What Really Happened to D.B. Cooper? | Boring History

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A man bought a plane takes his 
seat and disappears into one of 

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the strangest open questions in 
American history. 

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No dramatic music, needed my 
tired for chachos, just a window

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seat, a briefcase and a mystery 
that somehow got quieter, the 

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longer people tried to solve it.
Tonight's story looks at what 

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really happened to DB Cooper 
using the known details, the 

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theories people, keep returning 
to and the unanswered pieces 

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that still refuse to sit neatly 
in place. 

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Tiny note before we drift too 
far in, we're still working on 

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the chapter issue, but it looks 
like that part is on spotify's 

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end. 
So, thank you for being patient 

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while it gets sorted. 
If this kind of late night 

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history is your thing, leave a 
like follow along or drop where 

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your listening from before sleep
wins. 

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Now, let the room dim down, get 
comfortable and we'll board the 

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story from the beginning. 
On the evening of November 24th,

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1971 a manner. 
Dark business suit. 

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Boarded a commercial airliner in
Portland. 

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Oregon handed a flight attendant
to handwritten note and then 

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vanished into the stormy. 
Darkness of the Pacific 

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Northwest with 200,000 dollars 
in cash. 

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Parachute. 
He may or may not have known how

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to use. 
No confirmed body was ever, 

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recovered know, intact parachute
was ever found. 

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And more than five decades 
later, the case of fishy known 

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as nor Jack Remains, the only 
unsolved commercial airline 

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hijacking in the entire history 
of American Aviation. 

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Historical sources referenced 
include Federal Bureau of 

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Investigation, nor Jack case 
records. 

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The Smithsonian Magazine 
reporting on the case, Seattle 

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Times, archive coverage from 
1971 through 2616 and the 

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bureau's own public case, 
summary released during the 2016

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suspension of active 
investigation, your standing in 

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Portland International Airport 
on the afternoon before 

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Thanksgiving in the year 1971. 
The terminal hums with the low 

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easy sound of holiday Travelers 
moving through their day. 

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Family shuffled toward their 
gate with overnight bags and the

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faint smell of airport, coffee 
trailing behind them. 

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Children, press their noses 
against the wide glass windows, 

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overlooking, the tarmac 
watching, luggage carts, zigzag,

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cross wet concrete in the gray 
after noon. a man, at the next 

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gate is reading a newspaper 
folded in half one corner, 

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curling from the humidity of the
terminal are Someone further 

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down the corridor is eating a 
hot dog with a focused 

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efficiency of a person who did 
not have time for lunch. 

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Sky outside. 
Is that particular shade of gray

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that only the Pacific Northwest 
produces in late November? 

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Flattened seamless. 
Sealing of cloud that blurs, the

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boundary between afternoon and 
early evening without much 

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ceremony. 
You notice a man standing near 

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the ticket counter. 
He is not remarkable in any 

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obvious way, that as it turns 
out is the whole point. 

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He wears a dark business suit 
and a plain black tie. 

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Clip on kind the sort of person 
buys because it is practical 

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rather than elegant. 
He carries an ordinary Brown 

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briefcase of the type, you might
expect to see on any 

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professional heading home for 
the long weekend. 

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He has dark sunglasses perched 
on his face though the sky 

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outside as offered. 
Absolutely. 

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No reason for the mall after 
noon. 

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His hair is dark and neatly, 
combed his face as dozens of 

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witnesses, would later attempt 
to reconstruct from the pools of

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their own memory, sit somewhere 
between forgettable and quietly 

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handsome. 
It is the face of a man who 

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understood that looking average 
was its own, kind of Disguise, 

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the kind that no cost June can 
improve upon He steps to the 

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counter and purchases a one-way 
ticket on Northwest Orient, 

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Airlines flight, 305 Bound for 
Seattle Washington. 

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He pays cash. 
He gives his name as Dan Cooper.

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That name will become one of the
most recognizable aliases in 

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American criminal history, 
though. 

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Not quite in the form, he left 
it. 

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A wire service reporter will 
make a clerical mistake in the 

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days that follow and the name 
that gets pressed into 

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newspapers and broadcast through
television sets and eventually 

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into the collective imagination 
of an entire country will be DB 

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Cooper. 
The man himself like he never 

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used those initials, he chose 
Dan Cooper, probably because it 

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was clean plain and easy to 
forget, which was exactly what 

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he needed it to be. 
The flight departs at 2:45 in 

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the afternoon. 
It is a short hop less than half

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an hour in the air. 
The kind of routine segment that

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flight Crews travel in their 
sleep and barely log in memory 

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afterward, there are 36 
passengers aboard, the aircraft 

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is a Boeing 727. 
A 3 engine jet, that carries a 

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design feature. 
Almost no hijacker before this 

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one had bothered to think about 
At the back of the aircraft, 

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there is a rear air stare, that 
can be lowered while the plane 

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is still in Flight. 
The stairs folds down from the 

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tail section, like the back door
of an old farmhouse opening onto

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nothing, but air and sky. 
You settle into your imaginary 

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seat and picture him in row 18 
somewhere near the back. 

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Apart from the rest of the 
passengers. 

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He orders Bourbon and soda, he 
pays for his drink which strikes

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at least one crew member as 
oddly courteous. 

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Given everything that's about to
happen next. 

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The glass sweats faintly in the 
recycled air of the cabin, the 

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seat cushion beneath him, 
carries the particular slightly 

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compressed quality of airplane 
upholstery that is supported 

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10,000 flights and shows. 
No signs of surprised at any of 

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them. 
He is not nervous. 

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That detail recorded 
independently by multiple 

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Witnesses, who had no reason to 
coordinate. 

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Their accounts is one of the 
most persistent and genuinely on

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settling aspects of the whole 
story. 

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He is calm in the way that a 
person is calm when they have 

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made a difficult decision sat 
with it long enough to stop. 

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Fearing it turned it over in 
their hands and its edges felt 

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familiar and arrived at the far 
side of that decision before 

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anyone else in the room. 
Even knew there was a decision 

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being made. 
The plane lifts off Portland's 

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Runway and beginners. 
It's short Arc, north towards 

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Seattle. 
You can picture the view from 

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that oval window. 
The city Falls away beneath the 

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aircraft with the Quiet drama of
altitude, achieved on a clear 

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enough day to see the geometry 
of streets and bridges. 

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The Willamette River catches. 
What little light, the November 

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afternoon still holds a dark 
silver ribbon winding South The 

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suburbs dissolve into farmland 
and the Farmland gives way to 

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the dark green scrub of the 
Cascade foot hills. 

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Cloud cover closest overall of 
it like a curtain drawn slowly 

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across the stage within minutes.
There is nothing outside the 

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window but Gray. 
Shortly after takeoff, he passed

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his a folded note to one of the 
flight attendants. 

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Florence shaffner. 
Initially, tucked it away with 

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out. 
Reading it, this was not unusual

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behavior on her part. 
Passengers, occasionally, passed

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notes to flight attendants. 
The notes were not always 

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request for emergency 
assistance. 

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She assumed it was a telephone 
number. 

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He leaned toward her and told 
her without any visible. 

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Agitation. 
And without raising his voice 

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that she needed to read it right
there. 

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She read it. 
The note communicated that he 

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had a bomb inside his briefcase 
and that he intended to use it. 

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If his demands were not met He 
then opened the briefcase just 

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enough for her to see its 
contents. 

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Which she would later describe 
as a collection of red, 

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cylindrical, objects, wiring. 
And what appeared to be a 

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battery. the interior of the 
briefcase was dark enough that 

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she could not be certain of 
everything she was seeing, She 

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was certain enough. 
She looked at the briefcase, she

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looked at him. 
He looked back at her with the 

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composed expression of a man who
had already decided, how this 

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afternoon was going to unfold, 
and who was prepared to wait, 

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while everyone else caught up. 
She excused herself and walked 

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toward the cockpit. 
Tin William Scott received the 

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information and made the 
decision that the airline every 

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law enforcement agency. 
That would later be involved and

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the entire American aviation 
industry would be grappling with

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for the years ahead. 
He radioed ahead to Seattle to 

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Coma in International Airport. 
North-west orients operations 

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center was notified. 
The Federal Bureau of 

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Investigation was alerted. 
The Machinery of a hostage 

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negotiation began to turning 
slowly into motion. 

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Meanwhile, back in row, 18, the 
man who called himself, Dan 

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Cooper, finished his Bourbon and
waited. 

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It is worth pausing here on what
that scene actually looked like 

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from the outside. 35. 
Other passengers were riding 

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north for Thanksgiving 
completely. 

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Unaware that The Quiet Man. 
In the dark suit, near the back 

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of the aircraft had just set in 
motion a chain of events that 

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would alter commercial Aviation 
permanently. 

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They looked out their Windows, 
the read magazines, they thought

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about the dinners, they would 
eat and the relatives they would

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Embrace and the traffic, they 
would sit through once the plane

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touched down. 
A woman two rows ahead, may have

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been knitting a man across the 
aisle, may have been doing a 

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crossword writing letters in to 
Tiny squares with the focused 

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pleasure, that Crosswoods 
provide on short flights. 

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He sat among them invisible in 
plain sight and waited for 

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Seattle to answer. 
What kind of person plans a 

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thing like this? 
That question would preoccupy 

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investigators for decades and 
Fascinate the general public for

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longer still. 
The level of preparation, he 

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demonstrated was not accidental 
and was not improvised on the 

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day. 
He knew what bourbon cost on 

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that particular Airline, which 
means he had either flown 

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Northwest Orient before or had 
done his research with a quality

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of patients that borders on 
devotion. 

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He knew about the 727s rear air 
stare. 

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The design features so obscure 
that most of the 35th in would 

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not have been able to earn 
describe it. 

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If asked, He had a precise 
working knowledge of what 

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200,000 dollars would weigh and 
how it would fit into a 

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container. 
He could physically carry He had

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parachutes in mind before he 
ever bought his ticket. 

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This was not a man acting from 
desperation. 

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This was someone who had thought
the entire plan through 

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rehearsed it, mentally until the
rough edges smooth themselves 

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out. 
And then showed up at the 

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Portland airport on a grain of 
Ember afternoon looking like any

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other business traveler, heading
home for the holiday weekend. 

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You can almost see him settled 
into the slightly worn seat, 

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cushion of that 727. 
Steady hum of the engines 

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beneath him. 
The flat gray World pressing 

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against the window. 
His bourbon glass, it's empty on

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the tray table. the flight 
attendant who received his note 

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is standing near the forward 
Galley with her composure 

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carefully arranged speaking in 
low tones, with a colleague Her 

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body language controlled with 
the kind of deliberate 

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steadiness that comes from 
genuine professional training 

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meeting a situation that no 
training fully anticipates 

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outside. 
The first cold lights of 

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suburban, Seattle, beginning to 
appear below the cloud layer 

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scattered and Amber in the early
dark. 

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He's about to become the most 
famous Anonymous person in the 

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recorded history of American 
Crime and he is still. 

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Inexplicably infuriatingly 
serenely calm. 

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The plane does not land 
immediately. 

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Seattle, Tacoma International 
Airport, had been alerted the 

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Federal Bureau of Investigation 
had been alerted, North West 

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00:12:01,900 --> 00:12:03,800
orients executive team was in 
motion. 

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00:12:03,800 --> 00:12:07,400
The decision was made to keep 
the aircraft circling at a 

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holding patterns in the airport 
while the ransom demand was 

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negotiated and the money was 
physically assembled on the 

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ground below. 
This was not a modest request. 

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200,000 dollars in 1971 
represented a serious Fortune 

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roughly equivalent to more than 
one and a half million dollars 

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measured against today's 
purchasing power. 

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He had not asked for an amount 
so staggering that it would take

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days to collect He had not asked
for pocket, change either. 

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He had settled on a number that 
communicated, both genuine 

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intent, and a certain practical 
intelligence. he understood what

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was achievable within a few 
hours and he asked for exactly 

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that amount Which is itself. 
A form of research. 

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00:12:53,400 --> 00:12:56,100
He also had specific 
requirements about the physical 

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form of the money. 
He wanted the ransom delivered 

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in twenty dollar bills, common 
and negotiable. 

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He specified that the serial 
numbers should be recorded 

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beforehand. 
He did not appear particularly 

232
00:13:09,200 --> 00:13:12,000
troubled by that condition, 
which is quietly. 

233
00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:14,800
Interesting. 
Either, he had a plan for 

234
00:13:14,800 --> 00:13:18,900
managing marked currency or he 
had a plan that simply did not 

235
00:13:18,900 --> 00:13:21,700
depend on spending those bills 
anywhere. 

236
00:13:21,700 --> 00:13:23,600
They could be easily traced back
to him. 

237
00:13:24,300 --> 00:13:27,900
Investigators would spend years 
trying to determine which of 

238
00:13:27,900 --> 00:13:30,000
those possibilities was closer 
to the truth. 

239
00:13:30,900 --> 00:13:35,600
He also wanted four parachutes. 
Parachute demand is the element 

240
00:13:35,600 --> 00:13:39,000
of this story that reveals the 
most about his thinking, or at 

241
00:13:39,000 --> 00:13:41,800
least reveals it most clearly to
those willing to look at it from

242
00:13:41,800 --> 00:13:45,600
more than one direction, he 
asked for two primary parachutes

243
00:13:45,600 --> 00:13:49,800
and two Reserve parachutes. 
Investigators initially assumed 

244
00:13:49,800 --> 00:13:52,400
this meant he plan to take a 
hostage with him when he jumped,

245
00:13:52,400 --> 00:13:55,000
which would explain the need for
extra equipment. 

246
00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:58,600
If he intended to LEAP from the 
aircraft in the dark with 

247
00:13:58,600 --> 00:14:00,600
another person strapped 
alongside him. 

248
00:14:01,200 --> 00:14:03,800
Having only one functional 
Reserve, parachute would be 

249
00:14:03,808 --> 00:14:05,400
gambling with someone else's 
life. 

250
00:14:05,400 --> 00:14:09,300
In a way that might cause them 
to resist physically or cause 

251
00:14:09,300 --> 00:14:11,500
the authorities to treat the 
situation differently. 

252
00:14:12,600 --> 00:14:15,200
But the four parachute demand 
may also have been a piece of 

253
00:14:15,208 --> 00:14:19,300
deliberate tactical misdirection
with no hostage involved at all.

254
00:14:20,200 --> 00:14:22,400
If the authorities believed he 
planned to jump with a 

255
00:14:22,400 --> 00:14:26,000
passenger, they would have a 
much harder time sabotage in one

256
00:14:26,000 --> 00:14:28,100
of the delivered parachutes 
before boarding. 

257
00:14:28,900 --> 00:14:31,600
Because doing so risked killing 
an innocent person. 

258
00:14:31,600 --> 00:14:35,000
He may have asked for four, not 
because he needed for but 

259
00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:37,800
because asking for four gave him
better odds of jumping with 

260
00:14:37,800 --> 00:14:40,200
equipment that would actually 
open above the Dark Forest 

261
00:14:40,200 --> 00:14:43,200
below. 
That kind of layered thinking is

262
00:14:43,200 --> 00:14:46,100
what would make investigators 
shake their heads in slow 

263
00:14:46,100 --> 00:14:47,800
frustration, for the next half 
century? 

264
00:14:49,400 --> 00:14:52,100
The aircraft circles, Seattle, 
for two hours, while the money 

265
00:14:52,100 --> 00:14:54,900
was assembled. 
You might try to imagine what 

266
00:14:54,900 --> 00:14:57,100
those two hours felt like inside
that cabin. 

267
00:14:58,000 --> 00:15:01,200
The other passengers were told 
there was a mechanical problem 

268
00:15:01,200 --> 00:15:04,300
that required attention before 
landing would be safe. 

269
00:15:05,100 --> 00:15:08,600
Most of them remained unaware of
the actual situation unfolding 

270
00:15:08,600 --> 00:15:11,800
at altitude around them though 
the unusual lengths of the 

271
00:15:11,800 --> 00:15:15,300
holding pattern and the slightly
careful quality of the cruise 

272
00:15:15,300 --> 00:15:18,300
Smiles, may have suggested to 
some that whatever was happening

273
00:15:18,300 --> 00:15:22,100
was not exactly routine. 
Children may have pressed their 

274
00:15:22,100 --> 00:15:25,400
faces to the windows again, 
looking for the lights below, 

275
00:15:25,400 --> 00:15:29,200
the scattered Amber grid of the 
Seattle metro area visible 

276
00:15:29,200 --> 00:15:33,000
through breaks in the cloud. 
The flight attendants move 

277
00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:35,400
through the cabin with the 
controlled Grace of people 

278
00:15:35,400 --> 00:15:39,600
managing very specific 
information and very specific 

279
00:15:39,600 --> 00:15:42,400
instructions. 
At the same time, their voices 

280
00:15:42,400 --> 00:15:45,300
kept deliberately low, their 
movements deliberate. 

281
00:15:46,400 --> 00:15:49,000
Outside the windows. 
Seattle was going about its 

282
00:15:49,000 --> 00:15:51,800
evening. 
Cars were pulling into driveways

283
00:15:51,800 --> 00:15:55,300
families were arriving at 
relatives houses for the eve of 

284
00:15:55,300 --> 00:15:58,400
Thanksgiving, caring pies, and 
overnight bags, and bottles of 

285
00:15:58,400 --> 00:16:01,500
wine. 
The lights of the suburbs 

286
00:16:01,500 --> 00:16:04,400
shimmered through the low cloud 
in patents, that must have 

287
00:16:04,400 --> 00:16:08,400
looked from above like a city 
completely unaware. 

288
00:16:08,400 --> 00:16:12,100
It had a problem. 
Below all of that in the 

289
00:16:12,100 --> 00:16:15,700
Operation Center, at Seattle to 
Coloma people in suits, were 

290
00:16:15,700 --> 00:16:19,600
making phone calls with the 
speed and urgency of people who 

291
00:16:19,600 --> 00:16:22,500
understand that a plane with 
passengers aboard his circling 

292
00:16:22,500 --> 00:16:25,200
overhead and the clock on the 
ramps and his running. 

293
00:16:26,200 --> 00:16:29,800
He sat in the back and waited, 
the money came from a local 

294
00:16:29,800 --> 00:16:34,500
bank. $20 bills, each one 
photographed and logged against 

295
00:16:34,508 --> 00:16:37,900
a manifest that would become one
of the most important documents 

296
00:16:37,900 --> 00:16:44,800
in the subsequent investigation.
10,000 bills in total roughly 21

297
00:16:44,800 --> 00:16:49,000
pounds of paper currency. 
Caged into a canvas bag. 

298
00:16:49,900 --> 00:16:52,200
He would have known that 
approximate weight in advance 

299
00:16:52,200 --> 00:16:55,300
which is another small detail. 
Suggesting, he had worked 

300
00:16:55,300 --> 00:16:58,200
through the physical Logistics 
of his plan with genuine and 

301
00:16:58,200 --> 00:17:01,800
sustained thoroughness rather 
than improvised optimism. 

302
00:17:02,900 --> 00:17:06,500
The parachutes were sourced from
a regional skydiving School two 

303
00:17:06,500 --> 00:17:09,599
were civilian sport parachutes 
with manual ripcord deployment. 

304
00:17:10,599 --> 00:17:13,900
Two were military surplus 
Reserve shoots one of those 

305
00:17:13,900 --> 00:17:16,500
Reserve. 
Parachutes investigators would 

306
00:17:16,500 --> 00:17:19,000
later. 
Establish with certainly was not

307
00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:21,099
a functional jumping device at 
all. 

308
00:17:21,900 --> 00:17:25,000
It was a training dummy, a 
non-deployable, shoot used 

309
00:17:25,000 --> 00:17:27,900
purely for demonstration and 
instruction purposes on the 

310
00:17:27,900 --> 00:17:30,800
ground. 
The canopy was so closed. 

311
00:17:30,800 --> 00:17:34,300
Whether the Federal Bureau of 
Investigation was aware of this.

312
00:17:34,300 --> 00:17:37,400
When they delivered, the four 
parachutes to the aircraft, or 

313
00:17:37,400 --> 00:17:40,400
whether the dummy shoot, arrived
by Honest administrative area in

314
00:17:40,400 --> 00:17:42,800
the chaos of the evening. 
There's never been fully 

315
00:17:42,800 --> 00:17:48,000
resolved to anyone satisfaction 
If he noticed, he gave no 

316
00:17:48,000 --> 00:17:50,700
indication. 
The aircraft landed at 

317
00:17:50,700 --> 00:17:54,100
Seattle-Tacoma at approximately 
5:45 in the evening. 

318
00:17:54,100 --> 00:17:57,400
It was fully dark by then. 
The rain. 

319
00:17:57,400 --> 00:18:00,800
That is a constant companion of 
Pacific Northwest Autumn had 

320
00:18:00,800 --> 00:18:05,200
moved in while the plane circled
overhead, laying a fine wet film

321
00:18:05,200 --> 00:18:07,200
across the tarmac and the runway
lights. 

322
00:18:08,200 --> 00:18:11,900
The 727 rolled to a holding area
away from the main terminal 

323
00:18:11,900 --> 00:18:14,800
where it was met by Vehicles 
carrying law enforcement 

324
00:18:14,800 --> 00:18:18,000
personnel and Northwest Orient 
Representatives. 

325
00:18:19,300 --> 00:18:22,300
The aircraft sat on the wet 
concrete, like a very large, and

326
00:18:22,300 --> 00:18:25,200
very complicated problem, 
waiting for someone to solve it.

327
00:18:26,100 --> 00:18:28,800
He allowed the 36 other 
passengers to disembark. 

328
00:18:29,900 --> 00:18:32,400
He allowed one flight attendant 
to leave with theirs as well. 

329
00:18:33,200 --> 00:18:36,100
He kept three crew members and 
one flight attendant to board. 

330
00:18:36,100 --> 00:18:39,700
He wanted a minimal crew. 
Enough people to operate the 

331
00:18:39,700 --> 00:18:43,100
aircraft and navigate itself not
enough to complicate. 

332
00:18:43,100 --> 00:18:47,000
What came next. 
The canvas bag of cash and the 

333
00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:49,200
four parachutes were brought 
onto the plane. 

334
00:18:50,000 --> 00:18:52,800
He examined the money with the 
attentive but on hurried manner 

335
00:18:52,800 --> 00:18:55,700
of someone checking a detail 
rather than counting a windfall.

336
00:18:56,600 --> 00:18:59,600
He looked at the parachutes, at 
least the ones he chose to 

337
00:18:59,608 --> 00:19:02,500
inspect. 
He arranged the canvas bag 

338
00:19:02,500 --> 00:19:05,000
against his body in a way that 
would allow him to carry it. 

339
00:19:05,008 --> 00:19:08,800
Through whatever came next He 
then communicated, the next 

340
00:19:08,800 --> 00:19:10,600
phase of his plan to the flight 
crew. 

341
00:19:10,600 --> 00:19:13,100
He wanted the aircraft to take 
off again. 

342
00:19:13,100 --> 00:19:16,300
He wanted to fly in the 
direction of Mexico City. 

343
00:19:16,300 --> 00:19:20,400
He specified a cruising 
altitude, no higher than 10,000 

344
00:19:20,400 --> 00:19:24,100
feet with the landing gear 
extended, and the wing flaps set

345
00:19:24,100 --> 00:19:27,500
at 15 degrees. 
He wanted the plane to fly a 

346
00:19:27,500 --> 00:19:30,200
slowly as it could safely 
managed while remaining Airborne

347
00:19:30,200 --> 00:19:33,500
you wanted the cabin to remain 
unpressurized throughout the 

348
00:19:33,500 --> 00:19:35,900
flight. 
None of these were random 

349
00:19:35,900 --> 00:19:40,600
conditions chosen on a whim. 
Every single one made precise 

350
00:19:40,600 --> 00:19:43,600
technical sense for a person 
planning to exit the aircraft at

351
00:19:43,600 --> 00:19:47,800
low altitude in the dark over 
the Pacific Northwest terrain 

352
00:19:47,800 --> 00:19:51,000
below. 
Captain Scott communicated that 

353
00:19:51,000 --> 00:19:55,700
the aircraft configured to those
exact specifications could not 

354
00:19:55,700 --> 00:19:57,700
reach. 
Mexico City without stopping 

355
00:19:57,700 --> 00:20:00,900
somewhere. 
To refuel the man accepted a 

356
00:20:00,900 --> 00:20:03,600
refueling stop in Reno. 
Nevada without visible 

357
00:20:03,600 --> 00:20:06,000
resistance. 
The Federal Bureau of 

358
00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:08,900
Investigation and the airline 
agreed to the flight conditions.

359
00:20:08,900 --> 00:20:12,700
They had very little practical 
choice, They were dealing with 

360
00:20:12,708 --> 00:20:15,700
someone who claimed to have an 
active bomb and who had 

361
00:20:15,700 --> 00:20:18,700
demonstrated over the preceding 
hours, a level of preparation 

362
00:20:18,700 --> 00:20:22,400
and composure that made the 
threat impossible to dismiss as 

363
00:20:22,400 --> 00:20:26,800
theater or desperation. the 
aircraft was refueled on the 

364
00:20:26,800 --> 00:20:30,500
tarmac at Seattle Tacoma, the 
rain continued falling on the 

365
00:20:30,500 --> 00:20:33,100
concrete, and the arc lights, 
and the surrounding Pacific 

366
00:20:33,100 --> 00:20:38,500
Northwest dark Inside the plane 
in row, 18, the man who called 

367
00:20:38,500 --> 00:20:42,500
himself Dan Cooper, sat with a 
canvas bag near his feet and 

368
00:20:42,500 --> 00:20:44,900
made. 
No sound that anyone recorded is

369
00:20:44,900 --> 00:20:48,108
unusual. 
Approximately 7:40 in the 

370
00:20:48,116 --> 00:20:52,000
evening flight 305 lifted off 
from Seattle, to Coma in 

371
00:20:52,008 --> 00:20:54,900
international airport for the 
second time, that day heading 

372
00:20:54,900 --> 00:20:59,300
south into the overcast. 
Dark, Cloud, swallowed, the 

373
00:20:59,300 --> 00:21:01,100
aircraft within seconds of 
takeoff. 

374
00:21:01,900 --> 00:21:05,800
The runway lights vanished below
the darkness became complete and

375
00:21:05,808 --> 00:21:08,700
total and deeply quieter to 
altitude. 

376
00:21:09,600 --> 00:21:13,600
He stood up. 
The Boeing, 727, climbed south 

377
00:21:13,600 --> 00:21:16,900
from Seattle, pushing through 
the low, cloud ceiling, and 

378
00:21:16,908 --> 00:21:19,700
settling into the darkness of 
the Cascade foot hills. 

379
00:21:20,700 --> 00:21:23,700
Below the landscape was 
everything that a rational 

380
00:21:23,700 --> 00:21:27,600
parachutist with any experience 
would have spent considerable 

381
00:21:27,600 --> 00:21:30,900
effort avoiding. 
The Cascade mountain range runs 

382
00:21:30,900 --> 00:21:34,700
north to south like a long 
vertebral column down the 

383
00:21:34,708 --> 00:21:36,300
interior of the Pacific 
Northwest. 

384
00:21:36,300 --> 00:21:41,800
And in late November, it is 
cold, wet heavily, forested and 

385
00:21:41,800 --> 00:21:46,500
largely inaccessible by Road. 
The Columbia River Winds through

386
00:21:46,500 --> 00:21:50,300
this country in long and 
unhurried curves, the towns 

387
00:21:50,300 --> 00:21:54,000
where they exist at all. 
Are small and widely spaced lit 

388
00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:57,000
faintly against the surrounding 
dark like coals that have lost 

389
00:21:57,000 --> 00:22:00,500
most of their heat. 
The trees are Douglas, fir and 

390
00:22:00,500 --> 00:22:05,200
Western red cedar old growth 
Timber standing, so densely and 

391
00:22:05,200 --> 00:22:08,500
certain areas that the light 
never reaches the floor of the 

392
00:22:08,508 --> 00:22:11,800
forest below. 
Not in Winter, not in summer, 

393
00:22:11,800 --> 00:22:16,700
not at any point in the century.
He had asked to fly directly 

394
00:22:16,700 --> 00:22:22,300
over all of it in the dark, in 
the rain at 10,000 feet with the

395
00:22:22,300 --> 00:22:25,300
landing gear, extended, in the 
cabin unpressurized. 

396
00:22:26,400 --> 00:22:28,400
At approximately 8:30 in the 
evening. 

397
00:22:28,400 --> 00:22:32,100
Flight attendant, Tina mucklow, 
the one crew member who had 

398
00:22:32,100 --> 00:22:35,400
remained in the cabin with him 
for the duration was instructed 

399
00:22:35,400 --> 00:22:38,200
to go to the forward section of 
the aircraft and remain there. 

400
00:22:38,200 --> 00:22:41,500
She went forward and pulled the 
curtain between the passenger 

401
00:22:41,500 --> 00:22:43,900
cabin and the forward Galley 
area closed behind her. 

402
00:22:44,700 --> 00:22:47,000
She would later describe the 
moments that followed as a 

403
00:22:47,008 --> 00:22:50,600
period of profound and 
disorienting quiet, aboard an 

404
00:22:50,600 --> 00:22:53,300
aircraft that under those 
particular circumstances. 

405
00:22:53,300 --> 00:22:56,500
Absolutely should not have felt 
quiet. 

406
00:22:58,000 --> 00:23:00,700
Shortly afterward, the flight 
crew in the cockpit. 

407
00:23:00,700 --> 00:23:03,100
Detected a faint change in cabin
pressure. 

408
00:23:03,900 --> 00:23:07,300
They also noticed a small brief 
oscillation in the tale of the 

409
00:23:07,300 --> 00:23:10,600
aircraft. 
Subtle shift in the aerodynamic 

410
00:23:10,600 --> 00:23:14,700
equilibrium of the 727, that was
difficult to attribute to 

411
00:23:14,700 --> 00:23:18,100
whether or turbulence. 
Both of these Sensations are 

412
00:23:18,100 --> 00:23:21,300
consistent with the rear are 
being lowered from the inside, 

413
00:23:21,300 --> 00:23:26,000
while the plane is in flight. 
The 727 was specifically 

414
00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:30,300
designed to permit, this exact 
operation and the aircraft even 

415
00:23:30,300 --> 00:23:33,400
carries a dedicated indicator 
light on the instrument panel 

416
00:23:33,400 --> 00:23:37,600
for exactly this event. the crew
confirmed later that this 

417
00:23:37,600 --> 00:23:40,700
lighted activated during the 
flight, Captain. 

418
00:23:40,700 --> 00:23:44,100
Scott's spoke through the 
intercom and asked, whether any 

419
00:23:44,100 --> 00:23:47,700
assistance, was needed at the 
back of the plane, no response 

420
00:23:47,700 --> 00:23:50,900
came. 
At approximately 8:23 in the 

421
00:23:50,900 --> 00:23:53,800
evening, the tail of the 
aircraft registered, another 

422
00:23:53,800 --> 00:23:56,200
subtle shift in aerodynamic 
balance. 

423
00:23:57,300 --> 00:24:00,300
This kind of small disturbance 
is consistent with a person 

424
00:24:00,300 --> 00:24:04,500
stepping backward, offer 
staircase and into moving air 

425
00:24:04,500 --> 00:24:08,500
and altitude, he was gone. 
He'd taken the canvas bag 

426
00:24:08,500 --> 00:24:12,300
containing 200,000 dollars. 
He had taken two of the four 

427
00:24:12,300 --> 00:24:15,500
parachutes, he left behind the 
remaining two parachutes. 

428
00:24:15,500 --> 00:24:20,200
His clip-on Black Tie, sitting 
on the seat in row, 18 a partial

429
00:24:20,200 --> 00:24:23,800
pack of cigarettes and no 
indication whatsoever of where 

430
00:24:23,800 --> 00:24:28,200
he intended to land or whether 
he had any real plan for landing

431
00:24:28,200 --> 00:24:29,500
at all. 
Be on the parachute now 

432
00:24:29,500 --> 00:24:31,700
somewhere above the forest of 
South-Western, Washington. 

433
00:24:33,000 --> 00:24:35,000
Crew did not know immediately 
that he had jumped. 

434
00:24:35,800 --> 00:24:38,700
Captain Scott attempted to 
Circle back over the problem of 

435
00:24:38,700 --> 00:24:43,000
departure area, but without a 
precise fix on the exact moment 

436
00:24:43,000 --> 00:24:45,800
of exit or the aircraft's 
precise location at that 

437
00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:48,200
instant. 
The search area was already 

438
00:24:48,200 --> 00:24:51,400
enormous before even began, it 
was dark. 

439
00:24:51,400 --> 00:24:55,300
It was raining at altitude, the 
aircraft had been moving at 

440
00:24:55,300 --> 00:25:00,100
roughly 150 miles per hour. 
The wind above the mountains on 

441
00:25:00,100 --> 00:25:03,600
a November night in this part of
the country moves in directions 

442
00:25:03,600 --> 00:25:06,700
that confound even very careful 
calculation. 

443
00:25:07,900 --> 00:25:10,500
The Federal Bureau of 
Investigations scrambled search 

444
00:25:10,500 --> 00:25:13,200
parties before the aircraft had 
even reached Reno. 

445
00:25:13,900 --> 00:25:17,600
Military aircraft were diverted 
from other assignments, ground 

446
00:25:17,600 --> 00:25:20,700
teams were deployed throughout 
the corridor between Seattle and

447
00:25:20,700 --> 00:25:23,400
Portland. 
The geographical Corridor 

448
00:25:23,400 --> 00:25:26,500
investigators, estimated the 
aircraft had crossed during the 

449
00:25:26,500 --> 00:25:30,600
relevant window of time. 
Attention quickly, narrowed to a

450
00:25:30,600 --> 00:25:32,800
specific Zone over Southwestern 
Washington. 

451
00:25:33,800 --> 00:25:37,200
Centered roughly around the 
Lewis River Valley, a region of 

452
00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:40,200
dense forest and Scattered 
agricultural. 

453
00:25:40,200 --> 00:25:43,400
Land that offered no gentle 
welcome to anyone arriving from 

454
00:25:43,400 --> 00:25:46,700
altitude in darkness. 
The search found nothing. 

455
00:25:47,700 --> 00:25:50,100
Not a thread of dark fabric, 
caught on a branch. 

456
00:25:50,100 --> 00:25:53,400
Not a boot print pressed into 
the soft mud of the river 

457
00:25:53,400 --> 00:25:56,400
lowlands. 
Not a candy wrapper or cigarette

458
00:25:56,400 --> 00:25:59,800
butt or a single item of 
evidence that a human being had 

459
00:25:59,800 --> 00:26:03,500
descended from that aircraft, 
the Wilderness of absorbed 

460
00:26:03,500 --> 00:26:06,800
whatever had come down into it 
if anything had come down into 

461
00:26:06,800 --> 00:26:10,800
it at all with the complete and 
indifference that Wilderness 

462
00:26:10,800 --> 00:26:14,800
reserves for all of its Secrets 
equally, you can lie there in 

463
00:26:14,800 --> 00:26:17,400
your comfortable bed and try to 
construct the image of that 

464
00:26:17,400 --> 00:26:19,900
jump. 
Picture yourself at the back of 

465
00:26:19,900 --> 00:26:22,600
a commercial airliner the rear 
stair. 

466
00:26:22,600 --> 00:26:25,900
Extended into the slipstream 
behind you, the black nothing of

467
00:26:25,900 --> 00:26:29,400
a Pacific Northwest night spread
below you and the steady 

468
00:26:29,400 --> 00:26:31,200
vibration of the engines behind 
you. 

469
00:26:32,600 --> 00:26:36,200
The cold at that altitude and 
AirSpeed would have arrived not 

470
00:26:36,200 --> 00:26:40,100
as a chill, but as a physical 
impact, kind that stops your 

471
00:26:40,108 --> 00:26:42,900
breathing for a full second and 
makes your eyes water 

472
00:26:42,900 --> 00:26:47,500
immediately and involuntarily 
The Roar of the engines would 

473
00:26:47,500 --> 00:26:50,500
have dissolved within seconds of
stepping into the slipstream 

474
00:26:50,500 --> 00:26:53,600
replaced. 
By wind moving at speeds, that 

475
00:26:53,600 --> 00:26:57,900
eliminate coherent thought as 
cleanly as they eliminate sound.

476
00:26:59,100 --> 00:27:01,800
Whether he deployed his 
parachutes successfully as 

477
00:27:01,800 --> 00:27:05,200
something, no living person can 
confirm whether he survived the 

478
00:27:05,200 --> 00:27:07,100
opening. 
Shock of the canopy is on known 

479
00:27:07,100 --> 00:27:09,800
The Ransom bag. 
If strapped across his body, 

480
00:27:09,800 --> 00:27:13,200
would have created Dragon into 
fear, and that made a clean 

481
00:27:13,200 --> 00:27:15,600
deployment, significantly harder
to manage. 

482
00:27:17,200 --> 00:27:20,700
Tearing below was invisible. 
The darkness was total and 

483
00:27:20,700 --> 00:27:23,600
Unbroken. 
The rain reduced useful 

484
00:27:23,600 --> 00:27:26,400
visibility to essentially 
nothing in any direction. 

485
00:27:27,400 --> 00:27:30,400
Investigators, who study 
parachute jumps as part of their

486
00:27:30,400 --> 00:27:32,900
professional work of noted 
carefully and consistently. 

487
00:27:32,900 --> 00:27:36,800
That the conditions he jumped 
into were not survive of an 

488
00:27:36,800 --> 00:27:38,400
untrained or an experienced 
person. 

489
00:27:38,400 --> 00:27:41,200
Making an unplanned nighttime 
exit. 

490
00:27:42,500 --> 00:27:45,600
The wind speed altitude that 
evening was later estimated to 

491
00:27:45,600 --> 00:27:49,300
have been strong enough to carry
any descending body miles to the

492
00:27:49,300 --> 00:27:52,700
east of the projected Drop Zone 
deep into terrain. 

493
00:27:52,700 --> 00:27:55,400
That was even less forgiving 
than the area directly below the

494
00:27:55,400 --> 00:27:58,600
flight path. 
The ground in that region is not

495
00:27:58,600 --> 00:28:01,500
soft Farmland. 
But old growth forest canopy 

496
00:28:01,500 --> 00:28:04,500
where a parachute can become 
snagged in the upper branches 

497
00:28:04,500 --> 00:28:08,000
and leave its occupants 
suspended, 30 feet of the ground

498
00:28:08,000 --> 00:28:14,200
in absolute Darkness with no 
clear way down and yet nobody 

499
00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:17,600
was ever located in any of the 
train below that flight path. 

500
00:28:17,600 --> 00:28:21,500
No parachute was ever recovered 
in a condition that answered any

501
00:28:21,500 --> 00:28:24,100
of the questions investigators 
needed to have answered. 

502
00:28:24,100 --> 00:28:27,900
No clothing. 
No equipment, no, physical 

503
00:28:27,900 --> 00:28:30,400
Trace, that a human being had 
come down from that. 

504
00:28:30,400 --> 00:28:34,400
Aircraft was ever found anywhere
within the search area or Beyond

505
00:28:34,400 --> 00:28:37,100
it. 
The Wilderness of South-Western,

506
00:28:37,100 --> 00:28:40,800
Washington, kept, whatever it 
new, and it is kept it without 

507
00:28:40,800 --> 00:28:44,000
comment. 
Ever since on the ground in 

508
00:28:44,000 --> 00:28:48,100
Reno, the aircraft landed as 
scheduled Federal Bureau of 

509
00:28:48,100 --> 00:28:52,000
Investigation was waiting on the
tarmac with the focused and 

510
00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:55,800
slightly Grim energy of people 
who understood they were walking

511
00:28:55,800 --> 00:28:59,000
into an unusual situation that 
had just become permanently 

512
00:28:59,000 --> 00:29:01,600
unusual. 
They went through the plane with

513
00:29:01,600 --> 00:29:03,700
extraordinary care, collecting 
everything. 

514
00:29:03,700 --> 00:29:06,700
He had left behind the cigarette
butts. 

515
00:29:06,700 --> 00:29:10,700
The bourbon glass. 
The clip on black tie on the 

516
00:29:10,708 --> 00:29:14,600
seat in row, 18 two parachutes, 
he had chosen not to take with 

517
00:29:14,600 --> 00:29:17,500
him. 
The seat in row, 18 was just a 

518
00:29:17,500 --> 00:29:19,700
seat. 
The tray table had been folded 

519
00:29:19,700 --> 00:29:22,500
back up. 
There was no note, no message, 

520
00:29:22,500 --> 00:29:27,100
no, deliberate farewell of any 
kind left behind He had not 

521
00:29:27,100 --> 00:29:30,900
wanted to explain himself. 
Whatever he was thinking during 

522
00:29:30,900 --> 00:29:34,100
those final minutes of the 
aircraft before he rose from 

523
00:29:34,100 --> 00:29:36,800
that seat and walked toward the 
rear of the plane, in the dark 

524
00:29:36,800 --> 00:29:40,600
and the noise and the rain, he'd
kept it entirely to himself. 

525
00:29:40,600 --> 00:29:43,900
Tina mucklow the flight 
attendant who had remained 

526
00:29:43,900 --> 00:29:47,000
aboard with him through the long
negotiation, and the second 

527
00:29:47,000 --> 00:29:51,100
flight South was interviewed by 
investigators in the hours after

528
00:29:51,100 --> 00:29:55,200
the aircraft landed in Reno. 
Her account of the man, she had 

529
00:29:55,200 --> 00:29:57,300
spent hours with was steady and 
details. 

530
00:29:58,000 --> 00:30:00,700
She described someone who had 
been consistently polite 

531
00:30:00,700 --> 00:30:04,200
throughout the ordeal in a man. 
She found more unsettling than 

532
00:30:04,200 --> 00:30:07,700
rudeness would have been. 
He'd never raise his voice, he 

533
00:30:07,700 --> 00:30:09,800
had never made a threat of felt 
personal. 

534
00:30:10,600 --> 00:30:13,100
He had treated the entire 
situation with the same 

535
00:30:13,100 --> 00:30:15,800
even-handed composure. 
He had apparently walked onto 

536
00:30:15,800 --> 00:30:17,700
the plane within Portland that 
afternoon. 

537
00:30:18,600 --> 00:30:21,400
She was not certain whether this
composure meant, he had done 

538
00:30:21,400 --> 00:30:24,300
something like this before, or 
whether it meant he had spent. 

539
00:30:24,300 --> 00:30:27,600
So long preparing for this 
specific day, that the reality 

540
00:30:27,600 --> 00:30:30,400
of it, felt somehow familiar to 
him when it finally arrived. 

541
00:30:31,100 --> 00:30:34,100
That observation would stay with
investigators for a long time. 

542
00:30:34,100 --> 00:30:38,400
They had the plane, they had the
physical evidence, they had the 

543
00:30:38,400 --> 00:30:41,300
beginning of what would become 
the longest and most publicly 

544
00:30:41,300 --> 00:30:44,800
fascinating criminal 
investigation in the history of 

545
00:30:44,800 --> 00:30:46,800
the Federal Bureau of 
Investigation. 

546
00:30:46,800 --> 00:30:51,200
They did not have him. 
The rain fell on the mountains 

547
00:30:51,200 --> 00:30:54,300
of South-Western Washington 
through the night in into the 

548
00:30:54,300 --> 00:30:58,600
next morning, which was 
Thanksgiving Day 1971. 

549
00:30:59,600 --> 00:31:02,700
Families Across America, sat 
down at tables with relatives. 

550
00:31:02,700 --> 00:31:06,300
They only saw twice a year and 
made conversation that wandered 

551
00:31:06,300 --> 00:31:08,300
between comfortable and slightly
strained. 

552
00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:13,900
Turkey called on platters. 
Children ran in hallways and 

553
00:31:13,900 --> 00:31:17,000
somewhere in the Pacific 
Northwest, or possibly nowhere 

554
00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:20,500
within a thousand miles of it. 
The man, the world had begun 

555
00:31:20,500 --> 00:31:24,400
calling DB Cooper dissolved into
the American landscape as 

556
00:31:24,400 --> 00:31:27,600
completely as if the clouds as 
simply decided to keep him for 

557
00:31:27,608 --> 00:31:30,400
themselves. 
The Federal Bureau of 

558
00:31:30,400 --> 00:31:33,500
Investigation formerly assigned.
The name Lord Jack to its 

559
00:31:33,500 --> 00:31:35,600
investigation within days of the
hijacking. 

560
00:31:36,400 --> 00:31:38,500
The name was shorthand for 
Northwest hijacking. 

561
00:31:38,500 --> 00:31:41,800
The kind of functional 
bureaucratic label that federal 

562
00:31:41,800 --> 00:31:44,200
agencies favor when they are 
settling in. 

563
00:31:44,200 --> 00:31:46,600
For what they suspect will be a 
long and complicated. 

564
00:31:46,600 --> 00:31:49,800
Stay. 
Nor Jack would eventually become

565
00:31:49,800 --> 00:31:51,900
the longest running case in the 
agencies history. 

566
00:31:52,800 --> 00:31:56,200
It consumed more Personnel hours
than nearly any investigation 

567
00:31:56,200 --> 00:32:00,000
that proceeded it. 
More than a thousand suspects 

568
00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:02,300
were formerly examined. 
Over the course of the following

569
00:32:02,300 --> 00:32:05,500
decades. 
More than 40 individuals were at

570
00:32:05,500 --> 00:32:08,600
various points treated as 
serious Persons of Interest. 

571
00:32:09,600 --> 00:32:13,700
Hundreds of thousands of 
documents were generated filed 

572
00:32:13,700 --> 00:32:17,800
cross-referenced reviewed and 
later digitized. 

573
00:32:18,700 --> 00:32:22,400
Tips arrived from every state in
the country and from several 

574
00:32:22,400 --> 00:32:25,400
foreign Nations. 
Each one carrying the same 

575
00:32:25,400 --> 00:32:28,700
quality of confidence, 
certainty, that would eventually

576
00:32:28,700 --> 00:32:30,600
dissolve under the pressure of 
evidence. 

577
00:32:31,500 --> 00:32:34,400
The bureau was methodical in the
way that large institutions 

578
00:32:34,400 --> 00:32:37,600
learned to be methodical over 
many years, of practice 

579
00:32:37,600 --> 00:32:42,100
thorough, and deliberate and 
slightly slower than anyone. 

580
00:32:42,100 --> 00:32:46,300
Hoping for a quick resolution 
would have preferred. the first 

581
00:32:46,300 --> 00:32:49,200
order of business was the 
physical evidence collected from

582
00:32:49,200 --> 00:32:53,500
the aircraft in Reno, The 
clip-on Black Tie recovered from

583
00:32:53,500 --> 00:32:56,500
Row, 18 turned out to be far 
more interesting than it 

584
00:32:56,500 --> 00:32:59,800
appeared. 
A clip-on tie is already a 

585
00:32:59,800 --> 00:33:03,300
mildly revealing Choice, the 
decision to wear one, rather 

586
00:33:03,300 --> 00:33:07,100
than a standard knotted tie 
suggests, either that he did not

587
00:33:07,100 --> 00:33:11,400
want to be identified later by a
distinctive style of knot or 

588
00:33:11,400 --> 00:33:14,700
simply that he was the kind of 
person who found clip-on ties. 

589
00:33:14,700 --> 00:33:18,000
Genuinely convenient and 
practical in his daily life. 

590
00:33:19,100 --> 00:33:22,000
Neither interpretation 
dramatically Narrows the field 

591
00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:25,600
of candidates. 
But when investigators sent the 

592
00:33:25,600 --> 00:33:30,100
tide to the bureau's forensic 
laboratory something unexpected 

593
00:33:30,100 --> 00:33:34,400
emerged from the analysis. 
Ty, carry traces of titanium 

594
00:33:34,400 --> 00:33:39,300
particles in 1971. 
Titanium was not a material 

595
00:33:39,300 --> 00:33:41,400
found in everyday consumer 
goods. 

596
00:33:41,400 --> 00:33:45,500
It was an industrial metal used.
Primarily in Aerospace 

597
00:33:45,500 --> 00:33:49,600
manufacturing, certain 
specialty, chemical processing 

598
00:33:49,600 --> 00:33:52,300
operations and related 
industrial environments. 

599
00:33:53,000 --> 00:33:57,000
Finding titanium residue on a 
man's necktie, placed him with a

600
00:33:57,000 --> 00:34:00,200
reasonable confidence in a 
fairly specific range of working

601
00:34:00,200 --> 00:34:03,500
environments. 
This was not the residue of a 

602
00:34:03,508 --> 00:34:08,000
schoolteacher or a traveling 
insurance salesman. this was the

603
00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:11,300
trace signature of someone who 
worked near industrial materials

604
00:34:11,300 --> 00:34:16,400
of a particular and specialized 
kind a later forensic analysis 

605
00:34:16,400 --> 00:34:19,000
conducted using techniques 
developed. 

606
00:34:19,000 --> 00:34:22,300
Well, after the original 
investigation, identified 

607
00:34:22,300 --> 00:34:25,900
additional particles on the tie 
consistent with materials used 

608
00:34:25,900 --> 00:34:30,500
in specific industrial processes
tied to Aerospace production of 

609
00:34:30,500 --> 00:34:33,199
that era. 
The tie that looked like, 

610
00:34:33,199 --> 00:34:36,900
nothing special on a seat in 
row, 18 turned out to be the 

611
00:34:36,900 --> 00:34:40,199
most informed of physical 
evidence in the entire case. 

612
00:34:41,300 --> 00:34:44,100
Investigators all. 
So preserved biological material

613
00:34:44,100 --> 00:34:48,000
from the cigarette butts and 
from the bourbon glass, the 

614
00:34:48,000 --> 00:34:50,800
samples would have eventually 
yield a partial DNA profile. 

615
00:34:51,699 --> 00:34:56,500
Extracted using technology that 
did not exist in 1971 but became

616
00:34:56,500 --> 00:35:00,100
available decades later when the
evidence was reprocessed. 

617
00:35:00,900 --> 00:35:04,500
That partial profile has never 
been conclusively matched to any

618
00:35:04,500 --> 00:35:08,200
identified suspect. 
From manifest and ticket, 

619
00:35:08,200 --> 00:35:12,100
records were examined with care.
The cash payment, eliminated, 

620
00:35:12,100 --> 00:35:15,000
any Financial paper trail from 
the moment of purchase. 

621
00:35:15,900 --> 00:35:20,100
The name, Dan Cooper appeared in
no driver's license database, no

622
00:35:20,100 --> 00:35:24,100
passport registry and no other 
identifying document in any 

623
00:35:24,100 --> 00:35:26,900
government system. 
The one-way ticket was 

624
00:35:26,900 --> 00:35:31,000
unremarkable for that era. 
Before one-way purchases became 

625
00:35:31,000 --> 00:35:32,700
a matter of routine, screening 
attention. 

626
00:35:33,600 --> 00:35:35,400
Witnesses were interviewed at 
length. 

627
00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:38,600
Composite sketches, were 
produced and refined and 

628
00:35:38,600 --> 00:35:40,400
produced again in different 
combinations. 

629
00:35:41,700 --> 00:35:44,100
The various sketches that 
emerged over the investigation, 

630
00:35:44,100 --> 00:35:47,900
show a man somewhere between 35 
and 50 years of age. 

631
00:35:47,900 --> 00:35:52,700
Dark hair and Olive or lightly 
tanned complexion, a medium 

632
00:35:52,700 --> 00:35:54,800
build. 
And a height estimated at 

633
00:35:54,800 --> 00:35:57,800
somewhere between 5 ft, 10 
inches and 6 ft tall. 

634
00:35:59,100 --> 00:36:02,400
The description is specific 
enough to seem useful and 

635
00:36:02,400 --> 00:36:04,800
simultaneously. 
Vacant enough to apply to a very

636
00:36:04,808 --> 00:36:06,300
large. 
Number of men living in the 

637
00:36:06,300 --> 00:36:12,000
Pacific Northwest in 1971, 
Finding one average looking man 

638
00:36:12,000 --> 00:36:15,000
of middle age in the postwar. 
American West is not a simple 

639
00:36:15,000 --> 00:36:17,000
task even with a name to work 
from. 

640
00:36:18,000 --> 00:36:21,300
The name Dan Cooper attracted 
its own separate line of inquiry

641
00:36:21,300 --> 00:36:24,900
early in the investigation in a 
Belgian comic book series 

642
00:36:24,900 --> 00:36:29,500
popular in the 1950s and 60s. 
A character named Dan, Cooper is

643
00:36:29,500 --> 00:36:33,000
a Royal Canadian Air Force pilot
who makes parachute jumps as 

644
00:36:33,000 --> 00:36:36,300
part of his adventures. 
The series was published 

645
00:36:36,300 --> 00:36:40,100
primarily in French and 
distributed through Canada and 

646
00:36:40,100 --> 00:36:44,300
parts of Europe. investigators 
speculated that whoever 

647
00:36:44,300 --> 00:36:47,000
purchased that ticket in 
Portland might have encountered 

648
00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:50,300
this comic during a childhood 
spent in Canada or through 

649
00:36:50,308 --> 00:36:53,400
exposure to French language 
media, at some point in his 

650
00:36:53,400 --> 00:36:56,900
early life, This detail has 
never been confirmed as 

651
00:36:56,900 --> 00:36:59,900
meaningful. 
It has also never been set 

652
00:36:59,900 --> 00:37:02,800
completely aside. 
It remains one of the few 

653
00:37:02,800 --> 00:37:05,000
potential Windows into whatever 
he was thinking. 

654
00:37:05,000 --> 00:37:08,600
When he chose that specific name
at the Portland ticket counter, 

655
00:37:08,600 --> 00:37:12,500
which is a very small opening in
to a very carefully. 

656
00:37:12,500 --> 00:37:16,600
Constructed in tyria The ground 
search of the Wilderness below 

657
00:37:16,600 --> 00:37:19,300
the estimated flight path. 
Continued through the winter of 

658
00:37:19,300 --> 00:37:21,500
1971 and into the following 
year. 

659
00:37:22,400 --> 00:37:25,600
Teams work, the Lewis River 
Valley and the terrain spreading

660
00:37:25,600 --> 00:37:28,800
Eastern West through. 
South-Western Washington, they 

661
00:37:28,800 --> 00:37:32,800
found nothing connected. 
The case military aircraft flew,

662
00:37:32,800 --> 00:37:37,500
systematic grid patterns over 
the area, they found nothing, a 

663
00:37:37,500 --> 00:37:41,800
reward was announced tips 
arrived in volume investigators,

664
00:37:41,800 --> 00:37:44,700
work through them with the 
patient and methodical energy of

665
00:37:44,700 --> 00:37:48,100
people who have no choice but to
be patient and methodical. 

666
00:37:49,100 --> 00:37:52,900
Because the alternative is to 
stop working entirely, the great

667
00:37:52,900 --> 00:37:55,100
majority of tips LED nowhere at 
all. 

668
00:37:56,300 --> 00:38:00,100
Handful produced names that 
required closer attention and 

669
00:38:00,100 --> 00:38:03,200
longer investigation before they
too were set aside. 

670
00:38:04,000 --> 00:38:07,600
By the middle of the 1970s, the 
active ground search had wound 

671
00:38:07,600 --> 00:38:09,700
down from urgency to 
persistence. 

672
00:38:11,100 --> 00:38:14,900
The investigation continued from
its offices, reviewing incoming 

673
00:38:14,900 --> 00:38:17,900
information, cross-referencing 
new names against the 

674
00:38:17,900 --> 00:38:22,000
accumulated record and waiting 
for something physical to emerge

675
00:38:22,000 --> 00:38:23,800
from the landscape that had so 
far. 

676
00:38:23,800 --> 00:38:28,300
Refused to say anything useful. 
One particular detail kept 

677
00:38:28,300 --> 00:38:30,200
pulling at investigators 
throughout that decade. 

678
00:38:31,200 --> 00:38:34,000
Among the four parachutes, 
delivered to the aircraft at 

679
00:38:34,000 --> 00:38:37,500
Seattle, to Coma to had remained
aboard when the plane landed in 

680
00:38:37,500 --> 00:38:40,300
Reno. 
One of those two investigators, 

681
00:38:40,300 --> 00:38:43,200
confirmed was a non-functional 
training dummy. 

682
00:38:43,200 --> 00:38:45,500
It looked like a parachute from 
the outside. 

683
00:38:45,500 --> 00:38:49,000
It was constructed to roughly 
approximate the weight and feel 

684
00:38:49,000 --> 00:38:52,100
of a real parachute. 
But it would not deploy in any 

685
00:38:52,100 --> 00:38:55,000
meaningful way of someone 
attempted to use it in an actual

686
00:38:55,000 --> 00:38:58,700
jump from altitude. 
Canopy was sown permanently 

687
00:38:58,700 --> 00:39:01,400
closed. 
If you had selected this dummy, 

688
00:39:01,400 --> 00:39:04,300
shoot and stepped off that rear 
stair with its strapped to his 

689
00:39:04,300 --> 00:39:06,400
back. 
He would not have survived. 

690
00:39:06,400 --> 00:39:10,700
The Descent by any margin. 
The fact that this dummy shoot 

691
00:39:10,700 --> 00:39:13,700
was still on the aircraft when 
it landed in Reno suggests, he 

692
00:39:13,708 --> 00:39:17,100
did not take it. but 
investigators were never 

693
00:39:17,108 --> 00:39:20,000
entirely certain about exactly 
which two parachutes, he 

694
00:39:20,000 --> 00:39:23,900
selected in the rear, cabin of 
that aircraft in whatever light 

695
00:39:23,900 --> 00:39:27,100
he was working with, during, 
whatever time he had to make the

696
00:39:27,100 --> 00:39:31,600
selection, The inventory of 
precisely which equipment ended 

697
00:39:31,600 --> 00:39:34,900
up on the ground in Reno was 
never reconciled to everyone's 

698
00:39:34,900 --> 00:39:37,800
full satisfaction. 
He had either take in both 

699
00:39:37,800 --> 00:39:42,300
functional parachutes and jumped
with a reliable main canopy and 

700
00:39:42,300 --> 00:39:45,300
a reliable Reserve. 
Or he had taken one good 

701
00:39:45,300 --> 00:39:47,800
parachute and one that would 
have done in no good at all. 

702
00:39:49,200 --> 00:39:53,100
There was also the matter of the
parachute harness investigators 

703
00:39:53,100 --> 00:39:56,200
noted that one of the sport 
parachutes was designed for a 

704
00:39:56,200 --> 00:39:59,900
person significantly smaller 
than the man described by 

705
00:39:59,900 --> 00:40:03,200
Witnesses. 
If he strapped into this harness

706
00:40:03,200 --> 00:40:07,400
in the dark without noticing its
Dimensions, it would have fit in

707
00:40:07,400 --> 00:40:10,400
poorly, which could have made a 
clean deployment, more difficult

708
00:40:10,400 --> 00:40:13,300
and Landing stability far harder
to maintain. 

709
00:40:15,000 --> 00:40:18,200
Whether this is what happened or
whether he took the other 

710
00:40:18,200 --> 00:40:21,600
functional parachute and simply 
got lucky with the fit is 

711
00:40:21,600 --> 00:40:23,900
another question. 
The evidence cannot close. 

712
00:40:24,700 --> 00:40:28,500
The case moved through the rest 
of the 1970s without resolution.

713
00:40:28,500 --> 00:40:33,500
And then on a cold morning in 
February of 1980, a 9 year old 

714
00:40:33,508 --> 00:40:36,500
boy named Brian Ingram was 
playing along the North Shore of

715
00:40:36,500 --> 00:40:40,900
the Columbia River at a sandbar 
called Tena bar, not far 

716
00:40:40,900 --> 00:40:42,500
Downstream from Vancouver 
Washington. 

717
00:40:43,500 --> 00:40:46,200
He was digging in the riverbank,
the way children, dig, wherever 

718
00:40:46,200 --> 00:40:49,700
sand, and the suggestion of 
buried treasure co-exist in the 

719
00:40:49,700 --> 00:40:54,100
same square foot of Earth. 
His fingers found something on 

720
00:40:54,100 --> 00:40:57,400
expected beneath the surface, he
pulled it free and showed it to 

721
00:40:57,400 --> 00:40:59,100
his family. 
It was money. 

722
00:41:00,000 --> 00:41:04,800
Old water damaged partially 
dissolved, 20 dollar bills bound

723
00:41:04,800 --> 00:41:07,100
together in bundles whose 
configuration match, the 

724
00:41:07,100 --> 00:41:10,700
original ramps and packaging. 
Exactly, some bills were 

725
00:41:10,700 --> 00:41:13,300
sufficiently legible to reveal 
their serial numbers. 

726
00:41:13,300 --> 00:41:18,000
The serial numbers match, the 
norjack Manifest The bills 

727
00:41:18,000 --> 00:41:21,100
recovered at Tena bar was 
subjected to the kind of French 

728
00:41:21,100 --> 00:41:24,100
attention that only a decade of 
accumulated. 

729
00:41:24,100 --> 00:41:28,200
Professional frustration can 
generate There were three 

730
00:41:28,200 --> 00:41:31,400
separate bundles. 
Together, they accounted for 

731
00:41:31,400 --> 00:41:36,200
approximately 5,800 dollars of 
the original 200,000. 

732
00:41:37,700 --> 00:41:40,900
Condition of the currency was 
poor in the particular way that 

733
00:41:40,900 --> 00:41:44,200
paper money becomes poor when it
has spent years in contact with 

734
00:41:44,200 --> 00:41:49,500
river water core sediment and 
the slow grinding patience of a 

735
00:41:49,500 --> 00:41:51,500
current that is nowhere to be an
any particular. 

736
00:41:51,500 --> 00:41:54,700
Hurry. 
Many bills are deteriorated at 

737
00:41:54,700 --> 00:41:57,700
the edges to the point where 
only fragments of paper remained

738
00:41:57,700 --> 00:42:01,000
within the bundle structure. 
Some serial numbers were 

739
00:42:01,000 --> 00:42:04,900
partially legible and required. 
Careful magnification and 

740
00:42:04,900 --> 00:42:07,300
systematic reconstruction to 
confirm. 

741
00:42:08,500 --> 00:42:10,900
The rubber bands holding the 
bundles together, were among the

742
00:42:10,900 --> 00:42:13,100
most telling details in the 
entire recovery. 

743
00:42:14,300 --> 00:42:17,100
They had retained their General 
shape and internal grouping, 

744
00:42:17,100 --> 00:42:20,400
which allowed investigators to 
confirm that the bundle 

745
00:42:20,400 --> 00:42:23,500
configuration's matched 
precisely the way, the ransom 

746
00:42:23,500 --> 00:42:26,000
had originally been packaged 
back at the bank in Seattle. 

747
00:42:27,100 --> 00:42:30,000
This was not loose currently 
scattered by a current and 

748
00:42:30,000 --> 00:42:33,400
accidentally reassembled by 
chance at a particular Bend in 

749
00:42:33,400 --> 00:42:36,100
the river. 
It was money that had come to 

750
00:42:36,108 --> 00:42:38,100
rest. 
At Tena bar, in roughly the same

751
00:42:38,100 --> 00:42:41,700
group state, that someone's 
hands had lost a ranged, it 9 

752
00:42:41,700 --> 00:42:45,100
years earlier. 
That raised a question that has 

753
00:42:45,100 --> 00:42:48,100
never been answered to anyone's 
complete satisfaction. 

754
00:42:49,300 --> 00:42:52,600
Tena bar sits along the Columbia
River Downstream from the 

755
00:42:52,600 --> 00:42:57,000
Confluence with the Lewis River.
Estimated Jump Zone based on the

756
00:42:57,000 --> 00:43:00,000
known flight path, and the 
timing of the aerodynamic 

757
00:43:00,000 --> 00:43:03,100
disturbances detected. 
By the cockpit crew is 

758
00:43:03,100 --> 00:43:07,000
considerably North and Inland of
that location up in the forested

759
00:43:07,000 --> 00:43:08,600
highlands above the river 
system. 

760
00:43:09,500 --> 00:43:13,900
If the money had simply Fallen 
with him and then being carried 

761
00:43:13,900 --> 00:43:16,400
through the river system, over 
the following years of weather 

762
00:43:16,400 --> 00:43:18,700
and runoff. 
It might eventually have 

763
00:43:18,700 --> 00:43:22,700
appeared somewhere Downstream. 
Physics of that pathway, at 

764
00:43:22,700 --> 00:43:25,800
least imaginable. 
But the geology is less 

765
00:43:25,800 --> 00:43:28,700
cooperative. 
When forensic geologists 

766
00:43:28,700 --> 00:43:32,000
examined, the sediment layer in 
which brine found the bills, 

767
00:43:32,000 --> 00:43:35,900
they determined that the sand 
appeared to predate the period 

768
00:43:35,900 --> 00:43:39,500
when the currency should have 
been deposited their base on the

769
00:43:39,500 --> 00:43:43,000
known timeline of the events. 
In other words, the layer of 

770
00:43:43,000 --> 00:43:45,800
Riverbank material surrounding 
the bills seem to have been laid

771
00:43:45,800 --> 00:43:50,200
down before November of 1971. 
Which is an impossibility of the

772
00:43:50,200 --> 00:43:52,100
money arrived at Tena bar after 
the jump. 

773
00:43:52,900 --> 00:43:55,800
Some investigators believe the 
sediment was Disturbed and 

774
00:43:55,800 --> 00:43:59,400
redeposited at later Point by 
flooding or dredging activity. 

775
00:44:00,000 --> 00:44:03,500
Making the geological dating and
unreliable guide to when the 

776
00:44:03,500 --> 00:44:07,400
currency actually arrived. 
Others have argued, the bills 

777
00:44:07,400 --> 00:44:10,000
reached Tena bar through a route
that had nothing to do with the 

778
00:44:10,008 --> 00:44:12,900
jump site at all. 
Some of raised the possibility 

779
00:44:12,900 --> 00:44:16,100
that the bills were placed their
deliberately by someone with 

780
00:44:16,100 --> 00:44:19,300
reasons that can no longer be 
reconstructed from the available

781
00:44:19,300 --> 00:44:22,800
evidence. 
The discovery breathed new 

782
00:44:22,800 --> 00:44:26,000
energy into nor Jack that the 
precise moment when the 

783
00:44:26,008 --> 00:44:30,000
investigation had begun to feel 
like a case from another chapter

784
00:44:30,000 --> 00:44:33,900
of American Life. 
The bureau reopen active lines 

785
00:44:33,900 --> 00:44:37,200
of inquiry new friends at 
testing was applied to the 

786
00:44:37,200 --> 00:44:40,100
recovered currency. 
The serial numbers were 

787
00:44:40,100 --> 00:44:43,100
reconfirmed to get the original 
manifest with absolute 

788
00:44:43,100 --> 00:44:46,400
certainly. 
The recovery site was documented

789
00:44:46,400 --> 00:44:50,400
in granular physical detail. 
Every neighbor within reasonable

790
00:44:50,400 --> 00:44:52,300
distance of Tina bar, was 
interviewed. 

791
00:44:52,300 --> 00:44:58,900
Nothing new emerged. 
The remaining 194,200 has never 

792
00:44:58,900 --> 00:45:02,800
been confirmed found anywhere. 
No, additional fragment of the 

793
00:45:02,800 --> 00:45:06,000
ransom has ever been 
definitively identified in any 

794
00:45:06,000 --> 00:45:09,900
subsequent search by any team 
using any method. 

795
00:45:11,300 --> 00:45:14,600
The forested terrain of South, 
Western Washington has been 

796
00:45:14,600 --> 00:45:17,200
searched and researched by 
investigators. 

797
00:45:17,200 --> 00:45:21,800
By amateur Enthusiast by people 
carrying metal detectors and 

798
00:45:21,808 --> 00:45:24,700
global positioning equipment 
that would have seemed like 

799
00:45:24,708 --> 00:45:29,200
science fiction in 1971 and by 
historians with a personal 

800
00:45:29,200 --> 00:45:32,600
investment in the mystery that 
goes well beyond casual 

801
00:45:32,600 --> 00:45:35,600
curiosity. 
None of them have produced 

802
00:45:35,600 --> 00:45:37,500
anything. 
That changes the fundamental 

803
00:45:37,500 --> 00:45:41,400
picture? 
One detail about the Tena bar 

804
00:45:41,400 --> 00:45:45,100
bills that investigators spent 
considerable time on was the 

805
00:45:45,100 --> 00:45:49,500
present of the rubber bands. 
Standard rubber bands, degrade 

806
00:45:49,500 --> 00:45:53,100
over years of outdoor exposure, 
they become brittle and they 

807
00:45:53,100 --> 00:45:54,900
crack. 
And they lose their elasticity 

808
00:45:54,900 --> 00:45:57,000
and eventually their physical 
integrity. 

809
00:45:58,200 --> 00:46:01,300
The rubber bands found wrapped 
around the bill bundles at Tena 

810
00:46:01,300 --> 00:46:04,500
bar, had survived in a condition
that suggested they had spent at

811
00:46:04,500 --> 00:46:06,900
least part of their time in a 
relatively protected 

812
00:46:06,900 --> 00:46:09,600
environment. 
Sheltered from the kind of 

813
00:46:09,600 --> 00:46:12,100
sustained exposure, that would 
destroy Robert quickly. 

814
00:46:13,000 --> 00:46:14,600
This detail does not 
conclusively. 

815
00:46:14,600 --> 00:46:16,800
Prove the money was stored 
somewhere before. 

816
00:46:16,800 --> 00:46:20,900
Arriving at Tena bar. 
But it sits uneasily, alongside 

817
00:46:20,900 --> 00:46:24,600
the sediment dating Ishu, adding
one more threat to a picture. 

818
00:46:24,600 --> 00:46:28,500
That was already more 
complicated than it looked You 

819
00:46:28,500 --> 00:46:30,900
rest there in the quiet of your 
room and consider the image of 

820
00:46:30,900 --> 00:46:33,900
200,000 dollars. 
Slowly returning to the forest 

821
00:46:33,900 --> 00:46:39,200
floor. 20 dollar bills settling 
into the mosque the rain 

822
00:46:39,200 --> 00:46:42,700
pressing them further down 
season by season the roots of 

823
00:46:42,700 --> 00:46:46,500
the Douglas Firs drawing them in
over the decades until the paper

824
00:46:46,500 --> 00:46:49,000
becomes indistinguishable from 
everything else. 

825
00:46:49,000 --> 00:46:51,100
The forest has absorbed over the
centuries. 

826
00:46:52,200 --> 00:46:53,800
Or you can consider the other 
image. 

827
00:46:54,600 --> 00:46:57,500
A man who survived the jump, 
worked his way through the Dark 

828
00:46:57,500 --> 00:47:01,200
Forest to a road and then to a 
town had breakfast somewhere 

829
00:47:01,200 --> 00:47:05,200
unremarkable and spent whatever 
years remained to hear him in a 

830
00:47:05,200 --> 00:47:07,900
house somewhere. 
Quiet, never spending any of the

831
00:47:07,900 --> 00:47:10,000
money for reasons that were 
entirely his own. 

832
00:47:11,000 --> 00:47:14,800
That possibility is never been 
closed, it has all so never been

833
00:47:14,800 --> 00:47:16,900
confirmed. 
Forest. 

834
00:47:16,900 --> 00:47:18,500
As does not volunteer 
explanation. 

835
00:47:18,500 --> 00:47:21,700
It's simply continues to be the 
forest. 

836
00:47:23,100 --> 00:47:26,800
The gallery of people formally 
investigated as potential DB 

837
00:47:26,800 --> 00:47:31,200
Cooper candidate's reads like a 
very specific kind of American 

838
00:47:31,200 --> 00:47:35,000
character study. 
Each one carries qualities, that

839
00:47:35,000 --> 00:47:37,900
made investigators look twice 
across a conference table. 

840
00:47:37,900 --> 00:47:42,100
Each one also carries a reasons 
why the case was never resolved 

841
00:47:42,100 --> 00:47:44,300
by pointing to them as the 
definitive answer. 

842
00:47:45,500 --> 00:47:48,800
Richard, Floyd McCoy Junior was 
the first major suspect to 

843
00:47:48,800 --> 00:47:54,200
attract serious and sustained 
attention in April of 1972, just

844
00:47:54,200 --> 00:47:56,000
four months. 
After the Cooper, hijacking 

845
00:47:56,000 --> 00:47:57,800
McCoy. 
Carried out, a strikingly 

846
00:47:57,800 --> 00:48:00,600
similar crime. 
He also hijacked a commercial 

847
00:48:00,600 --> 00:48:03,400
aircraft. 
He also demanded money and 

848
00:48:03,400 --> 00:48:06,200
parachutes. 
He also used the rear are stair 

849
00:48:06,200 --> 00:48:10,000
of a Boeing 727 to exit the 
aircraft in Flight over the 

850
00:48:10,000 --> 00:48:13,200
American West. 
He was caught because he made a 

851
00:48:13,200 --> 00:48:16,000
single operational. 
Error leaving a piece of 

852
00:48:16,000 --> 00:48:18,100
physical evidence aboard. 
The aircraft that led 

853
00:48:18,100 --> 00:48:22,100
investigators directly to his 
apartment and then to his front 

854
00:48:22,100 --> 00:48:24,600
door. 
His physical description 

855
00:48:24,600 --> 00:48:28,500
matched, multiple independent 
witness accounts of the Cooper 

856
00:48:28,500 --> 00:48:29,700
figure. 
Well enough to make 

857
00:48:29,700 --> 00:48:31,900
investigators sit forward in 
their chairs. 

858
00:48:33,400 --> 00:48:36,000
The Federal Bureau of 
Investigation, examined him 

859
00:48:36,000 --> 00:48:37,900
carefully, and ultimately 
concluded. 

860
00:48:37,900 --> 00:48:40,400
He was a different person from 
the one they were looking for. 

861
00:48:41,400 --> 00:48:44,100
He was shot and killed during an
escape from a federal 

862
00:48:44,100 --> 00:48:47,900
correctional facility in 1974. 
Taking what ever? 

863
00:48:47,900 --> 00:48:52,000
He knew with him permanently. 
Dwayne Webber became a subject 

864
00:48:52,000 --> 00:48:56,300
of Investigation after his death
in 1995, when his wife, Joe 

865
00:48:56,300 --> 00:48:59,100
Webber came forward with a 
claimed that he had made a 

866
00:48:59,100 --> 00:49:01,600
deathbed mission to her during 
his final days. 

867
00:49:02,500 --> 00:49:05,000
He had reportedly told her that 
he was Dan Cooper. 

868
00:49:05,800 --> 00:49:08,600
She noted that throughout their 
marriage, he had followed news 

869
00:49:08,600 --> 00:49:10,500
coverage of the Cooper case with
an intensity. 

870
00:49:10,500 --> 00:49:13,900
She had found unusual. 
Even for someone with a general 

871
00:49:13,900 --> 00:49:17,300
interest in crime stories, he 
had a knee injury. 

872
00:49:17,300 --> 00:49:20,100
He was never fully able to 
account for and among his 

873
00:49:20,100 --> 00:49:22,900
belongings after his death. 
She found a library book about 

874
00:49:22,900 --> 00:49:26,600
the hijacking with the name. 
Dan Cooper written in the 

875
00:49:26,600 --> 00:49:29,800
margins inside. 
The Federal Bureau of 

876
00:49:29,808 --> 00:49:32,900
Investigation, tested, 
biological material, from Duane 

877
00:49:32,900 --> 00:49:36,400
Weber against the DNA, profile 
extracted from the aircraft 

878
00:49:36,400 --> 00:49:40,100
evidence. 
It did not match Kenneth Peter, 

879
00:49:40,100 --> 00:49:43,800
Christiansen known to his family
and friends as Kenny. 

880
00:49:44,600 --> 00:49:47,400
Who was identified as a 
candidate after his death in 

881
00:49:47,400 --> 00:49:51,300
1994, primarily by his own 
brother Lyle. 

882
00:49:52,100 --> 00:49:55,800
Who came forward with the kind 
of quiet conviction that only 

883
00:49:55,800 --> 00:50:00,700
comes from years of private? 
Certainly Lyle Christianson, 

884
00:50:00,700 --> 00:50:03,600
noted that Kenny at worked for 
Northwest Orient Airlines. 

885
00:50:03,600 --> 00:50:07,200
As a flight person would have 
had detailed and intimate 

886
00:50:07,200 --> 00:50:11,400
familiarity with the aircraft, 
its operations, its crew 

887
00:50:11,400 --> 00:50:16,000
procedures, and its back stairs.
he'd received formal parachute 

888
00:50:16,000 --> 00:50:19,800
training during his military 
service, he is before His 

889
00:50:19,800 --> 00:50:22,600
physical appearance as described
by people who knew him. 

890
00:50:22,600 --> 00:50:26,400
Well, aligned with many of the 
witness accounts of Cooper's 

891
00:50:26,400 --> 00:50:29,800
build, and general coloring. 
He had lived for years on a 

892
00:50:29,800 --> 00:50:33,100
flight purses modest salary but 
somehow managed to purchase his 

893
00:50:33,100 --> 00:50:35,000
home outright with cash at some 
point. 

894
00:50:35,000 --> 00:50:38,200
In the Years, following the 
hijacking, without any visible 

895
00:50:38,200 --> 00:50:40,700
additional source of income, 
that anyone in his life could 

896
00:50:40,700 --> 00:50:45,500
identify And on his deathbed, he
had told his brother Lyle. 

897
00:50:45,500 --> 00:50:49,200
That there was something Lyle 
needed to know a sentence that 

898
00:50:49,200 --> 00:50:51,800
was never completed before death
made it permanent. 

899
00:50:52,800 --> 00:50:55,200
Investigators examined, him 
carefully. 

900
00:50:55,900 --> 00:50:58,900
They noted the specific and 
compelling quality of certain 

901
00:50:58,900 --> 00:51:02,300
details. 
The noted that his documented 

902
00:51:02,300 --> 00:51:05,600
High fell, somewhat short of the
most witnessed estimates Place 

903
00:51:05,600 --> 00:51:08,100
Cooper. 
And that DNA comparison was 

904
00:51:08,100 --> 00:51:11,100
inconclusive because of the 
quality of the biological 

905
00:51:11,100 --> 00:51:13,800
samples of available decades 
after his death. 

906
00:51:14,900 --> 00:51:19,300
The case remained, open Lin 
Doyle Cooper, known within his 

907
00:51:19,300 --> 00:51:23,300
family as Mr. L D, Cooper, was 
brought forward by his niece, 

908
00:51:23,300 --> 00:51:28,000
Malachi Cooper, in 2011. 
She described childhood memories

909
00:51:28,000 --> 00:51:29,500
of her. 
Uncle arriving at a family 

910
00:51:29,508 --> 00:51:31,200
gathering the day after the 
hijacking. 

911
00:51:31,200 --> 00:51:36,500
In 1971, his clothing. 
Dirty, his manner disoriented 

912
00:51:36,500 --> 00:51:38,800
and strange, his physical 
condition. 

913
00:51:38,800 --> 00:51:41,600
Suggesting some kind of recent 
injury that he was not 

914
00:51:41,600 --> 00:51:45,000
explaining clearly to anyone. 
She recalled him making 

915
00:51:45,000 --> 00:51:47,900
references. 
Oblique at first, and then more 

916
00:51:47,900 --> 00:51:50,300
direct. 
To have done something that 

917
00:51:50,300 --> 00:51:51,700
would change the things for the 
family. 

918
00:51:51,700 --> 00:51:55,000
And ways, he could not fully 
describe, he had military 

919
00:51:55,000 --> 00:51:57,400
experience. 
His physical build was 

920
00:51:57,400 --> 00:52:00,200
consistent with composite 
descriptions from the aircraft. 

921
00:52:01,100 --> 00:52:05,700
He died in 1999 the bureau 
obtained, a partial DNA, sample,

922
00:52:05,700 --> 00:52:08,000
and compared it against the 
aircraft profile. 

923
00:52:08,000 --> 00:52:11,100
The result was inconclusive. 
Robert. 

924
00:52:11,100 --> 00:52:14,500
Wesley rackstraw became perhaps 
the most publicly persistent 

925
00:52:14,500 --> 00:52:18,200
suspect of the modern era of the
investigation. 

926
00:52:19,100 --> 00:52:22,200
A former Army paratrooper with a
documented history of 

927
00:52:22,200 --> 00:52:27,200
impersonation fraud, identity 
construction and a general 

928
00:52:27,200 --> 00:52:30,400
comfort with inhabiting 
alternative versions of himself.

929
00:52:31,300 --> 00:52:34,600
he had been examined as a 
potential suspect, even during 

930
00:52:34,600 --> 00:52:39,000
the original nor jacking Quarry 
and then set aside, He was 

931
00:52:39,008 --> 00:52:42,400
Revisited decades later when 
renewed public interest, in the 

932
00:52:42,408 --> 00:52:44,600
case, brought his profile back 
into Focus. 

933
00:52:45,500 --> 00:52:49,200
He appeared on television more 
than once declining to confirm 

934
00:52:49,200 --> 00:52:51,800
or deny anything. 
With the particular manner of a 

935
00:52:51,800 --> 00:52:54,200
man who found the entire 
situation, genuinely 

936
00:52:54,200 --> 00:52:57,600
entertaining and was not in any 
rush to end the entertainment. 

937
00:52:58,600 --> 00:53:02,200
Team of private investigators 
using cryptographic analysis. 

