How People Once Used the Secret Language of Flowers | Boring History

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What is popping in the hood? 
My brotatoes. 

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That's right. 
It's back pretty much every 

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single episode. 
Now since you guys have missed 

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that so much. 
Now if you were sitting by a 

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fire, a couple hundred years 
ago, someone might hand you a 

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small bouquet and expect you to 
understand exactly what they 

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meant without a single word 
being said. 

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So I'm glad you're here to ease 
into that kind of quiet tonight.

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This episode is, and will always
be a carefully researched and 

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thoughtfully shaped sleep. 
Story built from historical 

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accounts and period writing 
designed to be both accurate and

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calming. 
Now with the fire settling into 

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a steady glow, where drifting 
into the secret language of 

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flowers, her floriography spread
across 18th and 19th century 

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Europe, how meaningless were 
assigned messages arranged and 

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how something. 
So simple once carried, entire 

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conversation before slowly 
fading away, if this calm 

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slightly boring reflection and 
helps you unwind, feel free to 

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follow. 
Drop a like and tell me where 

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you're listening from and what 
time it is for you now, shut 

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those lights off. 
Let your head rest into the 

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pillow, turn on that fan and 
let's get rolling. 

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Long before, text messages and 
phone calls. 

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People found creative ways to 
say what words could not. 

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In the drawing rooms and Gardens
of 18th and 19th century. 

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Europe flowers, became a 
language, all their own Tonight 

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you will discover how a simple 
bouquet could convey. 

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Love rejection warning or hope 
without a single word. 

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Spoken aloud you stand in a 
London Garden in 1716 the air 

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smells of roses and freshly 
turned Earth. 

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Around you guests in powdered 
wigs, drift between flower beds,

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their silk shoes, collecting due
from the grass, the evening 

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light, turns everything, golden 
bees, work the lavender borders,

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with drowsy determination. 
This is not your garden party. 

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You are merely observing as one 
does when time itself decides to

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be generous with its secrets. 
The hostess Lady Mary Wortley 

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montagu has just returned from 
Constantinople. 

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Carries something more valuable 
than Turkish silks or exotic 

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spices, she carries an idea 
lady. 

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Maryus, 30 years old, she is 
brilliant well-traveled and 

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completely uninterested in the 
conventional, limitations placed

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on women of hero. 
Her journey to the Ottoman 

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Empire came about because her 
husband was appointed ambassador

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to the Turkish Court. 
Most English women would have 

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stayed home Lady, Mary insisted 
on going along. 

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She spent two years there, two 
years, watching learning and 

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recording everything. 
She saw she witnessed Customs. 

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That English society would find 
shocking. 

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She observed freedoms that 
English women did not enjoy. 

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And she discovered something 
that would Fascinate her for the

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rest of her life. 
The Turks spoke with flowers. 

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Now, she moves through her 
guests with unusual purpose in 

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her hands. 
She holds a small bouquet three 

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roses two sprigs of Myrtle, a 
single stem of Jasmine. 

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To most of her guests. 
This is simply a pretty 

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Arrangement but Lady Mary knows 
better. 

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The roses are pink not red. 
This matters enormously the 

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Myrtle has been placed at a 
specific angle. 

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The Jasmine wraps around the 
stems in a deliberate pattern. 

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Every element of this bouquet 
has been chosen and positioned 

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according to rules that. 
Nobody in this Garden 

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understands except Lady Mary 
herself. 

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She spent two years in the 
Ottoman Empire, she has watched 

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Turkish, women communicate 
through flowers when words were 

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forbidden or dangerous She has 
learned that a yellow rose. 

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Means something entirely 
different from a red one. 

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She is discovered that, the way 
you hold a flower can change its

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entire meaning, she learned this
necessity in the ottoman Court, 

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men and women occupied separates
fears, direct communication 

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between unmarried. 
Young people was impossible, 

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chaperones monitored every 
interaction letters. 

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Could be intercepted, private 
conversations were forbidden but

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flowers. 
Moved freely through the world. 

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A servant could carry bouquet 
without suspicion. 

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A young woman could accept 
flowers without Scandal and if 

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you knew the code those flowers 
could tell you everything you 

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needed to know. 
Lady Mary filled her letters 

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home with descriptions of this 
practice. 

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She wrote to her sister about 
the elaborate system of Salem. 

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She explained how Turkish lovers
conducted entire courtships 

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through Botanical Arrangements. 
She promised that when she 

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returned to England, she would 
teach this secret language to 

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anyone who wished to learn it. 
Tonight. 

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She plans to share this 
discovery with England. 

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You watch as she approaches a 
young woman near the fountain. 

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The woman has been crying 
everyone at the party knows why 

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the father has arranged her 
marriage to a man three times 

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her age. 
The groom is wealthy, but cruel,

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he is buried two wives already 
in three weeks, she will become 

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the wife of someone. 
She barely knows and deeply 

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fears. 
The young woman's name is 

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Catherine. 
She is 19. 

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She has no power to refuse this 
marriage. 

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Her father needs the money. 
The match will bring her 

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opinions are irrelevant her 
feelings, do not matter, she 

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will marry the old man and that 
is the end of discussion. 

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Except that lady Mary is about 
to offer her, something not 

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Escape not rescue, but something
almost, as valuable a way to 

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speak when speak is forbidden. 
Lady Mary had the bouquet the 

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young woman. 
Accepts it with confusion a 

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hands, Shake slightly as she 
holds the flowers. 

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She looks at lady mayor Mary 
with red Rim, dies Lady Mary 

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leans, close and Whispers 
something For perhaps 30 

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seconds, she explains what the 
roses mean, what the Myrtle 

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signifies why the Jasmine has 
been included. 

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She tells Catherine that these 
flowers say, courage, hope and 

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the promise that even in 
difficult circumstances, Beauty 

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can exist, the woman's 
expression changes. 

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She studies the flowers with new
understanding a small smile 

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appears on her face. 
Not happiness. 

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Exactly. 
But something like relief. 

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Someone has acknowledged her 
situation, someone has offered 

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her away to express what she 
cannot say. 

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Allowed. 
Catherine, tucks, the bouquet 

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into the lace at her bodice. 
She will keep these flowers 

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until they crumbled to dust and 
she will remember that on the 

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night, when she felt most 
trapped and voiceless, someone 

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taught her that flowers could 
speak for her. 

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Other guests noticed the 
exchange they see Lady Mary 

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Whispering. 
They see Catherine smile, they 

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wonder what was said. 
Within the week three different 

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women will call on Lady Mary 
asking about the flowers within 

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the month. 
She will have taught a dozen 

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ladies the basics of Turkish 
Salem. 

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What lady mayor has just done 
will Ripple through Europe for 

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the next 150 years. 
The language of flowers, my 

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gentle petals is about to Blue, 
You find yourself now in an 

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Istanbul Garden in 1600 and 998,
this is where it all truly 

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Begins. 
The Ottoman Empire has refined 

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flour communication into an art 
form called seelam. 

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The word itself means greeting 
But selim is far more complex 

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than a simple. 
Hello, the garden where you 

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stand belongs to a wealthy 
family. 

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Roses, climb the walls Jasmine 
spills over Stone benches. 

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Tulips stand and careful Rose. 
The air is thick with fragrance.

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Fountains, provide constant 
background music. 

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This is a place designed for 
contemplation and beauty. 

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But it is also a place to 
designed for communication in 

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this culture. 
Direct communication between men

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and women is carefully, 
restricted. 

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Young lovers cannot simply walk 
together in a park. 

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They cannot send letters that 
might be intercepted and read, 

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they certainly cannot have 
private conversations without 

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chaperones listening to every 
word. 

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The restrictions are not 
arbitrary cruelty. 

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They exist to protect reputation
and maintain social order and 

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unmarried woman must guard. 
Her virtue carefully. 

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Any hint of impropriety can ruin
her prospects. 

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Her family's honor depends on 
her behavior. 

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Stakes are genuinely high. 
So they talked with flowers 

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instead, a man wants to tell a 
woman. 

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He thinks of her constantly, he 
sends her a sprig of rosemary, 

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the herb has meant Rememberance 
for centuries, it grows in 

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Garden's. 
Throughout the Mediterranean, 

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it's sent his sharp and 
unstable. 

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It preserves memories in its 
very fragrant. 

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She receives the Rosemary and 
understands immediately, no 

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words, no Scandal, just Rosemary
and the message it carries. 

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But the system is far more 
sophisticated than simple flower

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meanings the Turks of developed 
an entire grammar of flowers, 

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how you present a flower matters
as much as which flower you 

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choose. 
Hold it with your right hand and

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the meaning is positive, switch 
to your left hand, and you 

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reverse the message entirely. 
A red rose in the right hand 

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says, I love you. 
The same rows in the left hand 

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says, my feelings have changed. 
The flower has not changed, your

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hand has and that changes 
everything. 

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The placement of flowers, adds 
another layer of meaning, where 

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a flower on your heart and you 
express deep emotion, place it 

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near your head and you signal. 
Careful thought rather than 

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passion, turn it upside down and
you reverse, its traditional 

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meaning completely The Tulip 
normally means perfect love, but

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presented tulip upside down. 
And you suggest that love has 

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been poisoned by doubt or 
betrayal. 

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The same beautiful flower 
becomes, an accusation simply by

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orientation even the number of 
flowers, carries significant 

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three roses mean, something 
different from four An odd. 

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Number might suggest secrecy or 
confidentiality and even number 

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could indicate openness and 
public acknowledgment. 

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A man who sends five flowers is 
saying this is between us alone.

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A man who sends six flowers is 
saying, I want the world to 

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know. 
The quantity speaks as loudly as

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the blooms themselves, the color
of wrapping or Ribbon matters 

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too, red intensifies, romantic 
meanings, white suggests, 

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Purity, or spiritual connection.
Green indicates, hope for the 

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future, black warns of danger or
Mourning the time of day. 

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When flowers arrive can modify 
their message. 

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Morning delivery, suggest fresh 
new feelings evening delivery 

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indicates long-held emotions 
flowers that are at midnight 

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carry, urgently or desperation 
the Turks have created a 

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language with vocabulary grammar
and syntax. 

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It simply happens to use petals 
instead of letters. 

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You watch a young woman, receive
a small bouquet from a servant, 

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the servant is elderly and 
trusted, she accepts payment and

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leaves without comment. 
This is her job, she is 

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delivered. 
Hundreds of such messages, she 

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never asks questions, The young 
woman takes the bouquet, her 

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private chamber. 
She closes the door. 

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She sits by the window where 
light is best. 

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She studies the arrangement 
carefully. 

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Seven flowers total an odd. 
Number suggesting privacy. 

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Three red, tulips held upright, 
four white roses positioned 

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below them. 
A single sprig of Basil wrapped 

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in green ribbon The whole 
Arrangement is presented with 

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stems pointing toward her heart.
She begins decoding the message 

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red tulips mean perfect. 
Love The fact that there are 

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three of them emphasizes the 
sincerity, the upright position 

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confirms positive intent. 
White roses indicate pure 

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devotion, four of them 
suggestibility and commitment 

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their placement below. 
The Tulips shows proper 

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humility. 
The sender does not presume too 

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much basil. 
Carries complex, meaning it can 

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suggest hatred, but that makes 
no sense in this context. 

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He can also mean best wishes or 
good luck. 

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She decides it indicates 
blessing, and hope for the 

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future. 
The green ribbon confirms this 

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interpretation of green means 
hope the sender is hopeful about

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their future together. 
Stems pointing toward her heart.

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Tell her this message comes from
Deep feeling. 

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Not casual interest. 
The whole bouquet translates to 

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something like this. 
I love you, truly, and 

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completely my intentions are 
pure and honorable, I come from 

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a good family with resources, to
support you. 

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I hope for your acceptance. 
I will wait for your answer. 

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She's received a marriage 
proposal, she knows who sent it.

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They have met briefly at family.
Gatherings, always with 

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chaperones present, they have 
never spoken privately. 

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But he is watched her. 
And now he is asked She 

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considers her response 
carefully, she likes him, he 

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seems kind. 
His family is respectable. 

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Her father would have proved the
match, she could do much worse, 

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she decides to accept, but she 
will also set certain terms, she

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00:12:20,100 --> 00:12:23,400
values honesty about wealth. 
She expects for deity and 

234
00:12:23,400 --> 00:12:26,100
respect. 
She will require time to prepare

235
00:12:26,100 --> 00:12:28,200
for such a significant change in
her life. 

236
00:12:29,100 --> 00:12:31,800
She goes to her own garden. 
She selects flowers with the 

237
00:12:31,800 --> 00:12:34,800
same care. 
He used she chooses, pink roses 

238
00:12:34,800 --> 00:12:38,100
for admiration and Grace. 
She adds Jasmine for Amy 

239
00:12:38,100 --> 00:12:41,400
ability. 
Indicating she finds implant she

240
00:12:41,400 --> 00:12:44,300
includes Myrtle from Marriage, 
giving her a clear acceptance. 

241
00:12:45,200 --> 00:12:48,600
She adds a single Iris for 
wisdom, suggesting she values 

242
00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:52,400
intelligence, she arranges them 
in groups of four, even numbers 

243
00:12:52,400 --> 00:12:54,400
for openness. 
She wants him to know. 

244
00:12:54,400 --> 00:12:57,900
She is answering honestly and 
without games, she wraps 

245
00:12:57,900 --> 00:13:00,400
everything in white ribbon for 
purity of intent. 

246
00:13:01,100 --> 00:13:03,500
She hands the bouquet to the 
same elderly servant and 

247
00:13:03,500 --> 00:13:06,300
includes payment. 
Her reply will reach him by 

248
00:13:06,300 --> 00:13:08,300
tomorrow. 
She has said, yes to the 

249
00:13:08,300 --> 00:13:10,400
meeting. 
She was indicated that she 

250
00:13:10,400 --> 00:13:11,900
values. 
Honesty above wealth. 

251
00:13:11,900 --> 00:13:14,700
She is set terms for their 
courtship without speaking a 

252
00:13:14,700 --> 00:13:18,100
single word. this exchange will 
lead to three more floral 

253
00:13:18,100 --> 00:13:22,100
messages, then a formal meeting 
with families present, then 

254
00:13:22,100 --> 00:13:25,000
negotiations about Dowry and 
living arrangements, then 

255
00:13:25,000 --> 00:13:28,800
engagement, then marriage, all 
of it, beginning with flowers 

256
00:13:28,800 --> 00:13:32,900
that spoke when words could not 
This is what Lady Mary Wortley 

257
00:13:32,900 --> 00:13:35,600
montagu witnessed during her 
time in Constantinople. 

258
00:13:36,200 --> 00:13:38,100
She saw dozens of such 
exchanges. 

259
00:13:38,100 --> 00:13:41,300
She learned the basic vocabulary
from Turkish women. 

260
00:13:41,300 --> 00:13:44,900
Who befriended her, she watched 
courtships conducted entirely 

261
00:13:44,900 --> 00:13:48,500
through Botanical Arrangements. 
This is what she brought back to

262
00:13:48,500 --> 00:13:50,500
England. 
This is what will transform 

263
00:13:50,500 --> 00:13:53,100
European Society in ways? 
She cannot possibly imagine. 

264
00:13:54,200 --> 00:13:57,600
The sophistication of the system
amazes her, the Turks have been 

265
00:13:57,600 --> 00:14:01,100
developing seal for centuries, 
different regions have slight 

266
00:14:01,100 --> 00:14:04,600
variations in meaning different 
families, passed down their own 

267
00:14:04,600 --> 00:14:07,600
interpretations. 
But the core vocabulary remains 

268
00:14:07,600 --> 00:14:09,400
consistent enough for practical 
use. 

269
00:14:10,100 --> 00:14:12,600
Lady Mary feels notebooks with 
flower meanings. 

270
00:14:13,400 --> 00:14:16,400
Sketches Arrangements. 
She records placement rules and 

271
00:14:16,400 --> 00:14:19,300
presentation Customs. 
She documents everything. 

272
00:14:19,300 --> 00:14:21,000
She can learn about this secret 
language. 

273
00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:25,100
She understands that England 
needs this English, women face 

274
00:14:25,100 --> 00:14:28,200
their own restrictions. 
They cannot speak freely about 

275
00:14:28,200 --> 00:14:30,100
emotions. 
They must guard their 

276
00:14:30,100 --> 00:14:32,900
reputations carefully. 
They need ways to communicate 

277
00:14:32,900 --> 00:14:35,800
that Society. 
Considers acceptable flowers 

278
00:14:35,800 --> 00:14:39,500
offer the perfect solution. 
They are beautiful portable and 

279
00:14:39,500 --> 00:14:42,400
socially appropriate. 
A woman can receive a bouquet 

280
00:14:42,400 --> 00:14:44,800
without Scandal. 
She can send flowers without 

281
00:14:44,800 --> 00:14:48,100
impropriety the language 
operates in plain sight. 

282
00:14:48,900 --> 00:14:52,000
Lady Mary returns to England 
with her notebooks full of flour

283
00:14:52,000 --> 00:14:54,000
law. 
She is ready to teach this 

284
00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:55,900
secret language to anyone who 
will listen. 

285
00:14:56,600 --> 00:15:01,400
He returned to England. 
Now the year is 1718 Lady. 

286
00:15:01,400 --> 00:15:04,600
Mary has published her Turkish 
Embassy letters in them. 

287
00:15:04,600 --> 00:15:06,400
She describes the SEMA in 
detail. 

288
00:15:06,400 --> 00:15:10,200
She explains how flowers can 
convey thoughts that Society 

289
00:15:10,200 --> 00:15:13,500
forbids women to speak aloud 
English society. 

290
00:15:13,500 --> 00:15:17,200
As it turns out is extremely 
interested in this concept, the 

291
00:15:17,200 --> 00:15:19,200
Georgian era loves secret 
languages. 

292
00:15:19,200 --> 00:15:23,700
This is a culture obsessed with 
coded communication fans have 

293
00:15:23,700 --> 00:15:27,000
their own elaborate system. 
A woman can signal interest 

294
00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:29,700
warning or rejection with a 
flick of her wrist. 

295
00:15:29,700 --> 00:15:33,200
Hold a fan to your right cheek 
and you say yes hold it to your 

296
00:15:33,200 --> 00:15:36,600
left cheek and you say no open 
its slowly in your expression, 

297
00:15:36,600 --> 00:15:41,500
snap it shut and you indicate in
patients, gloves can be adjusted

298
00:15:41,500 --> 00:15:44,100
in ways that send specific 
messages to those watching. 

299
00:15:44,100 --> 00:15:47,200
Carefully drop one glove and you
signal that you wish to be 

300
00:15:47,200 --> 00:15:51,400
followed, drop both gloves and 
you indicate, love twist them in

301
00:15:51,400 --> 00:15:54,700
your hands and you express in 
different even the way someone 

302
00:15:54,700 --> 00:15:57,200
carries a handkerchief can 
communicate, Volumes to those 

303
00:15:57,200 --> 00:16:00,500
who know the code place it to 
your lips and you desire, a 

304
00:16:00,500 --> 00:16:03,600
kiss, let it fall from your hand
and you suggest you want to be 

305
00:16:03,608 --> 00:16:05,900
friends. 
Fold it carefully and you 

306
00:16:05,900 --> 00:16:09,300
indicate no interest. 
Flowers fit perfectly into this 

307
00:16:09,300 --> 00:16:13,500
world of unspoken conversations,
Lady Mary become something of a 

308
00:16:13,500 --> 00:16:16,900
celebrity after her letters, are
published women of quality seek 

309
00:16:16,900 --> 00:16:19,600
her out at Social Gatherings. 
They want to know more about the

310
00:16:19,600 --> 00:16:22,500
Turkish flower language. 
They asked to explain the 

311
00:16:22,500 --> 00:16:24,600
meanings. 
They request instruction in 

312
00:16:24,600 --> 00:16:27,700
proper Arrangements. 
She obliges she holds informal 

313
00:16:27,700 --> 00:16:30,000
Gatherings where she teaches the
basics of Salem. 

314
00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:33,900
She demonstrates how to decode a
simple bouquet, she explains the

315
00:16:33,900 --> 00:16:35,700
grammar of hand positions and 
stem. 

316
00:16:35,700 --> 00:16:39,700
Orientations she shares what she
learned in Constantinople at 

317
00:16:39,700 --> 00:16:42,300
first, only the aristocracy 
dabbles in flower language. 

318
00:16:42,300 --> 00:16:44,400
It remains a parlor game for the
wealthy. 

319
00:16:45,200 --> 00:16:48,000
A martian s might send a small 
bouquet to a duchess with a 

320
00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:49,800
teasing message tucked between 
the petals. 

321
00:16:49,800 --> 00:16:54,300
The Duchess would reply in kind.
Both women would laugh at their 

322
00:16:54,300 --> 00:16:57,800
cleverness while drinking tea 
the practice spread slowly at 

323
00:16:57,800 --> 00:17:01,100
first. it takes time for 
knowledge to circulate Beyond 

324
00:17:01,100 --> 00:17:05,000
Lady Marys immediate Social 
Circle but gradually more people

325
00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:08,099
learn the basics a woman who 
attended one of Lady Mary's 

326
00:17:08,099 --> 00:17:11,300
gathering's teachers her sister 
the sister teaches her friends, 

327
00:17:11,300 --> 00:17:15,200
the friends teach their 
daughters but something shifts 

328
00:17:15,200 --> 00:17:18,700
in the late 1700s. 
The practice begins to spread 

329
00:17:18,700 --> 00:17:22,200
Beyond a risk drawing rooms 
middle class families, start 

330
00:17:22,200 --> 00:17:25,099
learning flower meanings. 
The growth of literacy, helps 

331
00:17:25,099 --> 00:17:29,100
more people can read more people
purchase books and books about 

332
00:17:29,100 --> 00:17:32,600
flowers, begin to appear Young 
women, begin pressing, flowers 

333
00:17:32,600 --> 00:17:34,800
into journals and recording 
their significance. 

334
00:17:34,800 --> 00:17:38,400
They create personal references 
for themselves, they note which 

335
00:17:38,400 --> 00:17:41,200
flowers mean friendship, and 
which suggests romance, they 

336
00:17:41,200 --> 00:17:43,800
draw sketches of arrangements 
and label each Bloom with its 

337
00:17:43,800 --> 00:17:47,000
symbolic value mothers. 
Teach daughters, which flowers 

338
00:17:47,000 --> 00:17:49,800
mean, what? 
This becomes part of female 

339
00:17:49,800 --> 00:17:52,900
education, like learning to 
embroider or play the piano 

340
00:17:52,900 --> 00:17:56,700
Forte, a well-bred, young woman 
should know her flower meanings,

341
00:17:56,700 --> 00:17:59,200
just, as she should know, how to
conduct herself at a ball. 

342
00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:03,000
The practice becomes deeply 
intertwined with Garden Culture.

343
00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:06,500
English Gardens in the 18th 
century already elaborate 

344
00:18:06,500 --> 00:18:09,500
Affairs, wealthy families, 
maintain extensive flower 

345
00:18:09,500 --> 00:18:13,800
gardens, they grow roses Lilies,
tulips Jasmine, lavender and 

346
00:18:13,800 --> 00:18:16,800
hundreds of other species. 
Now, these Gardens gain 

347
00:18:16,800 --> 00:18:20,700
additional purpose, they become 
living vocabularies a woman, who

348
00:18:20,700 --> 00:18:23,800
knows flower language looks at 
her garden and sees not just 

349
00:18:23,800 --> 00:18:27,500
Beauty, but potential messages, 
each flower bed represents 

350
00:18:27,500 --> 00:18:30,900
possibilities for communication 
books appear, small, 

351
00:18:30,900 --> 00:18:34,100
dictionaries of flower. 
Meaning start circulating a book

352
00:18:34,100 --> 00:18:36,900
seller in London Publishers, a 
slim volume titled, the language

353
00:18:36,900 --> 00:18:42,200
of flowers in 1700 and 72. 
Barely 80 pages, long the print 

354
00:18:42,200 --> 00:18:44,800
is Tiny. 
The Binding is cheap, but it 

355
00:18:44,800 --> 00:18:47,600
sells out within a month. 
You flip through one of these 

356
00:18:47,600 --> 00:18:50,600
early flower dictionaries, the 
entry is a brief, but specific 

357
00:18:50,600 --> 00:18:53,700
each page lists flowers 
alphabetically with their 

358
00:18:53,700 --> 00:18:58,000
assigned, meanings hammerless 
means Pride, or Splendid Beauty.

359
00:18:58,800 --> 00:19:02,700
The book does not explain why it
simply States the association as

360
00:19:02,700 --> 00:19:06,400
fact. 
Anemone suggests for Satan or 

361
00:19:06,400 --> 00:19:11,500
sickness again, no explanation. 
The meaning is presented as 

362
00:19:11,500 --> 00:19:15,600
established truth, our Butters 
translates to the only do I love

363
00:19:16,500 --> 00:19:20,100
This is oddly specific for a 
relatively uncommon plant, but 

364
00:19:20,100 --> 00:19:22,500
the dictionary insist, this is 
what our Butters means. 

365
00:19:22,500 --> 00:19:25,900
Each page, reveals new 
possibilities for silent 

366
00:19:25,900 --> 00:19:27,900
conversation. 
Bachelor. 

367
00:19:27,900 --> 00:19:31,200
Buttons means celibacy in 
sympathy. 

368
00:19:31,200 --> 00:19:34,900
Balsam means impatience. 
They leave suggest Glory. 

369
00:19:35,900 --> 00:19:39,600
Begonia warns, beware. 
The definitions are not always 

370
00:19:39,600 --> 00:19:41,100
consistent between different 
books. 

371
00:19:41,100 --> 00:19:44,400
This becomes a persistent 
problem different. 

372
00:19:44,400 --> 00:19:47,000
Authors assigned different 
meanings to the same flowers. 

373
00:19:47,000 --> 00:19:51,200
A white lily might mean Purity 
in one dictionary and majesty 

374
00:19:51,200 --> 00:19:54,900
and another Yellow roses could 
indicate friendship or jealousy 

375
00:19:54,900 --> 00:19:56,500
depending on which book you 
consult. 

376
00:19:57,100 --> 00:20:00,000
This inconsistency will plague 
floriography throughout its 

377
00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:03,600
existence, but for now, it 
simply adds to the mystery and 

378
00:20:03,600 --> 00:20:06,700
appeal, the fact that flower 
meanings are not completely 

379
00:20:06,700 --> 00:20:09,700
standardized makes the practice 
feel more, esoteric and special,

380
00:20:09,700 --> 00:20:12,600
you need to know which 
dictionary someone is using to 

381
00:20:12,600 --> 00:20:15,100
properly decode. 
Their message, young, women 

382
00:20:15,100 --> 00:20:18,300
become experts in flower 
symbolism, they spend hours and 

383
00:20:18,300 --> 00:20:20,200
Gardens, studying each Bloom and
memorizing. 

384
00:20:20,200 --> 00:20:24,200
Its meaning a young woman in 
1700 and 1880 might spend an 

385
00:20:24,200 --> 00:20:26,900
entire afternoon simply walking 
through her family's Gardens 

386
00:20:26,900 --> 00:20:29,300
with a flower dictionary, 
testing herself on each. 

387
00:20:29,300 --> 00:20:32,700
Planting counters, they press 
flowers between book, pages to 

388
00:20:32,700 --> 00:20:35,000
preserve them. 
The Pressed flowers, become 

389
00:20:35,000 --> 00:20:38,400
reference materials, a young 
woman can look at her collection

390
00:20:38,400 --> 00:20:41,400
and remember. 
What each flower means she can 

391
00:20:41,400 --> 00:20:43,500
show her pressed flowers to 
friends and teach them. 

392
00:20:43,500 --> 00:20:45,800
The meanings. 
They paint watercolors of 

393
00:20:45,800 --> 00:20:48,300
meaningful. 
Bouquets, these painting serve 

394
00:20:48,300 --> 00:20:52,100
multiple purposes, they 
demonstrate artistic skill, they

395
00:20:52,100 --> 00:20:54,700
show knowledge of flowers. 
They can even function as 

396
00:20:54,700 --> 00:20:58,100
messages in the cells. 
A woman might paint a bouquet 

397
00:20:58,100 --> 00:21:00,900
with specific symbolic meaning 
and give the painting to someone

398
00:21:00,900 --> 00:21:03,400
as a gift. 
The painting becomes a permanent

399
00:21:03,400 --> 00:21:06,900
version of a floral message. 
They embroider flower symbols 

400
00:21:06,900 --> 00:21:10,200
onto handkerchiefs and gloves, 
this combines two fashionable 

401
00:21:10,200 --> 00:21:12,700
skills. 
Needlework is already an 

402
00:21:12,700 --> 00:21:16,000
expected female accomplishment, 
adding symbolic flowers makes 

403
00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:19,100
the work more meaningful a 
handkerchief embroidered with 

404
00:21:19,100 --> 00:21:21,900
forget-me-nots. 
Becomes a promise of remembrance

405
00:21:21,900 --> 00:21:25,000
gloves decorated with roses 
become a declaration of 

406
00:21:25,008 --> 00:21:29,300
affection, the practice becomes 
deeply feminine Men certainly 

407
00:21:29,300 --> 00:21:31,500
participate. 
But women Drive the trend. 

408
00:21:32,300 --> 00:21:34,900
In an era when female education 
focuses heavily on 

409
00:21:34,900 --> 00:21:37,400
accomplishments. 
Rather than academics flower 

410
00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:40,300
language offers an intellectual 
Pursuit that Society considers 

411
00:21:40,300 --> 00:21:43,700
appropriate for ladies. 
Women can spend time learning 

412
00:21:43,700 --> 00:21:46,300
flower meaning, without being 
accused of unfeminine 

413
00:21:46,300 --> 00:21:49,800
intellectual potential. 
They can study and memorize and 

414
00:21:49,800 --> 00:21:51,500
master a complex symbolic 
system. 

415
00:21:51,500 --> 00:21:54,700
They can engage in linguistic, 
analysis, and creative 

416
00:21:54,700 --> 00:21:57,200
composition. 
All of this is acceptable 

417
00:21:57,200 --> 00:22:00,100
because it involves flowers, 
which are suitably feminine. 

418
00:22:00,700 --> 00:22:04,300
You watch a young woman in 1700 
and 1985 receiver bouquet from 

419
00:22:04,308 --> 00:22:07,200
an admirer. 
She's 18 years old, her name's 

420
00:22:07,200 --> 00:22:10,000
Elizabeth, she lives with her 
parents in a comfortable house 

421
00:22:10,000 --> 00:22:12,100
in bath. 
She has been taught flower 

422
00:22:12,100 --> 00:22:14,500
language by her mother, who 
learned it from an aunt, who 

423
00:22:14,500 --> 00:22:16,700
wants attended a gathering 
hosted by Lady Mary. 

424
00:22:16,700 --> 00:22:20,100
Wortley, montagu herself, the 
bouquet arrives on a Tuesday 

425
00:22:20,100 --> 00:22:22,600
Morning, a servant. 
Brings it to her sitting room. 

426
00:22:23,300 --> 00:22:26,400
Elizabeth dismisses, the servant
and examines the flowers in 

427
00:22:26,400 --> 00:22:29,300
private. 
This is important decoding. 

428
00:22:29,300 --> 00:22:31,100
A floral message requires 
concentration. 

429
00:22:31,100 --> 00:22:34,100
It is not something to do. 
While others watch. 

430
00:22:34,800 --> 00:22:37,400
She takes the bouquet to her 
room and carefully dismantles 

431
00:22:37,400 --> 00:22:39,500
it. 
She lays each flower on her 

432
00:22:39,500 --> 00:22:44,000
writing desk, she counts them. 
Seven, flowers, total an odd. 

433
00:22:44,000 --> 00:22:46,600
Number suggesting the message is
meant to be kept private. 

434
00:22:46,600 --> 00:22:48,800
The flowers are not randomly 
chosen. 

435
00:22:48,800 --> 00:22:53,200
Each one has been selected. 
Deliberately 3, Pyrenees, She 

436
00:22:53,200 --> 00:22:56,600
consults her flower dictionary, 
peonies mean, bashfulness or 

437
00:22:56,600 --> 00:23:00,300
shame, but in combination with 
other flowers, they can suggest 

438
00:23:00,300 --> 00:23:03,600
a bashful Declaration of love. 
The sender is shy. 

439
00:23:03,600 --> 00:23:07,200
But sincere to forget me nots, 
these are unambiguous. 

440
00:23:08,000 --> 00:23:11,400
True love and Remembrance. 
He wants her to remember him. 

441
00:23:12,100 --> 00:23:16,200
He suggests his love is genuine 
one stem of honeysuckle this 

442
00:23:16,200 --> 00:23:19,800
means devoted affection or 
generous and devoted affection 

443
00:23:19,800 --> 00:23:23,300
depending on which dictionary 
you use, Elizabeth's dictionary 

444
00:23:23,300 --> 00:23:26,800
says devoted affection. 
She decides that interpretation 

445
00:23:26,800 --> 00:23:30,500
fits the overall tone of the 
arrangement, one red rose at the

446
00:23:30,508 --> 00:23:32,600
center. 
This is the heart of the 

447
00:23:32,600 --> 00:23:35,400
message. 
Passionate, love deep romantic 

448
00:23:35,400 --> 00:23:37,800
feeling. 
This is the main Clause of his 

449
00:23:37,800 --> 00:23:40,200
floral sentence. 
Everything is wrapped with 

450
00:23:40,208 --> 00:23:43,500
Myrtle, Myrtle is the 
traditional symbol of marriage. 

451
00:23:43,500 --> 00:23:46,000
It has meant matrimony for 
centuries. 

452
00:23:46,000 --> 00:23:49,500
Its inclusion here is 
unmistakable, he is not 

453
00:23:49,500 --> 00:23:52,600
suggesting casual courtship, he 
is proposing marriage. 

454
00:23:52,600 --> 00:23:55,000
His message is clear and 
specific. 

455
00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:57,300
I love you. 
Deeply and devotedly. 

456
00:23:57,300 --> 00:24:00,000
I know I am bashful and perhaps 
not bold enough. 

457
00:24:00,000 --> 00:24:02,900
I promised to remember you 
always and to remain. 

458
00:24:02,900 --> 00:24:04,700
Faithful. 
Will you marry me? 

459
00:24:05,600 --> 00:24:07,400
Elizabeth knows who sent the 
flowers. 

460
00:24:07,400 --> 00:24:10,400
There is a young man who has 
been attending the same social 

461
00:24:10,400 --> 00:24:14,400
Gatherings as her family. 
His name is Thomas, he is 

462
00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:17,300
Pleasant looking but shy. 
They have spoken briefly on 

463
00:24:17,300 --> 00:24:20,500
three occasions, each time. 
He seemed nervous and 

464
00:24:20,500 --> 00:24:23,800
tongue-tied. 
Now, she understands why he has 

465
00:24:23,800 --> 00:24:26,200
been trying to work up the 
courage to express his feelings.

466
00:24:26,200 --> 00:24:29,500
He has chosen flowers to speak 
for him because speaking himself

467
00:24:29,500 --> 00:24:34,600
is too difficult, she likes him.
Well, enough, he seems kind, he 

468
00:24:34,600 --> 00:24:37,100
comes from a respectable family 
with modest means. 

469
00:24:37,100 --> 00:24:40,100
Her father has mentioned that 
Thomas would be an acceptable 

470
00:24:40,100 --> 00:24:42,800
match of Elizabeth were 
interested but she is not 

471
00:24:42,800 --> 00:24:43,900
certain. 
She loves him. 

472
00:24:44,700 --> 00:24:46,100
The flowers give her time to 
think. 

473
00:24:47,100 --> 00:24:48,500
She does not need to answer 
immediately. 

474
00:24:49,400 --> 00:24:52,700
She can consider his proposal 
carefully, she can consult her 

475
00:24:52,700 --> 00:24:55,100
feelings. 
She can decide whether Thomas is

476
00:24:55,100 --> 00:24:57,000
bashful. 
Devotion is enough to build a 

477
00:24:57,000 --> 00:25:00,700
marriage upon She begins 
selecting her own flowers for a 

478
00:25:00,700 --> 00:25:02,900
reply. 
This will take considerable 

479
00:25:02,900 --> 00:25:06,900
thought she wants to be kind, 
but also honest, she will craft 

480
00:25:06,900 --> 00:25:09,700
a message that acknowledges his 
feelings while buying herself 

481
00:25:09,700 --> 00:25:13,300
time to decide. 
The language of flowers by 

482
00:25:13,300 --> 00:25:16,300
patient like Bloomers allows for
nuanced responses. 

483
00:25:16,300 --> 00:25:19,800
It lets Elizabeth say, not yet 
without saying no forever. 

484
00:25:19,800 --> 00:25:23,900
It gives her tools for gentle 
Communication in a situation 

485
00:25:23,900 --> 00:25:25,300
that could easily become more 
Awkward. 

486
00:25:25,300 --> 00:25:28,300
You move forward now to 1800 and
1337. 

487
00:25:29,100 --> 00:25:31,800
Queen Victoria has just ascended
to the British throne. 

488
00:25:31,800 --> 00:25:35,600
She's 18 years old. 
She loves flowers and she will 

489
00:25:35,600 --> 00:25:38,100
help transform choreography into
a cultural phenomenon. 

490
00:25:38,900 --> 00:25:42,000
Victoria's reign, coincides with
massive social changes. 

491
00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:46,200
The Industrial Revolution is 
reshaping England, cities, grow 

492
00:25:46,200 --> 00:25:49,700
larger and dirtier factories, 
multiply life becomes, more 

493
00:25:49,700 --> 00:25:52,700
regimented, and less personal 
people live closer together. 

494
00:25:52,700 --> 00:25:56,800
But often feel more isolated 
into the world of smoke and 

495
00:25:56,800 --> 00:25:59,200
steel and strangers. 
Flowers offer something 

496
00:25:59,200 --> 00:26:01,700
precious. 
They provide Beauty, they 

497
00:26:01,700 --> 00:26:05,200
connect people to Nature, they 
allow for personal expression in

498
00:26:05,200 --> 00:26:09,200
an increasingly impersonal age. 
More importantly, they let 

499
00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:12,300
people say things that Victorian
society does not permit them to 

500
00:26:12,300 --> 00:26:15,400
speak aloud. 
Tour in England is obsessed with

501
00:26:15,408 --> 00:26:18,200
propriety rules. 
Govern every social interaction.

502
00:26:18,200 --> 00:26:21,400
Young men and women cannot be 
alone to gather without a 

503
00:26:21,400 --> 00:26:23,800
chaperone. 
A woman cannot accept a gift 

504
00:26:23,800 --> 00:26:25,600
from a man unless they are 
engaged. 

505
00:26:25,600 --> 00:26:28,800
Even conversation. 
Topics are carefully regulated. 

506
00:26:28,800 --> 00:26:32,000
Certain subjects are simply 
never discussed in polite 

507
00:26:32,000 --> 00:26:34,700
company, but flowers can discuss
in a thing. 

508
00:26:34,708 --> 00:26:38,700
You watch a young man in 1800 
and 40, send a bouquet to a 

509
00:26:38,700 --> 00:26:40,800
woman. 
He admires he includes pink 

510
00:26:40,800 --> 00:26:43,600
Camellias, these flowers mean 
longing for you. 

511
00:26:43,600 --> 00:26:46,100
He adds white jasmine for Amy 
ability. 

512
00:26:47,100 --> 00:26:50,300
Toxins several stems of sweet 
pea for delicate Pleasures, 

513
00:26:50,300 --> 00:26:53,500
arranges everything carefully 
and has it delivered to her 

514
00:26:53,500 --> 00:26:55,700
home. 
She receives the bouquet in her 

515
00:26:55,708 --> 00:26:59,300
parlor, her mother sits nearby 
doing needlework, the mother 

516
00:26:59,300 --> 00:27:02,900
sees only pretty flowers. 
The daughter reads an entire 

517
00:27:02,900 --> 00:27:05,000
love letter. 
This is the genius of 

518
00:27:05,000 --> 00:27:06,900
floriography in the Victorian 
era. 

519
00:27:06,900 --> 00:27:10,600
It operates in plain sight 
parents and chaperones see 

520
00:27:10,600 --> 00:27:14,100
innocent, bouquets young lovers 
see, passionate declarations, 

521
00:27:14,100 --> 00:27:16,900
the same Arrangement can have 
two completely different 

522
00:27:16,900 --> 00:27:19,600
audiences. 
The practice explodes in 

523
00:27:19,600 --> 00:27:21,900
popularity during the 1840s and 
50s. 

524
00:27:22,800 --> 00:27:26,100
Flower dictionaries, multiply 
Publishers print dozens of 

525
00:27:26,100 --> 00:27:28,900
different versions. 
Some are tiny books that fit in 

526
00:27:28,900 --> 00:27:31,400
a reticule. 
Others are elaborate volumes 

527
00:27:31,400 --> 00:27:34,600
with hand-colored illustration. 
The most famous dictionary 

528
00:27:34,600 --> 00:27:38,400
appears in 1854. 
A French author named Charlotte 

529
00:27:38,400 --> 00:27:40,800
dilator Publishers, the longest 
de fleur. 

530
00:27:41,500 --> 00:27:43,800
The book becomes wildly popular 
across Europe. 

531
00:27:43,800 --> 00:27:47,900
English translations appear 
within a year American editions.

532
00:27:47,900 --> 00:27:50,700
Follow soon. 
After de Leto's dictionary is 

533
00:27:50,700 --> 00:27:52,900
more than a simple list of 
flowers and meanings. 

534
00:27:52,900 --> 00:27:56,700
She includes historical context.
She explains cultural 

535
00:27:56,700 --> 00:28:00,300
variations, she tells stories 
about how specific flowers 

536
00:28:00,300 --> 00:28:01,900
acquired their symbolic 
meanings. 

537
00:28:01,900 --> 00:28:05,800
She turns flower language into a
complete cultural education. 

538
00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:09,900
You open a copy of her book the 
entry for red roses fills, half 

539
00:28:09,900 --> 00:28:12,600
a page. 
She traces the symbolism back to

540
00:28:12,600 --> 00:28:16,000
ancient Rome, she quotes 
Persian, poetry about roses and 

541
00:28:16,000 --> 00:28:17,800
love. 
She explains why read 

542
00:28:17,800 --> 00:28:21,600
specifically indicates passion 
while pink suggest admiration. 

543
00:28:22,500 --> 00:28:25,600
She includes a small poem about 
roses, written specifically for 

544
00:28:25,600 --> 00:28:28,400
her dictionary, other authors, 
follow her lead. 

545
00:28:29,200 --> 00:28:31,200
Flower dictionaries become 
literary Works. 

546
00:28:31,200 --> 00:28:35,100
They include poetry historical 
essays and romantic 

547
00:28:35,100 --> 00:28:37,800
illustrations. 
Young women collect them the way

548
00:28:37,800 --> 00:28:39,600
modern people collect self-help 
books. 

549
00:28:39,600 --> 00:28:42,100
They compare entries and debate 
meaningless. 

550
00:28:42,100 --> 00:28:44,400
They create their own 
personalized dictionaries with 

551
00:28:44,400 --> 00:28:48,000
notes and annotations the 
standardization of meanings 

552
00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:51,000
begins during this period 
earlier flower, dictionaries. 

553
00:28:51,000 --> 00:28:55,100
Often contradicted, each other. 
But by the 1850s certain 

554
00:28:55,100 --> 00:28:59,300
associations become Universal. 
roses always mean love though 

555
00:28:59,300 --> 00:29:02,600
the color specifies the type 
Forget-me-nots always mean, 

556
00:29:02,600 --> 00:29:05,500
remembrance. 
Pansies always mean thoughts. 

557
00:29:06,300 --> 00:29:08,800
This standardization makes the 
language more practical. 

558
00:29:08,800 --> 00:29:12,200
A man in London can send flowers
to a woman in Edinburgh. 

559
00:29:12,200 --> 00:29:15,400
Knowing she'll understand his 
message, a woman in Paris can 

560
00:29:15,400 --> 00:29:18,100
reply to a suture in Vienna 
using the same symbolic 

561
00:29:18,100 --> 00:29:20,900
vocabulary. 
Floriography becomes a shared 

562
00:29:20,900 --> 00:29:23,800
European language. 
You watch a middle class family 

563
00:29:23,800 --> 00:29:26,700
in 1800 and 1558 Gather in their
parlor after dinner. 

564
00:29:27,500 --> 00:29:29,500
The mother quizzes. 
Her three daughters on flower 

565
00:29:29,500 --> 00:29:32,300
meanings the youngest girl 
correctly, identifies the 

566
00:29:32,308 --> 00:29:35,900
cyclamen means resignation and 
dividends the middle daughter. 

567
00:29:35,900 --> 00:29:39,500
Explains that fox gloves. 
Represent insincerity the oldest

568
00:29:39,500 --> 00:29:42,800
daughter who has a Suitor can 
name the meaning of every common

569
00:29:42,800 --> 00:29:44,500
garden flower without 
hesitation. 

570
00:29:44,500 --> 00:29:48,600
This is how Victorian women 
spend their evening's learning a

571
00:29:48,600 --> 00:29:51,100
language that might, someday 
allow them to conduct a romance 

572
00:29:51,100 --> 00:29:52,700
under the watchful eyes of their
families. 

573
00:29:52,700 --> 00:29:57,800
You stand now in a London, 
flower shop in 1862 the shops 

574
00:29:57,800 --> 00:30:03,000
smells of roses lavender and 
wetter, Around you shelves. 

575
00:30:03,000 --> 00:30:06,200
Hold bosses of every common 
flower behind the counter. 

576
00:30:06,200 --> 00:30:09,400
A florist named Mr. Thompson. 
Arranges a bouquet with the 

577
00:30:09,400 --> 00:30:13,100
concentration of a poet. 
Choosing words, Mr. Thompson is 

578
00:30:13,100 --> 00:30:14,700
not simply putting flowers 
together. 

579
00:30:14,700 --> 00:30:18,400
He is writing a message, the art
of bouquet composition in the 

580
00:30:18,400 --> 00:30:20,600
Victorian era, follows specific 
rules. 

581
00:30:21,300 --> 00:30:24,700
Like any language floriography 
has grammar and structure, you 

582
00:30:24,700 --> 00:30:27,700
cannot simply throw meaningful 
flowers together and expect 

583
00:30:27,700 --> 00:30:31,200
coherent communication, the 
arrangement matters as much as 

584
00:30:31,200 --> 00:30:33,900
the content. 
Mr. Thompson starts with the 

585
00:30:33,900 --> 00:30:37,400
central message his customer 
wants to express deep romantic 

586
00:30:37,400 --> 00:30:39,800
love. 
So he places a red rose at the 

587
00:30:39,800 --> 00:30:42,900
heart of the arrangement. 
This is the main Clause of his 

588
00:30:42,900 --> 00:30:45,300
sentence. 
Everything else will modify or 

589
00:30:45,300 --> 00:30:46,900
support this Central 
declaration. 

590
00:30:47,900 --> 00:30:50,800
Around the rose, he adds flowers
that elaborate on the theme 

591
00:30:50,800 --> 00:30:54,400
white jasmine for Amy ability. 
Suggests the love is based on 

592
00:30:54,400 --> 00:30:58,700
genuine liking not just passion 
red tulips for Declaration of 

593
00:30:58,700 --> 00:31:01,900
Love, reinforce the message 
honeysuckle for devoted 

594
00:31:01,900 --> 00:31:05,800
affection promises constantly. 
But Mr. Thompson also needs to 

595
00:31:05,800 --> 00:31:09,000
acknowledge obstacles. 
The customer has mentioned that 

596
00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:10,800
the woman's father disapproves 
of the match. 

597
00:31:10,800 --> 00:31:14,000
So he includes a sprig of Bolson
for impatience. 

598
00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:17,200
He adds a small cluster of 
yellow tulips for hopeless, 

599
00:31:17,200 --> 00:31:20,700
love. these flowers admit the 
difficulty while maintaining the

600
00:31:20,700 --> 00:31:23,900
overall message of devotion, the
positioning of each flower 

601
00:31:23,900 --> 00:31:26,900
carries meaning the most 
important flowers go in the 

602
00:31:26,900 --> 00:31:29,800
center, or top of the 
arrangement Supporting flowers 

603
00:31:29,800 --> 00:31:33,000
cluster around the edges 
flowers, that modify or qualify 

604
00:31:33,000 --> 00:31:34,700
the message appear lower in the 
bouquet. 

605
00:31:35,400 --> 00:31:38,500
Mr. Thompson ties, the whole 
arrangement with a specific type

606
00:31:38,500 --> 00:31:41,600
of ribbon. 
Color matters, Red Ribbon, 

607
00:31:41,600 --> 00:31:45,400
intensifies, romantic meanings, 
white ribbons, suggest, Purity 

608
00:31:45,400 --> 00:31:49,100
green ribbon indicates. 
Hope he chooses read because his

609
00:31:49,100 --> 00:31:51,700
customer wants no ambiguity 
about his intentions. 

610
00:31:51,700 --> 00:31:55,100
He wraps the bouquet in paper 
and hands it to the young man. 

611
00:31:55,100 --> 00:31:58,900
He is created a complex. 
Message in flowers, the bouquet 

612
00:31:58,900 --> 00:32:00,700
says, I love you deeply and 
devotedly. 

613
00:32:00,700 --> 00:32:03,500
I know your father objects. 
I'm impatient. 

614
00:32:03,500 --> 00:32:06,100
But will wait for you. 
I think of you constantly. 

615
00:32:06,100 --> 00:32:12,300
Will you marry me? 
20 flowers. 30 words, one 

616
00:32:12,300 --> 00:32:15,200
unmistakable message. 
You watch similar scenes play 

617
00:32:15,200 --> 00:32:18,700
out across Victoria in England. 
Florists become skilled 

618
00:32:18,700 --> 00:32:21,900
translate as customers come in 
with emotions, they need to 

619
00:32:21,900 --> 00:32:25,300
express the florists. 
Turned feelings into flowers, 

620
00:32:25,300 --> 00:32:28,900
they Master the subtle art of 
floral communication, some 

621
00:32:28,900 --> 00:32:30,600
florists, become famous for 
their skill. 

622
00:32:31,700 --> 00:32:34,400
Shop in Covent Garden gains a 
reputation for particularly 

623
00:32:34,400 --> 00:32:38,400
eloquent, sympathy Arrangements,
a florist in bath, becomes known

624
00:32:38,400 --> 00:32:41,200
for creating the most romantic 
proposals in bouquet form. 

625
00:32:42,000 --> 00:32:45,100
People travel across the city to
commission arrangements, from 

626
00:32:45,100 --> 00:32:46,900
the most talented flower 
composers. 

627
00:32:46,900 --> 00:32:50,500
The complexity of the language 
increases experienced 

628
00:32:50,500 --> 00:32:52,800
practitioners develop shortcuts 
and conventions. 

629
00:32:52,800 --> 00:32:56,300
The placement of a single Fern 
can change an entire bouquets 

630
00:32:56,300 --> 00:32:59,900
meaning from optimistic to 
Melancholy the angle at which 

631
00:32:59,900 --> 00:33:03,400
flowers are presented modifies, 
their message, a bouquet held. 

632
00:33:03,400 --> 00:33:07,200
Upright means one thing, the 
same bouquet turned upside down 

633
00:33:07,200 --> 00:33:10,300
means the opposite. 
Some rules seem almost comically

634
00:33:10,300 --> 00:33:13,300
specific present flowers with 
your right hand. 

