nothing wrong with that. 
There was something to be said 

2913
02:43:30,900 --> 02:43:34,700
for the security and comfort of 
never sleeping truly alone. the 

2914
02:43:34,700 --> 02:43:36,900
presents of family members and 
the sounds of other people 

2915
02:43:36,900 --> 02:43:40,200
breathing and sleeping nearby 
provided reassurance in a way 

2916
02:43:40,200 --> 02:43:44,100
that our isolated modern 
bedrooms don't Medieval people's

2917
02:43:44,100 --> 02:43:47,100
relationship with fire, teaches 
us about resource management and

2918
02:43:47,100 --> 02:43:48,800
sustainability. 
In ways. 

2919
02:43:48,800 --> 02:43:51,600
We've forgotten. 
They used fire carefully because

2920
02:43:51,600 --> 02:43:55,100
fuel was precious banked fires 
to maintain them, efficiently, 

2921
02:43:55,100 --> 02:43:57,900
and understood that waste. 
In heating was waste. 

2922
02:43:57,900 --> 02:44:00,700
They couldn't afford a modern 
ability to heat. 

2923
02:44:00,700 --> 02:44:03,300
Entire homes, to comfortable 
temperatures, year-round is 

2924
02:44:03,300 --> 02:44:06,300
wonderful but its Comet 
environmental costs that 

2925
02:44:06,308 --> 02:44:08,400
medieval people would have found
incomprehensible. 

2926
02:44:09,400 --> 02:44:11,400
The spiritual dimension of 
medieval sleep. 

2927
02:44:11,400 --> 02:44:14,100
Reminds us that sleep has always
been more than just physical 

2928
02:44:14,100 --> 02:44:16,500
rest. 
It's a vulnerable state that 

2929
02:44:16,500 --> 02:44:19,500
requires not just physical 
safety, but psychological and 

2930
02:44:19,500 --> 02:44:23,700
spiritual security, Medieval 
prayers and protective rituals, 

2931
02:44:23,700 --> 02:44:26,800
serve the same function that our
modern bedtime routine. 

2932
02:44:26,800 --> 02:44:30,200
Serve creating a mental 
transition from waking concerns 

2933
02:44:30,200 --> 02:44:33,100
to sleeps release. 
Whether you're Crossing yourself

2934
02:44:33,100 --> 02:44:36,000
and praying to Saints or doing 
relaxation, exercises and 

2935
02:44:36,000 --> 02:44:39,600
meditation your performing the 
same basic function of creating 

2936
02:44:39,600 --> 02:44:41,900
a cycle, boundary around sleep 
time. 

2937
02:44:42,600 --> 02:44:44,900
As you lie, there in your 
comfortable bed with your 

2938
02:44:44,908 --> 02:44:47,300
temperature control room, and 
your supportive mattress. 

2939
02:44:47,300 --> 02:44:50,500
It's worth considering what 
lessons medieval sleep might 

2940
02:44:50,500 --> 02:44:54,800
offer from Modern rest problems.
Because for all our advances in 

2941
02:44:54,800 --> 02:44:57,300
sleep technology, many of us 
struggle to sleep. 

2942
02:44:57,300 --> 02:45:00,700
Well, while medieval people 
despite their objectively 

2943
02:45:00,700 --> 02:45:04,100
terrible, sleeping conditions 
generally managed just fine. 

2944
02:45:05,700 --> 02:45:07,600
First, there's the lesson of 
Darkness. 

2945
02:45:07,600 --> 02:45:12,100
Medieval people lived in genuine
darkness and their sleep cycles 

2946
02:45:12,100 --> 02:45:15,400
aligned naturally with it. 
We modern folks flood our 

2947
02:45:15,400 --> 02:45:18,700
evening's with artificial light.
Then wonder why we have trouble 

2948
02:45:18,700 --> 02:45:22,400
falling asleep. the blue light 
from our phones and tablets is 

2949
02:45:22,400 --> 02:45:25,400
particularly disruptive 
signaling to our brains that 

2950
02:45:25,400 --> 02:45:27,800
it's still daytime when we're 
trying to convince our bodies 

2951
02:45:27,800 --> 02:45:31,500
its bedtime Medieval people 
didn't have to actively create 

2952
02:45:31,500 --> 02:45:34,200
Darkness. 
It was the default setting and 

2953
02:45:34,200 --> 02:45:35,600
their bodies responded. 
Accordingly. 

2954
02:45:36,800 --> 02:45:39,700
If you're struggling with sleep,
one medieval lesson is simple. 

2955
02:45:39,700 --> 02:45:43,300
Make your evenings darker, dim 
your lights as bedtime 

2956
02:45:43,300 --> 02:45:47,100
approaches, avoid screens for an
hour before sleep, and use 

2957
02:45:47,100 --> 02:45:49,800
blackout curtains to eliminate 
light, pollution, from street, 

2958
02:45:49,800 --> 02:45:53,100
lights, creating approximation 
of that medieval darkness. 

2959
02:45:53,100 --> 02:45:55,900
And your body might remember how
it's supposed to respond. 

2960
02:45:56,800 --> 02:46:00,400
Second, there's the temperature 
Factor medieval people slept in 

2961
02:46:00,400 --> 02:46:03,800
cold rooms and used bedding for 
warmth rather than heating the 

2962
02:46:03,800 --> 02:46:06,400
entire space. 
Modern research actually 

2963
02:46:06,400 --> 02:46:08,900
supports this approach. 
We sleep better and cooler 

2964
02:46:08,900 --> 02:46:12,300
rooms, ideally between 60 and 67
degrees Fahrenheit. 

2965
02:46:12,300 --> 02:46:16,000
Your body temperature naturally 
drops when you sleep and a cool 

2966
02:46:16,008 --> 02:46:20,200
environment, facilitates this 
process Medieval people stumbled

2967
02:46:20,200 --> 02:46:22,500
onto this truth, through 
necessity, we've had to 

2968
02:46:22,508 --> 02:46:26,000
ReDiscover it through sleep, 
research, the medieval practice 

2969
02:46:26,000 --> 02:46:28,300
of layering for warmth rather 
than ambient heating. 

2970
02:46:28,300 --> 02:46:31,800
All makes sense, being slightly 
cool, but buried under warm 

2971
02:46:31,800 --> 02:46:34,300
blankets, seems to promote 
better sleep than being in a 

2972
02:46:34,308 --> 02:46:36,300
warm room with light covers. 
There's something 

2973
02:46:36,308 --> 02:46:38,900
psychologically comforting about
burrowing into blankets, 

2974
02:46:38,900 --> 02:46:42,100
creating your own warm. 
Microclimate, the way medieval 

2975
02:46:42,100 --> 02:46:46,400
bed curtains, once did Third. 
Consider the medieval approach 

2976
02:46:46,400 --> 02:46:49,800
to bedtime, routines, modern 
Sleep, Experts constantly, 

2977
02:46:49,800 --> 02:46:51,900
advised establishing, consistent
bedtime. 

2978
02:46:51,900 --> 02:46:55,400
Rituals and medieval people did 
exactly this with their evening 

2979
02:46:55,400 --> 02:46:57,400
prayers. 
Their fire Banking and their 

2980
02:46:57,400 --> 02:47:00,800
protective rituals these 
activities serve the Practical 

2981
02:47:00,800 --> 02:47:04,200
purpose of preparing for bed, 
while also signaling to the mind

2982
02:47:04,200 --> 02:47:08,500
and body that sleep was coming. 
Specific content of the ritual 

2983
02:47:08,500 --> 02:47:11,600
mattered, less than its 
consistency, and its role in 

2984
02:47:11,600 --> 02:47:13,600
marking the transition from day 
to night. 

2985
02:47:14,200 --> 02:47:16,600
You might not want to start 
Crossing yourself and reciting 

2986
02:47:16,600 --> 02:47:18,400
prayers to ward off demons 
though. 

2987
02:47:18,400 --> 02:47:20,200
If that works for you, go right 
ahead. 

2988
02:47:21,000 --> 02:47:24,200
But creating your own bed time. 
Ritual serves the same purpose. 

2989
02:47:25,400 --> 02:47:29,600
Making tea reading a few pages 
of an actual book doing some 

2990
02:47:29,600 --> 02:47:32,900
gentle stretching, or even just 
putting on specific sleepwear 

2991
02:47:32,900 --> 02:47:36,300
these activities signal to your 
brain that sleep time is 

2992
02:47:36,300 --> 02:47:37,900
approaching. 
Forth. 

2993
02:47:37,900 --> 02:47:40,500
There's something to learn from 
segmented, sleep. 

2994
02:47:41,300 --> 02:47:44,200
While we can't fully recreate 
medieval sleep patterns in our 

2995
02:47:44,200 --> 02:47:46,100
electric world. 
There's value in. 

2996
02:47:46,100 --> 02:47:48,100
Not panicking. 
If you wake up in the middle of 

2997
02:47:48,100 --> 02:47:51,900
the night, medieval people 
expected this wakeful period and

2998
02:47:51,900 --> 02:47:53,500
used it, productively and 
calmly. 

2999
02:47:54,100 --> 02:47:56,900
When we wake at 3 a.m. and 
immediately start stressing 

3000
02:47:56,900 --> 02:48:00,300
about how we should be asleep. 
We make the problem worse. 

3001
02:48:00,900 --> 02:48:03,300
If you awaken the night try 
adopting, a medieval approach 

3002
02:48:03,300 --> 02:48:07,000
except it lie there. 
Quietly think calm, thoughts, 

3003
02:48:07,000 --> 02:48:10,500
pray, if you're inclined that 
way or just rest peacefully, 

3004
02:48:10,500 --> 02:48:13,900
don't look at your phone. 
Don't turn on bright lights and 

3005
02:48:13,900 --> 02:48:16,300
don't start your day. 
Just exist. 

3006
02:48:16,300 --> 02:48:19,400
Calmly in the darkness for a 
while and you're likely drift 

3007
02:48:19,400 --> 02:48:23,200
back to sleep naturally. 
Fighting the wakefulness 

3008
02:48:23,200 --> 02:48:26,100
creates, anxiety that prevents 
sleep accepting. 

3009
02:48:26,100 --> 02:48:29,900
It often allows it to pass. 
Fifth, medieval people's 

3010
02:48:29,900 --> 02:48:31,700
physical exhaustion from daily 
labor. 

3011
02:48:31,700 --> 02:48:34,700
Meant they fell asleep easily. 
Despite uncomfortable 

3012
02:48:34,700 --> 02:48:37,500
conditions. 
Most of us aren't doing the kind

3013
02:48:37,500 --> 02:48:39,400
of physical work that left 
medieval people. 

3014
02:48:39,400 --> 02:48:42,600
Genuinely tired, by their time, 
were mentally exhausted. 

3015
02:48:42,600 --> 02:48:46,000
But physically under exercise, 
which is exactly the wrong 

3016
02:48:46,000 --> 02:48:49,300
combination for good sleep. 
Our brains are Wired from 

3017
02:48:49,300 --> 02:48:52,400
screen, time and stress but our 
bodies have not done enough to 

3018
02:48:52,400 --> 02:48:55,300
earn physical tiredness. 
The medieval lesson here is 

3019
02:48:55,300 --> 02:48:57,300
straightforward physical 
activity. 

3020
02:48:57,300 --> 02:48:59,500
During the day promotes better 
sleep at night. 

3021
02:48:59,500 --> 02:49:03,800
You don't need to plow fields or
walk, 20 miles, but you do need 

3022
02:49:03,800 --> 02:49:05,900
to move your body enough that 
it's ready for rest. 

3023
02:49:05,900 --> 02:49:09,200
Medieval people didn't need 
sleep podcasts or meditation 

3024
02:49:09,200 --> 02:49:12,400
apps because their bodies were 
genuinely ready to shut down at 

3025
02:49:12,400 --> 02:49:15,100
bed time. 
Sixth, there's the matter of 

3026
02:49:15,100 --> 02:49:18,600
expectations, medieval people, 
didn't expect, perfect Comfort, 

3027
02:49:18,600 --> 02:49:21,300
complete, silence or ideal 
conditions. 

3028
02:49:21,300 --> 02:49:24,000
They expected sleep to be 
somewhat challenging and 

3029
02:49:24,000 --> 02:49:28,100
uncomfortable, and they slept 
anyway, We modern people have 

3030
02:49:28,100 --> 02:49:31,400
such high expectations for our 
sleep that we create anxiety 

3031
02:49:31,400 --> 02:49:33,500
around it and that anxiety 
itself. 

3032
02:49:33,500 --> 02:49:37,000
Disrupts our rest. 
Sometimes the medieval approach 

3033
02:49:37,000 --> 02:49:40,100
of just accepting less than 
perfect conditions and sleeping 

3034
02:49:40,100 --> 02:49:42,400
anyway is the healthiest 
response. 

3035
02:49:42,400 --> 02:49:45,700
Your mattress might not be 
perfectly suited to your body. 

3036
02:49:45,700 --> 02:49:49,200
Your room might not be 
absolutely silent and your 

3037
02:49:49,200 --> 02:49:51,100
schedule might not align 
perfectly with your natural 

3038
02:49:51,100 --> 02:49:54,500
rhythms, and that's okay. 
Sleep does not require 

3039
02:49:54,500 --> 02:49:56,800
Perfection. 
It just requires good enough, 

3040
02:49:56,800 --> 02:50:00,700
conditions and a willingness to 
rest despite minor imperfections

3041
02:50:00,700 --> 02:50:03,900
finally, medieval sleep. 
Reminds us that community and 

3042
02:50:03,900 --> 02:50:07,100
connection matter for good. 
Rest sleeping completely alone 

3043
02:50:07,100 --> 02:50:10,700
in isolated rooms is actually a 
very modern phenomenon and it's 

3044
02:50:10,700 --> 02:50:12,700
not necessarily optimal for 
everyone. 

3045
02:50:13,600 --> 02:50:16,700
Presence of family members, pets
or Partners can provide comfort 

3046
02:50:16,700 --> 02:50:18,900
and security that promotes 
better sleep. 

3047
02:50:18,900 --> 02:50:23,600
Even if it all means occasional 
disruption, We don't need to 

3048
02:50:23,600 --> 02:50:26,400
return to Medieval communal, 
sleeping Arrangements, privacy 

3049
02:50:26,400 --> 02:50:29,400
and personal space are valuable.
But there's something to be said

3050
02:50:29,400 --> 02:50:31,200
for not sleeping in complete 
isolation. 

3051
02:50:31,200 --> 02:50:33,700
If it makes you anxious or 
uncomfortable. 

3052
02:50:33,700 --> 02:50:37,500
That dog on your bed, that 
partner beside you, that baby 

3053
02:50:37,500 --> 02:50:39,300
monitor connecting you to your 
children. 

3054
02:50:39,300 --> 02:50:42,900
These connections serve some of 
the same reassuring functions 

3055
02:50:42,900 --> 02:50:45,000
that communal medieval sleeping 
once did. 

3056
02:50:45,000 --> 02:50:48,100
Let's take a moment to imagine 
that you could somehow transport

3057
02:50:48,100 --> 02:50:51,100
your modern bedroom back to 
Medieval Times or bring a 

3058
02:50:51,100 --> 02:50:52,800
medieval sleeping space into the
present. 

3059
02:50:53,600 --> 02:50:57,800
The contrast would be startling 
but so would the similarities, a

3060
02:50:57,800 --> 02:51:00,400
medieval person visiting your 
bedroom would probably be most 

3061
02:51:00,400 --> 02:51:02,100
Amazed by the consistent 
temperature. 

3062
02:51:02,100 --> 02:51:06,100
The idea that you could keep an 
entire room warm all night every

3063
02:51:06,100 --> 02:51:09,900
night without anyone tending, a 
fire would seem like sorcery. 

3064
02:51:09,900 --> 02:51:12,300
They'd be fascinated by your 
light switches. 

3065
02:51:12,300 --> 02:51:16,000
The ability to banish Darkness 
with a simple gesture would be 

3066
02:51:16,000 --> 02:51:19,500
mind-boggling your mattress 
would feel incredibly soft and 

3067
02:51:19,500 --> 02:51:22,100
supportive. 
Your sheets impossibly smooth 

3068
02:51:22,100 --> 02:51:24,800
and clean. 
But they might also find your 

3069
02:51:24,800 --> 02:51:28,700
bedroom somewhat puzzling. 
Why is it so isolated from the 

3070
02:51:28,700 --> 02:51:31,500
rest of the house? 
Why do you sleep alone when 

3071
02:51:31,500 --> 02:51:34,800
having others nearby would be 
warmer safer and more 

3072
02:51:34,800 --> 02:51:37,700
comforting. 
Why do you have so much space? 

3073
02:51:37,700 --> 02:51:40,500
Dedicated solely to sleeping 
when that space could serve 

3074
02:51:40,500 --> 02:51:43,400
multiple functions? 
And why are you struggling to 

3075
02:51:43,400 --> 02:51:44,900
fall asleep in these perfect 
conditions? 

3076
02:51:44,900 --> 02:51:47,200
When they could sleep fine on a 
pile of straw? 

3077
02:51:47,900 --> 02:51:50,600
Conversely, if you were 
transported to a medieval bed 

3078
02:51:50,600 --> 02:51:52,900
chamber, you'd immediately 
notice the cold. 

3079
02:51:52,900 --> 02:51:57,200
Not just cool, but genuinely 
cold in a way that makes you 

3080
02:51:57,200 --> 02:51:59,800
want to keep all your clothes 
on, which is exactly what you 

3081
02:51:59,800 --> 02:52:02,000
do. 
Smell would be your next 

3082
02:52:02,000 --> 02:52:05,700
observation would smoke. 
Unwashed bodies old, straw, 

3083
02:52:05,700 --> 02:52:08,900
cooking, odors and various other
sense that we've trained 

3084
02:52:08,900 --> 02:52:12,800
ourselves not to tolerate. 
Your modern knows a custom to 

3085
02:52:12,800 --> 02:52:15,500
air fresheners and frequent 
laundering, would find the 

3086
02:52:15,500 --> 02:52:17,400
medieval bedroom environment 
challenging. 

3087
02:52:17,400 --> 02:52:20,600
The lack of privacy would 
probably bother you more than it

3088
02:52:20,600 --> 02:52:22,700
bothered. 
Medieval people knowing that 

3089
02:52:22,700 --> 02:52:26,300
your sharing sleeping space with
family members, servants, or 

3090
02:52:26,300 --> 02:52:28,500
even strangers at in, which 
would feel intrusive. 

3091
02:52:28,500 --> 02:52:31,800
You'd miss your ability to 
retreat into your own space. 

3092
02:52:31,800 --> 02:52:34,500
Close the door and have genuine 
solitude. 

3093
02:52:35,300 --> 02:52:38,100
This privacy that we take for 
granted was a luxury almost 

3094
02:52:38,100 --> 02:52:40,900
unknown. 
In medieval times, you'd also, 

3095
02:52:40,900 --> 02:52:43,700
notice the darkness in a way 
medieval people didn't because 

3096
02:52:43,700 --> 02:52:47,800
they never anything else. 
When the sun set and candles 

3097
02:52:47,800 --> 02:52:51,100
were extinguished, it would be 
darker than almost anywhere 

3098
02:52:51,100 --> 02:52:52,600
you've experienced in Modern 
Life. 

3099
02:52:53,300 --> 02:52:56,300
The darkness would feel 
oppressive at first maybe even 

3100
02:52:56,300 --> 02:52:58,500
frightening until you adjusted 
to it. 

3101
02:52:58,500 --> 02:53:00,300
The way medieval people lived 
with it every day. 

3102
02:53:01,300 --> 02:53:02,600
The Sounds would be different 
too. 

3103
02:53:03,500 --> 02:53:07,800
Instead of the white noise of 
HVAC systems refrigerators 

3104
02:53:07,800 --> 02:53:11,100
humming or distant traffic, 
you'd hear the sounds of other 

3105
02:53:11,100 --> 02:53:13,600
people. 
Sleeping breathing, snoring 

3106
02:53:13,600 --> 02:53:17,300
shifting position getting up to 
10 the fire or use the chamber 

3107
02:53:17,300 --> 02:53:20,000
pot. 
You'd hear animals both inside 

3108
02:53:20,000 --> 02:53:22,800
and outside the dwelling, you'd 
hear whether more directly 

3109
02:53:22,800 --> 02:53:24,600
because buildings were as well 
sealed. 

3110
02:53:24,600 --> 02:53:27,900
These organic sounds might 
actually be more soothing than 

3111
02:53:27,900 --> 02:53:30,800
modern mechanical noises or they
might keep you awake. 

3112
02:53:30,800 --> 02:53:33,300
All night. 
People's responses would vary 

3113
02:53:34,100 --> 02:53:38,000
The physical discomfort would be
real and unavoidable that straw 

3114
02:53:38,000 --> 02:53:41,300
mattress or even a better wolf. 
Stuffed one would feel lumpy 

3115
02:53:41,300 --> 02:53:45,100
uneven and unsupportive compared
to your modern mattress with its

3116
02:53:45,100 --> 02:53:48,200
carefully, engineered layers, 
the blankets would be heavy and 

3117
02:53:48,200 --> 02:53:51,800
Scratchy, you'd be cold on one 
side and two warm on the other. 

3118
02:53:52,600 --> 02:53:55,300
Your body would hurt from the 
poor support and awkward 

3119
02:53:55,300 --> 02:53:57,900
sleeping position. 
You can torture yourself into 

3120
02:53:57,900 --> 02:54:02,200
trying to get comfortable after 
a few nights assuming use of the

3121
02:54:02,200 --> 02:54:04,600
adjustment period. 
You'd probably start to adapt. 

3122
02:54:05,300 --> 02:54:08,800
Your body would get used to the 
temperature variations, The Firm

3123
02:54:08,800 --> 02:54:11,300
sleeping surface and the various
discomforts. 

3124
02:54:11,300 --> 02:54:13,800
You'd find positions that worked
reasonably. 

3125
02:54:13,800 --> 02:54:17,400
Well, you develop, calluses, 
both physical and mental against

3126
02:54:17,400 --> 02:54:21,300
the conditions and you'd sleep 
because fundamentally humans are

3127
02:54:21,300 --> 02:54:23,100
designed to sleep. 
Even in difficult circumstances,

3128
02:54:23,100 --> 02:54:28,100
this thought, experiment reveals
something important Comfort is 

3129
02:54:28,100 --> 02:54:31,200
relative and adaptive. 
What feels unbearably 

3130
02:54:31,200 --> 02:54:33,100
uncomfortable? 
Initially becomes tolerable. 

3131
02:54:33,100 --> 02:54:37,000
And eventually normal through 
repeated exposure, medieval 

3132
02:54:37,000 --> 02:54:39,400
people weren't tougher than us 
in any genetic sense. 

3133
02:54:39,400 --> 02:54:41,600
They were just adapted to 
different conditions. 

3134
02:54:42,600 --> 02:54:45,500
Similarly, were adapted to our 
comfortable modern conditions, 

3135
02:54:45,500 --> 02:54:48,900
which is why we find even minor 
deviation from optimal, sleep 

3136
02:54:48,900 --> 02:54:50,300
environments. 
So disturbing. 

3137
02:54:51,100 --> 02:54:54,500
It also highlights how much of 
Sleep Quality as mental, rather 

3138
02:54:54,500 --> 02:54:58,200
than purely physical medieval 
people, slept in objectively 

3139
02:54:58,200 --> 02:55:00,300
terrible conditions, but didn't 
lie. 

3140
02:55:00,300 --> 02:55:03,200
Awake stressing about whether 
they'd get enough rest or 

3141
02:55:03,200 --> 02:55:05,800
whether they're sleep. 
Environment was optimized, they 

3142
02:55:05,800 --> 02:55:09,800
just went to bed and slept We 
have objectively, excellent 

3143
02:55:09,800 --> 02:55:12,800
sleeping conditions, but often 
struggled because we've created 

3144
02:55:12,800 --> 02:55:16,900
psychological barriers around, 
sleep, expectations, anxiety, 

3145
02:55:16,900 --> 02:55:20,000
and beliefs about what we need 
that may or may not be accurate.

3146
02:55:21,000 --> 02:55:24,200
The technological advances we've
made in sleep comfort and 

3147
02:55:24,200 --> 02:55:26,400
genuine improvements. 
Let's not romanticize. 

3148
02:55:26,400 --> 02:55:29,700
Medieval sleeping conditions, 
which were often genuinely 

3149
02:55:29,700 --> 02:55:31,900
miserable. 
But we've also lost some 

3150
02:55:31,900 --> 02:55:35,000
resilience in the process. 
We've become so dependent on 

3151
02:55:35,000 --> 02:55:37,900
perfect conditions that minor 
disruptions can ruin our sleep 

3152
02:55:37,900 --> 02:55:40,600
entirely. 
Medieval people's ability to 

3153
02:55:40,600 --> 02:55:43,200
sleep despite imperfect 
conditions is worth remembering 

3154
02:55:43,200 --> 02:55:46,000
when our own sleep. 
Environment isn't quite ideal. 

3155
02:55:46,800 --> 02:55:48,800
As we near the end of our 
journey, through medieval 

3156
02:55:48,800 --> 02:55:51,300
knights, and as you prepare to 
drift off in your own 

3157
02:55:51,300 --> 02:55:54,000
comfortable bed. 
Let's reflect on what this 

3158
02:55:54,000 --> 02:55:56,700
exploration of medieval sleep 
reveals about The Human 

3159
02:55:56,700 --> 02:56:00,000
Experience of rest across time. 
Sleep is one of the most 

3160
02:56:00,008 --> 02:56:02,500
fundamental Human Experience is 
something. 

3161
02:56:02,500 --> 02:56:05,400
We share with our medieval 
ancestors and will share with 

3162
02:56:05,400 --> 02:56:08,900
future Generations. 
Specific conditions, change 

3163
02:56:08,900 --> 02:56:12,300
dramatically the materials, the 
technology, the social 

3164
02:56:12,300 --> 02:56:15,900
Arrangements, but the basic 
human need for rest safety. 

3165
02:56:15,900 --> 02:56:20,100
And renewal remains constant. 
A medieval person and a modern 

3166
02:56:20,100 --> 02:56:22,000
person both close their eyes at 
night. 

3167
02:56:22,000 --> 02:56:26,000
Both drift into dreams and both 
wake to face a new day. 

3168
02:56:26,700 --> 02:56:28,500
There's something oddly 
comforting about this 

3169
02:56:28,500 --> 02:56:31,700
continuity. 
For all the ways our world has 

3170
02:56:31,700 --> 02:56:34,700
changed for all the technology 
we've developed, and the social 

3171
02:56:34,708 --> 02:56:37,500
structures we've built, we still
need sleep. 

3172
02:56:37,500 --> 02:56:39,600
Just as much as medieval 
peasants did. 

3173
02:56:39,600 --> 02:56:41,700
We're not so different from 
them. 

3174
02:56:41,700 --> 02:56:44,900
In this fundamental way, their 
struggles to stay warm through 

3175
02:56:44,900 --> 02:56:49,500
cold nights to feel safe and 
darkness to find rest, despite 

3176
02:56:49,500 --> 02:56:51,600
discomfort. 
These are struggles. 

3177
02:56:51,600 --> 02:56:54,500
We can understand the cross. 800
years of History. 

3178
02:56:54,500 --> 02:56:57,900
Medieval people sold their sleep
problems with the resources. 

3179
02:56:57,900 --> 02:57:02,600
They had Woolen straw fire and 
faith community and resilience 

3180
02:57:03,400 --> 02:57:06,400
We solve ours with temperature 
control and memory foam, sleep 

3181
02:57:06,400 --> 02:57:10,500
apps and weighted blankets. 
The solutions are different but 

3182
02:57:10,500 --> 02:57:12,400
the underlying needs are the 
same. 

3183
02:57:13,500 --> 02:57:17,200
We both seek warmth safety, 
comfort, and rest. 

3184
02:57:18,200 --> 02:57:21,100
We both create rituals and 
routines to ease the transition 

3185
02:57:21,100 --> 02:57:24,500
from waking to sleeping. 
We both worry about not getting 

3186
02:57:24,500 --> 02:57:26,600
enough sleep though. 
We probably worried more about 

3187
02:57:26,600 --> 02:57:29,700
it than they did. 
The medieval relationship with 

3188
02:57:29,700 --> 02:57:32,400
sleep was more pragmatic and 
less, anxious than ours. 

3189
02:57:33,300 --> 02:57:35,400
They didn't have sleep 
specialists, or studies on 

3190
02:57:35,400 --> 02:57:38,600
optimal, sleep positions, they 
just went to bed when it got 

3191
02:57:38,600 --> 02:57:41,500
dark and got up when it got 
light with that interesting 

3192
02:57:41,500 --> 02:57:43,200
middle of the night in interval 
that we've lost. 

3193
02:57:44,000 --> 02:57:46,700
Their approach was less 
scientific but possibly less 

3194
02:57:46,700 --> 02:57:49,100
stressful. 
They didn't lie, awake worrying 

3195
02:57:49,100 --> 02:57:52,100
about whether they were sleeping
correctly, but they also dealt 

3196
02:57:52,100 --> 02:57:55,700
with genuine hardships, that we 
can barely imagine The cold that

3197
02:57:55,700 --> 02:57:59,000
seeped into your bones on winter
nights, the discomfort of 

3198
02:57:59,000 --> 02:58:00,600
sleeping surfaces that would 
fail. 

3199
02:58:00,600 --> 02:58:03,900
Any modern ergonomic test the 
smoke? 

3200
02:58:03,900 --> 02:58:07,700
That irritated your lungs, every
day of your life and the genuine

3201
02:58:07,700 --> 02:58:09,900
dangers from fire disease and 
violence. 

3202
02:58:09,900 --> 02:58:12,300
That made every night's rest 
somewhat precarious. 

3203
02:58:13,600 --> 02:58:16,100
We shouldn't romanticize these 
difficulties just because 

3204
02:58:16,100 --> 02:58:19,100
medieval people endured them. 
What we can take from medieval 

3205
02:58:19,100 --> 02:58:22,500
sleep, as a sense of proportion.
Yes, good sleep conditions 

3206
02:58:22,500 --> 02:58:26,000
matter and a worth pursuing. 
Perfect conditions aren't 

3207
02:58:26,000 --> 02:58:29,500
necessary for adequate rest and 
obsessing over optimization. 

3208
02:58:29,500 --> 02:58:31,400
Can create more problems than 
its Souls. 

3209
02:58:32,100 --> 02:58:35,800
Medieval people's ability to 
rest despite him Perfection is a

3210
02:58:35,800 --> 02:58:38,700
useful Counterpoint to our 
modern anxiety, about getting 

3211
02:58:38,700 --> 02:58:40,500
every detail of our sleep 
environment. 

3212
02:58:40,500 --> 02:58:41,600
Exactly. 
Right. 

3213
02:58:42,600 --> 02:58:45,300
We can also learn from their 
acceptance of natural rhythms 

3214
02:58:45,300 --> 02:58:47,900
and seasonal. 
Variations, the idea that you 

3215
02:58:47,908 --> 02:58:51,100
might sleep differently and 
winter than in summer that you 

3216
02:58:51,108 --> 02:58:53,200
might wake naturally in the 
middle of the night, and that's 

3217
02:58:53,200 --> 02:58:55,300
okay. 
And that sleep is influenced by 

3218
02:58:55,300 --> 02:58:57,900
natural cycles, rather than 
being a fixed requirement. 

3219
02:58:57,900 --> 02:59:00,600
You must meet precisely every 
night. 

3220
02:59:01,400 --> 02:59:04,900
These ideas offer a gentler more
flexible approach to rest. 

3221
02:59:05,600 --> 02:59:07,800
The medieval practice of 
preparing for sleep through 

3222
02:59:07,800 --> 02:59:10,800
ritual, where the prayers fire 
banking or other regular 

3223
02:59:10,800 --> 02:59:13,800
activities, reminds us. 
That sleep doesn't just happen. 

3224
02:59:13,800 --> 02:59:17,000
It's something we prepare for 
and enter into deliberately 

3225
02:59:17,000 --> 02:59:21,000
creating that transition period,
marking the boundary between day

3226
02:59:21,000 --> 02:59:23,100
and night. 
Helps our minds and bodies 

3227
02:59:23,100 --> 02:59:27,200
recognize when it's time to let 
go of waking concerns and enter 

3228
02:59:27,200 --> 02:59:29,700
into rest. 
And perhaps, most importantly, 

3229
02:59:29,700 --> 02:59:32,900
medieval sleep, reminds us that 
humans are remarkably adaptable.

3230
02:59:32,900 --> 02:59:36,400
We can sleep in difficult, 
conditions adjust to different 

3231
02:59:36,400 --> 02:59:40,200
arrangements and find rest, even
when circumstances are ideal, 

3232
02:59:41,000 --> 02:59:44,300
This resilience is still in us, 
even if we don't need to use it 

3233
02:59:44,300 --> 02:59:47,000
as often. 
When we Face disrupted sleep, 

3234
02:59:47,000 --> 02:59:51,500
travel stress illness, Life 
Changes, remembering that humans

3235
02:59:51,500 --> 02:59:54,200
have slept successfully under 
far more, challenging conditions

3236
02:59:54,200 --> 02:59:55,600
can help us maintain 
perspective. 

3237
02:59:56,700 --> 03:00:00,000
As you lie there, now, warm 
under your covers in your quiet 

3238
03:00:00,000 --> 03:00:02,100
room with its controlled 
temperature and comfortable 

3239
03:00:02,100 --> 03:00:04,400
mattress. 
Your experience, a level of 

3240
03:00:04,408 --> 03:00:07,300
sleep comfort that medieval 
people couldn't have imagined 

3241
03:00:07,300 --> 03:00:10,300
appreciate it because it's 
genuinely wonderful. 

3242
03:00:10,300 --> 03:00:13,500
But also know that, if 
circumstances ever required you 

3243
03:00:13,500 --> 03:00:17,400
to sleep, less comfortably, you 
could adapt, just as humans have

3244
03:00:17,400 --> 03:00:19,500
adapted to sleeping conditions 
throughout history. 

3245
03:00:20,700 --> 03:00:23,600
The medieval person struggling 
to stay warm under scratchy, 

3246
03:00:23,600 --> 03:00:26,700
wool blankets in a smoky Cottage
and you and your climate 

3247
03:00:26,700 --> 03:00:28,900
controlled bedroom are connected
by that. 

3248
03:00:28,900 --> 03:00:32,900
Fundamental human need for rest.
You both close your eyes against

3249
03:00:32,900 --> 03:00:36,800
the darkness that Consciousness 
fade and trust that sleep will 

3250
03:00:36,800 --> 03:00:41,500
restore you for another day. 
The specifics differ wildly, but

3251
03:00:41,500 --> 03:00:43,300
the essential experience is the 
same. 

3252
03:00:43,300 --> 03:00:47,000
So tonight, as you drift off 
your participating in a ritual 

3253
03:00:47,000 --> 03:00:50,000
that connects you to countless 
generations of humans who have 

3254
03:00:50,008 --> 03:00:53,900
sought rest in the Darkness. 
Some of them slept in Castle's 

3255
03:00:53,900 --> 03:00:58,100
and some in Cottages some on 
feather beds and some on piles 

3256
03:00:58,100 --> 03:01:00,200
of straw. 
But all of them closed their 

3257
03:01:00,200 --> 03:01:03,100
eyes, and slept, and woke, and 
lived their lives and passed 

3258
03:01:03,100 --> 03:01:05,800
into history. 
Their medieval knights along 

3259
03:01:05,800 --> 03:01:08,500
over but the human need for 
Sleep continues. 

3260
03:01:09,300 --> 03:01:10,000
Fire. 
They tended. 

3261
03:01:10,000 --> 03:01:12,200
So carefully has been replaced 
by your central. 

3262
03:01:12,200 --> 03:01:14,400
Heating. 
Their prayers for protection by 

3263
03:01:14,400 --> 03:01:17,700
your locked doors and alarm 
systems and their rough blankets

3264
03:01:17,700 --> 03:01:21,200
by your engineered bedding. 
But the Sleep itself that 

3265
03:01:21,200 --> 03:01:23,800
nightly letting go of 
Consciousness that trust in 

3266
03:01:23,800 --> 03:01:27,500
tomorrow's waking that Universal
human vulnerability and renewal 

3267
03:01:27,500 --> 03:01:31,200
remains unchanged. 
Sleep well, tonight, knowing 

3268
03:01:31,200 --> 03:01:34,100
your part of this long, human 
tradition of finding rest in 

3269
03:01:34,100 --> 03:01:37,700
darkness, safety and 
vulnerability and renewal in 

3270
03:01:37,700 --> 03:01:39,800
that mysterious daily. 
Death and rebirth. 

3271
03:01:39,800 --> 03:01:42,700
We call sleep. 
Medieval people did it with 

3272
03:01:42,700 --> 03:01:46,400
cruder tools but equal success. 
You'll do it with better tools 

3273
03:01:46,400 --> 03:01:49,800
but faced the same fundamental 
challenge to let go of today and

3274
03:01:49,800 --> 03:01:53,000
Trust in tomorrow. 
The medieval Knight has ended, 

3275
03:01:53,008 --> 03:01:56,400
but yours continues. 
Let the warmth of your bed 

3276
03:01:56,400 --> 03:02:00,300
surround you let the comfort of 
safety embrace you and let the 

3277
03:02:00,300 --> 03:02:03,200
quiet Darkness. 
Welcome you You don't need to 

3278
03:02:03,200 --> 03:02:05,500
bank fires or recite protective 
prayers. 

3279
03:02:05,500 --> 03:02:08,800
You don't need to worry about 
walls or demons or whether the 

3280
03:02:08,800 --> 03:02:11,800
that will hold against the rain.
You just need to close your 

3281
03:02:11,800 --> 03:02:15,200
eyes, breathe deeply and let 
yourself drift into that ancient

3282
03:02:15,200 --> 03:02:17,600
Universal. 
Human Experience of sleep. 

3283
03:02:18,500 --> 03:02:21,500
Medieval people did it. 
Your parents and grandparents 

3284
03:02:21,500 --> 03:02:23,100
did it. 
And you can do it too. 

3285
03:02:23,100 --> 03:02:25,900
Sweet dreams. 
And may you wake refreshed? 

3286
03:02:25,900 --> 03:02:29,300
Just as countless humans, have 
done across the centuries, from 

3287
03:02:29,300 --> 03:02:32,500
these cold, medieval mornings to
your comfortable, modern one. 

3288
03:02:40,200 --> 03:02:43,300
Your stepping into the everyday 
world of late 16th century and 

3289
03:02:43,300 --> 03:02:47,400
early 17th century, England away
from the theater and printed 

3290
03:02:47,400 --> 03:02:50,600
folios. 
Here in the regular rhythms of 

3291
03:02:50,600 --> 03:02:55,100
streets, lodging and households,
William Shakespeare lived a life

3292
03:02:55,100 --> 03:02:59,900
shaped by work travel and quiet.
Observation, this is the story 

3293
03:02:59,900 --> 03:03:03,200
of his ordinary days. 
You awaken a room where light 

3294
03:03:03,200 --> 03:03:07,800
filters through small Windows. 
The S smells of wood and wool. 

3295
03:03:08,600 --> 03:03:12,000
Whether you're in Stratford upon
Avon or in London mornings, 

3296
03:03:12,000 --> 03:03:15,400
begin with simple tasks. 
You pull on clothes that have 

3297
03:03:15,400 --> 03:03:17,200
been worn before and will be 
worn again. 

3298
03:03:18,000 --> 03:03:20,500
Choose a practical. 
The floor is cool. 

3299
03:03:20,500 --> 03:03:25,000
But if your feet In Stratford 
the house on Henley Street holds

3300
03:03:25,000 --> 03:03:28,800
the familiar sounds of family. 
Doors, open and close. 

3301
03:03:28,800 --> 03:03:34,000
Voices carry from room to room, 
your wife and manages the 

3302
03:03:34,000 --> 03:03:37,300
household, your children move 
through their own routines. 

3303
03:03:37,300 --> 03:03:40,900
You spend time here between 
stretches of work in London 

3304
03:03:40,900 --> 03:03:44,500
returning to a place where the 
streets are known and the face 

3305
03:03:44,500 --> 03:03:47,500
is a constant. 
The house itself is substantial 

3306
03:03:47,500 --> 03:03:50,900
Timber frames. 
Support the walls, the rooms are

3307
03:03:50,900 --> 03:03:53,900
divided by function. 
There was a hole for Gathering 

3308
03:03:53,900 --> 03:03:56,900
Chambers for sleeping and a 
kitchen for cooking the 

3309
03:03:56,900 --> 03:04:00,900
structure has stood for years. 
It will stand for years more, 

3310
03:04:00,900 --> 03:04:05,300
you know, every corner of it, 
your daughter's Susanna and 

3311
03:04:05,300 --> 03:04:09,200
Judith have their own lives 
within the household Suzanna is 

3312
03:04:09,200 --> 03:04:13,800
the elder serious and capable 
Judith is quieter and more 

3313
03:04:13,800 --> 03:04:16,400
reserved. 
You see them when you return 

3314
03:04:16,400 --> 03:04:20,000
from London, the time between 
visits means you notice their 

3315
03:04:20,000 --> 03:04:23,000
growth in southern jumps rather 
than gradual changes. 

3316
03:04:23,000 --> 03:04:28,200
Han is practical, she manages 
the property overseas Servants 

3317
03:04:28,200 --> 03:04:32,300
and handles daily Necessities. 
Your marriage is not passionate 

3318
03:04:32,300 --> 03:04:35,900
but it is functional. 
You respect each other you 

3319
03:04:35,900 --> 03:04:39,800
fulfill your roles when your 
home, you share meals and 

3320
03:04:39,800 --> 03:04:43,400
discuss household matters, when 
you are away, she continues 

3321
03:04:43,400 --> 03:04:46,500
without you. 
The town of Stratford is small 

3322
03:04:46,500 --> 03:04:48,200
enough that everyone knows 
everyone. 

3323
03:04:48,200 --> 03:04:51,800
You walk through the streets and
greet, Neighbors, The Baker, the

3324
03:04:51,800 --> 03:04:55,100
Smith, the tailor, these are 
people, you have known since 

3325
03:04:55,100 --> 03:04:58,000
childhood. 
They know your family, they know

3326
03:04:58,000 --> 03:05:00,500
your business. 
There is comfort in this 

3327
03:05:00,500 --> 03:05:03,800
familiarity. 
The river Avon runs through the 

3328
03:05:03,800 --> 03:05:07,100
town you walk along it, 
sometimes watching the water 

3329
03:05:07,100 --> 03:05:10,000
move. 
The sound is constant and 

3330
03:05:10,000 --> 03:05:14,000
soothing in summer. 
The banks are green in Winter. 

3331
03:05:14,000 --> 03:05:17,600
They are bare the river marks 
the seasons more clearly than 

3332
03:05:17,600 --> 03:05:21,300
the calendar. 
London is different, the city is

3333
03:05:21,300 --> 03:05:25,700
larger loud and more crowded. 
You Lodge in rooms near the 

3334
03:05:25,700 --> 03:05:29,100
Thames or in neighborhoods, 
where to work, as gather, the 

3335
03:05:29,100 --> 03:05:32,800
building's lean close to gather 
smoke rises from chimneys. 

3336
03:05:32,800 --> 03:05:37,700
The river moves, steadily 
carrying boats and barges. you 

3337
03:05:37,700 --> 03:05:40,100
walk the same routes often 
enough that your feet know, the 

3338
03:05:40,108 --> 03:05:44,700
turns your lodgings in London 
change over the years, he moved 

3339
03:05:44,700 --> 03:05:48,300
from one set of rooms to another
Sometimes you stay with other 

3340
03:05:48,300 --> 03:05:48,900
theater. 
People. 

3341
03:05:48,900 --> 03:05:51,600
Sometimes you rent a space above
a shop. 

3342
03:05:51,600 --> 03:05:53,500
The accommodations are 
temporary. 

3343
03:05:53,500 --> 03:05:55,900
You do not invest in making them
comfortable. 

3344
03:05:55,900 --> 03:05:58,500
There Are Places to sleep and 
work. 

3345
03:05:58,500 --> 03:06:02,000
Nothing more. 
The city streets are busy from 

3346
03:06:02,000 --> 03:06:03,600
the early morning until late 
evening. 

3347
03:06:04,300 --> 03:06:07,300
Carts Rumble over cobblestones 
vendors. 

3348
03:06:07,300 --> 03:06:09,600
Call out their Wares 
apprentices. 

3349
03:06:09,600 --> 03:06:13,400
Hurry to complete errands. 
You navigate through the crowd 

3350
03:06:13,400 --> 03:06:16,400
without much. 
Thought the motion is automatic.

3351
03:06:16,400 --> 03:06:19,400
You pass the same landmarks 
daily. 

3352
03:06:19,400 --> 03:06:24,000
Certain churches, certain 
Bridges certain Corners where 

3353
03:06:24,000 --> 03:06:27,300
streets meet. 
These markers help you Orient 

3354
03:06:27,300 --> 03:06:30,300
yourself. 
Even on foggy mornings or dark 

3355
03:06:30,300 --> 03:06:33,400
evenings, you know, where you 
are by the shape of buildings 

3356
03:06:33,400 --> 03:06:36,300
and the sounds around you. 
Mornings in London. 

3357
03:06:36,300 --> 03:06:38,600
Begin with the sound of carts 
and voices. 

3358
03:06:38,600 --> 03:06:42,000
You leave your lodging and step 
into streets already busy with 

3359
03:06:42,000 --> 03:06:45,500
work. 
Baker's Brewers merchants and 

3360
03:06:45,500 --> 03:06:49,300
laborers, move through their own
schedules, you pass them without

3361
03:06:49,300 --> 03:06:51,700
much. 
Notice, the rhythm of the city 

3362
03:06:51,700 --> 03:06:55,200
is constant and you are part of 
it, the smell of the city is 

3363
03:06:55,200 --> 03:06:59,900
distinctive smoke from fires. 
The Tang of the river horse dung

3364
03:06:59,900 --> 03:07:02,900
in the streets, cooking food 
unwashed bodies. 

3365
03:07:02,900 --> 03:07:06,700
You stop noticing after a while 
it becomes background. 

3366
03:07:06,700 --> 03:07:11,900
Like the noise you walk to the 
theater, The Globe stands, south

3367
03:07:11,900 --> 03:07:14,900
of the river around, wooden 
structure visible from a 

3368
03:07:14,900 --> 03:07:17,500
distance. 
You cross the Thames by boat or 

3369
03:07:17,500 --> 03:07:21,500
Bridge depending on the weather 
and the time the water is cold 

3370
03:07:21,500 --> 03:07:25,200
in Winter and calm in summer, 
Boatman call out to passengers, 

3371
03:07:25,200 --> 03:07:27,500
you pay your fare and step 
aboard. 

3372
03:07:27,500 --> 03:07:32,100
The boat ride is brief, you sit 
or stand among other passengers.

3373
03:07:32,100 --> 03:07:35,600
Some are going to the theater as
workers or Patron's. 

3374
03:07:35,600 --> 03:07:37,900
Others have different 
destinations. 

3375
03:07:38,600 --> 03:07:41,700
The boat rocks. 
Gently The Boatman works, the 

3376
03:07:41,700 --> 03:07:46,100
oars with practice deficiency. 
You watch the water or the far 

3377
03:07:46,100 --> 03:07:48,700
Bank. 
The walk from the bridge to the 

3378
03:07:48,700 --> 03:07:51,700
theater takes you through 
streets lined with workshops and

3379
03:07:51,700 --> 03:07:54,800
homes. 
You see the same buildings, the 

3380
03:07:54,800 --> 03:08:00,500
same signs and the same Corners.
The root becomes automatic, your

3381
03:08:00,500 --> 03:08:02,700
mind wanders, while your feet 
carry, you forward. 

3382
03:08:02,700 --> 03:08:06,800
You think about the work ahead 
Seen that needs revision. 

3383
03:08:06,800 --> 03:08:10,600
A line that felt awkward in 
yesterday's rehearsal a 

3384
03:08:10,600 --> 03:08:12,300
conversation, you need to have 
with an actor. 

3385
03:08:13,100 --> 03:08:15,300
These thoughts occupy you as you
walk. 

3386
03:08:16,000 --> 03:08:18,900
Inside the theater, the days 
work Begins. 

3387
03:08:18,900 --> 03:08:23,300
The space is open to the sky in 
the center, wooden benches and 

3388
03:08:23,300 --> 03:08:27,200
galleries surround the stage, 
the smell of sword and costumes,

3389
03:08:27,200 --> 03:08:31,200
fills the air. 
It has arrived and prepare. 

3390
03:08:32,100 --> 03:08:34,800
You speak with them about the 
days performance or the next 

3391
03:08:34,800 --> 03:08:38,800
rehearsal the conversations are 
practical lines are reviewed. 

3392
03:08:38,800 --> 03:08:42,000
Blocking is adjusted. 
Costume is a checked. 

3393
03:08:42,000 --> 03:08:44,700
The stage itself is a raised 
platform. 

3394
03:08:44,700 --> 03:08:49,400
Trapdoors allow actors to enter 
from below the balcony above 

3395
03:08:49,400 --> 03:08:53,800
serves as battlements bedrooms 
or upper Windows depending on 

3396
03:08:53,800 --> 03:08:56,600
the play. 
The architecture is simple but 

3397
03:08:56,600 --> 03:08:59,200
versatile. 
You write with these physical 

3398
03:08:59,200 --> 03:09:02,200
constraints. 
In mind, the backstage area is 

3399
03:09:02,200 --> 03:09:04,500
cramped costumes. 
Hang on. 

3400
03:09:04,500 --> 03:09:07,100
Pegs props are stacked in 
Corners. 

3401
03:09:07,100 --> 03:09:10,000
Actors change. 
Quickly pulling on robes or 

3402
03:09:10,008 --> 03:09:12,900
armor. 
The space is organized chaos. 

3403
03:09:12,900 --> 03:09:16,800
Everyone knows where things are 
supposed to be even if they are 

3404
03:09:16,800 --> 03:09:19,700
not always there. 
He write in the mornings or 

3405
03:09:19,700 --> 03:09:24,200
afternoon's depending on the 
schedule a table, a chair paper 

3406
03:09:24,200 --> 03:09:28,100
and ink. 
The tools are simple, you sit 

3407
03:09:28,100 --> 03:09:31,900
and work through scenes, 
revising lines, that felt rough.

3408
03:09:31,900 --> 03:09:36,200
The day before the process is 
slow, you cross out words, 

3409
03:09:36,200 --> 03:09:39,800
rewrite phrases and test Rhythm 
allowed to yourself. 

3410
03:09:40,700 --> 03:09:43,600
Writing is not magical. 
It is work. 

3411
03:09:43,600 --> 03:09:47,500
That requires focus and 
repetition, the ink you use is 

3412
03:09:47,500 --> 03:09:51,400
black and thin. 
Flows from the quill easily when

3413
03:09:51,400 --> 03:09:54,800
the quill is sharp. 
When the point dulls the writing

3414
03:09:54,800 --> 03:09:58,500
becomes scratchy you sharpen the
quill with a small knife. 

3415
03:09:58,500 --> 03:10:02,100
The motion is familiar. 
You've done it thousands of 

3416
03:10:02,100 --> 03:10:05,600
times paper is expensive but not
prohibitively. 

3417
03:10:05,600 --> 03:10:10,800
So you use it carefully margins 
are filled with notes Crossed 

3418
03:10:10,800 --> 03:10:14,600
Out Lines remain visible beneath
new ones each sheet represents 

3419
03:10:14,600 --> 03:10:17,100
money. 
So waste is minimized. 

3420
03:10:17,100 --> 03:10:19,400
You read what you've written 
allowed. 

3421
03:10:19,400 --> 03:10:22,500
Hearing the words reveals 
problems that reading silently 

3422
03:10:22,500 --> 03:10:25,800
does not. 
A rhythm that seemed on the page

3423
03:10:25,800 --> 03:10:30,100
sound awkward when spoken align 
that felt clever feels forced 

3424
03:10:30,100 --> 03:10:34,400
you adjust accordingly. 
Between rehearsals and 

3425
03:10:34,408 --> 03:10:37,500
performances, there are hours to
fill you walk. 

3426
03:10:37,500 --> 03:10:41,600
You observe you listen to 
conversations in markets and 

3427
03:10:41,600 --> 03:10:45,200
taverns, people speak about 
their work, their families, and 

3428
03:10:45,200 --> 03:10:47,800
their complaints. 
You remember fragments of 

3429
03:10:47,800 --> 03:10:52,400
speech, turns a phrase and the 
way anger or humor sound in 

3430
03:10:52,400 --> 03:10:55,500
different voices. 
These pieces find their way into

3431
03:10:55,500 --> 03:10:59,100
your writing later, the 
marketplace is particularly rich

3432
03:10:59,100 --> 03:11:03,300
with material arguments over 
prices, flirtations between 

3433
03:11:03,300 --> 03:11:06,300
vendors and customers. 
Complaints about the weather or 

3434
03:11:06,300 --> 03:11:09,400
the quality of goods you watch 
and listen without seeming to 

3435
03:11:10,400 --> 03:11:12,900
people do not perform, when they
think they are on observed, 

3436
03:11:12,900 --> 03:11:15,900
their natural behavior is more 
interesting than any 

3437
03:11:15,900 --> 03:11:19,300
performance. 
You notice physical details, how

3438
03:11:19,300 --> 03:11:23,000
a merchant shift his weight, 
when lying, how a woman adjusts 

3439
03:11:23,000 --> 03:11:27,000
her shawl, when cold, how a 
child tugs at a parent sleeve 

3440
03:11:27,000 --> 03:11:31,100
for attention, these small 
gestures reveal character, you 

3441
03:11:31,100 --> 03:11:34,900
file them away. 
In Stratford, the pace is 

3442
03:11:34,900 --> 03:11:37,100
slower. 
You walk through the town and 

3443
03:11:37,100 --> 03:11:40,900
into the countryside. 
Feels stretch out in all 

3444
03:11:40,900 --> 03:11:43,600
directions. 
The air is quieter. 

3445
03:11:43,600 --> 03:11:47,700
You visit family, handle 
business matters and to 

3446
03:11:47,700 --> 03:11:50,500
property. 
There are documents to sign 

3447
03:11:50,500 --> 03:11:55,400
rents to collect and agreements 
to make these tasks are 

3448
03:11:55,400 --> 03:11:58,700
necessary and unremarkable, you 
own property in and around 

3449
03:11:58,700 --> 03:12:01,300
Stratford, some of it produces 
income. 

3450
03:12:01,300 --> 03:12:04,500
Some of it is for your families.
Use you check on these 

3451
03:12:04,500 --> 03:12:07,900
properties when you are home, 
you speak with tenants you, 

3452
03:12:07,900 --> 03:12:09,800
inspect buildings for needed 
repairs. 

3453
03:12:09,800 --> 03:12:12,500
The work is mundane but 
important. 

3454
03:12:13,700 --> 03:12:16,600
Countryside around Stratford 
offers space and silence. 

3455
03:12:16,600 --> 03:12:20,400
You walk along paths, you have 
known since childhood the 

3456
03:12:20,400 --> 03:12:22,900
landscape changes with the 
seasons but remains 

3457
03:12:22,900 --> 03:12:26,800
fundamentally the same. 
Hill's in the distance, feels 

3458
03:12:26,800 --> 03:12:29,000
divided by hedgerows sheep 
grazing. 

3459
03:12:29,000 --> 03:12:32,900
The occasional Farmhouse. 
You think while walking not 

3460
03:12:32,900 --> 03:12:36,500
focused thoughts, but a kind of 
mental wandering ideas for 

3461
03:12:36,500 --> 03:12:41,600
scenes memories, observations 
about people, you have seen the 

3462
03:12:41,600 --> 03:12:45,400
walking itself, helps the 
thinking movement and thought to

3463
03:12:45,400 --> 03:12:47,700
Connected. 
You eat midday meals, wherever 

3464
03:12:47,700 --> 03:12:51,100
you happen to be in London, this
might mean a Tavern near the 

3465
03:12:51,108 --> 03:12:56,100
theater or stall selling bread 
and cheese in Stratford Mills 

3466
03:12:56,100 --> 03:12:59,200
are taken at home. 
The food is playing and filling 

3467
03:12:59,200 --> 03:13:03,700
bread. 
Meat vegetables, and Ale you eat

3468
03:13:03,700 --> 03:13:05,800
without ceremony and return to 
your work. 