938
00:53:02,200 --> 00:53:05,500
Believe they had found coded 
messages embedded in letters 

939
00:53:05,500 --> 00:53:07,700
raxter had sent During the 
period of Investigation 

940
00:53:07,700 --> 00:53:10,900
messages. 
They argued, constituted a 

941
00:53:10,900 --> 00:53:14,700
carefully constructed veiled 
confession, spanning years The 

942
00:53:14,708 --> 00:53:17,600
Federal Bureau of Investigation 
reviewed this work and was not 

943
00:53:17,600 --> 00:53:21,700
persuaded by the methodology. 
rackstraw died in the summer of 

944
00:53:21,700 --> 00:53:25,600
2019 without having confirmed 
anything in a form that carried,

945
00:53:25,600 --> 00:53:29,200
legal weight, leaving his 
connection to the case, exactly 

946
00:53:29,200 --> 00:53:32,900
where it always been suspended 
between the interesting and the 

947
00:53:32,900 --> 00:53:36,200
unresolvable Beyond these 
prominent names, the 

948
00:53:36,200 --> 00:53:40,600
investigation examine skydivers 
military, veterans, construction

949
00:53:40,600 --> 00:53:45,300
workers, commercial pilots 
Freight, Handlers and dozens of 

950
00:53:45,300 --> 00:53:47,800
ordinary people whose friends or
family members had become 

951
00:53:47,800 --> 00:53:51,600
convinced for reasons that felt 
compelling in the privacy of 

952
00:53:51,600 --> 00:53:54,000
their own knowledge. 
That they were looking at the 

953
00:53:54,000 --> 00:53:57,100
answer to something that had 
resisted answering for decades. 

954
00:53:57,900 --> 00:54:00,400
The bureau followed each lead 
with the same professional, 

955
00:54:00,400 --> 00:54:03,500
thoroughness it, applied to all 
the others, none of them 

956
00:54:03,500 --> 00:54:07,400
resolved, the central question 
it is worth pausing on the sheer

957
00:54:07,400 --> 00:54:10,800
volume of tips that arrived over
the decades because that volume 

958
00:54:10,800 --> 00:54:13,400
says something. 
Interesting, about the case and 

959
00:54:13,400 --> 00:54:14,600
about the people who followed 
it. 

960
00:54:15,300 --> 00:54:18,800
Nor Jack generated more 
unsolicited public tips than 

961
00:54:18,800 --> 00:54:21,000
almost any case in the bureau's 
modern history. 

962
00:54:21,900 --> 00:54:24,600
People wrote letters from 
nursing homes, they sent 

963
00:54:24,608 --> 00:54:27,200
photographs, and annotated 
magazine articles. 

964
00:54:27,200 --> 00:54:30,400
This emitted, theories 
developed, over years of private

965
00:54:30,400 --> 00:54:32,800
research. 
They were not all credulous 

966
00:54:32,800 --> 00:54:36,500
people acting on Hunters. 
Some of them were engineers and 

967
00:54:36,500 --> 00:54:39,400
pilots and Military 
professionals who would work 

968
00:54:39,400 --> 00:54:42,500
through the technical parameters
of the jump with genuine rigor 

969
00:54:42,500 --> 00:54:46,000
and arrived at specific. 
Conclusions about what would 

970
00:54:46,000 --> 00:54:51,200
have been survival and what 
would not The case, attracted a 

971
00:54:51,200 --> 00:54:52,700
particular kind of thinking 
person. 

972
00:54:53,600 --> 00:54:55,800
Kind who cannot leave an open 
problem alone. 

973
00:54:55,800 --> 00:55:00,100
Once they have noticed it, None 
of them solved it either, which 

974
00:55:00,100 --> 00:55:04,600
is its own kind of data point. 
There is something worth sitting

975
00:55:04,600 --> 00:55:06,800
within this particular gallery 
of suspects. 

976
00:55:06,800 --> 00:55:10,000
Something that says as much, 
about the case as any individual

977
00:55:10,000 --> 00:55:14,000
forensic detail, Every serious 
candidate shares certain 

978
00:55:14,000 --> 00:55:17,400
qualities. 
Military background or at least 

979
00:55:17,400 --> 00:55:19,300
parachute training of a formal 
kind. 

980
00:55:20,300 --> 00:55:23,100
Familiarity with aircraft 
operations at a level beyond 

981
00:55:23,100 --> 00:55:26,500
that of a casual Traveler. 
Physical description that 

982
00:55:26,500 --> 00:55:28,400
matched. 
The composite sketches closely 

983
00:55:28,400 --> 00:55:30,100
enough to Warrant sustained 
attention. 

984
00:55:31,100 --> 00:55:33,100
And a gap somewhere in their 
personal history. 

985
00:55:33,100 --> 00:55:37,900
An unexplained windfall, a 
deathbed statement that arrived 

986
00:55:37,900 --> 00:55:42,000
just slightly too late, a habit 
of watching Cooper related news 

987
00:55:42,000 --> 00:55:45,300
coverage with eyes that held 
more in them than casual 

988
00:55:45,300 --> 00:55:48,600
interest. 
These shared qualities, suggest 

989
00:55:48,600 --> 00:55:51,700
something real about the man who
called himself Dan Cooper at the

990
00:55:51,708 --> 00:55:54,800
Portland ticket counter. 
He was almost certainly not 

991
00:55:54,800 --> 00:55:57,900
young when he did this. 
He was almost certainly someone 

992
00:55:57,900 --> 00:56:00,900
who had served in the military 
and a jumped from aircraft 

993
00:56:00,900 --> 00:56:03,900
before under conditions, that 
talked him what the experience 

994
00:56:03,900 --> 00:56:07,600
actually felt like He was 
physically capable enough to 

995
00:56:07,600 --> 00:56:10,800
attempt to night time Jump in 
November, conditions over 

996
00:56:10,800 --> 00:56:14,400
Pacific Northwest terrain and 
believe he might survive it. 

997
00:56:15,600 --> 00:56:19,500
He had done enough research to 
know about the 727s rear stare 

998
00:56:19,500 --> 00:56:23,200
and to understand what altitude 
and AirSpeed would give him the 

999
00:56:23,200 --> 00:56:26,600
best chance of getting away 
without dying on the way down. 

1000
00:56:27,800 --> 00:56:30,200
He also had the temperament to 
sit in a cabin full of 

1001
00:56:30,208 --> 00:56:32,600
strangers, for hours. 
Calm. 

1002
00:56:32,600 --> 00:56:35,700
And unhurried, without any 
outward, trembling of the plan, 

1003
00:56:35,700 --> 00:56:39,800
he was holding inside him. 
That last quality is not listed 

1004
00:56:39,800 --> 00:56:43,800
in any composite sketch. 
It is not measurable by forensic

1005
00:56:43,800 --> 00:56:46,400
analysis. 
But it may be the most revealing

1006
00:56:46,400 --> 00:56:49,400
thing, we know about him because
it Narrows the field more 

1007
00:56:49,400 --> 00:56:52,000
effectively than any physical 
description ever could. 

1008
00:56:53,600 --> 00:56:57,200
Federal Bureau of Investigation,
officially suspended, active 

1009
00:56:57,200 --> 00:57:00,500
investigation of nor Jack in 
July of 2016. 

1010
00:57:01,500 --> 00:57:04,600
More than 44 years after the 
hijacking took place. 

1011
00:57:05,600 --> 00:57:08,900
The decision was framed as a 
matter of resource allocation 

1012
00:57:08,900 --> 00:57:12,900
which is the Practical language 
Lodge in institutions use when 

1013
00:57:12,900 --> 00:57:15,800
they are making decisions that 
have an emotional Dimension, 

1014
00:57:15,800 --> 00:57:18,800
they cannot fully address in 
official memorandum. 

1015
00:57:20,600 --> 00:57:24,200
After four and a half decades, 
the bureau determined that the 

1016
00:57:24,200 --> 00:57:27,000
likelihood of recovering new 
actionable, evidence had fallen 

1017
00:57:27,000 --> 00:57:30,700
below the threshold that 
justified maintaining a fully 

1018
00:57:30,700 --> 00:57:35,700
resourced, active investigation.
The case File would remain open.

1019
00:57:36,600 --> 00:57:39,300
The preserved physical evidence 
would remain in custody. 

1020
00:57:40,300 --> 00:57:42,000
Tips. 
And new information would still 

1021
00:57:42,000 --> 00:57:46,400
be received and evaluated. 
But nor Jack as a living and 

1022
00:57:46,408 --> 00:57:49,300
actively staffed investigation 
was finished. 

1023
00:57:50,500 --> 00:57:52,200
The announcement was met with a 
reaction. 

1024
00:57:52,200 --> 00:57:54,200
That surprised no one who 
understood. 

1025
00:57:54,200 --> 00:57:57,200
Why this particular case had 
endured so long in the public 

1026
00:57:57,200 --> 00:58:00,200
imagination. 
People were upset. 

1027
00:58:01,000 --> 00:58:04,700
Not dramatically upset. 
Not the organized kind of upset 

1028
00:58:04,700 --> 00:58:08,900
that produces formal protests or
Congressional inquiries, but the

1029
00:58:08,900 --> 00:58:12,100
choir to kind that comes from 
feeling that a story you've been

1030
00:58:12,108 --> 00:58:15,600
following for most of your adult
life has simply been set aside 

1031
00:58:15,600 --> 00:58:19,600
without a proper ending. 
America's had grown up with this

1032
00:58:19,600 --> 00:58:21,600
case. 
It had been with them. 

1033
00:58:21,600 --> 00:58:25,200
The way certain unresolved 
questions are with you, not 

1034
00:58:25,200 --> 00:58:28,500
constantly, but reliably 
present, whenever the subject 

1035
00:58:28,500 --> 00:58:32,000
came around, The case of 
outlasted, the original 

1036
00:58:32,000 --> 00:58:36,900
investigators who worked it. 
It did outlasted the Boeing 727 

1037
00:58:36,900 --> 00:58:40,500
involved in the hijacking which 
was retired from service and 

1038
00:58:40,500 --> 00:58:44,200
eventually scrapped it out 
lasted most of the witnesses Who

1039
00:58:44,200 --> 00:58:48,200
provided accounts of the man in 
Row 18 and it had outlasted in 

1040
00:58:48,200 --> 00:58:49,600
all probability. 
The man himself. 

1041
00:58:51,000 --> 00:58:52,900
The honest accounting of what 
four and a half. 

1042
00:58:52,900 --> 00:58:56,100
Decades of Investigation 
actually established is both 

1043
00:58:56,100 --> 00:58:59,000
more substantial and more 
frustrating than any single 

1044
00:58:59,000 --> 00:59:02,900
summary can capture. 
Investigators know that a man 

1045
00:59:02,908 --> 00:59:04,400
purchased a ticket under the 
name. 

1046
00:59:04,400 --> 00:59:09,100
Dan Cooper in Portland Oregon on
November 24th 1971. 

1047
00:59:10,200 --> 00:59:13,200
They know he had working 
knowledge of Boeing 727 

1048
00:59:13,200 --> 00:59:15,300
operations that went beyond 
General familiarity. 

1049
00:59:16,700 --> 00:59:19,400
They know he had at least basic 
knowledge of parachutes and 

1050
00:59:19,400 --> 00:59:22,500
parachute, use sufficient to 
incorporate them coherently into

1051
00:59:22,500 --> 00:59:25,700
a detailed plan. 
They know he consumed bourbon 

1052
00:59:25,700 --> 00:59:28,000
during a flight. 
He had just hijacked which 

1053
00:59:28,000 --> 00:59:31,300
either speaks to a pretor 
natural composure or to a 

1054
00:59:31,300 --> 00:59:34,100
relationship with risk that most
people never develop and could 

1055
00:59:34,100 --> 00:59:38,000
not sustain even briefly. 
They know he stepped off the 

1056
00:59:38,000 --> 00:59:40,200
rear air of that aircraft 
somewhere. 

1057
00:59:40,200 --> 00:59:44,100
Over South Western Washington at
approximately 8:23 in the 

1058
00:59:44,100 --> 00:59:46,000
evening during a rainstorm in 
November. 

1059
00:59:46,900 --> 00:59:49,500
Carrying two parachutes and 
200,000 dollars. 

1060
00:59:50,500 --> 00:59:53,800
They know that three bundles of 
his Ransom currency appeared 

1061
00:59:53,800 --> 00:59:56,900
along the Columbia River. 
Nine years later in a location 

1062
00:59:56,900 --> 01:00:00,300
and condition, that raised more 
questions than it resolved. 

1063
01:00:00,300 --> 01:00:03,900
They know that every viable, 
suspect produced over four and a

1064
01:00:03,908 --> 01:00:06,100
half. 
Decades of Investigation fail to

1065
01:00:06,100 --> 01:00:10,100
yield a definitive match against
the biological evidence or a 

1066
01:00:10,100 --> 01:00:13,100
legally admissible confession. 
And they know that the 

1067
01:00:13,100 --> 01:00:16,100
Wilderness of Southwestern 
Washington has never returned 

1068
01:00:16,100 --> 01:00:19,300
anything that answered the 
simplest and most persistent 

1069
01:00:19,300 --> 01:00:23,900
question of the entire case. 
It is also worth noting, what 

1070
01:00:23,900 --> 01:00:26,100
the investigation was never able
to establish. 

1071
01:00:27,200 --> 01:00:30,900
Investigators were never able to
determine with certainty whether

1072
01:00:30,900 --> 01:00:33,900
he had any criminal history 
prior to the hijacking. 

1073
01:00:34,700 --> 01:00:36,900
They were never able to 
establish where he had received 

1074
01:00:36,900 --> 01:00:41,200
parachute training or when or 
under what circumstances they 

1075
01:00:41,200 --> 01:00:44,300
were never able to confirm 
whether he acted alone or 

1076
01:00:44,300 --> 01:00:46,300
whether someone on the ground 
was waiting for him. 

1077
01:00:46,300 --> 01:00:49,100
After the jump with the vehicle 
and a plan for the next phase. 

1078
01:00:49,800 --> 01:00:52,100
They were never able to 
determine the actual place of 

1079
01:00:52,100 --> 01:00:55,100
his birth, his employment. 
At the time of the hijacking, 

1080
01:00:55,100 --> 01:00:58,500
his military service record. 
If he had one or what brought 

1081
01:00:58,500 --> 01:01:00,900
him to Portland International 
Airport on that particular 

1082
01:01:00,900 --> 01:01:03,100
November, after noon, rather 
than any other. 

1083
01:01:04,200 --> 01:01:07,300
The total picture is of a man 
who arrived fully formed out of 

1084
01:01:07,308 --> 01:01:11,900
nowhere, did an extraordinary 
thing and then receded back into

1085
01:01:11,900 --> 01:01:13,900
nowhere with the same 
completeness. 

1086
01:01:15,000 --> 01:01:17,600
That kind of thorough 
disappearance is not easy to 

1087
01:01:17,608 --> 01:01:21,300
achieve by accident. 
It takes intention and 

1088
01:01:21,300 --> 01:01:24,500
preparation and a genuine 
understanding of how 

1089
01:01:24,500 --> 01:01:26,900
investigations work and what 
they need to function. 

1090
01:01:27,700 --> 01:01:31,300
Did he survive the arguments 
against survival are formidable 

1091
01:01:31,300 --> 01:01:33,300
and deserve to be taken? 
Seriously? 

1092
01:01:33,300 --> 01:01:36,200
The jump conditions that 
November night? 

1093
01:01:36,200 --> 01:01:39,200
Were extraordinarily hostile by 
any technical measure? 

1094
01:01:40,200 --> 01:01:43,700
Experienced skydivers who have 
reviewed the known parameters of

1095
01:01:43,700 --> 01:01:47,200
the exit, the altitude, the 
airspeed, the temperature, the 

1096
01:01:47,200 --> 01:01:51,600
terrain below, the wind velocity
and direction at altitude have 

1097
01:01:51,600 --> 01:01:54,800
consistently expressed serious, 
doubt that an untrained or 

1098
01:01:54,808 --> 01:01:57,800
lightly trained jumper could 
have reached the ground in 

1099
01:01:57,800 --> 01:02:01,000
functional condition. 
The equipment, he carried 

1100
01:02:01,000 --> 01:02:04,400
included, one Reserve, parachute
that was non-deployable, which 

1101
01:02:04,400 --> 01:02:07,000
races the uncomfortable 
possibility that he may have 

1102
01:02:07,000 --> 01:02:10,300
jumped with a shoot. 
He believed was real and that 

1103
01:02:10,300 --> 01:02:13,100
would not open regardless of 
what he did with the ripcord. 

1104
01:02:14,300 --> 01:02:16,900
The absence of his body in the 
search area is notable. 

1105
01:02:17,600 --> 01:02:20,900
But the Pacific Northwest 
Terrain in that region is dense 

1106
01:02:20,900 --> 01:02:24,800
enough remote enough and given 
to seasonal flooding strongly 

1107
01:02:24,800 --> 01:02:28,000
enough that a body could remain 
undiscovered for a very long 

1108
01:02:28,000 --> 01:02:30,800
time. 
The arguments for survival are 

1109
01:02:30,800 --> 01:02:33,600
harder to dismiss than a first 
reading suggests. 

1110
01:02:34,300 --> 01:02:37,700
No body was ever found and the 
searches were not trivial. 

1111
01:02:38,500 --> 01:02:41,900
In cases where people die and 
Wilderness areas of this region,

1112
01:02:41,900 --> 01:02:44,000
they are generally found 
eventually. 

1113
01:02:45,000 --> 01:02:48,000
The recovery of the Tena bar, 
money badly, degraded, and 

1114
01:02:48,000 --> 01:02:50,900
Riverwalk. 
As it was suggest that at least 

1115
01:02:50,900 --> 01:02:52,900
some of what he carried made it 
to the ground. 

1116
01:02:52,900 --> 01:02:56,500
And then into the river system 
rather than remaining pinned in 

1117
01:02:56,508 --> 01:02:59,100
a forest canopy or buried under 
Mountain snowpack. 

1118
01:03:00,000 --> 01:03:03,600
Something descended something 
reached the ground in a form 

1119
01:03:03,600 --> 01:03:05,000
that could then travel through 
water. 

1120
01:03:05,900 --> 01:03:08,400
There is also the testimony of 
the flight crew to consider 

1121
01:03:09,200 --> 01:03:11,200
Captain Scott. 
And the other crew members who 

1122
01:03:11,200 --> 01:03:14,300
were present noted in their 
independent accounts that the 

1123
01:03:14,300 --> 01:03:16,800
man they were dealing with 
throughout that day seemed to 

1124
01:03:16,800 --> 01:03:18,500
genuinely know what he was 
doing. 

1125
01:03:19,500 --> 01:03:22,000
Not the tentative knowledge of 
someone who had read about 

1126
01:03:22,000 --> 01:03:25,400
parachutes and a library. 
The operational knowledge of 

1127
01:03:25,400 --> 01:03:29,200
someone who had used them that 
quality of competence does not 

1128
01:03:29,200 --> 01:03:31,500
guarantee survive in bad 
conditions. 

1129
01:03:32,200 --> 01:03:35,500
But it shifts the probability 
calculation at least somewhat, 

1130
01:03:35,500 --> 01:03:38,900
or the possibility that he 
understood the risks and had 

1131
01:03:38,900 --> 01:03:42,600
taken them on with open eyes. 
The tenor bar money generates 

1132
01:03:42,600 --> 01:03:45,600
its own enduring debate, 
separate from the survival 

1133
01:03:45,600 --> 01:03:48,100
question. 
If he died in the wilderness 

1134
01:03:48,100 --> 01:03:51,600
shortly after the jump, what 
path did the Money travel from 

1135
01:03:51,600 --> 01:03:53,800
that Forest to the Columbia 
River at Tena bar? 

1136
01:03:55,100 --> 01:03:58,000
The river is not near the 
projected, Jump Zone in any way 

1137
01:03:58,000 --> 01:04:02,100
that suggests a simple and 
direct Downstream Journey. 

1138
01:04:03,400 --> 01:04:07,000
The money was somehow placed at 
Tena bar deliberately by who's 

1139
01:04:07,008 --> 01:04:11,200
hands, and toward what purpose 
if he survived, and eventually 

1140
01:04:11,200 --> 01:04:14,700
decided to dispose of the ransom
rather than spend it. 

1141
01:04:14,700 --> 01:04:18,000
Why put it at Tena bar in a man 
of that would lead to its 

1142
01:04:18,000 --> 01:04:20,400
Discovery by a child digging in 
the sand. 

1143
01:04:20,400 --> 01:04:24,700
A decade later rather than 
burning it quietly or scattering

1144
01:04:24,700 --> 01:04:28,100
it Beyond recovery. 
None of these questions have 

1145
01:04:28,100 --> 01:04:30,800
clean answers. 
They each open in to other 

1146
01:04:30,800 --> 01:04:33,500
questions. 
Those questions open into other 

1147
01:04:33,500 --> 01:04:36,900
still, at the end of the chain 
there is simply the November 

1148
01:04:36,900 --> 01:04:40,700
dark over the Cascade and a man 
stepping backward offer 

1149
01:04:40,700 --> 01:04:44,600
staircase in to the Rain. 
The case rewards a particular 

1150
01:04:44,600 --> 01:04:47,800
kind of mind. 
Kind, that is genuinely 

1151
01:04:47,800 --> 01:04:51,300
comfortable sitting with 
ambiguity, without filling it in

1152
01:04:51,300 --> 01:04:53,300
prematurely with a satisfying 
story. 

1153
01:04:54,800 --> 01:04:58,700
Most Mysteries give enough time 
and enough investigative effort 

1154
01:04:58,700 --> 01:05:01,900
yield eventually to the 
accumulated weight of evidence. 

1155
01:05:01,900 --> 01:05:06,800
They close cases closed nor Jack
did not close. 

1156
01:05:07,700 --> 01:05:11,100
It remains suspended between its
facts and its open questions. 

1157
01:05:11,100 --> 01:05:14,600
A file that is technically 
active and practically 

1158
01:05:14,600 --> 01:05:17,700
unanswerable waiting in a 
storage room in the same 

1159
01:05:17,700 --> 01:05:19,700
patient. 
Way that the Wilderness outside 

1160
01:05:19,700 --> 01:05:23,100
waited for anyone to come 
looking There are something 

1161
01:05:23,100 --> 01:05:26,300
almost filler sophocle fitting 
about that suspension. 

1162
01:05:26,300 --> 01:05:31,100
Once you sit with it long 
enough, a man chose anonymity as

1163
01:05:31,100 --> 01:05:33,300
his primary tool and used it 
with a discipline. 

1164
01:05:33,300 --> 01:05:36,700
So, sustained that the resources
of one of the world's most 

1165
01:05:36,700 --> 01:05:40,400
sophisticated Lauren forcement, 
organization's could not fully 

1166
01:05:40,400 --> 01:05:44,100
penetrated across nearly half a 
century of serious effort. 

1167
01:05:44,100 --> 01:05:47,800
He may have died within minutes 
of stepping off that aircraft in

1168
01:05:47,800 --> 01:05:50,200
to the wet dark. 
He may have walked out of the 

1169
01:05:50,208 --> 01:05:52,700
Oregon Wilderness. 
The following morning stopped 

1170
01:05:52,700 --> 01:05:56,200
for coffee somewhere and lived 
quietly for another 20 or 30 

1171
01:05:56,200 --> 01:05:58,000
years in a house where no one 
knew to look. 

1172
01:05:58,900 --> 01:06:01,800
He may be someone whose name 
passed through the investigation

1173
01:06:01,800 --> 01:06:05,000
and was ruled out. 
He may be someone whose name 

1174
01:06:05,000 --> 01:06:08,500
never appeared at all. 
The titanium particles on his 

1175
01:06:08,500 --> 01:06:11,100
abandoned tie suggest an 
industrial life. 

1176
01:06:11,800 --> 01:06:14,800
Someone who worked near large 
machines and specialized 

1177
01:06:14,800 --> 01:06:19,000
materials the bourbon, and the 
composure together, suggests a 

1178
01:06:19,000 --> 01:06:21,700
person who had a reached, some 
particular accommodation with 

1179
01:06:21,700 --> 01:06:25,200
risk that most people never 
arrived at. the specific 

1180
01:06:25,200 --> 01:06:28,900
Precision of his demands, the 
altitude, the airspeed, the gear

1181
01:06:28,900 --> 01:06:32,400
position, the number of 
parachutes suggest someone who 

1182
01:06:32,400 --> 01:06:35,800
had imagined this exact after 
noon, for a long time before he 

1183
01:06:35,800 --> 01:06:40,100
lived it, And then the clouds of
the Pacific Northwest took him 

1184
01:06:40,100 --> 01:06:41,800
the way. 
Those clouds, eventually, take 

1185
01:06:41,800 --> 01:06:47,700
everything Without explanation. 
And without ceremony, the forest

1186
01:06:47,700 --> 01:06:51,700
below is the same Forest. 
It was in November of 1971. 

1187
01:06:52,700 --> 01:06:55,500
The Columbia River still moves 
through the same long curves 

1188
01:06:55,500 --> 01:06:59,500
natina bar? 
A small piece of the 727s rear 

1189
01:06:59,500 --> 01:07:02,900
air mechanism was preserved by 
the Federal Bureau of 

1190
01:07:02,900 --> 01:07:05,900
Investigation as physical 
evidence and remaining and 

1191
01:07:05,908 --> 01:07:10,000
custardy. 
The serial numbers from 10,020 

1192
01:07:10,000 --> 01:07:12,300
bills exist in a database 
somewhere. 

1193
01:07:13,400 --> 01:07:15,100
Waiting for a match, that does 
not come. 

1194
01:07:16,300 --> 01:07:19,600
Somewhere inside the accumulated
record of one of the strangest 

1195
01:07:19,600 --> 01:07:21,800
evenings in the history of 
American Crime. 

1196
01:07:21,800 --> 01:07:26,100
A man in a dark business suit, 
and a clip-on tie finishes, his 

1197
01:07:26,100 --> 01:07:29,000
bourbon at altitude and waits 
for Seattle to call back. 

1198
01:07:29,900 --> 01:07:32,600
He is still waiting. 
And the only way that stories 

1199
01:07:32,600 --> 01:07:36,400
wait which is inside the telling
of them and inside the quiet 

1200
01:07:36,400 --> 01:07:41,200
moment, just after the telling 
ends what makes DB Cooper Endura

1201
01:07:41,200 --> 01:07:45,300
in the American imagination when
other unsolved cases of faded is

1202
01:07:45,300 --> 01:07:48,200
a question that gets discussed 
less often than the case itself.

1203
01:07:49,200 --> 01:07:53,000
Part of the answer is simple. 
He did not hurt anyone. 

1204
01:07:53,700 --> 01:07:58,000
He was polite, almost absurdly. 
So, throughout an act of federal

1205
01:07:58,000 --> 01:08:01,400
crime that carried a potential 
sentence of decades. 

1206
01:08:02,200 --> 01:08:05,400
He had a plan with internal 
logic that investigators and 

1207
01:08:05,400 --> 01:08:08,400
hobbyists alike found 
intellectually engaging rather 

1208
01:08:08,400 --> 01:08:12,100
than disturbing. 
He was in the vocabulary of 

1209
01:08:12,100 --> 01:08:14,000
crime. 
A gentleman Bandit. 

1210
01:08:15,200 --> 01:08:18,399
Type that American popular 
culture has always found easier 

1211
01:08:18,399 --> 01:08:21,800
to root for than to condemn. 
Even when the act itself was on 

1212
01:08:21,800 --> 01:08:28,000
Ambiguously illegal, Part of the
answer is also the timing. 1971 

1213
01:08:28,000 --> 01:08:31,500
was not a Placid year. 
The Vietnam War was grinding 

1214
01:08:31,500 --> 01:08:35,100
towards its Final Phase. 
Watergate was a year away. 

1215
01:08:36,000 --> 01:08:38,600
The decade as a whole carried, a
particular quality of 

1216
01:08:38,600 --> 01:08:42,200
institutional distrust that made
a loan individual out. 

1217
01:08:42,200 --> 01:08:46,700
Maneuvering a major airline and 
the federal government feel to a

1218
01:08:46,700 --> 01:08:49,300
certain portion of the public, 
like something almost worth 

1219
01:08:49,300 --> 01:08:51,600
celebrating. 
He was not a hero. 

1220
01:08:52,500 --> 01:08:55,500
But he occupied the cultural 
space that hero sometimes lead 

1221
01:08:55,500 --> 01:08:57,100
behind when they are 
unavailable. 

1222
01:08:57,800 --> 01:09:00,100
And part of the answer is simply
that he disappeared. 

1223
01:09:01,000 --> 01:09:03,200
A criminal who is caught 
provides a resolution? 

1224
01:09:04,200 --> 01:09:06,399
Story that ends with an arrest 
and a trial. 

1225
01:09:06,399 --> 01:09:08,899
And a sentence is a story with a
final page. 

1226
01:09:09,899 --> 01:09:12,600
DB Cooper never gave the story a
final page. 

1227
01:09:12,600 --> 01:09:16,000
He stepped off a staircase in 
the dark and left the narrative 

1228
01:09:16,000 --> 01:09:19,600
open and it has been open ever 
since waiting for whoever is 

1229
01:09:19,600 --> 01:09:22,800
willing to sit with it. 
You are willing to sit with it. 

1230
01:09:22,800 --> 01:09:27,800
You always have been that is why
you're still awake right now 

1231
01:09:27,800 --> 01:09:32,300
thinking about a man in a dark 
suit and a clip on tie drinking 

1232
01:09:32,300 --> 01:09:36,600
bourbon at altitude in 1971 
while the clouds of the Pacific 

1233
01:09:36,600 --> 01:09:39,600
Northwest gather themselves 
below Sleep. 

1234
01:09:39,600 --> 01:09:43,500
Well, my tire detectives the 
case will still be unsolved in 

1235
01:09:43,500 --> 01:09:47,000
the morning and somehow that is 
exactly the right note to drift 

1236
01:09:47,000 --> 01:09:49,800
away on. 
If you found this one worth 

1237
01:09:49,800 --> 01:09:52,600
settling in for, you know, where
to find the next one. 

1238
01:09:53,399 --> 01:09:56,500
The light is always low here and
there is always another story 

1239
01:09:56,500 --> 01:09:58,500
waiting, just below the surface 
of the world. 

1240
01:09:58,500 --> 01:10:06,300
You think you already know? 
Tinged with something 

1241
01:10:06,300 --> 01:10:09,200
indefinable. 
But perhaps awareness of time, 

1242
01:10:09,200 --> 01:10:12,500
passing of this Voyage 
representing a brief moment 

1243
01:10:12,500 --> 01:10:16,400
outside ordinary life. 
Tomorrow Titanic will be further

1244
01:10:16,400 --> 01:10:21,000
across the Atlantic the day 
after further still Eventually, 

1245
01:10:21,000 --> 01:10:25,200
this Floating Palace existence 
will end returning us all to 

1246
01:10:25,200 --> 01:10:27,600
normal life for sure but not 
tonight. 

1247
01:10:28,400 --> 01:10:31,800
Tonight, you're here, listening 
to piano music in an elegant 

1248
01:10:31,800 --> 01:10:35,800
Lounge, surrounded by strangers,
becoming friends carried across 

1249
01:10:35,808 --> 01:10:37,900
the ocean, by the extraordinary 
ship. 

1250
01:10:37,900 --> 01:10:41,900
Tonight is Enough by the third 
day aboard, you've begun to 

1251
01:10:41,900 --> 01:10:46,000
recognize faces and remember 
names the ship social world is 

1252
01:10:46,000 --> 01:10:48,600
organized itself into loose 
groups, based on shared 

1253
01:10:48,600 --> 01:10:50,700
interests and compatible 
personalities. 

1254
01:10:50,700 --> 01:10:54,500
You find yourself drawn to a 
particular cluster of passengers

1255
01:10:54,500 --> 01:10:58,000
who Gather in the lounge after 
breakfast, a mix of Ages and 

1256
01:10:58,000 --> 01:11:01,900
backgrounds United by curiosity 
about fellow Travelers and 

1257
01:11:01,900 --> 01:11:06,100
enjoyment of good conversation. 
The core group includes Margaret

1258
01:11:06,100 --> 01:11:09,900
a widow from Boston with sharp 
wit and bottomless energy. 

1259
01:11:09,900 --> 01:11:14,100
Thomas a banker from 
Philadelphia who collects rare 

1260
01:11:14,100 --> 01:11:16,100
books and loves to discussing 
literature. 

1261
01:11:16,100 --> 01:11:19,800
Edward a British Diplomat 
returning from posting in 

1262
01:11:19,808 --> 01:11:24,400
Washington Sarah a young woman 
traveling with her considerably 

1263
01:11:24,400 --> 01:11:27,800
older, Aunt, both heading to 
Italy for an extended stay. 

1264
01:11:27,800 --> 01:11:31,700
And you the Observer who 
sometimes becomes a participant,

1265
01:11:31,700 --> 01:11:36,500
your conversations range widely.
Margaret tells stories about 

1266
01:11:36,500 --> 01:11:40,200
Boston and Society with humor, 
that makes everyone laugh while 

1267
01:11:40,200 --> 01:11:42,500
also revealing complex social 
dynamics. 

1268
01:11:43,500 --> 01:11:46,300
Thomas describes rare volumes. 
He's acquired. 

1269
01:11:46,300 --> 01:11:50,400
His enthusiasm infectious. 
Even for those who don't share 

1270
01:11:50,400 --> 01:11:54,900
his passion for first editions, 
Edward offers Insider 

1271
01:11:54,900 --> 01:11:58,500
perspective on international 
relations carefully, avoiding 

1272
01:11:58,500 --> 01:12:02,800
anything too confidential. 
Sarah asks, questions that 

1273
01:12:02,800 --> 01:12:06,200
reveal her intelligence and 
curiosity about the wider World 

1274
01:12:06,200 --> 01:12:08,700
these morning, Gatherings become
ritual. 

1275
01:12:09,500 --> 01:12:12,900
You the same area of the lounge,
those comfortable chairs near 

1276
01:12:12,900 --> 01:12:15,500
the windows. 
Stewards, learn your preferences

1277
01:12:15,500 --> 01:12:17,900
and deliver coffee or tea 
without being asked. 

1278
01:12:19,100 --> 01:12:23,100
The conversation start casually 
but often develop unexpected 

1279
01:12:23,100 --> 01:12:25,900
debt. 
Russians of art politics 

1280
01:12:25,900 --> 01:12:28,300
philosophy, and the changing 
world of 19 to 12. 

1281
01:12:28,300 --> 01:12:30,700
Everything's accelerating 
Thomas. 

1282
01:12:30,700 --> 01:12:33,100
Observes one more morning 
stirring sugar, in his coffee. 

1283
01:12:33,800 --> 01:12:37,500
Technology society and even time
itself seemed to move fast 

1284
01:12:37,500 --> 01:12:40,300
faster. 
When I was young, I felt stable.

1285
01:12:40,300 --> 01:12:44,200
Now, each year brings dramatic 
changes progress. 

1286
01:12:44,200 --> 01:12:47,800
Edward says, inevitable and 
mostly positive though, not 

1287
01:12:47,800 --> 01:12:50,200
without costs. 
I wonder if we're progressing 

1288
01:12:50,200 --> 01:12:53,700
towards something or just moving
Margaret Muses speed, doesn't 

1289
01:12:53,700 --> 01:12:56,700
necessarily indicate Direction 
these conversations. 

1290
01:12:56,700 --> 01:12:59,600
Make you think challenge 
assumptions and open 

1291
01:12:59,600 --> 01:13:03,100
perspectives, you realize that 
one of luxury is true. 

1292
01:13:03,100 --> 01:13:08,400
Gift is time to think to talk to
explore ideas without the 

1293
01:13:08,408 --> 01:13:10,400
pressure of schedules and 
obligations. 

1294
01:13:11,400 --> 01:13:14,100
Titanic provides space for 
intellectual Leisure, that 

1295
01:13:14,100 --> 01:13:17,500
Modern Life, rarely permits. 
You also notice how the ships 

1296
01:13:17,500 --> 01:13:21,000
environment encourages, 
unexpected connections, One 

1297
01:13:21,000 --> 01:13:23,500
afternoon, you strike up a 
conversation with an older 

1298
01:13:23,500 --> 01:13:26,800
gentleman on the Promenade deck.
He turns out to be a professor 

1299
01:13:26,800 --> 01:13:29,800
of history at Oxford and you 
spend an hour discussing the 

1300
01:13:29,808 --> 01:13:32,100
fall of Rome. 
While walking circles around the

1301
01:13:32,108 --> 01:13:34,600
deck, his knowledge impresses 
you. 

1302
01:13:34,600 --> 01:13:38,400
But so does his ability to make 
ancient events, feel relevant to

1303
01:13:38,400 --> 01:13:41,500
contemporary life and other time
you end up playing bridge with 

1304
01:13:41,500 --> 01:13:44,800
three strangers, two sisters 
from New York and a mining 

1305
01:13:44,800 --> 01:13:48,000
engineer from Colorado. 
None of you play particularly 

1306
01:13:48,000 --> 01:13:50,800
well, but the game provides a 
framework for getting to know 

1307
01:13:50,800 --> 01:13:53,000
each other. 
You learn about their lives, 

1308
01:13:53,000 --> 01:13:56,200
their reasons for traveling and 
their hopes and worries. 

1309
01:13:57,200 --> 01:14:00,100
By the end of the evening, you 
feel like you've made genuine 

1310
01:14:00,100 --> 01:14:02,600
friends people. 
You might actually stay in 

1311
01:14:02,608 --> 01:14:04,600
contact with, after the voyage 
ends. 

1312
01:14:04,600 --> 01:14:09,000
The children, aboard deserve, 
special mention Titanic carries,

1313
01:14:09,000 --> 01:14:12,800
perhaps two dozen, first class 
children, ranging, from infants 

1314
01:14:12,800 --> 01:14:15,800
to teenagers. 
They bring energy and 

1315
01:14:15,800 --> 01:14:18,800
spontaneity, that contrasts 
beautifully with adult 

1316
01:14:18,800 --> 01:14:21,700
formality. 
Often see them racing along 

1317
01:14:21,700 --> 01:14:24,600
corridors until then nannies, 
call them back to decorum. 

1318
01:14:25,400 --> 01:14:29,700
Explore the ship with Fearless 
curiosity, discovering spaces 

1319
01:14:29,700 --> 01:14:33,300
and perspectives that adults. 
Miss one morning, you encounter 

1320
01:14:33,300 --> 01:14:35,200
a small boy, perhaps, six years 
old. 

1321
01:14:36,100 --> 01:14:39,600
Standing at a window staring at 
the ocean with such intensity 

1322
01:14:39,600 --> 01:14:41,900
that you stopped to see what 
he's watching. 

1323
01:14:43,000 --> 01:14:46,500
First you see nothing unusual. 
Just waves and Horizon. 

1324
01:14:47,100 --> 01:14:50,700
Then you spot it. 
The distant wail visible as a 

1325
01:14:50,708 --> 01:14:53,900
dark shape briefly surfacing 
before disappearing, Back Into 

1326
01:14:53,900 --> 01:14:57,200
the Depths. 
Did you see the boy asks turning

1327
01:14:57,200 --> 01:15:00,200
to you with excitement? 
That can't be contained a whale 

1328
01:15:00,200 --> 01:15:03,400
and actual way you can firm 
that. 

1329
01:15:03,400 --> 01:15:06,500
Yes, you saw it too. 
And the boys face lights up with

1330
01:15:06,500 --> 01:15:09,300
joy, which makes you smile for 
the rest of the day. 

1331
01:15:10,300 --> 01:15:14,800
That simple moment a child one 
at the natural world provides 

1332
01:15:14,800 --> 01:15:17,500
more genuine pleasure than all 
of Titanic's. 

1333
01:15:17,500 --> 01:15:21,100
Manufactured luxuries, social 
events punctuate the Voyages 

1334
01:15:21,100 --> 01:15:23,700
rhythm. 
One evening, the ship's officers

1335
01:15:23,700 --> 01:15:26,700
host, a reception, giving 
passengers, the opportunity to 

1336
01:15:26,700 --> 01:15:29,100
meet the captain and crew who 
operate Titanic. 

1337
01:15:30,100 --> 01:15:33,700
Captain Smith appears exactly as
you'd imagine a ship's Captain 

1338
01:15:33,700 --> 01:15:40,000
should white bearded dignified 
and radiating calm competence. 

1339
01:15:40,000 --> 01:15:44,000
He moves through the crowd with 
practiced ease spending a few 

1340
01:15:44,008 --> 01:15:45,900
minutes. 
With each passenger, making 

1341
01:15:45,900 --> 01:15:49,300
everyone feel acknowledged 
another night features a concept

1342
01:15:49,300 --> 01:15:52,200
by the ship's Orchestra. 
Transformed from background 

1343
01:15:52,200 --> 01:15:55,500
dinner music to featured 
performers, they play a full 

1344
01:15:55,500 --> 01:15:57,600
program of classical and popular
pieces. 

1345
01:15:57,600 --> 01:16:01,200
The musicians revealing skills 
that dinner service doesn't 

1346
01:16:01,200 --> 01:16:04,900
fully showcase the lounge fills 
with passengers dressed in their

1347
01:16:04,900 --> 01:16:07,800
evening finest. 
All of us enjoying culture in 

1348
01:16:07,800 --> 01:16:10,800
the middle of the Atlantic. 
You also observe the quiet 

1349
01:16:10,800 --> 01:16:12,900
romance's developing aboard 
ship. 

1350
01:16:13,800 --> 01:16:16,600
That young couple from dinner, 
the first night spent hours 

1351
01:16:16,600 --> 01:16:20,000
together on Deck. 
Talking and laughing clearly 

1352
01:16:20,000 --> 01:16:22,400
falling deeper into love with 
each passing day. 

1353
01:16:23,600 --> 01:16:27,900
An older pair, he packed six 60,
she and her 50s all. 

1354
01:16:27,900 --> 01:16:29,400
So seems to be discovering each 
other. 

1355
01:16:29,400 --> 01:16:32,300
Their courtship more subtle but 
no less real. 

1356
01:16:33,000 --> 01:16:35,400
Ocean voyages. 
Apparently encouraged Romance. 

1357
01:16:36,300 --> 01:16:39,200
The enclosed world and temporary
nature of the experience. 

1358
01:16:39,200 --> 01:16:41,800
Creating conditions where 
feeling's develop quickly. 

1359
01:16:41,800 --> 01:16:45,300
Your own social experience 
includes several conversations 

1360
01:16:45,300 --> 01:16:48,000
with the attractive. 
Women encounters that might have

1361
01:16:48,000 --> 01:16:51,000
developed into something more if
circumstances were different. 

1362
01:16:52,100 --> 01:16:55,000
A Charming Widow, invites you to
walk the deck with her. 

1363
01:16:56,200 --> 01:16:59,300
Stated woman your own age, 
engages you an extended 

1364
01:16:59,300 --> 01:17:03,100
discussion about art and 
literature in another context, 

1365
01:17:03,100 --> 01:17:04,900
these meetings might have led 
somewhere. 

1366
01:17:06,000 --> 01:17:09,000
But shipboard romance requires 
either quick development or 

1367
01:17:09,000 --> 01:17:10,700
acceptance of a temporary 
connection. 

1368
01:17:10,700 --> 01:17:14,600
And you find yourself preferring
friendship to the complications 

1369
01:17:14,600 --> 01:17:17,700
of brief Romance, the dining 
room continues, providing 

1370
01:17:17,700 --> 01:17:20,900
theater each evening by. 
Now, you've learned to recognize

1371
01:17:20,900 --> 01:17:24,400
various personalities among the 
first class passengers, the 

1372
01:17:24,400 --> 01:17:27,800
millionaire who always orders 
the most expensive wine, the 

1373
01:17:27,800 --> 01:17:30,100
British Aristocrat who treats 
stewards with casual 

1374
01:17:30,100 --> 01:17:33,400
condescension. 
The Nouveau riche couple is 

1375
01:17:33,400 --> 01:17:37,600
trying to hard to fit into High 
Society, the genuinely wealthy, 

1376
01:17:37,600 --> 01:17:40,400
who wear their money comfortably
without need for display. 

1377
01:17:40,400 --> 01:17:44,000
You also note, how the stewards 
manage this diverse group with 

1378
01:17:44,000 --> 01:17:46,900
remarkable skill? 
There remember, names, 

1379
01:17:46,900 --> 01:17:50,500
preferences, and small details 
that make each passenger feel 

1380
01:17:50,500 --> 01:17:54,200
individually, served a steward, 
might recall that you prefer 

1381
01:17:54,200 --> 01:17:57,400
your coffee very hot or that you
typically skip the soup. 

1382
01:17:57,400 --> 01:18:00,900
Course that you want mentioned 
enjoying a particular wine. 

1383
01:18:01,800 --> 01:18:04,500
These small acknowledgment of 
individual preference, create 

1384
01:18:04,500 --> 01:18:07,400
the illusion of personal 
service, even within the 

1385
01:18:07,400 --> 01:18:11,900
industrial scale of Titanic's. 
Operation, one evening Margaret 

1386
01:18:11,900 --> 01:18:14,500
organizers, an impromptu 
gathering in the lounge after 

1387
01:18:14,500 --> 01:18:18,500
dinner, Perhaps a dozen 
passengers, attend forming a 

1388
01:18:18,500 --> 01:18:22,400
loose circle of chairs. 
Someone suggests telling stories

1389
01:18:22,400 --> 01:18:25,500
and suddenly we're entertaining 
each other with Tales from our 

1390
01:18:25,500 --> 01:18:28,800
lives. 
Margaret describes a disastrous 

1391
01:18:28,800 --> 01:18:31,800
dinner party where everything 
went wrong, but somehow became 

1392
01:18:31,800 --> 01:18:33,700
the most memorable evening of 
the season. 

1393
01:18:34,800 --> 01:18:37,800
Thomas tells about discovering a
valuable book in a Dusty shop 

1394
01:18:37,800 --> 01:18:40,000
where the owner had no idea what
he possessed. 

1395
01:18:40,700 --> 01:18:43,400
Edward shares diplomatic 
anecdotes carefully. 

1396
01:18:43,400 --> 01:18:47,200
Edited to remove confidential 
details when your turn comes you

1397
01:18:47,200 --> 01:18:49,800
tell about a business venture. 
That succeeded far beyond 

1398
01:18:49,800 --> 01:18:52,800
expectations. 
The combination of planning and 

1399
01:18:52,808 --> 01:18:57,600
luck that made everything work 
perfectly But as you talk, you 

1400
01:18:57,600 --> 01:19:01,100
realize the stories, real point,
isn't the success, it's the 

1401
01:19:01,100 --> 01:19:05,300
journey, the uncertain tea, the 
gradual realization that things 

1402
01:19:05,300 --> 01:19:08,000
were going to work out. 
Your listeners seem to 

1403
01:19:08,000 --> 01:19:11,400
understand this nodding at 
recognition of universal 

1404
01:19:11,400 --> 01:19:14,200
experience's dressed in 
individual circumstances. 

1405
01:19:14,200 --> 01:19:18,400
The Gathering continues past 
midnight, passengers telling 

1406
01:19:18,400 --> 01:19:22,400
stories laughing and sharing 
moments of connection, that make

1407
01:19:22,400 --> 01:19:25,500
Titanic feel less like a ship 
and more like a floating 

1408
01:19:25,500 --> 01:19:29,300
community. 
Eventually people drift away to 

1409
01:19:29,300 --> 01:19:32,100
their cabins. 
But you linger in the lounge, 

1410
01:19:32,100 --> 01:19:34,900
thinking about this evening 
about these temporary 

1411
01:19:34,900 --> 01:19:38,200
friendships, that feel 
surprisingly substantial walking

1412
01:19:38,200 --> 01:19:39,700
back to your cabin through 
quiet. 

1413
01:19:39,700 --> 01:19:43,700
Corridors, you reflect on how 
Ocean Travel creates unique 

1414
01:19:43,700 --> 01:19:47,100
social conditions. 
Remove people from their normal 

1415
01:19:47,100 --> 01:19:50,000
contexts. 
Put them in close proximity for 

1416
01:19:50,000 --> 01:19:54,300
several days, had comfort and 
Leisure and connections, develop

1417
01:19:54,300 --> 01:19:58,500
that might never form a shore. 
You'll probably never see most 

1418
01:19:58,500 --> 01:20:02,500
of these people again after the 
voyage ends, yet right now, they

1419
01:20:02,500 --> 01:20:06,400
feel like friends companions on 
a shared Adventure, in your 

1420
01:20:06,400 --> 01:20:08,300
cabin. 
You prepare for bed, while 

1421
01:20:08,300 --> 01:20:11,300
thinking about tomorrow, the 
voyage is more than half. 

1422
01:20:11,300 --> 01:20:15,000
Finished Titanic is crossing the
Atlantic's middle sections. 

1423
01:20:15,000 --> 01:20:20,300
Now, the deepest Waters farthest
from any land, each day, brings,

1424
01:20:20,300 --> 01:20:24,000
you closer to New York to the 
end of this experience, and to 

1425
01:20:24,000 --> 01:20:27,400
returning to normal life. 
But tonight, that seems distant 

1426
01:20:27,400 --> 01:20:31,800
and unimportant, Tonight your 
here surrounded by new friends 

1427
01:20:31,800 --> 01:20:35,800
carried across the ocean in 
luxury experiencing something 

1428
01:20:35,800 --> 01:20:38,500
you'll remember forever. 
The ship takes on a different 

1429
01:20:38,500 --> 01:20:42,200
character after midnight. 
You discover this one night when

1430
01:20:42,200 --> 01:20:46,900
sleep eludes you and you decide 
to explore rather than lie in 

1431
01:20:46,908 --> 01:20:50,300
bed wrestling with wakefulness. 
Putting on a robe over your 

1432
01:20:50,300 --> 01:20:54,100
pajamas and slipping into shoes.
You venture out into corridors 

1433
01:20:54,100 --> 01:20:57,100
that have transformed from 
daytime bustle into something 

1434
01:20:57,100 --> 01:21:01,500
quieter almost meditative night,
lighting replaces the brilliant 

1435
01:21:01,500 --> 01:21:05,500
illumination of daytime. 
Softer bulbs cast, gentle pools 

1436
01:21:05,500 --> 01:21:07,900
of light, separated, by 
stretches of shadow. 

1437
01:21:08,600 --> 01:21:12,500
The effect creates intimacy, 
making the huge ship feel 

1438
01:21:12,500 --> 01:21:16,500
smaller and more manageable. 
Your footsteps Echo differently 

1439
01:21:16,500 --> 01:21:20,100
in these empty passages each 
sound reaching further without 

1440
01:21:20,100 --> 01:21:23,600
daytime noise to absorb it. 
You climb the ground staircase 

1441
01:21:23,600 --> 01:21:26,800
meeting. 
No one The carved Oak panels 

1442
01:21:26,800 --> 01:21:28,400
look different in reduced 
lighting. 

1443
01:21:28,400 --> 01:21:30,600
The wood grain deeper and 
richer. 

1444
01:21:31,800 --> 01:21:33,600
That clock showing honor and 
Glory. 

1445
01:21:33,600 --> 01:21:39,400
Crowning time reads, two 15. 
Somewhere in the ship crew 

1446
01:21:39,400 --> 01:21:42,600
members maintain their watches. 
But here in the passenger areas 

1447
01:21:42,600 --> 01:21:46,500
you have the world to yourself 
on the boat deck, cold air hits 

1448
01:21:46,500 --> 01:21:49,500
immediately. 
You'd expected this but the 

1449
01:21:49,500 --> 01:21:51,100
reality still takes your breath 
away. 

1450
01:21:51,900 --> 01:21:55,300
The April night temperature must
be barely above freezing and the

1451
01:21:55,300 --> 01:21:58,800
wind makes it feel colder. 
Yet something about the cold 

1452
01:21:58,800 --> 01:22:00,600
appeals to you. 
It's honest. 

1453
01:22:00,600 --> 01:22:05,100
Demanding attention, refusing to
be ignored Sky above Titanic 

1454
01:22:05,100 --> 01:22:08,800
overwhelms with its vastness. 
You've seen night skies before 

1455
01:22:08,800 --> 01:22:13,300
but never like this never so far
from any competing light. 

1456
01:22:14,000 --> 01:22:16,700
Stars Pack the darkness in 
numbers that seem impossible, 

1457
01:22:16,700 --> 01:22:19,300
more stars than Sky to hold 
them. 

1458
01:22:20,400 --> 01:22:23,200
The Milky Way stretches overhead
like spilled milk. 

1459
01:22:23,200 --> 01:22:27,100
Frozen in place constellations. 
You've known since childhood 

1460
01:22:27,100 --> 01:22:30,700
appear embedded in this. 
Great pattern familiar markers 

1461
01:22:30,700 --> 01:22:34,600
in over abundant, you walked to 
the railing and look down at the

1462
01:22:34,608 --> 01:22:37,100
ocean. 
The water appears, black under 

1463
01:22:37,100 --> 01:22:40,900
Starlight invisible except where
Titanic's lights, reach it. 

1464
01:22:41,800 --> 01:22:45,500
Along the hull, portholes create
pools of golden illumination on 

1465
01:22:45,500 --> 01:22:48,200
the surface. 
Giving you glimpses of waves 

1466
01:22:48,200 --> 01:22:51,600
rolling past beyond that. 
Narrow band of visibility 

1467
01:22:51,600 --> 01:22:54,300
Darkness extends infinitely in 
all directions. 

1468
01:22:54,300 --> 01:22:58,400
The ship's engines maintain 
their constant Rhythm felt 

1469
01:22:58,400 --> 01:23:00,500
through your feet as much as 
heard. 

1470
01:23:01,400 --> 01:23:04,300
Somewhere forward, the watch 
officer Stanley on the bridge 

1471
01:23:04,300 --> 01:23:07,300
monitoring instruments. 
Maintaining course. 

1472
01:23:08,100 --> 01:23:11,500
In the engine rooms, far below 
crew members tend Machinery that

1473
01:23:11,500 --> 01:23:13,500
drives this enormous vessel 
forward. 

1474
01:23:14,300 --> 01:23:17,400
But up here you are alone with 
the knight in the stars and the 

1475
01:23:17,400 --> 01:23:21,100
vast ocean. 
You think about distance how far

1476
01:23:21,100 --> 01:23:24,500
Titanic has traveled from 
Southampton, how far remains to 

1477
01:23:24,500 --> 01:23:27,900
New York, How deep the water 
flows beneath the keel. 

1478
01:23:28,700 --> 01:23:32,400
The numbers become abstract at 
this scale, three miles to the 

1479
01:23:32,400 --> 01:23:37,900
ocean floor, 100 of miles to the
nearest land, thousands of stars

1480
01:23:37,900 --> 01:23:41,400
visible overhead measurements 
that dwarf human comprehension, 

1481
01:23:41,400 --> 01:23:44,900
the cold eventually drives you 
inside but you're not ready to 

1482
01:23:44,900 --> 01:23:48,800
return to your cabin. 
Instead, you explore the ship's 

1483
01:23:48,800 --> 01:23:52,100
public rooms, finding them 
empty, but still lit. 

1484
01:23:53,200 --> 01:23:55,800
The reading room, maintains, its
quiet charm. 

1485
01:23:55,800 --> 01:24:00,100
Even without readers the lounge,
looks almost mysterious and 

1486
01:24:00,100 --> 01:24:02,600
reduced lighting. 
Familiar ferniture. 

1487
01:24:02,600 --> 01:24:05,000
Transformed into unfamiliar 
shapes and shadows. 

1488
01:24:05,000 --> 01:24:09,900
You discover your not completely
alone after all In the smoking 

1489
01:24:09,900 --> 01:24:11,200
room. 
One other passenger. 

1490
01:24:11,200 --> 01:24:14,200
Occupies a leather chair staring
into the middle distance while 

1491
01:24:14,200 --> 01:24:19,200
nursing a glass of whiskey. 
He's older, perhaps 70, a robe 

1492
01:24:19,200 --> 01:24:22,100
similar to yours. 
He nods acknowledgment, when you

1493
01:24:22,100 --> 01:24:25,500
enter, but doesn't speak. 
And you respect his desire for 

1494
01:24:25,508 --> 01:24:29,200
Solitude by a chair on the 
opposite side of the room for 

1495
01:24:29,200 --> 01:24:32,000
perhaps half an hour, you both 
sit there and comfortable 

1496
01:24:32,000 --> 01:24:35,200
silence. 
The smoking room stained glass 

1497
01:24:35,200 --> 01:24:37,000
windows. 
Look, black from inside 

1498
01:24:37,000 --> 01:24:40,500
reflecting the room rather than 
showing anything beyond. 

1499
01:24:41,500 --> 01:24:44,600
Calf sealing seems to press down
slightly without crowds and 

1500
01:24:44,600 --> 01:24:48,200
conversation to push it back. 
Everything feels compressed. 

1501
01:24:48,200 --> 01:24:52,400
Concentrated and essential 
eventually the older gentleman 

1502
01:24:52,400 --> 01:24:56,300
Rises nods again and parts. 
You remain thinking about 

1503
01:24:56,300 --> 01:25:00,400
nothing in particular letting 
your mind drift like the Titanic

1504
01:25:00,400 --> 01:25:03,800
across the water. 
Thoughts come and go without 

1505
01:25:03,800 --> 01:25:07,100
demanding attention worries. 
That might keep you awake in 

1506
01:25:07,100 --> 01:25:11,300
your cabin, feel distant here, 
manageable and small around 

1507
01:25:11,300 --> 01:25:13,500
three o'clock. 
You return to the Promenade deck

1508
01:25:13,500 --> 01:25:15,700
for another exposure to cold and
Stars. 

1509
01:25:15,700 --> 01:25:19,800
This time, you know, notice the 
Horizon align, barely visible 

1510
01:25:19,800 --> 01:25:24,100
West, Starry Sky meets dark 
ocean, the division between up 

1511
01:25:24,100 --> 01:25:26,700
and down the edge between two 
and infinitus. 

1512
01:25:27,600 --> 01:25:30,300
Staring at that line. 
You feel both very small and 

1513
01:25:30,300 --> 01:25:33,400
somehow connected to something 
larger though, you could not 

1514
01:25:33,400 --> 01:25:36,100
articulate exactly what a 
shooting star. 

1515
01:25:36,100 --> 01:25:38,800
Crosses the sky there and gone 
in a breath. 

1516
01:25:38,800 --> 01:25:43,200
Then another, then a third. 
You realize you're watching a 

1517
01:25:43,200 --> 01:25:46,600
meteor shower, piece of cosmic 
debris, burning up in the 

1518
01:25:46,608 --> 01:25:50,700
atmosphere far above each streak
of light represents matter. 

1519
01:25:50,700 --> 01:25:54,800
Older, than human civilization 
material, that's traveled 

1520
01:25:54,800 --> 01:25:56,900
through space for millions of 
years. 

1521
01:25:56,900 --> 01:26:01,100
Before ending, its journey in a 
brief flash of the Atlantic, the

1522
01:26:01,100 --> 01:26:04,300
beauty of it makes your chest 
tight, you're watching something

1523
01:26:04,300 --> 01:26:06,700
that has nothing to do with 
human concerns. 

1524
01:26:06,700 --> 01:26:11,700
The universe simply being itself
in different to observers yet. 

1525
01:26:11,700 --> 01:26:15,300
Here you stand. 
Observing creating meaning from 

1526
01:26:15,300 --> 01:26:18,300
natural phenomenon. 
That carry, no, inherent, 

1527
01:26:18,300 --> 01:26:21,600
meaning at all back, inside. 
Again, you wander toward the 

1528
01:26:21,608 --> 01:26:23,500
stern down. 
Staircases. 

1529
01:26:23,500 --> 01:26:26,800
You haven't explored before and 
through crew areas where signs 

1530
01:26:26,800 --> 01:26:28,200
indicate passengers shouldn't 
go. 

1531
01:26:29,200 --> 01:26:32,200
Nobody stops you the nightwatch 
Apparently assumes. 

1532
01:26:32,200 --> 01:26:34,200
Any passenger wandering around 
at this hour. 

1533
01:26:34,200 --> 01:26:37,200
Has good reason. 
You emerge onto a lower deck 

1534
01:26:37,200 --> 01:26:39,400
where you can hear the 
propellers more clearly and feel

1535
01:26:39,400 --> 01:26:42,900
their vibration more strongly. 
Looking back along Titanic's. 

1536
01:26:42,900 --> 01:26:46,500
Length from this position. 
You see the ship's full scale in

1537
01:26:46,500 --> 01:26:48,400
a way. 
Daytime viewing never quite 

1538
01:26:48,400 --> 01:26:51,200
captures. 
She rises above you, like a 

1539
01:26:51,200 --> 01:26:55,800
cliff face decks stacked upon 
deck like marking windows and 

1540
01:26:55,800 --> 01:26:59,000
passages. 
The fourth funnels Tower against

1541
01:26:59,000 --> 01:27:01,800
the Stars. 
The whole structure seems 

1542
01:27:01,800 --> 01:27:05,400
impossible to float and too 
complex to operate. 

1543
01:27:06,400 --> 01:27:10,100
Yet, she moves through the water
with Grace carrying, hundreds of

1544
01:27:10,108 --> 01:27:13,300
passengers in Comfort. 
While they sleep, you make your 

1545
01:27:13,300 --> 01:27:16,700
way back to familiar areas 
climbing toward the boat deck 

1546
01:27:16,700 --> 01:27:19,100
again. 
The sky has begun showing the 

1547
01:27:19,100 --> 01:27:21,900
first hints of dawn, not light 
exactly. 

1548
01:27:21,900 --> 01:27:26,400
But a lessening of absolute 
Darkness, a suggestion that day.

1549
01:27:26,400 --> 01:27:30,200
Approaches your tired. 
Now, in a pleasant way the sort 

1550
01:27:30,200 --> 01:27:32,300
of exhaustion that promises deep
sleep. 

1551
01:27:32,300 --> 01:27:35,600
One final Circuit of the 
Promenade deck serves as the 

1552
01:27:35,600 --> 01:27:39,600
conclusion to your nighttime 
exploration The wind still blows

1553
01:27:39,600 --> 01:27:42,300
cold, but you've adjusted to it,
accepted it. 

1554
01:27:43,300 --> 01:27:46,300
The Stars still fill the sky 
though, they seem less 

1555
01:27:46,300 --> 01:27:48,200
overwhelming. 
Now, more familiar. 

1556
01:27:49,100 --> 01:27:52,200
The ocean still stretches 
endlessly but you've made peace 

1557
01:27:52,200 --> 01:27:54,700
with his vastness back in your 
cabin. 

1558
01:27:54,700 --> 01:27:57,600
Finally, you remove your robe 
and shoes and climb into bed, 

1559
01:27:57,600 --> 01:28:01,700
the sheets, feel warm and 
welcome after the cold deck, the

1560
01:28:01,700 --> 01:28:05,300
mattress Embraces, you the 
gentle motion of the ship rocks.

1561
01:28:05,300 --> 01:28:08,000
You like a cradle. 
You think about the night just 

1562
01:28:08,000 --> 01:28:12,700
passed about stars and darkness 
and solitude You think about 

1563
01:28:12,700 --> 01:28:16,100
being awake while others sleep 
about seeing the ship in her 

1564
01:28:16,108 --> 01:28:19,400
nighttime aspect and about 
discovering that Titanic 

1565
01:28:19,400 --> 01:28:23,500
contains layers of experience 
Beyond daytime luxury, sleep 

1566
01:28:23,500 --> 01:28:26,800
arrives, like a friend, you'd 
been expecting pulling you down 

1567
01:28:26,800 --> 01:28:31,100
into dreams colored By Starlight
notion depths by the rhythm of 

1568
01:28:31,108 --> 01:28:33,700
engines and the whisper of waves
along the hull. 

1569
01:28:33,700 --> 01:28:37,500
Tomorrow will bring another day 
of a Leisure and luxury of meals

1570
01:28:37,500 --> 01:28:39,500
and conversation and social 
ritual. 

1571
01:28:40,400 --> 01:28:43,100
But tonight, belongs to 
something else to quiet. 

1572
01:28:43,100 --> 01:28:47,600
Wander to connect with vastness 
to moments of pure existence, 

1573
01:28:47,600 --> 01:28:51,600
without purpose, Beyond being 
the last thought, before sleep 

1574
01:28:51,600 --> 01:28:55,000
claims, you can completely your 
glad you could not sleep early, 

1575
01:28:55,000 --> 01:28:59,000
glad you went exploring and glad
you discovered this secret 

1576
01:28:59,000 --> 01:29:02,100
version of Titanic. 
That only reveals her self to 

1577
01:29:02,100 --> 01:29:05,200
the wakeful of the wandering. 
You awake late after your 

1578
01:29:05,200 --> 01:29:08,400
nighttime Adventures sunlight 
streaming through your cabin 

1579
01:29:08,400 --> 01:29:11,400
window. 
Checking your pocket, watch your

1580
01:29:11,400 --> 01:29:14,800
startled, to find its nearly 
10:00, you've slept through 

1581
01:29:14,800 --> 01:29:17,300
breakfast service, something you
haven't done since boarding. 

1582
01:29:18,200 --> 01:29:20,900
But the extra rest feels 
deserved and besides the cafe 

1583
01:29:20,900 --> 01:29:24,100
will still serve light, a fair 
for late rise as after washing 

1584
01:29:24,100 --> 01:29:25,900
and dressing. 
You make your way to the cafe. 

1585
01:29:25,900 --> 01:29:29,300
Finding it moderately populated 
with other passengers who have 

1586
01:29:29,308 --> 01:29:32,600
also slept late. 
You order coffee and toast and 

1587
01:29:32,600 --> 01:29:35,400
settle at a window table to 
watch the ocean while you eat. 

1588
01:29:36,200 --> 01:29:40,200
The sea looks calmer today, the 
waves gentler and the water a 

1589
01:29:40,200 --> 01:29:41,500
deeper blue than you've seen 
yet. 

1590
01:29:41,500 --> 01:29:45,200
On this Voyage Margaret appears 
with her own coffee and spotting

1591
01:29:45,200 --> 01:29:48,000
you comes over to join. 
You look rested. 

1592
01:29:48,000 --> 01:29:51,300
She observes settling into the 
chair across from yours. 

1593
01:29:51,300 --> 01:29:53,300
You tell her about your 
nighttime. 

1594
01:29:53,300 --> 01:29:57,000
Wandering about stars and 
Solitude and seeing the ship in 

1595
01:29:57,000 --> 01:29:59,700
darkness. 
She listens with evident 

1596
01:29:59,700 --> 01:30:02,800
interest then shares. 
Her own similar experience from 

1597
01:30:02,800 --> 01:30:06,200
a previous voyage Apparently 
many passengers eventually, 

1598
01:30:06,200 --> 01:30:09,700
discover the appeal of nighttime
exploration drawn by 

1599
01:30:09,700 --> 01:30:12,900
restlessness, or curiosity, and 
to seeing their floating home 

1600
01:30:12,900 --> 01:30:16,000
from different perspectives. 
It's like visiting a familiar 

1601
01:30:16,000 --> 01:30:19,200
house at an unfamiliar. 
Our Margaret says everything 

1602
01:30:19,200 --> 01:30:22,200
looks different. 
You notice details that daytime 

1603
01:30:22,200 --> 01:30:25,500
activity, obscures the 
conversation drifts to other 

1604
01:30:25,500 --> 01:30:27,900
topics her plans once reaching 
Italy. 

1605
01:30:27,900 --> 01:30:31,300
Your own upcoming business in 
New York, and the strange 

1606
01:30:31,300 --> 01:30:34,500
feeling that this Voyage exists 
outside normal time. 

1607
01:30:35,800 --> 01:30:38,500
We're both aware that Titanic 
will reach New York in a few 

1608
01:30:38,508 --> 01:30:41,400
days. 
Ending this interlude returning 

1609
01:30:41,400 --> 01:30:44,200
us to regular life. 
I always feel slightly 

1610
01:30:44,200 --> 01:30:46,400
Melancholy toward the end of 
ocean voyages. 

1611
01:30:46,400 --> 01:30:50,000
Margaret admits all these 
connections we've made the 

1612
01:30:50,000 --> 01:30:52,400
friendships that feel real 
despite their brevity. 

1613
01:30:52,400 --> 01:30:55,400
Most of them won't survive 
contact with Shore. 

1614
01:30:55,400 --> 01:30:59,400
Life will exchange addresses, 
promise to write and maybe even 

1615
01:30:59,400 --> 01:31:03,500
mean it sincerely but then 
regular life resumes and this 

1616
01:31:03,500 --> 01:31:05,600
shipboard world Fades into a 
pleasant memory. 

1617
01:31:05,600 --> 01:31:08,100
You recognize the truth in her 
words. 

1618
01:31:08,900 --> 01:31:10,700
Already. 
You can feel this Voyage 

1619
01:31:10,700 --> 01:31:14,200
becoming a story, you'll tell 
and experience your remember 

1620
01:31:14,200 --> 01:31:16,300
rather than something you're 
actively living. 

1621
01:31:17,400 --> 01:31:21,400
The present moment keeps sliding
into past tense, each day adding

1622
01:31:21,400 --> 01:31:24,000
to accumulated memory after 
coffee. 

1623
01:31:24,000 --> 01:31:27,100
You decide to attend the church 
service being held in the Dining

1624
01:31:27,100 --> 01:31:29,200
Saloon. 
You're not particularly 

1625
01:31:29,200 --> 01:31:32,500
religious but the service 
provides an opportunity to see 

1626
01:31:32,500 --> 01:31:35,600
The Passenger community gathered
for something Beyond meals and 

1627
01:31:35,600 --> 01:31:38,500
entertainment. 
The dining slew has been 

1628
01:31:38,500 --> 01:31:42,800
transformed with chairs arranged
theater style facing a small 

1629
01:31:42,800 --> 01:31:45,800
lectern at the front. 
Captain Smith conducts, the 

1630
01:31:45,800 --> 01:31:49,100
service with the same dignity, 
he brings to ship operations. 

1631
01:31:49,900 --> 01:31:53,100
His voice carries Authority, but
also warmth, as he reads from 

1632
01:31:53,100 --> 01:31:57,300
the book of common prayer. 
The hymns familiar ones that 

1633
01:31:57,300 --> 01:32:00,400
most people know rise from 
hundreds of voices. 

1634
01:32:00,400 --> 01:32:05,300
Creating Harmony that feels both
solemn and uplifting looking 

1635
01:32:05,300 --> 01:32:07,300
around at your fellow passengers
singing together. 

1636
01:32:07,300 --> 01:32:11,300
You feel connected to something 
older than Titanic older than 

1637
01:32:11,300 --> 01:32:15,000
Ocean Travel. 
Something about humans, seeking 

1638
01:32:15,000 --> 01:32:18,200
meaning and Community. 
The sermon brief and 

1639
01:32:18,200 --> 01:32:21,600
non-controversial focuses on 
gratitude and safe Passage 

1640
01:32:22,500 --> 01:32:25,100
Captain Smith. 
Thanks God for calm, seas and 

1641
01:32:25,100 --> 01:32:28,400
favorable weather asks for 
blessings for the remainder of 

1642
01:32:28,400 --> 01:32:32,100
the voyage and remind everyone 
to appreciate the remarkable 

1643
01:32:32,100 --> 01:32:34,600
vessel carrying us across the 
ocean. 

1644
01:32:35,800 --> 01:32:38,400
It's good, pastoral care, 
appropriate for the setting 

1645
01:32:38,400 --> 01:32:42,500
demanding nothing while offering
Comfort after the service. 

1646
01:32:42,500 --> 01:32:46,200
Passengers lingo in small 
groups, conversation flowing 

1647
01:32:46,200 --> 01:32:50,300
naturally, You speak with Thomas
about the music, with Edward 

1648
01:32:50,300 --> 01:32:53,400
about Maritime traditions, and 
with several other passengers. 

1649
01:32:53,400 --> 01:32:56,900
You've come to know during the 
voyage The Gathering feels like 

1650
01:32:56,900 --> 01:33:00,400
Church Fellowship anywhere. 
People connecting over shared 

1651
01:33:00,400 --> 01:33:04,400
experience finding comfort and 
Community lunch follows its 

1652
01:33:04,400 --> 01:33:08,200
usual pattern of Excellence. 
You stopped being Amazed by the 

1653
01:33:08,200 --> 01:33:12,100
food quality accepting it as 
normal rather than exceptional. 

1654
01:33:12,900 --> 01:33:15,100
This adaptation strikes. 
You as interesting. 

1655
01:33:15,100 --> 01:33:17,800
How quickly luxury becomes 
expected? 

1656
01:33:17,800 --> 01:33:21,800
How standards are just upward 
when exposed to consistently 

1657
01:33:21,800 --> 01:33:24,700
high quality? 
You'll probably find ordinary 

1658
01:33:24,700 --> 01:33:27,900
restaurants disappointing. 
After this Voyage, the afternoon

1659
01:33:27,900 --> 01:33:31,000
brings you to the library where 
you've spent minimal time so 

1660
01:33:31,000 --> 01:33:33,600
far. 
The room contains an impressive 

1661
01:33:33,600 --> 01:33:38,900
book, selection novels history 
is travel narratives poetry and 

1662
01:33:38,900 --> 01:33:42,500
reference works. 
You browse, the shelves, pulling

1663
01:33:42,500 --> 01:33:46,300
volumes at random reading 
opening paragraphs and trying to

1664
01:33:46,300 --> 01:33:48,500
decide what appeals to your 
current mood. 

1665
01:33:48,500 --> 01:33:51,900
Eventually, you select a book, 
about arctic, exploration, and 

1666
01:33:51,900 --> 01:33:56,000
settle into a comfortable chair.
The contrast appeals to you 

1667
01:33:56,000 --> 01:33:59,300
reading about extreme cold, 
while sitting in Titanic's. 

1668
01:33:59,300 --> 01:34:02,900
Perfect Comfort learning about 
dangerous Expeditions while 

1669
01:34:02,900 --> 01:34:05,500
experiencing the safest 
possible, Ocean Travel. 

1670
01:34:06,400 --> 01:34:09,200
The explorers in the book 
struggled against hostile nature

1671
01:34:09,200 --> 01:34:13,000
risk, death regularly, and 
suffered incredible hardship. 

1672
01:34:13,800 --> 01:34:16,400
You're eating chocolate while 
reading about their frostbite 

1673
01:34:16,400 --> 01:34:19,200
and starvation. 
Yet you don't feel guilty about 

1674
01:34:19,200 --> 01:34:21,700
this contrast. 
Civilizations. 

1675
01:34:21,700 --> 01:34:24,700
Entire purpose is creating 
comfort from hostile nature, 

1676
01:34:24,700 --> 01:34:28,200
building systems that protect 
humans from environmental 

1677
01:34:28,200 --> 01:34:30,900
dangers. 
Titanic represents the 

1678
01:34:30,900 --> 01:34:33,300
culmination of that project 
nature. 

1679
01:34:33,300 --> 01:34:37,200
Completely tamed Ocean Travel 
transformed from dangerous 

1680
01:34:37,200 --> 01:34:39,100
necessity into comfortable 
pleasure. 

1681
01:34:39,100 --> 01:34:41,800
An older woman sits near you 
also reading. 

1682
01:34:41,800 --> 01:34:46,000
Eventually, she looks up and 
catches your eye, good book, you

1683
01:34:46,000 --> 01:34:48,100
show her the cover and she nods 
and recognition. 

1684
01:34:49,000 --> 01:34:52,600
I read that last year. 
Remarkable stories makes you 

1685
01:34:52,600 --> 01:34:54,900
grateful for a modern 
technology, doesn't it? 

1686
01:34:54,900 --> 01:34:58,100
You agree and conversation. 
Develops naturally. 

1687
01:34:58,100 --> 01:35:01,600
She is a professor's Widow 
traveling to visit family in 

1688
01:35:01,600 --> 01:35:04,500
America. 
This is her third Atlantic 

1689
01:35:04,500 --> 01:35:07,900
Crossing and she's watching 
ships evolved from relatively 

1690
01:35:07,900 --> 01:35:10,900
basic vessels to Modern Marvels 
like Titanic. 

1691
01:35:11,900 --> 01:35:13,900
Herbs of observations about 
Maritime progress. 

1692
01:35:13,900 --> 01:35:17,100
Reveal sharp intelligence and 
genuine curiosity about 

1693
01:35:17,100 --> 01:35:20,400
technological change. 
My late husband believed we were

1694
01:35:20,400 --> 01:35:22,900
living through Humanity's great,
age of advancement. 

1695
01:35:22,900 --> 01:35:26,700
She tells you He thought future 
Generations would look back at 

1696
01:35:26,700 --> 01:35:28,800
our era. 
The way we look back at the 

1697
01:35:28,808 --> 01:35:32,100
Renaissance. 
Time when human capability 

1698
01:35:32,100 --> 01:35:34,400
exploded. 
When we achieve things 

1699
01:35:34,400 --> 01:35:37,700
previously thought impossible? 
Do you think he was right? 

1700
01:35:37,700 --> 01:35:41,800
You asked she considers 
carefully before answering yes 

1701
01:35:41,800 --> 01:35:43,900
though. 
Perhaps not quite the way he 

1702
01:35:43,900 --> 01:35:46,300
imagined. 
Progress, always comes with 

1703
01:35:46,300 --> 01:35:48,900
costs. 
He didn't fully anticipate but 

1704
01:35:48,900 --> 01:35:51,900
yes, this is a remarkable time 
to be alive. 

1705
01:35:51,900 --> 01:35:56,100
The conversation continues for 
perhaps an hour ranging across 

1706
01:35:56,100 --> 01:35:58,400
topics with the freedom that 
comes from intelligence 

1707
01:35:58,400 --> 01:36:02,600
strangers meeting by chance. 
She's read, Whiteley, traveled, 

1708
01:36:02,600 --> 01:36:06,200
extensively, and thought deeply 
about the world and Humanity's 

1709
01:36:06,200 --> 01:36:08,900
place in it. 
Talking with her, remind you 

1710
01:36:08,900 --> 01:36:11,800
that education and intelligence 
aren't limited to any particular

1711
01:36:11,800 --> 01:36:14,600
age or gender, that wisdom can 
appear anywhere. 

1712
01:36:14,600 --> 01:36:17,900
If you're paying attention 
eventually, she returned to her 

1713
01:36:17,900 --> 01:36:21,700
book and you to yours. 
But the interaction leaves you 

1714
01:36:21,700 --> 01:36:25,200
feeling enriched grateful. 
For unexpected connections, that

1715
01:36:25,200 --> 01:36:29,100
Ocean Travel facilitates tea 
service at 4:00 brings you to 

1716
01:36:29,108 --> 01:36:31,400
the cafe. 
Again where the usual crowd is 

1717
01:36:31,400 --> 01:36:34,100
gathered. 
Your core group sits together 

1718
01:36:34,100 --> 01:36:37,700
and conversation flows with the 
ease of astonished friendship. 

1719
01:36:38,500 --> 01:36:41,500
We've shared enough meals and 
discussions that inside jokes of

1720
01:36:41,500 --> 01:36:44,500
developed references that 
wouldn't make sense to outside 

1721
01:36:44,500 --> 01:36:48,100
as but send us into laughter, 
Sarah describes her aunt's 

1722
01:36:48,100 --> 01:36:51,800
reaction to the Turkish bars. 
Apparently the older woman found

1723
01:36:51,800 --> 01:36:54,800
the heat shocking, but the 
massage after a deeply 

1724
01:36:54,800 --> 01:36:58,700
satisfying, Thomas reports 
finishing, an excellent novel 

1725
01:36:58,700 --> 01:37:02,000
from the library and offers 
recommendations for what others 

1726
01:37:02,000 --> 01:37:05,500
should read. 
Edward shares news from the 

1727
01:37:05,500 --> 01:37:08,200
ship's Daily Bulletin about 
events in The Wider world. 

1728
01:37:09,000 --> 01:37:11,800
Though these reports feel 
distant and somewhat unreal. 

1729
01:37:11,800 --> 01:37:14,800
From the middle of the Atlantic,
you mention your nighttime 

1730
01:37:14,800 --> 01:37:17,600
exploration and this prompts 
others to share similar 

1731
01:37:17,600 --> 01:37:20,600
experiences. 
We discover that several of us 

1732
01:37:20,600 --> 01:37:22,300
have been drawn to late night 
wandering. 

1733
01:37:22,300 --> 01:37:25,900
Each finding our own version of 
that peaceful Solitude the ship 

1734
01:37:25,900 --> 01:37:30,600
offers after most passengers 
sleep We compare favorite spots 

1735
01:37:30,600 --> 01:37:32,800
Margaret likes the reading room 
at night. 

1736
01:37:32,800 --> 01:37:37,000
Thomas prefers, the smoking room
and Sarah has discovered a quiet

1737
01:37:37,000 --> 01:37:40,500
corner of the Promenade deck. 
Well, like ghosts haunting our 

1738
01:37:40,500 --> 01:37:44,100
own Voyage Edward, observe 
smiling at the metaphor moving 

1739
01:37:44,100 --> 01:37:47,400
through, empty spaces while 
everyone else, dreams dinner 

1740
01:37:47,400 --> 01:37:49,400
that evening feels a specially 
convivial. 

1741
01:37:49,400 --> 01:37:51,700
Your table includes several 
people. 

1742
01:37:51,700 --> 01:37:55,000
You've come to know well and 
conversation flows with unusual 

1743
01:37:55,000 --> 01:37:57,800
warmth. 
Someone proposes the toast to 

1744
01:37:57,800 --> 01:38:01,900
Titanic and Captain Smith and we
all raise our glasses, genuinely

1745
01:38:01,900 --> 01:38:05,600
grateful for this experience the
meal itself course. 