635
00:33:13,300 --> 00:33:16,400
And the meaning is a stated in 
the dictionaries present with 

636
00:33:16,400 --> 00:33:18,100
your left hand, and you negate 
everything. 

637
00:33:18,100 --> 00:33:22,400
Remove the Thorns from roses and
you suggest hope leave them on 

638
00:33:22,400 --> 00:33:24,800
and you acknowledge danger or 
difficulty. 

639
00:33:26,100 --> 00:33:29,000
The number of flowers in a 
bouquet can specify degree or 

640
00:33:29,000 --> 00:33:31,800
intensity. 
One rose means Simplicity and 

641
00:33:31,800 --> 00:33:35,400
devotion, 12 roses suggest a 
more elaborate or formal 

642
00:33:35,400 --> 00:33:38,700
declaration, different numbers 
can even reference specific 

643
00:33:38,700 --> 00:33:42,200
dates or times. 
Five flowers might suggest a 

644
00:33:42,200 --> 00:33:45,800
meeting at 5:00 8 flowers, could
indicate the 8th day of the 

645
00:33:45,800 --> 00:33:47,900
month. 
You observe a young woman 

646
00:33:47,900 --> 00:33:50,700
creating her own bouquet in 1800
and 1605. 

647
00:33:51,600 --> 00:33:54,000
She works in her family's Garden
early in the morning. 

648
00:33:54,000 --> 00:33:57,500
She needs to reply to a proposal
she received yesterday, she 

649
00:33:57,500 --> 00:34:00,600
wants to say yes, but she also 
needs to express concern about 

650
00:34:00,600 --> 00:34:04,100
her family's expectations. 
She starts with Myrtle for 

651
00:34:04,100 --> 00:34:06,900
marriage. 
She adds white roses for pure 

652
00:34:06,900 --> 00:34:09,699
love and virtue. 
She includes sweet peas for 

653
00:34:09,699 --> 00:34:12,300
departure because she 
understands marriage will mean 

654
00:34:12,300 --> 00:34:15,400
leaving her family home. 
She tucks in a few stems of blue

655
00:34:15,400 --> 00:34:19,300
violets for faithfulness But she
also adds yellow chrysanthemums 

656
00:34:19,300 --> 00:34:21,699
for slighted. 
Love her intended has a 

657
00:34:21,699 --> 00:34:23,100
reputation for being 
inattentive. 

658
00:34:23,100 --> 00:34:26,100
She wants him to know she's 
aware of this and expects 

659
00:34:26,100 --> 00:34:28,600
better. 
She positions these flowers near

660
00:34:28,600 --> 00:34:31,800
the base of the arrangement the 
message is present but not 

661
00:34:31,800 --> 00:34:34,300
dominant. 
You finishes by wrapping 

662
00:34:34,300 --> 00:34:37,800
everything in white ribbon and 
adding a small card on the card,

663
00:34:37,800 --> 00:34:40,699
she writes only her initials in 
flower language. 

664
00:34:40,699 --> 00:34:43,400
Even the written component stays
minimal. 

665
00:34:44,199 --> 00:34:45,400
Flowers. 
Do the talking. 

666
00:34:45,400 --> 00:34:48,800
This bouquet will reach her 
intended by late morning, he 

667
00:34:48,800 --> 00:34:51,600
will study at carefully. 
He will decode her acceptance 

668
00:34:51,600 --> 00:34:54,000
and her warning. 
He will know that she loves him,

669
00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:56,100
but expects him to change 
certain behaviors. 

670
00:34:56,100 --> 00:35:00,300
He will understand that she is 
not naive about his flaws, and 

671
00:35:00,300 --> 00:35:03,800
if he is wise, he will send his 
own carefully, composed, reply, 

672
00:35:03,800 --> 00:35:06,900
acknowledging her concerned and 
promising Improvement. 

673
00:35:07,700 --> 00:35:10,100
You move now through different 
moments in Victorian Life. 

674
00:35:10,100 --> 00:35:12,900
Flowers, a company every 
significant event. 

675
00:35:12,900 --> 00:35:17,100
They Mark transitions, celebrate
achievements, offer comfort and 

676
00:35:17,100 --> 00:35:20,600
convey warnings floriography 
becomes the emotional 

677
00:35:20,600 --> 00:35:24,600
infrastructure of the era. 
Births receive specific flower 

678
00:35:24,600 --> 00:35:27,300
arrangements. 
New mothers are sent white roses

679
00:35:27,300 --> 00:35:31,200
for New Beginnings, pink roses 
celebrate baby girls, blue 

680
00:35:31,200 --> 00:35:34,800
delphinium, announces boys, But 
the language goes deeper 

681
00:35:34,800 --> 00:35:37,100
flowers. 
Also, convey hopes for the 

682
00:35:37,100 --> 00:35:40,200
child's future. 
Daisies for innocence, oak 

683
00:35:40,200 --> 00:35:43,000
leaves for strength. 
Honeysuckle for bonds of love, 

684
00:35:43,000 --> 00:35:46,500
you watch a grandmother in, 1800
and 68 Creator. 

685
00:35:46,500 --> 00:35:48,300
Welcome bouquet for her first 
grandchild. 

686
00:35:48,300 --> 00:35:52,100
She includes snowdrops for hope 
she adds lily of the valley for 

687
00:35:52,100 --> 00:35:55,700
return of happiness. tucks in 
forget-me-nots because she wants

688
00:35:55,700 --> 00:35:59,000
this child to remember her 
always She creates a message 

689
00:35:59,000 --> 00:36:02,700
that spans decades a Botanical 
letter to someone who cannot 

690
00:36:02,700 --> 00:36:04,900
yet. 
Understand words, weddings 

691
00:36:04,900 --> 00:36:08,500
become theatrical displays of 
flower language, every Bloom 

692
00:36:08,500 --> 00:36:11,100
carries meaning. 
The church's decorated with 

693
00:36:11,100 --> 00:36:12,800
flowers, chosen for their 
symbolism. 

694
00:36:12,800 --> 00:36:16,600
Not just their beauty, the 
bride's bouquet tells a story. 

695
00:36:16,600 --> 00:36:20,600
The groom's boutonniere responds
to that story, even the flowers 

696
00:36:20,600 --> 00:36:24,100
worn by family members, convey 
specific messages, orange 

697
00:36:24,100 --> 00:36:25,900
blossoms for eternal love and 
marriage. 

698
00:36:25,900 --> 00:36:29,300
These white flowers from citrus 
trees of matrimony, for 

699
00:36:29,300 --> 00:36:33,200
centuries, their centers, 
intoxicating, and unmistakable. 

700
00:36:33,200 --> 00:36:36,300
There are association with 
marriage is so strong that 

701
00:36:36,300 --> 00:36:38,900
Brides In the Victorian era, 
often wear orange blossom, 

702
00:36:38,900 --> 00:36:41,900
crowns or carry entire branches 
of orange blossoms. 

703
00:36:41,900 --> 00:36:45,400
Even when other flowers make up,
most of their bouquets Myrtle 

704
00:36:45,400 --> 00:36:47,000
for constantly and marriage 
itself. 

705
00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:50,600
This Evergreen plant represents 
for Deli and Lasting commitment.

706
00:36:51,500 --> 00:36:55,000
Queen Victoria includes Myrtle 
in her wedding, bouquet in, 1800

707
00:36:55,000 --> 00:36:57,400
and 1440. 
She starts a tradition that 

708
00:36:57,400 --> 00:37:01,400
continues for Generations, Royal
Brides after her include Myrtle,

709
00:37:01,400 --> 00:37:03,800
as a nod to Victoria's 
influence, on wedding Customs. 

710
00:37:03,800 --> 00:37:08,100
Roses, for love with the color 
specifying, the exact type and 

711
00:37:08,100 --> 00:37:11,100
intensity red. 
Roses mean, passionate, romantic

712
00:37:11,100 --> 00:37:14,600
love, white rose is indicate 
pure and virtuous love. 

713
00:37:14,600 --> 00:37:18,200
Pink roses suggest gentle 
affection mixed with admiration.

714
00:37:19,100 --> 00:37:22,000
A bride might mix rose colors to
indicate that her feelings 

715
00:37:22,000 --> 00:37:25,300
combined passion with deep 
respect and friendship. 

716
00:37:26,300 --> 00:37:28,500
IV for Fidelity and eternal 
life. 

717
00:37:29,300 --> 00:37:32,900
This climbing plants to 
everything it touches it never 

718
00:37:32,900 --> 00:37:36,400
voluntarily, lets go it, stays 
green through the hardest 

719
00:37:36,400 --> 00:37:39,600
Winters, it represents the 
marriage vow to remain faithful 

720
00:37:39,600 --> 00:37:43,600
through all circumstances for as
long as both Partners shall 

721
00:37:43,600 --> 00:37:45,700
live. 
Rosemary for remembrance and 

722
00:37:45,700 --> 00:37:48,300
loyalty brides carry Rosemary to
indicate. 

723
00:37:48,300 --> 00:37:51,000
They will remember this day 
always, they will remember their

724
00:37:51,000 --> 00:37:53,800
vows, they will remember why 
they chose this person. 

725
00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:56,400
The herbs Sharps scent makes it 
memorable. 

726
00:37:56,400 --> 00:38:00,100
Its association with memory, 
makes it essential for wedding 

727
00:38:00,100 --> 00:38:02,500
flowers. 
The bride's bouquet tells a 

728
00:38:02,500 --> 00:38:06,200
complete story, it expresses her
feelings about the marriage, it 

729
00:38:06,200 --> 00:38:09,300
acknowledges, the solemnity of 
the occasion, it makes promises 

730
00:38:09,300 --> 00:38:12,100
about her future Behavior. 
As a wife, he can even 

731
00:38:12,100 --> 00:38:14,800
acknowledge concerns or 
difficulties while maintaining 

732
00:38:14,800 --> 00:38:16,200
an overall message of 
commitment. 

733
00:38:16,200 --> 00:38:19,800
Victorian bride's spend weeks 
selecting flowers for their 

734
00:38:19,800 --> 00:38:21,800
wedding. 
Bouquets each choice is 

735
00:38:21,800 --> 00:38:25,200
deliberate and meaningful. 
A bride might consult multiple 

736
00:38:25,200 --> 00:38:28,200
flower dictionaries to ensure. 
She understands all possible 

737
00:38:28,200 --> 00:38:31,300
interpretations, She might 
discuss options with her mother 

738
00:38:31,300 --> 00:38:35,000
sisters and close friends. 
She might make sketches of 

739
00:38:35,000 --> 00:38:37,800
different arrangements before 
settling on the final selection,

740
00:38:37,800 --> 00:38:41,800
the bouquet becomes a statement 
of character and intention a 

741
00:38:41,800 --> 00:38:43,500
bride who includes marigolds for
grief. 

742
00:38:43,500 --> 00:38:45,700
Might be acknowledging, the 
sorrow of leaving her birth 

743
00:38:45,700 --> 00:38:49,200
family, she loves her future 
husband but she will miss her 

744
00:38:49,200 --> 00:38:51,600
childhood home. 
The marigolds give her 

745
00:38:51,600 --> 00:38:53,600
permission to feel both Joy and 
sadness. 

746
00:38:53,600 --> 00:38:57,600
Simultaneously, a bride who adds
chrysanthemums for cheerfulness 

747
00:38:57,600 --> 00:39:00,300
under adversity, suggest she 
understands marriage will have 

748
00:39:00,300 --> 00:39:02,100
challenges but remains 
optimistic. 

749
00:39:02,900 --> 00:39:05,400
She is not entering marriage 
with naive expectations. 

750
00:39:05,400 --> 00:39:09,100
She knows difficulties will 
come, but she believes love and 

751
00:39:09,100 --> 00:39:10,400
commitment will see them 
through. 

752
00:39:11,300 --> 00:39:13,800
But fluorography is not all 
romance and celebration. 

753
00:39:13,800 --> 00:39:18,000
It also serves darker purposes. 
If funeral flowers, become their

754
00:39:18,000 --> 00:39:21,400
own sophisticated languages, 
different flowers, indicate 

755
00:39:21,400 --> 00:39:23,800
different types of grief or 
different messages to the 

756
00:39:23,800 --> 00:39:26,400
deceased. 
The Victorian era has an 

757
00:39:26,400 --> 00:39:30,500
elaborate morning culture. 
Death is ever present child 

758
00:39:30,500 --> 00:39:34,900
mortality remains, High disease.
Can kill quickly, people need 

759
00:39:34,900 --> 00:39:38,400
ways to express complex grief, 
you attend a Victorian funeral 

760
00:39:38,400 --> 00:39:44,200
in 1800 and 1771 the day is gray
and cold rain threatens but has 

761
00:39:44,200 --> 00:39:48,000
not yet Fallen. 
Church smells overwhelmingly of 

762
00:39:48,000 --> 00:39:51,600
roses lilies and the particular 
scent of Earth that accompanies 

763
00:39:51,600 --> 00:39:55,100
death, the coffin is covered 
with flowers, each arrangement. 

764
00:39:55,100 --> 00:39:57,400
Tells you something about the 
deceased or the mourners 

765
00:39:57,400 --> 00:40:00,300
relationship to them white 
lilies dominate, the display 

766
00:40:00,300 --> 00:40:03,500
representing the restored 
innocence of the soul, the 

767
00:40:03,500 --> 00:40:06,900
victorians believed that death 
purifies the spirit, whatever 

768
00:40:06,900 --> 00:40:10,200
sins or failings the person had 
in life, death has washed them 

769
00:40:10,200 --> 00:40:13,400
away, the soul. 
Stands pure before, God wants 

770
00:40:13,400 --> 00:40:17,200
more white lilies, make this 
belief visible, but look closer 

771
00:40:17,200 --> 00:40:19,700
and you see variations and 
specificities. 

772
00:40:20,600 --> 00:40:23,400
Red roses from a grieving spouse
indicator to love that survives 

773
00:40:23,400 --> 00:40:25,900
death. 
The Widow is sent three dozen 

774
00:40:25,900 --> 00:40:27,800
red roses. 
Their placement near the 

775
00:40:27,800 --> 00:40:30,900
deceased hands suggests, she's 
giving him one last gift of love

776
00:40:30,900 --> 00:40:34,100
before he is buried forever. 
The Roses say, my feelings have 

777
00:40:34,100 --> 00:40:36,600
not changed. 
I loved you in life and I love. 

778
00:40:36,600 --> 00:40:39,500
You still in death. 
I will carry this love until my 

779
00:40:39,500 --> 00:40:41,800
own death. 
Comes Forget Me Nots from 

780
00:40:41,800 --> 00:40:44,800
Friends. 
Promise Eternal, remembrance a 

781
00:40:44,800 --> 00:40:47,400
large cluster of these tiny 
blue, flowers, rests near the 

782
00:40:47,400 --> 00:40:50,000
deceased heart. 
The arrangement says, we will 

783
00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:54,200
not forget you, your life 
mattered to us your friendship, 

784
00:40:54,200 --> 00:40:57,000
enriched our days. 
We will carry your memory 

785
00:40:57,000 --> 00:40:58,600
forward through our remaining 
years. 

786
00:40:58,600 --> 00:41:01,600
When we are old, we will still 
remember you young. 

787
00:41:02,500 --> 00:41:05,900
Willow branches suggest morning 
and forsaken love these. 

788
00:41:05,900 --> 00:41:08,300
Great green branches. 
Droop naturally downward. 

789
00:41:08,300 --> 00:41:11,500
They represent grief that bends 
you down under its weight. 

790
00:41:11,500 --> 00:41:14,800
They acknowledge that loss is 
heavy and sometimes feels 

791
00:41:14,800 --> 00:41:17,500
unbearable. 
Her daughter has placed Willow 

792
00:41:17,500 --> 00:41:19,700
near her father because her 
sorrow feels too crushing to 

793
00:41:19,700 --> 00:41:23,600
stand upright under Cyprus 
represents grief itself in its 

794
00:41:23,600 --> 00:41:26,900
purest form. 
This dark evergreen tree has 

795
00:41:26,900 --> 00:41:29,600
meant mourning since ancient 
Greek and Roman times 

796
00:41:29,600 --> 00:41:32,300
victorians. 
Use Cypress branches in funeral 

797
00:41:32,300 --> 00:41:35,000
arrangements to acknowledge the 
reality of death and the 

798
00:41:35,000 --> 00:41:38,400
legitimacy of grief. 
The site press says it is right 

799
00:41:38,400 --> 00:41:41,400
to mourn this lost deserves 
tears. 

800
00:41:41,400 --> 00:41:43,600
Do not apologize for your 
sadness. 

801
00:41:43,600 --> 00:41:47,000
The language allows people to 
express the specific quality and

802
00:41:47,008 --> 00:41:50,300
texture of their loss. 
A daughter placed his pansies on

803
00:41:50,300 --> 00:41:53,400
her father's grave because 
pansies mean thoughts and she 

804
00:41:53,400 --> 00:41:56,900
wants him to know she thinks of 
him constantly, even though he 

805
00:41:56,900 --> 00:41:59,000
has gone from the world, he 
occupies her mind. 

806
00:41:59,000 --> 00:42:02,300
She remembers his voice, his 
laugh, his advice. 

807
00:42:02,300 --> 00:42:06,400
He has not been forgotten, he 
will never be forgotten as long 

808
00:42:06,400 --> 00:42:08,900
as she lives. 
A brother adds Rosemary for 

809
00:42:08,900 --> 00:42:12,800
remembrance Promises himself and
his dead brother that he will 

810
00:42:12,800 --> 00:42:15,700
remember their childhood 
together, he will remember their

811
00:42:15,700 --> 00:42:19,000
games, their conversations, 
their arguments their shared 

812
00:42:19,000 --> 00:42:22,700
Secrets, he will keep his 
brother alive in memory even 

813
00:42:22,700 --> 00:42:26,800
though the body is cold, and 
still a widow includes amaranth 

814
00:42:26,800 --> 00:42:31,100
for immortality this flower, 
never Fades even when dried it 

815
00:42:31,100 --> 00:42:33,400
represents her belief in an 
afterlife reunion? 

816
00:42:33,400 --> 00:42:35,300
She's not saying goodbye 
forever. 

817
00:42:35,300 --> 00:42:39,300
She's saying goodbye for now. 
The amaranth promises, they will

818
00:42:39,300 --> 00:42:42,200
meet again beyond the grave. 
Death has parted them 

819
00:42:42,200 --> 00:42:44,600
temporarily but eternity will 
reunite them. 

820
00:42:45,400 --> 00:42:48,900
And elderly parent places white 
carnations on an adult child's 

821
00:42:48,900 --> 00:42:52,600
grave, white carnations mean, 
pure love and Innocents. 

822
00:42:52,600 --> 00:42:56,300
The parent is saying you are my 
child in life and you remain my 

823
00:42:56,300 --> 00:42:59,400
child and death. 
My love for you was pure and 

824
00:42:59,400 --> 00:43:03,400
unconditional it remains. 
So even now nothing can change 

825
00:43:03,400 --> 00:43:06,400
what you meant to me. 
Even social warnings use flower 

826
00:43:06,400 --> 00:43:08,500
language. 
These are perhaps the rarest, 

827
00:43:08,500 --> 00:43:11,100
but most devastating 
applications of floriography. 

828
00:43:11,100 --> 00:43:14,200
Victorian society values, 
subtlety above nearly. 

829
00:43:14,200 --> 00:43:17,000
Everything else. 
Raised voices are unseemly. 

830
00:43:17,000 --> 00:43:20,900
Public arguments called Scandal 
direct confrontation marks. 

831
00:43:20,900 --> 00:43:24,600
He was vulgar Anil bread, But 
sometimes people need to deliver

832
00:43:24,600 --> 00:43:27,200
difficult messages. 
Flowers allow this without 

833
00:43:27,200 --> 00:43:30,200
destroying reputations. 
A woman who receives yellow 

834
00:43:30,200 --> 00:43:32,600
carnations knows immediately. 
That someone is expressing 

835
00:43:32,600 --> 00:43:35,400
disappointment in her. 
The yellow color means you have 

836
00:43:35,400 --> 00:43:38,500
disappointed me. 
The Carnation specify that the 

837
00:43:38,500 --> 00:43:41,600
disappointment is significant 
and not a minor matter. 

838
00:43:41,600 --> 00:43:44,400
This is not about a missed 
appointment or a forgotten 

839
00:43:44,400 --> 00:43:46,000
favor. 
This is serious. 

840
00:43:46,000 --> 00:43:48,200
Moral disapproval of choices or 
behavior. 

841
00:43:48,200 --> 00:43:52,400
Purple hyacinth means sorrow 
combined with please forgive me.

842
00:43:53,500 --> 00:43:56,700
A person who has caused a fence,
might send purple, highest to 

843
00:43:56,700 --> 00:43:58,600
acknowledge their era and 
request forgiveness. 

844
00:43:59,900 --> 00:44:03,000
The flower combines genuine 
apology with deep regret. 

845
00:44:03,800 --> 00:44:05,500
It says I'm sorry for what I 
did. 

846
00:44:05,500 --> 00:44:09,800
I understand I hurt you badly. 
I wish I could undo my actions. 

847
00:44:09,800 --> 00:44:13,200
Please, consider forgiving me, 
even though I do not deserve it.

848
00:44:13,200 --> 00:44:16,200
A man who receives lavender 
understands that someone 

849
00:44:16,200 --> 00:44:20,100
distrusts him, lavender carries 
multiple meanings depending on 

850
00:44:20,100 --> 00:44:23,800
context and combination in a 
romantic bouquet surrounded by 

851
00:44:23,800 --> 00:44:28,100
roses and Jasmine, it suggests 
devotion, and constancy in a 

852
00:44:28,100 --> 00:44:30,200
warning bouquet combined with 
other suspicious flowers. 

853
00:44:30,200 --> 00:44:34,500
It means distrust and suspicion.
The recipient must examine the 

854
00:44:34,500 --> 00:44:37,700
full Arrangement carefully to 
determine which meaning applies,

855
00:44:37,700 --> 00:44:40,800
orange lily, suggest hatred or 
intense dislike. 

856
00:44:40,800 --> 00:44:43,800
These are harsh flowers to send 
to anyone there. 

857
00:44:43,800 --> 00:44:46,500
Rarely give him because the 
message is so severe and final 

858
00:44:46,500 --> 00:44:49,700
but occasionally, someone feels 
strongly enough to send orange 

859
00:44:49,700 --> 00:44:52,400
Lily's. 
The message is unmistakable and 

860
00:44:52,400 --> 00:44:55,900
cannot be softened. 
I do not like you I perhaps even

861
00:44:55,900 --> 00:44:58,600
hate you. 
This relationship is completely 

862
00:44:58,600 --> 00:45:02,400
finished, do not contact me 
again, these warning, bouquets 

863
00:45:02,400 --> 00:45:04,000
are rare, but remarkably 
effective. 

864
00:45:04,000 --> 00:45:07,100
Their accomplish what direct 
words cannot do with out 

865
00:45:07,100 --> 00:45:09,700
Scandal, they deliver 
devastating messages while 

866
00:45:09,700 --> 00:45:11,100
maintaining the appearance of 
polite. 

867
00:45:11,100 --> 00:45:13,900
So social interaction. 
A woman can send flowers. 

868
00:45:13,900 --> 00:45:16,300
Expressing hatred while 
remaining technically proper. 

869
00:45:16,300 --> 00:45:18,700
No one can accuse her of making 
seen. 

870
00:45:18,700 --> 00:45:22,800
You watch a young woman in 1800 
and 1773 receivers small bouquet

871
00:45:22,800 --> 00:45:25,400
from someone. 
She thought was a friend The 

872
00:45:25,400 --> 00:45:26,900
flowers arrive on a Thursday 
afternoon. 

873
00:45:26,900 --> 00:45:29,700
In March, she accepts them with 
pleasure At first. 

874
00:45:29,700 --> 00:45:33,300
She expects friendship flowers, 
like violets or yellow roses. 

875
00:45:33,300 --> 00:45:35,800
Perhaps her friend is 
celebrating spring or 

876
00:45:35,808 --> 00:45:37,300
acknowledging an upcoming 
birthday. 

877
00:45:38,100 --> 00:45:40,100
She carries the bouquet to her 
private room. 

878
00:45:40,100 --> 00:45:43,200
She sits by the window where 
afternoon light is strongest. 

879
00:45:43,200 --> 00:45:45,100
She begins to examine the 
flowers. 

880
00:45:45,100 --> 00:45:48,900
More closely her initial smile 
Fades, as she identifies each 

881
00:45:48,900 --> 00:45:52,300
Bloom and decodes its meaning 
Yellow carnations for 

882
00:45:52,300 --> 00:45:54,900
disappointment. 
Her friend is disappointed in 

883
00:45:54,900 --> 00:45:57,900
her already. 
The message is concerning but it

884
00:45:57,900 --> 00:46:00,800
continues orange lilies for 
dislike or hatred. 

885
00:46:00,800 --> 00:46:03,000
The Friendship is not merely 
strained. 

886
00:46:03,000 --> 00:46:06,900
It is destroyed. 
Her friend actively dislikes. 

887
00:46:06,900 --> 00:46:10,300
Her now basil, which can mean 
hatred in certain contexts. 

888
00:46:10,300 --> 00:46:13,800
The repetition of this theme 
confirms it her friend is not 

889
00:46:13,800 --> 00:46:16,600
being subtle. 
The hatred is real and intense. 

890
00:46:16,600 --> 00:46:19,300
Lavender for distrust her 
friend. 

891
00:46:19,300 --> 00:46:22,500
No longer trusts her whatever 
confidence they want shared is 

892
00:46:22,500 --> 00:46:25,500
completely broken. 
The arrangement is raped in 

893
00:46:25,500 --> 00:46:28,200
black ribbon, black means 
warning or morning. 

894
00:46:28,200 --> 00:46:31,400
In this case it indicates the 
death of their friendship. 

895
00:46:31,400 --> 00:46:34,100
This is a funeral bouquet for a 
relationship. 

896
00:46:34,100 --> 00:46:37,700
The flowers tell her everything,
her friend has discovered a 

897
00:46:37,700 --> 00:46:40,300
secret, her friend is angry 
beyond repair. 

898
00:46:40,300 --> 00:46:44,100
A friend considers the Betrayal 
serious enough to end years of 

899
00:46:44,100 --> 00:46:47,700
clothes. 
No reconciliation is desired or 

900
00:46:47,700 --> 00:46:50,400
will be accepted the young woman
sits on her bed. 

901
00:46:50,400 --> 00:46:54,000
Holding the flowers. 
She feels physically sick a 

902
00:46:54,000 --> 00:46:57,200
hands shakes slightly. 
She knows exactly what her 

903
00:46:57,200 --> 00:46:59,900
friend has discovered. 
She knows why this bouquet has 

904
00:46:59,908 --> 00:47:02,300
arrived today. 
She has no defense for what she 

905
00:47:02,300 --> 00:47:03,700
did. 
She made a choice. 

906
00:47:03,700 --> 00:47:05,600
She thought it would remain 
secret. 

907
00:47:05,600 --> 00:47:09,100
Her friend found out. 
Anyway, this bouquet represents 

908
00:47:09,100 --> 00:47:12,300
the consequence and the verdict.
She considers writing a letter 

909
00:47:12,300 --> 00:47:14,600
of apology. 
She considers attempting to 

910
00:47:14,608 --> 00:47:17,500
explain her reasoning. 
But she understands that these 

911
00:47:17,500 --> 00:47:19,700
flowers represent a final 
judgment already. 

912
00:47:19,700 --> 00:47:23,900
Rendered her friend has already 
decided The friendship is over 

913
00:47:23,900 --> 00:47:26,200
completely. 
No, appeal is possible. 

914
00:47:26,200 --> 00:47:28,800
She will eventually write that 
apology letter anyway. 

915
00:47:28,800 --> 00:47:32,000
She will attempt some 
explanation but she knows. 

916
00:47:32,000 --> 00:47:34,900
It will change nothing. 
These flowers have spoke with 

917
00:47:34,900 --> 00:47:37,900
finality. 
What is done cannot be undone. 

918
00:47:37,900 --> 00:47:40,200
What is broken? 
Cannot be repaired. 

919
00:47:40,200 --> 00:47:43,800
No shouting occurred. 
No public seen happened. 

920
00:47:43,800 --> 00:47:47,600
No one's reputation was damaged 
by improper Behavior, just 

921
00:47:47,600 --> 00:47:50,700
flowers, that carry the weight 
of betrayal and the message that

922
00:47:50,700 --> 00:47:53,700
some actions destroy 
relationships Beyond any hope of

923
00:47:53,700 --> 00:47:57,200
repair. 
But floriography also offers 

924
00:47:57,200 --> 00:48:01,500
reconciliation, a person who is 
offended, white Rose's for iron 

925
00:48:01,500 --> 00:48:04,900
worthy of you they can include 
Bolson for impatience 

926
00:48:04,900 --> 00:48:06,300
acknowledging. 
They acted. 

927
00:48:06,300 --> 00:48:10,100
Hastily They can add chamomile 
for patients in adversity, 

928
00:48:10,100 --> 00:48:13,500
suggesting they have learned 
from their mistake, the language

929
00:48:13,500 --> 00:48:17,300
provides a framework for social 
negotiation, it allows people to

930
00:48:17,300 --> 00:48:20,900
acknowledge errors offer, 
forgiveness, request, patience 

931
00:48:20,900 --> 00:48:24,300
and rebuild relationships with 
the awkwardness of direct 

932
00:48:24,300 --> 00:48:26,900
conversation. 
Business relationships use 

933
00:48:26,900 --> 00:48:29,900
flowers too. 
A man sends a business partner, 

934
00:48:29,900 --> 00:48:31,800
yellow roses for friendship and 
joy. 

935
00:48:31,800 --> 00:48:34,400
In the partnership. 
He includes oak leaves for 

936
00:48:34,400 --> 00:48:38,400
strength, suggesting confidence 
in their Venture, he adds Holly 

937
00:48:38,400 --> 00:48:41,000
for foresight indicating careful
planning. 

938
00:48:41,800 --> 00:48:44,900
Teachers receive flowers from 
students at terms and the 

939
00:48:44,900 --> 00:48:47,500
flowers chose an indicate. 
The students feeling about the 

940
00:48:47,500 --> 00:48:52,000
education, received red salvia 
for a steam and respect white 

941
00:48:52,000 --> 00:48:55,300
Lily's for Purity. 
In sweetness Zinnia for thoughts

942
00:48:55,300 --> 00:48:58,200
of absent Friends. 
When the term ends, every social

943
00:48:58,200 --> 00:49:01,000
occasion, has its appropriate 
flowers coming of age, 

944
00:49:01,000 --> 00:49:06,900
retirement achievement, travel 
return from travel Each moment 

945
00:49:06,900 --> 00:49:08,600
in life can be marked with 
carefully. 

946
00:49:08,600 --> 00:49:11,800
Chosen blooms that say what 
words cannot or should not 

947
00:49:11,800 --> 00:49:13,900
express. 
Directly, you arrived. 

948
00:49:13,900 --> 00:49:17,100
Now at the peak of Victorian 
flower obsession, the year is 

949
00:49:17,100 --> 00:49:20,600
1876. 
Floriography has gone from 

950
00:49:20,600 --> 00:49:23,700
elegant communication to 
Absolute Mania. 

951
00:49:23,700 --> 00:49:27,500
People are getting ridiculous 
about it a woman in Brighton, 

952
00:49:27,500 --> 00:49:29,800
has just published a flower 
dictionary, that includes over 

953
00:49:29,800 --> 00:49:32,800
800 different plants each with 
its own specific. 

954
00:49:32,800 --> 00:49:35,900
Meaning, she is assigned 
symbolism to flowers that most 

955
00:49:35,900 --> 00:49:39,000
people have never seen and 
cannot even pronounce She 

956
00:49:39,000 --> 00:49:41,900
includes Latin names and 
detailed Botanical descriptions.

957
00:49:41,900 --> 00:49:44,000
She takes herself very 
seriously. 

958
00:49:44,000 --> 00:49:47,600
Her book is 200 pages long. 
It is absurd. 

959
00:49:48,400 --> 00:49:51,300
You watch a young man attempt to
use this dictionary to compose a

960
00:49:51,300 --> 00:49:54,100
simple? 
I miss you bouquet, he spends 

961
00:49:54,100 --> 00:49:56,800
three hours trying to find the 
perfect combination of flowers. 

962
00:49:56,800 --> 00:49:59,400
He crossed references multiple 
entries. 

963
00:49:59,400 --> 00:50:01,300
He sketches various 
Arrangements. 

964
00:50:01,300 --> 00:50:04,800
He becomes so overwhelmed that 
he eventually gives up and just 

965
00:50:04,800 --> 00:50:06,600
buys roses like a sensible 
person. 

966
00:50:06,600 --> 00:50:10,200
The problem is that fluorography
has no governing body, no 

967
00:50:10,200 --> 00:50:12,800
Academy of flower language sets 
official, definitions. 

968
00:50:12,800 --> 00:50:15,700
Anyone can publish a dictionary 
and many people do? 

969
00:50:16,800 --> 00:50:20,500
By the 1870s dozens of competing
flower, dictionaries, circulate 

970
00:50:20,500 --> 00:50:23,300
through England and Europe. 
They disagree with each other 

971
00:50:23,300 --> 00:50:25,700
constantly. 
One dictionary, says yellow 

972
00:50:25,700 --> 00:50:28,700
roses mean friendship. 
Another insists, they indicate 

973
00:50:28,700 --> 00:50:33,100
jealousy. a third claims they 
suggest infidelity Fourth. 

974
00:50:33,100 --> 00:50:35,000
Argues they mean joy and 
gladness. 

975
00:50:36,000 --> 00:50:39,000
A man trying to send a friendly 
bouquet to his sister like 

976
00:50:39,000 --> 00:50:41,600
accidentally tell her he 
suspects her of cheating on her 

977
00:50:41,600 --> 00:50:44,100
husband. 
The inconsistencies create 

978
00:50:44,100 --> 00:50:46,800
genuine problems. 
A woman receives a bouquet 

979
00:50:46,800 --> 00:50:49,500
containing geraniums. 
She consults her flower 

980
00:50:49,500 --> 00:50:53,400
dictionary geraniums mean 
Comfort or consolation she 

981
00:50:53,400 --> 00:50:56,100
assumes the sender know she's 
going through a difficult time 

982
00:50:56,100 --> 00:50:59,100
and wants to support her. 
If you feels touched by the 

983
00:50:59,100 --> 00:51:02,600
gesture later, she discovers 
that in his flower dictionary, 

984
00:51:02,600 --> 00:51:05,000
geraniums means stupidity and 
Folly. 

985
00:51:05,000 --> 00:51:07,200
He is just insulted her 
intelligence. 

986
00:51:07,200 --> 00:51:09,700
She is not touched. 
She is furious. 

987
00:51:10,700 --> 00:51:12,600
Etiquette books, try to address 
the confusion. 

988
00:51:12,600 --> 00:51:15,300
They published standardized 
lists of flower. 

989
00:51:15,300 --> 00:51:18,600
Meaning they played with people 
to use only common flowers with 

990
00:51:18,600 --> 00:51:22,200
universally agreed meanings. 
They suggest that senders 

991
00:51:22,200 --> 00:51:25,600
include notes clarifying, which 
dictionary they are using, but 

992
00:51:25,600 --> 00:51:28,200
this defeats the entire purpose 
of Silent Communication. 

993
00:51:29,000 --> 00:51:31,400
The whole point of flower 
language is that it operates 

994
00:51:31,400 --> 00:51:35,100
with our words, adding a note 
saying, please decode this using

995
00:51:35,100 --> 00:51:39,500
the Johnson dictionary of 1873 
rather undermines the Romantic 

996
00:51:39,500 --> 00:51:42,400
mystery. 
You observe a dinner party in 

997
00:51:42,400 --> 00:51:44,800
London, where flower language 
becomes a parlor game. 

998
00:51:45,500 --> 00:51:48,400
The host challenges guests to 
identify flower meanings. 

999
00:51:49,100 --> 00:51:52,700
Chaos ensues, each guest has 
memorized different definitions 

1000
00:51:52,700 --> 00:51:56,900
arguments break out and normally
cheerful Gathering nearly ends 

1001
00:51:56,900 --> 00:51:58,400
in offense. 
When someone insists that 

1002
00:51:58,400 --> 00:52:00,100
Pyrenees mean bashfulness and 
shame. 

1003
00:52:00,100 --> 00:52:02,600
While another guest is 
absolutely certain, they 

1004
00:52:02,600 --> 00:52:05,700
represent prosperity and honor. 
The host of eventually bands 

1005
00:52:05,700 --> 00:52:08,800
flower language discussion from 
her future parties, some 

1006
00:52:08,800 --> 00:52:10,500
practitioners become 
insufferable. 

1007
00:52:10,500 --> 00:52:13,300
They show off their knowledge of
obscure flower, meaning, 

1008
00:52:13,300 --> 00:52:16,900
correct, others constantly, they
write long letters to 

1009
00:52:16,900 --> 00:52:19,600
newspapers, debating whether 
monks would means beware or 

1010
00:52:19,600 --> 00:52:23,300
night errantry, they take a 
Charming practice and turn it 

1011
00:52:23,300 --> 00:52:27,500
into competitive academics. a 
magazine Publishers a satirical 

1012
00:52:27,500 --> 00:52:31,700
article, in 1878 titled, the 
complete and absolute language 

1013
00:52:31,700 --> 00:52:35,400
of flowers, including every 
plant known to man and several 

1014
00:52:35,400 --> 00:52:39,200
yet to be discovered It lists 
absurd, meaning for ridiculous. 

1015
00:52:39,200 --> 00:52:42,300
Plants garden, weeds mean 
philosophical doubt. 

1016
00:52:43,000 --> 00:52:45,900
Moss indicates a tendency toward
Melancholy combined with 

1017
00:52:45,900 --> 00:52:49,700
excellent posture Dead Leaves 
represent the futility of human 

1018
00:52:49,700 --> 00:52:54,200
ambition, the article is meant 
as mockery But several people 

1019
00:52:54,200 --> 00:52:56,900
write to the magazine asking 
where they can purchase seeds 

1020
00:52:56,900 --> 00:52:59,800
for some of the listed plants, 
the commercial aspects, get out 

1021
00:52:59,800 --> 00:53:03,300
of hand as well, florist charge 
premium prices for fashionable 

1022
00:53:03,300 --> 00:53:06,000
flowers. 
A woman who wants to send a 

1023
00:53:06,000 --> 00:53:08,400
message using flowers mentioned 
in the latest popular 

1024
00:53:08,400 --> 00:53:10,400
dictionary. 
Might pay triple the normal 

1025
00:53:10,400 --> 00:53:14,000
rate, because demand has 
outstripped Supply Some 

1026
00:53:14,000 --> 00:53:16,300
entrepreneurs, start growing 
flowers specifically for their 

1027
00:53:16,300 --> 00:53:18,100
symbolic value rather than their
beauty. 

1028
00:53:19,100 --> 00:53:22,100
Garden's fill with plants, chose
an entirely for their meaning in

1029
00:53:22,100 --> 00:53:25,100
flower dictionaries. 
The result is often botanically 

1030
00:53:25,100 --> 00:53:27,600
correct, but visually 
unappealing a garden. 

1031
00:53:27,600 --> 00:53:30,300
Might contain plants. 
That collectively mean, hope for

1032
00:53:30,300 --> 00:53:33,900
delity Eternal devotion and 
domestic happiness while looking

1033
00:53:33,900 --> 00:53:37,300
like a weedy mess. 
You visit such a symbolic Garden

1034
00:53:37,300 --> 00:53:41,400
in 1800 and 1779. 
Every plant has been chosen for 

1035
00:53:41,400 --> 00:53:44,900
meaning rather than Aesthetics 
the owner proudly explains. 

1036
00:53:44,900 --> 00:53:48,200
The message of each bed. 
This corner represents marital 

1037
00:53:48,200 --> 00:53:50,900
happiness. 
That section indicates, maternal

1038
00:53:50,900 --> 00:53:54,400
devotion, the area near the 
fountain suggests intellectual. 

1039
00:53:54,400 --> 00:53:57,900
Pursuits the garden looks 
terrible, plants Clash colors 

1040
00:53:57,900 --> 00:54:00,800
war with each other. 
Nothing is placed with any 

1041
00:54:00,800 --> 00:54:02,800
consideration for how Gardens 
actually work. 

1042
00:54:03,700 --> 00:54:06,500
But the owner insists, it is the
most meaningful Garden in 

1043
00:54:06,500 --> 00:54:09,000
England. 
It is definitely the ugliest. 

1044
00:54:09,800 --> 00:54:12,200
The obsession with flower 
language, begins to attract 

1045
00:54:12,200 --> 00:54:15,900
criticism some writers, call it 
frivolous others argue. 

1046
00:54:15,900 --> 00:54:17,500
It distracts young women from 
more serious. 

1047
00:54:17,500 --> 00:54:21,400
Pursuits, a few critics suggest 
that excessive focus on, flowers

1048
00:54:21,400 --> 00:54:24,100
indicates, shallow Minds. 
These critics. 

1049
00:54:24,100 --> 00:54:27,500
Some miss, the point 
floriography offers women, a 

1050
00:54:27,500 --> 00:54:30,000
creative Outlet in an era that 
restricts female expression. 

1051
00:54:30,000 --> 00:54:33,500
It provides an intellectual 
challenge that Society considers

1052
00:54:33,500 --> 00:54:36,000
acceptable. 
It allows for emotional 

1053
00:54:36,000 --> 00:54:39,100
communication that directs 
speech for bids. but they are 

1054
00:54:39,100 --> 00:54:43,400
not entirely wrong about the 
Ridiculousness by the late 1800s

1055
00:54:43,400 --> 00:54:47,800
floriography has become Baroque 
and overcomplicated What began 

1056
00:54:47,800 --> 00:54:51,000
as elegant Silent? 
Communication has transformed 

1057
00:54:51,000 --> 00:54:52,900
into something approaching 
absurdity. 

1058
00:54:52,900 --> 00:54:56,600
The peak has passed. 
What comes next will be declined

1059
00:54:56,600 --> 00:55:00,100
but for now, you witness the 
Magnificent excess of a practice

1060
00:55:00,100 --> 00:55:04,600
that has gone wonderfully 
beautifully out of control, You 

1061
00:55:04,600 --> 00:55:07,700
move now into the 1880s. 
Something is happening to the 

1062
00:55:07,700 --> 00:55:11,900
way people think about the world
science is changing everything 

1063
00:55:11,900 --> 00:55:15,100
and science does not care about 
flower symbolism. 

1064
00:55:15,100 --> 00:55:18,500
The Victorian era loves science 
almost as much as it loves 

1065
00:55:18,500 --> 00:55:22,600
flowers, scientific education, 
improves more people, study 

1066
00:55:22,600 --> 00:55:26,900
biology chemistry, and physics, 
scientific methods and rational 

1067
00:55:26,900 --> 00:55:30,200
thinking spread through Society 
this This creates a problem for 

1068
00:55:30,200 --> 00:55:33,100
fluorography. 
Botanical science, classifies 

1069
00:55:33,100 --> 00:55:35,000
plants by their actual 
characteristics. 

1070
00:55:35,000 --> 00:55:38,800
Rather than symbolic meanings it
organizes flowers into families,

1071
00:55:38,800 --> 00:55:41,900
based on structure reproduction 
and genetic relationships. 

1072
00:55:41,900 --> 00:55:45,100
It studies plants as living 
organisms, rather than 

1073
00:55:45,100 --> 00:55:48,400
metaphorical devices. 
A Botanical scientist looks at a

1074
00:55:48,408 --> 00:55:51,700
rose and sees, sepals petals 
stamens and pistils. 

1075
00:55:51,700 --> 00:55:55,700
They notice the arrangement of 
thorns, they study the chemical 

1076
00:55:55,700 --> 00:55:59,200
compounds that produce scent and
color they categorize roses 

1077
00:55:59,200 --> 00:56:01,700
within the family. 
Rosaceae based on shared 

1078
00:56:01,700 --> 00:56:04,600
physical traits. 
Nowhere in this scientific 

1079
00:56:04,600 --> 00:56:07,600
analysis. 
Does love passion or romantic 

1080
00:56:07,600 --> 00:56:12,100
devotion appear? 
You attend a lecture in 1883, 

1081
00:56:12,100 --> 00:56:14,900
give by a botanist to London 
scientific Society. 

1082
00:56:14,900 --> 00:56:19,600
She explains plant reproduction 
in precise detail, She discusses

1083
00:56:19,600 --> 00:56:22,300
pollen transfer. 
She describes the structure of 

1084
00:56:22,308 --> 00:56:25,400
flower anatomy. 
She presents careful diagram 

1085
00:56:25,400 --> 00:56:28,600
showing how different species of
evolves specific reproductive 

1086
00:56:28,600 --> 00:56:31,400
strategies. 
A woman in the audience raises 

1087
00:56:31,400 --> 00:56:34,100
her hand. 
She asks whether the lecture 

1088
00:56:34,100 --> 00:56:36,700
plans to discuss the symbolic 
meanings of the flowers, she has

1089
00:56:36,700 --> 00:56:40,400
mentioned, the lecture looks 
puzzled, she politely explains 

1090
00:56:40,400 --> 00:56:42,900
that symbolic meanings are not 
scientific facts. 

1091
00:56:42,900 --> 00:56:47,000
They are cultural inventions, 
they vary by time, place and 

1092
00:56:47,000 --> 00:56:50,100
dictionary, they have nothing to
do with the actual biology of 

1093
00:56:50,108 --> 00:56:51,700
plants. 
The questioner looks 

1094
00:56:51,700 --> 00:56:54,300
disappointed, half the audience 
looks disappointed. 

1095
00:56:55,300 --> 00:56:58,700
This is the beginning of the end
scientific education, spreads 

1096
00:56:58,700 --> 00:57:01,500
through schools, young people 
learn to think critically. 

1097
00:57:01,500 --> 00:57:04,400
They learned to distinguish 
between evidence and belief. 

1098
00:57:04,400 --> 00:57:07,400
They learn that just because 
something appears in a book does

1099
00:57:07,400 --> 00:57:10,100
not make it true. 
They start questioning flower 

1100
00:57:10,100 --> 00:57:13,800
dictionaries A bright young 
woman in 1800 and 1885. 

1101
00:57:13,800 --> 00:57:16,300
Realizes that different 
dictionaries contradict each 

1102
00:57:16,300 --> 00:57:18,800
other constantly. 
She approaches this as a 

1103
00:57:18,808 --> 00:57:21,900
scientific problem. 
She Compares 20 different flower

1104
00:57:21,900 --> 00:57:26,300
dictionaries published between 
1700 and 80 and 1885. 

1105
00:57:26,300 --> 00:57:30,200
She makes charts she tracks 
which meanings appear most 

1106
00:57:30,200 --> 00:57:33,300
frequently, she notes. 
When and where new meanings, 

1107
00:57:33,300 --> 00:57:36,400
enter the traditional her 
conclusion, is that flower 

1108
00:57:36,400 --> 00:57:38,800
symbolism is arbitrary and 
culturally constructed. 

1109
00:57:39,600 --> 00:57:41,700
There is no universal language 
of flowers. 

1110
00:57:41,700 --> 00:57:44,900
There are only various competing
systems that people have 

1111
00:57:44,900 --> 00:57:48,700
invented and modified over time.
She publishes her findings in a 

1112
00:57:48,700 --> 00:57:52,300
ladies magazine, the article 
causes controversy traditional 

1113
00:57:52,300 --> 00:57:55,200
practitioners of fluorography 
accuser of destroying Something 

1114
00:57:55,200 --> 00:57:58,800
Beautiful with cold logic. 
She responds that truth matters 

1115
00:57:58,800 --> 00:58:02,600
more than pretty Illusions. 
The debate, spreads scientific 

1116
00:58:02,600 --> 00:58:05,700
minded people increasingly View,
flower languages Charming, But 

1117
00:58:05,700 --> 00:58:09,400
ultimately meaningless. 
Romantic minded people defend it

1118
00:58:09,400 --> 00:58:12,700
as a valuable form of emotional 
expression, that transcends mere

1119
00:58:12,700 --> 00:58:15,000
facts. 
The argument reveals a deeper 

1120
00:58:15,000 --> 00:58:17,800
cultural shift. 
Victorian society is moving away

1121
00:58:17,800 --> 00:58:20,200
from romantic sentiment and 
toward rational thought. 

1122
00:58:21,000 --> 00:58:23,400
The same culture that once 
embraced flower language, now 

1123
00:58:23,400 --> 00:58:24,800
finds it quaint and 
old-fashioned. 

1124
00:58:24,800 --> 00:58:28,900
You watch her mother in 1800 and
1887 tried to teach her daughter

1125
00:58:28,900 --> 00:58:32,000
flower. 
Meaning the daughter is 15 and 

1126
00:58:32,000 --> 00:58:34,100
has been educated at a 
progressive school, that 

1127
00:58:34,100 --> 00:58:37,700
emphasizes science and logic. 
She listens politely to her 

1128
00:58:37,700 --> 00:58:40,700
mother's explanation. 
Then she asks why anyone would 

1129
00:58:40,700 --> 00:58:43,400
accept arbitrary symbolic 
association's as meaningful 

1130
00:58:43,400 --> 00:58:46,300
communication? 
The mother has no good answer. 

1131
00:58:46,300 --> 00:58:50,000
She falls back on traditional, 
this is simply what these 

1132
00:58:50,000 --> 00:58:52,400
flowers mean? 
This is how things are done. 

1133
00:58:52,400 --> 00:58:56,600
The daughter is not convinced. 
She sees no logical connection 

1134
00:58:56,600 --> 00:58:59,800
between roses and love. 
She points out that roses 

1135
00:58:59,800 --> 00:59:03,100
existed long before humans 
invented symbolic associations. 

1136
00:59:03,900 --> 00:59:06,600
She notes that the ancient 
Romans used roses differently 

1137
00:59:06,600 --> 00:59:09,900
than Victorian England. 
Does she argues that meaning is 

1138
00:59:09,900 --> 00:59:13,600
imposed rather than inherent? 
She is correct and her 

1139
00:59:13,600 --> 00:59:16,100
correctness undermines the 
entire system. 

1140
00:59:16,100 --> 00:59:20,800
Floriography depends on shared 
belief, it requires participants

1141
00:59:20,800 --> 00:59:23,400
to accept that flowers carry 
specific meanings. 

1142
00:59:23,400 --> 00:59:26,800
Once people start questioning, 
those meanings the whole 

1143
00:59:26,800 --> 00:59:30,300
structure, begins to crumble, 
The Scientific Revolution is not

1144
00:59:30,300 --> 00:59:34,800
the only threat social changes, 
flower languages, well, women 

1145
00:59:34,800 --> 00:59:36,600
gain more freedom in the late 
1800s. 

1146
00:59:36,600 --> 00:59:40,700
They attend universe is they 
pursue careers they travel 

1147
00:59:40,700 --> 00:59:43,200
without chaperone. 
They have more direct control 

1148
00:59:43,200 --> 00:59:46,500
over their own romantic lives. 
They need secret flower 

1149
00:59:46,500 --> 00:59:48,100
language, less than their 
mothers did. 