3469
03:13:06,600 --> 03:13:08,600
Taverns in London. 
Vary in quality. 

3470
03:13:09,500 --> 03:13:13,000
Some are clean and well-kept, 
others are dark and smell of old

3471
03:13:13,000 --> 03:13:15,700
beer. 
You choose based on location and

3472
03:13:15,700 --> 03:13:20,000
familiarity rather than quality.
As long as the food is edible 

3473
03:13:20,000 --> 03:13:23,200
and the ale is drinkable The 
Tavern serves its purpose. 

3474
03:13:23,200 --> 03:13:27,700
You sit at communal tables 
strangers, sit beside you 

3475
03:13:27,700 --> 03:13:32,500
sometimes conversation starts, 
sometimes everyone eats in 

3476
03:13:32,500 --> 03:13:36,300
silence, your comfortable with 
both, you can be social when it 

3477
03:13:36,300 --> 03:13:40,100
serves you you can be invisible.
When you prefer the bread is 

3478
03:13:40,100 --> 03:13:43,600
coarse and dense. 
It fills your stomach, the meat 

3479
03:13:43,600 --> 03:13:48,000
is whatever is available that 
day beef, mutton, pork and 

3480
03:13:48,000 --> 03:13:51,700
chicken. 
It is cooked simply roasted or 

3481
03:13:51,700 --> 03:13:54,600
boiled. 
Vegetables are mostly Roots, 

3482
03:13:54,600 --> 03:13:59,100
turnips, carrots and onions. 
They are soft from long cooking.

3483
03:13:59,100 --> 03:14:03,500
After noon's, bring performance 
is or more writing if a play is 

3484
03:14:03,500 --> 03:14:05,600
being staged. 
You watch from the side or 

3485
03:14:05,600 --> 03:14:09,600
assist with last minute changes.
The actors perform the same line

3486
03:14:09,600 --> 03:14:12,300
you wrote but they add their own
interpretations. 

3487
03:14:12,300 --> 03:14:16,200
You notice what works and what 
does not you make mental notes 

3488
03:14:16,200 --> 03:14:20,100
for future revisions. 
The audience is varied grounding

3489
03:14:20,100 --> 03:14:24,000
stand in the yard, close to the 
stage, they allowed an active, 

3490
03:14:24,000 --> 03:14:30,500
they Heckle laugh and gas, their
reactions are immediate The 

3491
03:14:30,500 --> 03:14:32,300
wealthier patrons sit in the 
galleries. 

3492
03:14:32,300 --> 03:14:34,900
They are quieter, but no less 
engaged. 

3493
03:14:34,900 --> 03:14:37,100
You gauge the audience's 
response. 

3494
03:14:37,100 --> 03:14:41,200
When do they lean forward? 
When do they shift restlessly? 

3495
03:14:41,200 --> 03:14:45,200
When do they laugh? 
When do they fall silent these 

3496
03:14:45,200 --> 03:14:46,900
reactions? 
Tell you, what is working? 

3497
03:14:46,900 --> 03:14:50,500
A joke that lands in rehearsal 
might fall flat in performance? 

3498
03:14:50,500 --> 03:14:53,600
A serious moment. 
Might get an unexpected laugh. 

3499
03:14:53,600 --> 03:14:56,800
You just future performance is 
based on what you learn. 

3500
03:14:56,800 --> 03:15:01,900
If a scene drags, you tighten 
it, If a joke misses you replace

3501
03:15:01,900 --> 03:15:05,400
it, the plays are not fixed. 
They evolved with each 

3502
03:15:05,400 --> 03:15:08,500
performance when there is no 
performance, the afternoon is 

3503
03:15:08,500 --> 03:15:11,800
opened. 
You might read walk or visit. 

3504
03:15:11,800 --> 03:15:16,100
Someone time is not scared, but 
it is not wasted. 

3505
03:15:16,100 --> 03:15:20,300
You move through the hours with 
purpose, even when the purpose 

3506
03:15:20,300 --> 03:15:23,700
is simply rest. 
Reading offers its own 

3507
03:15:23,700 --> 03:15:28,100
Pleasures, you read. 
History is classical texts and 

3508
03:15:28,100 --> 03:15:31,900
poetry by other writers, the 
reading informs your writing 

3509
03:15:31,900 --> 03:15:36,900
without direct imitation. 
You absorb Styles, ideas and 

3510
03:15:36,900 --> 03:15:41,000
structures later, they emerged 
transformed in your own work. 

3511
03:15:41,700 --> 03:15:44,800
You read in your lodging or in 
quiet corners of the theater. 

3512
03:15:44,800 --> 03:15:49,100
The light needs to be good. 
You cannot read by candlelight 

3513
03:15:49,100 --> 03:15:50,800
for long without your eyes 
tiring. 

3514
03:15:50,800 --> 03:15:55,300
Daylight is better. 
Is your position yourself near a

3515
03:15:55,300 --> 03:15:58,000
window when possible. 
Some books are borrowed, some 

3516
03:15:58,000 --> 03:16:02,100
are purchased books are valuable
you treat them carefully, you do

3517
03:16:02,100 --> 03:16:05,500
not Mark the pages or bend the 
covers when you finish you 

3518
03:16:05,500 --> 03:16:10,200
return, borrowed books promptly,
evenings approach gradually the 

3519
03:16:10,200 --> 03:16:15,500
light changes Shadows length and
the city begins to settle in 

3520
03:16:15,500 --> 03:16:17,800
London. 
You return to your lodging or 

3521
03:16:17,800 --> 03:16:21,800
meet colleges at avern in 
Stratford, you remain at home. 

3522
03:16:22,600 --> 03:16:25,000
The transition from day to night
is gentle. 

3523
03:16:25,900 --> 03:16:28,400
Quality of light in late 
afternoon is soft. 

3524
03:16:28,400 --> 03:16:32,900
The harsh brightness of midday 
Fades colors. 

3525
03:16:32,900 --> 03:16:36,400
Become richer Shadows a longer 
and more dramatic. 

3526
03:16:36,400 --> 03:16:40,300
You notice these changes their 
affect your mood without you 

3527
03:16:40,300 --> 03:16:44,400
thinking about it consciously In
some summer, the days are long. 

3528
03:16:45,100 --> 03:16:48,400
Evening seems delayed. 
You work later because the light

3529
03:16:48,400 --> 03:16:51,700
permits it in winter. 
Darkness comes early. 

3530
03:16:52,400 --> 03:16:53,900
You're adjust your schedule 
accordingly. 

3531
03:16:54,800 --> 03:16:58,900
The seasons dictate rhythms, you
do not live a life of constant 

3532
03:16:58,900 --> 03:17:02,200
excitement, the days are built 
from routine. 

3533
03:17:02,200 --> 03:17:06,400
You walk the same streets, see 
the same faces and perform the 

3534
03:17:06,400 --> 03:17:09,800
same tasks. 
This repetition is not Dull it 

3535
03:17:09,800 --> 03:17:12,800
provides structure. 
It allows you to notice small 

3536
03:17:12,800 --> 03:17:16,900
changes to refine your 
observations and to build a life

3537
03:17:16,900 --> 03:17:19,700
that supports your work. 
The routine is comforting. 

3538
03:17:19,700 --> 03:17:23,300
You know what, each day will 
bring, there are variations, but

3539
03:17:23,300 --> 03:17:25,400
the overall pattern remains 
consistent. 

3540
03:17:25,400 --> 03:17:29,600
This predictability allows you 
to focus on the work rather than

3541
03:17:29,600 --> 03:17:33,100
on Logistics. 
You develop habits, you wake up 

3542
03:17:33,100 --> 03:17:36,800
at the same time, you eat at the
same time, you work during the 

3543
03:17:36,800 --> 03:17:39,500
same hours, these habits create 
efficiency. 

3544
03:17:39,500 --> 03:17:42,800
You do not waste energy to 
decide what to do next. 

3545
03:17:42,800 --> 03:17:47,000
You simply follow the pattern, 
Your relationship with both 

3546
03:17:47,000 --> 03:17:51,400
cities is practical, London 
offers work, income and 

3547
03:17:51,400 --> 03:17:56,100
connection to the theater world.
Stratford offers family property

3548
03:17:56,100 --> 03:17:59,400
and a slower Pace. 
You move between them regularly 

3549
03:17:59,400 --> 03:18:03,700
and to each place as needed. 
Neither feels more real than the

3550
03:18:03,700 --> 03:18:06,800
other. 
Both are part of your life, the 

3551
03:18:06,800 --> 03:18:09,600
journey between the cities takes
two or three days depending on 

3552
03:18:09,600 --> 03:18:12,700
conditions you travel on 
Horseback or by coach. 

3553
03:18:13,400 --> 03:18:15,200
The roads are rough in places 
smooth. 

3554
03:18:15,200 --> 03:18:18,200
In others. 
Rain makes the muddy dry weather

3555
03:18:18,200 --> 03:18:21,500
makes the dusty you stop at the 
same ends along the way. 

3556
03:18:21,500 --> 03:18:26,000
The innkeepers recognize you, 
they know your preferences, a 

3557
03:18:26,000 --> 03:18:29,400
room that is quiet a meal. 
That is simple ale. 

3558
03:18:29,400 --> 03:18:32,300
That is fresh. 
These small familiarities make 

3559
03:18:32,300 --> 03:18:35,400
travel easier you carry very 
little with you when you travel.

3560
03:18:36,300 --> 03:18:41,300
A few clothes papers and money. 
The journey between Stratford 

3561
03:18:41,300 --> 03:18:44,000
and London takes time but it is 
familiar. 

3562
03:18:44,000 --> 03:18:48,300
You know, the roads the Inns 
along the way and the rhythms of

3563
03:18:48,308 --> 03:18:53,700
travel you do not rush you 
arrive when you arrive the 

3564
03:18:53,700 --> 03:18:58,000
landscape changes as you travel.
Flat Fields, giveaway to Rolling

3565
03:18:58,000 --> 03:19:00,800
Hills Villages appear and 
disappear. 

3566
03:19:00,800 --> 03:19:03,800
You watch the scenery without 
much interest. 

3567
03:19:03,800 --> 03:19:06,900
It is pleasant, but not 
captivating. 

3568
03:19:07,900 --> 03:19:11,100
The real interest is in 
arriving, not in the journey 

3569
03:19:11,100 --> 03:19:14,100
itself. 
Other Travelers share the roads 

3570
03:19:14,100 --> 03:19:18,000
Merchants Messengers, and 
Farmers bringing Goods to 

3571
03:19:18,000 --> 03:19:20,600
Market. 
You exchanged, Greetings, or 

3572
03:19:20,600 --> 03:19:24,500
nots, Sometimes you ride 
alongside someone for a stretch.

3573
03:19:24,500 --> 03:19:29,300
Sometimes you travel alone at 
night, you settle into whichever

3574
03:19:29,300 --> 03:19:33,200
space, you occupy. 
The room is dark or lit by a 

3575
03:19:33,200 --> 03:19:36,500
single candle. 
You prepare for sleep by setting

3576
03:19:36,500 --> 03:19:40,000
aside, the day's concerns 
tomorrow will bring more of the 

3577
03:19:40,000 --> 03:19:43,700
same work, the same streets and 
the same routines. 

3578
03:19:43,700 --> 03:19:47,200
This predictability is 
comforting, you know what to 

3579
03:19:47,200 --> 03:19:51,100
expect? 
Transition from waking to 

3580
03:19:51,100 --> 03:19:55,500
sleeping is gradual, you do not 
fight it, you let tiredness 

3581
03:19:55,500 --> 03:19:58,700
overtake. 
You the day ends, the night 

3582
03:19:58,700 --> 03:20:03,200
begins sleep, will restore you 
for whatever tomorrow brings you

3583
03:20:03,200 --> 03:20:07,600
earn your living by writing This
is not a romantic Pursuit. 

3584
03:20:07,600 --> 03:20:11,600
It is a job that requires 
discipline skill and attention 

3585
03:20:11,600 --> 03:20:14,900
to deadlines. 
The theater company depends on 

3586
03:20:14,900 --> 03:20:18,000
new material or audience is 
expect a variety. 

3587
03:20:18,000 --> 03:20:21,700
You provide both. 
Your writing process is 

3588
03:20:21,700 --> 03:20:26,000
methodical, you sit with paper 
and Dink, you begin with an idea

3589
03:20:26,000 --> 03:20:30,900
a character or a situation. 
The first draft is rough, words 

3590
03:20:30,900 --> 03:20:33,400
come quickly, but they are not 
always the right words. 

3591
03:20:33,400 --> 03:20:37,700
You write through scenes 
testing, dialogue, building 

3592
03:20:37,700 --> 03:20:40,800
conflicts, and moving 
characters, from one moment to 

3593
03:20:40,800 --> 03:20:43,700
the next. 
The initial inspiration for a 

3594
03:20:43,700 --> 03:20:44,900
play. 
Can come from anywhere. 

3595
03:20:45,700 --> 03:20:49,200
A story. 
You heard a historical event an 

3596
03:20:49,200 --> 03:20:52,400
old play you want to improve? 
A character type, you want to 

3597
03:20:52,400 --> 03:20:56,300
explore the source matters less 
than what you do with it. 

3598
03:20:57,100 --> 03:21:01,000
You often work from existing 
stories histories of English 

3599
03:21:01,000 --> 03:21:04,800
kings, Italian Tales Roman 
biographies. 

3600
03:21:04,800 --> 03:21:08,200
These provide Frameworks, you 
adapt them. 

3601
03:21:08,200 --> 03:21:11,700
Change them and reshape them to 
suit your purposes. 

3602
03:21:12,600 --> 03:21:14,400
The bones of the story come from
elsewhere. 

3603
03:21:15,400 --> 03:21:18,600
Flesh is your own. 
Revision is where the real work 

3604
03:21:18,600 --> 03:21:21,800
happens. 
You read what you cross out 

3605
03:21:21,800 --> 03:21:25,000
lines, that feel false, you 
rewrite speeches, that lack 

3606
03:21:25,000 --> 03:21:30,100
Rhythm you tighten scenes that 
drag Process is slow and 

3607
03:21:30,100 --> 03:21:32,800
repetitive. 
You might spend days on a single

3608
03:21:32,800 --> 03:21:34,600
act, adjusting until it feels 
right. 

3609
03:21:35,400 --> 03:21:37,200
You read passages allowed to 
yourself? 

3610
03:21:38,100 --> 03:21:41,100
Sound matters. 
Align that looks good on paper. 

3611
03:21:41,100 --> 03:21:42,700
Might not sound right when 
spoken. 

3612
03:21:42,700 --> 03:21:45,100
The Rhythm needs to match the 
meaning. 

3613
03:21:45,900 --> 03:21:48,400
Stressed syllables need to fall 
in the right places. 

3614
03:21:48,400 --> 03:21:52,900
You count beats five beats per 
line from most beaches 10 

3615
03:21:52,900 --> 03:21:55,100
syllables the pattern is 
flexible. 

3616
03:21:55,100 --> 03:21:58,900
Not rigid you break it. 
When breaking it serves the 

3617
03:21:58,900 --> 03:22:02,700
meaning But the, underlying 
Rhythm provides structure. 

3618
03:22:02,700 --> 03:22:06,600
You revise dialogue to sound? 
Like speech not like writing. 

3619
03:22:07,400 --> 03:22:10,900
People interrupt each other, 
they leave sentences unfinished.

3620
03:22:10,900 --> 03:22:14,800
They repeat themselves. 
They use contractions your 

3621
03:22:14,800 --> 03:22:17,800
written dialogue needs to 
capture this naturalness while 

3622
03:22:17,800 --> 03:22:19,800
remaining clear enough for an 
audience to follow. 

3623
03:22:20,700 --> 03:22:22,400
The plays are written for 
performance. 

3624
03:22:22,400 --> 03:22:25,900
Not publication. 
You write with the voices of 

3625
03:22:25,900 --> 03:22:29,900
specific actors in mind, you 
know, their strengths, their 

3626
03:22:29,900 --> 03:22:32,900
ranges, and the types of roles 
they perform. 

3627
03:22:32,900 --> 03:22:35,900
Best this knowledge shapes, your
character's. 

3628
03:22:35,900 --> 03:22:38,400
You give certain actors, the 
roles that suit them. 

3629
03:22:38,400 --> 03:22:40,700
The writing is collaborative in 
this way. 

3630
03:22:40,700 --> 03:22:44,800
Even when you are alone at the 
table, Richard Burbage gets the 

3631
03:22:44,800 --> 03:22:47,800
leading tragic role's. 
He has the voice and presents 

3632
03:22:47,800 --> 03:22:51,500
for them will kempe. 
And later Robert Armin, get the 

3633
03:22:51,508 --> 03:22:55,000
comic roles they can improvise 
and you write space for them to 

3634
03:22:55,000 --> 03:22:57,900
do so. 
The Boy actors play the women. 

3635
03:22:57,900 --> 03:23:01,300
You write female roles that 
suit, their voices and 

3636
03:23:01,300 --> 03:23:03,600
abilities. 
You know, who will be available 

3637
03:23:03,600 --> 03:23:07,300
for each production. 
If a key actor is ill or away, 

3638
03:23:07,300 --> 03:23:13,000
you would just you rewrite roles
you redistribute lines, the play

3639
03:23:13,000 --> 03:23:15,400
must go on. 
So you make it work, you will 

3640
03:23:15,408 --> 03:23:18,600
also write poetry. 
Sonnets a longer narrative 

3641
03:23:18,600 --> 03:23:20,900
poems. 
These are different from plays. 

3642
03:23:20,900 --> 03:23:24,400
The structure is tighter. 
The language is denser. 

3643
03:23:24,400 --> 03:23:28,000
You write them for patrons for 
publication and for your own 

3644
03:23:28,000 --> 03:23:31,200
satisfaction. 
The income from poetry is less 

3645
03:23:31,200 --> 03:23:35,000
predictable than the income from
plays, but it adds variety to 

3646
03:23:35,000 --> 03:23:40,300
your work. the sonnets follow a 
strict form 14 lines a 

3647
03:23:40,300 --> 03:23:43,900
particular, rhyme scheme, 
specific meter, the constraints 

3648
03:23:43,900 --> 03:23:47,200
are part of the appeal, you find
Freedom within the restrictions,

3649
03:23:47,900 --> 03:23:51,400
the form forces you to be 
precise, you write narrative 

3650
03:23:51,400 --> 03:23:55,200
poems on commission, a patron, 
requests a poem, on a particular

3651
03:23:55,200 --> 03:23:58,900
subject, you research plan draft
and revise. 

3652
03:23:58,900 --> 03:24:02,300
The work is similar to writing 
plays, but with different 

3653
03:24:02,300 --> 03:24:05,700
technical demands, the language 
can be more elaborate. 

3654
03:24:05,700 --> 03:24:08,800
There is no need to consider how
it will sound on stage. 

3655
03:24:08,800 --> 03:24:11,500
The theater. 
Businesses is not just writing 

3656
03:24:11,500 --> 03:24:15,500
your part of a company, you 
attend meetings, you discuss 

3657
03:24:15,500 --> 03:24:19,600
which place to Stage, which 
roles to cast and which costs to

3658
03:24:19,600 --> 03:24:22,200
commission. 
You help manage, finance's, 

3659
03:24:22,200 --> 03:24:25,000
divide profits and handle 
disputes. 

3660
03:24:25,000 --> 03:24:28,100
The work is Administrative and 
necessary. 

3661
03:24:28,100 --> 03:24:31,900
The company is organized, as a 
partnership, several members 

3662
03:24:31,900 --> 03:24:33,800
owned shares, you are one of 
them. 

3663
03:24:34,700 --> 03:24:37,500
Gives you a say in decisions and
a share of the profits. 

3664
03:24:37,500 --> 03:24:39,700
It also means you share the 
risks. 

3665
03:24:39,700 --> 03:24:43,500
If a play fails, everyone loses 
money meetings, can be 

3666
03:24:43,500 --> 03:24:46,200
contentious different 
shareholders have different 

3667
03:24:46,200 --> 03:24:49,100
priorities. 
Someone wants to Stage a 

3668
03:24:49,100 --> 03:24:51,800
particular type of play. 
Someone else disagrees. 

3669
03:24:51,800 --> 03:24:56,700
You argue you compromise. 
Eventually decisions are made 

3670
03:24:56,700 --> 03:25:01,800
financial matters are complex 
ticket sales cost for costumes 

3671
03:25:01,800 --> 03:25:06,000
and props, rent for the theater 
space and payments to actors and

3672
03:25:06,000 --> 03:25:08,800
musicians. 
The accounts must be kept 

3673
03:25:08,800 --> 03:25:14,000
carefully, errors can lead to 
losses, or disputes rehearsals 

3674
03:25:14,000 --> 03:25:17,200
film many hours. 
You sit with actors and read 

3675
03:25:17,200 --> 03:25:21,800
through scenes, you clarify 
intentions, you suggest line 

3676
03:25:21,800 --> 03:25:25,000
readings, you adjust blocking. 
When something feels off? 

3677
03:25:25,800 --> 03:25:27,500
The actors offer their own 
ideas. 

3678
03:25:27,500 --> 03:25:30,900
You listen. 
Sometimes they're suggestions 

3679
03:25:30,900 --> 03:25:34,700
improve the work, sometimes you 
hold firm to your original 

3680
03:25:34,700 --> 03:25:36,900
Vision. 
Blocking is the physical 

3681
03:25:36,900 --> 03:25:41,200
movement on stage who enters 
from where, who stands where 

3682
03:25:41,200 --> 03:25:46,200
during a conversation, who moves
when These decisions affect how 

3683
03:25:46,200 --> 03:25:49,000
the audience understands 
relationships and intentions. 

3684
03:25:49,700 --> 03:25:53,400
You work with the actors to 
find, natural movements, an 

3685
03:25:53,400 --> 03:25:56,200
actor, might instinctively turn 
away during a particular line, 

3686
03:25:56,200 --> 03:26:00,300
This reveals something about the
character you notice and 

3687
03:26:00,300 --> 03:26:03,200
incorporate it. 
Some actors need more Direction 

3688
03:26:03,200 --> 03:26:06,900
than others experienced actors 
bring their own interpretations,

3689
03:26:06,900 --> 03:26:11,000
younger actors need guidance. 
You adjust your approach based 

3690
03:26:11,000 --> 03:26:15,000
on who you're working with. 
Props and costumes are discussed

3691
03:26:15,000 --> 03:26:18,200
during rehearsals. 
Does this character need a 

3692
03:26:18,200 --> 03:26:20,400
sword? 
Should this character wear a 

3693
03:26:20,400 --> 03:26:22,700
cloak? 
These are practical questions 

3694
03:26:22,700 --> 03:26:26,300
with our artistic implications. 
The visual elements support. 

3695
03:26:26,300 --> 03:26:30,100
The story performance is of the 
culmination of weeks, or months 

3696
03:26:30,100 --> 03:26:33,600
of work, you watch from 
backstage or from the galleries,

3697
03:26:33,600 --> 03:26:36,000
the audience responds in real 
time. 

3698
03:26:36,000 --> 03:26:41,100
They laugh gas gross silent or 
lose interest. 

3699
03:26:42,100 --> 03:26:43,900
Their reactions. 
Tell you what works? 

3700
03:26:44,700 --> 03:26:47,900
You take note? 
Future plays will reflect what 

3701
03:26:47,900 --> 03:26:50,500
you learn here. 
The Groundlings are the most 

3702
03:26:50,500 --> 03:26:53,900
vocal they shout comments. 
They boo villains. 

3703
03:26:53,900 --> 03:26:56,800
They cheer Heroes their energy 
effects. 

3704
03:26:56,800 --> 03:26:58,800
The performance actors feed off 
it. 

3705
03:26:58,800 --> 03:27:01,800
The galleries are quieter, but 
you can still gauge their 

3706
03:27:01,800 --> 03:27:04,600
engagement. 
Do they Lean Forward during 

3707
03:27:04,600 --> 03:27:07,300
tempts moments? 
Do they whisper to each other 

3708
03:27:07,300 --> 03:27:10,600
during boring stretches. 
You watch and learn. 

3709
03:27:11,500 --> 03:27:13,400
Some performances, go better 
than others. 

3710
03:27:13,400 --> 03:27:16,200
The actors might be particularly
sharp one day. 

3711
03:27:16,200 --> 03:27:18,700
The audience might be 
particularly receptive, 

3712
03:27:18,700 --> 03:27:23,500
everything clicks other days, 
the performances flat, the 

3713
03:27:23,500 --> 03:27:24,900
actors. 
Miscues. 

3714
03:27:24,900 --> 03:27:29,700
The audience is restless, you 
accept both the theater is a 

3715
03:27:29,700 --> 03:27:32,400
commercial Enterprise. 
So success is measured in 

3716
03:27:32,400 --> 03:27:36,100
ticket, sales and Repeat. 
Performance is you write plays 

3717
03:27:36,100 --> 03:27:39,400
that, people want to see, This 
does not mean, you write only 

3718
03:27:39,400 --> 03:27:43,100
for popularity but you are aware
of audience preferences. 

3719
03:27:44,000 --> 03:27:47,600
You balance your own interests 
with, what will draw a crowd 

3720
03:27:47,600 --> 03:27:52,500
comedies, generally draw larger 
crowds and tragedies people want

3721
03:27:52,500 --> 03:27:54,300
to laugh. 
They want entertainment. 

3722
03:27:55,500 --> 03:27:57,100
But tragedies have their 
audience too. 

3723
03:27:57,100 --> 03:28:02,100
The key is variety you write 
different types of plays to 

3724
03:28:02,100 --> 03:28:05,400
appear to different, moods 
historical plays, a popular 

3725
03:28:05,400 --> 03:28:08,700
English audience is want to see 
stories about their own Kings 

3726
03:28:08,700 --> 03:28:11,300
and battles. 
You give them these stories 

3727
03:28:11,300 --> 03:28:14,000
shape to emphasize the themes 
you find interesting. 

3728
03:28:14,000 --> 03:28:18,900
You write quickly when needed a 
play can be completed in weeks. 

3729
03:28:18,900 --> 03:28:23,200
If the company requires it. 
Other times you take longer. 

3730
03:28:23,900 --> 03:28:27,900
You revise old plays for new 
productions, you adapt stories 

3731
03:28:27,900 --> 03:28:30,400
from history, from Italian 
sources, and from English 

3732
03:28:30,400 --> 03:28:33,500
Legends. 
The Source material is a 

3733
03:28:33,500 --> 03:28:36,200
starting point. 
Finished play is your own. 

3734
03:28:37,400 --> 03:28:39,800
Speed does not necessarily mean 
lower quality. 

3735
03:28:39,800 --> 03:28:42,500
Some of your best work comes 
quickly. 

3736
03:28:42,500 --> 03:28:47,100
The idea is a clear, the 
execution is smooth, other 

3737
03:28:47,100 --> 03:28:51,800
players, labor along, requiring 
extensive revision, you keep old

3738
03:28:51,800 --> 03:28:54,700
drafts. 
Sometimes you return to a play, 

3739
03:28:54,700 --> 03:28:56,800
you wrote years ago and see ways
to improve it. 

3740
03:28:56,800 --> 03:29:01,900
You revise and the company 
stages, the new version, Players

3741
03:29:01,900 --> 03:29:05,100
renewed, your income comes from 
several streams. 

3742
03:29:05,100 --> 03:29:07,900
The theater company. 
Pays you for new plays. 

3743
03:29:07,900 --> 03:29:10,400
You receive a share of profits 
from performance. 

3744
03:29:10,400 --> 03:29:14,200
Is Patron's commission? 
Poems, you invest in property. 

3745
03:29:15,700 --> 03:29:17,600
The combination provides to 
stability. 

3746
03:29:17,600 --> 03:29:22,100
You're not wealthy but you are 
secure the share of profits 

3747
03:29:22,100 --> 03:29:25,300
varies depending on how well the
play performs and how many 

3748
03:29:25,300 --> 03:29:29,000
performance is a stage. 
A popular play brings in 

3749
03:29:29,000 --> 03:29:32,300
significant money. 
A play that closes after a few 

3750
03:29:32,308 --> 03:29:36,900
performance is brings in little 
Patronage is less reliable but 

3751
03:29:36,900 --> 03:29:40,400
potentially more lucrative. 
A wealthy Patron might pay 

3752
03:29:40,400 --> 03:29:44,700
handsomely for a poem, but 
patrons are unpredictable their 

3753
03:29:44,700 --> 03:29:47,200
favor. 
Can shift you do not depend on 

3754
03:29:47,200 --> 03:29:50,400
patronage alone. 
Property investment is your 

3755
03:29:50,400 --> 03:29:54,800
long-term security, you buy land
and buildings in Stratford. 

3756
03:29:54,800 --> 03:29:59,000
These provide rental income, 
they will support your family 

3757
03:29:59,000 --> 03:30:03,000
after you stop working, the 
Investments are practical, not 

3758
03:30:03,000 --> 03:30:07,800
speculative writing a solitary, 
but it exists within a social 

3759
03:30:07,800 --> 03:30:11,500
structure. 
You rely on actors stage hands. 

3760
03:30:11,500 --> 03:30:16,100
Musicians, and managers, they 
rely on you, the work is 

3761
03:30:16,100 --> 03:30:19,200
interdependent. 
A play, is not complete until it

3762
03:30:19,200 --> 03:30:22,600
is performed, and it cannot be 
performed without all these 

3763
03:30:22,600 --> 03:30:25,800
parts working together. 
The musicians, provide 

3764
03:30:25,800 --> 03:30:29,400
interludes and accompaniment, 
they play before the performance

3765
03:30:29,400 --> 03:30:33,600
during scene changes. 
And sometimes during scenes, 

3766
03:30:33,600 --> 03:30:37,900
their music sets the mood, you 
can consult with them about what

3767
03:30:37,900 --> 03:30:40,900
is needed. 
Stage hands, manage the physical

3768
03:30:40,900 --> 03:30:44,200
elements, they move props. 
They operate. 

3769
03:30:44,200 --> 03:30:46,900
The trap doors, they handle the 
curtains. 

3770
03:30:46,900 --> 03:30:50,500
Their work is invisible to the 
audience but essential to the 

3771
03:30:50,500 --> 03:30:53,700
performance. 
The theater manager handles 

3772
03:30:53,700 --> 03:30:54,500
business. 
Matters. 

3773
03:30:54,500 --> 03:30:58,600
Scheduling ticket sales. 
Negotiations, with authorities, 

3774
03:30:58,600 --> 03:31:03,000
you work with him to ensure the 
company operates smoothly, you 

3775
03:31:03,000 --> 03:31:06,600
keep notebooks small 
observations fragments of 

3776
03:31:06,608 --> 03:31:10,500
dialogue and ideas. 
For scenes, you write things 

3777
03:31:10,500 --> 03:31:13,200
down. 
When they occur to you, later 

3778
03:31:13,200 --> 03:31:17,400
you return to these notes. 
Some become plays others remain 

3779
03:31:17,400 --> 03:31:19,900
notes. 
The process of collecting and 

3780
03:31:19,900 --> 03:31:23,400
refining is ongoing the 
notebooks are small enough to 

3781
03:31:23,400 --> 03:31:25,300
carry with you. 
You pull them out. 

3782
03:31:25,300 --> 03:31:28,400
When something strikes, you a 
phrase overheard in the market, 

3783
03:31:28,400 --> 03:31:32,100
an interesting face in the 
crowd, a situation that could 

3784
03:31:32,100 --> 03:31:34,700
become a scene. 
You do not organize the 

3785
03:31:34,700 --> 03:31:37,000
notebook. 
Systematically ideas are 

3786
03:31:37,000 --> 03:31:39,800
recorded as they come. 
When you need something, you 

3787
03:31:39,800 --> 03:31:43,200
page through until you find it. 
The disorder does not bother 

3788
03:31:43,200 --> 03:31:45,900
you. 
The notes of you alone, the work

3789
03:31:45,900 --> 03:31:49,800
has its frustrations lines. 
You labored over for flat in 

3790
03:31:49,800 --> 03:31:54,300
performance actors forget cues 
audience is a distracted, 

3791
03:31:54,300 --> 03:31:58,300
whether affects attendance, the 
roof, leaks, during rain. 

3792
03:31:58,300 --> 03:32:02,400
These are practical problems 
with practical Solutions, you 

3793
03:32:02,400 --> 03:32:05,100
adjust and continued Reign 
drives away. 

3794
03:32:05,100 --> 03:32:08,100
The Groundlings, they will not 
stand in the yard getting 

3795
03:32:08,100 --> 03:32:11,300
soaked. 
The galleries stay Fuller but 

3796
03:32:11,300 --> 03:32:13,900
the energy is different. 
You might cut the performance. 

3797
03:32:13,900 --> 03:32:18,100
Sure to cancel entirely. 
Actors, forget lines. 

3798
03:32:18,100 --> 03:32:21,900
It happens, they improvised they
get back on track. 

3799
03:32:22,800 --> 03:32:26,300
If the problem is severe, you 
add extra rehearsals, you work 

3800
03:32:26,300 --> 03:32:29,400
with the actor individually. 
You also experience moments of 

3801
03:32:29,408 --> 03:32:32,400
satisfaction A scene lands. 
Exactly. 

3802
03:32:32,400 --> 03:32:36,900
As you hoped an actor, delivers 
a line with perfect timing, the 

3803
03:32:36,900 --> 03:32:40,300
audience is silent during a 
tense moment, then erupts in 

3804
03:32:40,300 --> 03:32:43,400
laughter or Applause. 
These moments are gratifying, 

3805
03:32:43,400 --> 03:32:46,700
but they do not change. 
The nature of the work tomorrow.

3806
03:32:46,700 --> 03:32:48,400
You will return to the table and
write. 

3807
03:32:48,400 --> 03:32:52,600
Again, the satisfaction is 
brief, you enjoy it in the 

3808
03:32:52,600 --> 03:32:55,200
moment. 
Then move on, there is always 

3809
03:32:55,200 --> 03:32:58,300
more work to do. 
The next play is already forming

3810
03:32:58,300 --> 03:33:01,200
in your mind. 
You do not think of yourself as 

3811
03:33:01,200 --> 03:33:05,000
exceptional, you're a working 
playwright in a city full of 

3812
03:33:05,000 --> 03:33:09,000
working playwrights, some are 
more successful summer less, 

3813
03:33:09,000 --> 03:33:11,900
you're somewhere in the middle 
producing work. 

3814
03:33:11,900 --> 03:33:13,700
That is reliable and 
occasionally. 

3815
03:33:13,700 --> 03:33:17,000
Excellent! 
This is enough Christopher. 

3816
03:33:17,000 --> 03:33:20,900
Marlowe was exceptional before 
his death, Ben Johnson is 

3817
03:33:20,900 --> 03:33:24,800
talented and ambitious, Thomas 
Dekker rights prolifically. 

3818
03:33:24,800 --> 03:33:28,400
You are one among several. 
The competition is healthy. 

3819
03:33:28,400 --> 03:33:32,900
It pushes you to improve the 
rhythm of writing rehearsing and

3820
03:33:32,900 --> 03:33:34,500
Performing becomes second 
nature. 

3821
03:33:35,500 --> 03:33:38,600
You know how long it takes to 
complete a draft, you know, how 

3822
03:33:38,600 --> 03:33:41,800
much time actors need to learn 
their lines, you know, when to 

3823
03:33:41,800 --> 03:33:44,500
push for changes and when to 
accept what has been done, 

3824
03:33:44,500 --> 03:33:48,600
experience teaches you these 
things, you can estimate 

3825
03:33:48,600 --> 03:33:51,500
accurately. 
Now, you know, a five-act play 

3826
03:33:51,500 --> 03:33:55,100
will take six to eight weeks to 
write if you work steadily, you 

3827
03:33:55,100 --> 03:33:57,000
know, rehearsals will take two 
to three weeks. 

3828
03:33:57,000 --> 03:34:01,200
You know, a successful play will
run for a dozen performances or 

3829
03:34:01,200 --> 03:34:03,500
more. 
You write in different moods. 

3830
03:34:03,500 --> 03:34:07,400
Sometimes the work flows easily 
other times. 

3831
03:34:07,400 --> 03:34:10,600
It is slow and difficult. 
You do not, wait for 

3832
03:34:10,600 --> 03:34:13,900
inspiration, you sit down and 
write regardless of how you 

3833
03:34:13,900 --> 03:34:16,800
feel. 
Discipline is more important 

3834
03:34:16,800 --> 03:34:20,400
than mood on difficult days. 
You produce fewer Pages. 

3835
03:34:20,400 --> 03:34:23,900
The words do not come easily. 
You force them any way. 

3836
03:34:24,700 --> 03:34:26,600
Forced work can be revised 
later. 

3837
03:34:26,600 --> 03:34:30,200
The important thing is to keep 
moving forward on. 

3838
03:34:30,200 --> 03:34:32,400
Good days, you write more than 
you expected. 

3839
03:34:32,400 --> 03:34:36,800
The ideas flow, the dialogue 
sound right on the first, try 

3840
03:34:36,800 --> 03:34:39,500
you ride the momentum as long as
it lasts. 

3841
03:34:40,200 --> 03:34:42,500
Your relationship with your own 
work is practical. 

3842
03:34:42,500 --> 03:34:46,800
You do not romanticize the 
process, you do not agonize over

3843
03:34:46,800 --> 03:34:50,100
every word you do, what is 
required and move forward. 

3844
03:34:51,000 --> 03:34:53,800
This approach allows you to 
produce a large body of work 

3845
03:34:53,800 --> 03:34:56,800
over many years. 
You're proud of some plays more 

3846
03:34:56,800 --> 03:34:58,900
than others. 
Some represent your best 

3847
03:34:58,900 --> 03:35:00,500
thinking and your finest 
language. 

3848
03:35:00,500 --> 03:35:03,100
Others are competent, but not 
exceptional. 

3849
03:35:03,100 --> 03:35:07,700
You accept this range. 
Not everything can be your best 

3850
03:35:07,700 --> 03:35:09,700
work. 
At the end of the day. 

3851
03:35:09,700 --> 03:35:12,500
You set aside the papers, the 
ink. 

3852
03:35:12,500 --> 03:35:16,100
Dries the words, remain on the 
page tomorrow. 

3853
03:35:16,100 --> 03:35:20,900
You will return to them. 
This is the pattern writing is 

3854
03:35:20,900 --> 03:35:23,600
not an event. 
It is a habit. 

3855
03:35:24,300 --> 03:35:29,700
The papers Stack Up pages of 
dialogue notes and revisions the

3856
03:35:29,700 --> 03:35:32,700
physical accumulation represent 
hours of work. 

3857
03:35:32,700 --> 03:35:36,100
You keep the drafts organized. 
Well enough to find what you 

3858
03:35:36,100 --> 03:35:38,700
need you waste paper when 
necessary. 

3859
03:35:38,700 --> 03:35:42,500
If page is so heavily revised 
that it is a legible, you copy 

3860
03:35:42,500 --> 03:35:45,200
it. 
Fresh the time spent copying is 

3861
03:35:45,200 --> 03:35:48,900
worth the clarity, the work 
continues, there is always 

3862
03:35:48,900 --> 03:35:52,400
another place to write another 
performance to attend and 

3863
03:35:52,400 --> 03:35:55,600
another revision to make the 
cycle repeats. 

3864
03:35:56,500 --> 03:36:00,200
This repetition is not tedious, 
it is the structure of your 

3865
03:36:00,200 --> 03:36:03,700
life, you spend time with other 
people, the theater world is 

3866
03:36:03,700 --> 03:36:08,700
small and the same faces appear 
regularly actors, playwrights 

3867
03:36:08,700 --> 03:36:13,000
managers, and musicians, you 
know, them by name, you know, 

3868
03:36:13,008 --> 03:36:15,500
their habits their skills and 
their temperaments. 

3869
03:36:15,500 --> 03:36:18,700
Richard Burbage is serious about
his craft. 

3870
03:36:18,700 --> 03:36:21,200
He prepares thoroughly for 
roles. 

3871
03:36:21,200 --> 03:36:25,000
He thinks deeply about character
conversations. 

3872
03:36:25,000 --> 03:36:26,500
With him are focused on the 
work. 

3873
03:36:26,500 --> 03:36:31,400
You respect is dedication. 
Will Kempy is boisterous. 

3874
03:36:31,400 --> 03:36:35,500
He jokes constantly, his energy.
Fills a room. 

3875
03:36:35,500 --> 03:36:39,600
He can also be difficult, his 
improvisation, sometimes go too 

3876
03:36:39,600 --> 03:36:42,500
far. 
You have learned to write roles 

3877
03:36:42,500 --> 03:36:44,200
that channel. 
His energy productively. 

3878
03:36:45,300 --> 03:36:48,600
Robert Armin, who replaces 
campaign is more subtle, his 

3879
03:36:48,600 --> 03:36:52,100
humor is verbal rather than 
physical You write different 

3880
03:36:52,100 --> 03:36:55,500
types of fools for him. 
The shift changes, the tone of 

3881
03:36:55,500 --> 03:37:00,000
your comedies taverns are common
gathering places after a 

3882
03:37:00,000 --> 03:37:02,600
performance or rehearsal the 
company goes to a nearby. 

3883
03:37:02,600 --> 03:37:07,600
Haven't you sit at a long table 
with others, poured bread and 

3884
03:37:07,600 --> 03:37:09,900
cheese, a shared conversations 
overlap. 

3885
03:37:09,900 --> 03:37:13,300
Someone tells a story, someone 
else, argues a point. 

3886
03:37:13,300 --> 03:37:17,200
You listen, more than you speak 
but you can contribute when it 

3887
03:37:17,200 --> 03:37:21,300
feels natural. 
The Tavern is warm and noisy. 

3888
03:37:22,200 --> 03:37:24,300
Smell of Ale and bodies as 
strong. 

3889
03:37:24,300 --> 03:37:28,400
The space is crowded. 
You sit shoulder to shoulder 

3890
03:37:28,400 --> 03:37:31,000
with others. 
The proximity is comfortable 

3891
03:37:31,000 --> 03:37:34,000
after years of it. 
You have your preferred seat? 

3892
03:37:35,300 --> 03:37:38,700
Near the end of the table. 
Close enough to hear but not at 

3893
03:37:38,700 --> 03:37:41,300
the center. 
This position allows you to 

3894
03:37:41,300 --> 03:37:43,400
participate or withdraw as you 
choose. 

3895
03:37:44,900 --> 03:37:48,700
The talk is often about work, 
which plays a drawing crowds, 

3896
03:37:48,700 --> 03:37:52,700
which actors are improving. 
What other companies are 

3897
03:37:52,700 --> 03:37:55,400
staging. 
The theater world is competitive

3898
03:37:55,400 --> 03:37:58,700
but not hostile. 
People share information, they 

3899
03:37:58,700 --> 03:38:01,400
offer advice, they complain 
about shared frustrations. 

3900
03:38:01,400 --> 03:38:04,200
You learn about other companies 
through these conversations. 

3901
03:38:04,200 --> 03:38:07,800
The Admirals men are staging a 
new play by Decker. 

3902
03:38:07,800 --> 03:38:10,300
The children of the chapel are 
performing at court. 

3903
03:38:10,300 --> 03:38:13,300
This information helps. 
You understand the landscape? 

3904
03:38:13,308 --> 03:38:17,600
It informs your own decisions. 
You also talk about other 

3905
03:38:17,600 --> 03:38:21,500
things. 
Politics gossip and Family 

3906
03:38:21,500 --> 03:38:24,900
Matters. 
The conversations ordinary you 

3907
03:38:24,900 --> 03:38:28,300
learn about someone sick, child 
someone's new lodging and 

3908
03:38:28,300 --> 03:38:29,900
someone's dispute with a 
landlord. 

3909
03:38:29,900 --> 03:38:34,200
These details do not affect you 
directly, but they are part of 

3910
03:38:34,200 --> 03:38:37,900
the fabric of social life. 
Politics are discussed 

3911
03:38:37,900 --> 03:38:40,700
cautiously. 
The authorities, monitor public 

3912
03:38:40,700 --> 03:38:43,800
discourse saying the wrong thing
can lead to trouble. 

3913
03:38:43,800 --> 03:38:47,400
You, listen to political talk 
but contribute little, you are 

3914
03:38:47,400 --> 03:38:51,100
aware of the risks, gossip is 
safer and more entertaining. 

3915
03:38:52,300 --> 03:38:54,600
Who is feuding with whom who is 
courting? 

3916
03:38:54,600 --> 03:38:59,200
Whom who has fallen out of favor
with a patron, the stories are 

3917
03:38:59,200 --> 03:39:02,300
repeated and embellished. 
You take them with skepticism 

3918
03:39:02,300 --> 03:39:05,600
friendships form. 
Slowly, you work with the same 

3919
03:39:05,600 --> 03:39:08,600
people for years trust. 
Builds through repeated 

3920
03:39:08,600 --> 03:39:11,500
interactions. 
You rely on certain actors to 

3921
03:39:11,500 --> 03:39:15,100
deliver difficult roles. 
They rely on you to write parts 

3922
03:39:15,100 --> 03:39:18,600
that suit them. 
This Mutual dependence creates a

3923
03:39:18,600 --> 03:39:20,100
bond that is professional and 
personal. 

3924
03:39:20,108 --> 03:39:23,600
You have friends, you do not 
work with often writers, you 

3925
03:39:23,608 --> 03:39:26,600
respect actors who have moved to
other companies. 

3926
03:39:27,400 --> 03:39:30,600
The friendships persist, even 
when work does not connect you, 

3927
03:39:30,600 --> 03:39:33,400
you see each other in taverns on
the street. 

3928
03:39:33,400 --> 03:39:37,700
And Gatherings, you have friends
outside the theater people, from

3929
03:39:37,700 --> 03:39:41,400
Stratford Neighbors in London. 
Merchants you deal with 

3930
03:39:41,400 --> 03:39:44,100
regularly. 
These relationships are less 

3931
03:39:44,100 --> 03:39:48,100
intense, but still meaningful, 
you exchanged, greetings, you 

3932
03:39:48,100 --> 03:39:49,700
help each other with small 
tasks. 

3933
03:39:49,700 --> 03:39:52,400
You maintain a presence in each.
Other's lives. 

3934
03:39:52,400 --> 03:39:56,100
Without Constant Contact. 
Your family in Stratford is a 

3935
03:39:56,100 --> 03:39:58,700
separate world and manages the 
household. 

3936
03:39:58,700 --> 03:40:03,900
The your daughter's grow older, 
your son hamnet is buried in 

3937
03:40:03,900 --> 03:40:06,200
Stratford. 
This loss is part of your life 

3938
03:40:06,200 --> 03:40:09,800
but you do not speak of it. 
Often grief is private, you 

3939
03:40:09,800 --> 03:40:15,400
carry it quietly. 
Hamnet died in 1596 he was 11. 

3940
03:40:15,400 --> 03:40:20,500
The loss was sudden and painful 
you were in London when it 

3941
03:40:20,500 --> 03:40:22,800
happened. 
By the time you returned to 

3942
03:40:22,808 --> 03:40:24,300
Stratford, he was already 
buried. 

3943
03:40:24,300 --> 03:40:29,400
The grief did not diminish over 
time, it simply became part of 

3944
03:40:29,400 --> 03:40:31,700
you. 
You do not write about the Greek

3945
03:40:31,700 --> 03:40:34,500
directly, but it seeps into your
work. 

3946
03:40:35,500 --> 03:40:39,000
Fathers, losing son's, children,
dying Young. 

3947
03:40:40,300 --> 03:40:43,000
Themes appear in plays written 
after his death. 

3948
03:40:44,000 --> 03:40:46,400
The connection is unconscious, 
but real. 

3949
03:40:47,300 --> 03:40:51,300
When you are in Stratford you 
participate, in local life, you 

3950
03:40:51,300 --> 03:40:54,900
attend church, you visit 
neighbors, handle business 

3951
03:40:54,900 --> 03:40:57,800
matters. 
People know you as a local man 

3952
03:40:57,800 --> 03:41:00,000
who works in London, your 
famous. 

3953
03:41:00,000 --> 03:41:03,400
A playwright is secondary to 
your role as a property owner 

3954
03:41:03,400 --> 03:41:06,400
and family man, Church 
attendance is required. 

3955
03:41:06,400 --> 03:41:09,000
You go to Holy Trinity. 
Church. 

3956
03:41:09,000 --> 03:41:12,000
Most Sundays when you're in 
Stratford, the service is 

3957
03:41:12,000 --> 03:41:14,700
familiar. 
The same prayers, the same 

3958
03:41:14,700 --> 03:41:19,500
Psalms you sit with your family,
the ritual is comforting, you 

3959
03:41:19,500 --> 03:41:22,600
know, the vicar you contribute 
to church repairs and 

3960
03:41:22,600 --> 03:41:24,900
maintenance. 
These are expected 

3961
03:41:24,900 --> 03:41:27,300
responsibilities for someone of 
your standing. 

3962
03:41:27,300 --> 03:41:29,500
You fulfill them without 
complaint. 

3963
03:41:30,100 --> 03:41:32,100
In London, you are more 
Anonymous. 

3964
03:41:32,100 --> 03:41:35,600
The city is large enough that 
you can move through it without 

3965
03:41:35,600 --> 03:41:38,900
constant recognition. 
You are known within the theater

3966
03:41:38,900 --> 03:41:42,500
Community, but outside it, you 
are just another man on the 

3967
03:41:42,508 --> 03:41:45,200
street. 
This and unlimited is useful. 

3968
03:41:45,200 --> 03:41:48,000
It allows you to observe without
being observed. 

3969
03:41:48,000 --> 03:41:51,400
You can sit in a Tavern and 
listen without people performing

3970
03:41:51,400 --> 03:41:54,500
for you, you can walk through 
markets and watch people 

3971
03:41:54,500 --> 03:41:57,400
interact naturally. 
This freedom to observe is 

3972
03:41:57,400 --> 03:42:00,000
valuable it. 
Feeds your work, you watch 

3973
03:42:00,000 --> 03:42:03,800
people, you notice how they 
walk, how they speak and how 

3974
03:42:03,800 --> 03:42:09,500
they react to each other markets
streets, taverns churches, every

3975
03:42:09,500 --> 03:42:11,900
space offers examples of human 
behavior. 

3976
03:42:11,900 --> 03:42:15,900
You collect these observations, 
they inform your writing with 

3977
03:42:15,900 --> 03:42:19,100
without you thinking about it 
consciously, a woman hackling 

3978
03:42:19,100 --> 03:42:22,700
over fish the way she gestures 
the tone of her voice when she 

3979
03:42:22,700 --> 03:42:26,700
feels cheated, the expression on
the fishmongers face, you file, 

3980
03:42:26,700 --> 03:42:29,700
these details away a child 
crying in the street. 

3981
03:42:30,500 --> 03:42:35,100
Parents response, impatient 
comforting angry. 

3982
03:42:35,100 --> 03:42:37,300
The interaction reveals the 
relationship. 

3983
03:42:37,300 --> 03:42:41,000
You remember it. 
Two men arguing their postures, 

3984
03:42:41,000 --> 03:42:43,000
their volume. 
The moment. 

3985
03:42:43,000 --> 03:42:47,600
One backs down the Dynamics of 
power and submission you noted 

3986
03:42:47,600 --> 03:42:52,100
all Social Gatherings are 
informal, someone invites a few 

3987
03:42:52,108 --> 03:42:54,700
people to their lodging. 
You sit and talk. 

3988
03:42:54,700 --> 03:42:59,200
There is no formal agenda, the 
conversation drifts from topic 

3989
03:42:59,200 --> 03:43:02,100
to topic. 
You might discuss a recent play,

3990
03:43:02,100 --> 03:43:04,600
a piece of news or a shared 
acquaintance. 

3991
03:43:05,800 --> 03:43:08,600
The atmosphere is relaxed. 
The Gatherings happen 

3992
03:43:08,600 --> 03:43:11,800
spontaneously. 
Someone mentioned an idea in 

3993
03:43:11,800 --> 03:43:14,200
passing others. 
Express interest. 

3994
03:43:15,400 --> 03:43:18,600
By evening a group. 
As assembled, Al is shared 

3995
03:43:18,600 --> 03:43:21,800
stories are told laughter fills 
the room. 

3996
03:43:21,800 --> 03:43:26,300
You enjoy these moments, the 
easy companionship, the lack of 

3997
03:43:26,300 --> 03:43:30,300
pressure, No one is performing. 
No one is trying to impress 

3998
03:43:30,300 --> 03:43:32,700
people are simply present with 
each other. 

3999
03:43:33,500 --> 03:43:35,900
You do not seek the company of 
the wealthy or powerful. 

4000
03:43:35,900 --> 03:43:39,600
Your patreons are part of your 
professional life, but not your 

4001
03:43:39,600 --> 03:43:42,200
social life. 
You maintain a respectful 

4002
03:43:42,200 --> 03:43:45,700
distance, you fulfill 
commissions you Express 

4003
03:43:45,700 --> 03:43:48,000
gratitude. 
You do not pretend to be 

4004
03:43:48,008 --> 03:43:49,000
something. 
You are not. 

4005
03:43:49,000 --> 03:43:52,000
The Earl of Southampton was an 
early Patron. 

4006
03:43:52,000 --> 03:43:56,200
He commissioned your narrative 
poems, you dedicated Venus and 

4007
03:43:56,200 --> 03:43:59,700
Adonis and the rape of Lucretia 
to him, the relationship was 

4008
03:43:59,700 --> 03:44:02,200
cordial. 
But formal, you understand the 

4009
03:44:02,200 --> 03:44:05,900
difference between Patron and 
friend, patrons provide money, 

4010
03:44:05,900 --> 03:44:09,700
friends, provide companionship. 
The two are not the same. 

4011
03:44:09,700 --> 03:44:13,000
Your relationships are built on 
practical foundations. 

4012
03:44:13,000 --> 03:44:17,700
You help people, they help you. 
You share resources information 

4013
03:44:17,700 --> 03:44:20,400
and time. 
These exchanges are not 

4014
03:44:20,408 --> 03:44:23,100
calculated. 
They are simply how things work.

4015
03:44:24,600 --> 03:44:27,800
An actor needs a place to stay, 
you know, someone with a room, 

4016
03:44:27,800 --> 03:44:32,100
you make the introduction later 
that actor, Returns the favor in

4017
03:44:32,100 --> 03:44:35,000
some way. 
The reciprocity is natural, a 

4018
03:44:35,000 --> 03:44:37,900
playwright needs information 
about a historical event, you 

4019
03:44:37,900 --> 03:44:41,600
lend him your book, he lends you
something later the exchanges 

4020
03:44:41,600 --> 03:44:44,200
build Goodwill. 
You see the same people in the 

4021
03:44:44,200 --> 03:44:47,000
same place as the predictability
is comforting? 

4022
03:44:47,000 --> 03:44:50,100
You know where to find someone, 
if you need them, you know, who 

4023
03:44:50,100 --> 03:44:53,200
will be at the tavern after a 
performance, you know who to ask

4024
03:44:53,200 --> 03:44:56,800
for help with a particular task,
the theater Community has its 

4025
03:44:56,800 --> 03:45:01,600
regular spots certain taverns 
certain streets, certain shops 

4026
03:45:01,600 --> 03:45:05,300
you move through these spaces 
and encounter familiar faces. 

4027
03:45:05,300 --> 03:45:09,100
The rhythm is steady conflicts. 
Arise occasionally? 

4028
03:45:09,100 --> 03:45:12,700
Someone feels slighted. 
Someone disagrees with the 

4029
03:45:12,700 --> 03:45:15,600
decision. 
These disputes are resolved 

4030
03:45:15,600 --> 03:45:20,000
through conversation compromise 
or simply letting time pass. 

4031
03:45:20,800 --> 03:45:24,200
You do not hold grudges, neither
do most of the people, you know,

4032
03:45:24,200 --> 03:45:28,500
the community is too small for 
long-term and mighty and actor 

4033
03:45:28,500 --> 03:45:30,100
feels. 
He was given a role beneath his 

4034
03:45:30,100 --> 03:45:33,300
abilities. 
He complains, you explain your 

4035
03:45:33,300 --> 03:45:36,200
reasoning, he accepts it, or he 
does not. 

4036
03:45:37,100 --> 03:45:40,900
Either way, the work continues, 
a disagreement about profit, 

4037
03:45:40,900 --> 03:45:44,800
sharing numbers are reviewed. 
The accounts are checked a 

4038
03:45:44,800 --> 03:45:48,000
resolution is reached. 
Dispute is forgotten. 