1746
01:38:05,600 --> 01:38:09,700
After course of Exquisite food 
hardly registered as now you've 

1747
01:38:09,700 --> 01:38:12,800
become a custom to color and 
recs and while you still 

1748
01:38:12,800 --> 01:38:15,600
appreciate the quality, it no 
longer astonishes. 

1749
01:38:16,500 --> 01:38:19,300
What matters more is the 
fellowship, the shared 

1750
01:38:19,300 --> 01:38:22,400
experience and the sense of 
being part of something special?

1751
01:38:22,400 --> 01:38:26,600
After dinner the group migrates 
to the lounge where The Pianist 

1752
01:38:26,600 --> 01:38:29,200
plays and passengers gather for 
the evenings, final social 

1753
01:38:29,200 --> 01:38:31,500
hours. 
You notice how relationships 

1754
01:38:31,500 --> 01:38:35,100
have developed over the voyage, 
the young couple you observed 

1755
01:38:35,100 --> 01:38:38,700
early on now, seems firmly 
attached, like clearly engaged 

1756
01:38:38,700 --> 01:38:41,900
or soon-to-be. several 
passengers, who began as 

1757
01:38:41,900 --> 01:38:45,800
strangers now, sit together, 
like old Friends, the ships 

1758
01:38:45,800 --> 01:38:48,400
social world has organized 
itself into a functioning 

1759
01:38:48,400 --> 01:38:51,000
Community. 
Margaret pulls, you aside at one

1760
01:38:51,000 --> 01:38:53,200
point. 
I'm going to miss this. 

1761
01:38:53,200 --> 01:38:55,900
She says, quietly. 
This feeling of being outside 

1762
01:38:55,900 --> 01:38:59,400
regular life of having time to 
just be without endless 

1763
01:38:59,400 --> 01:39:01,400
obligations pressing on every 
moment. 

1764
01:39:01,400 --> 01:39:03,900
You understand exactly what she 
means. 

1765
01:39:03,900 --> 01:39:08,000
Titanic provides a bubble a 
protected space where normal 

1766
01:39:08,000 --> 01:39:11,300
rules don't quite apply. 
Time moves differently here. 

1767
01:39:12,200 --> 01:39:14,800
Concerns that Loom, larger Shore
seemed distant. 

1768
01:39:15,600 --> 01:39:19,100
The enforced Leisure allows for 
thought and conversation that 

1769
01:39:19,100 --> 01:39:22,300
regular life rarely permits. 
We should all do this more 

1770
01:39:22,300 --> 01:39:24,500
often. 
You suggest take deliberate 

1771
01:39:24,500 --> 01:39:28,000
breaks from normal routine and 
create space for reflection and 

1772
01:39:28,000 --> 01:39:30,700
connection. 
We should Margaret agrees, we 

1773
01:39:30,700 --> 01:39:35,500
won't, but we should the evening
winds down slowly, Passengers 

1774
01:39:35,500 --> 01:39:39,400
drift toward their cabins. 
In ones and twos, The Pianist 

1775
01:39:39,400 --> 01:39:42,700
plays softer selections music 
for ending rather than 

1776
01:39:42,700 --> 01:39:45,300
beginning. 
Stewards move through the room 

1777
01:39:45,300 --> 01:39:48,400
collecting empty glasses, 
straightening furniture, and 

1778
01:39:48,400 --> 01:39:51,900
preparing spaces for tomorrow. 
You're among the last to leave 

1779
01:39:51,900 --> 01:39:54,000
reluctant to let this evening 
end. 

1780
01:39:55,000 --> 01:39:58,300
On the walk back to your cabin. 
You pause One More Time On Deck.

1781
01:39:58,300 --> 01:40:02,800
Looking up at stars now familiar
from previous nights, The air 

1782
01:40:02,800 --> 01:40:04,600
feels warmer than your first 
night abroad. 

1783
01:40:04,600 --> 01:40:07,600
Either the temperature is 
actually risen or you've adapted

1784
01:40:07,600 --> 01:40:10,800
to the cold in your cabin, 
preparing for bed. 

1785
01:40:10,800 --> 01:40:13,900
You reflect on the cultural 
snapshot, this Voyage 

1786
01:40:13,900 --> 01:40:17,900
represents. 
Particular moment in time, April

1787
01:40:17,900 --> 01:40:21,500
1912, when technology had 
Advanced far enough to make 

1788
01:40:21,500 --> 01:40:24,600
ocean Crossings comfortable, but
not so far as to make them 

1789
01:40:24,600 --> 01:40:27,300
routine. 
When wealthy passengers could 

1790
01:40:27,300 --> 01:40:30,100
experience luxury that previous 
generations would have 

1791
01:40:30,100 --> 01:40:33,700
considered impossible. 
When the world felt both larger 

1792
01:40:33,700 --> 01:40:38,000
and smaller than ever before 
larger because Global Travel was

1793
01:40:38,000 --> 01:40:41,700
Expanding Horizons smaller 
because technology was 

1794
01:40:41,700 --> 01:40:44,900
connecting distant places. 
This Voyage captures something 

1795
01:40:44,900 --> 01:40:48,300
about early 20th century 
aspirations, the belief that 

1796
01:40:48,300 --> 01:40:50,500
human Ingenuity could solve any 
problem. 

1797
01:40:50,500 --> 01:40:54,000
The confidence that progress was
inevitable and positive. 

1798
01:40:54,000 --> 01:40:56,800
The sense that we were building 
a better world through 

1799
01:40:56,800 --> 01:41:00,300
engineering and Industry. 
You drift towards sleep thinking

1800
01:41:00,300 --> 01:41:04,800
about Titanic as a cultural 
artifact as a symbol and as a 

1801
01:41:04,800 --> 01:41:07,500
representation of an era and 
attitudes. 

1802
01:41:08,300 --> 01:41:11,200
She is more than a ship. 
She's a statement about what 

1803
01:41:11,200 --> 01:41:15,500
humans can achieve about our 
Ambitions and capabilities and 

1804
01:41:15,500 --> 01:41:17,400
determination to conquer 
challenges. 

1805
01:41:17,400 --> 01:41:20,600
The engines robbed steadily 
carrying you through the night, 

1806
01:41:20,600 --> 01:41:24,000
toward New York toward the end 
of this experience taught 

1807
01:41:24,000 --> 01:41:29,300
tomorrow and whatever comes off 
after tonight, right now, you're

1808
01:41:29,300 --> 01:41:33,000
here, part of this moment, 
experiencing something that will

1809
01:41:33,000 --> 01:41:36,600
live in memory long after the 
voyage ends, sleep comes with 

1810
01:41:36,600 --> 01:41:39,900
the gentle rocking of waves 
against the hull, with the 

1811
01:41:39,900 --> 01:41:43,700
whisper of water rushing past, 
and with the distant sound of 

1812
01:41:43,700 --> 01:41:48,300
the Titanic's, orchestra playing
One Last Waltz, before silence 

1813
01:41:48,300 --> 01:41:58,700
claims the night, You wake 
Before Dawn in your Timber 

1814
01:41:58,700 --> 01:42:02,300
framed house, the kind with 
walls that lean slightly Inward 

1815
01:42:02,300 --> 01:42:05,900
and flaws that Creek with the 
memory of 100 footsteps. 

1816
01:42:05,900 --> 01:42:10,500
The room smells of salt and 
smoke that particular blend that

1817
01:42:10,500 --> 01:42:13,700
never quite leaves, Coastal 
homes, no matter how, many times

1818
01:42:13,700 --> 01:42:16,600
you scrub the floorboards 
through the gaps in the 

1819
01:42:16,600 --> 01:42:19,400
shutters, you can hear the 
Harvest stirring, not with 

1820
01:42:19,400 --> 01:42:21,300
sudden noise. 
But with the gradual 

1821
01:42:21,300 --> 01:42:24,200
accumulation of sounds, that 
means the port is stretching 

1822
01:42:24,200 --> 01:42:26,600
awake. 
The first thing, you notice even

1823
01:42:26,600 --> 01:42:30,900
before you're fully conscious, 
is the quality of the air, it's 

1824
01:42:30,900 --> 01:42:34,900
different here than it would be 
Inland heaviest somehow carrying

1825
01:42:34,900 --> 01:42:38,200
the weight of ocean moisture 
mixed with the earthy, ascents 

1826
01:42:38,200 --> 01:42:41,400
of fish and Tara and wet rope 
your lungs, have grown. 

1827
01:42:41,400 --> 01:42:43,700
So accustomed to the particular 
atmosphere. 

1828
01:42:43,700 --> 01:42:47,600
That you'd probably feel uneasy 
breathing anything else when 

1829
01:42:47,600 --> 01:42:49,500
your cousin visited from the 
countryside. 

1830
01:42:49,500 --> 01:42:52,300
Last Summer, She complained that
the air felt thick enough to 

1831
01:42:52,308 --> 01:42:56,200
chew, you hadn't known what she 
meant to visited her farm and 

1832
01:42:56,200 --> 01:43:00,400
found herself. gasping at Health
thin and Empty the Inland air 

1833
01:43:00,400 --> 01:43:04,000
seemed he swing your legs out of
bed feet finding the wooden 

1834
01:43:04,000 --> 01:43:05,800
floor. 
That's always slightly damp this

1835
01:43:05,800 --> 01:43:08,900
close to the water. 
Cold travels up through your 

1836
01:43:08,900 --> 01:43:13,000
souls the morning, greeting, 
you've learned to expect your 

1837
01:43:13,000 --> 01:43:15,400
house, sits three streets back 
from the main Wharf. 

1838
01:43:15,400 --> 01:43:19,200
Close enough that you can gauge 
the tide by sound alone. 

1839
01:43:20,000 --> 01:43:23,300
Right now, it's coming in. 
You can tell, by the way, the 

1840
01:43:23,300 --> 01:43:26,700
water slaps against the dock 
pilings, with a particular Halo 

1841
01:43:26,700 --> 01:43:30,500
Rhythm, When the tide goes out, 
the sound changes entirely 

1842
01:43:30,500 --> 01:43:34,000
becoming more of a sucking, 
whisper, as the sea Retreats 

1843
01:43:34,000 --> 01:43:37,400
across the mud flats. 
The pre-dawn light filtering 

1844
01:43:37,400 --> 01:43:40,200
through your shutters has that 
strange quality. 

1845
01:43:40,200 --> 01:43:44,100
You've learned means fog not the
thick piece super that sometimes

1846
01:43:44,100 --> 01:43:47,500
role in during Autumn but the 
light morning Haze that will 

1847
01:43:47,500 --> 01:43:50,400
burn off by mid-morning. 
Once the sun gains proper 

1848
01:43:50,400 --> 01:43:53,300
strength, you've learned to read
whether the way, some people 

1849
01:43:53,300 --> 01:43:56,900
read books interpreting signs, 
that would mean nothing to 

1850
01:43:56,900 --> 01:43:59,900
someone who didn't live by the 
Seas, moods dressing in the 

1851
01:43:59,900 --> 01:44:01,800
half-life you pull on the same 
layers. 

1852
01:44:01,800 --> 01:44:05,300
You were yesterday the ones that
smell least of fish and sweat 

1853
01:44:05,300 --> 01:44:09,200
laundry happens when it happens.
Usually when your daughter 

1854
01:44:09,200 --> 01:44:11,900
complains that your shirt could 
probably walk to the washing tub

1855
01:44:11,900 --> 01:44:14,600
by itself. 
The fashion here runs toward 

1856
01:44:14,600 --> 01:44:17,800
practical rather than decorative
Woolen bridges. 

1857
01:44:17,800 --> 01:44:20,900
That can survive salt spray a 
linen shirt that has been 

1858
01:44:20,908 --> 01:44:22,700
mended. 
So many times, the original 

1859
01:44:22,700 --> 01:44:26,700
fabric is hard to identify and a
leather Jerkins that supposed to

1860
01:44:26,700 --> 01:44:30,100
provide some protection against 
the wind never quite stops 

1861
01:44:30,100 --> 01:44:32,100
blowing. 
By the time you make it down 

1862
01:44:32,100 --> 01:44:34,900
stairs, your wife has already 
coaxed, the kitchen fire back to

1863
01:44:34,908 --> 01:44:37,500
life. 
The half dominates, the main 

1864
01:44:37,500 --> 01:44:40,500
room built large enough that you
could roast a whole sheep. 

1865
01:44:40,500 --> 01:44:42,700
If you were the sort of person 
who could afford whole sheep 

1866
01:44:42,700 --> 01:44:45,300
more, typically at hosts a 
Perpetual pot of something. 

1867
01:44:45,300 --> 01:44:49,100
Usually fish stew or oat 
porridge occasionally both. 

1868
01:44:49,100 --> 01:44:52,500
If you've had a particularly 
good week a fires warmth hasn't 

1869
01:44:52,500 --> 01:44:56,100
spread far yet and the corners 
of the room still hold pockets 

1870
01:44:56,100 --> 01:44:58,300
of cold air that will linger 
until noon. 

1871
01:44:58,300 --> 01:45:00,900
Your wife moves through her 
morning routine with the 

1872
01:45:00,908 --> 01:45:03,600
efficiency of someone who's 
performed the same actions for 

1873
01:45:03,600 --> 01:45:08,000
20 years, Bread from yesterday, 
gets cut into thick slices 

1874
01:45:08,000 --> 01:45:13,500
butter if there's any butter 
more likely just the bread may 

1875
01:45:13,500 --> 01:45:15,400
be softened in whatever's 
warming in the pot. 

1876
01:45:16,200 --> 01:45:19,700
She doesn't say much this early.
Neither of you do morning. 

1877
01:45:19,700 --> 01:45:22,300
Conversation is a luxury for 
people who don't have to be at 

1878
01:45:22,300 --> 01:45:24,800
the Docks before. 
The fishing boats return through

1879
01:45:24,800 --> 01:45:27,700
the open door, you can hear the 
ports morning Symphony beginning

1880
01:45:27,700 --> 01:45:30,500
in Earnest now. 
Someone's hammering, metal 

1881
01:45:30,500 --> 01:45:33,700
against metal, probably the 
Smithy three streets, over 

1882
01:45:33,700 --> 01:45:37,100
getting an early, start on 
whatever repairs accumulated 

1883
01:45:37,100 --> 01:45:40,300
yesterday. 
A dog barks is told to shut up 

1884
01:45:40,300 --> 01:45:43,000
and Barks again. 
Anyway, footsteps on 

1885
01:45:43,000 --> 01:45:45,900
cobblestones dozens of them all 
heading in the same general 

1886
01:45:45,900 --> 01:45:49,800
direction toward the water, you 
eat your bread quickly washing 

1887
01:45:49,800 --> 01:45:52,100
it down with small beer, that 
tastes like it's gone slightly 

1888
01:45:52,100 --> 01:45:55,300
off but probably hasn't 
everything tastes like, it's 

1889
01:45:55,300 --> 01:45:58,700
gone slightly off when you live 
this close to fish markets, your

1890
01:45:58,700 --> 01:46:02,100
youngest daughter appears 
already dressed, looking more 

1891
01:46:02,100 --> 01:46:04,200
awake than any child. 
Should at this hour. 

1892
01:46:04,200 --> 01:46:06,900
She's reached that age where she
wants to be involved in 

1893
01:46:06,900 --> 01:46:09,300
everything. 
Ask questions about ship rigging

1894
01:46:09,300 --> 01:46:12,000
and cargo manifests. 
And why exactly ships floating 

1895
01:46:12,000 --> 01:46:15,100
the first place you've tried 
explaining about displacement 

1896
01:46:15,100 --> 01:46:17,600
and hulls and why is better than
Pine? 

1897
01:46:17,600 --> 01:46:20,800
But your understanding of these 
matters is more practical than 

1898
01:46:20,800 --> 01:46:23,800
theoretical ship's float, 
because their belt, right? 

1899
01:46:23,800 --> 01:46:27,600
And they sink when they're not, 
that's the extent of your Naval 

1900
01:46:27,600 --> 01:46:30,500
architecture. 
Expertise, Outside. 

1901
01:46:30,500 --> 01:46:33,800
The sky is lightened enough that
you can make out the mask in the

1902
01:46:33,800 --> 01:46:36,800
harbor. 
They rise like a forest of bare 

1903
01:46:36,800 --> 01:46:39,100
trees. 
Swaying slightly, even though 

1904
01:46:39,100 --> 01:46:42,500
there's barely any wind yet. 
Counting them has become a 

1905
01:46:42,500 --> 01:46:45,200
habit. 
You do it without thinking the 

1906
01:46:45,200 --> 01:46:46,600
same way. 
You might count your children 

1907
01:46:46,600 --> 01:46:50,300
before bed, to make sure 
everyone's home. 23 ships are 

1908
01:46:50,300 --> 01:46:53,200
currently at anchor, which means
business is decent, but not 

1909
01:46:53,200 --> 01:46:55,500
booming. 
During the height of Summer, 

1910
01:46:55,500 --> 01:46:59,600
you've seen 40 or more crowding,
the harbor, the crews competing 

1911
01:46:59,600 --> 01:47:01,900
for dock space and unloading 
priority. 

1912
01:47:01,900 --> 01:47:05,000
The walk to the Waterfront takes
you through streets that grow 

1913
01:47:05,000 --> 01:47:06,900
narrower, the closer you get to 
the docks. 

1914
01:47:07,600 --> 01:47:11,300
Houses, lean toward each other, 
overhead upper storeys jutting 

1915
01:47:11,300 --> 01:47:12,800
out far. 
Enough that neighbors could 

1916
01:47:12,808 --> 01:47:16,000
Shake Hands Across The Gap. 
If they wanted to the streets, 

1917
01:47:16,000 --> 01:47:20,000
themselves are less streets and 
more suggestions cobblestones 

1918
01:47:20,000 --> 01:47:21,700
laid down. 
Whenever someone got around to 

1919
01:47:21,700 --> 01:47:25,300
it, filling in the gaps between 
buildings that were constructed.

1920
01:47:25,300 --> 01:47:29,000
According to no particular plan,
you navigate more by muscle 

1921
01:47:29,000 --> 01:47:32,700
memory than sight knowing which 
Corners to cut and which puddles

1922
01:47:32,700 --> 01:47:36,800
never drain even in drought. 
Other workers appear from 

1923
01:47:36,800 --> 01:47:40,200
doorways and allies joining. 
The general flow toward the 

1924
01:47:40,200 --> 01:47:42,600
harbor. 
You recognize most of them by 

1925
01:47:42,600 --> 01:47:45,600
silhouette alone. 
There's Willem who works the 

1926
01:47:45,600 --> 01:47:47,800
crane that hoist cargo from ship
to shore. 

1927
01:47:48,600 --> 01:47:50,600
Margaret who sells bread to 
Sailors? 

1928
01:47:50,600 --> 01:47:53,200
Fresh Off. 
Long voyages, young Thomas, 

1929
01:47:53,200 --> 01:47:55,700
whose Apprentice to a wrote 
maker and always smells like 

1930
01:47:55,700 --> 01:47:58,400
hemp. 
Nobody talks much, it's too 

1931
01:47:58,400 --> 01:48:02,000
early for conversation and 
besides you'll have 12 hours 

1932
01:48:02,000 --> 01:48:05,100
together at the Docks to say, 
whatever needs saying the harbor

1933
01:48:05,100 --> 01:48:09,000
itself opens up Suddenly, the 
cramped streets giving way to a 

1934
01:48:09,000 --> 01:48:11,800
wide expanse of wolves and 
warehouses and water. 

1935
01:48:11,800 --> 01:48:15,800
The fog, sits heavier here, 
softening the edges of 

1936
01:48:15,800 --> 01:48:18,800
everything so that distance 
ships look like ghosts vessels 

1937
01:48:18,800 --> 01:48:21,600
from some Legend. 
The water surface is glass 

1938
01:48:21,600 --> 01:48:24,000
smooth in the protected Harbor 
broken. 

1939
01:48:24,000 --> 01:48:27,000
Only by the occasional ripple 
from a fish or the wake of an 

1940
01:48:27,000 --> 01:48:30,600
early rowing boat, you can smell
breakfast cooking on several of 

1941
01:48:30,600 --> 01:48:32,700
the anchored ship's, bacon and 
onions. 

1942
01:48:32,700 --> 01:48:36,300
If your nose isn't lying Sailors
who've been at sea for weeks 

1943
01:48:36,300 --> 01:48:38,900
often cook elaborate meals their
first morning in Port 

1944
01:48:38,900 --> 01:48:41,700
celebrating, the availability of
fresh food. 

1945
01:48:41,700 --> 01:48:44,800
That doesn't need to be pickled 
or salted or dried until it's 

1946
01:48:44,800 --> 01:48:47,600
practically inedible. 
The smell makes your stomach, 

1947
01:48:47,600 --> 01:48:50,500
remind you that Bread alone does
not constitute a proper 

1948
01:48:50,500 --> 01:48:52,400
breakfast that there's no help 
for it. 

1949
01:48:52,400 --> 01:48:56,600
Now, the wharf Master is already
at his post which surprises 

1950
01:48:56,600 --> 01:48:59,800
nobody because the wharf Master 
is all always at his post. 

1951
01:48:59,800 --> 01:49:03,600
You've sometimes wondered if he 
actually sleeps there killed up 

1952
01:49:03,600 --> 01:49:06,600
in the small office that shuts 
out over the water like a wooden

1953
01:49:06,600 --> 01:49:09,700
growth. 
He nods as you pass checking 

1954
01:49:09,700 --> 01:49:13,300
your face against some internal 
roster, he maintains, he knows 

1955
01:49:13,300 --> 01:49:16,100
everyone who works. 
The docks knows who's reliable 

1956
01:49:16,100 --> 01:49:19,300
and who needs watching? 
You can be trusted with delicate

1957
01:49:19,300 --> 01:49:22,000
cargo. 
And who should only handle sacks

1958
01:49:22,000 --> 01:49:24,800
of grain, that can survive a 
drop or two your job. 

1959
01:49:24,800 --> 01:49:27,900
Today, assuming the ship's 
cooperate will involve 

1960
01:49:27,900 --> 01:49:31,300
unloading, whatever cargo needs 
unloading and loading, whatever 

1961
01:49:31,300 --> 01:49:35,500
cargo needs loading. 
It's not complicated work but 

1962
01:49:35,500 --> 01:49:39,100
it's particular every type of 
goods requires its own handling.

1963
01:49:39,100 --> 01:49:42,500
You don't stack barrels of wine.
The same way, you stack crates 

1964
01:49:42,500 --> 01:49:45,900
of pottery and you definitely 
don't approach bales of wool the

1965
01:49:45,900 --> 01:49:49,300
same way you'd approach casts of
gunpowder, you've learned these 

1966
01:49:49,300 --> 01:49:52,700
distinctions the way you learn 
to walk through a combination of

1967
01:49:52,700 --> 01:49:56,900
instruction observation and 
occasional painful mistakes. 

1968
01:49:56,900 --> 01:50:00,200
The first ship scheduled to 
unload this morning sits low in 

1969
01:50:00,200 --> 01:50:03,800
the water, which means she's 
carrying something heavy lead 

1970
01:50:03,800 --> 01:50:08,300
may be or iron bars or possibly 
just a massive quantity of salt,

1971
01:50:08,300 --> 01:50:11,500
you'll find out soon enough. 
The crew is already moving 

1972
01:50:11,500 --> 01:50:14,300
around on Deck, preparing lines 
and checking the rigging. 

1973
01:50:15,100 --> 01:50:18,200
Sailors, move with a particular 
Grace that land dwellers never 

1974
01:50:18,200 --> 01:50:21,100
quite achieve balancing on 
surfaces. 

1975
01:50:21,100 --> 01:50:25,700
That shift and tilt, making it 
look effortless, the sun breaks 

1976
01:50:25,700 --> 01:50:27,900
through the fog. 
Just enough to turn the harbor 

1977
01:50:27,900 --> 01:50:31,500
into something, almost beautiful
like, reflects off the water and

1978
01:50:31,500 --> 01:50:35,000
shifting patterns and for a 
moment you can see why painters 

1979
01:50:35,000 --> 01:50:38,200
sometimes set up easels along 
the Waterfront, trying to 

1980
01:50:38,200 --> 01:50:41,100
capture this particular quality 
of morning on canvas. 

1981
01:50:41,100 --> 01:50:43,700
Then someone drops a barrel 
behind you. 

1982
01:50:43,700 --> 01:50:48,300
The crash destroying any poetic 
and Beyonds and the workday 

1983
01:50:48,300 --> 01:50:51,900
properly begins. 
Your house like every house 

1984
01:50:51,900 --> 01:50:55,300
within shouting distance of the 
harbor Bears, the marks of its 

1985
01:50:55,300 --> 01:50:58,600
proximity to saltwater. 
The wooden shutters have that 

1986
01:50:58,600 --> 01:51:01,900
bleached weather look that comes
from constant exposure to see 

1987
01:51:01,900 --> 01:51:06,300
are The nails holding them in 
place, show, Orange traces of 

1988
01:51:06,300 --> 01:51:09,900
rust and no matter how often 
their place, even the stones in 

1989
01:51:09,900 --> 01:51:13,200
the foundation of taking on a 
dark and damp appearance that 

1990
01:51:13,200 --> 01:51:17,000
never quite dries out, as if 
they've absorbed so much 

1991
01:51:17,000 --> 01:51:19,700
moisture over the years that 
they've given up trying to be 

1992
01:51:19,700 --> 01:51:23,100
properly dry inside. 
The battle against dampness is 

1993
01:51:23,100 --> 01:51:27,400
constant and never truly one, 
your wife maintains a vigil that

1994
01:51:27,400 --> 01:51:31,100
would put Castle guards to 
shame, checking corners for mold

1995
01:51:31,100 --> 01:51:34,500
airing out bedding, whenever the
weather permits and burning 

1996
01:51:34,500 --> 01:51:36,900
herbs, that supposedly help. 
Prevent rot. 

1997
01:51:37,500 --> 01:51:40,600
Smell of lavender, and rosemary 
is nearly as constant as the 

1998
01:51:40,600 --> 01:51:43,000
smell of salt. 
And while it doesn't actually 

1999
01:51:43,000 --> 01:51:45,900
stop the dampness. 
It at least makes the dampness 

2000
01:51:45,900 --> 01:51:48,400
smell better. 
The house itself is three 

2001
01:51:48,400 --> 01:51:51,500
stories of Timber and plaster 
though, calling the third story 

2002
01:51:51,500 --> 01:51:55,600
a proper floor is generous it's 
more of a large attic where your

2003
01:51:55,600 --> 01:51:58,200
older children sleep and where 
you store things that need to be

2004
01:51:58,200 --> 01:52:02,300
kept dry, which is ironic 
because the roof leaks in at 

2005
01:52:02,300 --> 01:52:05,700
least four places that, you 
know, about And probably several

2006
01:52:05,700 --> 01:52:07,200
more that you haven't discovered
yet. 

2007
01:52:08,100 --> 01:52:11,500
Every Heavy Rain becomes an 
exercise in strategic bucket 

2008
01:52:11,500 --> 01:52:14,800
placement, the main living area,
occupies the ground floor 

2009
01:52:14,800 --> 01:52:16,500
centered around that massive 
heart. 

2010
01:52:17,300 --> 01:52:20,100
The room serves as kitchen, 
dining room, workshop, and 

2011
01:52:20,100 --> 01:52:22,200
general Gathering space all at 
once. 

2012
01:52:22,200 --> 01:52:25,100
Your wife's Spinning Wheel, sits
in the corner near the window, 

2013
01:52:25,100 --> 01:52:28,200
where the light is best. 
Your daughter's slate for 

2014
01:52:28,200 --> 01:52:31,900
practicing letters, rest on the 
table, surrounded by the crumbs 

2015
01:52:31,900 --> 01:52:34,800
of countless meals. 
The cabinet that belonged to 

2016
01:52:34,808 --> 01:52:37,900
your wife's grandmother stands 
against one wall his shells. 

2017
01:52:37,900 --> 01:52:40,600
Displaying the few pieces of 
pottery, nice enough to be shown

2018
01:52:40,600 --> 01:52:44,000
off rather than used. 
The floor is packed in most 

2019
01:52:44,000 --> 01:52:47,800
rooms covered with rushes that 
need replacing more often than 

2020
01:52:47,800 --> 01:52:51,100
you'd like only the main room 
has actual wooden floorboards. 

2021
01:52:51,100 --> 01:52:54,100
And those are so worn in the 
traffic patterns that you can 

2022
01:52:54,100 --> 01:52:57,400
see the grains standing up in 
ridges, you've thought about 

2023
01:52:57,400 --> 01:53:00,500
sanding them smooth again. 
But that feels like the kind of 

2024
01:53:00,500 --> 01:53:03,300
project that gets perpetually 
postponed in favor of more 

2025
01:53:03,300 --> 01:53:07,100
urgent repairs, the walls are 
supposed to be whitewashed and 

2026
01:53:07,100 --> 01:53:10,500
they are in theory in practice. 
There are Patchwork of different

2027
01:53:10,500 --> 01:53:13,500
shades where you've repaired 
sections or covered stains or 

2028
01:53:13,500 --> 01:53:16,600
just given up and let the 
original plaster show through 

2029
01:53:16,600 --> 01:53:20,200
your wife has hung bundles of 
dried herbs from the ceiling. 

2030
01:53:20,200 --> 01:53:23,700
Beams partly for cooking and 
partly, because she insists, 

2031
01:53:23,700 --> 01:53:26,900
they help with the smell. 
Whether they actually help or 

2032
01:53:26,900 --> 01:53:29,300
just contribute, different 
smells to the existing 

2033
01:53:29,300 --> 01:53:32,600
collection is debatable. 
Furniture is sparse, and 

2034
01:53:32,600 --> 01:53:36,200
practical, the table is Oak. 
Heavy enough that moving. 

2035
01:53:36,200 --> 01:53:39,300
It requires two strong people 
and a sense of purpose. 

2036
01:53:40,300 --> 01:53:43,600
Chairs, don't match 3 came from 
different neighbors. 

2037
01:53:43,600 --> 01:53:46,800
Over the years, one, you built 
yourself during a winter when 

2038
01:53:46,800 --> 01:53:50,300
there wasn't enough dock work. 
And the smallest one was a gift 

2039
01:53:50,308 --> 01:53:53,000
from your brother-in-law who 
felt guilty about something 

2040
01:53:53,000 --> 01:53:56,200
you've since forgotten. 
None of them are particularly 

2041
01:53:56,200 --> 01:53:59,900
comfortable, but Comfort isn't 
really the point of chairs in a 

2042
01:53:59,900 --> 01:54:03,900
working household. 
The second floor holds the 

2043
01:54:03,900 --> 01:54:07,000
sleeping quarters divided by 
thin walls. 

2044
01:54:07,000 --> 01:54:09,900
That don't reach all the way to 
the ceiling privacy. 

2045
01:54:09,900 --> 01:54:13,300
Is More Concept than reality. 
You can hear your neighbor's 

2046
01:54:13,300 --> 01:54:16,200
arguments through the shared 
wall, and they can undoubtedly 

2047
01:54:16,200 --> 01:54:18,700
hear yours. 
You've learned to recognize 

2048
01:54:18,700 --> 01:54:22,500
their footsteps and know their 
routines almost as well as your 

2049
01:54:22,500 --> 01:54:26,200
own when their baby was sick 
lost month, everyone within 

2050
01:54:26,200 --> 01:54:29,900
three houses, lost sleep 
together, Your bedroom contains 

2051
01:54:29,900 --> 01:54:34,000
a bed, a chest for storing 
clothes and a small table that 

2052
01:54:34,000 --> 01:54:36,000
holds a candle and whatever 
book. 

2053
01:54:36,000 --> 01:54:39,400
You're currently failing, to 
make time to read the bed itself

2054
01:54:39,400 --> 01:54:42,100
is a construction of rope and a 
straw mattress that needs 

2055
01:54:42,100 --> 01:54:45,800
retightening regularly. 
When the ropes stretch the 

2056
01:54:45,800 --> 01:54:48,500
mattress sags into a shape that 
guarantees a backache. 

2057
01:54:48,500 --> 01:54:51,600
Your wife has mastered the art 
of the Rope bed adjustment, 

2058
01:54:51,600 --> 01:54:54,200
though. 
She claims you deliberately let 

2059
01:54:54,200 --> 01:54:56,000
go too long before mentioning 
the problem. 

2060
01:54:56,800 --> 01:54:59,600
The children share a room that's
theoretically large enough for 

2061
01:54:59,608 --> 01:55:02,200
all of them but practically 
feels like a game of human 

2062
01:55:02,200 --> 01:55:05,700
Tetris. 
Two beds arranged in an l-shape 

2063
01:55:05,700 --> 01:55:08,200
somehow accommodate four 
children through a combination 

2064
01:55:08,200 --> 01:55:11,400
of careful scheduling and the 
youngest ones, being small 

2065
01:55:11,400 --> 01:55:13,500
enough to double up your oldest 
son. 

2066
01:55:13,500 --> 01:55:17,000
Whose nearly grown the started 
making noises about needing his 

2067
01:55:17,000 --> 01:55:19,700
own space. 
You've started making noises 

2068
01:55:19,700 --> 01:55:22,200
back about him, being nearly 
grown enough to find his own 

2069
01:55:22,200 --> 01:55:25,500
lodging. 
Water is a constant concern. 

2070
01:55:25,500 --> 01:55:28,600
You have a well in the tiny 
Courtyard behind the house, 

2071
01:55:28,600 --> 01:55:32,700
shared with two other families. 
The water tastes metallic and 

2072
01:55:32,700 --> 01:55:36,500
slightly off, but at least it's 
reliably wet for washing. 

2073
01:55:36,500 --> 01:55:38,700
You collect rainwater in 
barrels. 

2074
01:55:38,700 --> 01:55:41,800
When you can, though the same 
range that fills your barrels. 

2075
01:55:41,800 --> 01:55:43,600
All so Finds Its way through 
your roof. 

2076
01:55:43,600 --> 01:55:46,500
There's probably a metaphor in 
there somewhere about the 

2077
01:55:46,500 --> 01:55:49,400
double-edged nature of 
blessings, but you're too tired 

2078
01:55:49,400 --> 01:55:52,900
to work it out. 
Courtyard serves as an outdoor 

2079
01:55:52,900 --> 01:55:57,300
workspace, the storage area and 
the place where things go to be 

2080
01:55:57,300 --> 01:56:00,400
forgotten old barrels. 
That might be useful someday 

2081
01:56:00,400 --> 01:56:03,700
lean against the wall lengths of
rope, to short, for dock work 

2082
01:56:03,700 --> 01:56:07,100
but too long to throw away. 
Hang from pegs, your wife's 

2083
01:56:07,100 --> 01:56:10,400
washing line stretches across 
the space currently empty but 

2084
01:56:10,400 --> 01:56:12,400
destined to be full of laundry 
by afternoon. 

2085
01:56:12,400 --> 01:56:15,800
If the weather holds the privy 
occupies one corner of the 

2086
01:56:15,808 --> 01:56:19,700
courtyard, a wooden structure 
that is exactly as pleasant as 

2087
01:56:19,700 --> 01:56:22,700
you'd expect for something. 
That's essentially a shed with a

2088
01:56:22,700 --> 01:56:24,800
hole in. 
It, it's positioned downwind 

2089
01:56:24,800 --> 01:56:28,000
from the house which helps in 
theory, but matters less. 

2090
01:56:28,000 --> 01:56:30,800
When you consider that the wind 
here, changes Direction about 

2091
01:56:30,800 --> 01:56:34,100
six times, a day, your children 
have developed, impressive, 

2092
01:56:34,100 --> 01:56:37,500
bladder control, as a result of 
wanting to avoid nighttime trips

2093
01:56:37,500 --> 01:56:39,900
to the out house. 
The neighbors, on your left 

2094
01:56:39,900 --> 01:56:41,700
side, are a family of rope 
makers. 

2095
01:56:41,700 --> 01:56:44,900
You can hear the rhythmic 
whacking of their work through 

2096
01:56:44,900 --> 01:56:47,600
the shared wall. 
The sound that's become so 

2097
01:56:47,600 --> 01:56:49,600
familiar. 
You barely notice it anymore. 

2098
01:56:49,600 --> 01:56:52,300
The neighbor's on your Right. 
Or a widow and her adult 

2099
01:56:52,300 --> 01:56:55,600
daughter who taking soothing The
daughter has a voice that 

2100
01:56:55,600 --> 01:56:59,300
carries particularly when she is
arguing with suitors, which is 

2101
01:56:59,308 --> 01:57:02,700
often, you know, more about her 
romantic life than you've ever 

2102
01:57:02,700 --> 01:57:05,900
wanted to know. 
Your street like most streets in

2103
01:57:05,900 --> 01:57:07,900
this part of town lacks an 
official name. 

2104
01:57:07,900 --> 01:57:11,500
People call it the street where 
the sail-maker used to live. 

2105
01:57:12,300 --> 01:57:15,500
even though the sail-maker moved
away, seven years ago, and was 

2106
01:57:15,500 --> 01:57:19,600
replaced by a man who repairs 
Nets This seems to bother the 

2107
01:57:19,600 --> 01:57:22,500
net repairman but not enough for
him to do anything about it. 

2108
01:57:22,500 --> 01:57:25,600
Trying to change, what people 
call a street is like trying to 

2109
01:57:25,600 --> 01:57:29,300
change the tides schedule, 
theoretically possible, but 

2110
01:57:29,300 --> 01:57:32,500
practically pointless. 
The house is crowd together with

2111
01:57:32,500 --> 01:57:35,000
barely enough space between them
for a skinny cat to pass 

2112
01:57:35,000 --> 01:57:37,600
through. 
This isn't by Design, but rather

2113
01:57:37,600 --> 01:57:40,600
by the organic growth of a port 
town, where every square foot of

2114
01:57:40,600 --> 01:57:43,400
land near. 
The docks is valuable building's

2115
01:57:43,400 --> 01:57:44,700
grew up wherever they were 
spaced. 

2116
01:57:44,700 --> 01:57:46,600
Some time. 
Sharing walls. 

2117
01:57:46,600 --> 01:57:49,100
Sometimes using a neighbor's 
wall, as one of your own, 

2118
01:57:49,100 --> 01:57:52,900
creating an architectural, 
Patchwork that follows no plan 

2119
01:57:52,900 --> 01:57:56,800
except the plan of putting a 
roof over your head as close to 

2120
01:57:56,800 --> 01:58:00,400
work as possible. 
Windows are small and few 

2121
01:58:00,400 --> 01:58:04,500
glasses expensive and shutters 
of just fine for most purposes. 

2122
01:58:04,500 --> 01:58:08,900
Your house has actual glass in 
two windows, both on the street 

2123
01:58:08,900 --> 01:58:10,400
side, where visitors might see 
them. 

2124
01:58:10,400 --> 01:58:14,500
The glass is thick and wavy 
making everything outside looks 

2125
01:58:14,500 --> 01:58:17,900
slightly distorted. 
Lets in light, while keeping out

2126
01:58:17,900 --> 01:58:21,300
with. 
That counts as luxury here, the 

2127
01:58:21,300 --> 01:58:25,600
door to the street is Oak, 
reinforced with iron bands and 

2128
01:58:25,600 --> 01:58:28,200
heavy enough that your youngest 
daughter can't open it without 

2129
01:58:28,200 --> 01:58:30,900
help. 
It's barred at night with a 

2130
01:58:30,900 --> 01:58:34,400
beam, as thick as your forearm, 
the harbor attracts, all sorts. 

2131
01:58:34,400 --> 01:58:37,000
And while your neighborhood 
isn't particularly dangerous, 

2132
01:58:37,000 --> 01:58:38,500
it's not particularly safe 
either. 

2133
01:58:39,300 --> 01:58:42,500
Things disappear from Courtyards
trunk Sailors. 

2134
01:58:42,500 --> 01:58:44,800
Looking for lodging. 
Sometimes try doors to see if 

2135
01:58:44,800 --> 01:58:48,200
they're open better to Bar the 
door and sleep soundly than 

2136
01:58:48,200 --> 01:58:49,800
trust in the kindness of 
strangers. 

2137
01:58:49,800 --> 01:58:53,800
Even in your home means 
Candlelight and fire like and 

2138
01:58:53,800 --> 01:58:56,600
trying to accomplish whatever 
needs accomplishing before, 

2139
01:58:56,600 --> 01:59:00,200
Darkness makes it impossible. 
Your wife so by the fire 

2140
01:59:00,200 --> 01:59:03,600
squinting at her work, your 
children do their chores with 

2141
01:59:03,600 --> 01:59:05,900
varying degrees of enthusiasm 
and success. 

2142
01:59:05,900 --> 01:59:09,000
You might repair some piece of 
equipment that broke during the 

2143
01:59:09,000 --> 01:59:13,400
day or sharpen tools, or just 
sit and feel your back complain 

2144
01:59:13,400 --> 01:59:16,400
about the 12 hours of lifting. 
You put it through the house. 

2145
01:59:16,400 --> 01:59:19,500
Settles as it cools making 
creaking and popping sounds that

2146
01:59:19,500 --> 01:59:22,700
you've learned to distinguish 
from the sound of actual 

2147
01:59:22,700 --> 01:59:25,400
problems. 
There's the post that always 

2148
01:59:25,400 --> 01:59:28,700
grows when the temperature 
drops, the board near the window

2149
01:59:28,700 --> 01:59:32,600
that clicks when stepped on just
write the rfta that scrapes 

2150
01:59:32,600 --> 01:59:34,900
against its neighbor when the 
wind comes from the East. 

2151
01:59:34,900 --> 01:59:39,500
These are the nighttime sounds 
of your home as familiar as your

2152
01:59:39,500 --> 01:59:42,100
own breathing. 
When you finally head upstairs 

2153
01:59:42,100 --> 01:59:46,600
to sleep, the days work sits in 
your muscles, like stones, the 

2154
01:59:46,600 --> 01:59:48,200
bed sag becomes almost 
comfortable. 

2155
01:59:48,200 --> 01:59:51,300
When you're this tired through 
the walls, you can hear your 

2156
01:59:51,300 --> 01:59:54,500
neighbors settling in as well. 
Footsteps overhead voices 

2157
01:59:54,500 --> 01:59:57,300
through the plaster and the 
general Symphony of people 

2158
01:59:57,300 --> 02:00:01,300
ending their days. 
Outside the Harbour continues, 

2159
02:00:01,300 --> 02:00:04,700
its work, the tides don't care, 
whether you're awake or asleep, 

2160
02:00:04,700 --> 02:00:07,800
ships arrive, and depart by 
their own schedules. 

2161
02:00:07,800 --> 02:00:12,000
The sea keeps its own hours and 
everyone who lives near it to 

2162
02:00:12,000 --> 02:00:15,400
just their lives accordingly. 
The morning Mark, it sets up 

2163
02:00:15,400 --> 02:00:18,600
while you're still holding cargo
at the Docks but you can track 

2164
02:00:18,600 --> 02:00:22,000
its progress by sound. 
First, comes the rumble of 

2165
02:00:22,000 --> 02:00:25,900
cartwheels on cobblestones 
dozens of the converging on the 

2166
02:00:25,900 --> 02:00:27,700
Market Square from different 
directions. 

2167
02:00:27,700 --> 02:00:31,900
Then the shouts, begin vendors, 
claiming their spots are viewing

2168
02:00:31,900 --> 02:00:35,100
over, who was their first and 
negotiating, the invisible 

2169
02:00:35,100 --> 02:00:37,400
boundaries that separate one 
stall from another. 

2170
02:00:37,400 --> 02:00:41,200
By the time, the sun is probably
up, the market is in full voice,

2171
02:00:41,200 --> 02:00:44,600
a cacophony that can be heard 
three streets away. 

2172
02:00:45,700 --> 02:00:48,900
You finish your dock work around
mid-morning your back providing 

2173
02:00:48,900 --> 02:00:50,900
details complaints about every 
barrel. 

2174
02:00:50,900 --> 02:00:54,100
You've lifted the wolf mask 
Italian is your hours on a 

2175
02:00:54,100 --> 02:00:55,400
board. 
That's more scratches and marks 

2176
02:00:55,400 --> 02:00:58,400
than wood at this point. 
Payment happens on Saturday, 

2177
02:00:58,400 --> 02:01:01,500
assuming the merchants actually,
pay the wharf. 

2178
02:01:01,500 --> 02:01:04,500
Master, who pays the dock, 
Foreman, who pays you. 

2179
02:01:04,500 --> 02:01:06,700
It's a system that works until 
it doesn't. 

2180
02:01:06,700 --> 02:01:09,500
And you've learned to keep 
mental track of what your road 

2181
02:01:09,508 --> 02:01:11,000
versus what you've actually 
received. 

2182
02:01:11,900 --> 02:01:14,900
The walk from Dr. Market takes 
you through the commercial heart

2183
02:01:14,900 --> 02:01:17,800
of the port town here, the 
buildings are slightly taller, 

2184
02:01:17,800 --> 02:01:21,600
slightly better maintained, and 
bearing signs that advertise 

2185
02:01:21,600 --> 02:01:25,700
their Wares, A Ship Chandler, 
occupies a corner, building his 

2186
02:01:25,700 --> 02:01:28,500
windows, full of rope and canvas
and mysterious brass 

2187
02:01:28,500 --> 02:01:30,800
instruments. 
That supposedly help with 

2188
02:01:30,800 --> 02:01:34,900
navigation next to him, a Tavern
is already doing steady business

2189
02:01:34,900 --> 02:01:38,700
despite the hour Sailors operate
on their own schedules. 

2190
02:01:38,700 --> 02:01:42,500
And when you've just spent six 
weeks, at Sea, 10 in the morning

2191
02:01:42,500 --> 02:01:46,500
feels perfectly reasonable for a
drink, a man selling broadsheet 

2192
02:01:46,500 --> 02:01:48,800
stands near the market entrance.
Shouting. 

2193
02:01:48,800 --> 02:01:52,100
Headlines about wars and kings, 
and events that may or may not 

2194
02:01:52,100 --> 02:01:54,500
be true. 
You've learned to be skeptical 

2195
02:01:54,500 --> 02:01:57,900
of news that comes printed on 
cheap paper but people buy the 

2196
02:01:57,900 --> 02:02:00,000
sheets. 
Anyway, hungry for information 

2197
02:02:00,000 --> 02:02:03,500
about The Wider world, the 
printer makes most of his money 

2198
02:02:03,500 --> 02:02:07,200
from the advertisements on the 
back page, notices about ships 

2199
02:02:07,200 --> 02:02:11,400
to parting cargo for sale and 
rewards for runaway apprentices.

2200
02:02:11,400 --> 02:02:13,800
The Market Square isn't actually
Square. 

2201
02:02:13,800 --> 02:02:17,100
It's more of an, a regular 
polygon that exists in the space

2202
02:02:17,100 --> 02:02:19,800
between buildings that were put 
up without much concerned for 

2203
02:02:19,800 --> 02:02:22,300
specific planning. 
Someone tried to organize it 

2204
02:02:22,300 --> 02:02:26,300
once painting lines to Mark, 
Stahl locations, but the lines 

2205
02:02:26,300 --> 02:02:28,000
of long since faded and been 
ignored. 

2206
02:02:28,000 --> 02:02:31,100
Anyway, stall placement is 
determined by tradition, 

2207
02:02:31,100 --> 02:02:35,300
seniority, and occasionally, by 
who's willing to show up early 

2208
02:02:35,300 --> 02:02:38,600
as to claim the best spots. 
The fish sellers occupied, the 

2209
02:02:38,600 --> 02:02:41,800
section near the docks which 
makes sense given their products

2210
02:02:41,800 --> 02:02:44,700
freshness requirements. 
They have arranged their Wares 

2211
02:02:44,700 --> 02:02:47,900
on tables. 
Covered with seaweed Fish laid 

2212
02:02:47,900 --> 02:02:50,900
out in neat rows, that disguise 
the fact that most of these fish

2213
02:02:50,900 --> 02:02:53,900
were swimming yesterday. 
The sellers keep up a constant 

2214
02:02:53,900 --> 02:02:57,300
patter praising their fishes. 
Firm flesh and Clear Eyes. 

2215
02:02:57,300 --> 02:03:00,400
Claiming each catch is the 
finest of the morning. 

2216
02:03:00,400 --> 02:03:02,900
You've learned to judge fish 
quality yourself. 

2217
02:03:02,900 --> 02:03:07,100
The eyes are indeed important. 
So is the smell, the texture of 

2218
02:03:07,108 --> 02:03:09,900
the skin and whether the gills 
are still bright red. 

2219
02:03:09,900 --> 02:03:14,100
A woman, you've known for years,
Margaret of the good fish spots,

2220
02:03:14,100 --> 02:03:16,700
you and gestures to order. 
Particularly nice looking Cod 

2221
02:03:16,700 --> 02:03:18,700
you examine it with the 
seriousness. 

2222
02:03:18,700 --> 02:03:21,300
It deserves checking for the 
signs. 

2223
02:03:21,300 --> 02:03:25,100
That separate merely acceptable,
fish from genuinely good fish. 

2224
02:03:26,200 --> 02:03:29,100
Flesh Springs. 
Back, when you press it, the 

2225
02:03:29,100 --> 02:03:32,400
eyes have not clouded. 
Margaret watches this inspection

2226
02:03:32,400 --> 02:03:34,200
with the patience of someone who
knows. 

2227
02:03:34,200 --> 02:03:37,800
Her product is solid. 
You negotiate a price that's 

2228
02:03:37,800 --> 02:03:41,000
probably fair to both of you. 
Are you both pretend to be 

2229
02:03:41,008 --> 02:03:44,700
slightly dissatisfied? 
It's expected beyond the fish 

2230
02:03:44,700 --> 02:03:49,000
sellers, the market spreads into
other Specialties vegetables 

2231
02:03:49,000 --> 02:03:52,200
from local farms looking 
somewhat sad this late in Autumn

2232
02:03:52,200 --> 02:03:55,000
but still edible bread from 
three different Bakers. 

2233
02:03:55,000 --> 02:03:58,700
Each claiming superiority over 
the others in ways that seem to 

2234
02:03:58,700 --> 02:04:02,800
involve ancient grudges and 
complicated, family histories, a

2235
02:04:02,800 --> 02:04:06,600
woman sells eggs from a cart, 
the eggs, nested in straw, and 

2236
02:04:06,600 --> 02:04:09,000
swears these are from her own 
chickens even though everyone 

2237
02:04:09,000 --> 02:04:11,200
knows she buys them from a 
farmer 10 miles. 

2238
02:04:11,200 --> 02:04:13,900
Inland and marks. 
The mop, the butcher operates 

2239
02:04:13,900 --> 02:04:17,000
from a permanent stalls. 
That's more shops and stall with

2240
02:04:17,000 --> 02:04:20,400
actual walls and a roof and a 
counter one Smooth by years of 

2241
02:04:20,400 --> 02:04:24,200
transactions. 
He's got mutton today and pork 

2242
02:04:24,200 --> 02:04:27,500
and something he claims as beef,
but might be old dairy cow. 

2243
02:04:27,500 --> 02:04:30,600
The price is a higher enough 
that you mentally calculate, 

2244
02:04:30,600 --> 02:04:33,500
whether you can afford me this 
week or whether you're looking 

2245
02:04:33,500 --> 02:04:37,100
at another few days of fishing 
bread, your wife has opinions 

2246
02:04:37,100 --> 02:04:40,900
about your fish and bread diet. 
specifically, that she is tired 

2247
02:04:40,900 --> 02:04:44,500
of cooking it and you're all 
tired of eating it Cloth sellers

2248
02:04:44,500 --> 02:04:48,300
occupy a favored position near 
the Market Center, their Wares, 

2249
02:04:48,300 --> 02:04:50,100
colorful enough to attract 
attention. 

2250
02:04:50,100 --> 02:04:53,800
Most of what their selling is 
wool, practical, warm and 

2251
02:04:53,800 --> 02:04:57,500
waterproof when properly treated
But there are also Linens for 

2252
02:04:57,500 --> 02:05:00,700
those who can afford them and 
even a few pieces of silk for 

2253
02:05:00,700 --> 02:05:03,100
those who can afford them and 
want everyone to know it. 

2254
02:05:03,100 --> 02:05:05,800
You finger a piece of wool that 
would make a good winter. 

2255
02:05:05,800 --> 02:05:09,000
Cloak calculate the cost against
your recent earnings and move 

2256
02:05:09,000 --> 02:05:11,600
on. 
Winter is coming, but it's not 

2257
02:05:11,600 --> 02:05:14,400
here yet. 
The general Goods Merchant has 

2258
02:05:14,400 --> 02:05:17,900
spread an impressive array of 
items across two tables, Nails 

2259
02:05:17,900 --> 02:05:22,300
knives, cooking pots, needles 
thread buttons, buckles and 

2260
02:05:22,300 --> 02:05:26,400
mysterious items whose purposes 
you can only guess at its price 

2261
02:05:26,400 --> 02:05:29,400
is a higher than they should be.
But he's the only source for 

2262
02:05:29,408 --> 02:05:31,500
many of these Goods. 
Unless you want to wait for a 

2263
02:05:31,500 --> 02:05:35,400
ship from London, to bring 
specialized items, he knows this

2264
02:05:35,400 --> 02:05:39,100
and prices accordingly. 
This is seller has actual cheese

2265
02:05:39,100 --> 02:05:42,800
from actual dairy cows aged in 
caves somewhere in London. 

2266
02:05:42,800 --> 02:05:45,900
And the smell alone is enough to
make your mouth water. 

2267
02:05:45,900 --> 02:05:48,900
You buy a small round of 
something hard and yellow. 

2268
02:05:48,900 --> 02:05:51,200
That the seller promises will 
lost through winter without 

2269
02:05:51,200 --> 02:05:53,900
going bad weather. 
It will last through winter in 

2270
02:05:53,900 --> 02:05:57,300
your house, is another question,
your children have been known to

2271
02:05:57,300 --> 02:06:00,600
chip pieces off when they think 
nobody's watching spice is 

2272
02:06:00,600 --> 02:06:03,300
occupier corner of the market, 
where a merchant who considers 

2273
02:06:03,300 --> 02:06:06,500
himself several steps of the 
common vendors, a setup, 

2274
02:06:06,508 --> 02:06:08,000
something approaching a proper 
shot. 

2275
02:06:08,900 --> 02:06:12,100
He's got pepper which is 
expensive but worth it cinnamon 

2276
02:06:12,100 --> 02:06:14,800
which is more expensive and 
possibly worth it. 

2277
02:06:14,800 --> 02:06:18,200
If you're the sort of person who
put cinnamon in things Strange 

2278
02:06:18,200 --> 02:06:20,300
powders in jars labeled with 
names. 

2279
02:06:20,300 --> 02:06:22,600
You can't pronounce which he 
swears. 

2280
02:06:22,600 --> 02:06:26,100
Will transform ordinary food 
into extraordinary food your 

2281
02:06:26,100 --> 02:06:28,800
skeptical but your wife is 
expressed interest in something 

2282
02:06:28,800 --> 02:06:31,700
called cardamom. 
So you inquire about prices and 

2283
02:06:31,700 --> 02:06:35,300
immediately regret it. 
A Potter sells bowls and cups 

2284
02:06:35,300 --> 02:06:37,300
and plates. 
All of them, Brown, and 

2285
02:06:37,300 --> 02:06:39,400
practical and approximately the 
same shape. 

2286
02:06:39,400 --> 02:06:43,300
He's been at this corner for 15 
years and every house in the 

2287
02:06:43,300 --> 02:06:45,600
neighborhood contains at least 
three of his bowls. 

2288
02:06:45,600 --> 02:06:48,700
They're not beautiful, but 
they're cheap and they don't 

2289
02:06:48,700 --> 02:06:51,400
break easily, which matters more
than Beauty. 

2290
02:06:51,400 --> 02:06:54,600
When you're serving stew to 
Hungry children, the market 

2291
02:06:54,600 --> 02:06:57,700
also, hosts less permanent 
vendors, people who show up 

2292
02:06:57,700 --> 02:07:00,300
sporadically with, whatever 
they've made or found or 

2293
02:07:00,300 --> 02:07:02,900
salvaged. 
Today, there's a man selling 

2294
02:07:02,900 --> 02:07:06,000
rope scraps, which you might 
have used for a woman with 

2295
02:07:06,000 --> 02:07:09,900
baskets woven from reads, a boy 
who claims these shells are 

2296
02:07:09,900 --> 02:07:13,100
special shells. 
Lucky shells, shells that will 

2297
02:07:13,100 --> 02:07:14,800
bring Fortune to whoever owns 
them. 

2298
02:07:14,800 --> 02:07:18,200
The shells look like regular 
shells to you, but people are 

2299
02:07:18,200 --> 02:07:20,500
buying them. 
Anyway, arguments break out. 

2300
02:07:20,500 --> 02:07:24,800
Periodically accusations of 
short weights disputes over 

2301
02:07:24,800 --> 02:07:28,600
whose customers whose first 
Complaints about someone's fish.

2302
02:07:28,600 --> 02:07:31,800
Stinking up, someone else's 
bread, a Market, official 

2303
02:07:31,800 --> 02:07:34,700
wanders, through occasionally 
settling disputes with the 

2304
02:07:34,700 --> 02:07:38,200
authority of someone who seen 
every possible Market argument 

2305
02:07:38,200 --> 02:07:40,400
and is unimpressed, by all of 
them. 

2306
02:07:40,400 --> 02:07:43,700
He carries a set of standard 
weights to verify scales. 

2307
02:07:43,700 --> 02:07:47,100
And then suddenly become very 
interested in checking their own

2308
02:07:47,100 --> 02:07:48,500
measurements. 
When they see him, coming 

2309
02:07:48,500 --> 02:07:51,600
children weave through the 
crowd, some running errands for 

2310
02:07:51,608 --> 02:07:53,300
their parents, some just 
running. 

2311
02:07:53,300 --> 02:07:57,000
Because Market day is exciting. 
They cluster around a man doing 

2312
02:07:57,000 --> 02:07:59,700
magic tricks. 
At least, he calls the magic 

2313
02:07:59,700 --> 02:08:02,000
tricks though. 
Your fairly certain, that coin 

2314
02:08:02,000 --> 02:08:04,500
didn't actually disappear so 
much as end up in his other 

2315
02:08:04,500 --> 02:08:06,600
hand. 
The children don't care. 

2316
02:08:06,600 --> 02:08:09,900
They gasped and applaud and beg 
him to do it again. 

2317
02:08:10,700 --> 02:08:13,900
Your wife appears from somewhere
basket already half full of 

2318
02:08:13,900 --> 02:08:15,400
purchases. 
You'll need to account for 

2319
02:08:15,400 --> 02:08:17,600
later. 
She's got bread and vegetables 

2320
02:08:17,600 --> 02:08:20,800
and something wrapping cloth 
that she won't show you, which 

2321
02:08:20,800 --> 02:08:22,500
means it's either a surprise or 
something. 

2322
02:08:22,500 --> 02:08:26,000
She thinks you'll object 
spending money on Possibly both,

2323
02:08:26,000 --> 02:08:30,400
she examines your fish purchase,
nods approval, and adds it to 

2324
02:08:30,400 --> 02:08:33,500
her basket. 
The market will continue until 

2325
02:08:33,500 --> 02:08:37,100
early afternoon then gradually 
dispersed as vendors pack up 

2326
02:08:37,100 --> 02:08:39,800
their remaining Goods. 
Some items will be cheaper in 

2327
02:08:39,800 --> 02:08:42,800
the final our bread that won't 
be fresh tomorrow, fish that 

2328
02:08:42,800 --> 02:08:45,700
definitely won't be fresh 
tomorrow and vegetables that are

2329
02:08:45,708 --> 02:08:49,200
already bought line smart 
Shoppers with flexible schedule.

2330
02:08:49,200 --> 02:08:52,700
Wait until the end gambling that
they'll get Bargains without 

2331
02:08:52,700 --> 02:08:54,100
missing out on everything. 
Good. 

2332
02:08:55,000 --> 02:08:58,300
You've tried this strategy, the 
results of have been mixed. 

2333
02:08:58,300 --> 02:09:01,700
The Tavern called the mermaids. 
Rest occupies, a building that 

2334
02:09:01,700 --> 02:09:05,500
looks like it might collapse. 
If everyone inside leaned left 

2335
02:09:05,500 --> 02:09:09,500
at the same time, the floors 
tilted angles that seem to defy 

2336
02:09:09,500 --> 02:09:12,900
basic principles of construction
and the whole structure of its 

2337
02:09:12,900 --> 02:09:16,500
Creeks that sound like 
complaints despite this or 

2338
02:09:16,500 --> 02:09:19,100
perhaps because of it. 
The mermaid's rest has been 

2339
02:09:19,108 --> 02:09:22,100
serving ale and gossip for 
longer than anyone can remember 

2340
02:09:22,100 --> 02:09:26,300
and will probably continue doing
so long after more, sensible 

2341
02:09:26,300 --> 02:09:28,600
buildings are. 
Fallen down, you push through 

2342
02:09:28,600 --> 02:09:31,700
the door around evening when the
days work is finally finished 

2343
02:09:31,700 --> 02:09:35,000
and your muscles have progressed
from complaining to outright 

2344
02:09:35,000 --> 02:09:37,300
Rebellion. 
The interior is dark. 

2345
02:09:37,300 --> 02:09:40,700
Despite several Windows partly 
because the windows are small 

2346
02:09:40,700 --> 02:09:43,800
and dirty partly, because the 
ceiling is low and smoke 

2347
02:09:43,800 --> 02:09:46,800
stained. 
The room smells of Ale and sweat

2348
02:09:46,800 --> 02:09:50,100
and wood smoke with underlying 
notes of spilled wine. 

2349
02:09:50,100 --> 02:09:53,400
And yes to his stew. 
It's not a pleasant smell. 

2350
02:09:53,400 --> 02:09:54,900
Exactly. 
But it's familiar. 

2351
02:09:54,900 --> 02:09:59,100
And after 12 hours of moving 
cargo familiar counts for a lot.

2352
02:09:59,108 --> 02:10:02,300
The Tavern keeper. 
A woman named Beatrice whose 

2353
02:10:02,300 --> 02:10:06,000
built like a barrel and has a 
Personality to match nods toward

2354
02:10:06,000 --> 02:10:09,000
your usual Corner. 
The table there is slightly more

2355
02:10:09,000 --> 02:10:11,800
level than the others, which is 
why it's popular and why you 

2356
02:10:11,800 --> 02:10:13,500
have to arrive early to claim 
it. 

2357
02:10:13,500 --> 02:10:17,000
You settle onto a bench that's 
been worn Smooth by countless 

2358
02:10:17,000 --> 02:10:19,700
other Dock Workers, settling 
onto it at the end of countless 

2359
02:10:19,700 --> 02:10:22,200
other days. 
Beatrice brings ale without 

2360
02:10:22,200 --> 02:10:26,300
asking what you want, because 
what you want is always ale and 

2361
02:10:26,300 --> 02:10:28,800
specifically the cheap pale 
rather than the slightly less 

2362
02:10:28,800 --> 02:10:31,600
cheap ale. 
The cup is wooden the rim, 

2363
02:10:31,600 --> 02:10:35,700
darken by years of lips and the 
allay inside is brown and cloudy

2364
02:10:35,700 --> 02:10:38,900
and tastes like bread. 
That started to go bad, which is

2365
02:10:38,900 --> 02:10:41,400
basically what it is. 
You drink it anyway. 

2366
02:10:42,200 --> 02:10:44,500
After the day you've had, it 
tastes like Victory. 

2367
02:10:44,500 --> 02:10:46,800
Other workers, filtering 
gradually. 

2368
02:10:46,800 --> 02:10:50,100
Each claiming their customary 
spots through a combination of 

2369
02:10:50,100 --> 02:10:52,600
habit. 
An unspoken territorial 

2370
02:10:52,600 --> 02:10:55,700
agreements. 
Villa, Maria arrives still 

2371
02:10:55,700 --> 02:10:58,000
smelling of the tar. 
He works with on the docks. 

2372
02:10:58,000 --> 02:11:01,700
Margaret's husband comes in 
probably sent by Margaret to 

2373
02:11:01,700 --> 02:11:05,100
limit how long he stays and how 
much he drinks young Thomas 

2374
02:11:05,100 --> 02:11:08,200
appears with his master, the 
Rope maker who immediately 

2375
02:11:08,200 --> 02:11:11,200
launches into a technical 
discussion about rope potential 

2376
02:11:11,200 --> 02:11:14,700
that nobody else cares about but
everyone will pretend to listen 

2377
02:11:14,700 --> 02:11:18,300
to a conversation. 
Starts slowly building, like a 

2378
02:11:18,308 --> 02:11:22,100
fire that needs time to catch. 
Someone mentions the ship that 

2379
02:11:22,100 --> 02:11:23,800
arrived this morning from 
Amsterdam. 

2380
02:11:23,800 --> 02:11:25,800
Someone else knows someone who 
knows. 

2381
02:11:25,800 --> 02:11:28,400
Someone on that ship and heard 
they'd had trouble with pirates 

2382
02:11:28,400 --> 02:11:30,900
near the channel. 
This leads to other pirate 

2383
02:11:30,900 --> 02:11:34,700
stories, each more dramatic than
the last until you're fairly 

2384
02:11:34,708 --> 02:11:36,200
certain. 
No one involved in this 

2385
02:11:36,208 --> 02:11:39,700
conversation has ever actually 
seen a pirate but everyone has 

2386
02:11:39,700 --> 02:11:42,200
strong opinions about them. 
A group of sailors. 

2387
02:11:42,200 --> 02:11:45,800
Occupies the far Corner their 
voices loud, with the particular

2388
02:11:45,800 --> 02:11:48,400
enthusiasm of men who've 
recently been paid. 

2389
02:11:48,400 --> 02:11:51,500
They're from the merchant ship 
that unloaded salt, this morning

2390
02:11:51,500 --> 02:11:55,200
celebrating their wages before 
those wages disappear into the 

2391
02:11:55,200 --> 02:11:59,100
pockets of landlords and Keepers
and the various Merchants will 

2392
02:11:59,100 --> 02:12:02,000
be happy to sell them things. 
They don't need one of them is 

2393
02:12:02,000 --> 02:12:05,200
demonstrating some not that he 
sware saved the ship during a 

2394
02:12:05,200 --> 02:12:07,700
storm though. 
His hands are on steady enough 

2395
02:12:07,700 --> 02:12:10,100
that the demonstration isn't 
particularly convincing. 

2396
02:12:11,600 --> 02:12:15,600
The taverns gradually as evening
properly sets, in workers from 

2397
02:12:15,600 --> 02:12:19,100
all over the port area 
congregate here, not just Dock 

2398
02:12:19,100 --> 02:12:21,800
Workers but also the Coopers who
make barrels. 

2399
02:12:21,800 --> 02:12:25,700
The sail makers, who repair 
canvas the Charmers who Supply 

2400
02:12:25,700 --> 02:12:30,400
ship's a customs officers, who 
extract taxes and describe to 

2401
02:12:30,400 --> 02:12:34,000
record transactions. 
Everyone who makes their living 

2402
02:12:34,000 --> 02:12:36,500
from the Seas, Commerce of 
eventually ends up at the 

2403
02:12:36,500 --> 02:12:39,800
mermaids, rest. 
Drawn by Cheap ale and the 

2404
02:12:39,800 --> 02:12:43,000
comfort of complaining to people
who understand what you're 

2405
02:12:43,000 --> 02:12:45,800
complaining about, Beatrice 
moves through the crowd with 

2406
02:12:45,800 --> 02:12:49,400
surprising Grace, for someone 
her size, delivering, drinks, 

2407
02:12:49,400 --> 02:12:51,900
and food, and sharp comments in 
equal measure. 

2408
02:12:52,600 --> 02:12:56,500
She runs this tavern with iron 
efficiency tolerating, No 

2409
02:12:56,500 --> 02:12:58,500
Nonsense and suffering. 
No fools. 

2410
02:12:58,500 --> 02:13:00,700
When an argument breaks out near
the bar. 

2411
02:13:00,700 --> 02:13:03,700
Something about someone owing 
someone money, or maybe about 

2412
02:13:03,700 --> 02:13:05,400
someone looking at someone 
else's wife. 

2413
02:13:05,400 --> 02:13:08,600
It's hard to tell. 
Beatrice simply appears between 

2414
02:13:08,600 --> 02:13:11,900
them arms crossed. 
And the argument dies, 

2415
02:13:11,900 --> 02:13:14,700
instantly. 
Nobody argues, with Beatrice 

2416
02:13:14,700 --> 02:13:17,000
Beatrice, could probably stop a 
war. 

2417
02:13:17,000 --> 02:13:19,500
Through sheer force of 
disapproval the food. 

2418
02:13:19,500 --> 02:13:23,700
When you order, it is basic, but
substantial, stew. 

2419
02:13:23,700 --> 02:13:26,600
That's been simmering all day 
full of meat and vegetables and 

2420
02:13:26,600 --> 02:13:28,000
things. 
That might be that onions or 

2421
02:13:28,000 --> 02:13:30,800
potatoes, depending on what was 
available bread. 

2422
02:13:30,800 --> 02:13:34,600
For soaking up the stew crusty 
on the outside and soft inside. 

2423
02:13:34,600 --> 02:13:38,400
Still warm from whenever it was 
baked baked The portions are 

2424
02:13:38,400 --> 02:13:40,700
generous because Beatrice 
understands that men who spend 

2425
02:13:40,700 --> 02:13:44,600
12 hours lifting heavy things 
need fuel to recover music 

2426
02:13:44,600 --> 02:13:47,600
starts around the second. 
Our provided by an old sailor 

2427
02:13:47,600 --> 02:13:50,900
whose missing three fingers but 
can still coat surprisingly. 

2428
02:13:50,900 --> 02:13:52,900
Good sounds from a small wooden 
flute. 

2429
02:13:52,900 --> 02:13:56,900
He knows maybe six songs plays 
them in the same order of free 

2430
02:13:56,900 --> 02:13:59,900
night and nobody complains 
because these are good songs. 

2431
02:13:59,900 --> 02:14:02,900
The kind, everyone knows the 
words to, even if they can't 

2432
02:14:02,900 --> 02:14:06,200
remember where they learn them, 
some songs are about the sea 

2433
02:14:06,200 --> 02:14:08,600
naturally. 
Summer about women. 

2434
02:14:08,600 --> 02:14:12,000
Inevitably, some are about 
drinking appropriately. 

2435
02:14:12,000 --> 02:14:15,500
One is about a rooster that 
challenged the king to a duel, 

2436
02:14:15,500 --> 02:14:18,400
which doesn't make much sense. 
But has a catchy Melody. 

2437
02:14:18,400 --> 02:14:22,100
The atmosphere grows warmer and 
louder as the evening progresses

2438
02:14:22,100 --> 02:14:25,600
conversations overlap, until 
individual words, become 

2439
02:14:25,600 --> 02:14:29,100
impossible to distinguish. 
Creating a general Roar 

2440
02:14:29,100 --> 02:14:33,600
punctuated by occasional shouts 
of laughter or argument the air 

2441
02:14:33,600 --> 02:14:36,900
grows thick with Pipe smoke. 
Everyone seems to be smoking 

2442
02:14:36,900 --> 02:14:39,700
cheap tobacco. 
That smells like burning rope. 

2443
02:14:40,400 --> 02:14:43,600
Your eyes water but opening a 
window would let in cold air. 

2444
02:14:43,600 --> 02:14:47,400
So the smoke stays someone 
proposes a dice game which leads

2445
02:14:47,400 --> 02:14:50,600
to several dice games which 
leads to the inevitable 

2446
02:14:50,600 --> 02:14:54,000
accusations of loaded Dice and 
suspicious rolling techniques 

2447
02:14:54,000 --> 02:14:57,200
Money Changes hands. 
Based on the tumbling of small 

2448
02:14:57,200 --> 02:15:01,600
bone, cubes fortunes rising and 
falling with each throw you 

2449
02:15:01,600 --> 02:15:04,500
watch rather than participate 
Having learned that dice games 

2450
02:15:04,500 --> 02:15:07,500
at the mermaid's. 
Rest tend to favor the house and

2451
02:15:07,500 --> 02:15:10,200
ways that aren't immediately 
obvious, but become clearer. 

2452
02:15:10,200 --> 02:15:13,600
When you calculate your losses 
later stories circulate like, 

2453
02:15:13,600 --> 02:15:18,000
currently each person trying to 
top the previous tail, a 

2454
02:15:18,000 --> 02:15:20,000
carpenter describes a house, 
he's building that. 

2455
02:15:20,000 --> 02:15:23,700
Supposedly the finest in the 
district with glass in every 

2456
02:15:23,700 --> 02:15:26,900
window and floorboards. 
So perfectly fitted, you could 

2457
02:15:26,908 --> 02:15:29,300
roll a marble across them with a
crack. 

2458
02:15:29,300 --> 02:15:31,900
A fisherman talks about the 
enormous Cod. 

2459
02:15:31,900 --> 02:15:35,100
He almost caught, describing it 
with hand gestures that 

2460
02:15:35,100 --> 02:15:38,400
suggests, it was roughly the 
size of a rowboat, a Merchants 

2461
02:15:38,400 --> 02:15:40,300
Clarke, complains about his 
employers. 

2462
02:15:40,300 --> 02:15:43,500
Son is being trained to take 
over the business despite having

2463
02:15:43,500 --> 02:15:46,200
apparently the intelligence of a
wooden post. 

2464
02:15:46,200 --> 02:15:50,500
The tavern also serves as an 
unofficial news Bureau here, you

2465
02:15:50,500 --> 02:15:54,000
learn, which ships are hiring, 
which Merchants are paying Fair 

2466
02:15:54,000 --> 02:15:57,600
wages, which captains a cruel in
which are merely demanding. 

2467
02:15:57,600 --> 02:16:01,000
You hear about the storm. 
That damaged three ships last 

2468
02:16:01,000 --> 02:16:04,100
week off the coast of France. 
Someone's cousin knows, someone 

2469
02:16:04,100 --> 02:16:06,400
who knows someone who heard that
war might be coming again 

2470
02:16:06,400 --> 02:16:10,500
though, with whom and about what
remains unclear, the new 

2471
02:16:10,500 --> 02:16:13,000
regulation from London, 
apparently requires different 

2472
02:16:13,000 --> 02:16:16,300
paperwork for imported wine, 
which means more work for 

2473
02:16:16,300 --> 02:16:19,400
Customs officers and more delays
for everyone else. 

2474
02:16:19,400 --> 02:16:23,900
Young Thomas gets progressively 
drunker his face flushing read, 

2475
02:16:23,900 --> 02:16:27,000
as he tries to keep Pace with 
older more experienced drinkers,

2476
02:16:27,000 --> 02:16:30,300
his master notices and cuts him 
off over. 

2477
02:16:30,300 --> 02:16:33,700
Thomas's loud, protests that he 
is perfectly fine, which he 

2478
02:16:33,700 --> 02:16:37,000
demonstrates by attempting to 
stand in immediately, sit back 

2479
02:16:37,000 --> 02:16:40,900
down hard, the master Hall to 
his feet and Guides him toward 

2480
02:16:40,900 --> 02:16:43,100
the door, Thomas still 
insisting. 

2481
02:16:43,100 --> 02:16:45,400
That one more drink would be 
reasonable and appropriate. 

2482
02:16:46,500 --> 02:16:49,700
As the night deepens, some 
people leave While others settle

2483
02:16:49,700 --> 02:16:53,000
in for the duration, the serious
drinkers separate themselves 

2484
02:16:53,000 --> 02:16:56,900
from the social drinkers, their 
focus narrowing to the cup in 

2485
02:16:56,900 --> 02:17:00,200
front of them and the regular 
rhythm of lifting it drinking 

2486
02:17:00,200 --> 02:17:04,200
putting it down and repeating 
Beatrice watches them with the 

2487
02:17:04,200 --> 02:17:06,200
careful eye of someone, who 
knows exactly. 

2488
02:17:06,200 --> 02:17:09,400
When a customer is crossed from 
profitable to problematic. 

2489
02:17:09,400 --> 02:17:12,500
The conversation at your table 
is cycled through work 

2490
02:17:12,500 --> 02:17:16,100
complaints to family updates, to
vague plans that will probably 

2491
02:17:16,100 --> 02:17:19,000
never materialized villain 
mentions. 

2492
02:17:19,000 --> 02:17:20,600
He's thinking of looking for 
better work. 

2493
02:17:20,600 --> 02:17:24,299
Maybe Inland where the hours are
more predictable, you've heard 

2494
02:17:24,299 --> 02:17:26,700
him say this before and you'll 
probably hear him say it again 

2495
02:17:26,700 --> 02:17:29,500
in six months, but you not 
sympathetically. 

2496
02:17:29,500 --> 02:17:33,500
Any way, everyone talks about 
getting out of Doc work, nobody 

2497
02:17:33,500 --> 02:17:36,400
actually does it. 
When you finally push back from 

2498
02:17:36,400 --> 02:17:40,400
the table legs slightly 
unsteady, the world has taken on

2499
02:17:40,400 --> 02:17:44,299
that softened quality that comes
from several cups of Ale on an 

2500
02:17:44,299 --> 02:17:46,400
empty stomach. 
The walk home requires 

2501
02:17:46,600 --> 02:17:49,900
Concentration the Cobblestone 
seemed determined to trick you. 

2502
02:17:49,900 --> 02:17:52,400
And the familiar streets, look, 
slightly different in the 

2503
02:17:52,400 --> 02:17:54,799
darkness. 
The harbor water reflects 

2504
02:17:54,799 --> 02:17:59,000
Moonlight turning the pool into 
something almost magical At 

2505
02:17:59,000 --> 02:18:02,200
least until you remember, it's 
the same dirty water that smells

2506
02:18:02,200 --> 02:18:06,900
like fish and worse your house 
when you reach it is dark except

2507
02:18:06,900 --> 02:18:08,400
for a single candle in the 
window. 

2508
02:18:09,200 --> 02:18:12,799
Your wife has left it burning as
a guide, a small gesture that 

2509
02:18:12,799 --> 02:18:16,100
fills you with more gratitude 
than several cups of Ale. 

2510
02:18:16,100 --> 02:18:19,700
Probably warrant you fumble with
the door, latch trying to be 

2511
02:18:19,700 --> 02:18:24,100
quiet and failing completely and
make your way to bed where sleep

2512
02:18:24,100 --> 02:18:26,000
arrived quickly and without 
Mercy. 

2513
02:18:26,600 --> 02:18:28,700
We've never owned a clock, but 
you don't need one. 

2514
02:18:28,700 --> 02:18:32,299
The tide tells time better than 
any mechanism of gears and 

2515
02:18:32,308 --> 02:18:34,700
springs ever. 
Could, you've learned to read it

2516
02:18:34,700 --> 02:18:37,700
schedule in the water's voice, 
in the height of the Waves, 

2517
02:18:37,700 --> 02:18:41,299
against the dock pilings. 
And in the smell of exposed mud 

2518
02:18:41,299 --> 02:18:44,799
flats that marks low tide, as 
surely as a bell marks the hour 

2519
02:18:44,799 --> 02:18:49,000
this morning or possibly early 
after noon, the distinction 

2520
02:18:49,000 --> 02:18:52,100
matters less when your schedule 
follows water rather than Sun 

2521
02:18:52,100 --> 02:18:55,400
The Tide is going out. 
You can hear it in the 

2522
02:18:55,400 --> 02:18:58,100
particular sucking sound. 
The harbor makes us water 

2523
02:18:58,100 --> 02:19:01,799
Retreats pulling back to expose.
The post that usually stay 

2524
02:19:01,799 --> 02:19:04,900
submerged. 
The whole Port operates on this 

2525
02:19:04,900 --> 02:19:09,700
Rhythm every activity timed to 
match what the sea allows ships.

2526
02:19:09,700 --> 02:19:12,700
Can only enter The Harbor at 
high tide when there's enough 

2527
02:19:12,700 --> 02:19:15,900
depth to clear The Sandbar that 
looks at the harbor mouth like a

2528
02:19:15,907 --> 02:19:19,500
trap for unwary captains. 
You've watched ships attempt 

2529
02:19:19,500 --> 02:19:22,700
entry at low tide, seen them 
scrape bottom and stick fast 

2530
02:19:22,700 --> 02:19:25,799
their Cruise forced to wait for 
the waters returned while 

2531
02:19:25,799 --> 02:19:28,299
everyone onshore laughs at their
impatience. 

2532
02:19:28,299 --> 02:19:31,799
The local pilots who know every 
inch of the harbor bottom charge

2533
02:19:31,799 --> 02:19:34,500
extra for guiding ships in 
during marginal conditions. 

2534
02:19:35,400 --> 02:19:38,700
Unloading happens on the 
falling, tide the ship, sit 

2535
02:19:38,700 --> 02:19:42,299
higher enough that gangs can 
reach from deck to Dock and the 

2536
02:19:42,299 --> 02:19:45,000
work proceeds with urgency 
because everyone knows the 

2537
02:19:45,000 --> 02:19:48,600
window is limited When the tide 
comes fully in the ship's rise 

2538
02:19:48,600 --> 02:19:52,500
too high, the angle becomes 
wrong and unloading stops until 

2539
02:19:52,500 --> 02:19:55,600
the tide turns again. 
You've got maybe four hours to 

2540
02:19:55,600 --> 02:19:58,200
move whatever cargo needs moving
before, the water makes the 

2541
02:19:58,208 --> 02:20:00,900
decision for you. 
Your work today, involves 

2542
02:20:00,900 --> 02:20:02,700
barrels. 
Endless. 