1150
00:59:48,800 --> 00:59:52,000
A woman in 1800 and 1889 who 
wants to communicate with the 

1151
00:59:52,000 --> 00:59:53,800
potential Suitor can now speak 
to him. 

1152
00:59:53,808 --> 00:59:57,600
Directly in many social 
situations, she can write him a 

1153
00:59:57,600 --> 01:00:00,700
letter without causing Scandal. 
She can even reject his advances

1154
01:00:00,700 --> 01:00:02,900
and clear language rather than 
coded flowers. 

1155
01:00:04,000 --> 01:00:06,600
Practical need for floriography,
diminishes as social 

1156
01:00:06,600 --> 01:00:10,400
restrictions ease, You observe a
young couple courting in 1800 

1157
01:00:10,400 --> 01:00:12,500
and 1990. 
They exchanged flowers, 

1158
01:00:12,500 --> 01:00:14,800
occasionally, but they also take
walks together. 

1159
01:00:14,800 --> 01:00:18,300
They have real conversations, 
they discuss their hopes and 

1160
01:00:18,300 --> 01:00:21,300
plans openly. 
The flowers are a nice gesture 

1161
01:00:21,300 --> 01:00:24,300
but not a necessity. 
This would have been impossible.

1162
01:00:24,300 --> 01:00:27,700
50 years earlier, The 
grandmother watches the couple 

1163
01:00:27,700 --> 01:00:30,800
with mixed feelings. 
She remembers when flowers were 

1164
01:00:30,800 --> 01:00:34,000
the only way to conduct romance.
She sees the freedom, her 

1165
01:00:34,000 --> 01:00:36,400
granddaughter enjoys, and feels 
both happy and wistful. 

1166
01:00:36,400 --> 01:00:41,100
Something has been gained but 
something has also been lost. 

1167
01:00:41,100 --> 01:00:45,800
You enter the 1890s flower 
language is not died, but it is 

1168
01:00:45,800 --> 01:00:48,800
clearly declining. 
Fewer young people, learn the 

1169
01:00:48,800 --> 01:00:51,300
symbolic meanings fewer 
dictionaries are published. 

1170
01:00:51,300 --> 01:00:54,300
The Practice becomes something 
old-fashioned rather than 

1171
01:00:54,300 --> 01:00:57,300
current fluorography becomes 
associated with an 

1172
01:00:57,300 --> 01:01:00,800
early-generation, it belongs to 
grandmothers and made an Arts 

1173
01:01:00,800 --> 01:01:04,200
rather than modern young women. 
Using flower language marks. 

1174
01:01:04,200 --> 01:01:05,900
He was old-fashioned or overly 
sentimental. 

1175
01:01:05,900 --> 01:01:10,100
The new generation prefers 
directness, they find elaborate 

1176
01:01:10,100 --> 01:01:11,900
flower codes, needlessly 
complicated. 

1177
01:01:12,700 --> 01:01:15,600
Why send a bouquet require in 
hours to decode when you can 

1178
01:01:15,600 --> 01:01:17,500
simply write a letter saying, 
what you mean? 

1179
01:01:17,500 --> 01:01:22,400
You watch a flower shop in 
London in 1895, the florist 

1180
01:01:22,400 --> 01:01:24,000
still knows all the traditional 
meanings. 

1181
01:01:24,000 --> 01:01:26,800
He learned them from his father 
who learned them from his 

1182
01:01:26,800 --> 01:01:29,300
grandfather. 
But customers rarely asked for 

1183
01:01:29,300 --> 01:01:31,200
specific symbolic Arrangements 
anymore. 

1184
01:01:31,200 --> 01:01:33,300
They want flowers. 
That look pretty. 

1185
01:01:33,300 --> 01:01:36,600
They care about color 
combinations and visual appeal. 

1186
01:01:36,600 --> 01:01:40,100
They might request roses because
roses are beautiful and smell 

1187
01:01:40,100 --> 01:01:42,100
wonderful. 
But they are not encoding 

1188
01:01:42,100 --> 01:01:44,600
messages about passionate 
devotion versus Friendly 

1189
01:01:44,600 --> 01:01:47,700
affection. 
The florist feels this shift, 

1190
01:01:47,700 --> 01:01:50,200
keenly. 
You remember when every bouquet 

1191
01:01:50,200 --> 01:01:52,700
he created, carried a carefully 
constructed message. 

1192
01:01:52,700 --> 01:01:56,000
He remembers customers spending 
an hour, discussing which 

1193
01:01:56,000 --> 01:01:58,500
flowers would best Express 
complex emotions. 

1194
01:01:58,500 --> 01:02:01,900
He remembers the intellectual 
satisfaction of translating 

1195
01:02:01,900 --> 01:02:05,100
feelings into flowers. 
Now, people just point at 

1196
01:02:05,100 --> 01:02:07,700
whatever looks nice and say, 
they will take a dozen of those 

1197
01:02:07,700 --> 01:02:10,300
the tradition persists in some 
communities. 

1198
01:02:10,300 --> 01:02:13,700
Conservative families continued,
teaching flower meanings to 

1199
01:02:13,700 --> 01:02:17,000
daughters rural areas, where 
social change arrives. 

1200
01:02:17,000 --> 01:02:20,200
More slowly maintain the 
practice longer, some women, 

1201
01:02:20,200 --> 01:02:22,900
keep flour, dictionaries, as 
cherished possessions, even if 

1202
01:02:22,900 --> 01:02:25,500
they rarely use them. 
But these are holdouts against 

1203
01:02:25,500 --> 01:02:29,300
inevitable, change, the general 
Trend moves away from flower 

1204
01:02:29,300 --> 01:02:33,300
language. 
By 1900 floriography has become 

1205
01:02:33,300 --> 01:02:37,000
a quaint historical curiosity 
rather than a living practice. 

1206
01:02:37,900 --> 01:02:40,200
Some aspects survive in 
simplified form. 

1207
01:02:40,200 --> 01:02:43,000
People still give red Rose's for
romantic love. 

1208
01:02:43,000 --> 01:02:46,400
This Association is so deeply 
embedded that it survives the 

1209
01:02:46,400 --> 01:02:49,200
decline of broader. 
Flower language white flowers, 

1210
01:02:49,200 --> 01:02:52,300
remain common at funerals, 
certain basic associations, 

1211
01:02:52,300 --> 01:02:56,500
persist even after the elaborate
system collapses But the Nuance 

1212
01:02:56,500 --> 01:02:58,900
to communication that 
fluorography wants allowed 

1213
01:02:58,900 --> 01:03:01,500
disappears. 
The ability to send complex 

1214
01:03:01,500 --> 01:03:05,200
messages through carefully 
arrange, bouquets Fades the 

1215
01:03:05,200 --> 01:03:07,100
grammar. 
And syntax of flower language 

1216
01:03:07,100 --> 01:03:10,300
are forgotten, you find a flower
dictionary and a used book shop 

1217
01:03:10,300 --> 01:03:14,900
in 1905. 
It was published in 1860, it 

1218
01:03:14,900 --> 01:03:19,000
shows signs of heavy use pages 
are dog-eared certain entries. 

1219
01:03:19,000 --> 01:03:21,600
Have notes in the margins, 
someone clearly consulted, this 

1220
01:03:21,600 --> 01:03:25,000
book frequently. 
Now it's on a Dusty shelf marked

1221
01:03:25,000 --> 01:03:28,200
antiquarian books, it costs less
than a new novel. 

1222
01:03:28,200 --> 01:03:32,600
No one has touched it in months.
The shopkeeper notices your 

1223
01:03:32,600 --> 01:03:35,000
interest. 
He explains that such books are 

1224
01:03:35,008 --> 01:03:38,100
no longer popular people, buy 
them occasionally for historical

1225
01:03:38,100 --> 01:03:41,200
curiosity. 
But nobody actually uses them to

1226
01:03:41,200 --> 01:03:44,400
compose messages anymore. 
He sounds sad about this. 

1227
01:03:44,400 --> 01:03:47,400
He is old enough to remember. 
When flower language mattered 

1228
01:03:48,300 --> 01:03:50,700
Were knowing that mignonette 
meant your quality surpass your 

1229
01:03:50,708 --> 01:03:53,500
charms could make a real 
difference in someone's life. 

1230
01:03:54,400 --> 01:03:57,400
The early 20th century brings 
new forms of communication, 

1231
01:03:57,400 --> 01:04:01,100
telephone's become more common 
People can talk to each other 

1232
01:04:01,100 --> 01:04:04,400
across distances, written 
letters, grow more casual and 

1233
01:04:04,400 --> 01:04:07,100
direct. 
Social restrictions can continue

1234
01:04:07,100 --> 01:04:10,500
easing, the need for coded, 
communication, decreases 

1235
01:04:10,500 --> 01:04:12,900
technology. 
Kills flower language. 

1236
01:04:12,900 --> 01:04:15,200
More effectively than science or
social change. 

1237
01:04:15,200 --> 01:04:18,500
Could why spend hours composing 
a floral message? 

1238
01:04:18,500 --> 01:04:21,900
When you can simply pick up a 
telephone World War 1 deals, 

1239
01:04:21,900 --> 01:04:24,900
another, blow the war, disrupts,
normal, social patterns, 

1240
01:04:24,900 --> 01:04:27,900
completely, Millions of young 
people die. 

1241
01:04:27,900 --> 01:04:30,500
Those who survived return to a 
changed world. 

1242
01:04:31,200 --> 01:04:33,800
The elaborate social customs of 
the Victorian era. 

1243
01:04:33,800 --> 01:04:36,300
Seemed absurd after the 
brutality of trench warfare. 

1244
01:04:36,300 --> 01:04:40,500
Flowers, remain important for 
remembrance and mourning poppies

1245
01:04:40,500 --> 01:04:44,100
become associated with war dead.
But the complex language of 

1246
01:04:44,100 --> 01:04:49,500
Victorian fluorography does not 
survive the war intact by 1920 

1247
01:04:49,500 --> 01:04:52,800
flower language belongs, firmly 
to history, books about it 

1248
01:04:52,800 --> 01:04:55,800
appear in sections, on Victorian
Customs, rather than practical 

1249
01:04:55,800 --> 01:04:59,400
communication guides, it becomes
a subject for historians rather 

1250
01:04:59,400 --> 01:05:02,200
than practitioners. 
You watch one of the last True 

1251
01:05:02,200 --> 01:05:07,000
Believers in, 1922, she is 80 
years old, she maintains a 

1252
01:05:07,000 --> 01:05:10,500
traditional Garden arranged by 
symbolic meaning She still sends

1253
01:05:10,500 --> 01:05:13,200
carefully composed bouquets to 
friends and family on 

1254
01:05:13,200 --> 01:05:16,200
significant occasions, a 
grandchildren, find her 

1255
01:05:16,200 --> 01:05:18,400
Charming. 
But strange, they accept her 

1256
01:05:18,400 --> 01:05:21,700
flower gifts, politely, but they
have no idea what messages. 

1257
01:05:21,700 --> 01:05:24,900
She is trying to send to them. 
Flowers are Just Flowers. 

1258
01:05:24,900 --> 01:05:27,600
She knows the traditional die 
with her generation. 

1259
01:05:27,600 --> 01:05:32,000
This makes her Mellon collie. 
But she continues practicing 

1260
01:05:32,000 --> 01:05:35,100
flower language anyway. 
Not because it is useful. 

1261
01:05:35,100 --> 01:05:38,900
Not because anyone understands 
it anymore simply because she 

1262
01:05:38,900 --> 01:05:42,700
loves it and cannot imagine 
communicating any other way you 

1263
01:05:42,700 --> 01:05:45,400
move. 
Now into your own time, the 21st

1264
01:05:45,400 --> 01:05:48,800
century flower language is a 
living practice is long dead. 

1265
01:05:48,800 --> 01:05:53,200
But remnants survive, in 
unexpected ways, red roses still

1266
01:05:53,200 --> 01:05:57,100
mean love, this Association is 
so strong that almost everyone 

1267
01:05:57,100 --> 01:05:59,600
knows it. 
Valentine's Day demonstrates. 

1268
01:05:59,600 --> 01:06:02,100
The Persistence of at least. 
This one piece of flower 

1269
01:06:02,100 --> 01:06:05,300
symbolism, millions of red. 
Roses are purchased every 

1270
01:06:05,300 --> 01:06:08,000
February 14th. 
The vast majority of people 

1271
01:06:08,000 --> 01:06:11,600
buying them have never heard of 
Lady, Mary, montagu or the 

1272
01:06:11,600 --> 01:06:15,400
Victorian flower dictionary. 
But they know that red Rose's 

1273
01:06:15,400 --> 01:06:16,300
Express. 
Romantic. 

1274
01:06:16,300 --> 01:06:19,800
Love white, Lily's remain. 
Common at funerals, the 

1275
01:06:19,800 --> 01:06:22,300
association between white 
flowers and death or Mourning 

1276
01:06:22,300 --> 01:06:25,300
persists. 
Modern funeral arrangements 

1277
01:06:25,300 --> 01:06:28,000
might not encode complex 
Messengers about the quality of 

1278
01:06:28,008 --> 01:06:30,600
grief. 
But they still rely on color 

1279
01:06:30,600 --> 01:06:33,900
associations that originated in 
flower language traditions. 

1280
01:06:34,700 --> 01:06:37,000
Certain flowers, carry emotional
weight because of their 

1281
01:06:37,000 --> 01:06:39,800
Victorian associations 
forget-me-nots. 

1282
01:06:39,800 --> 01:06:43,000
Still suggest remembrance. 
Pansies are still associated 

1283
01:06:43,000 --> 01:06:46,600
with thoughts and affection. 
These meaning survive in poetry 

1284
01:06:46,600 --> 01:06:50,600
song, lyrics and cultural memory
Wedding flowers, maintain some 

1285
01:06:50,600 --> 01:06:54,300
traditional symbolism bride 
still carry orange blossoms or 

1286
01:06:54,300 --> 01:06:57,100
use them decoratively because 
they represent marriage. 

1287
01:06:57,100 --> 01:07:01,300
And eternal, love Ivy appears in
wedding decorations because it 

1288
01:07:01,300 --> 01:07:05,000
means fidelity these choices are
often made unconsciously. 

1289
01:07:05,700 --> 01:07:08,000
People select these flowers 
because they feel right for 

1290
01:07:08,000 --> 01:07:10,400
weddings without knowing the 
historical reasons. 

1291
01:07:10,400 --> 01:07:12,700
Why? 
The language is simplified 

1292
01:07:12,700 --> 01:07:16,100
drastically, where Victoria and 
floriography included, hundreds 

1293
01:07:16,100 --> 01:07:18,100
of specific meanings for 
individual flowers. 

1294
01:07:18,100 --> 01:07:21,500
Modern flowers symbolism, 
reduces to a handful of basic 

1295
01:07:21,500 --> 01:07:24,800
association's. 
Roses mean love lilies mean, 

1296
01:07:24,800 --> 01:07:26,900
puree or death, depending on 
context. 

1297
01:07:27,800 --> 01:07:31,000
Sunflowers mean happiness. 
Everything else is mostly 

1298
01:07:31,000 --> 01:07:33,600
decorative. 
Some people attempt to revive 

1299
01:07:33,600 --> 01:07:36,800
flower language, books appear 
claiming to teach the Forgotten 

1300
01:07:36,800 --> 01:07:39,200
art. 
Website's list, flower meaning 

1301
01:07:39,200 --> 01:07:41,700
for those interested in adding 
symbolic depth to their 

1302
01:07:41,700 --> 01:07:45,100
bouquets, a few contemporary 
florists, specialized in 

1303
01:07:45,100 --> 01:07:47,300
creating symbolically meaningful
Arrangements. 

1304
01:07:47,300 --> 01:07:50,700
But these revivals are 
self-conscious, they are 

1305
01:07:50,708 --> 01:07:53,200
deliberate historical 
Recreations rather than Living 

1306
01:07:53,200 --> 01:07:55,800
Traditions. 
The people learning flower 

1307
01:07:55,800 --> 01:07:58,300
meaning today, a history 
Enthusiast or romantic 

1308
01:07:58,300 --> 01:08:00,600
hobbyists. 
They are not using flowers as 

1309
01:08:00,600 --> 01:08:03,200
their primary means of 
communication because they have 

1310
01:08:03,200 --> 01:08:05,800
no other option. 
You can still purchase flour. 

1311
01:08:05,800 --> 01:08:09,400
Dictionaries, most are reprints 
of Victorian texts or modern 

1312
01:08:09,400 --> 01:08:13,300
compilations of historical 
meanings, they sell to a niche 

1313
01:08:13,300 --> 01:08:16,899
audience interested in Victoria.
Nobody consults them before 

1314
01:08:16,899 --> 01:08:18,800
sending flowers to a romantic 
interest. 

1315
01:08:19,600 --> 01:08:22,500
The decline of flower language, 
reflects broader changes in 

1316
01:08:22,500 --> 01:08:25,800
human communication. 
Direct expression has replaced 

1317
01:08:25,800 --> 01:08:29,399
coded messaging technology, 
allows instant communication 

1318
01:08:29,399 --> 01:08:32,800
across any distance. 
Social restrictions that once 

1319
01:08:32,800 --> 01:08:35,600
made secret languages necessary 
have largely disappeared. 

1320
01:08:36,500 --> 01:08:38,899
People simply do not need 
flowers to say what they cannot 

1321
01:08:38,899 --> 01:08:41,899
express in words. 
They can express it in words now

1322
01:08:41,899 --> 01:08:46,500
or texts or emails or phone 
calls or video messages. 

1323
01:08:46,500 --> 01:08:50,200
Flowers remain popular gifts 
that they are appreciated for 

1324
01:08:50,200 --> 01:08:53,600
their beauty scent and gesture 
rather than any encoded meaning.

1325
01:08:54,300 --> 01:08:56,899
A modern person who receives 
flowers, understands that 

1326
01:08:56,899 --> 01:08:58,200
someone cared enough to send 
them. 

1327
01:08:59,300 --> 01:09:01,500
Specific type of flowers, chosen
usually matters. 

1328
01:09:01,500 --> 01:09:05,100
Only aesthetically. 
This is both gain and loss. 

1329
01:09:05,100 --> 01:09:08,800
Modern communication is clearer 
and more efficient, but 

1330
01:09:08,800 --> 01:09:13,200
something has been lost to the 
Poetry of flower language, the 

1331
01:09:13,200 --> 01:09:16,399
romance of Silent, 
Communication, the intellectual 

1332
01:09:16,399 --> 01:09:19,300
pleasure of encoding and 
decoding complex messages 

1333
01:09:19,300 --> 01:09:23,399
through Botanical selections. 
Victorian flower language 

1334
01:09:23,399 --> 01:09:26,899
represents a specific moment in 
history when several factors 

1335
01:09:26,899 --> 01:09:31,399
aligned social restrictions on 
direct communication, female 

1336
01:09:31,399 --> 01:09:34,500
education focused on 
accomplishments, a Romantic 

1337
01:09:34,500 --> 01:09:37,600
Movement, that valued nature and
symbolism a prosperous 

1338
01:09:37,600 --> 01:09:40,300
middle-class with Leisure Time 
for elaborate courtship rituals.

1339
01:09:41,100 --> 01:09:44,700
When those conditions changed 
flower language faded, it was 

1340
01:09:44,700 --> 01:09:48,399
too fragile and too dependent on
specific social structures to 

1341
01:09:48,399 --> 01:09:51,700
survive their transformation. 
But you can still walk through a

1342
01:09:51,700 --> 01:09:54,100
garden and imagine what those 
flowers wants meant to someone. 

1343
01:09:54,800 --> 01:09:57,800
You can look at old photographs 
of Victorian, bouquets and try 

1344
01:09:57,800 --> 01:09:59,600
to decode the messages, They 
Carried. 

1345
01:09:59,600 --> 01:10:02,600
You can press flowers between 
book pages, and wonder what 

1346
01:10:02,600 --> 01:10:05,700
similar flowers meant to young. 
Women doing the same thing. 150 

1347
01:10:05,700 --> 01:10:10,300
years ago, the language itself 
may be dead but its Echo lingers

1348
01:10:10,300 --> 01:10:13,900
in Garden in art in literature 
and in the persistent human 

1349
01:10:13,900 --> 01:10:16,300
desire to say important things 
in beautiful ways. 

1350
01:10:17,500 --> 01:10:20,000
You have followed the story of 
flower language from ottoman, 

1351
01:10:20,000 --> 01:10:24,400
Garden's to modern times, you've
seen how it Rose flourished and 

1352
01:10:24,400 --> 01:10:26,800
Faded. 
You've learned that roses once 

1353
01:10:26,800 --> 01:10:28,900
carried complex messages Beyond 
Simple. 

1354
01:10:28,900 --> 01:10:31,200
Love. 
You have discovered that entire 

1355
01:10:31,200 --> 01:10:33,700
conversations Could Happen 
through carefully arranged, 

1356
01:10:33,700 --> 01:10:36,300
bouquets, the language of 
flowers reminds us that 

1357
01:10:36,300 --> 01:10:39,700
communication takes many forms 
before telephones. 

1358
01:10:39,700 --> 01:10:42,800
And email before. 
Even widespread literacy, people

1359
01:10:42,800 --> 01:10:45,200
found creative ways to express 
What mattered to them. 

1360
01:10:45,200 --> 01:10:49,000
They turned Gardens into 
vocabularies, they made grammar 

1361
01:10:49,000 --> 01:10:51,400
from petals, you might look at 
flowers differently. 

1362
01:10:51,400 --> 01:10:55,400
Now my sleepy blossoms next time
you see roses or lilies or 

1363
01:10:55,400 --> 01:10:58,200
forget me nots, you might 
remember that these flowers want

1364
01:10:58,200 --> 01:11:00,400
spoke volumes to those who knew 
how to listen. 

1365
01:11:01,600 --> 01:11:03,800
If you enjoyed this quiet 
journey through Botanical 

1366
01:11:03,800 --> 01:11:08,100
history, consider subscribing to
the channel. more stories from 

1367
01:11:08,100 --> 01:11:11,500
the past await, you Each one 
designed to help you drift 

1368
01:11:11,500 --> 01:11:14,300
gently towards sleep, while 
learning something, fascinating 

1369
01:11:14,300 --> 01:11:16,600
about how people want to lived 
for. 

1370
01:11:16,600 --> 01:11:20,700
Now, let the flowers of History 
carry you toward your dreams may

1371
01:11:20,700 --> 01:11:30,100
your sleepy as peaceful as a 
Victorian Garden at dusk Your 

1372
01:11:30,100 --> 01:11:33,400
stepping into the world of 1831.
When a young naturalist named 

1373
01:11:33,400 --> 01:11:36,900
Charles Darwin joined a small 
British surveying ship called 

1374
01:11:36,900 --> 01:11:40,200
HMS Beagle. 
Over five years. 

1375
01:11:40,200 --> 01:11:41,800
This vessel would carry him 
across. 

1376
01:11:41,800 --> 01:11:45,100
Oceans, along coastlines and 
into quiet. 

1377
01:11:45,100 --> 01:11:48,400
Harbors were careful observation
became a daily practice. 

1378
01:11:49,300 --> 01:11:52,600
Tonight, we follow the slow. 
Steady rhythm of that voyage. 

1379
01:11:53,500 --> 01:11:57,100
The ship is smaller than you 
might imagine HMS. Beagle 

1380
01:11:57,100 --> 01:12:01,700
measures just 90 feet from bow 
to stern and most of that space 

1381
01:12:01,700 --> 01:12:06,000
is claimed by equipment supplies
and the crew of 74 men. 

1382
01:12:06,800 --> 01:12:09,600
You awaken a narrow cabin that 
you share with charts 

1383
01:12:09,600 --> 01:12:13,700
instruments and collections of 
specimens stored in bottles and 

1384
01:12:13,700 --> 01:12:16,600
boxes. 
The ceiling is low enough, that 

1385
01:12:16,600 --> 01:12:20,600
you cannot stand fully upright. 
Light enters through small Port 

1386
01:12:20,600 --> 01:12:24,300
holes, and the air smells of 
wood canvas and salt. 

1387
01:12:25,300 --> 01:12:28,900
Morning begins with the Bell, it
rings at regular intervals 

1388
01:12:28,900 --> 01:12:32,100
marking the watches that 
organized shipboard time you 

1389
01:12:32,100 --> 01:12:35,100
rise from your hammock dress in 
layers suitable for the weather 

1390
01:12:35,100 --> 01:12:37,200
and make your way to the upper 
deck. 

1391
01:12:37,200 --> 01:12:41,600
The motion of the ship is 
constant even in calm seas the 

1392
01:12:41,600 --> 01:12:44,600
Beagle shifts and rolls with the
water beneath its Hull. 

1393
01:12:44,600 --> 01:12:48,700
You learned to move with this 
Rhythm bracing yourself as you 

1394
01:12:48,700 --> 01:12:53,300
walk adjusting your balance 
without thinking Breakfast, is 

1395
01:12:53,300 --> 01:12:56,400
simple ships biscuit salted, 
meat and tea. 

1396
01:12:57,300 --> 01:13:00,500
You eat at a small table in the 
cramped, poop cabin, sometimes 

1397
01:13:00,500 --> 01:13:04,300
alone sometimes with Captain 
Fitzroy or the ships officers 

1398
01:13:04,300 --> 01:13:08,900
conversation is practical, where
the conditions the days planned 

1399
01:13:08,900 --> 01:13:12,400
route notes about Provisions. 
There is little ceremony. 

1400
01:13:12,400 --> 01:13:16,700
Only the steady continuation of 
shipboard routine, After 

1401
01:13:16,700 --> 01:13:19,000
breakfast you step out onto the 
deck. 

1402
01:13:19,000 --> 01:13:22,700
The crew is already at work. 
Ropes are checked and adjusted 

1403
01:13:22,700 --> 01:13:26,900
sales are trimmed according to 
the wind decks are scrubbed with

1404
01:13:26,908 --> 01:13:31,600
sea water and stiff brushes. 
The work is repetitive a cycle 

1405
01:13:31,600 --> 01:13:33,800
that repeats itself day after 
day. 

1406
01:13:33,800 --> 01:13:38,400
You watch the crew move with 
practice to see each man knowing

1407
01:13:38,400 --> 01:13:40,400
his tasks within needing 
instruction. 

1408
01:13:40,400 --> 01:13:46,000
Your own work begins quietly You
carry a notebook, a few glass 

1409
01:13:46,000 --> 01:13:50,000
jars and tools for collecting. 
When the ship anchors close to 

1410
01:13:50,000 --> 01:13:51,900
land, you get ready to 
disembark. 

1411
01:13:52,800 --> 01:13:56,500
On days, at Sea, You observe 
from the deck, seabirds follow 

1412
01:13:56,500 --> 01:13:59,400
the ship gliding on air 
currents, you know, their 

1413
01:13:59,400 --> 01:14:02,400
colors, their calls. 
And the way they dip toward the 

1414
01:14:02,400 --> 01:14:04,900
water. 
You sketch their forms in your 

1415
01:14:04,900 --> 01:14:09,100
notebook recording details. 
That seem small but may later 

1416
01:14:09,100 --> 01:14:13,400
proved significant. 
Ships, naturalist role is not an

1417
01:14:13,400 --> 01:14:16,200
official Naval position. 
You're a guest aboard. 

1418
01:14:16,200 --> 01:14:19,000
The Beagle invited to a company.
The voyage and make 

1419
01:14:19,000 --> 01:14:21,900
observations. 
This means you fit your work 

1420
01:14:21,900 --> 01:14:24,300
into the ship schedule rather 
than directing it. 

1421
01:14:24,300 --> 01:14:28,600
You wait for opportunities when 
the ship stops for surveying 

1422
01:14:28,600 --> 01:14:32,400
work, you explore when it sails.
You organize your notes and 

1423
01:14:32,400 --> 01:14:36,800
specimens midday brings another 
meal often it is similar to 

1424
01:14:36,808 --> 01:14:40,000
breakfast. 
Salted, pork or beef dried peas,

1425
01:14:40,000 --> 01:14:43,600
ships biscuit again. 
The food is plain and becomes 

1426
01:14:43,600 --> 01:14:47,100
familiar quickly, you eat, what 
is provided grateful for the 

1427
01:14:47,100 --> 01:14:49,800
sustenance on days? 
When fresh Provisions are 

1428
01:14:49,800 --> 01:14:54,000
available, there might be eggs 
or fruit purchased from Coastal 

1429
01:14:54,000 --> 01:14:56,600
settlements. 
These are welcome to, but not 

1430
01:14:56,600 --> 01:15:00,600
expected after noon's vary. 
Sometimes you work in your 

1431
01:15:00,608 --> 01:15:04,100
cabin, arranging specimens 
collected during recent Shore. 

1432
01:15:04,100 --> 01:15:06,600
Visits rocks are labeled and 
raped. 

1433
01:15:07,300 --> 01:15:09,300
Plants are pressed between 
sheets of paper. 

1434
01:15:09,300 --> 01:15:13,800
Small creatures are preserved in
spirits, each item requires 

1435
01:15:13,800 --> 01:15:17,700
careful handling, and notation 
you record where it was found 

1436
01:15:17,700 --> 01:15:20,500
the date. 
And any observations about the 

1437
01:15:20,500 --> 01:15:24,500
environment, this work is slow 
and requires concentration. 

1438
01:15:25,700 --> 01:15:29,600
other afternoons, you simply 
watch the ocean changes with the

1439
01:15:29,600 --> 01:15:34,800
light morning seas are one color
afternoon season other, Cloud 

1440
01:15:34,800 --> 01:15:39,700
shift across the sky. 
The Horizon remains constant a 

1441
01:15:39,700 --> 01:15:43,400
line that never approaches you 
lean against the rail and let 

1442
01:15:43,400 --> 01:15:46,100
your mind settle into the rhythm
of observation. 

1443
01:15:46,100 --> 01:15:49,000
There is no urgency only 
attention. 

1444
01:15:50,100 --> 01:15:53,300
The ship's Carpenter Works. 
Nearby mending, a section of 

1445
01:15:53,300 --> 01:15:55,800
rail. 
The sail-maker sits cross-legged

1446
01:15:55,800 --> 01:15:59,600
on decks stitching canvas. 
The cook prepares the evening 

1447
01:15:59,600 --> 01:16:02,000
meal below. 
Life aboard. 

1448
01:16:02,000 --> 01:16:05,300
The Beagle is a collection of 
individual tasks performed side 

1449
01:16:05,300 --> 01:16:08,300
by side. 
Everyone works at a steady Pace,

1450
01:16:08,300 --> 01:16:12,300
The Works simply continues. 
As after noon turns toward 

1451
01:16:12,300 --> 01:16:15,500
evening, you returned to your 
cabin, the light, through the 

1452
01:16:15,500 --> 01:16:17,500
portal, shifted to a warmer 
tone. 

1453
01:16:17,500 --> 01:16:21,400
You reveal notes from the day 
adding details, you remember. 

1454
01:16:21,400 --> 01:16:25,300
And correcting errors, your 
handwriting is small and precise

1455
01:16:25,300 --> 01:16:28,700
filling page after page of bound
journals. 

1456
01:16:29,500 --> 01:16:31,700
These records will Outlast The 
Voyage itself. 

1457
01:16:31,700 --> 01:16:35,000
But for now they are simply part
of the daily routine. 

1458
01:16:36,200 --> 01:16:40,900
Evening comes gradually, the 
crew changes watches, those who 

1459
01:16:40,900 --> 01:16:43,600
have worked through the 
afternoon, descend below deck to

1460
01:16:43,600 --> 01:16:47,600
rest others, take their places 
maintaining the ship through the

1461
01:16:47,600 --> 01:16:50,200
night. 
You eat your evening meal, which

1462
01:16:50,200 --> 01:16:54,500
is much like the others, the 
same Ness is comforting, you 

1463
01:16:54,500 --> 01:16:58,000
know what to expect. 
Before full Darkness, you spend 

1464
01:16:58,000 --> 01:17:02,500
a few more minutes on Deck, the 
air cools stars begin to appear 

1465
01:17:02,500 --> 01:17:06,700
first. 
A few, then many Ships lanterns 

1466
01:17:06,700 --> 01:17:09,400
are lit, casting small pools of 
light. 

1467
01:17:10,200 --> 01:17:14,300
You listen to the sound canvas, 
snapping in the wind ropes, 

1468
01:17:14,300 --> 01:17:16,700
creaking and water moving along 
the hull. 

1469
01:17:17,400 --> 01:17:21,300
These sounds become a kind of 
music, a backdrop to thought. 

1470
01:17:22,100 --> 01:17:24,500
You return to your cabin and 
prepare for sleep? 

1471
01:17:25,200 --> 01:17:29,000
The hammock sways with the 
ship's motion, a gentle rocking 

1472
01:17:29,000 --> 01:17:32,600
that makes rest easier tomorrow 
will bring another day, much 

1473
01:17:32,600 --> 01:17:36,900
like this one, the routine is 
Dependable, The Voyage continues

1474
01:17:36,900 --> 01:17:40,300
steady and slow across weeks 
that blend into months. 

1475
01:17:41,200 --> 01:17:43,400
A ship at Sea requires constant 
care. 

1476
01:17:44,500 --> 01:17:47,400
Beagle is a working vessel and 
its maintenance shape. 

1477
01:17:47,400 --> 01:17:50,800
The rhythm of each day, you 
watch the crew performed tasks 

1478
01:17:50,800 --> 01:17:54,600
that seems small but are 
essential Wood swells and 

1479
01:17:54,600 --> 01:18:00,300
shrinks with moisture ropes Frey
sales weaken, nothing aboard. 

1480
01:18:00,300 --> 01:18:03,500
The ship can be neglected, the 
carpenter is one of the busiest 

1481
01:18:03,500 --> 01:18:06,200
Men. 
He inspects the whole regularly 

1482
01:18:06,200 --> 01:18:10,500
looking for signs of wear or 
damage when he finds a loose 

1483
01:18:10,500 --> 01:18:13,700
plank, he secures it. 
When a joint weakens, he 

1484
01:18:13,700 --> 01:18:17,600
reinforces it. 
His work is preventive catching 

1485
01:18:17,600 --> 01:18:21,000
problems before they grow. 
You see him at his bench, 

1486
01:18:21,000 --> 01:18:24,800
planing wood fitting pieces 
together with careful precision.

1487
01:18:26,300 --> 01:18:29,200
Smell of fresh cut. 
Timber mixes with the salt are 

1488
01:18:29,200 --> 01:18:34,600
the sail-maker's work is equally
important. canvas sails endure 

1489
01:18:34,600 --> 01:18:39,000
tremendous strain, wind fills 
them, stretching the fabric 

1490
01:18:39,000 --> 01:18:43,900
tight Reigns, soaks them Sun 
bleaches and weakens the 

1491
01:18:45,300 --> 01:18:50,100
Sail-maker examined every sale 
regularly running his hands, 

1492
01:18:50,100 --> 01:18:54,300
over the surface feeling for 
thin spots when he finds damage,

1493
01:18:54,300 --> 01:18:57,000
he cuts a patch and stitches it 
into place. 

1494
01:18:57,000 --> 01:19:01,000
His needle moves in a steady 
Rhythm pulling heavy thread 

1495
01:19:01,000 --> 01:19:05,700
through layers of canvas. 
Ropes require attention to the 

1496
01:19:05,700 --> 01:19:08,700
rigging that controls the sails 
as a complex network of lines. 

1497
01:19:08,700 --> 01:19:12,900
Each with a specific purpose, 
the crew inspects these ropes 

1498
01:19:12,900 --> 01:19:16,900
daily looking for where, when a 
rope shows signs of fraying at 

1499
01:19:16,900 --> 01:19:20,400
his replacement before it fails,
spare rope is stored below deck,

1500
01:19:20,400 --> 01:19:25,600
coiled neatly ready for use The 
Bolson oversees this work, his 

1501
01:19:25,600 --> 01:19:27,300
experience guiding the crew's 
efforts. 

1502
01:19:28,300 --> 01:19:30,400
Navigation, is another ongoing 
task. 

1503
01:19:31,200 --> 01:19:34,100
Captain Fitzroy takes regular 
measurements of the ship's 

1504
01:19:34,100 --> 01:19:36,600
position using a Sextant and 
chronometer. 

1505
01:19:36,600 --> 01:19:40,800
He measures the angle of the Sun
at noon, calculates, latitude 

1506
01:19:40,800 --> 01:19:43,300
and Records. 
The information in the ship's 

1507
01:19:43,300 --> 01:19:47,500
log, these measurements across 
checked and verified accuracy 

1508
01:19:47,500 --> 01:19:51,600
matters, The difference between 
a correct position and an 

1509
01:19:51,600 --> 01:19:54,500
incorrect one can determine 
whether the ship finds Safe 

1510
01:19:54,500 --> 01:19:56,700
Harbor or dangerous. 
Reefs. 

1511
01:19:57,600 --> 01:20:01,500
Charts are consulted frequently.
The Beagle carries maps of 

1512
01:20:01,500 --> 01:20:04,700
coastlines, though, many are 
incomplete or based on early 

1513
01:20:04,700 --> 01:20:07,900
surveys. 
Part of the ship's mission is to

1514
01:20:07,900 --> 01:20:11,500
improve these charts, adding 
detail and correcting errors. 

1515
01:20:11,500 --> 01:20:15,300
This means Coastal waters are 
approached carefully with 

1516
01:20:15,300 --> 01:20:19,100
frequent depth soundings. 
A weighted line is dropped over 

1517
01:20:19,100 --> 01:20:21,600
the side, measuring the distance
to the sea floor. 

1518
01:20:21,600 --> 01:20:25,500
The crew calls out the depth. 
And the information is recorded,

1519
01:20:25,500 --> 01:20:29,700
you assist with some of the 
work, when asked you learned to 

1520
01:20:29,700 --> 01:20:32,100
read the instruments and to 
understand how position is 

1521
01:20:32,100 --> 01:20:36,000
calculated the mathematics 
involved a straightforward, but 

1522
01:20:36,000 --> 01:20:39,200
require care. 
Small error in measurement, can 

1523
01:20:39,200 --> 01:20:42,200
compound over time, you 
appreciate the discipline 

1524
01:20:42,200 --> 01:20:45,200
required in the patience to 
double check and verify before 

1525
01:20:45,200 --> 01:20:48,900
trusting a number. 
Below deck, the ship stores 

1526
01:20:48,900 --> 01:20:52,600
require management. 
Barrels of salted meter stacked 

1527
01:20:52,600 --> 01:20:56,200
in the hold. 
Sacs of dried peas, flour, and 

1528
01:20:56,200 --> 01:21:01,000
ships biscuit are arranged to 
maximize space water costs are 

1529
01:21:01,000 --> 01:21:03,800
secured against Shifting. 
The person keeps detailed 

1530
01:21:03,800 --> 01:21:06,400
records of what is consumed 
calculating. 

1531
01:21:06,400 --> 01:21:10,100
How long supplies will last? 
Rationing is standard practice. 

1532
01:21:10,100 --> 01:21:13,500
Not because Supply is scarce, 
but because the next resupply 

1533
01:21:13,500 --> 01:21:16,900
Point may be weaks away. 
Freshwater is pressure. 

1534
01:21:17,900 --> 01:21:21,400
Crew uses its sparingly washing 
is done with seawater. 

1535
01:21:21,400 --> 01:21:25,800
When possible drinking water is 
measured out carefully, rain is 

1536
01:21:25,800 --> 01:21:28,500
collected. 
When it falls channel from the 

1537
01:21:28,500 --> 01:21:31,800
sails into barrels. 
You grow a custom to use using 

1538
01:21:31,800 --> 01:21:35,100
water with intention Neville 
wasting what cannot easily be 

1539
01:21:35,100 --> 01:21:38,100
replaced. 
The cook Works in a small Galley

1540
01:21:38,100 --> 01:21:40,600
preparing meals for the entire 
crew. 

1541
01:21:41,500 --> 01:21:45,100
His stove is fired with coal and
the heated produces makes the 

1542
01:21:45,100 --> 01:21:47,500
gallery uncomfortably warm even 
in cool weather. 

1543
01:21:48,300 --> 01:21:52,500
He boils salted meat to soften 
it, soaks dried peas overnight 

1544
01:21:52,500 --> 01:21:55,900
and bake ships biscuit into 
something approaching bread. 

1545
01:21:56,800 --> 01:22:00,100
The meals, he produces a plane 
but they are regular and filling

1546
01:22:00,100 --> 01:22:02,700
every few weeks. 
The ship requires a more 

1547
01:22:02,708 --> 01:22:06,300
thorough inspection when the 
Beagle anchors in a sheltered 

1548
01:22:06,300 --> 01:22:08,200
Harbor. 
The crew takes the opportunity 

1549
01:22:08,200 --> 01:22:11,500
to careen The Vessel. 
This means tipping, it onto its 

1550
01:22:11,500 --> 01:22:13,500
side to expose the underwater 
hole. 

1551
01:22:13,500 --> 01:22:16,800
Barnacles are scraped away. 
The hull is checked for damage. 

1552
01:22:16,800 --> 01:22:21,300
If needed, repairs are made. 
This work takes several days and

1553
01:22:21,300 --> 01:22:23,900
involves the entire crew. 
It is labor intensive. 

1554
01:22:23,900 --> 01:22:27,400
But necessary, you help where 
you can though your 

1555
01:22:27,408 --> 01:22:31,300
contributions are modest. 
You pass tools, carry supplies 

1556
01:22:31,300 --> 01:22:34,900
and assist with measurements. 
The work is repetitive, but 

1557
01:22:34,900 --> 01:22:39,500
satisfying, there is a sense of 
shared, purpose of maintaining 

1558
01:22:39,500 --> 01:22:41,800
something larger than any 
individual. 

1559
01:22:43,200 --> 01:22:45,200
Ship depends on this Collective 
effort. 

1560
01:22:46,000 --> 01:22:50,300
Discipline structures, the work.
All orders are given clearly and

1561
01:22:50,300 --> 01:22:53,100
followed promptly. 
The crew knows the consequences 

1562
01:22:53,100 --> 01:22:56,400
of neglect. 
Poorly, maintained ship is a 

1563
01:22:56,400 --> 01:22:59,600
dangerous one, but the 
discipline is not harsh. 

1564
01:23:00,300 --> 01:23:04,100
It is simply the framework that 
allows 74 men to live and work 

1565
01:23:04,100 --> 01:23:07,200
together in close quarters for 
months at a time. 

1566
01:23:08,100 --> 01:23:11,900
At night, you sometimes hear the
officer of the watch making his 

1567
01:23:11,900 --> 01:23:15,100
rounds checking that all is 
secure, hatches, are fastened 

1568
01:23:15,100 --> 01:23:19,400
lanterns are positioned safely. 
The helm is manned, the ship is 

1569
01:23:19,400 --> 01:23:22,900
never left unattended. 
This vigilance continues 

1570
01:23:22,900 --> 01:23:24,900
regardless of whether or 
fatigue. 

1571
01:23:25,600 --> 01:23:29,000
It is part of the Rhythm one 
more element of the routine that

1572
01:23:29,000 --> 01:23:30,400
keeps the voyage, moving 
forward. 

1573
01:23:30,400 --> 01:23:34,200
The Beagle is not a swift ship, 
but it is a sturdy one. 

1574
01:23:34,200 --> 01:23:37,200
It was built for Coastal 
surveying and designed to handle

1575
01:23:37,200 --> 01:23:40,000
shallow Waters. 
And variable conditions, its 

1576
01:23:40,000 --> 01:23:42,400
reliability. 
Comes from careful construction 

1577
01:23:42,400 --> 01:23:46,400
and diligent maintenance you 
come to trust the ship to feel 

1578
01:23:46,400 --> 01:23:49,500
secure in its solid, Timbers and
well-tended rigging. 

1579
01:23:50,100 --> 01:23:53,900
The Voyage depends on this. 
Trust your days are filled with 

1580
01:23:53,900 --> 01:23:57,200
looks you're not searching or 
hunting for something specific 

1581
01:23:57,200 --> 01:24:01,200
but simply observing what 
appears before you the practice 

1582
01:24:01,200 --> 01:24:05,100
becomes a bit rule you wake with
the intention to notice and that

1583
01:24:05,100 --> 01:24:07,500
intention shapes how you move 
through each day. 

1584
01:24:08,600 --> 01:24:12,300
When the Beagle approaches land,
you prepare your tools, a small 

1585
01:24:12,300 --> 01:24:17,100
hammer for breaking rocks glass 
vials for specimens paper for 

1586
01:24:17,100 --> 01:24:19,700
pressing plants a notebook 
always at hand. 

1587
01:24:20,500 --> 01:24:22,900
These objects become extensions 
of your purpose. 

1588
01:24:22,900 --> 01:24:26,400
You carry them ashore when the 
ship's boats Ferry crew and 

1589
01:24:26,400 --> 01:24:30,600
supplies to the beach. 
Shoreline offers endless variety

1590
01:24:30,600 --> 01:24:35,600
Rocky Coast differs from sandy 
beaches tidal pools, contain 

1591
01:24:35,600 --> 01:24:38,000
creatures that disappear. 
When the water receives. 

1592
01:24:38,000 --> 01:24:40,500
You kneel beside these pools 
watching. 

1593
01:24:40,500 --> 01:24:42,800
Small crabs, navigate between 
Stones. 

1594
01:24:42,800 --> 01:24:47,100
Observing the patterns on shells
and noting which plants grow 

1595
01:24:47,100 --> 01:24:50,100
just above the water line in 
which tolerates submersion. 

1596
01:24:50,700 --> 01:24:55,000
Your notes accumulate slowly 
each entry is dated and located.

1597
01:24:55,000 --> 01:24:58,400
You describe what you see in. 
Plain language avoiding 

1598
01:24:58,400 --> 01:25:01,800
assumptions. 
A shells color a bird size 

1599
01:25:01,800 --> 01:25:06,600
relative to familiar species, 
The texture of a leaf. these 

1600
01:25:06,600 --> 01:25:09,600
details may seem trivial, but 
you have learned that patterns 

1601
01:25:09,600 --> 01:25:13,000
emerge from accumulated 
observations, what appears 

1602
01:25:13,000 --> 01:25:16,400
random in a single instance May 
reveal structure when examined 

1603
01:25:16,400 --> 01:25:20,500
across many examples, rocks, 
interest, you particularly you 

1604
01:25:20,500 --> 01:25:24,300
break open, samples examining 
the layers within Some show 

1605
01:25:24,300 --> 01:25:27,300
clear, stratification, 
alternating bands of different 

1606
01:25:27,300 --> 01:25:31,800
materials, others are uniform 
throughout you collect samples 

1607
01:25:31,800 --> 01:25:34,500
of each type, wraping them 
carefully, and labeling them 

1608
01:25:34,500 --> 01:25:36,200
with the location where they 
were found. 

1609
01:25:37,300 --> 01:25:41,100
Later aboard the ship, you will 
compare these samples to others 

1610
01:25:41,100 --> 01:25:44,900
collected from different sites. 
The comparison reveals something

1611
01:25:44,900 --> 01:25:49,000
rocks from distant locations 
sometimes resemble each other 

1612
01:25:49,000 --> 01:25:52,500
closely. 
This suggests common origins or 

1613
01:25:52,500 --> 01:25:56,400
similar processes of formation. 
You begin to wonder about the 

1614
01:25:56,400 --> 01:26:01,300
forces that shape Landscapes 
over time water, wind heat, and 

1615
01:26:01,300 --> 01:26:04,300
pressure. 
These forces work slowly, but 

1616
01:26:04,300 --> 01:26:08,200
there are effects accumulate. 
Coastline that appears permanent

1617
01:26:08,200 --> 01:26:11,900
is perhaps slowly changing 
wearing away grain by grain. 

1618
01:26:12,800 --> 01:26:17,700
Plant show equal complexity, you
Collective leaves flowers and 

1619
01:26:17,700 --> 01:26:20,400
seeds. 
You press the carefully between 

1620
01:26:20,400 --> 01:26:23,900
sheets of paper applying weight 
to flatten them without 

1621
01:26:23,900 --> 01:26:26,800
crushing. 
Once dried, the specimens can be

1622
01:26:26,800 --> 01:26:30,100
studied in definitely You know, 
where each plant grew. 

1623
01:26:30,100 --> 01:26:34,000
Was it near water? 
Did it grow in shade or full sun

1624
01:26:34,000 --> 01:26:38,200
among other plants or isolated? 
These details help. 

1625
01:26:38,200 --> 01:26:42,100
You understand what conditions, 
each species requires animals. 

1626
01:26:42,100 --> 01:26:45,500
Are harder to observe many move 
quickly or hide when you 

1627
01:26:45,500 --> 01:26:48,100
approach. 
You watch from a distance when 

1628
01:26:48,100 --> 01:26:51,300
possible using patients rather 
than Pursuit. 

1629
01:26:52,200 --> 01:26:54,900
Seabirds nesting on cliffs. 
Ignore your presence. 

1630
01:26:54,900 --> 01:26:56,600
Once they become accustomed to 
it. 

1631
01:26:57,300 --> 01:27:01,000
You sit quietly and watch them 
feed their young noting the 

1632
01:27:01,000 --> 01:27:05,700
frequency of feeding, the types 
of food brought and the behavior

1633
01:27:05,700 --> 01:27:08,400
of the chicks, insects are 
everywhere. 

1634
01:27:08,400 --> 01:27:12,200
Even on remote Islands, you 
collect them carefully 

1635
01:27:12,200 --> 01:27:16,300
preserving them in small vials. 
Their diversity is astonishing 

1636
01:27:16,300 --> 01:27:20,300
different species, occupy 
different niches some feed on 

1637
01:27:20,300 --> 01:27:24,300
particular plants, others. 
Prey on other insects, the 

1638
01:27:24,300 --> 01:27:28,300
relationships between species 
are intricate each one adapted 

1639
01:27:28,300 --> 01:27:31,800
to its specific role. 
You begin to notice patterns in 

1640
01:27:31,800 --> 01:27:35,900
these adaptations Island species
sometimes differ from Mainland 

1641
01:27:35,900 --> 01:27:40,700
species in subtle ways, size 
varies, coloration shifts, 

1642
01:27:40,700 --> 01:27:45,000
Behavior changes. 
These differences are small, but

1643
01:27:45,000 --> 01:27:48,000
they are consistent. 
You record them without yet. 

1644
01:27:48,000 --> 01:27:49,600
Understanding their 
significance. 

1645
01:27:50,600 --> 01:27:54,000
The patterns are there. 
Waiting for interpretation your 

1646
01:27:54,000 --> 01:27:56,900
geological observations, 
accumulate, alongside the 

1647
01:27:56,900 --> 01:28:00,500
biological ones. 
You notice fossils embedded in 

1648
01:28:00,500 --> 01:28:04,000
rock layers, remnants of 
creatures that no longer exist, 

1649
01:28:04,900 --> 01:28:07,500
These fossils are sometimes 
similar to living species, 

1650
01:28:07,500 --> 01:28:11,100
sometimes quite different their 
presence in rocks, are just 

1651
01:28:11,100 --> 01:28:15,400
great age time, measured on 
scales Beyond Human Experience. 

1652
01:28:15,400 --> 01:28:18,500
You think about these things 
during the long hours at Sea, 

1653
01:28:18,500 --> 01:28:22,100
the ship moves slowly across the
ocean and there is time for 

1654
01:28:22,100 --> 01:28:26,400
reflection you review your notes
looking for connections, you 

1655
01:28:26,400 --> 01:28:30,400
sketch, diagrams, trying to 
visualize relationships, The 

1656
01:28:30,400 --> 01:28:32,500
work is tentative and 
exploratory. 