4039
03:45:48,000 --> 03:45:52,400
You also spend time alone 
between social engagements, you 

4040
03:45:52,400 --> 03:45:55,700
walk, or sit in your lodging 
Solitude is necessary. 

4041
03:45:55,700 --> 03:45:58,500
It allows you to process what 
you've seen and heard. 

4042
03:45:58,500 --> 03:46:02,500
It gives you space to think. 
Without distraction you need 

4043
03:46:02,500 --> 03:46:06,200
Solitude to write conversation. 
Fills your mind with other 

4044
03:46:06,200 --> 03:46:09,700
people's words alone. 
You can hear your own thoughts. 

4045
03:46:09,700 --> 03:46:14,700
The characters can speak you 
need Solitude to rest social 

4046
03:46:14,700 --> 03:46:18,400
interaction, even Pleasant 
interaction requires energy 

4047
03:46:18,400 --> 03:46:24,200
alone, you can simply be your 
social life is neither vibrant 

4048
03:46:24,200 --> 03:46:27,600
nor dull. 
It is consistent, you see, 

4049
03:46:27,600 --> 03:46:31,700
people regularly, you maintain 
connections, you can contribute 

4050
03:46:31,700 --> 03:46:35,700
to Shared activities, you 
receive support when needed this

4051
03:46:35,700 --> 03:46:38,600
network of relationships is part
of the structure that supports 

4052
03:46:38,600 --> 03:46:42,000
your work and your life. 
The network is invisible, most 

4053
03:46:42,000 --> 03:46:45,700
of the time you take it for 
granted, but when you need help,

4054
03:46:45,700 --> 03:46:49,500
it is There, someone knows 
someone who can solve a problem.

4055
03:46:49,500 --> 03:46:54,400
Information is passed along 
favors, are exchanged at the end

4056
03:46:54,400 --> 03:46:56,300
of the evening. 
You part ways, with friends and 

4057
03:46:56,300 --> 03:47:00,100
colleagues, you walk back to 
your lodging, the streets are 

4058
03:47:00,100 --> 03:47:02,100
quieter at night, you move 
through them. 

4059
03:47:02,100 --> 03:47:05,300
Without hurry tomorrow. 
You will see many of the same 

4060
03:47:05,300 --> 03:47:07,400
people. 
Again, the continuity is 

4061
03:47:07,400 --> 03:47:10,300
reassuring. 
The familiar faces are 

4062
03:47:10,300 --> 03:47:12,200
comforting. 
You do not have to explain 

4063
03:47:12,200 --> 03:47:14,300
yourself. 
You do not have to establish 

4064
03:47:14,300 --> 03:47:16,600
your identity. 
You are known. 

4065
03:47:16,600 --> 03:47:21,200
You are part of the community. 
This belonging is simple and 

4066
03:47:21,200 --> 03:47:24,000
deep rest is woven into your 
days. 

4067
03:47:24,000 --> 03:47:27,600
It is not separate from work. 
It is part of the pattern. 

4068
03:47:28,900 --> 03:47:32,000
You take breaks during writing 
after an hour or two at the 

4069
03:47:32,000 --> 03:47:34,100
table. 
You stand and stretch. 

4070
03:47:34,100 --> 03:47:38,300
You walk to the window, you look
out at the street or the river. 

4071
03:47:38,300 --> 03:47:41,000
The movement helps it clears 
your mind. 

4072
03:47:42,100 --> 03:47:44,300
When you sit back down the 
words, come a little easier. 

4073
03:47:44,300 --> 03:47:47,600
Your body grows. 
Stiff from sitting your back 

4074
03:47:47,600 --> 03:47:49,400
aches. 
Your shoulders, tighten. 

4075
03:47:50,400 --> 03:47:53,900
standing and moving releases, 
the tension you roll your neck, 

4076
03:47:53,900 --> 03:47:58,500
you flex your fingers, the 
relief is immediate, the view 

4077
03:47:58,500 --> 03:48:01,200
from your window changes, 
depending on where your lodging,

4078
03:48:01,800 --> 03:48:05,300
Sometimes you see the river, 
sometimes you see a narrow 

4079
03:48:05,300 --> 03:48:07,900
Street. 
Sometimes you see a courtyard, 

4080
03:48:07,900 --> 03:48:12,000
The View does not matter much. 
Looking at something distant 

4081
03:48:12,000 --> 03:48:16,200
rest, your eyes, afternoons, 
often include pauses if there is

4082
03:48:16,200 --> 03:48:18,500
no performance scheduled, you 
might sit in the theater 

4083
03:48:18,500 --> 03:48:21,200
Courtyard. 
Other company members do the 

4084
03:48:21,200 --> 03:48:24,200
same, you talk quietly or simply
sit in silence. 

4085
03:48:25,300 --> 03:48:27,500
The sun is warm, the breezes 
cool. 

4086
03:48:27,500 --> 03:48:31,000
These moments are unhurried. 
The courtyard is paved with 

4087
03:48:31,000 --> 03:48:34,400
stone benches line. 
The walls in summer. 

4088
03:48:34,400 --> 03:48:38,500
The space is Pleasant in Winter.
It is too cold for lingering. 

4089
03:48:39,200 --> 03:48:43,600
The seasonal Rhythm affect, how 
you rest you watch clouds, move 

4090
03:48:43,600 --> 03:48:46,500
across the sky. 
You notice the angle of the sun?

4091
03:48:46,500 --> 03:48:48,300
You feel the warmth on your 
face. 

4092
03:48:48,300 --> 03:48:52,800
These Sensations are simple and 
restorative travel between 

4093
03:48:52,800 --> 03:48:54,900
Stratford and London includes 
rest. 

4094
03:48:54,900 --> 03:48:58,900
The journey takes time. 
You stop at Inns along the way 

4095
03:48:58,900 --> 03:49:02,300
you eat a meal. 
You sleep in an unfamiliar bed 

4096
03:49:03,100 --> 03:49:04,800
The next morning you can 
continue. 

4097
03:49:05,800 --> 03:49:08,100
The rhythm of travel has its 
owner. 

4098
03:49:09,000 --> 03:49:11,800
Forced rest of travel is 
different from chosen rest. 

4099
03:49:12,700 --> 03:49:16,400
Cannot work while traveling. 
You cannot write effectively on 

4100
03:49:16,400 --> 03:49:20,500
Horseback or in a jolting coach,
you must simply be present in 

4101
03:49:20,500 --> 03:49:23,700
the journey. 
You watch the landscape, you 

4102
03:49:23,700 --> 03:49:26,900
think you sometimes drowse in 
the saddle? 

4103
03:49:26,900 --> 03:49:31,400
The horse knows the road, even 
when your attention wanders, In 

4104
03:49:31,400 --> 03:49:36,700
Stratford rest looks different. 
The town is quieter than London.

4105
03:49:37,700 --> 03:49:39,700
There are fewer demands on your 
time. 

4106
03:49:39,700 --> 03:49:44,500
You walk through Fields, you sit
in your garden, you spend time 

4107
03:49:44,500 --> 03:49:47,400
with family without the pressure
of performance, schedules or 

4108
03:49:47,400 --> 03:49:50,700
writing deadlines. 
The garden behind your house is 

4109
03:49:50,700 --> 03:49:55,500
modest, vegetables, herbs. 
And a few flowers, you sit on a 

4110
03:49:55,500 --> 03:49:58,700
bench and watch things grow. 
The pace of plant growth is 

4111
03:49:58,700 --> 03:50:01,800
slower than any human activity 
watching. 

4112
03:50:01,800 --> 03:50:05,500
It is calming, you pull a few 
weeds, you inspect the 

4113
03:50:05,500 --> 03:50:08,800
vegetables, these small tasks 
are restful, because they are 

4114
03:50:08,808 --> 03:50:12,400
simple and tangible, the results
are immediate and visible. 

4115
03:50:13,100 --> 03:50:15,200
You do not think of rest as 
indulgences. 

4116
03:50:15,200 --> 03:50:19,500
It is necessary. 
Your mind needs time to recover 

4117
03:50:19,500 --> 03:50:23,100
from the focus of writing. 
Your body needs time to recover 

4118
03:50:23,100 --> 03:50:25,800
from the physical demands of 
travel and City Life. 

4119
03:50:26,500 --> 03:50:30,500
Rest is practical without rest, 
your thinking becomes muddy 

4120
03:50:30,500 --> 03:50:36,300
words, do not come ideas, feel 
forced, rest clears, the fog it 

4121
03:50:36,300 --> 03:50:40,200
restores clarity. 
Without rest your body protests 

4122
03:50:40,200 --> 03:50:44,700
headaches, stiff joints 
exhaustion that sleep alone. 

4123
03:50:44,700 --> 03:50:49,300
Cannot fix rest prevents these 
problems you nap occasionally. 

4124
03:50:50,100 --> 03:50:52,700
In the middle of the afternoon. 
You lie down and close your 

4125
03:50:52,700 --> 03:50:55,600
eyes. 
The nap is short not deep. 

4126
03:50:56,500 --> 03:50:59,200
When you wake, you feel 
refreshed enough to continue the

4127
03:50:59,200 --> 03:51:01,500
days work, you do not undress 
for these naps. 

4128
03:51:02,500 --> 03:51:05,800
Is simply lie on the bed or on a
bench, you close your eyes. 

4129
03:51:05,800 --> 03:51:08,800
You drift for a quarter hour or 
half an hour. 

4130
03:51:09,600 --> 03:51:11,400
The rest is light, but 
effective. 

4131
03:51:11,400 --> 03:51:14,000
The room is quiet during these 
naps. 

4132
03:51:14,000 --> 03:51:16,400
The city sounds Fade to the 
background. 

4133
03:51:16,400 --> 03:51:20,900
You're breathing slows, your 
thoughts, scatter, and dissolve 

4134
03:51:20,900 --> 03:51:25,400
waiting is also a form of rest. 
You wait for actors to arrive at

4135
03:51:25,400 --> 03:51:28,800
rehearsal you wait for 
performances to begin you. 

4136
03:51:28,800 --> 03:51:30,300
Wait for the weather to clear 
before. 

4137
03:51:30,300 --> 03:51:34,700
Traveling, during these times, 
you are still, you let your 

4138
03:51:34,700 --> 03:51:37,600
thoughts wander. 
You notice details around you, 

4139
03:51:37,600 --> 03:51:42,000
waiting used to frustrate you 
now you accept it, the time will

4140
03:51:42,000 --> 03:51:45,100
pass whether you are impatient 
or not better to be calm. 

4141
03:51:45,100 --> 03:51:48,700
You observe while waiting the 
way light falls on a wall. 

4142
03:51:48,700 --> 03:51:50,600
The sound of someone's 
footsteps. 

4143
03:51:50,600 --> 03:51:52,800
The smell of bread baking 
nearby. 

4144
03:51:53,800 --> 03:51:57,200
Waiting becomes observation 
evening's, bring a natural 

4145
03:51:57,200 --> 03:52:00,800
slowering, the light Fades work.
Becomes harder. 

4146
03:52:01,500 --> 03:52:05,400
You accept this and shift your 
focus, you might read in stead 

4147
03:52:05,400 --> 03:52:08,400
of, right, you might sit with 
others and of sitting alone. 

4148
03:52:08,400 --> 03:52:12,000
The transition is gentle. 
The transition happens without 

4149
03:52:12,000 --> 03:52:16,400
decision, your body knows when 
the working day is ending, your 

4150
03:52:16,400 --> 03:52:18,300
mind begins to release its 
focus. 

4151
03:52:18,300 --> 03:52:22,900
You do not fight this. 
You allow the shift You rest 

4152
03:52:22,900 --> 03:52:24,900
your eyes by looking at distant 
things. 

4153
03:52:24,900 --> 03:52:27,800
After hours of reading or 
writing, you look out the 

4154
03:52:27,800 --> 03:52:29,800
window. 
You watch people move on the 

4155
03:52:29,800 --> 03:52:32,400
street. 
You watch clouds, or Birds, 

4156
03:52:33,500 --> 03:52:38,900
Shift in focus is soothing close
work strains, the eyes, the 

4157
03:52:38,900 --> 03:52:41,400
small letters, blur your eyes 
water. 

4158
03:52:42,500 --> 03:52:46,200
Looking at distant objects, 
relaxes the muscles, the blur 

4159
03:52:46,200 --> 03:52:51,200
clears, physical rest matters, 
you walk regularly, which keeps 

4160
03:52:51,200 --> 03:52:54,500
your body active, but you all 
know when to sit or lie down, 

4161
03:52:54,500 --> 03:52:57,500
you do not push yourself to 
exhaustion. 

4162
03:52:57,500 --> 03:53:00,700
You recognize the signs of 
fatigue and respond to them. 

4163
03:53:00,700 --> 03:53:05,300
Exhaustion makes you stupid your
judgment fails. 

4164
03:53:05,300 --> 03:53:08,900
Your patience thins. 
Rest prevents this 

4165
03:53:08,900 --> 03:53:13,300
deterioration, you protect your 
capacity to think by protecting 

4166
03:53:13,300 --> 03:53:16,100
your energy. 
Rest is not always silent. 

4167
03:53:16,100 --> 03:53:20,100
Sometimes you rest by talking 
with others, the conversation is

4168
03:53:20,100 --> 03:53:22,400
light. 
No one is performing or making 

4169
03:53:22,400 --> 03:53:25,600
arguments. 
You simply exchanged words, the 

4170
03:53:25,600 --> 03:53:28,900
social connection itself is 
restful, talk about nothing. 

4171
03:53:28,900 --> 03:53:33,400
Important, the weather a meal, 
someone enjoyed a minor 

4172
03:53:33,400 --> 03:53:35,800
inconvenience. 
The topic do not matter. 

4173
03:53:35,800 --> 03:53:40,200
The companionship is the point 
laughter, is restful a good 

4174
03:53:40,200 --> 03:53:44,600
joke, a funny story. 
The release of laughter eases 

4175
03:53:44,600 --> 03:53:49,000
tension, you feel lighter, 
afterward, you rest in familiar 

4176
03:53:49,000 --> 03:53:53,000
places, your lodging, in London,
your home in Stratford the 

4177
03:53:53,000 --> 03:53:55,400
theater. 
When it is empty, these spaces 

4178
03:53:55,400 --> 03:53:57,800
are known. 
You do not have to navigate, or 

4179
03:53:57,800 --> 03:54:02,600
adjust, you can simply be 
Familiar spaces, require no. 

4180
03:54:02,600 --> 03:54:04,700
Thought, you know where 
everything is? 

4181
03:54:04,700 --> 03:54:06,800
You do not have to orient 
yourself. 

4182
03:54:06,800 --> 03:54:10,600
The mental ease is part of the 
rest, you have favorite spots. 

4183
03:54:11,300 --> 03:54:15,000
A particular chair, a certain 
bench in the garden, a corner of

4184
03:54:15,008 --> 03:54:18,400
the theater. 
These places hold associations 

4185
03:54:18,400 --> 03:54:20,900
with rest. 
Sit in them triggers, 

4186
03:54:20,900 --> 03:54:24,100
relaxation. 
Sleep is the deepest rest but it

4187
03:54:24,100 --> 03:54:26,900
is preceded by smaller forms of 
rest throughout the day. 

4188
03:54:26,900 --> 03:54:31,100
These pauses accumulate, they 
prevent the kind of exhaustion 

4189
03:54:31,100 --> 03:54:34,400
that makes work impossible. 
They sustain you over long 

4190
03:54:34,400 --> 03:54:37,000
periods, the small rests are 
invisible. 

4191
03:54:37,000 --> 03:54:39,100
You do not think of them as 
rest. 

4192
03:54:39,900 --> 03:54:42,900
But they add up. 
They maintain your capacity to 

4193
03:54:42,900 --> 03:54:45,300
work. 
You do not schedule, rest 

4194
03:54:45,300 --> 03:54:50,100
rigidly it happens naturally. 
When you are tired, you stop. 

4195
03:54:50,900 --> 03:54:54,300
When you are refreshed, you can 
continue the rhythm is 

4196
03:54:54,300 --> 03:54:57,500
intuitive. 
Your body tells you when to rest

4197
03:54:58,300 --> 03:55:01,500
Heaviness in the limbs 
difficulty, concentrating. 

4198
03:55:01,500 --> 03:55:05,400
These signals are reliable. 
You listen to them. 

4199
03:55:05,400 --> 03:55:09,300
Sometimes rest is interrupted an
urgent matter. 

4200
03:55:09,300 --> 03:55:13,600
Arises a performance is 
scheduled unexpectedly. you 

4201
03:55:13,600 --> 03:55:17,200
adjust you rest when you can not
always when you prefer 

4202
03:55:18,100 --> 03:55:22,200
Interruptions are part of life, 
you do not resent them, you 

4203
03:55:22,200 --> 03:55:25,400
handle what needs handling then 
return to rest when possible? 

4204
03:55:26,300 --> 03:55:29,900
The quality of rest varies. 
Some days, a short Breakers 

4205
03:55:29,900 --> 03:55:33,400
enough other days, you need 
more, you listen to your body 

4206
03:55:33,400 --> 03:55:37,000
and mind you respond 
accordingly, deep fatigue 

4207
03:55:37,000 --> 03:55:40,800
requires deep rest, a full 
night's sleep a day without 

4208
03:55:40,800 --> 03:55:43,300
work. 
You recognize when you need this

4209
03:55:43,300 --> 03:55:47,800
and try to provide it like 
fatigue requires less a brief, 

4210
03:55:47,808 --> 03:55:50,500
pause a walk, a change of 
activity. 

4211
03:55:50,500 --> 03:55:53,400
You calibrate your response to 
your need. 

4212
03:55:54,200 --> 03:55:58,300
Rest is not dramatic, it is not 
an escape or a reward. 

4213
03:55:58,300 --> 03:56:01,200
It is simply part of living, you
work. 

4214
03:56:01,200 --> 03:56:05,000
You rest and you work again. 
The cycle is steady. 

4215
03:56:05,000 --> 03:56:08,500
The steadiness is reliable. 
You trust the Rhythm. 

4216
03:56:08,500 --> 03:56:12,800
You know, rest will come this. 
Trust allows you to work fully 

4217
03:56:12,800 --> 03:56:15,900
because you know, restoration is
built into the pattern. 

4218
03:56:16,700 --> 03:56:19,700
At the end of the day. 
Rest prepares you for sleep. 

4219
03:56:19,700 --> 03:56:23,600
You slow down. 
Gradually, you complete final 

4220
03:56:23,600 --> 03:56:26,000
tasks. 
You settle your thoughts. 

4221
03:56:26,000 --> 03:56:28,900
By the time you lie down. 
Your body is ready. 

4222
03:56:29,800 --> 03:56:31,900
The evening wind down is 
deliberate. 

4223
03:56:31,900 --> 03:56:35,800
You do not work until the moment
you collapse into bed, you 

4224
03:56:35,800 --> 03:56:38,000
create space between work and 
sleep. 

4225
03:56:38,800 --> 03:56:42,100
This space eases the transition 
you eat. 

4226
03:56:42,100 --> 03:56:46,700
Simple food bread is a constant.
It is fresh in the morning and 

4227
03:56:46,700 --> 03:56:49,200
harder by evening. 
You eat it with butter or 

4228
03:56:49,200 --> 03:56:51,900
cheese. 
Sometimes you dip it in ale or 

4229
03:56:51,908 --> 03:56:54,800
broth. 
Bread is the foundation of every

4230
03:56:54,800 --> 03:56:57,700
meal. 
When bread is scarce hunger, 

4231
03:56:57,700 --> 03:57:02,200
fills, more urgent when bread is
abundant even a plain meal, 

4232
03:57:02,200 --> 03:57:05,200
feels adequate the bread varies 
and quality. 

4233
03:57:05,200 --> 03:57:09,300
Sometimes it is light and well 
risen, sometimes it is dense and

4234
03:57:09,300 --> 03:57:13,900
coarse the grain used affects 
the taste and texture wheat. 

4235
03:57:13,900 --> 03:57:16,800
Bread is preferable, but Riley 
is more common. 

4236
03:57:16,800 --> 03:57:21,700
You develop preferences bread 
from a particular, the right 

4237
03:57:21,700 --> 03:57:24,900
degree of doneness. 
You notice these things without 

4238
03:57:24,900 --> 03:57:28,500
being particular about them 
meals in London or often at 

4239
03:57:28,500 --> 03:57:30,000
taverns. 
You order. 

4240
03:57:30,000 --> 03:57:33,500
What is available? 
Meet pies, roasted foul and 

4241
03:57:33,508 --> 03:57:38,500
vegetables, boiled or baked. 
Food is hot and filling you eat 

4242
03:57:38,500 --> 03:57:41,100
without ceremony. 
The plate is emptied. 

4243
03:57:41,100 --> 03:57:43,900
You return to work? 
Tavern. 

4244
03:57:43,900 --> 03:57:45,900
Food is reliable in its 
mediocrity. 

4245
03:57:45,900 --> 03:57:48,000
It is rarely! 
Excellent! 

4246
03:57:48,000 --> 03:57:51,900
It is rarely terrible. 
It serves its purpose which is 

4247
03:57:51,900 --> 03:57:56,700
to fuel your body for more work.
Meat pies are convenient, the 

4248
03:57:56,700 --> 03:58:00,300
crust, holds the filling you can
eat while walking if needed. 

4249
03:58:01,200 --> 03:58:03,800
The Filling is usually mutton or
pork with some gravy. 

4250
03:58:04,500 --> 03:58:07,800
Roasted foul is chicken or K-pop
sometimes duck. 

4251
03:58:08,500 --> 03:58:12,100
The meat is cooked until tender,
the skin is crisp. 

4252
03:58:12,100 --> 03:58:15,600
You eat it with your fingers 
tearing pieces from the carcass 

4253
03:58:15,600 --> 03:58:20,800
in Stratford meals are prepared 
at home and the household staff 

4254
03:58:20,800 --> 03:58:23,500
cook over the fire. 
You eat at the table with 

4255
03:58:23,500 --> 03:58:28,000
family, the food is familiar 
mutton, pork root, vegetables 

4256
03:58:28,000 --> 03:58:30,900
and bread. 
Meals are served at regular 

4257
03:58:30,900 --> 03:58:35,400
times, you know what to expect? 
A predictability of home cooked 

4258
03:58:35,400 --> 03:58:39,500
meals as comforting, you know, 
the Kooks habits, you know, what

4259
03:58:39,500 --> 03:58:41,200
will be served on particular 
days? 

4260
03:58:41,200 --> 03:58:44,100
The food is simple but carefully
prepared. 

4261
03:58:45,000 --> 03:58:48,600
And manages the household 
accounts and ensures nothing is 

4262
03:58:48,600 --> 03:58:51,300
wasted. 
Meals are planned around what is

4263
03:58:51,308 --> 03:58:54,500
available and affordable. 
You eat together when possible. 

4264
03:58:54,500 --> 03:58:57,600
The family gathers at the table 
you say grace. 

4265
03:58:58,600 --> 03:59:01,500
Food is passed conversation 
happens naturally. 

4266
03:59:01,500 --> 03:59:05,000
The meal is a point of 
connection ale is the common 

4267
03:59:05,000 --> 03:59:09,500
drink, water is less reliable. 
You drink ale with meals and 

4268
03:59:09,500 --> 03:59:13,100
between meals. 
It is mild not strong, it 

4269
03:59:13,100 --> 03:59:15,900
quenches thirst without 
affecting your ability to work, 

4270
03:59:15,900 --> 03:59:19,400
ale is brutal. 
Locally the quality varies by 

4271
03:59:19,400 --> 03:59:23,400
Brewer, you know which Ale House
is serve better ale you prefer 

4272
03:59:23,400 --> 03:59:26,200
them when you have a choice. 
The AIL is slightly sweet and 

4273
03:59:26,200 --> 03:59:28,300
slightly bitter. 
It has substance. 

4274
03:59:28,300 --> 03:59:30,400
It is more nourishing than 
water. 

4275
03:59:30,400 --> 03:59:33,000
You drink from wooden or pewter 
cups. 

4276
03:59:33,000 --> 03:59:36,400
The cups are refilled as needed,
drinking is continuous 

4277
03:59:36,400 --> 03:59:39,500
throughout the day. 
Why is occasional when you have 

4278
03:59:39,500 --> 03:59:41,300
extra money, or when a patron 
offers it? 

4279
03:59:41,300 --> 03:59:44,800
You drink wine. 
It is richer than ale, you drink

4280
03:59:44,800 --> 03:59:47,600
it slowly, it accompanies 
special occasions. 

4281
03:59:47,600 --> 03:59:51,100
Not daily routines. 
Why is imported and expensive? 

4282
03:59:51,100 --> 03:59:55,600
Red wine from France, or Spain, 
white wine from the Rhine. 

4283
03:59:55,600 --> 03:59:58,700
The Taste is complex and 
unfamiliar to your Every day 

4284
03:59:58,700 --> 04:00:02,800
palette, you appreciate wine 
when it is, offered you save it 

4285
04:00:02,800 --> 04:00:07,600
but you do not crave it. 
Ale suits, you fine, you eat 

4286
04:00:07,600 --> 04:00:11,300
fruit when it's in season 
apples, pears and berries. 

4287
04:00:12,300 --> 04:00:16,800
Fruit is fresh for a brief time,
then gone, you enjoy it while it

4288
04:00:16,800 --> 04:00:20,200
lasts. 
In Winter, you eat dried fruit 

4289
04:00:20,200 --> 04:00:23,700
or none, at all? 
Fresh fruit is a summer pleasure

4290
04:00:23,700 --> 04:00:27,600
berries picked from hedgerows 
apples from the orchard. 

4291
04:00:27,600 --> 04:00:30,400
The sweetness and Juice are 
welcome. 

4292
04:00:30,400 --> 04:00:33,500
After the heavier foods of 
winter, dried fruit keeps 

4293
04:00:33,500 --> 04:00:39,400
through winter apples, and pears
sliced thin and dried raisins 

4294
04:00:39,400 --> 04:00:41,400
and currants. 
They are sweet. 

4295
04:00:41,400 --> 04:00:44,500
And chewy, cheese and eggs are 
reliable. 

4296
04:00:44,500 --> 04:00:47,800
You eat them off. 
Often cheese is packed for 

4297
04:00:47,800 --> 04:00:50,400
travel. 
Eggs are cooked in various ways 

4298
04:00:50,400 --> 04:00:54,900
both provide nourishment without
much preparation, cheeses, hard 

4299
04:00:54,900 --> 04:00:59,500
and keeps well You cut slices 
from the wheel, you eat it with 

4300
04:00:59,500 --> 04:01:02,600
bread. 
The flavor is sharp and salty, 

4301
04:01:02,600 --> 04:01:05,200
eggs are boiled fried or 
scrambled. 

4302
04:01:05,200 --> 04:01:07,600
They are filling and quick to 
prepare. 

4303
04:01:07,600 --> 04:01:11,700
You eat them for breakfast. 
Often meals with colleagues of 

4304
04:01:11,700 --> 04:01:15,100
social, you sit together at a 
long table, food is passed 

4305
04:01:15,100 --> 04:01:19,600
around people serve themselves. 
The conversation continues while

4306
04:01:19,600 --> 04:01:22,600
you eat. 
The meal is not the focus but it

4307
04:01:22,600 --> 04:01:25,500
creates a shared space. 
Eating together, builds 

4308
04:01:25,500 --> 04:01:30,400
camaraderie the act of sharing 
food is bonding, you talk and 

4309
04:01:30,400 --> 04:01:35,200
eat simultaneously. 
The informality is Pleasant, you

4310
04:01:35,200 --> 04:01:38,800
learn about people over meals, 
their appetites Their Manners, 

4311
04:01:38,800 --> 04:01:42,500
their preferences these details.
Add to your understanding of 

4312
04:01:42,500 --> 04:01:46,900
them, you do not overeat 
portions are moderate, you eat 

4313
04:01:46,900 --> 04:01:51,000
enough to feel satisfied. 
Not stuffed excess is rare and 

4314
04:01:51,000 --> 04:01:53,700
unpleasant overeating makes you 
sluggish. 

4315
04:01:53,700 --> 04:01:58,400
Your mind dulls, your body feels
heavy, you avoid this. 

4316
04:01:58,400 --> 04:02:03,300
When possible you eat until the 
hunger is gone, then stop the 

4317
04:02:03,300 --> 04:02:06,600
discipline is automatic. 
You do not need to think about 

4318
04:02:06,600 --> 04:02:09,000
it. 
In these along the road between 

4319
04:02:09,000 --> 04:02:12,700
Stratford and London, offer 
predictable meals, you order the

4320
04:02:12,700 --> 04:02:15,700
stew or the roast. 
You drink ale, you eat bread, 

4321
04:02:15,700 --> 04:02:18,900
the quality varies but the 
format does not. 

4322
04:02:18,900 --> 04:02:23,700
You know what you are getting in
food, is utilitarian it fills 

4323
04:02:23,700 --> 04:02:26,200
the stomach? 
It provides energy for the next 

4324
04:02:26,200 --> 04:02:28,800
day's travel. 
You do not expect pleasure from 

4325
04:02:28,800 --> 04:02:30,600
it. 
Some innings are better than 

4326
04:02:30,600 --> 04:02:33,300
others. 
You remember, which ones you 

4327
04:02:33,300 --> 04:02:36,800
plan your stops accordingly when
possible Comfort comes from 

4328
04:02:36,800 --> 04:02:41,100
warmth and routine. 
A hot meal on a cold day, A 

4329
04:02:41,100 --> 04:02:44,100
Familiar dish after a long 
journey, the taste of bread 

4330
04:02:44,100 --> 04:02:46,900
baked the same way your family 
as always baked it. 

4331
04:02:47,600 --> 04:02:51,500
The small consistencies matter. 
Hot food on a cold day. 

4332
04:02:51,500 --> 04:02:54,900
Warms you from the inside the 
heat spreads through your body. 

4333
04:02:54,900 --> 04:02:59,000
You feel restored, Familiar 
food, connects you to home to 

4334
04:02:59,000 --> 04:03:02,800
Childhood to continuity. 
The Taste is memory made 

4335
04:03:02,800 --> 04:03:04,900
tangible. 
You do not spend much time 

4336
04:03:04,900 --> 04:03:08,300
thinking about food. 
It is fuel, it is Comfort. 

4337
04:03:08,300 --> 04:03:12,700
It is part of the day you eat 
when you are hungry, you stop 

4338
04:03:12,700 --> 04:03:15,400
when you are full. 
Food serves a function. 

4339
04:03:15,400 --> 04:03:19,300
It does not need to be more than
adequate when it is better than 

4340
04:03:19,300 --> 04:03:22,100
adequate. 
You notice and appreciate it but

4341
04:03:22,100 --> 04:03:25,100
you do not require it. 
Special occasions. 

4342
04:03:25,100 --> 04:03:28,900
Bring different food. 
A feast at a patron house, a 

4343
04:03:28,900 --> 04:03:30,100
celebration with the theater 
company. 

4344
04:03:31,200 --> 04:03:33,900
Food is richer and more varied. 
You enjoy it. 

4345
04:03:33,900 --> 04:03:35,700
But you do not crave it 
regularly. 

4346
04:03:36,600 --> 04:03:40,600
Feasts include dishes, you never
eat otherwise, elaborate roasts,

4347
04:03:40,600 --> 04:03:43,400
Rich sources, imported 
Delicacies. 

4348
04:03:43,400 --> 04:03:48,300
The abundance is impressive and 
slightly overwhelming, You eat 

4349
04:03:48,300 --> 04:03:52,400
more at feasts than usual, the 
social expectation is to partake

4350
04:03:52,400 --> 04:03:55,500
generously. 
You do, so though it makes you 

4351
04:03:55,500 --> 04:03:58,400
uncomfortable, afterward, you 
appreciate good cooking. 

4352
04:03:58,400 --> 04:04:02,100
When a meal is well prepared. 
You notice, you might comment on

4353
04:04:02,100 --> 04:04:05,900
it, you might ask how something 
was made but you do not require.

4354
04:04:05,900 --> 04:04:09,100
Excellent. 
Adequacy is enough, a 

4355
04:04:09,100 --> 04:04:11,900
well-cooked meal is a pleasure, 
the flavors are balanced. 

4356
04:04:11,900 --> 04:04:15,700
The textures are right, you 
notice the care that went into 

4357
04:04:15,700 --> 04:04:18,300
it. 
But most meals are not well 

4358
04:04:18,300 --> 04:04:20,300
cooked. 
They are adequately cooked. 

4359
04:04:20,300 --> 04:04:23,800
This is acceptable. 
You do not complain. 

4360
04:04:23,800 --> 04:04:28,000
Hunger is not constant. 
You eat regularly enough to 

4361
04:04:28,000 --> 04:04:31,500
avoid it but when hunger does 
come, it is simple. 

4362
04:04:31,500 --> 04:04:35,500
You find food you eat. 
The problem is solved. 

4363
04:04:36,200 --> 04:04:39,400
True hunger is rare. 
Your income is sufficient to 

4364
04:04:39,400 --> 04:04:42,400
keep you fed the hunger. 
You feel is usually just the 

4365
04:04:42,400 --> 04:04:44,800
body signal, that it is time to 
eat again. 

4366
04:04:46,200 --> 04:04:50,800
When you do feel hunger, it 
sharpens your focus on food, the

4367
04:04:50,800 --> 04:04:54,800
simplest meal tastes better. 
Your body's need makes the food 

4368
04:04:54,800 --> 04:04:57,200
more. 
Satisfying, some foods remind 

4369
04:04:57,200 --> 04:05:01,700
you of childhood certain breads,
certain stews, you eat them and 

4370
04:05:01,700 --> 04:05:05,200
remember other times. 
The memories are not sharp. 

4371
04:05:05,200 --> 04:05:09,400
They are soft and vague like the
Comfort, the food provides. 

4372
04:05:10,300 --> 04:05:13,700
The bread, your mother baked 
baked the stew from feast days. 

4373
04:05:13,700 --> 04:05:18,400
These taste carry association's,
they are Pleasant in a way that 

4374
04:05:18,400 --> 04:05:20,300
has nothing to do with the food 
itself. 

4375
04:05:21,300 --> 04:05:25,400
You eat alone, sometimes in your
logging with a plate and a cup. 

4376
04:05:26,100 --> 04:05:29,700
You choose slowly, you think 
about the day or about nothing. 

4377
04:05:29,700 --> 04:05:34,700
The Solitude is peaceful, eating
alone requires no performance, 

4378
04:05:34,700 --> 04:05:39,500
no conversation, no manners 
Beyond basic cleanliness, you 

4379
04:05:39,500 --> 04:05:43,800
can simply eat. 
The quiet is meditative chewing 

4380
04:05:43,800 --> 04:05:47,100
tasting swallowing. 
The actions are simple and 

4381
04:05:47,100 --> 04:05:51,100
grounding you eat with family 
and Stratford, the table is full

4382
04:05:51,100 --> 04:05:55,100
conversations happen around. 
You, you participate, or you. 

4383
04:05:55,100 --> 04:05:59,600
Listen the meal anchors the day 
it gathers, everyone in one 

4384
04:05:59,600 --> 04:06:04,500
place, family meals have their 
own Rhythm and serves the 

4385
04:06:04,500 --> 04:06:07,300
children talk you. 
Listen and occasionally 

4386
04:06:07,300 --> 04:06:12,100
contribute The structure is 
familiar and comforting meals, 

4387
04:06:12,100 --> 04:06:14,800
Mark Time Breakfast dinner 
supper. 

4388
04:06:14,800 --> 04:06:17,800
The day is punctuated by these 
gatherings. 

4389
04:06:17,800 --> 04:06:22,100
You do not waste food. 
What is left is saved. 

4390
04:06:22,800 --> 04:06:24,600
Bread becomes crumbs for 
thickening. 

4391
04:06:24,600 --> 04:06:27,000
Soup, bones are boiled for 
broth. 

4392
04:06:27,000 --> 04:06:31,400
Nothing is thrown away lightly 
food costs money and effort 

4393
04:06:31,400 --> 04:06:35,100
wasting it is careless. 
You erase to Value. 

4394
04:06:35,100 --> 04:06:38,200
What you have leftovers are used
creatively. 

4395
04:06:38,200 --> 04:06:42,600
Yesterday's, roast becomes 
today's pie, stale bread becomes

4396
04:06:42,600 --> 04:06:45,000
pudding, drink provides its own 
Comfort. 

4397
04:06:45,000 --> 04:06:48,900
A cup of Ale at the end of a 
long day a shared drink with a 

4398
04:06:48,908 --> 04:06:53,900
friend the warmth of it. 
The Taste the ritual of lifting,

4399
04:06:53,900 --> 04:06:56,800
the cup and drinking drinking a 
social you toast. 

4400
04:06:56,800 --> 04:07:01,000
You clink cups, you drink 
together, the ACT creates 

4401
04:07:01,000 --> 04:07:05,400
connection a drink at day's end 
signals transition work is done.

4402
04:07:05,408 --> 04:07:09,700
Rest Begins the drink marks. 
The boundary, you do not drink 

4403
04:07:09,700 --> 04:07:12,600
to excess. 
You have seen what that does to 

4404
04:07:12,600 --> 04:07:15,000
people. 
You drink enough to relax not 

4405
04:07:15,000 --> 04:07:18,600
enough to lose control. 
Moderation is natural to you. 

4406
04:07:18,600 --> 04:07:24,400
Drunkenness is ugly slurred 
speech, poor judgment loss of 

4407
04:07:24,400 --> 04:07:27,600
dignity. 
You avoid this state two or 

4408
04:07:27,600 --> 04:07:31,500
three cups of Ale in enough you 
know your limits you recognize 

4409
04:07:31,500 --> 04:07:35,000
when you have had enough, you 
stop before you become impaired.

4410
04:07:35,900 --> 04:07:37,800
Food and drink a part of the 
Rhythm of Life. 

4411
04:07:37,800 --> 04:07:42,200
They Mark, Time Breakfast, 
midday meal, and evening, 

4412
04:07:42,200 --> 04:07:45,600
supper, they provide structure. 
They offer Comfort. 

4413
04:07:45,600 --> 04:07:49,900
They sustain you. 
The daily rhythm of eating is 

4414
04:07:49,900 --> 04:07:53,600
one of the reliable patterns. 
No matter what else happens, you

4415
04:07:53,600 --> 04:07:56,600
will eat. 
This regularity is reassuring 

4416
04:07:56,600 --> 04:07:58,900
food and drink has shared 
experiences. 

4417
04:07:58,900 --> 04:08:02,200
They connect you to others, they
connect you to place. 

4418
04:08:02,200 --> 04:08:04,900
They connect you to your self 
evenings. 

4419
04:08:04,900 --> 04:08:08,800
Begin when the light Fades, if 
there has been a performance it 

4420
04:08:08,800 --> 04:08:13,100
is over the audience has left 
the actors of changed out of 

4421
04:08:13,100 --> 04:08:15,800
their costumes. 
The theater is quiet. 

4422
04:08:15,800 --> 04:08:20,000
The theater after a performance,
has a particular quality, the 

4423
04:08:20,000 --> 04:08:25,500
energy is dissipated Space feels
larger and emptier voices, Echo,

4424
04:08:25,500 --> 04:08:30,200
differently, props and costumes 
are put away the stages sweat. 

4425
04:08:31,200 --> 04:08:34,100
The work of preparation for 
tomorrow, begins quietly. 

4426
04:08:35,000 --> 04:08:38,000
You leave the theater and walk 
back to your lodging. 

4427
04:08:38,600 --> 04:08:41,000
The streets are less crowded 
than during the day. 

4428
04:08:41,000 --> 04:08:44,000
Shops are closing. 
People are heading home. 

4429
04:08:44,800 --> 04:08:48,200
You move with the flow of the 
crowd, then break away to your 

4430
04:08:48,200 --> 04:08:50,600
own path. 
The evening streets. 

4431
04:08:50,600 --> 04:08:53,900
Have a different character. 
The urgency of the day is gone, 

4432
04:08:53,900 --> 04:08:58,600
people walk more slowly. 
Conversation's a quieter, you 

4433
04:08:58,600 --> 04:09:01,000
know, the roots so well you 
could walk it in complete 

4434
04:09:01,000 --> 04:09:05,300
darkness. your feet find the 
familiar turns, without thought 

4435
04:09:05,300 --> 04:09:10,600
your logging is modest a room 
with a bed, a table and a chair,

4436
04:09:10,600 --> 04:09:15,500
sometimes a small half, the 
space is functional, you do not 

4437
04:09:15,500 --> 04:09:19,200
need more, you lie to Candle, 
the room becomes visible in the 

4438
04:09:19,200 --> 04:09:22,800
soft glow, Candle is Tallow, not
beeswax. 

4439
04:09:22,800 --> 04:09:27,600
The smell is slightly unpleasant
the flame, flickers, and smokes,

4440
04:09:27,600 --> 04:09:30,800
but it provides light which is 
what matters. 

4441
04:09:31,600 --> 04:09:35,800
The room is cold in Winter. 
The walls are thin, you light a 

4442
04:09:35,800 --> 04:09:38,200
fire. 
If there is wood If not, you 

4443
04:09:38,200 --> 04:09:41,100
wrap yourself in a blanket. 
In summer. 

4444
04:09:41,100 --> 04:09:43,700
The room is stuffy you open the 
window. 

4445
04:09:43,700 --> 04:09:47,400
If there is one the air from 
outside is only slightly fresher

4446
04:09:47,400 --> 04:09:51,100
than the air inside. 
You sit at the table, you might 

4447
04:09:51,100 --> 04:09:56,200
read books are not abundant but 
you have a few history poetry 

4448
04:09:56,200 --> 04:10:00,000
and classical texts. 
You read slowly absorbing the 

4449
04:10:00,000 --> 04:10:02,700
words reading is different from 
writing. 

4450
04:10:02,700 --> 04:10:05,300
It is receptive rather than 
active. 

4451
04:10:05,300 --> 04:10:08,900
You own hole in sheds 
Chronicles, Pluto's lives, and 

4452
04:10:08,900 --> 04:10:12,300
over its metamorphosis. 
These books are resources for 

4453
04:10:12,300 --> 04:10:15,400
your work and all so Pleasures 
in themselves, you read 

4454
04:10:15,400 --> 04:10:18,600
passages, you have read before 
for familiarity does not 

4455
04:10:18,600 --> 04:10:21,800
diminish the enjoyment. 
You know, notice new things in 

4456
04:10:21,800 --> 04:10:24,800
familiar texts. 
Reading by candlelight is 

4457
04:10:24,800 --> 04:10:28,400
difficult, the light is dim and 
flickering, you hold the book, 

4458
04:10:28,400 --> 04:10:33,200
close your eyes tire quickly. 
Sometimes you do not read, you 

4459
04:10:33,200 --> 04:10:36,600
simply sit. 
Your mind is still active, but 

4460
04:10:36,600 --> 04:10:40,100
it is not focused on a task. 
Thoughts drift. 

4461
04:10:41,000 --> 04:10:42,600
You think about a senior 
writing? 

4462
04:10:42,600 --> 04:10:45,600
You think about a conversation 
from earlier, you think about 

4463
04:10:45,600 --> 04:10:49,700
nothing in particular. 
The drifting mind Finds Its Own 

4464
04:10:49,700 --> 04:10:53,000
paths ideas, connect with your 
direction. 

4465
04:10:53,000 --> 04:10:56,800
This mental wandering is 
productive in ways that focused 

4466
04:10:56,800 --> 04:10:59,700
thought is not. 
You might solve a problem that 

4467
04:10:59,700 --> 04:11:00,600
has been troubling. 
You? 

4468
04:11:01,300 --> 04:11:04,400
The solution arrives without 
effort emerging from the 

4469
04:11:04,400 --> 04:11:08,500
drifting thoughts. 
If you are in Stratford the 

4470
04:11:08,500 --> 04:11:12,900
evening is spent with family. 
You sit near the fire and might 

4471
04:11:12,900 --> 04:11:14,900
sow or manage household 
accounts. 

4472
04:11:14,900 --> 04:11:18,800
Your daughter's might be nearby.
The presence of others is 

4473
04:11:18,800 --> 04:11:21,700
comforting, even when there is 
little conversation. 

4474
04:11:22,700 --> 04:11:28,300
Fire crackles, the light shifts 
and moves the warmth radiates 

4475
04:11:28,300 --> 04:11:30,700
outward, you sit within range of
it. 

4476
04:11:31,500 --> 04:11:34,200
And works quietly. 
A needle moves steadily. 

4477
04:11:34,200 --> 04:11:38,100
She is comfortable with silence.
You appreciate this about her? 

4478
04:11:39,600 --> 04:11:43,000
Susanna Reids if there's enough 
light Judith, might prepare 

4479
04:11:43,000 --> 04:11:46,200
something for the next day. 
Everyone is occupied. 

4480
04:11:46,200 --> 04:11:50,700
But together In London, he 
sometimes visit a Tavern in the 

4481
04:11:50,700 --> 04:11:53,500
evening, not the same have as 
after a performance. 

4482
04:11:54,500 --> 04:11:58,900
Quieter one, you sit in a 
corner, you drink ales, slowly, 

4483
04:11:58,900 --> 04:12:02,200
you listen to the murmur of 
other conversations without 

4484
04:12:02,200 --> 04:12:05,700
participating. 
The choirs to taverns attract 

4485
04:12:05,700 --> 04:12:09,000
older patrons. 
The energy is subdued, people, 

4486
04:12:09,000 --> 04:12:11,800
drink and talk but without the 
rowdiness of the afternoon 

4487
04:12:11,800 --> 04:12:16,300
taverns, You choose a spot away 
from the door away from the fire

4488
04:12:16,300 --> 04:12:18,800
somewhere. 
You can observe without being 

4489
04:12:18,800 --> 04:12:21,700
Central. 
The conversations around you are

4490
04:12:21,700 --> 04:12:25,300
fragments you hear pieces of 
stories, bits of arguments and 

4491
04:12:25,300 --> 04:12:28,200
laughter. 
Your present but separate 

4492
04:12:28,200 --> 04:12:31,900
writing can happen in the 
evening but it is less common. 

4493
04:12:31,900 --> 04:12:36,800
Your mind is tired from the day.
The focus required for writing 

4494
04:12:36,800 --> 04:12:39,900
is harder to summon. 
If you do write, it is often 

4495
04:12:39,900 --> 04:12:42,600
revision rather than new 
material Crossing out. 

4496
04:12:42,600 --> 04:12:45,800
A word, adding a phrase, small 
adjustments. 

4497
04:12:45,800 --> 04:12:49,600
Evening, writing is finicky 
work, correcting errors, 

4498
04:12:49,600 --> 04:12:53,100
smoothing rough lines. 
It does not require the Creative

4499
04:12:53,100 --> 04:12:56,600
Energy of drafting new material.
The light is poor for writing, 

4500
04:12:56,600 --> 04:13:01,200
you squint at the page, the 
letters blur you work slowly. 

4501
04:13:01,200 --> 04:13:04,500
You might copy a clean version 
of a heavily revised page. 

4502
04:13:05,400 --> 04:13:08,200
The copying requires a tension, 
but not creativity. 

4503
04:13:08,200 --> 04:13:13,000
It is meditative work. 
Lamp light or Candlelight 

4504
04:13:13,000 --> 04:13:15,200
creates a different atmosphere 
than daylight. 

4505
04:13:15,200 --> 04:13:18,100
The Shadows are deeper. 
The room. 

4506
04:13:18,100 --> 04:13:20,400
Feels smaller. 
More contained. 

4507
04:13:21,200 --> 04:13:24,000
The world outside, the circle of
light seems distant. 

4508
04:13:24,000 --> 04:13:26,700
This isolation is not 
uncomfortable. 

4509
04:13:26,700 --> 04:13:31,000
It is simply a fact of evening. 
The lit space becomes your 

4510
04:13:31,000 --> 04:13:34,700
entire world. 
What exists beyond the light is 

4511
04:13:34,700 --> 04:13:37,400
irrelevant. 
The intimacy is focusing. 

4512
04:13:38,200 --> 04:13:41,900
Shadows move as the flame moves.
The walls seemed to breathe. 

4513
04:13:41,900 --> 04:13:46,000
The effect is Hypnotic, you 
prepare for the next day you set

4514
04:13:46,000 --> 04:13:48,900
up clothes, you check that you 
have paper and ink for writing, 

4515
04:13:48,900 --> 04:13:51,200
you plan your route. 
If you need to go somewhere, 

4516
04:13:51,200 --> 04:13:55,000
these small preparations, make 
more mornings easier laying out 

4517
04:13:55,000 --> 04:13:56,700
clothes saves time in the 
morning. 

4518
04:13:56,700 --> 04:14:00,400
You do not have to search or 
decide the choice, is already 

4519
04:14:00,400 --> 04:14:03,500
made checking your supplies 
prevents frustration. 

4520
04:14:04,500 --> 04:14:06,600
Running out of ink. 
Mid-sentence is annoying. 

4521
04:14:06,600 --> 04:14:10,800
Preventing it is simple. 
Mental, preparation is also part

4522
04:14:10,800 --> 04:14:14,400
of this, you review. 
What to Morrow requires you set?

4523
04:14:14,400 --> 04:14:16,600
Intentions. 
The planning is light. 

4524
04:14:16,600 --> 04:14:21,200
Not burdensome you think about 
the work ahead not with anxiety.

4525
04:14:21,200 --> 04:14:24,300
But with awareness there is a 
plate to finish. 

4526
04:14:24,300 --> 04:14:28,700
There is a rehearsal to attend. 
There are meetings to hold the 

4527
04:14:28,700 --> 04:14:31,800
tasks are clear, you do not need
to solve them now. 

4528
04:14:31,800 --> 04:14:35,700
You simply acknowledge them. 
Acknowledging tomorrow's work 

4529
04:14:35,700 --> 04:14:37,700
prevents it from intruding on 
rest. 

4530
04:14:37,700 --> 04:14:40,200
You have named it. 
You have noted. 

4531
04:14:40,200 --> 04:14:44,900
It now you can set it aside the 
tasks do not overwhelm you. 

4532
04:14:44,900 --> 04:14:48,600
They are simply what comes next.
You have done similar work. 

4533
04:14:48,600 --> 04:14:52,200
Many times before. 
Evenings are also when you feel 

4534
04:14:52,200 --> 04:14:56,400
the separation between London 
and Stratford most acutely In 

4535
04:14:56,400 --> 04:14:59,300
London, you're alone or with 
colleagues. 

4536
04:14:59,300 --> 04:15:03,700
In Stratford you're with family.
Neither is better. 

4537
04:15:03,700 --> 04:15:07,300
They are different. 
Both are part of your life. 

4538
04:15:07,300 --> 04:15:10,300
The separation creates a kind of
doubling. 

4539
04:15:10,300 --> 04:15:14,000
You have two lives, two cells, 
the London self and the 

4540
04:15:14,000 --> 04:15:17,400
Stratford self they overlap, but
are not identical. 

4541
04:15:17,400 --> 04:15:20,600
You miss your family. 
When in London you missed the 

4542
04:15:20,600 --> 04:15:24,500
work when in Stratford the 
longing is mild and manageable 

4543
04:15:24,500 --> 04:15:28,200
you stretch your body writing 
and sitting. 

4544
04:15:28,200 --> 04:15:32,400
Leave you stiff your back aches,
your shoulders, tighten. 

4545
04:15:33,200 --> 04:15:36,700
Standing and moving releases, 
the tension you roll your 

4546
04:15:36,700 --> 04:15:40,800
shoulders, you flex your 
fingers, the movement is small 

4547
04:15:40,800 --> 04:15:44,700
but necessary, your body, 
protests the days Stillness. 

4548
04:15:45,400 --> 04:15:48,800
Joints Creak muscles are tight 
movement. 

4549
04:15:48,800 --> 04:15:51,600
Reminds them. 
They can still move, you walk 

4550
04:15:51,600 --> 04:15:56,000
around the room, you touch your 
toes, you reach overhead, the 

4551
04:15:56,000 --> 04:16:00,200
stretches are simple, the relief
is immediate your body, softens 

4552
04:16:00,200 --> 04:16:05,400
blood flows, the discomfort 
eases Sometimes you pray not 

4553
04:16:05,400 --> 04:16:09,000
long or formal prayers, just a 
moment of quiet reflection. 

4554
04:16:09,000 --> 04:16:13,200
You think about the day you 
Express gratitude for what went?

4555
04:16:13,200 --> 04:16:16,200
Well you asked for strength for 
what comes next. 

4556
04:16:16,200 --> 04:16:18,800
The practice is private and 
brief. 

4557
04:16:18,800 --> 04:16:20,900
Prayer is a habit from 
childhood. 

4558
04:16:20,900 --> 04:16:24,100
The words are familiar, they 
provide structure for 

4559
04:16:24,100 --> 04:16:26,700
reflection. 
You do not pray for specific 

4560
04:16:26,700 --> 04:16:31,200
outcomes, you pray for the 
ability to do your work well for

4561
04:16:31,200 --> 04:16:33,600
the health of your family for 
peace. 

4562
04:16:34,900 --> 04:16:36,700
The prayer is between you and 
God. 

4563
04:16:36,700 --> 04:16:40,800
No one else is involved. 
The intimacy is complete. 

4564
04:16:41,600 --> 04:16:45,700
You hear the sounds of the city 
or town settling fewer voices, 

4565
04:16:45,700 --> 04:16:49,000
the occasional call of a night 
Watchman, The Creeks of a 

4566
04:16:49,000 --> 04:16:50,900
building, these sounds are 
familiar. 

4567
04:16:50,900 --> 04:16:52,800
They Mark the transition to 
night. 

4568
04:16:54,000 --> 04:16:57,300
The night Watchman calls. 
The our his voice carries 

4569
04:16:57,300 --> 04:17:00,400
through the quiet streets. 
The sound is reassuring. 

4570
04:17:00,400 --> 04:17:03,900
Someone is watching building 
settle as temperatures. 

4571
04:17:03,900 --> 04:17:06,900
Drop would contracts joint 
shift. 

4572
04:17:06,900 --> 04:17:10,800
The sounds are gentle and 
constant if you're tired you 

4573
04:17:10,800 --> 04:17:14,000
feel it in the evening, your 
eyes are heavy, your thoughts 

4574
04:17:14,000 --> 04:17:18,000
slow you accept this. 
There is no point in fighting 

4575
04:17:18,000 --> 04:17:20,700
fatigue, you prepare for sleep 
instead. 

4576
04:17:21,500 --> 04:17:26,100
Tiredness is a signal, your body
needs rest, you honor the signal

4577
04:17:26,100 --> 04:17:30,200
rather than pushing through. 
Fighting fatigue only delays, 

4578
04:17:30,200 --> 04:17:33,100
the inevitable. 
Better to surrender to it and 

4579
04:17:33,100 --> 04:17:35,300
get the rest. 
You need, you might write a 

4580
04:17:35,300 --> 04:17:39,300
letter to a friend to family to 
a business associate. 

4581
04:17:40,200 --> 04:17:43,500
The letter is practical. 
You share news asked questions 

4582
04:17:43,500 --> 04:17:48,200
and convey information you write
clearly and simply when the 

4583
04:17:48,200 --> 04:17:52,500
letter is finished, you see it. 
It will be sent tomorrow letters

4584
04:17:52,500 --> 04:17:54,400
maintain connections across 
distance. 

4585
04:17:55,500 --> 04:17:58,800
You write to people in Stratford
when you're in London, you write

4586
04:17:58,800 --> 04:18:02,900
to London contacts when you're 
in Stratford the Letter's a 

4587
04:18:02,900 --> 04:18:05,400
brief you're not verbose in 
correspondence. 

4588
04:18:05,400 --> 04:18:08,900
You state what needs dating and 
finish. 

4589
04:18:09,700 --> 04:18:11,800
Sealing the letter with wax 
makes it official. 

4590
04:18:11,800 --> 04:18:14,600
The seal is a small Mark of 
completion. 

4591
04:18:14,600 --> 04:18:19,300
You tidy the room before bed, 
you put away papers, you close 

4592
04:18:19,300 --> 04:18:22,800
books, you Bank the fire or 
extinguish the candle. 

4593
04:18:22,800 --> 04:18:26,700
The space is ready. 
For sleep order brings calm 

4594
04:18:26,700 --> 04:18:29,700
tidying. 
As a transition ritual it 

4595
04:18:29,700 --> 04:18:31,200
signals the end of the day's 
activities. 