2543
02:20:02,700 --> 02:20:05,600
Barrels of wine. 
Brought from France in a ship. 

2544
02:20:05,608 --> 02:20:07,500
That smells like an enormous. 
Great. 

2545
02:20:08,300 --> 02:20:12,100
Each Barrel weighs as much as a 
small person and requires, two 

2546
02:20:12,100 --> 02:20:14,500
men to maneuver it safely down 
the gangplank. 

2547
02:20:15,100 --> 02:20:16,700
You've developed a technique 
over the years. 

2548
02:20:16,700 --> 02:20:20,200
A particular way of gripping the
rim and shifting your weight 

2549
02:20:20,200 --> 02:20:22,800
that makes the barrels role 
rather than deadlifting their 

2550
02:20:22,800 --> 02:20:25,500
full weight. 
Your back still protests, but 

2551
02:20:25,500 --> 02:20:27,800
less violently than it would 
with poor technique. 

2552
02:20:27,800 --> 02:20:31,500
The Copper Ridge sits, 50 yards 
from the dock positioned 

2553
02:20:31,500 --> 02:20:33,400
precisely to minimize the 
distance. 

2554
02:20:33,400 --> 02:20:36,200
Barrels need to travel while 
staying far enough from the 

2555
02:20:36,200 --> 02:20:39,700
water to avoid flooding, you and
your partner today. 

2556
02:20:39,700 --> 02:20:42,200
It's a man named Peter who talks
too much, but work steadily 

2557
02:20:42,200 --> 02:20:46,900
rolly each Barrel along the dock
navigate the uneven cobblestones

2558
02:20:46,900 --> 02:20:50,400
and stack them in the copyright.
Yard, the Cooper checks each 

2559
02:20:50,400 --> 02:20:54,500
Barrel looking for damaged leaks
and suspicious, bulges, that 

2560
02:20:54,500 --> 02:20:56,300
might indicate the wine has gone
bad. 

2561
02:20:57,500 --> 02:20:59,300
Twin barrels. 
You can track the Tide's 

2562
02:20:59,300 --> 02:21:02,200
progress by watching the 
waterline on the dock posts. 

2563
02:21:03,000 --> 02:21:05,700
Which post Bears ring of 
discoloration marking different 

2564
02:21:05,700 --> 02:21:08,600
tide levels, dark green algae, 
near the top. 

2565
02:21:08,600 --> 02:21:11,400
Where high tide reaches lighter 
Rings below. 

2566
02:21:11,400 --> 02:21:15,200
Showing the gradual progression 
downward right now your watching

2567
02:21:15,200 --> 02:21:18,000
the water received pass the 
third ring which means you've 

2568
02:21:18,000 --> 02:21:20,000
got about an hour left before 
the lowest point. 

2569
02:21:20,800 --> 02:21:23,700
Low tide transforms the harbor 
into a different landscape 

2570
02:21:23,700 --> 02:21:26,400
entirely. 
What was underwater, becomes 

2571
02:21:26,400 --> 02:21:28,600
temporary land or at least 
temporary mud. 

2572
02:21:28,600 --> 02:21:32,900
The mud flat stretch out gray 
brown, and glistening marked by 

2573
02:21:32,900 --> 02:21:37,200
the tracks of birds who know 
this is feeding time clams hide 

2574
02:21:37,200 --> 02:21:39,900
in the mud along with worms and 
small crabs. 

2575
02:21:39,900 --> 02:21:42,000
And other creatures that make 
their living in the space 

2576
02:21:42,000 --> 02:21:45,900
between sea and land. 
Children appear during low tide 

2577
02:21:45,900 --> 02:21:49,600
armed with buckets and shovels 
digging for clams and mussels 

2578
02:21:49,600 --> 02:21:54,300
its work disguised as play or 
maybe play that produces useful 

2579
02:21:54,300 --> 02:21:57,200
results. 
By the way, the children take 

2580
02:21:57,200 --> 02:21:59,300
it. 
Seriously competing to see who 

2581
02:21:59,300 --> 02:22:02,500
can gather the most occasionally
stealing from each other's 

2582
02:22:02,500 --> 02:22:03,800
buckets. 
When they think no one's 

2583
02:22:03,800 --> 02:22:07,100
watching their parents will be 
glad of the free protein. 

2584
02:22:07,100 --> 02:22:10,100
Even if they have to rinse sand 
out of the shellfish for longer 

2585
02:22:10,100 --> 02:22:13,700
than seems reasonable, the 
Harbor Master uses low tide to 

2586
02:22:13,700 --> 02:22:17,000
inspect doc foundations, 
checking for damage replacing 

2587
02:22:17,000 --> 02:22:19,900
posts that have rotted and 
assessing what repairs will be 

2588
02:22:19,900 --> 02:22:22,900
needed before. 
Winter, storms arrive, he Wades 

2589
02:22:22,900 --> 02:22:25,700
through ankle deep water, 
occasionally plunging, a 

2590
02:22:25,700 --> 02:22:29,200
pull-down to check the depth of 
mud making notes on a slate 

2591
02:22:29,200 --> 02:22:31,700
board that he wipes and rewrites
throughout the day. 

2592
02:22:31,700 --> 02:22:34,700
Some workers specialize in the 
mud flats themselves. 

2593
02:22:34,700 --> 02:22:38,300
Harvesting Reeds that grow in 
the marshy areas and cutting 

2594
02:22:38,300 --> 02:22:40,600
them for use infections or 
making baskets. 

2595
02:22:40,600 --> 02:22:44,100
They move with the confidence of
people who know which mud is 

2596
02:22:44,100 --> 02:22:47,200
firm enough to walk on and which
will swallow your boot. 

2597
02:22:47,200 --> 02:22:50,300
If you step wrong, you've seen 
newcomers attempt to cross the 

2598
02:22:50,300 --> 02:22:53,400
flats at low tide. 
Watch them sink to their needs 

2599
02:22:53,400 --> 02:22:55,600
and heard their curses as they 
try to. 

2600
02:22:55,800 --> 02:22:59,100
Track themselves from mud that 
grips like it has personal 

2601
02:22:59,100 --> 02:23:02,400
feelings about letting go. 
The fishing boats that were out 

2602
02:23:02,400 --> 02:23:06,000
overnight return on the incoming
tide timing, their arrival to 

2603
02:23:06,000 --> 02:23:07,900
ride the rising water into 
Harbor. 

2604
02:23:07,900 --> 02:23:12,300
They sale in with the particular
exhausted satisfaction of people

2605
02:23:12,300 --> 02:23:16,200
who've worked through the night 
and are ready to be done their 

2606
02:23:16,200 --> 02:23:17,800
catchers, get unloaded 
immediately. 

2607
02:23:17,800 --> 02:23:20,400
The fish destined for the 
morning Market. 

2608
02:23:20,400 --> 02:23:24,100
Even though morning is long past
freshness is relative in the 

2609
02:23:24,100 --> 02:23:26,900
fish trade Court. 
Last night, counts as fresh. 

2610
02:23:26,900 --> 02:23:29,300
If you get it to Market before, 
it starts to smell. 

2611
02:23:30,100 --> 02:23:33,200
You finish the barrel work just 
as the tide begins to turn. 

2612
02:23:33,200 --> 02:23:37,200
You can see it in the water's 
Behavior, the way it slows its 

2613
02:23:37,200 --> 02:23:41,000
Retreat pauses then starts 
moving in the other direction. 

2614
02:23:41,000 --> 02:23:45,100
It's not dramatic. 
There's no visible wave or 

2615
02:23:45,100 --> 02:23:48,200
sudden surge, but the changes 
unmistakable. 

2616
02:23:48,200 --> 02:23:51,300
Once, you know what to watch 
for, the water starts, filling 

2617
02:23:51,300 --> 02:23:54,000
in the areas. 
It recently, vacated crawling up

2618
02:23:54,000 --> 02:23:56,800
the dock posts ring by ring 
reclaiming. 

2619
02:23:56,800 --> 02:24:01,300
Its territory The rising tide 
brings different work ships that

2620
02:24:01,300 --> 02:24:03,500
were too high. 
Now become accessible again as 

2621
02:24:03,500 --> 02:24:04,900
they settle into their proper 
height. 

2622
02:24:05,700 --> 02:24:07,900
Cargo that could not be loaded 
earlier, can be loaded. 

2623
02:24:07,900 --> 02:24:11,700
Now, the whole porch shifts, its
activities to match the waters, 

2624
02:24:11,700 --> 02:24:15,200
new position, everything 
synchronized to a schedule that 

2625
02:24:15,200 --> 02:24:18,800
has been the same since humans. 
First built, docks, and decided 

2626
02:24:18,800 --> 02:24:22,200
to argue with the sea about who 
controls what you eat, your 

2627
02:24:22,200 --> 02:24:24,200
midday meal sitting on a barrel 
watching. 

2628
02:24:24,200 --> 02:24:27,400
The tide, come in. 
Your food is bread and cheese. 

2629
02:24:27,400 --> 02:24:30,100
The cheese already soft from the
heat of your pocket. 

2630
02:24:30,100 --> 02:24:33,700
The bread tastes like it was 
fresh yesterday, which means 

2631
02:24:33,700 --> 02:24:36,000
it's stale today, but not yet. 
Truly old. 

2632
02:24:36,900 --> 02:24:39,900
You wash it down with beer from 
a skin, that seemed better days.

2633
02:24:39,900 --> 02:24:43,600
The leather starting to crack at
the seams around you. 

2634
02:24:43,600 --> 02:24:46,900
The port hums with activity 
calibrated to the waters level. 

2635
02:24:47,700 --> 02:24:50,500
Cranes, lift cargo from ships. 
That are now at the correct 

2636
02:24:50,500 --> 02:24:53,600
height workers. 
Secure lines are just fenders 

2637
02:24:53,600 --> 02:24:56,500
and shift Goods around with the 
practice deficiency of people 

2638
02:24:56,500 --> 02:24:59,100
who've done this. 
A thousand times, a ship 

2639
02:24:59,108 --> 02:25:02,600
preparing to depart Waits 
patiently for high tide, knowing

2640
02:25:02,600 --> 02:25:04,300
that attempting to cross the 
SandBar. 

2641
02:25:04,300 --> 02:25:07,500
At the wrong moment means either
sticking fast or staring out the

2642
02:25:07,500 --> 02:25:10,200
hull. 
He after noon tied Peaks around 

2643
02:25:10,200 --> 02:25:13,900
mid-afternoon the Water Rising 
almost to the top of its range. 

2644
02:25:13,900 --> 02:25:17,800
The harbor looks full at high 
tide with all the exposed mud 

2645
02:25:17,800 --> 02:25:20,900
covered and the docks nearly 
level with the waters surface. 

2646
02:25:20,900 --> 02:25:24,600
It's the prettiest time when 
everything looks clean and the 

2647
02:25:24,600 --> 02:25:28,000
smell of mud, flats is replaced 
by the relatively fresh smell of

2648
02:25:28,000 --> 02:25:31,100
Open Water. 
Of course, refresher is 

2649
02:25:31,100 --> 02:25:34,000
relative. 
This is still horrible Water 

2650
02:25:34,000 --> 02:25:37,200
full of everything that gets 
thrown or Falls or leaks in to 

2651
02:25:37,200 --> 02:25:39,900
it but at least the sewage is 
diluted. 

2652
02:25:39,900 --> 02:25:43,900
You work through the high tide 
period loading, a departing ship

2653
02:25:43,900 --> 02:25:46,600
with bales of wool, destined for
some ports. 

2654
02:25:46,600 --> 02:25:48,600
You've never visited and 
Probably never will. 

2655
02:25:49,400 --> 02:25:53,300
The wall is heavy and awkward, 
the Bales bound with rough rope.

2656
02:25:53,300 --> 02:25:56,400
That tears at your hands you've 
developed calluses on your 

2657
02:25:56,400 --> 02:25:58,800
calluses. 
But even they struggle with the 

2658
02:25:58,808 --> 02:26:02,600
particularly course hemp the 
ship's Captain supervises. 

2659
02:26:02,600 --> 02:26:05,700
The loading shouting Corrections
and adjustments in a voice that 

2660
02:26:05,700 --> 02:26:09,600
suggests he believes everyone, 
but him is incompetent Probably 

2661
02:26:09,600 --> 02:26:11,700
right? 
Or at least, he's responsible 

2662
02:26:11,700 --> 02:26:14,200
for everything that goes wrong. 
Once his ship leaves Port. 

2663
02:26:14,200 --> 02:26:17,500
So his paranoia is 
understandable, you've learned 

2664
02:26:17,500 --> 02:26:21,300
to nod and adjust and not take 
the shouting personally, Captain

2665
02:26:21,300 --> 02:26:25,500
shout the way fish swim it's 
just what they do as the 

2666
02:26:25,500 --> 02:26:28,900
afternoon wears into evening. 
The tide begins its outward 

2667
02:26:28,900 --> 02:26:32,200
Journey again. 
The cycle continues twice daily 

2668
02:26:32,200 --> 02:26:35,500
as reliable as sunrise and 
considerably more important. 

2669
02:26:35,500 --> 02:26:38,800
To your livelihood, you've seen 
the sun fail to appear through 

2670
02:26:38,800 --> 02:26:42,600
fog and clouds, but you've never
seen the tide for get to turn. 

2671
02:26:43,500 --> 02:26:46,500
Is the one certainty in a life 
full of variables. 

2672
02:26:46,500 --> 02:26:50,400
The evening low tide, brings the
clam diggers back out those who 

2673
02:26:50,400 --> 02:26:53,000
work, multiple shifts, 
extracting, whatever, they can 

2674
02:26:53,000 --> 02:26:56,400
from the exposed Flats the 
Setting Sun Paints, the mud 

2675
02:26:56,400 --> 02:26:59,700
flats orange and pink making 
them look almost beautiful 

2676
02:26:59,700 --> 02:27:01,800
though. 
You know that up close they're 

2677
02:27:01,800 --> 02:27:05,200
just mud and smell like it. 
The birds that feed at low tide 

2678
02:27:05,200 --> 02:27:07,900
cry and circle. 
They're called mixing with the 

2679
02:27:07,900 --> 02:27:11,100
sounds of human work. 
All of it, part of the harbors 

2680
02:27:11,100 --> 02:27:14,100
Eternal Rhythm. 
You head home as the light fails

2681
02:27:14,100 --> 02:27:18,200
your day, measured not in hours.
But in Tides two full Cycles 

2682
02:27:18,200 --> 02:27:21,800
from low to high to low. 
Again, your work fitted into the

2683
02:27:21,800 --> 02:27:25,000
windows, the sea allowed 
tomorrow will be the same but 

2684
02:27:25,000 --> 02:27:28,600
shifted slightly because the 
tides come 50 minutes later each

2685
02:27:28,600 --> 02:27:32,200
day, a slow rotation, that means
you're never working quite the 

2686
02:27:32,200 --> 02:27:34,500
same schedule. 
Two days running should be 

2687
02:27:34,500 --> 02:27:36,800
confusing. 
But after Years of Living by 

2688
02:27:36,800 --> 02:27:40,100
tide, any other way of tracking 
time would feel stranger. 

2689
02:27:40,800 --> 02:27:44,600
Your house after Sunset smells 
like fish soup and smoke and wet

2690
02:27:44,600 --> 02:27:47,900
wool drying by the fire. 
Your wife has transformed. 

2691
02:27:47,900 --> 02:27:51,100
The Cod you brought home into 
something edible through a 

2692
02:27:51,100 --> 02:27:53,900
process that involves more 
onions and herbs than seems 

2693
02:27:53,900 --> 02:27:57,300
strictly necessary but the 
result is good enough that your 

2694
02:27:57,300 --> 02:28:01,200
children eat without complaining
which counts as success. 

2695
02:28:01,200 --> 02:28:03,200
The meal happens around the 
table. 

2696
02:28:03,200 --> 02:28:06,900
Everyone crowded together on 
mismatched chairs, the youngest 

2697
02:28:06,900 --> 02:28:09,500
daughter perched on a stool 
because there aren't enough 

2698
02:28:09,500 --> 02:28:12,000
proper seats. 
Your oldest son, the one who's 

2699
02:28:12,000 --> 02:28:14,700
nearly grown complains that his 
portion is smaller than his 

2700
02:28:14,700 --> 02:28:17,800
brothers, which leads to a 
detailed comparison of Bold 

2701
02:28:17,800 --> 02:28:21,600
sizes that Reveals His complaint
is baseless but loudly defended.

2702
02:28:21,600 --> 02:28:25,200
Anyway, your wife settles, the 
dispute by giving both boys 

2703
02:28:25,200 --> 02:28:29,100
slightly less soup and keeping 
the difference for herself which

2704
02:28:29,100 --> 02:28:31,800
she claims is the mother's tax 
for having to listen to 

2705
02:28:31,800 --> 02:28:35,400
arguments about soup, portions 
conversation during meals is 

2706
02:28:35,400 --> 02:28:38,700
chaotic and overlapping your 
middle daughter talks about 

2707
02:28:38,700 --> 02:28:40,200
something that happened at the 
market. 

2708
02:28:40,800 --> 02:28:44,300
Though, her story keeps getting 
derailed by unnecessary details,

2709
02:28:44,300 --> 02:28:48,400
about who was wearing what? 
And who said, what to whom your 

2710
02:28:48,400 --> 02:28:51,700
youngest daughter, contributes, 
random observations about birds,

2711
02:28:51,700 --> 02:28:53,600
she saw and game. 
She played. 

2712
02:28:53,600 --> 02:28:55,700
None of it connected to anything
else. 

2713
02:28:55,700 --> 02:29:00,000
Just a stream of Consciousness 
from someone who hasn't learned,

2714
02:29:00,000 --> 02:29:01,800
the conversation should have 
topics. 

2715
02:29:01,800 --> 02:29:05,700
Your wife asks about your day in
the town of someone who doesn't 

2716
02:29:05,700 --> 02:29:10,800
really want to detail answer. 
But feels obligated to ask You 

2717
02:29:10,800 --> 02:29:15,700
provide, the abbreviated version
cargo moved ships, unloaded the 

2718
02:29:15,700 --> 02:29:18,900
usual work, she nods with the 
understanding of someone who's 

2719
02:29:18,900 --> 02:29:21,700
heard this answer many times 
before, and will hear it many 

2720
02:29:21,700 --> 02:29:25,300
times again in return. 
You ask about her day and she 

2721
02:29:25,308 --> 02:29:28,600
describes the market prices and 
which neighbor is feuding with 

2722
02:29:28,600 --> 02:29:31,300
which other neighbor and 
something complicated about 

2723
02:29:31,300 --> 02:29:35,100
someone's cousin getting married
to someone inappropriate you nod

2724
02:29:35,100 --> 02:29:37,900
and make sounds of Interest 
while understanding, perhaps a 

2725
02:29:37,900 --> 02:29:41,900
third of the social dynamics. 
She's explaining After the meal 

2726
02:29:41,900 --> 02:29:44,200
chores divided along familiar 
lines. 

2727
02:29:44,200 --> 02:29:47,200
The Boys carry water from the 
well because they are strong 

2728
02:29:47,200 --> 02:29:50,300
enough to manage the heavy 
buckets, the girls, clear the 

2729
02:29:50,300 --> 02:29:53,800
table and washed dishes, because
that's what girls do or at least

2730
02:29:53,800 --> 02:29:55,700
that's what your wife insist 
girl's do. 

2731
02:29:55,700 --> 02:29:58,400
And you've learned not to 
involve yourself in these 

2732
02:29:58,400 --> 02:30:01,500
debates your assigned to check 
the shutters and make sure the 

2733
02:30:01,500 --> 02:30:03,100
fire is properly banked for the 
night. 

2734
02:30:03,900 --> 02:30:07,100
Tasks that require minimal 
skill, but someone has to do 

2735
02:30:07,100 --> 02:30:10,700
them, your oldest son, mentioned
that he's been offered work on a

2736
02:30:10,700 --> 02:30:13,300
merchant ship. 
Position that were taken away 

2737
02:30:13,300 --> 02:30:16,300
for months at a time, but pays 
better than dock, work. 

2738
02:30:16,300 --> 02:30:18,600
Your wife's face, does something
complicated. 

2739
02:30:18,600 --> 02:30:22,100
While trying to maintain a 
neutral expression, you can read

2740
02:30:22,100 --> 02:30:25,100
the concern, there, she's 
already imagining all the things

2741
02:30:25,100 --> 02:30:28,200
that could go wrong at Sea, 
which is fair because many 

2742
02:30:28,200 --> 02:30:31,100
things do go wrong at sea. 
But you're also thinking about 

2743
02:30:31,100 --> 02:30:33,800
the money, about how another 
income could mean a better 

2744
02:30:33,808 --> 02:30:35,800
house, or at least repairs to 
this one. 

2745
02:30:35,800 --> 02:30:38,000
You tell him, you'll think about
it. 

2746
02:30:38,800 --> 02:30:41,100
Just what you say when you need 
time to figure out what you 

2747
02:30:41,100 --> 02:30:44,200
actually think, the evening 
routine involves, your wife's 

2748
02:30:44,200 --> 02:30:47,400
endless battle with mending. 
She sits by the fire with a 

2749
02:30:47,408 --> 02:30:50,300
basket of clothes that need 
patches or darling or buttons. 

2750
02:30:50,300 --> 02:30:53,600
Replaced working through them, 
with the steady Persistence of 

2751
02:30:53,600 --> 02:30:55,700
someone. 
Who knows the work is never, 

2752
02:30:55,700 --> 02:30:58,800
truly finished. 
Because clothes continue to wear

2753
02:30:58,800 --> 02:31:01,000
out faster than they can be 
fixed. 

2754
02:31:01,800 --> 02:31:04,400
She's explained this futile 
cycle to you several times. 

2755
02:31:04,400 --> 02:31:08,100
Usually, while you're wearing a 
shirt that needs mending which 

2756
02:31:08,100 --> 02:31:11,800
tends to undermine your ability 
to offer, sympathy, your younger

2757
02:31:11,800 --> 02:31:13,900
children are supposed to be 
practicing their letters on 

2758
02:31:13,900 --> 02:31:16,800
Slate's but what they're 
actually doing is drawing 

2759
02:31:16,800 --> 02:31:20,100
pictures and giggling about 
something education in your 

2760
02:31:20,100 --> 02:31:22,400
household is sporadic and 
largely self-directed. 

2761
02:31:23,600 --> 02:31:26,500
Constrained by the fact that you
can barely read yourself. 

2762
02:31:26,500 --> 02:31:30,600
And your wife isn't much better,
you can manage to puzzle out, 

2763
02:31:30,600 --> 02:31:33,600
simple texts and sign your name,
which puts you ahead of many 

2764
02:31:33,600 --> 02:31:36,200
Dock Workers. 
But doesn't qualify you to teach

2765
02:31:36,200 --> 02:31:39,600
proper reading and writing the 
local Church offers some 

2766
02:31:39,600 --> 02:31:42,600
schooling, but it costs money. 
You don't always have and 

2767
02:31:42,600 --> 02:31:44,700
besides the children are needed 
for work. 

2768
02:31:44,700 --> 02:31:48,200
More often than not, the fire 
creates Shadows, that dance on 

2769
02:31:48,200 --> 02:31:51,400
the walls, turning the familiar 
room into something slightly 

2770
02:31:51,400 --> 02:31:54,000
mysterious your youngest 
daughter claimed. 

2771
02:31:54,000 --> 02:31:57,400
She can see faces in the Flames 
which leads to a discussion 

2772
02:31:57,400 --> 02:32:00,700
about where the fire can have 
faces which leads to your son 

2773
02:32:00,700 --> 02:32:03,400
explaining that fire isn't alive
so it definitely can't have 

2774
02:32:03,400 --> 02:32:07,000
faces which leads to an argument
about whether you need to be 

2775
02:32:07,000 --> 02:32:09,900
alive to have a face. 
You let them work this out 

2776
02:32:09,900 --> 02:32:11,900
themselves. 
While you attempt to read a 

2777
02:32:11,900 --> 02:32:14,100
pamphlet someone gave you about 
new regulations. 

2778
02:32:14,100 --> 02:32:18,200
On imported goods, the reading 
goes slowly, your finger tracing

2779
02:32:18,200 --> 02:32:20,800
under each word. 
Occasionally asking your wife 

2780
02:32:20,800 --> 02:32:25,300
about words, you can't decipher 
bedtime is less of an event and 

2781
02:32:25,300 --> 02:32:28,800
more of a gradual process. 
The younger children get sleepy.

2782
02:32:28,800 --> 02:32:31,700
First, their heads drooping. 
While they insist their, not 

2783
02:32:31,700 --> 02:32:34,500
tired at all. 
Your wife, heard them up stairs 

2784
02:32:34,500 --> 02:32:37,400
with promises that tomorrow will
come faster if they just close 

2785
02:32:37,400 --> 02:32:40,700
their eyes now, which is 
technically true, but probably 

2786
02:32:40,700 --> 02:32:43,400
not the Comfort. 
She intends the older children 

2787
02:32:43,400 --> 02:32:45,900
stay up later. 
The privilege of being nearly 

2788
02:32:45,900 --> 02:32:49,900
grown Though, staying up mostly 
means sitting around looking 

2789
02:32:49,900 --> 02:32:51,500
bored because there's not much 
to do. 

2790
02:32:51,500 --> 02:32:53,600
Once it's dark except sit and be
awake. 

2791
02:32:53,600 --> 02:32:58,100
Your wife tells a story before 
sleep or tries to because your 

2792
02:32:58,100 --> 02:33:00,200
youngest daughter keeps 
interrupting with questions that

2793
02:33:00,200 --> 02:33:03,500
derail The Narrative. 
The story is about a fisherman 

2794
02:33:03,500 --> 02:33:07,200
who caught a magical fish? 
That granted wishes a tail. 

2795
02:33:07,200 --> 02:33:10,900
Your wife has told many times 
with variations tonight. 

2796
02:33:10,900 --> 02:33:14,000
The Fisher's golden instead of 
silver and the fisherman has 

2797
02:33:14,000 --> 02:33:19,100
three wishes and of seven. 
The morale Remains the Same, be 

2798
02:33:19,100 --> 02:33:21,300
careful what you wish for 
because you're probably get it 

2799
02:33:21,300 --> 02:33:23,300
wrong. 
Your children have heard this 

2800
02:33:23,300 --> 02:33:25,200
story enough times that they 
correct her. 

2801
02:33:25,200 --> 02:33:27,900
When she deviates too far from 
the established version. 

2802
02:33:27,900 --> 02:33:31,300
Once the children are finally 
asleep or at least pretending 

2803
02:33:31,300 --> 02:33:34,500
convincingly enough you and your
wife have a brief moment of 

2804
02:33:34,500 --> 02:33:37,800
quiet. 
She continues her mending, you 

2805
02:33:37,800 --> 02:33:41,100
sit and feel your body catalog. 
Every complaint from the day's 

2806
02:33:41,100 --> 02:33:44,800
work, the fire burns, low and 
neither of you moves to build it

2807
02:33:44,800 --> 02:33:47,900
up. 
Fuel costs money and you're both

2808
02:33:47,900 --> 02:33:50,200
tired enough that bed sounds 
better than warmth. 

2809
02:33:50,200 --> 02:33:53,000
Anyway, she mentions that the 
neighbor's daughter is getting 

2810
02:33:53,000 --> 02:33:56,000
married which leads to a 
complicated discussion about 

2811
02:33:56,000 --> 02:33:57,900
dowries and whether they're 
doing it properly. 

2812
02:33:57,900 --> 02:34:01,400
And what kind of life that girl 
can expect with the boy, she's 

2813
02:34:01,400 --> 02:34:04,000
marrying. 
You contribute occasional grunts

2814
02:34:04,000 --> 02:34:07,500
of agreement because your wife 
doesn't actually need you to 

2815
02:34:07,500 --> 02:34:10,800
participate in this conversation
so much as witness it. 

2816
02:34:10,800 --> 02:34:14,400
She's thinking out loud 
processing, the social dynamics 

2817
02:34:14,400 --> 02:34:17,300
of your small community and 
trying to understand the web of 

2818
02:34:17,300 --> 02:34:21,000
obligations and expectations 
that governs everything You 

2819
02:34:21,000 --> 02:34:23,300
mention the possible ship job 
for your oldest son. 

2820
02:34:23,300 --> 02:34:26,600
She silent for a moment, the 
needle Paws in its work. 

2821
02:34:26,600 --> 02:34:30,000
Then she says what? 
You both know that it's good 

2822
02:34:30,000 --> 02:34:33,000
money but dangerous that he's 
old enough to make his own 

2823
02:34:33,000 --> 02:34:36,500
decisions but young enough to 
make stupid ones that you can't 

2824
02:34:36,500 --> 02:34:40,700
protect him forever but you're 
not ready to stop trying, you 

2825
02:34:40,700 --> 02:34:43,000
don't resolve anything. 
There's nothing to resolve yet 

2826
02:34:43,000 --> 02:34:44,600
but at least you've said it out 
loud. 

2827
02:34:44,600 --> 02:34:48,100
Making the worries concrete 
instead of leaving them as a 

2828
02:34:48,100 --> 02:34:51,800
vague anxiety. 
The house settles in to its 

2829
02:34:51,800 --> 02:34:54,100
nighttime. 
Sounds up stairs. 

2830
02:34:54,100 --> 02:34:58,000
Someone turned over in bed, 
making the ropes Creek outside 

2831
02:34:58,000 --> 02:35:01,400
the Harbour continues. 
His work You can hear voices 

2832
02:35:01,400 --> 02:35:04,900
calling back and forth between 
ships, the sound of footsteps on

2833
02:35:04,900 --> 02:35:08,700
the docks and a dog barking at 
something only it can see the 

2834
02:35:08,700 --> 02:35:11,400
sea. 
Never sleeps and neither, does 

2835
02:35:11,400 --> 02:35:14,300
the port that serves it? 
When you finally head upstairs, 

2836
02:35:14,300 --> 02:35:18,400
your wife extinguishing, the 
candles behind you, the day 

2837
02:35:18,400 --> 02:35:21,100
feels complete in a way that has
nothing to do with 

2838
02:35:21,100 --> 02:35:24,100
accomplishment and everything to
do with survival. 

2839
02:35:24,100 --> 02:35:28,200
Another day of work done, family
fed house, still standing 

2840
02:35:28,200 --> 02:35:32,500
children still alive. 
It's not much by grandstands but

2841
02:35:32,500 --> 02:35:35,300
by the standards of people who 
live by the Sea and work with 

2842
02:35:35,300 --> 02:35:37,600
their backs. 
It's everything that matters 

2843
02:35:37,600 --> 02:35:39,600
your bed receives you with the 
same. 

2844
02:35:39,600 --> 02:35:43,400
Lumpy familiarity at. 
Always does your wife settles in

2845
02:35:43,400 --> 02:35:45,900
beside you? 
And for a moment before sleep 

2846
02:35:45,900 --> 02:35:48,100
comes, you're aware of the 
simple. 

2847
02:35:48,100 --> 02:35:49,900
Comfort of another person's 
warmth. 

2848
02:35:49,900 --> 02:35:52,500
The shared life. 
You've built in this tilting 

2849
02:35:52,500 --> 02:35:55,400
house by the harbor. 
The way your days, follow the 

2850
02:35:55,400 --> 02:35:58,600
tide in your lives. 
Follow patterns as old as the 

2851
02:35:58,600 --> 02:36:02,200
port itself, the sun sets into 
the harbor, like, it's been 

2852
02:36:02,200 --> 02:36:05,600
doing this all its life. 
Turning the water into something

2853
02:36:05,600 --> 02:36:09,000
resembling molten, copper the 
evening light, does things to 

2854
02:36:09,000 --> 02:36:11,900
the port town that almost make 
you forget it's the same place 

2855
02:36:11,900 --> 02:36:13,900
that smells like fish guts and 
sewage. 

2856
02:36:13,900 --> 02:36:18,300
During the day Shadows, stretch 
long across the docks softening,

2857
02:36:18,300 --> 02:36:21,900
the rough edges of warehouses 
and masts making everything look

2858
02:36:21,900 --> 02:36:25,300
gentler than it deserves. 
You finish your last bit of work

2859
02:36:25,300 --> 02:36:27,900
as the light Fades securing a 
line here. 

2860
02:36:27,900 --> 02:36:31,500
Checking the car goes properly 
covered there and doing the 

2861
02:36:31,500 --> 02:36:33,200
small tasks that prevent 
tomorrow. 

2862
02:36:33,200 --> 02:36:36,800
From starting with disasters, 
the Wolf Master walks, the docks

2863
02:36:36,800 --> 02:36:40,300
one final time, his Lantern 
bobbing in the growing Darkness,

2864
02:36:40,300 --> 02:36:43,900
making sure everything is 
secured before night fully 

2865
02:36:43,900 --> 02:36:46,400
settles in. 
He's been doing this for 30 

2866
02:36:46,400 --> 02:36:50,500
years checking the same things 
in the same order, finding 

2867
02:36:50,500 --> 02:36:53,400
occasional problems that would 
have become major problems by 

2868
02:36:53,400 --> 02:36:55,600
morning. 
The evening brings a different 

2869
02:36:55,600 --> 02:36:58,700
population to the docks. 
The daytime workers head home 

2870
02:36:58,700 --> 02:37:01,700
While others emerge fisherman, 
preparing for night, fishing, 

2871
02:37:01,700 --> 02:37:05,200
ships Cruise, rotating, watch. 
And Various individuals, whose 

2872
02:37:05,200 --> 02:37:07,300
business is better conducted in 
darkness. 

2873
02:37:08,200 --> 02:37:11,600
You don't ask about the latter 
Port Towns attract all sorts of 

2874
02:37:11,600 --> 02:37:14,000
Commerce. 
Some of it legal, some of it, 

2875
02:37:14,000 --> 02:37:17,500
less legal, and most of it 
existing in a gray area that 

2876
02:37:17,500 --> 02:37:20,700
depends on who's asking and how 
much they're willing to pay to 

2877
02:37:20,700 --> 02:37:23,500
avoid asking to closely walking 
home. 

2878
02:37:23,500 --> 02:37:26,400
You pass through streets that 
are transforming as the light 

2879
02:37:26,400 --> 02:37:31,000
dies lanterns appear in Windows,
small points of Illumination, 

2880
02:37:31,000 --> 02:37:34,400
that create more Shadows than 
they, dispel the taverns glow 

2881
02:37:34,400 --> 02:37:38,000
warmly, their doors opening and 
closing as workers seek the 

2882
02:37:38,008 --> 02:37:41,400
comfort of drink and Company. 
Someone's cooking something that

2883
02:37:41,400 --> 02:37:44,400
smells like roasted meat. 
And your stomach, reminds you 

2884
02:37:44,400 --> 02:37:47,300
that fish soup for dinner while 
adequate wasn't particularly 

2885
02:37:47,300 --> 02:37:50,400
exciting. 
Your street is quieter than the 

2886
02:37:50,400 --> 02:37:53,700
commercial areas settling in to 
evening routines that revolve 

2887
02:37:53,700 --> 02:37:57,600
around families and homes rather
than Commerce, Smoke rises from 

2888
02:37:57,600 --> 02:38:00,000
chimneys, as people build up 
their Fires for the night, 

2889
02:38:00,000 --> 02:38:02,400
children play in the last bit of
light. 

2890
02:38:02,400 --> 02:38:05,900
Their game's having that frantic
quality that comes from knowing 

2891
02:38:05,900 --> 02:38:09,600
they'll be called inside soon. 
A mother yells for her son who 

2892
02:38:09,600 --> 02:38:12,400
pretends not to hear which 
earned him a more emphatic, 

2893
02:38:12,400 --> 02:38:14,300
summons that he can't pretend to
ignore. 

2894
02:38:15,300 --> 02:38:17,200
Your own house has that warm 
glow. 

2895
02:38:17,200 --> 02:38:19,800
That means your wife has already
lit, the candles and built up 

2896
02:38:19,808 --> 02:38:22,300
the fire. 
You can see your children moving

2897
02:38:22,300 --> 02:38:25,000
around inside Through the 
Windows Shadows against the 

2898
02:38:25,000 --> 02:38:27,800
light. 
It's a simple site one. 

2899
02:38:27,800 --> 02:38:31,100
You see every evening, but 
tonight, you pause to appreciate

2900
02:38:31,100 --> 02:38:33,600
it. 
The basic fact of having a home 

2901
02:38:33,600 --> 02:38:37,700
to return to people who expect 
your return, and a fire, that's 

2902
02:38:37,700 --> 02:38:40,500
been kept burning for your 
arrival inside. 

2903
02:38:40,500 --> 02:38:43,500
Your wife has progressed Beyond 
soup and somehow produced bread 

2904
02:38:43,500 --> 02:38:46,700
pudding, which is ambitious. 
Given your typical supplies. 

2905
02:38:46,700 --> 02:38:48,900
You don't ask how she managed 
it. 

2906
02:38:48,900 --> 02:38:51,900
There are mysteries in household
economy that you've learned, not

2907
02:38:51,900 --> 02:38:55,700
to probe to deeply the, putting 
his heavy and sweet and taste 

2908
02:38:55,700 --> 02:38:57,900
like raisins. 
That might have had better days 

2909
02:38:57,900 --> 02:39:00,600
but are still perfectly adequate
when mixed with enough honey. 

2910
02:39:01,700 --> 02:39:05,300
The evening stretches out 
without urgency your oldest son,

2911
02:39:05,300 --> 02:39:07,300
sits by the window supposedly 
reading. 

2912
02:39:07,300 --> 02:39:10,700
But probably just thinking about
that ship job and whatever 

2913
02:39:10,700 --> 02:39:13,000
fantasies he has about life at 
Sea. 

2914
02:39:13,000 --> 02:39:15,600
Your daughters have discovered 
that the cat is willing to 

2915
02:39:15,600 --> 02:39:17,500
tolerate being dressed in doll 
clothes. 

2916
02:39:17,500 --> 02:39:21,100
At least until it isn't. 
Which happens suddenly and with 

2917
02:39:21,100 --> 02:39:24,800
impressive use of claws, your 
middle son works on some carving

2918
02:39:24,800 --> 02:39:27,200
project. 
Creating wood shavings that will

2919
02:39:27,200 --> 02:39:30,800
need sweeping up later absorbed 
in the particular Focus that 

2920
02:39:30,800 --> 02:39:33,200
children bring to projects. 
They've chosen themselves. 

2921
02:39:33,200 --> 02:39:36,400
Your wife settles into a chair 
with a cup of something hot. 

2922
02:39:36,400 --> 02:39:41,000
Probably not tea because tea is 
expensive, more likely some 

2923
02:39:41,000 --> 02:39:43,300
herbal mixture. 
She's decided as beneficial 

2924
02:39:43,300 --> 02:39:46,500
properties. 
She sips, it slowly staring into

2925
02:39:46,500 --> 02:39:49,300
the fire with the expression of 
someone whose mind is elsewhere 

2926
02:39:49,300 --> 02:39:53,400
working through whatever 
calculations and worries, occupy

2927
02:39:53,400 --> 02:39:56,200
her thoughts. 
You've learned not to interrupt 

2928
02:39:56,200 --> 02:39:59,000
this thinking time. 
She'll share what she needs to 

2929
02:39:59,000 --> 02:40:01,700
share when she's ready. 
Fire Burns. 

2930
02:40:01,700 --> 02:40:05,500
Deadly, it's like creating a 
circle of warmth and visibility 

2931
02:40:05,500 --> 02:40:08,300
in the Gathering. 
Darkness beyond that Circle. 

2932
02:40:08,300 --> 02:40:11,300
The corners of the room Fade 
Into shadow, in your content to 

2933
02:40:11,300 --> 02:40:13,300
let them. 
There's something comforting 

2934
02:40:13,300 --> 02:40:17,000
about having the world reduced 
to this manageable size just 

2935
02:40:17,000 --> 02:40:20,600
this room. 
This fire, these people outside 

2936
02:40:20,600 --> 02:40:24,000
the Harbour continues, its 
Eternal Rhythm, you can hear 

2937
02:40:24,000 --> 02:40:27,700
water lapping against the docks 
that gentle repetitive sound 

2938
02:40:27,700 --> 02:40:31,500
that so constant usually don't 
notice it until you're sitting 

2939
02:40:31,500 --> 02:40:34,300
still enough to pay attention, 
occasionally, a voice carries 

2940
02:40:34,300 --> 02:40:37,300
across the water. 
Someone calling instructions or 

2941
02:40:37,300 --> 02:40:41,000
greetings, A bell ring 
somewhere, marking some 

2942
02:40:41,000 --> 02:40:44,700
nautical, our that has meaning 
to Sailors, but is just sound to

2943
02:40:44,700 --> 02:40:48,000
you, your youngest daughter 
climbs into your lap, which is 

2944
02:40:48,000 --> 02:40:50,700
becoming more difficult to she 
grows, but which she still 

2945
02:40:50,700 --> 02:40:53,900
insists on doing, she smells 
like, whatever she got into 

2946
02:40:53,900 --> 02:40:57,200
today, probably the garden, 
possibly the neighbor's 

2947
02:40:57,200 --> 02:41:00,500
chickens, definitely something 
that needs washing but won't get

2948
02:41:00,500 --> 02:41:03,500
washed until tomorrow. 
She asks you to tell her about 

2949
02:41:03,500 --> 02:41:07,100
the big fish, which is her way 
of requesting the same story. 

2950
02:41:07,100 --> 02:41:09,900
You've told her 50 times about 
the time. 

2951
02:41:09,900 --> 02:41:11,900
You saw a whale breach in the 
harbor mouth. 

2952
02:41:11,900 --> 02:41:15,500
You tell the story again, 
embellishing the parts you've 

2953
02:41:15,500 --> 02:41:18,700
embellished before, the whale 
growing slightly larger with 

2954
02:41:18,700 --> 02:41:21,600
each retelling until it's 
probably twice the size of the 

2955
02:41:21,600 --> 02:41:23,700
actual creature. 
She listens with the 

2956
02:41:23,708 --> 02:41:25,800
satisfaction of hearing a 
familiar tale. 

2957
02:41:25,800 --> 02:41:29,500
Occasionally correcting your 
details when you deviate too far

2958
02:41:29,500 --> 02:41:32,000
from the established narrative 
when you finish. 

2959
02:41:32,000 --> 02:41:34,700
She immediately asks, if you've 
ever seen a bigger fish than 

2960
02:41:34,700 --> 02:41:37,800
that, which leads to speculation
about what might live in the 

2961
02:41:37,800 --> 02:41:40,200
deep ocean? 
Which leads to her being 

2962
02:41:40,200 --> 02:41:42,300
convinced, there are definitely 
sea monsters. 

2963
02:41:42,300 --> 02:41:45,900
Your wife interrupts before the 
sea monster discussion can 

2964
02:41:45,900 --> 02:41:49,300
escalate into nightmares. 
She heard the children toward 

2965
02:41:49,300 --> 02:41:52,000
the stairs with Gentle 
insistence Beginning. 

2966
02:41:52,000 --> 02:41:55,500
The long process of getting 
everyone to bed, your oldest son

2967
02:41:55,500 --> 02:41:58,500
doesn't need herding. 
But goes anyway, probably glad 

2968
02:41:58,500 --> 02:42:01,300
for the excuse to escape family 
time and return to whatever. 

2969
02:42:01,300 --> 02:42:03,900
Thoughts. 
Occupy has almost adult mind. 

2970
02:42:03,900 --> 02:42:07,300
You remain by the fire adding 
another log because the Knight 

2971
02:42:07,300 --> 02:42:10,500
is growing cold and you're not 
quite ready to surrender warmth 

2972
02:42:10,500 --> 02:42:14,300
for sleep. 
The wood catchers slowly Flames.

2973
02:42:14,300 --> 02:42:16,900
Licking up the sides before 
fully committing to burning. 

2974
02:42:16,900 --> 02:42:20,200
What this with the attention of 
someone who's tired enough that 

2975
02:42:20,200 --> 02:42:24,300
even fire becomes interesting, 
the house quiets is children 

2976
02:42:24,300 --> 02:42:27,200
settle into sleep. 
A creaking and thumping from 

2977
02:42:27,200 --> 02:42:29,900
upstairs, gradually diminishes 
and until there's only the 

2978
02:42:29,900 --> 02:42:33,100
house, his own sound, the 
Timbers settling, the wind 

2979
02:42:33,100 --> 02:42:36,800
finding gaps in the walls and 
the fire popping occasionally 

2980
02:42:36,800 --> 02:42:39,400
when pocket of sat heat and 
burst. 

2981
02:42:39,400 --> 02:42:43,000
These sounds are so familiar. 
They're almost silent the white 

2982
02:42:43,000 --> 02:42:46,100
noise of home. 
Your wife returns having 

2983
02:42:46,100 --> 02:42:48,800
achieved the minor miracle of 
getting everyone in bed without 

2984
02:42:48,800 --> 02:42:51,800
major drama. 
He settles back into her chair 

2985
02:42:51,800 --> 02:42:53,900
with a sigh. 
That contains a full day's worth

2986
02:42:53,900 --> 02:42:57,600
of tiredness. 
For a while, neither of you 

2987
02:42:57,600 --> 02:42:59,900
speaks, there's nothing that 
needs saying. 

2988
02:42:59,900 --> 02:43:04,200
And you're both too tired for 
Unnecessary conversation Fire 

2989
02:43:04,200 --> 02:43:07,100
burns. 
The darkness beyond the windows 

2990
02:43:07,100 --> 02:43:09,700
is complete. 
Now, the harbor invisible, 

2991
02:43:09,700 --> 02:43:13,400
except for occasional lanterns. 
Moving on distant ships, she 

2992
02:43:13,400 --> 02:43:16,100
mentions that the roof is 
definitely leaking worse than 

2993
02:43:16,100 --> 02:43:19,900
before and that the leak in the 
corner, has expanded to include 

2994
02:43:19,900 --> 02:43:22,800
the area near the window. 
You acknowledge this, with the 

2995
02:43:22,800 --> 02:43:25,700
resignation of someone who 
knows, roof repairs cost money, 

2996
02:43:25,700 --> 02:43:29,200
you don't have, she suggests may
be asking your brother in law 

2997
02:43:29,200 --> 02:43:32,000
who supposedly knows about roofs
though. 

2998
02:43:32,000 --> 02:43:35,800
You both know this is unlikely 
to result in actual repairs and 

2999
02:43:35,800 --> 02:43:39,000
very likely to result in advice.
You don't want about other 

3000
02:43:39,000 --> 02:43:42,200
things wrong with your house, 
you discuss quietly the 

3001
02:43:42,200 --> 02:43:44,900
possibility of your oldest son, 
taking that ship job. 

3002
02:43:45,700 --> 02:43:48,900
The conversation is careful. 
Both of you, testing the edges 

3003
02:43:48,900 --> 02:43:51,500
of your feelings about it 
without committing to positions.

3004
02:43:51,500 --> 02:43:54,700
She worries about storms, and 
Pirates, and all the things that

3005
02:43:54,700 --> 02:43:57,500
can go wrong at sea. 
You worried about the same 

3006
02:43:57,500 --> 02:44:00,900
things but also think about the 
money about what it could mean 

3007
02:44:00,900 --> 02:44:03,300
for the family. 
Neither of you wants to make 

3008
02:44:03,308 --> 02:44:06,200
this decision but it's probably 
not your decision to make. 

3009
02:44:06,200 --> 02:44:09,900
Anyway, the boys, nearly grown 
and grown men make their own 

3010
02:44:09,908 --> 02:44:12,900
choices. 
The fire burns lower and you 

3011
02:44:12,900 --> 02:44:16,000
should probably Bank it for the 
night, but moving requires 

3012
02:44:16,000 --> 02:44:17,500
energy. 
You're not sure you have. 

3013
02:44:17,500 --> 02:44:20,000
Your wife seems to be thinking 
the same thing. 

3014
02:44:20,000 --> 02:44:23,300
Both of you sitting there aware 
that you should go to bed, but 

3015
02:44:23,300 --> 02:44:25,100
lacking the motivation to 
actually do it. 

3016
02:44:26,100 --> 02:44:29,100
These moments of quiet between 
tasks are rare enough that 

3017
02:44:29,100 --> 02:44:31,200
you're reluctant to end them 
eventually. 

3018
02:44:31,200 --> 02:44:35,500
Necessity, overcomes inertia. 
You tend to the fire arranging 

3019
02:44:35,500 --> 02:44:37,700
logs and Ash to keep some heat 
through the night without 

3020
02:44:37,700 --> 02:44:40,700
burning too much fuel. 
Your wife checks, the door is 

3021
02:44:40,700 --> 02:44:43,000
barred and the shutter is 
secured and performs all the 

3022
02:44:43,008 --> 02:44:45,200
small rituals that separate day 
from night. 

3023
02:44:45,200 --> 02:44:48,700
You follow her upstairs. 
Each step, reminding you of 

3024
02:44:48,700 --> 02:44:51,700
muscles that were worked hard 
today and will be worked hard 

3025
02:44:51,700 --> 02:44:55,100
again tomorrow, the bedroom is 
cold, despite the lingering 

3026
02:44:55,100 --> 02:44:57,600
warmth from downstairs. 
You undress. 

3027
02:44:57,600 --> 02:45:00,600
Quickly clothes folded and left 
on the chest because hanging 

3028
02:45:00,600 --> 02:45:03,000
them up is more effort and seems
worthwhile. 

3029
02:45:03,000 --> 02:45:06,700
The bed is cold until you've 
been in it for a few minutes and

3030
02:45:06,700 --> 02:45:09,900
then it becomes merely cool. 
And then, finally, warm enough 

3031
02:45:09,900 --> 02:45:13,100
that you can relax your wife's 
settles in beside you. 

3032
02:45:13,100 --> 02:45:16,800
And for a moment, you're both 
awake in the darkness, listening

3033
02:45:16,800 --> 02:45:20,200
to the house around you, the 
harbor Beyond, and the whole 

3034
02:45:20,200 --> 02:45:22,600
Port Town settling into its 
nighttime. 

3035
02:45:22,600 --> 02:45:25,100
Rhythm tomorrow will be much 
like today. 

3036
02:45:25,100 --> 02:45:29,300
The tide will turn ships will 
need unloading and the market 

3037
02:45:29,300 --> 02:45:32,700
will sell fish and bread and all
the other necessities of life 

3038
02:45:32,700 --> 02:45:35,200
your Children will grow slightly
older. 

3039
02:45:35,200 --> 02:45:38,400
Your back will hurt slightly 
more and the roof will leak 

3040
02:45:38,400 --> 02:45:41,500
exactly as much as it leaks now,
until you eventually do 

3041
02:45:41,500 --> 02:45:45,400
something about it. 
But that's tomorrow's concern 

3042
02:45:45,400 --> 02:45:49,500
tonight your warm and horizontal
and your family is safe under 

3043
02:45:49,500 --> 02:45:53,600
your roof, leaky though. 
That roof may be the seamers in 

3044
02:45:53,600 --> 02:45:58,200
the background Eternal and 
endless Sound that's been the 

3045
02:45:58,200 --> 02:46:00,700
backdrop to your life. 
Since you were born in this port

3046
02:46:00,700 --> 02:46:03,800
town and will be the backdrop 
until you die here. 

3047
02:46:03,800 --> 02:46:09,400
It's not a bad sound to fall 
asleep to constant rhythmic 

3048
02:46:09,400 --> 02:46:12,900
almost like breathing, if 
breathing were larger and wetter

3049
02:46:12,900 --> 02:46:16,300
and involved, moving several 
million tons of water twice a 

3050
02:46:16,300 --> 02:46:18,100
day. 
Sleep comes, gradually 

3051
02:46:18,100 --> 02:46:21,200
Consciousness. 
Fading like the tide, going out 

3052
02:46:21,200 --> 02:46:24,200
your last thought before it 
takes you as something about 

3053
02:46:24,200 --> 02:46:27,400
tomorrow's work though by 
morning you won't remember what 

3054
02:46:27,400 --> 02:46:31,800
that thought was only that you 
had it and it seemed important 

3055
02:46:31,800 --> 02:46:34,900
at the time and now it's gone. 
Like everything else into the 

3056
02:46:34,900 --> 02:46:37,900
gentle darkness of sleep and see
and home. 

3057
02:46:43,800 --> 02:46:47,600
Imagine yourself on a Liverpool 
dock in 1838 watching What 

3058
02:46:47,600 --> 02:46:50,200
appears to be a sailing ship. 
Have an affair with a factory 

3059
02:46:50,200 --> 02:46:53,200
paddle Wheels, turn the water 
like enormous. 

3060
02:46:53,200 --> 02:46:57,100
Wooden washing machines smoke, 
billows from tall funnels and 

3061
02:46:57,100 --> 02:46:58,600
somewhere. 
Deep within this mechanical, 

3062
02:46:58,600 --> 02:47:02,100
whale coal, fires burn, hot 
enough to convert water into the

3063
02:47:02,108 --> 02:47:05,500
steam that will take you across 
the Atlantic Ocean in just 18 

3064
02:47:05,500 --> 02:47:09,100
days, rather than the customary,
6 weeks, this marks, the 

3065
02:47:09,108 --> 02:47:11,900
beginning of the steamship era 
when traveling across the 

3066
02:47:11,900 --> 02:47:14,200
ocean's became more like 
following a schedule, rather 

3067
02:47:14,200 --> 02:47:18,400
than a prayer to the wind gods. 
One of the first specially 

3068
02:47:18,400 --> 02:47:20,400
designed steamships to 
frequently Traverse the 

3069
02:47:20,408 --> 02:47:22,500
Atlantic. 
The Great Western was 

3070
02:47:22,500 --> 02:47:25,500
essentially a floating city with
a very particular issue. 

3071
02:47:25,500 --> 02:47:27,600
How do you feed hundreds of 
people? 

3072
02:47:27,600 --> 02:47:31,000
When the closest supermarket is 
thousands of miles away and 

3073
02:47:31,000 --> 02:47:34,300
won't be accessible for weeks, 
prior to steamships, traveling 

3074
02:47:34,300 --> 02:47:36,500
by sea, was similar to camping 
for wealthy people. 

3075
02:47:36,500 --> 02:47:39,600
You brought your own food, hoped
it wouldn't go bad. 

3076
02:47:39,600 --> 02:47:42,500
And accepted that meals would 
consist of whatever the ship's 

3077
02:47:42,500 --> 02:47:45,600
cook, could prepare using 
hardtack salt pork and anything 

3078
02:47:45,600 --> 02:47:49,000
that wasn't moldy. 
But everything changed with 

3079
02:47:49,000 --> 02:47:51,400
steamships these were luxury 
hotels. 

3080
02:47:51,400 --> 02:47:54,500
That just so happened to float 
and luxury hotels, require 

3081
02:47:54,500 --> 02:47:57,400
luxury dining. 
They weren't merely transport 

3082
02:47:57,400 --> 02:47:59,500
ships. 
The difficulty of the task was 

3083
02:47:59,500 --> 02:48:02,600
magnificent. 
Imagine a tempting to stock a 

3084
02:48:02,600 --> 02:48:05,100
restaurant for three weeks. 
While your kitchen is always 

3085
02:48:05,100 --> 02:48:08,500
changing in three dimensions, 
you have limited storage space. 

3086
02:48:08,500 --> 02:48:12,400
No Refrigeration, other than 
what nature provides you are. 

3087
02:48:12,408 --> 02:48:14,200
Unable to go outside for fresh 
ingredients. 

3088
02:48:14,200 --> 02:48:17,500
Oh, and your Patron's 
anticipate, the same level of 

3089
02:48:17,500 --> 02:48:20,800
quality that they would find at 
the best restaurants in New York

3090
02:48:20,800 --> 02:48:23,200
or London. 
This issue was resolved by ship 

3091
02:48:23,200 --> 02:48:26,300
designers using the same 
Victorian inventiveness that 

3092
02:48:26,300 --> 02:48:29,000
produced the sewers canal and 
the London sewer system. 

3093
02:48:29,900 --> 02:48:32,900
He developed dining systems, 
inventive preservation 

3094
02:48:32,900 --> 02:48:35,100
techniques and floating 
pantries. 

3095
02:48:35,100 --> 02:48:37,900
That would make contemporary 
cruise ship designers swoon. 

3096
02:48:38,700 --> 02:48:41,300
In addition, to overcoming 
distance, the steamship was also

3097
02:48:41,300 --> 02:48:44,000
transforming the idea of what it
meant to eat healthily while 

3098
02:48:44,000 --> 02:48:47,800
traveling launched. 
In 1843, the SS Great Britain, 

3099
02:48:47,800 --> 02:48:50,800
resembled a mechanical, Marvel 
crossed with a floating palace. 

3100
02:48:51,500 --> 02:48:56,400
It was the world's largest ship 
measuring 322 feet in length and

3101
02:48:56,400 --> 02:48:59,200
its designers recognized that 
passengers were purchasing an 

3102
02:48:59,200 --> 02:49:01,100
experience rather than merely a 
ticket. 

3103
02:49:02,000 --> 02:49:04,700
In addition to reflecting the 
social structures of the era, 

3104
02:49:04,700 --> 02:49:08,400
the dining Arrangements on these
early steamships introduced new 

3105
02:49:08,400 --> 02:49:11,900
types of Maritime Hospitality 
that would shape Ocean Travel in

3106
02:49:11,900 --> 02:49:14,800
the century that followed the 
way that steamship dining 

3107
02:49:14,800 --> 02:49:17,300
addressed issues that a dogged 
Maritime travel ever. 

3108
02:49:17,300 --> 02:49:19,800
Since people first tied logs 
together and aimed them toward 

3109
02:49:19,800 --> 02:49:21,700
the Horizon. 
He was what made it so 

3110
02:49:21,700 --> 02:49:24,500
intriguing. 
Proper food storage and menu 

3111
02:49:24,500 --> 02:49:28,000
planning helped prevent scurvy. 
The vitamin deficit disease that

3112
02:49:28,000 --> 02:49:31,400
made Sailors teeth in to lose 
successories, multi-course, 

3113
02:49:31,400 --> 02:49:32,900
meals. 
That could compete with anything

3114
02:49:32,900 --> 02:49:36,100
served on land replaced, the 
boring diet of ship biscuits and

3115
02:49:36,100 --> 02:49:38,600
salt beef. 
The true Revolution however, was

3116
02:49:38,600 --> 02:49:42,200
not in what people ate but 
rather in how dining became an 

3117
02:49:42,200 --> 02:49:43,900
integral part of the steamship 
experience. 

3118
02:49:44,800 --> 02:49:47,800
Like all communities, these 
ships were forming floating, 

3119
02:49:47,800 --> 02:49:50,000
communities centered around 
communal meals. 

3120
02:49:50,000 --> 02:49:53,400
The ship's Dining Saloon 
developed into its Social Hub, 

3121
02:49:53,400 --> 02:49:56,900
where travelers from various 
backgrounds, interacted romances

3122
02:49:56,900 --> 02:50:00,000
blossomed, and the simple Act of
sharing meals, forged 

3123
02:50:00,000 --> 02:50:03,100
relationships that persisted 
long after the ship docked and 

3124
02:50:03,100 --> 02:50:04,500
imagine yourself standing on 
that. 

3125
02:50:04,500 --> 02:50:07,200
Liverpool doc, as you fall 
asleep tonight watching people 

3126
02:50:07,200 --> 02:50:09,500
bored with their trunks and 
their expectations. 

3127
02:50:09,500 --> 02:50:13,100
The first meal service of a 
voyage that will redefine what 

3128
02:50:13,100 --> 02:50:15,200
it means to eat. 
While traveling is already 

3129
02:50:15,200 --> 02:50:17,900
underway somewhere in the ship's
belly, as the whistle blows and 

3130
02:50:17,908 --> 02:50:19,900
the paddle Wheels start. 
Their rhythmic churning. 

3131
02:50:20,600 --> 02:50:23,400
You're about to learn how these 
floating eateries catered to 

3132
02:50:23,400 --> 02:50:25,900
their patrons, serving 
everything from the most 

3133
02:50:25,900 --> 02:50:29,300
elaborate first class Feast to 
the most basic steerage meal. 

3134
02:50:29,300 --> 02:50:32,400
All while navigating, the 
Atlantic Ocean's NeverEnding, 

3135
02:50:32,400 --> 02:50:35,400
wave's you might not even 
realize you're on a ship when 

3136
02:50:35,400 --> 02:50:37,200
you enter the SS Great 
Eastern's. 

3137
02:50:37,200 --> 02:50:41,600
Dining Saloon in 1860 Like a 
cathedral devoted to the art of 

3138
02:50:41,600 --> 02:50:44,300
eating the rooms sprawls out in 
front of you. 

3139
02:50:45,100 --> 02:50:47,900
Long tables covered in a 
macular, white linen, stretch 

3140
02:50:47,900 --> 02:50:49,900
into the distance, like a Royal 
Banquet. 

3141
02:50:50,700 --> 02:50:53,300
Crystal chandeliers swayed 
softly with the motion of the 

3142
02:50:53,300 --> 02:50:56,500
ship and massive mirrors. 
Reflect Gaslight off polished 

3143
02:50:56,500 --> 02:50:58,500
mahogany during the Victorian 
era. 

3144
02:50:58,500 --> 02:51:00,900
These dining saloons were the 
answer to a very specific 

3145
02:51:00,900 --> 02:51:03,700
question. 
Can you create an atmosphere of 

3146
02:51:03,700 --> 02:51:07,300
refined Elegance in a space? 
That is surrounded by thousands 

3147
02:51:07,300 --> 02:51:12,300
of tons of cold, sea water and 
is always in motion. most people

3148
02:51:12,300 --> 02:51:14,500
were unaware that the answer 
required more theatrical 

3149
02:51:14,500 --> 02:51:18,100
stagecraft, Every component, 
including the substantial 

3150
02:51:18,100 --> 02:51:21,400
Furniture, fastened to the deck 
and the specially made fiddles 

3151
02:51:21,400 --> 02:51:24,400
those elevated edges, that 
prevented plates from slipping 

3152
02:51:24,400 --> 02:51:26,600
off. 
Tables was thoughtfully arranged

3153
02:51:26,600 --> 02:51:30,300
to preserve the appearance of 
stability and elegance with 400 

3154
02:51:30,300 --> 02:51:33,500
seats available at once. 
The great Easterns Dining Saloon

3155
02:51:33,500 --> 02:51:36,300
was larger than the majority of 
eateries in New York or London. 

3156
02:51:37,200 --> 02:51:40,500
This one, however, had to 
operate, while tilting rolling, 

3157
02:51:40,500 --> 02:51:43,000
and occasionally, lurching in 
ways that would cause a 

3158
02:51:43,000 --> 02:51:46,600
terrestrial Matrix to go into 
cardiac arrest in contrast to 

3159
02:51:46,600 --> 02:51:50,700
those land-based establishments.
Ship designers, used inventions 

3160
02:51:50,700 --> 02:51:54,000
that combined engineering 
prowess and magical thinking to 

3161
02:51:54,000 --> 02:51:57,000
overcome these obstacles wide 
low tables with the 

3162
02:51:57,008 --> 02:52:00,000
characteristic raised edges, 
that came to Define dining at 

3163
02:52:00,000 --> 02:52:03,000
Sea were constructed. 
Chairs were made to remain 

3164
02:52:03,000 --> 02:52:05,700
stationary in the event of 
choppy seas, and were heavier 

3165
02:52:05,700 --> 02:52:09,100
than their cousins on shore. 
Thick carpets that absorbed 

3166
02:52:09,100 --> 02:52:12,200
sound and offered traction. 
Covered the floors, creating an 

3167
02:52:12,200 --> 02:52:14,800
acoustic space where diners 
could hear one another over the 

3168
02:52:14,800 --> 02:52:18,400
continuous of paddle, wheels and
steam engines lighting posts, 

3169
02:52:18,400 --> 02:52:21,900
special difficulties of its 
owning saloon's were reliant on 

3170
02:52:21,900 --> 02:52:25,400
oil, lamps and later gas 
fixtures, which had to be safe. 

3171
02:52:25,400 --> 02:52:28,000
Even when the ship was pitching 
in severe weather because 

3172
02:52:28,000 --> 02:52:31,900
candles were fire hazards on 
Wooden Ships, As a result even 

3173
02:52:31,900 --> 02:52:35,300
basic meals, felt refined and 
sophisticated thanks to the warm

3174
02:52:35,300 --> 02:52:38,400
golden illumination. 
Many Travelers recalled the 

3175
02:52:38,400 --> 02:52:41,200
entire experience more vividly 
than the places they were 

3176
02:52:41,200 --> 02:52:44,300
sailing toward because the food 
and passengers looked better. 

3177
02:52:44,300 --> 02:52:47,600
And the whole thing took on an 
almost dreamlike quality, these 

3178
02:52:47,600 --> 02:52:50,900
dining saloons social dynamics 
were meticulously planned out 

3179
02:52:50,900 --> 02:52:53,700
like a ballet. 
Based on this social standing 

3180
02:52:53,700 --> 02:52:56,000
class of travel and occasionally
their nationality. 

3181
02:52:56,000 --> 02:53:00,100
Passengers were given seats. 
Prominent passengers might find 

3182
02:53:00,100 --> 02:53:03,000
themselves dining with the ships
officers and exchanging tales 

3183
02:53:03,000 --> 02:53:05,500
that would eventually become 
part of Maritime folklore at the

3184
02:53:05,508 --> 02:53:07,900
Captain's Table. 
The most prestigious seating 

3185
02:53:07,900 --> 02:53:10,600
arrangement, the way these 
dining saloons manage the 

3186
02:53:10,600 --> 02:53:13,300
straightforward Logistics of 
serving hundreds of meals at 

3187
02:53:13,300 --> 02:53:15,400
once. 
While the entire restaurant was 

3188
02:53:15,400 --> 02:53:18,200
constantly moving was perhaps 
their most impressive feature. 

3189
02:53:19,300 --> 02:53:23,100
Waiters also known as stewards 
created methods that combined 

3190
02:53:23,100 --> 02:53:24,800
elements of martial arts and 
dance. 

3191
02:53:24,800 --> 02:53:28,000
They developed an almost 
Supernatural ability to carry 

3192
02:53:28,000 --> 02:53:31,100
loaded trays across a rolling 
deck without losing a single 

3193
02:53:31,100 --> 02:53:34,000
dinner role as they learned to 
anticipate the movement of the 

3194
02:53:34,000 --> 02:53:35,900
ship and time their steps to its
Rhythm. 

3195
02:53:35,900 --> 02:53:39,500
There was nothing like the sound
of a steamship Dining Saloon in 

3196
02:53:39,500 --> 02:53:43,100
full operation on land. 
The soft chatter of passengers, 

3197
02:53:43,100 --> 02:53:46,600
the clink of silverware, the 
rustle of stewards feet on the 

3198
02:53:46,600 --> 02:53:50,600
plush carpet, and beneath it all
the steady hum of the engines 

3199
02:53:50,600 --> 02:53:53,900
that powered this floating 
Eatery, as a reminder, that this

3200
02:53:53,900 --> 02:53:57,200
sophisticated social area was 
encircled by the vastness of the

3201
02:53:57,208 --> 02:53:59,300
ocean. 
You may occasionally hear the 

3202
02:53:59,300 --> 02:54:03,000
distant sound of waves against 
the hull or the Cry of seabirds 

3203
02:54:03,000 --> 02:54:05,700
meals in the evening were 
especially magical events. 

3204
02:54:05,700 --> 02:54:09,500
In the midst of the trackless 
sea, the Dining Saloon turned 

3205
02:54:09,500 --> 02:54:12,500
into a cozy Haven of 
civilization as the daylight 

3206
02:54:12,500 --> 02:54:15,800
dimmed and the lamps were lit. 
For a few hours, the 

3207
02:54:15,800 --> 02:54:19,100
difficulties and discomforts of 
sea travel would be replaced by 

3208
02:54:19,100 --> 02:54:23,600
conversation, delicious food and
the strange intimacy that arises

3209
02:54:23,600 --> 02:54:26,100
when strangers share an 
extraordinary experience. 

3210
02:54:27,000 --> 02:54:29,500
Passengers were dressed to 
impress formal. 

3211
02:54:29,500 --> 02:54:32,900
Dining was expected on 
steamships, these dining swoons 

3212
02:54:32,900 --> 02:54:35,000
menu cards at poetic codes to 
Victorian. 

3213
02:54:35,000 --> 02:54:38,500
Plenty, each dish would be 
described in such a way that 

3214
02:54:38,500 --> 02:54:41,200
even the most basic preparations
would seem like culinary 

3215
02:54:41,200 --> 02:54:44,000
masterpieces. 
And course, after course, would 

3216
02:54:44,000 --> 02:54:47,700
be listed in intricate script. 
This theatrical presentation, 

3217
02:54:47,700 --> 02:54:50,400
however, was based on a 
sophisticated understanding of 

3218
02:54:50,400 --> 02:54:53,200
what worked in Maritime dining. 
Foods. 

3219
02:54:53,200 --> 02:54:55,200
That could be prepared ahead of 
time that traveled. 

3220
02:54:55,200 --> 02:54:57,800
Well, and that would retain 
their excellent flavor. 

3221
02:54:57,800 --> 02:55:00,300
Even after being served in a 
constantly moving room. 

3222
02:55:00,300 --> 02:55:03,700
Consider yourself in 1875 
sitting down to dinner. 

3223
02:55:03,700 --> 02:55:07,100
After becoming wealthy enough to
reserve first-class passage on 

3224
02:55:07,100 --> 02:55:11,200
the RMS Britannic with dishes. 
Like turtle soup, salmon with 

3225
02:55:11,200 --> 02:55:14,500
lobster sauce, roast beef, with 
Yorkshire pudding, game pie, 

3226
02:55:14,500 --> 02:55:16,700
Charlotte Russe, and fresh 
fruit. 

3227
02:55:16,700 --> 02:55:18,800
That somehow survived the 
journey from Mediterranean 

3228
02:55:18,800 --> 02:55:21,200
Groves to your plate. 
Without wilting in the Atlantic 

3229
02:55:21,200 --> 02:55:23,300
spray. 
The menu in front of you reads 

3230
02:55:23,300 --> 02:55:25,300
like a love letter to Victorian 
access. 

3231
02:55:25,300 --> 02:55:28,900
This was more than just dinner. 
It was a show of Humanity's 

3232
02:55:28,900 --> 02:55:32,000
ability to overcome the inherent
constraints of Maritime travel. 

3233
02:55:33,100 --> 02:55:36,300
Every component on your plate. 
Symbolized a triumph over 

3234
02:55:36,300 --> 02:55:39,800
spoiling and each expertly 
prepared dish was a protest 

3235
02:55:39,800 --> 02:55:42,700
against the ocean's attempt to 
turn your food into salted, meat

3236
02:55:42,700 --> 02:55:45,400
and hardtack. 
First class passengers were 

3237
02:55:45,400 --> 02:55:47,700
purchased in temporary 
protection from the harsh 

3238
02:55:47,700 --> 02:55:50,600
reality of Life at Sea. 
Not just a means of 

3239
02:55:50,600 --> 02:55:53,900
transportation a contemporary 
supply chain manager would have 

3240
02:55:53,900 --> 02:55:56,500
been impressed by the logistics 
of these elaborate meals. 

3241
02:55:56,500 --> 02:56:00,300
Consider that fresh fruit. 
The rightness of Spanish 

3242
02:56:00,300 --> 02:56:03,400
oranges, English apples and 
French greats had to be 

3243
02:56:03,400 --> 02:56:06,700
carefully, chose and packed to 
protect them from ship motion, 

3244
02:56:06,700 --> 02:56:08,800
and kept in. 
Specially, ventilated 

3245
02:56:08,800 --> 02:56:11,700
compartments, that allowed just 
enough air circulation to keep 

3246
02:56:11,700 --> 02:56:14,900
wrote at Bay without allowing in
the Saltair that would destroy 

3247
02:56:14,900 --> 02:56:17,300
everything. 
The problems with meat were even

3248
02:56:17,300 --> 02:56:20,400
worse, they didn't just throw 
that roast beef in the ships, 

3249
02:56:20,400 --> 02:56:23,500
pantry and hope for the best. 
It was a component of a 

3250
02:56:23,500 --> 02:56:26,100
well-planned system. 
That also included, traditional 

3251
02:56:26,100 --> 02:56:29,400
salt preserved Meats for longer 
voyages, live cattle. 

3252
02:56:29,400 --> 02:56:32,100
Kept in, pens on deck and 
cutting-edge preservation, 

3253
02:56:32,100 --> 02:56:34,900
methods that stretched. 
The limits of 19th century, food

3254
02:56:34,900 --> 02:56:37,600
science. 
Some ships even had their own 

3255
02:56:37,600 --> 02:56:39,800
ice houses which were 
essentially floating 

3256
02:56:39,800 --> 02:56:42,700
refrigerators that allowed 
perishables to last far longer 

3257
02:56:42,700 --> 02:56:44,400
than they could have a 
generation ago. 

3258
02:56:44,400 --> 02:56:47,900
These looks Furious steamships 
had wine cellars that were Feats

3259
02:56:47,900 --> 02:56:51,000
of engineering and taste in 
order to maintain appropriate 

3260
02:56:51,000 --> 02:56:54,000
storage conditions bottles 
needed to be fastened against 

3261
02:56:54,000 --> 02:56:57,800
the ships continuous motion. 
The wine Steward who frequently 

3262
02:56:57,800 --> 02:57:00,600
held a highly esteemed position 
on board, a ship was 

3263
02:57:00,600 --> 02:57:03,300
knowledgeable about both wines 
and the unique difficulties of 

3264
02:57:03,300 --> 02:57:05,500
serving them in a constantly 
tilting environment. 

3265
02:57:06,500 --> 02:57:09,800
If handled in properly a vintage
Bordeaux that was excellent on 

3266
02:57:09,800 --> 02:57:12,400
land could become unfit for 
consumption, while traveling 

3267
02:57:12,400 --> 02:57:15,800
across the Atlantic first class 
breakfasts, which catered to the

3268
02:57:15,808 --> 02:57:18,600
international character of 
steamship travel range from 

3269
02:57:18,600 --> 02:57:21,800
traditional English, fair to 
Continental Delicacies, and 

3270
02:57:21,800 --> 02:57:25,200
could last, for hours, the 
ship's others, which had to 

3271
02:57:25,200 --> 02:57:26,800
work. 
While the entire kitchen was 

3272
02:57:26,800 --> 02:57:30,000
rolling through ocean swells 
baked fresh bread, every day, 

3273
02:57:30,000 --> 02:57:33,200
every morning, the first class 
corridors would fill with the 

3274
02:57:33,208 --> 02:57:36,900
aroma of Freshly Baked Goods, a 
homely comfort that transformed 

3275
02:57:36,900 --> 02:57:39,800
the ship from a mechanical 
vehicle into a floating 

3276
02:57:39,800 --> 02:57:42,400
residents. 
However, the way first class 

3277
02:57:42,400 --> 02:57:45,200
dining accommodated, special 
dietary requirements and 

3278
02:57:45,200 --> 02:57:50,000
preferences was arguably, its 
most remarkable feature Wealthy 

3279
02:57:50,000 --> 02:57:52,000
passengers. 
Expected their shipboard meals 

3280
02:57:52,000 --> 02:57:54,800
to reflect the increasingly 
complex ideas about nutrition 

3281
02:57:54,800 --> 02:57:58,400
and health that were emerging in
Victorian society for 

3282
02:57:58,400 --> 02:58:00,900
passengers, who were worried 
about their health ships 

3283
02:58:00,900 --> 02:58:04,100
carried, special preparations 
for invalids, kid-friendly 

3284
02:58:04,100 --> 02:58:07,100
meals, and even the earliest 
iterations of what we might. 

3285
02:58:07,100 --> 02:58:10,700
Now know, as spark Cuisine first
class food was presented in a 

3286
02:58:10,700 --> 02:58:13,800
theatrical fashion. 
Which course became a miniature 

3287
02:58:13,800 --> 02:58:15,800
performance. 
The silver covered dishes 

3288
02:58:15,800 --> 02:58:19,000
arrived at tables and was 
simultaneously lifted by white 

3289
02:58:19,000 --> 02:58:21,400
gloved. 
Stewards resulting in dramatic 

3290
02:58:21,400 --> 02:58:25,600
reveals. 
At Sea of passengers were served

3291
02:58:25,600 --> 02:58:27,600
meal after meal with the finest 
China. 

3292
02:58:27,600 --> 02:58:30,600
Crystal and silverware. 
That would have been reserved 

3293
02:58:30,600 --> 02:58:32,500
for the most aristocratic homes 
on land. 

3294
02:58:32,500 --> 02:58:35,900
Protocols in the first class. 
Dining Saloon were a strict as 

3295
02:58:35,900 --> 02:58:39,300
those in the best hotels. 
In London, the social graces 

3296
02:58:39,300 --> 02:58:42,000
that affluent passengers 
expected were taught to Stuarts 

3297
02:58:42,000 --> 02:58:45,200
in addition to Food Service. 
They knew how to clear courses 

3298
02:58:45,200 --> 02:58:48,700
in the right order how to serve 
wine properly and the delicate 

3299
02:58:48,700 --> 02:58:50,700
art of paying attention without 
being obtrusive. 

3300
02:58:51,600 --> 02:58:54,300
Many of these men brought Land 
Based experience to the 

3301
02:58:54,300 --> 02:58:56,400
particular difficulties of 
Maritime service. 

3302
02:58:56,400 --> 02:58:59,600
Having previously, worked in 
upscale homes or restaurants. 

3303
02:58:59,600 --> 02:59:01,500
First class, meals were 
scheduled. 

3304
02:59:01,500 --> 02:59:04,400
According to patterns that 
represented both practical needs

3305
02:59:04,400 --> 02:59:08,100
and social expectations in order
to allow passengers to wake up 

3306
02:59:08,108 --> 02:59:10,800
at their own pace. 
Breakfast, may be served from 8 

3307
02:59:10,800 --> 02:59:13,900
to 10 Light Affair was usually 
served at lunchtime. 

3308
02:59:13,900 --> 02:59:18,600
However dinner ah dinner was the
focal point of the day presented

3309
02:59:18,600 --> 02:59:22,000
with such Grandeur and ceremony 
that it was The Culinary and 

3310
02:59:22,000 --> 02:59:24,800
social high point of life. 
Aboard ship passengers had to 

3311
02:59:24,800 --> 02:59:27,800
pack formal attire for what was 
effectively camping on water 

3312
02:59:27,800 --> 02:59:30,500
because first class dinner 
required evening, dress. 

3313
02:59:31,400 --> 02:59:34,700
Women wore ornate gowns that had
to be made to look elegant while

3314
02:59:34,700 --> 02:59:37,100
taking into account the 
practicalities of life on a 

3315
02:59:37,100 --> 02:59:40,800
moving ship, while men showed up
wearing white tie and Tails, the

3316
02:59:40,800 --> 02:59:42,800
end result was a fashion show 
every night. 

3317
02:59:42,800 --> 02:59:45,600
That was on par with anything. 
You might see at a grand ball of

3318
02:59:45,600 --> 02:59:48,600
the Opera, the sophisticated 
meals could become Applied 

3319
02:59:48,600 --> 02:59:51,600
Physics Adventures, depending on
the weather, even the most 

3320
02:59:51,600 --> 02:59:55,100
meticulously planned service 
could devolve into chaos and the

3321
02:59:55,100 --> 02:59:58,700
shipping countered choppy 
Waters. while novices frequently

3322
02:59:58,700 --> 03:00:01,400
found themselves chasing their 
dinner rolls across the table or

3323
03:00:01,400 --> 03:00:04,800
wearing their suit, Seasonal 
Travelers learned to time their 

3324
03:00:04,800 --> 03:00:08,500
movements to the ship's Rhythm. 
However, even when the laws of 

3325
03:00:08,500 --> 03:00:11,400
gravity were momentarily 
suspended the staff always 

3326
03:00:11,400 --> 03:00:14,000
managed to preserve an air of 
refinement and dignity. 

3327
03:00:14,000 --> 03:00:16,500
The lower levels of the ship 
were a different culinary 

3328
03:00:16,500 --> 03:00:19,900
Universe where the majority of 
passengers immigrants 

3329
03:00:19,900 --> 03:00:23,200
working-class Travelers and 
those seeking their Fortunes in 

3330
03:00:23,200 --> 03:00:25,900
new lands. 
Experienced steamship dining in 

3331
03:00:25,900 --> 03:00:29,900
ways that were both more basic 
and in some ways more authentic 

3332
03:00:29,900 --> 03:00:33,100
to the maritime experience. 
While first class passengers 

3333
03:00:33,100 --> 03:00:36,400
were enjoying turtle soup, and 
Vintage Wines steerage. 

3334
03:00:36,400 --> 03:00:39,300
Passengers had to eat in 
cramped, utilitarian rather than

3335
03:00:39,300 --> 03:00:41,100
aesthetically pleasing 
compartments. 

3336
03:00:41,100 --> 03:00:43,300
That would have made 
contemporary Airline seats 

3337
03:00:43,300 --> 03:00:46,300
appear. 
Roomy, Passengers used pewter 

3338
03:00:46,300 --> 03:00:48,700
utensils, that could survive the
rough treatment of shipboard, 

3339
03:00:48,700 --> 03:00:52,800
Life 8 from metal plate rather 
than China and sat on benches 

3340
03:00:52,800 --> 03:00:56,100
rather than chairs and communal 
dining areas crowded with long, 

3341
03:00:56,100 --> 03:00:58,900
wooden tables. 
However, don't think of this as 

3342
03:00:58,900 --> 03:01:01,800
depressing experience. 
Steerage meals were filling 

3343
03:01:01,800 --> 03:01:04,600
healthy and frequently more 
interesting than what many 

3344
03:01:04,600 --> 03:01:06,300
passengers had experienced back 
home. 