1657
01:28:32,500 --> 01:28:36,100
You're not reaching conclusions.
Only Gathering evidence. 

1658
01:28:37,300 --> 01:28:39,900
Captain Fitzroy, sometimes asks 
about your findings. 

1659
01:28:39,900 --> 01:28:44,100
You share, what you've observed,
describing, specimens and 

1660
01:28:44,100 --> 01:28:47,100
locations. 
The conversations are cordial 

1661
01:28:47,100 --> 01:28:52,300
but brief Fitzroy's interest is 
genuine though is own work 

1662
01:28:52,300 --> 01:28:56,200
focuses on charts and 
navigation, the ship values. 

1663
01:28:56,200 --> 01:28:59,400
Your observations, even though 
they are supplementary to its 

1664
01:28:59,400 --> 01:29:02,500
primary mission. 
Other crew members occasionally,

1665
01:29:02,500 --> 01:29:06,500
bring you specimens a sailor 
finds an unusual shell on the 

1666
01:29:06,508 --> 01:29:08,300
beach and carries it back to the
ship. 

1667
01:29:09,200 --> 01:29:12,100
The shook discovers a strange 
insect in the provision's. 

1668
01:29:12,100 --> 01:29:15,200
You accept these offerings 
greatly, adding them to your 

1669
01:29:15,208 --> 01:29:17,800
collection. 
The cruise participation 

1670
01:29:17,800 --> 01:29:20,900
broadens. 
What you can observe, extending 

1671
01:29:20,900 --> 01:29:25,200
your reach beyond your efforts. 
In the evenings, you organize 

1672
01:29:25,200 --> 01:29:29,700
the days collections. 
Eastman is examined described 

1673
01:29:29,700 --> 01:29:33,100
and stored. 
The work is meticulous and 

1674
01:29:33,100 --> 01:29:35,500
time-consuming. 
You cannot rush. 

1675
01:29:35,500 --> 01:29:38,500
It accuracy matters more than 
speed. 

1676
01:29:39,500 --> 01:29:42,600
As some in poorly preserved or 
incorrectly labeled loses. 

1677
01:29:42,600 --> 01:29:46,400
Much of its value you take care 
working by Lamplight until 

1678
01:29:46,400 --> 01:29:50,000
fatigue forces you to stop. 
The Collection grows, steadily 

1679
01:29:50,000 --> 01:29:54,500
boxes filled with rocks bottles 
line, the shelves of your cabin,

1680
01:29:54,500 --> 01:29:58,600
pressed plants, accumulate in 
portfolios, this physical 

1681
01:29:58,600 --> 01:30:02,400
accumulation, represents months 
of patient observation and 

1682
01:30:02,400 --> 01:30:04,900
countless hours. 
Spent looking closely at the 

1683
01:30:04,900 --> 01:30:07,800
natural world. 
Specialist will eventually 

1684
01:30:07,800 --> 01:30:11,500
return the collection to England
for examination but for now, 

1685
01:30:11,500 --> 01:30:14,100
it's simply forms part of your 
daily routine. 

1686
01:30:15,100 --> 01:30:19,000
The work itself, brings you 
satisfaction the process of 

1687
01:30:19,000 --> 01:30:21,500
observing recording, and 
organizing brings you 

1688
01:30:21,508 --> 01:30:24,700
satisfaction. 
There is a calm to it. 

1689
01:30:25,500 --> 01:30:28,800
A sense of purpose that does not
require dramatic Discovery. 

1690
01:30:28,800 --> 01:30:32,500
Each day adds a little more to 
the accumulation of knowledge. 

1691
01:30:32,500 --> 01:30:36,300
Each observation contributes 
significantly to the larger 

1692
01:30:36,300 --> 01:30:38,900
puzzle. 
It's not necessary to view the 

1693
01:30:38,908 --> 01:30:41,500
entire picture to appreciate the
individual pieces. 

1694
01:30:41,500 --> 01:30:44,900
The Voyages long and rest 
becomes, its kind of practice. 

1695
01:30:45,800 --> 01:30:49,000
This is not the dramatic 
exhaustion of a crisis but 

1696
01:30:49,000 --> 01:30:52,100
rather the steady fatigue that 
builds up over weeks and months 

1697
01:30:52,100 --> 01:30:55,800
of ship life. 
You learn to rest in stages in 

1698
01:30:55,800 --> 01:30:59,300
moments, stolen between tasks 
and in the regular intervals 

1699
01:30:59,300 --> 01:31:02,900
built into each day schedule. 
Between landfalls the ship 

1700
01:31:02,900 --> 01:31:05,900
settles into its sailing Rhythm 
days pass. 

1701
01:31:05,900 --> 01:31:10,000
Without significant events, The 
Horizon remains empty, the wind 

1702
01:31:10,000 --> 01:31:14,100
blows steadily or not at all. 
During these stretches, the 

1703
01:31:14,100 --> 01:31:17,800
cruise energy, shifts work 
continues, but at a measured 

1704
01:31:17,800 --> 01:31:22,200
Pace, there is no urgency only 
the slow movement toward the 

1705
01:31:22,200 --> 01:31:25,600
next destination. 
You spend these quiet days below

1706
01:31:25,600 --> 01:31:28,100
deck. 
More often, your cabin become a 

1707
01:31:28,100 --> 01:31:31,200
refuge. 
The space is small, but it is 

1708
01:31:31,200 --> 01:31:33,700
yours. 
You arrange it to suit your 

1709
01:31:33,700 --> 01:31:36,600
needs. 
Books are stacked Within Reach. 

1710
01:31:37,400 --> 01:31:39,900
Specimens are organized on 
makeshift shells. 

1711
01:31:39,900 --> 01:31:43,700
The hammock hangs at a height 
that allows you to sit on a low 

1712
01:31:43,700 --> 01:31:48,300
stool and right at the small 
fold down desk, light filters 

1713
01:31:48,300 --> 01:31:51,800
through the portal, creating a 
small, circle of Illumination, 

1714
01:31:51,800 --> 01:31:54,600
that moves across the cabin as 
the day progresses. 

1715
01:31:55,400 --> 01:31:58,400
You follow this light 
positioning your work, to take 

1716
01:31:58,400 --> 01:32:02,000
advantage of it. 
When the light Fades, you light 

1717
01:32:02,000 --> 01:32:04,800
a Lampe though, you try to 
conserve oil. 

1718
01:32:06,300 --> 01:32:10,100
The lamps flame, flickers with 
the ship's motion, casting 

1719
01:32:10,100 --> 01:32:12,200
shifting Shadows on the wooden 
walls. 

1720
01:32:13,300 --> 01:32:15,600
Rest comes in unexpected 
moments. 

1721
01:32:16,700 --> 01:32:19,200
You sit with a book but find 
your eyes growing heavy. 

1722
01:32:20,200 --> 01:32:23,800
Text blurs. 
You set the book aside, and 

1723
01:32:23,800 --> 01:32:26,700
close your eyes, letting the 
ships motion, rock you into a 

1724
01:32:26,708 --> 01:32:30,500
brief sleep, 20 minutes later, 
you wake refreshed. 

1725
01:32:31,500 --> 01:32:35,500
These short rests punctuate your
days small pauses that prevent 

1726
01:32:35,500 --> 01:32:38,700
deeper fatigue from 
accumulating, the crew has its 

1727
01:32:38,700 --> 01:32:41,700
rest with themselves, men off, 
watch gather below deck. 

1728
01:32:41,700 --> 01:32:44,400
Some sleeping others, playing 
cards, or mending clothes. 

1729
01:32:44,400 --> 01:32:48,000
Conversation is quiet and 
respectful of those, trying to 

1730
01:32:48,000 --> 01:32:50,200
rest. 
The ship's Bell marks the 

1731
01:32:50,200 --> 01:32:53,900
passage of time, but between 
these regular signals hours 

1732
01:32:53,900 --> 01:32:57,900
drift by without urgency. 
Seasickness when it comes 

1733
01:32:57,900 --> 01:33:02,300
demands, its kind of rest. 
The motion that becomes 

1734
01:33:02,300 --> 01:33:05,600
familiar. 
Can sometimes overwhelm you lie 

1735
01:33:05,600 --> 01:33:08,500
in your hammock eyes closed 
breathing slowly? 

1736
01:33:09,300 --> 01:33:11,100
The discomfort passes 
eventually. 

1737
01:33:11,900 --> 01:33:15,100
You learn to recognize the early
signs and to rest before the 

1738
01:33:15,100 --> 01:33:19,000
sickness becomes severe. 
Ginger, when available helps. 

1739
01:33:19,600 --> 01:33:23,600
Fresh air on Deck helps more. 
But sometimes, the only remedy 

1740
01:33:23,600 --> 01:33:27,700
is stillness and patience 
recovery follows its schedule. 

1741
01:33:27,700 --> 01:33:31,400
After a period of illness or 
particular fatigue, you need 

1742
01:33:31,408 --> 01:33:36,500
extra rest, you sleep longer, 
you work, less the ship 

1743
01:33:36,500 --> 01:33:39,200
tolerates. 
This there is no pressure to 

1744
01:33:39,208 --> 01:33:43,000
maintain a constant pace. 
The Voyage is too long for 

1745
01:33:43,000 --> 01:33:46,200
unsustainable effort. 
Everyone aboard understands the 

1746
01:33:46,200 --> 01:33:49,300
need for recovery time. 
Sure visits provided a different

1747
01:33:49,308 --> 01:33:52,900
kind of rest. 
After weeks, at Sea, Solid, 

1748
01:33:52,900 --> 01:33:54,900
Ground feel strange Beneath Your
Feet. 

1749
01:33:54,900 --> 01:33:59,300
The Earth does not move and your
body accustomed to compensating 

1750
01:33:59,300 --> 01:34:02,700
for the ship's motion initially 
struggles with stability. 

1751
01:34:03,600 --> 01:34:07,200
You walk on land with careful 
steps, your balance, slowly, 

1752
01:34:07,200 --> 01:34:10,800
re-adjusting. 
Onshore, you sometimes find 

1753
01:34:10,800 --> 01:34:12,900
places to sit and simply be 
still. 

1754
01:34:13,700 --> 01:34:16,500
You may find a Flat Rock. 
That provides a stunning view of

1755
01:34:16,500 --> 01:34:20,100
the water, a grassy area. 
Nestled beneath, the tree can 

1756
01:34:20,100 --> 01:34:22,200
also serve as a peaceful spot to
relax. 

1757
01:34:23,500 --> 01:34:26,200
These moments of Stillness on 
land are precious. 

1758
01:34:26,200 --> 01:34:32,300
The sounds are different here. 
Birdsong instead of rigging win 

1759
01:34:32,300 --> 01:34:34,300
through leaves instead of 
through canvas. 

1760
01:34:35,200 --> 01:34:38,800
He close your eyes and listen, 
storing the memory, for the next

1761
01:34:38,800 --> 01:34:42,200
stretch at sea. 
Returning to the ship after 

1762
01:34:42,200 --> 01:34:43,800
days. 
Ashore requires another 

1763
01:34:43,800 --> 01:34:46,700
adjustment. 
First night, back in your 

1764
01:34:46,700 --> 01:34:50,400
hammock, the motion seems 
pronounced again, you sway with 

1765
01:34:50,400 --> 01:34:52,800
the ship, your body, relearning 
the Rhythm. 

1766
01:34:54,000 --> 01:34:58,200
Second night, it feels normal 
once more. this cycle of 

1767
01:34:58,200 --> 01:35:02,200
adjustment and Readjustment 
becomes familiar sleep at Sea is

1768
01:35:02,200 --> 01:35:05,700
usually interrupted the watch 
bell rings, every four hours 

1769
01:35:05,700 --> 01:35:10,200
footstep sound on the deck above
The ship's motion changes with 

1770
01:35:10,200 --> 01:35:13,900
shifting winds, you learn to 
sleep through, most disturbances

1771
01:35:13,900 --> 01:35:18,400
waking only when something, 
truly unusual, occurs, this 

1772
01:35:18,400 --> 01:35:20,100
light. 
Sleep is restorative enough. 

1773
01:35:20,100 --> 01:35:23,600
Your body adapts. 
Some nights are calmer than 

1774
01:35:23,608 --> 01:35:25,800
others. 
When the sea is smooth and the 

1775
01:35:25,808 --> 01:35:29,200
wind steady, the ship, barely 
rocks these nights allowed 

1776
01:35:29,200 --> 01:35:33,100
deeper rest, You wake feeling 
genuinely refreshed. 

1777
01:35:33,100 --> 01:35:36,700
Ready for whatever the Day 
brings, you treasure these 

1778
01:35:36,700 --> 01:35:40,900
nights knowing they are not 
guaranteed on rougher Knights, 

1779
01:35:40,900 --> 01:35:45,800
rest comes and fragments. 
You doze wake and doze again. 

1780
01:35:46,800 --> 01:35:50,100
The hammock sways, more 
dramatically objects shift in 

1781
01:35:50,100 --> 01:35:54,400
the cabin, you hear the crew, 
working above adjusting sales to

1782
01:35:54,400 --> 01:35:58,100
manage the conditions. 
You do not worry, the ship is 

1783
01:35:58,100 --> 01:36:01,200
well handled and rough, seas are
part of the voyage. 

1784
01:36:01,800 --> 01:36:06,400
You simply rest as best. 
You can midday often brings a 

1785
01:36:06,400 --> 01:36:10,000
quiet period after the noon meal
when the sun is high and the 

1786
01:36:10,000 --> 01:36:12,900
days workers settled into 
routine you find yourself 

1787
01:36:12,900 --> 01:36:16,100
growing drowsy. 
Sometimes you surrender to this 

1788
01:36:16,100 --> 01:36:18,800
feeling returning to your cabin 
for a short rest. 

1789
01:36:19,700 --> 01:36:23,400
Other times you fight it. 
Preferring to use the daylight 

1790
01:36:23,400 --> 01:36:27,200
for observation. 
Both choices are acceptable, The

1791
01:36:27,200 --> 01:36:29,700
Voyage is long enough to 
accommodate either approach. 

1792
01:36:29,700 --> 01:36:33,400
You notice that rest and 
observation are not opposites 

1793
01:36:33,400 --> 01:36:37,200
but companions when you are well
rested, your observations are 

1794
01:36:37,208 --> 01:36:40,900
sharpener. you notice details, 
you might otherwise Miss 

1795
01:36:41,800 --> 01:36:45,200
Converse Leigh after intense 
periods of observation and 

1796
01:36:45,200 --> 01:36:47,800
collection. 
Rest becomes necessary. 

1797
01:36:48,600 --> 01:36:52,500
Your mind needs time to process,
what you've seen to consolidate 

1798
01:36:52,500 --> 01:36:56,600
memories and insights. 
The rhythm of rest, of all the 

1799
01:36:56,600 --> 01:37:00,200
Beagle is not dramatic. 
It does not involve collapse and

1800
01:37:00,200 --> 01:37:02,600
recovery. 
But rather gentle waves of 

1801
01:37:02,600 --> 01:37:05,400
energy and fatigue, that 
alternate throughout each day 

1802
01:37:05,400 --> 01:37:08,700
and week. 
You ride these waves working 

1803
01:37:08,700 --> 01:37:11,400
when energy is available and 
resting when it is not. 

1804
01:37:12,300 --> 01:37:15,800
Sustainable designed for the 
long duration of the voyage 

1805
01:37:15,800 --> 01:37:19,700
eating aboard, the Beagle 
follows a strict schedule three 

1806
01:37:19,700 --> 01:37:22,500
meals per day served consistent 
times. 

1807
01:37:22,500 --> 01:37:24,700
The predictability is 
comforting. 

1808
01:37:24,700 --> 01:37:28,600
You know when to expect food and
your body adjusts to the Rhythm 

1809
01:37:29,600 --> 01:37:32,600
Hunger arrives on schedule. 
A meal satisfy. 

1810
01:37:32,600 --> 01:37:35,900
It reliably. 
Ships biscuit forms, the 

1811
01:37:35,900 --> 01:37:40,300
foundation of the diet. 
These hard dry crackers of baked

1812
01:37:40,300 --> 01:37:43,600
before the voyage begins and 
designed to last for months 

1813
01:37:43,600 --> 01:37:47,200
without spoiling. 
Their plane nearly tasteless, 

1814
01:37:47,200 --> 01:37:50,200
but substantial. 
You learn to soften the them in 

1815
01:37:50,208 --> 01:37:52,500
tea or coffee. 
Making them easier to chew. 

1816
01:37:52,500 --> 01:37:56,700
Sometimes they contain weevils, 
small insects that have burrowed

1817
01:37:56,700 --> 01:38:00,800
into the flour before baking. 
You learned to tap the biscuit 

1818
01:38:00,800 --> 01:38:05,100
against the table, dislodging 
the Weaver's before eating This 

1819
01:38:05,100 --> 01:38:09,300
routine becomes automatic. 
Salted meat is served regularly.

1820
01:38:10,300 --> 01:38:13,600
Pork and Beef preserved in 
barrels of brine. 

1821
01:38:13,600 --> 01:38:17,900
The salt draws out moisture 
preventing Decay, but it also 

1822
01:38:17,900 --> 01:38:20,000
makes the meat, tough and 
intensity salty. 

1823
01:38:21,000 --> 01:38:24,300
The cook boils it for hours to 
make it palatable even. 

1824
01:38:24,300 --> 01:38:27,800
So it retains a strong flavor 
that dominates whatever else is 

1825
01:38:27,800 --> 01:38:30,800
on the plate. 
You grow accustomed to it, as 

1826
01:38:30,800 --> 01:38:34,000
everyone aboard does. 
Dried peas, are soaked 

1827
01:38:34,000 --> 01:38:36,100
overnight, and then boiled into 
a thick soup. 

1828
01:38:36,800 --> 01:38:38,700
This provides variety of 
nutrition. 

1829
01:38:39,600 --> 01:38:43,200
The peas are plain but they are 
filling an easier to digest than

1830
01:38:43,200 --> 01:38:46,400
the Salted meat. 
Sometimes the cook add small 

1831
01:38:46,400 --> 01:38:48,000
amounts of onion or other 
vegetables. 

1832
01:38:48,000 --> 01:38:50,900
When fresh supplies are 
available, these additions are 

1833
01:38:50,900 --> 01:38:55,200
rare and brief. 
Fresh food is a luxury when the 

1834
01:38:55,200 --> 01:38:57,500
ship stops at a pork or Coastal 
settlement. 

1835
01:38:57,500 --> 01:39:01,400
Provisions are purchased, if 
available Provisions include 

1836
01:39:01,400 --> 01:39:05,700
items, such as eggs, fruit 
vegetables, and fresh bread. 

1837
01:39:06,400 --> 01:39:09,100
These items transform the meals 
temporarily. 

1838
01:39:10,000 --> 01:39:13,000
Save the taste of an orange in 
the crisp texture of a fresh 

1839
01:39:13,008 --> 01:39:16,800
carrot, but Fresh Foods spoils 
quickly in the ship's warm hold.

1840
01:39:16,800 --> 01:39:21,600
So these Pleasures are fleeting 
water is rationed carefully as 

1841
01:39:21,600 --> 01:39:24,900
discussed earlier. 
Each person receives a daily 

1842
01:39:24,900 --> 01:39:27,500
allowance. 
You use it for drinking and 

1843
01:39:27,500 --> 01:39:31,400
sparingly for washing. 
The water has a stale taste 

1844
01:39:31,400 --> 01:39:34,000
after weeks in the barrel, but 
you learned to ignore this 

1845
01:39:34,000 --> 01:39:37,400
thirst is a more powerful 
motivator than preference. 

1846
01:39:38,300 --> 01:39:40,100
Tea and coffee are available 
daily. 

1847
01:39:41,000 --> 01:39:44,500
The cook prepares large pots of 
each sweetened with sugar. 

1848
01:39:44,500 --> 01:39:48,800
When supplies allow these hot 
drinks are welcome in cool 

1849
01:39:48,800 --> 01:39:52,100
weather or rough Seas. 
You develop a preference for tea

1850
01:39:52,100 --> 01:39:54,400
in the morning and coffee in the
afternoon though. 

1851
01:39:54,400 --> 01:39:58,100
Both are drunk, black and strong
rum is issued to the crew in 

1852
01:39:58,100 --> 01:40:01,500
small measures. 
This is a naval tradition meant 

1853
01:40:01,500 --> 01:40:04,900
to boost morale and provide a 
brief respite from routine. 

1854
01:40:04,900 --> 01:40:07,500
You receive a portion as well 
though. 

1855
01:40:07,500 --> 01:40:10,600
You often decline it, the 
effects of alcohol are more 

1856
01:40:10,608 --> 01:40:13,900
pronounced aboard, a moving ship
and you prefer to keep your mind

1857
01:40:13,900 --> 01:40:15,800
clear for observation and 
note-taking. 

1858
01:40:16,800 --> 01:40:20,700
Meals are eaten in shifts 
officers, eat in the poop cabin,

1859
01:40:20,700 --> 01:40:24,500
crew members are below deck. 
You usually eat with the 

1860
01:40:24,500 --> 01:40:26,900
office's, though. 
The atmosphere is informal. 

1861
01:40:28,500 --> 01:40:31,000
Conversation centers, on 
practical matters. 

1862
01:40:31,000 --> 01:40:36,100
The days progress where the 
prediction planes are being made

1863
01:40:36,100 --> 01:40:39,900
for the next landfall. 
There is little ceremony, only 

1864
01:40:39,900 --> 01:40:43,100
the efficient consumption of 
food before returning to work. 

1865
01:40:44,100 --> 01:40:46,900
The monotony of the diet becomes
a kind of comfort. 

1866
01:40:46,900 --> 01:40:51,800
You know what to expect and the 
familiarity reduces one source 

1867
01:40:51,800 --> 01:40:55,500
of uncertainty in a voyage 
filled with variables. 

1868
01:40:56,400 --> 01:40:59,300
Food is not exciting, but it is 
sufficient. 

1869
01:40:59,300 --> 01:41:03,300
It sustains you day after day, 
month after month. 

1870
01:41:04,200 --> 01:41:06,200
Health concerns, arise 
occasionally. 

1871
01:41:07,200 --> 01:41:09,900
Scurvy caused by a lack of 
fresh, vegetables. 

1872
01:41:09,900 --> 01:41:13,000
And fruit is a known Danger on 
Long voyages. 

1873
01:41:14,000 --> 01:41:17,100
The ship surgeon monitors. 
The crew for early signs 

1874
01:41:17,100 --> 01:41:21,000
bleeding gums, fatigue and 
bruising when fresh Provisions 

1875
01:41:21,000 --> 01:41:22,600
are available. 
They are consumed. 

1876
01:41:22,600 --> 01:41:27,100
Eagerly not just for Taste but 
for their protective effect you 

1877
01:41:27,100 --> 01:41:30,500
experience occasional digestive 
troubles as most aboard, do 

1878
01:41:31,300 --> 01:41:34,700
Salted, meat and ship's biscuits
can cause discomfort to your 

1879
01:41:34,700 --> 01:41:39,300
stomach. ship's motion can 
worsen these issues you learn, 

1880
01:41:39,300 --> 01:41:42,300
which food sit better and which 
to avoid when feeling unsettled,

1881
01:41:43,200 --> 01:41:47,000
Surgeon provides simple remedies
when needed though, often time 

1882
01:41:47,000 --> 01:41:48,700
and rest are the only real 
cures. 

1883
01:41:50,000 --> 01:41:54,200
Minor injuries are common. 
Splinters from rough wood, small

1884
01:41:54,200 --> 01:41:57,000
cuts and rope Burns. 
A common injuries. 

1885
01:41:57,000 --> 01:42:01,000
The surgeon treats these 
efficiently cleanliness is 

1886
01:42:01,000 --> 01:42:03,800
important though. 
Limited water makes thorough 

1887
01:42:03,800 --> 01:42:06,400
washing difficult wounds 
abandoned. 

1888
01:42:06,400 --> 01:42:10,000
Monitored for infection and 
generally heal without 

1889
01:42:10,000 --> 01:42:14,400
complication. more serious 
illness is rare, but concerning 

1890
01:42:15,200 --> 01:42:19,500
When fever strikes, the affected
person is isolated as much as 

1891
01:42:19,500 --> 01:42:21,400
the ship's cramped quarters 
allow. 

1892
01:42:22,300 --> 01:42:28,000
Rest water and time of the 
primary treatments, the surgeon 

1893
01:42:28,000 --> 01:42:30,400
has some medicines but their 
effectiveness is limited. 

1894
01:42:30,400 --> 01:42:33,300
Most illnesses. 
Simply need to progress, 

1895
01:42:33,300 --> 01:42:36,400
naturally, you maintain your 
health through routine 

1896
01:42:36,400 --> 01:42:41,000
regularly, adequate food, and 
fresh air on Deck when possible 

1897
01:42:41,000 --> 01:42:45,900
you avoid excess. you listen to 
your body signals resting, when 

1898
01:42:45,900 --> 01:42:49,800
tired and eating, when hungry 
This attentiveness prevents 

1899
01:42:49,800 --> 01:42:51,800
small issues from becoming 
larger ones. 

1900
01:42:52,700 --> 01:42:56,600
Physical activity is limited but
important walking, the deck 

1901
01:42:56,600 --> 01:43:00,300
provides exercise. 
Occasional Shore, visits allow 

1902
01:43:00,300 --> 01:43:03,700
for more vigorous movement. 
He climb Hills walk along 

1903
01:43:03,700 --> 01:43:08,300
beaches and explore Inland when 
time permits, These periods of 

1904
01:43:08,308 --> 01:43:11,500
activity balance, the long hours
of city and studying. 

1905
01:43:12,500 --> 01:43:15,700
Ships routine supports Health 
through its very regularity 

1906
01:43:15,700 --> 01:43:20,300
meals at consistent time, 
everyone respects the Sleep 

1907
01:43:20,300 --> 01:43:23,300
periods work. 
Distributed across the day. 

1908
01:43:23,300 --> 01:43:25,400
This structure creates 
stability. 

1909
01:43:25,400 --> 01:43:29,200
That helps, everyone aboard, 
maintain physical, and mental 

1910
01:43:29,200 --> 01:43:30,800
well-being, through the long 
Voyage. 

1911
01:43:30,800 --> 01:43:34,400
You become aware of the 
relationship between food rest 

1912
01:43:34,400 --> 01:43:37,400
and work. 
When you eat well and sleep, 

1913
01:43:37,400 --> 01:43:41,500
adequately your observations are
sharper, and your notes are more

1914
01:43:41,500 --> 01:43:44,200
detailed. 
When fatigue accumulates or 

1915
01:43:44,200 --> 01:43:48,700
meals are particularly poor, 
your work suffers, you learn to 

1916
01:43:48,700 --> 01:43:52,300
manage these variables as best 
you can accepting what you 

1917
01:43:52,300 --> 01:43:55,100
cannot control. 
You become accustomed to the 

1918
01:43:55,100 --> 01:43:57,200
rhythm of eating resting and 
working. 

1919
01:43:57,200 --> 01:44:04,900
You wake eat work, eat rest 
work, eat and sleep. 

1920
01:44:06,200 --> 01:44:09,300
Pattern repeats with variations 
but maintains its basic 

1921
01:44:09,300 --> 01:44:12,700
structure. 
This regularity is part of what 

1922
01:44:12,700 --> 01:44:16,700
makes the long voyage endurable.
the routine provides a framework

1923
01:44:16,700 --> 01:44:21,200
within which life continues day 
after day, across months and 

1924
01:44:21,200 --> 01:44:26,700
years as daylight Fades, the 
ship's atmosphere changes The 

1925
01:44:26,700 --> 01:44:31,700
pace of work slows crew members 
complete their final tasks 

1926
01:44:31,700 --> 01:44:36,200
before the evening watch begins.
You feel this shift as a subtle 

1927
01:44:36,200 --> 01:44:38,500
relaxation. 
A collective, exhale. 

1928
01:44:38,500 --> 01:44:42,500
As another day at Sea draws 
towards its close, you descend 

1929
01:44:42,500 --> 01:44:45,300
your cabin while a little light.
Still enters through the port 

1930
01:44:45,300 --> 01:44:48,100
hole. 
The space is familiar now, every

1931
01:44:48,100 --> 01:44:51,500
object in his place. 
Your notebooks are stacked on 

1932
01:44:51,500 --> 01:44:54,300
the small desk. 
Some in jars line. 

1933
01:44:54,300 --> 01:44:57,200
The makeshift shelf. 
The hammock hangs ready for the 

1934
01:44:57,200 --> 01:44:59,700
night ahead. 
You like your lamp adjusting the

1935
01:44:59,700 --> 01:45:02,200
wick to produce steady even 
light. 

1936
01:45:02,900 --> 01:45:05,700
Evening as your time for 
writing, you open your current 

1937
01:45:05,700 --> 01:45:08,600
notebook and review the days 
rough notes scribbled quickly 

1938
01:45:08,600 --> 01:45:11,700
during observations. 
Now you transfer these notes 

1939
01:45:11,700 --> 01:45:15,100
into a more permanent form 
expanding abbreviations, 

1940
01:45:15,100 --> 01:45:18,000
clarifying descriptions and 
adding details. 

1941
01:45:18,000 --> 01:45:20,300
You remember but did not have 
time to record earlier. 

1942
01:45:21,100 --> 01:45:24,500
Your handwriting is small and 
precise, each word carefully 

1943
01:45:24,500 --> 01:45:28,000
formed. 
This is partly to conserve paper

1944
01:45:28,000 --> 01:45:31,100
which is limited, but also a 
matter of habit. 

1945
01:45:32,000 --> 01:45:35,700
Clear writing AIDS. 
Clear thinking you describe what

1946
01:45:35,700 --> 01:45:39,800
you saw, where you saw it and 
what condition surrounded it. 

1947
01:45:39,800 --> 01:45:43,400
The act of writing helps you 
remember embedding the 

1948
01:45:43,400 --> 01:45:46,200
observations. 
More firmly in memory some 

1949
01:45:46,200 --> 01:45:50,200
evening's, you work on sketches,
your artistic skill is modest 

1950
01:45:50,200 --> 01:45:53,500
but drawing's capture 
information that words cannot 

1951
01:45:54,500 --> 01:45:58,300
Capture the shape of a shell, 
the pattern on a leaf and the 

1952
01:45:58,300 --> 01:46:00,800
structure of a rock formation 
through your drawing. 

1953
01:46:01,900 --> 01:46:07,000
You drool with simple tools 
pencil occasionally ink and 

1954
01:46:07,000 --> 01:46:10,000
sometimes colored pencils. 
When you need to record specific

1955
01:46:10,000 --> 01:46:13,100
Hues, the drawings are 
functional rather than 

1956
01:46:13,100 --> 01:46:15,200
beautiful, but they serve their 
purpose. 

1957
01:46:16,100 --> 01:46:19,900
Other evenings, you organize, 
specimens rocks, are sorted by 

1958
01:46:19,900 --> 01:46:23,000
type and origin. 
Plant samples, are checked to 

1959
01:46:23,000 --> 01:46:27,000
ensure they are drying properly.
Preserved creatures in jars are 

1960
01:46:27,000 --> 01:46:29,500
examined for any signs of 
deterioration. 

1961
01:46:30,300 --> 01:46:32,200
This maintenance work is 
essential. 

1962
01:46:33,000 --> 01:46:35,800
Collection is only valuable if 
it is properly curated. 

1963
01:46:36,700 --> 01:46:40,500
You sometimes read during these 
evening hours, the ship carries 

1964
01:46:40,500 --> 01:46:43,200
a small library books, shared 
among the office. 

1965
01:46:43,200 --> 01:46:47,900
As you borrow volumes on geology
natural history, and travel 

1966
01:46:47,900 --> 01:46:52,500
narratives reading, expand your 
understanding, providing context

1967
01:46:52,500 --> 01:46:54,900
for What You observe. 
You take notes. 

1968
01:46:54,900 --> 01:46:58,800
As you read, marking passages, 
that seem particularly relevant.

1969
01:46:59,900 --> 01:47:03,400
Cabin is quiet except for small.
Sounds water. 

1970
01:47:03,400 --> 01:47:06,000
Moving along the hull, just 
beyond the wooden planks. 

1971
01:47:06,900 --> 01:47:10,800
Footsteps on the deck above? 
The ship creaks as it flexes 

1972
01:47:10,800 --> 01:47:13,600
with the ways. 
These sounds are constant. 

1973
01:47:13,600 --> 01:47:18,500
A backdrop to your evening work.
They do not disturb you, they 

1974
01:47:18,500 --> 01:47:20,100
are simply part of the 
environment. 

1975
01:47:21,100 --> 01:47:24,000
Occasionally you hear voices 
from the cruise quarters nearby 

1976
01:47:24,000 --> 01:47:27,400
low conversation sometimes 
laughter? 

1977
01:47:28,200 --> 01:47:31,900
The crew spends their evenings 
much as you do occupied with 

1978
01:47:31,900 --> 01:47:34,600
small tasks or simple 
relaxation. 

1979
01:47:35,700 --> 01:47:38,500
Some write letters that will be 
sent when the ship next reaches 

1980
01:47:38,500 --> 01:47:41,400
Port. 
Others mend clothes or repair 

1981
01:47:41,400 --> 01:47:44,200
personal items. 
The work is unhurried. 

1982
01:47:44,200 --> 01:47:48,800
Almost meditative your lamp 
burn, steadily consuming oil 

1983
01:47:48,800 --> 01:47:51,300
slowly. 
Your conscious of the need to 

1984
01:47:51,308 --> 01:47:54,400
conserve that these evening 
hours of work are important. 

1985
01:47:55,300 --> 01:47:58,500
The Lamplight creates a small 
sphere of visibility in the 

1986
01:47:58,500 --> 01:48:02,000
growing Darkness. 
Beyond that sphere, the cabin 

1987
01:48:02,000 --> 01:48:06,200
Fades into Shadow. 
You focus on what you can see on

1988
01:48:06,200 --> 01:48:08,900
the page before you on the work 
at hand. 

1989
01:48:09,900 --> 01:48:13,300
Sometimes your mind wanders. 
You think about observations 

1990
01:48:13,300 --> 01:48:17,100
from early, in the voyage 
patterns you have noticed and 

1991
01:48:17,100 --> 01:48:20,600
questions that have emerged. 
You do not try to force 

1992
01:48:20,600 --> 01:48:24,500
conclusions, you simply let 
thought surface and drift 

1993
01:48:24,500 --> 01:48:27,400
trusting that insights will come
when they are ready. 

1994
01:48:27,400 --> 01:48:31,100
Evenings quiet Pace encourages 
this kind of reflection. 

1995
01:48:31,100 --> 01:48:35,300
The ship's motion is usually 
gentle in the evening wins. 

1996
01:48:35,300 --> 01:48:40,500
Often decreases night approaches
The Beagle Rock slowly a steady 

1997
01:48:40,500 --> 01:48:42,400
Rhythm. 
That becomes almost hypnotic. 

1998
01:48:43,300 --> 01:48:47,100
You sway slightly as you work, 
your body unconsciously moving 

1999
01:48:47,100 --> 01:48:50,200
with the ship. 
This motion is soothing rather 

2000
01:48:50,200 --> 01:48:53,900
than disruptive you pause 
occasionally to rest your eyes 

2001
01:48:53,900 --> 01:48:57,900
staring at notebook, Pages by 
Lamplight can be tiring. 

2002
01:48:58,700 --> 01:49:02,300
You look away focusing on the 
shadows in the cabins Corners 

2003
01:49:02,300 --> 01:49:06,600
letting your vision relax. 
These brief pauses, help you 

2004
01:49:06,600 --> 01:49:09,600
maintain concentration over 
several hours of close work. 

2005
01:49:10,600 --> 01:49:13,600
Some evenings Captain Fitzroy, 
stops by your cabin. 

2006
01:49:14,400 --> 01:49:16,800
He knocks likely an enters when 
you invite him. 

2007
01:49:17,600 --> 01:49:19,500
The conversations are friendly 
and informal. 

2008
01:49:19,500 --> 01:49:22,000
He asks about your recent 
observations. 

2009
01:49:22,000 --> 01:49:25,200
You share fascinating, specimens
or sketches. 

2010
01:49:25,200 --> 01:49:29,300
He tells you about the days 
navigation or upcoming plans for

2011
01:49:29,300 --> 01:49:32,200
the route. 
These exchanges are brief, but 

2012
01:49:32,200 --> 01:49:35,200
valued. 
Connect your work to the larger 

2013
01:49:35,200 --> 01:49:38,700
purpose of the voyage. 
As the evening deepens you 

2014
01:49:38,700 --> 01:49:41,200
become aware of fatigue, 
settling into your body. 

2015
01:49:42,000 --> 01:49:45,500
Your eyes grow heavy. 
Your hand holding the pain 

2016
01:49:45,500 --> 01:49:50,400
begins to eight slightly. 
These are signals to finish your

2017
01:49:50,400 --> 01:49:53,900
work and prepare for sleep. 
You complete the sentence. 

2018
01:49:53,900 --> 01:49:57,400
You are writing close your 
notebook and cap your ink 

2019
01:49:57,400 --> 01:50:00,000
bottle. 
Before, extinguishing the lamp, 

2020
01:50:00,000 --> 01:50:01,500
you arrange, the cabin for the 
night. 

2021
01:50:01,500 --> 01:50:05,300
Tools are put away, notebooks 
are stacked securely, so they 

2022
01:50:05,300 --> 01:50:07,600
will not slide. 
If the ship's motion increases, 

2023
01:50:07,600 --> 01:50:10,300
the desk is folded up against 
the wall. 

2024
01:50:10,300 --> 01:50:12,900
You check that specimen jars are
stable. 

2025
01:50:12,900 --> 01:50:15,400
That nothing can tip or spill 
during the night. 

2026
01:50:16,400 --> 01:50:19,800
You undress partially keeping on
layers, appropriate for the 

2027
01:50:19,800 --> 01:50:23,400
cabins temperature. 
The hammock Waits gently 

2028
01:50:23,400 --> 01:50:26,800
swaying. 
You extinguish the lamp and 

2029
01:50:26,800 --> 01:50:30,700
darkness fills the cabin, the 
sounds of the ship seemed 

2030
01:50:30,700 --> 01:50:32,900
slightly louder. 
Now without the distraction of 

2031
01:50:32,908 --> 01:50:38,200
Lamplight water would wind you 
climb into the hammock settling 

2032
01:50:38,200 --> 01:50:42,800
into its familiar cradle. 
Is complete, tomorrow will bring

2033
01:50:42,800 --> 01:50:45,500
more observations, more notes 
and more specimens. 

2034
01:50:45,500 --> 01:50:49,800
But to night is the only rest 
The evening's work has provided 

2035
01:50:49,800 --> 01:50:53,200
a sense of accomplishment of 
progress made. 

2036
01:50:54,200 --> 01:50:57,700
You Close Your Eyes, feeling the
ship carry, you forward through 

2037
01:50:57,700 --> 01:51:00,700
the darkness toward whatever the
next day will bring. 

2038
01:51:01,700 --> 01:51:04,000
Night aboard. 
The Beagle is orderly and 

2039
01:51:04,000 --> 01:51:05,600
predictable. 
Ship. 

2040
01:51:05,600 --> 01:51:08,500
Does not sleep. 
But it's settles into a quieter 

2041
01:51:08,500 --> 01:51:12,800
rhythm. the watch changes, every
four hours marked by the Bell, 

2042
01:51:12,800 --> 01:51:16,100
whose sound carries clearly 
through the night air, These 

2043
01:51:16,100 --> 01:51:20,100
bells organized thyme, dividing 
the darkness into manageable 

2044
01:51:20,100 --> 01:51:23,100
intervals. 
Your hammock sways gently in the

2045
01:51:23,108 --> 01:51:26,600
cabins Darkness. 
The motion is constant matching 

2046
01:51:26,600 --> 01:51:28,200
the ship's movement through the 
water. 

2047
01:51:29,500 --> 01:51:32,800
This rocking is familiar now a 
sensation you have come to 

2048
01:51:32,800 --> 01:51:37,600
associate with safety and rest. 
The Hammocks, gentle swing helps

2049
01:51:37,600 --> 01:51:40,900
rather than hinders sleep above 
you footsteps. 

2050
01:51:40,900 --> 01:51:44,200
Mark the watch Keepers Patrol. 
He walks the length of the deck 

2051
01:51:44,200 --> 01:51:46,600
at regular intervals. 
Checking that all is secure, 

2052
01:51:46,600 --> 01:51:50,000
sails, properly, set rigging 
sound. 

2053
01:51:50,000 --> 01:51:54,100
Helmand and attentive, these 
sounds of vigilance are 

2054
01:51:54,100 --> 01:51:56,700
reassuring. 
The ship is being cared for 

2055
01:51:56,700 --> 01:52:00,100
while you rest. 
The cabin is dark except for 

2056
01:52:00,100 --> 01:52:02,900
faint Moonlight, or Starlight 
that sometimes enters through 

2057
01:52:02,900 --> 01:52:07,200
the port hole, your eyes adjust 
to this Darkness, distinguishing

2058
01:52:07,200 --> 01:52:10,800
shapes, the outline of your 
desk, the shelves of specimens, 

2059
01:52:10,800 --> 01:52:14,000
and the hanging hammock beside 
your own where equipment is 

2060
01:52:14,000 --> 01:52:17,400
stored. 
The darkness is complete but not

2061
01:52:17,400 --> 01:52:20,600
oppressive. 
Sounds change throughout the 

2062
01:52:20,600 --> 01:52:22,700
night. 
Wind shifts. 

2063
01:52:22,700 --> 01:52:27,600
And you hear canvas adjusting, 
Rain begins drumming on the deck

2064
01:52:27,600 --> 01:52:30,400
above. 
Ships motion Alters slightly 

2065
01:52:30,400 --> 01:52:33,800
with changing Seas. 
None of these variations are 

2066
01:52:33,800 --> 01:52:36,400
alarming. 
They are part of the night's 

2067
01:52:36,400 --> 01:52:39,500
natural progression. 
You register them without fully 

2068
01:52:39,500 --> 01:52:42,900
waking your sleep, light enough 
to notice but deep enough to 

2069
01:52:42,900 --> 01:52:45,500
rest. 
The crew maintains the ship 

2070
01:52:45,500 --> 01:52:48,600
through the night. 
With practice efficiently, when 

2071
01:52:48,600 --> 01:52:52,400
sales need adjustment, you hear 
quiet commands and the sound of 

2072
01:52:52,400 --> 01:52:57,100
many hands working together 
ropes, run through blocks canvas

2073
01:52:57,100 --> 01:53:00,800
flaps briefly before being 
secured the work is done quickly

2074
01:53:00,800 --> 01:53:04,900
and competently then silence 
returns below deck. 

2075
01:53:04,900 --> 01:53:08,500
Men sleep in shifts those off. 
Watch rest in their hammocks 

2076
01:53:08,500 --> 01:53:12,200
crowded together in the cruise. 
Quarter's, the air is closed 

2077
01:53:12,200 --> 01:53:16,300
there filled with the breathing 
of many sleepers, but this close

2078
01:53:16,300 --> 01:53:20,200
provides warmth. 
The Killingly welcome on cooler 

2079
01:53:20,200 --> 01:53:24,000
nights. 
Crucially soundly bodies warned 

2080
01:53:24,000 --> 01:53:27,200
from the day's work in the 
officers quarters, which include

2081
01:53:27,200 --> 01:53:30,600
your cabin conditions, a 
slightly less cramped, but still

2082
01:53:30,608 --> 01:53:34,100
closed. 
The ship is small and space is 

2083
01:53:34,100 --> 01:53:37,100
precious. 
Every cubic foot serves multiple

2084
01:53:37,100 --> 01:53:41,200
purposes, but the arrangement 
Works, everyone has a place to 

2085
01:53:41,200 --> 01:53:45,100
sleep and that is sufficient. 
Nighttime offers a particular 

2086
01:53:45,100 --> 01:53:48,600
quality of quiet. 
Even the sounds that continued 

2087
01:53:48,600 --> 01:53:53,500
water wind, The Creeks of Timber
seam muted, softened by Darkness

2088
01:53:53,500 --> 01:53:57,800
voices when you hear them are 
low, no one shouts unless 

2089
01:53:57,800 --> 01:54:01,800
necessary. 
The night watch respect those 

2090
01:54:01,800 --> 01:54:04,000
sleeping. 
Keeping noise to a minimum. 

2091
01:54:05,000 --> 01:54:08,100
Sometimes you wake during the 
night, pulled from sleep by the 

2092
01:54:08,100 --> 01:54:12,400
Bell or a change in the ship's 
motion, you lie, still listening

2093
01:54:12,400 --> 01:54:15,200
assessing, the sounds tell you, 
it's all well. 

2094
01:54:16,100 --> 01:54:19,900
The ship moves. 
Steadily the Watchers alert, you

2095
01:54:19,900 --> 01:54:22,300
close your eyes and return to 
sleep within minutes. 

2096
01:54:22,300 --> 01:54:26,400
Other times, you wake, more 
fully unable to immediately 

2097
01:54:26,400 --> 01:54:30,000
return to sleep. 
On these occasions, you might 

2098
01:54:30,000 --> 01:54:34,000
like your lamp briefly read a 
few pages or review notes. 

2099
01:54:35,000 --> 01:54:38,900
The activity is quiet and brief 
just enough to settle your mind 

2100
01:54:38,900 --> 01:54:42,700
before attempting sleep again 
usually the procedure works. 

2101
01:54:42,700 --> 01:54:44,800
You drift off within a short 
time. 

2102
01:54:45,700 --> 01:54:49,000
The ship's Bell marks the 
passage of hours with reassuring

2103
01:54:49,000 --> 01:54:54,700
regularity. four Bells, 8, 
bells, two Bells, each pattern 

2104
01:54:54,700 --> 01:54:58,600
is distinct announcing the time 
to anyone listening The Bell 

2105
01:54:58,600 --> 01:55:00,900
structure the night just as they
structure the day. 

2106
01:55:00,900 --> 01:55:04,100
Providing Rhythm and order to 
time that might otherwise feel 

2107
01:55:04,100 --> 01:55:06,800
formless. 
On clear nights. 

2108
01:55:06,800 --> 01:55:09,200
You sometimes go on Deck briefly
before sleeping. 

2109
01:55:10,000 --> 01:55:14,400
The stars are spectacular at Sea
away from any land-based lights,

2110
01:55:14,400 --> 01:55:17,000
the Milky Way stretches across 
the sky. 

2111
01:55:17,000 --> 01:55:21,000
A river of light. 
Constellations will slowly 

2112
01:55:21,000 --> 01:55:23,600
overhead. 
You stand at the rail for a few 

2113
01:55:23,608 --> 01:55:26,400
minutes. 
Looking up feeling the smallness

2114
01:55:26,400 --> 01:55:28,500
of the ship beneath the vast 
night sky. 

2115
01:55:29,400 --> 01:55:32,000
The watch keeper might not to 
you in greeting but does not 

2116
01:55:32,000 --> 01:55:35,700
interrupt his duties, your 
simply another person on Deck, 

2117
01:55:35,700 --> 01:55:40,200
taking a moment of night are 
before rest, The Exchange 

2118
01:55:40,200 --> 01:55:43,800
requires no words. 
After a few minutes, you return 

2119
01:55:43,800 --> 01:55:49,100
below your eyes re-adjusted to 
Darkness, ready for sleep, the 

2120
01:55:49,100 --> 01:55:52,800
hammock receives you again, you 
arrange yourself finding the 

2121
01:55:52,800 --> 01:55:54,900
position that will be most 
comfortable through the 

2122
01:55:54,900 --> 01:55:59,100
remaining hours of night. 
Ship rocks water. 

2123
01:55:59,100 --> 01:56:02,700
Sounds along the hull. 
These Sensations are so familiar

2124
01:56:02,700 --> 01:56:07,500
now that they barely register 
consciously These Sensations 

2125
01:56:07,500 --> 01:56:11,400
represent the conditions of 
sleep as normal as having a Bed 

2126
01:56:11,400 --> 01:56:14,300
and blankets on land. 
Some nights are easier than 

2127
01:56:14,300 --> 01:56:16,300
others on. 
Calm seas. 

2128
01:56:16,300 --> 01:56:20,600
With gentle winds, sleep comes 
quickly and lasts until morning.

2129
01:56:21,500 --> 01:56:25,100
On rougher nights rest is more 
interrupted and more fragmented,

2130
01:56:25,100 --> 01:56:28,200
but even fragmented. 
Sleep is restorative. 

2131
01:56:28,200 --> 01:56:32,100
Your body has adapted to the 
ship's rhythms learning to rest,

2132
01:56:32,100 --> 01:56:36,600
whenever opportunity allows 
Dreams, Come and Go influenced 

2133
01:56:36,600 --> 01:56:40,100
by the days of observation and 
the ship's motion you dream of 

2134
01:56:40,100 --> 01:56:44,100
landscape's visited creatures, 
observed and rocks. 

2135
01:56:44,100 --> 01:56:46,600
Broken open to reveal their 
hidden structures. 

2136
01:56:47,800 --> 01:56:51,600
These dreams are usually calm 
protesting rather than anxious 

2137
01:56:51,600 --> 01:56:55,000
you wake from the musically 
without disturbance. 

2138
01:56:56,500 --> 01:57:00,500
As night progresses toward Dawn.
Darkness begins to thin. 

2139
01:57:01,600 --> 01:57:06,600
First hint of light appears 
barely perceptible at first the 

2140
01:57:06,600 --> 01:57:10,900
watch prepares for the morning. 
Change below deck sleepers. 

2141
01:57:10,900 --> 01:57:14,100
Begin to stir bodies. 
Sensing the approaching day 

2142
01:57:14,100 --> 01:57:16,100
before conscious Minds. 
Register it. 

2143
01:57:17,200 --> 01:57:21,000
You wake gradually returning to 
awareness as you have on 

2144
01:57:21,000 --> 01:57:24,800
countless mornings before. 
The cabin is still dark but you 

2145
01:57:24,800 --> 01:57:28,900
know day is near you lie. 
Still for a moment Gathering 

2146
01:57:28,900 --> 01:57:32,400
yourself preparing, mentally for
another day at sea. 

2147
01:57:33,100 --> 01:57:36,700
The night has passed safely. 
The ship has carried you 

2148
01:57:36,708 --> 01:57:39,500
forward. 
While you slept adding miles to 

2149
01:57:39,500 --> 01:57:43,400
the voyage outside the watch, 
keeper calls the time the bell. 

2150
01:57:43,400 --> 01:57:45,900
Sounds a new watch assembles on 
Deck. 

2151
01:57:46,800 --> 01:57:51,000
The cycle continues reliable and
steady night, gives way to Dawn 

2152
01:57:51,000 --> 01:57:54,200
and the pattern of another day 
aboard, the Beagle begins to 

2153
01:57:54,200 --> 01:57:57,700
unfold once more, The Voyage of 
the beagle stretches, a cross, 

2154
01:57:57,700 --> 01:58:01,700
five years, a span of time that 
transforms through its very 

2155
01:58:01,700 --> 01:58:05,200
length. 
Days blend into weeks and weeks 

2156
01:58:05,200 --> 01:58:09,500
into months. 
Calendar progresses, but aboard 

2157
01:58:09,500 --> 01:58:13,700
the ship time feels different. 
Pace is not particularly slow, 

2158
01:58:13,700 --> 01:58:19,000
but rather patient not rushed 
but steady You noticed changes 

2159
01:58:19,000 --> 01:58:21,000
in your self that accumulate 
gradually. 