4596
04:18:31,200 --> 04:18:36,100
The room is reset for tomorrow 
finding things is easier when 

4597
04:18:36,100 --> 04:18:40,000
the room is orderly morning, you
will appreciate Evening News 

4598
04:18:40,000 --> 04:18:43,200
organization. 
The act of tidying is calming in

4599
04:18:43,200 --> 04:18:45,700
itself. 
The simple motion is a 

4600
04:18:45,708 --> 04:18:48,100
meditative evening's are not 
eventful. 

4601
04:18:48,100 --> 04:18:51,200
They are the space between the 
work of the day and the rest of 

4602
04:18:51,200 --> 04:18:54,800
the night, they allow you to 
transition, they give you time 

4603
04:18:54,800 --> 04:18:58,600
to settle your mind and body. 
Transition is necessary. 

4604
04:18:58,600 --> 04:19:02,000
You cannot go directly from work
to sleep. 

4605
04:19:02,000 --> 04:19:06,300
The Gap allows decompression 
your mind, needs time to stop 

4606
04:19:06,300 --> 04:19:08,900
churning your body needs time to
relax. 

4607
04:19:09,800 --> 04:19:13,500
Evening provides this time you 
do not rush through the evening.

4608
04:19:13,500 --> 04:19:17,400
There is no deadline. 
You move at your own pace when 

4609
04:19:17,400 --> 04:19:21,500
you're ready, you go to bed 
until then you occupy the quiet 

4610
04:19:21,500 --> 04:19:24,400
hours without pressure. 
The lack of pressure is itself 

4611
04:19:24,400 --> 04:19:26,600
restful. 
No one expects anything. 

4612
04:19:26,600 --> 04:19:31,100
No one is waiting. 
You are free to Simply Be the 

4613
04:19:31,100 --> 04:19:33,700
evening is yours. 
It is not dictated by 

4614
04:19:33,700 --> 04:19:35,900
performance, schedules or 
writing deadlines. 

4615
04:19:35,900 --> 04:19:39,800
It is time that belongs to you 
alone or to you and your family 

4616
04:19:39,800 --> 04:19:45,100
or to you, and a quiet room. 
This time is valuable in its 

4617
04:19:45,100 --> 04:19:49,900
Simplicity owning your time is a
luxury most people's time 

4618
04:19:49,900 --> 04:19:52,000
belongs to others in the 
evening. 

4619
04:19:52,000 --> 04:19:55,400
Yours is your own. 
The Simplicity is the value. 

4620
04:19:55,400 --> 04:19:58,000
Nothing complex, nothing 
demanding. 

4621
04:19:58,000 --> 04:20:01,500
Just time. 
Passing gently, you prepare for 

4622
04:20:01,500 --> 04:20:05,100
bed when the evening wins down. 
You change into a nightshirt. 

4623
04:20:05,900 --> 04:20:09,200
The fabric is worn and soft. 
You set aside, the clothes you 

4624
04:20:09,200 --> 04:20:11,500
wore during the day they will be
there in the morning. 

4625
04:20:11,500 --> 04:20:15,600
The nightshirt is comfortable. 
It has been washed many times. 

4626
04:20:15,600 --> 04:20:20,200
The fabric is thin but warm 
enough changing clothes signals.

4627
04:20:20,200 --> 04:20:23,700
The final transition work 
clothes come off, sleep clothes,

4628
04:20:23,700 --> 04:20:27,900
go on the boundary is marked. 
You fold the day's clothes or 

4629
04:20:27,900 --> 04:20:30,800
hang them on a peg. 
This small Act of care maintains

4630
04:20:30,800 --> 04:20:32,300
order. 
The bed is simple. 

4631
04:20:32,300 --> 04:20:36,000
A wooden frame, a mattress 
stuffed with straw feathers, 

4632
04:20:36,000 --> 04:20:40,800
blankets, and a coverlet. 
In Winter, you add more blankets

4633
04:20:40,800 --> 04:20:43,100
in summer. 
You use viewer. 

4634
04:20:43,100 --> 04:20:46,900
The bed is not luxurious but it 
is adequate. 

4635
04:20:46,900 --> 04:20:51,800
The mattress in London lodgings 
is usually straw it rustles. 

4636
04:20:51,800 --> 04:20:55,300
When you move it flattens over 
time and needs resting. 

4637
04:20:56,200 --> 04:20:58,300
The mattress in Stratford is 
feathers. 

4638
04:20:58,300 --> 04:21:02,600
It is softer and quieter. 
It shapes to your body more 

4639
04:21:02,600 --> 04:21:04,600
comfortably. 
Blankets. 

4640
04:21:04,600 --> 04:21:06,800
A wool. 
They're heavy and warm. 

4641
04:21:06,800 --> 04:21:11,900
They smell slightly of lanolin. 
You lie down the mattress yields

4642
04:21:11,900 --> 04:21:14,600
beneath you. 
Your body relaxes in to it. 

4643
04:21:15,400 --> 04:21:18,600
The days tension begin to 
release your muscles. 

4644
04:21:18,600 --> 04:21:24,200
Loosen your breathing slows the 
horizontal position itself is a 

4645
04:21:24,200 --> 04:21:27,400
relief, your spine release is 
your muscles. 

4646
04:21:27,400 --> 04:21:31,400
Do not have to hold you upright,
you feel the weight of your body

4647
04:21:31,400 --> 04:21:34,900
against the mattress. 
A pure is grounding your 

4648
04:21:34,900 --> 04:21:37,800
supported your breathing. 
Naturally slows. 

4649
04:21:37,800 --> 04:21:41,600
The Rhythm becomes steady. 
The regularity is soothing. 

4650
04:21:41,600 --> 04:21:45,700
The room is dark. 
If there is a moon, faint light 

4651
04:21:45,700 --> 04:21:48,600
comes through the window. 
If not, the darkness is 

4652
04:21:48,600 --> 04:21:50,700
complete. 
You do not mind. 

4653
04:21:51,500 --> 04:21:55,600
Darkness is restful, complete 
darkness is rare in the city. 

4654
04:21:55,600 --> 04:21:59,300
There is always some ambient 
light, but it is dark enough, 

4655
04:21:59,300 --> 04:22:03,600
Moonlight creates shapes and 
shadows, you can see the outline

4656
04:22:03,600 --> 04:22:05,900
of furniture. 
The effect is soft. 

4657
04:22:05,900 --> 04:22:08,800
Darkness removes visual 
stimulation. 

4658
04:22:08,800 --> 04:22:13,100
Your eyes can finally rest. 
They do not have to focus. 

4659
04:22:13,100 --> 04:22:17,600
You hear the sounds of night. 
In London, there are distant, 

4660
04:22:17,600 --> 04:22:19,800
voices, footsteps and the 
occasional cart. 

4661
04:22:20,600 --> 04:22:24,700
In Stratford, there is wind 
animals and The Creeks of the 

4662
04:22:24,700 --> 04:22:27,400
house. 
These sounds do not disturb you.

4663
04:22:27,400 --> 04:22:32,000
They are part of the background.
London night sounds, a human 

4664
04:22:32,000 --> 04:22:36,600
people moving through the 
streets doors closing voices 

4665
04:22:36,600 --> 04:22:42,000
calling Stratford night sounds 
and natural wind in trees and 

4666
04:22:42,000 --> 04:22:45,300
Howell calling. 
A dog barking in the distance. 

4667
04:22:46,200 --> 04:22:51,000
The Sounds form a kind of music,
they rise and fall, they overlap

4668
04:22:51,000 --> 04:22:55,600
and separate, they Mark time 
passing Your thoughts, slow. 

4669
04:22:56,500 --> 04:23:00,400
The concerns of the day fade. 
You do not try to solve problems

4670
04:23:00,400 --> 04:23:03,700
or plan ahead. 
You simply let your mind drift. 

4671
04:23:04,500 --> 04:23:07,000
Images and fragments pass 
through your awareness. 

4672
04:23:07,000 --> 04:23:10,500
They do not form coherent. 
Narratives, they're just 

4673
04:23:10,500 --> 04:23:14,500
thoughts dissolving into rest. 
The Mind, empties gradually, 

4674
04:23:14,500 --> 04:23:19,800
thoughts, become less, frequent 
less insistent, images, appear, 

4675
04:23:19,800 --> 04:23:24,700
and fade, a face from the day. 
A line from a play, a memory 

4676
04:23:24,700 --> 04:23:27,700
with no context. 
The dissolution is Pleasant 

4677
04:23:27,700 --> 04:23:30,800
conscious thought gives way to 
something quieter. 

4678
04:23:31,700 --> 04:23:35,300
Sleep comes gradually. 
You do not notice the exact 

4679
04:23:35,300 --> 04:23:39,200
moment, your breathing deepens, 
your Consciousness. 

4680
04:23:39,200 --> 04:23:42,900
Dims you slip from waking into 
sleep without effort? 

4681
04:23:43,800 --> 04:23:46,700
The boundary between waking and 
sleeping is invisible. 

4682
04:23:46,700 --> 04:23:50,000
You cross it with without 
knowing your body knows before 

4683
04:23:50,000 --> 04:23:54,600
your mind. 
Muscles twitch breathing changes

4684
04:23:54,600 --> 04:23:58,200
rhythm. 
The transitionist smooth, no 

4685
04:23:58,200 --> 04:24:02,300
Struggle No resistance. 
Just a gentle Falling Away. 

4686
04:24:04,000 --> 04:24:07,400
The night passes, you sleep 
deeply at first then more 

4687
04:24:07,400 --> 04:24:11,300
lightly toward morning, you 
might wake once or twice you 

4688
04:24:11,300 --> 04:24:14,600
shift position. 
You just the blanket you fall 

4689
04:24:14,600 --> 04:24:19,500
back asleep quickly. 
Deep sleep is dreamless or 

4690
04:24:19,500 --> 04:24:23,200
dreams are not remembered. 
Your body does its restorative 

4691
04:24:23,200 --> 04:24:25,700
work. 
Light, sleep brings more 

4692
04:24:25,700 --> 04:24:29,300
awareness, you hear sounds, you 
notice temperature. 

4693
04:24:30,400 --> 04:24:34,300
But you remain mostly asleep. 
Waking briefly in the night is 

4694
04:24:34,300 --> 04:24:37,000
normal. 
You register it and return to 

4695
04:24:37,000 --> 04:24:39,600
sleep. 
It does not disturb the overall 

4696
04:24:39,600 --> 04:24:42,700
rest. 
Dreams occur, but you do not 

4697
04:24:42,700 --> 04:24:45,800
remember most of them. 
Occasionally a dream lingers 

4698
04:24:45,800 --> 04:24:49,000
after waking. 
It is strange or Vivid. 

4699
04:24:49,700 --> 04:24:51,900
You think about it briefly, then
Let It Go. 

4700
04:24:51,900 --> 04:24:56,100
Dreams are not significant. 
They are just the mind working 

4701
04:24:56,100 --> 04:24:59,200
through the days Impressions, 
dreams are ephemeral. 

4702
04:24:59,200 --> 04:25:03,100
They fade quickly. 
After waking details, slip away 

4703
04:25:03,100 --> 04:25:06,900
as you try to hold them a vivid.
Dream, might stay with you 

4704
04:25:06,900 --> 04:25:11,000
through the morning, you puzzle 
over it, then it loses its power

4705
04:25:11,000 --> 04:25:14,800
and you forget, you don't look 
for meaning in dreams. 

4706
04:25:14,800 --> 04:25:19,300
They random firings of a 
sleeping mind in Winter, the 

4707
04:25:19,300 --> 04:25:21,500
cold wakes. 
You, you pull the blanket. 

4708
04:25:21,500 --> 04:25:24,300
It's tighter. 
He curl into a smaller shape to 

4709
04:25:24,300 --> 04:25:27,700
conserve warmth. 
The cold is uncomfortable, but 

4710
04:25:27,700 --> 04:25:30,400
not unbearable. 
You wait for more morning, 

4711
04:25:30,400 --> 04:25:34,400
winter nights are long and dark.
The cold is invasive. 

4712
04:25:34,400 --> 04:25:37,400
It finds gaps in the blankets. 
You pile. 

4713
04:25:37,400 --> 04:25:41,400
Every available blanket on the 
bed, still your nose, and the 

4714
04:25:41,400 --> 04:25:44,800
tips of your ears are cold 
Sometimes you get up and add a 

4715
04:25:44,800 --> 04:25:47,600
layer of clothing under the 
night shirt, then you return to 

4716
04:25:47,600 --> 04:25:51,700
bed and sleep better in summer, 
warmth can be oppressive, you 

4717
04:25:51,700 --> 04:25:55,000
push the blankets aside, you lie
still trying to catch any 

4718
04:25:55,000 --> 04:25:58,300
Breeze, the discomfort passes, 
you sleep again. 

4719
04:25:59,100 --> 04:26:02,500
Summer nights are short the heat
persists even after dark. 

4720
04:26:02,500 --> 04:26:07,200
The air is still and heavy. 
You remove blanket until only a 

4721
04:26:07,200 --> 04:26:10,300
sheet remains you kick that 
aside too, if the heat demands 

4722
04:26:10,300 --> 04:26:13,000
it. 
Any movement generates warmth, 

4723
04:26:13,000 --> 04:26:17,500
you lie still as possible. 
Eventually sleep comes despite 

4724
04:26:17,500 --> 04:26:22,300
the discomfort, your body rests 
muscle's repair your mind. 

4725
04:26:22,300 --> 04:26:26,700
Processes sleep is restorative. 
You do not think about this 

4726
04:26:26,700 --> 04:26:30,000
consciously, but you feel it. 
When you wake, the rest is done.

4727
04:26:30,000 --> 04:26:32,700
Its work. 
Your body heals itself during 

4728
04:26:32,700 --> 04:26:37,300
sleep, small injuries, men and 
strained, muscles, relax, your 

4729
04:26:37,300 --> 04:26:41,100
mind sorts and stores. 
The days experience is what is 

4730
04:26:41,100 --> 04:26:45,100
important is kept. 
What is not is discarded. 

4731
04:26:45,800 --> 04:26:48,400
You wake feeling different than 
you felt when you went to bed. 

4732
04:26:48,400 --> 04:26:53,300
The change is subtle, but real, 
you're restored. 

4733
04:26:53,300 --> 04:26:57,900
You share a bed with an in 
Stratford He sleeps on one side 

4734
04:26:57,900 --> 04:27:01,300
and you on the other. 
You are aware of her presence 

4735
04:27:01,300 --> 04:27:03,100
without it interrupting your 
rest. 

4736
04:27:03,900 --> 04:27:08,300
The shared warmth is comforting 
two, bodies in a bed, generate 

4737
04:27:08,300 --> 04:27:10,500
more heat than one. 
In winter. 

4738
04:27:10,500 --> 04:27:13,600
This is welcome. 
You know the rhythm of her 

4739
04:27:13,600 --> 04:27:16,800
breathing The sound is familiar 
and comforting. 

4740
04:27:17,600 --> 04:27:21,100
Sometimes she waits, when you 
wake sometimes, she sleeps 

4741
04:27:21,100 --> 04:27:25,800
through the companionship 
exists, even in sleep, in 

4742
04:27:25,800 --> 04:27:31,400
London, you sleep alone, the bed
is entirely yours you spread out

4743
04:27:31,408 --> 04:27:34,200
or curl up. 
As you choose there is freedom 

4744
04:27:34,200 --> 04:27:36,500
in this but also a kind of 
loneliness. 

4745
04:27:36,500 --> 04:27:40,400
You do not dwell on it. 
Sleeping alone, you can move 

4746
04:27:40,400 --> 04:27:43,100
without consideration. 
You can sprawl. 

4747
04:27:43,100 --> 04:27:47,500
You can take all the blankets, 
the freedom is pleasant, but the

4748
04:27:47,500 --> 04:27:52,400
bed feels larger emptier, you 
miss the companionship sometimes

4749
04:27:52,400 --> 04:27:55,300
other times. 
You appreciate the Solitude. 

4750
04:27:55,300 --> 04:27:58,300
Both are valid. 
Quality of sleep. 

4751
04:27:58,300 --> 04:28:02,500
Varies some nights. 
You sleep soundly from dark to 

4752
04:28:02,500 --> 04:28:05,500
Dawn. 
Other nights, sleep is broken. 

4753
04:28:05,500 --> 04:28:08,500
You wake repeatedly. 
You lie. 

4754
04:28:08,500 --> 04:28:11,700
Awake for stretches. 
By morning, you are less rested.

4755
04:28:11,700 --> 04:28:15,900
You accept this. 
Not every night is perfect good.

4756
04:28:15,900 --> 04:28:18,800
Sleep is a gift. 
You wake feeling strong and 

4757
04:28:18,800 --> 04:28:21,400
clear. 
The day ahead seems manageable, 

4758
04:28:21,400 --> 04:28:24,200
poor sleep. 
Believes you fuzzy, your 

4759
04:28:24,200 --> 04:28:27,100
thoughts are slower. 
Your patience is thiner. 

4760
04:28:27,100 --> 04:28:29,100
You do. 
What needs doing anyway? 

4761
04:28:29,100 --> 04:28:31,700
You cannot control the quality 
of sleep. 

4762
04:28:31,700 --> 04:28:34,400
You can only create conditions 
that favor it. 

4763
04:28:34,400 --> 04:28:38,600
The rest is beyond your power 
morning comes with light. 

4764
04:28:38,600 --> 04:28:42,300
You wait slowly, you lie. 
Still for a moment. 

4765
04:28:42,300 --> 04:28:45,000
Orienting yourself. 
You remember where you are? 

4766
04:28:45,000 --> 04:28:49,500
You think about the day ahead. 
Then you rise the first light of

4767
04:28:49,500 --> 04:28:53,100
dawn is gray and soft. 
It grows brighter gradually. 

4768
04:28:53,100 --> 04:28:58,400
You hear mourning sounds Birds 
people beginning their work the 

4769
04:28:58,400 --> 04:29:02,400
city or town is waking you 
stretch in bed before Rising 

4770
04:29:03,100 --> 04:29:06,500
Your body protests the 
transition from horizontal to 

4771
04:29:06,500 --> 04:29:09,800
Vertical then it adjusts you 
dress. 

4772
04:29:09,800 --> 04:29:13,500
You step into the day. 
The night is behind you. 

4773
04:29:13,500 --> 04:29:15,700
Sleep is done. 
What it can? 

4774
04:29:15,700 --> 04:29:19,600
You are ready to begin again? 
Dressing is automatic the 

4775
04:29:19,600 --> 04:29:20,900
clothes. 
You laid out of there. 

4776
04:29:20,900 --> 04:29:26,400
You put them on without thought.
The day begins work, weights 

4777
04:29:26,400 --> 04:29:30,600
people wait. 
The routine continues sleep is 

4778
04:29:30,600 --> 04:29:33,400
not dramatic. 
It is not an escape or an 

4779
04:29:33,400 --> 04:29:36,500
adventure. 
It is simply rest your body 

4780
04:29:36,500 --> 04:29:39,500
requires it, your mind requires 
it. 

4781
04:29:39,500 --> 04:29:43,400
You give yourself over to it 
each night, trusting that it 

4782
04:29:43,408 --> 04:29:47,400
will restore you. 
Sleep is fundamental without it 

4783
04:29:47,400 --> 04:29:51,500
nothing else functions properly,
you trust leap you surrender to 

4784
04:29:51,500 --> 04:29:53,800
it it has never fail to restore 
you. 

4785
04:29:53,800 --> 04:29:57,700
The routine of sleep is steady. 
You go to bed around the same 

4786
04:29:57,700 --> 04:30:01,800
time, you wake around the same 
time, the consistency helps, 

4787
04:30:01,800 --> 04:30:06,400
your body knows what to expect 
regularity AIDS, sleep, your 

4788
04:30:06,400 --> 04:30:09,300
body develops a rhythm, the 
Rhythm supports rest. 

4789
04:30:10,200 --> 04:30:13,600
When travel or work disrupts, 
the Rhythm sleep is harder. 

4790
04:30:13,600 --> 04:30:16,900
You notice the difference, you 
do not fight sleep. 

4791
04:30:16,900 --> 04:30:21,800
When you're tired, you sleep, 
when you're arrested you wake. 

4792
04:30:22,400 --> 04:30:25,600
The rhythm is natural. 
You follow it without resistance

4793
04:30:25,600 --> 04:30:29,300
resistance is futile, the body's
need for sleep is 

4794
04:30:29,300 --> 04:30:32,100
non-negotiable. 
You have learned to listen to 

4795
04:30:32,100 --> 04:30:35,400
your body signals when it says 
sleep, you sleep. 

4796
04:30:35,400 --> 04:30:40,700
When it says, wake you wake. 
Sleep, connects the days, it 

4797
04:30:40,700 --> 04:30:44,000
marks the end of one and the 
beginning of the next, it 

4798
04:30:44,000 --> 04:30:48,500
provides a pause a reset. 
When you wait, you are the same 

4799
04:30:48,508 --> 04:30:52,000
person. 
But the day is new, Sleep is the

4800
04:30:52,000 --> 04:30:55,600
boundary between yesterday and 
today, it's separates and 

4801
04:30:55,600 --> 04:30:58,500
connects them the new Day brings
new possibilities. 

4802
04:30:59,700 --> 04:31:01,800
The problems of yesterday might 
look different. 

4803
04:31:01,800 --> 04:31:07,200
The work continues fresh, you're
continuous across days but sleep

4804
04:31:07,200 --> 04:31:10,400
renews you. 
Each morning is a small rebirth.

4805
04:31:10,400 --> 04:31:13,400
Your life is not shaped by Grand
events. 

4806
04:31:13,400 --> 04:31:18,300
It is shaped by repetition the 
same streets walked again and 

4807
04:31:18,300 --> 04:31:21,900
again the same tasks performed 
day after day. 

4808
04:31:21,900 --> 04:31:26,100
The same people are seen over 
and over, this continuity is the

4809
04:31:26,100 --> 04:31:29,700
foundation of everything. 
The grand Narrative of your life

4810
04:31:29,700 --> 04:31:33,700
is actually composed of tiny, 
repeated moments, walking to the

4811
04:31:33,700 --> 04:31:37,800
theater sitting to write eating 
bread sleeping. 

4812
04:31:38,800 --> 04:31:42,900
The repetition creates depth. 
Each time you walk a street, you

4813
04:31:42,900 --> 04:31:45,900
know, it better each time. 
You write the process is 

4814
04:31:45,900 --> 04:31:48,400
smoother. 
Continuity is underrated. 

4815
04:31:48,400 --> 04:31:52,100
People seek novelty and drama 
but life is built on the 

4816
04:31:52,100 --> 04:31:54,800
ordinary. 
You write many plays over many 

4817
04:31:54,800 --> 04:31:57,300
years. 
Each one is created through the 

4818
04:31:57,300 --> 04:32:02,500
same process sitting writing 
revising, rehearsing performing.

4819
04:32:03,300 --> 04:32:07,800
A process does not change the 
plays do, but the work remains 

4820
04:32:07,800 --> 04:32:12,500
constant by now you have 
written, dozens of plays, the 

4821
04:32:12,500 --> 04:32:15,100
number is less important than 
the accumulated practice. 

4822
04:32:15,100 --> 04:32:18,900
Each player is different 
different characters, different 

4823
04:32:18,900 --> 04:32:22,500
conflicts, different language, 
but the making of them is the 

4824
04:32:22,500 --> 04:32:27,100
same, the constants of process 
allows variety of product 

4825
04:32:28,000 --> 04:32:31,500
Because you know how to make a 
play, you can make many kinds of

4826
04:32:31,500 --> 04:32:34,200
plays You observe the world 
around you. 

4827
04:32:34,200 --> 04:32:37,500
You see how people speak? 
How they move and how they 

4828
04:32:37,500 --> 04:32:40,600
react. 
These observations accumulate, 

4829
04:32:40,600 --> 04:32:43,000
they become the material of your
writing. 

4830
04:32:43,000 --> 04:32:45,200
The process is slow and 
unconscious. 

4831
04:32:45,200 --> 04:32:47,200
You do not set out to collect 
material. 

4832
04:32:47,200 --> 04:32:51,400
It simply happens as you live. 
Every interaction is potential 

4833
04:32:51,400 --> 04:32:54,100
material. 
Every conversation, every 

4834
04:32:54,100 --> 04:32:58,200
gesture, every conflict, the 
accumulation is invisible and 

4835
04:32:58,200 --> 04:33:01,000
you need it. 
Then the material is there 

4836
04:33:01,000 --> 04:33:05,900
stored with your no wing Living 
and writing are not separate one

4837
04:33:05,900 --> 04:33:09,700
feeds, the other continuously. 
Your influence grows. 

4838
04:33:09,700 --> 04:33:11,700
But you do not notice it 
happening. 

4839
04:33:12,500 --> 04:33:14,400
People begin to quote, your 
lines. 

4840
04:33:14,400 --> 04:33:16,599
Your plays are performed more 
frequently. 

4841
04:33:16,599 --> 04:33:20,700
Your name becomes known, But to 
you, the work is the same. 

4842
04:33:20,700 --> 04:33:24,900
You write revised rehearse and 
perform. 

4843
04:33:25,800 --> 04:33:29,000
The external recognition does 
not change the internal routine.

4844
04:33:29,800 --> 04:33:34,099
Success, creeps up slowly. 
There is no single moment of 

4845
04:33:34,099 --> 04:33:37,599
arrival, you hear your lines 
quoted in Heaven's. 

4846
04:33:37,599 --> 04:33:40,500
You see, other playwrights 
imitating your techniques. 

4847
04:33:40,500 --> 04:33:43,700
These are signs, but you do not 
dwell on them. 

4848
04:33:43,700 --> 04:33:47,800
The work matters more than the 
recognition, you focus on the 

4849
04:33:47,800 --> 04:33:50,800
work. 
You maintain your commitments to

4850
04:33:50,800 --> 04:33:54,900
the theater company to your 
family, to your Patron's. 

4851
04:33:54,900 --> 04:33:58,900
These commitments require steady
effort, you show up. 

4852
04:33:58,900 --> 04:34:02,200
You do the work, you fulfill 
your obligations. 

4853
04:34:02,200 --> 04:34:05,500
This reliability is what 
sustains, your career 

4854
04:34:05,500 --> 04:34:10,200
reliability is more valuable 
than brilliant people depend on 

4855
04:34:10,200 --> 04:34:13,300
you to deliver you meet 
deadlines, you honor a 

4856
04:34:13,300 --> 04:34:18,099
agreements you show up when 
expected this builds trust trust

4857
04:34:18,099 --> 04:34:21,000
compounds. 
Over time, your reputation is 

4858
04:34:21,000 --> 04:34:24,900
built on consistency. 
Your legacy is in moments that 

4859
04:34:24,900 --> 04:34:27,900
are not recorded the 
conversation in a table in that 

4860
04:34:27,900 --> 04:34:30,099
inspires a character the walk 
through London. 

4861
04:34:30,099 --> 04:34:34,200
That shapes a setting, the quiet
Of revision that turns a weak 

4862
04:34:34,200 --> 04:34:37,200
scene into a strong one. 
These moments are ordinary. 

4863
04:34:37,200 --> 04:34:41,099
They are also essential the 
important moments do not feel 

4864
04:34:41,099 --> 04:34:45,300
important when they happen, they
feel like ordinary moments A 

4865
04:34:45,300 --> 04:34:48,500
stranger's phrase becomes 
Hamlet's line, a gesture you 

4866
04:34:48,500 --> 04:34:52,200
noticed becomes lady Macbeth's 
movement the legacy is built 

4867
04:34:52,200 --> 04:34:55,900
from invisible pieces no one 
knows where the ideas came from 

4868
04:34:55,900 --> 04:35:00,099
only you know and even you 
forget most of them, you grow 

4869
04:35:00,099 --> 04:35:03,900
older, the work continues, you 
do not slow down dramatically, 

4870
04:35:03,900 --> 04:35:08,599
you simply keep going the rhythm
of writing and Performing does 

4871
04:35:08,599 --> 04:35:11,400
not stop because you age. 
It continues. 

4872
04:35:11,400 --> 04:35:15,400
As long as you are able your 
body ages, your eyes weaken, 

4873
04:35:15,400 --> 04:35:21,400
your joints, ache, But your mind
remains sharp the work adapts to

4874
04:35:21,400 --> 04:35:24,300
your changing body. 
You write less when your hand 

4875
04:35:24,300 --> 04:35:29,200
tires, you rest more. 
But you do not stop age. 

4876
04:35:29,200 --> 04:35:32,200
Brings perspective. 
You see patterns, you could not 

4877
04:35:32,200 --> 04:35:35,500
see when younger the work 
benefits from this. 

4878
04:35:36,099 --> 04:35:39,400
You invest in property, you 
secure your family's Future. 

4879
04:35:39,400 --> 04:35:43,599
These decisions are practical. 
They are not about Glory or 

4880
04:35:43,599 --> 04:35:46,000
fame. 
There are about in that your 

4881
04:35:46,000 --> 04:35:50,099
wife and children are cared for 
the work is necessary and 

4882
04:35:50,099 --> 04:35:53,000
unglamorous. 
You buy new place, one of the 

4883
04:35:53,000 --> 04:35:57,300
largest houses in Stratford, you
buy land, you make investments, 

4884
04:35:57,300 --> 04:36:02,400
these purchases are insurances. 
Theater fails, your family will 

4885
04:36:02,400 --> 04:36:05,700
still have income and shelter. 
The business of securing a 

4886
04:36:05,700 --> 04:36:10,099
future is tedious contracts, 
negotiations, legal documents, 

4887
04:36:10,099 --> 04:36:13,500
you do it anyway, you return to 
Stratford more often. 

4888
04:36:13,500 --> 04:36:17,200
As you age, the pull of Home, 
strengthens you spend more time 

4889
04:36:17,200 --> 04:36:20,000
with family. 
You manage your property, you 

4890
04:36:20,000 --> 04:36:23,800
participate in local Affairs. 
The transition from London to 

4891
04:36:23,800 --> 04:36:27,900
Stratford is gradual. 
It feels natural, London 

4892
04:36:27,900 --> 04:36:32,099
exhausts, you more than it used 
to the noise, the crowds the 

4893
04:36:32,099 --> 04:36:36,700
constant activity Stratford is 
quieter, the pace is slow. 

4894
04:36:36,700 --> 04:36:39,900
Your family. 
Is there the police strong. 

4895
04:36:39,900 --> 04:36:42,700
You do not make a dramatic 
decision to retire. 

4896
04:36:42,700 --> 04:36:45,900
You simply spend more time at 
home and less time in London. 

4897
04:36:45,900 --> 04:36:50,400
The transition is organic the 
theater continues without you 

4898
04:36:50,400 --> 04:36:53,800
needing to be their constantly. 
Other playwrights, right? 

4899
04:36:53,800 --> 04:36:59,400
Other actors perform the company
adapts Your Role shifts from 

4900
04:36:59,400 --> 04:37:03,599
Central to supportive. 
You accept this, you have done 

4901
04:37:03,599 --> 04:37:06,599
your part. 
The company does not need you as

4902
04:37:06,599 --> 04:37:10,099
much as it once did. 
This is Success, not failure. 

4903
04:37:11,099 --> 04:37:15,400
Younger playwrights, bring new 
energy, you support them, you 

4904
04:37:15,400 --> 04:37:18,400
offer, guidance. 
When asked, Stepping back, feels

4905
04:37:18,400 --> 04:37:20,700
right? 
You have earned rest. 

4906
04:37:21,500 --> 04:37:24,599
The company will continue. 
You look back on the work with 

4907
04:37:24,599 --> 04:37:28,700
satisfaction not Pride. 
Plays exist. 

4908
04:37:28,700 --> 04:37:31,800
They are performed people. 
Enjoy them. 

4909
04:37:31,800 --> 04:37:35,200
That is enough. 
You do not need more than that. 

4910
04:37:35,200 --> 04:37:39,800
Pride would be an appropriate. 
You did your work, The Works 

4911
04:37:39,800 --> 04:37:41,599
exceeded. 
That is all. 

4912
04:37:42,400 --> 04:37:44,599
Satisfaction is quieter than 
Pride. 

4913
04:37:44,599 --> 04:37:48,800
It is contentment with effort 
made and tasks completed. 

4914
04:37:48,800 --> 04:37:52,500
The plays Will Outlast you. 
This is Pleasant to consider but

4915
04:37:52,500 --> 04:37:54,300
not essential you wrote them 
for. 

4916
04:37:54,300 --> 04:37:58,500
Now, what happens after is not 
your concern, your habits 

4917
04:37:58,500 --> 04:38:03,200
remain, you walk you, right? 
You read you, sit with others, 

4918
04:38:03,200 --> 04:38:07,800
you eat simple meals, you sleep,
when tired, these patterns do 

4919
04:38:07,800 --> 04:38:09,599
not change, they are who you 
are. 

4920
04:38:09,599 --> 04:38:13,599
The habits of carry you through 
decades, they will carry you to 

4921
04:38:13,599 --> 04:38:15,599
the end. 
You're comfortable in your 

4922
04:38:15,599 --> 04:38:18,400
routine. 
They fit you, like old clothes 

4923
04:38:18,400 --> 04:38:21,700
changes are necessary. 
The patterns work. 

4924
04:38:21,700 --> 04:38:25,099
Why alter them? 
You think about the future? 

4925
04:38:25,099 --> 04:38:29,500
Rarely you focus on the present?
There is work to do today. 

4926
04:38:29,500 --> 04:38:34,599
There are people to see there 
are tasks to complete the future

4927
04:38:34,599 --> 04:38:38,200
will arrive when it arrives, you
do not rush toward it. 

4928
04:38:38,200 --> 04:38:41,800
The future is abstract, the 
present is real. 

4929
04:38:42,800 --> 04:38:45,300
Planning too much for the future
distracts from living. 

4930
04:38:45,300 --> 04:38:49,700
Now you handle what needs 
handling you trust the rest to 

4931
04:38:49,700 --> 04:38:52,700
work itself. 
Out your relationships endure 

4932
04:38:52,700 --> 04:38:55,700
the people you have known for 
years are still part of your 

4933
04:38:55,700 --> 04:38:58,400
life. 
Some of deed others have moved 

4934
04:38:58,400 --> 04:39:02,500
away but many remain The 
continuity of friendship is 

4935
04:39:02,500 --> 04:39:05,300
comforting. 
Richard, Burbage is still acting

4936
04:39:05,300 --> 04:39:09,700
your daughter's, a grown Aniston
managing the household, the 

4937
04:39:09,700 --> 04:39:13,200
faces change over time, but some
remain constant. 

4938
04:39:13,200 --> 04:39:17,400
These constants Anki, you Long 
friendships are deep. 

4939
04:39:17,400 --> 04:39:22,000
They require no explanation, the
shared history speaks for 

4940
04:39:22,000 --> 04:39:24,599
itself. 
You do not seek Legacy 

4941
04:39:24,599 --> 04:39:26,900
consciously. 
You do not write to be 

4942
04:39:26,900 --> 04:39:29,300
remembered. 
You write because it is your 

4943
04:39:29,300 --> 04:39:32,700
work. 
Plays a created for the present 

4944
04:39:32,700 --> 04:39:35,099
for the audience is who come to 
see them now. 

4945
04:39:35,900 --> 04:39:38,000
What happens after is not your 
concern. 

4946
04:39:38,000 --> 04:39:42,300
Legacy is what others make of 
your work after you're gone, you

4947
04:39:42,300 --> 04:39:45,400
have no control over it. 
You write for the audience in 

4948
04:39:45,400 --> 04:39:47,600
front of you for the actors, you
know. 

4949
04:39:48,400 --> 04:39:53,800
For now, if the plays last, that
is Pleasant, if they do not, you

4950
04:39:53,800 --> 04:39:57,100
will not know. 
Either way you have done your 

4951
04:39:57,100 --> 04:40:01,700
work, your life has been steady 
not without hardship, but 

4952
04:40:01,700 --> 04:40:06,100
without catastrophe, you have 
worked, you have rested, you 

4953
04:40:06,100 --> 04:40:09,700
have maintained connections, you
are fulfilled, responsibilities 

4954
04:40:09,700 --> 04:40:14,400
life is ordinary in many ways, 
but it is also full Hamlet's 

4955
04:40:14,400 --> 04:40:18,100
death was hard financial 
worries, existed conflicts 

4956
04:40:18,100 --> 04:40:20,500
arose. 
But overall life has been stable

4957
04:40:20,500 --> 04:40:24,500
stability allowed, the work 
without it, you could not have 

4958
04:40:24,500 --> 04:40:28,500
produced so much, fullness does 
not require drama a life of 

4959
04:40:28,500 --> 04:40:33,000
steady work and care as full. 
The Quiet Moments matter. 

4960
04:40:33,000 --> 04:40:37,200
The walk through a field, the 
conversation with a friend, the 

4961
04:40:37,200 --> 04:40:40,100
owl was spent reading the night 
was spent sleeping. 

4962
04:40:40,100 --> 04:40:43,800
These are not the moments that 
make history but they are the 

4963
04:40:43,800 --> 04:40:46,700
moments that make a life history
records. 

4964
04:40:46,700 --> 04:40:50,600
The extraordinary life is built 
from the ordinary the small 

4965
04:40:50,600 --> 04:40:54,100
moments accumulate together. 
They are everything. 

4966
04:40:54,100 --> 04:40:58,000
You will not be remembered for 
walking through a field, but the

4967
04:40:58,000 --> 04:41:02,400
walking shaped who you were it 
shaped, what you wrote, you have

4968
04:41:02,400 --> 04:41:06,600
observed much, you have a much, 
you have lived, a life of 

4969
04:41:06,600 --> 04:41:10,200
attention and Care. 
The work reflects, this, the 

4970
04:41:10,200 --> 04:41:12,800
characters feel real, because 
they are drawn from real 

4971
04:41:12,800 --> 04:41:15,900
observation. 
The language feels alive because

4972
04:41:15,900 --> 04:41:18,100
it comes from a mind that has 
listened carefully. 

4973
04:41:19,300 --> 04:41:21,500
Tension is the foundation of 
good writing. 

4974
04:41:21,500 --> 04:41:24,200
You have paid attention for 
decades. 

4975
04:41:24,200 --> 04:41:27,900
The care. 
You take shows in the work, the 

4976
04:41:27,900 --> 04:41:32,300
Precision, the Nuance, the 
humanity, the life and the work 

4977
04:41:32,300 --> 04:41:36,500
are inseparable, the work Grew 
From the life, the life was 

4978
04:41:36,500 --> 04:41:40,500
shaped by the work. 
You can continue day follows 

4979
04:41:40,500 --> 04:41:45,400
day, work, follows, rest 
Seasons, turn you remaining 

4980
04:41:45,400 --> 04:41:47,100
engaged with the world around 
you. 

4981
04:41:47,100 --> 04:41:53,400
You notice you remember you 
create the pattern continues, it

4982
04:41:53,400 --> 04:41:58,500
will continue until it cannot. 
Engagement is the key you remain

4983
04:41:58,500 --> 04:42:02,600
interested. 
Curious attentive as long as you

4984
04:42:02,608 --> 04:42:05,000
engage you are alive in the way 
that matters. 

4985
04:42:05,000 --> 04:42:09,300
Most life is not extraordinary. 
It is simply lived with 

4986
04:42:09,300 --> 04:42:12,500
consistency and purpose. 
This is enough. 

4987
04:42:12,500 --> 04:42:17,100
This is always been enough. 
Extraordinary lives are rare and

4988
04:42:17,100 --> 04:42:20,300
often tragic. 
Ordinary lives are common and 

4989
04:42:20,308 --> 04:42:23,900
often rich. 
You have lived consistently, you

4990
04:42:23,900 --> 04:42:27,300
have lived with purpose. 
These are achievements enough is

4991
04:42:27,300 --> 04:42:29,300
enough. 
You do not need to be more than 

4992
04:42:29,300 --> 04:42:31,700
you are. 
When the day ends, you prepare 

4993
04:42:31,700 --> 04:42:36,100
for sleep, you settle into bed, 
you let go of the day's concerns

4994
04:42:36,100 --> 04:42:39,700
tomorrow, will come, there will 
be more work, more walking, and 

4995
04:42:39,700 --> 04:42:42,900
more observations. 
But for now, you rest the day 

4996
04:42:42,900 --> 04:42:46,900
ends, the Night Comes sleep 
arrives, tomorrow is another 

4997
04:42:46,900 --> 04:42:51,500
day, Cotton will repeat for now.
You rest, the work is done. 

4998
04:42:51,500 --> 04:42:56,100
The day is complete, the Rhythm 
continues, the life continues, 

4999
04:42:56,100 --> 04:42:59,000
the work continues. 
This is how it has always been. 

5000
04:42:59,000 --> 04:43:02,500
This is how it will. 
Remain, continuity is the 

5001
04:43:02,500 --> 04:43:06,400
deepest truth, Everything 
Changes slowly within an 

5002
04:43:06,400 --> 04:43:08,900
unchanging pattern the rhythm is
reliable. 

5003
04:43:08,900 --> 04:43:12,200
You trust it. 
It has carried you, this far. 

5004
04:43:12,200 --> 04:43:16,000
It will carry you to the end. 
And Beyond the end, the work 

5005
04:43:16,000 --> 04:43:20,400
will continue in other hands 
other voices, other times. 

5006
04:43:20,400 --> 04:43:25,300
But that is not your concern. 
Your concern is now this day, 

5007
04:43:25,300 --> 04:43:31,000
this moment this breath and so 
you rest and so the world 

5008
04:43:31,000 --> 04:43:41,500
continues and so The Story Goes 
On You are settling into a story

5009
04:43:41,500 --> 04:43:44,600
from thousands of years ago when
people first began to stay in 

5010
04:43:44,608 --> 04:43:47,500
one place long enough to plant 
seeds and store grain. 

5011
04:43:48,500 --> 04:43:52,000
In those early Villages, warmth 
and shelter, Drew not only 

5012
04:43:52,000 --> 04:43:55,700
people together but also small 
animals who noticed the steady 

5013
04:43:55,700 --> 04:43:58,200
routines and learned that 
nearness could mean safety. 

5014
04:43:59,500 --> 04:44:03,600
This is the story of how cats 
made that choice quietly and on 

5015
04:44:03,600 --> 04:44:07,100
their own terms. 
You awake in a settlement built 

5016
04:44:07,100 --> 04:44:10,300
along a river valley where the 
soil holds water and the sun 

5017
04:44:10,300 --> 04:44:14,900
warms clay Walls by mid-morning.
The S smells of dust and dry 

5018
04:44:14,900 --> 04:44:17,000
grass. 
People move through familiar 

5019
04:44:17,000 --> 04:44:21,000
patterns carrying baskets of 
barley, sweeping dirt, floors 

5020
04:44:21,000 --> 04:44:24,300
and stacking bundles of reads 
against low stone walls. 

5021
04:44:25,000 --> 04:44:28,300
Everything happens slowly shaped
by heat and habit. 

5022
04:44:29,100 --> 04:44:33,600
Grain Stores sit in ceramic jars
with flat Lids stacked in shaded

5023
04:44:33,600 --> 04:44:37,300
corners of Courtyards the jars. 
Hold enough to last through 

5024
04:44:37,300 --> 04:44:39,700
Seasons, when nothing grows 
people. 

5025
04:44:39,700 --> 04:44:43,000
Check them daily. 
Pushing away insects and tilting

5026
04:44:43,000 --> 04:44:46,900
the lids to appear inside the 
grain shifts with a soft whisper

5027
04:44:46,900 --> 04:44:51,300
when Disturbed mice. 
Notice this abundant they 

5028
04:44:51,300 --> 04:44:54,900
arrived in the cool hours before
Dawn slipping through gaps in 

5029
04:44:54,900 --> 04:44:59,300
woven fence's following the 
center of stored seeds, cats 

5030
04:44:59,300 --> 04:45:02,800
noticed, the mice They move into
the edge of the settlement 

5031
04:45:02,800 --> 04:45:06,000
without ceremony stepping 
lightly along the perimeter 

5032
04:45:06,000 --> 04:45:10,100
where walls meet open ground. 
They do not announce themselves,

5033
04:45:10,100 --> 04:45:14,900
they find places to rest in the 
shade of overhangs behind stacks

5034
04:45:14,900 --> 04:45:18,300
of clay bricks and under benches
where the crown stays cool. 

5035
04:45:19,100 --> 04:45:22,200
They watched the movement of 
people and animals, with calm, 

5036
04:45:22,200 --> 04:45:24,500
attention, learning, the rhythm 
of the day. 

5037
04:45:25,800 --> 04:45:27,900
Mornings. 
Begin with the scrape of wooden 

5038
04:45:27,900 --> 04:45:30,800
tools against Stone. 
The rustle of baskets being 

5039
04:45:30,800 --> 04:45:34,300
filled and the low hum of 
voices, discussing tasks. 

5040
04:45:35,300 --> 04:45:39,200
People work steadily pausing to 
drink water from shallow bowls 

5041
04:45:39,200 --> 04:45:42,100
wiping. 
Sweat from their foreheads, the 

5042
04:45:42,100 --> 04:45:46,600
settlement feels orderly and 
predictable Courtyards, fill 

5043
04:45:46,600 --> 04:45:50,100
with sunlight Shadows shrink 
toward midday. 

5044
04:45:50,900 --> 04:45:53,700
Cats settle into spots with 
where they can see without being

5045
04:45:53,700 --> 04:45:58,600
seen alleged above a doorway, a 
gap between two storage jars. 

5046
04:45:59,200 --> 04:46:01,700
The top of a wall warmed by 
Morning, Sun. 

5047
04:46:02,500 --> 04:46:05,700
They rest with eyes, half closed
and Tails curled around their 

5048
04:46:05,700 --> 04:46:09,500
bodies breathing, slowly. 
They do not seek attention. 

5049
04:46:09,500 --> 04:46:13,900
They simply occupy space that 
offers both comfort and Vantage 

5050
04:46:13,900 --> 04:46:17,500
children scatter grain for 
chickens in the courtyard. 

5051
04:46:17,500 --> 04:46:21,900
The birds Peck and flutter 
kicking up, small clouds of 

5052
04:46:21,900 --> 04:46:25,300
dust. 
Cats, watch this activity from a

5053
04:46:25,300 --> 04:46:29,000
distance, noting, the movement, 
the sound, and the predictable 

5054
04:46:29,000 --> 04:46:32,000
timing, they learn when the 
courtyard fills. 

5055
04:46:32,000 --> 04:46:35,300
And when it is they learned 
which paths people take most 

5056
04:46:35,300 --> 04:46:39,500
often in which Corners remain 
undisturbed, By midday the heat 

5057
04:46:39,500 --> 04:46:44,000
presses down and movement slows 
people Retreat indoors or into 

5058
04:46:44,000 --> 04:46:48,100
the deepest shade, the 
settlement grows quiet, even the

5059
04:46:48,100 --> 04:46:51,600
chicken settle into dust baths 
fluffing, their feathers, and 

5060
04:46:51,600 --> 04:46:55,700
closing their eyes. 
Cats remain still conserving 

5061
04:46:55,700 --> 04:46:58,000
energy. 
Letting the hours pass without 

5062
04:46:58,000 --> 04:47:01,300
effort. 
There is no urgency here time 

5063
04:47:01,300 --> 04:47:03,200
moves in Long unhurried 
stretches. 

5064
04:47:04,200 --> 04:47:07,800
Late afternoon, brings a shift 
in temperature, breezes begin to

5065
04:47:07,800 --> 04:47:11,400
move through the spaces between 
buildings, people emerged to 

5066
04:47:11,400 --> 04:47:14,200
continue their work. 
They grind grain with heavy 

5067
04:47:14,200 --> 04:47:16,900
Stones, The Sound rhythmic and 
steady. 

5068
04:47:17,900 --> 04:47:21,500
The Weave mats from reads. 
Their hands moving in practice 

5069
04:47:21,500 --> 04:47:24,500
patterns. 
They meant boss gets repair 

5070
04:47:24,500 --> 04:47:27,700
tools and 10, small Fires for 
evening meals. 

5071
04:47:28,700 --> 04:47:32,600
Cats stretch and shift positions
following the retreating patches

5072
04:47:32,600 --> 04:47:34,700
of sunlight. 
They groom themselves. 

5073
04:47:34,700 --> 04:47:38,600
With careful attention smoothing
fur and cleaning pause. 

5074
04:47:38,600 --> 04:47:42,900
They yawn widely showing sharp 
teeth then settle again. 

5075
04:47:43,800 --> 04:47:47,300
Their presence becomes part of 
the landscape, unremarkable and 

5076
04:47:47,300 --> 04:47:50,400
accepted. 
Mice, Venture, outer Shadows, 

5077
04:47:50,400 --> 04:47:53,200
length and emboldened by the 
approaching dusk. 

5078
04:47:53,200 --> 04:47:56,800
They move quickly darting from 
one hiding spot to another 

5079
04:47:56,800 --> 04:48:00,800
always alert. 
Cats track this movement with 

5080
04:48:00,800 --> 04:48:06,000
Focus Stillness, bodies low ears
forward, sometimes they move, 

5081
04:48:06,000 --> 04:48:10,500
sometimes they simply watch. 
Settlement provides more than 

5082
04:48:10,500 --> 04:48:13,400
enough opportunity. 
There is no need to rush. 

5083
04:48:14,100 --> 04:48:18,600
People notice the cats and 
passing a shape on a wall, a 

5084
04:48:18,600 --> 04:48:20,400
flicker of movement in 
peripheral vision. 

5085
04:48:20,400 --> 04:48:23,600
No one reacts with surprise or 
concern. 

5086
04:48:24,400 --> 04:48:27,800
The cats are simply there as the
chickens are there, as the 

5087
04:48:27,800 --> 04:48:31,000
insects are there. 
They belong to the rhythm of the

5088
04:48:31,000 --> 04:48:33,000
place without requiring 
acknowledgment. 

5089
04:48:33,900 --> 04:48:36,800
Evening approaches and the 
quality of light changes turning

5090
04:48:36,800 --> 04:48:40,500
gold and soft. 
Cooking fires, begin to Glow in 

5091
04:48:40,500 --> 04:48:43,400
halves. 
The smell of baking bread drifts

5092
04:48:43,400 --> 04:48:47,000
through the settlement. 
People gather ways sitting on 

5093
04:48:47,000 --> 04:48:51,200
low stools, talking quietly as 
they eat Cats remain at a 

5094
04:48:51,200 --> 04:48:55,400
distance, observing they do not 
approach the fires or the food, 

5095
04:48:55,400 --> 04:48:58,900
they maintain their own routines
independent. 

5096
04:48:58,900 --> 04:49:02,800
But aware Has Darkness. 
Settles the settlement grows 

5097
04:49:02,800 --> 04:49:06,800
quieter still. 
People move indoors, fires, burn

5098
04:49:06,800 --> 04:49:10,000
lower. 
Sounds of the day Fade Into the 

5099
04:49:10,000 --> 04:49:14,400
sounds of night. 
Distant animal calls the rustle 

5100
04:49:14,400 --> 04:49:17,300
of wind through Reeds. 
And the occasional crack of 

5101
04:49:17,308 --> 04:49:22,400
settling would cats navigate 
this Darkness with ease, their 

5102
04:49:22,400 --> 04:49:25,900
eyes catching faint light, their
movement silent and assured. 

5103
04:49:26,800 --> 04:49:30,100
The daily life of the settlement
continues this way, day after 

5104
04:49:30,100 --> 04:49:34,900
day, season after season. 
Patterns, repeat, cats, learn 

5105
04:49:34,900 --> 04:49:37,900
them thoroughly. 
The understand when grain is 

5106
04:49:37,900 --> 04:49:42,200
poured when Courtyards are swept
when people rest, and when they 

5107
04:49:42,200 --> 04:49:46,600
work, This knowledge allows them
to exist, comfortably within the

5108
04:49:46,600 --> 04:49:50,300
human world without disrupting 
it or being disrupted by it. 

5109
04:49:51,600 --> 04:49:54,800
The relationship begins not 
through intention but through 

5110
04:49:54,800 --> 04:49:59,000
simple proximity and the gradual
recognition of mutual benefit. 

5111
04:50:00,300 --> 04:50:02,600
You watch as people build and 
repair the structures that 

5112
04:50:02,600 --> 04:50:04,800
Define their lives. 
Walls. 

5113
04:50:04,800 --> 04:50:08,700
Rise from mud-bricks dried in 
the sun stacked carefully and 

5114
04:50:08,700 --> 04:50:11,800
mortared with clay. 
Roofs are formed from wooden 

5115
04:50:11,800 --> 04:50:14,400
beams, layered with reeds and 
packed Earth. 

5116
04:50:15,000 --> 04:50:18,600
Each structure takes shape 
through repetition lifting 

5117
04:50:18,600 --> 04:50:23,600
placing, smoothing and waiting 
for materials to set and Harden.

5118
04:50:24,600 --> 04:50:27,900
Cats, observe this construction 
from nearby Vantage points. 

5119
04:50:28,700 --> 04:50:32,200
They note the appearance of new 
walls that create Shade New 

5120
04:50:32,200 --> 04:50:36,100
overhangs that block rain a new 
corners that hold warmth. 

5121
04:50:36,900 --> 04:50:40,600
As people work cats test, these 
spaces, stepping carefully onto 

5122
04:50:40,600 --> 04:50:43,700
fresh surfaces, sniffing at new 
materials and deciding which 

5123
04:50:43,700 --> 04:50:46,800
spots suit them. 
A beam positioned at just the 

5124
04:50:46,800 --> 04:50:48,400
right height becomes a resting 
place. 

5125
04:50:48,400 --> 04:50:53,300
A gap between two walls becomes 
a passage the cats adapt to the 

5126
04:50:53,300 --> 04:50:55,200
changing landscape as it 
develops. 

5127
04:50:55,900 --> 04:50:59,300
People sweep Courtyards daily 
using bundles of Twigs tied with

5128
04:50:59,300 --> 04:51:01,800
cord. 
They pushed dust and debris 

5129
04:51:01,800 --> 04:51:04,800
toward the edges, clearing paths
and Gathering areas. 

5130
04:51:04,800 --> 04:51:09,200
This sweeping creates clean Open
Spaces where movement is easy 

5131
04:51:09,200 --> 04:51:13,500
and visibility is clear. 
Cats move through the swept 

5132
04:51:13,500 --> 04:51:17,600
areas with confidence, their 
paws finding smooth ground there

5133
04:51:17,600 --> 04:51:22,000
approach, unhindered by clutter.
The maintenance of order serves 

5134
04:51:22,000 --> 04:51:24,500
both species without either one 
planning for the other. 

5135
04:51:25,400 --> 04:51:29,700
Storage areas require constant 
attention, baskets need mending.

5136
04:51:29,700 --> 04:51:33,900
When reads crack and split clay 
jars, develop hairline fractures

5137
04:51:33,900 --> 04:51:35,600
that must be sealed with fresh 
clay. 

5138
04:51:35,600 --> 04:51:39,300
Wooden Lids warp in the Heat and
must be replaced. 

5139
04:51:40,300 --> 04:51:43,000
People work steadily to keep 
these containers, functional 

5140
04:51:43,000 --> 04:51:47,200
knowing that grain left exposed 
attracts more than just mice. 

5141
04:51:47,200 --> 04:51:53,800
Insects swarm, Birds descend 
larger animals investigate, the 

5142
04:51:53,800 --> 04:51:56,700
effort to maintain sealed 
storage becomes a daily priority

5143
04:51:56,700 --> 04:52:00,300
cats benefit from this vigilance
sealed. 

5144
04:52:00,300 --> 04:52:03,600
Storage means concentrated 
population of mice and rats 

5145
04:52:03,600 --> 04:52:07,700
drawn to the few accessible 
points of Entry the cats, learn 

5146
04:52:07,700 --> 04:52:10,400
these points. 
They position themselves near 

5147
04:52:10,400 --> 04:52:15,300
the bases of storage jars, near 
the seams of woven baskets, a 

5148
04:52:15,300 --> 04:52:17,800
near the gaps where wooden 
platforms meet walls. 

5149
04:52:18,800 --> 04:52:21,800
They wait with extraordinary, 
patience bodies. 