3345
03:01:06,300 --> 03:01:09,600
Good food became one of the few 
consistent Pleasures in their 

3346
03:01:09,600 --> 03:01:13,000
everyday routine and ship Cooks.
Recognized that these Travelers 

3347
03:01:13,000 --> 03:01:15,400
were frequently dealing with 
weeks of uncertainty and 

3348
03:01:15,400 --> 03:01:18,900
discomfort Thick stews, freshly 
baked bread. 

3349
03:01:18,900 --> 03:01:21,900
Hearty meat dishes and 
straightforward desserts. 

3350
03:01:21,900 --> 03:01:24,100
That were both comforting and 
nourishing with a focus. 

3351
03:01:24,100 --> 03:01:27,400
Not Elegance, typically 
steerage, passengers breakfast, 

3352
03:01:27,400 --> 03:01:30,300
consisted of porridge, not the 
fancy oatmeal. 

3353
03:01:30,300 --> 03:01:33,400
You might find in first class 
but substantial filling 

3354
03:01:33,400 --> 03:01:36,200
preparations that could keep 
hardworking people going for 

3355
03:01:36,200 --> 03:01:41,200
extended periods of inactivity. 
Bread butter and occasionally 

3356
03:01:41,200 --> 03:01:44,900
salt pork or bacon was served 
with this coffee or tea offered 

3357
03:01:44,900 --> 03:01:47,200
caffeine, and warmth to 
Essentials. 

3358
03:01:47,200 --> 03:01:50,200
When your quarters may be cold 
and your sleep is regularly 

3359
03:01:50,200 --> 03:01:53,400
disturbed by ship motion. 
Steel lunches were typically 

3360
03:01:53,400 --> 03:01:57,000
thick broths made with barley 
vegetables, and whatever protein

3361
03:01:57,000 --> 03:02:00,800
was on hand In addition to being
nourishing and feeling, these 

3362
03:02:00,800 --> 03:02:04,000
soups could be made in bulk and 
were comparatively simple to 

3363
03:02:04,000 --> 03:02:06,700
serve an inclement weather. 
When maintaining liquids in 

3364
03:02:06,700 --> 03:02:10,300
bowls, became a skill and a 
matter of luck, The majority of 

3365
03:02:10,300 --> 03:02:13,800
meals were accompanied by ship's
biscuits, a hardtack that had 

3366
03:02:13,800 --> 03:02:17,000
been refined over centuries of 
seafaring and provided 

3367
03:02:17,000 --> 03:02:19,500
carbohydrates that could 
withstand any conditions. 

3368
03:02:19,500 --> 03:02:22,600
The ocean might present the 
substantial meal of the day for 

3369
03:02:22,600 --> 03:02:25,800
ordinary passengers was dinner, 
which frequently consisted of 

3370
03:02:25,800 --> 03:02:28,400
salt, pork or beef, variously 
prepared. 

3371
03:02:28,400 --> 03:02:31,800
Potatoes, cabbage or other 
preserved, vegetables, and 

3372
03:02:31,800 --> 03:02:34,500
occasionally fresh fish that the
ship's crew had caught while at 

3373
03:02:34,500 --> 03:02:36,800
sea. 
Passengers from various 

3374
03:02:36,800 --> 03:02:39,900
backgrounds gathered around 
tables, exchange stories and 

3375
03:02:39,900 --> 03:02:42,900
developed the odd bond that 
arises when people share a 

3376
03:02:42,900 --> 03:02:44,900
remarkable experience, during 
these communal meals. 

3377
03:02:44,900 --> 03:02:48,300
In actuality serving first-class
diners, was easier than the 

3378
03:02:48,300 --> 03:02:51,600
logistics of feeding steerage. 
Passengers steerage. 

3379
03:02:51,600 --> 03:02:54,500
Could accommodate hundreds of 
people, all of whom needed to be

3380
03:02:54,500 --> 03:02:57,600
fed effectively and affordably. 
Well, wealthy passengers might 

3381
03:02:57,600 --> 03:03:00,900
number in the dozens, passengers
rotated, through the dining 

3382
03:03:00,900 --> 03:03:03,400
areas and groups that could fit 
the seating and serving 

3383
03:03:03,400 --> 03:03:06,100
Personnel available. 
The meals were served in shifts 

3384
03:03:06,100 --> 03:03:09,100
in steerage, water was a 
valuable resource, that was 

3385
03:03:09,100 --> 03:03:10,800
mostly utilized for cooking and 
drinking. 

3386
03:03:10,800 --> 03:03:13,900
Instead of the ornate table 
setting that were typical of 

3387
03:03:13,900 --> 03:03:17,200
first class In order to make 
room for the next group of 

3388
03:03:17,200 --> 03:03:20,300
diners passengers, learned how 
to eat efficiently in clean, 

3389
03:03:20,300 --> 03:03:23,400
their utensils quickly. 
In contrast to the formal 

3390
03:03:23,400 --> 03:03:26,100
service upstairs, this 
established a communal dining 

3391
03:03:26,100 --> 03:03:29,300
room that was more personal and 
Democratic many steerage 

3392
03:03:29,300 --> 03:03:32,500
passengers brought extra foods. 
Such as nuts dried, fruits, 

3393
03:03:32,500 --> 03:03:36,200
preserved, meats and other 
non-perishables to add variety 

3394
03:03:36,200 --> 03:03:40,100
to the ship's regular meals. 
The international nature of 

3395
03:03:40,100 --> 03:03:43,000
steamship travel was reflected 
in the informal networks of 

3396
03:03:43,000 --> 03:03:45,900
culinary exchange that were 
formed when traveling companions

3397
03:03:45,900 --> 03:03:48,400
or new acquaintances shared 
these personal Provisions. 

3398
03:03:48,400 --> 03:03:51,300
Steerage, passengers had 
limited, but adequate cooking 

3399
03:03:51,300 --> 03:03:53,900
facilities. 
Some ships gave passengers 

3400
03:03:53,900 --> 03:03:57,100
access to basically, he's where 
they could reheat food, they had

3401
03:03:57,100 --> 03:03:58,600
brought with them, or make hot 
beverages. 

3402
03:03:59,600 --> 03:04:02,800
These communal kitchens 
developed into social hubs where

3403
03:04:02,800 --> 03:04:06,300
people could exchange recipes, 
practice cooking and create 

3404
03:04:06,300 --> 03:04:08,700
improvised Fusion Cuisine by 
combining. 

3405
03:04:08,700 --> 03:04:11,700
The Culinary traditions of 
various cultures special 

3406
03:04:11,700 --> 03:04:14,500
attention was given to the 
feeding of children in steerage.

3407
03:04:14,500 --> 03:04:17,700
The ship's Cooks were aware that
young passengers had different 

3408
03:04:17,700 --> 03:04:20,700
nutritional needs and were more 
prone to travel related 

3409
03:04:20,700 --> 03:04:23,200
illnesses. 
Like seasickness treats like 

3410
03:04:23,200 --> 03:04:26,000
sugar, cookies or fruit. 
Preserves offered solids to 

3411
03:04:26,000 --> 03:04:28,400
homesick children. 
Who face an uncertain future and

3412
03:04:28,400 --> 03:04:30,900
foreign Nations. 
While simple Bland Foods were 

3413
03:04:30,900 --> 03:04:34,100
available for those with 
sensitive stomachs in steerage, 

3414
03:04:34,100 --> 03:04:38,000
the serving crew hone their own 
unique abilities In contrast to 

3415
03:04:38,000 --> 03:04:40,900
First Class formal Stuarts, 
these employees had to be 

3416
03:04:40,900 --> 03:04:45,300
aimable productive and able to 
oversee sizeable dining parties 

3417
03:04:45,300 --> 03:04:49,200
in confined spaces by mediating 
between passengers who spoke 

3418
03:04:49,200 --> 03:04:52,300
different languages. 
Resolving small arguments over 

3419
03:04:52,300 --> 03:04:55,500
seating and upholding order in 
areas where tension and 

3420
03:04:55,500 --> 03:04:58,100
uncertainty could quickly 
degenerate into conflict. 

3421
03:04:58,100 --> 03:05:01,400
They turned into amateur 
diplomats steerage. 

3422
03:05:01,400 --> 03:05:04,100
Dining was more significantly 
impacted by weather than first 

3423
03:05:04,100 --> 03:05:06,800
class service. 
Passengers would have to settle 

3424
03:05:06,800 --> 03:05:10,000
for cold food bread and whatever
could be distributed without 

3425
03:05:10,000 --> 03:05:12,900
running the risk of getting hurt
by flying plates or schooling 

3426
03:05:12,900 --> 03:05:15,300
liquids. 
When the Seas were rough as it 

3427
03:05:15,300 --> 03:05:17,400
might be impossible to serve, 
hot meals safely. 

3428
03:05:18,800 --> 03:05:22,000
Not only for Comfort but also as
a practical measure to help 

3429
03:05:22,000 --> 03:05:24,800
passengers deal with the 
physical challenges of severe 

3430
03:05:24,800 --> 03:05:26,600
weather. 
The crew would frequently 

3431
03:05:26,600 --> 03:05:29,400
distribute extra rations of 
spirits during these times. 

3432
03:05:29,400 --> 03:05:32,300
Many steerage passengers had 
pleasant memories of their 

3433
03:05:32,300 --> 03:05:35,400
shipboard meals, despite the 
simpler, fare and more basic 

3434
03:05:35,400 --> 03:05:39,000
accommodations eating together 
in that floating community and 

3435
03:05:39,000 --> 03:05:42,000
sharing food, while traveling 
across the ocean to start over 

3436
03:05:42,000 --> 03:05:44,000
with something. 
That forged lifelong friendships

3437
03:05:44,000 --> 03:05:46,600
and memories. 
Even though the meals were 

3438
03:05:46,600 --> 03:05:49,700
straightforward, they were 
infused with optimism excitement

3439
03:05:49,700 --> 03:05:53,400
and the unique taste that comes 
from eating as one Journeys 

3440
03:05:53,400 --> 03:05:56,900
toward an unknowable future. 
The true Center of Maritime 

3441
03:05:56,900 --> 03:06:00,600
dining was located deep within a
steamships belly beneath the 

3442
03:06:00,600 --> 03:06:03,600
crowded steerage compartments 
and elegant dining saloon's. 

3443
03:06:03,600 --> 03:06:06,700
The ship's kitchens or galleys 
as they were officially known 

3444
03:06:06,700 --> 03:06:10,000
combining, the functionality of 
a professional restaurant 

3445
03:06:10,000 --> 03:06:12,800
kitchen with the space 
limitations of a submarine, and 

3446
03:06:12,800 --> 03:06:15,400
the additional difficulty of 
functioning while continuously 

3447
03:06:15,400 --> 03:06:19,000
moving these areas were marvels 
of compact efficiently. 

3448
03:06:19,000 --> 03:06:21,900
Imagine a kitchen that is about 
the size of a contemporary 

3449
03:06:21,900 --> 03:06:27,000
studio apartment and is set up 
to serve, 200 to 2000 people 3 

3450
03:06:27,000 --> 03:06:31,200
meals a day for weeks at a time.
Every square inch was utilized 

3451
03:06:31,200 --> 03:06:35,200
with storage compartments built 
into walls cooking surfaces that

3452
03:06:35,200 --> 03:06:38,200
could be secured during rough 
weather and ingenious systems 

3453
03:06:38,200 --> 03:06:41,000
for managing everything from 
fresh water to food waste. 

3454
03:06:41,700 --> 03:06:43,800
It was similar to watching 
someone create a restaurant 

3455
03:06:43,800 --> 03:06:46,600
inside a running, washing 
machine, on a large steamship, 

3456
03:06:46,600 --> 03:06:48,100
the head. 
Chef was a highly respected 

3457
03:06:48,100 --> 03:06:52,200
individual, who was respected 
by, both crew and passengers, an

3458
03:06:52,200 --> 03:06:56,200
expert in food, preservation 
nutrition psychology and the odd

3459
03:06:56,200 --> 03:06:58,400
physics of cooking in a 
constantly changing environment.

3460
03:06:58,400 --> 03:07:01,400
This person was more than just a
skilled chef. 

3461
03:07:02,200 --> 03:07:04,300
In order to address the 
particular difficulties of 

3462
03:07:04,300 --> 03:07:08,200
dining at Sea, many head chefs 
on the great steamships were 

3463
03:07:08,200 --> 03:07:10,900
hired from the best restaurants 
in London Paris or New York. 

3464
03:07:10,900 --> 03:07:14,100
These galleys cooking 
apparatuses were the Pinnacle of

3465
03:07:14,100 --> 03:07:17,400
19th century technology. 
To avoid carbon monoxide 

3466
03:07:17,400 --> 03:07:20,300
poisoning Coal. 
Fired Rangers had to be built 

3467
03:07:20,300 --> 03:07:23,100
with efficient combustion and 
adequate ventilation. 

3468
03:07:24,000 --> 03:07:27,100
Despite the ship's motion ovens 
had to keep their temperatures 

3469
03:07:27,100 --> 03:07:30,800
constant to keep prepared foods.
Warm, without overcooking them 

3470
03:07:30,800 --> 03:07:33,400
steam tables made use of the 
ship's power plant. 

3471
03:07:33,400 --> 03:07:37,400
Everything was designed to be 
safe workable and able to 

3472
03:07:37,400 --> 03:07:39,200
produce a lot of food in 
conditions. 

3473
03:07:39,200 --> 03:07:41,600
That would be difficult for even
the most seasoned chefs to 

3474
03:07:41,600 --> 03:07:44,500
handle on steamships. 
Storing food was like playing 

3475
03:07:44,500 --> 03:07:48,200
three-dimensional chess. 
Compartments that maximized air 

3476
03:07:48,200 --> 03:07:50,000
circulation and minimized 
temperature. 

3477
03:07:50,000 --> 03:07:54,000
Fluctuations, were used to store
fresh Provisions, meets that had

3478
03:07:54,000 --> 03:07:56,100
been salt. 
Preserved, were hung in special 

3479
03:07:56,100 --> 03:07:58,500
areas that allowed for adequate 
ventilation without 

3480
03:07:58,500 --> 03:08:01,800
contaminating them. 
Containers used to store dry 

3481
03:08:01,800 --> 03:08:04,400
goods were made to withstand 
ship motion, while shielding 

3482
03:08:04,400 --> 03:08:06,600
their contents from moisture and
rodents. 

3483
03:08:07,200 --> 03:08:10,200
In order to create floating 
Farms that supplied fresh meat 

3484
03:08:10,200 --> 03:08:12,200
and eggs. 
Throughout the journey, some 

3485
03:08:12,200 --> 03:08:15,500
ships even carried live poultry 
and small livestock because 

3486
03:08:15,500 --> 03:08:18,100
feeding hundreds of people 
required constant preparation, 

3487
03:08:18,100 --> 03:08:21,100
the Food Service crew worked in 
shifts around the clock. 

3488
03:08:21,100 --> 03:08:23,800
While the majority of passengers
were still asleep. 

3489
03:08:23,800 --> 03:08:27,000
Bakers started working Before 
Dawn making the bread for the 

3490
03:08:27,000 --> 03:08:29,300
day. 
In order to prepare elaborate 

3491
03:08:29,300 --> 03:08:31,700
meals prep Cooks, had to spend 
hours chopping vegetables, 

3492
03:08:31,700 --> 03:08:35,000
making stocks and doing the 
innumerable little chores. 

3493
03:08:35,000 --> 03:08:39,200
Despite the ship's continuous 
motion, The Galley is a whole 

3494
03:08:39,200 --> 03:08:42,900
transformed into a choreographed
dance of cooks servers and 

3495
03:08:42,900 --> 03:08:45,300
kitchen assistance, cooperating,
during meal service. 

3496
03:08:45,300 --> 03:08:48,200
There were particular 
difficulties in managing fresh 

3497
03:08:48,200 --> 03:08:51,000
water for cooking. 
Large amounts of fresh water 

3498
03:08:51,000 --> 03:08:54,500
were transported by steamships 
for cooking and drinking each 

3499
03:08:54,500 --> 03:08:57,200
gallon needed to be carefully, 
rationed and used effectively. 

3500
03:08:58,300 --> 03:09:01,100
Systems for cleaning utensils 
and dishes, had to reduce water 

3501
03:09:01,100 --> 03:09:03,800
waste, while upholding the 
hygienic requirements needed to 

3502
03:09:03,800 --> 03:09:05,900
keep people healthy in a ship's,
cramped quarters. 

3503
03:09:06,900 --> 03:09:09,300
To make the most of their 
valuable freshwater resources. 

3504
03:09:09,300 --> 03:09:12,500
Some ships first cleaned with 
sea water and then rinsed with 

3505
03:09:12,508 --> 03:09:16,100
fresh water steamship galleys 
Waste Management Systems where 

3506
03:09:16,100 --> 03:09:19,300
engineering Marvels Food scraps 
needed to be disposed of 

3507
03:09:19,300 --> 03:09:22,000
properly to avoid attracting 
rodents or causing sanitary 

3508
03:09:22,000 --> 03:09:26,100
issues to avoid contaminating, 
the ship's water supply, grease,

3509
03:09:26,100 --> 03:09:28,100
and cooking oils needed to be 
handled carefully. 

3510
03:09:29,000 --> 03:09:31,200
Anything that could not be 
recycled or used. 

3511
03:09:31,200 --> 03:09:34,300
Again was either disposed of 
Overboard in ways, that would 

3512
03:09:34,300 --> 03:09:37,200
not interfere with the ship's 
ability to operate or fed to 

3513
03:09:37,200 --> 03:09:39,400
livestock. 
That was transported on board. 

3514
03:09:39,400 --> 03:09:42,100
Controlling the galleys 
temperature was a never-ending 

3515
03:09:42,100 --> 03:09:45,800
struggle, these areas which were
deep inside the ship with little

3516
03:09:45,800 --> 03:09:49,100
ventilation produced massive 
amounts of heat from Steam 

3517
03:09:49,100 --> 03:09:52,500
systems and cooking fires. 
Working in conditions that would

3518
03:09:52,500 --> 03:09:55,100
make a contemporary restaurant. 
Kitchen, seem refreshingly, 

3519
03:09:55,100 --> 03:09:58,000
cool, Cook's perspired in 
temperature that could reach 

3520
03:09:58,000 --> 03:10:01,500
over 100 degrees Fahrenheit. 
Even in moderate weather while 

3521
03:10:01,500 --> 03:10:03,600
donning, bulky, clothing to 
prevent Burns. 

3522
03:10:03,600 --> 03:10:06,700
Steamship galleys, social 
structure, was a reflection of 

3523
03:10:06,700 --> 03:10:09,100
both practical necessity and 
Maritime tradition. 

3524
03:10:10,000 --> 03:10:13,200
The authority of a ship's 
officer the head, chef oversaw, 

3525
03:10:13,200 --> 03:10:16,900
the kitchen making choices about
menus, the use of ingredients 

3526
03:10:16,900 --> 03:10:19,900
and meal timing that had an 
impact on the entire Journey. 

3527
03:10:19,900 --> 03:10:23,800
One sous chef might specialize 
in roasted Meats, another, in 

3528
03:10:23,800 --> 03:10:27,100
soups, and stews, and a third in
the intricate desserts that are 

3529
03:10:27,100 --> 03:10:30,300
expected in first class service 
systems that could work. 

3530
03:10:30,300 --> 03:10:32,900
In spite of the ship's noise and
the separation between the 

3531
03:10:32,900 --> 03:10:36,200
cooking and serving areas were 
needed for communication between

3532
03:10:36,200 --> 03:10:39,700
the galley and dining areas. 
The intricate Logistics of 

3533
03:10:39,700 --> 03:10:41,900
delivering hot food from the 
kitchen to the table. 

3534
03:10:41,900 --> 03:10:45,200
While upholding the passenger 
expected presentation standards 

3535
03:10:45,200 --> 03:10:48,800
were managed by hand signals, 
written notes and Timing 

3536
03:10:48,800 --> 03:10:51,700
Systems. 
This communication was even more

3537
03:10:51,700 --> 03:10:54,800
important during inclement 
weather because safety concerns 

3538
03:10:54,800 --> 03:10:58,700
impacted all facets of food 
service in steamship galleys. 

3539
03:10:58,700 --> 03:11:02,500
The night shift, had a distinct 
personality Skeletal Crews, kept

3540
03:11:02,500 --> 03:11:05,700
the constant watchfulness needed
to safely manage coal fires 

3541
03:11:05,700 --> 03:11:08,100
throughout the night. 
Prepared the meals for the 

3542
03:11:08,100 --> 03:11:10,800
following day and attended to 
slow cooking dishes. 

3543
03:11:10,800 --> 03:11:11,900
That would be ready for 
breakfast. 

3544
03:11:11,900 --> 03:11:15,500
While passengers, slept most 
intricate food, preparation 

3545
03:11:15,500 --> 03:11:18,800
frequently, took place during 
these quiet hours, including 

3546
03:11:18,800 --> 03:11:22,500
elaborate stocks that needed to 
simmer for hours, bread doughs. 

3547
03:11:22,500 --> 03:11:25,500
That needed to rise for a long 
time and deserts that needed to 

3548
03:11:25,500 --> 03:11:28,200
set overnight steamship Galley 
menu planning. 

3549
03:11:28,200 --> 03:11:31,100
Struck a balance between 
passenger, expectations and real

3550
03:11:31,100 --> 03:11:34,000
world constraints. 
Using ingredients, that could 

3551
03:11:34,000 --> 03:11:37,700
withstand weeks at Sea efficient
rather than adaptable cooking 

3552
03:11:37,700 --> 03:11:40,800
equipment and storage systems. 
That prevented the last minute 

3553
03:11:40,800 --> 03:11:43,800
shopping that defined land-based
restaurants, chefs had to 

3554
03:11:43,800 --> 03:11:45,700
produce a variety of intriguing 
meals. 

3555
03:11:45,700 --> 03:11:49,400
This restriction frequently 
resulted in Creative pairings 

3556
03:11:49,400 --> 03:11:51,900
and methods that impacted 
culinary advancements. 

3557
03:11:51,900 --> 03:11:55,100
Well beyond the maritime realm 
steamship Galley crew members, 

3558
03:11:55,100 --> 03:11:57,700
acquired skills, that made them 
employable long, after their 

3559
03:11:57,700 --> 03:12:00,700
time, at Sea was over. 
They knew how to produce food on

3560
03:12:00,700 --> 03:12:02,800
a large scale. 
Managed resources, effectively, 

3561
03:12:02,800 --> 03:12:06,400
and collaborate under pressure. 
Many went on to become 

3562
03:12:06,400 --> 03:12:09,900
prosperous hotels, chefs Food, 
Service managers, or rest 

3563
03:12:09,900 --> 03:12:12,900
returns, bringing Maritime 
efficiency to hospitality 

3564
03:12:12,900 --> 03:12:16,400
Enterprise on land steamship 
companies realized that special 

3565
03:12:16,400 --> 03:12:19,300
occasions could turn a simple 
journey into a lifelong memory, 

3566
03:12:19,300 --> 03:12:22,500
and there's something magical 
about celebrating while 

3567
03:12:22,500 --> 03:12:24,700
surrounded by the vast emptiness
of the ocean. 

3568
03:12:26,200 --> 03:12:29,400
These ships became floating 
stages for celebrations, that 

3569
03:12:29,400 --> 03:12:33,100
Blended Maritime tradition with 
the unique intimacy that arises 

3570
03:12:33,100 --> 03:12:35,600
among Travelers, sharing an 
extraordinary experience, 

3571
03:12:35,600 --> 03:12:39,000
whether it was a passenger's, 
birthday Christmas day in the 

3572
03:12:39,008 --> 03:12:42,000
middle of the Atlantic, or the 
customary ceremony of crossing 

3573
03:12:42,000 --> 03:12:45,400
the Equator on a steamship 
Christmas took months of 

3574
03:12:45,400 --> 03:12:47,200
preparation and a great deal of 
imagination. 

3575
03:12:47,200 --> 03:12:51,300
Imagine trying to create a 
traditional holiday feast when 

3576
03:12:51,300 --> 03:12:54,100
your ingredients had to be 
selected and preserved weeks 

3577
03:12:54,100 --> 03:12:57,300
before departure, your dining 
room was constantly in motion 

3578
03:12:57,300 --> 03:13:00,300
and your guests included people 
from dozens of different 

3579
03:13:00,300 --> 03:13:02,500
countries with their own holiday
traditions. 

3580
03:13:03,400 --> 03:13:06,600
In response to this challenge, 
the ship's developed 

3581
03:13:06,600 --> 03:13:09,500
innovations, that would shape 
holiday dining for many years to

3582
03:13:09,500 --> 03:13:13,200
come in. 1875 the RMS, 
britannia's Christmas menu, 

3583
03:13:13,200 --> 03:13:16,100
sounded like a celebration of 
preservation methods must go 

3584
03:13:16,100 --> 03:13:19,300
raiding, as festive. 
Plenty mints pies made with 

3585
03:13:19,300 --> 03:13:22,500
fruits candy and preserved using
methods that stretch the limits 

3586
03:13:22,500 --> 03:13:25,800
of Victorian food, science Plum,
puddings that had been maturing 

3587
03:13:25,800 --> 03:13:29,200
in the ship stores since before 
departure and roast Goose that 

3588
03:13:29,200 --> 03:13:31,600
had been specially prepared and 
packed for the journey. 

3589
03:13:32,800 --> 03:13:35,300
The end product was a dish that 
represented outstanding 

3590
03:13:35,300 --> 03:13:37,700
accomplishments in Maritime 
Logistics and tasted 

3591
03:13:37,700 --> 03:13:40,600
traditionally familiar, modern 
party planners would be 

3592
03:13:40,600 --> 03:13:43,200
impressed by the inventiveness 
needed to decorate for Christmas

3593
03:13:43,200 --> 03:13:46,100
on a steamship. 
Since it was impossible to get 

3594
03:13:46,100 --> 03:13:49,400
fresh Greenery, decorations, had
to be made of materials that 

3595
03:13:49,400 --> 03:13:53,100
wouldn't Wilt or deteriorate 
after weeks at Sea, despite 

3596
03:13:53,100 --> 03:13:55,600
being surrounded by thousands of
miles of frigid. 

3597
03:13:55,600 --> 03:13:59,100
Ocean sterile dining, saloons 
were transformed into festive 

3598
03:13:59,100 --> 03:14:02,700
spaces with paper flowers, 
fabric Bunting and creative 

3599
03:14:02,700 --> 03:14:04,800
arrangements made from the 
ship's own materials. 

3600
03:14:04,800 --> 03:14:07,700
Steamship New Year's Eve 
festivities develop their own 

3601
03:14:07,700 --> 03:14:11,100
distinctive customs. 
Because midnight is arbitrary 

3602
03:14:11,100 --> 03:14:12,900
when traveling across time zones
at Sea. 

3603
03:14:12,900 --> 03:14:15,800
People have come up with 
inventive ways to determine the 

3604
03:14:15,800 --> 03:14:19,400
exact start of the new year. 
While some ships, observe the 

3605
03:14:19,408 --> 03:14:22,000
New Year in accordance, with the
time zone of their departure 

3606
03:14:22,000 --> 03:14:24,600
Port. 
Others, celebrated several times

3607
03:14:24,600 --> 03:14:27,700
as they traveled across 
different meridians as a result 

3608
03:14:27,708 --> 03:14:30,300
passengers would frequently 
celebrate for hours on end 

3609
03:14:30,300 --> 03:14:32,300
sipping. 
Champagne that somehow managed 

3610
03:14:32,300 --> 03:14:35,000
to stay perfectly chilled in 
spite of the lack of modern 

3611
03:14:35,000 --> 03:14:38,500
refrigeration birthdays wedding 
anniversaries and other private 

3612
03:14:38,500 --> 03:14:42,200
festivities gained particular. 
Meaning on steamships individual

3613
03:14:42,200 --> 03:14:45,100
celebrations became shared 
experiences for all passengers 

3614
03:14:45,100 --> 03:14:48,700
due to the limited entertainment
options and the close-knit 

3615
03:14:48,700 --> 03:14:50,400
community. 
That formed during lengthy 

3616
03:14:50,400 --> 03:14:54,000
voyages, the ship's Bakers 
became skilled at making unique 

3617
03:14:54,000 --> 03:14:57,500
cakes and desserts using few 
ingredients and other Travelers 

3618
03:14:57,500 --> 03:15:00,100
helped with the entertainment 
and decorations, that turn these

3619
03:15:00,100 --> 03:15:03,200
private milestones in to group 
festivities crossing. 

3620
03:15:03,200 --> 03:15:06,300
The Equator is a tradition that 
has its own culinary traditions.

3621
03:15:07,000 --> 03:15:09,300
The celebration of King 
Neptune's Feast combined 

3622
03:15:09,300 --> 03:15:12,800
long-standing Maritime customs 
with the pragmatic requirement 

3623
03:15:12,800 --> 03:15:15,400
to Signal. 
The halfway point of protracted 

3624
03:15:15,400 --> 03:15:17,900
voyages to Asia Africa or South 
America. 

3625
03:15:18,900 --> 03:15:22,200
The majority of passengers found
these meals to be exotic with 

3626
03:15:22,200 --> 03:15:24,000
dishes. 
That reflected the international

3627
03:15:24,000 --> 03:15:27,800
character of steamship travel 
fish, caught by the ship's crew 

3628
03:15:27,800 --> 03:15:31,400
and tropical fruits obtained 
during recent portals, when 

3629
03:15:31,400 --> 03:15:34,200
travelers from various nations 
were celebrating on the same 

3630
03:15:34,200 --> 03:15:38,000
ship during national holidays. 
It created intriguing problems. 

3631
03:15:38,700 --> 03:15:41,400
While British passengers 
expected the Queen's birthday to

3632
03:15:41,400 --> 03:15:44,700
be properly, recognized American
passengers, might want to 

3633
03:15:44,700 --> 03:15:48,600
observe the Fourth of July. 
Diplomatic meals, that respected

3634
03:15:48,600 --> 03:15:50,200
various Customs without 
favouring. 

3635
03:15:50,200 --> 03:15:53,800
Anyone nationality taught ships 
officers how to handle these 

3636
03:15:53,800 --> 03:15:57,400
potentially delicate situations.
One of the most, eagerly awaited

3637
03:15:57,400 --> 03:16:00,800
aspects of any steamship Journey
was the farewell dinner, which 

3638
03:16:00,800 --> 03:16:03,000
was served the final night 
before arriving at the 

3639
03:16:03,000 --> 03:16:06,300
destination port. 
In order to create memorable, 

3640
03:16:06,300 --> 03:16:08,900
fair for passengers who had 
become temporary communities. 

3641
03:16:08,900 --> 03:16:11,900
During their time at Sea, the 
crew had the chance to 

3642
03:16:11,900 --> 03:16:15,100
demonstrate their best abilities
by using up perishable 

3643
03:16:15,100 --> 03:16:17,400
ingredients, that wouldn't 
survive to the next voyage. 

3644
03:16:18,400 --> 03:16:21,300
These meals frequently included 
fair that had been unattainable 

3645
03:16:21,300 --> 03:16:23,500
early in the journey. 
New Goods. 

3646
03:16:23,500 --> 03:16:26,900
Brought in at recent portals 
complex dishes, that could only 

3647
03:16:26,900 --> 03:16:29,600
be tried when the galley didn't 
have to budget for more days at 

3648
03:16:29,600 --> 03:16:31,100
Sea. 
Although, it may sound 

3649
03:16:31,100 --> 03:16:35,000
contradictory seasoned steamship
passengers, created Customs for 

3650
03:16:35,000 --> 03:16:38,200
commemorating the survival of 
exceptionally harsh weather. 

3651
03:16:39,200 --> 03:16:41,300
Passengers and crew would 
assemble for meals that 

3652
03:16:41,300 --> 03:16:43,500
commemorated. 
Their common experience of 

3653
03:16:43,500 --> 03:16:47,200
confronting Nature's might and 
escaping safely once the threat 

3654
03:16:47,200 --> 03:16:49,500
had passed and the ship had 
returned to Karma Waters. 

3655
03:16:50,900 --> 03:16:53,600
These were frequently, 
straightforward events, hot 

3656
03:16:53,600 --> 03:16:57,100
soup, freshly baked bread and 
anything else that could be made

3657
03:16:57,100 --> 03:17:00,000
fast, but They Carried. 
Emotional significance. 

3658
03:17:00,000 --> 03:17:03,200
That went well beyond their 
culinary complexity steamships 

3659
03:17:03,200 --> 03:17:05,500
had to be considerate of the 
various religious beliefs of 

3660
03:17:05,500 --> 03:17:08,100
their International passengers. 
When it came to religious 

3661
03:17:08,100 --> 03:17:11,900
observances, the ship's chefs 
developed the ability to create 

3662
03:17:11,900 --> 03:17:14,500
festive settings. 
That could accommodate diverse 

3663
03:17:14,500 --> 03:17:17,000
worship, Customs, while 
preparing meals, that respected,

3664
03:17:17,000 --> 03:17:20,400
a range of dietary restrictions.
The intricate cultural 

3665
03:17:20,400 --> 03:17:22,900
navigation needed on board. 
These floating communities 

3666
03:17:22,900 --> 03:17:27,100
included Friday, fish dinners 
for Catholic passengers, special

3667
03:17:27,100 --> 03:17:29,800
preparations for Jewish 
Travelers at hearing to kosher 

3668
03:17:29,800 --> 03:17:32,300
dietary laws. 
And acknowledgment, of Eastern 

3669
03:17:32,300 --> 03:17:35,900
Orthodox fasting periods on 
steamships, crew, and fellow 

3670
03:17:35,900 --> 03:17:38,300
passengers paid particular 
attention to the birthday 

3671
03:17:38,300 --> 03:17:41,600
celebration of children. 
These young passengers, who 

3672
03:17:41,600 --> 03:17:43,300
frequently left home with their 
families. 

3673
03:17:43,300 --> 03:17:46,600
In search of Uncertain, Futures 
were surrounded by a transient 

3674
03:17:46,600 --> 03:17:49,400
extended family of fellow 
Travelers, who helped to make 

3675
03:17:49,400 --> 03:17:53,100
them memorable special days. 
Ship Bakers developed to skill 

3676
03:17:53,100 --> 03:17:56,200
for making easy at, delicious 
treats, that could cheer up 

3677
03:17:56,200 --> 03:17:59,000
homesick kids, who are 
struggling with life at Sea on 

3678
03:17:59,000 --> 03:18:02,200
steamships, the entertainment 
that went with special occasion,

3679
03:18:02,200 --> 03:18:04,800
meals represented the potential 
and constraints of Life on 

3680
03:18:04,800 --> 03:18:08,500
board. in order to turn dining 
saloons into make shift, 

3681
03:18:08,500 --> 03:18:11,600
theaters passengers stage, their
own musical performances, 

3682
03:18:11,600 --> 03:18:17,300
recited poetry told stories and 
invented diversions These areas 

3683
03:18:17,300 --> 03:18:20,200
Acoustics which were largely 
intended for conversation during

3684
03:18:20,200 --> 03:18:23,100
meals frequently. 
Produced surprisingly small 

3685
03:18:23,100 --> 03:18:26,200
performance spaces where 
unprofessional performers could 

3686
03:18:26,200 --> 03:18:29,500
showcase their skills to 
Grateful audiences celebrations 

3687
03:18:29,500 --> 03:18:32,300
at ports, celebrated the 
successful completion of ocean 

3688
03:18:32,300 --> 03:18:35,200
Crossings and gave Travelers a 
chance to talk about their 

3689
03:18:35,200 --> 03:18:38,000
experiences with newcomers 
getting ready for their own 

3690
03:18:38,000 --> 03:18:40,900
Journeys. 
Major port cities like Liverpool

3691
03:18:40,900 --> 03:18:43,800
New York and Hamburg were 
transformed into stages for 

3692
03:18:43,800 --> 03:18:46,900
continuous Maritime festivals 
where the conclusion of one 

3693
03:18:46,900 --> 03:18:50,200
Voyage served as the impetus for
the next thanks to these 

3694
03:18:50,200 --> 03:18:53,700
transitions which produced an 
endless cycle of Celebration and

3695
03:18:53,700 --> 03:18:56,200
expectation. 
It's worthwhile to think about 

3696
03:18:56,200 --> 03:18:58,300
how those early steamships, not 
only revolutionized 

3697
03:18:58,300 --> 03:19:01,500
Transportation but also 
profoundly changed how people 

3698
03:19:01,500 --> 03:19:05,300
relate to food dining and the 
idea of eating while traveling, 

3699
03:19:05,300 --> 03:19:08,300
as you, curl up with your 
blanket and maybe take one last 

3700
03:19:08,300 --> 03:19:11,800
sip of tea, the necessity of 
feeding, hundreds of people in 

3701
03:19:11,800 --> 03:19:14,700
floating metal boxes, led to 
innovations that would 

3702
03:19:14,700 --> 03:19:17,800
eventually impact everything 
from Airline meals to 

3703
03:19:17,800 --> 03:19:20,900
contemporary cruise ships from 
restaurants service procedures 

3704
03:19:20,900 --> 03:19:23,900
to food preservation methods. 
The idea that meals on 

3705
03:19:23,900 --> 03:19:27,100
steamships could be more than 
just a means of subsistence was 

3706
03:19:27,100 --> 03:19:29,700
the most direct Legacy of 
steamship dining. 

3707
03:19:30,500 --> 03:19:33,300
Eating while traveling was a 
survival strategy prior to the 

3708
03:19:33,300 --> 03:19:36,300
great steamships. 
You packed what you could hoped 

3709
03:19:36,300 --> 03:19:39,000
it wouldn't spoil and accepted, 
that meals would be basic 

3710
03:19:39,000 --> 03:19:40,800
repetitive and frequently 
unpleasant. 

3711
03:19:41,700 --> 03:19:44,200
The groundbreaking notion that 
eating could be one of the joys 

3712
03:19:44,200 --> 03:19:47,200
of travel rather than one of its
challenges was made possible by 

3713
03:19:47,200 --> 03:19:50,200
steamships this changed laid, 
the groundwork for the modern 

3714
03:19:50,200 --> 03:19:53,700
field of hospitality management 
companies, that operated 

3715
03:19:53,700 --> 03:19:56,500
steamships were among the first 
to realize that the customer 

3716
03:19:56,500 --> 03:20:00,400
experience, encompassed, all 
facets of service from the time 

3717
03:20:00,400 --> 03:20:03,000
passengers boarded until they 
arrived at their destination. 

3718
03:20:04,100 --> 03:20:07,100
Hotel dining rooms restaurant 
service standards, the 

3719
03:20:07,100 --> 03:20:10,100
burgeoning tourism industry that
would thrive in the late. 19th, 

3720
03:20:10,100 --> 03:20:13,500
and early 20th centuries were 
all impacted by the complex, 

3721
03:20:13,500 --> 03:20:15,200
dining protocols established 
aboard. 

3722
03:20:15,200 --> 03:20:18,500
These ships, the uses of food 
preservation methods developed 

3723
03:20:18,500 --> 03:20:21,200
on steamships extended. 
Well, beyond dining on board. 

3724
03:20:22,200 --> 03:20:24,800
In order to transport produce 
over longer distances and 

3725
03:20:24,800 --> 03:20:27,600
prolonged growing Seasons By 
shipping foods from different 

3726
03:20:27,600 --> 03:20:30,400
climate zones. 
Technique's for storing fresh 

3727
03:20:30,400 --> 03:20:33,700
fruits, and vegetables during 
the ocean Crossings had an 

3728
03:20:33,700 --> 03:20:35,900
impact on agricultural 
Distribution Systems. 

3729
03:20:36,700 --> 03:20:39,800
The globalization of food that 
defines contemporary Cuisine was

3730
03:20:39,800 --> 03:20:43,500
facilitated by these inventions,
the schedule and format of meals

3731
03:20:43,500 --> 03:20:45,800
on steamships. 
Created trends that affected 

3732
03:20:45,800 --> 03:20:48,400
dining habits in newly popular 
tourist locations. 

3733
03:20:49,100 --> 03:20:52,800
Early Airlines resort hotels and
railroad dining cars. 

3734
03:20:52,800 --> 03:20:55,300
All adopted aspects of steamship
meal service. 

3735
03:20:55,300 --> 03:20:58,600
Resulting in standardized 
methods for effectively serving 

3736
03:20:58,600 --> 03:21:01,800
large numbers of passengers 
while upholding standards for 

3737
03:21:01,800 --> 03:21:04,200
quality and presentation? 
What historians? 

3738
03:21:04,200 --> 03:21:06,800
Now, acknowledged as one of the 
first truly global fusion 

3739
03:21:06,800 --> 03:21:09,900
Cuisines was influenced by the 
international nature of 

3740
03:21:09,900 --> 03:21:13,400
steamship dining. 
Recipes were shared among crew, 

3741
03:21:13,400 --> 03:21:15,700
members from different 
countries, passengers from 

3742
03:21:15,700 --> 03:21:18,700
different countries, shared 
tables, and many planning had to

3743
03:21:18,708 --> 03:21:20,900
take into account of cultural 
preferences. 

3744
03:21:21,800 --> 03:21:24,100
Immigrant food, Customs, Port 
City eateries. 

3745
03:21:24,100 --> 03:21:26,600
And the slow, 
internationalization of urban 

3746
03:21:26,600 --> 03:21:30,500
dining which would pick up speed
throughout the 20th century were

3747
03:21:30,500 --> 03:21:33,700
all impacted by this 
cross-cultural and to change for

3748
03:21:33,700 --> 03:21:35,800
Generations. 
The hospitality industry was 

3749
03:21:35,800 --> 03:21:38,700
impacted by the Professional 
Standards established by staff 

3750
03:21:38,700 --> 03:21:42,000
training programs created for 
steamship dining service. 

3751
03:21:42,900 --> 03:21:45,800
Specialized skills were needed 
to manage large groups of diners

3752
03:21:45,800 --> 03:21:49,100
with different expectations, 
serve meals, efficiently in 

3753
03:21:49,100 --> 03:21:52,400
constantly moving environments 
and maintained service quality 

3754
03:21:52,400 --> 03:21:56,200
under difficult circumstances. 
These skills led to workers 

3755
03:21:56,200 --> 03:21:59,800
become valuable employees in 
restaurants, hotels and other 

3756
03:21:59,800 --> 03:22:02,900
service in Industries, early 
models for modern Supply Chain 

3757
03:22:02,900 --> 03:22:05,800
management were established by 
the logistics systems developed 

3758
03:22:05,800 --> 03:22:09,900
to provide food to steamships. 
It took organizational abilities

3759
03:22:09,900 --> 03:22:12,500
and methodical, thinking to 
coordinate the procurement 

3760
03:22:12,500 --> 03:22:15,200
storage and distribution of 
thousands of ingredients across 

3761
03:22:15,200 --> 03:22:17,800
several ports, which had an 
impact on more General 

3762
03:22:17,800 --> 03:22:20,900
advancements in commercial food,
distribution and inventory 

3763
03:22:20,900 --> 03:22:23,800
control long into the modern 
era, commercial kitchen 

3764
03:22:23,800 --> 03:22:26,800
development, was impacted by the
kitchen design innovations that 

3765
03:22:26,800 --> 03:22:28,800
were first introduced aboard 
steamships. 

3766
03:22:29,600 --> 03:22:31,600
Advances in restaurant and 
institutional. 

3767
03:22:31,600 --> 03:22:35,000
Kitchen design were influenced 
by the need for small effective 

3768
03:22:35,000 --> 03:22:36,400
layouts. 
Due to space constraints. 

3769
03:22:36,400 --> 03:22:39,700
The specialized equipment 
developed for cooking on ships 

3770
03:22:39,700 --> 03:22:43,000
and the workflow patterns 
developed for producing large 

3771
03:22:43,000 --> 03:22:45,000
quantities of food under 
difficult conditions. 

3772
03:22:45,000 --> 03:22:48,400
The menu planning methods, 
created for steamship dining 

3773
03:22:48,400 --> 03:22:51,700
created models for large scale 
Food Service that affected 

3774
03:22:51,700 --> 03:22:54,400
institutional dining in schools 
hospitals. 

3775
03:22:54,400 --> 03:22:57,500
And other places where a lot of 
people needed to be fed in an 

3776
03:22:57,500 --> 03:23:00,900
economical and efficient manner.
Models that maintain their 

3777
03:23:00,900 --> 03:23:03,600
relevance long after steam. 
Power was replaced by diesel 

3778
03:23:03,600 --> 03:23:07,000
engines and jet aircraft. 
Were produced by striking a 

3779
03:23:07,000 --> 03:23:10,300
balance between variety and 
practicality as well as between 

3780
03:23:10,300 --> 03:23:12,800
passenger expectations and 
operational, constraints 

3781
03:23:12,800 --> 03:23:16,300
cross-class, social mixing and 
attitudes toward public dining 

3782
03:23:16,300 --> 03:23:19,300
have changed as a result of the 
social aspects of steamship 

3783
03:23:19,300 --> 03:23:21,800
dining. 
Even though these ships upheld 

3784
03:23:21,800 --> 03:23:24,900
rigid social hierarchies, they 
also made it possible for 

3785
03:23:24,900 --> 03:23:27,800
members of various social groups
to interact in ways that were 

3786
03:23:27,800 --> 03:23:30,100
not feasible in more 
conventional contexts. 

3787
03:23:30,700 --> 03:23:33,500
The modern era has broader 
social changes were influenced 

3788
03:23:33,500 --> 03:23:37,600
by the slow democratization of 
dining experiences with its 

3789
03:23:37,600 --> 03:23:40,700
lavish buffets specialty 
eateries and 24-hour food 

3790
03:23:40,700 --> 03:23:42,700
service. 
Modern cruise ship. 

3791
03:23:42,700 --> 03:23:45,200
Dining has its roots in the 
inventions made on the great 

3792
03:23:45,200 --> 03:23:48,800
steamships of the 19th century. 
The idea that a ship could 

3793
03:23:48,800 --> 03:23:51,900
function as a floating resort 
with dining experience. 

3794
03:23:51,900 --> 03:23:54,800
As a major component of the 
total entertainment value, 

3795
03:23:54,800 --> 03:23:58,100
created trends that still affect
leisure travel on the Seas 

3796
03:23:58,100 --> 03:24:01,600
today, despite its Infamous 
reputation airline meal. 

3797
03:24:01,600 --> 03:24:04,700
Service also adheres to the same
standard set forth on those 

3798
03:24:04,700 --> 03:24:08,500
early steamships, whether your 
flying at 35,000 feet or 

3799
03:24:08,500 --> 03:24:11,800
steaming across the Atlantic the
difficulties of serving a large 

3800
03:24:11,808 --> 03:24:14,800
number of passengers, 
effectively safely and palatable

3801
03:24:14,800 --> 03:24:17,600
in a small space. 
While traversing, a potentially 

3802
03:24:17,600 --> 03:24:21,300
hostile environment are 
essentially the same early forms

3803
03:24:21,300 --> 03:24:24,200
of hospitality industry research
that would later develop into 

3804
03:24:24,200 --> 03:24:26,800
contemporary customers and 
Analysis and menu, engineering 

3805
03:24:26,800 --> 03:24:29,600
or established by the 
documentation practices 

3806
03:24:29,600 --> 03:24:32,500
developed aboard. 
Team ships including detailed 

3807
03:24:32,500 --> 03:24:36,000
menu records, passenger feedback
systems, and operational 

3808
03:24:36,000 --> 03:24:38,300
reports. 
These ships were some of the 

3809
03:24:38,300 --> 03:24:40,800
first companies to 
systematically research what 

3810
03:24:40,800 --> 03:24:43,600
their customers wanted, and how 
to provide it on a regular 

3811
03:24:43,600 --> 03:24:46,000
basis. 
International maritime, law, 

3812
03:24:46,000 --> 03:24:48,700
regarding food, safety, 
passenger, welfare and crew, 

3813
03:24:48,700 --> 03:24:52,200
working conditions traces. 
Its Origins to regulations 

3814
03:24:52,200 --> 03:24:54,700
developed during the steamship 
era legal. 

3815
03:24:54,700 --> 03:24:57,000
Precedence, that still have an 
impact on Maritime. 

3816
03:24:57,000 --> 03:24:59,800
Commerce, were established as a 
result of the difficulty of 

3817
03:24:59,808 --> 03:25:02,100
overseeing food. 
Service in international waters,

3818
03:25:02,100 --> 03:25:04,500
across multiple legal 
jurisdictions. 

3819
03:25:04,500 --> 03:25:07,900
And for passengers of different 
nationalities dining on 

3820
03:25:07,900 --> 03:25:10,300
steamships. 
Had a profound cultural impact 

3821
03:25:10,300 --> 03:25:12,000
that went well beyond the ship's
themselves. 

3822
03:25:13,200 --> 03:25:15,900
When immigrants crossed the 
Atlantic with sophisticated meal

3823
03:25:15,900 --> 03:25:19,300
service, they returned home with
higher standards and a wider 

3824
03:25:19,300 --> 03:25:22,200
understanding of cooking. 
Because of the cross-cultural 

3825
03:25:22,200 --> 03:25:24,300
interactions that took place on 
board, these floating 

3826
03:25:24,300 --> 03:25:27,400
communities Port City where 
these ships, docked developed 

3827
03:25:27,400 --> 03:25:29,400
dining scene, and Cullen, 
recused Customs. 

3828
03:25:29,400 --> 03:25:32,000
That reflected, the 
international nature of Maritime

3829
03:25:32,000 --> 03:25:34,300
travel. 
The cycle foundation for 

3830
03:25:34,300 --> 03:25:37,600
contemporary travel dining, the 
notion that meals eaten while 

3831
03:25:37,600 --> 03:25:41,100
traveling should be experiences 
that enrich rather than merely 

3832
03:25:41,100 --> 03:25:43,600
prolong. 
The trip was arguably most 

3833
03:25:43,600 --> 03:25:45,800
significantly established by 
steamships. 

3834
03:25:46,600 --> 03:25:49,600
The elaborate dining cars of 
luxury trains, the themed 

3835
03:25:49,600 --> 03:25:52,600
restaurants of contemporary 
theme parks the celebrity chef 

3836
03:25:52,600 --> 03:25:55,700
venues aboard, modern cruise 
ships and the artisanal food, 

3837
03:25:55,700 --> 03:25:59,000
courts and contemporary airports
were all impacted by this idea, 

3838
03:25:59,000 --> 03:26:02,900
the need to reduce waste 
increase efficiency and use all 

3839
03:26:02,900 --> 03:26:05,900
available, resources, the 
environmental Consciousness That

3840
03:26:05,900 --> 03:26:08,800
Grew on steamships. 
Established early models for 

3841
03:26:08,800 --> 03:26:12,200
sustainable Food, Service that 
are now more relevant than ever 

3842
03:26:12,200 --> 03:26:14,000
in our current environmental 
era. 

3843
03:26:14,800 --> 03:26:17,000
Modern food service operations, 
looking to lessen. 

3844
03:26:17,000 --> 03:26:19,700
Their environmental impact can 
learn from the closed system 

3845
03:26:19,700 --> 03:26:22,900
thinking needed to run a ship's 
Galley, effectively, labor 

3846
03:26:22,900 --> 03:26:25,800
organization in the hospitality 
sector was impacted by the 

3847
03:26:25,800 --> 03:26:28,600
professional development, 
programs and staff hierarchies 

3848
03:26:28,600 --> 03:26:30,800
that were first implemented on 
steamships. 

3849
03:26:31,600 --> 03:26:34,300
Professional Standards that 
influenced restaurant and hotel 

3850
03:26:34,300 --> 03:26:37,100
operations for Generations were 
established by the carer 

3851
03:26:37,100 --> 03:26:39,000
progression from Galley hand to 
head, chef. 

3852
03:26:39,000 --> 03:26:42,700
The specific training needed for
various roles and the emphasis 

3853
03:26:42,700 --> 03:26:45,600
on teamwork Under Pressure, the 
early forms of hospitality 

3854
03:26:45,600 --> 03:26:48,900
industry economics, that 
impacted pricing strategies and 

3855
03:26:48,900 --> 03:26:51,800
profit management. 
Across the service sector were 

3856
03:26:51,800 --> 03:26:54,400
established by the financial 
models created to Steamship 

3857
03:26:54,400 --> 03:26:58,000
dining, which included, 
inventory, management food cost 

3858
03:26:58,000 --> 03:27:01,000
calculations and balancing 
passenger, expectations with 

3859
03:27:01,000 --> 03:27:04,500
operational, constraints. 
Among the first companies to 

3860
03:27:04,500 --> 03:27:07,100
systematically examine the 
connection between customer 

3861
03:27:07,100 --> 03:27:10,300
satisfaction and service quality
in a way that could be 

3862
03:27:10,308 --> 03:27:12,400
Quantified and enhanced with 
these ships. 

3863
03:27:12,400 --> 03:27:16,300
Their dining Innovations, moved 
to New locations and uses a 

3864
03:27:16,300 --> 03:27:19,100
steamships changed and 
eventually made way for quicker,

3865
03:27:19,100 --> 03:27:21,000
more effective modes of 
transportation. 

3866
03:27:22,100 --> 03:27:25,300
Steamship dining was transformed
into even more intricate forms 

3867
03:27:25,300 --> 03:27:28,000
of hospitality theater by the 
great ocean. 

3868
03:27:28,000 --> 03:27:29,800
Liners of the early 20th 
century. 

3869
03:27:31,400 --> 03:27:33,800
These Customs have been turned 
into floating entertainment, 

3870
03:27:33,800 --> 03:27:37,800
complexes by contemporary cruise
ships where meals are expertly. 

3871
03:27:37,800 --> 03:27:39,800
Planned. 
Performance is meant to leave a 

3872
03:27:39,800 --> 03:27:42,500
lasting impression, even the 
most common place elements of 

3873
03:27:42,500 --> 03:27:45,300
contemporary travel dining have 
their roots in invention's made 

3874
03:27:45,300 --> 03:27:47,700
on these first steamships 
Solutions. 

3875
03:27:47,700 --> 03:27:50,500
Initially created to feed 
passengers travelling across the

3876
03:27:50,500 --> 03:27:54,000
Atlantic under steam power. 
Gave rise to pre-plan meals 

3877
03:27:54,000 --> 03:27:57,900
standardized portion sizes, 
specialized serving utensils 

3878
03:27:57,900 --> 03:28:01,400
coordinated, meal service, and 
methodical approaches to meeting

3879
03:28:01,400 --> 03:28:04,500
dietary requirements, the 
cultural exchange that took 

3880
03:28:04,500 --> 03:28:07,000
place on steamships is largely 
responsible for the 

3881
03:28:07,000 --> 03:28:10,400
globalization of food culture 
that defines contemporary 

3882
03:28:10,400 --> 03:28:12,600
dining. 
Food barriers that had 

3883
03:28:12,600 --> 03:28:16,200
previously kept National Cuisine
separate and distinct began to 

3884
03:28:16,200 --> 03:28:19,000
gradually dissolve as a result 
of international passengers, 

3885
03:28:19,000 --> 03:28:22,700
sharing meals, crew members from
different countries, cooperating

3886
03:28:22,700 --> 03:28:25,600
and ship galleys and port 
cities, modifying, their 

3887
03:28:25,600 --> 03:28:28,800
restaurants to accommodate 
foreign visitors, the importance

3888
03:28:28,800 --> 03:28:31,900
of ambience in dining areas, the
use of lighting and Decor to 

3889
03:28:31,908 --> 03:28:35,200
improve the meal experience and 
the timing of service to create 

3890
03:28:35,200 --> 03:28:37,400
seamless. 
Dining experiences are all 

3891
03:28:37,400 --> 03:28:40,600
examples of restaurant Design 
Concepts that started out as 

3892
03:28:40,600 --> 03:28:43,500
ways to make dining on ships 
which were essentially floating 

3893
03:28:43,500 --> 03:28:46,500
restaurants that catered to 
captive audiences for weeks at a

3894
03:28:46,500 --> 03:28:49,500
time more enjoyable. 
The customers experience is 

3895
03:28:49,500 --> 03:28:53,200
crucial attention to detail 
distinguishes between adequate 

3896
03:28:53,200 --> 03:28:56,200
and memorable, service and 
successful operations, and 

3897
03:28:56,200 --> 03:29:00,300
necessitate coordination between
front of house presentation and 

3898
03:29:00,300 --> 03:29:03,700
back of house, efficiency. 
All of which are reflected in 

3899
03:29:03,700 --> 03:29:05,800
the customer service for 
philosophies, that rule 

3900
03:29:05,800 --> 03:29:09,200
contemporary hospitality 
industries, these principles 

3901
03:29:09,200 --> 03:29:13,200
were first established aboard 
steamships, These ideas which 

3902
03:29:13,200 --> 03:29:15,900
originated from the need to 
ensure passenger satisfaction 

3903
03:29:15,900 --> 03:29:19,600
during the ocean voyages became 
the Cornerstone of the service 

3904
03:29:19,600 --> 03:29:21,900
economy as a whole Lessons 
Learned aboard. 

3905
03:29:21,900 --> 03:29:24,100
Steamships are still 
incorporated into training 

3906
03:29:24,100 --> 03:29:26,500
programs for contemporary 
Hospitality workers. 

3907
03:29:27,400 --> 03:29:30,500
These lessons include how to 
remain composed and productive 

3908
03:29:30,500 --> 03:29:33,000
under pressure. 
How to serve a variety of 

3909
03:29:33,000 --> 03:29:35,500
populations with different 
expectations and cultural 

3910
03:29:35,500 --> 03:29:37,800
backgrounds. 
How to collaborate well, in 

3911
03:29:37,800 --> 03:29:40,700
cramped spaces and how to come 
up with innovative solutions. 

3912
03:29:40,700 --> 03:29:43,600
When traditional ones aren't 
available the measurement and 

3913
03:29:43,600 --> 03:29:46,000
Analysis, tools. 
Used by contemporary restaurants

3914
03:29:46,000 --> 03:29:49,500
to monitor menu, performance 
customer satisfaction and 

3915
03:29:49,500 --> 03:29:52,400
operational efficiency 
originated with steamships, 

3916
03:29:52,400 --> 03:29:56,500
where precise documentation was 
crucial for overseeing intricate

3917
03:29:56,500 --> 03:29:59,200
food, service, operations for 
extended periods of time. 

3918
03:29:59,200 --> 03:30:02,200
Without the possibility of 
outside Assistance or resupply 

3919
03:30:02,200 --> 03:30:05,300
while passenger traffic weather 
and supply, chain Logistics, 

3920
03:30:05,300 --> 03:30:08,500
created predictable patterns of 
busy and slow periods. 

3921
03:30:08,500 --> 03:30:11,100
That required different 
operational, approaches and 

3922
03:30:11,100 --> 03:30:14,200
Staffing strategies. 
Even the seasonal and cyclical 

3923
03:30:14,200 --> 03:30:16,400
patterns that Define modern 
Hospitality. 

3924
03:30:16,400 --> 03:30:19,300
Businesses are reminiscent of 
rhythms established during the 

3925
03:30:19,300 --> 03:30:21,600
steamship era. 
As the gentle rocking of our 

3926
03:30:21,600 --> 03:30:25,200
imaginary steamship LOLs, you 
towards Sleek take a moment to 

3927
03:30:25,200 --> 03:30:28,500
appreciate the remarkable human 
achievement represented by those

3928
03:30:28,500 --> 03:30:30,400
floating restaurants of the 19th
century. 

3929
03:30:31,600 --> 03:30:34,700
Every time you take for granted 
the variety and quality of food 

3930
03:30:34,700 --> 03:30:37,900
available in Modern Life, every 
time you Savor a thoughtfully 

3931
03:30:37,900 --> 03:30:40,900
prepared meal while traveling, 
or every time you appreciate 

3932
03:30:40,900 --> 03:30:43,700
thoughtful service in a 
restaurant, you are reaping the 

3933
03:30:43,700 --> 03:30:46,100
benefits of Innovations. 
Initially, pioneered by 

3934
03:30:46,100 --> 03:30:48,900
individuals, who refuse to 
accept that traveling meant for 

3935
03:30:48,900 --> 03:30:50,300
going the pleasures of fine 
dining. 

3936
03:30:50,300 --> 03:30:53,400
Imagine the SS Great Western 
approaching New York Harbor 

3937
03:30:53,400 --> 03:30:56,500
after 18 days at Sea with the 
sound of her final Dinner. 

3938
03:30:56,500 --> 03:30:58,100
Bell resonating through the 
ship's. 

3939
03:30:58,100 --> 03:31:01,500
Corridors the Dining Saloon, 
which served as the passenger 

3940
03:31:01,500 --> 03:31:04,400
Social Hub. 
Entertainment venue and daily 

3941
03:31:04,400 --> 03:31:07,300
meeting spot during the crossing
is where they come together one 

3942
03:31:07,300 --> 03:31:10,000
last time. 
Celebration of human Ingenuity. 

3943
03:31:10,000 --> 03:31:13,500
A demonstration of the ability 
of hospitality to Foster 

3944
03:31:13,500 --> 03:31:16,400
Community among strangers. 
And a reminder that some of our 

3945
03:31:16,400 --> 03:31:18,400
greatest inventions stem from 
resolving. 

3946
03:31:18,400 --> 03:31:20,900
The straightforward issue of how
to meet one another's basic 

3947
03:31:20,900 --> 03:31:23,400
needs. 
The meal they share is more than

3948
03:31:23,400 --> 03:31:25,800
just food. 
The multi-lingual discussion 

3949
03:31:25,800 --> 03:31:29,100
that took place around those 
tables representing dozens of 

3950
03:31:29,100 --> 03:31:32,500
distinct cultural backgrounds 
for shadowed, the increasingly 

3951
03:31:32,500 --> 03:31:35,700
interconnected world. 
We live in today The methods 

3952
03:31:35,700 --> 03:31:38,700
created to prepare and preserve 
those Foods. 

3953
03:31:38,700 --> 03:31:41,800
Created habits that still affect
our eating habits today. 

3954
03:31:42,900 --> 03:31:45,800
The hospitality Customs that are
still practiced in contemporary 

3955
03:31:45,800 --> 03:31:48,200
hotels restaurants and 
entertainment. 

3956
03:31:48,200 --> 03:31:51,700
Venues were established by the 
service standards designed to 

3957
03:31:51,700 --> 03:31:53,300
oversee. 
Those floating communities. 

3958
03:31:53,300 --> 03:31:56,700
Perhaps more significantly, 
though, those steamship dining 

3959
03:31:56,700 --> 03:31:58,700
experiences, created the 
expectation. 

3960
03:31:58,700 --> 03:32:01,700
That travel should improve 
rather than lower our quality of

3961
03:32:01,708 --> 03:32:03,700
life. 
That transient groups of 

3962
03:32:03,708 --> 03:32:07,000
strangers could unite around 
shared meals and that human 

3963
03:32:07,000 --> 03:32:09,900
Ingenuity could overcome 
logistical obstacles that seemed

3964
03:32:09,900 --> 03:32:12,800
insurmountable to create 
experiences that fed the body 

3965
03:32:12,800 --> 03:32:15,700
and the Soul, when you pour your
coffee tomorrow morning and make

3966
03:32:15,700 --> 03:32:19,100
plans for the day, keep in mind 
that the coffee in your mug, may

3967
03:32:19,100 --> 03:32:22,100
contain beans that were 
transported across Ocean's using

3968
03:32:22,100 --> 03:32:26,500
Transportation Systems developed
from steamship innovations that 

3969
03:32:26,500 --> 03:32:29,000
the breakfast you eat represents
food preparation and 

3970
03:32:29,000 --> 03:32:32,800
preservation technique initially
perfected in ships, galleys and 

3971
03:32:32,800 --> 03:32:35,600
that the very idea of beginning 
your day with a satisfying meal.

3972
03:32:35,600 --> 03:32:38,700
Oh, something to those Victorian
Travelers, who maintain That 

3973
03:32:38,700 --> 03:32:41,800
civilization was portable. 
That Comfort could be created 

3974
03:32:41,800 --> 03:32:44,900
anywhere and That a good meal 
shared with fellow humans was 

3975
03:32:44,900 --> 03:32:47,200
worth, whatever effort. 
It took to make it possible. 

3976
03:32:47,200 --> 03:32:50,600
These days steamships have been 
replaced by container ships, 

3977
03:32:50,600 --> 03:32:53,600
that transport cargo more 
effectively, but disregard the 

3978
03:32:53,608 --> 03:32:56,500
comfort of their passengers and 
buy airline, is that travel 

3979
03:32:56,500 --> 03:32:59,900
across Ocean's in a matter of 
hours rather than weeks but 

3980
03:32:59,900 --> 03:33:02,400
serve meals that are 
insignificant in comparison to 

3981
03:33:02,400 --> 03:33:04,600
what those floating restaurant 
were able to accomplish with 

3982
03:33:04,600 --> 03:33:08,600
much less funding. 
However, their legacy endures. 

3983
03:33:08,600 --> 03:33:12,200
Each time, we assemble around a 
table, transform a meal into a 

3984
03:33:12,208 --> 03:33:15,600
social Gathering, a new food to 
Foster community and make 

3985
03:33:15,600 --> 03:33:18,300
memories that endure long after 
the dishes are cleared away. 

3986
03:33:18,300 --> 03:33:21,400
Sweet dreams of paddle Wheels, 
churning through Atlantic, 

3987
03:33:21,400 --> 03:33:24,800
swells of dining, saloons lit by
Gaslight and warmed. 

3988
03:33:24,800 --> 03:33:27,400
By human conversation of 
Galileo's West. 

3989
03:33:27,400 --> 03:33:30,200
Skilled Cooks, worked miracles 
with limited ingredients and 

3990
03:33:30,200 --> 03:33:34,700
unlimited creativity, Imagine a 
time when eating together, could

3991
03:33:34,700 --> 03:33:38,100
turn a group of strangers into a
transient family Bound by their 

3992
03:33:38,100 --> 03:33:39,500
common quest for New 
Opportunities. 

3993
03:33:39,500 --> 03:33:43,600
When traveling across the ocean 
was an adventure rather than a 

3994
03:33:43,600 --> 03:33:45,700
hassle. 
And when meals were occasions 

3995
03:33:45,700 --> 03:33:49,000
rather than stops for fuel. 
The final dinner service Bell as

3996
03:33:49,000 --> 03:33:52,200
rang, the great ship is steaming
through the night toward port, 

3997
03:33:52,200 --> 03:33:53,900
in the end of another amazing 
journey. 

3998
03:33:53,900 --> 03:33:57,000
The tables have been cleared and
the passengers have gone to 

3999
03:33:57,000 --> 03:34:00,800
their cabins, however, the 
invention's customs and 

4000
03:34:00,800 --> 03:34:03,400
uncomplicated human warmth that 
made those meals, special 

4001
03:34:03,400 --> 03:34:06,900
continue on their own path. 
Through time impacting our 

4002
03:34:06,900 --> 03:34:10,800
eating habits travel habits and 
interpersonal care in both 

4003
03:34:10,800 --> 03:34:14,000
significant and minor ways. 
Take comfort in the knowledge 

4004
03:34:14,000 --> 03:34:16,900
that you are carrying on a 
tradition that dates back to the

4005
03:34:16,900 --> 03:34:19,200
first Travelers, who demanded 
that Pleasant company. 

4006
03:34:19,200 --> 03:34:23,100
Excellent Cuisine and courteous 
service could co-exist 

4007
03:34:23,100 --> 03:34:25,600
peacefully in the middle of the 
vast frigid ocean. 

4008
03:34:26,600 --> 03:34:30,000
Every time we decide to make a 
meal, special invite strangers 

4009
03:34:30,000 --> 03:34:33,500
to our table or reject, the idea
that Civilization and comfort 

4010
03:34:33,500 --> 03:34:36,600
are extravagances, that can only
be enjoyed in ideal 

4011
03:34:36,600 --> 03:34:40,000
circumstances, their legacy 
endures in every Kitchen 

4012
03:34:40,000 --> 03:34:42,900
restaurant and home, where 
people come together to elevate 

4013
03:34:42,900 --> 03:34:45,900
the simple Act of eating into 
something far more meaningful. 

4014
03:34:47,000 --> 03:34:50,800
Celebration of human Community 
creativity and the Limitless 

4015
03:34:50,800 --> 03:34:53,600
possibility that tomorrow's meal
might just be the best one. 

4016
03:34:53,600 --> 03:34:56,100
Yet. 
The steamship dining Bell has 

4017
03:34:56,100 --> 03:35:00,000
gone silent, but it's called to 
gather to share and to turn 

4018
03:35:00,000 --> 03:35:10,200
necessity into pleasure, still 
Consider organizing a 2000, mile

4019
03:35:10,200 --> 03:35:13,400
6 month camping trip where you 
would need to pack everything 

4020
03:35:13,400 --> 03:35:14,900
you would need to start over at 
the end. 

4021
03:35:15,800 --> 03:35:19,100
Now, picture doing this in 1843 
when the only content of 

4022
03:35:19,100 --> 03:35:21,100
available on the internet was 
what your neighbor might have 

4023
03:35:21,100 --> 03:35:23,700
heard from someone whose cousin 
traveled West the previous year.

4024
03:35:24,700 --> 03:35:26,000
Families. 
Preparing to hike. 

4025
03:35:26,000 --> 03:35:28,900
The Oregon Trail had to deal 
with this reality and their 

4026
03:35:28,900 --> 03:35:31,300
planning process involved. 
A combination of science 

4027
03:35:31,300 --> 03:35:36,000
speculation and Blind Faith. 
The average Pioneer Family, 

4028
03:35:36,000 --> 03:35:39,300
spent months preparing for their
Westwood Journey, which included

4029
03:35:39,300 --> 03:35:42,700
the logistical challenges of 
cross country relocation along 

4030
03:35:42,700 --> 03:35:44,200
with the stress of wedding 
planning. 

4031
03:35:45,600 --> 03:35:48,700
Fathers would write lists and do
calculations by candlelight on 

4032
03:35:48,700 --> 03:35:51,800
winter, evenings, with the same 
intense Focus as someone 

4033
03:35:51,800 --> 03:35:53,700
planning, the longest camping 
trip in history. 

4034
03:35:53,700 --> 03:35:56,900
Knowing that they might not find
what they had forgotten until 

4035
03:35:56,900 --> 03:35:59,400
they arrived in Oregon. 
Mothers would make a list of 

4036
03:35:59,408 --> 03:36:01,900
everything. 
They owned including extra 

4037
03:36:01,900 --> 03:36:06,400
buttons, cooking pots and fabric
Choosing a wagon was the first 

4038
03:36:06,400 --> 03:36:09,000
big decision that would affect 
how comfortable you were for the

4039
03:36:09,008 --> 03:36:12,600
next six months of your life. 
The majority of families chose 

4040
03:36:12,600 --> 03:36:16,200
what was known as a Prairie. 
Schooner basically a big wooden 

4041
03:36:16,200 --> 03:36:20,300
box that was four feet wide and 
10 feet long on Wheels and 

4042
03:36:20,300 --> 03:36:23,600
covered in canvas. 
Imagine it like a mobile closet 

4043
03:36:23,600 --> 03:36:26,500
where you would also sleep cook 
and call home for six months. 

4044
03:36:27,500 --> 03:36:29,200
Tightly stretched over wooden 
Hoops. 

4045
03:36:29,200 --> 03:36:31,500
The canvas top formed a 
comfortable tunnel. 

4046
03:36:31,500 --> 03:36:33,400
That would resemble your 
childhood bedroom. 

4047
03:36:33,400 --> 03:36:36,400
It was like solving the most 
significant three-dimensional 

4048
03:36:36,400 --> 03:36:39,200
puzzle in the world. 
When loading the wagon families 

4049
03:36:39,200 --> 03:36:42,100
created packing techniques, that
would impress contemporary 

4050
03:36:42,100 --> 03:36:45,900
efficiency experts because every
square inch counted bags of 

4051
03:36:45,908 --> 03:36:49,500
flour, barrels of salt pork and 
spare wagon parts were placed on

4052
03:36:49,500 --> 03:36:53,000
the bottom because they were 
heavier Spaces between and along

4053
03:36:53,000 --> 03:36:55,800
the side were occupied by 
bedding, clothing and Priceless 

4054
03:36:55,800 --> 03:36:59,200
family belongings. creating a 
rolling household that could 

4055
03:36:59,200 --> 03:37:02,000
continue to run, even if you 
were unable to unpack every 

4056
03:37:02,000 --> 03:37:05,000
night was the AIM, The 
quartermaster's mathematical 

4057
03:37:05,000 --> 03:37:07,700
prowess and the foresight of 
someone who knew that buffalo 

4058
03:37:07,700 --> 03:37:10,000
meat wasn't always going to be 
available at the Neighborhood. 

4059
03:37:10,000 --> 03:37:11,900
Grocery Store were needed for 
food planning. 

4060
03:37:12,700 --> 03:37:17,100
Along with bacon, beans coffee 
sugar and salt families, usually

4061
03:37:17,100 --> 03:37:19,300
packed 200 pounds of flour per 
person. 

4062
03:37:20,100 --> 03:37:22,600
These were not Gourmet 
ingredients that they were foods

4063
03:37:22,600 --> 03:37:25,000
that could be cooked over an 
open fire with little cooking 

4064
03:37:25,000 --> 03:37:27,800
equipment and would not go bad 
during months of travel. 

4065
03:37:28,900 --> 03:37:31,500
Women had a particularly 
difficult time, choosing what to

4066
03:37:31,500 --> 03:37:35,300
wear, because they had to strike
a balance between 1840s social 

4067
03:37:35,300 --> 03:37:38,600
norms and practicality people in
Oregon would judge you before, 

4068
03:37:38,600 --> 03:37:40,100
you'd even found a place to 
live. 

4069
03:37:40,100 --> 03:37:43,300
So you couldn't exactly show up 
there in ripped and filthy 

4070
03:37:43,300 --> 03:37:45,800
clothes. 
Women, therefore, plan to wear 

4071
03:37:45,800 --> 03:37:48,800
their most expensive clothing on
the actual Journey, while 

4072
03:37:48,800 --> 03:37:51,200
packing their best dresses at 
the bottom of trunks. 

4073
03:37:51,900 --> 03:37:54,800
Many developed the ability to 
wear skirts over functional 

4074
03:37:54,800 --> 03:37:57,900
Bloomers, to create respectable 
looking on sambals that 

4075
03:37:57,900 --> 03:38:00,200
accommodated the physical 
demands of Trail life. 

4076
03:38:01,100 --> 03:38:03,900
Parents had to think of 
themselves as both providers and

4077
03:38:03,900 --> 03:38:05,800
entertainers for a six-month 
Journey. 

4078
03:38:05,800 --> 03:38:09,600
Without playgrounds rest. 
Stops, or toys stores. 

4079
03:38:09,600 --> 03:38:12,300
Their children needs needed. 
Special attention. 

4080
03:38:13,600 --> 03:38:16,500
Books were heavy but necessary 
for both evening, entertainment 

4081
03:38:16,500 --> 03:38:20,600
and education, making them 
valuable cargo on tough days. 

4082
03:38:20,600 --> 03:38:23,900
Simple toys like cloth dolls or 
carved wooden figures offered 

4083
03:38:23,900 --> 03:38:27,400
Solace during months of travel 
and Outdoor Living parents 

4084
03:38:27,400 --> 03:38:30,800
frequently packed extra fabric. 
Not only for repairs, but also 

4085
03:38:30,800 --> 03:38:33,200
because they knew that by the 
end of the journey, their 

4086
03:38:33,200 --> 03:38:35,400
children would need new clothes 
because they had outgrown their 

4087
03:38:35,400 --> 03:38:38,600
starting sizes. 
Another important factor was 

4088
03:38:38,600 --> 03:38:42,000
medical supplies and families, 
put together what amounted to a 

4089
03:38:42,000 --> 03:38:44,700
traveling Pharmacy, using 
whatever medical knowledge they 

4090
03:38:44,700 --> 03:38:48,100
could find and focus wisdom. 
Knowing that everyone would be 

4091
03:38:48,100 --> 03:38:50,300
impacted by the change in water 
and diet. 

4092
03:38:50,300 --> 03:38:53,700
They packed herbs for Digestive 
issues on a path. 

4093
03:38:53,700 --> 03:38:56,700
Hundreds of miles from the 
closest physician bandages, 

4094
03:38:56,700 --> 03:39:00,300
Lorden for pain relief and 
various tonics occupied 

4095
03:39:00,300 --> 03:39:02,400
valuable. 
Trunk space signifying. 

4096
03:39:02,400 --> 03:39:05,200
The difference between minor 
setbacks and possible disasters.

4097
03:39:06,300 --> 03:39:08,900
Most difficult aspect of 
preparation was probably the 

4098
03:39:08,900 --> 03:39:11,900
emotional preparation. 
Families were leaving behind 

4099
03:39:11,900 --> 03:39:15,800
whole networks of connections 
support systems and accustomed 

4100
03:39:15,800 --> 03:39:17,500
lifestyles. 
In addition to specific 

4101
03:39:17,500 --> 03:39:20,900
locations, they would bring 
family, Bible's that functioned 

4102
03:39:20,900 --> 03:39:24,000
as both spiritual consolation 
and family history, books 

4103
03:39:24,000 --> 03:39:27,500
letters from loved ones and 
small momentos from home 

4104
03:39:27,500 --> 03:39:30,200
churches. 
Although these objects were 

4105
03:39:30,200 --> 03:39:31,800
heavy and took up valuable 
space. 

4106
03:39:31,800 --> 03:39:34,700
They gave people who were going 
into an unknown future 

4107
03:39:34,700 --> 03:39:37,900
psychological stability. 
families would get together for 

4108
03:39:37,900 --> 03:39:41,700
church services, farewell visits
and last communal meals as 

4109
03:39:41,700 --> 03:39:45,500
departure, time Drew near These 
gatherings had the Bittersweet 

4110
03:39:45,500 --> 03:39:49,000
feel of occasions that everyone 
knew might be final farewells. 

4111
03:39:50,100 --> 03:39:52,500
In addition to offering last 
minute, tips and forgotten 

4112
03:39:52,500 --> 03:39:55,500
supplies, neighbors would also 
pledged to write letters that 

4113
03:39:55,500 --> 03:39:59,800
they all hoped would somehow 
make it to Oregon Territory. as 

4114
03:39:59,800 --> 03:40:03,200
families left friends and family
wondered if they would ever 

4115
03:40:03,200 --> 03:40:07,100
cross paths again, causing 
entire Community, social fabric 

4116
03:40:07,100 --> 03:40:10,800
to be revived in Most families 
had what we might now identify 

4117
03:40:10,800 --> 03:40:14,300
as a mix of pre examining 
anxiety and Christmas Eve 

4118
03:40:14,300 --> 03:40:17,500
excitement the night before 
departure for the final time 

4119
03:40:17,500 --> 03:40:19,900
children would lie in their 
comfortable beds while their 

4120
03:40:19,900 --> 03:40:22,400
parents made last minute, 
preparations down stairs. 

4121
03:40:23,300 --> 03:40:25,300
While attempting to commit 
details of homes. 

4122
03:40:25,300 --> 03:40:26,800
They might never see again to 
memory. 

4123
03:40:26,800 --> 03:40:30,900
Adults would stroll through 
empty rooms, making sure nothing

4124
03:40:30,900 --> 03:40:34,400
important had been overlooked. 
Any sleeping Arrangements they 

4125
03:40:34,400 --> 03:40:37,100
could make in and around their 
wagon would take the place of 

4126
03:40:37,100 --> 03:40:40,600
their actual beds tomorrow. 
There are Custom Kitchens would 

4127
03:40:40,600 --> 03:40:44,100
be converted into dutch ovens 
and campfires any group of 

4128
03:40:44,100 --> 03:40:46,500
families that happen to be on 
their Wagon, Train would become 

4129
03:40:46,500 --> 03:40:49,100
their neighborhood. 
Everything that was familiar and

4130
03:40:49,100 --> 03:40:51,900
comfortable was about to change 
into an adventure that would put

4131
03:40:51,900 --> 03:40:53,800
all of their preparations to the
test. 

4132
03:40:54,600 --> 03:40:58,000
Imagine being gently roused by 
the sounds of someone rekindling

4133
03:40:58,000 --> 03:41:02,200
a campfire and the softer of 
canvas as your neighbors, start 

4134
03:41:02,200 --> 03:41:05,500
their day. 
Rather than an alarm clock on an

4135
03:41:05,500 --> 03:41:08,200
Oregon Trail morning. 
Your kitchen was any level area.

4136
03:41:08,200 --> 03:41:09,600
You could clear around a fire 
pit. 