2160
01:58:21,700 --> 01:58:25,200
Your hands become more skilled 
at preserving, specimens your 

2161
01:58:25,200 --> 01:58:28,400
eyebrow sharp or at 
distinguishing species, your 

2162
01:58:28,400 --> 01:58:31,200
understanding of geological 
processes deepens through 

2163
01:58:31,200 --> 01:58:34,200
repeated observation. 
These changes have happened so 

2164
01:58:34,200 --> 01:58:36,600
slowly that you barely perceive 
them dated day. 

2165
01:58:37,700 --> 01:58:40,700
Only looking back across months.
Can you see how much has 

2166
01:58:40,700 --> 01:58:42,700
shifted? 
The Collection you maintain 

2167
01:58:42,700 --> 01:58:47,400
grows, steadily boxes, fill with
geological samples, from dozens 

2168
01:58:47,400 --> 01:58:51,600
of locations, portfolios 
overflow with pressed plants 

2169
01:58:51,600 --> 01:58:56,000
bottles, line, every available 
shelf, space, each containing a 

2170
01:58:56,000 --> 01:58:59,800
preserved creature, this 
physical accumulation represents

2171
01:58:59,800 --> 01:59:04,000
something larger, the patient 
Gathering of evidence, the slow 

2172
01:59:04,000 --> 01:59:07,800
building of understanding. 
You do not yet, see the full 

2173
01:59:07,800 --> 01:59:11,900
pattern, the observations you 
have made the specimens, you 

2174
01:59:11,900 --> 01:59:15,700
have collected and the notes, 
you have written, all of this 

2175
01:59:15,700 --> 01:59:21,100
remains somewhat fragmentary. 
individual pieces, not yet 

2176
01:59:21,100 --> 01:59:26,300
assembled into a coherent whole 
But you trust the process, you 

2177
01:59:26,300 --> 01:59:28,100
believe that patterns will 
emerge. 

2178
01:59:28,100 --> 01:59:31,500
When enough pieces are gathered,
when enough time has passed for 

2179
01:59:31,500 --> 01:59:34,900
reflection. 
Ship continues, its work. 

2180
01:59:34,900 --> 01:59:38,300
Surveying coastlines, correcting
charts and mapping harbors. 

2181
01:59:39,000 --> 01:59:41,500
This Mission proceeds 
independently of your natural 

2182
01:59:41,500 --> 01:59:45,000
history, observations yet, the 
two efforts, share a common 

2183
01:59:45,000 --> 01:59:51,000
character, patient methodical, 
careful, both require attention 

2184
01:59:51,000 --> 01:59:54,700
to detail and a willingness to 
work slowly toward distant 

2185
01:59:54,700 --> 01:59:57,200
goals. 
You think often about what you 

2186
01:59:57,200 --> 02:00:00,300
have seen islands, where 
creatures exist that are found 

2187
02:00:00,308 --> 02:00:04,600
nowhere else, Rock layers, 
revealing vast spans of time, 

2188
02:00:04,600 --> 02:00:08,200
there are fossils from extinct 
species that bear a striking 

2189
02:00:08,200 --> 02:00:09,900
resemblance to their living 
counterparts. 

2190
02:00:09,900 --> 02:00:13,600
These observations suggest 
something though exactly what 

2191
02:00:13,600 --> 02:00:17,200
remains unclear. 
The implications Linger on the 

2192
02:00:17,200 --> 02:00:19,700
brink of comprehension yet. 
They remain. 

2193
02:00:19,700 --> 02:00:22,200
Elusive, the routine of 
shipboard. 

2194
02:00:22,200 --> 02:00:27,200
Life continues to Anchor. 
You wake eat, observe record 

2195
02:00:27,200 --> 02:00:31,200
rest. 
And repeats with variations but 

2196
02:00:31,200 --> 02:00:33,000
maintains its essential 
structure. 

2197
02:00:33,000 --> 02:00:37,100
This consistency allows the work
to continue without interruption

2198
02:00:38,500 --> 02:00:41,200
The routine becomes a kind of 
foundation on which everything 

2199
02:00:41,200 --> 02:00:44,200
else rests. 
Seasons change though. 

2200
02:00:44,200 --> 02:00:48,100
It's see the shifts are subtle 
temperatures vary where the 

2201
02:00:48,100 --> 02:00:50,600
patterns alter the angle of the 
sun shifts. 

2202
02:00:50,600 --> 02:00:54,300
You track these changes in your 
notes, marking seasonal, 

2203
02:00:54,300 --> 02:00:58,000
variations in the creatures and 
plants You observe. these 

2204
02:00:58,000 --> 02:01:01,200
meticulous observations 
document, the passage of time, 

2205
02:01:01,200 --> 02:01:06,100
the crew changes to those slowly
men, leave the ship at ports, 

2206
02:01:06,100 --> 02:01:10,600
replace by new recruits Faces 
become familiar, then disappear 

2207
02:01:10,600 --> 02:01:14,800
and the new faces take their 
places, but the ships essential 

2208
02:01:14,800 --> 02:01:19,000
character remains constant. 
The work continues regardless of

2209
02:01:19,000 --> 02:01:22,100
individual changes the Beagle 
persists. 

2210
02:01:22,900 --> 02:01:26,400
You correspond with colleagues 
when opportunity allows sending 

2211
02:01:26,400 --> 02:01:28,300
letters and specimens back to 
England. 

2212
02:01:28,300 --> 02:01:30,600
When ships heading that 
direction can carry them. 

2213
02:01:31,400 --> 02:01:34,700
These communications are 
irregular and slow months. 

2214
02:01:34,700 --> 02:01:37,400
Passed between sending a letter 
and receiving a reply. 

2215
02:01:38,300 --> 02:01:41,300
This connection to the wider 
scientific Community matters. 

2216
02:01:41,300 --> 02:01:45,200
Your work does not exist in 
isolation, even when you are 

2217
02:01:45,208 --> 02:01:49,200
thousands of miles from home, 
Physical endurance becomes a 

2218
02:01:49,200 --> 02:01:52,100
kind of achievement, The Voyage 
demands stamina. 

2219
02:01:52,900 --> 02:01:55,800
The ability to continue day 
after day, without dramatic 

2220
02:01:55,800 --> 02:01:58,700
Milestones. 
You develop this endurance 

2221
02:01:58,700 --> 02:02:03,100
without particularly noticing. 
Your body adapts to ship life. 

2222
02:02:03,100 --> 02:02:05,700
Your mind becomes accustomed to 
the PACE. 

2223
02:02:05,700 --> 02:02:10,200
What once seemed difficult 
become simply normal You observe

2224
02:02:10,200 --> 02:02:14,200
changes in your thinking ideas 
that once seemed certain become 

2225
02:02:14,200 --> 02:02:17,700
more flexible questions, you 
thought aren't answered open up 

2226
02:02:17,700 --> 02:02:22,600
again, revealing new complexity.
This intellectual growth 

2227
02:02:22,600 --> 02:02:26,200
happens, quietly shaped by 
repeated observation and the 

2228
02:02:26,208 --> 02:02:28,000
time to reflect on what you've 
seen. 

2229
02:02:28,800 --> 02:02:31,800
The Landscapes you have visited 
create lasting memories. 

2230
02:02:32,600 --> 02:02:37,100
Particular images, remain Vivid,
a volcanic island, rising from 

2231
02:02:37,100 --> 02:02:41,700
the sea, a coral reef teeming 
with life, and a cliff face 

2232
02:02:41,700 --> 02:02:44,200
showing millions of years of 
geological history. 

2233
02:02:45,600 --> 02:02:49,100
These images become reference 
points, mental anchors that 

2234
02:02:49,100 --> 02:02:52,900
organize your understanding. 
Conversations with Captain 

2235
02:02:52,900 --> 02:02:56,100
Fitzroy, continued throughout 
the voyage, you discuss 

2236
02:02:56,100 --> 02:02:58,900
observations, debate, 
interpretations, and share 

2237
02:02:58,900 --> 02:03:01,200
perspectives. 
These exchanges. 

2238
02:03:01,200 --> 02:03:04,300
Sharpen your thinking forcing 
you to articulate ideas, 

2239
02:03:04,300 --> 02:03:07,700
clearly, the captain's 
question's push you to consider 

2240
02:03:07,700 --> 02:03:10,000
alternatives to examine 
assumptions. 

2241
02:03:10,000 --> 02:03:14,100
The specimens, you send back to 
England, begin to attract 

2242
02:03:14,100 --> 02:03:17,300
attention. 
Letters arrive from naturalists 

2243
02:03:17,300 --> 02:03:18,900
who have examined your 
collections. 

2244
02:03:18,900 --> 02:03:23,400
They ask questions request more 
information and point out. 

2245
02:03:23,400 --> 02:03:27,100
Intriguing features, you may 
have missed This dialogue in 

2246
02:03:27,100 --> 02:03:30,300
riches your work, connecting 
your individual observation to 

2247
02:03:30,300 --> 02:03:34,300
broader scientific discussions. 
You begin to sense the shape of 

2248
02:03:34,300 --> 02:03:37,200
ideas that will require years 
more to fully develop. 

2249
02:03:38,100 --> 02:03:42,300
The Voyage is providing raw 
material observations, specimens

2250
02:03:42,300 --> 02:03:46,400
questions that will sustain 
future work long after the ship 

2251
02:03:46,400 --> 02:03:49,300
returns to England. 
This realization brings 

2252
02:03:49,300 --> 02:03:52,300
satisfaction. 
The Voyage is not an end in 

2253
02:03:52,300 --> 02:03:56,000
itself, but the beginning. 
The Beagle of eventually turns 

2254
02:03:56,000 --> 02:03:58,500
toward home, the final leg of 
the journey. 

2255
02:03:58,500 --> 02:04:01,800
Reverses, the early root 
bringing familiar, coastlines 

2256
02:04:01,800 --> 02:04:04,700
back into view. 
But, you're not the same person 

2257
02:04:04,700 --> 02:04:07,700
who left England. 
Five years earlier, the voyage 

2258
02:04:07,700 --> 02:04:11,500
has changed, you shaped you, and
given you a foundation of 

2259
02:04:11,500 --> 02:04:14,700
experience and observation that 
will inform everything that 

2260
02:04:14,700 --> 02:04:19,700
follows the Ship Sails. 
Steadily toward home Waters, the

2261
02:04:19,700 --> 02:04:22,400
routine continues even as the 
voyage nears. 

2262
02:04:22,400 --> 02:04:25,800
Its end, you maintain your 
observations, keep your notes 

2263
02:04:25,800 --> 02:04:29,800
and care for your specimens. 
The work does not stop simply 

2264
02:04:29,800 --> 02:04:33,400
because the destination 
approaches, the practice you 

2265
02:04:33,400 --> 02:04:37,500
have developed is now, part of 
who you are, England, appears on

2266
02:04:37,500 --> 02:04:41,800
the horizon of eventually. 
Voyage that has consumed, five 

2267
02:04:41,800 --> 02:04:43,900
years of your life approaches 
completely. 

2268
02:04:44,700 --> 02:04:48,500
The ideas born during these 
years will continue to grow to 

2269
02:04:48,500 --> 02:04:51,100
develop and to reshape 
understanding. 

2270
02:04:51,900 --> 02:04:54,900
The Voyage is end is only the 
beginning of its true impact. 

2271
02:04:54,900 --> 02:05:00,000
For now though there is only the
ship the Sea and the steady 

2272
02:05:00,000 --> 02:05:03,400
rhythm of observation and rest. 
The Beagle carries you forward 

2273
02:05:03,400 --> 02:05:06,000
through calm Waters, the sky is 
clear. 

2274
02:05:06,000 --> 02:05:11,000
The Horizon stretches endlessly 
ahead just as it has for days 

2275
02:05:11,000 --> 02:05:15,200
and weeks and months. 
You stand at the rail watching, 

2276
02:05:15,200 --> 02:05:18,400
light play across the water, 
noting details, as you have 

2277
02:05:18,408 --> 02:05:19,600
done. 
Countless times. 

2278
02:05:19,600 --> 02:05:23,400
Before the work continues, The 
Voyage continues. 

2279
02:05:23,400 --> 02:05:27,500
Life aboard the ship continues 
in its patient, methodical way. 

2280
02:05:28,400 --> 02:05:31,900
and in this continuation, in 
this steady accumulation of 

2281
02:05:31,900 --> 02:05:35,800
observation and thought, 
Something significant is quietly

2282
02:05:35,800 --> 02:05:38,900
taking shape. 
This transformation occurs, not 

2283
02:05:38,900 --> 02:05:43,100
in a dramatic or sudden manner. 
But rather through the gentle 

2284
02:05:43,100 --> 02:05:47,300
Persistence of curiosity 
patience and time, the Ship 

2285
02:05:47,300 --> 02:05:51,500
Sails on you rest. 
When rest is needed, watch when 

2286
02:05:51,500 --> 02:05:54,800
observation is possible and 
trust that understanding will 

2287
02:05:54,800 --> 02:05:57,800
come through this slow, steady 
practice of attention. 

2288
02:05:58,600 --> 02:06:03,100
The Rhythm holds, the voyage 
continues and in the continuity 

2289
02:06:03,100 --> 02:06:04,400
itself. 
There is peace. 

2290
02:06:11,400 --> 02:06:13,100
Before we meet our remarkable 
lady. 

2291
02:06:13,100 --> 02:06:14,800
You need to understand the 
world. 

2292
02:06:14,800 --> 02:06:18,800
She rode into Medieval whales 
wasn't just Rolling, Green 

2293
02:06:18,800 --> 02:06:21,000
Hills, and dramatic, coastlines,
though. 

2294
02:06:21,000 --> 02:06:23,700
It certainly had those. 
It was a place where stories 

2295
02:06:23,700 --> 02:06:27,400
mattered as much as food, where 
poets held social rank, just 

2296
02:06:27,400 --> 02:06:31,000
below Kings, and where the past 
and present existed in a kind of

2297
02:06:31,008 --> 02:06:32,700
permanent conversation with each
other. 

2298
02:06:33,600 --> 02:06:36,600
The story is about Rhiannon come
from a collection called the 

2299
02:06:36,600 --> 02:06:46,100
Mabinogi 13th centuries. 
But the stories themselves are 

2300
02:06:46,100 --> 02:06:48,300
far older. 
They've been passed down orally 

2301
02:06:48,300 --> 02:06:50,400
for so long. 
That their Origins disappeared 

2302
02:06:50,400 --> 02:06:53,400
Into The Mists of prehistory, 
like, watching someone walking 

2303
02:06:53,400 --> 02:06:56,400
to fog until you can't tell if 
they're still there or have 

2304
02:06:56,400 --> 02:06:59,600
become part of the weather. 
Think of the map in osiyan as a 

2305
02:06:59,600 --> 02:07:02,000
medieval playlist that someone 
finally got around to 

2306
02:07:02,000 --> 02:07:04,400
transcribing. 
Bards had been performing these 

2307
02:07:04,400 --> 02:07:06,700
Tales at feasts and festivals 
for Generations. 

2308
02:07:06,700 --> 02:07:10,000
Each Storyteller adding their 
own flourishes while keeping the

2309
02:07:10,000 --> 02:07:13,700
essential Melodies intact by the
time scribes wrote them down in 

2310
02:07:13,700 --> 02:07:17,100
manuscripts, like the white book
of Riddick and the Red Book of 

2311
02:07:17,100 --> 02:07:20,000
her jest. 
These stories had been refined 

2312
02:07:20,000 --> 02:07:23,600
by countless retellings into 
something approaching perfection

2313
02:07:24,700 --> 02:07:28,700
Rhiannon's tale appears in the 
first branch of the Mabinogi and

2314
02:07:28,700 --> 02:07:31,500
it opens in a place called die 
fed which was a real Kingdom in 

2315
02:07:31,500 --> 02:07:34,400
South West Wales. 
The ruler was a man named quill 

2316
02:07:34,400 --> 02:07:36,900
whose name means sense or wisdom
though. 

2317
02:07:36,900 --> 02:07:39,000
As you'll see, he didn't always 
live up to his name. 

2318
02:07:39,000 --> 02:07:42,200
He was what medieval Welsh 
Society considered an ideal 

2319
02:07:42,200 --> 02:07:45,400
Lord. 
Generous with his Warriors Brave

2320
02:07:45,400 --> 02:07:49,300
in battle and reasonably fair in
his judgments not perfect, but 

2321
02:07:49,300 --> 02:07:52,000
decent enough that people didn't
actively plot his overthrow 

2322
02:07:52,000 --> 02:07:54,500
which in medieval terms, counted
as a success. 

2323
02:07:55,500 --> 02:07:59,000
Now, medieval Welsh Society had 
some interesting quirks that are

2324
02:07:59,000 --> 02:08:02,000
worth knowing before we 
continue, unlike many medieval 

2325
02:08:02,000 --> 02:08:04,400
cultures where women were 
essentially property with fewer 

2326
02:08:04,400 --> 02:08:08,000
rights than livestock. 
Welsh law gave women surprising 

2327
02:08:08,000 --> 02:08:12,000
autonomy, they could own 
property initiate divorce and 

2328
02:08:12,000 --> 02:08:14,800
receive compensation. 
If wronged This legal framework,

2329
02:08:14,800 --> 02:08:16,900
helps explain why Rihanna and 
Storey. 

2330
02:08:16,900 --> 02:08:20,300
While certainly dramatic, never 
treats her as a passive object 

2331
02:08:20,300 --> 02:08:22,100
to be moved around by male 
characters. 

2332
02:08:23,600 --> 02:08:26,100
The Welsh also had a complex 
relationship with the other 

2333
02:08:26,100 --> 02:08:29,700
world, which they called and up,
when this wasn't Heaven or Hell,

2334
02:08:29,700 --> 02:08:32,300
in the Christian sense, though, 
by the time they stories were 

2335
02:08:32,300 --> 02:08:35,300
written down Christian monks 
were doing the transcribing and 

2336
02:08:35,300 --> 02:08:37,700
occasionally tried to make 
things fit their worldview. 

2337
02:08:37,700 --> 02:08:41,200
Hannon was more like a parallel 
realm that existed alongside the

2338
02:08:41,200 --> 02:08:44,600
everyday World separated by 
boundaries that were sometimes 

2339
02:08:44,600 --> 02:08:47,900
as solid as stonewalls and 
sometimes as permeable as 

2340
02:08:47,900 --> 02:08:50,600
breath. 
People from adding could visit 

2341
02:08:50,600 --> 02:08:53,800
the mortal world and 
occasionally Mortals ventured 

2342
02:08:53,800 --> 02:08:56,900
into their realm usually by 
accident or invitation rather 

2343
02:08:56,900 --> 02:09:00,000
than intentional tourism. 
The other world folk weren't 

2344
02:09:00,000 --> 02:09:02,500
quite gods and weren't quite 
fairies. 

2345
02:09:02,500 --> 02:09:06,500
They were something in between 
powerful beings, who operated by

2346
02:09:06,500 --> 02:09:09,400
their own rules and occasionally
took interest in human Affairs, 

2347
02:09:09,400 --> 02:09:13,200
for reasons, that range from 
love to boredom to purposes. 

2348
02:09:13,200 --> 02:09:15,200
Mortals could never quite 
fathom. 

2349
02:09:16,200 --> 02:09:18,600
Understanding this context. 
Helps you appreciate what 

2350
02:09:18,600 --> 02:09:20,700
happens when Rhiannon appears in
the story? 

2351
02:09:20,700 --> 02:09:23,500
She's not arriving in a world 
that would find her presence 

2352
02:09:23,500 --> 02:09:25,800
impossible or even particularly 
shocking. 

2353
02:09:27,200 --> 02:09:29,900
Welles had a long tradition of 
powerful women in mythology, 

2354
02:09:29,900 --> 02:09:35,000
goddesses like carried when the 
Fierce branwen and the wise area

2355
02:09:35,000 --> 02:09:38,100
and hod a woman with 
Supernatural connections riding 

2356
02:09:38,100 --> 02:09:41,300
a magical horse, that was 
unusual enough to be noteworthy 

2357
02:09:41,300 --> 02:09:45,100
but familiar enough to fit into 
the existing pattern of how the 

2358
02:09:45,100 --> 02:09:49,200
world worked. 
The landscape itself played a 

2359
02:09:49,200 --> 02:09:52,100
role in the stories. 
Wells is a country of dramatic 

2360
02:09:52,100 --> 02:09:55,200
geography mountains, that seem 
to touch clouds. 

2361
02:09:55,200 --> 02:09:58,900
Valleys that, hold onto Morning 
Mist like secrets and 

2362
02:09:58,900 --> 02:10:01,400
coastlines, where the sea 
appears to be constantly, trying

2363
02:10:01,400 --> 02:10:04,300
to have a conversation with the 
land in this kind of landscape. 

2364
02:10:04,300 --> 02:10:08,200
It's easy to believe that the 
world contains layers that what 

2365
02:10:08,200 --> 02:10:12,600
you see isn't necessarily all 
there is Quill ruled from a 

2366
02:10:12,600 --> 02:10:16,700
place called arber, which had a 
special feature, a magical Mound

2367
02:10:16,700 --> 02:10:19,800
called gauzed, arbeth. 
This wasn't just any Hill. 

2368
02:10:19,800 --> 02:10:22,400
It was one of those liminal 
spaces where the boundary 

2369
02:10:22,400 --> 02:10:25,400
between worlds, grew thin. 
The tradition said that anyone 

2370
02:10:25,400 --> 02:10:28,200
who sat on this mound would 
experience, one of two things 

2371
02:10:28,200 --> 02:10:32,100
they would receive blows and 
wounds or they would witness a 

2372
02:10:32,100 --> 02:10:34,400
Marvel. 
It was basically ancient wales's

2373
02:10:34,400 --> 02:10:35,900
version of a cosmic slot 
machine. 

2374
02:10:35,900 --> 02:10:40,000
Except instead of losing money, 
you might lose Consciousness or 

2375
02:10:40,000 --> 02:10:42,200
gain a story worth telling for 
the rest of your life. 

2376
02:10:42,200 --> 02:10:46,200
This is where will chose to sit 
one day and this is where our 

2377
02:10:46,200 --> 02:10:50,900
story truly begins. 
Imagine your will a reasonably 

2378
02:10:50,900 --> 02:10:52,400
successful, medieval Welsh? 
Lord. 

2379
02:10:52,400 --> 02:10:54,300
Lord have a fairly Ordinary Day 
by your standards. 

2380
02:10:54,300 --> 02:10:57,200
You've handled some 
administrative matters, possibly

2381
02:10:57,200 --> 02:11:00,000
settled a dispute about cattle 
theft or boundary stones. 

2382
02:11:00,000 --> 02:11:02,200
And now you're looking for a bit
of entertainment. 

2383
02:11:02,200 --> 02:11:06,300
You remember that, magical Mound
Court, the one that promises 

2384
02:11:06,300 --> 02:11:09,400
either injury or wonder. 
And you think why not? 

2385
02:11:09,400 --> 02:11:11,900
What's life? 
Without a little Supernatural? 

2386
02:11:11,900 --> 02:11:14,600
Gambling. 
Soak will climbs up corset Arbor

2387
02:11:14,600 --> 02:11:17,400
with a few of his men because 
medieval lords rarely went 

2388
02:11:17,400 --> 02:11:20,900
anywhere alone, partly for 
protection and partly because 

2389
02:11:20,900 --> 02:11:24,100
witnessing was important, if 
something marvelous happened and

2390
02:11:24,100 --> 02:11:26,300
nobody saw it, did it even 
count. 

2391
02:11:26,300 --> 02:11:29,300
They settle onto the mound. 
Probably making themselves 

2392
02:11:29,300 --> 02:11:32,100
comfortable because magic 
doesn't run on a schedule and 

2393
02:11:32,100 --> 02:11:35,500
they wait. 
And then she appears The story 

2394
02:11:35,500 --> 02:11:39,500
describes her, simply at first, 
a woman dressed in gold Brigade,

2395
02:11:39,500 --> 02:11:42,600
riding a white horse, along 
them, Road below the mound. 

2396
02:11:43,400 --> 02:11:46,600
But something about the Way She 
Moves, the horse's gait is 

2397
02:11:46,600 --> 02:11:49,400
steady, and unhurried as smooth 
as if it's gliding. 

2398
02:11:49,400 --> 02:11:52,100
Rather than walking, she's 
traveling the road that runs 

2399
02:11:52,100 --> 02:11:54,900
past our birth and there's 
nothing obviously magical about 

2400
02:11:54,900 --> 02:11:57,600
the scene, except for this 
quality of deliberate Grace, 

2401
02:11:57,600 --> 02:12:00,500
like watching someone, who 
knows, they're being watched and

2402
02:12:00,500 --> 02:12:02,300
doesn't mind at all. 
Wills. 

2403
02:12:02,300 --> 02:12:06,000
Immediate reaction is curiosity.
Mixed with the traction, which 

2404
02:12:06,000 --> 02:12:07,700
will become something of a 
pattern for him. 

2405
02:12:07,700 --> 02:12:10,900
He asks one of his men to go 
down and find out who she is. 

2406
02:12:10,900 --> 02:12:14,000
Simple enough, right? 
Just a quick, jog down the hill,

2407
02:12:14,000 --> 02:12:17,200
catch up with the lady and ask 
her name and business, except he

2408
02:12:17,200 --> 02:12:20,000
is where things get interesting.
The servant Harry's down the 

2409
02:12:20,008 --> 02:12:21,700
mound and tries to catch up with
the ride. 

2410
02:12:21,700 --> 02:12:24,400
The horses, still moving at? 
That same steady? 

2411
02:12:24,400 --> 02:12:28,000
Unhurried Pace, it looks like 
it's barely moving faster than a

2412
02:12:28,000 --> 02:12:29,900
walk. 
But no matter how fast the man 

2413
02:12:29,900 --> 02:12:31,200
runs, he can't close the 
distance. 

2414
02:12:31,200 --> 02:12:33,900
It's like one of those dreams 
where you're trying to reach 

2415
02:12:33,900 --> 02:12:35,400
something and your legs work 
fine. 

2416
02:12:35,400 --> 02:12:37,500
But you're somehow not getting 
any closer. 

2417
02:12:38,400 --> 02:12:42,500
The servant returns probably 
winded and confused and reports 

2418
02:12:42,500 --> 02:12:44,800
his failure. 
Will displaying the kind of 

2419
02:12:44,800 --> 02:12:46,900
logic that makes sense? 
If you don't think about it too 

2420
02:12:46,900 --> 02:12:50,000
hard decides, the problem was 
that his man was on foot. 

2421
02:12:50,000 --> 02:12:53,000
He sends on another servant this
time on Horseback. 

2422
02:12:53,000 --> 02:12:55,200
Surely a horse. 
Can catch another horse 

2423
02:12:55,200 --> 02:12:58,000
especially when the target 
appears to be moving at such a 

2424
02:12:58,000 --> 02:13:01,400
leisurely pace. 
But the same thing happens. 

2425
02:13:01,400 --> 02:13:05,000
The rider urges his horse faster
than faster. 

2426
02:13:05,000 --> 02:13:08,000
Still eventually pushing the 
animal to a full Gallop. 

2427
02:13:08,000 --> 02:13:12,400
The White Horse ahead maintains 
that same smooth, unhurried gate

2428
02:13:12,400 --> 02:13:14,900
and the distance between them 
never changes. 

2429
02:13:15,900 --> 02:13:19,000
It's not that the white horses 
running away, it's more that the

2430
02:13:19,000 --> 02:13:21,700
normal rules of speed and 
distance of stopped, applying 

2431
02:13:21,700 --> 02:13:25,200
the pursuer is running as fast 
as possible while making no 

2432
02:13:25,200 --> 02:13:27,200
progress. 
Like someone on a treadmill 

2433
02:13:27,200 --> 02:13:30,700
watching, scenery scroll past 
this continues for three days. 

2434
02:13:30,700 --> 02:13:34,100
Three days of will watching this
woman ride past on her White 

2435
02:13:34,100 --> 02:13:37,600
Horse, three days of sending 
increasingly desperate pursuers 

2436
02:13:37,600 --> 02:13:40,500
after her, and three days of 
experience in the kind of 

2437
02:13:40,500 --> 02:13:42,200
frustration. 
That makes you question your 

2438
02:13:42,200 --> 02:13:44,700
understanding of how the 
physical world works. 

2439
02:13:45,600 --> 02:13:47,900
Now, you might be wondering why 
people didn't just try talking 

2440
02:13:47,900 --> 02:13:50,600
to her from the mound. 
Why he didn't think there might 

2441
02:13:50,600 --> 02:13:53,400
be something Supernatural about 
a woman, who can't be caught, 

2442
02:13:53,400 --> 02:13:56,800
but medieval Welsh stories often
work on a kind of fairy tale 

2443
02:13:56,800 --> 02:13:58,500
logic where the obvious 
solution. 

2444
02:13:58,500 --> 02:14:01,500
Only becomes visible. 
Once everyone has exhausted all 

2445
02:14:01,500 --> 02:14:05,900
the complicated alternatives, On
the third day will finally, does

2446
02:14:05,900 --> 02:14:09,100
the sensible thing. 
He Saddles up his own horse, the

2447
02:14:09,100 --> 02:14:11,500
best one. 
He has naturally and positioned 

2448
02:14:11,500 --> 02:14:14,700
himself on the mound to wait. 
When the lady appears again, 

2449
02:14:14,700 --> 02:14:19,200
riding at that same maddeningly 
steady Pace quill, doesn't order

2450
02:14:19,200 --> 02:14:22,100
someone else to pursue her. 
He doesn't try to race after her

2451
02:14:22,100 --> 02:14:24,700
instead he calls out just a 
simple request. 

2452
02:14:25,500 --> 02:14:27,500
Would she please stop? 
Because he needs to speak with 

2453
02:14:27,500 --> 02:14:32,900
her and she does immediately 
just stops turns and waits for 

2454
02:14:32,900 --> 02:14:35,400
him to approach the horse. 
That couldn't be caught by the 

2455
02:14:35,400 --> 02:14:37,400
fastest riders in his kingdom 
stops. 

2456
02:14:37,400 --> 02:14:41,600
The instant he asked politely 
When will reaches her, she lifts

2457
02:14:41,600 --> 02:14:45,200
her veil and he sees her face 
fully for the first time, the 

2458
02:14:45,200 --> 02:14:47,900
text describes her, as the most 
beautiful woman he's ever seen. 

2459
02:14:47,900 --> 02:14:50,500
But more than that. 
There's something about her 

2460
02:14:50,500 --> 02:14:52,900
presence that confirms. 
What will must have already 

2461
02:14:52,900 --> 02:14:55,800
suspected? 
This is no ordinary mortal 

2462
02:14:55,800 --> 02:14:58,100
woman. 
Her first words to him are 

2463
02:14:58,100 --> 02:15:01,200
probably not what he expected, 
she tells him, it would have 

2464
02:15:01,200 --> 02:15:03,400
been better for his horse. 
If he'd simply asked earlier 

2465
02:15:03,400 --> 02:15:06,500
rather than putting his men and 
their mounts through three days 

2466
02:15:06,500 --> 02:15:11,200
of impossible Pursuit, there's a
gentle rebuke in this but also 

2467
02:15:11,200 --> 02:15:13,100
humor. 
She's been waiting for him to 

2468
02:15:13,100 --> 02:15:16,000
figure out the obvious and she's
not particularly impressed that 

2469
02:15:16,000 --> 02:15:18,900
it took him three days. 
Then comes the Revelation, that 

2470
02:15:18,900 --> 02:15:22,900
changes everything she tells him
her name is Rihanna and she's 

2471
02:15:22,900 --> 02:15:25,900
been riding past his Mound. 
Deliberately hoping to catch his

2472
02:15:25,900 --> 02:15:28,200
attention. 
In fact, she has been promised 

2473
02:15:28,200 --> 02:15:30,900
in marriage to someone. 
She doesn't want and she is come

2474
02:15:30,900 --> 02:15:33,100
here, specifically because she 
wants Purl instead. 

2475
02:15:33,800 --> 02:15:37,300
Let that sink in for a moment. 
This other worldly woman who 

2476
02:15:37,300 --> 02:15:40,300
could clearly go anywhere. 
She wants it speeds that Define 

2477
02:15:40,300 --> 02:15:43,700
normal physics has been riding 
past Wills territory for three 

2478
02:15:43,700 --> 02:15:45,900
days. 
Waiting for him to notice her, 

2479
02:15:45,900 --> 02:15:49,800
she's engineered this entire 
encounter, making herself, just 

2480
02:15:49,800 --> 02:15:52,700
impossible enough to catch that 
he'd be intrigued. 

2481
02:15:52,700 --> 02:15:56,000
But stopping the moment he asked
directly because she wanted him 

2482
02:15:56,000 --> 02:15:59,400
to choose to engage with her as 
a person rather than a prize to 

2483
02:15:59,408 --> 02:16:02,300
be captured. 
It's one of medieval 

2484
02:16:02,300 --> 02:16:05,500
literature's, great meat cutes 
if you think about it, the 

2485
02:16:05,500 --> 02:16:08,300
supernatural being courting 
Immortal Lord by making him work

2486
02:16:08,300 --> 02:16:11,600
for the privilege of talking to 
her, then revealing that she has

2487
02:16:11,600 --> 02:16:14,900
been hoping he'd show interest 
all along Hills reaction to Reon

2488
02:16:14,900 --> 02:16:17,300
and declaration is worth 
examining because it tells you 

2489
02:16:17,300 --> 02:16:19,800
something about his character. 
He doesn't panic. 

2490
02:16:19,800 --> 02:16:23,700
Doesn't question his sanity and 
doesn't demand proof that she is

2491
02:16:23,700 --> 02:16:27,000
telling the truth instead. 
He essentially says yes, he'd be

2492
02:16:27,000 --> 02:16:30,200
honored to marry her and all. 
So he has no idea how to make 

2493
02:16:30,200 --> 02:16:33,000
that happen, given that she is. 
Apparently from another realm 

2494
02:16:33,000 --> 02:16:34,799
and already promised to someone 
else. 

2495
02:16:34,799 --> 02:16:37,200
It's a remarkably honest 
response. 

2496
02:16:37,200 --> 02:16:40,299
Most medieval Heroes would 
Bluster about their prowess or 

2497
02:16:40,299 --> 02:16:43,400
make Grand declarations. 
Will admit he's out of his depth

2498
02:16:43,400 --> 02:16:46,600
and ask for guidance which turns
out to be exactly the right 

2499
02:16:46,600 --> 02:16:49,400
approach when dealing with 
supernatural beings who valued 

2500
02:16:49,400 --> 02:16:54,100
straightforwardness Rhiannon, in
turn shows the kind of practical

2501
02:16:54,100 --> 02:16:57,000
thinking that will characterize 
her throughout the story. 

2502
02:16:57,000 --> 02:17:00,500
She doesn't expect will to storm
the other world or fight for her

2503
02:17:00,500 --> 02:17:03,799
hand in single combat. 
Instead, she explains that she's

2504
02:17:03,799 --> 02:17:06,500
been promised to a man named 
gwal through trickery and 

2505
02:17:06,500 --> 02:17:08,900
pressure from her family, but 
she doesn't want him. 

2506
02:17:08,900 --> 02:17:11,299
She wants will, and she has a 
plan. 

2507
02:17:11,299 --> 02:17:15,200
The plan is delightfully 
specific a year from now, there 

2508
02:17:15,200 --> 02:17:18,700
will be a feast in her father's 
Court ostensibly celebrating her

2509
02:17:18,700 --> 02:17:21,900
impending marriage to wall, will
should attend this Feast with 

2510
02:17:21,900 --> 02:17:23,500
100 nights, but keep them 
waiting outside. 

2511
02:17:23,500 --> 02:17:27,200
He should enter alone to Skies 
as a beggar, carrying a small 

2512
02:17:27,200 --> 02:17:31,600
bag that Rihanna will give him. 
Then at the crucial moment, he 

2513
02:17:31,600 --> 02:17:34,900
should ask wall for a single 
favor just enough food to fill 

2514
02:17:34,900 --> 02:17:38,400
the bag. 
The bag she explains is magical.

2515
02:17:38,400 --> 02:17:41,000
It can never be filled by 
ordinary means. 

2516
02:17:41,000 --> 02:17:43,299
No matter how much food is put 
into it. 

2517
02:17:43,299 --> 02:17:45,100
There will always be room for 
more. 

2518
02:17:45,900 --> 02:17:48,900
The only way to fill it is for a
wealthy man to step into it and 

2519
02:17:48,900 --> 02:17:52,500
declare that enough has been 
given when gwal inevitably does 

2520
02:17:52,500 --> 02:17:55,200
this, because he'll want to 
appear generous and be done with

2521
02:17:55,200 --> 02:17:56,400
this strange. 
Beggars request. 

2522
02:17:57,200 --> 02:18:00,100
Will should trap him in the bag 
and his Knight should rush in. 

2523
02:18:00,100 --> 02:18:04,400
It's a plan that requires 
patience disguise and a 

2524
02:18:04,400 --> 02:18:07,500
willingness to look foolish in 
front of another worldly Court. 

2525
02:18:07,500 --> 02:18:11,200
It also requires trust will has 
to believe that Rhiannon is 

2526
02:18:11,200 --> 02:18:13,299
telling him the truth and that 
her magical bag will work as 

2527
02:18:13,299 --> 02:18:15,400
promised will agree to all of 
this. 

2528
02:18:15,400 --> 02:18:18,400
He takes the bag. 
Rhiannon offers promises to 

2529
02:18:18,400 --> 02:18:22,100
appear at the feast in a year's 
time and then showing unusual 

2530
02:18:22,100 --> 02:18:25,900
restraint for a medieval hero, 
doesn't try to kiss her or seal 

2531
02:18:25,900 --> 02:18:29,700
the bargain with anything beyond
his word they part ways and 

2532
02:18:29,700 --> 02:18:31,299
Rhiannon rides off on her white 
horse. 

2533
02:18:31,299 --> 02:18:34,700
At that same unhurried Pace 
while will returns to his court 

2534
02:18:34,700 --> 02:18:37,400
to spend a year thinking about 
the extraordinary woman, he's 

2535
02:18:37,400 --> 02:18:41,700
promised to marry that year must
have felt long and trying to 

2536
02:18:41,708 --> 02:18:44,000
focus on The Daily Business of 
ruling a kingdom. 

2537
02:18:44,008 --> 02:18:47,700
While knowing that in 12 months,
you'll be attempting to trick 

2538
02:18:47,700 --> 02:18:50,200
and other worldly Noble at his 
own engagement party. 

2539
02:18:50,200 --> 02:18:53,400
Using a magical bag that 
supposedly never fills. 

2540
02:18:53,400 --> 02:18:56,400
You'd probably find yourself 
double checking that the bag was

2541
02:18:56,400 --> 02:18:58,799
still there wandering. 
If you'd imagine the whole 

2542
02:18:58,799 --> 02:19:01,799
encounter and practicing what 
you'd say when you showed up 

2543
02:19:01,799 --> 02:19:05,799
dressed as a beggar, But will 
keeps his word, when the year 

2544
02:19:05,799 --> 02:19:09,100
passes, he gathers his 100 best 
nights and rides to the 

2545
02:19:09,100 --> 02:19:10,799
location, Rihanna, and 
specifying. 

2546
02:19:10,799 --> 02:19:13,000
He finds her father's Court, 
exactly. 

2547
02:19:13,000 --> 02:19:15,799
Where she said it would be 
because otherworldly beings 

2548
02:19:15,799 --> 02:19:19,200
don't give false directions and 
positions is men outside as 

2549
02:19:19,200 --> 02:19:22,200
instructed. 
Then comes the hard, part 

2550
02:19:22,200 --> 02:19:26,100
transforming himself from a 
lured into a convincing beggar, 

2551
02:19:26,100 --> 02:19:29,200
will puts on ragged clothes 
properly rub, some dirt on his 

2552
02:19:29,200 --> 02:19:32,400
face and adopts, the posture of 
someone asking for charity, 

2553
02:19:32,400 --> 02:19:35,200
rather than commanding. 
It, it's a complete inversion of

2554
02:19:35,200 --> 02:19:38,500
his normal role and doing it. 
Voluntarily requires a kind of 

2555
02:19:38,500 --> 02:19:40,900
humility that many medieval 
Nobles lacked. 

2556
02:19:41,500 --> 02:19:44,500
He enters the hall during the 
feast and the scene must have 

2557
02:19:44,500 --> 02:19:46,900
been spectacular. 
Other worldly courts. 

2558
02:19:46,900 --> 02:19:50,800
In Welsh mythology aren't quite 
like Mortal ones their brighter 

2559
02:19:50,800 --> 02:19:54,100
richer and More Beautiful in 
ways that a slightly unsettling 

2560
02:19:54,100 --> 02:19:58,000
because they're too perfect. 
The food never runs out the 

2561
02:19:58,000 --> 02:20:01,200
musicians, never miss a note, 
and everyone is just attractive.

2562
02:20:01,200 --> 02:20:03,100
Enough to make, you wonder if 
you are under dressed for the 

2563
02:20:03,108 --> 02:20:05,800
occasion. 
Will see his Rihanna and seated 

2564
02:20:05,800 --> 02:20:08,900
at the high table between her 
father and Gore, who presumably 

2565
02:20:08,900 --> 02:20:12,200
thinks this is his wedding feast
and is probably feeling pretty 

2566
02:20:12,200 --> 02:20:15,100
pleased with himself. 
Rhiannon sees will too though, 

2567
02:20:15,100 --> 02:20:16,500
she gives no sign of 
recognition. 

2568
02:20:16,500 --> 02:20:19,300
She's playing her part, 
perfectly waiting for him to 

2569
02:20:19,300 --> 02:20:22,900
play his Will approaches the 
high table and makes his request

2570
02:20:22,900 --> 02:20:26,100
with appropriate deference. 
He's just a poor Wanderer asking

2571
02:20:26,100 --> 02:20:28,900
for a little Charity. 
Just enough food to fill this 

2572
02:20:28,900 --> 02:20:31,600
small bag. 
He's carrying Surely such a 

2573
02:20:31,600 --> 02:20:33,800
grand Feast can spare something 
for a hungry Traveler. 

2574
02:20:34,400 --> 02:20:37,700
The request seems modest even 
generous to refuse. 

2575
02:20:37,700 --> 02:20:41,500
Rhiannon's father displaying the
hospitality that otherworldly, 

2576
02:20:41,500 --> 02:20:45,700
Nobles Pride themselves on 
agrees immediately wall, not 

2577
02:20:45,700 --> 02:20:47,600
wanting to appear less generous 
than his future. 

2578
02:20:47,600 --> 02:20:50,800
Father-in-law endorses this 
charity enthusiastically. 

2579
02:20:51,700 --> 02:20:53,100
Servants. 
Begin filling the bag. 

2580
02:20:53,100 --> 02:20:57,100
They put in bread, meat, fruit, 
and Delicacies from the feast 

2581
02:20:57,100 --> 02:20:59,500
table, the bag, swallows it all 
without appearing. 

2582
02:20:59,500 --> 02:21:02,400
Any Fuller, more food, goes in 
still nothing. 

2583
02:21:02,400 --> 02:21:06,600
The servants look confused, then
concerned then slightly 

2584
02:21:06,600 --> 02:21:09,200
panicked, as they keep filling 
this impossible bag while the 

2585
02:21:09,200 --> 02:21:13,500
beggar stands patiently waiting.
Finally gwal, probably more 

2586
02:21:13,500 --> 02:21:15,300
irritated than generous by this 
point. 

2587
02:21:16,000 --> 02:21:20,600
Asks what it would take to fill 
the bag will following Rhiannon 

2588
02:21:20,600 --> 02:21:24,300
script exactly explains that the
bag can only be satisfied when a

2589
02:21:24,300 --> 02:21:27,300
true nobleman steps into it and 
declares that enough has been 

2590
02:21:27,308 --> 02:21:30,800
given and gwal perhaps wanting 
to end this strange spectacle, 

2591
02:21:30,800 --> 02:21:35,600
perhaps pushed by Pride steps 
into the bag, the moment his 

2592
02:21:35,600 --> 02:21:37,400
feet touched. 
The bottom will pull the bag 

2593
02:21:37,400 --> 02:21:40,700
closed and ties its shut, he 
whistles and his Knights pour 

2594
02:21:40,700 --> 02:21:43,000
into the Hall. 
What follows is sometimes called

2595
02:21:43,000 --> 02:21:45,800
badger in the bag. 
The knights take turns hitting 

2596
02:21:45,800 --> 02:21:48,700
the bag with sticks while wall 
trapped inside protest 

2597
02:21:48,700 --> 02:21:52,400
vigorously, its violence with a 
cartoonish quality more 

2598
02:21:52,400 --> 02:21:56,800
humiliation than actual harm and
it serves its purpose wall. 

2599
02:21:56,800 --> 02:21:59,600
Eventually agrees to give up his
claim on Rihanna in exchange for

2600
02:21:59,600 --> 02:22:03,100
being released Swearing Oaths 
that he won't seek revenge 

2601
02:22:03,100 --> 02:22:07,100
rhiannon's father faced with a 
situation that is clearly moved 

2602
02:22:07,100 --> 02:22:10,800
Beyond his control. 
Accepts the new arrangement And 

2603
02:22:10,800 --> 02:22:13,300
just like that through a 
combination of magical 

2604
02:22:13,300 --> 02:22:17,100
assistance, careful planning and
a willingness to look foolish 

2605
02:22:17,100 --> 02:22:21,000
will win. 
His bride will and rhiannon's 

2606
02:22:21,000 --> 02:22:24,300
wedding, must have been an event
worth witnessing, a mortal, Lord

2607
02:22:24,300 --> 02:22:27,400
marrying, a woman from NW with 
guests from both worlds. 

2608
02:22:27,400 --> 02:22:30,400
Presumably in attendance, the 
text doesn't give us many 

2609
02:22:30,400 --> 02:22:33,800
details but you can imagine the 
mixture of Welsh nobility trying

2610
02:22:33,800 --> 02:22:35,500
to maintain proper Feast 
protocol. 

2611
02:22:35,500 --> 02:22:38,800
While other worldly guests did 
things that probably made the 

2612
02:22:38,800 --> 02:22:41,800
Mortal attendees question, their
understanding of physics and 

2613
02:22:41,800 --> 02:22:45,500
etiquette, what the text does 
emphasize is rhiannon's 

2614
02:22:45,500 --> 02:22:47,900
extraordinary, generosity as the
feast progresses. 

2615
02:22:47,900 --> 02:22:50,000
She gives gifts to everyone who 
asks for them. 

2616
02:22:50,000 --> 02:22:53,200
In medieval Welsh culture, 
generosity was one of the 

2617
02:22:53,200 --> 02:22:56,400
highest virtues. 
Specially for nobility, a good 

2618
02:22:56,408 --> 02:22:59,900
Lord, or lady was expected to 
give freely and the quality of 

2619
02:22:59,900 --> 02:23:02,100
your reputation. 
Often depended on how open 

2620
02:23:02,100 --> 02:23:05,500
handed you were real and take 
this to Supernatural levels. 

2621
02:23:05,500 --> 02:23:09,800
She doesn't just give gifs, she 
gives perfect gifts, the kind 

2622
02:23:09,800 --> 02:23:12,900
that somehow matching exactly 
what each person needs or wants.

2623
02:23:13,800 --> 02:23:17,500
Its generosity that goes beyond 
near wealth and enters the realm

2624
02:23:17,500 --> 02:23:20,100
of almost magical understanding 
of human desire. 

2625
02:23:20,100 --> 02:23:23,300
The text tells us that no one 
leaves the feast disappointed or

2626
02:23:23,300 --> 02:23:26,500
refused which in medieval terms 
as basically saying, she 

2627
02:23:26,500 --> 02:23:29,800
achieved The Impossible. 
After the wedding, Rhiannon 

2628
02:23:29,800 --> 02:23:32,700
returns with pool to DieHard and
they begin their life together. 

2629
02:23:32,700 --> 02:23:36,100
Here's where the story does 
something interesting, instead 

2630
02:23:36,100 --> 02:23:40,300
of immediately plunging into 
crisis, it gives them time a 

2631
02:23:40,300 --> 02:23:43,300
full year of apparent happiness,
where Rhiannon proves herself to

2632
02:23:43,300 --> 02:23:45,500
be everything, quills Court 
could want in a lady. 

2633
02:23:45,500 --> 02:23:49,200
She's generous with Will's 
subjects, continuing the pattern

2634
02:23:49,200 --> 02:23:51,100
of gift-giving. 
She displayed, at the wedding, 

2635
02:23:51,100 --> 02:23:54,100
she's wise in her Council 
helping quill. 

2636
02:23:54,100 --> 02:23:56,000
Make decisions about governance 
and Justice. 

2637
02:23:56,000 --> 02:23:59,700
She integrates herself into 
mortal Society, while 

2638
02:23:59,700 --> 02:24:02,400
maintaining an other worldly 
Grace, that makes her memorable.

2639
02:24:02,400 --> 02:24:06,400
The text suggests that people 
genuinely loved her, not out of 

2640
02:24:06,400 --> 02:24:09,400
fear or obligation, but because 
she treats them with a 

2641
02:24:09,400 --> 02:24:12,600
combination of dignity and 
kindness that transcends, her 

2642
02:24:12,600 --> 02:24:17,100
Supernatural Origins, This is 
important to understand because 

2643
02:24:17,100 --> 02:24:21,100
of what comes next. 
When disaster strikes, it won't 

2644
02:24:21,100 --> 02:24:24,500
be because Rhiannon was a poor 
wife or lady it won't be because

2645
02:24:24,500 --> 02:24:26,300
she fail to earn her place in 
quills. 

2646
02:24:26,300 --> 02:24:29,400
Court, the tragedy that is 
coming, isn't a result of her 

2647
02:24:29,400 --> 02:24:32,000
inadequacy. 
It's a result of forces Beyond 

2648
02:24:32,000 --> 02:24:35,700
her control and accusations that
say more about human nature than

2649
02:24:35,700 --> 02:24:38,800
about her character. 
But for now, for one year, 

2650
02:24:38,800 --> 02:24:43,400
everything is perfect will has 
his other worldly bride Rihanna,

2651
02:24:43,400 --> 02:24:46,300
and has escaped and unwanted 
marriage and died. 

2652
02:24:46,300 --> 02:24:49,700
Has a lady whose generosity and 
wisdom benefit, everyone, it's a

2653
02:24:49,708 --> 02:24:52,900
brief Shining Moment before the 
story takes its darker turn. 

2654
02:24:53,600 --> 02:24:56,200
You might find yourself wishing.
The story could stay in this 

2655
02:24:56,200 --> 02:25:00,400
space, just let them be happy. 
Let the magical woman and her 

2656
02:25:00,400 --> 02:25:03,700
mortal husband live out their 
days in peace but stories like 

2657
02:25:03,700 --> 02:25:07,000
life rarely work that way. 
The piece we are experiencing is

2658
02:25:07,000 --> 02:25:09,000
the calm that makes the coming 
storm meaningful. 