5150
04:52:21,800 --> 04:52:26,000
Still breathing slow. 
When movement occurs, they 

5151
04:52:26,000 --> 04:52:30,300
respond with sudden Precision, 
then they settle again waiting 

5152
04:52:30,300 --> 04:52:33,800
for the next opportunity. 
Pathways develop through 

5153
04:52:33,800 --> 04:52:37,700
repeated, use people walk. 
The same route between buildings

5154
04:52:37,700 --> 04:52:41,200
between work, areas and water 
sources, and between homes and 

5155
04:52:41,200 --> 04:52:44,000
Fields. 
The footsteps, where the ground 

5156
04:52:44,000 --> 04:52:48,600
smooth? 
Creating defined Trails cats, 

5157
04:52:48,600 --> 04:52:52,500
use the same paths finding them 
easier to navigate than rough 

5158
04:52:52,500 --> 04:52:56,000
Terrain. 
Shared Roots become familiar to 

5159
04:52:56,000 --> 04:52:58,800
both marked by Mutual passage 
though. 

5160
04:52:58,800 --> 04:53:02,800
Never by agreement. 
Repairs happen, constantly. 

5161
04:53:03,900 --> 04:53:06,800
Section of wall, crumbles and 
must be rebuilt. 

5162
04:53:06,800 --> 04:53:11,000
A roof, develops, a leak and 
requires new layers of thatch. 

5163
04:53:11,700 --> 04:53:14,200
The doorway sags and needs 
reinforcements. 

5164
04:53:15,200 --> 04:53:19,000
People approach these tasks 
methodically Gathering materials

5165
04:53:19,000 --> 04:53:22,300
working in the cooler hours and 
testing their repairs before 

5166
04:53:22,300 --> 04:53:26,000
considering them complete. 
Cats are just to the temporary 

5167
04:53:26,000 --> 04:53:30,200
disruption moving to adjacent. 
Space is watching the work with 

5168
04:53:30,200 --> 04:53:34,000
calm interest and returning once
stability is restored. 

5169
04:53:34,900 --> 04:53:38,800
Courtyards become centers of 
activity, people gather there to

5170
04:53:38,808 --> 04:53:43,000
work on tasks that require 
space, spreading grain to dry 

5171
04:53:43,000 --> 04:53:47,000
sorting harvested crops and 
preparing materials for 

5172
04:53:47,000 --> 04:53:49,800
building. 
The ground is packed, hard from 

5173
04:53:49,800 --> 04:53:54,700
constant, use low walls, Define 
the edges benches and platforms.

5174
04:53:54,700 --> 04:53:59,200
Provide places to sit and rest. 
Cats navigate the margins of 

5175
04:53:59,200 --> 04:54:03,000
these spaces, staying clear of 
active work but remaining close 

5176
04:54:03,000 --> 04:54:05,800
enough to observe. 
Water channels require 

5177
04:54:05,800 --> 04:54:09,100
maintenance. 
Clay lined, trenches carry water

5178
04:54:09,100 --> 04:54:10,400
from the river to the 
settlement. 

5179
04:54:11,300 --> 04:54:15,700
Sediment accumulates and must be
cleared, cracks develop and need

5180
04:54:15,700 --> 04:54:18,700
patching. 
People weighed into the shallow 

5181
04:54:18,700 --> 04:54:20,700
Channels with tools. 
Scraping away. 

5182
04:54:20,700 --> 04:54:25,100
Build-ups smoothing, surfaces 
and ensuring steady flow Cats 

5183
04:54:25,100 --> 04:54:28,300
watch from the banks, 
occasionally lapping water from 

5184
04:54:28,300 --> 04:54:31,700
the edges, taking advantage of 
the accessible moisture without 

5185
04:54:31,700 --> 04:54:33,000
venturing into the channels 
themselves. 

5186
04:54:34,200 --> 04:54:38,100
Building materials accumulate in
designated areas stacks, of 

5187
04:54:38,100 --> 04:54:42,900
reeds piles of clay bricks 
bundles of wooden poles these 

5188
04:54:42,900 --> 04:54:46,200
collections create sheltered 
nooks and elevated platforms. 

5189
04:54:47,000 --> 04:54:49,000
Cats. 
Explore the spaces thoroughly. 

5190
04:54:49,800 --> 04:54:52,900
Discovering, which Stacks are 
stable enough to climb which 

5191
04:54:52,900 --> 04:54:56,700
gaps provide shelter from wind 
and which Heights offer the best

5192
04:54:56,700 --> 04:55:00,300
view. 
The unintended architecture of 

5193
04:55:00,300 --> 04:55:03,200
stored materials becomes a 
landscape of opportunity. 

5194
04:55:04,000 --> 04:55:07,200
People build low walls to Define
property and create boundaries. 

5195
04:55:07,200 --> 04:55:11,000
These walls are not high just 
enough to Mark separation and 

5196
04:55:11,000 --> 04:55:14,900
provide modest privacy. 
Cats use the tops of these walls

5197
04:55:14,900 --> 04:55:18,500
as highways moving through the 
settlement with elevation and 

5198
04:55:18,500 --> 04:55:21,300
speed. 
The walls become connective 

5199
04:55:21,300 --> 04:55:24,300
tissue. 
Linking different areas allowing

5200
04:55:24,300 --> 04:55:27,700
cats to travel without 
descending to ground level where

5201
04:55:27,700 --> 04:55:30,000
people and other animals, move 
more densely. 

5202
04:55:30,900 --> 04:55:34,000
Halves are built with care using
stones. 

5203
04:55:34,000 --> 04:55:37,600
That can withstand Heat 
Positioned to allow smoke to 

5204
04:55:37,600 --> 04:55:39,700
rise and Escape through roof 
openings. 

5205
04:55:40,500 --> 04:55:42,800
Ashes accumulate in a removed 
regularly. 

5206
04:55:42,800 --> 04:55:46,700
Carried away to be used in 
gardens or mixed with clay for 

5207
04:55:46,700 --> 04:55:49,700
building. 
Cats avoid active fires, but 

5208
04:55:49,700 --> 04:55:52,900
appreciate the residual, warmth 
of stones, that have held heat 

5209
04:55:52,900 --> 04:55:56,200
through the day. they rest near 
the spots in the evening 

5210
04:55:56,200 --> 04:56:00,200
absorbing warmth as 
temperatures, drop The act of 

5211
04:56:00,200 --> 04:56:03,200
maintaining shared spaces 
creates a rhythm that cats can 

5212
04:56:03,200 --> 04:56:05,100
anticipate. 
Mourning. 

5213
04:56:05,100 --> 04:56:08,400
Sweeping midday repairs evening 
cooking. 

5214
04:56:09,300 --> 04:56:11,900
Each activity signal, something 
about the state of the 

5215
04:56:11,900 --> 04:56:14,700
settlement about where people 
will be and what they will be 

5216
04:56:14,700 --> 04:56:17,400
doing. 
Cats, do not participate in this

5217
04:56:17,400 --> 04:56:20,300
maintenance, but they benefit 
from its results. 

5218
04:56:21,200 --> 04:56:24,700
Clean paths. 
Stable structures, concentrated 

5219
04:56:24,700 --> 04:56:26,800
resources and predictable 
patterns. 

5220
04:56:27,900 --> 04:56:31,700
Shared environment becomes 
gradually a true shared space. 

5221
04:56:31,700 --> 04:56:35,700
You notice the way presence 
becomes acceptance without ever 

5222
04:56:35,700 --> 04:56:39,200
becoming partnership. 
People and cats occupy the same 

5223
04:56:39,200 --> 04:56:41,600
settlement. 
Moving through the same days 

5224
04:56:41,600 --> 04:56:44,400
yet, maintaining separate 
rhythms that occasionally 

5225
04:56:44,400 --> 04:56:48,800
intersect without Collision. 
Cat rests on a sunwarmed wall. 

5226
04:56:48,800 --> 04:56:51,700
A person walks past, carrying a 
basket. 

5227
04:56:51,700 --> 04:56:54,400
Neither acknowledges, the other 
directly. 

5228
04:56:55,200 --> 04:56:57,100
Person does not stop to observe 
the cat. 

5229
04:56:57,100 --> 04:56:59,800
The cat does not startle or 
flee. 

5230
04:57:00,500 --> 04:57:03,900
Both continue with their own 
concerns, their proximity 

5231
04:57:03,900 --> 04:57:07,300
unremarkable. 
This happens dozens of times 

5232
04:57:07,300 --> 04:57:11,100
each day and accumulation of 
neutral encounters that builds 

5233
04:57:11,100 --> 04:57:13,200
familiarity through sheer 
repetition. 

5234
04:57:15,000 --> 04:57:18,800
Children are the first to show 
interest, they notice cats more 

5235
04:57:18,800 --> 04:57:22,200
readily than adults. 
Do pointing them out, watching 

5236
04:57:22,200 --> 04:57:25,600
them groom or stretch or move 
along the tops of walls. 

5237
04:57:27,000 --> 04:57:30,000
Occasionally, a child reaches 
out, a tempting to touch a cat 

5238
04:57:30,008 --> 04:57:34,200
that Ventures near. 
Most cats step away, maintaining

5239
04:57:34,200 --> 04:57:38,500
distance unwilling to engage a 
few allow brief contact 

5240
04:57:38,500 --> 04:57:43,000
tolerating a gentle hand before 
moving on. the children, learn 

5241
04:57:43,000 --> 04:57:46,000
gradually, which cats accept 
this attention and which do not 

5242
04:57:46,800 --> 04:57:49,800
No one teaches them this, they 
learn through observation and 

5243
04:57:49,800 --> 04:57:53,700
minor disappointment adults 
focus on work and allow cats to 

5244
04:57:53,700 --> 04:57:56,300
exist without interference a 
woman. 

5245
04:57:56,300 --> 04:57:59,500
Grinding grain notices a cat 
sleeping in the shade of her 

5246
04:57:59,500 --> 04:58:02,700
workspace. 
She continues grinding, the 

5247
04:58:02,700 --> 04:58:06,700
rhythmic sound unchanging. 
Cat continues sleeping, 

5248
04:58:06,700 --> 04:58:10,100
undisturbed by the noise. 
They share the space for hours 

5249
04:58:10,100 --> 04:58:13,400
without interaction. 
When the woman finishes and 

5250
04:58:13,400 --> 04:58:17,300
moves away the cat remains, when
the cat eventually wakes and 

5251
04:58:17,308 --> 04:58:19,400
leaves the woman does not 
notice. 

5252
04:58:19,400 --> 04:58:23,700
Its absence Tolerance becomes 
the foundation of coexistence 

5253
04:58:23,700 --> 04:58:27,400
people tolerate cats in their 
storage areas because the catch 

5254
04:58:27,400 --> 04:58:30,800
reduced vermin. 
Cats, tolerate people because 

5255
04:58:30,800 --> 04:58:34,300
the settlement provides a 
resources and safety, neither 

5256
04:58:34,300 --> 04:58:38,100
species seeks deeper connection.
The relationship remains 

5257
04:58:38,100 --> 04:58:41,700
practical grounded in, mutual 
benefit that requires no 

5258
04:58:41,700 --> 04:58:45,800
affection or loyalty. 
Some cats become more visible 

5259
04:58:45,800 --> 04:58:48,100
than others, a particular 
individual. 

5260
04:58:48,100 --> 04:58:50,700
Might choose a favorite resting 
spot in a frequently. 

5261
04:58:50,700 --> 04:58:53,300
Traveled area becoming a 
familiar sight. 

5262
04:58:54,200 --> 04:58:58,300
People begin to recognize this 
cat by its markings or behavior.

5263
04:58:58,300 --> 04:59:02,000
They do not name it or claim it,
but they notice when it is 

5264
04:59:02,008 --> 04:59:07,200
present and when it is absent, 
This recognition is passive a 

5265
04:59:07,200 --> 04:59:09,600
byproduct of routine rather than
intention. 

5266
04:59:10,500 --> 04:59:14,200
Meals are eaten in Courtyards or
near doorways, people sit 

5267
04:59:14,200 --> 04:59:16,300
together, sharing food from 
common vessels. 

5268
04:59:17,100 --> 04:59:21,100
Small amounts fall to the ground
crumbs of bread fragments of 

5269
04:59:21,108 --> 04:59:25,700
cooked grain bits of dried fish.
Cats observe from a distance 

5270
04:59:25,700 --> 04:59:28,700
waiting until people dispersed 
before approaching to 

5271
04:59:28,700 --> 04:59:31,200
investigate. 
What remains they eat? 

5272
04:59:31,200 --> 04:59:33,100
What interests them. 
And ignore the rest. 

5273
04:59:34,200 --> 04:59:37,400
People do not set food out to 
deliberately for cats, but they 

5274
04:59:37,400 --> 04:59:40,100
do not prevent cats from taking 
what has been dropped or 

5275
04:59:40,100 --> 04:59:43,000
discarded. 
Seasonal changes affect both 

5276
04:59:43,000 --> 04:59:46,600
humans and cats. 
When rains come people seek 

5277
04:59:46,600 --> 04:59:51,100
shelter indoors and cats find 
dry spaces beneath overhangs or 

5278
04:59:51,100 --> 04:59:53,000
inside partially open 
structures. 

5279
04:59:54,100 --> 04:59:57,500
When he intense advised, both 
species, move more slowly 

5280
04:59:57,500 --> 05:00:01,200
seeking shade and resting 
through the hottest hours. 

5281
05:00:02,600 --> 05:00:06,700
When cooler weather arrives, 
both become more active working 

5282
05:00:06,700 --> 05:00:08,700
or hunting during longer 
portions of the day. 

5283
05:00:09,900 --> 05:00:12,700
The shared response to 
environmental conditions creates

5284
05:00:12,700 --> 05:00:16,700
parallel patterns of behavior. 
Boundaries develop naturally 

5285
05:00:16,700 --> 05:00:20,500
cats learn which buildings are 
occupied, and which stand empty.

5286
05:00:20,500 --> 05:00:23,800
They avoid entering active, 
Living Spaces, where people 

5287
05:00:23,800 --> 05:00:26,800
sleep and gather. 
They prefer storage areas. 

5288
05:00:26,800 --> 05:00:30,500
Workshops and Courtyards where 
human presence is intermittent 

5289
05:00:30,500 --> 05:00:33,500
and predictable. 
People in turn, do not attempt 

5290
05:00:33,500 --> 05:00:36,200
to control where cats go or how 
they spend their time. 

5291
05:00:37,100 --> 05:00:39,600
The settlement is large enough 
to accommodate both without 

5292
05:00:39,600 --> 05:00:43,100
crowding or conflict. 
Illness and injury occur among 

5293
05:00:43,100 --> 05:00:44,800
cats as they do among all 
animals. 

5294
05:00:45,800 --> 05:00:49,300
A cat limps from a strained, 
poor moving more slowly for 

5295
05:00:49,300 --> 05:00:52,300
several days before recovering. 
Cat develops. 

5296
05:00:52,300 --> 05:00:56,200
A wound that gradually heals. 
People noticed these conditions 

5297
05:00:56,200 --> 05:01:01,100
in passing but do not intervene.
cats manage their health resting

5298
05:01:01,100 --> 05:01:05,000
when needed, and continuing to 
hunt and explore when able There

5299
05:01:05,000 --> 05:01:07,700
is no expectation of care and no
provisional of it. 

5300
05:01:08,500 --> 05:01:12,100
New cats arrived, occasionally 
drawn by the same resources that

5301
05:01:12,100 --> 05:01:16,100
sustain the existing population.
These newcomers navigate the 

5302
05:01:16,100 --> 05:01:19,700
social landscape of the resident
cats finding their own 

5303
05:01:19,700 --> 05:01:23,900
territories and routines people.
Observe this process with mild 

5304
05:01:23,900 --> 05:01:27,000
interest but do not interfere 
cat population. 

5305
05:01:27,000 --> 05:01:30,900
Fluctuates naturally shaped by 
available resources and the 

5306
05:01:30,900 --> 05:01:34,300
carrying capacity of the 
settlement rather than by human 

5307
05:01:34,300 --> 05:01:36,800
management. 
Some cats leave. 

5308
05:01:36,800 --> 05:01:39,400
They want to be on the 
settlements boundaries and do 

5309
05:01:39,400 --> 05:01:42,300
not return. 
People do not search for them or

5310
05:01:42,300 --> 05:01:45,400
wonder where they have gone, 
other cats appear to replace 

5311
05:01:45,400 --> 05:01:47,800
them and life continues without 
interruption. 

5312
05:01:49,100 --> 05:01:52,200
The fluidity of the cat 
population mirrors, the fluidity

5313
05:01:52,200 --> 05:01:55,400
of human life in the settlement 
where people also come and go 

5314
05:01:55,408 --> 05:01:58,900
arriving from other places or 
departing to establish new 

5315
05:01:58,900 --> 05:02:02,400
homes. 
The coexistence Remains unmarked

5316
05:02:02,400 --> 05:02:06,200
by ceremony or acknowledgment. 
There are no ritual celebrating 

5317
05:02:06,200 --> 05:02:09,600
the presence of cats know 
stories told about particular 

5318
05:02:09,600 --> 05:02:12,800
individuals and no attempts to 
formalize the relationship. 

5319
05:02:14,100 --> 05:02:18,000
Cats and humans simply live near
one, another sharing space and 

5320
05:02:18,000 --> 05:02:21,300
resources in ways that require 
minimal effort from either side.

5321
05:02:22,100 --> 05:02:26,000
This implicitly, this lack of 
complication allows the 

5322
05:02:26,000 --> 05:02:29,000
arrangement to endure without 
strain or expectation. 

5323
05:02:29,900 --> 05:02:32,500
You feel the weight of midday 
heat settling over the 

5324
05:02:32,500 --> 05:02:34,000
settlement, like a thick 
blanket? 

5325
05:02:35,100 --> 05:02:38,900
Movement slows until it nearly 
stops people Retreat. 

5326
05:02:38,900 --> 05:02:42,000
To the coolest spaces. 
They can find sitting in deep 

5327
05:02:42,000 --> 05:02:44,900
shade or line on Floors inside 
building. 

5328
05:02:44,900 --> 05:02:49,400
Where walls block the Sun. 
They're breathing deepens their 

5329
05:02:49,400 --> 05:02:52,700
eyes closed. 
Time stretches and softens. 

5330
05:02:53,400 --> 05:02:56,400
Cats respond to the same heat 
with the same Instinct for 

5331
05:02:56,400 --> 05:02:59,600
Stillness. 
They find their own cool spots 

5332
05:02:59,600 --> 05:03:03,200
beneath carts, where air, 
circulates in the shadow of 

5333
05:03:03,200 --> 05:03:04,900
walls that face away from the 
Sun. 

5334
05:03:04,900 --> 05:03:08,500
And on Stone floors inside empty
storage rooms, where the 

5335
05:03:08,500 --> 05:03:13,200
temperature stays even They curl
into compact shapes or sprawl, 

5336
05:03:13,200 --> 05:03:16,400
with legs extended, whatever 
position offers the most 

5337
05:03:16,400 --> 05:03:18,900
comfort. 
Their body's relaxed completely 

5338
05:03:18,900 --> 05:03:22,300
muscles. 
Loose Tails Motionless. 

5339
05:03:23,000 --> 05:03:26,400
The settlement enters a state of
collective pause even the 

5340
05:03:26,400 --> 05:03:29,900
chickens stop, their constant 
movement settling into Hollows. 

5341
05:03:29,900 --> 05:03:33,500
They have scratched in the dirt 
panting softly with beaks open 

5342
05:03:34,400 --> 05:03:38,500
Dog's sprawl in the shade 
tongues lolling side's rising 

5343
05:03:38,500 --> 05:03:41,700
and falling with each breath. 
the entire community of 

5344
05:03:41,700 --> 05:03:45,200
creatures acknowledges the same 
need for rest, the same 

5345
05:03:45,200 --> 05:03:48,300
surrender to conditions that 
cannot be changed or hurried, 

5346
05:03:49,300 --> 05:03:52,600
Cats, sleep in short Cycles, 
waking briefly to shift 

5347
05:03:52,600 --> 05:03:54,800
position, or groom before 
settling again. 

5348
05:03:55,600 --> 05:03:58,000
Their sleep is light enough that
they remain aware of their 

5349
05:03:58,000 --> 05:04:01,800
surroundings ears. 
Swiveling towards sounds eyes, 

5350
05:04:01,800 --> 05:04:04,500
opening to slits when something 
moves nearby. 

5351
05:04:05,400 --> 05:04:07,500
They do not dream in ways that 
show. 

5352
05:04:07,500 --> 05:04:12,200
Outwardly they simply rest 
allowing their bodies to recover

5353
05:04:12,200 --> 05:04:15,500
from the energy spent hunting 
and exploring during cooler 

5354
05:04:15,500 --> 05:04:18,700
hours. 
People wake from their own, rest

5355
05:04:18,700 --> 05:04:21,700
more gradually. 
They sit up slowly, rubbing 

5356
05:04:21,700 --> 05:04:25,400
their faces drinking water, from
clay vessels, and preparing to 

5357
05:04:25,400 --> 05:04:28,300
resume work. 
As the day cools, their 

5358
05:04:28,300 --> 05:04:30,900
movements are unhurried still 
heavy with the remnants of 

5359
05:04:30,900 --> 05:04:32,800
sleep. 
They talk quietly. 

5360
05:04:32,800 --> 05:04:35,800
If they talk at all conserving 
energy for the tasks ahead, 

5361
05:04:36,900 --> 05:04:40,400
Later afternoon, brings a shift 
in energy, Shadows length. 

5362
05:04:40,400 --> 05:04:44,000
And the air begins to move. 
People emerge from buildings, 

5363
05:04:44,000 --> 05:04:47,400
stretching Gathering tools and 
returning to interrupted work. 

5364
05:04:48,200 --> 05:04:52,200
Cats wake to rising from their 
resting places arching, their 

5365
05:04:52,200 --> 05:04:56,100
backs and extending their legs. 
One at a time, they groom 

5366
05:04:56,100 --> 05:04:59,100
thoroughly attending to every 
part of their body's with 

5367
05:04:59,100 --> 05:05:02,200
focused care. 
This grooming marks the 

5368
05:05:02,200 --> 05:05:06,100
transition from rest to 
activity, evening approaches, 

5369
05:05:06,100 --> 05:05:08,500
and both humans and cats become 
more animated. 

5370
05:05:08,500 --> 05:05:13,000
People work steadily making 
progress, while conditions allow

5371
05:05:14,000 --> 05:05:15,500
Cats. 
Begin to move through their 

5372
05:05:15,500 --> 05:05:18,800
territories. 
Checking familiar spots watching

5373
05:05:18,800 --> 05:05:21,300
for signs of mice or other small
animals. 

5374
05:05:21,300 --> 05:05:24,800
The settlement fills with 
purposeful activity. 

5375
05:05:24,800 --> 05:05:27,400
Each creature following its own 
routine. 

5376
05:05:28,400 --> 05:05:31,000
As Darkness Falls patterns of 
rest shift again. 

5377
05:05:31,700 --> 05:05:34,900
People gather near Fires for 
evening meals, then gradually 

5378
05:05:34,900 --> 05:05:39,000
dispersed to sleeping areas. 
They lie down on woven mats or 

5379
05:05:39,000 --> 05:05:42,400
simple beds of gathered reads 
pulling a light coverings over 

5380
05:05:42,400 --> 05:05:46,800
themselves as air cools, their 
breathing slows conversations 

5381
05:05:46,800 --> 05:05:51,300
fade, the settlement quiets. 
Cats remain active longer, 

5382
05:05:51,300 --> 05:05:55,600
navigating Darkness with ease. 
They move through the settlement

5383
05:05:55,600 --> 05:05:58,400
on silent. 
Pause their eyes reflecting any 

5384
05:05:58,400 --> 05:06:01,400
available light. 
They hunt when opportunity 

5385
05:06:01,400 --> 05:06:04,100
presents itself and rest when it
does not. 

5386
05:06:05,400 --> 05:06:09,300
As the night deepens, they find 
warm spots to settle near 

5387
05:06:09,300 --> 05:06:13,200
hearths, where coals still hold 
heat in corners of buildings, 

5388
05:06:13,200 --> 05:06:16,900
where warmth collects a next to 
walls, that radiates the days 

5389
05:06:16,900 --> 05:06:20,800
absorbed son. 
Some cats choose to rest nissley

5390
05:06:20,800 --> 05:06:24,800
sleeping, humans drawn by warmth
and the sense of safety that 

5391
05:06:24,800 --> 05:06:28,100
comes from proximity to larger 
creatures who pose no threat. 

5392
05:06:29,100 --> 05:06:32,400
They settle at a respectful 
distance, maintaining their 

5393
05:06:32,400 --> 05:06:34,600
independence even as they share 
space. 

5394
05:06:35,800 --> 05:06:38,800
People sleep on aware of this 
nearness or aware, but 

5395
05:06:38,800 --> 05:06:42,700
unconcerned accepting the cat's 
presence as part of the night, 

5396
05:06:42,700 --> 05:06:46,100
Stillness. 
The rhythm of rest becomes a 

5397
05:06:46,100 --> 05:06:49,500
shared language both species, 
understand the necessity of 

5398
05:06:49,508 --> 05:06:53,600
pausing, the value of conserving
energy and the importance of 

5399
05:06:53,600 --> 05:06:57,000
responding to environmental cues
that signal when to move and 

5400
05:06:57,000 --> 05:07:00,500
went to be still. 
This understanding requires no 

5401
05:07:00,500 --> 05:07:05,600
communication, it exists in the 
body's wisdom in the instinct to

5402
05:07:05,600 --> 05:07:07,900
rest. 
When rest is needed and to wake 

5403
05:07:07,900 --> 05:07:12,200
when conditions improve Mornings
begin with gradual stirring. 

5404
05:07:12,200 --> 05:07:16,600
People wake to the first light 
Rising slowly moving quietly. 

5405
05:07:16,600 --> 05:07:18,900
So is not to disturb others who 
still sleep. 

5406
05:07:19,800 --> 05:07:23,400
Cats, wake to stretching, 
elaborately yawning, and 

5407
05:07:23,400 --> 05:07:25,600
beginning to groom, before 
setting out to explore. 

5408
05:07:26,800 --> 05:07:29,700
The settlement transitions from 
Knight Stillness to days, 

5409
05:07:29,700 --> 05:07:32,500
activity through a gentle 
progression, that honors. 

5410
05:07:32,500 --> 05:07:36,200
The need for both rest and 
wakefulness. throughout Seasons 

5411
05:07:36,200 --> 05:07:40,600
the specific timing shifts, but 
the pattern remains Summer days 

5412
05:07:40,600 --> 05:07:44,200
bring longer periods of midday 
rest and shorter cooler periods 

5413
05:07:44,200 --> 05:07:47,900
of activity, winter days. 
Allow more sustained work with 

5414
05:07:47,900 --> 05:07:49,400
less need for heat driven 
pauses. 

5415
05:07:50,400 --> 05:07:52,700
Cats and humans are just their 
rhythms accordingly. 

5416
05:07:52,700 --> 05:07:56,600
Both responding to the same 
environmental pressures and both

5417
05:07:56,600 --> 05:07:59,200
finding balance between effort 
and recuperation. 

5418
05:08:00,300 --> 05:08:03,800
Rest becomes a form of 
coexistence as meaningful as any

5419
05:08:03,800 --> 05:08:05,900
other. 
In the shared need for 

5420
05:08:05,900 --> 05:08:09,200
Stillness, in the parallel 
patterns of sleep, and waking 

5421
05:08:09,200 --> 05:08:13,000
humans and cats, find common 
ground that requires no 

5422
05:08:13,000 --> 05:08:16,600
negotiation. 
Is simply rest when rest is 

5423
05:08:16,600 --> 05:08:21,500
needed side by side in the same 
settlement under the same Sun, 

5424
05:08:21,500 --> 05:08:23,600
part of the same Rhythm that 
governs. 

5425
05:08:23,600 --> 05:08:26,300
All life. 
You observe how nourishment 

5426
05:08:26,300 --> 05:08:29,000
shapes the daily patterns of 
both humans and cats? 

5427
05:08:29,000 --> 05:08:32,300
Food is not abundant but it is 
reliable. 

5428
05:08:32,300 --> 05:08:36,400
The settlement stores, hold 
grain, harvested, from nearby 

5429
05:08:36,400 --> 05:08:39,000
Fields. 
People portion, this grain, 

5430
05:08:39,000 --> 05:08:42,600
carefully, grinding it as 
needed, baking it into bread and

5431
05:08:42,600 --> 05:08:44,400
cooking it into simple 
porridges. 

5432
05:08:45,100 --> 05:08:48,100
The work of preparing. 
Food happens daily, creating 

5433
05:08:48,100 --> 05:08:51,700
regular, scraps and spillage. 
Grain scattered during 

5434
05:08:51,700 --> 05:08:55,500
processing attracts mice. 
They emerge at dawn and dusk 

5435
05:08:55,500 --> 05:08:59,500
moving quickly, through Shadows 
Gathering fall and seeds, and 

5436
05:08:59,500 --> 05:09:02,400
retreating to Hidden Burrows 
between the settlements walls. 

5437
05:09:03,600 --> 05:09:06,900
Their presence is constant 
sustained by the same resources 

5438
05:09:06,900 --> 05:09:10,700
that feed the human population. 
The mice Thrive, wherever grain 

5439
05:09:10,700 --> 05:09:14,500
is stored or handled. 
Cats position himself near these

5440
05:09:14,500 --> 05:09:17,600
areas of activity. 
They learn the locations where 

5441
05:09:17,600 --> 05:09:22,500
grain is most often spilled near
grinding, Stones around storage 

5442
05:09:22,500 --> 05:09:27,300
jars and in Corners where bus 
gets rented and filled They wait

5443
05:09:27,300 --> 05:09:31,000
with focused patients, bodies 
low eyes fixed on Spaces where 

5444
05:09:31,000 --> 05:09:34,200
mice are likely to appear. 
Sometimes they wait for hours. 

5445
05:09:35,000 --> 05:09:38,200
Sometimes they wait through 
entire days, they're willingness

5446
05:09:38,200 --> 05:09:41,600
to remain still makes their 
hunting possible when a cat 

5447
05:09:41,608 --> 05:09:43,500
catches a mouse, it does so 
quickly. 

5448
05:09:44,700 --> 05:09:47,800
There is a brief moment of 
sudden movement, then Stillness 

5449
05:09:47,800 --> 05:09:50,800
again. 
The cat carries its catch to a 

5450
05:09:50,800 --> 05:09:54,200
quiet spot consumes it 
efficiently and returns to 

5451
05:09:54,200 --> 05:09:57,600
waiting. 
This pattern repeats throughout 

5452
05:09:57,600 --> 05:10:01,200
the day and night, providing the
cat with regular meals with 

5453
05:10:01,200 --> 05:10:03,500
without requiring human 
intervention or provision. 

5454
05:10:04,300 --> 05:10:07,900
Or people prepare food Outdoors,
when weather permits working in 

5455
05:10:07,900 --> 05:10:11,700
Courtyards where smoke from 
cooking fires can disperse, they

5456
05:10:11,700 --> 05:10:14,700
gut fish caught from the river 
trimming away Parts. 

5457
05:10:14,700 --> 05:10:17,900
They do not eat. 
They pluck birds discarding 

5458
05:10:17,900 --> 05:10:21,400
feathers and awful. 
They shall not legumes leaving 

5459
05:10:21,400 --> 05:10:25,200
husks and piles. 
These byproducts accumulate in 

5460
05:10:25,200 --> 05:10:28,800
designated areas and a later 
carried away to be buried or 

5461
05:10:28,800 --> 05:10:31,400
burned. 
Before these scraps are cleared 

5462
05:10:31,400 --> 05:10:35,000
cats investigate them, their 
drawn, by the smell of fishing 

5463
05:10:35,000 --> 05:10:37,100
trails and the sight of 
discarded meat. 

5464
05:10:37,900 --> 05:10:41,800
The approach cautiously aware 
that people are nearby ready to 

5465
05:10:41,800 --> 05:10:45,600
retreat of necessary. 
Most often people ignore the 

5466
05:10:45,600 --> 05:10:49,400
cats, sometimes a person, waves,
a hand, a shoe, a cat away, from

5467
05:10:49,408 --> 05:10:51,600
fresh scraps. 
They still intend to use. 

5468
05:10:52,600 --> 05:10:54,700
The cat moves back, a short 
distance and waits. 

5469
05:10:55,500 --> 05:10:58,300
When the person finishes and 
walks away the cat returns 

5470
05:10:58,300 --> 05:11:02,700
certain foods, interest cats, 
more than others raw fish, hold 

5471
05:11:02,700 --> 05:11:05,800
strong appeal. 
So do the organs and Bones of 

5472
05:11:05,800 --> 05:11:09,200
birds, cats show, little 
interest in Grain or bread. 

5473
05:11:09,200 --> 05:11:12,300
Though, they occasionally sniff 
at these items before turning 

5474
05:11:12,300 --> 05:11:14,900
away. 
Their diet remains primarily 

5475
05:11:14,900 --> 05:11:18,600
meet obtained through hunting or
Scavenging shaped by their own 

5476
05:11:18,600 --> 05:11:22,600
preferences and instincts. 
Opportunity appears in Cycles 

5477
05:11:22,600 --> 05:11:25,800
tied to human activity. 
Morning food, preparation 

5478
05:11:25,800 --> 05:11:28,700
creates one set of possibilities
evening, meals. 

5479
05:11:28,700 --> 05:11:32,400
Create another Seasonal Harvest 
spring temporary abundance. 

5480
05:11:32,400 --> 05:11:35,600
When grain is threshed, and 
winnowed sending up clouds of 

5481
05:11:35,600 --> 05:11:39,600
chaff and scattering seeds. 
Widely Cats do not eat this 

5482
05:11:39,600 --> 05:11:43,600
grain but they hunt the mice 
drawn to it benefiting in 

5483
05:11:43,600 --> 05:11:45,500
directly from the Harvest 
plenty. 

5484
05:11:46,400 --> 05:11:48,600
Water is available in the 
settlements channels and 

5485
05:11:48,600 --> 05:11:52,100
collection vessels. 
Cats drink from the sources when

5486
05:11:52,100 --> 05:11:55,200
they are thirsty. 
Lapping from the edges of clay 

5487
05:11:55,200 --> 05:11:57,900
bowls or from shallow portions 
of the water channels. 

5488
05:11:58,900 --> 05:12:01,500
People do not prevent this water
flows. 

5489
05:12:01,500 --> 05:12:03,400
Steadily enough that sharing it 
costs. 

5490
05:12:03,400 --> 05:12:06,100
Nothing. 
Some cats, prove more skilled at

5491
05:12:06,100 --> 05:12:08,700
hunting than others. 
Particularly Adept cat. 

5492
05:12:08,700 --> 05:12:12,200
Might catch several mice in a 
day eating what it needs and 

5493
05:12:12,200 --> 05:12:14,900
leaving the rest. 
Other cats hunt, less 

5494
05:12:14,900 --> 05:12:18,900
successfully going longer 
between meals, appearing, thin 

5495
05:12:18,900 --> 05:12:22,800
and sharp boned. 
The settlements supports a 

5496
05:12:22,800 --> 05:12:25,400
population of cats roughly 
proportional to the available 

5497
05:12:25,400 --> 05:12:29,200
prey with natural fluctuations, 
that balance of availability 

5498
05:12:29,200 --> 05:12:32,800
against need. 
Birds nest in the settlement 

5499
05:12:32,800 --> 05:12:37,500
structures tucking nests into 
crevasses and overhangs these 

5500
05:12:37,500 --> 05:12:41,300
nests sometimes, hold eggs, or 
fledgling's cats, occasionally, 

5501
05:12:41,300 --> 05:12:44,700
discover and raid these nests 
climbing to reach them and 

5502
05:12:44,700 --> 05:12:48,900
consuming the contents quickly. 
People do not intervene birds 

5503
05:12:48,900 --> 05:12:51,800
are not domesticated or 
protected their losses. 

5504
05:12:51,800 --> 05:12:55,500
To catch a simply part of the 
ecosystem cats, do not beg for 

5505
05:12:55,500 --> 05:12:57,700
food. 
They do not approach people with

5506
05:12:57,700 --> 05:13:01,000
expectation or demand, their 
entire relationship with 

5507
05:13:01,000 --> 05:13:04,900
nourishment remains independent 
based on their own efforts and 

5508
05:13:04,900 --> 05:13:07,800
the incidental Bounty created by
human activity. 

5509
05:13:08,900 --> 05:13:11,600
This Independence, preserves the
essential nature of the 

5510
05:13:11,600 --> 05:13:15,200
relationship cats, choose to 
stay because staying offers 

5511
05:13:15,200 --> 05:13:18,600
Advantage, not because they 
depend on human generosity. 

5512
05:13:19,800 --> 05:13:24,300
Lean times affect both species. 
When harvest fail or stores run 

5513
05:13:24,300 --> 05:13:26,900
low people. 
Rational, grain more carefully 

5514
05:13:26,900 --> 05:13:31,300
reducing spillage and guarding 
resources more closely Fewer 

5515
05:13:31,300 --> 05:13:34,800
scraps appear. 
Mice, populations decline with 

5516
05:13:34,800 --> 05:13:37,900
less available food. 
Cats, find hunting more 

5517
05:13:37,900 --> 05:13:40,500
difficult. 
Some leave the settlement to 

5518
05:13:40,500 --> 05:13:42,100
search for opportunities 
elsewhere. 

5519
05:13:42,900 --> 05:13:46,800
Others persist growing, thinner 
moving more carefully and 

5520
05:13:46,800 --> 05:13:51,000
conserving energy. 
When conditions improve the cat 

5521
05:13:51,000 --> 05:13:54,900
population, gradually, recovers 
the food relationship remains 

5522
05:13:54,900 --> 05:13:56,700
transactional, but not 
contractual. 

5523
05:13:57,600 --> 05:14:00,400
Humans, create conditions that 
produce prey and occasional 

5524
05:14:00,400 --> 05:14:03,700
scraps? 
Cats, reduce Vermin and ask for 

5525
05:14:03,700 --> 05:14:06,400
nothing else. 
Both sides benefit from the 

5526
05:14:06,400 --> 05:14:08,500
arrangement without obligation 
or expectation. 

5527
05:14:09,700 --> 05:14:13,400
Food provides the Practical 
foundation for coexistence, but 

5528
05:14:13,400 --> 05:14:15,700
it does not create dependency or
sentiment. 

5529
05:14:16,600 --> 05:14:20,600
Cats remain free to leave if 
resources disappear, they stay 

5530
05:14:20,600 --> 05:14:23,600
because most of the time, 
resources continue to appear 

5531
05:14:23,600 --> 05:14:27,200
with reliable regularity. 
He watches the sun. 

5532
05:14:27,200 --> 05:14:30,200
Descends toward the Horizon, 
painting the settlement, in 

5533
05:14:30,200 --> 05:14:33,000
amber light. 
Heat of the day gradually 

5534
05:14:33,000 --> 05:14:36,600
releases its grip. 
Air begins to move more freely 

5535
05:14:36,600 --> 05:14:40,100
carrying the scent of cooking 
fires and distant fields. 

5536
05:14:40,900 --> 05:14:43,900
People's movements shift from 
the focused intensity of our 

5537
05:14:43,900 --> 05:14:47,400
afternoon work to the gentler 
rhythms of evening preparation. 

5538
05:14:48,400 --> 05:14:50,700
Fires are lit in halves and 
outdoor pits. 

5539
05:14:51,400 --> 05:14:55,100
Women and men tend these Flames 
adding would carefully. 

5540
05:14:55,100 --> 05:14:58,500
Adjusting the size of the fire 
to match the need for cooking. 

5541
05:14:59,600 --> 05:15:03,100
Clay pots are positioned over 
Flames filled with grain and 

5542
05:15:03,100 --> 05:15:07,000
water and stirred occasionally 
as the content, soften and warm.

5543
05:15:08,100 --> 05:15:12,300
The smell of cooking through the
settlement, a familiar marker of

5544
05:15:12,300 --> 05:15:15,900
the day's progression. 
Children finished their tasks 

5545
05:15:15,900 --> 05:15:19,200
and begin to gather in open 
areas their energy still 

5546
05:15:19,200 --> 05:15:21,500
present. 
But channeled now, in to games 

5547
05:15:21,500 --> 05:15:25,400
and conversation rather than 
work, their voice is carry 

5548
05:15:25,400 --> 05:15:29,500
through the settling dusk. 
Punctuated by laughter and the 

5549
05:15:29,508 --> 05:15:33,100
sounds of running feet. 
They are more relaxed now, 

5550
05:15:33,100 --> 05:15:36,500
released from the discipline of 
contributing, to the households,

5551
05:15:36,500 --> 05:15:39,600
labor cats emerge from their 
resting places. 

5552
05:15:39,600 --> 05:15:42,600
Beginning their evening 
routines, they move along for 

5553
05:15:42,600 --> 05:15:45,900
milia pars checking the spots 
where they have found food 

5554
05:15:45,900 --> 05:15:49,900
before investigating any changes
in the settlements landscape. 

5555
05:15:50,800 --> 05:15:53,100
Their movements are purposeful, 
but unhurried. 

5556
05:15:53,700 --> 05:15:57,900
Evening offers, optimal hunting 
conditions fading light, that 

5557
05:15:57,900 --> 05:16:01,700
still allows Vision cooling, air
that brings mice out to forage 

5558
05:16:01,700 --> 05:16:04,000
and the distraction of human 
activity. 

5559
05:16:04,000 --> 05:16:07,800
That makes prey less cautious. 
People gather near their homes 

5560
05:16:07,800 --> 05:16:11,100
as meals, finish cooking. 
They sit on stools or on the 

5561
05:16:11,108 --> 05:16:14,400
ground arranging themselves in 
loose circles or facing 

5562
05:16:14,400 --> 05:16:17,400
doorways. 
Food is served from communal 

5563
05:16:17,400 --> 05:16:22,100
pots, ladled into individual 
bowls and eaten with fingers or 

5564
05:16:22,100 --> 05:16:27,400
simple tools. conversations 
happen in low voices punctuated 

5565
05:16:27,400 --> 05:16:32,800
by comfortable silence is The 
days work is discussed plans for

5566
05:16:32,800 --> 05:16:36,200
tomorrow are mentioned, a news 
is shared about neighbors or 

5567
05:16:36,200 --> 05:16:38,200
family members in distance 
settlements. 

5568
05:16:39,300 --> 05:16:42,700
Cats, observe these gatherings 
from the periphery, they rest on

5569
05:16:42,700 --> 05:16:46,000
walls or undercuts watching the 
movement of people without 

5570
05:16:46,000 --> 05:16:49,100
approaching. 
They are not excluded but 

5571
05:16:49,100 --> 05:16:52,500
neither are they invited? 
The position remains that of 

5572
05:16:52,500 --> 05:16:56,200
witness present but separate 
sharing the space with out 

5573
05:16:56,200 --> 05:16:59,900
sharing the activity. 
As people eat small, amounts of 

5574
05:16:59,900 --> 05:17:04,100
food, inevitably fall, a child 
drops, a piece of bread and 

5575
05:17:04,100 --> 05:17:06,700
adult tips are boldly and liquid
spills. 

5576
05:17:07,700 --> 05:17:10,900
These small losses accumulate in
the dust around the eating area.

5577
05:17:11,600 --> 05:17:15,100
cats note, these occurrences 
patient in their awareness that 

5578
05:17:15,100 --> 05:17:18,700
opportunity will come when 
people dispersed The light 

5579
05:17:18,700 --> 05:17:21,900
continues to fade, deepening 
from gold to Rose, to purple 

5580
05:17:21,900 --> 05:17:25,500
Shadows, merge and blend losing 
their sharp edges. 

5581
05:17:25,500 --> 05:17:29,200
The settlement structures become
Silhouettes against the dimming 

5582
05:17:29,200 --> 05:17:31,700
sky. 
Fires, grow, brighter, and 

5583
05:17:31,700 --> 05:17:35,100
contrast their Flames more 
visible as ambient, light 

5584
05:17:35,100 --> 05:17:38,400
decreases. 
The visual World, simplifies 

5585
05:17:38,400 --> 05:17:42,800
defined Now by points of warmth 
and light against Gathering 

5586
05:17:42,800 --> 05:17:45,600
Darkness. 
People begin to move towards 

5587
05:17:45,600 --> 05:17:47,800
sleep. 
They rise from their gathering 

5588
05:17:47,800 --> 05:17:51,400
places Bank fires to hold coals 
through the night and carry 

5589
05:17:51,400 --> 05:17:53,300
empty vessels back in to 
buildings. 

5590
05:17:54,200 --> 05:17:57,400
Children are called in side or 
guided towards sleeping areas. 

5591
05:17:58,200 --> 05:18:00,000
The sound of the settlement 
change. 

5592
05:18:00,000 --> 05:18:03,800
If you have a voice is more 
footsteps and the rustle of mats

5593
05:18:03,800 --> 05:18:07,900
being unrolled and blankets 
being arranged, Cats move into 

5594
05:18:07,900 --> 05:18:11,600
the space is people of vacated. 
They investigate dropped food. 

5595
05:18:11,600 --> 05:18:14,200
Consuming what appeals to them 
and ignoring the rest. 

5596
05:18:15,100 --> 05:18:18,000
The groom themselves in the 
residual warmth of the areas 

5597
05:18:18,000 --> 05:18:21,100
where people sat. 
They Mark the evenings territory

5598
05:18:21,100 --> 05:18:23,800
with their presence, claiming 
the night shift of the 

5599
05:18:23,800 --> 05:18:26,000
settlements continuous 
occupation. 

5600
05:18:26,900 --> 05:18:30,600
Some people remain outside 
longer sitting by dying fires, 

5601
05:18:30,600 --> 05:18:34,900
reluctant to end the day. they 
stare into the coals, their 

5602
05:18:34,900 --> 05:18:38,400
faces lit by the Warm Glow, 
their thoughts private and 

5603
05:18:38,408 --> 05:18:42,800
unspoken cats sometimes 
approach, the solitary figures 

5604
05:18:42,800 --> 05:18:45,600
settling nearby, but not near 
enough for contact. 

5605
05:18:46,400 --> 05:18:50,500
The two species, share the quiet
in parallel, each absorbed in 

5606
05:18:50,500 --> 05:18:52,600
their own relationship with the 
approaching Knight. 

5607
05:18:53,600 --> 05:18:57,300
Stars appear overhead first, a 
few bright points, then 

5608
05:18:57,300 --> 05:19:01,800
countless more as Darkness 
deepens, the sky transforms into

5609
05:19:01,800 --> 05:19:05,800
a vast field of light familiar 
to all who live without walls 

5610
05:19:05,800 --> 05:19:08,700
blocking their View. 
People glanced upward 

5611
05:19:08,700 --> 05:19:11,300
occasionally noting the 
positions of known 

5612
05:19:11,300 --> 05:19:15,100
constellations using them to 
Mark the season and passage of 

5613
05:19:15,100 --> 05:19:17,700
time. 
Cats navigate by different 

5614
05:19:17,700 --> 05:19:19,900
markers. 
They know the settlement by 

5615
05:19:19,900 --> 05:19:23,500
scent and touch and Sound by the
memory of Pathways. 

5616
05:19:23,500 --> 05:19:26,800
And the location of shelter, 
they move confidently through 

5617
05:19:26,800 --> 05:19:29,900
darkness, that would slow or 
stop human movement. 

5618
05:19:29,900 --> 05:19:34,200
Their eyes Gathering available 
light, their whiskers, sensing 

5619
05:19:34,200 --> 05:19:38,700
obstacles and their paws finding
purchase on familiar surfaces. 

5620
05:19:39,600 --> 05:19:41,500
The settlement do not sleep all 
at once. 

5621
05:19:41,500 --> 05:19:45,100
It transitions, gradually with 
different households and 

5622
05:19:45,108 --> 05:19:47,700
individuals moving toward rest 
at their own pace. 

5623
05:19:48,600 --> 05:19:52,300
This staggered settling creates 
a long period of quiet. 

5624
05:19:52,300 --> 05:19:56,500
Transition hours when some sleep
while others remain wakeful, 

5625
05:19:56,500 --> 05:20:00,000
when the boundary between day 
and night stretches and blurs, 

5626
05:20:00,800 --> 05:20:04,900
Fires burn lower, the last 
voices, fade, always dark. 

5627
05:20:04,900 --> 05:20:08,200
And as people move deeper into 
their dwellings, the settlement 

5628
05:20:08,200 --> 05:20:12,700
achieves, a state of Deep Quiet 
broken only by occasional 

5629
05:20:12,700 --> 05:20:15,500
sounds. 
The crack of a settling log in a

5630
05:20:15,500 --> 05:20:19,700
banked fire, the call of a 
distant animal and the soft 

5631
05:20:19,700 --> 05:20:24,700
footfalls of a cat on patrol. 
Evening becomes night the day 

5632
05:20:24,700 --> 05:20:27,900
releases, its hold the 
settlement rests in the cool 

5633
05:20:27,900 --> 05:20:31,000
Darkness. 
Its inhabitants human and 

5634
05:20:31,000 --> 05:20:35,200
Feline, finding their own forms 
of rest, their own corners of 

5635
05:20:35,200 --> 05:20:39,100
Peace, the bond between them 
remains unspoken, but it 

5636
05:20:39,108 --> 05:20:43,900
continues woven into the fabric 
of daily life, as reliable as 

5637
05:20:43,900 --> 05:20:47,700
the sun setting and Rising as 
constant as the Turning of 

5638
05:20:47,708 --> 05:20:51,400
seasons. 
You find yourself in the deepest

5639
05:20:51,400 --> 05:20:55,200
part of night, when darkness is 
complete and the settlement, 

5640
05:20:55,200 --> 05:20:58,700
rests and Stillness. 
The moon may be present or 

5641
05:20:58,700 --> 05:21:02,800
absent Waxing or Waning. 
It's light transforming the 

5642
05:21:02,800 --> 05:21:04,900
landscape or leaving it to Pure 
Shadow. 

5643
05:21:04,900 --> 05:21:08,600
Either way, the Knight has its 
own quality distinct from day 

5644
05:21:08,600 --> 05:21:12,500
governed by different rules and 
rhythms people sleep inside 

5645
05:21:12,500 --> 05:21:17,100
their dwellings lying on mats or
simple beds, bodies, relaxed in 

5646
05:21:17,100 --> 05:21:19,800
unconsciousness. 
They're breathing is deep and 

5647
05:21:19,800 --> 05:21:23,400
regular. 
Some snow softly other shift 

5648
05:21:23,400 --> 05:21:26,800
position occasionally turning to
find Comfort, but these 

5649
05:21:26,800 --> 05:21:28,700
movements are minimal and 
unconscious. 

5650
05:21:29,600 --> 05:21:33,100
Sleep claims them thoroughly 
providing necessary restoration 

5651
05:21:33,100 --> 05:21:37,100
after the day's exertion cats 
remain more wakeful, their 

5652
05:21:37,100 --> 05:21:40,100
biology suits. 
Them to knock activity though. 

5653
05:21:40,100 --> 05:21:43,000
They have adapted to all so move
during daylight hours in 

5654
05:21:43,000 --> 05:21:47,000
response to the settlements 
rhythms, At night, they return 

5655
05:21:47,000 --> 05:21:51,300
to more ancient patterns 
becoming alert and active using 

5656
05:21:51,300 --> 05:21:54,500
census honed for Darkness to 
navigate and hunt. 

5657
05:21:55,900 --> 05:21:59,000
Settlement at night is not 
silent but the sounds are 

5658
05:21:59,000 --> 05:22:04,400
different, no voices, no tools 
striking Stone no footsteps on 

5659
05:22:04,400 --> 05:22:08,200
swept paths instead there are 
subtle sounds. 

5660
05:22:08,200 --> 05:22:11,100
The Whisper Of Wind Through Red 
Roofs. 

5661
05:22:11,100 --> 05:22:15,900
The rustle of small animals in 
Grain Stores, the distant call 

5662
05:22:15,900 --> 05:22:19,700
of a night bird and the settling
of mud brick walls as they 

5663
05:22:19,700 --> 05:22:23,500
released the days Heat. 
Cats move through the soundscape

5664
05:22:23,500 --> 05:22:26,000
with awareness and caution their
paws. 

5665
05:22:26,000 --> 05:22:29,100
Make no noise on packed Earth. 
their bodies slip through 

5666
05:22:29,100 --> 05:22:32,300
Shadows without disturbing them,
they pulls frequently, to 

5667
05:22:32,300 --> 05:22:36,300
listen, head tilted ears, 
rotating to capture sound from 

5668
05:22:36,300 --> 05:22:40,400
different directions, They 
process information, constantly,

5669
05:22:40,400 --> 05:22:44,500
wind direction, temperature 
changes, the presence of other 

5670
05:22:44,500 --> 05:22:47,100
animals, and the state of the 
night around them. 

5671
05:22:48,000 --> 05:22:51,400
Some cats hunt during these 
hours, the position themselves 

5672
05:22:51,400 --> 05:22:55,100
near Grain Stores near animal 
pens near anywhere. 

5673
05:22:55,100 --> 05:22:58,600
Mice might venture They wait 
with the same patients, they 

5674
05:22:58,600 --> 05:23:02,000
showed during daylight, but now,
enhance by the cover of 

5675
05:23:02,000 --> 05:23:04,500
Darkness, that makes them nearly
invisible to pray. 

5676
05:23:05,700 --> 05:23:10,100
When they move it is with sudden
explosive speed and then an 

5677
05:23:10,100 --> 05:23:14,400
immediate return to Stillness? 
Other cats simply Patrol their 

5678
05:23:14,400 --> 05:23:17,300
territories walking the 
boundaries marking their 

5679
05:23:17,300 --> 05:23:20,500
presence through scent and 
checking familiar spots for 

5680
05:23:20,500 --> 05:23:24,400
changes or intrusions. 
This patrolling serves no 

5681
05:23:24,400 --> 05:23:27,200
obvious purpose, Beyond 
maintenance of familiarity. 

5682
05:23:28,100 --> 05:23:31,300
But it seems to satisfy some 
internal need for order and 

5683
05:23:31,300 --> 05:23:34,700
control. 
Fire still burn in some hearths,

5684
05:23:34,700 --> 05:23:38,300
reduced to beds of glowing, 
coals that pulse gently with 

5685
05:23:38,300 --> 05:23:41,500
residual Heat. 
These coals provide the only 

5686
05:23:41,500 --> 05:23:44,900
light in many buildings, a soft 
red glow. 

5687
05:23:44,900 --> 05:23:47,300
That barely illuminates, the 
immediate space. 

5688
05:23:48,200 --> 05:23:52,300
Cats are drawn to this warmth. 
Settling near halves when their 

5689
05:23:52,300 --> 05:23:56,500
activity permits absorbing heat 
into their bodies and resting in

5690
05:23:56,500 --> 05:23:58,900
brief Cycles. 
Before resuming movement. 

5691
05:23:59,800 --> 05:24:02,500
The settlements buildings, 
create complex, shadows and 

5692
05:24:02,500 --> 05:24:06,200
sheltered spaces, cats know, all
of these intimately. 

5693
05:24:06,200 --> 05:24:09,800
They know which wall has a gap 
that allows passage from one 

5694
05:24:09,800 --> 05:24:12,900
Courtyard to another. 
They know which roof beam 

5695
05:24:12,900 --> 05:24:16,000
provides a root above ground 
level, they know which corner 

5696
05:24:16,000 --> 05:24:19,100
holds warmth longest and which 
drains heat most quickly. 

5697
05:24:19,900 --> 05:24:21,700
Safety at Night comes from 
awareness. 

5698
05:24:21,700 --> 05:24:25,300
Rather than barriers, the 
settlement has no walls tall 

5699
05:24:25,300 --> 05:24:28,700
enough to prevent animals from 
entering and no guards posted to

5700
05:24:28,700 --> 05:24:32,300
watch for threats. 
Instead, safety comes from the 

5701
05:24:32,300 --> 05:24:36,100
collective presence of humans 
and animals together. from the 

5702
05:24:36,100 --> 05:24:39,100
fact that the settlement is 
occupied and active enough to 

5703
05:24:39,100 --> 05:24:43,900
discourage larger Predators from
approaching Cats contribute to 

5704
05:24:43,900 --> 05:24:47,200
the sense of occupied presence, 
their movement through the 

5705
05:24:47,200 --> 05:24:50,800
night, their watchfulness and 
their responses to unusual 

5706
05:24:50,800 --> 05:24:54,700
sounds or smells all create an 
atmosphere of vigilance. 

5707
05:24:55,600 --> 05:24:57,800
They're not protecting the 
settlement deliberately, but 

5708
05:24:57,800 --> 05:25:01,500
their behavior has that effect 
adding to the web of awareness. 