4137
03:41:09,600 --> 03:41:12,600
Your bathroom was wherever you 
could find privacy and your 

4138
03:41:12,608 --> 03:41:16,800
bedroom was a wagon. 
At 4:38 a.m. when the air was 

4139
03:41:16,800 --> 03:41:19,300
cool and The Oxen were resting 
from their night of grazing, 

4140
03:41:19,300 --> 03:41:21,300
nearby. 
The usual Trail day started 

4141
03:41:21,300 --> 03:41:24,100
Before Sunrise. 
Families had discovered the 

4142
03:41:24,100 --> 03:41:27,400
importance of starting early. 
Not only to get as much distance

4143
03:41:27,400 --> 03:41:30,600
as possible before the midday 
heat, but also because people 

4144
03:41:30,600 --> 03:41:32,900
and animals had the most energy 
in the morning for the 

4145
03:41:32,908 --> 03:41:35,800
challenges of the day. 
The first thing you would notice

4146
03:41:35,800 --> 03:41:38,500
when you woke up would be the 
strange rigidity that results 

4147
03:41:38,500 --> 03:41:41,900
from sleeping on the ground, 
which never felt like a proper 

4148
03:41:41,900 --> 03:41:43,700
mattress. 
No matter how hard you tried 

4149
03:41:43,700 --> 03:41:46,000
family soon. 
Discovered how to distinguish 

4150
03:41:46,000 --> 03:41:48,900
the subtle differences between 
different types of prairie, 

4151
03:41:48,900 --> 03:41:52,500
ground such as witches offered 
the best balance of support and 

4152
03:41:52,500 --> 03:41:56,300
softness, which areas drained. 
Well, after rain, and which 

4153
03:41:56,300 --> 03:41:59,300
areas provided wind protection 
without retaining moisture. 

4154
03:41:59,300 --> 03:42:02,800
The rhythm of the morning ritual
would grow as ingrained as 

4155
03:42:02,800 --> 03:42:05,100
breathing. 
The other parent would check on 

4156
03:42:05,100 --> 03:42:08,400
the animals, making sure the 
horses mules or oxen, but not 

4157
03:42:08,400 --> 03:42:10,400
wandered far, during their night
of grazing. 

4158
03:42:10,400 --> 03:42:13,100
While the other parent 
rekindled, the cooking fire from

4159
03:42:13,100 --> 03:42:16,500
carefully preserved coals When 
they were old enough to assist 

4160
03:42:16,500 --> 03:42:19,100
children would be given jobs 
like collecting Buffalo chips 

4161
03:42:19,100 --> 03:42:22,400
for fuel, which may seem like a 
bad job until you realize that 

4162
03:42:22,400 --> 03:42:25,100
these dried droppings burn 
cleanly and were frequently. 

4163
03:42:25,100 --> 03:42:27,500
The only fuel available on 
planes without trees. 

4164
03:42:29,100 --> 03:42:31,500
The meal was typically 
straightforward but comforting 

4165
03:42:31,500 --> 03:42:34,400
and breakfast preparation 
started, while the stars were 

4166
03:42:34,400 --> 03:42:36,800
still visible. 
In addition to its caffeine 

4167
03:42:36,800 --> 03:42:39,400
content coffee was necessary 
because the morning ritual 

4168
03:42:39,400 --> 03:42:43,300
offered psychological Solace and
a sense of normalcy in another 

4169
03:42:43,300 --> 03:42:47,000
wise, utterly bizarre way of 
life, In battered tin pots. 

4170
03:42:47,000 --> 03:42:49,800
The coffee was brewed over fires
that seemed to have their own 

4171
03:42:49,800 --> 03:42:52,900
personalities, and moods and was
frequently strong enough to 

4172
03:42:52,900 --> 03:42:56,100
dissolve horseshoes. 
Since they could be made quickly

4173
03:42:56,100 --> 03:42:59,900
with basic ingredients and 
cooked on flat stones or iron 

4174
03:42:59,900 --> 03:43:03,400
griddles heated over the fire. 
Pancakes were a popular 

4175
03:43:03,400 --> 03:43:06,300
breakfast option. 
The batter could consist of what

4176
03:43:06,300 --> 03:43:09,100
ever was on hand. 
Sometimes just flour and water. 

4177
03:43:09,100 --> 03:43:12,400
Sometimes enhanced with eggs, if
the family's chickens were still

4178
03:43:12,400 --> 03:43:15,900
laying and sometimes sweetened 
with molasses or precious for 

4179
03:43:15,900 --> 03:43:18,600
special occasions or when 
Spirits needed to be raised. 

4180
03:43:19,300 --> 03:43:21,700
Families would start the 
difficult process of breaking 

4181
03:43:21,700 --> 03:43:23,100
Camp. 
While breakfast was being 

4182
03:43:23,100 --> 03:43:26,700
prepared and this daily ritual. 
Evolved into a meticulously 

4183
03:43:26,700 --> 03:43:30,000
planned, dance of efficiency to 
keep the bedding dry and usable 

4184
03:43:30,000 --> 03:43:32,400
for the following night. 
It had to be folded aired and 

4185
03:43:32,408 --> 03:43:35,600
packed since soap was too 
valuable to be wasted on. 

4186
03:43:35,600 --> 03:43:38,600
Daily dishwashing cooking 
utensils needed to be cleaned 

4187
03:43:38,600 --> 03:43:40,200
frequently with sand and hot 
water. 

4188
03:43:41,100 --> 03:43:43,400
More thorough bathing was a 
luxury save for Sunday. 

4189
03:43:43,400 --> 03:43:45,800
Rest days or river Crossings due
to privacy and water 

4190
03:43:45,800 --> 03:43:48,400
availability. 
So, personal washing occurred 

4191
03:43:48,400 --> 03:43:52,300
quickly and usually involved 
only washing hands and faces at 

4192
03:43:52,300 --> 03:43:54,400
the latest. 
The Wagon Train would start to 

4193
03:43:54,400 --> 03:43:57,900
move by 7, mm, and the speed of 
the journey established its own 

4194
03:43:57,900 --> 03:44:00,800
daily Cadence. 
People frequently chose to walk 

4195
03:44:00,800 --> 03:44:04,300
beside their wagons rather than 
riding inside them because oxen 

4196
03:44:04,300 --> 03:44:07,500
could travel up to two miles per
hour on good days, in reality, 

4197
03:44:07,500 --> 03:44:09,800
walking was better for a number 
of reasons. 

4198
03:44:09,800 --> 03:44:12,400
It. 
The animals from the startling, 

4199
03:44:12,400 --> 03:44:15,100
bone-shaking experience of 
riding in a wagon without 

4200
03:44:15,100 --> 03:44:19,300
suspension, it allowed them to 
get food and fueled, or it was 

4201
03:44:19,308 --> 03:44:21,800
just a chance to stretch legs 
that had been crammed into 

4202
03:44:21,800 --> 03:44:23,700
makeshift sleeping quarters 
during the night. 

4203
03:44:24,900 --> 03:44:26,900
By developing games. 
That could be played while 

4204
03:44:26,900 --> 03:44:30,000
keeping the steady Pace required
to cover 15 to 20 miles. 

4205
03:44:30,000 --> 03:44:33,500
Each day, children discovered 
ways to make the daily walk into

4206
03:44:33,500 --> 03:44:35,900
entertainment. 
They could compete to find 

4207
03:44:35,900 --> 03:44:39,500
Wildlife gather unique rocks or 
practice skills. 

4208
03:44:39,500 --> 03:44:42,400
Their mothers taught them like 
identifying edible plants. 

4209
03:44:43,300 --> 03:44:45,800
As they traveled, the miles 
required to get to Oregon 

4210
03:44:45,800 --> 03:44:48,200
before. 
Winter parents, use the daily 

4211
03:44:48,200 --> 03:44:50,900
walk as an unofficial School 
period to teach their kids 

4212
03:44:50,900 --> 03:44:54,900
geography, natural history and 
practical skills known as 

4213
03:44:54,900 --> 03:44:56,900
newning. 
The midday halt, gave both 

4214
03:44:56,900 --> 03:44:59,400
humans and animals. 
The much-needed respite, they 

4215
03:44:59,400 --> 03:45:00,900
needed during the hottest part 
of the day. 

4216
03:45:00,900 --> 03:45:04,300
In order to give animals the 
opportunity to graze and rest in

4217
03:45:04,300 --> 03:45:07,200
any available shade families 
would unhitch. 

4218
03:45:07,200 --> 03:45:10,800
Their teams this two to 
three-hour break developed into 

4219
03:45:10,800 --> 03:45:14,000
a crucial social moment during 
which families could exchange 

4220
03:45:14,000 --> 03:45:18,100
supplies discussed news or just 
have pleasant chats with people 

4221
03:45:18,100 --> 03:45:19,400
outside of their immediate 
family. 

4222
03:45:20,600 --> 03:45:23,300
Women frequently used newning to
complete tasks. 

4223
03:45:23,300 --> 03:45:26,100
That were challenging to 
complete while traveling such as

4224
03:45:26,100 --> 03:45:29,800
mending clothing journaling or 
cooking, which required more 

4225
03:45:29,800 --> 03:45:31,200
focused than walking could 
provide. 

4226
03:45:32,200 --> 03:45:35,200
While the Wagon Train was in 
motion, kids might play games 

4227
03:45:35,200 --> 03:45:38,200
that weren't useful or take naps
in whatever shade was available.

4228
03:45:39,100 --> 03:45:41,400
Usually men use this time to 
inspect Machinery. 

4229
03:45:41,400 --> 03:45:45,100
Fix problems or talk with the 
Wagon Train Captain about the 

4230
03:45:45,100 --> 03:45:47,800
next course. 
The afternoon, commute was 

4231
03:45:47,808 --> 03:45:49,400
frequently more difficult than 
the morning. 

4232
03:45:49,400 --> 03:45:52,700
One, everybody was starting to 
feel the cumulative weariness of

4233
03:45:52,700 --> 03:45:55,200
weeks on the trail. 
The heat made walking more 

4234
03:45:55,200 --> 03:45:58,600
challenging and the dust kicked 
up by dozens of wagons, created 

4235
03:45:58,600 --> 03:46:01,900
its own weather system. 
Because decision-making was more

4236
03:46:01,900 --> 03:46:04,700
difficult when everyone was 
exhausted hot and possibly 

4237
03:46:04,700 --> 03:46:07,200
irritable. 
This was the time when families 

4238
03:46:07,200 --> 03:46:09,800
truly valued the structure and 
routines, they had established 

4239
03:46:09,800 --> 03:46:13,200
the complicated process of 
setting up camp, came in the 

4240
03:46:13,200 --> 03:46:15,400
evening and families devices 
systems. 

4241
03:46:15,400 --> 03:46:17,700
That struck a balance between 
comfort and efficiency. 

4242
03:46:17,700 --> 03:46:22,000
The best campsites provided 
natural windbreaks drainage to 

4243
03:46:22,000 --> 03:46:25,100
avoid issues in the event of 
nighttime, rain and access to 

4244
03:46:25,100 --> 03:46:27,100
water, fire Fuel and animal 
grazing. 

4245
03:46:28,500 --> 03:46:30,500
With months of practice, 
seasoned Travelers could 

4246
03:46:30,500 --> 03:46:32,500
quickly. 
Assess water quality, where the 

4247
03:46:32,500 --> 03:46:36,000
security, a neighbor proximity 
while of evaluating possible 

4248
03:46:36,000 --> 03:46:39,300
campsite with the help of 
professional Scouts, the 

4249
03:46:39,300 --> 03:46:42,100
atmosphere of the Wagon Train 
would change as the sun sank 

4250
03:46:42,100 --> 03:46:45,600
from the concentrated efficiency
of travel to the more laid back 

4251
03:46:45,600 --> 03:46:47,200
rhythms of Camp life in the 
evening. 

4252
03:46:48,000 --> 03:46:51,200
Fires would start to appear all 
over the camp, cooking smoked 

4253
03:46:51,200 --> 03:46:54,400
would produce its own fragrant 
atmosphere, and the sounds of 

4254
03:46:54,408 --> 03:46:56,500
plodding, oxen, and creaking 
Wagon Wheels. 

4255
03:46:56,500 --> 03:46:58,000
Would give way to 
conversation's. 

4256
03:46:58,000 --> 03:47:01,600
Children playing and the evening
chores that got families ready 

4257
03:47:01,600 --> 03:47:03,000
for another night Under the 
Stars. 

4258
03:47:04,000 --> 03:47:06,500
This daily routine which was 
repeated for months, 

4259
03:47:06,500 --> 03:47:10,100
strengthened Family Ties, and 
produced skills that turned 

4260
03:47:10,100 --> 03:47:13,500
common people into masters of 
animal husbandry outdoor living 

4261
03:47:13,500 --> 03:47:16,600
and Building Homes, wherever 
their wagons halted for the 

4262
03:47:16,600 --> 03:47:19,600
night. 
Imagine attempting to manage a 

4263
03:47:19,600 --> 03:47:22,300
restaurant with a fire pit in 
the kitchen whatever fits in a 

4264
03:47:22,308 --> 03:47:25,200
wooden box for the pantry and 
wherever you can find level 

4265
03:47:25,200 --> 03:47:28,200
ground that isn't too muddy or 
Dusty for the dining area 

4266
03:47:28,200 --> 03:47:30,700
feeding families. 
On the Oregon Trail was a daily 

4267
03:47:30,700 --> 03:47:34,500
reality where mothers developed 
into skilled outdoor cooks and 

4268
03:47:34,500 --> 03:47:37,500
everyone discovered that using 
limited ingredients creatively 

4269
03:47:37,500 --> 03:47:39,800
made the difference between 
meals that lifted people's 

4270
03:47:39,800 --> 03:47:42,500
spirits and meals that served a 
functional purpose. 

4271
03:47:43,400 --> 03:47:46,000
Modern backpacking enthusiasts 
would be impressed by the camp 

4272
03:47:46,000 --> 03:47:49,100
kitchen, which was a Masterwork 
of portability and efficiency. 

4273
03:47:49,100 --> 03:47:52,100
Everything had to be 
multifunctional and compact. 

4274
03:47:53,200 --> 03:47:55,300
Cast iron. 
Dutch oven was used as a general

4275
03:47:55,308 --> 03:47:57,500
cooking pot roasting pan and 
bread Baker. 

4276
03:47:58,200 --> 03:48:00,800
Tin plate served as serving 
platters and cutting boards. 

4277
03:48:00,800 --> 03:48:03,900
In addition to making coffee and
tea coffee pots were 

4278
03:48:03,900 --> 03:48:05,400
occasionally used to cook 
vegetables. 

4279
03:48:05,400 --> 03:48:08,300
While other pots were in use, 
when cooking called, for 

4280
03:48:08,300 --> 03:48:11,000
additional containers, even the 
wooden water buckets were 

4281
03:48:11,000 --> 03:48:14,700
converted into mixing bowls. 
Family spent weeks honing their 

4282
03:48:14,700 --> 03:48:16,700
craft of setting up the evening 
cooking area. 

4283
03:48:16,700 --> 03:48:19,500
No one wanted this sleeping 
space to smell like a barbecue 

4284
03:48:19,500 --> 03:48:22,100
pit all night. 
So the fire had to be oriented 

4285
03:48:22,100 --> 03:48:25,400
to benefit from the prevailing 
winds for both heat distribution

4286
03:48:25,400 --> 03:48:29,500
and smoke detection. 
Flat Stones were used as serving

4287
03:48:29,500 --> 03:48:33,000
areas and countertops and rocks 
were arranged to form pot 

4288
03:48:33,000 --> 03:48:36,200
supports and windscreens. 
As a result, an outdoor kitchen 

4289
03:48:36,200 --> 03:48:39,600
was created, that could use the 
most basic ingredients to create

4290
03:48:39,600 --> 03:48:44,100
surprisingly complex meals. 
Modern Bakers would find the 

4291
03:48:44,100 --> 03:48:46,800
skills needed to make bread on 
the trail, both familiar and 

4292
03:48:46,800 --> 03:48:50,700
difficult like Priceless. 
Heirlooms sourdough starters 

4293
03:48:50,700 --> 03:48:52,600
were maintained with care and 
passed down through the 

4294
03:48:52,600 --> 03:48:55,700
generations. 
Because a healthy starter meant 

4295
03:48:55,700 --> 03:48:59,100
fresh bread, all the way, while 
a dead starter meant months of 

4296
03:48:59,108 --> 03:49:02,900
hardship and disappointment, the
starter lived in jars or crops 

4297
03:49:02,900 --> 03:49:06,000
that traveled in wagons with the
same attention to detail. 

4298
03:49:06,000 --> 03:49:09,800
Typically reserved for fragile, 
China, timing, temperature, and 

4299
03:49:09,800 --> 03:49:13,200
technique had to be precisely 
synchronized when baking bread 

4300
03:49:13,200 --> 03:49:15,900
in a dutch oven, which was 
similar to conducting, a small 

4301
03:49:15,900 --> 03:49:18,500
Orchestra. 
The heavy iron pot was covered 

4302
03:49:18,500 --> 03:49:21,800
with coals, which created an 
oven effect that could result in

4303
03:49:21,800 --> 03:49:26,100
surprisingly light crusty loaves
in order to develop an intuitive

4304
03:49:26,100 --> 03:49:28,500
sense of temperature that would 
be useful in kitchens they would

4305
03:49:28,500 --> 03:49:32,200
construct in Oregon Season Trail
Bakers would hold their hands, 

4306
03:49:32,200 --> 03:49:33,900
close to the coals and count 
slowly. 

4307
03:49:35,100 --> 03:49:37,300
Along the trail. 
There were special opportunities

4308
03:49:37,300 --> 03:49:40,000
and challenges related to meet 
preparation and preservation. 

4309
03:49:40,900 --> 03:49:43,700
Families had to swiftly, 
transform, vast quantities of 

4310
03:49:43,700 --> 03:49:46,200
fresh meat into forms, that 
would keep without 

4311
03:49:46,200 --> 03:49:48,900
Refrigeration, after hunting was
successful. 

4312
03:49:49,700 --> 03:49:52,700
When they were available 
Buffalo, provided roasts stakes 

4313
03:49:52,700 --> 03:49:55,500
and jerky, raw materials that 
could be used for weeks to 

4314
03:49:55,500 --> 03:49:58,700
augment stored supplies. 
The Wagon Train spontaneously 

4315
03:49:58,700 --> 03:50:02,100
celebrated the sharing of fresh 
meat, because butchering large 

4316
03:50:02,100 --> 03:50:05,800
animals was a communal activity.
The daily ritual of preparing, 

4317
03:50:05,800 --> 03:50:09,000
beans demanded patients and 
forethought, which contemporary 

4318
03:50:09,000 --> 03:50:10,400
Cooks may find hard to 
understand. 

4319
03:50:11,600 --> 03:50:14,000
Pots that traveled with the 
wagons were used to soak the 

4320
03:50:14,000 --> 03:50:17,300
dried beans overnight and then 
cook them slowly throughout the 

4321
03:50:17,300 --> 03:50:20,100
day. 
The beans would be flavorful and

4322
03:50:20,100 --> 03:50:23,900
soft by the afternoon, ready to 
be mixed with wild onions. 

4323
03:50:23,900 --> 03:50:27,100
Salt pork or what ever 
vegetables could be picked from 

4324
03:50:27,108 --> 03:50:30,100
the trail. 
A successful pot of beans could 

4325
03:50:30,100 --> 03:50:33,400
provide a family with food for 
days and give them the comfort 

4326
03:50:33,400 --> 03:50:36,200
and protein they needed to get 
through challenging parts of the

4327
03:50:36,200 --> 03:50:39,000
journey. 
Collecting wild food turned into

4328
03:50:39,008 --> 03:50:41,400
a daily routine that 
complemented Provisions that 

4329
03:50:41,400 --> 03:50:45,000
were kept in storage and added 
much needed diversity to diets. 

4330
03:50:45,000 --> 03:50:47,500
That could get boring after 
weeks of the same Staples 

4331
03:50:47,500 --> 03:50:51,100
youngsters, were able to 
recognize wild onions, which 

4332
03:50:51,100 --> 03:50:54,100
gave flavor to bland food and 
contained, vital nutrients that 

4333
03:50:54,100 --> 03:50:57,700
helped ward off scurvy. 
When wild berries were 

4334
03:50:57,700 --> 03:51:01,000
discovered, they were treated 
like Priceless jewels and either

4335
03:51:01,000 --> 03:51:04,000
preserved for special occasions 
or consumed precious treats. 

4336
03:51:04,800 --> 03:51:06,900
Even plants that are now 
regarded as weeds. 

4337
03:51:06,900 --> 03:51:10,000
Like dandelion greens were 
welcomed additions to meals, 

4338
03:51:10,000 --> 03:51:14,400
that mostly consisted of bread 
bacon and beans in part because 

4339
03:51:14,400 --> 03:51:17,800
good coffee was vital to morale.
And in part because the ritual 

4340
03:51:17,800 --> 03:51:19,900
of making coffee offered a 
reassuring routine. 

4341
03:51:21,100 --> 03:51:24,800
In otherwise unpredictable days 
coffee preparation was elevated 

4342
03:51:24,800 --> 03:51:27,900
to an art form on the trail 
families came to favor, various 

4343
03:51:27,900 --> 03:51:30,000
Brewing, grinding and roasting 
methods. 

4344
03:51:30,000 --> 03:51:33,400
While some learned to stretch 
limited resources by combining 

4345
03:51:33,400 --> 03:51:35,200
coffee with chicory or other 
flavoring. 

4346
03:51:35,200 --> 03:51:38,500
Additives that added flavor 
without using up their supplies 

4347
03:51:38,500 --> 03:51:40,500
others. 
Preferred coffee that was strong

4348
03:51:40,500 --> 03:51:43,800
enough to float horseshoes, the 
Social Hub of Camp life was the 

4349
03:51:43,800 --> 03:51:46,900
evening meal when families could
unwind after a long day of 

4350
03:51:46,908 --> 03:51:49,800
travel and concentrate on 
savoring food and conversing, 

4351
03:51:50,500 --> 03:51:53,800
Tables could be made out of 
anything flat such as blanket 

4352
03:51:53,800 --> 03:51:57,700
spread out on the ground boards 
balanced on rocks or wagon 

4353
03:51:57,700 --> 03:52:00,600
tailgates. 
Families upheld meal customs and

4354
03:52:00,608 --> 03:52:02,200
table manners. 
Despite the Primitive 

4355
03:52:02,200 --> 03:52:05,300
surroundings, which helped to 
maintain a sense of normalcy and

4356
03:52:05,300 --> 03:52:07,900
civilization in an otherwise 
chaotic setting. 

4357
03:52:08,900 --> 03:52:11,500
The trails food experiences for 
kids were instructive and 

4358
03:52:11,500 --> 03:52:14,200
constricting. 
They developed taste for wild 

4359
03:52:14,200 --> 03:52:16,000
foods. 
That most modern children never 

4360
03:52:16,000 --> 03:52:19,300
experienced, learn to appreciate
simple Foods, prepared. 

4361
03:52:19,300 --> 03:52:23,400
Well, and realized how much 
effort goes into each meal, not 

4362
03:52:23,400 --> 03:52:25,400
because Trail food was a 
specially tasty. 

4363
03:52:25,400 --> 03:52:28,600
But rather, because it was 
connected to Adventure, family, 

4364
03:52:28,600 --> 03:52:32,100
time around campfires and the 
satisfaction of meals that were 

4365
03:52:32,100 --> 03:52:34,000
genuinely earned through the 
days work. 

4366
03:52:34,000 --> 03:52:37,200
Many kids later, recalled it 
with surprisingly positive 

4367
03:52:37,200 --> 03:52:40,900
feelings, wagon, food storage, 
required ongoing care to avoid 

4368
03:52:40,900 --> 03:52:44,800
pest damage, deterioration and 
contamination from moisture and 

4369
03:52:44,808 --> 03:52:47,900
dust. 
Barrels of flour were sealed and

4370
03:52:47,900 --> 03:52:50,400
periodically inspected for 
moisture damage or Weaver 

4371
03:52:50,400 --> 03:52:53,100
activity. 
The brine used to store salt 

4372
03:52:53,100 --> 03:52:55,200
pork needed to be periodically 
refilled. 

4373
03:52:55,900 --> 03:52:58,700
Containers used for the storage 
of dried goods were designed to 

4374
03:52:58,700 --> 03:53:01,800
keep their contents dry and 
usable for everyday use while 

4375
03:53:01,800 --> 03:53:04,100
withstanding, the frequent 
jarring of whack and travel. 

4376
03:53:05,400 --> 03:53:08,100
After dinner, there was a 
community clean up that bonded 

4377
03:53:08,100 --> 03:53:10,400
families, and got everyone ready
for the challenges of the 

4378
03:53:10,400 --> 03:53:13,100
following day. 
When soap was too valuable to 

4379
03:53:13,100 --> 03:53:16,600
spare sand was used as an 
abrasive in hot water heated, 

4380
03:53:16,600 --> 03:53:18,000
over the campfire to wash 
dishes. 

4381
03:53:18,900 --> 03:53:21,800
Cooking tools were washed dried 
and packed to prevent damage 

4382
03:53:21,800 --> 03:53:24,700
during the night and to ensure 
they were available for meal 

4383
03:53:24,700 --> 03:53:27,700
preparation in the morning. 
The cozy sounds and sense of 

4384
03:53:27,700 --> 03:53:30,500
dozens of small communities, 
celebrating the Tranquil, 

4385
03:53:30,500 --> 03:53:34,000
conclusion of another day on the
trail would permeate the camp as

4386
03:53:34,000 --> 03:53:36,600
families, gathered around their 
fires following evening meals. 

4387
03:53:37,800 --> 03:53:40,000
Despite the challenges and 
uncertainty of the journey. 

4388
03:53:40,000 --> 03:53:43,600
The atmosphere created by the 
smell of coffee would smoke and 

4389
03:53:43,600 --> 03:53:46,000
cooking food offered moments of 
true. 

4390
03:53:46,000 --> 03:53:49,500
Contentment and family closeness
that many people later recalled 

4391
03:53:49,500 --> 03:53:51,200
as some of the happiest times of
their lives. 

4392
03:53:51,200 --> 03:53:55,400
Imagine yourself flying on your 
back in a more stars than you 

4393
03:53:55,400 --> 03:53:58,200
have ever seen in your life. 
There are no streetlights or 

4394
03:53:58,200 --> 03:54:01,300
City Lights. 
Just a huge Dome of sparkling 

4395
03:54:01,300 --> 03:54:04,900
points of light, that makes you 
feel both incredibly small and 

4396
03:54:04,900 --> 03:54:07,500
Incredibly connected to 
something vast and eternal. 

4397
03:54:08,700 --> 03:54:11,400
On the Oregon Trail families, 
learned to find rest and 

4398
03:54:11,400 --> 03:54:13,900
comfort. 
During the time of night in 

4399
03:54:13,900 --> 03:54:16,300
circumstances, that would be 
difficult for even seasoned 

4400
03:54:16,300 --> 03:54:18,800
campers to today. 
One of the biggest changes that 

4401
03:54:18,800 --> 03:54:21,200
families had to make was the 
gradual shift from house 

4402
03:54:21,200 --> 03:54:24,000
sleeping to Wagon sleeping, 
which occurred as they 

4403
03:54:24,000 --> 03:54:27,200
established routines and systems
that made their mobile homes in 

4404
03:54:27,208 --> 03:54:29,200
to passively comfortable places 
to sleep. 

4405
03:54:30,000 --> 03:54:32,800
The interior of a covered wagon 
was about the size of a 

4406
03:54:32,800 --> 03:54:35,700
contemporary walk-in closet, but
it had to provide a family with 

4407
03:54:35,700 --> 03:54:39,600
a bedroom storage and shelter 
during months of travel. 

4408
03:54:39,600 --> 03:54:42,700
And in all types of weather, 
most people didn't realize they 

4409
03:54:42,700 --> 03:54:45,200
had the engineering skills 
necessary to create sleeping 

4410
03:54:45,200 --> 03:54:47,900
Arrangements. 
If there were mattresses at all,

4411
03:54:47,900 --> 03:54:50,800
they were typically made of 
feather ticks or straw, which 

4412
03:54:50,800 --> 03:54:52,800
could be replaced with new 
materials as needed. 

4413
03:54:52,800 --> 03:54:56,200
More often families made 
Sleeping surfaces out of 

4414
03:54:56,208 --> 03:54:59,600
blankets, quilts and whatever 
padding they could arrange out 

4415
03:54:59,600 --> 03:55:03,000
of soft items like clothing. 
The objective was to use 

4416
03:55:03,000 --> 03:55:06,300
materials, that could be readily
packed and rearranged every day 

4417
03:55:06,300 --> 03:55:09,200
to provide enough cushioning to 
make sleeping on hard work and 

4418
03:55:09,200 --> 03:55:11,300
Floors. 
Bearable children, sleeping 

4419
03:55:11,300 --> 03:55:13,800
Arrangements, frequently 
required the most Ingenuity 

4420
03:55:13,800 --> 03:55:17,100
because their developing bodies 
required more rest than adults. 

4421
03:55:17,100 --> 03:55:20,700
But small spaces could not 
accommodate everyone in flat at 

4422
03:55:20,700 --> 03:55:23,300
once. 
Family established a rangements 

4423
03:55:23,300 --> 03:55:27,000
in which, in favorable weather 
children, slept in hammocks hung

4424
03:55:27,000 --> 03:55:30,100
from the wagon barrels, or in 
which younger children slept 

4425
03:55:30,100 --> 03:55:33,000
crosswise at the wagons foot. 
While parents, slept lengthwise 

4426
03:55:34,300 --> 03:55:36,700
To make the most of the vertical
space within the whacking. 

4427
03:55:36,700 --> 03:55:40,800
Cover some families constructed,
sleeping shells, families. 

4428
03:55:40,800 --> 03:55:43,400
Nightly sleeping Arrangements 
were greatly influenced by the 

4429
03:55:43,400 --> 03:55:45,700
weather. 
Many people prefer to sleep 

4430
03:55:45,700 --> 03:55:48,700
outside under the stars, when 
the weather was nice taking 

4431
03:55:48,700 --> 03:55:51,200
advantage of the space and fresh
air that came with sleeping 

4432
03:55:51,200 --> 03:55:54,100
outside while also using the 
wagon for storage and weather 

4433
03:55:54,100 --> 03:55:57,300
protection around the dying. 
Campfire, families would set up 

4434
03:55:57,300 --> 03:55:59,900
their bedrolls so that they were
close enough to enjoy the last 

4435
03:55:59,900 --> 03:56:03,200
of the warmth, but far enough 
away to keep smoke and Sparks 

4436
03:56:03,200 --> 03:56:05,800
out. 
Along the trail, the Bedtime 

4437
03:56:05,800 --> 03:56:08,800
ritual developed into a 
treasured family, custom that 

4438
03:56:08,800 --> 03:56:11,200
offered security and solace in a
setting that was otherwise 

4439
03:56:11,200 --> 03:56:14,600
undergoing constant change. 
They would gather the children 

4440
03:56:14,600 --> 03:56:17,600
from their evening play. 
Wash their hands and faces with 

4441
03:56:17,600 --> 03:56:21,500
precious water and say prayers, 
which frequently included asking

4442
03:56:21,500 --> 03:56:24,400
for protection for the night 
ahead and expressing gratitude 

4443
03:56:24,400 --> 03:56:27,700
for the day's safe travel. 
While adjusting to the 

4444
03:56:27,700 --> 03:56:30,800
particulars of Trail life. 
These routines helped families. 

4445
03:56:30,800 --> 03:56:33,900
Stay connected to their home. 
Traditions families used 

4446
03:56:33,900 --> 03:56:36,100
Innovative combinations of 
canvas screens. 

4447
03:56:36,100 --> 03:56:39,100
Well, placed wagons, an 
Unwritten agreements about 

4448
03:56:39,100 --> 03:56:42,400
respecting one another's needs 
for personal space to deal with 

4449
03:56:42,400 --> 03:56:46,200
the ongoing problem of privacy 
bathing changing clothes and 

4450
03:56:46,200 --> 03:56:49,300
other personal tasks required 
preparation and collaboration, 

4451
03:56:49,300 --> 03:56:52,900
which strained everyone's 
patience and flexibility while 

4452
03:56:52,900 --> 03:56:56,400
strengthening Family Ties. 
There was a certain atmosphere 

4453
03:56:56,400 --> 03:56:58,300
created by the sounds of a 
wagon. 

4454
03:56:58,300 --> 03:57:01,000
Train going to sleep. 
The night would be filled with 

4455
03:57:01,000 --> 03:57:04,900
the sounds of settling animals 
distant, coyote calls, and the 

4456
03:57:04,900 --> 03:57:08,800
soft creaking of wagon covers in
evening, breezes as fire 

4457
03:57:08,800 --> 03:57:13,100
subsided and conversations 
cooled, These sounds which at 

4458
03:57:13,100 --> 03:57:15,900
first frightened, those used to 
sleeping indoors, eventually 

4459
03:57:15,900 --> 03:57:18,900
grew reassuring and recognizable
and nighttime. 

4460
03:57:18,900 --> 03:57:22,400
Symphony that symbolized 
security, cameras artery and the

4461
03:57:22,400 --> 03:57:25,900
prospect of another days 
advancement toward Oregon, In 

4462
03:57:25,900 --> 03:57:27,900
order to regulate the 
temperature in the sleeping 

4463
03:57:27,900 --> 03:57:30,300
quarters of wagons layering 
techniques. 

4464
03:57:30,300 --> 03:57:32,700
That would appeal to 
contemporary outdoor Enthusiast 

4465
03:57:32,700 --> 03:57:35,500
when necessary families 
discovered, how to modify their 

4466
03:57:35,500 --> 03:57:37,200
sleeping plans. 
According to the weather, 

4467
03:57:37,200 --> 03:57:40,000
putting on, or taking off, 
layers of clothing, and blankets

4468
03:57:40,000 --> 03:57:43,500
to stay warm during nights that 
could start out warm and end in 

4469
03:57:43,508 --> 03:57:46,800
Frost or start out warm and turn
into storms, that put the 

4470
03:57:46,800 --> 03:57:50,400
waterproofing of wagon covers to
the test for wagon sleepers, 

4471
03:57:50,400 --> 03:57:53,900
rain posed unique difficulties 
because although the canvas 

4472
03:57:53,900 --> 03:57:56,200
covers were reasonably 
waterproof when they were first 

4473
03:57:56,200 --> 03:58:00,000
installed weeks of exposure to 
the sun, wind, and weather calls

4474
03:58:00,000 --> 03:58:03,300
leaks and weak spots to form 
families, discovered, how to 

4475
03:58:03,300 --> 03:58:06,100
determine which parts of their 
wagon covers were most prone to 

4476
03:58:06,100 --> 03:58:09,400
leak, arranging sleeping 
quarters to prevent drips, while

4477
03:58:09,400 --> 03:58:12,700
maintaining the dryness of 
necessary items in order to 

4478
03:58:12,700 --> 03:58:15,900
divert water away from sleeping 
areas during storms, some 

4479
03:58:15,900 --> 03:58:19,300
families created complex systems
of internal tops and channels. 

4480
03:58:20,200 --> 03:58:23,500
Trail sleeping, psychological 
components were just as crucial 

4481
03:58:23,500 --> 03:58:26,700
as its logistical components, 
those who had always slept in 

4482
03:58:26,700 --> 03:58:29,300
permanent buildings had to get 
used to the constant movement, 

4483
03:58:29,300 --> 03:58:33,000
the strange noises and the 
realization that they were only 

4484
03:58:33,000 --> 03:58:35,000
a thin canvas away from the 
wild. 

4485
03:58:36,400 --> 03:58:38,900
While adults, occasionally found
it difficult to cope with the 

4486
03:58:38,908 --> 03:58:41,800
vulnerability and exposure. 
That came with sleeping outside,

4487
03:58:41,800 --> 03:58:45,000
children frequently found this 
to be exciting rather than 

4488
03:58:45,000 --> 03:58:49,700
frightening. 
Around 4:30 a.m. the camp began 

4489
03:58:49,700 --> 03:58:52,800
to come alive, and the trail 
gradually began to wake up. 

4490
03:58:52,800 --> 03:58:56,500
Usually the first sounds with a 
soft movements of early risers 

4491
03:58:56,500 --> 03:58:59,500
checking on livestock and 
someone rekindling cooking fires

4492
03:58:59,500 --> 03:59:03,000
because the days journey would 
soon begin and everyone needed 

4493
03:59:03,000 --> 03:59:05,600
to be prepared to break camp and
depart with the Wagon Train 

4494
03:59:05,600 --> 03:59:07,700
families. 
Learn to wake up quietly and 

4495
03:59:07,700 --> 03:59:11,100
effectively every morning, 
regardless of the weather or 

4496
03:59:11,100 --> 03:59:13,200
time constraints bedding had to 
be aired. 

4497
03:59:13,200 --> 03:59:16,900
Dried and repacked this daily 
practice became as important as 

4498
03:59:16,900 --> 03:59:19,600
feeding the animals or making 
breakfast because damp bedding 

4499
03:59:19,600 --> 03:59:22,100
could result in mold sickness 
and sleepless nights. 

4500
03:59:23,000 --> 03:59:25,600
Families, devised effective 
bedding, handling procedures 

4501
03:59:25,600 --> 03:59:29,000
that save time and guaranteed 
that everything would be cozy 

4502
03:59:29,000 --> 03:59:31,600
and dry for the following 
night's sleep water, 

4503
03:59:31,600 --> 03:59:34,300
availability and privacy, 
concerns, limited personal 

4504
03:59:34,300 --> 03:59:37,300
hygiene before bed. 
But family stuck to whatever 

4505
03:59:37,300 --> 03:59:39,900
routines they could washing 
one's face. 

4506
03:59:39,900 --> 03:59:42,900
And hands was commonplace when 
water was available and 

4507
03:59:42,900 --> 03:59:45,100
families. 
Frequently saved a little heated

4508
03:59:45,100 --> 03:59:47,700
water from cooking in the 
evening for washing before bed, 

4509
03:59:47,700 --> 03:59:50,800
which was both hygienic and 
psychologically soothing. 

4510
03:59:51,600 --> 03:59:54,300
Nighttime security, measures 
mirrored, the realities of 

4511
03:59:54,300 --> 03:59:56,700
traversing areas where there 
could be threats from both 

4512
03:59:56,700 --> 04:00:00,300
people and animals when 
necessary Wagon Train Set up 

4513
04:00:00,300 --> 04:00:03,000
defensive circles with guards 
stationed. 

4514
04:00:03,000 --> 04:00:04,800
To keep an eye out for issues 
and livestock. 

4515
04:00:04,800 --> 04:00:07,700
Kept inside families were able 
to share the Comforts and 

4516
04:00:07,700 --> 04:00:10,400
difficulties of Trail life in 
small intimate camping 

4517
04:00:10,400 --> 04:00:13,500
communities while, still having 
physical security, thanks to 

4518
04:00:13,508 --> 04:00:16,800
these Arrangements. families 
were engaging in one of 

4519
04:00:16,800 --> 04:00:20,200
Humanity's oldest practices 
creating shelter and finding 

4520
04:00:20,200 --> 04:00:23,500
rest in makeshift locations 
during lengthy travels as they 

4521
04:00:23,500 --> 04:00:26,500
formed their sleeping 
Arrangements, each night The 

4522
04:00:26,500 --> 04:00:29,100
knowledge and memories they 
acquired during these late hours

4523
04:00:29,100 --> 04:00:32,200
were incorporated into family. 
Tales that would be passed down 

4524
04:00:32,200 --> 04:00:34,900
through the generations, 
introducing children, and 

4525
04:00:34,900 --> 04:00:38,300
grandchildren to the spirit of 
Adventure and tenacity, that 

4526
04:00:38,300 --> 04:00:41,800
drove their forefathers across 
the continent in pursuit of New 

4527
04:00:41,800 --> 04:00:45,300
Opportunities and homes. 
This part of our story will make

4528
04:00:45,300 --> 04:00:47,800
you appreciate modern 
conveniences, like hospitals, 

4529
04:00:47,800 --> 04:00:51,100
weather forecasts, and the 
ability to call for help when 

4530
04:00:51,100 --> 04:00:53,800
things go wrong. 
So settle down a little more in 

4531
04:00:53,800 --> 04:00:56,800
your cozy bed, families were put
to the test in ways they could 

4532
04:00:56,808 --> 04:00:59,400
never have predicted back in 
their cozy, homes along the 

4533
04:00:59,400 --> 04:01:02,600
Oregon Trail, which was more 
than just a picturesque route 

4534
04:01:02,600 --> 04:01:04,100
through breathtaking 
Countryside. 

4535
04:01:05,100 --> 04:01:08,000
The most dramatic and perilous 
obstacles that families had to 

4536
04:01:08,000 --> 04:01:09,800
deal with. 
Were probably River Crossings 

4537
04:01:09,800 --> 04:01:13,000
which turn tranquil streams into
barriers that could quickly 

4538
04:01:13,000 --> 04:01:15,700
endanger lives or destroy 
everything, a family owned 

4539
04:01:16,400 --> 04:01:18,800
Unlike the Meandering Rivers. 
You might pad on a weekend 

4540
04:01:18,800 --> 04:01:21,700
camping trip, the rivers, that 
crossed the Oregon Trail were 

4541
04:01:21,700 --> 04:01:25,500
frequently, Swift deep and 
erratic capable of rising 

4542
04:01:25,500 --> 04:01:28,600
overnight as a result of distant
storms or seasonal, snowmelt. 

4543
04:01:29,300 --> 04:01:32,100
The entire Community would stop.
When a wagon train arrived at 

4544
04:01:32,100 --> 04:01:35,300
significant River Crossing 
allowing, seasoned travelers to 

4545
04:01:35,300 --> 04:01:38,300
evaluate the situation and 
determine the best course of 

4546
04:01:38,300 --> 04:01:40,900
action. 
Why can be used to cross some of

4547
04:01:40,908 --> 04:01:43,400
the crossings. 
So careful, reconnaissance was 

4548
04:01:43,400 --> 04:01:46,900
needed to identify the safest 
shallowest paths, across Rocky, 

4549
04:01:46,900 --> 04:01:50,200
or Sandy Bottoms. 
Even successful Crossing's 

4550
04:01:50,200 --> 04:01:54,000
frequently resulted in wagons 
becoming stuck tiping or 

4551
04:01:54,000 --> 04:01:56,400
absorbing water that could 
destroy months worth of 

4552
04:01:56,400 --> 04:01:58,500
supplies. 
So, families would take 

4553
04:01:58,500 --> 04:02:01,500
everything valuable out of their
wagons and carry it to cross 

4554
04:02:01,500 --> 04:02:04,400
separately. 
Other rivers required ferrying. 

4555
04:02:05,000 --> 04:02:08,000
A process that combined the cost
of paying Ferry operators with 

4556
04:02:08,000 --> 04:02:10,700
the stress of entrusting, your 
whole household to a boat or 

4557
04:02:10,700 --> 04:02:14,200
raft run by strangers, whose 
main qualification was that they

4558
04:02:14,200 --> 04:02:17,700
owned watercraft, rather than 
necessarily knowing how to use 

4559
04:02:17,700 --> 04:02:20,900
it safely in the hopes that 
everyone would be safely 

4560
04:02:20,900 --> 04:02:24,200
reunited on the other side. 
Families would watch as their 

4561
04:02:24,200 --> 04:02:27,300
valuable wagons animals and 
belongings vanished across 

4562
04:02:27,300 --> 04:02:30,300
perilous water. 
Even seasoned Travelers were 

4563
04:02:30,300 --> 04:02:32,700
taken aback by how quickly the 
weather on the planes could 

4564
04:02:32,708 --> 04:02:35,700
change from Pleasant to 
dangerous in the open Prairie. 

4565
04:02:35,700 --> 04:02:38,100
Thunderstorms were not like 
those most families had 

4566
04:02:38,100 --> 04:02:40,400
encountered in their settled or 
wooded home areas. 

4567
04:02:41,100 --> 04:02:44,100
Prairie storms, which could 
scatter livestock flood, 

4568
04:02:44,100 --> 04:02:47,700
campsite, and turn, wagon covers
into ineffective, umbrellas that

4569
04:02:47,700 --> 04:02:50,800
offered little protection from 
horizontal, rain appeared, like 

4570
04:02:50,800 --> 04:02:54,400
freight trains of rain hail and 
lightning because there were no 

4571
04:02:54,400 --> 04:02:56,100
trees or structures to break the
wind. 

4572
04:02:57,000 --> 04:02:59,000
Because they could quickly 
destroy months worth of 

4573
04:02:59,000 --> 04:03:01,900
carefully stored, Food Supplies 
and pose a risk of injury to 

4574
04:03:01,900 --> 04:03:04,000
humans. 
And animals with ice chunks, the

4575
04:03:04,000 --> 04:03:06,700
size of chicken eggs. 
Hail storms were specially 

4576
04:03:06,700 --> 04:03:09,400
destructive. 
Even seasoned Travelers could be

4577
04:03:09,400 --> 04:03:12,100
caught off guard by storms that 
formed more quickly than they 

4578
04:03:12,100 --> 04:03:14,900
could be evacuated. 
Even though families learned to 

4579
04:03:14,900 --> 04:03:18,100
identify the warning signs of 
severe weather and created, 

4580
04:03:18,100 --> 04:03:21,200
emergency, protocols to protect 
themselves and their belongings 

4581
04:03:21,200 --> 04:03:24,400
as Waters dried up and 
temperatures Rose above what 

4582
04:03:24,400 --> 04:03:26,300
most families had ever 
experienced. 

4583
04:03:26,900 --> 04:03:29,200
Heat waves and droughts 
presented distinct. 

4584
04:03:29,200 --> 04:03:32,900
But equally severe difficulties 
making travel into a battle for 

4585
04:03:32,900 --> 04:03:36,100
survival. 
Extreme heat caused terrible 

4586
04:03:36,100 --> 04:03:39,100
suffering for oxen and other 
draft animals, and their 

4587
04:03:39,100 --> 04:03:40,700
suffering. 
Put families ability to travel 

4588
04:03:40,700 --> 04:03:43,200
at risk. 
When it was feasible, people 

4589
04:03:43,200 --> 04:03:46,100
learned to travel at night when 
it was cooler but this led to 

4590
04:03:46,100 --> 04:03:49,300
new navigational challenges and 
a higher chance of accidents in 

4591
04:03:49,300 --> 04:03:52,600
the dark. 
Since medical assistants was 

4592
04:03:52,600 --> 04:03:56,000
frequently, hundreds of miles 
away and folk remedies had to be

4593
04:03:56,000 --> 04:03:59,300
used in place of Professional 
Medical Care illness on the 

4594
04:03:59,300 --> 04:04:03,000
trail was every family's worst. 
Nightmare the most dreaded 

4595
04:04:03,000 --> 04:04:06,300
disease was cholera which killed
healthy adults, within days of 

4596
04:04:06,300 --> 04:04:09,900
the onset of symptoms and spread
quickly through wagon, trains in

4597
04:04:09,900 --> 04:04:11,700
communities with Doc, doctors 
and adequate. 

4598
04:04:11,700 --> 04:04:14,400
Medical supplies. 
Families would witness friends 

4599
04:04:14,400 --> 04:04:16,200
and neighbors pass away from 
illnesses. 

4600
04:04:16,200 --> 04:04:20,000
That could have been prevented 
from injuries from Falls Animal 

4601
04:04:20,000 --> 04:04:23,800
kicks or mishaps with cooking 
fires and tools to digestive 

4602
04:04:23,800 --> 04:04:25,600
issues brought on by changes in 
diet. 

4603
04:04:25,600 --> 04:04:28,800
And water children were a 
specialty susceptible to the 

4604
04:04:28,800 --> 04:04:32,800
health hazards of Trail Life, as
a result of necessity parents 

4605
04:04:32,800 --> 04:04:36,800
learned, how to treat wounds set
broken bones and distinguish 

4606
04:04:36,800 --> 04:04:39,600
between symptoms that needed to 
be treated right away and those 

4607
04:04:39,600 --> 04:04:41,900
that can be handled with rest 
and simple cures. 

4608
04:04:42,700 --> 04:04:45,400
When replacement parts weren't 
available and the closest 

4609
04:04:45,400 --> 04:04:48,700
blacksmith was weeks away, 
equipment failures could turn a 

4610
04:04:48,700 --> 04:04:50,500
small annoyance into a serious 
emergency. 

4611
04:04:50,500 --> 04:04:54,600
Common issues, included, broken 
Wagon Wheels, deteriorated axles

4612
04:04:54,600 --> 04:04:57,700
and harness failures, all of 
which needed inventive fixes 

4613
04:04:57,700 --> 04:04:59,300
made. 
With whatever resources were on 

4614
04:04:59,300 --> 04:05:02,500
hand families, learned how to 
fix nearly anything using rope 

4615
04:05:02,500 --> 04:05:06,100
wire would scraps. 
And desperate Ingenuity becoming

4616
04:05:06,100 --> 04:05:10,100
a depth at makeshift repairs. 
Because animals were both a 

4617
04:05:10,100 --> 04:05:12,500
major Financial investment. 
And a means of transportation 

4618
04:05:12,500 --> 04:05:15,900
that many families couldn't 
afford to replace the loss of 

4619
04:05:15,900 --> 04:05:19,900
livestock was, especially 
devastating overworked illness, 

4620
04:05:19,900 --> 04:05:23,300
poisonous plants or wounds that 
could have been healed with the 

4621
04:05:23,308 --> 04:05:26,000
right Veterinary Care where the 
causes of oxen's deaths. 

4622
04:05:26,800 --> 04:05:29,300
Families were forced to make the
difficult decisions of trying to

4623
04:05:29,308 --> 04:05:32,100
buy replacement animals from 
other Travelers at exorbitant 

4624
04:05:32,100 --> 04:05:35,200
prices or leaving behind 
belonging to continue with 

4625
04:05:35,200 --> 04:05:37,400
smaller teams. 
When drafted animals were lost, 

4626
04:05:38,600 --> 04:05:41,500
His hunting grew less successful
and stored supplies around low 

4627
04:05:41,500 --> 04:05:45,200
food, shortages, progressively 
emerged forcing families, to 

4628
04:05:45,200 --> 04:05:47,800
make more challenging choices, 
regarding resource allocation 

4629
04:05:47,800 --> 04:05:50,500
and rationing. 
In order for adults to have the 

4630
04:05:50,500 --> 04:05:53,400
strength to handle, the wagons 
and animals children may go 

4631
04:05:53,400 --> 04:05:56,600
without food families would 
exchange valuables for food from

4632
04:05:56,600 --> 04:05:59,600
other Travelers, or try 
desperately to collect wild 

4633
04:05:59,600 --> 04:06:01,600
foods that could offer vital 
nourishment. 

4634
04:06:02,300 --> 04:06:05,200
On a path where Landmark 
recognition was the main means 

4635
04:06:05,200 --> 04:06:08,400
of navigation and weather could 
block out familiar features for 

4636
04:06:08,400 --> 04:06:11,600
days at a time. 
Getting lost was a constant 

4637
04:06:11,600 --> 04:06:13,300
worry. 
Wagon. 

4638
04:06:13,300 --> 04:06:15,500
Trains, that made incorrect 
turns, could end up in places 

4639
04:06:15,500 --> 04:06:19,500
without water, enough grass for 
animals or practical paths for 

4640
04:06:19,500 --> 04:06:23,400
wagons carrying a lot of cargo. 
Within Wagon, Train communities,

4641
04:06:23,400 --> 04:06:26,300
Family Ties, and Leadership 
structures were put to the test 

4642
04:06:26,300 --> 04:06:29,700
by the cycleogical strain of 
getting lost and the Practical 

4643
04:06:29,700 --> 04:06:31,700
difficulty of figuring out the 
right path. 

4644
04:06:32,400 --> 04:06:35,200
Wagon Train disputes led to 
emotional and social suffering 

4645
04:06:35,200 --> 04:06:37,200
that was frequently more 
difficult to handle Than 

4646
04:06:37,200 --> 04:06:40,500
Physical difficulties. 
Under the pressure of daily 

4647
04:06:40,500 --> 04:06:43,500
travel and group 
decision-making, personalities 

4648
04:06:43,500 --> 04:06:45,900
that appeared to get along well,
during the journeys, planing 

4649
04:06:45,900 --> 04:06:49,300
stages made drastically. 
Diverge wagon trains may be 

4650
04:06:49,300 --> 04:06:52,000
divided into rival groups that 
offered less security and 

4651
04:06:52,000 --> 04:06:54,500
support to one another due to 
disagreements. 

4652
04:06:54,500 --> 04:06:58,300
Over leadership, resource 
sharing travel speed and Route 

4653
04:06:58,300 --> 04:07:01,700
choice. 
Most families to adjust, get 

4654
04:07:01,700 --> 04:07:04,900
past and keep going in the 
direction of Oregon in spite of 

4655
04:07:04,900 --> 04:07:08,900
all these obstacles. when they 
finally arrived at their 

4656
04:07:08,900 --> 04:07:11,800
destination and face, the 
difficulty of starting over in 

4657
04:07:11,800 --> 04:07:15,400
Uncharted Territory, the 
survival skills and Family Ties,

4658
04:07:15,400 --> 04:07:17,500
they developed during their 
shared struggles, were 

4659
04:07:17,500 --> 04:07:21,300
invaluable, Families ability to 
bounce back from adversity on 

4660
04:07:21,300 --> 04:07:24,700
the trail became a part of their
Pioneer Heritage and family, 

4661
04:07:24,700 --> 04:07:28,500
identity, resulting entails of 
tenacity and resourcefulness. 

4662
04:07:28,500 --> 04:07:31,000
That would be passed down 
through generations of 

4663
04:07:31,008 --> 04:07:34,100
descendants, who might never 
fully comprehend, how their 

4664
04:07:34,100 --> 04:07:36,600
ancestors overcame such 
incredible obstacles. 

4665
04:07:36,600 --> 04:07:40,600
With such limited resources. 
Think about the neighborhoods, 

4666
04:07:40,600 --> 04:07:43,500
you might encounter on your 
daily commute from Amy mobile 

4667
04:07:43,500 --> 04:07:46,500
store, owners to traveling, 
entertainers to people whose 

4668
04:07:46,500 --> 04:07:50,300
entire lifestyle was entirely 
different from your own, This 

4669
04:07:50,300 --> 04:07:53,600
was the social reality of the 
Oregon Trail, where families 

4670
04:07:53,600 --> 04:07:56,400
came across a remarkable array 
of individuals, cultures and 

4671
04:07:56,400 --> 04:07:59,700
circumstances that expanded 
their worldview beyond, what 

4672
04:07:59,700 --> 04:08:02,100
could have been discovered 
through, reading or conversation

4673
04:08:02,100 --> 04:08:05,400
at home because the reality was 
much more complicated and 

4674
04:08:05,400 --> 04:08:08,800
generally more tranquil than the
dramatic tales that later gained

4675
04:08:08,800 --> 04:08:12,300
popularity in books and films, 
Native, American encounters were

4676
04:08:12,300 --> 04:08:15,300
among the most important and 
misinterpreted aspects of Trail 

4677
04:08:15,300 --> 04:08:17,700
life. 
Wagon trains and Native 

4678
04:08:17,700 --> 04:08:21,200
Americans interacted primarily 
on a commercial basis with both 

4679
04:08:21,200 --> 04:08:23,000
parties benefiting from Trading 
Goods. 

4680
04:08:23,000 --> 04:08:26,200
That each group had in excess 
for Necessities, informally 

4681
04:08:26,200 --> 04:08:28,800
acting as guides, Native 
Americans frequently. 

4682
04:08:28,800 --> 04:08:32,400
Provided information about water
sources, safe River, Crossings 

4683
04:08:32,400 --> 04:08:35,300
and the terrain ahead which 
could help wagon. 

4684
04:08:35,300 --> 04:08:38,900
Trains, avoid hazardous areas 
will save days of arduous travel

4685
04:08:39,800 --> 04:08:42,700
Usually native people's would 
trade this information for food 

4686
04:08:42,700 --> 04:08:46,000
manufactured goods or other 
Commodities that they valued. 

4687
04:08:46,700 --> 04:08:48,500
Families. 
Learned about Advanced cultures 

4688
04:08:48,500 --> 04:08:51,500
that had been successful 
occupying in governing the 

4689
04:08:51,500 --> 04:08:54,100
western territories for many 
generations as a result of these

4690
04:08:54,100 --> 04:08:56,400
encounters. 
The resulting trading 

4691
04:08:56,400 --> 04:08:59,200
Partnerships were frequently 
cordial and advantageous to both

4692
04:08:59,200 --> 04:09:02,200
parties. 
In return for coffee, sugar, or 

4693
04:09:02,200 --> 04:09:04,800
manufactured goods. 
Like Fabric or metal tools, 

4694
04:09:04,800 --> 04:09:08,200
Native Americans, may offer 
fresh meat vegetables or other 

4695
04:09:08,200 --> 04:09:10,300
Foods. 
During these interactions 

4696
04:09:10,300 --> 04:09:12,600
children from both cultures 
would occasionally play 

4697
04:09:12,600 --> 04:09:15,400
together, sharing games and 
showing interest in one 

4698
04:09:15,400 --> 04:09:18,300
another's, cultures, despite 
communication difficulties 

4699
04:09:18,300 --> 04:09:20,500
caused by language barriers 
wagon. 

4700
04:09:20,500 --> 04:09:24,200
Trains were given the chance to 
rest resupply and learn about 

4701
04:09:24,200 --> 04:09:27,700
the conditions that lay ahead 
during 14 counters which also 

4702
04:09:27,700 --> 04:09:30,500
offered them, a fleeting return 
to a more civilized society. 

4703
04:09:31,700 --> 04:09:34,600
The trail was interspersed with 
military Forts and trading 

4704
04:09:34,600 --> 04:09:37,900
posts, which made them 
invaluable oecs where families 

4705
04:09:37,900 --> 04:09:40,600
could buy supplies. 
They had run out of right to 

4706
04:09:40,600 --> 04:09:43,900
family in the United States and 
receive news from both sides. 

4707
04:09:44,700 --> 04:09:47,800
Families might come across, 
Mexican Traders, French fur, 

4708
04:09:47,800 --> 04:09:50,400
Trappers military personnel, 
from different ethnic 

4709
04:09:50,400 --> 04:09:52,500
backgrounds and other Travelers 
traveling. 

4710
04:09:52,500 --> 04:09:55,600
In both directions across the 
continent at these forts, which 

4711
04:09:55,600 --> 04:09:57,500
were cultural and National 
melting pots. 

4712
04:09:58,900 --> 04:10:01,300
Families. 
Found education about the wider 

4713
04:10:01,300 --> 04:10:04,300
world at the stops to be both 
fascinating, and occasionally 

4714
04:10:04,300 --> 04:10:06,700
overwhelming. 
As the diversity of people, 

4715
04:10:06,700 --> 04:10:08,500
there was frequently greater 
than anything. 

4716
04:10:08,500 --> 04:10:11,300
They had encountered back home 
families, who came across 

4717
04:10:11,300 --> 04:10:14,100
mountain men, fur Trappers 
along, the trail were captivated

4718
04:10:14,100 --> 04:10:17,200
and occasionally taken aback by 
the entirely different way of 

4719
04:10:17,208 --> 04:10:19,400
life. 
They represented these men 

4720
04:10:19,400 --> 04:10:22,900
appeared Belong To Nature than 
to civilized society because 

4721
04:10:22,900 --> 04:10:25,300
they had adapted to Wilderness 
life so thoroughly. 

4722
04:10:26,600 --> 04:10:28,900
Although they were in cyclopedic
in their knowledge of 

4723
04:10:28,900 --> 04:10:32,000
wilderness, resources, 
navigation and survival. 

4724
04:10:32,000 --> 04:10:35,800
Tactics years of isolation had 
frequently, eroded their social 

4725
04:10:35,800 --> 04:10:38,900
skills. 
In exchange for supplies or cash

4726
04:10:38,900 --> 04:10:42,100
some mountain men worked as 
whacking trained guides offering

4727
04:10:42,100 --> 04:10:45,400
their invaluable knowledge of 
river crossing route selection 

4728
04:10:45,400 --> 04:10:49,100
and Hazard avoidance. 
The tales of Explorations 

4729
04:10:49,100 --> 04:10:52,600
discoveries and near misses 
entertained campfires in the 

4730
04:10:52,600 --> 04:10:54,900
evenings and their real world 
expertise. 

4731
04:10:54,900 --> 04:10:58,200
Assisted families in avoiding 
hazards and locating resources, 

4732
04:10:58,200 --> 04:11:01,300
they might have otherwise 
overlooked the daily routine of 

4733
04:11:01,300 --> 04:11:04,000
traveling with their own wagon. 
Train companions was broken up 

4734
04:11:04,000 --> 04:11:07,800
by the opportunities for social 
interaction Supply, trading and 

4735
04:11:07,800 --> 04:11:10,800
news exchange created by other 
immigrant families traveling, in

4736
04:11:10,800 --> 04:11:14,000
different directions. 
Families traveling back East 

4737
04:11:14,000 --> 04:11:17,100
either because they had made the
decision to stop or because they

4738
04:11:17,100 --> 04:11:19,500
had finished their journey and 
were going back to see family 

4739
04:11:19,500 --> 04:11:22,500
offered important information 
about the travel conditions and 

4740
04:11:22,500 --> 04:11:24,500
what to anticipate when they 
arrived in Oregon. 

4741
04:11:25,300 --> 04:11:27,300
These interactions with 
returning tourists were 

4742
04:11:27,300 --> 04:11:30,000
specially crucial for families 
who were starting to 

4743
04:11:30,000 --> 04:11:31,900
second-guess their choice? 
To leave the country. 

4744
04:11:32,800 --> 04:11:36,300
During challenging parts of the 
trip here in first-hand reports 

4745
04:11:36,300 --> 04:11:40,000
of Oregon's opportunities, land,
availability and successful 

4746
04:11:40,000 --> 04:11:41,800
settlement helped. 
Keep Spirits high. 

4747
04:11:41,800 --> 04:11:45,400
On the other hand learning about
mistakes, setbacks or 

4748
04:11:45,400 --> 04:11:48,700
unforeseen, difficulties helped 
families psychologically, get 

4749
04:11:48,700 --> 04:11:52,000
ready for potential realities as
diverse and Unforgettable. 

4750
04:11:52,000 --> 04:11:55,200
As the human experiences were, 
the animal encounters on the 

4751
04:11:55,200 --> 04:11:58,100
Oregon Trail Range from 
dangerous circumstances that put

4752
04:11:58,100 --> 04:12:01,600
families capacity to defend 
themselves and their livestock 

4753
04:12:01,600 --> 04:12:04,500
to the test to breathtaking 
Wildlife viewing opportunities. 

4754
04:12:04,500 --> 04:12:08,000
Buffalo herds were one of the 
most amazing sights that 

4755
04:12:08,000 --> 04:12:11,500
families would ever see hundreds
of animals, stretching to the 

4756
04:12:11,508 --> 04:12:15,400
Horizon producing their own 
sound effects with the rumble of

4757
04:12:15,400 --> 04:12:18,700
thousands of hooves and their 
own weather systems with the 

4758
04:12:18,700 --> 04:12:21,800
dust they raised. 
Well, though, hunting Buffalo 

4759
04:12:21,800 --> 04:12:24,900
produced enough meat to sustain 
a wagon train for several days? 

4760
04:12:24,900 --> 04:12:28,300
It also required skills that 
most immigrants had to pick up 

4761
04:12:28,300 --> 04:12:30,900
from more seasoned Hunters while
they were on the trail. 

4762
04:12:31,700 --> 04:12:35,400
In addition, to uniting, Wagon, 
Train members the communal task 

4763
04:12:35,400 --> 04:12:38,100
of butchering. 
Such massive animals taught 

4764
04:12:38,100 --> 04:12:41,600
important lessons, about 
cooperation resource sharing and

4765
04:12:41,600 --> 04:12:44,500
food preservation that would 
benefit families once they 

4766
04:12:44,500 --> 04:12:47,500
arrived at their destinations, 
although they were less frequent

4767
04:12:47,500 --> 04:12:49,800
than the media. 
Made them seem Predator. 

4768
04:12:49,800 --> 04:12:53,200
Encounters did happen and forced
families to come up with ways to

4769
04:12:53,200 --> 04:12:56,700
keep both themselves, and their 
livestock safe, the center of 

4770
04:12:56,708 --> 04:12:59,800
food and the presence of 
domesticated animals, drove 

4771
04:12:59,800 --> 04:13:02,500
wolves, mountain lions and bears
to whack and trains. 

4772
04:13:03,200 --> 04:13:06,100
Families learned to keep weapons
on hand in case of emergencies 

4773
04:13:06,100 --> 04:13:09,900
maintain sufficient Fires, for 
protection and deterrence and 

4774
04:13:09,900 --> 04:13:13,400
set up their camps defensively. 
Although they occasionally made 

4775
04:13:13,400 --> 04:13:17,400
wagons and livestock dangerous, 
prairie, dogs, ground squirrels 

4776
04:13:17,400 --> 04:13:19,500
and other small animals 
entertained children. 

4777
04:13:20,600 --> 04:13:23,500
Miles Long Prairie, Dog towns 
could result in places where 

4778
04:13:23,500 --> 04:13:26,400
wagon wheels or animal hooves 
could enter borrows and cause 

4779
04:13:26,400 --> 04:13:28,900
harm, or damage to equipment. 
Families. 

4780
04:13:28,900 --> 04:13:31,100
Learn to read terrain more 
carefully and to foresee 

4781
04:13:31,100 --> 04:13:32,200
dangers. 
That weren't immediately 

4782
04:13:32,200 --> 04:13:34,300
apparent. 
As a result of these experiences

4783
04:13:34,300 --> 04:13:37,300
families from the Eastern 
regions were hunting and habitat

4784
04:13:37,300 --> 04:13:38,900
loss. 
Had already reduced Wildlife 

4785
04:13:38,900 --> 04:13:42,700
populations often astounded by 
the species and abundance of 

4786
04:13:42,700 --> 04:13:46,100
birds along the trail. 
The daily entertainment and 

4787
04:13:46,100 --> 04:13:49,900
sporadic hunting opportunities 
offered by migratory waterfowl. 

4788
04:13:49,900 --> 04:13:53,500
Birds of Prey and songbirds 
complimented, Food Supplies, and

4789
04:13:53,500 --> 04:13:56,400
connected families to the 
continents and the Seasons 

4790
04:13:56,400 --> 04:14:01,600
natural rhythms. every night as 
wagon, circled for safety, and 

4791
04:14:01,600 --> 04:14:04,600
Company domestic animals from 
other wagon, trains, develop 

4792
04:14:04,600 --> 04:14:09,400
their own social dynamics, as 
dogs cats, Chickens and other 

4793
04:14:09,400 --> 04:14:11,800
pets interacted across the 
makeshift communities. 

4794
04:14:12,600 --> 04:14:15,800
Dogs would form their own social
groups and hierarchies which 

4795
04:14:15,800 --> 04:14:18,300
occasionally reflected the bonds
that were growing within their 

4796
04:14:18,300 --> 04:14:20,800
human families. 
Once they made it through the 

4797
04:14:20,800 --> 04:14:23,800
trip cats were useful in keeping
rodents out of the way of food 

4798
04:14:23,800 --> 04:14:26,900
supplies that were being stored 
people who had chosen unusual 

4799
04:14:26,900 --> 04:14:29,700
life paths and were on the trail
for reasons that didn't fit, the

4800
04:14:29,700 --> 04:14:32,200
usual emigration patterns were 
frequently. 

4801
04:14:32,200 --> 04:14:34,800
The subjects of the most 
unexpected encounters. 

4802
04:14:36,000 --> 04:14:39,000
The trail Community was in 
riched with diversity and 

4803
04:14:39,000 --> 04:14:41,700
stimulating discussions from 
missionaries who are going to 

4804
04:14:41,700 --> 04:14:44,100
start churches, among Native 
American communities. 

4805
04:14:44,100 --> 04:14:47,400
Scientists who are gathering 
specimens for institutions, in 

4806
04:14:47,400 --> 04:14:50,500
the East artists, who were 
recording the Western landscape 

4807
04:14:50,500 --> 04:14:53,200
and adventurers, who were 
looking for experience as rather

4808
04:14:53,200 --> 04:14:56,100
than settlement. 
These Oddball explorers 

4809
04:14:56,100 --> 04:14:59,400
frequently had abilities 
insights or knowledge, that 

4810
04:14:59,400 --> 04:15:03,600
helped entire wagon trains a 
missionaries Proficiency in a 

4811
04:15:03,600 --> 04:15:05,100
language. 
Could help them communicate with

4812
04:15:05,100 --> 04:15:09,400
Native Americans in times of 
medical, emergency a scientist, 

4813
04:15:09,400 --> 04:15:11,500
medical knowledge could be 
extremely helpful. 

4814
04:15:11,500 --> 04:15:15,300
It's possible that an artist's 
ability to observe things help 

4815
04:15:15,300 --> 04:15:18,600
them recognize landmarks or 
predict weather patterns, more 

4816
04:15:18,600 --> 04:15:21,400
precisely than the average 
immigrant through dramatic, 

4817
04:15:21,400 --> 04:15:23,600
encounters with male carriers 
and express. 

4818
04:15:23,600 --> 04:15:26,900
Riders Trail families, were able
to re-establish a connection 

4819
04:15:26,900 --> 04:15:29,400
with the wider world that they 
had temporarily abandoned. 

4820
04:15:30,400 --> 04:15:32,700
Between distant communities and 
government outposts. 

4821
04:15:32,700 --> 04:15:36,700
These professional Travelers, 
transported letters newspapers 

4822
04:15:36,700 --> 04:15:40,300
and official Communications at a
far faster Pace than wagon 

4823
04:15:40,300 --> 04:15:43,100
trains. 
When they reached Wagon Train 

4824
04:15:43,100 --> 04:15:45,800
campsite, there was a lot of 
excitement and a chance to 

4825
04:15:45,800 --> 04:15:48,300
communicate with anxious family 
members back in the United 

4826
04:15:48,300 --> 04:15:51,200
States. 
As families grew close to one 

4827
04:15:51,200 --> 04:15:53,100
another. 
Under the harsh circumstances of

4828
04:15:53,100 --> 04:15:56,600
shared travel, and mutual 
Reliance the social dynamics 

4829
04:15:56,600 --> 04:15:59,400
within individual wagon, trains 
changed continuously. 

4830
04:16:00,600 --> 04:16:03,200
It is possible for people who 
appear to get along during the 

4831
04:16:03,200 --> 04:16:06,200
planning stages to have 
personality conflicts that only 

4832
04:16:06,200 --> 04:16:09,600
surface under pressure. 
On the other hand families that 

4833
04:16:09,600 --> 04:16:12,300
had previously appeared to have 
little in common, they become 

4834
04:16:12,300 --> 04:16:15,500
friends for many generations. 
Wagon, Train leadership 

4835
04:16:15,500 --> 04:16:18,500
structures were continuously 
evaluated and improved because 

4836
04:16:18,500 --> 04:16:21,500
various circumstances required 
various kinds of knowledge and 

4837
04:16:21,500 --> 04:16:24,200
judgment. 
The elected Captain may have 

4838
04:16:24,200 --> 04:16:26,900
great route planning skills, but
struggle with interpersonal 

4839
04:16:26,900 --> 04:16:30,400
conflict resolution. 
During certain difficulties such

4840
04:16:30,400 --> 04:16:34,400
as crossing rivers, experiencing
medical crises or coming across 

4841
04:16:34,400 --> 04:16:37,400
potentially hostile groups. 
Other Travelers may show 

4842
04:16:37,400 --> 04:16:40,900
themselves to be natural leaders
children learned things from the

4843
04:16:40,900 --> 04:16:43,200
diverse range of people. 
They met on the trail that they 

4844
04:16:43,200 --> 04:16:46,600
could not have learned in a 
homeschool they developed social

4845
04:16:46,600 --> 04:16:48,000
skills? 
That would be useful in the 

4846
04:16:48,000 --> 04:16:50,300
diverse communities. 
They would assist in creating an

4847
04:16:50,300 --> 04:16:53,400
Oregon Territory learned, how to
communicate across language. 

4848
04:16:53,400 --> 04:16:56,800
Barriers and appreciated various
cultural approaches to common 

4849
04:16:56,800 --> 04:17:00,000
problems. 
Generations of descendants were 

4850
04:17:00,000 --> 04:17:02,800
introduced to the adventure and 
variety of the trail experience 

4851
04:17:02,800 --> 04:17:05,600
through the cherished. 
Family stories that grew out of 

4852
04:17:05,600 --> 04:17:08,000
these encounters. 
Grandchildren would hear about 

4853
04:17:08,000 --> 04:17:10,700
the Native American Chief who 
helped their grandfathers Wagon,

4854
04:17:10,700 --> 04:17:12,400
Train find water during a 
drought. 

4855
04:17:13,400 --> 04:17:16,200
French Trapper, who taught their
grandmother, to identify edible 

4856
04:17:16,200 --> 04:17:18,500
plants. 
All the returning, Emigrant who 

4857
04:17:18,500 --> 04:17:21,200
alerted them, to a hazardous 
River Crossing in time to save 

4858
04:17:21,200 --> 04:17:24,200
lives and property. 
Imagine the moment you see the 

4859
04:17:24,200 --> 04:17:27,600
end of your Journey coming, Not 
Just Another River to Cross or 

4860
04:17:27,600 --> 04:17:30,400
another range of Hills to 
Traverse, but the real 

4861
04:17:30,400 --> 04:17:33,000
destination that has kept your 
hopes alive through every 

4862
04:17:33,000 --> 04:17:36,400
hardship and challenge of the 
trail after months of waking up 

4863
04:17:36,400 --> 04:17:39,600
to the sound of creaking wheels 
and the routine of setting Camp 

4864
04:17:39,600 --> 04:17:41,900
Before Dawn. 
Families. 

4865
04:17:41,900 --> 04:17:44,300
Who had spent months 
concentrating on the day-to-day 

4866
04:17:44,300 --> 04:17:47,100
difficulties of travel without 
fully understanding how 

4867
04:17:47,100 --> 04:17:50,000
different their new home would 
be from everything they'd known 

4868
04:17:50,000 --> 04:17:52,200
before. 
Found the approach to Oregon 

4869
04:17:52,200 --> 04:17:55,000
territory. 
To be both exhilarating and 

4870
04:17:55,000 --> 04:17:57,900
daunting gradually. 
The terrain started to shift 

4871
04:17:57,900 --> 04:18:00,600
from the Arid Splendor of the 
high plains and desert to the 

4872
04:18:00,600 --> 04:18:03,300
woods and mountains, that would 
eventually become their new 

4873
04:18:03,300 --> 04:18:06,400
home. 
The initial view of the Columbia

4874
04:18:06,400 --> 04:18:09,800
River was a poignant moment for 
many families signaling, the 

4875
04:18:09,800 --> 04:18:11,900
actual start of the end of their
Trail experience. 

4876
04:18:11,900 --> 04:18:15,600
The highway that would take them
to the Willamette Valley and the

4877
04:18:15,600 --> 04:18:18,100
Farmland they had fantasized 
about during the challenging 

4878
04:18:18,100 --> 04:18:21,600
months of travel was this 
enormous Waterway which also 

4879
04:18:21,600 --> 04:18:25,600
served as the last significant 
challenge to be overcome After 

4880
04:18:25,600 --> 04:18:28,600
the dry conditions of a large 
portion of the trail, it was 

4881
04:18:28,608 --> 04:18:30,600
nearly over to see that much 
water. 

4882
04:18:30,600 --> 04:18:33,400
There were particular 
opportunities and challenges 

4883
04:18:33,400 --> 04:18:35,300
associated. 
With the last river trip, down 

4884
04:18:35,300 --> 04:18:38,600
the Columbia Families had to 
choose between attempting, the 

4885
04:18:38,600 --> 04:18:42,100
challenging Barlow Road over the
Cascade Mountains or taking a 

4886
04:18:42,100 --> 04:18:44,600
chance on the perilous River, 
Passage through the Columbia 

4887
04:18:44,600 --> 04:18:48,100
Gorge, neither Choice was simple
and both needed energy and 

4888
04:18:48,100 --> 04:18:49,900
resources. 
That families may have believed.

4889
04:18:49,900 --> 04:18:51,800
They had already used up on the 
Overland trip. 

4890
04:18:52,800 --> 04:18:55,900
Those who took the river route 
were forced to hire boatmen or 

4891
04:18:55,900 --> 04:18:58,400
load their wagons onto 
improvised rafts in order to 

4892
04:18:58,400 --> 04:19:01,200
move their belongings through 
Rapids, that had destroyed a 

4893
04:19:01,200 --> 04:19:03,100
great deal of property and taken
many lives. 

4894
04:19:04,100 --> 04:19:06,800
The families who had preserved 
their possessions over 2000 

4895
04:19:06,800 --> 04:19:09,700
miles of Overland travel. 
The irony of possibly losing 

4896
04:19:09,700 --> 04:19:12,400
everything within sight of their
destination was not lost. 

4897
04:19:13,400 --> 04:19:15,100
Families. 
That opted for the mountain 

4898
04:19:15,100 --> 04:19:17,900
route encountered. 
Distinct difficulties as they 

4899
04:19:17,900 --> 04:19:20,800
learned that the Cascade 
Mountains offered a landscape. 

4900
04:19:20,800 --> 04:19:23,000
That was different from what 
they had experienced during the 

4901
04:19:23,000 --> 04:19:27,300
Prairie sections of their trip. 
Steep grades dense forests and 

4902
04:19:27,300 --> 04:19:31,000
undeveloped roads presented new 
challenges for their animals and

4903
04:19:31,000 --> 04:19:34,500
Equipment while also offering 
breathtaking views that served 

4904
04:19:34,500 --> 04:19:37,400
as a reminder of the original 
reason for their Journey after 

4905
04:19:37,400 --> 04:19:40,500
months of waiting and adversity.
The actual arrival in the 

4906
04:19:40,508 --> 04:19:42,500
Willamette Valley was frequently
unimpressive. 

4907
04:19:43,300 --> 04:19:46,500
Many families found themselves 
in an area that all beautiful 

4908
04:19:46,500 --> 04:19:49,300
and fertile needed the same 
pioneering skills, they 

4909
04:19:49,300 --> 04:19:51,900
developed on the trail, to build
the homes and communities. 

4910
04:19:51,900 --> 04:19:54,400
They'd imagined without a 
welcoming committee or 

4911
04:19:54,400 --> 04:19:56,200
established Community 
infrastructure. 

4912
04:19:57,000 --> 04:19:59,300
For families who were suddenly 
faced with decisions that would 

4913
04:19:59,300 --> 04:20:02,200
impact generations of their 
Descendants, the land selection 

4914
04:20:02,200 --> 04:20:04,300
process was both thrilling and 
daunting. 

4915
04:20:05,100 --> 04:20:08,200
Large tracts of land remained 
available for families prepared.

4916
04:20:08,200 --> 04:20:11,500
To put in the effort to clear 
forests start farms and 

4917
04:20:11,500 --> 04:20:13,900
construct the infrastructure 
required for long-term 

4918
04:20:13,900 --> 04:20:16,100
settlement. 
Even though the best land was 

4919
04:20:16,100 --> 04:20:19,400
frequently already claimed by 
previous emigrants together 

4920
04:20:19,400 --> 04:20:23,200
families, who had experienced 
the trail together a newcomers 

4921
04:20:23,200 --> 04:20:25,600
who had arrived at different 
times, or by different routes 

4922
04:20:25,600 --> 04:20:28,600
came together, to build the 
first shelter families, use the 

4923
04:20:28,600 --> 04:20:31,600
skills they had learned from 
months of camping and improvised

4924
04:20:31,600 --> 04:20:34,400
living to build temporary 
shelter, that would keep them 

4925
04:20:34,400 --> 04:20:37,800
safe during their first Oregon 
winter, while they worked on 

4926
04:20:37,800 --> 04:20:41,000
more permanent buildings. 
Many families found the shift 

4927
04:20:41,000 --> 04:20:43,900
from Trail life to settled life,
to be more challenging than they

4928
04:20:43,900 --> 04:20:46,600
had expected. 
The routine of clearing land 

4929
04:20:46,600 --> 04:20:49,100
planting crops and building 
permanent homes could feel 

4930
04:20:49,100 --> 04:20:52,600
restrictive and monotonous after
months, of continuous, movement,

4931
04:20:52,600 --> 04:20:55,800
and daily change. 
Some family members suffered 

4932
04:20:55,800 --> 04:20:58,700
from a sort of homesickness for 
the nomadic lifestyle, they had 

4933
04:20:58,700 --> 04:21:02,200
left behind, especially the kids
who had enjoyed the trail 

4934
04:21:02,200 --> 04:21:04,400
Adventure. 
Families from diverse 

4935
04:21:04,400 --> 04:21:07,000
backgrounds, with varying, 
opinions about the best way to 

4936
04:21:07,000 --> 04:21:10,700
organize communities and varying
methods of problem solving from 

4937
04:21:10,700 --> 04:21:14,100
their Trail experiences had to 
work together and compromise in 

4938
04:21:14,100 --> 04:21:17,200
order to establish communities 
in Oregon Territory for the 

4939
04:21:17,200 --> 04:21:20,200
establishment of the government 
agencies churches and schools, 

4940
04:21:20,200 --> 04:21:22,800
that would transform Oregon 
territory into a livable 

4941
04:21:22,800 --> 04:21:25,400
Community. 
The social skills acquired 

4942
04:21:25,400 --> 04:21:29,500
during months of wagon, train, 
travel proved crucial Families 

4943
04:21:29,500 --> 04:21:32,300
that had saved money for trail 
supplies and equipment found it 

4944
04:21:32,300 --> 04:21:34,900
difficult to adjust to the 
economic realities of starting 

4945
04:21:34,900 --> 04:21:37,800
over in a new territory. 
They now had to create revenue 

4946
04:21:37,800 --> 04:21:39,800
streams, while pursuing their 
land claims. 