2659
02:25:09,800 --> 02:25:11,700
As you settle deeper into your 
blanket. 

2660
02:25:11,700 --> 02:25:15,500
Remember this year of Happiness?
Hold it in your mind, like a 

2661
02:25:15,500 --> 02:25:18,200
pleasant dream, because Rhiannon
will need you to remember it. 

2662
02:25:18,200 --> 02:25:21,000
When people start making 
accusations and demanding 

2663
02:25:21,000 --> 02:25:23,000
punishments, you'll need to 
remember that. 

2664
02:25:23,000 --> 02:25:26,700
There was a time when everyone 
loved her when no one questioned

2665
02:25:26,700 --> 02:25:30,200
her place in quills Court, when 
she was the perfect lady whose 

2666
02:25:30,200 --> 02:25:33,800
generosity knew no bounds. 
That memory will matter more 

2667
02:25:33,800 --> 02:25:36,700
than you might think. 
After that year of Happiness, 

2668
02:25:36,700 --> 02:25:40,400
Rhiannon becomes pregnant. 
This is cause for celebration in

2669
02:25:40,400 --> 02:25:42,800
any medieval court, but 
especially in dived. 

2670
02:25:43,500 --> 02:25:46,300
An air means continuity, 
stability and the promise that 

2671
02:25:46,300 --> 02:25:49,200
the kingdom will pass to the 
next generation without conflict

2672
02:25:49,200 --> 02:25:52,900
will and Rihanna's child will 
Bridge Two Worlds, mortal and 

2673
02:25:52,900 --> 02:25:55,400
otherworldly and that's an 
exciting prospect. 

2674
02:25:56,400 --> 02:25:59,300
The pregnancy proceeds normally,
and when the time comes, 

2675
02:25:59,300 --> 02:26:03,600
Rhiannon gives birth to a son. 
The text emphasizes this detail 

2676
02:26:03,600 --> 02:26:06,800
a healthy, boy, crying. 
Lastly, perfect in every way 

2677
02:26:06,800 --> 02:26:11,100
midwives, attend her as was 
customary for Noble births and 

2678
02:26:11,100 --> 02:26:12,700
six. 
Women are assigned to watch over

2679
02:26:12,700 --> 02:26:14,800
mother and child during The 
crucial first night. 

2680
02:26:16,100 --> 02:26:18,600
This is where you need to 
understand another aspect of 

2681
02:26:18,600 --> 02:26:21,600
medieval belief. 
Time immediately after birth was

2682
02:26:21,600 --> 02:26:25,000
considered dangerous, a liminal 
period, when both mother and 

2683
02:26:25,000 --> 02:26:27,300
child were vulnerable to 
Supernatural forces. 

2684
02:26:27,300 --> 02:26:29,900
That's why six women were 
assigned to keep watch. 

2685
02:26:29,900 --> 02:26:34,200
This wasn't casual babysitting, 
it was serious protective Duty, 

2686
02:26:34,200 --> 02:26:38,000
their job was to stay awake all 
night, ensuring nothing happened

2687
02:26:38,000 --> 02:26:40,700
to the child. 
They fail at this job in the 

2688
02:26:40,700 --> 02:26:44,400
most dramatic way, possible 
sometime during the night, all 

2689
02:26:44,400 --> 02:26:48,100
six women fall asleep, not one 
at a time, not in the natural 

2690
02:26:48,100 --> 02:26:49,600
way. 
People get drowsy on a long 

2691
02:26:49,608 --> 02:26:53,600
watch but simultaneously, as if 
some Supernatural force is 

2692
02:26:53,600 --> 02:26:55,200
simply turned off their 
Consciousness. 

2693
02:26:55,200 --> 02:26:58,400
Like switching off a light when 
they wake up, probably in the 

2694
02:26:58,400 --> 02:27:01,000
gray hour before Dawn. 
They face every guardian's 

2695
02:27:01,000 --> 02:27:04,000
nightmare the baby is gone. 
Just gone. 

2696
02:27:04,000 --> 02:27:07,400
No sign of violence. 
No, indication of how someone 

2697
02:27:07,400 --> 02:27:10,100
could have entered the room, 
taking the child and left 

2698
02:27:10,100 --> 02:27:13,400
without disturbing anyone. 
The Cradle is empty and six 

2699
02:27:13,400 --> 02:27:14,900
women who are supposed to be 
watching. 

2700
02:27:14,900 --> 02:27:18,300
Suddenly realized they've lost 
the air to die and the child of 

2701
02:27:18,300 --> 02:27:21,300
a woman from anwen. 
Their first emotion is probably 

2702
02:27:21,300 --> 02:27:24,900
Terror in medieval Wales losing 
a noble child through negligence

2703
02:27:24,900 --> 02:27:28,300
could result in severe 
punishment, possibly execution 6

2704
02:27:28,300 --> 02:27:31,800
women all of whom fell asleep on
duty, all of whom have no 

2705
02:27:31,800 --> 02:27:34,900
explanation for what happened. 
Their facing disgrace at best 

2706
02:27:34,900 --> 02:27:38,400
death at worst. 
So they make a decision that 

2707
02:27:38,400 --> 02:27:41,200
will Define the rest of 
rhiannon's story, instead of 

2708
02:27:41,200 --> 02:27:43,200
telling the truth and accepting 
their punishment. 

2709
02:27:43,200 --> 02:27:47,100
They decide to blame Rhiannon. 
The plan they devise is 

2710
02:27:47,108 --> 02:27:50,000
horrific. 
They take puppies the text 

2711
02:27:50,000 --> 02:27:53,700
specifies, puppies young dogs 
from the court and kill them. 

2712
02:27:53,700 --> 02:27:56,700
They smear the blood on 
rhiannon's face and hands while 

2713
02:27:56,700 --> 02:28:00,900
she sleeps exhausted from 
childbirth, they scatter bones 

2714
02:28:00,900 --> 02:28:04,000
around her bed. 
Then when she wakes, they tell 

2715
02:28:04,000 --> 02:28:06,800
everyone that Rhiannon has 
killed and eaten her own child. 

2716
02:28:08,000 --> 02:28:11,900
It's an accusation of the most 
unnatural crime imaginable, a 

2717
02:28:11,900 --> 02:28:13,900
mother murdering and consuming 
her newborn. 

2718
02:28:13,900 --> 02:28:17,200
It plays on deep fears about the
boundary between human and 

2719
02:28:17,200 --> 02:28:20,200
animal about maternal Instinct 
perverted into something. 

2720
02:28:20,200 --> 02:28:23,800
Monstrous, it also plays on 
existing prejudices about 

2721
02:28:23,800 --> 02:28:25,400
rhiannon's, other worldly 
nature. 

2722
02:28:25,400 --> 02:28:29,200
She's not quite like other 
women, so perhaps she's capable 

2723
02:28:29,200 --> 02:28:32,000
of things. 
Other women would never do when 

2724
02:28:32,000 --> 02:28:35,200
Rhiannon wakes to find herself, 
covered in blood, surrounded by 

2725
02:28:35,200 --> 02:28:39,100
bones, and Accused by six 
Witnesses of infanticide, and 

2726
02:28:39,100 --> 02:28:43,100
cannibalism, she denies it. 
Absolutely, she knows what 

2727
02:28:43,100 --> 02:28:45,300
happened or rather, she knows 
what didn't happen. 

2728
02:28:45,300 --> 02:28:48,500
She didn't kill her child. 
She doesn't know where he is, 

2729
02:28:48,500 --> 02:28:51,500
but she knows with complete 
certainty that she didn't harm 

2730
02:28:51,500 --> 02:28:55,200
him, but she is facing six women
who all tell the same story, 

2731
02:28:55,200 --> 02:28:58,200
physical evidence, that seems to
support their account. 

2732
02:28:58,200 --> 02:29:02,100
And a court full of people who 
are shocked, horrified and 

2733
02:29:02,100 --> 02:29:05,500
looking for someone to blame for
this tragedy will find himself 

2734
02:29:05,500 --> 02:29:07,800
in an impossible situation on 
one. 

2735
02:29:08,000 --> 02:29:09,900
Hand. 
He knows Rhiannon has lived with

2736
02:29:09,908 --> 02:29:12,500
her, for over a year and has 
seen her generosity and 

2737
02:29:12,500 --> 02:29:15,600
kindness. 
On the other hand, he has six 

2738
02:29:15,600 --> 02:29:18,700
Witnesses, physical evidence and
a missing child. 

2739
02:29:18,700 --> 02:29:22,800
His Nobles are demanding that he
put Rhiannon aside to water, and

2740
02:29:22,800 --> 02:29:26,400
possibly execute her for this 
unnatural crime, to his credit 

2741
02:29:26,400 --> 02:29:30,100
Will refuses to divorce her, 
despite the pressure, despite 

2742
02:29:30,100 --> 02:29:32,900
the evidence, despite how much 
easier it would be, to Simply 

2743
02:29:32,900 --> 02:29:36,500
cut his losses and find another 
wife, he won't abandon her. 

2744
02:29:36,500 --> 02:29:39,500
It's one of the few moments, 
where will fully lives up to his

2745
02:29:39,500 --> 02:29:41,900
name, showing the wisdom and 
loyalty that. 

2746
02:29:41,900 --> 02:29:45,200
Presumably made him a good Lord 
in the first place, but he can't

2747
02:29:45,200 --> 02:29:48,400
completely Shield Rihanna, and 
from consequences, the court 

2748
02:29:48,400 --> 02:29:51,100
demands, some form of 
punishment, some acknowledgment 

2749
02:29:51,100 --> 02:29:53,500
that something terrible has 
happened and someone must answer

2750
02:29:53,500 --> 02:29:55,900
for it. 
A compromises reached though, 

2751
02:29:55,900 --> 02:29:58,400
it's a compromise that will test
real and in ways that might be 

2752
02:29:58,400 --> 02:30:02,500
worse than execution. 
The punishment. 

2753
02:30:02,500 --> 02:30:05,200
They devised for Rihanna in his 
specific and deliberately 

2754
02:30:05,200 --> 02:30:08,500
humiliating for seven years. 
She must sit by the mounting 

2755
02:30:08,500 --> 02:30:10,100
block at the entrance to pulls 
Court. 

2756
02:30:10,900 --> 02:30:14,300
Every person who arrives, you 
must tell them her story that 

2757
02:30:14,300 --> 02:30:17,500
she killed her own child, she 
must offer to carry them on her 

2758
02:30:17,500 --> 02:30:20,700
back like a horse, transporting 
them from the gate to the court.

2759
02:30:20,700 --> 02:30:25,200
Think about what this means, 
Rhiannon, the lady who wrote The

2760
02:30:25,200 --> 02:30:28,200
White Horse that couldn't be 
caught, is being reduced to a 

2761
02:30:28,200 --> 02:30:31,000
beast of burden herself. 
The woman who gave generous 

2762
02:30:31,000 --> 02:30:33,800
gifts to everyone is now forced 
to offer her own body, as 

2763
02:30:33,800 --> 02:30:36,300
transport. 
The wife of the Lord, must sit 

2764
02:30:36,300 --> 02:30:38,900
at the gate, like a criminal, 
confessing to a crime, she 

2765
02:30:38,900 --> 02:30:42,000
didn't commit over and over to 
every visitor, who arrives, 

2766
02:30:43,100 --> 02:30:46,600
Punishment has Perpetual 
performance humiliation has 

2767
02:30:46,600 --> 02:30:50,300
daily routine and it's designed 
to continue for seven years, 

2768
02:30:50,300 --> 02:30:54,000
long enough that most people 
would break would confess to 

2769
02:30:54,000 --> 02:30:57,500
anything just to make it stop 
and would lose themselves in the

2770
02:30:57,500 --> 02:31:00,800
repetition of Shame. 
But here's what makes Rihanna 

2771
02:31:00,800 --> 02:31:04,600
and remarkable. 
She endures it day after day, 

2772
02:31:04,600 --> 02:31:06,800
season after season year after 
year. 

2773
02:31:06,800 --> 02:31:10,100
She sits at that gate when 
visitors arrive, she tells them 

2774
02:31:10,100 --> 02:31:12,300
the story of her supposed crime,
in a steady voice. 

2775
02:31:12,300 --> 02:31:15,900
When they look at her with 
horror or pity or disgust, she 

2776
02:31:15,900 --> 02:31:19,000
meets their eyes when some 
accept her to carry them. 

2777
02:31:19,000 --> 02:31:22,300
And the text suggests many do 
either out of Cruelty or 

2778
02:31:22,300 --> 02:31:24,600
curiosity. 
She bares their weight with 

2779
02:31:24,600 --> 02:31:27,500
without complaint. 
The text doesn't dwell on these 

2780
02:31:27,500 --> 02:31:30,800
seven years in detail, but let's
think about what they must have 

2781
02:31:30,800 --> 02:31:33,300
been. 
Like seven years is long enough 

2782
02:31:33,300 --> 02:31:36,700
that children grow from infancy 
to Childhood long enough that 

2783
02:31:36,700 --> 02:31:40,100
Seasons become just another form
of measurement and long enough 

2784
02:31:40,100 --> 02:31:42,600
that the person you were at the 
beginning might seem like a 

2785
02:31:42,608 --> 02:31:46,000
Stranger by the end. 
Rhiannon endures Welsh weather 

2786
02:31:46,000 --> 02:31:49,300
rain that comes sideways wind 
that cuts through clothing. 

2787
02:31:49,300 --> 02:31:51,500
Summer heat. 
That makes Stones too hot to 

2788
02:31:51,500 --> 02:31:54,300
touch and winter cold that 
settles into bones. 

2789
02:31:54,300 --> 02:31:57,500
She endures the stairs of people
who think they're looking at a 

2790
02:31:57,500 --> 02:31:59,200
monster. 
She endures the weight of 

2791
02:31:59,200 --> 02:32:02,400
Travelers on her back, the stone
of the mounting block beneath 

2792
02:32:02,400 --> 02:32:05,800
her and the endless repetition 
of her own story told as a 

2793
02:32:05,800 --> 02:32:09,300
confession And through it all, 
she maintained something 

2794
02:32:09,300 --> 02:32:12,400
essential about herself. 
She doesn't become bitter or 

2795
02:32:12,400 --> 02:32:14,500
broken. 
She doesn't lash out at the 

2796
02:32:14,500 --> 02:32:17,600
women, who lied about her or 
demand that will investigate 

2797
02:32:17,600 --> 02:32:19,800
further. 
She simply endures with a kind 

2798
02:32:19,800 --> 02:32:22,900
of quiet dignity that suggests 
she knows the truth, even if no 

2799
02:32:22,900 --> 02:32:26,600
one else believes her This is 
where Rhiannon transforms from a

2800
02:32:26,600 --> 02:32:29,200
supernatural woman choosing her 
own destiny in to something 

2801
02:32:29,200 --> 02:32:32,700
else. 
Figure of endurance patience and

2802
02:32:32,700 --> 02:32:36,500
strength that goes beyond magic 
or otherworldly power anyone can

2803
02:32:36,500 --> 02:32:39,600
be powerful when they have 
advantages Rhiannon is showing 

2804
02:32:39,608 --> 02:32:43,100
what remains when all advantages
are Stripped Away medieval 

2805
02:32:43,100 --> 02:32:45,200
audiences would have recognized 
what was happening here. 

2806
02:32:45,200 --> 02:32:48,500
The patient wife wrongly accused
was a common Motif in their 

2807
02:32:48,500 --> 02:32:51,000
literature, but rhiannon's 
version has a particular 

2808
02:32:51,000 --> 02:32:53,400
quality. 
She's not waiting passively to 

2809
02:32:53,400 --> 02:32:56,000
be rescued. 
She's actively surviving 

2810
02:32:56,000 --> 02:32:59,000
choosing each data continued to 
maintain her dignity and 

2811
02:32:59,000 --> 02:33:01,100
circumstances designed to 
destroy it. 

2812
02:33:02,000 --> 02:33:05,600
The seven years are all so 
biblically significant a 

2813
02:33:05,600 --> 02:33:10,100
complete cycle a time of trial 
and testing Jacob Works seven 

2814
02:33:10,100 --> 02:33:13,300
years for Rachel the Israelites 
Circle Jericho for seven days 

2815
02:33:13,300 --> 02:33:16,400
seven years suggests both 
endurance and eventual 

2816
02:33:16,400 --> 02:33:19,600
completion suffering and the 
promise of change. 

2817
02:33:20,500 --> 02:33:23,500
But the text doesn't ask us to 
Simply skip over these years to 

2818
02:33:23,500 --> 02:33:26,600
get to the resolution by 
mentioning the seven years span.

2819
02:33:26,600 --> 02:33:29,800
It's asking us to sit with 
Rihanna and suffering to 

2820
02:33:29,800 --> 02:33:33,100
understand that her Vindication 
when it comes is earned through 

2821
02:33:33,100 --> 02:33:35,000
patience that most people could 
not sustain. 

2822
02:33:36,200 --> 02:33:39,100
As you lie in the comfort of 
your bed warm and safe. 

2823
02:33:39,100 --> 02:33:41,500
Think about sitting at a gate 
for seven years. 

2824
02:33:41,500 --> 02:33:44,900
Think about telling the same 
humiliating story to strangers 

2825
02:33:44,900 --> 02:33:47,900
day after day. 
Think about maintaining your 

2826
02:33:47,900 --> 02:33:50,900
sense of self when everything 
around you insists, You're 

2827
02:33:50,900 --> 02:33:55,300
Something monstrous. 
Rhiannon does this, she survives

2828
02:33:55,300 --> 02:33:57,700
her punishment with her 
essential self intact. 

2829
02:33:58,700 --> 02:34:01,600
And while she sits at that gate 
in another part of the Kingdom, 

2830
02:34:01,600 --> 02:34:05,700
her son is growing up. 
On the same night that 

2831
02:34:05,700 --> 02:34:09,000
rhiannon's child disappeared. 
Something strange happened at 

2832
02:34:09,008 --> 02:34:11,900
the home of a nobleman named 
tenant roughly aunt. 

2833
02:34:11,900 --> 02:34:14,200
Tanon had a beautiful mayor that
gave birth. 

2834
02:34:14,200 --> 02:34:17,400
Every May Eve, but mysteriously 
the foal always vanished before 

2835
02:34:17,400 --> 02:34:20,100
morning, year after year. 
The mayor would deliver a 

2836
02:34:20,100 --> 02:34:22,700
perfect fold and year after 
year, it would disappear Without

2837
02:34:22,700 --> 02:34:26,500
a Trace. 
This particular May Eve the same

2838
02:34:26,500 --> 02:34:29,900
night Rihanna and gave birth 
turn and decided he'd had enough

2839
02:34:29,900 --> 02:34:32,500
of this pattern. 
He determined to stay awake all 

2840
02:34:32,500 --> 02:34:35,800
night in the stable armed and 
ready to discover what was 

2841
02:34:35,800 --> 02:34:38,600
taking his foals. 
So while six women were falling 

2842
02:34:38,600 --> 02:34:41,900
into Supernatural, sleep in 
quills, Court, 10 and was 

2843
02:34:41,900 --> 02:34:45,800
forcing himself to stay awake in
his stable, watching his mayor 

2844
02:34:45,800 --> 02:34:49,600
labor, the full was born, a 
magnificent cult, even by the 

2845
02:34:49,600 --> 02:34:52,600
mayor's, high standards 10 and 
admired it for a moment, 

2846
02:34:52,600 --> 02:34:55,800
probably feeling protective and 
determined that this time, 

2847
02:34:55,800 --> 02:35:00,400
finally, he'd save, one of these
foals Then exactly, at midnight,

2848
02:35:00,400 --> 02:35:02,500
something reached through the 
window. 

2849
02:35:03,500 --> 02:35:08,100
The text describes it as a claw 
or arm of enormous size grabbing

2850
02:35:08,100 --> 02:35:11,100
for the newborn foal. 
Turn on, without hesitation 

2851
02:35:11,100 --> 02:35:13,700
drew, his sword and struck at it
severing the arm at the elbow, 

2852
02:35:13,700 --> 02:35:17,100
whatever creature it, belonged 
to screamed and vanished Into 

2853
02:35:17,100 --> 02:35:20,100
the Night. 
Turn on rushed outside to pursue

2854
02:35:20,100 --> 02:35:22,500
it sword. 
Ready prepared to fight whatever

2855
02:35:22,500 --> 02:35:26,200
monster had been stealing his 
foals for years but he found 

2856
02:35:26,200 --> 02:35:29,000
nothing. 
Just darkness and the sound of 

2857
02:35:29,000 --> 02:35:32,100
something fleeing into the 
distance when he returned to the

2858
02:35:32,100 --> 02:35:34,300
stable frustrated at losing his 
Quarry. 

2859
02:35:34,300 --> 02:35:37,600
He discovered something that 
stopped him in his tracks on his

2860
02:35:37,600 --> 02:35:43,100
doorstep raped in fine cloth was
a baby boy. now, tan and was a 

2861
02:35:43,100 --> 02:35:46,500
practical man, not given to 
Flights of Fancy, but even he 

2862
02:35:46,500 --> 02:35:51,100
could put together the timeline 
The same night, a mysterious 

2863
02:35:51,100 --> 02:35:54,400
creature and a missing child 
wrapped in Noble cloth appeared 

2864
02:35:54,400 --> 02:35:56,800
at exactly the moment. 
He was fighting off something 

2865
02:35:56,800 --> 02:35:59,500
Supernatural. 
He brought the child inside his 

2866
02:35:59,500 --> 02:36:02,100
wife and they made a decision 
that speaks to their character. 

2867
02:36:02,100 --> 02:36:06,100
They would raise the boys. 
Their own turns wife had wanted 

2868
02:36:06,100 --> 02:36:09,100
children, but had none. 
So she welcomed this mysterious 

2869
02:36:09,100 --> 02:36:12,100
infant with genuine love, they 
named him green. 

2870
02:36:12,100 --> 02:36:15,700
Walt urine of the golden hair 
because his hair was as bright 

2871
02:36:15,700 --> 02:36:19,000
as polished metal. 
They told people he was hers, a 

2872
02:36:19,000 --> 02:36:21,600
late blessing and no one 
questioned it because medieval 

2873
02:36:21,600 --> 02:36:23,600
record keeping wasn't exactly 
stringent. 

2874
02:36:24,700 --> 02:36:29,700
Actually in rural nobility. 
And then something remarkable 

2875
02:36:29,700 --> 02:36:33,300
happened. 
Gri grew, not at a normal rate, 

2876
02:36:33,300 --> 02:36:36,900
but at a speed that was 
supernaturally, yet somehow 

2877
02:36:36,900 --> 02:36:38,900
natural by the end of his first 
year. 

2878
02:36:38,900 --> 02:36:41,900
He had the development of a 
three-year-old by the end of his

2879
02:36:41,900 --> 02:36:43,800
second year. 
He was like a child of six. 

2880
02:36:43,800 --> 02:36:49,000
He was bright, healthy strong, 
and remarkably good with horses.

2881
02:36:49,000 --> 02:36:51,900
Especially with the cult that 
had been born the same night. 

2882
02:36:51,900 --> 02:36:56,500
He appeared 10 and his wife 
raised green with love teaching 

2883
02:36:56,500 --> 02:37:00,500
him the skills appropriate to a 
young nobleman riding hunting 

2884
02:37:00,500 --> 02:37:04,200
courtesy and the management of a
household, the boy thrived in 

2885
02:37:04,200 --> 02:37:06,700
their care growing. 
Not just in size, but also 

2886
02:37:06,700 --> 02:37:10,200
incapability in character. 
He was everything parents could 

2887
02:37:10,200 --> 02:37:13,500
hope for kind Brave intelligent 
and loyal. 

2888
02:37:14,600 --> 02:37:17,900
But as Greek Grew Older, his 
resemblance to someone became 

2889
02:37:17,900 --> 02:37:21,800
impossible to ignore visitors to
tan on court started remarking 

2890
02:37:21,800 --> 02:37:24,200
on it. 
The boy looked remarkably like 

2891
02:37:24,200 --> 02:37:27,000
quill. 
The Lord of dived, not just a 

2892
02:37:27,000 --> 02:37:29,600
passing resemblance, but the 
kind of similarity that suggests

2893
02:37:29,600 --> 02:37:33,000
a blood relationship. 
Tenon began hearing stories 

2894
02:37:33,000 --> 02:37:36,500
about Will's Court, how the lady
Rhiannon had supposedly killed 

2895
02:37:36,500 --> 02:37:39,500
her child and how she'd been 
sitting at the gate for years. 

2896
02:37:39,500 --> 02:37:42,800
Now, confessing to the crime and
offering to carry visitors, like

2897
02:37:42,800 --> 02:37:46,900
a horse, the timeline matched, 
the appearance matched and that 

2898
02:37:46,900 --> 02:37:49,700
mysterious creature that had 
tried to steal the fold the same

2899
02:37:49,708 --> 02:37:53,800
night, a noble child 
disappeared, tin and faced a 

2900
02:37:53,800 --> 02:37:56,900
difficult Choice. 
He and his wife loved Greece as 

2901
02:37:56,900 --> 02:37:59,300
their own son. 
The boy called the mother and 

2902
02:37:59,300 --> 02:38:03,600
father and had no other family. 
They raced him through infancy 

2903
02:38:03,600 --> 02:38:07,000
and childhood celebrated his 
accomplishments and cared for 

2904
02:38:07,000 --> 02:38:08,800
him. 
When he was sick in, every way 

2905
02:38:08,800 --> 02:38:12,000
that mattered emotionally, he 
was their child but tan and was 

2906
02:38:12,000 --> 02:38:13,900
all. 
So a man of honor and the honor 

2907
02:38:13,900 --> 02:38:17,500
of the situation was clear. 
This was almost certainly will 

2908
02:38:17,500 --> 02:38:20,200
and Rihanna's son. 
A woman was suffering endless 

2909
02:38:20,200 --> 02:38:21,900
punishment for a crime. 
She didn't commit. 

2910
02:38:22,800 --> 02:38:25,900
A kingdom was without its 
rightful Heir and was keeping 

2911
02:38:25,900 --> 02:38:28,800
them all in ignorance. 
However, unintentionally had 

2912
02:38:28,800 --> 02:38:31,700
begun. 
The decision he made shows real 

2913
02:38:31,700 --> 02:38:35,100
nobility of character. 
He chose to do the right thing 

2914
02:38:35,100 --> 02:38:38,000
even though it cost him dearly. 
He told his wife, what he 

2915
02:38:38,000 --> 02:38:41,500
suspected and together they 
decided to take greeted Wheels 

2916
02:38:41,500 --> 02:38:44,800
court and reveal the truth. 
Imagine that conversation with 

2917
02:38:44,800 --> 02:38:46,700
gri. 
Trying to explain to a child 

2918
02:38:46,708 --> 02:38:49,300
who's maybe three or four years 
old but older in development 

2919
02:38:49,300 --> 02:38:51,400
that the parents he's known all 
his life. 

2920
02:38:51,400 --> 02:38:54,500
Aren't his birth parents that 
he's actually the son of a lord 

2921
02:38:54,500 --> 02:38:57,200
and a lady from anwen and that 
his real mother has been 

2922
02:38:57,200 --> 02:38:58,600
suffering because he 
disappeared. 

2923
02:38:58,600 --> 02:39:00,700
How do you make that make sense 
to a child? 

2924
02:39:01,600 --> 02:39:04,100
But Gris showing the wisdom that
would characterize him 

2925
02:39:04,100 --> 02:39:07,200
throughout his life seemed to 
understand or perhaps, he didn't

2926
02:39:07,200 --> 02:39:09,900
fully understand, but trusted, 
the people who'd raised him 

2927
02:39:09,900 --> 02:39:13,900
enough to accept what they said.
Either way he agreed to go with 

2928
02:39:13,900 --> 02:39:17,100
Tenon to Will's Court. 
The journey there must have been

2929
02:39:17,100 --> 02:39:19,200
Bitter. 
Sweet, ten a new. 

2930
02:39:19,200 --> 02:39:21,900
He was doing the right thing, 
but every mile brought him 

2931
02:39:21,900 --> 02:39:25,600
closer to losing the child. 
He'd raised His wife had stayed 

2932
02:39:25,600 --> 02:39:28,700
behind perhaps unable to Bear 
the actual moment of Separation.

2933
02:39:28,700 --> 02:39:31,400
Greer Road beside him, probably 
quiet. 

2934
02:39:32,300 --> 02:39:33,700
Processing, what was about to 
happen. 

2935
02:39:33,700 --> 02:39:37,000
And at the end of their Journey,
sitting at the gate as she had 

2936
02:39:37,000 --> 02:39:40,700
for nearly seven years was 
Rihanna and picture the moment 

2937
02:39:40,700 --> 02:39:44,500
when tan and gray arrive at 
Will's Court, Rhiannon is at her

2938
02:39:44,500 --> 02:39:45,900
usual position by the mounting 
block. 

2939
02:39:45,900 --> 02:39:49,700
Probably wearing clothes that 
have seen better days a face 

2940
02:39:49,700 --> 02:39:52,600
bearing, the marks of seven 
years of exposure to weather and

2941
02:39:52,600 --> 02:39:54,800
hardship. 
She looks up as they approached 

2942
02:39:54,800 --> 02:39:58,200
ready to tell her story, once 
more ready to offer to carry 

2943
02:39:58,200 --> 02:40:01,500
them if they are like, except 
But something happens before she

2944
02:40:01,500 --> 02:40:05,700
can speak ten and looks at her 
really looks at her and sees, 

2945
02:40:05,700 --> 02:40:08,500
not the monster of the stories 
describe, but a woman who is 

2946
02:40:08,500 --> 02:40:11,200
endured something almost Beyond 
human capacity. 

2947
02:40:11,200 --> 02:40:14,500
And Gary, who has never seen his
mother before stares at her, 

2948
02:40:14,508 --> 02:40:16,900
with the kind of recognition 
that goes deeper than memory, 

2949
02:40:16,900 --> 02:40:21,500
something in the blood perhaps, 
or in the soul, Tenant tells 

2950
02:40:21,500 --> 02:40:24,600
Rhiannon, they've come to see, 
Lord quill and he gently refuses

2951
02:40:24,600 --> 02:40:27,900
her offer to carry them. 
There's a kindness in his voice 

2952
02:40:27,900 --> 02:40:30,600
that Rhiannon probably hasn't 
heard in years from strangers, 

2953
02:40:30,600 --> 02:40:33,600
they proceed to the court. 
Where will receives them with 

2954
02:40:33,600 --> 02:40:35,600
the hospitality due to a noble 
visitor? 

2955
02:40:35,600 --> 02:40:38,700
Tenon doesn't waste time with 
small talk or elaborate 

2956
02:40:38,700 --> 02:40:41,400
preambles. 
He tells will the entire story, 

2957
02:40:41,400 --> 02:40:45,000
the mayor that lost Falls. 
Every May Eve the creature that 

2958
02:40:45,000 --> 02:40:48,100
reached through the window, the 
child found on his doorstep, 

2959
02:40:48,100 --> 02:40:51,900
gries remarkable growth, and his
unmistakable resemblance to 

2960
02:40:51,900 --> 02:40:54,600
quill. 
He presents the boy now, perhaps

2961
02:40:54,600 --> 02:40:56,700
four years old, but with the 
development of someone much 

2962
02:40:56,700 --> 02:40:59,700
older and let's the physical 
evidence speak for itself. 

2963
02:41:00,700 --> 02:41:02,300
Will looks at Greece and sees 
himself. 

2964
02:41:02,300 --> 02:41:06,300
The resemblance is undeniable 
the same features. 

2965
02:41:06,300 --> 02:41:08,800
The same coloring, the same 
bearing. 

2966
02:41:09,600 --> 02:41:12,100
This is his son. 
The child, who disappeared, 

2967
02:41:12,100 --> 02:41:15,700
seven years ago returned as 
mysteriously as he vanished. 

2968
02:41:16,500 --> 02:41:19,400
The court erupts in 
exclamations, questions and 

2969
02:41:19,400 --> 02:41:23,300
wonder, but Will's first thought
is for Rhiannon, he immediately 

2970
02:41:23,300 --> 02:41:26,000
sends for her bringing her in 
from the gate where she spent 

2971
02:41:26,000 --> 02:41:28,300
seven years when she enters the 
hall. 

2972
02:41:28,300 --> 02:41:30,200
She's probably expecting another
humiliation. 

2973
02:41:30,200 --> 02:41:32,700
Another performance of her 
supposed crime. 

2974
02:41:32,700 --> 02:41:38,000
Instead, she sees her son, Text 
doesn't dwell on the emotional 

2975
02:41:38,000 --> 02:41:41,600
details of their reunion, but 
you can imagine it seven years 

2976
02:41:41,600 --> 02:41:44,600
of separation, seven years of 
punishment for a crime. 

2977
02:41:44,600 --> 02:41:47,900
She didn't commit and seven 
years of not knowing if her 

2978
02:41:47,900 --> 02:41:51,500
child was alive or dead. 
And now here he stands healthy 

2979
02:41:51,500 --> 02:41:54,500
and whole raised with Love by 
people who chose to do the right

2980
02:41:54,500 --> 02:41:58,500
thing at Great personal cost. 
Rhiannon's reaction is described

2981
02:41:58,500 --> 02:42:00,700
with a simple phrase that 
carries enormous weight. 

2982
02:42:01,500 --> 02:42:05,900
She experienced his great joy 
after seven years of sitting at 

2983
02:42:05,900 --> 02:42:08,900
a gate confessing to infanticide
bearing Travelers on her back, 

2984
02:42:08,900 --> 02:42:13,300
like a beast of burden Joy, not 
anger at her false accusers, not

2985
02:42:13,300 --> 02:42:17,400
bitterness about Lost Years. 
Not demands for Revenge Joy. 

2986
02:42:17,400 --> 02:42:21,100
At her son's return the court 
faced with undeniable proof of 

2987
02:42:21,100 --> 02:42:23,500
riande. 
Innocents must now reckon with 

2988
02:42:23,500 --> 02:42:26,100
what they've done, Six Women 
lied about her. 

2989
02:42:26,100 --> 02:42:28,400
Countless people believed those 
lies. 

2990
02:42:28,400 --> 02:42:31,700
Rhiannon was punished for seven 
years while the real culprit. 

2991
02:42:31,700 --> 02:42:33,500
What? 
Whatever Supernatural creature 

2992
02:42:33,500 --> 02:42:36,600
tried to steal, both a full and 
a child that night went 

2993
02:42:36,600 --> 02:42:38,900
unpunished? 
But here's where Rhiannon shows,

2994
02:42:38,900 --> 02:42:42,100
something remarkable she doesn't
demand that the six women be 

2995
02:42:42,100 --> 02:42:44,000
executed or even severely 
punished. 

2996
02:42:44,700 --> 02:42:47,400
The text doesn't record her 
calling for revenge or Justice 

2997
02:42:47,400 --> 02:42:50,400
against those who wronged her in
Stead she focuses on what 

2998
02:42:50,400 --> 02:42:54,300
matters her son is returned. 
Her name is cleared and she's 

2999
02:42:54,300 --> 02:42:56,900
free from the punishment that 
has defined her life for seven 

3000
02:42:56,900 --> 02:42:59,000
years. 
There's a brief discussion about

3001
02:42:59,000 --> 02:43:01,400
what to name. 
The boy, he's been greed to the 

3002
02:43:01,408 --> 02:43:03,900
family that raised him. 
But Rhiannon looks at him and 

3003
02:43:03,900 --> 02:43:07,700
says a word that captures 
everything pre Dairy The name 

3004
02:43:07,700 --> 02:43:11,000
means care or worry and it 
refers to the anxiety. 

3005
02:43:11,000 --> 02:43:14,600
She suffered the worry that 
defined her years of punishment.

3006
02:43:14,600 --> 02:43:17,700
It's both a memorial to 
suffering and a transformation 

3007
02:43:17,700 --> 02:43:21,000
of that suffering into something
meaningful a name for her son. 

3008
02:43:21,000 --> 02:43:24,500
That acknowledges what they've 
been through and remarkably, the

3009
02:43:24,500 --> 02:43:26,900
name sticks. 
The boy who was Greek becomes, 

3010
02:43:26,900 --> 02:43:29,800
Preddy carrying in his very 
name, the story of his mother's 

3011
02:43:29,800 --> 02:43:33,000
or deal and survival Timon and 
his wife could have kept proud 

3012
02:43:33,000 --> 02:43:34,800
Dairy, they could have stayed 
silent. 

3013
02:43:34,800 --> 02:43:38,900
Let the boy remain theirs and 
allowed Rihanna to continue her 

3014
02:43:38,900 --> 02:43:41,900
punishment. 
No one would have known but they

3015
02:43:41,908 --> 02:43:44,900
chose truth and honor over 
comfort and love which is one of

3016
02:43:44,908 --> 02:43:46,600
the hardest choices anyone can 
make. 

3017
02:43:47,600 --> 02:43:51,200
Will recognizing this 
extraordinary sacrifice doesn't 

3018
02:43:51,200 --> 02:43:53,200
simply thank Tiernan and send 
him home. 

3019
02:43:53,200 --> 02:43:57,100
He offers turn on and his wife a
place in his court, grants them 

3020
02:43:57,100 --> 02:44:00,500
lands and honors and establishes
a relationship where Pride Dairy

3021
02:44:00,500 --> 02:44:03,500
can maintain connection with the
people who raised him, it's a 

3022
02:44:03,500 --> 02:44:06,200
solution that honors everyone's 
role in the child survival. 

3023
02:44:06,200 --> 02:44:09,400
The fostering relationship 
between 10 and his family, and 

3024
02:44:09,400 --> 02:44:11,600
pools Court, becomes one of 
deep. 

3025
02:44:11,600 --> 02:44:15,100
Mutual respect, predatory grows 
up knowing his birth parents. 

3026
02:44:15,100 --> 02:44:18,300
And his foster parents loved by 
both benefiting from the wisdom 

3027
02:44:18,300 --> 02:44:22,000
and care of multiple families. 
In this way, the trauma of his 

3028
02:44:22,000 --> 02:44:26,100
disappearance transforms into 
something rich and complex a web

3029
02:44:26,108 --> 02:44:28,800
of relationships that might 
never have existed without the 

3030
02:44:28,800 --> 02:44:31,700
initial tragedy. 
Rihanna's Vindication should 

3031
02:44:31,700 --> 02:44:35,100
have meant the end of her story 
in the first Branch, but there's

3032
02:44:35,100 --> 02:44:37,900
more to unpack about what 
happens after the truth comes 

3033
02:44:37,900 --> 02:44:39,900
out. 
Medieval Welsh stories, rarely 

3034
02:44:39,900 --> 02:44:42,100
waste time on lengthy, emotional
processing. 

3035
02:44:42,100 --> 02:44:45,300
They move from one of event to 
the next, with the official of 

3036
02:44:45,300 --> 02:44:48,800
people who understood that 
listeners wanted action and 

3037
02:44:48,800 --> 02:44:50,700
resolution. 
But we can pause here. 

3038
02:44:50,700 --> 02:44:52,700
And think about what the 
aftermath must have been like, 

3039
02:44:52,700 --> 02:44:55,800
for seven years, we Allen, sat 
at that gate. 

3040
02:44:56,700 --> 02:44:59,700
Seven years of daily, 
humiliation of telling her story

3041
02:44:59,700 --> 02:45:02,800
over and over to strangers of 
being treated, as something, 

3042
02:45:02,800 --> 02:45:05,700
less than human, that kind of 
experience changes. 

3043
02:45:05,700 --> 02:45:09,500
A person. 
It has to the question is how 

3044
02:45:10,600 --> 02:45:13,800
Some people would emerge from 
such an ordeal broken, bitter, 

3045
02:45:13,800 --> 02:45:16,200
and consumed by anger. 
At those who wronged them, 

3046
02:45:16,200 --> 02:45:20,400
others might become hard closed 
off, and unable to trust or feel

3047
02:45:20,400 --> 02:45:23,100
Joy again, Rhiannon seems to 
have done neither. 

3048
02:45:23,100 --> 02:45:27,300
She emerges with her essential 
self intact still generous still

3049
02:45:27,300 --> 02:45:30,700
dignified still capable of Joy. 
When her son returns. 

3050
02:45:31,600 --> 02:45:34,100
This suggests something 
important about her character. 

3051
02:45:34,100 --> 02:45:37,800
Rhiannon strength isn't just 
Supernatural power or other 

3052
02:45:37,800 --> 02:45:40,000
worldly knowledge. 
It's a kind of internal 

3053
02:45:40,000 --> 02:45:42,700
resilience that allows her to 
endure suffering without letting

3054
02:45:42,700 --> 02:45:46,200
it Define her. 
She knows who she is and seven 

3055
02:45:46,200 --> 02:45:48,200
years of being told. 
She's a monster, doesn't change 

3056
02:45:48,200 --> 02:45:49,700
that. 
Fundamental self knowledge. 

3057
02:45:50,400 --> 02:45:53,600
Think about the six women who 
accused her, the text doesn't 

3058
02:45:53,600 --> 02:45:56,600
tell us what happened to them 
after the truth came out, but 

3059
02:45:56,600 --> 02:45:59,700
they must have faced some 
consequences, a minimum. 

3060
02:45:59,700 --> 02:46:02,700
They faced public shame for 
their lives, more likely. 

3061
02:46:02,700 --> 02:46:05,200
They faced legal or social 
punishment for their false 

3062
02:46:05,200 --> 02:46:07,400
accusation. 
But here's what's interesting. 

3063
02:46:08,300 --> 02:46:10,000
The story doesn't give them 
names. 

3064
02:46:10,000 --> 02:46:13,400
They remain anonymous a 
collective rather than 

3065
02:46:13,400 --> 02:46:16,000
individuals. 
This literary Choice does 

3066
02:46:16,000 --> 02:46:18,700
something subtle. 
It makes them representatives of

3067
02:46:18,700 --> 02:46:21,600
a pattern rather than specific 
villains there. 

3068
02:46:21,600 --> 02:46:24,700
What happens when fear 
overwhelms Integrity when 

3069
02:46:24,700 --> 02:46:27,400
self-preservation leads to the 
destruction of someone, in 

3070
02:46:27,400 --> 02:46:30,000
innocent their lie, worked 
because it was believable. 

3071
02:46:30,900 --> 02:46:34,400
Rhiannon was other worldly 
different and not quite like 

3072
02:46:34,400 --> 02:46:36,700
other women. 
When something inexplicable 

3073
02:46:36,700 --> 02:46:38,300
happened. 
It was easy to blame. 

3074
02:46:38,300 --> 02:46:40,800
The person who was already 
outside normal categories. 

3075
02:46:40,800 --> 02:46:44,100
The Six Women didn't have to 
work hard to make people believe

3076
02:46:44,100 --> 02:46:45,900
them. 
They just had to tap into 

3077
02:46:45,900 --> 02:46:49,200
existing prejudices and fears 
this pattern appears throughout 

3078
02:46:49,200 --> 02:46:52,300
history when something goes 
wrong communities. 

3079
02:46:52,300 --> 02:46:55,100
Look for someone to blame and 
they often choose whoever is 

3080
02:46:55,100 --> 02:46:58,300
already marked as different. 
Rhiannon's story is Medieval and

3081
02:46:58,300 --> 02:47:01,600
magical but this Dynamic is 
depressingly familiar across 

3082
02:47:01,600 --> 02:47:04,800
cultures and centuries. 
Have indication doesn't just 

3083
02:47:04,800 --> 02:47:07,800
clear her name. 
It challenges the community's 

3084
02:47:07,800 --> 02:47:10,200
willingness to believe the worst
about someone based on their 

3085
02:47:10,200 --> 02:47:12,900
otherness. 
The people of deferred have to 

3086
02:47:12,900 --> 02:47:16,100
reckon with the fact that they 
condemned an innocent woman that

3087
02:47:16,100 --> 02:47:18,600
their lady whom they had loved 
during that first perfect year 

3088
02:47:18,600 --> 02:47:21,700
was exactly who she appeared to 
be and that they're willingness 

3089
02:47:21,700 --> 02:47:25,600
to believe otherwise said more 
about them than about her will 

3090
02:47:25,600 --> 02:47:29,300
too must live with his choices. 
He refused to divorce Rhiannon 

3091
02:47:29,300 --> 02:47:32,100
which shows loyalty but he also 
allowed her punishment to 

3092
02:47:32,100 --> 02:47:35,100
continue for seven years. 
He could have investigated more 

3093
02:47:35,100 --> 02:47:38,100
thoroughly could have questioned
the six women more aggressively 

3094
02:47:38,100 --> 02:47:40,600
and could have considered 
whether the evidence really 

3095
02:47:40,600 --> 02:47:43,800
supported their story. 
Instead he chose a middle path 

3096
02:47:43,800 --> 02:47:47,100
that kept Rihanna and his wife 
but subjected her to ongoing 

3097
02:47:47,100 --> 02:47:51,900
humiliation was this wisdom or 
cowardice, the text doesn't 

3098
02:47:51,900 --> 02:47:55,300
judge but you can make your own 
assessment will was caught 

3099
02:47:55,300 --> 02:47:58,100
between his personal knowledge 
of Rihanna's character and the 

3100
02:47:58,108 --> 02:48:01,200
political pressure from his 
Nobles between loyalty to his 

3101
02:48:01,200 --> 02:48:05,600
wife and duty to his kingdom. 
He chose a compromise and rianon

3102
02:48:05,600 --> 02:48:09,200
paid the price for seven years. 
Their relationship after her 

3103
02:48:09,200 --> 02:48:11,800
Vindication must have been 
complex there. 

3104
02:48:11,800 --> 02:48:16,000
Reunited, their son is returned,
but seven years of Injustice. 

3105
02:48:16,000 --> 02:48:18,900
Stand between them, the text 
suggests, they continuous 

3106
02:48:18,900 --> 02:48:22,300
husband and wife ruling for 
together, but it doesn't claim 

3107
02:48:22,300 --> 02:48:25,800
everything returns to exactly 
how it was before, how could it.

3108
02:48:26,600 --> 02:48:29,100
You can't go through something 
like rhiannon's ordeal and 

3109
02:48:29,108 --> 02:48:32,000
return unchanged. 
You can't watch your wife suffer

3110
02:48:32,000 --> 02:48:33,700
for seven years. 
Not carry some guilt. 

3111
02:48:33,700 --> 02:48:36,300
The question is, whether they 
find a way to build something 

3112
02:48:36,300 --> 02:48:39,400
new from what remains, or 
whether the past always stands 

3113
02:48:39,400 --> 02:48:43,100
between them like a ghost. 
Pre Dairy meanwhile grows up 

3114
02:48:43,100 --> 02:48:45,300
with the knowledge of what his 
mother endured for him. 

3115
02:48:45,300 --> 02:48:48,300
He knows that his birth caused 
to suffering that his 

3116
02:48:48,300 --> 02:48:49,800
disappearance led to her 
punishment. 

3117
02:48:49,800 --> 02:48:52,500
And that's six women lied about 
her because of him. 

3118
02:48:52,500 --> 02:48:55,000
This is a heavy burden for a 
child to carry. 

3119
02:48:55,000 --> 02:48:58,700
Even a child who grows as a 
supernatural rate and has wisdom

3120
02:48:58,700 --> 02:49:02,000
Beyond his years. 
But perhaps the knowledge also 

3121
02:49:02,000 --> 02:49:05,000
gives him something valuable and
understanding of his mother's 

3122
02:49:05,000 --> 02:49:09,000
strength, a model of how to 
endure Injustice with dignity 

3123
02:49:09,000 --> 02:49:11,200
and a lesson in the importance 
of truth. 

3124
02:49:11,200 --> 02:49:14,500
Even when lies and more 
convenient, these are the kinds 

3125
02:49:14,500 --> 02:49:17,700
of lessons that shape a person's
character and fundamental ways. 

3126
02:49:18,700 --> 02:49:21,400
The story of turn on his wife 
becomes a legend in his own 

3127
02:49:21,400 --> 02:49:23,900
right. 
The nobleman who raised a 

3128
02:49:23,900 --> 02:49:27,800
foundling with love and then 
gave him back when honored it in

3129
02:49:27,800 --> 02:49:30,300
a medieval culture that valued 
hospitality and honor. 

3130
02:49:30,300 --> 02:49:32,800
There are actions represent the 
highest ideals. 

3131
02:49:32,800 --> 02:49:35,500
They loved without possessing 
cared with without demanding 

3132
02:49:35,500 --> 02:49:38,600
ownership and chose truth even 
when it cost them dearly. 

3133
02:49:39,500 --> 02:49:42,800
As you lie there in the darkness
think about what it means to be 

3134
02:49:42,800 --> 02:49:45,300
Vindicated. 
After years of false accusation 

3135
02:49:45,300 --> 02:49:48,600
the relief certainly but also 
the stranger adjustment of being

3136
02:49:48,600 --> 02:49:50,400
believed again of having your 
truth. 

3137
02:49:50,400 --> 02:49:54,000
Acknowledged after years of 
having it denied, Rhiannon has 

3138
02:49:54,000 --> 02:49:57,700
her name her son, and her 
position restored, but she also 

3139
02:49:57,700 --> 02:50:00,700
has seven years of memory that 
no Vindication can erase. 

3140
02:50:01,300 --> 02:50:03,800
The question, the story leaves 
hanging is whether Justice 

3141
02:50:03,800 --> 02:50:07,000
delayed is truly Justice at all 
and whether any amount of 

3142
02:50:07,000 --> 02:50:11,100
restoration can truly compensate
for years of suffering, medieval

3143
02:50:11,100 --> 02:50:13,300
audiences, might have had 
clearer answers to these 

3144
02:50:13,300 --> 02:50:15,700
questions than we do. 
But the questions themselves 

3145
02:50:15,700 --> 02:50:19,800
remain uncomfortably relevant. 
Now that we've lived through 

3146
02:50:19,800 --> 02:50:22,400
Rihanna's story from her. 
First appearance to her 

3147
02:50:22,400 --> 02:50:26,400
Vindication, it's worth stepping
back and thinking about one of 

3148
02:50:26,400 --> 02:50:29,200
the Tails, most persistent 
symbols horses. 

3149
02:50:29,200 --> 02:50:33,100
Rhiannon first appears riding a 
white horse, that moves at an 

3150
02:50:33,100 --> 02:50:37,100
impossible Pace, unhurried yet 
uncatchable, this isn't just 

3151
02:50:37,100 --> 02:50:39,900
magical Transportation. 
It's a statement about her 

3152
02:50:39,900 --> 02:50:42,100
nature. 
She can't be pursued and 

3153
02:50:42,100 --> 02:50:43,900
captured like a prize or a 
possession. 

3154
02:50:43,900 --> 02:50:46,700
She can only be approached 
through respect and direct 

3155
02:50:46,700 --> 02:50:51,000
communication through asking 
rather than taking The White 

3156
02:50:51,000 --> 02:50:53,600
Horse itself, carries symbolic 
weight throughout Celtic 

3157
02:50:53,600 --> 02:50:56,600
mythology, white animals, 
generally signified other 

3158
02:50:56,600 --> 02:50:59,800
worldly connection creatures 
that existed in that liminal 

3159
02:50:59,800 --> 02:51:03,200
space between the Mortal realm. 
And when rhiannon's horses, 

3160
02:51:03,200 --> 02:51:06,500
white smooth gated and 
Supernatural in its abilities. 