5709
05:25:01,500 --> 05:25:03,200
That makes the space feel 
defended. 

5710
05:25:04,100 --> 05:25:07,200
Sometimes a cat encounters, 
another cat during nighttime 

5711
05:25:07,200 --> 05:25:09,400
wandering. 
They may approach each other 

5712
05:25:09,400 --> 05:25:13,900
with caution touching noses, 
briefly or they may have contact

5713
05:25:13,900 --> 05:25:16,200
entirely each giving the other 
space. 

5714
05:25:16,200 --> 05:25:19,000
Their interactions are quiet and
brief. 

5715
05:25:19,000 --> 05:25:23,000
There is no aggression, just 
acknowledgment and continuation 

5716
05:25:23,000 --> 05:25:27,100
of separate paths. 
Dog sometimes stir in the night,

5717
05:25:27,100 --> 05:25:30,700
lifting their heads to 
investigate sounds or movements,

5718
05:25:30,700 --> 05:25:35,700
they notice cats passing nearby.
Sometimes they watch with Miles 

5719
05:25:35,700 --> 05:25:39,200
interest, sometimes they ignore 
the cats completely. 

5720
05:25:40,400 --> 05:25:44,200
The two species of reached, an 
understanding dogs guard, the 

5721
05:25:44,200 --> 05:25:47,300
settlement more actively 
responding to larger threats. 

5722
05:25:47,300 --> 05:25:50,300
While cats focus on smaller 
concerns. 

5723
05:25:51,100 --> 05:25:53,500
Their roles complement each 
other without overlapping? 

5724
05:25:54,600 --> 05:25:58,100
As night, progresses toward 
Dawn, the quality of Darkness 

5725
05:25:58,100 --> 05:26:02,500
begins to change the black Sky. 
Softens almost imperceptibly 

5726
05:26:02,500 --> 05:26:06,100
toward Deep Blue. 
Stars remain visible, but lose 

5727
05:26:06,100 --> 05:26:09,700
some of their intensity. 
The aggro slightly cooler in the

5728
05:26:09,700 --> 05:26:12,700
hour before Sunrise, the 
temperature dropping to its 

5729
05:26:12,700 --> 05:26:16,600
lowest point. 
Both humans and cats respond to 

5730
05:26:16,608 --> 05:26:19,900
this Cooling. 
People pull coverings closer in 

5731
05:26:19,900 --> 05:26:22,800
their sleep. 
Cats seek the warmest spots of 

5732
05:26:22,800 --> 05:26:25,700
available. 
Curling tighter to conserve 

5733
05:26:25,700 --> 05:26:29,800
Heat. the transition from night 
to day, happens gradually, but 

5734
05:26:29,800 --> 05:26:34,200
inevitably Cats sense it before 
people wake their internal 

5735
05:26:34,200 --> 05:26:36,400
rhythms attuned to the 
approaching change. 

5736
05:26:37,200 --> 05:26:41,000
Some settle into final resting 
spots preparing to sleep through

5737
05:26:41,000 --> 05:26:44,300
the morning. 
Others remain alert ready to 

5738
05:26:44,308 --> 05:26:47,400
continue their activity into 
daylight hours depending on 

5739
05:26:47,400 --> 05:26:51,300
opportunity and inclination. 
Night provides a different 

5740
05:26:51,300 --> 05:26:54,100
dimension to the relationship 
between humans and cats. 

5741
05:26:55,000 --> 05:26:59,200
While people sleep cats remain 
aware moving through the shared 

5742
05:26:59,200 --> 05:27:03,100
space with familiarity and 
purpose, they do not guard, the 

5743
05:27:03,100 --> 05:27:07,000
human's deliberately, but their 
presence adds to the sense that 

5744
05:27:07,000 --> 05:27:11,800
the settlement is not abandoned,
not empty and not vulnerable. 

5745
05:27:12,800 --> 05:27:16,300
Life continues through all 
hours, maintained by different 

5746
05:27:16,300 --> 05:27:19,700
actors at different times. 
Creating continuity that 

5747
05:27:19,700 --> 05:27:21,800
requires no coordination or 
agreement. 

5748
05:27:22,700 --> 05:27:25,400
The settlement breathe through 
day and night. 

5749
05:27:25,400 --> 05:27:30,200
It's pulse steady. 
Its Rhythm unchanged, its 

5750
05:27:30,200 --> 05:27:33,600
coexistence As Natural in 
darkness, as in light. 

5751
05:27:34,700 --> 05:27:37,800
You witness how patterns 
established over days extend 

5752
05:27:37,800 --> 05:27:42,200
into weeks months years and 
eventually Generations. 

5753
05:27:43,000 --> 05:27:46,300
The relationship between humans 
and cats does not deepen through

5754
05:27:46,300 --> 05:27:48,600
dramatic moments or significant 
events. 

5755
05:27:48,600 --> 05:27:53,200
It simply continues reinforced 
by repetition shaped by 

5756
05:27:53,208 --> 05:27:57,000
practical benefit, and sustained
by the absence of conflict. 

5757
05:27:57,900 --> 05:28:00,600
Children grow up seeing cats as 
part of the settlements 

5758
05:28:00,600 --> 05:28:03,100
landscape. 
They do not remember a time 

5759
05:28:03,100 --> 05:28:07,300
before cats were present. to 
them cats, simply exist as 

5760
05:28:07,300 --> 05:28:12,700
chickens exist, as the river 
exists as the sun exists, they 

5761
05:28:12,700 --> 05:28:16,000
learn through observation which 
cats tolerate approach and which

5762
05:28:16,000 --> 05:28:19,300
prefer distance This knowledge 
becomes part of their 

5763
05:28:19,300 --> 05:28:23,800
understanding of the world 
unremarkable and assumed these 

5764
05:28:23,800 --> 05:28:25,800
children become adults, who 
maintained the same 

5765
05:28:25,800 --> 05:28:27,900
relationship. 
Their parents had with cats, 

5766
05:28:27,900 --> 05:28:30,500
they do not formalize it or 
change it. 

5767
05:28:30,500 --> 05:28:33,300
They allow cats to move through 
storage areas. 

5768
05:28:33,300 --> 05:28:37,400
They tolerate their presents and
Courtyards and on walls, they 

5769
05:28:37,400 --> 05:28:40,300
benefit from reduced Vermin 
without acknowledging debt or 

5770
05:28:40,300 --> 05:28:43,200
gratitude. 
The pattern perpetuates through 

5771
05:28:43,200 --> 05:28:47,000
cultural transmission that 
requires, no instruction because

5772
05:28:47,000 --> 05:28:51,600
it involves no active teaching 
only passive modeling cats 

5773
05:28:51,600 --> 05:28:53,500
produce new generations within 
the settlement. 

5774
05:28:54,600 --> 05:28:57,800
Female cat finds a sheltered 
spot away from heavy traffic 

5775
05:28:57,800 --> 05:29:03,400
behind stacked, grain jars under
a rarely used cart or in a 

5776
05:29:03,400 --> 05:29:07,100
corner of an abandoned building.
She gives birth to several 

5777
05:29:07,100 --> 05:29:10,400
kittens, nursing them through 
their first weeks. 

5778
05:29:10,400 --> 05:29:13,600
Teaching them to hunt and 
navigate once they can walk 

5779
05:29:13,600 --> 05:29:16,600
steadily. 
These kittens grow up knowing 

5780
05:29:16,600 --> 05:29:18,500
the settlement as their home 
territory. 

5781
05:29:19,400 --> 05:29:21,900
Some of these young cats remain 
in the settlement throughout 

5782
05:29:21,900 --> 05:29:25,500
their lives, others wander away,
seeking new territories, 

5783
05:29:25,500 --> 05:29:28,700
following instincts, toward 
dispersal and exploration. 

5784
05:29:28,700 --> 05:29:32,700
The settlements cat population 
remains relatively stable. 

5785
05:29:32,700 --> 05:29:37,100
Despite this turnover regularly 
by available resources, and the 

5786
05:29:37,100 --> 05:29:40,700
caring capacity of the 
environment. people notice when 

5787
05:29:40,700 --> 05:29:44,300
a familiar cat disappears and a 
new cat appears but they make no

5788
05:29:44,300 --> 05:29:48,000
attempt to track or control 
these turnover The specific 

5789
05:29:48,000 --> 05:29:50,200
identity of individual cats 
matters. 

5790
05:29:50,200 --> 05:29:53,400
Little what matters is the 
presence of cats. 

5791
05:29:53,400 --> 05:29:57,400
Generally, the continuation of 
their role in controlling Vermin

5792
05:29:57,400 --> 05:30:01,200
and the maintenance of the 
established pattern Seasonal 

5793
05:30:01,200 --> 05:30:03,600
Cycles. 
Repeat each bringing the same 

5794
05:30:03,600 --> 05:30:06,900
challenges and opportunities 
Harvest times. 

5795
05:30:06,900 --> 05:30:09,000
Bring abundant mice, and easier 
hunting. 

5796
05:30:09,600 --> 05:30:13,200
Lean, winter months, reduce prey
populations and makes survival 

5797
05:30:13,200 --> 05:30:16,800
more difficult. 
Cats endure, these fluctuations 

5798
05:30:16,800 --> 05:30:20,200
through the same adaptations 
that allow Wildcats to persist 

5799
05:30:20,200 --> 05:30:24,700
in variable environments, 
efficient hunting opportunistic,

5800
05:30:24,700 --> 05:30:28,500
feeding and the ability to 
reduce activity when resources 

5801
05:30:28,500 --> 05:30:32,300
are scarce. 
The settlement itself changes 

5802
05:30:32,300 --> 05:30:36,600
slowly building is a repair and 
eventually replaced new 

5803
05:30:36,600 --> 05:30:39,700
structures are added as the 
population grows or need shift. 

5804
05:30:40,700 --> 05:30:44,300
Storage methods improve tools 
become more refined. 

5805
05:30:45,200 --> 05:30:47,700
Through all these changes, the 
relationship with cats from 

5806
05:30:47,700 --> 05:30:51,300
remains constant new buildings, 
provide, new purchases and 

5807
05:30:51,300 --> 05:30:54,400
shelters. 
Improved storage, still requires

5808
05:30:54,400 --> 05:30:58,300
protection from vermin. better 
tool still create scraps and 

5809
05:30:58,308 --> 05:31:02,000
spillage Fundamental Dynamic. 
Persists. 

5810
05:31:02,000 --> 05:31:07,200
Despite surface changes. 
Generations of humans, pass old 

5811
05:31:07,200 --> 05:31:10,700
people die and a buried. 
Children are born and grow into 

5812
05:31:10,700 --> 05:31:13,700
adults who have children of 
their own, the collective memory

5813
05:31:13,700 --> 05:31:17,100
of the settlement, shifts and 
evolves, but certain patterns 

5814
05:31:17,100 --> 05:31:19,200
remain. 
So consistently become 

5815
05:31:19,200 --> 05:31:21,900
invisible. 
Part of the assumed background 

5816
05:31:21,900 --> 05:31:25,100
of life rather than notable 
features requiring attention. 

5817
05:31:26,500 --> 05:31:28,600
Cats live shorter lives than 
humans. 

5818
05:31:28,600 --> 05:31:31,200
Their Generations turning over 
more quickly. 

5819
05:31:32,200 --> 05:31:35,600
Human child might see dozens of 
individual cats come and go 

5820
05:31:35,600 --> 05:31:39,400
during their own lifespan. 
Yet despite this rapid turnover 

5821
05:31:39,400 --> 05:31:44,300
cat behavior, remains, 
remarkably consistent, Each new 

5822
05:31:44,300 --> 05:31:48,000
cat learns, the same lessons 
finds the same opportunities, 

5823
05:31:48,000 --> 05:31:51,100
and settles into the same 
patterns as those who came 

5824
05:31:51,100 --> 05:31:54,100
before. 
The relationship reproduces 

5825
05:31:54,100 --> 05:31:56,600
itself, naturally without 
requiring teaching or 

5826
05:31:56,600 --> 05:31:59,400
enforcement. 
Other settlements develop 

5827
05:31:59,400 --> 05:32:02,700
similar relationships with cats.
People traveling between 

5828
05:32:02,700 --> 05:32:05,200
communities, observe cats, 
living in the same way. 

5829
05:32:05,200 --> 05:32:10,500
Elsewhere, tolerated, useful 
independent present but not 

5830
05:32:10,500 --> 05:32:13,500
possessed. 
This parallel Development Across

5831
05:32:13,500 --> 05:32:16,200
different human groups. 
Suggest the arrangements serves 

5832
05:32:16,200 --> 05:32:18,500
fundamental needs for both 
species. 

5833
05:32:18,500 --> 05:32:23,100
Needs that arise naturally 
wherever humans store grain and 

5834
05:32:23,100 --> 05:32:27,100
build permanent structures. 
The absence of formalization 

5835
05:32:27,100 --> 05:32:30,100
protects the relationship from 
the problems that plague more 

5836
05:32:30,100 --> 05:32:33,300
structured Arrangements. 
There are no rules to break. 

5837
05:32:33,300 --> 05:32:37,900
No expectations to disappoint 
and no obligation to resent. 

5838
05:32:38,800 --> 05:32:42,400
Cats and humans simply coexist 
in ways that benefit both. 

5839
05:32:43,200 --> 05:32:46,200
This flexibility allows the 
relationship to adapt to 

5840
05:32:46,200 --> 05:32:50,600
changing circumstances without 
requiring renegotiation or 

5841
05:32:50,600 --> 05:32:54,700
conscious adjustment. 
Stories, begin to accumulate not

5842
05:32:54,700 --> 05:32:57,600
Grand narratives, but small 
observations passed between 

5843
05:32:57,608 --> 05:33:00,400
people. 
Someone mentions a cat that was 

5844
05:33:00,400 --> 05:33:04,000
particularly skilled at hunting.
Another recalls a cat that 

5845
05:33:04,000 --> 05:33:06,700
preferred a specific Sunny Spot 
for years. 

5846
05:33:07,700 --> 05:33:10,400
These stories are brief and 
factual told without 

5847
05:33:10,400 --> 05:33:13,500
embellishment and forgotten as 
quickly as they are shared. 

5848
05:33:14,300 --> 05:33:17,000
They do not accumulate into 
mythology or meaning. 

5849
05:33:17,000 --> 05:33:20,900
They simply reflect the reality 
of shared space and accumulated 

5850
05:33:20,900 --> 05:33:23,700
observation. 
The settlement continues through

5851
05:33:23,700 --> 05:33:27,700
generations, its basic character
maintained, even a specific 

5852
05:33:27,700 --> 05:33:31,100
detail shift. 
Cats continued to move through 

5853
05:33:31,100 --> 05:33:35,500
its spaces, hunting its Vermin, 
resting in its shade and 

5854
05:33:35,500 --> 05:33:40,100
drinking from its water sources.
People can continue to build and

5855
05:33:40,100 --> 05:33:44,800
repair plant and harvest raise 
children and age into elders. 

5856
05:33:45,800 --> 05:33:48,900
The two species remain 
intertwined, not through bonds 

5857
05:33:48,900 --> 05:33:52,300
of affection or formal 
agreement, but through the 

5858
05:33:52,300 --> 05:33:56,100
simple durable logic of mutual 
benefit and peaceful 

5859
05:33:56,100 --> 05:34:00,000
co-existence. you see, now how 
this relationship emerged and 

5860
05:34:00,000 --> 05:34:04,800
persisted, not through moments 
of decision or acts of will, but

5861
05:34:04,800 --> 05:34:07,600
through the accumulation of 
small choices and repeated 

5862
05:34:07,600 --> 05:34:12,000
patterns Cats chose to stay near
humans because staying offered 

5863
05:34:12,000 --> 05:34:15,400
an advantage, humans allowed 
cats to stay because their 

5864
05:34:15,400 --> 05:34:19,300
presence reduced problems. 
Neither species set out to 

5865
05:34:19,300 --> 05:34:22,000
create a partnership yet. 
A partnership formed 

5866
05:34:22,000 --> 05:34:26,100
nonetheless, one that would 
continue for thousands of years 

5867
05:34:26,100 --> 05:34:29,500
changing in certain ways, but 
remaining fundamentally 

5868
05:34:29,500 --> 05:34:33,000
unchanged in others as evening. 
Settles over the settlement 

5869
05:34:33,000 --> 05:34:37,600
wants more fires glow in halves 
and cats settle into familiar 

5870
05:34:37,600 --> 05:34:41,300
resting places. 
The day ends as countless days 

5871
05:34:41,300 --> 05:34:45,600
of ended before and as countless
days will end in the future, the

5872
05:34:45,600 --> 05:34:48,400
pattern, holds the relationship 
in dues. 

5873
05:34:48,400 --> 05:34:52,700
The quiet companionship 
continues asking nothing more 

5874
05:34:52,700 --> 05:34:56,600
than what it is. 
Always asked proximity tolerance

5875
05:34:56,600 --> 05:35:00,200
and the shared recognition that 
some of the best Arrangements in

5876
05:35:00,200 --> 05:35:02,200
life. 
Are those that require the least

5877
05:35:02,200 --> 05:35:06,500
effort to maintain You rest now 
in this knowledge in the comfort

5878
05:35:06,500 --> 05:35:09,800
of understanding, how connection
can exist without complication 

5879
05:35:09,800 --> 05:35:14,000
how shared space can create 
shared benefit and how the 

5880
05:35:14,000 --> 05:35:16,800
simplest relationships often 
proved the most enduring. 

5881
05:35:17,700 --> 05:35:21,000
The story ends here. 
That the pattern, it describes 

5882
05:35:21,000 --> 05:35:25,500
continues as reliable, as 
Sunrise as constant as the 

5883
05:35:25,500 --> 05:35:29,100
Turning of seasons and as 
peaceful as sleep itself. 

5884
05:35:36,800 --> 05:35:40,000
You stand on the Southampton, 
doc this crisp April morning, 

5885
05:35:40,000 --> 05:35:43,300
watching your breath form, small
clouds in the air. 

5886
05:35:43,300 --> 05:35:47,800
The ear is 1912 and before you 
Rises something that makes the 

5887
05:35:47,800 --> 05:35:50,000
nearby buildings look like 
children's toys. 

5888
05:35:50,800 --> 05:35:53,100
Titanic Towers above the 
Waterfront. 

5889
05:35:53,100 --> 05:35:57,100
A black hole stretching so far 
in both directions, that you 

5890
05:35:57,100 --> 05:35:59,500
actually have to turn your head 
to see where she begins and 

5891
05:35:59,500 --> 05:36:03,500
ends. 
For massive funnels painted in 

5892
05:36:03,500 --> 05:36:08,000
buff yellow with black tops 
reached toward the sky, each one

5893
05:36:08,000 --> 05:36:11,300
wide enough to drive two 
automobiles through side by side

5894
05:36:11,300 --> 05:36:14,500
the noise around, you creates a 
peculiar Symphony. 

5895
05:36:15,500 --> 05:36:16,700
Steve doors. 
Shout to each other. 

5896
05:36:16,700 --> 05:36:18,800
In Doc language you can barely 
decipher. 

5897
05:36:18,800 --> 05:36:22,800
Their voice is mixing with the 
grinding of loading cranes and 

5898
05:36:22,800 --> 05:36:25,800
the constant clatter of luggage 
carts on cobblestones. 

5899
05:36:27,200 --> 05:36:31,400
Somewhere nearby a street vendor
calls out about fresh pastries. 

5900
05:36:31,400 --> 05:36:35,400
His voice nearly lost in the 
general commotion yet. 

5901
05:36:35,400 --> 05:36:38,700
Despite all this activity, you 
keep looking back at the ship 

5902
05:36:38,700 --> 05:36:40,300
because nothing else seems quite
Real. 

5903
05:36:40,300 --> 05:36:43,100
By comparison. 
Your first class ticket feels 

5904
05:36:43,100 --> 05:36:46,200
substantial in your gloved. 
Hand, the paper thick and 

5905
05:36:46,200 --> 05:36:49,700
official it cost you more than 
many people earn in a year. 

5906
05:36:49,708 --> 05:36:53,000
But looking at Titanic now, you 
understand why. 

5907
05:36:54,100 --> 05:36:57,600
This isn't merely a ship, it's a
statement about what human 

5908
05:36:57,600 --> 05:37:00,700
beings can accomplish when they 
decide nothing is impossible. 

5909
05:37:01,700 --> 05:37:04,700
The white superstructure gleams 
in the morning light and you 

5910
05:37:04,708 --> 05:37:09,700
count the decks. 
One, two, three, four, five, 

5911
05:37:09,700 --> 05:37:15,100
six, seven, stacked like a 
tiered wedding cake designed by 

5912
05:37:15,100 --> 05:37:18,900
someone with extraordinary 
ambition, a steward in a crisp, 

5913
05:37:18,900 --> 05:37:21,400
White Star Line, uniform, 
approaches you with practice 

5914
05:37:21,400 --> 05:37:26,100
efficiency His jacket button 
shine like tiny Suns, and his 

5915
05:37:26,100 --> 05:37:28,300
cap sits at precisely the 
correct angle. 

5916
05:37:29,100 --> 05:37:32,800
He touches the brim lightly and 
asks to see your ticket which he

5917
05:37:32,800 --> 05:37:35,300
examines with the careful 
attention of someone, who knows 

5918
05:37:35,300 --> 05:37:38,500
exactly what to look for. 
Satisfied. 

5919
05:37:38,500 --> 05:37:42,200
He gestures toward a covered 
gangway that leads up to C deck,

5920
05:37:42,200 --> 05:37:45,700
reserved exclusively for 
first-class passengers like 

5921
05:37:45,700 --> 05:37:47,400
yourself. 
Welcome aboard. 

5922
05:37:47,400 --> 05:37:50,800
Sir, he says, and you notice he 
doesn't shout despite the noise 

5923
05:37:50,800 --> 05:37:53,300
around you. 
His voice carries a quiet 

5924
05:37:53,300 --> 05:37:56,300
confidence that suggests. 
He said these words of times 

5925
05:37:56,300 --> 05:37:59,600
today alone the gangway slopes 
Upward at an angle. 

5926
05:37:59,608 --> 05:38:01,200
That's gentle enough to manage 
easily. 

5927
05:38:01,200 --> 05:38:04,100
Even though you're wearing your 
traveling clothes and still 

5928
05:38:04,100 --> 05:38:07,100
feeling the effects of last 
night's, farewell dinner other 

5929
05:38:07,100 --> 05:38:11,100
first class passengers walk 
ahead of you women in enormous 

5930
05:38:11,100 --> 05:38:13,800
hats that require them to tilt 
their heads carefully. 

5931
05:38:13,800 --> 05:38:16,700
When passing through doorways 
and men in dark suits, carrying 

5932
05:38:16,700 --> 05:38:21,200
walking sticks, they probably 
don't actually need Everyone 

5933
05:38:21,200 --> 05:38:24,700
moves with the unhurried pace of
people who've never had to rush 

5934
05:38:24,700 --> 05:38:27,900
for anything in their lives. 
Halfway up the gangway, you 

5935
05:38:27,900 --> 05:38:29,500
pause and look back at 
Southampton. 

5936
05:38:30,500 --> 05:38:34,800
The city threads out behind the 
docks Church, spires above rows 

5937
05:38:34,800 --> 05:38:37,500
of buildings. 
Smoke from morning, fires 

5938
05:38:37,500 --> 05:38:42,200
drifting lazily upward, Few 
minutes, you'll leave this view 

5939
05:38:42,200 --> 05:38:45,700
behind and something about that 
moment feels significant. 

5940
05:38:46,500 --> 05:38:49,200
You're not particularly 
superstitious, but boarding the 

5941
05:38:49,208 --> 05:38:52,100
Titanic feels like stepping 
across a threshold into 

5942
05:38:52,100 --> 05:38:56,000
something new at the top of the 
gangway, you step onto the ship 

5943
05:38:56,000 --> 05:38:58,800
itself and The Sensation 
surprises. 

5944
05:38:58,800 --> 05:39:01,700
You, you'd expected to feel 
movement immediately. 

5945
05:39:01,700 --> 05:39:06,200
Some sense of being on water, 
but Titanic is so massive that 

5946
05:39:06,200 --> 05:39:09,000
she barely registers the gentle 
swells in the harbor. 

5947
05:39:09,800 --> 05:39:13,100
The deck beneath your feet feels
as solid as any floor in any 

5948
05:39:13,100 --> 05:39:15,500
building you've ever entered. 
For a moment. 

5949
05:39:15,508 --> 05:39:19,100
You almost forget your ownership
at all the entrance area on sea 

5950
05:39:19,100 --> 05:39:22,600
deck opens before you and your 
first impression is of warmth 

5951
05:39:22,600 --> 05:39:26,300
the space glows with their 
electrical lighting that doesn't

5952
05:39:26,300 --> 05:39:30,500
flicker or smoke like gas lamps.
Dark wood, paneling covers, the 

5953
05:39:30,500 --> 05:39:34,200
walls polished to such a shine 
that you can almost see your 

5954
05:39:34,200 --> 05:39:37,300
reflection. 
The floor features intricate 

5955
05:39:37,300 --> 05:39:41,400
tile work in geometric patterns,
and the ceiling Rises higher 

5956
05:39:41,400 --> 05:39:45,200
enough that the space feels open
rather than confined more 

5957
05:39:45,200 --> 05:39:47,800
stewards waiting inside. 
Directing passengers toward 

5958
05:39:47,800 --> 05:39:51,200
their accommodations, the air 
smells of fresh, paint, new 

5959
05:39:51,200 --> 05:39:54,700
carpet, and something else, 
maybe furniture polish or the 

5960
05:39:54,700 --> 05:39:57,500
particular Center of wood that 
hasn't yet absorbed the ocean's.

5961
05:39:57,500 --> 05:40:01,700
Dampness Everything looks so 
pristine that you wonder if 

5962
05:40:01,700 --> 05:40:04,900
you're the first person ever to 
walk here, a young Steward with 

5963
05:40:04,900 --> 05:40:07,600
red hair and freckles steps. 
Forward Consulting a list. 

5964
05:40:08,300 --> 05:40:12,100
Cabin number sir, you tell him 
and he nods immediately, clearly

5965
05:40:12,100 --> 05:40:13,800
having memorized the ships 
layout. 

5966
05:40:14,700 --> 05:40:16,400
B-52. 
Excellent. 

5967
05:40:16,400 --> 05:40:20,000
Just this way, please. 
He doesn't offer to carry your 

5968
05:40:20,000 --> 05:40:22,700
small traveling case because 
another crew member has already 

5969
05:40:22,700 --> 05:40:26,300
appeared to handle that task 
moving with such efficiency that

5970
05:40:26,300 --> 05:40:29,800
you barely noticed his approach 
as You Follow the steward deeper

5971
05:40:29,800 --> 05:40:32,300
into the ship, you pass other 
passengers having their own 

5972
05:40:32,300 --> 05:40:35,800
first moments aboard. 
An elderly woman examines the 

5973
05:40:35,800 --> 05:40:39,100
light fixtures with evident 
approve, all a businessman 

5974
05:40:39,100 --> 05:40:40,800
stand. 
Motionless in the middle of the 

5975
05:40:40,800 --> 05:40:44,500
corridor apparently overwhelmed 
by the sheer grandia. 

5976
05:40:45,300 --> 05:40:47,400
Two children, press their faces 
against a window. 

5977
05:40:47,400 --> 05:40:49,300
Overlooking, the harbor, their 
Nanny. 

5978
05:40:49,300 --> 05:40:51,900
Trying unsuccessfully to 
encourage them toward their 

5979
05:40:51,900 --> 05:40:56,200
cabin's, the corridors branch 
and turn your Steward never 

5980
05:40:56,200 --> 05:40:59,200
hesitate. 
He knows every passage and 

5981
05:40:59,200 --> 05:41:03,100
stairway guiding you through 
Titanic's, interior with the 

5982
05:41:03,100 --> 05:41:07,000
confidence of someone who could 
do this blindfolded, you passed 

5983
05:41:07,000 --> 05:41:10,100
doorways. 
Marked smoking room and reading 

5984
05:41:10,100 --> 05:41:13,800
and writing room, catching 
glimpses of space is furnished 

5985
05:41:13,800 --> 05:41:16,300
with overstuffed chairs and 
table set with lamps. 

5986
05:41:16,300 --> 05:41:20,700
Then your climbing a staircase, 
the main first class grand 

5987
05:41:20,700 --> 05:41:22,800
staircase though. 
You don't know that yet. 

5988
05:41:23,700 --> 05:41:27,800
Your hand touches the balustrade
and the wood, feels impossibly 

5989
05:41:27,800 --> 05:41:31,800
smooth under your gloves. 
Want to Perfection by craftsmen 

5990
05:41:31,800 --> 05:41:34,400
who understood their trade Above
you. 

5991
05:41:34,400 --> 05:41:37,800
A glass Dome, lets in natural 
light, that plays, across every 

5992
05:41:37,800 --> 05:41:41,900
surface, creating an effect, 
like being inside a kaleidoscope

5993
05:41:41,900 --> 05:41:45,400
at the top of the stairs you 
pause, again, this Landing 

5994
05:41:45,400 --> 05:41:49,100
features a clock set into an 
ornate carved panel showing two 

5995
05:41:49,100 --> 05:41:50,800
figures holding up the clock 
face. 

5996
05:41:51,600 --> 05:41:55,200
The detail in the carving 
catches your attention, each 

5997
05:41:55,200 --> 05:41:57,700
fold of the figures. 
Robes has been shaped with care 

5998
05:41:57,700 --> 05:42:00,300
each expression thoughtfully 
rendered. 

5999
05:42:00,300 --> 05:42:05,100
Someone spent days maybe weaks 
creating this single decorative 

6000
05:42:05,100 --> 05:42:07,500
element. 
The clock shows on and Glory 

6001
05:42:07,500 --> 05:42:10,600
crowning time your Steward, 
mentions noticing your interest 

6002
05:42:10,600 --> 05:42:13,200
rather fitting from a maiden 
voyage. 

6003
05:42:13,200 --> 05:42:16,400
Don't you think you agree 
though, privately your thinking 

6004
05:42:16,400 --> 05:42:19,400
that it's an ambitious motto for
any ship, no matter how Grand 

6005
05:42:20,400 --> 05:42:24,200
Still looking around at the 
Perfection surrounding youths. 

6006
05:42:24,200 --> 05:42:27,600
Titanic has earned the right to 
such confidence, the Stuart 

6007
05:42:27,600 --> 05:42:30,100
leads. 
You along B deck now passed, 

6008
05:42:30,100 --> 05:42:33,000
more cabin doors with brass 
numbers, gleaming in the 

6009
05:42:33,000 --> 05:42:36,200
electric light. 
Other passengers emerge from 

6010
05:42:36,200 --> 05:42:38,000
their own rooms beginning to 
explore. 

6011
05:42:38,800 --> 05:42:41,900
You hear American accents, 
British inflections and 

6012
05:42:41,900 --> 05:42:43,400
languages, you don't 
immediately. 

6013
05:42:43,400 --> 05:42:47,300
Recognize Titanic is carrying 
across section of the world's 

6014
05:42:47,300 --> 05:42:50,900
wealthy all Drawn Together by 
curiosity about this legendary 

6015
05:42:50,900 --> 05:42:55,000
vessel. 
Finally, you reach B-52 The 

6016
05:42:55,000 --> 05:42:57,900
steward produces a key and 
unlocks the door with a solid 

6017
05:42:57,900 --> 05:43:00,000
click that suggests Quality 
Hardware. 

6018
05:43:00,000 --> 05:43:03,600
He pushes it open and steps 
aside allowing you to enter 

6019
05:43:03,600 --> 05:43:06,300
first, your luggage will arrive 
shortly. 

6020
05:43:06,300 --> 05:43:09,800
He says, if you need anything at
all, simply press the call 

6021
05:43:09,800 --> 05:43:12,100
button and someone will attend 
to you immediately. 

6022
05:43:12,100 --> 05:43:15,400
Lunches served at 1:00 in the 
Dining Saloon. 

6023
05:43:15,400 --> 05:43:18,600
Welcome aboard the Titanic, sir,
he's gone before. 

6024
05:43:18,600 --> 05:43:21,300
You can even think about tipping
him disappearing. 

6025
05:43:21,300 --> 05:43:23,600
Back into the corridor with 
practice discretion. 

6026
05:43:24,800 --> 05:43:28,000
You stand in the doorway of your
cabin looking in at what will be

6027
05:43:28,000 --> 05:43:31,100
your home for the next week and 
realize that your understanding 

6028
05:43:31,100 --> 05:43:35,100
of luxury is about to be 
completely redefined your cabin 

6029
05:43:35,100 --> 05:43:39,100
is not what you expected. 
Somehow, you'd imagine a ship's 

6030
05:43:39,100 --> 05:43:42,500
cap in will be small and crammed
a place to sleep between days 

6031
05:43:42,500 --> 05:43:46,500
spent on Deck. 
But a B-52 opens before you like

6032
05:43:46,500 --> 05:43:49,800
a comfortable hotel room, that 
happens to be moving across the 

6033
05:43:49,800 --> 05:43:54,000
Atlantic the city room because 
this cabin has multiple rooms 

6034
05:43:54,000 --> 05:43:59,400
measures perhaps 12 feet by 14 
with genuine Windows rather than

6035
05:43:59,400 --> 05:44:02,000
Port holes. 
Through the glass. 

6036
05:44:02,000 --> 05:44:05,500
You can still see Southampton 
Harbor the water choppy with 

6037
05:44:05,500 --> 05:44:08,200
morning. 
Wind the walls, were a soft 

6038
05:44:08,200 --> 05:44:10,300
cream colored fabric above dark 
mahogany. 

6039
05:44:10,300 --> 05:44:14,000
Wainscoting this isn't paint 
trying to look like fabric. 

6040
05:44:14,000 --> 05:44:17,700
You can see the actual weave. 
When you look closely the 

6041
05:44:17,700 --> 05:44:19,700
furniture includes a sofa 
upholstered. 

6042
05:44:19,700 --> 05:44:23,800
In Rose Colored material two, 
armchairs, a writing desk with 

6043
05:44:23,800 --> 05:44:26,000
its own chair and a coffee 
table. 

6044
05:44:26,000 --> 05:44:30,300
Displaying a small vase of fresh
flowers, real flowers. 

6045
05:44:31,200 --> 05:44:34,500
Someone placed fresh flowers in 
your cabin before you arrived, 

6046
05:44:34,500 --> 05:44:37,500
you walked to the desk and run 
your finger along its surface 

6047
05:44:37,500 --> 05:44:40,600
not a single rough spot, not one
imperfection. 

6048
05:44:42,000 --> 05:44:45,000
The wood grain flows in patterns
that suggest this piece was 

6049
05:44:45,000 --> 05:44:48,800
crafted from a single Year's 
high quality board rather than 

6050
05:44:48,800 --> 05:44:52,200
assembled from scraps. 
A blotter sits ready with 

6051
05:44:52,200 --> 05:44:55,900
several sheets of White Star 
Line stationery the paper so 

6052
05:44:55,900 --> 05:44:58,000
thick you could probably use it 
as cardstock. 

6053
05:44:58,900 --> 05:45:02,700
Next to it, someone has placed a
fountain pen and a small brass 

6054
05:45:02,700 --> 05:45:05,600
bell for summoning. 
The steward, the bedroom opened 

6055
05:45:05,600 --> 05:45:08,800
off the city room through a wide
doorway here, the color scheme 

6056
05:45:08,800 --> 05:45:12,200
shifts to Gentle greens and 
creams creating an atmosphere of

6057
05:45:12,200 --> 05:45:15,200
restfulness. 
The bed itself is larger than 

6058
05:45:15,200 --> 05:45:19,200
you thought possible on a ship, 
a full double bed with a brass 

6059
05:45:19,200 --> 05:45:22,500
frame and a mattress that when 
you press it, experimentally 

6060
05:45:22,500 --> 05:45:25,800
feels as comfortable as any in a
luxury hotel. 

6061
05:45:26,700 --> 05:45:29,500
The headboard features more of 
that intricate carving. 

6062
05:45:29,500 --> 05:45:31,600
You're beginning to recognize as
Titanic. 

6063
05:45:31,600 --> 05:45:35,400
Signature detail, a wardrobe 
stands against one wall already 

6064
05:45:35,400 --> 05:45:38,300
open to reveal hanging space. 
That could accommodate several 

6065
05:45:38,300 --> 05:45:41,500
trunks worth of clothes. 
More drawers than you'll 

6066
05:45:41,500 --> 05:45:44,300
probably need occupy a dresser 
above it. 

6067
05:45:44,300 --> 05:45:47,700
Hangs a gilded frame and you 
catch a glimpse of your self 

6068
05:45:47,700 --> 05:45:51,300
still in traveling clothes hair,
slightly must from the mornings 

6069
05:45:51,300 --> 05:45:54,600
activities looking somewhat 
stunned by your surroundings. 

6070
05:45:54,600 --> 05:45:57,200
The bathroom makes you actually 
laugh out loud. 

6071
05:45:57,200 --> 05:46:00,300
You've stayed inexpensive 
hotels, that didn't have 

6072
05:46:00,300 --> 05:46:04,400
bathrooms this well appointed. 
Full-sized bathtub sits on 

6073
05:46:04,400 --> 05:46:07,700
decorative claw feet, the 
porcelain so white. 

6074
05:46:07,700 --> 05:46:11,600
It almost glows both hot and 
cold, running water flow from 

6075
05:46:11,600 --> 05:46:13,300
Taps. 
That feel substantial in your 

6076
05:46:13,300 --> 05:46:16,100
hands. 
A sink with its own mirror. 

6077
05:46:16,100 --> 05:46:19,600
Occupies one corner. 
The toilet is modern and 

6078
05:46:19,600 --> 05:46:21,400
connected to a proper plumbing 
system. 

6079
05:46:22,300 --> 05:46:25,100
Thick towels. 
Hang from heated racks and 

6080
05:46:25,100 --> 05:46:28,000
someone has provided soap that 
smells faintly of lavender. 

6081
05:46:28,000 --> 05:46:31,100
You turn on the hot water tap, 
just to see what happens. 

6082
05:46:32,000 --> 05:46:35,200
After a moment's wait steam 
begins rising from the stream 

6083
05:46:35,200 --> 05:46:38,000
and you realize that you're 
going to be able to take a hot 

6084
05:46:38,000 --> 05:46:39,800
bath in the middle of the 
Atlantic Ocean. 

6085
05:46:40,600 --> 05:46:44,400
The absurdity of that luxury. 
The sheer improbability of it, 

6086
05:46:44,400 --> 05:46:46,000
strikes. 
You as both wonderful and 

6087
05:46:46,000 --> 05:46:48,800
slightly ridiculous. 
Back in the sitting room, you 

6088
05:46:48,800 --> 05:46:51,900
discover more details. 
The electrical lighting can be 

6089
05:46:51,908 --> 05:46:55,300
adjusted with switches on the 
wall, no more fumbling with gas,

6090
05:46:55,300 --> 05:46:59,200
valves or oil lamps A small 
bookshelf, holds a selection of 

6091
05:46:59,208 --> 05:47:02,800
volumes including what appears 
to be a ship's directory. 

6092
05:47:03,700 --> 05:47:06,900
You pull this out and flip 
through it discovering maps of 

6093
05:47:06,900 --> 05:47:11,200
every deck lists of facilities 
and menus from various 

6094
05:47:11,200 --> 05:47:15,100
restaurants. 
Titanic isn't just large, she's 

6095
05:47:15,100 --> 05:47:17,900
complex. 
Floating city with more 

6096
05:47:17,900 --> 05:47:19,900
amenities than you could explore
in a week. 

6097
05:47:19,900 --> 05:47:22,500
A knock at the door and 
announces the arrival of your 

6098
05:47:22,500 --> 05:47:26,200
luggage to Stuarts enter with 
your trunk and bags moving with 

6099
05:47:26,200 --> 05:47:29,600
choreographed efficiency. 
They know exactly where things 

6100
05:47:29,600 --> 05:47:33,000
should go placing your trunk at 
the foot of the bed, hanging 

6101
05:47:33,000 --> 05:47:35,700
your traveling, coat in the 
wardrobe and setting your 

6102
05:47:35,700 --> 05:47:39,400
smaller bags on the dresser. 
The whole operation takes 

6103
05:47:39,400 --> 05:47:43,800
perhaps 92 seconds and then 
their gone one of them having 

6104
05:47:43,800 --> 05:47:46,700
somehow slipped a copy of the 
day, schedule, onto your desk 

6105
05:47:46,700 --> 05:47:50,000
Without You noticing, you pick 
up the schedule and scan it. 

6106
05:47:50,800 --> 05:47:53,400
Breakfast is served from 8 until
10:30. 

6107
05:47:54,300 --> 05:48:01,200
We on in the cafe at 11 lunch at
1 T at 4 dinner at 7:30. between

6108
05:48:01,200 --> 05:48:04,900
meals passengers can occupy 
themselves in the gymnasium, the

6109
05:48:04,900 --> 05:48:09,000
swimming pool, the squash court,
the libraries, the smoking 

6110
05:48:09,000 --> 05:48:14,400
rooms, the lounges or simply 
walking the decks Schedule reads

6111
05:48:14,400 --> 05:48:16,800
more like a country house party 
than a sea. 

6112
05:48:16,800 --> 05:48:20,300
Voyage through your window. 
You watch the final preparations

6113
05:48:20,300 --> 05:48:23,300
for departure. 
More passengers continued 

6114
05:48:23,300 --> 05:48:26,300
boarding via the second class 
gangway further down the ship 

6115
05:48:26,300 --> 05:48:30,300
cargo Nets. 
Swing loads into the holes white

6116
05:48:30,300 --> 05:48:32,100
uniformed. 
Crew members move along the 

6117
05:48:32,100 --> 05:48:35,700
decks checking equipment 
securing hatches and Performing 

6118
05:48:35,700 --> 05:48:38,900
the Thousand small tasks 
required before a ship can leave

6119
05:48:38,900 --> 05:48:42,300
port you decide to unpack, 
though, you're aware that this 

6120
05:48:42,300 --> 05:48:45,800
is something your personal valet
would normally handle But you 

6121
05:48:45,800 --> 05:48:47,600
didn't bring a valet on this 
trip, partly. 

6122
05:48:47,600 --> 05:48:50,600
Because you're traveling alone 
and partly because you sometimes

6123
05:48:50,600 --> 05:48:54,200
enjoy doing things yourself, you
open your trunk and begin 

6124
05:48:54,200 --> 05:48:58,300
hanging suits in the wardrobe, 
placing shirts, and drawers, and

6125
05:48:58,300 --> 05:49:01,600
arranging your personal items on
the dresser, your neighbor in 

6126
05:49:01,600 --> 05:49:04,300
Cabin. 
B-54 apparently has no such 

6127
05:49:04,300 --> 05:49:08,600
independence Through the wall. 
You hear voices, a gentleman, 

6128
05:49:08,600 --> 05:49:12,000
giving instructions to what must
be his valet discussing, which 

6129
05:49:12,000 --> 05:49:14,200
evening closed to prepare for 
dinner tonight. 

6130
05:49:15,200 --> 05:49:18,000
The walls are thick enough that 
you can't make out individual 

6131
05:49:18,000 --> 05:49:20,500
words. 
Just the rise and fall of 

6132
05:49:20,508 --> 05:49:23,500
conversation. 
But it reminds you that you're 

6133
05:49:23,500 --> 05:49:26,800
surrounded by. 
People of means folks are 

6134
05:49:26,800 --> 05:49:29,900
accustomed to being served. 
The ship's horn sounds suddenly 

6135
05:49:29,900 --> 05:49:33,400
so deep and Loud that you feel 
it in your chest rather than 

6136
05:49:33,400 --> 05:49:37,300
just hearing it. the departure 
signal you, abandon your 

6137
05:49:37,300 --> 05:49:40,700
unpacking and hurry to the 
window watching as the gangways 

6138
05:49:40,700 --> 05:49:44,300
are pulled back and The Mooring 
lines are cast off Several 

6139
05:49:44,300 --> 05:49:46,600
minutes. 
Nothing seems to happen then 

6140
05:49:46,600 --> 05:49:50,100
almost imperceptibly The View 
through your window begins to 

6141
05:49:50,100 --> 05:49:53,900
change. 
Building starts sliding past the

6142
05:49:53,900 --> 05:49:57,400
dock pulls away. 
Titanic is moving, grab your 

6143
05:49:57,400 --> 05:50:00,500
coat and head for the deck, 
wanting to experience this 

6144
05:50:00,500 --> 05:50:03,800
moment in the open air. 
The corridors are full of other 

6145
05:50:03,800 --> 05:50:07,300
passengers with the same idea. 
All of us flowing toward the 

6146
05:50:07,300 --> 05:50:11,700
exits, like water, finding 
channels, nobody runs were all 

6147
05:50:11,708 --> 05:50:14,400
too dignified for that but 
everyone moves with purpose. 

6148
05:50:15,200 --> 05:50:16,500
On Deck. 
The wind hits. 

6149
05:50:16,500 --> 05:50:19,500
You immediately cold and sharp 
with a pearl? 

6150
05:50:19,500 --> 05:50:21,300
Chill. 
You should have brought a 

6151
05:50:21,300 --> 05:50:23,300
heavier coat but your two 
excited to care. 

6152
05:50:24,300 --> 05:50:28,400
Southampton, spreads out to Port
now, the city growing smaller as

6153
05:50:28,400 --> 05:50:31,400
Titanic makes her way down. 
The channel toward Open Water. 

6154
05:50:32,300 --> 05:50:36,400
Other ships sound their horns in
greeting, people on Shore wave, 

6155
05:50:36,400 --> 05:50:39,500
handkerchiefs and hats. 
You find yourself waving back 

6156
05:50:39,500 --> 05:50:41,100
though, you don't know any of 
them. 

6157
05:50:41,100 --> 05:50:44,200
Other first class, passengers 
line, the railing with you. 

6158
05:50:44,200 --> 05:50:47,600
Nobody says much, we're all 
caught up in the moment. 

6159
05:50:47,600 --> 05:50:52,500
Watching England recede 
beginning this Grand Adventure a

6160
05:50:52,500 --> 05:50:54,900
woman next to you Dabs at her 
eyes with handkerchief. 

6161
05:50:54,900 --> 05:50:59,100
A man like to Cigar the smoke 
whipping away instantly in the 

6162
05:50:59,100 --> 05:51:03,400
wind children point at sea, 
birds Wheeling overhead, the 

6163
05:51:03,400 --> 05:51:07,300
deck Beneath Your Feet vibrates 
with engine power, a deep 

6164
05:51:07,308 --> 05:51:11,600
thrumming that you feel through 
your shoes Titanic moves with 

6165
05:51:11,600 --> 05:51:15,700
surprising Grace for something. 
So enormous cutting through the 

6166
05:51:15,700 --> 05:51:17,600
water as though it offers no 
resistance. 

6167
05:51:18,800 --> 05:51:23,000
Wait behind the ship in wide 
white Trails, the fourth funnels

6168
05:51:23,000 --> 05:51:25,200
above released in control 
bursts. 

6169
05:51:25,200 --> 05:51:29,600
The sound is like giants size. 
You stay on deck for perhaps 

6170
05:51:29,600 --> 05:51:33,100
half an hour watching until 
Southampton disappears from View

6171
05:51:33,100 --> 05:51:35,300
and only open water surrounds 
the ship. 

6172
05:51:36,100 --> 05:51:39,900
Other passengers gradually Drift
Away heading back inside to 

6173
05:51:39,900 --> 05:51:43,800
warmth and comfort. 
Eventually you follow your 

6174
05:51:43,800 --> 05:51:48,200
fingers numb from cold, but your
spirits high back in your cabin 

6175
05:51:48,200 --> 05:51:52,400
everything looks exactly as you 
left it, except that someone has

6176
05:51:52,400 --> 05:51:54,900
been into light a small fire in 
the electric heater. 

6177
05:51:55,600 --> 05:51:59,200
The room glows with warmth and 
welcome, you finish unpacking 

6178
05:51:59,200 --> 05:52:02,300
hanging, the last of your 
clothes, placing your books on 

6179
05:52:02,300 --> 05:52:05,200
the shelf, and arranging your 
personal items and until the 

6180
05:52:05,200 --> 05:52:08,500
space feels like yours, then you
stretch out on the sofa, 

6181
05:52:08,500 --> 05:52:12,800
listening to the ships, sounds 
the distant hum of engines, The 

6182
05:52:12,800 --> 05:52:16,900
Creeks of woodworking to motion 
Footsteps in the corridor 

6183
05:52:16,900 --> 05:52:19,600
outside and the muffled 
conversations of other 

6184
05:52:19,600 --> 05:52:21,800
passengers settling into their 
own cabinets. 

6185
05:52:23,300 --> 05:52:26,700
The window shows. 
Only ocean now, gray green water

6186
05:52:26,700 --> 05:52:29,300
stretching to the Horizon. 
Under an overcast Sky. 

6187
05:52:29,300 --> 05:52:32,100
You think about that clock on 
the grand staircase? 

6188
05:52:32,100 --> 05:52:34,800
With honor and Glory crowning 
time and smile? 

6189
05:52:35,900 --> 05:52:37,800
So that's exactly what this 
Voyage is. 

6190
05:52:37,800 --> 05:52:41,600
A moment when human achievement 
reaches a pinnacle when 

6191
05:52:41,600 --> 05:52:45,400
everything seems possible when 
luxury and Engineering combined 

6192
05:52:45,400 --> 05:52:48,900
to create something genuinely 
remarkable, your eyes grow 

6193
05:52:48,900 --> 05:52:53,000
heavy, The gentle motion of the 
ship, the warmth of the cabin, 

6194
05:52:53,000 --> 05:52:56,900
and the comfort of the sofa. 
All conspire to make you drowsy 

6195
05:52:57,600 --> 05:53:00,000
You didn't sleep well, last 
night too. 

6196
05:53:00,000 --> 05:53:04,400
Excited about today's departure.
Now that excitement is giving 

6197
05:53:04,400 --> 05:53:07,800
way to contentment a deep 
satisfaction with your 

6198
05:53:07,800 --> 05:53:11,900
surroundings and circumstances 
outside your window Titanic 

6199
05:53:11,900 --> 05:53:15,200
carries you toward America 
moving through the Atlantic 

6200
05:53:15,200 --> 05:53:20,000
swells, with power and Grace. 
But in this moment, all of that 

6201
05:53:20,000 --> 05:53:24,500
seems distant your warm 
comfortable, surrounded by 

6202
05:53:24,500 --> 05:53:27,400
luxury and beginning an 
adventure that will become a 

6203
05:53:27,400 --> 05:53:29,000
story. 
You'll tell for the rest of your

6204
05:53:29,000 --> 05:53:31,000
life. 
You wake from your sofa. 

6205
05:53:31,000 --> 05:53:34,500
Now to the sound of the bugle 
call for lunch, its notes 

6206
05:53:34,500 --> 05:53:37,300
floating through the corridors 
with cheerful insistence. 

6207
05:53:38,100 --> 05:53:41,100
Checking your pocket watch. 
You'll surprise to find its 

6208
05:53:41,100 --> 05:53:44,600
already passed 12:30. 
The morning has vanished into 

6209
05:53:44,600 --> 05:53:48,000
unpacking and settling in and 
now your stomach remind you that

6210
05:53:48,000 --> 05:53:51,300
breakfast was many hours ago. 
After refreshing yourself in 

6211
05:53:51,300 --> 05:53:54,000
that, magnificent bathroom 
splashing cold water on your 

6212
05:53:54,000 --> 05:53:57,200
face, straightening Your Collar 
running a comb through your 

6213
05:53:57,200 --> 05:53:59,800
hair, you step out into the 
Beech. 

6214
05:53:59,800 --> 05:54:02,700
Corridor other cabin. 
Doors are opening as well, 

6215
05:54:02,700 --> 05:54:05,900
passengers emerging like, 
butterflies from chrysalises 

6216
05:54:05,900 --> 05:54:08,800
everyone dressed appropriately 
for Midday dining. 

6217
05:54:09,900 --> 05:54:12,500
The women wear afternoon, 
dresses and soft colors. 

6218
05:54:12,500 --> 05:54:16,000
The Men Sport Lounge suits 
rather than formal dinner 

6219
05:54:16,000 --> 05:54:18,700
attire. 
We're all finding our sea legs 

6220
05:54:18,700 --> 05:54:21,800
together, learning The rhythms 
of shipboard life. 

6221
05:54:21,800 --> 05:54:25,000
You follow the general flow of 
passengers toward the Dining 

6222
05:54:25,000 --> 05:54:28,400
Saloon, but take your time 
wanting to see more of this 

6223
05:54:28,400 --> 05:54:32,100
remarkable ship. 
The corridors branch and connect

6224
05:54:32,100 --> 05:54:34,400
in ways that will take days to 
fully understand. 

6225
05:54:35,400 --> 05:54:38,800
Every passage offers something 
worth noticing a painting of 

6226
05:54:38,800 --> 05:54:42,400
ships at Sea, a decorative 
mirror or a carved panel 

6227
05:54:42,400 --> 05:54:46,400
depicting nautical themes. 
Nothing looks mass-produced or 

6228
05:54:46,400 --> 05:54:49,300
generic every detail suggests 
careful. 

6229
05:54:49,300 --> 05:54:51,700
Planning by people who cared 
deeply about getting things 

6230
05:54:51,700 --> 05:54:55,300
right, you climb the grand 
staircase again and this time 

6231
05:54:55,300 --> 05:54:57,800
you pause on each Landing to 
examine the carved Oak. 

6232
05:54:57,800 --> 05:55:02,200
Paneling The wood grain flows. 
Like water Frozen in mid 

6233
05:55:02,200 --> 05:55:04,900
movement. 
Your hand on the balustrade 

6234
05:55:04,900 --> 05:55:08,000
feels the silky smoothness that 
comes only from patient 

6235
05:55:08,000 --> 05:55:11,600
craftsmanship. 
Above you, the glass Dome 

6236
05:55:11,600 --> 05:55:13,200
filters. 
The afternoon light in to 

6237
05:55:13,200 --> 05:55:16,600
something, soft and gold and 
making everyone looks slightly 

6238
05:55:16,600 --> 05:55:19,600
better than they do in ordinary 
daylight on a deck. 

6239
05:55:19,600 --> 05:55:22,100
You discover the Promenade a 
covered walkway. 

6240
05:55:22,100 --> 05:55:26,100
That runs the length of the ship
line with Windows on one side 

6241
05:55:26,100 --> 05:55:30,200
and cabin doors on the other. 
Deck chairs arranged in neat 

6242
05:55:30,200 --> 05:55:31,700
rows. 
Wait for passengers seeking 

6243
05:55:31,700 --> 05:55:35,200
fresh air without the full force
of Atlantic wind. 

6244
05:55:36,000 --> 05:55:37,800
You can see the ocean through 
those windows. 

6245
05:55:37,800 --> 05:55:42,500
Watch the waves rolling past and
observe the horizon line tilting

6246
05:55:42,500 --> 05:55:46,700
gently as Titanic. 
Moves through the swells a few 

6247
05:55:46,708 --> 05:55:50,000
Hardy Souls already occupied 
deck, chairs wrapped in 

6248
05:55:50,008 --> 05:55:52,500
blankets, provided by attentive 
stewards. 

6249
05:55:53,400 --> 05:55:57,000
An elderly gentleman reads, a 
newspaper, the pages, snapping 

6250
05:55:57,000 --> 05:55:59,100
in the breeze, each time a door 
opens. 

6251
05:55:59,700 --> 05:56:02,400
Two women, sit close together 
conversation. 

6252
05:56:02,400 --> 05:56:05,200
Animated hands, moving 
expressively. 

6253
05:56:06,100 --> 05:56:08,800
A young couple stands at the 
railing looking out at the water

6254
05:56:08,800 --> 05:56:12,800
standing close, but not quite 
touching that careful distance 

6255
05:56:12,800 --> 05:56:15,200
that suggests courtship rather 
than marriage. 

6256
05:56:15,200 --> 05:56:18,800
You can continue exploring 
discovering the reading and 

6257
05:56:18,800 --> 05:56:21,400
writing room with its white 
wicker, furniture and delicate 

6258
05:56:21,400 --> 05:56:24,900
color scheme, clearly designed 
to appeal to female passengers. 