4947
04:21:40,900 --> 04:21:43,700
Many families were forced to 
combine farming with other jobs 

4948
04:21:43,700 --> 04:21:46,100
using new skills. 
They learned on the trail or 

4949
04:21:46,100 --> 04:21:49,700
skills they had honed back home.
Because the demands of frontier 

4950
04:21:49,700 --> 04:21:53,200
life, demanded adaptability and 
resourcefulness that went beyond

4951
04:21:53,200 --> 04:21:56,300
conventional gender boundaries 
women's roles in Oregon 

4952
04:21:56,300 --> 04:21:59,600
Territory frequently expanded 
beyond what had been feasible in

4953
04:21:59,600 --> 04:22:02,300
their prior homes. 
These skills were crucial for 

4954
04:22:02,300 --> 04:22:05,100
Frontier homemaking for women 
who had gained experience in 

4955
04:22:05,100 --> 04:22:07,800
managing outdoor cooking 
handling, livestock and 

4956
04:22:07,800 --> 04:22:09,800
repairing equipment during the 
trail experience. 

4957
04:22:10,900 --> 04:22:14,400
Children's education became a 
community priority, requiring 

4958
04:22:14,400 --> 04:22:16,800
families to work together to 
build schools, and hire 

4959
04:22:16,800 --> 04:22:18,300
teachers. 
In places, without such 

4960
04:22:18,300 --> 04:22:21,300
facilities. 
Children who are educated by 

4961
04:22:21,300 --> 04:22:24,000
walking beside wagons, and 
learning useful skills around 

4962
04:22:24,000 --> 04:22:26,800
campfires frequently, 
demonstrated greater 

4963
04:22:26,800 --> 04:22:29,400
adaptability to the learning 
conditions of the frontier, than

4964
04:22:29,408 --> 04:22:33,400
adults at anticipated. 
Within a few years of the large 

4965
04:22:33,400 --> 04:22:35,500
immigration's, the success 
stories from Oregon. 

4966
04:22:35,500 --> 04:22:38,600
Territory started to reach, 
friends and family, back in the 

4967
04:22:38,600 --> 04:22:42,100
United States, inspiring more 
families, to follow suit, and 

4968
04:22:42,100 --> 04:22:44,500
generating a feedback loop that 
kept the Westward Movement, 

4969
04:22:44,500 --> 04:22:48,200
going for decades. 
More waves of emigration were 

4970
04:22:48,200 --> 04:22:50,600
spurred by letters that 
described the country's rich 

4971
04:22:50,600 --> 04:22:54,000
soil temperate climate and 
prospects for growth, but not 

4972
04:22:54,000 --> 04:22:56,500
all Oregon Tales were triumphs 
families. 

4973
04:22:56,500 --> 04:23:00,000
Also describe the hardships of 
frontier life, the distance from

4974
04:23:00,000 --> 04:23:03,000
loved ones and familiar 
surroundings and the arduous 

4975
04:23:03,000 --> 04:23:06,000
physical work needed to start 
successful farms in densely 

4976
04:23:06,000 --> 04:23:09,300
forested areas. 
Later emigrants were better 

4977
04:23:09,300 --> 04:23:10,800
equipped to handle the 
difficulties. 

4978
04:23:10,800 --> 04:23:13,400
They would encounter after 
finishing, the trail Journey, 

4979
04:23:13,400 --> 04:23:16,600
thanks to these more realistic 
accounts families, that had 

4980
04:23:16,600 --> 04:23:19,200
walked the trail together, 
continue to have close ties, and

4981
04:23:19,200 --> 04:23:21,600
support networks. 
That helped everyone adjust to 

4982
04:23:21,600 --> 04:23:24,500
their new surroundings forming 
Community networks, that were 

4983
04:23:24,500 --> 04:23:27,300
frequently based on the shared 
experience of the trail in 

4984
04:23:27,300 --> 04:23:30,800
Oregon Territory. 
The ties forged during these 

4985
04:23:30,800 --> 04:23:34,000
months of mutual Reliance and 
adversity, turned out to be 

4986
04:23:34,000 --> 04:23:35,900
enduring underpinnings for the 
communities. 

4987
04:23:35,900 --> 04:23:38,900
That would come to characterize 
organs early growth through 

4988
04:23:38,900 --> 04:23:41,800
letters that shared updates from
both sides, and occasionally 

4989
04:23:41,800 --> 04:23:45,100
urged more family members to 
travel West Trail families. 

4990
04:23:45,100 --> 04:23:47,900
Also kept in touch with friends 
and family who had stayed in the

4991
04:23:47,900 --> 04:23:50,900
United States. 
These correspondents networks 

4992
04:23:50,900 --> 04:23:53,700
offered emotional support to 
people adjusting to drastically 

4993
04:23:53,700 --> 04:23:57,200
different lives and assisted in 
maintaining Family Ties over 

4994
04:23:57,200 --> 04:24:01,600
great distances more than 150 
years after the last major 

4995
04:24:01,600 --> 04:24:04,000
wagon, trains finished their 
Journeys to Oregon Territory. 

4996
04:24:04,000 --> 04:24:07,000
Think about how the adventures 
we've been following together 

4997
04:24:07,000 --> 04:24:10,800
still shape American culture and
family tales as you sink deeper 

4998
04:24:10,800 --> 04:24:14,800
into your cozy bed and pull your
blanket a little closer along 

4999
04:24:14,800 --> 04:24:17,300
with their belongings. 
The family, who traveled the 

5000
04:24:17,300 --> 04:24:20,800
Oregon Trail carried with them 
stories skills and values that 

5001
04:24:20,800 --> 04:24:23,200
would impact the character of 
communities across the region 

5002
04:24:23,200 --> 04:24:27,000
and help shape the future of the
American West, the trail itself 

5003
04:24:27,000 --> 04:24:29,500
turned into a life-changing 
event that Altered people's 

5004
04:24:29,500 --> 04:24:33,300
perspectives on difficulties 
teamwork, and the potential for 

5005
04:24:33,300 --> 04:24:36,500
establishing new types of 
communities in addition to where

5006
04:24:36,500 --> 04:24:38,900
they lived. 
Children who grew up in 

5007
04:24:38,908 --> 04:24:41,300
astonished agricultural 
communities had a different 

5008
04:24:41,300 --> 04:24:43,700
relationship with nature than 
children, who had spent their 

5009
04:24:43,700 --> 04:24:46,800
early years, walking beside 
wagons learning to identify 

5010
04:24:46,800 --> 04:24:50,000
edible plants and assisting with
livestock management. 

5011
04:24:51,400 --> 04:24:54,000
With the perspectives and 
abilities that proved crucial 

5012
04:24:54,000 --> 04:24:55,900
for success in Frontier 
conditions. 

5013
04:24:56,600 --> 04:24:59,800
These Trail educated, kids 
frequently Rose to prominence as

5014
04:24:59,800 --> 04:25:02,400
leaders and innovators in their 
Oregon communities. 

5015
04:25:02,400 --> 04:25:05,700
Families ability to solve 
problems such as repairing 

5016
04:25:05,700 --> 04:25:08,000
equipment using, whatever 
materials were available. 

5017
04:25:08,000 --> 04:25:11,000
Coming up with inventive ways. 
To deal with food and water, 

5018
04:25:11,000 --> 04:25:14,600
shortages, and modifying daily 
routines to accommodate shifting

5019
04:25:14,600 --> 04:25:16,800
weather. 
And terrain conditions was 

5020
04:25:16,800 --> 04:25:19,800
shaped by months of Trail travel
and lived on in Western 

5021
04:25:19,800 --> 04:25:23,500
communities for Generations. 
In Frontier societies where 

5022
04:25:23,500 --> 04:25:26,500
survival occasionally hinged on 
everyone's ability to carry out 

5023
04:25:26,500 --> 04:25:29,900
whatever tasks were required 
regardless of traditional gender

5024
04:25:29,900 --> 04:25:33,600
expectations, women who had 
managed outdoor cooking handled 

5025
04:25:33,600 --> 04:25:36,400
livestock and made crucial 
decisions during Trail. 

5026
04:25:36,400 --> 04:25:38,900
Emergencies frequently 
discovered that these 

5027
04:25:38,900 --> 04:25:41,400
experiences had prepared them 
for expanded roles. 

5028
04:25:42,500 --> 04:25:45,500
An extensive oral history that 
links generations of Western 

5029
04:25:45,500 --> 04:25:48,700
families to their immigrant 
ancestors was produced by the 

5030
04:25:48,700 --> 04:25:51,800
storytelling Customs that grew 
out of Trail experience's 

5031
04:25:51,800 --> 04:25:55,500
grandchildren who had never seen
a covered wagon would be raised 

5032
04:25:55,500 --> 04:25:57,500
on elaborate Tales of Buffalo 
hunts. 

5033
04:25:57,500 --> 04:26:00,700
River crossing the hardships of 
spending months sleeping 

5034
04:26:00,700 --> 04:26:04,600
outside, the themes of tenacity 
resourcefulness and cooperation 

5035
04:26:04,600 --> 04:26:07,800
that became fundamental values 
in Western societies were 

5036
04:26:07,800 --> 04:26:11,200
frequently highlighted in these 
family, Tales Through 

5037
04:26:11,200 --> 04:26:13,300
preparation cooperation and 
perseverance. 

5038
04:26:13,300 --> 04:26:16,400
The trail experience showed that
regular people could overcome 

5039
04:26:16,400 --> 04:26:19,300
extraordinary obstacles lessons 
that were applicable. 

5040
04:26:19,300 --> 04:26:21,700
Well beyond the initial 
immigration context. 

5041
04:26:22,500 --> 04:26:26,500
A distinctive American mythology
that emphasized both individual 

5042
04:26:26,500 --> 04:26:29,400
success. 
And teamwork was also produced 

5043
04:26:29,400 --> 04:26:32,500
by the trail. 
Families had to be independent 

5044
04:26:32,500 --> 04:26:34,600
and resourceful to successfully 
complete. 

5045
04:26:34,600 --> 04:26:37,600
The Oregon Trail Journey. 
But they also had to rely on 

5046
04:26:37,600 --> 04:26:40,600
their Wagon Train fellows for 
support and assistance in times 

5047
04:26:40,600 --> 04:26:44,100
of need the experiential. 
Practical learning that had 

5048
04:26:44,100 --> 04:26:46,900
defined Trail education had an 
impact on educational 

5049
04:26:46,900 --> 04:26:50,200
establishments in Oregon 
Territory and later Oregon 

5050
04:26:50,200 --> 04:26:52,700
State. 
The recognition that frontier 

5051
04:26:52,700 --> 04:26:55,400
life required individuals who 
could combine intellectual 

5052
04:26:55,400 --> 04:26:59,600
capacity with practical problem.
Solving abilities was reflected 

5053
04:26:59,600 --> 04:27:02,200
in schools that placed an 
emphasis on practical skills. 

5054
04:27:02,200 --> 04:27:06,200
In addition to traditional 
academic subjects Early 

5055
04:27:06,200 --> 04:27:09,400
conservation attitudes in 
Western communities were shaped 

5056
04:27:09,400 --> 04:27:11,500
by the environmental 
Consciousness, that families, 

5057
04:27:11,500 --> 04:27:15,000
gained from months of intimate 
observation of weather patterns,

5058
04:27:15,000 --> 04:27:18,300
seasonal, variation and the 
availability of Natural 

5059
04:27:18,300 --> 04:27:21,400
Resources. 
In individuals who had 

5060
04:27:21,400 --> 04:27:24,500
personally witnessed the effects
of resource, depletion, water, 

5061
04:27:24,500 --> 04:27:27,600
pollution and overgrazing were 
frequently more in favor of 

5062
04:27:27,600 --> 04:27:29,300
sustainable land management 
techniques. 

5063
04:27:30,500 --> 04:27:32,900
Experience of the trail itself, 
altered and adapted, the 

5064
04:27:32,908 --> 04:27:35,000
religious and cultural 
Traditions that made their way 

5065
04:27:35,000 --> 04:27:38,300
west in covered wagons during 
months, when worship sessions 

5066
04:27:38,300 --> 04:27:41,700
were conducted Outdoors around 
campfires, rather than in 

5067
04:27:41,700 --> 04:27:45,000
conventional buildings churches 
in Oregon Territory frequently 

5068
04:27:45,000 --> 04:27:48,300
reflected, a more pragmatic 
informal approach to religious 

5069
04:27:48,300 --> 04:27:50,900
practice. 
Wagon trains had employed, 

5070
04:27:50,900 --> 04:27:53,800
Democratic decision-making 
procedures to settle conflicts, 

5071
04:27:53,800 --> 04:27:58,000
choose routes and oversee local 
resources which had an impact on

5072
04:27:58,000 --> 04:28:00,600
the political institutions that 
arose in Oregon Territory. 

5073
04:28:01,800 --> 04:28:05,100
On the trail Town, meetings and 
Community collaboration had been

5074
04:28:05,100 --> 04:28:08,400
crucial survival tactics and 
these methods of governance, 

5075
04:28:08,400 --> 04:28:11,700
permeated early, Oregon 
community's political systems. 

5076
04:28:12,600 --> 04:28:15,700
The folk medicine and practical.
First Aid skills, that families 

5077
04:28:15,700 --> 04:28:17,200
had acquired through Trail 
travel. 

5078
04:28:17,200 --> 04:28:19,600
Had an impact on medical 
practice is in Frontier. 

5079
04:28:19,600 --> 04:28:23,300
Community's Community, healers 
frequently combined, traditional

5080
04:28:23,300 --> 04:28:25,900
remedies with techniques, 
learned through trial 

5081
04:28:25,900 --> 04:28:29,100
experience, Having learned how 
to treat illnesses and injuries 

5082
04:28:29,100 --> 04:28:31,400
with little money and no 
professional medical assistants 

5083
04:28:31,400 --> 04:28:33,200
lessons. 
Learned about soil, 

5084
04:28:33,200 --> 04:28:36,400
conservation, crop 
diversification and sustainable 

5085
04:28:36,400 --> 04:28:38,900
farming practices. 
During the trail Journey were 

5086
04:28:38,900 --> 04:28:41,900
reflected in the agricultural 
practices that emerged in Oregon

5087
04:28:41,900 --> 04:28:44,600
Territory. 
During their westward, migration

5088
04:28:44,600 --> 04:28:47,100
families frequently. 
Applied the lessons they had 

5089
04:28:47,100 --> 04:28:50,000
learned about the negative 
environmental effects of poor 

5090
04:28:50,000 --> 04:28:52,000
Land Management to their own 
farming operations. 

5091
04:28:52,900 --> 04:28:56,300
relationships and Trust built 
during shared Trail experiences 

5092
04:28:56,300 --> 04:28:58,900
frequently, served as the 
foundation for the business and 

5093
04:28:58,900 --> 04:29:03,000
economic networks, that emerged 
in early, Oregon communities, As

5094
04:29:03,000 --> 04:29:05,900
they founded companies and 
economic alliances in their new 

5095
04:29:05,900 --> 04:29:09,400
communities, people who had 
shared resources, exchanged 

5096
04:29:09,400 --> 04:29:12,400
goods and worked together in 
times of need maintain these 

5097
04:29:12,400 --> 04:29:15,300
connections, the Practical 
functional approach to 

5098
04:29:15,300 --> 04:29:18,300
problem-solving that families 
had developed over months of 

5099
04:29:18,300 --> 04:29:20,400
building. 
Temporary shelters and setting 

5100
04:29:20,400 --> 04:29:24,000
up effective campsites under 
difficult circumstances was 

5101
04:29:24,000 --> 04:29:27,400
reflected in the architectural 
style in community planning 

5102
04:29:27,400 --> 04:29:31,300
techniques that defined early 
Oregon settlements In Oregon and

5103
04:29:31,300 --> 04:29:34,200
other Western States 
contemporary family, reunions 

5104
04:29:34,200 --> 04:29:37,600
and Heritage celebrations. 
Frequently, focus on honoring, 

5105
04:29:37,600 --> 04:29:39,900
the bravery and tenacity of 
Trail ancestors. 

5106
04:29:39,900 --> 04:29:43,100
Giving descendant families, a 
chance to reconnect with their 

5107
04:29:43,100 --> 04:29:46,200
pioneering Heritage and come to 
understand the struggles. 

5108
04:29:46,200 --> 04:29:50,600
Their ancestors faced A unique 
American optimism regarding the 

5109
04:29:50,600 --> 04:29:54,500
potential for self-reinvention 
starting over and generating 

5110
04:29:54,500 --> 04:29:57,200
better opportunities through 
perseverance and hard work was 

5111
04:29:57,200 --> 04:29:59,300
in Florence by the Oregon Trail 
experience. 

5112
04:30:00,300 --> 04:30:03,800
This Fresh Start mindset became 
a Hallmark of American culture 

5113
04:30:03,800 --> 04:30:07,000
and still shapes people's 
perspectives on individual and 

5114
04:30:07,000 --> 04:30:09,300
Collective. 
Growth interpretation programs 

5115
04:30:09,300 --> 04:30:12,200
help modern people comprehend 
the enormity of the challenge 

5116
04:30:12,200 --> 04:30:15,200
that 19th century families faced
when they packed their 

5117
04:30:15,200 --> 04:30:17,300
belongings into covered wagons 
and set out. 

5118
04:30:17,300 --> 04:30:19,700
West toward uncertain, Futures 
while. 

5119
04:30:19,700 --> 04:30:22,400
Historical preservation efforts 
along the Oregon, Trail route 

5120
04:30:22,400 --> 04:30:24,600
have given modern families. 
The chance to experience 

5121
04:30:24,600 --> 04:30:27,300
something of what trail travel 
was like. 

5122
04:30:28,000 --> 04:30:31,000
The trail experience also had an
impact on American literature 

5123
04:30:31,000 --> 04:30:35,000
art and popular culture in ways 
that still shape American 

5124
04:30:35,000 --> 04:30:38,300
societies perceptions of the 
Westwood, migration frontier 

5125
04:30:38,300 --> 04:30:42,200
life and the interplay between 
individual success and group 

5126
04:30:42,200 --> 04:30:45,200
collaboration. 
As our time on the Oregon Trail 

5127
04:30:45,200 --> 04:30:48,300
draws to a close picture 
yourself, sleeping in your own 

5128
04:30:48,300 --> 04:30:51,400
bed, for the night, not a 
bedroll by a smoldering camp 

5129
04:30:51,400 --> 04:30:54,500
fire or a small room inside a 
canvas covered wagon, but your 

5130
04:30:54,500 --> 04:30:58,400
own cozy bed with cozy, pillows,
Dependable warmth and the safety

5131
04:30:58,400 --> 04:31:01,700
of sturdy walls surrounding you 
as they change from travelers to

5132
04:31:01,708 --> 04:31:04,100
settles from immigrants to 
oregonians. 

5133
04:31:04,100 --> 04:31:07,500
And from people heading toward 
an uncertain future to those 

5134
04:31:07,500 --> 04:31:10,100
creating permanent communities. 
That would endure for 

5135
04:31:10,100 --> 04:31:12,400
Generations. 
The families whose stories we 

5136
04:31:12,400 --> 04:31:15,600
have been following tonight, 
ultimately found their own forms

5137
04:31:15,600 --> 04:31:18,600
of this comfort. 
Eventually, the children who had

5138
04:31:18,600 --> 04:31:22,000
learned to sleep to the sounds 
of wagon covers flapping in 

5139
04:31:22,000 --> 04:31:25,200
Prairie, winds and coyotes 
calling, grew up in homes with 

5140
04:31:25,200 --> 04:31:29,100
glass windows, wooden, floors 
and enough room for everyone to 

5141
04:31:29,100 --> 04:31:31,800
have a bed. 
However, a number of them 

5142
04:31:31,800 --> 04:31:34,800
subsequently stated that they 
never fully lost their love of 

5143
04:31:34,800 --> 04:31:38,700
sleeping outside or their 
capacity to find solace in basic

5144
04:31:38,700 --> 04:31:40,200
sleeping Arrangements when 
necessary. 

5145
04:31:41,200 --> 04:31:43,800
Eventually the parents who had 
been anxious every night about 

5146
04:31:43,800 --> 04:31:46,600
their family's safety in the 
wilderness found themselves in 

5147
04:31:46,600 --> 04:31:49,500
towns with churches, schools and
neighbors. 

5148
04:31:49,500 --> 04:31:53,000
Who they could rely on in times 
of need, although they had found

5149
04:31:53,000 --> 04:31:55,100
the security. 
They had sought by moving West 

5150
04:31:55,100 --> 04:31:58,000
The Independents and 
resourcefulness they'd gained 

5151
04:31:58,000 --> 04:32:00,300
along the way. 
Remained traits, They Carried 

5152
04:32:00,300 --> 04:32:02,000
with them for the rest of their 
lives. 

5153
04:32:02,700 --> 04:32:04,700
The Farms businesses and 
communities. 

5154
04:32:04,700 --> 04:32:07,300
They established in Oregon 
Territory were built on the 

5155
04:32:07,308 --> 04:32:09,200
skills. 
They had acquired over months of

5156
04:32:09,200 --> 04:32:12,400
cooking, over campfires, 
repairing equipment, and 

5157
04:32:12,400 --> 04:32:15,900
managing resources. 
There are approach to Community 

5158
04:32:15,900 --> 04:32:18,600
Development and problem solving 
remained characterized by the 

5159
04:32:18,600 --> 04:32:21,000
collaboration and support that 
had been crucial for trail 

5160
04:32:21,000 --> 04:32:23,700
survival. 
The tales of their experiences 

5161
04:32:23,700 --> 04:32:26,100
on the trail became cherished, 
family heirlooms that were 

5162
04:32:26,108 --> 04:32:27,500
handed down through the 
generations. 

5163
04:32:27,500 --> 04:32:30,700
Bridging the Gap between 
ancestors who had risked, 

5164
04:32:30,700 --> 04:32:33,100
everything on the hope of 
establishing better lives in 

5165
04:32:33,100 --> 04:32:36,700
Uncharted Territory and children
who had never seen a covered 

5166
04:32:36,700 --> 04:32:39,200
wagon. 
These Tales frequently focused 

5167
04:32:39,200 --> 04:32:41,400
on the Practical aspects of 
everyday life. 

5168
04:32:41,400 --> 04:32:44,900
The value of planning and 
teamwork and the Fulfillment 

5169
04:32:44,900 --> 04:32:46,700
that came from. 
Conquering obstacles with 

5170
04:32:46,700 --> 04:32:50,000
perseverance and support from 
one another rather than the 

5171
04:32:50,000 --> 04:32:53,000
romantic adventure that would 
later be celebrated in popular 

5172
04:32:53,000 --> 04:32:55,700
culture. 
When modern families, Trace 

5173
04:32:55,700 --> 04:32:58,700
their roots to Oregon Trail 
Emigrant, they frequently 

5174
04:32:58,700 --> 04:33:01,400
discover that the attitudes and 
viewpoints that kept their 

5175
04:33:01,400 --> 04:33:02,900
ancestors. 
Going during the westward, 

5176
04:33:02,900 --> 04:33:05,900
migration still have an impact 
on family culture, generation's 

5177
04:33:05,900 --> 04:33:10,099
later, these include attitudes 
toward problem, solving, methods

5178
04:33:10,099 --> 04:33:12,900
for getting involved in the 
community and an appreciation of

5179
04:33:12,900 --> 04:33:14,599
both Independence and 
interdependence. 

5180
04:33:14,599 --> 04:33:18,300
Oregon Trail story showed that 
regular people could achieve 

5181
04:33:18,300 --> 04:33:22,099
extraordinary Feats by combining
practical skills with a belief 

5182
04:33:22,099 --> 04:33:24,800
that their efforts would have, 
eventually result in better 

5183
04:33:24,800 --> 04:33:28,099
opportunities for their 
families, individual willpower 

5184
04:33:28,099 --> 04:33:31,800
with Community collaboration and
meticulous preparation with 

5185
04:33:31,800 --> 04:33:37,000
adaptability Tonight, as you get
comfortable in your own bed, you

5186
04:33:37,000 --> 04:33:39,900
may consider how the safety and 
convenience you take for. 

5187
04:33:39,900 --> 04:33:43,599
Granted, are the result of 
people overcoming obstacles and 

5188
04:33:43,599 --> 04:33:46,700
creating communities by leaving 
behind comfortable surroundings 

5189
04:33:46,700 --> 04:33:50,300
in pursuit of better futures for
their kids and grandkids the 

5190
04:33:50,300 --> 04:33:53,300
soft sounds of your contemporary
evening, possibly the distant 

5191
04:33:53,300 --> 04:33:56,599
hum of your heating systems, the
distant sound of traffic, or the

5192
04:33:56,608 --> 04:33:58,400
familiar Creeks of your house 
settling. 

5193
04:33:59,200 --> 04:34:02,099
At the same as the reassuring 
campfire, sounds that eventually

5194
04:34:02,099 --> 04:34:04,400
made it easier for trail 
families to go to sleep each 

5195
04:34:04,400 --> 04:34:06,900
night knowing that they were 
surrounded by people who shared 

5196
04:34:06,900 --> 04:34:09,300
their objectives and would 
support them through any 

5197
04:34:09,300 --> 04:34:11,200
difficulties that might arise 
the next day. 

5198
04:34:12,599 --> 04:34:15,200
The trail families eventually 
found what they were looking for

5199
04:34:15,200 --> 04:34:19,099
not just Richland or lucrative 
prospects, but the Fulfillment 

5200
04:34:19,099 --> 04:34:21,599
that comes from showing 
themselves and their kids that 

5201
04:34:21,599 --> 04:34:25,099
willpower teamwork and Ingenuity
could overcome seemingly 

5202
04:34:25,099 --> 04:34:28,099
insurmountable challenges and 
open up new possibilities where 

5203
04:34:28,099 --> 04:34:31,500
none had previously existed, 
their legacy endures, not only 

5204
04:34:31,500 --> 04:34:33,500
in the neighborhoods, they 
established and the families 

5205
04:34:33,500 --> 04:34:35,900
they reared. 
But also in the enduring 

5206
04:34:35,900 --> 04:34:38,700
American conviction, that 
individuals can better their lot

5207
04:34:38,700 --> 04:34:42,099
in life by working hard 
supporting one another and 

5208
04:34:42,099 --> 04:34:44,599
having the guts to go where 
others have gone in pursuit of 

5209
04:34:44,608 --> 04:34:48,599
better opportunities as you fall
asleep tonight during engaging 

5210
04:34:48,599 --> 04:34:52,000
in the same fundamental human 
activity that those Trail 

5211
04:34:52,000 --> 04:34:55,700
families engaged in at the end 
of each day finding Solace and 

5212
04:34:55,700 --> 04:34:59,099
rest after the hardships of the 
day, regaining strength for the 

5213
04:34:59,108 --> 04:35:02,000
opportunities of tomorrow and 
retaining the belief that 

5214
04:35:02,000 --> 04:35:05,099
perseverance and teamwork can 
overcome any challenges that may

5215
04:35:05,099 --> 04:35:07,200
arise. 
Rest easy. 

5216
04:35:07,200 --> 04:35:10,599
Knowing that you are part of a 
long line of people who, despite

5217
04:35:10,599 --> 04:35:14,000
the most trying circumstances, 
managed to provide Comfort 

5218
04:35:14,000 --> 04:35:16,000
security, and a sense of 
community. 

5219
04:35:16,800 --> 04:35:19,800
They also left behind enduring 
values and useful skills. 

5220
04:35:19,800 --> 04:35:23,000
That continue to shape how 
families handle opportunities 

5221
04:35:23,000 --> 04:35:25,200
and challenges. 
Even though the Oregon Trail was

5222
04:35:25,200 --> 04:35:29,300
a band and more than 150 years 
ago, the spirit of Adventure 

5223
04:35:29,300 --> 04:35:33,000
tenacity and camaraderie that 
Define the trail experience 

5224
04:35:33,000 --> 04:35:36,400
still serves as motivation for 
those, who embark on their own 

5225
04:35:36,400 --> 04:35:40,099
difficult and unknown Journeys 
in search of better futures. 

5226
04:35:41,200 --> 04:35:44,599
Divisions of campfire, dinners 
covered wagons and the 

5227
04:35:44,599 --> 04:35:47,300
Fulfillment that comes from 
realizing that regular people 

5228
04:35:47,300 --> 04:35:51,400
can achieve genuinely remarkable
Feats when they band together 

5229
04:35:51,400 --> 04:35:58,500
and help one another. 
Gene Antoinette, poisson 

5230
04:35:58,500 --> 04:36:02,700
destined to become the immortal.
Madame de pompadour arrived in a

5231
04:36:02,700 --> 04:36:04,200
Paris. 
That was both glittering and 

5232
04:36:04,200 --> 04:36:08,000
precarious. 
Born on December the 29th 1721. 

5233
04:36:08,000 --> 04:36:12,500
She occupied a curious social 
limbo, her father, Francois 

5234
04:36:12,500 --> 04:36:14,599
poisson drifted in and out of 
business success. 

5235
04:36:14,599 --> 04:36:18,000
While her mother, Louise 
Madeline De La Motte cultivated 

5236
04:36:18,000 --> 04:36:22,000
ties among bankers and courtiers
rumors insinuated that Jan's 

5237
04:36:22,000 --> 04:36:23,300
true. 
Father might be a wealthy 

5238
04:36:23,300 --> 04:36:28,200
financier the normal to turn him
Whispers, aside from infancy, 

5239
04:36:28,200 --> 04:36:31,599
she received an education, far 
above what most middle-class 

5240
04:36:31,599 --> 04:36:35,000
girls could dream of learning, 
not only to read and write, but 

5241
04:36:35,000 --> 04:36:38,900
also to dance, sing and 
appreciate the subtlety of wit 

5242
04:36:38,900 --> 04:36:41,099
skills. 
That would later proven valuable

5243
04:36:41,099 --> 04:36:44,400
her mother cherished a prophecy 
from a fortune teller, who 

5244
04:36:44,400 --> 04:36:47,500
claimed Jen would someday rule? 
The heart of a king store? 

5245
04:36:47,500 --> 04:36:51,300
This prophecy, half in jest, 
guided her mother's Ambitions, 

5246
04:36:51,300 --> 04:36:54,800
she introduced Jan to private 
tutors, who were immersed, the 

5247
04:36:54,800 --> 04:36:59,099
girl in the Nuance of theater. 
Music, and the refined manners 

5248
04:36:59,099 --> 04:37:02,400
of Parisian salons. 
The child became Adept at 

5249
04:37:02,400 --> 04:37:05,599
reciting verses Buy Racine or 
playing, harpsichord preludes. 

5250
04:37:06,200 --> 04:37:08,900
People teased that she might 
become a minor actress in the 

5251
04:37:08,900 --> 04:37:12,300
city's. 
Comedic troops, instead fate had

5252
04:37:12,300 --> 04:37:16,599
something grander in store, At 
age, 9 Gene was placed briefly 

5253
04:37:16,599 --> 04:37:18,700
in the Earthly. 
In Convent to polish her, moral 

5254
04:37:18,700 --> 04:37:21,800
upbringing though the real 
impetus behind this stay was to 

5255
04:37:21,800 --> 04:37:23,200
Shield her from a smallpox 
outbreak. 

5256
04:37:24,200 --> 04:37:27,000
There in a stark room with stone
floors. 

5257
04:37:27,000 --> 04:37:30,300
She first confronted the gulf 
between the cheer of drawing 

5258
04:37:30,300 --> 04:37:33,400
room society and The Bleak 
realities of illness and 

5259
04:37:33,400 --> 04:37:36,000
mortality. 
She survived with her health 

5260
04:37:36,000 --> 04:37:40,400
intact returning to secular 
fossil Life With A Renewed sense

5261
04:37:40,400 --> 04:37:43,400
of carpe diem. 
Her mother's circle of not 

5262
04:37:43,400 --> 04:37:47,000
diminished on the contrary, they
believe Jan's brush with 

5263
04:37:47,000 --> 04:37:49,700
potential tragedy demanded that 
she enjoyed the world's 

5264
04:37:49,700 --> 04:37:51,500
Pleasures with heightened 
urgency. 

5265
04:37:51,500 --> 04:37:55,700
By adolescents, she graced the 
occasional soiree. 

5266
04:37:56,500 --> 04:38:00,400
Her presents glowed, large 
expressive eyes. 

5267
04:38:00,400 --> 04:38:04,000
A lively intelligence and a 
measured confidence that the 

5268
04:38:04,000 --> 04:38:06,200
lied. 
Her youth one had to be careful 

5269
04:38:06,200 --> 04:38:08,300
though. 
Ambition in a woman could be 

5270
04:38:08,300 --> 04:38:12,000
ridiculed or scorned. 
So Jean, cultivated and outward,

5271
04:38:12,000 --> 04:38:15,300
modesty letting her Talent 
speaks Softly. 

5272
04:38:16,300 --> 04:38:20,000
Through the dynamic swirl of 
paris's, hauteur gatherings, she

5273
04:38:20,000 --> 04:38:22,099
eventually met Charles Guillaume
lenormand. 

5274
04:38:22,099 --> 04:38:27,000
Detials of her rumored Patron, 
father, this connection sparked 

5275
04:38:27,000 --> 04:38:30,000
talk of a suitable marriage. 
The match appealed to her 

5276
04:38:30,000 --> 04:38:32,099
mother, who hoped it would 
secure Jan's future? 

5277
04:38:32,800 --> 04:38:36,500
For her part jeans or in Charles
a kind soul, if not a blazing 

5278
04:38:36,500 --> 04:38:39,700
passion. 
The Union in 1741 launched her 

5279
04:38:39,700 --> 04:38:43,200
into a comfortable life of 
reception and Mild amusements on

5280
04:38:43,200 --> 04:38:46,300
their estate near Paris. 
Yet the city's gravitational 

5281
04:38:46,300 --> 04:38:50,200
pull was strong, Jen received 
numerous invitations to select, 

5282
04:38:50,200 --> 04:38:53,400
aristocratic salons, as people 
quickly noticed her wit in 

5283
04:38:53,400 --> 04:38:55,900
conversation. 
She did not shy it from 

5284
04:38:55,900 --> 04:38:59,400
discussing art or drama. 
From gently critiquing certain 

5285
04:38:59,400 --> 04:39:03,300
aspects of courtly extravagance,
that slight dash of candle 

5286
04:39:03,300 --> 04:39:06,099
balanced by charm. 
Distinguished her from the 

5287
04:39:06,108 --> 04:39:08,400
endless, parade of stiff 
self-conscious. 

5288
04:39:08,400 --> 04:39:14,099
Ladies within months wurt, there
is a Madam detour whose presence

5289
04:39:14,099 --> 04:39:18,300
lights up any Gathering. 
The contest of fokir introduced 

5290
04:39:18,300 --> 04:39:22,099
her to more exclusive circles 
culminating in an opportunity to

5291
04:39:22,099 --> 04:39:26,700
attend a masked ball at 
Versailles in 1745 celebrating 

5292
04:39:26,700 --> 04:39:30,599
the marriage of the Doha. 
There among a crush of masked 

5293
04:39:30,599 --> 04:39:33,599
revelers she caught the eye of 
King Louis of the 15. 

5294
04:39:34,500 --> 04:39:38,100
The king reticent by nature 
found in her, a refreshing 

5295
04:39:38,100 --> 04:39:41,600
mixture of Grace and candle. 
While elaborate intrigues 

5296
04:39:41,600 --> 04:39:45,000
swirled around him, this 
newcomer radiated sincerity, 

5297
04:39:45,000 --> 04:39:48,100
their brief conversation that 
evening was filled with an 

5298
04:39:48,100 --> 04:39:51,500
electricity that neither of them
could forget caught watches 

5299
04:39:51,500 --> 04:39:54,800
speculated but none predicted 
how swift the next moves would 

5300
04:39:54,800 --> 04:39:57,700
be. 
Madame Dettol was known naive 

5301
04:39:57,700 --> 04:40:00,000
made in. 
She recognized the risk of 

5302
04:40:00,008 --> 04:40:03,900
courting Royal attention. 
The previous Royal favorite, The

5303
04:40:03,900 --> 04:40:07,600
Duchess to Chateau had. 
Recently died, leaving an 

5304
04:40:07,600 --> 04:40:10,800
emotional Gap, in the King's 
life, Yet stepping into that 

5305
04:40:10,800 --> 04:40:14,400
void threatened Scandal, 
especially for a woman not of 

5306
04:40:14,400 --> 04:40:17,300
noble birth. 
Still from behind her. 

5307
04:40:17,300 --> 04:40:20,900
Modulated Smiles, Jean sense, 
Destiny aligning. 

5308
04:40:21,700 --> 04:40:23,400
The prophecy. 
Her mother wants whispered 

5309
04:40:23,400 --> 04:40:26,100
returned to mind. 
She would rule the heart of a 

5310
04:40:26,108 --> 04:40:28,800
king. 
She recognized that in a rigidly

5311
04:40:28,800 --> 04:40:32,800
stratified Society, becoming the
king's Confidant, might be her 

5312
04:40:32,800 --> 04:40:37,400
only path to real influence. 
By the Year's End, a plan was 

5313
04:40:37,400 --> 04:40:39,400
set in motion. 
The Kings Valley. 

5314
04:40:39,400 --> 04:40:42,800
Discreetly arranged, a meeting 
under the veil of secrecy, they 

5315
04:40:42,800 --> 04:40:46,000
exchanged letters. 
Her husband, outraged found 

5316
04:40:46,000 --> 04:40:49,000
himself powerless, the monarchy,
overshadowed personal protest. 

5317
04:40:49,800 --> 04:40:53,600
In March 1745. 
Louis the 15th arranged for her 

5318
04:40:53,600 --> 04:40:55,300
to be a presented at court 
formerly. 

5319
04:40:55,300 --> 04:40:59,000
The once lower Bourgeois Janelle
tournet was granted a title 

5320
04:40:59,000 --> 04:41:03,000
Marques de pompadour. 
It was a moment of metamorphosis

5321
04:41:03,000 --> 04:41:06,200
the fatherless child, the teased
girl, who studied the great 

5322
04:41:06,200 --> 04:41:09,500
playwrights now, stepped onto 
the grand stage of Versailles. 

5323
04:41:09,500 --> 04:41:12,600
The next decade would see her 
orchestrate art, patronage 

5324
04:41:12,600 --> 04:41:16,800
political alliances and shape 
the monarchies image yet behind 

5325
04:41:16,800 --> 04:41:21,300
the Gilded stereos a swirl of 
jealousy, rumor and heartbreak 

5326
04:41:21,300 --> 04:41:24,200
would dog. 
Her steps for now though, she 

5327
04:41:24,200 --> 04:41:26,600
embraced her new name. 
Madame, de pompadour and 

5328
04:41:26,600 --> 04:41:29,700
prepared to navigate, the 
Labyrinth of Royal favour in 

5329
04:41:29,700 --> 04:41:33,600
1745 when Jan Antoinette poisson
made her debut. 

5330
04:41:33,600 --> 04:41:37,500
As the newly minted Marquis De 
pompadour at their side, the 

5331
04:41:37,500 --> 04:41:39,400
Gilded corridors were filled 
with admiration. 

5332
04:41:39,400 --> 04:41:43,800
She became the first Bourgeois 
to receive open recognition from

5333
04:41:43,800 --> 04:41:48,000
a French King elegant, but not 
aristocratic her every move Drew

5334
04:41:48,000 --> 04:41:50,600
scrutiny. 
Enemies whispered that she had 

5335
04:41:50,600 --> 04:41:53,400
been witched Louis. 
The 15th others, admired, her 

5336
04:41:53,400 --> 04:41:56,700
graceful bearing praising her 
Flawless manners, and a 

5337
04:41:56,700 --> 04:41:59,200
cultivated charm that 
overshadowed even established 

5338
04:41:59,200 --> 04:42:01,900
duchesses. 
The king himself, displayed 

5339
04:42:01,900 --> 04:42:04,900
uncharacteristic devotion 
summoning her for private 

5340
04:42:04,900 --> 04:42:08,600
suppers parading her at formal 
events and awarding her lavish 

5341
04:42:08,600 --> 04:42:11,500
apartments. 
In the palace, Versailles was a 

5342
04:42:11,500 --> 04:42:14,700
realm of Illusions behind 
mirrored halls and Polished 

5343
04:42:14,700 --> 04:42:19,200
marbles like Cutthroat rivalries
the courtiers ephemeral in their

5344
04:42:19,200 --> 04:42:22,300
silks and powdered wigs circled 
Madame, de pompadour like 

5345
04:42:22,300 --> 04:42:25,600
vultures some attempted 
flattery, showering, her with 

5346
04:42:25,600 --> 04:42:28,500
compliments in hopes of winning 
her intercession with the King, 

5347
04:42:28,500 --> 04:42:31,400
others. 
Plotted to throw her fearing, 

5348
04:42:31,400 --> 04:42:34,400
that her influence might reshape
politics among these. 

5349
04:42:34,400 --> 04:42:36,200
Conspirators was the dolphin 
Circle. 

5350
04:42:36,200 --> 04:42:39,700
Along with older, aristocratic 
families, who scorned a mere 

5351
04:42:39,700 --> 04:42:42,000
commoner overshadowing them. 
Yet. 

5352
04:42:42,000 --> 04:42:45,600
Madame de pompadour remained 
unfazed, she had honed her 

5353
04:42:45,600 --> 04:42:48,000
social instincts in the 
Bourgeois salons and her 

5354
04:42:48,000 --> 04:42:50,300
intellect soared Beyond mere 
Cookie Tree. 

5355
04:42:51,000 --> 04:42:53,900
She recognized that the surest 
path to security was to make 

5356
04:42:53,900 --> 04:42:57,200
herself indispensable to Louis, 
the 15th, not merely as a 

5357
04:42:57,200 --> 04:43:00,800
bedfellow, but as a confidant. 
Counselor and orchestrator of 

5358
04:43:00,800 --> 04:43:03,500
cultural life. 
She set about renovating her 

5359
04:43:03,500 --> 04:43:06,500
living quarters pointing them 
with Sumptuous tapestries, 

5360
04:43:06,500 --> 04:43:09,300
elegant, furniture and curated 
artworks. 

5361
04:43:09,300 --> 04:43:11,500
The effort wasn't me a 
self-indulgent. 

5362
04:43:12,300 --> 04:43:15,700
It mirrored her ambition to make
Versailles a beacon of refined 

5363
04:43:15,700 --> 04:43:18,800
taste. 
Championed the Rococo aesthetic.

5364
04:43:19,500 --> 04:43:21,300
Style that favored. 
Playful curves. 

5365
04:43:21,300 --> 04:43:26,000
Pastel Hughes and Whimsical 
motifs under her patronage 

5366
04:43:26,000 --> 04:43:29,600
artists like Boucher and vanloo 
gained commissions for witty. 

5367
04:43:29,600 --> 04:43:33,000
Light-hearted paintings. 
Porcelain from the several 

5368
04:43:33,000 --> 04:43:35,800
Factory which he helped develop 
became a symbol of French 

5369
04:43:35,800 --> 04:43:39,600
craftsmanship prized across 
Europe. the Synergy of her 

5370
04:43:39,600 --> 04:43:42,900
aesthetic sense with the 
monarchy's resources, birthstone

5371
04:43:42,900 --> 04:43:45,900
era in which the French Court 
style reigned Supreme among 

5372
04:43:45,900 --> 04:43:49,400
Europe's Elites, But Madame, de 
pompadour, did not confine 

5373
04:43:49,400 --> 04:43:51,900
herself to the Arts. 
She also recognized the 

5374
04:43:51,900 --> 04:43:55,100
intricacies of diplomacy. 
France teetered between 

5375
04:43:55,100 --> 04:43:58,200
alliances with Spain Austria. 
Another Powers. 

5376
04:43:58,200 --> 04:44:01,100
Meanwhile rival Britain loomed 
across the channel. 

5377
04:44:01,100 --> 04:44:03,900
Its Navy, menacing French, 
Colonial interests. 

5378
04:44:03,900 --> 04:44:07,800
Louis the 15th though. 
Well, intentioned off of direct 

5379
04:44:07,800 --> 04:44:11,100
policy making retreating to 
hunting or private amusements. 

5380
04:44:11,100 --> 04:44:14,300
Pompadour stepped into that 
vacuum forging ties with 

5381
04:44:14,300 --> 04:44:17,100
ministers and ambassadors. 
She guided the choice of the 

5382
04:44:17,100 --> 04:44:20,300
foreign minister favored, 
certain generals and mediated 

5383
04:44:20,300 --> 04:44:22,800
tensions at home critics 
scorned. 

5384
04:44:22,800 --> 04:44:25,700
The idea of a woman, controlling
foreign policy, she brushed 

5385
04:44:25,700 --> 04:44:28,800
aside their derision focusing on
forging alliances that might 

5386
04:44:28,800 --> 04:44:32,200
bring stability. 
This 1756, diplomatic 

5387
04:44:32,200 --> 04:44:36,200
Revolution, aligning France with
Austria or her fingerprints. 

5388
04:44:37,100 --> 04:44:39,900
Although the subsequent Seven 
Years War turned disastrous for 

5389
04:44:39,900 --> 04:44:42,900
France, one cannot dismiss her 
attempt to recalibrate alliances

5390
04:44:42,900 --> 04:44:45,300
in a fracturing Europe. 
As mistress. 

5391
04:44:45,300 --> 04:44:48,300
She also faced the vulnerability
that her bedroom role might 

5392
04:44:48,300 --> 04:44:51,000
wane. 
Louis the 15th known for a 

5393
04:44:51,000 --> 04:44:53,900
roving I could have set her 
aside once novelty faded. 

5394
04:44:53,900 --> 04:44:57,300
She addressed that possibility 
head on by establishing a deeper

5395
04:44:57,300 --> 04:45:00,000
emotional bond with him. 
She cultivated a warm 

5396
04:45:00,000 --> 04:45:02,400
companionship shared 
intellectual Pursuits. 

5397
04:45:02,400 --> 04:45:06,200
And even managed his anxiety or 
indecision in state matters. 

5398
04:45:06,200 --> 04:45:10,100
Aware that physical intimacy 
might recede, she pivoted to 

5399
04:45:10,100 --> 04:45:13,700
become his loyal friend advising
on matters, ranging from 

5400
04:45:13,700 --> 04:45:15,700
building projects to Royal 
ceremony. 

5401
04:45:16,600 --> 04:45:19,500
Over time, though, the Romantic 
spark diminished. 

5402
04:45:20,200 --> 04:45:21,700
The emotional closeness, 
lingard. 

5403
04:45:22,500 --> 04:45:26,100
If gossips circulated that her 
sexual influence and ended, she 

5404
04:45:26,100 --> 04:45:30,200
retained the king's trusting her
place as a fixture at a quart. 

5405
04:45:31,200 --> 04:45:34,900
Amid the courts swirling 
intrigues, pompadours championed

5406
04:45:34,900 --> 04:45:38,100
philosophers and writers 
Voltaire previously. 

5407
04:45:38,100 --> 04:45:42,500
Scorned at Versailles found in 
her a rare Ally, she admired his

5408
04:45:42,500 --> 04:45:45,500
wit and the cautious about 
hurtley challenging the church 

5409
04:45:45,500 --> 04:45:47,900
or censorship she quietly 
facilitated. 

5410
04:45:47,900 --> 04:45:51,500
His projects did Rose and 
cyclops a compendium that 

5411
04:45:51,500 --> 04:45:55,100
threatened the old guard with 
new ideas, all so benefited in 

5412
04:45:55,100 --> 04:45:58,600
directly from her protective 
stance She believed that the 

5413
04:45:58,600 --> 04:46:01,000
monarchy could remain stable 
while fostering Progressive, 

5414
04:46:01,000 --> 04:46:05,200
thought an irony, perhaps, given
that future, revolutionaries 

5415
04:46:05,200 --> 04:46:08,200
Drew on such Enlightenment Works
to question Royal Authority. 

5416
04:46:09,000 --> 04:46:11,500
For her part pompadours or no 
contradiction. 

5417
04:46:12,100 --> 04:46:14,600
She wanted a monarchy Polished 
by reason and aesthetic 

5418
04:46:14,600 --> 04:46:17,100
Brilliance. 
Not a stagnant Relic in the 

5419
04:46:17,108 --> 04:46:20,100
shadows health. 
Concerns began plaguing her, she

5420
04:46:20,100 --> 04:46:23,200
suffered from bouts of illness, 
like the exacerbated, by stress.

5421
04:46:23,200 --> 04:46:27,400
The palace doctors incompetent 
by the modern standards offered 

5422
04:46:27,400 --> 04:46:30,700
only bleeding or tonics. 
She pressed on orchestrating 

5423
04:46:30,700 --> 04:46:34,100
plays hosting literary salons 
and continuing to counsel the 

5424
04:46:34,100 --> 04:46:37,600
king. 
The year, 1757 brought a narrow 

5425
04:46:37,600 --> 04:46:39,500
brush with death for Louie the 
15th. 

5426
04:46:40,200 --> 04:46:42,500
Which consisted of an 
assassination attempt by 

5427
04:46:42,500 --> 04:46:44,900
Damien's, which rattled the 
monarchy. 

5428
04:46:46,200 --> 04:46:50,000
Pompadours unwavering presents 
urging calm and punishing 

5429
04:46:50,000 --> 04:46:52,500
conspirators. 
Further, solidified her position

5430
04:46:53,300 --> 04:46:55,700
She had become more than a 
mistress or a decorative figure.

5431
04:46:55,700 --> 04:46:59,900
She was the monarchies anchor of
continuity, bridging personal 

5432
04:46:59,900 --> 04:47:02,500
comfort for the king and the 
broader cultural identity of the

5433
04:47:02,500 --> 04:47:05,800
era despite swirling rumor and 
envy. 

5434
04:47:05,800 --> 04:47:09,500
She pressed on aware that her 
star might dim at any moment, 

5435
04:47:09,500 --> 04:47:12,600
but determined to leave luminous
mark on France's cultural and 

5436
04:47:12,600 --> 04:47:17,200
political landscape. 
Has the 1750s advanced Madame de

5437
04:47:17,200 --> 04:47:19,500
pompadours Role in Versailles 
crystallized. 

5438
04:47:19,500 --> 04:47:23,400
She reigned as an unmatched 
patroness of the Arts, ensuring 

5439
04:47:23,400 --> 04:47:26,200
that the palace no longer served
solely as a symbol of absolute 

5440
04:47:26,200 --> 04:47:28,700
monarchy. 
But also as a stage for Creative

5441
04:47:28,700 --> 04:47:32,400
brilliance, She championed 
painters like Francois Boucher, 

5442
04:47:32,400 --> 04:47:35,500
whose pastoral scenes and 
playful mythologies, perfectly 

5443
04:47:35,500 --> 04:47:37,800
suited. 
The Rocco style pompadour adored

5444
04:47:37,800 --> 04:47:41,200
through her influence. 
Tapestry, workshops in Bove and 

5445
04:47:41,200 --> 04:47:44,600
goblins reached New Heights, 
weaving, dreamlike Landscapes, 

5446
04:47:44,600 --> 04:47:48,200
that graced Royal salons yet, 
her Artistry extended Beyond 

5447
04:47:48,200 --> 04:47:50,700
commission's. 
She personally oversaw, color 

5448
04:47:50,700 --> 04:47:54,400
schemes, interior, decorations, 
and table settings for State. 

5449
04:47:54,400 --> 04:47:58,200
Banquets In an age, when women's
influence was often restricted 

5450
04:47:58,200 --> 04:48:01,000
to the domestic sphere, 
pompadour turned domestic 

5451
04:48:01,000 --> 04:48:03,200
Aesthetics into a grand. 
Cultural statement 

5452
04:48:03,200 --> 04:48:07,700
simultaneously she strengthened 
ties with intellectuals, her 

5453
04:48:07,700 --> 04:48:11,400
secret exchanges of letters with
Voltaire stand out though she 

5454
04:48:11,408 --> 04:48:14,400
never fully endorsed his more 
radical critiques of religion or

5455
04:48:14,400 --> 04:48:18,200
monarchy She appreciated his wit
and recognized the advantage of 

5456
04:48:18,200 --> 04:48:19,700
having a famous pain on her 
side. 

5457
04:48:19,700 --> 04:48:23,600
The philosopher invade her 
proximity to power while she 

5458
04:48:23,600 --> 04:48:24,900
admired his intellectual 
boldness. 

5459
04:48:25,900 --> 04:48:28,700
Tail say she even facilitated 
voltaire's appointment as 

5460
04:48:28,700 --> 04:48:31,100
historiographer to Louis the 
15th, though. 

5461
04:48:31,100 --> 04:48:34,900
Discreetly them all to avoid, 
conservatives accusing her of 

5462
04:48:34,900 --> 04:48:38,300
promoting subversive ideas. 
She tread more carefully when 

5463
04:48:38,300 --> 04:48:41,800
dealing with diderot. 
The instructory tested the 

5464
04:48:41,800 --> 04:48:44,400
monarchy's tolerance so 
pompadour approached its 

5465
04:48:44,400 --> 04:48:47,800
controversies with caution 
ensuring that while sensors 

5466
04:48:47,800 --> 04:48:49,500
barked. 
They rarely bit too deep. 

5467
04:48:50,500 --> 04:48:53,900
She saw France's future in a 
delicate balance in lightened 

5468
04:48:53,900 --> 04:48:57,100
thinking, might modernize the 
monarchy, but unbridled 

5469
04:48:57,100 --> 04:48:59,000
criticism could incite 
Rebellion. 

5470
04:48:59,700 --> 04:49:03,200
Her relationship with the King 
evolved in tandem the early 

5471
04:49:03,200 --> 04:49:06,300
romantic further had called 
replaced by an affectionate 

5472
04:49:06,300 --> 04:49:09,000
friendship. 
Some courtiers quietly mocked 

5473
04:49:09,000 --> 04:49:12,200
that she no longer shared the 
Royal bed but had become 

5474
04:49:12,200 --> 04:49:15,200
headmistress of culture. 
Others believed she retained 

5475
04:49:15,200 --> 04:49:19,400
intangible intimacy beyond the 
Physical Realm, that anchored 

5476
04:49:19,400 --> 04:49:23,000
the king's trust, she became the
caretaker of his emotional 

5477
04:49:23,000 --> 04:49:25,600
well-being. 
Scheduled amusements to lighten 

5478
04:49:25,600 --> 04:49:28,600
his melancholic moods. 
She also shielded him from 

5479
04:49:28,600 --> 04:49:31,300
certain Noble factions who 
stoked Conflict for personal 

5480
04:49:31,300 --> 04:49:34,000
gain. 
If the king found more fleeting 

5481
04:49:34,000 --> 04:49:38,300
conquests Madame, de pompadour, 
rarely intervene focusing on 

5482
04:49:38,300 --> 04:49:42,000
preserving her unique Bond. 
She possessed a surprising 

5483
04:49:42,000 --> 04:49:45,700
Serenity, underpinned by the 
conviction that her Mastery of 

5484
04:49:45,708 --> 04:49:49,300
conversation, taste and 
sincerity kept her 

5485
04:49:49,300 --> 04:49:52,100
indispensable. 
However, the Seven Years War 

5486
04:49:52,100 --> 04:49:56,900
erupting in 1756 tested her 
position, the war, pitted 

5487
04:49:56,900 --> 04:50:00,200
France, against Britain Prussia 
and other shifting alliances 

5488
04:50:00,200 --> 04:50:04,200
many pointed at her, for the 
Diplomatic Revolution alliances 

5489
04:50:04,200 --> 04:50:07,100
that had France supporting 
Austria, the war's initial 

5490
04:50:07,100 --> 04:50:10,600
campaigns went poorly for France
specially overseas, where 

5491
04:50:10,600 --> 04:50:14,700
British Fleet seized French 
colonies at home, taxes soared 

5492
04:50:14,700 --> 04:50:18,500
to fund failing armies and the 
populace grew restive rival, 

5493
04:50:18,500 --> 04:50:22,500
courtiers pinned blame on 
pompadour accusing her of a 

5494
04:50:22,500 --> 04:50:25,700
mature in to fear. 
In Grand strategy, pamphleteers 

5495
04:50:25,700 --> 04:50:29,800
circulated, nasty character's 
depicting her in Throne pulling 

5496
04:50:29,800 --> 04:50:31,800
puppet strings while generals 
countdown. 

5497
04:50:31,800 --> 04:50:36,000
She responded calmly urging the 
king to replace incompetent 

5498
04:50:36,000 --> 04:50:39,000
ministers and reorganized, 
Finance finances, that morale 

5499
04:50:39,000 --> 04:50:41,200
was low. 
The humiliation on the 

5500
04:50:41,200 --> 04:50:44,500
battlefield tarnished, both the 
monarchies image and her own. 

5501
04:50:45,400 --> 04:50:49,000
In this crisis, she allied with 
the Duke Deshler a capable 

5502
04:50:49,000 --> 04:50:52,200
Statesman, who shared her vision
of stabilizing foreign policy 

5503
04:50:52,200 --> 04:50:54,700
together. 
They reformed, the Navy tried to

5504
04:50:54,700 --> 04:50:56,800
unify command and pursued new 
loans. 

5505
04:50:56,800 --> 04:51:00,200
The results took time these 
measures slowed, the Hemorrhage 

5506
04:51:00,200 --> 04:51:02,700
of French fortunes. 
Meanwhile, she commissioned 

5507
04:51:02,700 --> 04:51:05,900
elaborate stage entertainments 
within Versailles to maintain a 

5508
04:51:05,900 --> 04:51:09,900
veneer of opulence, hoping that 
even as the war, raged the court

5509
04:51:09,900 --> 04:51:12,400
sense of refinement like soothe,
the Kings anxieties. 

5510
04:51:13,100 --> 04:51:16,300
Critics referred to her. 
As frivolous yet she steadfastly

5511
04:51:16,300 --> 04:51:19,000
maintained that if the monarchy 
seemed to crumble from within 

5512
04:51:19,000 --> 04:51:21,500
the entire nation could become 
disheartened. 

5513
04:51:22,300 --> 04:51:24,800
Rumors swirled that she 
occasionally wept in private, at

5514
04:51:24,800 --> 04:51:28,000
the walls mounting casualties 
feeling guilt for the Diplomatic

5515
04:51:28,000 --> 04:51:29,600
shifts. 
That had set off the conflicts 

5516
04:51:29,600 --> 04:51:32,500
chain of events. 
Others, insisted her tears were 

5517
04:51:32,500 --> 04:51:34,200
for the loss of her own 
political clout. 

5518
04:51:35,000 --> 04:51:37,900
The truth, likely combine. 
These facets as a woman 

5519
04:51:37,908 --> 04:51:40,100
possessing more influence than 
many Statesmen. 

5520
04:51:40,100 --> 04:51:42,200
She carried a heavy burden of 
accountability. 

5521
04:51:42,200 --> 04:51:46,600
Nonetheless, she pressed on with
unwavering composure, greeting 

5522
04:51:46,600 --> 04:51:48,900
ambassadors. 
Politely offering them, the best

5523
04:51:48,900 --> 04:51:52,500
French wines and deflecting 
barbs about lost battles with 

5524
04:51:52,500 --> 04:51:55,500
the impeccable politeness of a 
Hostess who would not let Gloom 

5525
04:51:55,500 --> 04:51:56,900
overshadow, the monarchy's 
Majesty. 

5526
04:51:56,900 --> 04:52:01,100
All the while a health frayed 
she suffered from frequent 

5527
04:52:01,100 --> 04:52:03,700
migraines. 
Respiratory infections, and 

5528
04:52:03,700 --> 04:52:07,600
perhaps, the early signs of 
tuberculosis, their sizes, damp 

5529
04:52:07,600 --> 04:52:11,100
corridors and unpredictable 
weather, hardly helped Yet to 

5530
04:52:11,100 --> 04:52:13,700
preserve Her Image. 
She rarely admitted weakness 

5531
04:52:13,700 --> 04:52:16,800
continuing to preside over 
official gatherings, in 

5532
04:52:16,800 --> 04:52:19,800
Sumptuous gowns, a faint smile 
on her lips. 

5533
04:52:19,800 --> 04:52:24,400
She confided in a small circle 
noting that though her body felt

5534
04:52:24,400 --> 04:52:27,900
battered a spirit remained. 
Fiery, she was no naive on 

5535
04:52:27,900 --> 04:52:31,100
Juneau she recognized that if 
her health collapsed, her 

5536
04:52:31,100 --> 04:52:34,300
enemies would swoop in 
reconfiguring the monarchy 

5537
04:52:34,300 --> 04:52:37,000
circle of favorites. 
She needed to maintain her 

5538
04:52:37,000 --> 04:52:40,100
integrity at least in public to 
prevent the flame of her 

5539
04:52:40,100 --> 04:52:43,200
Ambitions from fading. 
As the war continued into the 

5540
04:52:43,200 --> 04:52:47,000
early 1760s, the reputation of 
Madame de pompadour began to 

5541
04:52:47,000 --> 04:52:52,000
fade due to her numerous defeats
many corners of Vesey whispered 

5542
04:52:52,000 --> 04:52:54,900
that the monarchy needed 
scapegoat for the lost battles 

5543
04:52:54,900 --> 04:52:57,700
and distant lands. 
Like the humiliation in India, 

5544
04:52:57,700 --> 04:53:01,600
and Canada, and who better to 
blame than the Bourgeois turned 

5545
04:53:01,600 --> 04:53:04,700
State's woman. 
Meanwhile King Louis. 

5546
04:53:04,700 --> 04:53:08,700
The 15th had grown more taciturn
burdened by Gloom as reports 

5547
04:53:08,700 --> 04:53:10,900
from the front lines, showcased 
it Fiasco. 

5548
04:53:10,900 --> 04:53:14,700
After Fiasco pompadour though 
refused to retreat Into 

5549
04:53:14,700 --> 04:53:17,500
Obscurity, she believed her 
cultural Legacy. 

5550
04:53:17,500 --> 04:53:21,100
If not her foreign policies 
might get Salvage, her name in 

5551
04:53:21,100 --> 04:53:24,900
history, she threw herself into 
Grand architectural projects. 

5552
04:53:24,900 --> 04:53:28,100
The petty Trianon. 
For instance, took shape as a 

5553
04:53:28,100 --> 04:53:31,900
small shadow in the palace's 
grounds officially, it was an 

5554
04:53:31,900 --> 04:53:35,200
expression of refined tastes an 
embodiment of the new 

5555
04:53:35,200 --> 04:53:37,500
neoclassical style. 
That was edging out. 

5556
04:53:37,508 --> 04:53:41,100
Rocco flamboyant. 
Pompadour championed this shift,

5557
04:53:41,100 --> 04:53:46,000
instructing Architects to favor 
Clarity portion and a gentle 

5558
04:53:46,000 --> 04:53:49,000
grandeur. 
She oversaw landscaping and 

5559
04:53:49,000 --> 04:53:51,700
showing the gardens offered a 
tranquil Retreat, from their 

5560
04:53:51,700 --> 04:53:55,000
size, stifling pomp. 
Though, some courtiers mocked 

5561
04:53:55,000 --> 04:53:57,900
the expense emitter draining 
War, she defended it as 

5562
04:53:57,900 --> 04:53:59,700
fostering National Artistry and 
craftsmanship. 

5563
04:53:59,700 --> 04:54:04,600
Indeed her unwavering support 
for several porcelain tapestry 

5564
04:54:04,600 --> 04:54:07,700
Weavers and furniture makers 
kept them afloat, despite 

5565
04:54:07,700 --> 04:54:11,300
war-induced Financial crises 
these actions, ironically 

5566
04:54:11,300 --> 04:54:14,200
preserved, France's Global 
reputation for luxury goods. 

5567
04:54:14,200 --> 04:54:18,800
Even as military fortunes waned,
a more private Pastime was her 

5568
04:54:18,800 --> 04:54:20,500
encouragement of scientific 
curiosity. 

5569
04:54:20,500 --> 04:54:24,000
She facilitated Gatherings where
mathematicians and natural 

5570
04:54:24,000 --> 04:54:27,300
philosophers demonstrated the 
latest theories on electricity 

5571
04:54:27,300 --> 04:54:31,900
or the Cosmos on rare nights. 
The king himself might wander in

5572
04:54:31,900 --> 04:54:35,300
feigning mild interest while she
asked pointed questions about 

5573
04:54:35,300 --> 04:54:37,600
planetary, orbits or 
experimental Contraptions. 

5574
04:54:37,600 --> 04:54:41,100
If Summit Court, founded absurd 
for a mistress to delve into 

5575
04:54:41,100 --> 04:54:43,200
science. 
She responded with An Elegant 

5576
04:54:43,200 --> 04:54:46,700
Beauty. 
She believed encompassed 

5577
04:54:46,700 --> 04:54:49,400
knowledge too though. 
Never an Enlightenment radical. 

5578
04:54:49,400 --> 04:54:51,300
She saw. 
No harm in letting conversation 

5579
04:54:51,300 --> 04:54:54,700
roam Beyond strict Orthodoxy. 
Provided it didn't undermine 

5580
04:54:54,700 --> 04:54:57,400
monarchy or faith. 
At her private dinners. 

5581
04:54:57,400 --> 04:54:59,400
One might overhear discussion of
Newton. 

5582
04:54:59,400 --> 04:55:02,900
Echoes of voltaire's praise for 
Newtonian physics and 

5583
04:55:02,900 --> 04:55:05,900
speculations about whether the 
cosmos reflected God's Grandeur 

5584
04:55:05,900 --> 04:55:09,400
or reasons Supremacy. 
Despite this glow of 

5585
04:55:09,400 --> 04:55:13,700
intellectual patronage. 
The war pounded on culminating 

5586
04:55:13,700 --> 04:55:17,800
in the Treaty of Paris 1763, 
which sealed Francis losses 

5587
04:55:17,800 --> 04:55:21,600
overseas, the Kings. 
Morale sank further as did 

5588
04:55:21,600 --> 04:55:24,600
public opinion of the monarchy, 
exchequer coffers had been 

5589
04:55:24,608 --> 04:55:27,800
gutted, complicating, the 
monarchies ability to placate, 

5590
04:55:27,800 --> 04:55:31,800
unrest at home. 
The Marquis faced renewed calls 

5591
04:55:31,800 --> 04:55:34,400
from influential dukes and 
princes to step aside. 

5592
04:55:35,300 --> 04:55:38,500
But each time Louis the 15th 
reaffirmed, her presence. 

5593
04:55:39,500 --> 04:55:42,200
telling critics quietly that her
loyalty and Council were more 

5594
04:55:42,208 --> 04:55:45,800
precious than ephemeral 
scapegoats even so her influence

5595
04:55:45,800 --> 04:55:49,300
on foreign or Economic Policy 
receded somewhat seeding, space 

5596
04:55:49,300 --> 04:55:53,200
to ministers, like the Duke de 
she recognized that sometimes 

5597
04:55:53,200 --> 04:55:56,000
stepping back could preserve her
position in a monarchy grown 

5598
04:55:56,000 --> 04:55:59,700
suspicious of overreach. 
A personal life took a bitter, 

5599
04:55:59,700 --> 04:56:02,500
sweet turn as well while she and
Louis the 15th, parted 

5600
04:56:02,500 --> 04:56:05,000
physically, there are emotional 
bond injured. 

5601
04:56:05,000 --> 04:56:07,900
She oversaw some discrete new 
favorite for the king. 

5602
04:56:07,900 --> 04:56:10,500
Ensuring they remained 
overshadowed by her. 

5603
04:56:10,500 --> 04:56:14,100
She and emotional role. 
This Arrangement caused outward 

5604
04:56:14,100 --> 04:56:17,600
Scandal like a mistress who 
arranged lesser Mistresses for 

5605
04:56:17,600 --> 04:56:21,000
the king to her. 
It was a strategy to maintain 

5606
04:56:21,000 --> 04:56:23,600
Unity. 
She avoided Illusions about 

5607
04:56:23,600 --> 04:56:25,800
romance. 
She valued the monarchy 

5608
04:56:25,800 --> 04:56:30,100
stability, her safety, and the 
King's contentment. courteous 

5609
04:56:30,100 --> 04:56:33,600
who smelt hypocrisy could do 
little but whisper, Meanwhile, 

5610
04:56:33,600 --> 04:56:37,400
exhaustion ordered her, her 
health demands sword. 

5611
04:56:37,400 --> 04:56:41,000
She sought cures in Mineral 
baths sojourns to Fresh country,

5612
04:56:41,000 --> 04:56:44,600
air or quack-quack that times 
she coughed blood. 

5613
04:56:44,600 --> 04:56:47,400
A dire sign. 
Doctors pleaded with her to 

5614
04:56:47,400 --> 04:56:51,000
relinquish intense Court duties,
she demurred worried. 

5615
04:56:51,000 --> 04:56:54,100
The vacuum might invite her 
enemies to Corner the King on 

5616
04:56:54,100 --> 04:56:56,100
good days, she could host a 
modest dinner. 

5617
04:56:56,100 --> 04:56:58,500
Entertaining ambassadors with 
Ryan. 

5618
04:56:58,500 --> 04:57:01,500
Anecdotes about cultural Trifles
on terrible days. 

5619
04:57:01,500 --> 04:57:05,600
She lay bedridden instructing 
made to live Souls deliver 

5620
04:57:05,600 --> 04:57:09,700
urgent messages to or from the 
king's cabinet rumors circulated

5621
04:57:09,700 --> 04:57:11,400
that she might not outlive the 
decade. 

5622
04:57:12,000 --> 04:57:14,000
Some courtiers rejoiced in that 
possibility. 

5623
04:57:15,500 --> 04:57:18,800
One more morning in 1764 she 
traveled to Paris from medical 

5624
04:57:18,800 --> 04:57:22,600
consultation. 
City a buzz with new philosophic

5625
04:57:22,600 --> 04:57:26,000
clubs, briefly reminded her of 
simpler times long before she 

5626
04:57:26,000 --> 04:57:30,000
was Madame de pompadour, when 
she was just gendered by the 

5627
04:57:30,000 --> 04:57:32,800
capitals. 
Vibrant sea Nostalgia, mingled 

5628
04:57:32,800 --> 04:57:37,400
with anxiety about her fate, the
doctors diagnosis was grim and 

5629
04:57:37,400 --> 04:57:41,100
advanced pulmonary disease. 
She still resolved to return to 

5630
04:57:41,108 --> 04:57:44,600
their SI determined not to show.
Mortal Frailty and front of her 

5631
04:57:44,600 --> 04:57:47,000
detractors. 
The monarchy demanded, the 

5632
04:57:47,000 --> 04:57:52,000
facade of unchanging Grace. 
In April 1764, her condition, 

5633
04:57:52,000 --> 04:57:56,100
deteriorated sharply her final 
days, saw her writing letters to

5634
04:57:56,100 --> 04:57:59,000
Loyal friends. 
Expressing regret, not for her 

5635
04:57:59,000 --> 04:58:02,200
climb, but for the Heartbreak 
inflicted and the wars tragedies

5636
04:58:02,200 --> 04:58:06,300
the king uncharacteristically. 
Emotional visited her. 

5637
04:58:06,300 --> 04:58:10,900
Bedside offering Comfort on 
April, 15th. 1764 Madame de 

5638
04:58:10,900 --> 04:58:14,100
pompadour died, at the age of 
42, the courts immediate 

5639
04:58:14,100 --> 04:58:16,200
response was a wave of mixed 
sentiment. 

5640
04:58:16,200 --> 04:58:19,900
Some courtiers were relieved 
others stunned at the end of an 

5641
04:58:19,900 --> 04:58:22,600
era. 
The king famously stoic, watched

5642
04:58:22,600 --> 04:58:27,100
her coffee in the rain 
reportedly muttering every day. 

5643
04:58:27,100 --> 04:58:31,500
I lose a friend, the mistress 
who had soared from bourjois to 

5644
04:58:31,500 --> 04:58:35,600
the Apex of courtly power. 
Now belong to history, leaving 

5645
04:58:35,600 --> 04:58:39,200
behind a legacy of cultural 
Revival overshadowed, by a 

5646
04:58:39,200 --> 04:58:43,000
disastrous War though. 
A femoral in Mortal form her. 

5647
04:58:43,000 --> 04:58:46,000
Imprint on France's art 
diplomacy and monarchical 

5648
04:58:46,000 --> 04:58:48,600
identity resonated long after 
her final breath. 

5649
04:58:49,400 --> 04:58:51,800
The news of the death of Madame 
de pompadour swept, through 

5650
04:58:51,800 --> 04:58:55,700
France's chattering classes, a 
casket left side quietly, 

5651
04:58:55,700 --> 04:58:57,800
without the state honors, some 
believe. 

5652
04:58:57,800 --> 04:59:01,500
She deserved signifying, the 
monarchies official reluctant to

5653
04:59:01,500 --> 04:59:05,000
over celebrate. 
A mistress Yet Beyond The Palace

5654
04:59:05,000 --> 04:59:09,800
Gates, a more nuanced reaction 
emerged, The Artisans of several

5655
04:59:09,800 --> 04:59:13,100
porcelain laid wreaths in her 
memory recalling that her 

5656
04:59:13,100 --> 04:59:16,000
patronage had elevated their 
craft to Global renown. 

5657
04:59:16,600 --> 04:59:19,300
Playwrights in paris's bustling 
theaters acknowledged her 

5658
04:59:19,308 --> 04:59:22,000
crucial role in supporting 
comedic and dramatic Works, 

5659
04:59:22,000 --> 04:59:25,800
especially those by authors who 
previously found no foothold at 

5660
04:59:25,800 --> 04:59:28,200
court. 
The city's literacy debated, 

5661
04:59:28,200 --> 04:59:31,500
whether she'd been a subversive 
Ally of Enlightenment, or 

5662
04:59:31,500 --> 04:59:33,900
merely, an opportunist, who 
shielded radical writers from 

5663
04:59:33,900 --> 04:59:37,000
Duck censorship. 
In the Years following her 

5664
04:59:37,000 --> 04:59:40,600
passing, a swirl of Memoirs and 
Diaries from court inside as 

5665
04:59:40,600 --> 04:59:42,400
added complexities to her 
portrait. 

5666
04:59:43,200 --> 04:59:47,200
Some like the Chester pranka 
insisted pompadour was cunning, 

5667
04:59:47,200 --> 04:59:50,800
but never malicious referencing 
times when she mediated petty 

5668
04:59:50,800 --> 04:59:52,900
feuds and sought to reduce Court
punishments. 

5669
04:59:52,900 --> 04:59:56,700
Others, such as the Commodities 
and portrayed her as 

5670
04:59:56,700 --> 05:00:00,300
manipulative, citing how she 
influenced Louis the 15th to 

5671
05:00:00,300 --> 05:00:03,900
ostracize certain ministers, the
truth, likely encompassed both 

5672
05:00:03,908 --> 05:00:06,600
dimensions. 
A woman forging alliances to 

5673
05:00:06,600 --> 05:00:10,000
survive in elaborate of power 
occasionally stupid to Intrigue 

5674
05:00:10,000 --> 05:00:14,800
but also championing genuine. 
Reforms posthumously Voltaire 

5675
05:00:14,800 --> 05:00:16,600
Pender measured eulogy calling 
her. 

5676
05:00:16,600 --> 05:00:20,200
The Luminaire who strove to 
lighten the Gloom of a fractious

5677
05:00:20,200 --> 05:00:23,600
monarchy. he didn't shy from 
acknowledging her mistakes, 

5678
05:00:23,600 --> 05:00:27,500
particularly in foreign policy, 
yet lorded, her role in fueling 

5679
05:00:27,500 --> 05:00:31,100
the Arts This balance tribute 
resonated with the segment of 

5680
05:00:31,100 --> 05:00:34,000
the population that recognized 
how precarious her place at 

5681
05:00:34,000 --> 05:00:36,400
courted. 
Bean pinned between satisfying, 

5682
05:00:36,400 --> 05:00:39,600
a king's ephemeral desires and 
wielding real influence in a 

5683
05:00:39,600 --> 05:00:40,500
male-dominated. 
Sphere. 

5684
05:00:41,400 --> 05:00:43,800
In an Epoch dismissive of 
women's public roles. 

5685
05:00:43,800 --> 05:00:47,800
Her achievements were singular. 
Over the subsequent, decade the 

5686
05:00:47,800 --> 05:00:51,100
monarchy Advanced under new 
favorite and alliances Louis. 

5687
05:00:51,100 --> 05:00:54,800
The 15th though he took other 
Mistresses never found the same 

5688
05:00:54,800 --> 05:00:56,300
Confidant. 
Dynamic. 

5689
05:00:57,100 --> 05:01:00,000
Madame du Barry. 
For instance, faced more direct 

5690
05:01:00,000 --> 05:01:03,200
contempt from the old 
aristocracy lacking pompadours, 

5691
05:01:03,200 --> 05:01:07,500
cultivated veneer pompadours 
circle of loyal, ministers, like

5692
05:01:07,500 --> 05:01:10,900
the Duke de tried to salvage. 
What they could from The 

5693
05:01:10,900 --> 05:01:13,000
Diplomatic Fiasco's of the Seven
Years War. 

5694
05:01:13,800 --> 05:01:16,900
A few smaller successes in 
overseas, negotiations carried 

5695
05:01:16,900 --> 05:01:20,900
an echo of her strategic vision.
Yet the monarchies standing with

5696
05:01:20,900 --> 05:01:24,100
the populace. 
Remain tarnished, the costly War

5697
05:01:24,100 --> 05:01:27,600
had battered finance's. 
Sowing seeds for deep unrest. 

5698
05:01:27,600 --> 05:01:32,400
That would erupt decades later. 
As Time wore on Madame, de 

5699
05:01:32,400 --> 05:01:35,300
pompadours memory became 
entangled with criticisms of the

5700
05:01:35,300 --> 05:01:38,300
Osceola regime. 
Revolutionary pamphlets in the 

5701
05:01:38,308 --> 05:01:40,800
late 1780s. 
Brandished her name as a symbol 

5702
05:01:40,800 --> 05:01:43,500
of courtly excess. 
They painted her as one who 

5703
05:01:43,500 --> 05:01:47,400
indulgently rearranged finances 
for personal luxuries, she 

5704
05:01:47,400 --> 05:01:50,000
symbolized to them. 
The moral corruption, that 

5705
05:01:50,000 --> 05:01:53,300
allowed a monarchy to Lavish 
wealth on elaborate Pleasures 

5706
05:01:53,300 --> 05:01:56,300
while peasant starved. 
The Nuance that. 

5707
05:01:56,300 --> 05:01:59,300
She was also a champion of Arts 
that she tried to moderate The 

5708
05:01:59,300 --> 05:02:01,700
monarchy's. 
Stumbling often got lost in the 

5709
05:02:01,708 --> 05:02:06,100
fur of Revolution, by the 1790s,
anything associated with, the 

5710
05:02:06,100 --> 05:02:10,100
monarchy was suspect and her 
carefully, curated style, Rico, 

5711
05:02:10,100 --> 05:02:13,800
extravagant became an emblem of 
the out of touch aristocrat. 

5712
05:02:14,600 --> 05:02:17,400
Yet ironically some 
revolutionaries who rummage 

5713
05:02:17,400 --> 05:02:20,200
through confiscated palaces, 
discovered references to her 

5714
05:02:20,200 --> 05:02:23,700
philanthropic gestures, she had 
quietly funded orphanages, 

5715
05:02:23,700 --> 05:02:28,300
assisted certain Scholars or 
patronized hospitals, these acts

5716
05:02:28,300 --> 05:02:31,400
showcased were a good gesture. 
Though overshadowed by the 

5717
05:02:31,400 --> 05:02:33,400
general wave of anti-royalists 
sentiment. 

5718
05:02:34,300 --> 05:02:36,900
By the 19th century. 
A wave of new historians 

5719
05:02:36,900 --> 05:02:40,300
Revisited, her story. 
Portraying her less as a 

5720
05:02:40,300 --> 05:02:42,800
villain, and more as a 
reflection of monarchy's last 

5721
05:02:42,800 --> 05:02:46,400
attempts to remain relevant. 
They cited her patronage as 

5722
05:02:46,400 --> 05:02:49,700
crucial in forging, a golden age
of decorative Arts recognized 

5723
05:02:49,700 --> 05:02:53,900
internationally, the several 
porcelain brand by then globally

5724
05:02:53,900 --> 05:02:57,700
cherished was inextricably 
linked to her impetus cultural 

5725
05:02:57,700 --> 05:03:01,500
memory, thus sea sword, 
biographers in the Victorian 

5726
05:03:01,500 --> 05:03:05,500
era, enthralled by the romance 
of Royal courts depicted her as 

5727
05:03:05,500 --> 05:03:07,800
a tragic figure. 
The beautiful mistress 

5728
05:03:07,800 --> 05:03:11,000
overshadowed by War and ill 
health, valiantly saving off the

5729
05:03:11,008 --> 05:03:14,100
monarchies decline. 
They relished dramatic details 

5730
05:03:14,100 --> 05:03:17,500
of her, elaborate Fashions, her 
signature pastel dresses, floral

5731
05:03:17,500 --> 05:03:21,100
motifs and the pompadour 
hairstyle that ironically 

5732
05:03:21,100 --> 05:03:24,600
endured in hairdressing law. 
Meanwhile critics from more 

5733
05:03:24,600 --> 05:03:28,400
austere backgrounds, in tangling
France, in alliance's that 

5734
05:03:28,400 --> 05:03:32,000
backfired 20th century 
scholarship with its punctual 

5735
05:03:32,000 --> 05:03:36,800
for analyzing female agency. 
Has re-evaluated her as a 

5736
05:03:36,800 --> 05:03:40,600
political actor who Leverage The
errors constraints to carve out 

5737
05:03:40,600 --> 05:03:44,300
real influence. 
Albeit over shadowed by system, 

5738
05:03:44,300 --> 05:03:46,400
not designed to respect or 
credit her fully. 