3161
02:51:06,500 --> 02:51:08,900
All markers of her own other 
worldly nature. 

3162
02:51:08,900 --> 02:51:11,600
But then look at what happens 
during her punishment. 

3163
02:51:12,500 --> 02:51:15,600
Rhiannon, who rode? 
The uncatchable horse is reduced

3164
02:51:15,600 --> 02:51:18,400
to being a horse herself. 
She offers to carry people on 

3165
02:51:18,400 --> 02:51:21,200
her back performing, the exact 
function, that her White Horse 

3166
02:51:21,200 --> 02:51:24,300
performed transportation from 
one place to another. 

3167
02:51:24,300 --> 02:51:27,700
It's a deliberate inversion of 
her original appearance, a 

3168
02:51:27,700 --> 02:51:31,200
humiliation that strikes at the 
core of who she was The 

3169
02:51:31,200 --> 02:51:34,200
symbolism goes deeper when you 
consider the foal that was born 

3170
02:51:34,200 --> 02:51:37,300
the same night as per Dairy. 
Tannins mayor had been losing 

3171
02:51:37,300 --> 02:51:39,300
foals. 
Every May Eve to a supernatural 

3172
02:51:39,300 --> 02:51:40,700
creature. 
The night Trader. 

3173
02:51:40,700 --> 02:51:43,300
He disappeared tan and saved the
fold by cutting off the 

3174
02:51:43,300 --> 02:51:45,400
creatures arm and found the baby
on his doorstep. 

3175
02:51:45,400 --> 02:51:48,600
The connection between child and
Foal is explicit. 

3176
02:51:48,600 --> 02:51:51,900
They appear together. 
They grow up together and pro 

3177
02:51:51,900 --> 02:51:55,200
Dairy develops and exceptional 
bond with the horse, in some 

3178
02:51:55,200 --> 02:51:59,700
way, their linked, both stolen, 
by the same creature, both saved

3179
02:51:59,700 --> 02:52:02,400
by 10 on Intervention. 
The fold that should have been 

3180
02:52:02,400 --> 02:52:06,000
taken becomes predatory, special
companion, a living reminder of 

3181
02:52:06,000 --> 02:52:07,300
the night. 
They both survived. 

3182
02:52:08,100 --> 02:52:10,600
This pairing of human child and 
horse has roots. 

3183
02:52:10,600 --> 02:52:14,100
Deep in Celtic culture horses, 
were sacred animals in many 

3184
02:52:14,100 --> 02:52:18,000
Celtic, societies associated 
with sovereignty, the land and 

3185
02:52:18,000 --> 02:52:20,700
divine power. 
The bond between pride and his 

3186
02:52:20,700 --> 02:52:22,500
horse. 
Suggest he carries both human 

3187
02:52:22,500 --> 02:52:25,800
and equine blessings, both 
mortal and otherworldly power. 

3188
02:52:26,600 --> 02:52:28,700
There's also something worth 
noting about the name. 

3189
02:52:28,700 --> 02:52:31,900
Rhiannon itself, Scholars have 
connected it to an earlier 

3190
02:52:31,900 --> 02:52:33,800
Celtic goddess. 
Figure called regant owner. 

3191
02:52:33,800 --> 02:52:36,500
Meaning, great queen or Divine 
Queen. 

3192
02:52:37,200 --> 02:52:40,400
This goddess was associated with
horses sovereignty and the land 

3193
02:52:40,400 --> 02:52:43,500
itself while the medieval 
Rhiannon is presented as a 

3194
02:52:43,500 --> 02:52:45,900
character in a story rather than
a goddess in a myth. 

3195
02:52:46,500 --> 02:52:51,100
Echoes of divine power remain. 
In Celtic tradition Queen's and 

3196
02:52:51,100 --> 02:52:53,000
goddesses were often connected 
to the land. 

3197
02:52:53,000 --> 02:52:56,800
They ruled their fertility 
Health and Justice affected the 

3198
02:52:56,800 --> 02:52:59,700
kingdom itself. 
Rihanna's unjust punishment and 

3199
02:52:59,700 --> 02:53:03,000
suffering might represent not 
just personal tragedy, but a 

3200
02:53:03,000 --> 02:53:06,500
kind of cosmic disorder. 
The land Queen wrongly accused 

3201
02:53:06,500 --> 02:53:08,700
in humiliated. 
While the kingdoms are is 

3202
02:53:08,700 --> 02:53:13,400
missing Her Vindication then 
becomes more than just clearing 

3203
02:53:13,400 --> 02:53:15,600
her name. 
It's a restoration of proper 

3204
02:53:15,600 --> 02:53:18,000
order. 
Queen returned her rightful 

3205
02:53:18,000 --> 02:53:19,900
position. 
The air was revealed and 

3206
02:53:19,900 --> 02:53:22,700
acknowledged and balanced was 
restored between the other 

3207
02:53:22,700 --> 02:53:26,600
worldly and mortal relms. 
The punishment of carrying 

3208
02:53:26,600 --> 02:53:29,600
people like a horse. 
Also inverts, traditional power 

3209
02:53:29,600 --> 02:53:32,200
dynamics in. 
Interesting ways, in Celtic 

3210
02:53:32,200 --> 02:53:35,200
culture, horses were associated 
with an ability and sovereignty 

3211
02:53:35,200 --> 02:53:37,400
to ride. 
A horse was to demonstrate 

3212
02:53:37,400 --> 02:53:40,800
status and Power by being 
reduced to a horse herself. 

3213
02:53:40,800 --> 02:53:44,400
Rhiannon experiences, a complete
reversal of sovereignty, from 

3214
02:53:44,400 --> 02:53:48,100
Queen to Beast of Burden. 
But here's what's remarkable 

3215
02:53:48,100 --> 02:53:52,500
even in this degraded position, 
Rhiannon maintains, her dignity.

3216
02:53:53,400 --> 02:53:55,600
She performs her punishment 
without resistance but also 

3217
02:53:55,600 --> 02:53:58,000
without being broken by it in 
some way. 

3218
02:53:58,000 --> 02:54:00,900
She proves that sovereignty 
isn't just about position or 

3219
02:54:00,900 --> 02:54:03,800
status. 
It's about an internal quality. 

3220
02:54:03,800 --> 02:54:07,000
That can't be taken away even 
when everything externally 

3221
02:54:07,000 --> 02:54:09,900
stripped down. 
When she is Vindicated and 

3222
02:54:09,900 --> 02:54:13,400
restored, she doesn't just 
return to her former position. 

3223
02:54:13,400 --> 02:54:16,700
She's transformed by her 
experience, carrying knowledge 

3224
02:54:16,700 --> 02:54:20,100
that only suffering can teach. 
She has been both the Rider and 

3225
02:54:20,108 --> 02:54:23,500
the horse, both the queen and 
the humiliated prisoner. 

3226
02:54:23,500 --> 02:54:26,400
This complete experience of both
extremes. 

3227
02:54:26,400 --> 02:54:29,400
Might actually make her more 
complete more capable of 

3228
02:54:29,400 --> 02:54:31,700
understanding the full range of 
Human Experience. 

3229
02:54:31,700 --> 02:54:35,000
The White Horse that couldn't be
caught becomes a metaphor for 

3230
02:54:35,000 --> 02:54:37,800
real and herself. 
She couldn't be truly caught by 

3231
02:54:37,800 --> 02:54:41,400
quill until she chose to stop. 
She couldn't be broken by seven 

3232
02:54:41,400 --> 02:54:44,800
years of punishment because our 
essential self remained free and

3233
02:54:44,800 --> 02:54:48,000
she couldn't be defined by 
either her Supernatural origins 

3234
02:54:48,000 --> 02:54:50,800
or her mortal suffering because 
she existed Beyond Simple 

3235
02:54:50,800 --> 02:54:54,600
categories. 
Bond with the foal suggest, he 

3236
02:54:54,600 --> 02:54:57,400
inherits this horse nature from 
his mother, his comfortable 

3237
02:54:57,400 --> 02:55:01,200
moving Between Worlds capable of
Supernatural growth, but also 

3238
02:55:01,200 --> 02:55:03,500
very human in his attachments 
and loyalties. 

3239
02:55:03,500 --> 02:55:07,200
The child of a woman associated 
with horses, naturally bonds 

3240
02:55:07,200 --> 02:55:10,300
with horses, carrying forward, 
his mother's connection to these

3241
02:55:10,300 --> 02:55:13,500
powerful symbols. 
As you drift towards sleep, 

3242
02:55:13,500 --> 02:55:17,500
imagine Rhiannon, on that white 
horse, moving at her own pace 

3243
02:55:17,500 --> 02:55:21,800
and catchable by force but 
responsive to respect imagine 

3244
02:55:21,800 --> 02:55:24,200
the years at the gate carrying 
the weight of others while 

3245
02:55:24,200 --> 02:55:27,800
maintaining herself. 
Imagine the Vindication the 

3246
02:55:27,800 --> 02:55:30,500
return to her true nature but 
carrying the memory of 

3247
02:55:30,500 --> 02:55:34,200
everything she endured. 
The horse connection isn't just 

3248
02:55:34,200 --> 02:55:37,600
decorative symbolism. 
It's the heart of who Rihanna is

3249
02:55:38,300 --> 02:55:43,100
Free moving powerful dignified 
and ultimately ungovernable by 

3250
02:55:43,100 --> 02:55:47,900
anything except her own choices.
The first branch of the map in 

3251
02:55:47,900 --> 02:55:50,400
Oggy ends with Rhiannon 
Vindicated and predatory 

3252
02:55:50,400 --> 02:55:54,100
acknowledged but that's not the 
end of her story in the largest 

3253
02:55:54,100 --> 02:55:57,800
cycle, Rhiannon appears again in
the third branch and what 

3254
02:55:57,800 --> 02:55:59,900
happens to her there, adds 
another layer to our 

3255
02:55:59,900 --> 02:56:03,800
understanding of her character. 
By the time of the third branch 

3256
02:56:03,800 --> 02:56:06,800
will has died and Prairie has 
inherited. 

3257
02:56:06,800 --> 02:56:10,300
The lordship of dyfed, Rhiannon 
is now a widow no longer the 

3258
02:56:10,300 --> 02:56:12,700
other worldly bride, but a 
mature woman who has lived 

3259
02:56:12,700 --> 02:56:15,700
through marriage motherhood, 
full accusation, suffering 

3260
02:56:15,700 --> 02:56:19,000
Vindication and loss. 
She's seen most of what life can

3261
02:56:19,000 --> 02:56:20,900
offer, both wonderful and 
terrible. 

3262
02:56:21,600 --> 02:56:25,500
Predatory decides his mother 
should remarry and he arranges a

3263
02:56:25,500 --> 02:56:27,300
marriage between Rhiannon and 
Malawi Dan. 

3264
02:56:27,300 --> 02:56:29,700
Son of Leah, Manoa down is 
himself. 

3265
02:56:29,700 --> 02:56:31,300
A figure of considerable 
importance. 

3266
02:56:31,300 --> 02:56:34,000
A man who has lost his own 
kingdom and is essentially an 

3267
02:56:34,000 --> 02:56:36,400
exile. 
He Henry and are both people who

3268
02:56:36,400 --> 02:56:39,400
have experienced displacement 
and who know what it means to 

3269
02:56:39,400 --> 02:56:41,600
fall from high status and endure
suffering. 

3270
02:56:42,500 --> 02:56:45,500
Their marriage is described as 
harmonious and based on. 

3271
02:56:45,508 --> 02:56:49,400
Mutual respect to people who 
have both suffered, both injured

3272
02:56:49,400 --> 02:56:52,500
and both survived. 
They understand each other in 

3273
02:56:52,500 --> 02:56:55,000
ways, that people who have only 
known comfort and never could, 

3274
02:56:55,000 --> 02:56:58,800
it's a second act romance 
quieter than the dramatic 

3275
02:56:58,800 --> 02:57:01,800
courtship with Paul will perhaps
deeper for being rooted in 

3276
02:57:01,808 --> 02:57:04,700
shared experience rather than 
Supernatural attraction. 

3277
02:57:04,700 --> 02:57:08,700
But peace, doesn't last while 
Rihanna and malware down with 

3278
02:57:08,700 --> 02:57:12,200
predatory and his wife, a 
magical Mist descends on David. 

3279
02:57:12,900 --> 02:57:15,900
When it clears everything living
has vanished, except for the 

3280
02:57:15,900 --> 02:57:18,400
four of them. 
The entire kingdom is empty. 

3281
02:57:18,400 --> 02:57:22,400
No people, no animals. 
Just empty buildings and Silent 

3282
02:57:22,400 --> 02:57:25,100
fields. 
They endure this desolation for 

3283
02:57:25,100 --> 02:57:27,900
a Time. 
Living off the land hunting what

3284
02:57:27,900 --> 02:57:31,700
wild game they can find. 
But eventually primary sees a 

3285
02:57:31,700 --> 02:57:35,200
mysterious Fortress that wasn't 
there before against advice, he 

3286
02:57:35,200 --> 02:57:37,100
enters it. 
And finds a beautiful, Golden 

3287
02:57:37,100 --> 02:57:40,400
Bowl attached to chains. 
When he touches it, he becomes 

3288
02:57:40,400 --> 02:57:45,600
Frozen unable to speak or move. 
Rhiannon hearing that her son is

3289
02:57:45,608 --> 02:57:49,000
trapped, doesn't hesitate. 
She goes after him despite the 

3290
02:57:49,000 --> 02:57:53,400
warnings despite knowing this is
obviously a trap when she finds 

3291
02:57:53,400 --> 02:57:57,000
per Dairy Frozen and unable to 
speak, she touches her and 

3292
02:57:57,000 --> 02:57:58,600
immediately becomes trapped as 
well. 

3293
02:57:59,500 --> 02:58:02,800
Then the Fortress and both of 
them vanish leaving malawa down 

3294
02:58:02,808 --> 02:58:07,400
alone. 
This is Rihanna and second great

3295
02:58:07,400 --> 02:58:09,500
trial. 
Once again, she's trapped 

3296
02:58:09,500 --> 02:58:12,600
through no to her own. 
Once again, she suffering 

3297
02:58:12,600 --> 02:58:16,000
because of circumstances Beyond 
her control, but this time, it's

3298
02:58:16,000 --> 02:58:19,000
different, she's not falsely 
accused of a crime. 

3299
02:58:19,000 --> 02:58:22,700
She is actually Enchanted held 
prisoner in the other world. 

3300
02:58:23,900 --> 02:58:27,100
The text tells us that Rhiannon 
and proudia taken to the other 

3301
02:58:27,100 --> 02:58:30,200
world where they're forced to 
wear magical collars and 

3302
02:58:30,200 --> 02:58:33,600
performed a grading. 
Labor Rhiannon, who was once 

3303
02:58:33,600 --> 02:58:37,000
forced to carry people like a 
horse is now yoked like an ox 

3304
02:58:37,000 --> 02:58:39,800
compelled to perform menial work
in the realm. 

3305
02:58:39,800 --> 02:58:42,900
She once came from freely, it's 
worth noting the pattern here, 

3306
02:58:42,900 --> 02:58:46,000
rhiannon's trials. 
Consistently involve humiliation

3307
02:58:46,000 --> 02:58:49,600
and degradation being reduced 
from Queen to Beast of Burden, 

3308
02:58:49,600 --> 02:58:51,600
being trapped and forced into 
labor. 

3309
02:58:51,600 --> 02:58:54,800
It's as if she's being tested to
see if anything can break her, 

3310
02:58:54,800 --> 02:58:58,300
essential dignity can reduce her
to something less than she is 

3311
02:58:58,300 --> 02:59:02,000
and consistently. 
She endures, the text doesn't 

3312
02:59:02,000 --> 02:59:05,000
dwell on her suffering in the 
other world, but it acknowledges

3313
02:59:05,000 --> 02:59:06,600
that she and pride are held 
there. 

3314
02:59:06,600 --> 02:59:10,400
Until now, we're down through 
cleverness and persistence wins 

3315
02:59:10,400 --> 02:59:13,500
their release. 
When she is finally freed 

3316
02:59:13,500 --> 02:59:16,700
Rihanna and returns to the 
mortal world changed again, 

3317
02:59:16,700 --> 02:59:20,700
she's been a bride from Andean. 
A queen of died, a woman, 

3318
02:59:20,700 --> 02:59:23,300
falsely accused of Vindicated 
mother. 

3319
02:59:23,300 --> 02:59:27,400
A widow, a remarried woman and 
now a prisoner who is survived 

3320
02:59:27,400 --> 02:59:30,900
captivity in her own land. 
Each experience adds layers to 

3321
02:59:30,900 --> 02:59:34,500
who she is building a character 
of remarkable complexity and 

3322
02:59:34,500 --> 02:59:38,400
depth The third branch doesn't 
give us real and emotional. 

3323
02:59:38,400 --> 02:59:40,100
Interiority during her 
captivity. 

3324
02:59:40,100 --> 02:59:43,100
Medieval Welsh storytelling 
wasn't particularly interested 

3325
02:59:43,100 --> 02:59:46,400
in details psychological 
exploration, but we can imagine 

3326
02:59:46,400 --> 02:59:48,900
what it meant for her to return 
to annual and as a prisoner 

3327
02:59:48,900 --> 02:59:52,500
rather than as a free woman 
choosing to leave to be collared

3328
02:59:52,500 --> 02:59:55,000
and yolk in the realm where she 
once wrote that white horse with

3329
02:59:55,000 --> 02:59:58,200
such Grace and Power, 
Humiliation as a pattern. 

3330
02:59:58,200 --> 03:00:01,200
In rhiannon's story, seems 
almost deliberate as if the 

3331
03:00:01,200 --> 03:00:04,100
universe is repeatedly, testing 
her to see if she can be broken 

3332
03:00:04,100 --> 03:00:08,000
reduced or made in to something 
less than she is and repeatedly,

3333
03:00:08,000 --> 03:00:11,200
she proves that her essential 
self remains intact, regardless 

3334
03:00:11,200 --> 03:00:15,700
of external circumstances, this 
is perhaps rhiannon's greatest 

3335
03:00:15,700 --> 03:00:18,100
quality. 
The ability to endure 

3336
03:00:18,100 --> 03:00:21,600
degradation, without being 
degraded to suffer humiliation 

3337
03:00:21,600 --> 03:00:24,300
with, without being humiliated, 
in her own eyes. 

3338
03:00:24,300 --> 03:00:28,300
She knows who she is no amount 
of unjust punishment or magical 

3339
03:00:28,300 --> 03:00:31,000
captivity changes, that 
fundamental self-knowledge. 

3340
03:00:32,000 --> 03:00:34,600
Her final appearance in the 
Mabinogi shows her restored. 

3341
03:00:34,600 --> 03:00:38,800
Once again, living with Malawi 
and pre Dairy, her trials behind

3342
03:00:38,800 --> 03:00:42,400
her, the text gives her a happy 
ending or at least a peaceful 

3343
03:00:42,400 --> 03:00:45,600
one, the reward for surviving 
everything that was thrown at 

3344
03:00:45,600 --> 03:00:49,200
her with dignity intact. 
As we approach the end of our 

3345
03:00:49,200 --> 03:00:51,200
time. 
With Rhiannon, it's worth 

3346
03:00:51,200 --> 03:00:54,600
considering why her story has 
endured for over 1,000 years. 

3347
03:00:54,600 --> 03:00:57,500
What is it about this woman? 
From Welsh mythology that 

3348
03:00:57,500 --> 03:01:00,200
continues to speak to people 
across centuries and cultures. 

3349
03:01:00,900 --> 03:01:03,400
Part of it is simply that 
Rhiannon is an exceptionally, 

3350
03:01:03,400 --> 03:01:06,200
well drawn character. 
Even in a medieval texts, that 

3351
03:01:06,200 --> 03:01:08,200
doesn't spend much time on 
psychological depth. 

3352
03:01:08,200 --> 03:01:13,000
She comes through as a complete 
person, someone with agency 

3353
03:01:13,000 --> 03:01:16,000
dignity complexity and 
remarkable strength. 

3354
03:01:16,000 --> 03:01:19,600
She makes her own choices 
endures suffering without being 

3355
03:01:19,600 --> 03:01:22,700
destroyed by it and maintains 
herself through trials that 

3356
03:01:22,700 --> 03:01:25,600
would break most people. 
But I think there's something 

3357
03:01:25,600 --> 03:01:29,500
more specific about what real 
and represents, she embodies a 

3358
03:01:29,500 --> 03:01:30,700
particular. 
Kind of strength. 

3359
03:01:30,700 --> 03:01:33,400
That's often overlooked in favor
of more, obvious forms of power.

3360
03:01:34,200 --> 03:01:37,100
She doesn't win through physical
force or magical combat. 

3361
03:01:37,100 --> 03:01:40,200
She wins through endurance 
through maintaining her 

3362
03:01:40,200 --> 03:01:42,900
essential self in the face of 
everything that tries to break 

3363
03:01:42,900 --> 03:01:46,500
or change her. 
This is a kind of strength that 

3364
03:01:46,500 --> 03:01:49,600
resonates particularly with 
people who have experienced in 

3365
03:01:49,600 --> 03:01:53,800
Justice, false accusation or 
circumstances beyond their 

3366
03:01:53,800 --> 03:01:56,300
control. 
Rhiannon story says that you can

3367
03:01:56,300 --> 03:01:59,600
survive being wrongly blamed 
that you can endure public 

3368
03:01:59,600 --> 03:02:03,000
humiliation and that you can 
maintain your dignity even when 

3369
03:02:03,000 --> 03:02:06,500
everyone else treats you as if 
you have not Her story. 

3370
03:02:06,500 --> 03:02:10,800
Also speaks to the experience of
being an outsider Rhiannon is 

3371
03:02:10,800 --> 03:02:13,700
literally from another world and
she never quite fits into mortal

3372
03:02:13,700 --> 03:02:15,300
Society despite her best 
efforts. 

3373
03:02:16,200 --> 03:02:18,700
When something goes wrong, she's
blamed partly because she's 

3374
03:02:18,700 --> 03:02:20,900
different. 
But he doesn't quite belong. 

3375
03:02:20,900 --> 03:02:24,300
This is an experience that 
transcends medieval whales. 

3376
03:02:24,300 --> 03:02:28,000
It's the experience of anyone 
who has been marked as other who

3377
03:02:28,000 --> 03:02:30,800
doesn't fit neatly into the 
categories, their society as 

3378
03:02:30,800 --> 03:02:34,800
established the Vindication that
eventually comes provides. 

3379
03:02:34,800 --> 03:02:38,300
Hope that truth can Prevail even
after long delays, that being 

3380
03:02:38,300 --> 03:02:41,600
wrongly accused doesn't have to 
mean permanent disgrace, but the

3381
03:02:41,600 --> 03:02:44,300
seven years of suffering before 
that Vindication also 

3382
03:02:44,300 --> 03:02:47,300
acknowledge that Justice is 
often slow that being, right? 

3383
03:02:47,300 --> 03:02:50,500
Doesn't protect you from 
punishment and that endurance is

3384
03:02:50,500 --> 03:02:54,100
sometimes. 
All you have, Modern retellings 

3385
03:02:54,100 --> 03:02:57,300
and adaptations of Rihanna's 
story tend to emphasize 

3386
03:02:57,300 --> 03:02:59,900
different aspects, depending on 
what resonates with their 

3387
03:02:59,900 --> 03:03:02,900
particular moment, some focus on
her as a goddess figure 

3388
03:03:02,900 --> 03:03:05,300
reclaiming. 
The divine power that medieval 

3389
03:03:05,300 --> 03:03:09,200
Christianity, tried to diminish.
Others emphasize her strength as

3390
03:03:09,200 --> 03:03:12,200
a woman, surviving in a 
patriarchal society, still, 

3391
03:03:12,200 --> 03:03:14,800
others, focus on her as a symbol
of patience and endurance 

3392
03:03:14,800 --> 03:03:18,800
through unjust suffering. 
The folk rock band Fleetwood Mac

3393
03:03:18,800 --> 03:03:20,900
famously wrote a song called 
Rhiannon. 

3394
03:03:20,900 --> 03:03:24,100
The introduced her to millions 
of people who had never heard of

3395
03:03:24,100 --> 03:03:26,800
the Mabinogi. 
Stevie nicks's, mystical lyrics,

3396
03:03:26,800 --> 03:03:30,000
transformed, the medieval Welsh 
character into a symbol of 

3397
03:03:30,008 --> 03:03:33,800
feminine power and mystery for 
the 1970s, which then inspired 

3398
03:03:33,800 --> 03:03:36,900
countless women to name their 
daughters, Rhiannon, creating a 

3399
03:03:36,900 --> 03:03:40,500
chain of influence that spans 
from medieval whales to Modern 

3400
03:03:40,500 --> 03:03:44,000
maternity Wards modern paganism 
and Neo Celtic spirituality. 

3401
03:03:44,000 --> 03:03:47,300
Have claimed Rhiannon as a 
goddess, building practices, and

3402
03:03:47,300 --> 03:03:49,800
devotions around her that would 
probably puzzle. 

3403
03:03:49,800 --> 03:03:53,000
Medieval Welsh storytellers, but
this reimagining speaks to 

3404
03:03:53,008 --> 03:03:57,000
Something Real People continue 
to find in Rihanna and a figure 

3405
03:03:57,008 --> 03:04:00,700
who represents quality, they 
value and aspire to academic 

3406
03:04:00,700 --> 03:04:03,600
scholars, study, her as a window
into pre-christian, Celtic, 

3407
03:04:03,600 --> 03:04:06,900
religion, trying to reconstruct 
the goddess figure. 

3408
03:04:06,900 --> 03:04:10,000
She might have descended from 
feminist Scholars, examine her 

3409
03:04:10,000 --> 03:04:13,000
story for what it reveals about,
women's lives and experiences in

3410
03:04:13,000 --> 03:04:15,100
medieval ways. 
Literary Scholars. 

3411
03:04:15,100 --> 03:04:17,900
Analyze the narrative structure 
and symbolic patterns in her 

3412
03:04:17,900 --> 03:04:20,400
tail. 
All of these interpretations 

3413
03:04:20,400 --> 03:04:23,100
have validity because Rhiannon 
is Rich enough, as a character 

3414
03:04:23,100 --> 03:04:26,600
to support multiple readings. 
She is not a simple figure with 

3415
03:04:26,600 --> 03:04:28,600
one obvious. 
Meaning, she's complex 

3416
03:04:28,600 --> 03:04:32,600
contradictory in some ways and 
capable of being understood from

3417
03:04:32,600 --> 03:04:35,300
multiple angles. 
But perhaps, what makes Rihanna 

3418
03:04:35,300 --> 03:04:38,600
and most enduring is simply that
she's memorable that image of 

3419
03:04:38,600 --> 03:04:41,400
the woman on the White Horse. 
Moving at her own pace and 

3420
03:04:41,400 --> 03:04:44,300
catchable by force. 
Sticks in your imagination. 

3421
03:04:44,300 --> 03:04:47,400
Once you encounter it the 
patience of sitting at a gate 

3422
03:04:47,400 --> 03:04:50,900
for seven years the joy of 
vindication the strength to 

3423
03:04:50,900 --> 03:04:53,000
endure multiple trials without 
losing yourself. 

3424
03:04:53,900 --> 03:04:57,300
These are images and ideas that 
Lodge in your mind and stay 

3425
03:04:57,300 --> 03:04:59,800
there. 
In a world that often celebrates

3426
03:04:59,800 --> 03:05:03,300
flashy heroism and dramatic 
victories Rhiannon offers 

3427
03:05:03,300 --> 03:05:06,900
something different. 
Quiet heroism of endurance the 

3428
03:05:06,900 --> 03:05:09,600
victory of maintaining yourself 
when everything tries to break 

3429
03:05:09,600 --> 03:05:11,900
you down. 
That's a kind of strength that 

3430
03:05:11,900 --> 03:05:15,200
never goes out of style. 
Because every generation has 

3431
03:05:15,200 --> 03:05:17,700
people who need to hear that 
they can survive in Justice. 

3432
03:05:18,400 --> 03:05:20,300
That being wronged doesn't mean 
being broken. 

3433
03:05:21,400 --> 03:05:23,900
As you're breathing deepens and 
sleep comes closer. 

3434
03:05:23,900 --> 03:05:27,500
Let's think about what we can 
take from Rihanna and story into

3435
03:05:27,500 --> 03:05:30,000
our own lives. 
What does this medieval Welsh 

3436
03:05:30,000 --> 03:05:32,500
tale about a woman from the 
other world have to teach us in 

3437
03:05:32,508 --> 03:05:36,300
our very different world. 
First there's the lesson about 

3438
03:05:36,300 --> 03:05:39,600
patience rhiannon's trials won't
resolved quickly. 

3439
03:05:39,600 --> 03:05:43,000
She sat at that gate for seven 
years before truth caught up 

3440
03:05:43,000 --> 03:05:45,500
with lies. 
In our world of instant 

3441
03:05:45,500 --> 03:05:48,500
communication and Rapid news 
Cycles seven years feels like an

3442
03:05:48,500 --> 03:05:51,200
eternity. 
We expect Justice quickly 

3443
03:05:51,200 --> 03:05:54,500
Vindication immediately and 
Truth to Triumph in the next new

3444
03:05:54,500 --> 03:05:57,400
cycle. 
Rhiannon's story, reminds us 

3445
03:05:57,400 --> 03:05:59,200
that sometimes Justice takes 
time. 

3446
03:05:59,200 --> 03:06:03,100
Truth, doesn't always Prevail 
immediately being in the right, 

3447
03:06:03,100 --> 03:06:04,400
doesn't protect you from 
suffering. 

3448
03:06:04,400 --> 03:06:07,200
In the short term, the question 
is whether you can maintain 

3449
03:06:07,200 --> 03:06:10,300
yourself during the waiting 
whether you can endure without 

3450
03:06:10,300 --> 03:06:12,100
becoming what your accusers 
claim you are. 

3451
03:06:12,108 --> 03:06:16,300
This doesn't mean accepting 
Injustice, passively Rhiannon, 

3452
03:06:16,300 --> 03:06:19,000
endured her punishment, but she 
never admitted to the crime. 

3453
03:06:19,000 --> 03:06:21,900
She didn't commit. 
She performed what was required 

3454
03:06:21,900 --> 03:06:24,300
of her while maintaining her 
own, internal knowledge of the 

3455
03:06:24,308 --> 03:06:26,200
truth. 
There's a difference between 

3456
03:06:26,200 --> 03:06:29,600
endurance and capitulation 
between patients and passive 

3457
03:06:29,600 --> 03:06:32,500
acceptance. 
Second, there's something 

3458
03:06:32,508 --> 03:06:35,700
important in Realms relationship
with her other worldly nature. 

3459
03:06:35,700 --> 03:06:39,400
She comes from our own but she 
chooses to live in the mortal 

3460
03:06:39,400 --> 03:06:42,500
world. 
She has Supernatural power but 

3461
03:06:42,500 --> 03:06:44,100
she endures very human 
suffering. 

3462
03:06:44,900 --> 03:06:47,600
She could presumably have used 
magic to escape her punishment 

3463
03:06:47,600 --> 03:06:51,700
or to prove her innocence. 
But she doesn't, instead she 

3464
03:06:51,700 --> 03:06:54,500
experienced as the consequences 
of living in the mortal world, 

3465
03:06:54,500 --> 03:06:58,000
according to Mortal rules. 
This suggests something about 

3466
03:06:58,000 --> 03:07:01,600
integration about choosing to 
fully inhabit, whatever world 

3467
03:07:01,600 --> 03:07:05,200
you find yourself in rather than
constantly retreating to the 

3468
03:07:05,200 --> 03:07:07,300
safety of being different or 
special. 

3469
03:07:07,300 --> 03:07:10,300
Rhiannon doesn't use her. 
Other worldly status as an 

3470
03:07:10,300 --> 03:07:12,000
escape hatch from Human 
consequences. 

3471
03:07:12,000 --> 03:07:15,600
She lives fully in the world. 
She has chosen even when that 

3472
03:07:15,600 --> 03:07:20,800
world treats her terribly. 
For those of us who sometimes 

3473
03:07:20,800 --> 03:07:24,000
feel like Outsiders, who don't 
quite fit into the categories, 

3474
03:07:24,000 --> 03:07:27,400
our society establishes, there's
both challenged and comfort. 

3475
03:07:27,400 --> 03:07:30,600
In this, the challenge is to 
fully engage with the world as 

3476
03:07:30,600 --> 03:07:34,000
it is rather than retreating 
into the fantasy of being too 

3477
03:07:34,000 --> 03:07:36,700
special for ordinary problems. 
The comfort is that you can 

3478
03:07:36,700 --> 03:07:38,800
maintain your essential 
differentness while still 

3479
03:07:38,800 --> 03:07:40,800
participating fully in the world
around you. 

3480
03:07:41,800 --> 03:07:45,300
Third, there's the lesson in how
Rhiannon handles Vindication 

3481
03:07:45,300 --> 03:07:48,400
when the truth comes out she 
doesn't demand revenge on the 

3482
03:07:48,400 --> 03:07:51,700
six women who lied about her. 
She doesn't rage about the seven

3483
03:07:51,700 --> 03:07:55,200
years she lost she focuses on 
what matters her son is 

3484
03:07:55,200 --> 03:07:57,900
returned. 
The truth is known and life can 

3485
03:07:57,900 --> 03:08:00,500
continue. 
This isn't about being weak or 

3486
03:08:00,500 --> 03:08:03,300
accepting in Justice. 
It's about understanding what? 

3487
03:08:03,300 --> 03:08:05,700
Actually serves you once 
Vindication comes. 

3488
03:08:05,700 --> 03:08:08,900
Sometimes, the desire for 
Revenge keeps you trapped in the

3489
03:08:08,908 --> 03:08:12,300
past tied to your suffering. 
Even after the external 

3490
03:08:12,300 --> 03:08:15,700
circumstances of changed, 
rhiannon's ability to focus on 

3491
03:08:15,700 --> 03:08:19,700
Joy rather than retribution 
suggests a kind of wisdom that 

3492
03:08:19,700 --> 03:08:21,900
knows the difference between 
Justice and revenge. 

3493
03:08:21,900 --> 03:08:26,200
In our Council culture moment, 
where public accusations and 

3494
03:08:26,200 --> 03:08:30,200
counter-accusations fly 
constantly, where everyone seems

3495
03:08:30,200 --> 03:08:32,600
focused on punishing, wrongdoing
and demanding accountability, 

3496
03:08:32,600 --> 03:08:36,500
Rhiannon offers a different 
model, not accountability free, 

3497
03:08:36,500 --> 03:08:40,200
the truth does come out she's 
Vindicated but focused on moving

3498
03:08:40,200 --> 03:08:42,600
forward rather than dwelling in 
Justified anger. 

3499
03:08:43,700 --> 03:08:46,200
Forth. 
There's something in rhiannon's 

3500
03:08:46,200 --> 03:08:49,300
multiple trials, she faces, 
false accusation and 

3501
03:08:49,300 --> 03:08:51,900
imprisonment. 
She loses and regains her son. 

3502
03:08:51,900 --> 03:08:55,800
She's widowed and remarried and 
out and she's captured by the 

3503
03:08:55,800 --> 03:08:58,100
other world. 
And freed again, life keeps 

3504
03:08:58,100 --> 03:09:01,200
throwing things at her and she 
keeps surviving keeps 

3505
03:09:01,200 --> 03:09:04,100
maintaining herself and keeps 
finding ways forward. 

3506
03:09:05,000 --> 03:09:07,300
This feels particularly 
relevant, for those of us in 

3507
03:09:07,300 --> 03:09:11,300
middle age, the target audience 
for this Bedtime Story by your 

3508
03:09:11,300 --> 03:09:13,900
40s and 50s, you've likely been 
through some things. 

3509
03:09:13,900 --> 03:09:16,300
Maybe not magical imprisonment 
in the other World. 

3510
03:09:16,300 --> 03:09:22,200
Perhaps divorce job loss Health 
crises grief betrayal or any of 

3511
03:09:22,200 --> 03:09:24,100
the other trials that come with 
living a full life. 

3512
03:09:24,100 --> 03:09:27,700
Rhiannon story suggests that 
surviving one trial doesn't 

3513
03:09:27,700 --> 03:09:31,400
exempt you from future ones. 
Life isn't a video game where 

3514
03:09:31,400 --> 03:09:34,800
you beat one level and move on 
to permanent safety but it also 

3515
03:09:34,800 --> 03:09:37,400
shows that surviving each trial,
builds strength for the next 

3516
03:09:37,400 --> 03:09:39,700
one. 
The endurance is a skill that 

3517
03:09:39,700 --> 03:09:43,100
improves with practice and that 
you can be tested multiple times

3518
03:09:43,100 --> 03:09:45,300
and still maintain your 
essential self. 

3519
03:09:46,200 --> 03:09:50,400
Finally, there's the lesson in 
Rihanna's choices she chooses 

3520
03:09:50,400 --> 03:09:53,300
will over gwal. 
She chooses to endure her 

3521
03:09:53,300 --> 03:09:56,700
punishment rather than a band 
and the supernatural means to 

3522
03:09:56,700 --> 03:09:59,400
escape. 
Chooses to enter the mysterious 

3523
03:09:59,400 --> 03:10:02,700
Fortress to save her son even 
knowing, it's a trap. 

3524
03:10:02,700 --> 03:10:05,800
She's not a passive victim of 
Fate, she's someone who makes 

3525
03:10:05,800 --> 03:10:08,100
active choices and lives with 
their consequences. 

3526
03:10:08,100 --> 03:10:12,100
This agency is important. 
Even in circumstances, that seem

3527
03:10:12,100 --> 03:10:15,500
completely Beyond her control, 
Rhiannon finds spaces where 

3528
03:10:15,500 --> 03:10:18,500
Choice exists. 
She can't control being falsely 

3529
03:10:18,500 --> 03:10:21,900
accused but she can control how 
she responds to punishment. 

3530
03:10:22,800 --> 03:10:25,900
She can't control the magical 
trap but she can choose whether 

3531
03:10:25,900 --> 03:10:28,500
to enter it. 
In our own lives. 

3532
03:10:28,500 --> 03:10:32,300
We often face situations, where 
we feel powerless, Rhiannon 

3533
03:10:32,300 --> 03:10:35,000
reminds us that even in the 
worst circumstance, is small 

3534
03:10:35,000 --> 03:10:37,500
spaces of choice. 
Remain, how we inhabit? 

3535
03:10:37,500 --> 03:10:39,900
Those spaces, and how we make 
the choices available to us 

3536
03:10:39,900 --> 03:10:44,300
shape, who we become The Moon is
Riding High over ancient whales 

3537
03:10:44,300 --> 03:10:47,100
casting silver light across the 
landscape. 

3538
03:10:47,100 --> 03:10:49,800
Where Rhiannon story has been 
told for over 1,000 years 

3539
03:10:49,800 --> 03:10:53,200
somewhere in that landscape in 
the space between what was and 

3540
03:10:53,200 --> 03:10:56,500
what might have been a white 
horse moves at its own pace 

3541
03:10:56,500 --> 03:11:01,300
unhurried and uncatchable 
Rhiannon story is complete, but 

3542
03:11:01,300 --> 03:11:05,200
in another sense, it continues. 
Every time someone tells it, she

3543
03:11:05,200 --> 03:11:08,600
rides again, every time someone 
finds strength in her example, 

3544
03:11:08,600 --> 03:11:11,500
she endures again. 
Every time someone chooses truth

3545
03:11:11,500 --> 03:11:14,100
over convenience, painting's 
dignity in the face of 

3546
03:11:14,100 --> 03:11:17,300
humiliation or survives in 
Justice without being broken by 

3547
03:11:17,300 --> 03:11:21,500
it, her Legacy lives on. 
You've spent this hour with a 

3548
03:11:21,500 --> 03:11:24,700
woman from another world who 
chose to live in this one who 

3549
03:11:24,700 --> 03:11:27,600
faced trials that would have 
destroyed most people and who 

3550
03:11:27,600 --> 03:11:30,000
maintained herself through 
everything Life and Legend. 

3551
03:11:30,000 --> 03:11:32,600
Could throw it her, you've 
walked with her, from her first 

3552
03:11:32,600 --> 03:11:35,300
appearance on that, white horse 
to her final Vindication and 

3553
03:11:35,300 --> 03:11:39,500
Beyond, as you drift towards 
sleep, let Rhiannon strength be 

3554
03:11:39,500 --> 03:11:43,100
with you, not the flashy 
strength of magic or power, but 

3555
03:11:43,100 --> 03:11:46,500
the deeper strength of endurance
of maintaining your essential 

3556
03:11:46,500 --> 03:11:49,800
self, regardless of 
circumstances of knowing who you

3557
03:11:49,800 --> 03:11:51,900
are, when everyone else is 
telling you, you're something 

3558
03:11:51,900 --> 03:11:55,700
different. 
Let her patients be with you. 

3559
03:11:56,500 --> 03:11:59,600
The patience to endure when 
Justice is slow to wait for 

3560
03:11:59,600 --> 03:12:03,100
truth to catch up with lies to 
survive the years at the gate, 

3561
03:12:03,100 --> 03:12:05,100
knowing that Vindication may 
come eventually. 

3562
03:12:05,100 --> 03:12:10,800
Even if it doesn't come soon, 
Let her dignity be with you, the

3563
03:12:10,800 --> 03:12:14,600
ability, to perform humiliating 
tasks without being humiliated 

3564
03:12:14,600 --> 03:12:17,600
in your own eyes, to endure 
degradation, without being 

3565
03:12:17,600 --> 03:12:20,600
degraded internally. 
And to know that what others say

3566
03:12:20,600 --> 03:12:22,500
about you doesn't change the 
truth of who you are. 

3567
03:12:22,500 --> 03:12:26,900
Let her Joy be with you, the 
capacity to celebrate when good 

3568
03:12:26,900 --> 03:12:30,500
things finally happen to focus 
on what's found rather than what

3569
03:12:30,500 --> 03:12:33,100
was lost and to experience 
genuine happiness. 

3570
03:12:33,100 --> 03:12:36,800
Even after years of suffering 
and let her agency be with you. 

3571
03:12:36,800 --> 03:12:40,700
The knowledge that even in the 
worst circumstances choices 

3572
03:12:40,700 --> 03:12:43,500
remain available that you can 
make decisions about how to 

3573
03:12:43,500 --> 03:12:45,200
respond. 
If not about what happens to 

3574
03:12:45,200 --> 03:12:48,900
you, and that being trapped in 
external circumstances, doesn't 

3575
03:12:48,900 --> 03:12:50,500
mean being trapped in your own 
mind. 

3576
03:12:51,400 --> 03:12:54,400
The White Horse is still moving 
Somewhere Between Worlds and 

3577
03:12:54,400 --> 03:12:57,900
Rihanna is still riding it, 
patient and dignified and free. 

3578
03:12:57,900 --> 03:13:01,400
She's been riding for over 1000 
years and she'll continue to 

3579
03:13:01,400 --> 03:13:04,200
ride as long as people tell us a
story finding in it. 

3580
03:13:04,200 --> 03:13:06,400
Something that speaks to their 
own struggles and triumphs 

3581
03:13:06,400 --> 03:13:09,400
tomorrow. 
When you wake, you'll return to 

3582
03:13:09,400 --> 03:13:12,900
your Ordinary World with its 
ordinary challenges, but you'll 

3583
03:13:12,900 --> 03:13:14,900
carry with you. 
The memory of a woman who moved 

3584
03:13:14,900 --> 03:13:18,600
between worlds who endured The 
unendurable, Who maintained 

3585
03:13:18,600 --> 03:13:21,200
herself through trials that 
should have broken her and who 

3586
03:13:21,200 --> 03:13:23,400
emerged with her essential self 
intact. 

3587
03:13:24,100 --> 03:13:27,500
That's not a bad companion to 
have as you navigate whatever, 

3588
03:13:27,500 --> 03:13:30,900
trials your own life presents, 
Rhiannon Road between the mortal

3589
03:13:30,900 --> 03:13:33,400
world and an. 
You can ride between sleeping 

3590
03:13:33,400 --> 03:13:37,000
and waking between the world of 
medieval Legend and Modern Life 

3591
03:13:37,000 --> 03:13:40,200
carrying her strength with you 
as you go sleep. 

3592
03:13:40,200 --> 03:13:42,800
Well, knowing that some stories 
are more than entertainment 

3593
03:13:42,800 --> 03:13:46,200
their maps for navigating the 
difficult terrain of Being Human

3594
03:13:46,200 --> 03:13:49,500
guides for surviving the trials.
We all face in one form or 

3595
03:13:49,500 --> 03:13:52,500
another Rhiannon story has 
guided people for over a 

3596
03:13:52,500 --> 03:13:54,700
millennium. 
And tonight, it's guided you 

3597
03:13:54,708 --> 03:13:58,600
towards sleep with its lessons 
of strength, patience, and 

3598
03:13:58,600 --> 03:14:03,200
unbreakable dignity. 
The White Horse moves on 

3599
03:14:03,200 --> 03:14:06,900
unhurried and uncatchable 
carrying the lady of the White 

3600
03:14:06,900 --> 03:14:10,300
Horse through the centuries and 
into your dreams, may you meet 

3601
03:14:10,308 --> 03:14:13,500
her there in that space between 
worlds and may she teach you, 

3602
03:14:13,500 --> 03:14:15,600
whatever you most need to learn 
rest. 

3603
03:14:15,600 --> 03:14:20,400
Now, the story is told, the lady
is Vindicated, the son is 

3604
03:14:20,400 --> 03:14:23,300
restored and Truth has triumphed
over lies. 

3605
03:14:23,300 --> 03:14:26,100
Tomorrow brings its own 
challenges, but tonight belongs 

3606
03:14:26,100 --> 03:14:29,900
to rest to sleep to the gentle 
space where ancient stories 

3607
03:14:29,900 --> 03:14:33,500
become part of Who We Are. 
Good night, May Rihanna, and 

3608
03:14:33,500 --> 03:14:36,500
strength, be yours, her 
patient's guide you and her 

3609
03:14:36,500 --> 03:14:38,600
dignity sustain you through, 
whatever Gates. 

3610
03:14:38,600 --> 03:14:40,100
You must sit at in your own 
life. 

3611
03:14:47,700 --> 03:14:50,400
You're stepping into the 
everyday life of ancient Egypt, 

3612
03:14:50,400 --> 03:14:55,400
far from the grand temples and 
Royal processions here along the

3613
03:14:55,400 --> 03:14:59,400
Niles Banks and within mudbrick,
Villages, Ordinary People wake 

3614
03:14:59,400 --> 03:15:01,800
each morning to work. 
That is sustained their families

3615
03:15:01,800 --> 03:15:05,100
for Generations. 
The rhythm of their days follows

3616
03:15:05,100 --> 03:15:09,000
the river, the sun, and the 
seasons, creating a world held 

3617
03:15:09,000 --> 03:15:13,200
together by routine, shared 
labor, and the quiet knowledge 

3618
03:15:13,200 --> 03:15:15,100
of how things have always been 
done. 

3619
03:15:15,100 --> 03:15:19,500
You wake Before Dawn, most 
mornings, not to an alarm, but 

3620
03:15:19,500 --> 03:15:22,500
to your body's recognition of 
First Light filtering through 

3621
03:15:22,500 --> 03:15:25,300
the small window, opening near 
your sleeping mat. 

3622
03:15:26,400 --> 03:15:28,900
The air holds a coolness that 
will disappear within hours. 

3623
03:15:30,400 --> 03:15:34,400
You sit up slowly letting your 
eyes, adjust to the dim interior

3624
03:15:34,400 --> 03:15:37,600
of your home, where your family 
still sleeps in the comfortable 

3625
03:15:37,600 --> 03:15:42,000
Silence of early morning. 
Your first task, like most 

3626
03:15:42,000 --> 03:15:46,600
mornings, involves water you 
reach for the ceramic jar, near 

3627
03:15:46,600 --> 03:15:48,500
the doorway, checking its 
weight. 

3628
03:15:48,500 --> 03:15:51,600
Nearly empty. 
This means a walk to the 

3629
03:15:51,600 --> 03:15:54,300
riverbank or to the Village. 
Well before the day grows hot, 

3630
03:15:55,200 --> 03:15:58,300
Step outside into are that feels
gentle against your skin. 

3631
03:15:58,300 --> 03:16:02,000
Carrying the faint, dampness 
that rises from the Nile each 

3632
03:16:02,000 --> 03:16:04,700
night. 
Other people are already moving 

3633
03:16:04,700 --> 03:16:07,500
through the village. 
You see a neighbor lifting her 

3634
03:16:07,500 --> 03:16:12,400
own water jar onto her shoulder,
balancing it with practice DS, a

3635
03:16:12,400 --> 03:16:16,000
man passes leading a donkey 
loaded with bundles of reeds. 

3636
03:16:16,900 --> 03:16:20,300
Children who woke early play 
quietly near a doorway drawing 

3637
03:16:20,300 --> 03:16:24,000
shapes in the dust with sticks. 
No one speaks much yet. 

3638
03:16:24,000 --> 03:16:27,300
Morning, feels like a time for 
movement rather than 

3639
03:16:27,300 --> 03:16:30,200
conversation. 
The path to the river follows 

3640
03:16:30,200 --> 03:16:33,900
the same route you've taken. 
Since childhood your feet know, 

3641
03:16:33,900 --> 03:16:36,100
each dip and rise in the packed 
Earth. 

3642
03:16:36,800 --> 03:16:38,900
Date palms. 
Create patches of shade along 

3643
03:16:38,900 --> 03:16:41,800
the way. 
You notice the season by small 

3644
03:16:41,800 --> 03:16:46,000
signs the height of the river 
against its banks, the color of 

3645
03:16:46,000 --> 03:16:49,500
the water and whether certain 
plants have begun to flower or 

3646
03:16:49,500 --> 03:16:51,700
fade. 
These details, tell you what 

3647
03:16:51,700 --> 03:16:55,800
work needs doing, what foods 
might be available and how the 

3648
03:16:55,800 --> 03:16:59,500
weeks ahead will unfold. 
At the riverbank you find. 

3649
03:16:59,500 --> 03:17:01,100
Others already filling their 
jars. 

3650
03:17:01,100 --> 03:17:04,600
The water moves slowly here. 
Barely Rippling. 

3651
03:17:05,300 --> 03:17:08,600
You kneel on the smooth Stones 
worn by countless people 

3652
03:17:08,600 --> 03:17:10,400
performing. 
The same task. 

3653
03:17:11,200 --> 03:17:14,200
The water feels cool is you dip 
your job, beneath the surface, 

3654
03:17:14,200 --> 03:17:17,900
letting it fill gradually to 
avoid, stirring up, silt from 

3655
03:17:17,900 --> 03:17:21,400
the bottom. 
You lift, it carefully testing 

3656
03:17:21,400 --> 03:17:24,400
its weight before hoisting, it 
onto your hip for the walk home.

3657
03:17:25,200 --> 03:17:28,000
On your return, you pause where 
someone has set up a simple 

3658
03:17:28,000 --> 03:17:30,800
arrangement of baskets 
containing vegetables and dried 

3659
03:17:30,800 --> 03:17:34,200
fish. 
This isn't a formal Market, just

3660
03:17:34,200 --> 03:17:36,900
a neighbor with extra produce 
from their garden plot. 