6259
05:56:26,000 --> 05:56:29,800
Next door, the lounge, offers 
more masculine Comfort, leather,

6260
05:56:29,800 --> 05:56:33,300
chairs, dark wood, and tables, 
perfect, for cards, or 

6261
05:56:33,300 --> 05:56:36,700
conversation. 
Smoking room lies, further 

6262
05:56:36,700 --> 05:56:39,800
forward. 
It stained glass windows and or 

6263
05:56:39,800 --> 05:56:42,000
Nate ceiling. 
Creating an atmosphere of a 

6264
05:56:42,000 --> 05:56:45,400
gentleman's club transported to 
see, but it's the general room, 

6265
05:56:45,400 --> 05:56:49,100
a spacious area near the 
entrance, the truly captures the

6266
05:56:49,100 --> 05:56:53,200
ship spirit. 
Here passengers gather naturally

6267
05:56:53,200 --> 05:56:56,700
drawn by comfortable Furniture 
arranged in conversational 

6268
05:56:56,700 --> 05:57:00,600
groupings. 
Pianos sits in one corner, then 

6269
05:57:00,600 --> 05:57:04,300
nobody plays it at the moment. 
Potted Palms, add Greenery. 

6270
05:57:04,900 --> 05:57:08,200
Their leaves creating small 
private spaces within the larger

6271
05:57:08,200 --> 05:57:11,600
public area. 
The ceiling Rises, two decks 

6272
05:57:11,600 --> 05:57:15,400
High, making the space, feel 
more like a hotel lobby and part

6273
05:57:15,400 --> 05:57:18,100
of a ship. 
You observe how people inhabit 

6274
05:57:18,100 --> 05:57:21,300
this space? 
Some sit alone reading books or 

6275
05:57:21,308 --> 05:57:25,400
writing letters, others form, 
small groups conversation 

6276
05:57:25,400 --> 05:57:27,700
flowing, with the ease of 
Travelers, sharing common 

6277
05:57:27,700 --> 05:57:31,000
experience. 
Few children play a quiet game 

6278
05:57:31,000 --> 05:57:34,100
in one corner, supervised by 
nannies who chat among 

6279
05:57:34,100 --> 05:57:37,500
themselves. 
Everyone seems relaxed 

6280
05:57:37,500 --> 05:57:42,300
comfortable and already adapting
to life, aboard Titanic, the 

6281
05:57:42,300 --> 05:57:46,200
attention to comfort extends to 
temperature, the ship maintains 

6282
05:57:46,200 --> 05:57:50,500
perfect warmth throughout not 
the stuffy heat of over fired 

6283
05:57:50,500 --> 05:57:52,900
rooms. 
But a gentle climate that makes 

6284
05:57:52,900 --> 05:57:54,300
you forget your wearing your 
coat. 

6285
05:57:55,200 --> 05:57:58,800
Hidden vents circulate, fresh 
air and you never smell that 

6286
05:57:58,800 --> 05:58:00,900
stuffiness. 
That accumulates and closed 

6287
05:58:00,900 --> 05:58:03,900
space spaces. 
Someone engineered these systems

6288
05:58:03,900 --> 05:58:07,400
with remarkable sophistication. 
Following your nose and the 

6289
05:58:07,400 --> 05:58:08,900
increasing, number of 
passengers. 

6290
05:58:08,900 --> 05:58:11,200
You find your way to the Dining 
Saloon. 

6291
05:58:11,200 --> 05:58:13,300
The entrance takes your breath 
away. 

6292
05:58:14,400 --> 05:58:17,800
The room stretches, the full 
width of the ship with tables 

6293
05:58:17,800 --> 05:58:21,100
arranged in precise rows that 
could seat hundreds. 

6294
05:58:22,000 --> 05:58:26,000
Windows along both sides, let in
natural light, the ceiling 

6295
05:58:26,000 --> 05:58:29,900
arches overhead cream colored 
with ornate molding, that draws 

6296
05:58:29,900 --> 05:58:33,700
the eye upward. 
Chairs upholstered in deep red, 

6297
05:58:33,700 --> 05:58:37,400
provide splashes of color 
against the neutral walls, white

6298
05:58:37,400 --> 05:58:40,400
tablecloth, cover every surface.
So bright, they almost hurt to 

6299
05:58:40,400 --> 05:58:44,200
look at directly Crystal 
glassware catches and reflects 

6300
05:58:44,200 --> 05:58:47,000
light. 
Silver Cutlery lined each place 

6301
05:58:47,000 --> 05:58:48,900
setting with mathematical 
precision. 

6302
05:58:49,800 --> 05:58:52,300
Fresh flowers bloom in varses on
every table. 

6303
05:58:53,300 --> 05:58:56,100
The overall effect suggests a 
very fine restaurant that 

6304
05:58:56,100 --> 05:58:57,500
happens to be crossing the 
Atlantic. 

6305
05:58:58,500 --> 05:59:02,000
A steward, informal attire 
materializes at your elbow table

6306
05:59:02,000 --> 05:59:06,000
for one so you can confirm and 
he guide you to a small table 

6307
05:59:06,000 --> 05:59:08,600
near one of the windows as your 
seated. 

6308
05:59:08,600 --> 05:59:11,700
You notice how the room feels 
with passengers families, 

6309
05:59:11,700 --> 05:59:13,800
couples and solo Travelers like 
yourself. 

6310
05:59:14,800 --> 05:59:17,800
The noise level rises but never 
becomes over Welling. 

6311
05:59:17,800 --> 05:59:21,700
People speak in modulated tones,
maintaining that atmosphere of 

6312
05:59:21,700 --> 05:59:26,100
refined civilization. 
Even as of conversations happen 

6313
05:59:26,100 --> 05:59:30,000
simultaneously, your table 
settings include more pieces of 

6314
05:59:30,000 --> 05:59:32,100
silverware than you strictly 
need for any meal. 

6315
05:59:33,000 --> 05:59:35,800
Working from the outside in you 
remember from some 

6316
05:59:35,800 --> 05:59:40,000
half-forgotten etiquette lesson 
the menu presented in an 

6317
05:59:40,000 --> 05:59:43,200
embossed folder offers choices, 
that would impress even the most

6318
05:59:43,200 --> 05:59:47,000
demanding diner for lunch. 
This is the selection of 

6319
05:59:47,000 --> 05:59:49,000
available for a casual midday 
meal. 

6320
05:59:49,000 --> 05:59:51,300
You can choose from consume or 
cream. 

6321
05:59:51,300 --> 05:59:54,600
Soup fish is include salmon with
Muslim Source. 

6322
05:59:54,600 --> 05:59:58,300
Meet options range from chicken 
to lamb to beef each with its 

6323
05:59:58,300 --> 06:00:02,400
own accompaniments vegetables, 
come separately, asparagus 

6324
06:00:02,400 --> 06:00:05,800
potatoes prepared, three 
different ways and fresh peas, 

6325
06:00:05,800 --> 06:00:08,500
despite it being only April. 
Desserts. 

6326
06:00:08,500 --> 06:00:12,100
Take up an entire section of the
menu, even the cheese selection 

6327
06:00:12,100 --> 06:00:13,500
requires. 
Careful consideration. 

6328
06:00:13,500 --> 06:00:18,400
You order modestly suit, fish, 
vegetables, light dessert. 

6329
06:00:19,100 --> 06:00:21,800
Aware that dinner will be a much
more substantial effect. 

6330
06:00:23,000 --> 06:00:26,100
Stewart nods approvingly in 
glide's away, moving between 

6331
06:00:26,100 --> 06:00:29,700
tables with practiced efficiency
while waiting for your food. 

6332
06:00:29,700 --> 06:00:33,800
You observe your fellow diners, 
the diversity of the first class

6333
06:00:33,800 --> 06:00:37,000
passengers, surprises. 
You, yes, there are obvious 

6334
06:00:37,000 --> 06:00:40,400
millionaires, men, whose names 
you recognize from newspapers 

6335
06:00:40,400 --> 06:00:43,200
and women dripping with jewelry,
even at lunch. 

6336
06:00:44,100 --> 06:00:46,900
But there are also middle-aged 
couples who might be successful,

6337
06:00:46,900 --> 06:00:50,400
Merchants younger people who 
could be inheriting family, 

6338
06:00:50,400 --> 06:00:53,700
wealth, and older passengers 
who've clearly been rich long 

6339
06:00:53,700 --> 06:00:57,200
enough to wear it comfortably, 
the super arrives in Delicate, 

6340
06:00:57,200 --> 06:01:00,800
China, steaming gently and 
tastes exactly as good as it 

6341
06:01:00,800 --> 06:01:03,800
looks. 
The fish follows perfectly 

6342
06:01:03,800 --> 06:01:06,800
cooked, flaking easily under 
your fork. 

6343
06:01:06,800 --> 06:01:09,300
Everything is served at the 
correct temperature. 

6344
06:01:09,300 --> 06:01:12,200
Seasoned properly and presented 
beautifully. 

6345
06:01:12,200 --> 06:01:15,700
You're eating better than you do
in most restaurants are sure. 

6346
06:01:15,700 --> 06:01:18,400
And you're doing it while 
traveling at more than 20 knots 

6347
06:01:18,400 --> 06:01:21,500
across the Atlantic, through the
window beside your table. 

6348
06:01:21,500 --> 06:01:24,800
You watch the ocean, roll 
passed, the water today. 

6349
06:01:24,800 --> 06:01:28,200
Looks gray green under Cloudy 
Skies but you can see how it 

6350
06:01:28,200 --> 06:01:29,900
might turn. 
Brilliant Blue under better 

6351
06:01:29,900 --> 06:01:32,800
weather. 
Waves, rise and fall in patterns

6352
06:01:32,800 --> 06:01:36,500
that never quite repeat. 
Occasionally the spray catches, 

6353
06:01:36,500 --> 06:01:39,200
the wind and creates momentary 
rainbows before disappearing. 

6354
06:01:39,200 --> 06:01:43,100
After launch you wander outside 
of the boat deck, the highest 

6355
06:01:43,100 --> 06:01:46,400
deck accessible to passengers 
the window up here, blows 

6356
06:01:46,400 --> 06:01:49,000
stronger carrying, the salt 
smell of the ocean, and the 

6357
06:01:49,000 --> 06:01:51,100
faint Tang of smoke from the 
funnels. 

6358
06:01:52,000 --> 06:01:55,000
You walked toward the stern. 
Passing ventilation equipment, 

6359
06:01:55,000 --> 06:01:58,900
pass the entrance to the 
gymnasium and around the base of

6360
06:01:58,900 --> 06:02:01,300
those massive funnels. 
That dominate the upper deck. 

6361
06:02:01,300 --> 06:02:03,400
Other passengers have the same 
idea. 

6362
06:02:03,400 --> 06:02:07,400
We stroll in informal groups, 
taking constitutional walks 

6363
06:02:07,400 --> 06:02:10,600
getting exercise and enjoying 
the fresh air, despite the 

6364
06:02:10,600 --> 06:02:12,800
chill. 
Nobody rushes. 

6365
06:02:12,800 --> 06:02:14,900
There's no way to rush to after 
all. 

6366
06:02:16,200 --> 06:02:19,700
The beauty of Ocean Travel lies,
partly in this enforced, Leisure

6367
06:02:19,700 --> 06:02:23,500
this necessary, slowing down you
lean against the railing at the 

6368
06:02:23,508 --> 06:02:25,500
stern. 
And look back at Titanic's. 

6369
06:02:25,500 --> 06:02:28,800
Wake a wide white path. 
Stretching toward the Horizon 

6370
06:02:28,800 --> 06:02:32,700
evidence of the ship's Passage 
through the Atlantic the 

6371
06:02:32,700 --> 06:02:36,500
propellers churn beneath the 
surface driving this enormous 

6372
06:02:36,500 --> 06:02:38,600
vessel forward with Relentless 
power. 

6373
06:02:39,700 --> 06:02:42,900
Yet standing here. 
You barely feel any vibration. 

6374
06:02:43,700 --> 06:02:47,600
The engineers who designed these
engines understood their craft a

6375
06:02:47,600 --> 06:02:50,600
steward appears with a tray of 
bouillon in cups, offering it to

6376
06:02:50,600 --> 06:02:54,400
passengers on Deck. 
You accept one greatly wrapping 

6377
06:02:54,400 --> 06:02:59,100
your cold hands around the warm 
cup sipping, the rich broth This

6378
06:02:59,100 --> 06:03:01,500
is what luxury means. 
Not just comfortable. 

6379
06:03:01,500 --> 06:03:05,300
Cabins and excellent food, but 
someone anticipating your needs 

6380
06:03:05,300 --> 06:03:08,100
before you voice them. 
Appearing with hot soup. 

6381
06:03:08,100 --> 06:03:10,200
Exactly. 
When the 8th rule win, Makes You

6382
06:03:10,200 --> 06:03:12,200
Wish For warmth. 
You spend the afternoon, 

6383
06:03:12,200 --> 06:03:16,400
exploring more of the ship, the 
swimming pool located, deep in 

6384
06:03:16,400 --> 06:03:20,000
the ship's interior Echoes with 
the sound of water and voices. 

6385
06:03:20,800 --> 06:03:24,100
The Turkish bath offers heated 
rooms and massage facilities. 

6386
06:03:24,100 --> 06:03:27,900
The squash court provides 
exercise for those energetic 

6387
06:03:27,900 --> 06:03:31,400
enough to want it. 
The library's stock books in 

6388
06:03:31,400 --> 06:03:35,100
multiple languages, everywhere 
you go, you find evidence of 

6389
06:03:35,100 --> 06:03:38,800
careful planning of designers 
who try to imagine every 

6390
06:03:38,800 --> 06:03:40,800
possible passenger need and meet
it. 

6391
06:03:41,500 --> 06:03:44,400
Google call for dinner. 
Sounds at 7:00 giving passengers

6392
06:03:44,400 --> 06:03:46,500
90 minutes to prepare for the 
evening meal. 

6393
06:03:47,300 --> 06:03:50,400
In your cabin, you've laid out 
your formal dinner, clothes, 

6394
06:03:50,400 --> 06:03:55,000
white tie, and Tails, the 
uniform of first-class evening, 

6395
06:03:55,000 --> 06:03:59,200
dining, The boat gives you 
trouble as it always does, you 

6396
06:03:59,200 --> 06:04:01,300
fumble with it for several 
minutes before achieving 

6397
06:04:01,300 --> 06:04:03,800
something that looks 
approximately correct, the 

6398
06:04:03,800 --> 06:04:06,800
transformation of passengers 
between afternoon and evening 

6399
06:04:06,800 --> 06:04:10,000
remains, one of shipboard Life, 
Small Miracles. 

6400
06:04:11,100 --> 06:04:13,900
The same people who lounged in 
casual clothes at lunch. 

6401
06:04:13,900 --> 06:04:17,400
Now emerge from their cabin's 
looking like their attending an 

6402
06:04:17,400 --> 06:04:21,300
opera or Palace ball the women 
especially have undergone 

6403
06:04:21,300 --> 06:04:25,900
complete metamorphosis afternoon
dresses replaced by evening 

6404
06:04:25,900 --> 06:04:30,400
gowns that showcase the latest 
Paris Fashions jewelry that 

6405
06:04:30,400 --> 06:04:34,300
probably required safe deposit 
boxes in their cabin, pins and 

6406
06:04:34,300 --> 06:04:37,400
hair arranged in elaborate 
styles that must have taken 

6407
06:04:37,400 --> 06:04:41,100
their maids and our to create 
you join the general flow toward

6408
06:04:41,100 --> 06:04:44,000
the Dining Saloon, but the 
experience differs dramatically 

6409
06:04:44,000 --> 06:04:47,100
from lunch. 
The evening crowd moves more 

6410
06:04:47,100 --> 06:04:49,700
slowly with more awareness of 
being on display. 

6411
06:04:50,700 --> 06:04:53,300
Ladies are just their gloves 
gentlemen. 

6412
06:04:53,300 --> 06:04:56,300
Check their pocket watches, 
we're all performing the ritual 

6413
06:04:56,300 --> 06:04:58,700
of dressing for dinner. 
An ancient tradition of 

6414
06:04:58,700 --> 06:05:01,500
civilization asserting itself 
even in the middle of the 

6415
06:05:01,500 --> 06:05:03,900
Atlantic. 
The Dining Saloon has 

6416
06:05:03,900 --> 06:05:06,800
transformed as well. 
The natural light of afternoon 

6417
06:05:06,800 --> 06:05:09,700
has given way to Electric 
chandeliers that hang from the 

6418
06:05:09,700 --> 06:05:11,600
ceiling like crystallized 
Starlight. 

6419
06:05:12,300 --> 06:05:16,100
Every bulb blazes creating an 
atmosphere of almost theatrical 

6420
06:05:16,100 --> 06:05:19,400
brilliance. the white 
tablecloths look, even brighter 

6421
06:05:19,400 --> 06:05:22,100
against the evening, Darkness 
visible Through the Windows 

6422
06:05:22,100 --> 06:05:25,400
candles on each table, at 
flickering warmth to the 

6423
06:05:25,400 --> 06:05:28,700
electric low, your table 
assignment tonight places you 

6424
06:05:28,700 --> 06:05:32,000
with several other passengers a 
system designed to encourage 

6425
06:05:32,000 --> 06:05:35,700
social mixing You introduce 
yourself to your table mates. 

6426
06:05:35,700 --> 06:05:39,600
A railroad investor from 
Philadelphia and his wife, a 

6427
06:05:39,600 --> 06:05:42,300
British wool Merchants traveling
home from business in America 

6428
06:05:42,300 --> 06:05:46,000
and a young couple whose Fortune
apparently derives from Timba. 

6429
06:05:46,700 --> 06:05:50,500
Everyone maintains that careful 
politeness of strangers thrown 

6430
06:05:50,500 --> 06:05:53,800
together by circumstance. 
The menu for dinner requires 

6431
06:05:53,800 --> 06:05:57,100
serious study, this isn't 
launches modest selection. 

6432
06:05:57,100 --> 06:06:00,500
This is a document that 
describes what might be 10 

6433
06:06:00,500 --> 06:06:04,000
separate courses you read 
through the options with growing

6434
06:06:04,000 --> 06:06:10,800
amazement oysters orders, soup 
two, kinds both available if you

6435
06:06:10,800 --> 06:06:14,800
want them. fish with the 
elaborate sources, an entree of 

6436
06:06:14,808 --> 06:06:18,700
chicken, or lamb or beef a 
poultry course separate from the

6437
06:06:18,700 --> 06:06:23,000
entree cold, asparagus, with 
vinaigrette roasted meat 

6438
06:06:23,000 --> 06:06:28,800
duckling beef, sirloin spring 
lamb, various vegetables, Punch.

6439
06:06:28,800 --> 06:06:33,500
Sorbet to cleanse the palate. 
Putting ice cream, fresh fruit, 

6440
06:06:33,500 --> 06:06:36,900
cheese and coffee. 
They feed us like Roman 

6441
06:06:36,900 --> 06:06:40,200
emperors, the wool Merchant 
observes studying his own menu 

6442
06:06:40,200 --> 06:06:43,400
with evident approval. 
I've crossed the Atlantic a 

6443
06:06:43,400 --> 06:06:47,200
dozen times, and I've never seen
a menu quite like this, his 

6444
06:06:47,200 --> 06:06:50,600
comment prompts discussion of 
other Voyages of the ship's. 

6445
06:06:51,600 --> 06:06:54,300
The railroad investor prefers 
German liners for their 

6446
06:06:54,300 --> 06:06:57,300
engineering. 
The British merchants swears by 

6447
06:06:57,300 --> 06:07:01,300
colored for reliability. 
The timber couple this is their 

6448
06:07:01,300 --> 06:07:04,600
first ocean Crossing listens 
with the fascination of 

6449
06:07:04,608 --> 06:07:08,800
newcomers, hearing experienced 
Travelers compared notes, you 

6450
06:07:08,800 --> 06:07:11,200
order carefully knowing you 
can't possibly eat everything 

6451
06:07:11,200 --> 06:07:13,800
offered but wanting to 
experience the range of kitchen 

6452
06:07:13,800 --> 06:07:18,000
capabilities. 
First course, arrives oysters on

6453
06:07:18,000 --> 06:07:22,200
Ice each one looking perfect, 
tasting of cold, salt water and 

6454
06:07:22,200 --> 06:07:24,400
the Sea. 
You squeeze lemon over them and 

6455
06:07:24,400 --> 06:07:27,600
experience that peculiar 
sensation of eating, something 

6456
06:07:27,600 --> 06:07:31,000
that was alive in the ocean. 
Just hours ago, the courses 

6457
06:07:31,000 --> 06:07:32,600
continue with Clockwork 
precision. 

6458
06:07:33,500 --> 06:07:37,100
Super peers, exactly. 
When you finish the oysters fish

6459
06:07:37,100 --> 06:07:39,900
follow suit. 
Each plate arrives at the 

6460
06:07:39,900 --> 06:07:44,000
perfect temperature arranged 
with artistic attention sources 

6461
06:07:44,000 --> 06:07:47,600
compliment, without overwhelming
vegetables, retain their color 

6462
06:07:47,600 --> 06:07:50,100
and texture. 
Everything tastes good as it 

6463
06:07:50,100 --> 06:07:52,600
looks which is saying something.
Because it looks spectacular 

6464
06:07:52,600 --> 06:07:58,000
between courses conversation, 
flows around the table, The 

6465
06:07:58,000 --> 06:08:00,900
railroad investor discusses 
investment opportunities in 

6466
06:08:00,900 --> 06:08:04,500
American infrastructure. 
New Rail lines pushing west 

6467
06:08:04,500 --> 06:08:09,000
electrification of existing 
routes and the endless appetite 

6468
06:08:09,000 --> 06:08:11,900
for expansion. 
His wife talks about their 

6469
06:08:11,900 --> 06:08:15,200
daughter's upcoming wedding and 
the challengers of planning a 

6470
06:08:15,200 --> 06:08:16,500
society of event while 
traveling. 

6471
06:08:17,500 --> 06:08:20,400
The Walnut offers dry 
observations about British, 

6472
06:08:20,400 --> 06:08:24,600
textile markets, and the quality
of Australian Imports, you know,

6473
06:08:24,600 --> 06:08:26,800
notice how the Dining Saloon has
filled with life. 

6474
06:08:26,800 --> 06:08:31,300
As dinner, progresses individual
conversations combined into a 

6475
06:08:31,300 --> 06:08:34,900
general hum of voices punctuated
by occasional laughed after 

6476
06:08:35,700 --> 06:08:40,200
Silverware clinks against China,
crystal glasses ring, gently 

6477
06:08:40,200 --> 06:08:44,400
when toasts are made stewards, 
move constantly between tables, 

6478
06:08:44,400 --> 06:08:49,200
replacing dishes, refilling 
glasses and anticipating needs 

6479
06:08:49,200 --> 06:08:52,000
before their voice. 
The orchestra begins playing 

6480
06:08:52,000 --> 06:08:54,600
during the main course, 
stationed, on a small balcony, 

6481
06:08:54,600 --> 06:08:57,900
overlooking the Dining Saloon 
They perform like classical 

6482
06:08:57,900 --> 06:09:01,000
pieces and popular Tunes, 
nothing too demanding or 

6483
06:09:01,000 --> 06:09:04,900
intrusive, the music provides 
oral wallpaper creating 

6484
06:09:04,900 --> 06:09:06,600
atmosphere without commanding 
attention. 

6485
06:09:07,600 --> 06:09:11,000
Occasionally someone hums along 
but mostly we eat and talk and 

6486
06:09:11,000 --> 06:09:14,100
let the Melodies wash over us. 
You order the beef for your main

6487
06:09:14,100 --> 06:09:17,800
course, when it arrives, you 
understand why people pay 

6488
06:09:17,800 --> 06:09:22,000
premium prices for first class 
Passage The meat has been cooked

6489
06:09:22,000 --> 06:09:25,800
precisely to your 
specifications, the exterior, 

6490
06:09:25,800 --> 06:09:29,500
dark and caramelized the 
interior still showing a hint of

6491
06:09:29,508 --> 06:09:32,400
pink. 
It cuts with minimal resistance 

6492
06:09:32,400 --> 06:09:34,400
and tastes rich, without being 
heavy. 

6493
06:09:35,300 --> 06:09:39,200
The accompanying vegetables, 
tiny potatoes, fresh beans, and 

6494
06:09:39,200 --> 06:09:43,900
glazed carrots provide perfect. 
Complements young couple at your

6495
06:09:43,900 --> 06:09:45,600
table holds hands between 
horses. 

6496
06:09:45,600 --> 06:09:50,000
A gesture, they probably think 
goes unnoticed, the railroad 

6497
06:09:50,000 --> 06:09:54,000
investors wife catches, your eye
and smiles, both of us seeing 

6498
06:09:54,000 --> 06:09:56,000
and choosing to ignore this 
small intimacy. 

6499
06:09:56,800 --> 06:10:00,500
Young Love on an ocean Voyage 
carries its own sweetness and 

6500
06:10:00,500 --> 06:10:03,900
we're all old enough to remember
when the world felt new desert 

6501
06:10:03,900 --> 06:10:06,800
offers yet more choices. 
You select the chocolate 

6502
06:10:06,800 --> 06:10:09,700
pudding, which arrives in an 
individual portion, that looks 

6503
06:10:09,700 --> 06:10:13,600
almost too pretty to disturb, 
but disturb it, you do and 

6504
06:10:13,600 --> 06:10:17,000
discover that it tastes even 
better than it looks rich. 

6505
06:10:17,000 --> 06:10:19,300
Chocolate balance by Cream 
Sweet. 

6506
06:10:19,300 --> 06:10:22,300
Without being cloying. 
The perfect, ending to an 

6507
06:10:22,300 --> 06:10:24,600
excessive meal coffee follows 
dessert. 

6508
06:10:24,600 --> 06:10:27,700
Served in Delicate, China cups 
with sugar cubes and cream. 

6509
06:10:28,600 --> 06:10:32,000
Someone at a nearby table 
request Brandy and suddenly 

6510
06:10:32,000 --> 06:10:33,400
several of us are ordering the 
same. 

6511
06:10:34,400 --> 06:10:37,500
The steward, produces a bottle 
and pause generous measures into

6512
06:10:37,500 --> 06:10:40,100
sniffers, the Amber liquid, 
catching the light. 

6513
06:10:40,900 --> 06:10:44,000
You won the glass between your 
palms in healing the complex 

6514
06:10:44,000 --> 06:10:46,800
Aroma. 
Then take a small sip that burns

6515
06:10:46,800 --> 06:10:50,000
pleasantly down your throat. 
The meal is stretched past two 

6516
06:10:50,000 --> 06:10:54,000
hours, but nobody seems hurried.
This is what evenings are for a 

6517
06:10:54,000 --> 06:10:56,700
board Titanic. 
Leisurely dining, good 

6518
06:10:56,700 --> 06:11:00,500
conversation and the pleasure of
excellent food and wine in 

6519
06:11:00,500 --> 06:11:03,700
beautiful surroundings. 
Through the Windows. 

6520
06:11:03,700 --> 06:11:05,700
You can see complete darkness 
now. 

6521
06:11:06,700 --> 06:11:11,800
The ocean has disappeared into 
night, only Titanic exists, a 

6522
06:11:11,800 --> 06:11:13,300
pocket of light and 
civilization. 

6523
06:11:13,300 --> 06:11:16,700
Moving through the void as 
dinner Wine's down passengers. 

6524
06:11:16,700 --> 06:11:18,700
Begin to parting in casual 
groups. 

6525
06:11:18,700 --> 06:11:22,000
The men drift toward the smoking
room for cigars and for the 

6526
06:11:22,000 --> 06:11:25,000
Brandy. 
The women head to the lounges 

6527
06:11:25,000 --> 06:11:29,700
for conversation and perhaps 
cards, the uncouple, predictably

6528
06:11:29,700 --> 06:11:32,800
escapes toward the deck, for a 
romantic moment. 

6529
06:11:32,800 --> 06:11:36,000
Under the Stars, you follow the 
men to the smoking room. 

6530
06:11:36,000 --> 06:11:39,300
Curious about this male 
Sanctuary, the space lives up to

6531
06:11:39,300 --> 06:11:42,100
expectations. 
Deeply masculine with all 

6532
06:11:42,100 --> 06:11:45,700
leather chairs and dark wood, 
paneling stained glass windows, 

6533
06:11:45,700 --> 06:11:50,000
depict Maritime scenes, the 
ceiling features ornate plaster 

6534
06:11:50,000 --> 06:11:52,000
work painted to resemble to 
leather. 

6535
06:11:52,800 --> 06:11:56,500
Every surface suggests wealth, 
and permanents men, settle into 

6536
06:11:56,500 --> 06:11:59,900
chairs, with practice, Comfort, 
loosening, color buttons, and 

6537
06:11:59,900 --> 06:12:03,800
lighting cigars, and cigarettes.
The air quickly fills with smoke

6538
06:12:03,800 --> 06:12:06,100
that hangs in blue gray layers 
under the light. 

6539
06:12:07,100 --> 06:12:09,100
Stuart circulate, with trays of 
drinks. 

6540
06:12:09,100 --> 06:12:13,300
Someone calls for whiskey, 
another for port, and a third, 

6541
06:12:13,300 --> 06:12:16,500
for more Brandy. 
The bartender prepares each 

6542
06:12:16,500 --> 06:12:19,800
drink with professional 
efficiency conversation, flows 

6543
06:12:19,800 --> 06:12:22,600
in the smoking room, but with a 
different quality than a dinner.

6544
06:12:23,300 --> 06:12:26,800
Topix become more, Frank 
opinions, more freely stated. 

6545
06:12:27,700 --> 06:12:30,600
Someone discusses American 
politics with more heat than 

6546
06:12:30,600 --> 06:12:33,400
wisdom. 
Another passenger offers 

6547
06:12:33,400 --> 06:12:35,800
investment advice. 
That might or might not be 

6548
06:12:35,800 --> 06:12:38,800
found. 
Third tells a moderately 

6549
06:12:38,800 --> 06:12:41,300
scandalous story about a 
friend's business dealings that 

6550
06:12:41,300 --> 06:12:44,300
has everyone, chuckling you 
claim, a leather chair near the 

6551
06:12:44,308 --> 06:12:48,200
window and nurse your Brandy 
content to listen, rather than 

6552
06:12:48,200 --> 06:12:51,400
contribute. 
The chair Embraces you with the 

6553
06:12:51,400 --> 06:12:54,800
comfort of expensive furniture 
and the Brandy creates a 

6554
06:12:54,800 --> 06:12:59,200
pleasant warmth in your chest. 
Outside the ocean remains 

6555
06:12:59,200 --> 06:13:02,500
invisible but you can hear waves
against the hull. 

6556
06:13:02,500 --> 06:13:05,300
A rhythmic sound that becomes 
hypnotic. 

6557
06:13:05,300 --> 06:13:08,300
If you pay attention the 
railroad investor, settles into 

6558
06:13:08,300 --> 06:13:11,300
the chair next to yours. 
Remarkable ship. 

6559
06:13:11,300 --> 06:13:13,100
He says more to himself than to 
you. 

6560
06:13:13,100 --> 06:13:15,300
You agree. 
Because what else can you say, 

6561
06:13:15,300 --> 06:13:20,900
Titanic exceed, superlative and 
continues staring at his glass 

6562
06:13:20,900 --> 06:13:26,000
Bridges rail terminals. 
Even a small damn once but this 

6563
06:13:27,200 --> 06:13:30,600
He gestures vaguely at the room,
the ship and the entire 

6564
06:13:30,600 --> 06:13:33,700
Enterprise. 
This makes my accomplishments. 

6565
06:13:33,700 --> 06:13:36,700
Look like amateur efforts. 
You understand what he means, 

6566
06:13:36,700 --> 06:13:39,700
there's something about being 
aboard Titanic, that makes you 

6567
06:13:39,700 --> 06:13:42,500
aware of human capability of 
what we can achieve. 

6568
06:13:42,500 --> 06:13:45,800
When we combine resources 
knowledge and ambition, this 

6569
06:13:45,800 --> 06:13:49,300
ship shouldn't exist. 
It's too large to complex and 

6570
06:13:49,300 --> 06:13:53,000
two luxurious yet here. 
You sit drinking brandy in a 

6571
06:13:53,000 --> 06:13:55,400
floating palace that moves 
across the Atlantic, with the 

6572
06:13:55,400 --> 06:13:58,500
confidence of inevitability the 
evening passes. 

6573
06:13:58,500 --> 06:14:01,900
In a pleasant Haze, more drinks 
arrived, without being ordered 

6574
06:14:01,900 --> 06:14:05,300
the steward, somehow knowing 
when glosses nearly empty, 

6575
06:14:06,100 --> 06:14:10,200
Conversation, Ebbs and flows. 
Some passengers depart for their

6576
06:14:10,208 --> 06:14:13,200
cabins, other settled deeper 
into their chairs. 

6577
06:14:13,200 --> 06:14:15,400
Apparently, planning to spend 
hours here. 

6578
06:14:15,400 --> 06:14:18,800
Eventually, you decide you've 
had enough Brandy and tobacco 

6579
06:14:18,800 --> 06:14:21,800
smoke you, excuse yourself, and 
make your way back through 

6580
06:14:21,800 --> 06:14:23,500
corridors. 
That have grown quiet. 

6581
06:14:24,700 --> 06:14:28,900
Most passengers have retired. 
Ships nightwatchers taken over 

6582
06:14:28,900 --> 06:14:33,100
maintaining Titanic's course, 
while we sleep your cabin 

6583
06:14:33,100 --> 06:14:34,800
welcomes, you with familiar 
comfort. 

6584
06:14:35,700 --> 06:14:38,800
Someone has been in turned down 
your bed leaving a small 

6585
06:14:38,800 --> 06:14:42,700
chocolate on the pillow a detail
so thoughtful, you almost laugh.

6586
06:14:43,400 --> 06:14:46,700
You prepare for bed, moving 
through, the rituals of evening,

6587
06:14:46,700 --> 06:14:48,800
a pollution in that? 
Magnificent, bathroom. 

6588
06:14:49,800 --> 06:14:53,300
The ship rocks, gently Beneath 
You emotion, you're already 

6589
06:14:53,300 --> 06:14:57,000
beginning to find comforting 
rather than unsettling in bed. 

6590
06:14:57,000 --> 06:15:01,100
You listen to Titanic's. 
Nighttime sounds, the engines 

6591
06:15:01,100 --> 06:15:04,800
maintain their steady thrumming 
water rushes along the hull. 

6592
06:15:04,800 --> 06:15:09,600
Somewhere distant footsteps echo
on metal stairs voices murmur in

6593
06:15:09,600 --> 06:15:12,100
the corridors late passengers 
returned to their cabins. 

6594
06:15:12,100 --> 06:15:16,300
You think about dinner about the
food and wine and conversation. 

6595
06:15:16,300 --> 06:15:19,500
You think about the railroad 
investors, comment about human 

6596
06:15:19,500 --> 06:15:22,600
achievement and ambition. 
You think about being in the 

6597
06:15:22,600 --> 06:15:26,000
middle of the Atlantic Ocean, 
surrounded by luxury, that would

6598
06:15:26,000 --> 06:15:28,900
have seemed impossible just a 
few decades ago. 

6599
06:15:28,900 --> 06:15:32,900
Sleep comes easily pulling you 
down into dreams of light and 

6600
06:15:32,900 --> 06:15:36,300
motion of endless dining tables 
and orchestras playing in the 

6601
06:15:36,300 --> 06:15:39,700
distance of a ship, moving 
through Darkness toward tomorrow

6602
06:15:39,700 --> 06:15:42,800
morning, like, through your 
cabin window wakes, you gently. 

6603
06:15:42,800 --> 06:15:44,900
And for a moment, You Forget 
Where You Are. 

6604
06:15:45,900 --> 06:15:49,400
Then the ship's motion registers
that subtle rocking that has 

6605
06:15:49,400 --> 06:15:52,500
become familiar overnight and 
memory returns. 

6606
06:15:53,400 --> 06:15:55,200
You're aboard. 
The Titanic somewhere in the 

6607
06:15:55,200 --> 06:15:58,600
Atlantic with another day of the
Voyager head, after washing and 

6608
06:15:58,600 --> 06:16:01,300
dressing in Cashel, clothes 
suitable for morning, aboard 

6609
06:16:01,300 --> 06:16:04,000
ship, you make your way to the 
cafe for breakfast. 

6610
06:16:05,100 --> 06:16:08,300
This smaller dining area offers 
a more relaxed atmosphere than 

6611
06:16:08,300 --> 06:16:12,600
the Grand Dining Saloon with 
table scattered, informally, and

6612
06:16:12,600 --> 06:16:15,000
passengers coming and going at 
their own pace. 

6613
06:16:15,000 --> 06:16:20,200
You order eggs toast, bacon and 
coffee simple food perfectly 

6614
06:16:20,200 --> 06:16:22,900
prepared. 
The days program printed on 

6615
06:16:22,900 --> 06:16:24,900
Fresh paper and delivered to 
your cabin. 

6616
06:16:24,900 --> 06:16:27,700
While you slept list. 
The mornings activities 

6617
06:16:27,700 --> 06:16:32,900
gymnasium hours swimming pool of
availability Divine service. 

6618
06:16:32,900 --> 06:16:36,800
In the Dining Saloon at 10:30 
inspection of the ship for 

6619
06:16:36,800 --> 06:16:40,200
interested passengers at 11. 
The schedule suggests 

6620
06:16:40,200 --> 06:16:44,000
possibilities without demanding 
participation leaving, you free 

6621
06:16:44,000 --> 06:16:47,400
to structure your day. 
However, you prefer you decide 

6622
06:16:47,400 --> 06:16:51,100
to explore the gymnasium first 
curious about this facility. 

6623
06:16:51,100 --> 06:16:55,100
You've heard other passengers 
discussing Located on the boat 

6624
06:16:55,100 --> 06:16:58,600
deck, the gym, occupies a 
surprisingly, large space fitted

6625
06:16:58,600 --> 06:17:01,400
with equipment. 
That looks both modern and 

6626
06:17:01,400 --> 06:17:05,600
slightly strange mechanical 
horses, that simulate riding 

6627
06:17:05,600 --> 06:17:09,100
rowing machines. 
Something called an electric 

6628
06:17:09,100 --> 06:17:11,300
camel that apparently mimics 
desert travel. 

6629
06:17:12,200 --> 06:17:15,600
Stationary bicycles, weight 
machines, with pulleys and 

6630
06:17:15,600 --> 06:17:18,700
cables. 
The gymnasium instructor a fit 

6631
06:17:18,700 --> 06:17:21,600
man in white, flannels who 
introduces himself as Mr. 

6632
06:17:21,600 --> 06:17:24,300
McCauley. 
Demonstrates each machine. 

6633
06:17:24,300 --> 06:17:27,900
With enthusiastic 
professionalism, he helps an 

6634
06:17:27,900 --> 06:17:31,000
elderly lady onto one of the 
mechanical horses, adjusting the

6635
06:17:31,000 --> 06:17:35,100
settings, for gentle motion, He 
shows a teenager how to use the 

6636
06:17:35,100 --> 06:17:37,900
rowing machine properly. 
He explains to you how the 

6637
06:17:37,900 --> 06:17:41,500
electric camel provides exercise
without requiring actual camel 

6638
06:17:41,500 --> 06:17:44,000
ownership. 
Rather marvellous, isn't it Mr? 

6639
06:17:44,000 --> 06:17:46,900
Macaulay says, patting the 
electric camel affectionately, 

6640
06:17:46,900 --> 06:17:50,600
you can experience the exercise 
benefits of exotic travel 

6641
06:17:50,600 --> 06:17:54,000
without leaving the ship. 
Modern science is making the 

6642
06:17:54,000 --> 06:17:56,900
world smaller. 
You try several machines, 

6643
06:17:56,900 --> 06:17:59,200
finding them amusing more than 
challenging. 

6644
06:17:59,200 --> 06:18:02,800
The mechanical horse rocks, back
and forth with a steady Rhythm 

6645
06:18:02,800 --> 06:18:06,600
and you imagine your cantering 
across some imaginary landscape.

6646
06:18:07,300 --> 06:18:10,800
the rowing machine provides real
resistance and after five 

6647
06:18:10,800 --> 06:18:14,300
minutes your arms feel the 
effort, The electric camel lives

6648
06:18:14,300 --> 06:18:17,400
up to its billing. 
It does indeed simulate the 

6649
06:18:17,400 --> 06:18:19,700
lurching motion of camel travel 
there. 

6650
06:18:19,700 --> 06:18:21,900
Why anyone would want to 
simulate that particular 

6651
06:18:21,900 --> 06:18:25,200
experience remains unclear after
the gymnasium? 

6652
06:18:25,200 --> 06:18:28,100
You venture to the swimming pool
located, deep in the ship's 

6653
06:18:28,100 --> 06:18:32,200
interior, The Descent takes you 
down, several staircases, past 

6654
06:18:32,200 --> 06:18:35,900
Machinery spaces and crew areas 
until you reach a section 

6655
06:18:35,900 --> 06:18:40,300
clearly designed for passengers.
The pool itself measures perhaps

6656
06:18:40,300 --> 06:18:44,600
30 feet long, and 15 wide filled
with sea water that sloshes 

6657
06:18:44,600 --> 06:18:48,900
gently with the ship's motion. 
Tiles cover the walls in white 

6658
06:18:48,900 --> 06:18:53,100
and blue patterns. 
Changing rooms line, one side a 

6659
06:18:53,100 --> 06:18:54,800
few brave souls are actually 
swimming. 

6660
06:18:54,800 --> 06:18:59,100
A man doing determined lapse. 
A young boy splashing near the 

6661
06:18:59,100 --> 06:19:01,300
shallow end under his mother's 
watchful eye. 

6662
06:19:02,000 --> 06:19:05,400
The water looks cold and you 
decide to save swimming for 

6663
06:19:05,400 --> 06:19:08,300
another day. 
Instead, you explore the 

6664
06:19:08,300 --> 06:19:12,800
adjacent Turkish baths, a series
of rooms decorated in Arabic 

6665
06:19:12,800 --> 06:19:15,800
Style, with colorful tiles and 
carved wooden screens. 

6666
06:19:15,800 --> 06:19:18,400
The Bears offer gradual 
progression through, 

6667
06:19:18,400 --> 06:19:22,300
increasingly warm rooms The 
temperate room feels Pleasant 

6668
06:19:22,300 --> 06:19:26,000
like a sunny day. 
The hot room makes you start 

6669
06:19:26,000 --> 06:19:30,000
sweating within minutes. 
Steam room in Phillips you in 

6670
06:19:30,000 --> 06:19:32,900
Vapor so thick, you can barely 
see your hand in front of your 

6671
06:19:32,900 --> 06:19:36,400
face. 
Tendons in white robes move like

6672
06:19:36,400 --> 06:19:39,800
ghosts through the steam 
offering towels and glasses of 

6673
06:19:39,800 --> 06:19:42,500
cool water. 
You endure the heat for perhaps 

6674
06:19:42,500 --> 06:19:46,000
20 minutes before retreating to 
the cooling room where you wrap 

6675
06:19:46,000 --> 06:19:48,900
yourself in a thick robe and 
stretch out on a comfortable 

6676
06:19:48,900 --> 06:19:51,400
lounger. 
Your body feels loose and 

6677
06:19:51,400 --> 06:19:54,600
relaxed and muscles. 
You didn't know were tents are 

6678
06:19:54,600 --> 06:19:58,500
now releasing other passengers 
occupy nearby loungers all of 

6679
06:19:58,508 --> 06:20:00,800
us, looking slightly pink, and 
very content. 

6680
06:20:00,800 --> 06:20:04,100
First, time in the bars, asks, a
man with an impressive mustache 

6681
06:20:04,100 --> 06:20:07,700
on the next lounger, you can 
firm any nods knowingly. 

6682
06:20:08,700 --> 06:20:12,800
Remarkable facility. 
I use Turkish bars regularly in 

6683
06:20:12,800 --> 06:20:15,900
London and these rival. 
The best I've experienced. 

6684
06:20:17,000 --> 06:20:20,300
Trodden area that they've 
installed them on a ship his 

6685
06:20:20,300 --> 06:20:22,400
right? 
Of course, the existence of 

6686
06:20:22,400 --> 06:20:25,400
Turkish baths aboard, an ocean 
line are represents another 

6687
06:20:25,400 --> 06:20:28,800
example of Titanic's, commitment
to comprehensive luxury. 

6688
06:20:29,700 --> 06:20:32,100
Why should passengers sacrifice 
any comfort? 

6689
06:20:32,100 --> 06:20:36,400
Just because they're traveling. 
Why not bring every amendment of

6690
06:20:36,400 --> 06:20:40,100
surelife to see after the baths.
You return to your cabin for 

6691
06:20:40,100 --> 06:20:43,400
fresh clothes, then. 
Join the growing crowd gathering

6692
06:20:43,400 --> 06:20:47,300
on the boat deck for the 
inspection tour. an officer in a

6693
06:20:47,308 --> 06:20:51,000
crisp, white uniform leads the 
group explaining technical 

6694
06:20:51,000 --> 06:20:55,400
details as we walk, He shows us 
the bridge where the captain and

6695
06:20:55,400 --> 06:20:58,700
his officers Now navigate. 
He demonstrates the wireless 

6696
06:20:58,700 --> 06:21:01,400
equipment. 
Those mysterious machines that 

6697
06:21:01,400 --> 06:21:03,500
can send messages through empty 
air. 

6698
06:21:04,300 --> 06:21:08,100
He explains the ships watertight
compartments designed to keep 

6699
06:21:08,100 --> 06:21:11,000
Titanic afloat. 
Even if the hole suffers damage,

6700
06:21:11,000 --> 06:21:15,100
she is practically. 
Unsinkable the officer says with

6701
06:21:15,100 --> 06:21:17,900
understandable. 
Pride the designers thought of 

6702
06:21:17,900 --> 06:21:20,500
everything. 
These watertight doors can be 

6703
06:21:20,508 --> 06:21:25,000
closed instantly from the bridge
sealing off any flooding even if

6704
06:21:25,000 --> 06:21:28,400
several compartments filled with
water, the Titanic will remain 

6705
06:21:28,400 --> 06:21:30,900
afloat. 
The group murmurs appreciation, 

6706
06:21:30,900 --> 06:21:33,900
we're impressed by the 
engineering and reassured by the

6707
06:21:33,900 --> 06:21:37,200
safety, measures Titanic 
represents the Pinnacle of 

6708
06:21:37,200 --> 06:21:41,200
Maritime technology and standing
on her deck hearing these 

6709
06:21:41,200 --> 06:21:44,100
explanations. 
You feel confident in the ship 

6710
06:21:44,100 --> 06:21:48,000
and the men who operator, lunch 
arrives with its usual variety 

6711
06:21:48,000 --> 06:21:50,800
and Excellence. 
You eat lightly saying your 

6712
06:21:50,800 --> 06:21:53,800
appetite for dinner? 
The afternoon stretches ahead 

6713
06:21:53,800 --> 06:21:57,400
with Pleasant emptiness. 
Some passengers play cards in 

6714
06:21:57,400 --> 06:22:00,100
the lounges, others write 
letters in the library. 

6715
06:22:01,200 --> 06:22:04,900
Few brave, souls walk the deck, 
despite the April chill, you 

6716
06:22:04,900 --> 06:22:08,100
find yourself drawn to the 
reading and writing room that 

6717
06:22:08,100 --> 06:22:11,100
feminine Sanctuary done in 
delicate, colors and white 

6718
06:22:11,100 --> 06:22:15,400
wicker, furniture, despite being
designed for ladies the room. 

6719
06:22:15,400 --> 06:22:18,700
Well, comes male visitors, and 
you claim a comfortable chair 

6720
06:22:18,700 --> 06:22:23,300
near the windows, Someone has 
left a book a popular novel 

6721
06:22:23,300 --> 06:22:27,500
about Adventure in Africa, you 
pick it up intending to read 

6722
06:22:27,500 --> 06:22:30,800
just a chapter or two the next 
time you check your pocket watch

6723
06:22:30,800 --> 06:22:35,300
two hours of past the story 
captured, you completely pulling

6724
06:22:35,300 --> 06:22:37,600
you into fictional jungles and 
Adventures. 

6725
06:22:37,600 --> 06:22:40,200
That seemed both exotic and 
slightly ridiculous. 

6726
06:22:41,100 --> 06:22:42,900
But that's what good 
entertainment does. 

6727
06:22:42,900 --> 06:22:46,500
It takes you somewhere else and 
lets you forget your 

6728
06:22:46,500 --> 06:22:50,800
surroundings completely T 
service begins at 4:00 and you 

6729
06:22:50,800 --> 06:22:53,600
make your way to the cafe. 
For this very British ritual, 

6730
06:22:53,600 --> 06:22:57,500
the servers of laid out 
impressive spreadz sandwiches 

6731
06:22:57,500 --> 06:23:02,300
with the crusts removed, small 
cakes, pastries and scones with 

6732
06:23:02,300 --> 06:23:05,700
jam and cream. 
Tea arrives in proper pots, 

6733
06:23:05,700 --> 06:23:09,000
strong and hot. 
You prepare yours with milk and 

6734
06:23:09,000 --> 06:23:11,800
sugar the way your grandmother 
taught you decades ago. 

6735
06:23:11,800 --> 06:23:15,400
Other passengers gather for tea 
and the cafe fills with quiet 

6736
06:23:15,400 --> 06:23:19,300
conversation. 
This meal really more of a snack

6737
06:23:19,300 --> 06:23:22,800
provides opportunity for social 
mixing with the formality of 

6738
06:23:22,800 --> 06:23:25,400
dinner. 
People move between tables 

6739
06:23:25,400 --> 06:23:29,500
greeting friends made yesterday 
striking up conversations with 

6740
06:23:29,500 --> 06:23:32,600
strangers. 
A sense of community, is 

6741
06:23:32,600 --> 06:23:35,700
building among the first class 
passengers that peculiar 

6742
06:23:35,700 --> 06:23:38,500
bonding, that happens when 
people share an adventure. 

6743
06:23:38,500 --> 06:23:42,100
After tea, you return to the 
deck for a constitutional walk. 

6744
06:23:42,100 --> 06:23:45,300
The wind has picked up since 
morning and the Ocean looks 

6745
06:23:45,300 --> 06:23:49,900
rougher with waves showing White
Caps Titanic, handles the swells

6746
06:23:49,900 --> 06:23:52,900
with barely noticeable motion. 
But you can see spray 

6747
06:23:52,900 --> 06:23:55,300
occasionally reaching high 
enough to catch sunlight. 

6748
06:23:56,000 --> 06:23:59,400
The air tastes strongly of salt 
and your face feels wind burned 

6749
06:23:59,400 --> 06:24:03,200
after just minutes outside, you 
can complete several circuits of

6750
06:24:03,208 --> 06:24:05,900
the Promenade deck. 
Walking briskly enough to 

6751
06:24:05,900 --> 06:24:09,200
elevate your heart rate. 
Other passengers have the same 

6752
06:24:09,200 --> 06:24:13,200
idea, exercise before dinner, 
working up an appetite for the 

6753
06:24:13,200 --> 06:24:16,400
evening's feast. 
We nod to each other, as we pass

6754
06:24:16,400 --> 06:24:20,800
fellow Travelers sharing space 
and purpose back in your cabin. 

6755
06:24:20,800 --> 06:24:24,000
You rest before beginning, the 
evening's preparation. 

6756
06:24:25,000 --> 06:24:28,600
The Sun is setting visible 
through your window as a Golden 

6757
06:24:28,600 --> 06:24:32,600
Glow on the horizon. 
The ocean catches this light and

6758
06:24:32,600 --> 06:24:35,000
transforms it into something 
magical. 

6759
06:24:35,000 --> 06:24:37,600
The water appearing to hold 
fire. 

6760
06:24:37,600 --> 06:24:42,400
The wave's edged in gold. 
You stand at the window and 

6761
06:24:42,400 --> 06:24:46,100
watch until the sun disappears, 
completely leaving only after 

6762
06:24:46,100 --> 06:24:50,200
glow, and the approach of night 
evening, returns you to formal 

6763
06:24:50,200 --> 06:24:54,700
dress to white tie, and Tails to
the transformation, into your 

6764
06:24:54,700 --> 06:24:57,800
most elegant self. 
Dinner tonight, features 

6765
06:24:57,800 --> 06:25:01,800
different table mates. 
The assignments, rotate ensuring

6766
06:25:01,800 --> 06:25:04,100
passengers meet various people 
during the voyage. 

6767
06:25:04,800 --> 06:25:07,900
Your new companions include a 
steel magnate from Pittsburgh. 

6768
06:25:07,900 --> 06:25:11,500
A British Lord traveling with 
his sister and a doctor 

6769
06:25:11,500 --> 06:25:14,400
returning, from a medical 
conference in New York, the 

6770
06:25:14,400 --> 06:25:17,600
conversation flows toward more 
intellectual topics than last 

6771
06:25:17,600 --> 06:25:20,600
night. 
The doctor discusses advances in

6772
06:25:20,600 --> 06:25:23,300
surgery. 
The steel magnate offers 

6773
06:25:23,300 --> 06:25:26,600
thoughts on Industrial 
Development, the British Lord, 

6774
06:25:26,600 --> 06:25:29,700
surprisingly, well read quotes 
poetry and philosophy. 

6775
06:25:30,700 --> 06:25:34,200
His sister listens with patient 
attention, occasionally 

6776
06:25:34,200 --> 06:25:38,300
contributing observations that 
reveal sharp intelligence after 

6777
06:25:38,300 --> 06:25:40,400
dinner. 
You skip the smoking room and 

6778
06:25:40,400 --> 06:25:43,000
instead wandered to the lounge, 
where someone is playing the 

6779
06:25:43,000 --> 06:25:47,000
piano The musician performs with
real skill. 

6780
06:25:47,000 --> 06:25:51,100
Moving from classical pieces to 
popular songs to improvise 

6781
06:25:51,100 --> 06:25:54,100
Melodies, that might be original
compositions. 

6782
06:25:54,900 --> 06:25:58,600
A small crowd gathers, some 
people singing along softly 

6783
06:25:58,600 --> 06:26:02,200
others simply listening, the 
music creates an atmosphere of 

6784
06:26:02,200 --> 06:26:05,200
gentlemen. 
Collie beautiful, but tinged 

6785
06:26:05,200 --> 06:26:08,500
with something indefinable 
perhaps awareness of time. 

6786
06:26:08,500 --> 06:26:11,800
Passing of this Voyage 
representing a brief moment 

6787
06:26:11,800 --> 06:26:15,900
outside ordinary life. tomorrow 
Titanic will be further across 

6788
06:26:15,900 --> 06:26:20,500
the Atlantic the day after 
further still Eventually, this 

6789
06:26:20,500 --> 06:26:24,900
Floating Palace existence will 
end returning us all to normal 

6790
06:26:24,900 --> 06:26:29,400
life ashore, but not tonight 
tonight, you're here, listening 

6791
06:26:29,400 --> 06:26:33,000
to piano music in an elegant 
Lounge, surrounded by strangers,

6792
06:26:33,000 --> 06:26:36,800
becoming friends carried across 
the ocean, by the extraordinary 

6793
06:26:36,800 --> 06:26:40,000
ship. 
Tonight is Enough by the third 

6794
06:26:40,008 --> 06:26:42,800
day aboard, you've begun to 
recognize faces and remember 

6795
06:26:42,800 --> 06:26:46,700
names the ship social world is 
organized itself into loose 

6796
06:26:46,700 --> 06:26:49,000
groups, based on shared 
interests and compatible 

6797
06:26:49,000 --> 06:26:52,300
personalities. 
You find yourself drawn to a 

6798
06:26:52,300 --> 06:26:55,000
particular cluster of passengers
who Gather in the lounge after 

6799
06:26:55,000 --> 06:26:59,400
breakfast, a mix of Ages and 
backgrounds United by curiosity 

6800
06:26:59,400 --> 06:27:03,200
about fellow Travelers and 
enjoyment of good conversation. 