5739
05:03:47,200 --> 05:03:49,200
In present day travelers to 
their side. 

5740
05:03:49,200 --> 05:03:50,900
Often asked about Madame de 
pompadour. 

5741
05:03:51,600 --> 05:03:54,200
Tour guides highlight the 
surviving Decor, she influenced 

5742
05:03:54,200 --> 05:03:57,100
certain pastel lacquered rooms 
or delicate. 

5743
05:03:57,100 --> 05:03:59,800
Vases. 
They mention how she nurtured 

5744
05:03:59,800 --> 05:04:02,600
the Rococo Styles. 
Final flourish Bridging, the 

5745
05:04:02,608 --> 05:04:06,400
Brock opulence of earlier years 
with subtle playful Elegance. 

5746
05:04:07,400 --> 05:04:09,800
Museums occasionally Mount 
exhibits on her, cultural 

5747
05:04:09,800 --> 05:04:13,800
patronage her face captured in 
portraits by artists like 

5748
05:04:13,800 --> 05:04:17,400
Boucher exudes, a gentle 
confidence that transcends 

5749
05:04:17,400 --> 05:04:20,200
centuries for admirers of 18th 
century history. 

5750
05:04:20,200 --> 05:04:23,800
She stands as a figure who in 
the swirl of monarchies 

5751
05:04:23,800 --> 05:04:27,300
extravagance and looming, social
tension found a way to channel 

5752
05:04:27,300 --> 05:04:30,300
her intellect and Artistry, 
imprinting a distinctive 

5753
05:04:30,300 --> 05:04:31,800
feminine mark on French 
heritage. 

5754
05:04:32,600 --> 05:04:36,000
As modern historians, re-examine
maddened, a pompados life, they 

5755
05:04:36,000 --> 05:04:39,000
continued to discover layers on 
mentioned in popular accounts. 

5756
05:04:39,000 --> 05:04:42,400
Her personal correspondence, 
scattered across archives, in 

5757
05:04:42,400 --> 05:04:44,500
Paris, and provincial Chateau 
reveals. 

5758
05:04:44,500 --> 05:04:46,700
A woman who wrestled with 
theological questions. 

5759
05:04:46,700 --> 05:04:49,900
Contrary to the jaded depiction 
of her as purely secular. 

5760
05:04:50,800 --> 05:04:53,300
She wrote to a confidant about 
the tension between the pomp of 

5761
05:04:53,308 --> 05:04:56,500
Versailles and a spiritual 
yearning, confessing a sense of 

5762
05:04:56,508 --> 05:05:00,100
guilt at times but also belief 
that God might call individuals 

5763
05:05:00,100 --> 05:05:03,700
to serve in worldly spheres. 
The spiritual Dimension, 

5764
05:05:03,700 --> 05:05:06,900
complicates stereotypes that she
was solely driven by ambition or

5765
05:05:06,900 --> 05:05:10,000
vanity. 
Moreover Diaries from Palace 

5766
05:05:10,000 --> 05:05:11,700
servants shed light on her daily
routines. 

5767
05:05:11,700 --> 05:05:15,000
She Rose early to handle letters
from provincial officials or 

5768
05:05:15,000 --> 05:05:17,900
meet with Artisans about 
furniture designs by 

5769
05:05:17,900 --> 05:05:19,900
mid-morning. 
She might be advising the King 

5770
05:05:19,900 --> 05:05:22,800
on which courtiers to promote by
afternoon. 

5771
05:05:22,800 --> 05:05:26,100
She oversaw rehearsals of 
comedic plays or small operas 

5772
05:05:26,100 --> 05:05:29,500
arrest by the war weary monarchy
in the evening. 

5773
05:05:29,500 --> 05:05:31,500
Private. 
Dinners with the King wreath, in

5774
05:05:31,508 --> 05:05:34,700
the flicker of candle, Lich 
chandeliers allowed her to glean

5775
05:05:34,700 --> 05:05:38,000
insights into his anxieties. 
She balanced each role with 

5776
05:05:38,000 --> 05:05:41,100
remarkable stamina, though, 
migraines and palpitations. 

5777
05:05:41,100 --> 05:05:44,700
Often tormented her A newly, 
discovered note from her lady, 

5778
05:05:44,700 --> 05:05:47,900
in waiting described. 
How after hosting a lavish ball 

5779
05:05:47,900 --> 05:05:52,000
pompadour, would retire behind 
closed doors, pressing cold 

5780
05:05:52,000 --> 05:05:56,000
cloths, to her forehead, tears 
of pain, slipping quietly as she

5781
05:05:56,008 --> 05:05:58,900
resolved, not to betrayed 
weakness the following day in 

5782
05:05:58,900 --> 05:06:02,000
addressing her romantically 
Azan, it's easy to assume her. 

5783
05:06:02,000 --> 05:06:05,900
Life was consumed by the king's 
attention yet subtle references.

5784
05:06:05,900 --> 05:06:08,700
Suggest you want Harvard 
affections for an unnamed Court 

5785
05:06:08,700 --> 05:06:11,400
musician. 
Exchanging whispered confidence 

5786
05:06:11,400 --> 05:06:14,600
is in Corridor. 
Alkos realizing the danger in 

5787
05:06:14,600 --> 05:06:18,700
such a dalliance she ended its 
swiftly to avoid Scandal leaving

5788
05:06:18,700 --> 05:06:21,100
behind a clue to her capacity 
for self-denial. 

5789
05:06:21,900 --> 05:06:25,500
Another rumored flame was a 
philosopher, she corresponded 

5790
05:06:25,500 --> 05:06:29,200
with under a pseudonym whether 
that was purely intellectual or 

5791
05:06:29,200 --> 05:06:33,100
tinged with romance remains 
debated, the overriding truth is

5792
05:06:33,100 --> 05:06:36,200
that she recognized that 
enthralling the king required 

5793
05:06:36,200 --> 05:06:39,600
keeping secrets she had to 
preserve the monarchy Solutions,

5794
05:06:39,600 --> 05:06:42,100
even if that meant sacrificing 
personal longing. 

5795
05:06:43,000 --> 05:06:45,400
And a sense of strategy and 
coping with the backstabbing 

5796
05:06:45,400 --> 05:06:48,800
environment remained striking, 
she carefully, placed allies in 

5797
05:06:48,800 --> 05:06:53,900
minor roles a Guard Captain, a 
Chamberlain, a bishop so that 

5798
05:06:53,900 --> 05:06:56,200
vital threads of Palace life, 
LED back to her. 

5799
05:06:56,200 --> 05:07:00,000
If a plot surfaced, she'd hear 
rumors early enough to steer the

5800
05:07:00,008 --> 05:07:03,800
king away or Quail conspirators,
she likewise practice generosity

5801
05:07:03,800 --> 05:07:06,800
to those in. 
Need awarding small, pensions to

5802
05:07:06,800 --> 05:07:08,800
older, courtiers or assisting 
impoverished. 

5803
05:07:08,800 --> 05:07:11,800
Aristocats with dowries, this 
generosity wasn't purely 

5804
05:07:11,800 --> 05:07:14,800
altruistic, it fostered, an 
environment, where indebted 

5805
05:07:14,800 --> 05:07:18,400
Souls recognized her, as a 
pillar of stability for many at 

5806
05:07:18,400 --> 05:07:20,800
court. 
She assumed the role of a quiet,

5807
05:07:20,800 --> 05:07:24,200
caretaker serving as a bridge 
between a distant monarchy and 

5808
05:07:24,208 --> 05:07:28,200
every day crisis, in an era 
lacking official welfare, her 

5809
05:07:28,200 --> 05:07:31,900
Petronas served as an informal 
safety, net, the deeply personal

5810
05:07:31,900 --> 05:07:34,900
dimension of her existence was 
her unwavering Devotion to her 

5811
05:07:34,900 --> 05:07:37,800
daughter alexandrine born before
her? 

5812
05:07:37,800 --> 05:07:41,100
Ascendancy of versaille. 
The child well-being, weighed 

5813
05:07:41,100 --> 05:07:44,600
heavily on pompadours mine. 
Alexandrian was placed in a 

5814
05:07:44,608 --> 05:07:47,600
Convent for education. 
Occasionally visiting the 

5815
05:07:47,600 --> 05:07:51,800
palace. 
Inn 1754, alexandrine died 

5816
05:07:51,800 --> 05:07:55,900
unexpectedly of peritonitis the 
Heartbreak shattered, pompadour 

5817
05:07:55,900 --> 05:07:59,700
who wept inconsolably for days, 
nearly refusing to appear in 

5818
05:07:59,700 --> 05:08:02,500
public. 
The king not known for empathy 

5819
05:08:02,500 --> 05:08:05,500
attempted constellation, but her
grief. 

5820
05:08:05,500 --> 05:08:09,400
Lingard, some historians. 
Pinpoint this tragedy as a pivot

5821
05:08:09,400 --> 05:08:12,500
in their relationship. 
Transforming her from a radiant 

5822
05:08:12,500 --> 05:08:15,400
figure, to one more 
introspective channeling energy,

5823
05:08:15,400 --> 05:08:19,400
into cultural projects, She sold
them spoke of alexandrine 

5824
05:08:19,400 --> 05:08:22,200
publicly but references to 
manage Perdue in her letters. 

5825
05:08:22,200 --> 05:08:25,800
Allude to that, maternal sorrow 
Beneath The Gold Lace for sad. 

5826
05:08:26,800 --> 05:08:30,000
As the monarchy stumbled from 
the Warfare goes Madame de. 

5827
05:08:30,000 --> 05:08:32,400
Pompadours composure, 
ironically, stabilized. 

5828
05:08:32,400 --> 05:08:35,400
The king's morale. 
She orchestrated an unspoken 

5829
05:08:35,400 --> 05:08:38,800
Serenity within the palace walls
ensuring that the presence of 

5830
05:08:38,800 --> 05:08:43,300
Music gentle laughter and well, 
executed ceremonies shielded 

5831
05:08:43,300 --> 05:08:46,800
Louis the 15th from Gloom 
Although critics called her the 

5832
05:08:46,800 --> 05:08:50,100
minister of Pleasures, a more 
profound look reveals her role 

5833
05:08:50,100 --> 05:08:52,200
as a caretaker for the 
monarchies emotional climate. 

5834
05:08:53,000 --> 05:08:55,600
That intangible labor, often 
relegated to women. 

5835
05:08:55,600 --> 05:08:59,400
Ensured that even in failing 
Wars, the monarchy projected 

5836
05:08:59,400 --> 05:09:03,900
continuity, without her, the 
king of paralyzing despair on 

5837
05:09:03,900 --> 05:09:07,300
neglected governance entirely. 
She in effect became the 

5838
05:09:07,308 --> 05:09:11,000
monarchies emotional pivot. 
When contemporary readers gauge 

5839
05:09:11,000 --> 05:09:14,600
her significance, they must 
weigh the paradoxes a Bourgeois 

5840
05:09:14,600 --> 05:09:17,100
woman who championed 
aristocratic extravagance. 

5841
05:09:17,100 --> 05:09:21,000
A mistress who reconfigured 
diplomatic ties and an astute 

5842
05:09:21,000 --> 05:09:24,200
who contended with the brutality
of War, she was not without 

5843
05:09:24,200 --> 05:09:26,800
faults, certain decisions, 
sparked conflict. 

5844
05:09:26,800 --> 05:09:29,800
And her loyalty to the monarchy 
overshadowed empathy for the 

5845
05:09:29,800 --> 05:09:32,700
broader populace yet. 
One can see in her a formidable 

5846
05:09:32,700 --> 05:09:35,300
intelligence, navigating 
male-dominated, politics 

5847
05:09:35,300 --> 05:09:38,800
championing, creativity and 
forging a personal brand that 

5848
05:09:38,800 --> 05:09:42,500
outlived her mortal years that 
blend of contradictory traits, 

5849
05:09:42,500 --> 05:09:46,500
and sensor, as a figure two 
complex for simple, judgments a 

5850
05:09:46,500 --> 05:09:49,600
testament to the nuanced roles, 
women could occupy in a kingdom 

5851
05:09:49,600 --> 05:09:51,700
perched, precariously, on the 
brink of his historical 

5852
05:09:51,700 --> 05:09:56,000
transformation today. 
Madame de pompadour endures as 

5853
05:09:56,000 --> 05:09:59,900
an emblem of 18th century 
Elegance overshadowed, yet also 

5854
05:09:59,900 --> 05:10:03,300
illuminated by the monarchies of
eventual collapse in 1789. 

5855
05:10:04,300 --> 05:10:07,300
She died decades before the 
French Revolution erupted, which

5856
05:10:07,300 --> 05:10:10,300
is surprising to some. 
But her story offers a lens into

5857
05:10:10,300 --> 05:10:13,200
the monarchies Illusions and the
flickers of modern sensibility 

5858
05:10:13,200 --> 05:10:16,300
stirring, beneath them, the 
Rococo style, she popularized 

5859
05:10:16,300 --> 05:10:19,400
with its playful curves, and 
pastel palette. 

5860
05:10:19,400 --> 05:10:23,400
Might seem superficial, but it 
signaled, a shift away from the 

5861
05:10:23,400 --> 05:10:25,200
heavy formality of early 
baroque. 

5862
05:10:25,900 --> 05:10:29,200
In championing intangible 
Pursuits, like music painting 

5863
05:10:29,200 --> 05:10:32,900
and philosophical discussion. 
She partially laid a cultural 

5864
05:10:32,900 --> 05:10:36,900
groundwork that ironically 
helped spread ideas that later 

5865
05:10:36,900 --> 05:10:40,300
questioned the monarchy's 
absolute basis in the centuries.

5866
05:10:40,300 --> 05:10:43,000
After her demise her name popped
up in unexpected places 

5867
05:10:43,000 --> 05:10:46,900
industrial producers of 
porcelain invoked, pompadour 

5868
05:10:46,900 --> 05:10:49,100
pink, or pompadour blue for 
delicate. 

5869
05:10:49,100 --> 05:10:52,000
Tableware dressmakers 
resurrected the pompadour 

5870
05:10:52,000 --> 05:10:55,300
hairstyle, in various 
reinterpretations, some tall and

5871
05:10:55,300 --> 05:10:58,800
powdered others, more subtle, 
but referencing that Flair she 

5872
05:10:58,800 --> 05:11:02,500
had for graceful display. 
Literary authors from Balzac to 

5873
05:11:02,500 --> 05:11:04,700
Nancy. 
Mitford explored, her biography,

5874
05:11:04,700 --> 05:11:09,500
each spinning Vantage points was
sheer, cunning manipulator or a 

5875
05:11:09,500 --> 05:11:11,500
gentle care taker, for an 
indecisive King. 

5876
05:11:11,500 --> 05:11:14,900
Tourists wandering. 
This I can still Glimpse spaces,

5877
05:11:14,900 --> 05:11:18,500
she wants inhabited, the private
apartment facing the Guardians, 

5878
05:11:18,500 --> 05:11:22,100
all the opera house she 
influenced Guides were count how

5879
05:11:22,100 --> 05:11:25,400
she wants staged private 
theatricals their starring as 

5880
05:11:25,400 --> 05:11:28,900
comedic heroines. 
Coaxing, the king from his Stony

5881
05:11:28,900 --> 05:11:33,100
reticence, the wallpapers and 
color schemes faintly preserved,

5882
05:11:33,100 --> 05:11:36,900
reflect that pastel. 
Whimsy her official portrait by 

5883
05:11:36,900 --> 05:11:40,500
Boucher stands in the Wallace 
collection, in London, capturing

5884
05:11:40,500 --> 05:11:43,700
her with a book in hand, 
emphasizing her intellectual 

5885
05:11:43,700 --> 05:11:46,400
bent. 
Observers note the calm in her 

5886
05:11:46,400 --> 05:11:49,800
eyes, a subtle Pride, that 
defies the ephemeral nature of 

5887
05:11:49,800 --> 05:11:53,300
her courtly, status modern 
feminism appraises her 

5888
05:11:53,300 --> 05:11:55,400
differently. 
She was no Act of this for 

5889
05:11:55,400 --> 05:11:58,500
women's equality by present. 
Standards yet, she challenged 

5890
05:11:58,500 --> 05:12:01,800
conventional boundaries. 
She effectively shaped policies 

5891
05:12:01,800 --> 05:12:05,100
behind the scenes overshadowing,
many male courtiers, whose 

5892
05:12:05,100 --> 05:12:08,900
official titles dwarfed, her own
She minted alliance's with 

5893
05:12:08,900 --> 05:12:11,500
philosophers to protect free 
expression from Draconian 

5894
05:12:11,500 --> 05:12:14,700
sensors. 
She financed expansions in Fine 

5895
05:12:14,700 --> 05:12:18,300
Arts and Manufacturing forging. 
A Synergy between monarchy and 

5896
05:12:18,308 --> 05:12:21,800
commerce. while she did not 
upend the patriarchal structure,

5897
05:12:21,800 --> 05:12:25,500
a survival hinged on appeasing, 
it her example reveals how 

5898
05:12:25,500 --> 05:12:28,900
determined intelligent woman 
could carve a realm of influence

5899
05:12:29,900 --> 05:12:32,400
In that sense, she both 
reaffirmed and quietly 

5900
05:12:32,400 --> 05:12:35,400
subverted. 
The patriarchal monarchy Her 

5901
05:12:35,400 --> 05:12:38,600
ephemeral Presence overshadowed 
by new favorites after her 

5902
05:12:38,600 --> 05:12:40,800
death. 
Underscores, the monarchies 

5903
05:12:40,800 --> 05:12:43,400
insatiable appetite for novelty.
Yet. 

5904
05:12:43,400 --> 05:12:46,800
None repeated the unique. 
Blend of artistry diplomacy and 

5905
05:12:46,800 --> 05:12:49,800
emotional guardianship. 
She brought for a fleeting 

5906
05:12:49,800 --> 05:12:52,500
period. 
She had a near ministerial role 

5907
05:12:52,500 --> 05:12:55,900
in shaping foreign alliances a 
stance that no subsequent 

5908
05:12:55,900 --> 05:12:58,800
mistress or consort fully 
replicated under Louis the 15th.

5909
05:12:58,800 --> 05:13:02,600
By the time of the Revolutionary
upsurge that entire system, the 

5910
05:13:02,600 --> 05:13:07,100
monarchy its falling courtiers, 
its cycle of Mr. Aires faced 

5911
05:13:07,100 --> 05:13:10,700
condemnation The memory of 
Madame de pompadour, both 

5912
05:13:10,700 --> 05:13:13,700
revered and reviled became part 
of the propaganda asked. 

5913
05:13:13,700 --> 05:13:17,400
Arsenal, describing an outdated 
regime a radiant self-assurance 

5914
05:13:17,400 --> 05:13:20,900
in official portraits served as 
evidence of aristocratic 

5915
05:13:20,900 --> 05:13:24,100
decadence, ironically ignoring 
the fact that she held from the 

5916
05:13:24,100 --> 05:13:27,700
bourgeoisie For the average 
Personnel age, stumbling upon 

5917
05:13:27,700 --> 05:13:30,400
her story, the immediate 
reaction might revolve around 

5918
05:13:30,400 --> 05:13:33,300
the gossip. 
A mistress of this guy, the icon

5919
05:13:33,300 --> 05:13:36,800
of style, But deeper reflection 
on covers a figure. 

5920
05:13:36,808 --> 05:13:40,200
Bridging, bold, intelligence 
aesthetic, Brilliance and 

5921
05:13:40,200 --> 05:13:43,500
pragmatic survival in a quart. 
Bent on devouring, the naive. 

5922
05:13:44,300 --> 05:13:47,200
She was that in probable 
cultural prime minister as some 

5923
05:13:47,200 --> 05:13:50,300
labeled her forging a space in a
male-dominated environment. 

5924
05:13:51,300 --> 05:13:54,800
If at times she contributed to 
misguided policies or neglected 

5925
05:13:54,800 --> 05:13:58,100
the plight of the lower classes 
such failings aligned with the 

5926
05:13:58,108 --> 05:14:02,300
monarchy's broader blind spots 
in that sense her story reflects

5927
05:14:02,300 --> 05:14:06,400
systemic complexities rather 
than personal ones alone but her

5928
05:14:06,400 --> 05:14:09,200
narrative might evoke parallels 
with the art of balancing 

5929
05:14:09,200 --> 05:14:13,200
professional demands personal 
identity and the swirl of public

5930
05:14:13,200 --> 05:14:15,600
scrutiny that go way deeper than
we all might imagine. 

5931
05:14:16,500 --> 05:14:20,100
She found ways to harness her 
adversity, lack of birth rank 

5932
05:14:20,100 --> 05:14:22,600
suspicion from Aristocrats to 
shape. 

5933
05:14:22,600 --> 05:14:26,400
A remarkable trajectory whether 
we judge her kindly or harshly, 

5934
05:14:26,400 --> 05:14:29,600
she embodied the precarious 
dance of pleasing the powerful, 

5935
05:14:29,600 --> 05:14:33,200
while forging, something new, a 
Synergy of intellectual tastes 

5936
05:14:33,200 --> 05:14:37,400
refined pleasures and aesthetic 
Transformations, that left 

5937
05:14:37,400 --> 05:14:41,100
France, irrevocably changed, her
adversaries, wrote pamphlets, 

5938
05:14:41,100 --> 05:14:44,600
proclaiming her, a femoral But 
ironically, she remains a 

5939
05:14:44,600 --> 05:14:47,800
Hallmark of that era, 
overshadowing some Royals and 

5940
05:14:47,800 --> 05:14:51,900
cultural memory. ultimately, 
Madame, de pompadours life, 

5941
05:14:51,900 --> 05:14:56,100
underscores a universal theme in
an environment where official 

5942
05:14:56,100 --> 05:14:59,100
power rests with men, An 
individual with vision, 

5943
05:14:59,100 --> 05:15:03,400
resilience, and strategic 
cunning can mold in age or be it

5944
05:15:03,408 --> 05:15:06,500
at personal cost. 
She gave French culture, a final

5945
05:15:06,500 --> 05:15:10,800
Rococo Bloom before the wave of 
neoclassicism and eventually 

5946
05:15:10,800 --> 05:15:14,900
Revolution. 
Her touches on diplomacy in arts

5947
05:15:14,900 --> 05:15:17,900
overshadowed though, they might 
have been by War and scandal. 

5948
05:15:18,600 --> 05:15:20,400
Continue to invite 
reexamination. 

5949
05:15:20,400 --> 05:15:25,400
And so for those who seek Nuance
in history, her story remains a 

5950
05:15:25,400 --> 05:15:30,100
captivating Chronicle of 
ambition Grace heartbreak and a 

5951
05:15:30,100 --> 05:15:32,900
legacy that resonates long after
her heart ceased to beat within 

5952
05:15:32,900 --> 05:15:41,400
Versailles, gilded Labyrinth, 
Imagine yourself sitting 

5953
05:15:41,400 --> 05:15:44,100
comfortably in what would have 
been Africa, 6 million years 

5954
05:15:44,100 --> 05:15:47,200
ago, but now it's just a lovely 
neighborhood with plenty of 

5955
05:15:47,208 --> 05:15:51,400
trees and no property taxes like
the first Park in enthusiasts in

5956
05:15:51,408 --> 05:15:55,400
nature your distant relatives. 
I mean, really distant. 

5957
05:15:55,400 --> 05:15:58,400
Like the kind, you only see at 
evolutionary reunions are having

5958
05:15:58,408 --> 05:16:01,100
the time of their lives swinging
from Branch to branch. 

5959
05:16:02,000 --> 05:16:05,200
Your early ancestors had it 
worked out trees, offered food 

5960
05:16:05,200 --> 05:16:08,500
covered defense against large 
teeth and a great place to 

5961
05:16:08,500 --> 05:16:12,900
observe how other primates swan.
Up there in the canopy where the

5962
05:16:12,900 --> 05:16:15,300
only big decisions will which 
fruit look the righteous. 

5963
05:16:15,300 --> 05:16:18,100
And if it was worth 
investigating that rustling in 

5964
05:16:18,100 --> 05:16:19,900
the next tree over life was 
good. 

5965
05:16:20,800 --> 05:16:23,900
Then however, something began to
occur that would alter 

5966
05:16:23,900 --> 05:16:27,200
everything. 
The atmosphere started to change

5967
05:16:27,200 --> 05:16:30,400
much like when your favorite 
restaurant gradually Alters, its

5968
05:16:30,400 --> 05:16:33,300
menu until you can no longer 
recognize anything on it. 

5969
05:16:34,100 --> 05:16:36,800
After millions of years, The 
Verdant forests began to 

5970
05:16:36,800 --> 05:16:40,900
disappear like houses in a 
Suburban development that became

5971
05:16:40,900 --> 05:16:42,800
a bit too. 
Ambitious with the lot sizes 

5972
05:16:42,800 --> 05:16:45,500
trees became less common and 
more dispersed. 

5973
05:16:45,500 --> 05:16:48,200
You understand the issue your 
ancestors faced. 

5974
05:16:48,200 --> 05:16:50,600
If you have ever attempted to 
move from one tree to another 

5975
05:16:50,600 --> 05:16:52,700
when they are slightly too far 
apart. 

5976
05:16:52,700 --> 05:16:56,000
It's like a tempting to cross a 
Creek from one stone to another 

5977
05:16:56,000 --> 05:16:58,500
only. 
Instead of getting wet feet, you

5978
05:16:58,500 --> 05:17:00,200
run the risk of becoming 
someone's lunch. 

5979
05:17:01,100 --> 05:17:03,600
When the next handhold was 20 
feet away through open 

5980
05:17:03,600 --> 05:17:06,500
grassland, the traditional swing
and grab technique wasn't 

5981
05:17:06,500 --> 05:17:08,600
working so well, thank you very 
much. 

5982
05:17:08,600 --> 05:17:11,600
Some of your relatives have 
chosen to continue living in the

5983
05:17:11,600 --> 05:17:14,600
woods doubling down on their 
aerial lifestyle. 

5984
05:17:14,600 --> 05:17:18,000
For example, they insist on 
using flip phones because they 

5985
05:17:18,000 --> 05:17:20,200
are reliable. 
It's actually good for them. 

5986
05:17:20,200 --> 05:17:22,400
That these became the ancestors 
of modern Apes. 

5987
05:17:22,400 --> 05:17:26,300
They stayed in their Niche. 
However, others, your specific 

5988
05:17:26,300 --> 05:17:29,200
branch of the family tree. 
If you will begin to spend more 

5989
05:17:29,200 --> 05:17:32,100
time on the ground. 
Initially, this was most likely 

5990
05:17:32,100 --> 05:17:35,800
merely a practical requirement A
short walk across the 

5991
05:17:35,800 --> 05:17:38,200
increasingly common. 
Grasslands was the only way to 

5992
05:17:38,200 --> 05:17:41,000
get from this patch of trees to 
that patch of trees. 

5993
05:17:41,000 --> 05:17:44,200
It wasn't particularly 
effective, but it was manageable

5994
05:17:44,200 --> 05:17:47,700
to crawl across open ground 
Imagine attempting to crawl 

5995
05:17:47,700 --> 05:17:50,700
across a parking lot. 
You can do it but it will take 

5996
05:17:50,700 --> 05:17:53,100
some time and you will draw 
strange looks. 

5997
05:17:53,900 --> 05:17:56,700
Furthermore, you could only see 
what was right in front of your 

5998
05:17:56,700 --> 05:17:59,900
nose while you were down in the 
grass, which could be anything 

5999
05:17:59,900 --> 05:18:02,900
from a pleasant patch of clover,
to something that thought of 

6000
05:18:02,900 --> 05:18:06,700
you, as a walking appetizer. 
When the solution began to take 

6001
05:18:06,700 --> 05:18:10,700
shape, it was both sophisticated
and a little absurd getting to 

6002
05:18:10,700 --> 05:18:13,800
your feet simply getting to your
feet. 

6003
05:18:14,600 --> 05:18:17,600
Like a meerkat that chose to 
adopt it as a way of life, 

6004
05:18:17,600 --> 05:18:20,900
instead of merely a fast Lookout
tactically. 

6005
05:18:20,900 --> 05:18:22,400
This was not an impulsive 
Choice. 

6006
05:18:22,400 --> 05:18:25,100
Contrary to what some cartoons 
May portray. 

6007
05:18:25,100 --> 05:18:27,800
Evolution does not operate in 
that manner. 

6008
05:18:27,800 --> 05:18:31,400
It was more akin to a very slow 
experiment that occurred over 

6009
05:18:31,400 --> 05:18:34,800
100s of thousands of years 
making it perhaps the longest 

6010
05:18:34,800 --> 05:18:39,000
running trial period in history.
No one woke up one morning and 

6011
05:18:39,000 --> 05:18:41,800
thought, you know what? 
I'm going to try this walking 

6012
05:18:41,800 --> 05:18:44,300
thing. 
The initial attempts at upright 

6013
05:18:44,300 --> 05:18:47,000
walking were likely as graceful 
as a toddler skating on ice 

6014
05:18:47,000 --> 05:18:50,700
uncertain, wobbly and involving 
a lot of falling. 

6015
05:18:50,700 --> 05:18:54,500
However, there were benefits to 
even those early uncomfortable 

6016
05:18:54,500 --> 05:18:58,600
steps, you could see over the 
grass identify opportunities and

6017
05:18:58,600 --> 05:19:01,800
threats from a greater distance 
and appear much more impressive 

6018
05:19:01,800 --> 05:19:04,100
to potential mates. 
If they were attracted to 

6019
05:19:04,100 --> 05:19:06,500
someone who was constantly 
falling over, which they 

6020
05:19:06,500 --> 05:19:09,400
apparently were really your 
ancestors were Pioneers. 

6021
05:19:09,400 --> 05:19:13,100
They were trying something 
entirely different something no 

6022
05:19:13,100 --> 05:19:15,400
primate had ever tried on a 
regular basis. 

6023
05:19:16,500 --> 05:19:20,100
Since they were the first to try
eating cheese, it seemed strange

6024
05:19:20,100 --> 05:19:22,700
and dangerous, but it ended up 
being a really smart move. 

6025
05:19:22,700 --> 05:19:25,900
You were there or more 
accurately your grandparents 

6026
05:19:25,900 --> 05:19:29,000
were there making their first 
hesitant forays into the world 

6027
05:19:29,000 --> 05:19:32,400
of bipedalism and believe me. 
When I say that those initial 

6028
05:19:32,400 --> 05:19:35,300
steps were more like, please 
don't let me fall on my face 

6029
05:19:35,300 --> 05:19:39,000
again then giant leap for 
mankind. the problem with 

6030
05:19:39,000 --> 05:19:41,500
standing up though, is that you 
start to realize how beneficial 

6031
05:19:41,500 --> 05:19:45,100
it is once you start doing it on
a regular basis, It's similar to

6032
05:19:45,100 --> 05:19:46,700
realizing. 
You've been living in a soft 

6033
05:19:46,700 --> 05:19:48,600
focus world and finally cleaning
your glasses. 

6034
05:19:49,800 --> 05:19:52,500
The scenery suddenly opened up, 
you could track where your 

6035
05:19:52,500 --> 05:19:55,500
family members had gone, find 
the best route to those stream 

6036
05:19:55,500 --> 05:19:57,800
trees and spot. 
Predators from a distance 

6037
05:19:57,800 --> 05:20:00,900
instead of just seeing grass and
the occasional Antelope ankle. 

6038
05:20:01,600 --> 05:20:05,000
Although the visual Advantage 
was enormous, the learning curve

6039
05:20:05,000 --> 05:20:07,700
was as steep as the hiking trail
of a mountain goat. 

6040
05:20:07,700 --> 05:20:11,500
It's like going from riding a 
bicycle with training wheels to 

6041
05:20:11,500 --> 05:20:15,100
performing in Cirque du Soleil. 
Your ancestors had to learn how 

6042
05:20:15,100 --> 05:20:17,100
to balance on two feet instead 
of four. 

6043
05:20:18,000 --> 05:20:20,700
The amazing little organ that 
prevents you from falling over 

6044
05:20:20,700 --> 05:20:24,300
when you stand up too fast, the 
inner ear had to recalibrate 

6045
05:20:24,300 --> 05:20:27,600
itself from the ground up. 
As you read this, consider all 

6046
05:20:27,600 --> 05:20:30,300
the small muscles and movements 
your body performs to keep you 

6047
05:20:30,300 --> 05:20:33,000
standing like a driver on an icy
Road. 

6048
05:20:33,000 --> 05:20:35,700
Your brain is continuously 
making micro Corrections 

6049
05:20:35,700 --> 05:20:38,900
swerving into tiny skids, that 
you aren't even aware of. 

6050
05:20:38,900 --> 05:20:42,300
All of this was something your 
ancestors had to create from the

6051
05:20:42,300 --> 05:20:45,900
ground up making what was 
basically a full-time job of not

6052
05:20:45,900 --> 05:20:47,900
falling down into something that
just happened? 

6053
05:20:48,700 --> 05:20:50,700
It was a revolutionary, 
hands-free Advantage. 

6054
05:20:50,700 --> 05:20:54,000
Your hands are essentially Prime
real estate taken up by the 

6055
05:20:54,000 --> 05:20:57,800
unglamorous tasks of moving when
your knuckle walking, but when 

6056
05:20:57,800 --> 05:21:00,300
you get up, your hands are free 
to do other things. 

6057
05:21:00,300 --> 05:21:03,300
Instead of eating the food right
away, like some sort of 

6058
05:21:03,300 --> 05:21:06,100
prehistoric fast food 
experience, you could take it 

6059
05:21:06,100 --> 05:21:09,000
home to your family. 
Humanity's first step toward 

6060
05:21:09,000 --> 05:21:11,100
becoming the creatures that 
would eventually collect 

6061
05:21:11,100 --> 05:21:14,600
everything from stamps to Old, 
lunchboxes was likely the 

6062
05:21:14,600 --> 05:21:17,300
ability to pick up an examine 
interesting objects. 

6063
05:21:18,600 --> 05:21:20,000
The use of tools was made 
possible. 

6064
05:21:20,000 --> 05:21:23,800
In previously unimaginable ways 
chimpanzees can fish termites 

6065
05:21:23,800 --> 05:21:27,100
out of a mound with a stick but 
they are unable to transport an 

6066
05:21:27,100 --> 05:21:29,800
entire toolkit. 
Humanity's, first mobile 

6067
05:21:29,800 --> 05:21:33,000
workshops, were made possible by
your upright ancestors, ability 

6068
05:21:33,000 --> 05:21:35,700
to gather practical objects, 
like sturdy sticks and rocks. 

6069
05:21:36,400 --> 05:21:39,300
They were similar to prehistoric
handyman, but in stead of 

6070
05:21:39,300 --> 05:21:42,600
Building kitchen cabinets, they 
worked on Survival projects and 

6071
05:21:42,600 --> 05:21:45,200
other unanticipated Advantage 
was the cooling system. 

6072
05:21:45,200 --> 05:21:49,200
It may seem counterintuitive to 
stand upright in the African Sun

6073
05:21:49,200 --> 05:21:52,600
after all, it exposes more 
surface area to the Heat. 

6074
05:21:53,400 --> 05:21:55,600
Even though they weren't aware 
of it consciously, your 

6075
05:21:55,600 --> 05:21:57,100
ancestors were smarter than 
that. 

6076
05:21:57,100 --> 05:22:00,700
They increased their exposure to
cooling breezes and decreased 

6077
05:22:00,700 --> 05:22:03,400
their exposure to the direct 
overhead Sun by standing up. 

6078
05:22:04,100 --> 05:22:06,300
If you didn't mind, looking a 
little goofy while it was in 

6079
05:22:06,300 --> 05:22:09,200
use, it was similar to having an
integrated climate control 

6080
05:22:09,200 --> 05:22:11,800
system. 
In order to accommodate this new

6081
05:22:11,800 --> 05:22:16,600
way of life hairstyles, even 
began to shift A natural sun hat

6082
05:22:16,600 --> 05:22:19,400
was created by the body hair 
remaining thicker, on top of the

6083
05:22:19,400 --> 05:22:23,600
head, but becoming less dense. 
So overall, Practical efficient 

6084
05:22:23,600 --> 05:22:26,600
and establishing trends that 
would eventually result in some 

6085
05:22:26,600 --> 05:22:29,300
genuinely dubious hairstyles 
throughout human history. 

6086
05:22:29,300 --> 05:22:32,300
It was Evolution's take on 
functional fashion. 

6087
05:22:33,200 --> 05:22:36,700
The biggest shift though might 
have been psychological your 

6088
05:22:36,700 --> 05:22:40,100
ancestors appeared larger, more 
impressive and more substantial 

6089
05:22:40,100 --> 05:22:43,500
when they stood up. 
This was no small advantage in a

6090
05:22:43,500 --> 05:22:45,900
world where being a formidable 
person could mean the difference

6091
05:22:45,900 --> 05:22:48,200
between being left alone or 
being someone's dinner. 

6092
05:22:48,200 --> 05:22:51,200
It was the ancient equivalent of
dressing nicely for a job 

6093
05:22:51,208 --> 05:22:53,500
interview. 
It didn't alter your identity 

6094
05:22:53,500 --> 05:22:55,700
but it did all to how other 
people saw you. 

6095
05:22:55,700 --> 05:22:58,900
The challenge of surviving in a 
changing world, was the occasion

6096
05:22:58,900 --> 05:23:01,700
in your ancestors were literally
rising to the occasion. 

6097
05:23:02,400 --> 05:23:05,700
Every shaky step every 
successful tree to tree 

6098
05:23:05,700 --> 05:23:09,000
Crossing, every successful 
moment of avoiding falling was 

6099
05:23:09,000 --> 05:23:11,900
leading to something, never seen
before in the history of life on

6100
05:23:11,900 --> 05:23:14,700
Earth. 
Now, you might assume that the 

6101
05:23:14,700 --> 05:23:17,400
difficult part was over. 
Once your ancestors learned, the

6102
05:23:17,400 --> 05:23:20,100
fundamentals of standing up, 
you'd be mistaken. 

6103
05:23:20,100 --> 05:23:23,000
It's like assuming your prepared
for the Tour de France. 

6104
05:23:23,000 --> 05:23:25,900
Once you learn how to ride a 
bicycle, there was a lot of 

6105
05:23:25,900 --> 05:23:28,500
trial and error involved in the 
transition from technically 

6106
05:23:28,500 --> 05:23:32,000
possible to actually practical 
with a focus on the latter. 

6107
05:23:33,000 --> 05:23:36,100
Over 100s of thousands of years 
significant scale, little 

6108
05:23:36,100 --> 05:23:38,200
changes were necessary for 
full-time pedal. 

6109
05:23:39,100 --> 05:23:41,800
In order to distribute weight 
evenly, when standing erect, 

6110
05:23:41,800 --> 05:23:45,000
your ancestors spine, had to 
grow curves, they'd never had 

6111
05:23:45,000 --> 05:23:48,200
before for forming a s walking. 
Upright with without these 

6112
05:23:48,200 --> 05:23:50,800
curves would have been like 
attempting to balance a pile of 

6113
05:23:50,800 --> 05:23:53,000
books as someone can continue to
add more to the top. 

6114
05:23:53,800 --> 05:23:55,800
There was a complete renovation 
of the pelvis. 

6115
05:23:55,800 --> 05:23:59,300
If you will Apes, have long 
narrow pelvises that are ideal 

6116
05:23:59,300 --> 05:24:02,400
for supporting a horizontal 
body, but dreadfully inadequate 

6117
05:24:02,400 --> 05:24:06,000
for supporting a vertical one. 
In order to accommodate internal

6118
05:24:06,000 --> 05:24:09,300
organs, arranged vertically, 
rather than horizontally your 

6119
05:24:09,300 --> 05:24:12,900
ancestors evolved wider. 
Bold shaped pelvises after 

6120
05:24:12,900 --> 05:24:15,300
choosing to live on the walls, 
rather than the floors. 

6121
05:24:15,300 --> 05:24:18,100
It was similar to moving, all 
the furniture around a house, 

6122
05:24:18,100 --> 05:24:20,800
leg, bones, realigned and became
stronger. 

6123
05:24:20,800 --> 05:24:24,000
The knees were able to properly 
aligned under the center of 

6124
05:24:24,008 --> 05:24:27,500
gravity of the body because the 
thigh bone, formed an angle that

6125
05:24:27,500 --> 05:24:30,900
would make any geometry teacher 
proud in order to absorb the 

6126
05:24:30,900 --> 05:24:33,600
shock of Heel To Toe walking 
feet, change from being 

6127
05:24:33,600 --> 05:24:36,900
flexible, grasping appendages to
rigid platforms with archers, 

6128
05:24:36,900 --> 05:24:40,000
your ancestors were literally 
starting over from scratch. 

6129
05:24:40,000 --> 05:24:43,300
This is where things start to 
get interesting and a little 

6130
05:24:43,308 --> 05:24:46,600
awkward human still have to make
trade-offs as a result of all 

6131
05:24:46,600 --> 05:24:49,900
these changes that slender 
pelvis that allowed for upright 

6132
05:24:49,900 --> 05:24:52,600
walking. 
It also greatly increased, the 

6133
05:24:52,600 --> 05:24:54,200
difficulty and risk of 
childbirth. 

6134
05:24:55,000 --> 05:24:57,800
Your female ancestors were 
effectively making a trade-off 

6135
05:24:57,800 --> 05:25:00,700
between mobility and ease of 
reproduction, which would have 

6136
05:25:00,700 --> 05:25:02,300
long-term effects on our 
species. 

6137
05:25:03,300 --> 05:25:06,200
In addition to effectively 
Distributing weight, the curved 

6138
05:25:06,200 --> 05:25:09,000
spine produced weak spots that 
continued to cause issues. 

6139
05:25:10,000 --> 05:25:12,700
People have been complaining of 
lower back pain for millions of 

6140
05:25:12,700 --> 05:25:14,900
years. 
It's not just a modern 

6141
05:25:14,900 --> 05:25:17,600
occurrence brought on by desk 
work and bad posture. 

6142
05:25:17,600 --> 05:25:21,300
Though they most likely weren't 
aware of this specific first. 

6143
05:25:21,300 --> 05:25:24,500
Your ancestors were Pioneers in 
the field of chronic back 

6144
05:25:24,500 --> 05:25:27,100
problems. 
In the meantime, the feet that 

6145
05:25:27,100 --> 05:25:30,400
had become so good for walking 
turned into awful ones for 

6146
05:25:30,400 --> 05:25:33,400
climbing. 
For grasping branches those in 

6147
05:25:33,400 --> 05:25:36,800
flexible arches and straight 
Toes, that were ideal for 

6148
05:25:36,800 --> 05:25:38,400
covering ground were 
ineffective. 

6149
05:25:38,400 --> 05:25:41,600
Evolutionarily speaking, your 
ancestors were burning their 

6150
05:25:41,600 --> 05:25:45,000
Bridges by settling for a 
terrestrial lifestyle with fewer

6151
05:25:45,000 --> 05:25:48,500
and fewer tree backup plans. 
Without a doubt, there were many

6152
05:25:48,500 --> 05:25:50,700
spectacular failures during the 
learning process. 

6153
05:25:50,700 --> 05:25:53,500
Imagine attempting to flee from 
a predator. 

6154
05:25:53,500 --> 05:25:56,800
After you've only just learned 
how to walk upright, imagine 

6155
05:25:56,800 --> 05:25:59,600
trying to negotiate uneven 
ground while your balancing 

6156
05:25:59,600 --> 05:26:03,900
system is still in beta testing.
In essence, your ancestors, were

6157
05:26:03,900 --> 05:26:07,000
relearning how to use their 
bodies much like someone 

6158
05:26:07,000 --> 05:26:10,200
recuperating from a serious 
injury, only the injury was 

6159
05:26:10,200 --> 05:26:12,700
caused by millions of years, of 
quadruple Evolution. 

6160
05:26:12,700 --> 05:26:16,000
During this time of transition, 
children must have been a 

6161
05:26:16,000 --> 05:26:18,700
special entertaining. 
If you've ever seen a human 

6162
05:26:18,700 --> 05:26:21,700
toddler, learn to walk. 
Imagine how unsteady they were 

6163
05:26:21,700 --> 05:26:25,100
then at in the fact that the 
adults were much more stable, 

6164
05:26:25,900 --> 05:26:28,800
Like a group Expedition, led by 
people who had never gone hiking

6165
05:26:28,800 --> 05:26:31,600
before families. 
Most likely moved very slowly 

6166
05:26:31,600 --> 05:26:34,800
and fell a lot. 
However, they continue because 

6167
05:26:34,800 --> 05:26:36,600
the benefits were becoming 
indisputable. 

6168
05:26:37,300 --> 05:26:40,500
In this honest business, each 
generation was marginally 

6169
05:26:40,500 --> 05:26:43,500
superior to the previous one 
Offspring with stronger. 

6170
05:26:43,500 --> 05:26:46,400
Spines improved balance or more 
effective. 

6171
05:26:46,400 --> 05:26:49,500
Walking patterns had a higher 
chance of surviving and 

6172
05:26:49,500 --> 05:26:53,300
procreating Those who were able 
to learn this strange, new way 

6173
05:26:53,300 --> 05:26:56,100
of moving through the world were
rewarded by natural selection. 

6174
05:26:56,900 --> 05:26:59,400
Better balance control and 
spatial awareness were being 

6175
05:26:59,400 --> 05:27:02,600
developed by the brain in tandem
with these physical changes. 

6176
05:27:03,600 --> 05:27:06,000
That vital part of the brain 
that controls movement. 

6177
05:27:06,000 --> 05:27:09,400
The Sarah Bellum was being 
thoroughly exercised and 

6178
05:27:09,400 --> 05:27:12,100
improved as a result. 
As they learned to use their 

6179
05:27:12,100 --> 05:27:15,400
newly, acquired abilities, your 
ancestors were literally growing

6180
05:27:15,400 --> 05:27:18,700
into their new bodies. 
Your ancestors had become fairly

6181
05:27:18,700 --> 05:27:21,000
proficient at this standing up 
business by this point. 

6182
05:27:21,000 --> 05:27:24,900
They weren't particularly 
elegant, yet think, functional 

6183
05:27:24,900 --> 05:27:28,400
rather than elegant, but they 
made real progress by being able

6184
05:27:28,400 --> 05:27:31,600
to move from point A to point B 
without constantly embarrassing 

6185
05:27:31,600 --> 05:27:34,900
themselves. 
The desire to see what labor on 

6186
05:27:34,900 --> 05:27:37,300
the next Hill, which would 
forever Define. 

6187
05:27:37,300 --> 05:27:40,000
Humanity came along with this 
newfound Mobility. 

6188
05:27:41,500 --> 05:27:43,900
Because your ancestors became 
the ultimate tourists. 

6189
05:27:43,900 --> 05:27:46,500
This is where your family 
history becomes really 

6190
05:27:46,500 --> 05:27:49,400
fascinating. 
However, they were exploring 

6191
05:27:49,400 --> 05:27:52,900
completely new continents and 
establishing the human presence 

6192
05:27:52,900 --> 05:27:55,100
in places. 
No premade had ever seen before,

6193
05:27:55,100 --> 05:27:58,400
rather than snapping photos and 
purchasing trinkets. 

6194
05:27:59,300 --> 05:28:02,700
Walking had become so efficient.
That long-distance travel was no

6195
05:28:02,700 --> 05:28:04,800
longer just feasible but also 
necessary. 

6196
05:28:05,800 --> 05:28:09,000
The world begins to appear as 
though, it is just waiting for 

6197
05:28:09,000 --> 05:28:11,900
you to explore it. 
Once you're able to move quickly

6198
05:28:11,900 --> 05:28:15,500
and steadily carry your supplies
and food with you and improve 

6199
05:28:15,500 --> 05:28:18,800
your teamwork skills. 
This wasn't just a weekend, 

6200
05:28:18,800 --> 05:28:22,500
getaway your ancestors started 
the first major human migration 

6201
05:28:22,500 --> 05:28:24,700
Out of Africa. 
In the end, this 

6202
05:28:24,700 --> 05:28:28,300
multi-generational journey would
disperse Humanity throughout the

6203
05:28:28,300 --> 05:28:32,300
world. since walking was their 
new superpower, they traveled by

6204
05:28:32,300 --> 05:28:35,900
foot from Africa, to the Middle,
East Asia, and finally 

6205
05:28:35,900 --> 05:28:40,300
Australia, and the Americas By 
today's standards, the pace was 

6206
05:28:40,300 --> 05:28:43,200
slow in a good year. 
These groups might travel a few 

6207
05:28:43,208 --> 05:28:45,500
miles. 
Stopping, wherever, resources 

6208
05:28:45,500 --> 05:28:47,900
were plentiful, making temporary
settlements. 

6209
05:28:47,900 --> 05:28:50,900
And then continuing on when 
assessed steel curiosity 

6210
05:28:50,900 --> 05:28:54,300
demanded it It resembled the 
world's slowest and longest 

6211
05:28:54,300 --> 05:28:56,400
treasure hunt more than a 
planned Expedition. 

6212
05:28:56,400 --> 05:28:59,300
With the treasure being simply 
finding what was around the next

6213
05:28:59,300 --> 05:29:01,900
corner. 
Their ability to walk upright, 

6214
05:29:01,900 --> 05:29:05,300
was further honed by the new 
challenges presented by each new

6215
05:29:05,300 --> 05:29:08,100
setting. 
They learned endurance and how 

6216
05:29:08,100 --> 05:29:10,800
to move effectively over Sand 
and Stone in the desert. 

6217
05:29:11,700 --> 05:29:13,800
Their sure-footedness and 
balance were developed in 

6218
05:29:13,800 --> 05:29:16,700
mountainous areas. 
They were exposed to walking on 

6219
05:29:16,700 --> 05:29:20,000
a variety of surfaces and 
coastal areas, including sand, 

6220
05:29:20,000 --> 05:29:23,600
rocks and tide pools all of 
which required Minor Adjustments

6221
05:29:23,600 --> 05:29:27,100
to their balance, and gait 
walking social components gained

6222
05:29:27,100 --> 05:29:29,700
equal weight, with its physical 
ones better. 

6223
05:29:29,700 --> 05:29:32,900
Communication systems had to be 
developed in order for groups to

6224
05:29:32,908 --> 05:29:36,100
coordinate their movements. 
When you needed to say something

6225
05:29:36,100 --> 05:29:38,900
like there's a river three days 
walk North that has. 

6226
05:29:38,900 --> 05:29:41,300
Excellent fishing, but watch out
for the cranky. 

6227
05:29:41,300 --> 05:29:44,300
Hippopotamuses you couldn't just
Grunt and point. 

6228
05:29:45,500 --> 05:29:48,000
Language became crucial for 
exchanging navigational, 

6229
05:29:48,000 --> 05:29:51,500
information, discussing route 
options, and organizing stops. 

6230
05:29:52,300 --> 05:29:55,100
Walking in groups also meant 
creating systems of cooperation 

6231
05:29:55,100 --> 05:29:59,100
and social hierarchy. 
Who determines the speed without

6232
05:29:59,100 --> 05:30:01,800
abandoning, the slow Walkers. 
How can you make a 

6233
05:30:01,800 --> 05:30:05,000
accommodations for them? 
When someone is hurt, what do 

6234
05:30:05,000 --> 05:30:07,400
you do? 
The idea of group travel with 

6235
05:30:07,400 --> 05:30:10,500
all the associated logistical 
difficulties was essentially 

6236
05:30:10,500 --> 05:30:13,400
being invented by your 
ancestors, they developed, 

6237
05:30:13,400 --> 05:30:16,100
increasingly Advanced, and 
specialized tools for their 

6238
05:30:16,100 --> 05:30:18,900
nomadic way of life. 
Heavy one-time. 

6239
05:30:18,900 --> 05:30:21,500
Use tools were preferred over 
lightweight, portable 

6240
05:30:21,500 --> 05:30:24,700
multifunctional items. 
They continuously improve their 

6241
05:30:24,700 --> 05:30:27,200
equipment to strike a balance 
between portability and 

6242
05:30:27,200 --> 05:30:30,000
functionality much like 
prehistoric hikers. 

6243
05:30:31,100 --> 05:30:34,300
A good walking stick became 
useful, not only for stability 

6244
05:30:34,300 --> 05:30:38,000
but also as a measuring tool a 
testing ground probe and a reach

6245
05:30:38,000 --> 05:30:40,600
extension. 
When they lived mostly in trees,

6246
05:30:40,600 --> 05:30:43,400
the weather became a constant 
factor in ways that it had never

6247
05:30:43,400 --> 05:30:46,100
been before. 
Their body's were more exposed 

6248
05:30:46,100 --> 05:30:49,000
to wind and temperature 
fluctuations when they were 

6249
05:30:49,000 --> 05:30:51,700
walking upright, they had to 
learn how to read weather 

6250
05:30:51,700 --> 05:30:55,000
patterns plan, their routes 
around seasonal changes and 

6251
05:30:55,000 --> 05:30:57,500
devise strategies for traveling.
In various weather conditions. 

6252
05:30:57,500 --> 05:31:01,700
They developed extraordinary 
navigational skills, they 

6253
05:31:01,700 --> 05:31:04,400
learned to read Landscapes like 
books without the use of Maps 

6254
05:31:04,400 --> 05:31:09,500
GPS or even written language, 
Mountain shapes, river flows, 

6255
05:31:09,500 --> 05:31:12,000
vegetation patterns, and animal 
behavior. 

6256
05:31:12,000 --> 05:31:14,600
All contributed to the 
development of a complex system 

6257
05:31:14,600 --> 05:31:17,900
for navigating Uncharted 
Territory By establishing 

6258
05:31:17,900 --> 05:31:20,700
patterns of curiosity and 
movement that would eventually 

6259
05:31:20,700 --> 05:31:23,500
take their descendants to every 
part of the planet. 

6260
05:31:23,500 --> 05:31:26,600
Your ancestors were pinning, the
first chapters of human 

6261
05:31:26,600 --> 05:31:30,900
exploration, With only their 
ability to walk upright, their 

6262
05:31:30,900 --> 05:31:33,800
developing intelligence and an 
apparently insatiable desire to 

6263
05:31:33,800 --> 05:31:35,600
see what lay beyond the next 
Horizon. 

6264
05:31:35,600 --> 05:31:39,900
They were the first pioneers. 
Even your ancestors probably 

6265
05:31:39,900 --> 05:31:41,700
didn't anticipate the Intriguing
turn. 

6266
05:31:41,700 --> 05:31:43,200
Your family history is about to 
take. 

6267
05:31:44,000 --> 05:31:46,600
Their brains were being 
remarkably impacted by all of 

6268
05:31:46,600 --> 05:31:50,800
this walking carrying tool use 
and acclimating to new 

6269
05:31:50,800 --> 05:31:53,300
surroundings. 
It was similar to a very 

6270
05:31:53,300 --> 05:31:56,300
long-term, very slow fitness 
program, but it was building 

6271
05:31:56,300 --> 05:31:59,500
intelligence rather than muscle.
One of the most graceful 

6272
05:31:59,500 --> 05:32:02,700
feedback loops in evolution is 
the connection between brain 

6273
05:32:02,700 --> 05:32:06,600
development and upright, walking
your ancestors ability to walk 

6274
05:32:06,600 --> 05:32:09,000
on two feet. 
Allowed them to use their hands 

6275
05:32:09,000 --> 05:32:12,500
for more difficult tasks. 
They needed more advanced hand 

6276
05:32:12,500 --> 05:32:15,600
eye coordination than they had 
ever needed before in order to 

6277
05:32:15,600 --> 05:32:18,800
use tools, make tools and carry 
several objects at once. 

6278
05:32:18,800 --> 05:32:22,400
The really clever part though is
that the parts of the brain that

6279
05:32:22,400 --> 05:32:26,000
govern precise hand movements 
are located directly adjacent to

6280
05:32:26,000 --> 05:32:29,800
those that govern language and 
abstract thought, Ideas tend to 

6281
05:32:29,800 --> 05:32:33,200
flow back and forth, much like, 
when your office and workshop or

6282
05:32:33,200 --> 05:32:35,300
adjacent. 
Your ancestors were 

6283
05:32:35,300 --> 05:32:38,100
unintentionally, creating the 
neural infrastructure, that 

6284
05:32:38,100 --> 05:32:41,100
would eventually enable 
sophisticated communication and 

6285
05:32:41,100 --> 05:32:44,200
problem-solving, as they improve
their motor control for using 

6286
05:32:44,200 --> 05:32:46,800
tools. 
The actual brain was enlarging, 

6287
05:32:46,800 --> 05:32:49,900
but not at random. 
To meet the new demands of 

6288
05:32:49,900 --> 05:32:52,600
bipedal life, certain areas were
growing. 

6289
05:32:53,300 --> 05:32:56,500
Already exerting extra effort to
control balance and coordination

6290
05:32:56,500 --> 05:33:00,500
the cerebellum kept growing. the
frontal cortex which is in 

6291
05:33:00,500 --> 05:33:03,600
charge of planning and making 
decisions grew to accommodate 

6292
05:33:03,600 --> 05:33:06,200
the intricate decision's 
required for group, coordination

6293
05:33:06,200 --> 05:33:10,700
tool, use and navigation, 
Consider the activities that 

6294
05:33:10,700 --> 05:33:14,000
your ancestors engaged in on a 
daily basis, they had to make 

6295
05:33:14,000 --> 05:33:16,800
and maintain tools. 
Remember where resources were 

6296
05:33:16,800 --> 05:33:20,100
plan routes through Uncharted 
Territory, coordinate group 

6297
05:33:20,100 --> 05:33:22,700
movements and solve problems 
that, their trade dwelling, 

6298
05:33:22,700 --> 05:33:26,300
relatives had never faced it was
similar to enrolling in a 

6299
05:33:26,300 --> 05:33:28,500
full-time. 
Multi-year, University course on

6300
05:33:28,500 --> 05:33:29,900
how to solve real world 
problems. 

6301
05:33:29,900 --> 05:33:33,500
Their developing brains were 
specially taxed by the social 

6302
05:33:33,500 --> 05:33:37,200
components of their new way of 
life. cooperation and Group 

6303
05:33:37,200 --> 05:33:40,400
Travel required, not only 
knowing what you had to do but 

6304
05:33:40,400 --> 05:33:42,900
also knowing what other members 
of your group were planning and 

6305
05:33:42,900 --> 05:33:45,700
thinking the ability to 
comprehend that other people 

6306
05:33:45,700 --> 05:33:49,000
have their own thoughts 
intentions and knowledge what 

6307
05:33:49,000 --> 05:33:52,700
psychologists now refer to as 
theory of Mind, had to be 

6308
05:33:52,700 --> 05:33:57,200
developed The importance and 
sophistication of language were 

6309
05:33:57,200 --> 05:34:00,300
growing, their lifestyle now 
required complex coordination, 

6310
05:34:00,300 --> 05:34:03,100
and simple gestures, and warning
calls were insufficient. 

6311
05:34:03,900 --> 05:34:05,700
The Water Source, they had 
discovered yesterday. 

6312
05:34:05,700 --> 05:34:09,200
The Hazardous terrain ahead and 
the travel plans for tomorrow 

6313
05:34:09,200 --> 05:34:11,300
were among the things. 
They needed to discuss that 

6314
05:34:11,300 --> 05:34:14,600
weren't immediately available. 
Thinking abstractly was turning 

6315
05:34:14,600 --> 05:34:18,000
into a survival tactic. 
Additionally, your ancestors had

6316
05:34:18,000 --> 05:34:20,100
to contend with a wide range of 
difficult circumstances. 

6317
05:34:20,100 --> 05:34:22,500
Every new habitats they came 
across. 

6318
05:34:22,500 --> 05:34:24,800
Had its own set of challenges in
a desert. 

6319
05:34:24,800 --> 05:34:27,700
How can one locate water in a 
new area? 

6320
05:34:27,700 --> 05:34:31,200
What is safe to eat? 
In a climate that is colder than

6321
05:34:31,200 --> 05:34:33,300
anything you have ever 
experienced. 

6322
05:34:33,300 --> 05:34:37,400
How do you stay warm? 
In essence, each obstacle 

6323
05:34:37,400 --> 05:34:40,400
overcome served as a teaching 
tool for Innovative problem. 

6324
05:34:40,400 --> 05:34:43,000
Solving there was an 
acceleration of the feedback 

6325
05:34:43,000 --> 05:34:45,600
loop between mental development 
and physical capabilities. 

6326
05:34:46,700 --> 05:34:49,900
More sophisticated tasks were 
made possible by better tools, 

6327
05:34:49,900 --> 05:34:52,000
which in turn required, even 
better. 

6328
05:34:52,000 --> 05:34:55,100
Brains better group. 
Coordination made possible by 

6329
05:34:55,100 --> 05:34:58,000
more advanced communication 
allow them to take on 

6330
05:34:58,000 --> 05:35:00,800
increasingly difficult 
situations, that required more 

6331
05:35:00,800 --> 05:35:03,000
complex planning, and problem. 
Solving skills. 

6332
05:35:04,100 --> 05:35:06,800
Most significantly though, they 
were acquiring what we might 

6333
05:35:06,800 --> 05:35:08,500
refer to as cognitive 
flexibility. 

6334
05:35:09,800 --> 05:35:12,800
Capacity to modify their way of 
thinking in response to novel 

6335
05:35:12,800 --> 05:35:15,500
circumstances. 
Your ancestors were always 

6336
05:35:15,500 --> 05:35:17,600
facing new problems. 
That needed nuances. 

6337
05:35:17,600 --> 05:35:20,500
Unlike their relatives, who are 
discovered and remained in 

6338
05:35:20,508 --> 05:35:24,200
successfully ecological niches. 
They were evolving into the best

6339
05:35:24,200 --> 05:35:27,000
generalists. 
Able to survive in nearly any 

6340
05:35:27,000 --> 05:35:30,200
setting, their bodies and Minds 
were becoming uniquely 

6341
05:35:30,200 --> 05:35:33,400
intertwined. 
Their improved vocal control due

6342
05:35:33,400 --> 05:35:35,900
to their erect posture aided in 
the development of their 

6343
05:35:35,900 --> 05:35:39,100
language skills. 
The production of sophisticated 

6344
05:35:39,100 --> 05:35:41,700
tools made possible by their 
freed hands promoted. 

6345
05:35:41,700 --> 05:35:44,600
The growth of their brains They 
were able to plan and 

6346
05:35:44,600 --> 05:35:47,600
coordinate, better, thanks to 
their enhanced brains, which 

6347
05:35:47,600 --> 05:35:49,700
increased the effectiveness of 
their bipedalism. 

6348
05:35:50,600 --> 05:35:53,700
Everything was interconnected. 
And as one of advancement led to

6349
05:35:53,700 --> 05:35:57,500
another the capabilities 
increased, Through intelligence 

6350
05:35:57,500 --> 05:36:01,300
collaboration and cultural 
Innovation, your ancestors were 

6351
05:36:01,300 --> 05:36:04,300
essentially evolving into a new 
kind of creature that could 

6352
05:36:04,300 --> 05:36:07,900
adapt to nearly any environment 
without the need for specialized

6353
05:36:07,900 --> 05:36:11,000
physical evolution. 
They were laying the groundwork 

6354
05:36:11,000 --> 05:36:14,600
for all subsequent stages of 
human development by exchanging,

6355
05:36:14,600 --> 05:36:18,400
biological specialization for 
mental adaptability Your 

6356
05:36:18,400 --> 05:36:21,000
ancestors, have been walking 
upright for well over a million 

6357
05:36:21,000 --> 05:36:22,900
years by the time in your 
family's history. 

6358
05:36:22,900 --> 05:36:25,800
They had also become quite 
proficient at it. 

6359
05:36:25,800 --> 05:36:29,500
However, in evolutionary terms, 
being good at it, meant that 

6360
05:36:29,500 --> 05:36:32,200
they had figured out, the 
fundamental issue of not topping

6361
05:36:32,200 --> 05:36:34,900
overall the time. 
They now had to deal with the 

6362
05:36:34,900 --> 05:36:37,800
subtler, optimization problems. 
Like how to walk more 

6363
05:36:37,800 --> 05:36:41,000
effectively longer better and 
under more difficult 

6364
05:36:41,000 --> 05:36:45,000
circumstances human walking 
became truly remarkable at this 

6365
05:36:45,008 --> 05:36:47,500
point. 
Your ancestors were becoming the

6366
05:36:47,500 --> 05:36:50,300
most proficient, long-distance 
Walkers, the world had ever 

6367
05:36:50,308 --> 05:36:52,700
seen. 
Not just proficient bipeds. 

6368
05:36:52,700 --> 05:36:55,500
They were evolving into the best
hiking, experts. 

6369
05:36:55,500 --> 05:36:59,500
Able to go far on little effort.
They created truly amazing 

6370
05:36:59,500 --> 05:37:02,700
mechanics. 
When done correctly, human 

6371
05:37:02,700 --> 05:37:04,800
walking is basically a 
controlled fall. 

6372
05:37:04,800 --> 05:37:08,000
You leaned forward, a little 
catch yourself with your other 

6373
05:37:08,000 --> 05:37:10,800
leg and then use the momentum to
keep moving forward. 

6374
05:37:10,800 --> 05:37:14,300
It functions similarly to a 
perpetual motion machine driven 

6375
05:37:14,300 --> 05:37:18,100
by muscle coordination, and 
gravity walking had become an 

6376
05:37:18,100 --> 05:37:21,700
art form for your ancestors. 
However, endurance walking was 

6377
05:37:21,700 --> 05:37:25,100
the most advanced development. 
Your ancestors were able to keep

6378
05:37:25,100 --> 05:37:28,400
up a steady pace for hours days 
or even weeks. 

6379
05:37:28,400 --> 05:37:31,500
Whereas other animals might be 
faster in short bursts. 

6380
05:37:32,400 --> 05:37:34,700
They learned how to walk long 
distances with heavy loads, 

6381
05:37:34,700 --> 05:37:38,400
negotiate challenging terrain, 
and keep up this pace for 

6382
05:37:38,400 --> 05:37:41,900
extended periods of time. 
They resembled infinite range 

6383
05:37:41,900 --> 05:37:46,100
biological all terrain vehicles.
This was supported by remarkable

6384
05:37:46,100 --> 05:37:48,800
physical adaptations. 
Their leg muscles became 

6385
05:37:48,800 --> 05:37:52,600
incredibly efficient, able to 
contract repeatedly for extended

6386
05:37:52,600 --> 05:37:54,700
periods of time without becoming
tired. 

6387
05:37:55,300 --> 05:37:58,300
During prolonged activity their 
cardiovascular systems developed

6388
05:37:58,300 --> 05:38:01,700
exceptional capabilities to 
sustain consistent oxygen 

6389
05:38:01,700 --> 05:38:04,400
delivery. 
Their feet evolved into highly 

6390
05:38:04,400 --> 05:38:07,400
Advanced propulsion and shock 
absorption mechanisms. 

6391
05:38:07,400 --> 05:38:10,400
The control of temperature 
became specially complex. 

6392
05:38:10,400 --> 05:38:13,600
Your ancestors capacity to sweat
effectively. 

6393
05:38:13,600 --> 05:38:15,700
While sustaining constant 
activity levels. 

6394
05:38:15,700 --> 05:38:18,500
Is the most sophisticated 
cooling mechanism in the 

6395
05:38:18,500 --> 05:38:21,400
mammalian world. 
In hotter climates they could 

6396
05:38:21,400 --> 05:38:24,400
walk all day, whereas other 
animals needed to take cover 

6397
05:38:24,400 --> 05:38:27,500
from the heat, the more they 
worked, the more effective, the 

6398
05:38:27,500 --> 05:38:28,800
built-in air conditioning 
became. 

6399
05:38:29,600 --> 05:38:31,900
Long-distance walking 
psychological effects were 

6400
05:38:31,900 --> 05:38:34,200
equally as significant as its 
physical ones. 

6401
05:38:34,900 --> 05:38:37,700
Your ancestors possessed. 
Exceptional, mental endurance, 

6402
05:38:37,700 --> 05:38:41,100
which is the capacity to stay 
motivated and focused during 

6403
05:38:41,100 --> 05:38:44,000
long periods of repetitive works
such as hours or days. 

6404
05:38:44,000 --> 05:38:46,500
They developed the ability to 
Pace themselves. 

6405
05:38:46,500 --> 05:38:50,200
Find Rhythm and flow in 
prolonged movement and keep the 

6406
05:38:50,200 --> 05:38:52,200
group cohesive during lengthy 
travels. 

6407
05:38:53,100 --> 05:38:55,500
Modern explorers would be 
impressed by the level of 

6408
05:38:55,500 --> 05:38:59,400
navigation skills, attained. 
They were able to plan multi-day

6409
05:38:59,400 --> 05:39:02,500
routes through unfamiliar 
territory, remember and return 

6410
05:39:02,500 --> 05:39:05,500
to specific locations. 
After long absences and 

6411
05:39:05,500 --> 05:39:08,300
maintained Direction across 
featureless terrain without the 

6412
05:39:08,300 --> 05:39:10,600
use of any tools other than 
their own senses. 

6413
05:39:11,400 --> 05:39:13,700
They gained an intuitive 
awareness of seasonal, 

6414
05:39:13,700 --> 05:39:17,900
variations natural navigational 
markers and Landscape patterns. 

6415
05:39:18,600 --> 05:39:21,400
Group long-distance travel 
required, extraordinary social 

6416
05:39:21,400 --> 05:39:25,200
coordination throughout possibly
weeks of travel groups, had to 

6417
05:39:25,200 --> 05:39:28,100
coordinate rest periods. 
Share the load of carrying 

6418
05:39:28,100 --> 05:39:30,300
supplies. 
Keep their unity and 

6419
05:39:30,300 --> 05:39:33,000
synchronize. 
Their Pace in essence, they were

6420
05:39:33,000 --> 05:39:35,700
creating the ideas of expedition
management, teamwork and 

6421
05:39:35,708 --> 05:39:38,400
Logistics. 
They developed an extremely 

6422
05:39:38,400 --> 05:39:40,200
complex relationship with the 
terrain. 

6423
05:39:40,200 --> 05:39:43,400
They acquired the ability to 
read various ground types and 

6424
05:39:43,400 --> 05:39:47,700
modify their stride for maximum 
Effectiveness on grass, mud, 

6425
05:39:47,700 --> 05:39:51,700
rock, or sand. 
They created methods for safely.

6426
05:39:51,700 --> 05:39:55,000
Traversing, through dense, 
vegetation Crossing streams and 

6427
05:39:55,000 --> 05:39:58,700
walking on steep slopes every 
kind of terrain turned into a 

6428
05:39:58,700 --> 05:40:01,300
puzzle that needed to be solved 
using walking technique. 

6429
05:40:02,000 --> 05:40:04,500
There walking lifestyle was 
supported by the evolution of 

6430
05:40:04,500 --> 05:40:07,200
tool. 
Use walking sticks evolved into 

6431
05:40:07,200 --> 05:40:10,800
multifunctional tools for 
testing the ground Determining 

6432
05:40:10,800 --> 05:40:14,500
depth reaching objects and 
offering leverage on challenging

6433
05:40:14,500 --> 05:40:16,600
terrain. 
There were no longer only used 

6434
05:40:16,600 --> 05:40:19,500
for balance more, advanced 
carrying systems that 

6435
05:40:19,500 --> 05:40:21,900
efficiently distributed weight 
for long distance, 

6436
05:40:21,900 --> 05:40:25,700
Transportation were developed. 
Most significantly though your 

6437
05:40:25,700 --> 05:40:28,900
ancestors were acquiring, what 
we might refer to as walking 

6438
05:40:28,900 --> 05:40:33,000
wisdom, an innate sense of 
Rhythm Pace, endurance and 

6439
05:40:33,000 --> 05:40:36,000
efficiency that would later come
to Define humanity. 

6440
05:40:36,000 --> 05:40:38,400
In addition to learning how to 
walk. 

6441
05:40:38,400 --> 05:40:40,800
They were also learning how to 
walk far, walk. 

6442
05:40:40,800 --> 05:40:44,100
Well, and make walking a 
long-term sustainable lifestyle.

6443
05:40:44,800 --> 05:40:47,200
They were producing something 
that had never been seen before.

6444
05:40:47,200 --> 05:40:50,400
In Natural History, thanks to 
their unique blend of physical 

6445
05:40:50,400 --> 05:40:54,500
prowess, mental stamina, social 
coordination, and Technical 

6446
05:40:54,500 --> 05:40:56,300
Proficiency in bipedal 
locomotion. 

6447
05:40:56,300 --> 05:40:59,400
In addition to being animals 
with the ability to walk 

6448
05:40:59,400 --> 05:41:01,500
upright. 
Your ancestors were developing 

6449
05:41:01,500 --> 05:41:04,200
into the most proficient 
long-distance drivers the world 

6450
05:41:04,200 --> 05:41:07,200
had ever seen. 
Millions of years later, you are

6451
05:41:07,200 --> 05:41:09,900
most likely sitting and reading 
this, which would have perplexed

6452
05:41:09,900 --> 05:41:13,000
your early ancestors, who had to
go to such lengths to get you 

6453
05:41:13,000 --> 05:41:16,100
upright in the first place. 
The beauty of the whole story. 

6454
05:41:16,100 --> 05:41:18,700
However, is that your ancestors 
learned to do more than just 

6455
05:41:18,700 --> 05:41:20,900
stand up and walk? 
They learned to do it. 

6456
05:41:20,900 --> 05:41:23,700
So well that you now have the 
freedom to decide when to use 

6457
05:41:23,700 --> 05:41:25,300
the amazing skills. 
They acquired. 

6458
05:41:26,300 --> 05:41:29,700
In the end becoming proficient 
at by pedal, involved much more 

6459
05:41:29,700 --> 05:41:31,900
than simply moving from one 
location to another. 

6460
05:41:31,900 --> 05:41:35,400
It turned into the Cornerstone 
of everything that makes people 

6461
05:41:35,400 --> 05:41:38,900
special upright, posture 
improved vocal tract 

6462
05:41:38,900 --> 05:41:42,600
configuration and breath control
which contributed to the 

6463
05:41:42,600 --> 05:41:45,300
development of language. 
Hands were released from 

6464
05:41:45,300 --> 05:41:49,400
Locomotion allowing for the use 
of complex tools because Group 

6465
05:41:49,400 --> 05:41:52,100
Travel and coordination required
Advanced planning and 

6466
05:41:52,100 --> 05:41:54,900
communication skills. 
Social cooperation developed, 

6467
05:41:55,600 --> 05:41:58,000
millions of years of walking 
have left their mark on your 

6468
05:41:58,000 --> 05:42:00,500
brain today. 
Numerous generations of 

6469
05:42:00,500 --> 05:42:03,000
ancestors who had to negotiate 
difficult terrain while 

6470
05:42:03,000 --> 05:42:06,200
remaining upright shape the 
neural Pathways that govern 

6471
05:42:06,200 --> 05:42:08,300
balance coordination and spatial
awareness. 

6472
05:42:09,200 --> 05:42:11,800
The ongoing difficulties of 
group coordination and 

6473
05:42:11,800 --> 05:42:15,100
long-distance travel extended 
the areas in charge of planning 

6474
05:42:15,100 --> 05:42:18,000
and problem solving. 
Even the skills, your ancestors,

6475
05:42:18,000 --> 05:42:20,900
required through repeatedly, or 
essential to your current way of

6476
05:42:20,908 --> 05:42:23,300
life. 
You use skills developed over 

6477
05:42:23,300 --> 05:42:26,100
millions of years of upright. 
Walking, when you move through a

6478
05:42:26,100 --> 05:42:29,700
crowded area, keep your balance 
on a moving bus according to 

6479
05:42:29,700 --> 05:42:31,600
your movements while carrying 
multiple objects. 

6480
05:42:32,400 --> 05:42:34,500
You have skills that you 
probably don't think about much 

6481
05:42:34,500 --> 05:42:37,100
but use all the time because of 
your ancestors extensive 

6482
05:42:37,100 --> 05:42:40,800
training and staying vertical. 
Your ancestors endurance, 

6483
05:42:40,800 --> 05:42:42,800
manifests itself in unexpected 
ways. 

6484
05:42:43,600 --> 05:42:46,500
Among the animal kingdoms top 
long-distance Runners are still 

6485
05:42:46,508 --> 05:42:50,200
humans running marathons hiking 
and other Endurance, Sports 

6486
05:42:50,200 --> 05:42:52,400
activate muscles. 
That were evolved for survival, 

6487
05:42:52,400 --> 05:42:56,600
not sport, you possess, the 
genetic Heritage of the greatest

6488
05:42:56,600 --> 05:42:58,200
walkers in the history of 
evolution. 

6489
05:42:59,100 --> 05:43:02,000
Human interaction is still 
influenced by the social aspects

6490
05:43:02,000 --> 05:43:03,800
of your ancestors walking 
lifestyle. 

6491
05:43:04,600 --> 05:43:07,600
All human social organization is
built on the cooperation, 

6492
05:43:07,600 --> 05:43:10,800
communication and group 
coordination skills. 

6493
05:43:10,800 --> 05:43:12,700
They acquired for successful 
Group Travel. 

6494
05:43:13,600 --> 05:43:16,200
The skills that your ancestors 
developed while attempting to 

6495
05:43:16,200 --> 05:43:19,500
travel together across ancient 
Landscapes are used in every 

6496
05:43:19,500 --> 05:43:23,500
team project coordinated effort 
and successful group endeavor. 

6497
05:43:24,400 --> 05:43:27,700
Even in our GPS enabled World, 
your relationship with the 

6498
05:43:27,700 --> 05:43:30,200
landscape and navigation. 
Reflects skills. 

6499
05:43:30,200 --> 05:43:34,300
Your ancestors developed, out of
sheer need millions of years of 

6500
05:43:34,300 --> 05:43:37,900
evolutionary development in Land
Navigation, humans the ability 

6501
05:43:37,900 --> 05:43:41,200
to read terrain comprehend 
spatial relationships and 

6502
05:43:41,200 --> 05:43:44,300
maintain Direction. 
Perhaps most astonishingly. 

6503
05:43:44,300 --> 05:43:47,200
However your ancestors ability 
to walk on two feet. 

6504
05:43:47,200 --> 05:43:50,300
Allowed humans to flourish in 
the nearly any terrestrial 

6505
05:43:50,300 --> 05:43:52,900
setting. 
Something no other species has 

6506
05:43:52,900 --> 05:43:55,900
been able to do. 
Because your ancestors acquired 

6507
05:43:55,900 --> 05:43:59,200
such amazing walking skills. 
And the intelligence to use them

6508
05:43:59,200 --> 05:44:03,400
efficiently, humans are able to 
adapt and survive in a variety 

6509
05:44:03,400 --> 05:44:05,900
of environments. 
From the Arctic tundra to the 

6510
05:44:05,900 --> 05:44:08,900
tropical rainforest from 
mountaintops to the Ocean. 

6511
05:44:08,900 --> 05:44:12,300
Shores, being able to stand up 
straight, was not only a 

6512
05:44:12,300 --> 05:44:15,100
physical accomplishment, it 
marked the start of human 

6513
05:44:15,100 --> 05:44:19,000
civilization culture technology 
and language. 

6514
05:44:19,800 --> 05:44:22,900
The foundation your ancestors 
laid when they first got up and 

6515
05:44:22,900 --> 05:44:25,200
made the decision to remain. 
That way as the basis for all 

6516
05:44:25,200 --> 05:44:28,000
human achievements, from the 
invention of the first stone 

6517
05:44:28,000 --> 05:44:31,700
tools to space exploration. 
Take a moment to appreciate the 

6518
05:44:31,700 --> 05:44:33,700
Incredible Journey. 
That led you to this point. 

6519
05:44:33,700 --> 05:44:37,400
The next time you stand up, 
really stand up with your head. 

6520
05:44:37,400 --> 05:44:41,900
High hands-free, spine curve, 
just right, and your weight 

6521
05:44:41,900 --> 05:44:44,600
balanced on two feet. 
You are The Offspring of 

6522
05:44:44,600 --> 05:44:47,300
creatures that took one of the 
most unlikely risks in the 

6523
05:44:47,300 --> 05:44:49,500
history of the natural world and
made it work. 

6524
05:44:49,500 --> 05:44:53,000
Remarkably, well, you're the 
result of millions of years of 

6525
05:44:53,000 --> 05:44:56,900
evolutionary, experimentation 
the ability to stand tall in the

6526
05:44:56,908 --> 05:44:58,900
world. 
Both literally and figuratively 

6527
05:44:58,900 --> 05:45:03,100
is a gift from your ancestors. 
They evolved in to beings that 

6528
05:45:03,100 --> 05:45:06,500
made upright walking, their 
defining trait, rather than 

6529
05:45:06,500 --> 05:45:09,100
creatures that occasionally 
stood up to gain a better view. 

6530
05:45:09,100 --> 05:45:12,200
They transformed a last-ditch 
effort to adapt to changing 

6531
05:45:12,200 --> 05:45:14,900
conditions in to The Greatest 
Adventure in human history. 

6532
05:45:16,100 --> 05:45:18,500
You can now, sleep soundly 
knowing that you will be taking 

6533
05:45:18,500 --> 05:45:21,300
part in one of the most 
successful evolutionary 

6534
05:45:21,300 --> 05:45:24,200
Innovations in the history of 
life on earth when you wake up 

6535
05:45:24,208 --> 05:45:27,600
and walk for the first time 
tomorrow, good walks and sweet 

6536
05:45:27,600 --> 05:45:28,200
dreams.