6801
06:27:03,200 --> 06:27:07,600
The core group includes Margaret
a widow from Boston with sharp 

6802
06:27:07,600 --> 06:27:11,600
wit and bottomless energy. 
Thomas a banker from 

6803
06:27:11,600 --> 06:27:14,800
Philadelphia who collects rare 
books and loves to discussing 

6804
06:27:14,800 --> 06:27:17,700
literature. 
Edward a British Diplomat 

6805
06:27:17,700 --> 06:27:21,900
returning from posting in 
Washington Sarah a young woman 

6806
06:27:21,900 --> 06:27:25,400
traveling with a considerably 
older, Aunt, both heading to 

6807
06:27:25,400 --> 06:27:29,600
Italy for an extended stay. 
And you the Observer who 

6808
06:27:29,600 --> 06:27:33,600
sometimes becomes a participant,
your conversations range widely.

6809
06:27:34,500 --> 06:27:37,700
Margaret tells stories about 
Boston Society with humor, that 

6810
06:27:37,700 --> 06:27:41,300
makes everyone laugh while also 
revealing complex social 

6811
06:27:41,300 --> 06:27:44,800
dynamics. 
Thomas describes rare volumes. 

6812
06:27:44,800 --> 06:27:48,000
He's acquired. 
His enthusiasm infectious. 

6813
06:27:48,000 --> 06:27:51,600
Even for those who don't share 
his passion for first editions, 

6814
06:27:52,700 --> 06:27:55,500
Edward offers inside a 
perspectives on international 

6815
06:27:55,500 --> 06:27:58,800
relations carefully. 
Avoiding anything too 

6816
06:27:58,800 --> 06:28:02,100
confidential. 
Sarah asks, questions that 

6817
06:28:02,100 --> 06:28:05,400
reveal her intelligence and 
curiosity about the wider World 

6818
06:28:05,400 --> 06:28:08,000
these morning. 
Gatherings become ritual. 

6819
06:28:08,000 --> 06:28:12,100
You the same area of the lounge,
those comfortable chairs near 

6820
06:28:12,100 --> 06:28:15,500
the windows, Stewards, learn 
your preferences and deliver 

6821
06:28:15,500 --> 06:28:17,100
coffee or tea without being 
asked. 

6822
06:28:18,400 --> 06:28:22,200
The conversations start casually
but often develop unexpected 

6823
06:28:22,200 --> 06:28:25,100
depth. 
Discussions of art politics 

6824
06:28:25,100 --> 06:28:27,600
philosophy and the changing 
world of 19 to 12. 

6825
06:28:27,600 --> 06:28:31,400
Everything's accelerating Thomas
observes, one morning stirring 

6826
06:28:31,400 --> 06:28:35,400
sugar in his coffee. 
Technology society and even time

6827
06:28:35,400 --> 06:28:39,200
itself seemed to move faster. 
When I was young, life felt 

6828
06:28:39,200 --> 06:28:41,700
stable. 
Now each year brings dramatic 

6829
06:28:41,700 --> 06:28:45,800
changes progress. 
Edward says, inevitable and 

6830
06:28:45,800 --> 06:28:47,900
mostly positive though. 
Not without costs. 

6831
06:28:47,900 --> 06:28:50,900
I wonder if we're progressing 
towards something or just moving

6832
06:28:50,900 --> 06:28:54,500
Margaret Muses speed doesn't 
necessarily indicate Direction 

6833
06:28:54,500 --> 06:28:58,000
these conversations. 
Make you think challenge some 

6834
06:28:58,000 --> 06:29:01,300
assumptions and open 
perspectives You realize that 

6835
06:29:01,300 --> 06:29:03,500
one of luxuries? 
True gift is time. 

6836
06:29:03,500 --> 06:29:08,200
Time to think to talk to explore
ideas without the pressure of 

6837
06:29:08,208 --> 06:29:12,300
schedules and obligations. 
Titanic provides space for 

6838
06:29:12,300 --> 06:29:14,900
intellectual Leisure, that 
Modern Life, rarely permits. 

6839
06:29:14,900 --> 06:29:17,900
You also notice how the ships 
environment encourages, 

6840
06:29:17,900 --> 06:29:21,600
unexpected connections, One 
afternoon, you strike up a 

6841
06:29:21,600 --> 06:29:24,300
conversation with an older 
gentleman on the Promenade deck.

6842
06:29:24,300 --> 06:29:28,100
He turns out to be a professor 
of history at Oxford and you 

6843
06:29:28,100 --> 06:29:30,100
spend an hour discussing the 
fall of Rome. 

6844
06:29:30,100 --> 06:29:33,600
While walking circles around the
deck, his knowledge impresses 

6845
06:29:33,600 --> 06:29:35,800
you. 
But so does his ability to make 

6846
06:29:35,800 --> 06:29:39,900
ancient events, feel relevant to
contemporary life and other time

6847
06:29:39,900 --> 06:29:42,900
you end up playing bridge with 
three strangers, two sisters 

6848
06:29:42,900 --> 06:29:45,100
from New York and a mining 
engineer from Colorado. 

6849
06:29:46,100 --> 06:29:49,100
None of you play particularly 
well, but the game provides a 

6850
06:29:49,100 --> 06:29:50,500
framework for getting to know 
each other. 

6851
06:29:50,500 --> 06:29:54,300
You learn about their lives, 
their reasons for traveling and 

6852
06:29:54,300 --> 06:29:58,100
their hopes and worries. 
By the end of the evening, you 

6853
06:29:58,100 --> 06:30:00,800
feel like you've made genuine 
friends people. 

6854
06:30:00,800 --> 06:30:03,500
You might actually stay in 
contact with, after the voyage 

6855
06:30:03,500 --> 06:30:05,700
ends. 
The children, aboard deserves 

6856
06:30:05,700 --> 06:30:09,900
special mention Titanic Harry's,
perhaps two dozen, first class 

6857
06:30:09,900 --> 06:30:12,500
children ranging, from infants 
to teenagers. 

6858
06:30:14,100 --> 06:30:16,800
They bring energy and 
spontaneity that can trust 

6859
06:30:16,800 --> 06:30:18,800
beautifully with adult 
formality. 

6860
06:30:19,600 --> 06:30:22,700
You often see them racing along 
corridors until their nannies, 

6861
06:30:22,700 --> 06:30:25,900
call them back to decorum. 
They explore the ship with 

6862
06:30:25,900 --> 06:30:29,900
Fearless curiosity, discovering 
spaces and perspectives that 

6863
06:30:29,900 --> 06:30:32,400
adults. 
Miss one morning, you encounter 

6864
06:30:32,400 --> 06:30:34,400
a small boy, perhaps, six years 
old. 

6865
06:30:35,400 --> 06:30:38,800
Standing at a window staring at 
the ocean with such intensity 

6866
06:30:38,800 --> 06:30:41,100
that you stopped to see what 
he's watching. 

6867
06:30:42,200 --> 06:30:45,500
At first, you see nothing 
unusual, just wave and Horizon, 

6868
06:30:45,500 --> 06:30:50,400
then you spot it. 
A distant way visible as a dark 

6869
06:30:50,400 --> 06:30:52,600
shape briefly surfacing before 
disappearing. 

6870
06:30:52,600 --> 06:30:56,400
Back Into the Depths. 
Did you see the boy asks turning

6871
06:30:56,400 --> 06:30:59,500
to you with excitement? 
That can't be contained a whale 

6872
06:30:59,500 --> 06:31:02,600
an actual way you can confirm 
that? 

6873
06:31:02,600 --> 06:31:05,800
Yes, you saw it too. 
And the boys face lights up with

6874
06:31:05,800 --> 06:31:08,600
joy, which makes you smile for 
the rest of the day. 

6875
06:31:09,600 --> 06:31:14,100
That simple moment a child one 
at the natural world provides 

6876
06:31:14,100 --> 06:31:16,700
more genuine pleasure than all 
of Titanic's. 

6877
06:31:16,700 --> 06:31:20,300
Manufactured luxuries, social 
events punctuate the Voyages 

6878
06:31:20,300 --> 06:31:23,000
rhythm. 
One evening, the ship's officers

6879
06:31:23,000 --> 06:31:26,000
host, a reception, giving 
passengers, the opportunity to 

6880
06:31:26,000 --> 06:31:28,400
meet the captain and crew who 
operate Titanic. 

6881
06:31:29,400 --> 06:31:33,000
Captain Smith appears exactly as
you'd imagine a ship's Captain 

6882
06:31:33,000 --> 06:31:39,300
should white bearded dignified 
and radiating calm competence. 

6883
06:31:39,300 --> 06:31:43,300
He moves through the crowd with 
practiced ease spending a few 

6884
06:31:43,308 --> 06:31:45,200
minutes. 
With each passenger, making 

6885
06:31:45,200 --> 06:31:48,500
everyone feel acknowledged 
another night features a concert

6886
06:31:48,500 --> 06:31:51,400
by the ship's Orchestra. 
Transformed from background 

6887
06:31:51,400 --> 06:31:54,800
dinner music to featured 
performers, they play a full 

6888
06:31:54,800 --> 06:31:57,000
program of classical and popular
pieces. 

6889
06:31:57,000 --> 06:32:00,400
The musicians revealing skills 
that dinner service doesn't 

6890
06:32:00,400 --> 06:32:04,200
fully showcase the lounge fills 
with passengers dressed in their

6891
06:32:04,200 --> 06:32:07,100
evening finest. 
All of us enjoying culture in 

6892
06:32:07,100 --> 06:32:10,000
the middle of the Atlantic. 
He also observe the quiet 

6893
06:32:10,000 --> 06:32:12,100
romance is developing aboard 
ship. 

6894
06:32:13,100 --> 06:32:15,900
That young couple from dinner, 
the first night, spend hours 

6895
06:32:15,900 --> 06:32:20,200
together on Deck, talking and 
laughing, clearly falling deeper

6896
06:32:20,200 --> 06:32:25,600
into love with each passing day.
An older pair, he packed 60, she

6897
06:32:25,600 --> 06:32:28,500
and her 50s. 
All seems to be discovering each

6898
06:32:28,500 --> 06:32:30,800
other. 
Their courtship more subtle but 

6899
06:32:30,800 --> 06:32:33,200
no less real. 
Ocean voyages. 

6900
06:32:33,200 --> 06:32:37,300
Apparently encouraged Romance. 
The enclosed world and temporary

6901
06:32:37,300 --> 06:32:39,700
nature of the experience, 
creating conditions where 

6902
06:32:39,700 --> 06:32:42,800
feeling's develop quickly. 
Your own social experience 

6903
06:32:42,800 --> 06:32:45,500
includes several conversations 
with attractive, women 

6904
06:32:45,500 --> 06:32:48,900
encounters that might have 
developed into something more if

6905
06:32:48,900 --> 06:32:53,200
circumstances were different. 
A Charming Widow, invites you to

6906
06:32:53,200 --> 06:32:57,100
walk the deck with her. 
Stated woman, your own age, 

6907
06:32:57,100 --> 06:33:00,100
engages you in extended 
discussion about art and 

6908
06:33:00,100 --> 06:33:03,600
literature in another context, 
these meetings might have led 

6909
06:33:03,600 --> 06:33:06,900
somewhere. 
But shipboard romance requires 

6910
06:33:06,900 --> 06:33:09,700
either quick development or 
acceptance of a temporary 

6911
06:33:09,700 --> 06:33:12,100
connection. 
And you find yourself preferring

6912
06:33:12,100 --> 06:33:15,900
friendship to the complications 
of brief Romance, the dining 

6913
06:33:15,900 --> 06:33:18,800
room continues, providing 
theater each evening by. 

6914
06:33:18,800 --> 06:33:21,800
Now, you've learned to recognize
various personalities among the 

6915
06:33:21,800 --> 06:33:25,200
first class passengers, the 
millionaire who always orders 

6916
06:33:25,200 --> 06:33:28,400
the most expensive wine, the 
British Aristocrat who treats 

6917
06:33:28,400 --> 06:33:30,300
stewards with casual 
condescension. 

6918
06:33:31,200 --> 06:33:34,100
The Nouveau riche couple is 
trying to hard to fit into High 

6919
06:33:34,100 --> 06:33:38,200
Society, the genuinely wealthy, 
who wear their money comfortably

6920
06:33:38,200 --> 06:33:41,800
without need for display. 
You also note, how the stewards 

6921
06:33:41,800 --> 06:33:44,400
manage this diverse group with 
remarkable skill? 

6922
06:33:44,400 --> 06:33:48,100
There remember, names, 
preferences, and small details 

6923
06:33:48,100 --> 06:33:51,100
that make each passenger feel 
individually served. 

6924
06:33:52,000 --> 06:33:54,500
Stewart, might recall that you 
prefer your coffee, very hot. 

6925
06:33:54,500 --> 06:33:56,700
All that you typically skip the 
soup. 

6926
06:33:56,700 --> 06:33:59,300
Course, all that you want 
mentioned in enjoying a 

6927
06:33:59,300 --> 06:34:02,400
particular wine. 
These small acknowledgments of 

6928
06:34:02,400 --> 06:34:04,900
individual preference, create 
the illusion of personal 

6929
06:34:04,900 --> 06:34:08,500
service, even within the 
industrial scale of Titanic's 

6930
06:34:08,500 --> 06:34:11,800
operations. 
One evening Margaret organizes 

6931
06:34:11,800 --> 06:34:14,100
an impromptu gathering in the 
lounge after dinner. 

6932
06:34:15,100 --> 06:34:18,500
Perhaps a dozen passengers, 
attend forming a loose circle of

6933
06:34:18,508 --> 06:34:21,700
chairs. 
Someone suggests telling stories

6934
06:34:21,700 --> 06:34:24,600
and suddenly we're entertaining 
each other with Tales from our 

6935
06:34:24,600 --> 06:34:28,100
lives. 
Margaret describes a disastrous 

6936
06:34:28,100 --> 06:34:31,100
dinner party where everything 
went wrong, but somehow became 

6937
06:34:31,100 --> 06:34:33,100
the most memorable evening of 
the season. 

6938
06:34:34,100 --> 06:34:37,100
Thomas tells about discovering a
valuable book in a Dusty shop 

6939
06:34:37,100 --> 06:34:39,300
where the owner had no idea what
he possessed. 

6940
06:34:40,000 --> 06:34:42,700
Edward shares diplomatic 
anecdotes carefully. 

6941
06:34:42,700 --> 06:34:46,500
Edited to remove confidential 
details when your turn comes you

6942
06:34:46,500 --> 06:34:49,100
tell about a business venture 
that succeeded far beyond 

6943
06:34:49,100 --> 06:34:52,200
expectations. 
The combination of planning and 

6944
06:34:52,200 --> 06:34:56,800
luck that made everything work 
perfectly But as you talk, you 

6945
06:34:56,800 --> 06:35:00,400
realize, the story is real point
isn't the success, it's the 

6946
06:35:00,400 --> 06:35:02,400
journey. 
It's the uncertainity. 

6947
06:35:02,400 --> 06:35:05,400
The gradual realization that 
things were going to work out. 

6948
06:35:06,300 --> 06:35:09,200
Your listeners seem to 
understand this nodding at 

6949
06:35:09,200 --> 06:35:12,100
recognition of universal 
experience's dressed in 

6950
06:35:12,108 --> 06:35:15,700
individual circumstances. 
The Gathering continues past 

6951
06:35:15,700 --> 06:35:20,300
midnight Passengers telling 
stories laughing and sharing 

6952
06:35:20,300 --> 06:35:23,300
moments of connection, that make
Titanic feel less like a ship 

6953
06:35:23,300 --> 06:35:25,300
and more like a floating 
community. 

6954
06:35:26,800 --> 06:35:29,300
Eventually people drift away to 
their cabins. 

6955
06:35:30,200 --> 06:35:32,500
But you linger in the lounge, 
thinking about this evening 

6956
06:35:32,500 --> 06:35:35,100
about these temporary 
friendships, that feel 

6957
06:35:35,100 --> 06:35:38,600
surprisingly substantial walking
back to your cabin through 

6958
06:35:38,600 --> 06:35:41,200
quiet. 
Corridors, you reflect on how 

6959
06:35:41,200 --> 06:35:44,200
Ocean Travel creates unique 
social conditions. 

6960
06:35:44,900 --> 06:35:47,200
Remove people from their normal 
contexts. 

6961
06:35:47,200 --> 06:35:50,000
Put them in close proximity for 
several days. 

6962
06:35:50,000 --> 06:35:54,000
Add comfort and Leisure and 
connections, develop that might 

6963
06:35:54,000 --> 06:35:57,800
never form ashore. 
You'll probably never see most 

6964
06:35:57,800 --> 06:36:01,700
of these people again after the 
voyage and yet, right now, they 

6965
06:36:01,700 --> 06:36:05,700
feel like friends companions on 
a shared Adventure, in your 

6966
06:36:05,700 --> 06:36:07,500
cabin. 
You prepare for bed, while 

6967
06:36:07,500 --> 06:36:10,500
thinking about tomorrow, the 
voyage is more than half. 

6968
06:36:10,500 --> 06:36:14,300
Finished Titanic is crossing the
Atlantic's middle sections. 

6969
06:36:14,300 --> 06:36:19,600
Now, the deepest Waters farthest
from any land, each day, brings,

6970
06:36:19,600 --> 06:36:23,300
you closer to New York to the 
end of this experience, and to 

6971
06:36:23,300 --> 06:36:26,600
returning to normal life. 
But tonight that seems distant 

6972
06:36:26,600 --> 06:36:31,100
and unimportant tonight, your 
here surrounded by new friends 

6973
06:36:31,100 --> 06:36:35,100
carried across the ocean in 
luxury experiencing something 

6974
06:36:35,100 --> 06:36:37,800
you'll remember forever. 
The ship takes on a different 

6975
06:36:37,800 --> 06:36:41,500
character after midnight. 
You discover this one night when

6976
06:36:41,500 --> 06:36:46,200
sleep eludes you and you decide 
to explore rather than lie in 

6977
06:36:46,200 --> 06:36:49,600
bed wrestling with wakefulness. 
Putting on a robe over your 

6978
06:36:49,600 --> 06:36:53,300
pajamas and slipping into shoes.
You venture out into corridors 

6979
06:36:53,300 --> 06:36:56,300
that have transformed from 
daytime bustle into something 

6980
06:36:56,300 --> 06:37:00,700
quieter almost meditative night,
lighting replaces the brilliant 

6981
06:37:00,700 --> 06:37:04,800
illumination of daytime. 
Softer bulbs cast, gentle pools 

6982
06:37:04,800 --> 06:37:07,100
of light, separated, by 
stretches of shadow. 

6983
06:37:07,900 --> 06:37:11,700
The effect creates intimacy, 
making the huge ship feel 

6984
06:37:11,700 --> 06:37:15,800
smaller and more manageable. 
Your footsteps Echo differently 

6985
06:37:15,800 --> 06:37:19,300
in these empty passages each 
sound reaching further without 

6986
06:37:19,300 --> 06:37:22,900
daytime noise to absorb it. 
You climb the grand staircase 

6987
06:37:22,900 --> 06:37:26,000
meeting. 
No one The carved Oak panels 

6988
06:37:26,000 --> 06:37:27,700
look different in reduced 
lighting. 

6989
06:37:27,700 --> 06:37:29,900
The wood grain deeper and 
richer. 

6990
06:37:31,000 --> 06:37:32,900
That clock showing honor and 
Glory. 

6991
06:37:32,900 --> 06:37:38,700
Crowning time reads 25. 
Somewhere in the ship crew 

6992
06:37:38,700 --> 06:37:41,800
members maintain their watches. 
But here in the passenger areas 

6993
06:37:41,800 --> 06:37:45,700
you have the world yourself on 
the boat deck, cold air hit 

6994
06:37:45,700 --> 06:37:48,700
immediately. 
You'd expected this but the 

6995
06:37:48,700 --> 06:37:50,400
reality still takes your breath 
away. 

6996
06:37:51,200 --> 06:37:54,500
The April night temperature must
be barely above freezing and the

6997
06:37:54,508 --> 06:37:58,100
wind makes it feel colder. 
Yet something about the cold 

6998
06:37:58,100 --> 06:37:59,900
appeals to you. 
It's honest. 

6999
06:37:59,900 --> 06:38:04,400
Demanding attention, refusing to
be ignored Sky above Titanic 

7000
06:38:04,400 --> 06:38:08,100
overwhelms with its vastness. 
You've seen night skies before 

7001
06:38:08,100 --> 06:38:12,500
but never like this never so far
from any competing light. 

7002
06:38:13,300 --> 06:38:16,100
Stars Pack the darkness in 
numbers that seem impossible, 

7003
06:38:16,100 --> 06:38:18,600
more stars than Sky to hold 
them. 

7004
06:38:19,700 --> 06:38:22,400
The Milky Way stretches overhead
like spilled milk. 

7005
06:38:22,400 --> 06:38:26,300
Frozen in place constellations. 
You've known since childhood 

7006
06:38:26,300 --> 06:38:30,000
appear embedded in this. 
Great pattern, familiar markers 

7007
06:38:30,000 --> 06:38:32,800
in overwhelming. 
Abundance, you walked to the 

7008
06:38:32,800 --> 06:38:34,300
railing and looked down at the 
ocean. 

7009
06:38:34,300 --> 06:38:38,700
The water appears, black under 
Starlight invisible except where

7010
06:38:38,700 --> 06:38:43,400
Titanic's lights, reach it. 
Along the hulls create pools of 

7011
06:38:43,408 --> 06:38:45,300
golden illumination on the 
surface. 

7012
06:38:45,300 --> 06:38:49,500
Giving you glimpses of wave's 
rolling past beyond that. 

7013
06:38:49,500 --> 06:38:53,000
Narrow band of visibility 
Darkness extends infinitely in 

7014
06:38:53,000 --> 06:38:55,800
all directions. 
The ship's engines maintain 

7015
06:38:55,800 --> 06:38:59,300
their constant Rhythm felt 
through your feet as much as 

7016
06:38:59,300 --> 06:39:02,200
heard. 
Somewhere forward the watch 

7017
06:39:02,200 --> 06:39:04,700
officers. 
Stand on the bridge monitoring 

7018
06:39:04,700 --> 06:39:06,600
instruments. 
Maintaining course. 

7019
06:39:07,400 --> 06:39:10,800
In the engine rooms, far below 
crew members tend Machinery that

7020
06:39:10,800 --> 06:39:12,800
drives this enormous vessel 
forward. 

7021
06:39:13,500 --> 06:39:16,700
But up here, you're alone with 
the Knight and the stars and the

7022
06:39:16,700 --> 06:39:20,400
vast ocean. 
You think about distance how far

7023
06:39:20,400 --> 06:39:23,800
Titanic has traveled from 
Southampton, how far remains to 

7024
06:39:23,800 --> 06:39:27,200
New York, How deep the water 
flows beneath the keel. 

7025
06:39:27,900 --> 06:39:31,700
The numbers become abstract at 
this scale, three miles to the 

7026
06:39:31,700 --> 06:39:36,500
ocean floor, hundreds of miles 
to the nearest land, thousands 

7027
06:39:36,500 --> 06:39:39,900
of stars visible overhead, 
measurements that dwarf human 

7028
06:39:39,900 --> 06:39:43,500
comprehension, the cold 
eventually drives you inside but

7029
06:39:43,500 --> 06:39:45,200
you're not ready to return to 
your cabin. 

7030
06:39:46,000 --> 06:39:49,900
Instead, you explore the ship's 
public rooms, finding them 

7031
06:39:49,900 --> 06:39:54,000
empty, but still lit. 
The reading room, maintains, its

7032
06:39:54,008 --> 06:39:57,800
quiet charm. 
Even without readers the lounge.

7033
06:39:57,800 --> 06:40:01,300
Looks almost mysterious in 
reduced lighting familiar 

7034
06:40:01,300 --> 06:40:03,200
ferniture. 
Transformed into unfamiliar 

7035
06:40:03,200 --> 06:40:06,500
shapes and shadows. 
You discover your not completely

7036
06:40:06,500 --> 06:40:09,400
alone after all In the smoking 
room. 

7037
06:40:09,400 --> 06:40:12,200
One other passenger. 
Occupies a leather chair staring

7038
06:40:12,200 --> 06:40:14,800
into the middle distance while 
nursing a glass of whiskey. 

7039
06:40:15,600 --> 06:40:19,300
He's older perhaps 70 Dresden, a
robe similar to yours. 

7040
06:40:19,300 --> 06:40:22,800
He nods acknowledgment, when you
enter, but doesn't speak. 

7041
06:40:22,800 --> 06:40:26,700
And you respect his desire for 
Solitude by a chair on the 

7042
06:40:26,700 --> 06:40:29,600
opposite side of the room for 
perhaps half an hour. 

7043
06:40:29,600 --> 06:40:31,800
You both sit there in 
comfortable silence. 

7044
06:40:32,900 --> 06:40:35,000
The smoking room stained glass 
windows. 

7045
06:40:35,000 --> 06:40:38,600
Look, black from inside 
reflecting the room, rather than

7046
06:40:38,600 --> 06:40:41,300
showing anything, beyond the 
calf. 

7047
06:40:41,300 --> 06:40:43,900
Ceiling seems to press down 
slightly without crowds and 

7048
06:40:43,900 --> 06:40:47,400
conversation to push it back. 
Everything feels compressed, 

7049
06:40:47,400 --> 06:40:51,700
concentrated and essential, 
eventually the older gentleman 

7050
06:40:51,700 --> 06:40:55,600
Rises nods again and parts. 
You remain thinking about 

7051
06:40:55,600 --> 06:40:59,600
nothing in particular letting 
your mind drift like the Titanic

7052
06:40:59,600 --> 06:41:03,000
across the water. 
Thoughts come and go without 

7053
06:41:03,000 --> 06:41:06,300
demanding attention worries. 
That might keep your waking, 

7054
06:41:06,300 --> 06:41:10,600
your cabin feel distant here, 
manageable and small around 

7055
06:41:10,600 --> 06:41:12,800
three o'clock. 
You return to the Promenade deck

7056
06:41:12,800 --> 06:41:16,500
for another exposure to cold and
stars, This time, you know, 

7057
06:41:16,500 --> 06:41:20,700
notice the Horizon align, barely
visible West, Starry Sky meets 

7058
06:41:20,700 --> 06:41:23,800
dark ocean. 
The division between up and down

7059
06:41:23,800 --> 06:41:26,000
the edge between two and 
infinitus. 

7060
06:41:26,900 --> 06:41:29,600
Staring at that line. 
You feel both very small and 

7061
06:41:29,600 --> 06:41:32,600
somehow connected to something 
larger though, you could not 

7062
06:41:32,600 --> 06:41:35,400
articulate exactly what a 
shooting star. 

7063
06:41:35,400 --> 06:41:38,100
Crosses the sky there and gone 
in a breath. 

7064
06:41:38,100 --> 06:41:42,800
Then another, then a third. 
You realize you're watching a 

7065
06:41:42,800 --> 06:41:46,000
meteor shower, piece of cosmic 
debris, burning up in the 

7066
06:41:46,000 --> 06:41:50,000
atmosphere far above each streak
of light represents matter. 

7067
06:41:50,000 --> 06:41:54,100
Older, than human civilization 
material, that's traveled 

7068
06:41:54,100 --> 06:41:56,200
through space for millions of 
years. 

7069
06:41:56,200 --> 06:42:00,400
Before ending, its journey in a 
brief flash of the Atlantic, the

7070
06:42:00,400 --> 06:42:03,600
beauty of it makes your chest 
tight, you're watching something

7071
06:42:03,600 --> 06:42:05,900
that has nothing to do with 
human concerns. 

7072
06:42:05,900 --> 06:42:10,100
The universe simply being 
itself, indifferent to observers

7073
06:42:10,100 --> 06:42:13,000
yet. 
Here you stand observing 

7074
06:42:13,000 --> 06:42:17,000
creating meaning from natural 
phenomena, that carry, no 

7075
06:42:17,000 --> 06:42:19,200
inherent. 
Meaning at all back, inside. 

7076
06:42:19,200 --> 06:42:22,100
Again, you wander toward the 
stern down. 

7077
06:42:22,100 --> 06:42:24,500
Staircases. 
You haven't explored before and 

7078
06:42:24,500 --> 06:42:27,200
through crew areas where signs 
indicate passengers shouldn't 

7079
06:42:27,200 --> 06:42:30,300
go. 
Nobody stops you the night. 

7080
06:42:30,300 --> 06:42:32,900
Watch apparently assumes. 
Any passenger wandering around 

7081
06:42:32,900 --> 06:42:36,100
at this hour has good. 
Reason you emerge onto a lower 

7082
06:42:36,100 --> 06:42:38,700
deck where you can hear the 
propellers more clearly and feel

7083
06:42:38,700 --> 06:42:42,200
their vibration more strongly. 
Looking back along Titanic's. 

7084
06:42:42,200 --> 06:42:45,800
Length from this position. 
You see the ship's full scale in

7085
06:42:45,800 --> 06:42:47,700
a way. 
Daytime viewing never quite 

7086
06:42:47,700 --> 06:42:50,500
captures. 
She rises above you, like a 

7087
06:42:50,500 --> 06:42:55,100
cliff face decks stacked upon 
deck, like marking windows and 

7088
06:42:55,100 --> 06:42:58,500
passages. 
Four funnels Tower against the 

7089
06:42:58,500 --> 06:43:01,000
Stars. 
The whole structure seems 

7090
06:43:01,000 --> 06:43:04,700
impossible, too large to float 
and too complex to operate. 

7091
06:43:05,600 --> 06:43:09,500
Yet, she moves through the water
with Grace carrying, hundreds of

7092
06:43:09,500 --> 06:43:12,500
passengers in Comfort. 
While they sleep, you make your 

7093
06:43:12,500 --> 06:43:16,000
way back to familiar areas 
climbing toward the boat deck 

7094
06:43:16,000 --> 06:43:18,400
again. 
The sky has begun showing the 

7095
06:43:18,400 --> 06:43:21,100
first hints of dawn, not light 
exactly. 

7096
06:43:21,100 --> 06:43:25,700
But a lessening of absolute 
Darkness, a suggestion that day.

7097
06:43:25,700 --> 06:43:29,500
Approaches your tired. 
Now, in a pleasant way the sort 

7098
06:43:29,500 --> 06:43:31,500
of exhaustion that promises deep
sleep. 

7099
06:43:31,500 --> 06:43:34,800
One final Circuit of the 
Promenade deck serves as the 

7100
06:43:34,800 --> 06:43:38,900
conclusion to your nighttime 
exploration The wind still blows

7101
06:43:38,900 --> 06:43:41,600
cold, but you've adjusted to it,
accepted it. 

7102
06:43:42,500 --> 06:43:45,600
The Stars still fill the sky 
though, they seem less 

7103
06:43:45,600 --> 06:43:47,500
overwhelming. 
Now, more familiar. 

7104
06:43:48,300 --> 06:43:51,500
The ocean still stretches 
endlessly but you've made peace 

7105
06:43:51,500 --> 06:43:54,000
with its vastness back in your 
cabin. 

7106
06:43:54,000 --> 06:43:56,800
Finally, you remove your robe 
and shoes and climb into bed, 

7107
06:43:56,800 --> 06:44:01,000
sheets feel warm and welcoming 
after the cold deck, the 

7108
06:44:01,000 --> 06:44:04,600
mattress Embraces, you the 
gentle motion of the ship rocks.

7109
06:44:04,600 --> 06:44:07,300
You like a cradle. 
You think about the night just 

7110
06:44:07,300 --> 06:44:12,000
passed about stars and darkness 
and solitude You think about 

7111
06:44:12,000 --> 06:44:15,600
being awake while others sleep 
about seeing the ship in her 

7112
06:44:15,600 --> 06:44:18,600
nighttime aspect and about 
discovering that Titanic 

7113
06:44:18,600 --> 06:44:22,700
contains layers of experience 
Beyond daytime luxury, sleep 

7114
06:44:22,700 --> 06:44:26,000
arrives, like a friend, you'd 
been expecting pulling you down 

7115
06:44:26,000 --> 06:44:30,400
into dreams colored By Starlight
notion depths by the rhythm of 

7116
06:44:30,400 --> 06:44:33,000
engines and the whisper of waves
along the hull. 

7117
06:44:33,000 --> 06:44:36,800
Tomorrow will bring another day 
of a Leisure and luxury of meals

7118
06:44:36,800 --> 06:44:38,800
and conversation and social 
ritual. 

7119
06:44:39,600 --> 06:44:42,900
But tonight, belongs to 
something else to quiet Wonder 

7120
06:44:42,900 --> 06:44:46,900
to connect with vastness, to 
moments of pure existence, 

7121
06:44:46,900 --> 06:44:50,100
without purpose Beyond being the
last thought. 

7122
06:44:50,100 --> 06:44:53,600
Before sleep claims, you can 
completely your glad you could 

7123
06:44:53,600 --> 06:44:57,300
not sleep early, glad you went 
exploring and glad you 

7124
06:44:57,300 --> 06:45:00,600
discovered this secret version 
of Titanic that only reveals 

7125
06:45:00,600 --> 06:45:04,200
herself to the wakeful and the 
wandering you wake late after 

7126
06:45:04,200 --> 06:45:07,300
your nighttime Adventures 
sunlight streaming through your 

7127
06:45:07,300 --> 06:45:11,000
cabin window. 
Checking your pocket, watch your

7128
06:45:11,000 --> 06:45:14,100
startled, to find its nearly 
10:00, you've slept through 

7129
06:45:14,100 --> 06:45:16,600
breakfast service, something you
haven't done since boarding. 

7130
06:45:17,400 --> 06:45:20,100
But the extra rest feels 
deserved and besides the cafe 

7131
06:45:20,100 --> 06:45:23,400
will still serve light, a fair 
for late rise's after washing 

7132
06:45:23,400 --> 06:45:25,200
and dressing. 
You make your way to the cafe. 

7133
06:45:25,200 --> 06:45:28,600
Finding it moderately populated 
with other passengers who've 

7134
06:45:28,600 --> 06:45:31,900
also slept late. 
He ordered coffee and toast and 

7135
06:45:31,900 --> 06:45:34,600
settle at a window table to 
watch the ocean while you eat. 

7136
06:45:35,600 --> 06:45:39,500
The sea looks calmer today, the 
waves gentler and the water a 

7137
06:45:39,500 --> 06:45:40,800
deeper blue than you've seen 
yet. 

7138
06:45:40,800 --> 06:45:44,400
On this Voyage Margaret appears 
with her own coffee and spotting

7139
06:45:44,400 --> 06:45:47,200
new comes over to join. 
You look rested. 

7140
06:45:47,200 --> 06:45:50,600
She observes settling into the 
chair across from yours. 

7141
06:45:50,600 --> 06:45:52,500
You tell her about your 
nighttime. 

7142
06:45:52,500 --> 06:45:56,300
Wandering about stars and 
Solitude and seeing the ship in 

7143
06:45:56,300 --> 06:46:00,500
darkness. she listens with 
evident interest then shares, 

7144
06:46:00,500 --> 06:46:04,300
her own similar experience from 
a previous voyage Apparently 

7145
06:46:04,300 --> 06:46:07,100
many passengers eventually, 
discover the appeal of nighttime

7146
06:46:07,100 --> 06:46:10,800
exploration drawn by 
restlessness, or curiosity, and 

7147
06:46:10,800 --> 06:46:13,500
to seeing their floating home 
from different perspectives. 

7148
06:46:13,500 --> 06:46:16,400
It's like visiting a familiar 
house at an unfamiliar. 

7149
06:46:16,400 --> 06:46:19,100
Our Margaret says everything 
looks different. 

7150
06:46:19,100 --> 06:46:23,400
You notice details that daytime 
activity, obscures the 

7151
06:46:23,400 --> 06:46:26,800
conversation drifts to other 
topics her plans once reaching 

7152
06:46:26,800 --> 06:46:30,100
Italy, your own upcoming 
business, New York, and the 

7153
06:46:30,100 --> 06:46:33,800
strange feeling that this Voyage
exists outside normal time. 

7154
06:46:35,100 --> 06:46:37,900
We're both aware that Titanic 
will reach New York in a few 

7155
06:46:37,908 --> 06:46:40,600
days. 
Ending this interlude returning 

7156
06:46:40,600 --> 06:46:43,500
us to regular life. 
I always feel slightly 

7157
06:46:43,500 --> 06:46:45,600
Melancholy toward the end of 
ocean voyages. 

7158
06:46:45,600 --> 06:46:49,200
Margaret admits all these 
connections we've made the 

7159
06:46:49,200 --> 06:46:51,700
friendships that feel real 
despite their brevity. 

7160
06:46:51,700 --> 06:46:54,700
Most of them won't survive 
contact with Shore. 

7161
06:46:54,700 --> 06:46:58,700
Life will exchange addresses, 
promise to write and maybe even 

7162
06:46:58,700 --> 06:47:02,700
mean it sincerely but then 
regular life resumes and this 

7163
06:47:02,700 --> 06:47:04,900
shipboard world Fades into a 
pleasant memory. 

7164
06:47:04,900 --> 06:47:08,900
You recognize the truth. 
In her words already, you can 

7165
06:47:08,900 --> 06:47:12,100
feel this Voyage becoming a 
story, you'll tell and 

7166
06:47:12,100 --> 06:47:15,100
experience your remember rather 
than something you're actively 

7167
06:47:15,100 --> 06:47:18,100
living. 
Present moment keeps sliding 

7168
06:47:18,100 --> 06:47:21,700
into past tense. 
Each day adding to accumulated 

7169
06:47:21,700 --> 06:47:24,800
memory after coffee. 
You decide to attend the church 

7170
06:47:24,800 --> 06:47:27,000
service being held in the Dining
Saloon. 

7171
06:47:27,700 --> 06:47:30,200
You're not particularly 
religious but the service 

7172
06:47:30,200 --> 06:47:33,300
provides an opportunity to see 
The Passenger community gathered

7173
06:47:33,300 --> 06:47:35,300
for something Beyond meals and 
entertainment. 

7174
06:47:36,700 --> 06:47:38,500
The dining slew has been 
transformed. 

7175
06:47:39,400 --> 06:47:42,700
With chairs arranged theater 
style facing a small lectern at 

7176
06:47:42,700 --> 06:47:45,800
the front Captain Smith 
conducts, the service with the 

7177
06:47:45,800 --> 06:47:48,400
same dignity, he brings to ship 
operations. 

7178
06:47:49,200 --> 06:47:52,400
His voice carries Authority, but
also warmth, as he reads from 

7179
06:47:52,400 --> 06:47:56,500
the book of common prayer. 
The hymns familiar ones that 

7180
06:47:56,508 --> 06:47:59,700
most people know rise from 
hundreds of voices. 

7181
06:47:59,700 --> 06:48:03,600
Creating Harmony that feels both
solemn and uplifting. 

7182
06:48:04,300 --> 06:48:06,600
Looking around at your fellow 
passengers singing together. 

7183
06:48:06,600 --> 06:48:10,600
You feel connected to something 
older than Titanic older than 

7184
06:48:10,600 --> 06:48:14,300
ocean travel. 
Something about humans seeking 

7185
06:48:14,300 --> 06:48:17,500
meaning and Community. 
The sermon brief and 

7186
06:48:17,500 --> 06:48:20,900
non-controversial focuses on 
gratitude and safe Passage. 

7187
06:48:21,700 --> 06:48:24,400
Captain Smith. 
Thanks God for calm, seas and 

7188
06:48:24,400 --> 06:48:27,600
favorable weather asks for 
blessings for the remainder of 

7189
06:48:27,608 --> 06:48:31,300
the voyage and remind everyone 
to appreciate the remarkable 

7190
06:48:31,300 --> 06:48:33,900
vessel carrying us across the 
ocean. 

7191
06:48:33,900 --> 06:48:37,700
It's good pastoral care. 
Appropriate for the setting 

7192
06:48:37,700 --> 06:48:41,800
demanding nothing while offering
Comfort after the service, 

7193
06:48:41,800 --> 06:48:45,500
passengers, lingo and small 
groups, conversation flowing 

7194
06:48:45,500 --> 06:48:48,200
naturally. 
You speak with Thomas about the 

7195
06:48:48,200 --> 06:48:51,500
music, with Edward about 
Maritime traditions, and with 

7196
06:48:51,508 --> 06:48:53,900
several other passengers. 
You've come to know during the 

7197
06:48:53,900 --> 06:48:57,500
voyage The Gathering feels like 
Church Fellowship anywhere. 

7198
06:48:57,500 --> 06:49:01,600
People connecting over shared 
experience finding comfort and 

7199
06:49:01,608 --> 06:49:05,200
Community lunch follows its 
usual pattern of Excellence. 

7200
06:49:06,000 --> 06:49:10,000
You've stopped being Amazed by 
the food quality accepting it as

7201
06:49:10,000 --> 06:49:14,100
normal, rather than exceptional 
this adaptation strikes you as 

7202
06:49:14,100 --> 06:49:16,600
interesting. 
How quickly luxury becomes 

7203
06:49:16,600 --> 06:49:19,600
expected? 
How standards are just upward 

7204
06:49:19,600 --> 06:49:21,700
when exposed to consistently 
high quality? 

7205
06:49:22,700 --> 06:49:25,100
You'll probably find ordinary 
restaurants disappointing. 

7206
06:49:25,100 --> 06:49:28,800
After this Voyage, the afternoon
brings you to the library where 

7207
06:49:28,800 --> 06:49:30,400
you've spent minimal time so 
far. 

7208
06:49:31,400 --> 06:49:35,100
The room contains an impressive 
book, selection novels history 

7209
06:49:35,100 --> 06:49:39,000
is travel narratives poetry and 
reference works. 

7210
06:49:39,900 --> 06:49:43,800
You browse the shelves, putting 
volumes at random reading 

7211
06:49:43,800 --> 06:49:47,000
opening paragraphs and trying to
decide what appeals to your 

7212
06:49:47,000 --> 06:49:49,500
current mood. 
Eventually, you select a book, 

7213
06:49:49,500 --> 06:49:52,700
about arctic, exploration, and 
settle into a comfortable chair.

7214
06:49:53,700 --> 06:49:57,200
The contrast appeals to you 
reading about extreme cold, 

7215
06:49:57,200 --> 06:50:00,600
while sitting in Titanic's. 
Perfect Comfort learning about 

7216
06:50:00,600 --> 06:50:03,600
dangerous Expeditions while 
experiencing the safest 

7217
06:50:03,600 --> 06:50:06,800
possible, Ocean Travel. 
The explorers in the book 

7218
06:50:06,800 --> 06:50:10,100
struggled against hostile 
nature, risked, death regularly,

7219
06:50:10,100 --> 06:50:12,300
and suffered incredible 
hardship. 

7220
06:50:13,000 --> 06:50:15,700
You're eating chocolate while 
reading about their frostbite 

7221
06:50:15,700 --> 06:50:18,600
and starvation. 
You don't feel guilty about this

7222
06:50:18,600 --> 06:50:21,000
contrast. 
Civilizations. 

7223
06:50:21,000 --> 06:50:24,000
Entire purpose is creating 
comfort from hostile nature, 

7224
06:50:24,000 --> 06:50:27,500
building systems that protect 
humans from environmental 

7225
06:50:27,500 --> 06:50:30,100
dangers. 
Titanic represents the 

7226
06:50:30,100 --> 06:50:32,500
culmination of that project 
nature. 

7227
06:50:32,500 --> 06:50:36,400
Completely tamed Ocean Travel 
transformed from dangerous 

7228
06:50:36,400 --> 06:50:38,300
necessity into comfortable 
pleasure. 

7229
06:50:38,300 --> 06:50:41,000
An older woman sits near you 
also reading. 

7230
06:50:41,000 --> 06:50:45,300
Eventually, she looks up and 
catches your eye, good book, you

7231
06:50:45,300 --> 06:50:47,400
show her the cover and she nods 
and recognition. 

7232
06:50:48,200 --> 06:50:51,900
I read that last year. 
Remarkable stories makes you 

7233
06:50:51,908 --> 06:50:54,200
grateful for a modern 
technology, doesn't it? 

7234
06:50:54,200 --> 06:50:57,400
You agree and conversation. 
Develops naturally. 

7235
06:50:57,400 --> 06:51:01,200
She is a professor's Widow 
traveling to visit family in 

7236
06:51:01,200 --> 06:51:03,800
America. 
This is her third Atlantic 

7237
06:51:03,800 --> 06:51:07,200
Crossing and she's watching 
ships evolved from relatively 

7238
06:51:07,200 --> 06:51:10,200
basic vessels to Modern Marvels 
like Titanic. 

7239
06:51:11,200 --> 06:51:14,000
Her observations about Maritime 
progress, reveal sharp 

7240
06:51:14,000 --> 06:51:17,200
intelligence and genuine 
curiosity about technological 

7241
06:51:17,200 --> 06:51:19,600
change. 
My late husband believed we were

7242
06:51:19,608 --> 06:51:22,100
living through Humanity's great,
age of advancement. 

7243
06:51:22,100 --> 06:51:25,900
She tells you He thought future 
Generations would look back at 

7244
06:51:25,900 --> 06:51:28,100
our era. 
The way we look back at the 

7245
06:51:28,100 --> 06:51:31,200
Renaissance. 
Time when human capability 

7246
06:51:31,200 --> 06:51:33,600
exploded. 
When we achieve things 

7247
06:51:33,600 --> 06:51:36,900
previously thought impossible? 
Do you think he was right? 

7248
06:51:36,900 --> 06:51:41,000
You are asked she considers 
carefully before answering yes 

7249
06:51:41,000 --> 06:51:42,900
though. 
Perhaps not quite the way. 

7250
06:51:42,900 --> 06:51:46,100
He imagined progress always 
comes with costs. 

7251
06:51:46,100 --> 06:51:50,500
He didn't fully anticipate But 
yes, this is a remarkable time 

7252
06:51:50,500 --> 06:51:53,200
to be alive. 
The conversation continues for 

7253
06:51:53,200 --> 06:51:56,700
perhaps an hour ranging across 
topics with the freedom that 

7254
06:51:56,700 --> 06:51:59,400
comes from intelligent, 
strangers meeting by chance. 

7255
06:52:00,100 --> 06:52:03,900
She's read, widely traveled 
extensively, and thought deeply 

7256
06:52:03,900 --> 06:52:06,100
about the world and Humanities 
place in it. 

7257
06:52:06,800 --> 06:52:09,700
Talking with her, remind you 
that education and intelligence 

7258
06:52:09,700 --> 06:52:13,400
aren't limited to any particular
age or gender, that wisdom can 

7259
06:52:13,400 --> 06:52:15,200
appear anywhere. 
If you're paying attention 

7260
06:52:15,200 --> 06:52:19,900
eventually, she returned to her 
book and you to yours but the 

7261
06:52:19,900 --> 06:52:22,700
interaction leaves you feeling 
enriched grateful. 

7262
06:52:22,700 --> 06:52:27,100
For unexpected connections, that
Ocean Travel facilitates tea 

7263
06:52:27,100 --> 06:52:28,800
service at 4:00 brings you to 
the cafe. 

7264
06:52:28,800 --> 06:52:31,100
Again where the usual crowd is 
gathered. 

7265
06:52:31,900 --> 06:52:35,500
Your core group sits together 
and conversation flows with the 

7266
06:52:35,500 --> 06:52:39,100
ease of astonished friendship. 
We've shared enough meals and 

7267
06:52:39,100 --> 06:52:42,600
discussions that inside jokes of
developed references that 

7268
06:52:42,600 --> 06:52:45,500
wouldn't make sense to outside 
as but send us into laughter. 

7269
06:52:45,500 --> 06:52:49,000
Sarah describes her aunt's 
reaction to the Turkish bars. 

7270
06:52:49,000 --> 06:52:52,700
Apparently, the older woman 
found the heat shocking but the 

7271
06:52:52,700 --> 06:52:56,500
massage after a deeply 
satisfying, Thomas reports 

7272
06:52:56,500 --> 06:52:59,600
finishing, an excellent novel 
from the library and offers 

7273
06:52:59,600 --> 06:53:01,800
recommendations for what others 
should read. 

7274
06:53:03,100 --> 06:53:06,100
Edward shares news from the 
ship's Daily Bulletin about 

7275
06:53:06,100 --> 06:53:08,500
events in The Wider World 
though. 

7276
06:53:08,500 --> 06:53:11,700
These reports feel distant and 
somewhat unreal from the middle 

7277
06:53:11,700 --> 06:53:15,400
of the Atlantic, you mention 
your nighttime exploration and 

7278
06:53:15,400 --> 06:53:17,200
this prompts others to share 
similar experiences. 

7279
06:53:17,200 --> 06:53:21,100
We discover that several of us 
have been drawn to late night 

7280
06:53:21,100 --> 06:53:24,900
wandering Eating our own version
of that peaceful Solitude the 

7281
06:53:24,900 --> 06:53:27,600
ship offers after most 
passengers sleep. 

7282
06:53:28,500 --> 06:53:31,600
We compare favorite spots 
Margaret likes the reading room 

7283
06:53:31,600 --> 06:53:34,100
at night. 
Thomas prefers, the smoking room

7284
06:53:34,100 --> 06:53:37,800
and Sarah has discovered a quiet
corner of the Promenade deck 

7285
06:53:37,800 --> 06:53:40,900
like ghosts haunting. 
Our own Voyage Edward. 

7286
06:53:40,900 --> 06:53:44,500
Observe smiling at the metaphor 
moving through, empty spaces 

7287
06:53:44,500 --> 06:53:47,200
while everyone else. 
Dreams dinner that evening. 

7288
06:53:47,200 --> 06:53:51,000
Feels especially convivial, your
table includes several people. 

7289
06:53:51,000 --> 06:53:54,300
You've come to know well and 
conversation flows with unusual 

7290
06:53:54,300 --> 06:53:57,100
warmth. 
Someone proposes a toast to 

7291
06:53:57,100 --> 06:54:01,200
Titanic and Captain Smith and we
all raise our glasses, genuinely

7292
06:54:01,200 --> 06:54:04,800
grateful for this experience the
meal itself course. 

7293
06:54:04,800 --> 06:54:09,000
After course of Exquisite food 
hardly registered as now you've 

7294
06:54:09,000 --> 06:54:12,000
become a custom to color and 
recs and while you still 

7295
06:54:12,000 --> 06:54:14,900
appreciate the quality, it no 
longer astonishes. 

7296
06:54:15,700 --> 06:54:18,600
What matters more is the 
fellowship, the shared 

7297
06:54:18,600 --> 06:54:21,700
experience and the sense of 
being part of something special?

7298
06:54:21,700 --> 06:54:25,800
After dinner the group migrates 
to the lounge where The Pianist 

7299
06:54:25,800 --> 06:54:28,500
plays and passengers gather for 
the evenings, final social 

7300
06:54:28,500 --> 06:54:30,800
hours. 
You notice how relationships 

7301
06:54:30,800 --> 06:54:34,300
have developed over the voyage, 
the young couple you observed 

7302
06:54:34,300 --> 06:54:38,000
early on now, seems firmly 
attached, like clearly engaged 

7303
06:54:38,000 --> 06:54:41,200
or soon-to-be. 
Several passengers who began as 

7304
06:54:41,200 --> 06:54:43,600
strangers now, sit together, 
like old friends. 

7305
06:54:44,500 --> 06:54:47,200
The ship social world has 
organized itself into a 

7306
06:54:47,208 --> 06:54:50,300
functioning Community. 
Margaret pulls, you aside at one

7307
06:54:50,300 --> 06:54:52,500
point. 
I'm going to miss this. 

7308
06:54:52,500 --> 06:54:55,200
She says, quietly. 
This feeling of being outside 

7309
06:54:55,200 --> 06:54:58,600
regular life of having time to 
just be without endless 

7310
06:54:58,600 --> 06:55:00,700
obligations pressing on every 
moment. 

7311
06:55:00,700 --> 06:55:03,200
You understand exactly what she 
means. 

7312
06:55:03,200 --> 06:55:07,200
Titanic provides a bubble a 
protected space where normal 

7313
06:55:07,200 --> 06:55:10,600
rules don't quite apply. 
Time moves differently here. 

7314
06:55:11,500 --> 06:55:14,000
Concerns that Loom, larger Shore
seemed distant. 

7315
06:55:14,900 --> 06:55:18,400
The enforced Leisure allows for 
thought and conversation that 

7316
06:55:18,400 --> 06:55:21,600
regular life really permits. 
We should all do this more 

7317
06:55:21,600 --> 06:55:23,900
often. 
You suggest take deliberate 

7318
06:55:23,900 --> 06:55:27,300
breaks from normal routine and 
create space for reflection and 

7319
06:55:27,300 --> 06:55:29,900
connection. 
We should Margaret agrees, we 

7320
06:55:29,900 --> 06:55:34,700
won't, but we should the evening
winds down slowly, Passengers 

7321
06:55:34,700 --> 06:55:37,300
drift toward their cabins, in 
ones and twos. 

7322
06:55:38,100 --> 06:55:41,400
The Pianist plays softer 
selections music for ending 

7323
06:55:41,400 --> 06:55:44,500
rather than beginning. 
Stewards move through the room 

7324
06:55:44,500 --> 06:55:47,700
collecting empty glasses, 
straightening furniture, and 

7325
06:55:47,700 --> 06:55:51,200
preparing spaces for tomorrow. 
You're among the last to leave 

7326
06:55:51,200 --> 06:55:53,300
reluctant to let this evening 
end. 

7327
06:55:54,200 --> 06:55:57,600
On the walk back to your cabin. 
You pause One More Time On Deck.

7328
06:55:57,600 --> 06:56:02,000
Looking up at stars now familiar
from previous nights, The air 

7329
06:56:02,000 --> 06:56:04,800
feels warmer than your first 
night aboard either. 

7330
06:56:04,800 --> 06:56:07,200
The temperature is actually 
risen or you've adapted to the 

7331
06:56:07,208 --> 06:56:10,100
cold in your cabin, preparing 
for bed. 

7332
06:56:10,100 --> 06:56:13,200
You reflect on the cultural 
snapshot, this Voyage 

7333
06:56:13,200 --> 06:56:16,300
represents. 
A particular moment in time, 

7334
06:56:16,300 --> 06:56:20,800
April 1912, when technology had 
Advanced far enough to make 

7335
06:56:20,800 --> 06:56:23,900
ocean Crossings comfortable, but
not so far as to make them 

7336
06:56:23,900 --> 06:56:26,600
routine. 
When wealthy passengers could 

7337
06:56:26,600 --> 06:56:29,300
experience luxury that previous 
generations would have 

7338
06:56:29,300 --> 06:56:32,900
considered impossible. 
When the world felt both larger 

7339
06:56:32,900 --> 06:56:37,300
and smaller than ever before 
larger because Global Travel was

7340
06:56:37,300 --> 06:56:40,900
Expanding Horizons smaller 
because technology was 

7341
06:56:40,900 --> 06:56:44,200
connecting distant places. 
This Voyage captures something 

7342
06:56:44,200 --> 06:56:47,600
about early 20th century 
aspirations, the belief that 

7343
06:56:47,600 --> 06:56:49,900
human Ingenuity could solve any 
problem. 

7344
06:56:49,900 --> 06:56:53,200
The confidence that progress was
inevitable and positive. 

7345
06:56:53,200 --> 06:56:56,100
The sense that we were building 
a better world through 

7346
06:56:56,100 --> 06:56:59,600
engineering and Industry. 
You drift towards sleep thinking

7347
06:56:59,600 --> 06:57:04,100
about Titanic as a cultural 
artifact as a symbol and as a 

7348
06:57:04,100 --> 06:57:06,800
representation of an era and 
attitudes. 

7349
06:57:07,600 --> 06:57:10,500
She is more than a ship. 
She's a statement about what 

7350
06:57:10,500 --> 06:57:14,700
humans can achieve about our 
Ambitions and capabilities and 

7351
06:57:14,700 --> 06:57:16,700
determination to conquer 
challenges. 

7352
06:57:16,700 --> 06:57:19,900
The engines throbs steadily 
carrying you through the night 

7353
06:57:19,900 --> 06:57:23,300
toward New York toward the end 
of this experience taught 

7354
06:57:23,300 --> 06:57:27,500
tomorrow and whatever comes off 
after. but tonight, right now, 

7355
06:57:27,500 --> 06:57:31,900
you're here, part of this 
moment, experiencing something 

7356
06:57:31,900 --> 06:57:35,300
that will live in memory long 
after the voyage ends, sleep 

7357
06:57:35,300 --> 06:57:39,200
comes with the gentle rocking of
waves against the hull, with the

7358
06:57:39,200 --> 06:57:42,900
whisper of water rushing past, 
and with the distant sound of 

7359
06:57:42,900 --> 06:57:47,600
the Titanic's, orchestra playing
One Last Waltz, before silence 

7360
06:57:47,600 --> 06:57:48,400
claims the night,