3661
03:17:37,700 --> 03:17:39,700
You trade a small piece of 
linen. 

3662
03:17:39,700 --> 03:17:42,000
You overlap last week for a 
handful of onions and some 

3663
03:17:42,000 --> 03:17:45,600
lettuce The Exchange happens 
with nods and brief words. 

3664
03:17:46,400 --> 03:17:49,300
Both of, you know, roughly what 
things are worth and what 

3665
03:17:49,300 --> 03:17:52,900
constitutes fairness in the 
small transactions back home, 

3666
03:17:52,900 --> 03:17:56,200
you pour some water into a 
shallow bowl for washing and 

3667
03:17:56,200 --> 03:17:58,700
save the rest for cooking and 
drinking throughout the day. 

3668
03:17:59,500 --> 03:18:02,500
Your family begins to stir your 
youngest child. 

3669
03:18:02,500 --> 03:18:04,600
Sits up rubbing sleep from his 
eyes. 

3670
03:18:05,800 --> 03:18:09,300
Your wife moves to the grinding 
stones to begin working grain 

3671
03:18:09,300 --> 03:18:12,000
into flour. 
A task that takes up a portion 

3672
03:18:12,000 --> 03:18:15,800
of nearly every morning. 
The sound of stone against Stone

3673
03:18:15,800 --> 03:18:19,100
creates a steady rhythmic 
scraping that carries through 

3674
03:18:19,100 --> 03:18:21,900
the village, as other women do 
the same work in their homes, 

3675
03:18:21,900 --> 03:18:25,300
after a simple breakfast of 
bread and some dates, you head 

3676
03:18:25,300 --> 03:18:28,300
to your work. 
If you're a farmer, this means 

3677
03:18:28,300 --> 03:18:31,200
walking to the fields that your 
family has cultivated for 

3678
03:18:31,200 --> 03:18:35,400
Generations. 
The Niles annual flooding has 

3679
03:18:35,400 --> 03:18:38,800
left behind rich dark soil. 
That needs little encouragement 

3680
03:18:38,800 --> 03:18:42,500
to produce wheat, and barley. 
You check the irrigation 

3681
03:18:42,500 --> 03:18:45,100
channels making sure water flows
where it should. 

3682
03:18:46,000 --> 03:18:48,700
Sometimes a channel gets blocked
with debris or mud. 

3683
03:18:48,700 --> 03:18:52,200
Requiring you to clear it with 
your hands or a simple. 

3684
03:18:52,200 --> 03:18:54,700
Wooden tool. 
If you work with your hands in 

3685
03:18:54,700 --> 03:18:57,500
other ways, your morning might 
involve Gathering materials. 

3686
03:18:57,500 --> 03:19:01,500
Read Cutters wade into the 
marshes where Papyrus grows tall

3687
03:19:01,500 --> 03:19:05,600
and thick you grasp a stem near 
its base and slice through it 

3688
03:19:05,600 --> 03:19:10,000
with a curved blade then gather 
the reads into bundles The work 

3689
03:19:10,000 --> 03:19:12,400
requires attention, but not 
constant. 

3690
03:19:12,400 --> 03:19:14,700
Thought your hands know what to 
do. 

3691
03:19:14,700 --> 03:19:17,800
The marsh Birds continue their 
activities around. 

3692
03:19:17,800 --> 03:19:20,000
You barely noticing your 
presence. 

3693
03:19:21,000 --> 03:19:23,900
Clay workers walk to Riverbanks,
where the mud has the right 

3694
03:19:23,900 --> 03:19:26,900
consistency. 
You test it with your fingers 

3695
03:19:26,900 --> 03:19:29,900
looking for that particular 
texture that will shape well 

3696
03:19:29,900 --> 03:19:33,200
without crumbling. 
You feel boss gets with the clay

3697
03:19:33,200 --> 03:19:36,800
and carry it back to your work 
area where you'll shape it into 

3698
03:19:36,800 --> 03:19:39,300
pots dishes or bricks over the 
coming days. 

3699
03:19:40,100 --> 03:19:43,300
Each load represents future 
objects that your household or 

3700
03:19:43,300 --> 03:19:45,800
neighbors will use until they 
eventually break and need 

3701
03:19:45,800 --> 03:19:48,500
replacing wood is scarce in this
landscape. 

3702
03:19:48,500 --> 03:19:51,000
So those who work with it, move 
carefully, through stands of 

3703
03:19:51,008 --> 03:19:54,700
acacia trees, or Tamarisk 
selecting branches, that can 

3704
03:19:54,700 --> 03:19:59,100
become tool handles Furniture 
parts or supports for doorways. 

3705
03:19:59,100 --> 03:20:01,700
You don't cut living trees 
without need. 

3706
03:20:01,700 --> 03:20:06,900
Instead, you look for dead 
branches, Fallen Limbs and would

3707
03:20:06,900 --> 03:20:10,300
that the river has deposited 
during flood season, You 

3708
03:20:10,300 --> 03:20:14,000
recognize, which Woods will 
split easily, which will hold up

3709
03:20:14,000 --> 03:20:17,000
under weight and which work best
for different purposes. 

3710
03:20:18,300 --> 03:20:21,200
Gathering fuel for cooking 
fires, involves collecting dried

3711
03:20:21,200 --> 03:20:24,500
dung from livestock pens and 
Fields were animals graze. 

3712
03:20:25,300 --> 03:20:29,000
This isn't unpleasant work just 
practical, the dried material 

3713
03:20:29,000 --> 03:20:32,900
Burns, deadly and provides the 
heat needed for baking bread and

3714
03:20:32,900 --> 03:20:36,400
cooking, stews children often 
help with this task, filling 

3715
03:20:36,400 --> 03:20:39,600
baskets and carrying them home. 
They learn early that nothing 

3716
03:20:39,600 --> 03:20:43,200
gets wasted that every material 
has its use in keeping daily 

3717
03:20:43,200 --> 03:20:47,000
life running smoothly women and 
girls gather wild plants that 

3718
03:20:47,000 --> 03:20:50,800
supplement cultivated Foods, you
know which Marsh crosses have 

3719
03:20:50,800 --> 03:20:54,300
edible roots, which desert 
plants produce seeds worth 

3720
03:20:54,300 --> 03:20:58,500
collecting and when different 
plants, reach their Peak, this 

3721
03:20:58,500 --> 03:21:01,600
knowledge passes from mothers to
daughters through years of 

3722
03:21:01,600 --> 03:21:06,100
walking, the same paths pointing
out plants and teaching when to 

3723
03:21:06,100 --> 03:21:09,800
harvest and what to avoid you 
fill the fold of your linen 

3724
03:21:09,800 --> 03:21:12,900
dress, with your findings, 
carrying them home to sort and 

3725
03:21:12,900 --> 03:21:15,900
prepare the village. 
Well, serves as another 

3726
03:21:15,900 --> 03:21:19,600
gathering point, if your home 
isn't close to the river, you 

3727
03:21:19,600 --> 03:21:23,000
come here, instead, taking your 
turn at the rope and bucket. 

3728
03:21:23,000 --> 03:21:27,900
While waiting you hear bits of 
news, someone's daughter is 

3729
03:21:27,900 --> 03:21:29,900
marrying into a family from the 
next Village. 

3730
03:21:29,900 --> 03:21:34,000
Someone's goat, gave birth to 
twins and someone needs help 

3731
03:21:34,000 --> 03:21:38,100
replying their roof. 
Information flows naturally in 

3732
03:21:38,100 --> 03:21:40,300
the space is where people pause 
in their work. 

3733
03:21:41,300 --> 03:21:44,100
Basketry materials require 
regular collecting. 

3734
03:21:44,100 --> 03:21:47,700
You need Palm for owns reads and
tough grasses to weave the 

3735
03:21:47,700 --> 03:21:49,900
containers that hold everything 
in your household. 

3736
03:21:51,000 --> 03:21:53,800
You gather these materials and 
quantity when you find them 

3737
03:21:53,800 --> 03:21:57,700
storing them in a dry place 
until needed, the work of 

3738
03:21:57,700 --> 03:22:00,800
gathering, never really ends. 
As soon as you've collected. 

3739
03:22:00,800 --> 03:22:04,100
Enough of one material, another 
runs low and needs. 

3740
03:22:04,100 --> 03:22:08,200
Replenishing by mid-morning, 
most people have completed their

3741
03:22:08,200 --> 03:22:11,700
first round of gathering and 
returned home or to work areas, 

3742
03:22:11,700 --> 03:22:15,300
the temperature has risen 
noticeably You see people 

3743
03:22:15,300 --> 03:22:19,100
seeking shade as they continue 
their tasks, moving their work 

3744
03:22:19,100 --> 03:22:21,500
under trees or beneath simple 
reach shelters. 

3745
03:22:22,300 --> 03:22:24,500
The urgency of early morning has
passed. 

3746
03:22:25,400 --> 03:22:28,100
Now comes the steadier Rhythm of
the main work day. 

3747
03:22:28,100 --> 03:22:30,700
Where tasks begun, this morning 
will continue through the 

3748
03:22:30,700 --> 03:22:33,500
afternoon. 
You sit in the shade of your 

3749
03:22:33,500 --> 03:22:37,500
home's, outer wall, examining a 
basket that has developed a 

3750
03:22:37,500 --> 03:22:40,900
split along one side. 
This basket is carried 

3751
03:22:40,900 --> 03:22:43,500
vegetables from the garden and 
grain from storage. 

3752
03:22:43,500 --> 03:22:45,800
For several years, you don't 
discard it. 

3753
03:22:45,800 --> 03:22:49,200
Instead you soak some read 
strips in water until they 

3754
03:22:49,200 --> 03:22:52,400
become pliable, then weave them 
through, the damaged section, 

3755
03:22:52,400 --> 03:22:56,600
reinforcing the weak spot, Your 
fingers move almost without 

3756
03:22:56,600 --> 03:22:59,000
conscious Direction following 
patterns. 

3757
03:22:59,000 --> 03:23:02,200
You've repeated countless times.
Within a short. 

3758
03:23:02,208 --> 03:23:06,000
While the basket is whole, 
again, ready for more years of 

3759
03:23:06,000 --> 03:23:07,600
use. 
Repair. 

3760
03:23:07,600 --> 03:23:11,700
Work fills a significant portion
of daily life objects, brake 

3761
03:23:11,700 --> 03:23:15,600
materials, wear down, and 
structures needed attention. 

3762
03:23:15,600 --> 03:23:18,200
You address. 
These needs as they arise 

3763
03:23:18,200 --> 03:23:20,300
usually. 
Before they become serious 

3764
03:23:20,300 --> 03:23:23,400
problems, this morning's 
maintenance keeps everything 

3765
03:23:23,400 --> 03:23:26,700
functioning without requiring 
dramatic interventions or 

3766
03:23:26,700 --> 03:23:30,600
expensive replacements. 
Your neighbor sits nearby 

3767
03:23:30,600 --> 03:23:35,300
working on a cracked grinding 
stone. he examines where the 

3768
03:23:35,300 --> 03:23:38,600
stone are split determining if 
it can still be used or needs 

3769
03:23:38,600 --> 03:23:41,200
replacing The crack isn't 
severe. 

3770
03:23:41,200 --> 03:23:45,000
He'll continue using it for now,
but he's already thinking about 

3771
03:23:45,000 --> 03:23:47,900
where to obtain a new stone. 
When this one finally gives out 

3772
03:23:47,900 --> 03:23:51,900
completely that might not happen
for months or even years, but 

3773
03:23:51,900 --> 03:23:54,500
awareness of eventual needs his 
planning. 

3774
03:23:55,100 --> 03:23:57,300
Clothing requires constant 
attention. 

3775
03:23:58,300 --> 03:24:01,600
Linen fabric. 
While durable develops, tears 

3776
03:24:01,600 --> 03:24:06,400
and worn spots with regular use.
Women spend parts of most days, 

3777
03:24:06,400 --> 03:24:10,500
mending garments using bony 
needles and linen thread to 

3778
03:24:10,500 --> 03:24:14,000
close seams, and reinforce areas
that receive the most stress. 

3779
03:24:14,900 --> 03:24:19,200
A man's loin cloth that tears at
the waist, gets new tie, a 

3780
03:24:19,200 --> 03:24:22,200
child's dress that has grown too
short receives an added band of 

3781
03:24:22,200 --> 03:24:25,400
fabric at the Hem. 
Nothing gets thrown away while. 

3782
03:24:25,400 --> 03:24:28,700
It can still serve a purpose. 
You watch your wife, work on a 

3783
03:24:28,700 --> 03:24:31,000
piece of weaving creating new in
from thread. 

3784
03:24:31,000 --> 03:24:33,500
She spun herself. 
The loom stand. 

3785
03:24:33,500 --> 03:24:35,500
Upright, leaning against the 
house wall. 

3786
03:24:35,500 --> 03:24:39,500
She works the shuttle back and 
forth, building the fabric row 

3787
03:24:39,500 --> 03:24:43,900
by row. this slow methodical 
process eventually produces the 

3788
03:24:43,900 --> 03:24:48,400
material your family uses for 
clothing bedding and trading she

3789
03:24:48,400 --> 03:24:50,800
can work while also keeping an 
eye on the children and 

3790
03:24:50,800 --> 03:24:53,700
participating in conversations 
with neighbors who pass by 

3791
03:24:54,700 --> 03:25:00,100
Pottery repair happens regularly
clay vessels crack or chip the 

3792
03:25:00,100 --> 03:25:03,700
small damage you make a paste 
from mud and use it to seal the 

3793
03:25:03,700 --> 03:25:06,000
crack. 
For larger breaks, you might 

3794
03:25:06,000 --> 03:25:09,200
drill small holes on either side
of the brake and tie the pieces 

3795
03:25:09,200 --> 03:25:12,300
together with cord. 
A pot that can no longer hold 

3796
03:25:12,300 --> 03:25:14,800
liquids might still serve for 
storing Dry Goods. 

3797
03:25:15,500 --> 03:25:19,100
Even broken pieces get ground up
and mixed into new clay rather 

3798
03:25:19,100 --> 03:25:22,600
than discarded. 
Your home itself needs regular 

3799
03:25:22,600 --> 03:25:26,500
maintenance the mud brick walls.
Don't last forever without care.

3800
03:25:26,500 --> 03:25:31,000
You mix new mud with chopped 
straw and water creating a 

3801
03:25:31,000 --> 03:25:33,800
plaster that you spread over 
areas where the wall has begun 

3802
03:25:33,800 --> 03:25:37,200
to crumble or crack. 
The work isn't difficult just 

3803
03:25:37,200 --> 03:25:41,500
repetitive you smooth the mud 
with your hands working it into 

3804
03:25:41,500 --> 03:25:44,400
all the gaps and weak spots. 
Once it dries. 

3805
03:25:44,400 --> 03:25:48,700
It blends with the existing wall
adding strength and extending 

3806
03:25:48,700 --> 03:25:53,000
the structures life roof repair 
requires more effort the roof 

3807
03:25:53,000 --> 03:25:56,200
consists of wooden beams covered
with Reed mats and topped with 

3808
03:25:56,200 --> 03:25:59,600
mud. 
When rain comes rare but hard, 

3809
03:25:59,600 --> 03:26:03,000
it can wash away some of the mud
covering or loosen the Reeds. 

3810
03:26:03,000 --> 03:26:06,500
You climb onto the roof several 
times a year to check its 

3811
03:26:06,500 --> 03:26:10,000
condition and make repairs. 
You replace old Reed, mats with 

3812
03:26:10,000 --> 03:26:14,200
new ones, add fresh mud, where 
needed and make sure water will 

3813
03:26:14,200 --> 03:26:16,600
drain properly rather than 
pooling and seeping through 

3814
03:26:16,600 --> 03:26:19,100
tools need sharpening and 
repair. 

3815
03:26:19,100 --> 03:26:22,600
You take your hoe to a neighbor 
who are skill with stone and 

3816
03:26:22,600 --> 03:26:26,800
Metal He examines the blade 
noting where it has worn down or

3817
03:26:26,800 --> 03:26:30,400
developed NYX using careful 
strikes with a harder Stone. 

3818
03:26:30,400 --> 03:26:33,600
He reshapes The Edge making it 
effective again. 

3819
03:26:34,400 --> 03:26:37,000
You'll return his help later 
when he needs assistance with 

3820
03:26:37,000 --> 03:26:39,000
the task that requires more than
one person. 

3821
03:26:40,500 --> 03:26:43,600
This exchange of skills and 
labor, holds the community 

3822
03:26:43,600 --> 03:26:45,400
together, without formal 
accounting. 

3823
03:26:46,200 --> 03:26:48,200
Fishing nets, need constant 
attention. 

3824
03:26:48,200 --> 03:26:51,400
If you make your living from the
river, you spread the net on the

3825
03:26:51,400 --> 03:26:53,200
ground and examine every 
section. 

3826
03:26:53,200 --> 03:26:55,400
Looking for breaks in the 
cordage. 

3827
03:26:56,100 --> 03:26:59,800
Where you find damage you tie 
new chord into place matching 

3828
03:26:59,800 --> 03:27:03,400
the Nets pattern. 
This work requires good light, 

3829
03:27:03,400 --> 03:27:07,500
and patience rush through it and
you'll miss problems, that will 

3830
03:27:07,500 --> 03:27:11,300
cost you fish later. 
Take your time and the net will 

3831
03:27:11,308 --> 03:27:14,900
serve reliably when you cast it 
into the water boats. 

3832
03:27:14,900 --> 03:27:18,100
Require even more. 
Careful maintenance, whether you

3833
03:27:18,100 --> 03:27:21,400
own a small, read boat for 
personal use, or work on a 

3834
03:27:21,408 --> 03:27:24,100
larger wooden vessel. 
You check it regularly for 

3835
03:27:24,100 --> 03:27:26,100
damage. 
Read boats. 

3836
03:27:26,100 --> 03:27:28,700
Need rebinding where the bundles
have begun to separate. 

3837
03:27:28,700 --> 03:27:31,800
Wooden Boats. 
Need their seams sealed with 

3838
03:27:31,800 --> 03:27:33,800
pitch and resin to prevent 
leaking. 

3839
03:27:34,500 --> 03:27:37,500
You turn the boat over to 
examine its bottom looking for 

3840
03:27:37,500 --> 03:27:40,600
areas where where has made the 
whole thin or weak. 

3841
03:27:41,200 --> 03:27:44,200
Earlier tension to small 
problems, prevents larger 

3842
03:27:44,200 --> 03:27:46,900
failures, that could leave. 
You stranded on the water 

3843
03:27:46,900 --> 03:27:50,700
storage containers for grain and
other Foods need protection 

3844
03:27:50,700 --> 03:27:54,200
against moisture and pests you 
coat the inside of a large clay 

3845
03:27:54,200 --> 03:27:56,900
vessels with a mixture that 
helps preserve their contents. 

3846
03:27:57,700 --> 03:28:00,600
You check wooden boxes and 
baskets for signs of insects or 

3847
03:28:00,600 --> 03:28:02,500
mold. 
Good storage. 

3848
03:28:02,500 --> 03:28:05,000
Means your food lasts from one 
Harvest to the next. 

3849
03:28:05,000 --> 03:28:08,600
Providing security through 
Seasons when fresh food, becomes

3850
03:28:08,600 --> 03:28:11,400
scarce. 
Children, learn repair work by 

3851
03:28:11,400 --> 03:28:14,700
watching and helping. 
A young boy holds tools for his 

3852
03:28:14,700 --> 03:28:17,900
father. 
While a broken plow gets fixed a

3853
03:28:17,900 --> 03:28:20,400
girl watches her mother men 
clothing, learning which 

3854
03:28:20,400 --> 03:28:22,900
stitches work best for different
types of Tears. 

3855
03:28:22,900 --> 03:28:26,900
By the time children reach out 
to lessons, they already possess

3856
03:28:26,900 --> 03:28:29,100
many of the skills, they'll need
to maintain their own 

3857
03:28:29,100 --> 03:28:31,900
households. 
This knowledge transfers through

3858
03:28:31,900 --> 03:28:35,300
quiet demonstration rather than 
formal teaching. 

3859
03:28:36,100 --> 03:28:39,000
You notice the repair work 
creates a meditative state. 

3860
03:28:39,700 --> 03:28:43,000
Your hands, stay busy while your
mind, wanders or rests. 

3861
03:28:43,600 --> 03:28:47,100
You think about tomorrow's 
tasks, remember past events or 

3862
03:28:47,100 --> 03:28:49,900
simply exist in the moment. 
Without particular, thoughts 

3863
03:28:49,900 --> 03:28:53,100
demanding attention. 
The repetitive nature of the 

3864
03:28:53,100 --> 03:28:57,000
work allows for this kind of 
mental ease, making it restful 

3865
03:28:57,000 --> 03:29:00,800
despite being physical labor. 
Older people in the village 

3866
03:29:00,800 --> 03:29:04,200
often specialize in repair work,
that requires experience and 

3867
03:29:04,200 --> 03:29:06,600
knowledge, rather than physical 
strength. 

3868
03:29:07,400 --> 03:29:10,500
An elderly woman might spend her
days repairing baskets while 

3869
03:29:10,500 --> 03:29:13,700
sitting in the shade, her 
skilled fingers working quickly 

3870
03:29:13,700 --> 03:29:16,000
through problems that would 
stump younger people. 

3871
03:29:16,900 --> 03:29:20,100
And older man might shape 
replacement tool handles drawing

3872
03:29:20,100 --> 03:29:23,100
on Decades of knowledge about 
which would work best, and how 

3873
03:29:23,100 --> 03:29:25,300
to shape them for comfortable 
use and long life. 

3874
03:29:26,100 --> 03:29:28,200
Seasonal changes affect repair 
work. 

3875
03:29:28,900 --> 03:29:32,600
After the flood season, many 
items need attention due to the 

3876
03:29:32,600 --> 03:29:35,200
moisture and rough handling 
during that busy time. 

3877
03:29:35,900 --> 03:29:39,100
After harvest tools that saw 
heavy, use need care before 

3878
03:29:39,100 --> 03:29:42,200
storage. 
You develop a mental calendar of

3879
03:29:42,200 --> 03:29:44,500
when different types of 
Maintenance typically become 

3880
03:29:44,500 --> 03:29:48,000
necessary preparing for these 
needs in advance when possible 

3881
03:29:48,000 --> 03:29:51,600
the afternoon gross hotter and 
you move your repair work to a 

3882
03:29:51,608 --> 03:29:54,400
shadier spot. 
You'll continue until the 

3883
03:29:54,400 --> 03:29:57,800
temperature becomes truly 
uncomfortable, then pause for 

3884
03:29:57,800 --> 03:30:00,500
rest before resuming later when 
things cool down. 

3885
03:30:02,200 --> 03:30:05,000
The pace of work are just 
naturally to the day's 

3886
03:30:05,000 --> 03:30:08,000
conditions. 
No one expects maximum effort 

3887
03:30:08,000 --> 03:30:11,500
during the hottest hours that 
would be wasteful of energy and 

3888
03:30:11,500 --> 03:30:15,500
potentially harmful instead you 
work steadily. 

3889
03:30:15,500 --> 03:30:19,800
When conditions, allow and rest,
when they don't, You live 

3890
03:30:19,800 --> 03:30:22,800
surrounded by people, you've 
known your entire life. 

3891
03:30:23,600 --> 03:30:26,600
The Village consists mostly of 
extended families, whose 

3892
03:30:26,600 --> 03:30:29,900
connections go back, 
Generations, your neighbor to 

3893
03:30:29,900 --> 03:30:33,700
one side is your cousin, The 
family across the Narrow Lane, 

3894
03:30:33,700 --> 03:30:35,700
shares a grandparent with your 
father. 

3895
03:30:36,800 --> 03:30:40,500
This web of relationship shapes 
daily life in ways that don't 

3896
03:30:40,500 --> 03:30:42,400
require explanation or 
enforcement. 

3897
03:30:43,500 --> 03:30:47,000
Children move freely between 
households, a child, playing 

3898
03:30:47,000 --> 03:30:48,900
near your doorway. 
Might belong to your sister's 

3899
03:30:48,900 --> 03:30:53,200
family, your neighbor's family, 
or your own family adults, keep 

3900
03:30:53,200 --> 03:30:56,500
a general watch overall children
without strict assignment of 

3901
03:30:56,500 --> 03:30:59,400
responsibility. 
If a child wanders, too close to

3902
03:30:59,408 --> 03:31:02,100
Danger. 
Whoever notices will redirect 

3903
03:31:02,100 --> 03:31:04,700
them if a child needs food or 
water. 

3904
03:31:04,700 --> 03:31:09,800
They can get it from any nearby 
adult. this Collective care 

3905
03:31:09,800 --> 03:31:13,300
means children, really lack 
supervision even though no 

3906
03:31:13,300 --> 03:31:17,400
single person watches them, 
constantly share labor, 

3907
03:31:17,400 --> 03:31:20,800
naturally when tasks require 
more hands than one household 

3908
03:31:20,800 --> 03:31:25,100
can provide Building a new 
storage shed, replastering, a 

3909
03:31:25,100 --> 03:31:28,300
large wall or moving heavy, 
Stones becomes a group activity.

3910
03:31:29,400 --> 03:31:32,900
People show up without formal 
invitation understanding that 

3911
03:31:32,900 --> 03:31:34,800
today. 
You need help and tomorrow 

3912
03:31:34,800 --> 03:31:37,400
someone else will. 
You work together and 

3913
03:31:37,400 --> 03:31:40,600
comfortable silence or with a 
light conversation, breaking 

3914
03:31:40,600 --> 03:31:43,400
periodically to drink water, or 
rest in the shade. 

3915
03:31:44,300 --> 03:31:47,900
Food-sharing happens regularly 
without formal ritual, if your 

3916
03:31:47,900 --> 03:31:51,800
family has caught extra fish, 
you give some to Neighbors when 

3917
03:31:51,800 --> 03:31:54,300
someone bakes more bread than 
their household needs, they 

3918
03:31:54,300 --> 03:31:56,800
distribute the Surplus, no one 
tracks. 

3919
03:31:56,800 --> 03:32:00,500
These exchanges precisely the 
assumption is that everything 

3920
03:32:00,500 --> 03:32:03,900
balances over time the 
generosity flows, in all 

3921
03:32:03,900 --> 03:32:07,400
directions and that everyone 
benefits from this informal 

3922
03:32:07,400 --> 03:32:11,400
system, Family experience in 
temporary hardship. 

3923
03:32:11,400 --> 03:32:15,400
Receives food and help from 
others without shame or 

3924
03:32:15,400 --> 03:32:19,500
obligation to repay quickly. 
Knowledge passes between 

3925
03:32:19,500 --> 03:32:22,800
neighbors, constantly. 
You mentioned that your onions 

3926
03:32:22,800 --> 03:32:24,800
are being affected by some kind 
of pest? 

3927
03:32:25,600 --> 03:32:28,300
An older neighbor, describes a 
mixture of water and Crush 

3928
03:32:28,300 --> 03:32:31,900
leaves that might help. 
Another person suggests planting

3929
03:32:31,900 --> 03:32:33,900
something different in that spot
next season. 

3930
03:32:34,900 --> 03:32:38,700
You try these suggestions and if
they work your information along

3931
03:32:38,700 --> 03:32:40,500
to someone else, facing a 
similar problem. 

3932
03:32:41,800 --> 03:32:44,900
The Village collectively holds 
far more knowledge than any 

3933
03:32:44,900 --> 03:32:50,200
individual possesses. disputes 
happen, but rarely escalate If 

3934
03:32:50,208 --> 03:32:53,800
your goat wanders into someone's
guard and causes damage your 

3935
03:32:53,800 --> 03:32:56,100
apologize and help repair any 
harm done. 

3936
03:32:56,100 --> 03:32:59,900
If someone's child acts a deadly
break, something of yours, the 

3937
03:32:59,900 --> 03:33:01,800
parents acknowledge it and make 
things, right? 

3938
03:33:03,200 --> 03:33:06,200
Close Quarters and extended 
relationships encouraged 

3939
03:33:06,200 --> 03:33:10,400
resolution, rather than ongoing 
conflict. holding grudges become

3940
03:33:10,400 --> 03:33:13,300
too costly when you see the 
person every day and rely on 

3941
03:33:13,300 --> 03:33:18,000
them for various forms of help 
and cooperation, women gather in

3942
03:33:18,000 --> 03:33:21,800
the mornings to grind grain 
together, This work goes faster 

3943
03:33:21,800 --> 03:33:24,500
with company and the time 
becomes social. 

3944
03:33:25,500 --> 03:33:28,400
You talk about children about 
who's palm tree is producing, 

3945
03:33:28,400 --> 03:33:31,700
well, this year and about small 
funny incidents. 

3946
03:33:31,700 --> 03:33:35,300
That happened recently. 
Laughter comes easily. 

3947
03:33:36,100 --> 03:33:39,600
The sound of multiple grinding, 
Stones creates a rhythm that 

3948
03:33:39,600 --> 03:33:43,200
carries across the village 
marking the morning hours as 

3949
03:33:43,200 --> 03:33:46,800
surely as the sun's position. 
Men often work near each other, 

3950
03:33:46,800 --> 03:33:50,800
even when performing individual 
tasks, you might repair a 

3951
03:33:50,800 --> 03:33:52,400
fishing net. 
While your brother-in-law shapes

3952
03:33:52,400 --> 03:33:55,600
a new hoe handle and your 
neighbor patches is Sandals 

3953
03:33:55,600 --> 03:33:57,800
being together. 
Makes the work feel less 

3954
03:33:57,800 --> 03:34:00,300
solitary. 
If someone encounters a problem 

3955
03:34:00,300 --> 03:34:03,200
others can offer suggestions or 
assistance. 

3956
03:34:03,200 --> 03:34:06,400
The loose Congregation of people
creates a sense of 

3957
03:34:06,400 --> 03:34:10,700
companionship, without requiring
constant interaction, elderly 

3958
03:34:10,700 --> 03:34:13,500
members of the community receive
care from the whole village. 

3959
03:34:13,500 --> 03:34:16,900
If an old woman can no longer 
walk to the river for water. 

3960
03:34:16,900 --> 03:34:20,900
Younger women bring it to her. 
If an elderly man needs help 

3961
03:34:20,900 --> 03:34:23,800
with repairs to his home, 
others, take care of it without 

3962
03:34:23,800 --> 03:34:28,700
being asked. in return, older 
people offer wisdom settle 

3963
03:34:28,700 --> 03:34:32,000
occasional disputes and provide 
child care when their Mobility 

3964
03:34:32,000 --> 03:34:37,500
allows Their presence stabilizes
the community connecting present

3965
03:34:37,500 --> 03:34:41,900
activity to past experience 
skills specialization exists. 

3966
03:34:41,900 --> 03:34:46,100
But isn't rigid One person might
have a particular Talent with 

3967
03:34:46,100 --> 03:34:49,600
Pottery another with basket 
weaving and another with 

3968
03:34:49,600 --> 03:34:52,200
carpentry. 
People seek out these 

3969
03:34:52,200 --> 03:34:55,100
Specialists when they need 
something made well, but 

3970
03:34:55,100 --> 03:34:57,900
everyone possesses basic 
competence in most necessary 

3971
03:34:57,900 --> 03:35:00,900
tasks. 
If the Potter needs a basket, he

3972
03:35:00,900 --> 03:35:03,600
can make it himself even though 
it won't be as fine as what the 

3973
03:35:03,600 --> 03:35:07,600
basket Weaver would produce. 
This widespread capability means

3974
03:35:07,600 --> 03:35:09,300
the community doesn't become 
helpless. 

3975
03:35:09,300 --> 03:35:12,800
If one skilled person is 
unavailable children, learn 

3976
03:35:12,800 --> 03:35:16,700
adult work through gradual 
inclusion. a young girl Begins 

3977
03:35:16,700 --> 03:35:20,100
by watching her mother baked 
bread, then helps with simple 

3978
03:35:20,100 --> 03:35:24,200
tasks like adding fuel to the 
fire then assists with mixing 

3979
03:35:24,200 --> 03:35:27,900
dough and eventually makes bread
herself while her mother watches

3980
03:35:28,800 --> 03:35:32,800
a boy follows his father to the 
fields first just walking along 

3981
03:35:32,800 --> 03:35:36,900
then carrying light loads, then 
learning to use tools and 

3982
03:35:36,900 --> 03:35:40,800
finally working independently 
This progression happens, 

3983
03:35:40,800 --> 03:35:44,600
naturally over years, without 
formal stages or ceremonies. 

3984
03:35:45,500 --> 03:35:48,400
Families, often work their 
fields or pursue their crafts 

3985
03:35:48,400 --> 03:35:51,500
side by side. 
Your field borders, your 

3986
03:35:51,500 --> 03:35:55,200
brother's field, making it easy 
to talk while you both work. 

3987
03:35:56,000 --> 03:35:59,100
If one of you finishes a task 
earlier, you might help the 

3988
03:35:59,100 --> 03:36:02,400
other complete theirs. 
This cooperation increases 

3989
03:36:02,400 --> 03:36:05,000
efficiency without requiring 
planning or meetings. 

3990
03:36:05,000 --> 03:36:08,300
It simply makes sense to help 
each other when you're already 

3991
03:36:08,300 --> 03:36:12,100
present and able evening brings 
different patterns of gathering.

3992
03:36:12,800 --> 03:36:17,000
After the main work ends, people
sit outside their homes enjoying

3993
03:36:17,000 --> 03:36:21,000
cooler air and softer light. 
conversations happen between 

3994
03:36:21,000 --> 03:36:23,900
doorways, someone might be 
carving, a piece of wood, 

3995
03:36:23,900 --> 03:36:28,100
another person braiding rope, 
and another person just sitting 

3996
03:36:28,100 --> 03:36:33,000
and watching children play The 
atmosphere feels relaxed with no

3997
03:36:33,000 --> 03:36:36,100
urgency pushing anyone to 
accomplish specific goals. 

3998
03:36:37,200 --> 03:36:40,800
Music sometimes, emerges 
spontaneously, someone begins 

3999
03:36:40,800 --> 03:36:44,200
singing while they work. 
Others might join in or might 

4000
03:36:44,200 --> 03:36:46,900
not. 
Person with a simple flute, 

4001
03:36:46,900 --> 03:36:49,100
plays A Melody that drifts 
across the village. 

4002
03:36:49,100 --> 03:36:52,400
These moments of Music create 
shared pleasure without 

4003
03:36:52,400 --> 03:36:55,800
interrupting other activities 
songs often have words. 

4004
03:36:55,800 --> 03:36:58,900
Everyone knows and verses that 
have been sung for Generations 

4005
03:36:58,900 --> 03:37:02,500
telling stories, or describing 
seasonal changes or simply 

4006
03:37:02,500 --> 03:37:06,200
celebrating ordinary life. 
Festivals and celebrations 

4007
03:37:06,200 --> 03:37:09,400
punctuate the year, bringing 
more formal gatherings. 

4008
03:37:10,300 --> 03:37:13,700
But even these maintain an easy 
familiar quality rather than 

4009
03:37:13,700 --> 03:37:16,500
requiring, elaborate preparation
or exotic elements. 

4010
03:37:17,500 --> 03:37:21,500
People wear clean clothing, 
share special foods and dance or

4011
03:37:21,500 --> 03:37:24,900
play games children. 
Especially enjoy these breaks 

4012
03:37:24,900 --> 03:37:29,000
from routine, the celebrations, 
acknowledge the seasons, the 

4013
03:37:29,000 --> 03:37:32,700
River Cycles and the communities
continuation through another 

4014
03:37:32,700 --> 03:37:35,400
year. 
The Village functions through 

4015
03:37:35,400 --> 03:37:39,800
habit, as much as through active
cooperation, you know, when your

4016
03:37:39,800 --> 03:37:41,200
neighbor typically goes to the 
river. 

4017
03:37:41,200 --> 03:37:44,400
So you time your trip 
differently to avoid crowding. 

4018
03:37:45,200 --> 03:37:47,800
You understand which paths 
people prefer for different 

4019
03:37:47,800 --> 03:37:50,100
purposes. 
So you don't block them with 

4020
03:37:50,100 --> 03:37:53,000
your activities. 
These small adjustments happen 

4021
03:37:53,000 --> 03:37:57,100
unconsciously creating order 
without rules or enforcement. 

4022
03:37:58,200 --> 03:38:02,200
Strangers rarely appear in the 
village when they do people 

4023
03:38:02,200 --> 03:38:05,600
approach them with cautious 
curiosity rather than fear or 

4024
03:38:05,600 --> 03:38:08,500
hostility. 
A traveling Merchant might 

4025
03:38:08,500 --> 03:38:10,500
arrive with goods from distant 
areas. 

4026
03:38:11,400 --> 03:38:13,700
People examine, what's offered, 
and make some trades. 

4027
03:38:13,700 --> 03:38:17,900
The merchant moves on a message.
Carrier bringing news from 

4028
03:38:17,900 --> 03:38:22,200
another Village receives food, 
and rest before continuing the 

4029
03:38:22,200 --> 03:38:24,800
occasional presence of Outsiders
reminds you that your world 

4030
03:38:24,800 --> 03:38:27,900
extends Beyond immediate 
surroundings, even though most 

4031
03:38:27,900 --> 03:38:32,300
of your life unfolds within a 
small familiar territory, The 

4032
03:38:32,300 --> 03:38:35,800
Sun reaches its highest point 
and you feel the temperature, 

4033
03:38:35,800 --> 03:38:39,300
increased noticeably this isn't 
a signal to stop working 

4034
03:38:39,300 --> 03:38:42,200
entirely, but everyone 
automatically adjusts their pace

4035
03:38:42,200 --> 03:38:45,800
and location you move from 
direct sunlight into shade. 

4036
03:38:46,600 --> 03:38:49,300
If you've been performing 
strenuous physical labor, you 

4037
03:38:49,300 --> 03:38:52,800
switch to lighter tasks or 
simply pause your body has 

4038
03:38:52,800 --> 03:38:55,900
learned over years to recognize,
when pushing forward would be 

4039
03:38:55,900 --> 03:39:00,000
unwise, you sit with your back 
against the cool mud brick wall 

4040
03:39:00,000 --> 03:39:03,000
of your home. 
Feeling the contrast between the

4041
03:39:03,000 --> 03:39:06,500
walls temperature and the heated
are others in your family and 

4042
03:39:06,500 --> 03:39:08,500
throughout the village make 
similar adjustments. 

4043
03:39:09,600 --> 03:39:14,000
The streets become quieter, the 
sound of grinding, stones and 

4044
03:39:14,000 --> 03:39:18,500
hammering fade, children 
Retreat, to shaded areas, their 

4045
03:39:18,500 --> 03:39:20,700
play, becoming calmer and less 
energetic. 

4046
03:39:21,800 --> 03:39:24,700
Water become a specially 
important during these hours. 

4047
03:39:24,700 --> 03:39:27,300
You drink from the jar, you feel
this morning? 

4048
03:39:27,300 --> 03:39:30,500
Feeling the liquid, cool, your 
throat and settle in your 

4049
03:39:30,500 --> 03:39:33,000
stomach. 
You wet a cloth and wipe your 

4050
03:39:33,008 --> 03:39:38,300
face and neck and arms removing 
dust and sweat this simple act 

4051
03:39:38,300 --> 03:39:42,100
refreshes you without requiring 
much effort or water, the damp 

4052
03:39:42,100 --> 03:39:45,400
cloth also helps lower your body
temperature slightly as the 

4053
03:39:45,400 --> 03:39:48,800
moisture evaporates. 
Some people use this time for 

4054
03:39:48,800 --> 03:39:52,500
tasks that don't require 
movement or exertion your wife 

4055
03:39:52,500 --> 03:39:56,100
continues, her sewing in the 
shade, her hands working slowly 

4056
03:39:56,100 --> 03:39:59,400
and steadily. 
An older child practices writing

4057
03:39:59,400 --> 03:40:02,800
on a piece of broken pottery. 
Forming the symbols, they're 

4058
03:40:02,800 --> 03:40:05,100
learning. 
A neighbor repairs, a sandal, 

4059
03:40:05,100 --> 03:40:07,900
the leatherwork, requiring 
attention, but not physical 

4060
03:40:07,900 --> 03:40:10,600
strength. 
These activities maintain 

4061
03:40:10,600 --> 03:40:14,600
productivity while respecting 
the days thermal Peak, Sleep 

4062
03:40:14,600 --> 03:40:18,000
isn't uncommon during these 
hours, you might lie down on a 

4063
03:40:18,000 --> 03:40:21,900
mat in your home where the walls
block direct sunlight and 

4064
03:40:21,900 --> 03:40:26,000
provide relative. 
Coolness your eyes closed your 

4065
03:40:26,000 --> 03:40:30,200
breathing deepens. 
This rest isn't full nighttime 

4066
03:40:30,200 --> 03:40:32,900
sleep. 
Just a brief surrender to the 

4067
03:40:32,900 --> 03:40:36,100
body's preference for Stillness.
When conditions become 

4068
03:40:36,100 --> 03:40:39,900
uncomfortable, You awake 
naturally after a short time, 

4069
03:40:39,900 --> 03:40:42,800
feeling some restored and ready 
to resume work. 

4070
03:40:43,800 --> 03:40:46,800
Babies and young, children 
almost always sleep during these

4071
03:40:46,800 --> 03:40:51,000
hours, the heat of effects, the 
more strongly than adults and 

4072
03:40:51,000 --> 03:40:53,300
their bodies demand more 
frequent rest anyway. 

4073
03:40:53,300 --> 03:40:56,800
Mother's nurse their infants, 
then lay them down in the 

4074
03:40:56,800 --> 03:41:00,200
coolest part of the home. 
Hold a toddler's curl up on 

4075
03:41:00,208 --> 03:41:03,200
sleeping mats sometimes several 
children together. 

4076
03:41:03,200 --> 03:41:06,200
Seeking each other's company 
even in sleep. 

4077
03:41:07,000 --> 03:41:10,800
The household becomes very 
quiet, most voices, dropping to 

4078
03:41:10,800 --> 03:41:13,200
Whispers to avoid disturbing 
these resting children. 

4079
03:41:14,200 --> 03:41:16,700
Animals also seek rest during 
Peak Heat. 

4080
03:41:17,300 --> 03:41:20,200
Donkey stand in whatever shade 
they can find heads. 

4081
03:41:20,200 --> 03:41:24,900
Lowered appearing almost toes, 
dogs sprawl in dust beneath 

4082
03:41:24,900 --> 03:41:29,800
trees barely moving, even Birds,
reduce their activity, calling 

4083
03:41:29,800 --> 03:41:32,800
less frequently and staying 
within foliage rather than 

4084
03:41:32,800 --> 03:41:36,600
flying between trees. 
The whole landscape seems to 

4085
03:41:36,600 --> 03:41:39,800
acknowledge the sun's power 
during these hours and chooses 

4086
03:41:39,800 --> 03:41:41,700
not to challenge it 
unnecessarily. 

4087
03:41:42,700 --> 03:41:45,600
You notice how rest creates a 
natural division in the day? 

4088
03:41:46,400 --> 03:41:48,300
Morning. 
Work feels like one complete 

4089
03:41:48,300 --> 03:41:51,500
period ending. 
When heat becomes too strong. 

4090
03:41:52,600 --> 03:41:56,100
After noon work, which will 
resume later, become a second 

4091
03:41:56,100 --> 03:41:59,600
period with his own character, 
this break prevents exhaustion 

4092
03:41:59,600 --> 03:42:02,500
and makes the total amount of 
work feel more manageable. 

4093
03:42:03,400 --> 03:42:06,800
Without it, the day would feel 
Relentless wearing you down 

4094
03:42:06,800 --> 03:42:08,500
rather than simply keeping you 
busy. 

4095
03:42:09,300 --> 03:42:11,900
Conversation during rest 
periods, differs from morning, 

4096
03:42:11,900 --> 03:42:17,200
talk voices, remain lower 
quieter, topics, become less 

4097
03:42:17,200 --> 03:42:20,800
practical and more reflective. 
Someone might mention a dream, 

4098
03:42:20,800 --> 03:42:24,300
they had or recall an event from
years ago or simply make 

4099
03:42:24,300 --> 03:42:27,500
observations about birds, or 
clouds or the quality of light. 

4100
03:42:28,800 --> 03:42:33,100
No one expects, quick responses 
or active engagement, the talk 

4101
03:42:33,100 --> 03:42:35,800
drifts, pauses and resumes 
without pressure. 

4102
03:42:35,800 --> 03:42:39,700
If you're in the fields rather 
than the village you, rest 

4103
03:42:39,700 --> 03:42:42,300
beneath whatever trees are 
available or in the shadow of a 

4104
03:42:42,308 --> 03:42:45,400
wall or large Rock. 
Other workers spread out, 

4105
03:42:45,400 --> 03:42:47,500
similarly, each finding their 
own spot. 

4106
03:42:48,400 --> 03:42:51,400
Feels become still except for 
the occasional sound of someone 

4107
03:42:51,400 --> 03:42:53,600
shifting position or taking a 
drink. 

4108
03:42:54,700 --> 03:42:58,300
The landscape shimmers in the 
heat making distant objects 

4109
03:42:58,300 --> 03:43:01,700
unclear, and wavering, some 
people use, rest time for 

4110
03:43:01,700 --> 03:43:04,800
grooming and personal care. 
You might check your fingernails

4111
03:43:04,800 --> 03:43:07,300
and toenails, trimming them with
a sharp Stone. 

4112
03:43:07,300 --> 03:43:11,100
If needed you comb through your 
hair with your fingers, removing

4113
03:43:11,100 --> 03:43:14,700
Tangles and debris, these small 
acts of Maintenance feel 

4114
03:43:14,700 --> 03:43:17,000
satisfying without requiring 
real energy. 

4115
03:43:17,000 --> 03:43:20,200
They also help you feel more 
comfortable when you return to 

4116
03:43:20,200 --> 03:43:22,700
work. 
The river continues flowing 

4117
03:43:22,700 --> 03:43:26,900
regardless of human activity, 
its sound constant and soothing.

4118
03:43:27,600 --> 03:43:30,300
If you're resting near the 
water, you listen to its gentle 

4119
03:43:30,300 --> 03:43:34,000
movement, the way it laps 
against the banks and swirls 

4120
03:43:34,000 --> 03:43:37,500
around reads. 
This sound has accompanied every

4121
03:43:37,500 --> 03:43:40,100
moment of your life. 
Becoming so familiar. 

4122
03:43:40,100 --> 03:43:44,100
You barely notice it. 
Consciously Yet its absence, if 

4123
03:43:44,100 --> 03:43:47,300
you traveled far from the river,
would feel strange and 

4124
03:43:47,300 --> 03:43:50,500
unsettling. 
As the afternoon progresses, the

4125
03:43:50,500 --> 03:43:54,500
worst heat gradually passes. 
You sent this shift before, you 

4126
03:43:54,500 --> 03:43:58,300
could name, any specific change,
perhaps the air feels slightly 

4127
03:43:58,300 --> 03:44:01,100
less heavy. 
Perhaps, Shadows have length and

4128
03:44:01,100 --> 03:44:04,000
just a bit. 
Perhaps your body simply knows. 

4129
03:44:04,000 --> 03:44:08,200
It has rested enough, you stand 
stretch and prepare to return to

4130
03:44:08,200 --> 03:44:11,900
work, others throughout the 
village, make similar movements 

4131
03:44:11,900 --> 03:44:15,800
the sound of activity resumed 
gradually, rather than all at 

4132
03:44:15,800 --> 03:44:19,100
once. 
A grinding, stone starts up, 

4133
03:44:19,100 --> 03:44:22,800
someone calls out to a neighbor 
children emerge from this 

4134
03:44:22,800 --> 03:44:26,300
sleeping spots and begin playing
again their energy renewed. 

4135
03:44:27,100 --> 03:44:31,100
The days second phase begins 
naturally, without any signal or

4136
03:44:31,100 --> 03:44:34,300
announcement. 
You return to the task you left 

4137
03:44:34,300 --> 03:44:37,700
earlier, or begin a new one. 
If the previous work finished 

4138
03:44:37,700 --> 03:44:41,800
before rest became necessary, 
Your body feels capable again, 

4139
03:44:41,800 --> 03:44:44,200
ready for several more hours of 
effort. 

4140
03:44:45,000 --> 03:44:48,600
The rest has served its purpose,
not just restoring physical 

4141
03:44:48,600 --> 03:44:52,000
energy but also providing mental
relief from sustained Focus. 

4142
03:44:53,300 --> 03:44:56,600
The afternoon stretches ahead 
long enough for Meaningful 

4143
03:44:56,600 --> 03:45:00,400
accomplishment, but not so long 
that you can't Envision its end.

4144
03:45:00,400 --> 03:45:03,600
You begin preparing the evening 
meal while often Moonlight still

4145
03:45:03,600 --> 03:45:06,400
provides good visibility for the
detail work involved. 

4146
03:45:07,100 --> 03:45:09,900
First, you check your supplies 
inventorying. 

4147
03:45:09,900 --> 03:45:12,400
What's available? 
The household stores, barley and

4148
03:45:12,400 --> 03:45:13,400
Emma wheat. 
In large. 

4149
03:45:13,400 --> 03:45:17,200
Clay vessels have onions, 
garlic, and some dried fish from

4150
03:45:17,200 --> 03:45:20,700
recent trading a basket holds 
dates that are beginning to 

4151
03:45:20,700 --> 03:45:24,500
ring, but remain good. 
Some fresh lettuce and cucumbers

4152
03:45:24,500 --> 03:45:27,800
came from the garden. 
This morning making bread forms 

4153
03:45:27,800 --> 03:45:31,300
the foundation of the meal. 
As it does most days, you 

4154
03:45:31,300 --> 03:45:34,400
measure out grain and carry it 
to the grinding Stones. 

4155
03:45:34,400 --> 03:45:39,900
These Stones one flat and one 
curved have worn smooth hollows 

4156
03:45:39,900 --> 03:45:43,200
from years of use. 
You pour grain into the hollow 

4157
03:45:43,200 --> 03:45:45,800
of the lowest Stone. 
Then use the upper Stone to 

4158
03:45:45,800 --> 03:45:49,900
grind it with repeated circular 
motions. the grain gradually 

4159
03:45:49,900 --> 03:45:53,300
breaks down into flour, though, 
it remains coarser than what you

4160
03:45:53,308 --> 03:45:56,800
could achieve with more time and
effort, the grinding produces 

4161
03:45:56,800 --> 03:45:59,600
rhythmic scraping sound that 
other women in neighboring 

4162
03:45:59,600 --> 03:46:03,500
houses, also create You can hear
three or four other families 

4163
03:46:03,500 --> 03:46:06,000
performing the same task at 
roughly the same time. 

4164
03:46:06,900 --> 03:46:10,200
Your arms develop a steady 
Rhythm that you can make for the

4165
03:46:10,200 --> 03:46:13,000
extended period needed to 
produce enough flour for your 

4166
03:46:13,008 --> 03:46:16,200
family's bread. 
The motion becomes almost 

4167
03:46:16,200 --> 03:46:20,800
meditative requiring attention, 
but not intense concentration. 

4168
03:46:21,800 --> 03:46:25,600
Once you have sufficient flower,
you mix it with water in a 

4169
03:46:25,600 --> 03:46:29,100
ceramic Bowl, your hands work, 
the mixture, adding water 

4170
03:46:29,100 --> 03:46:33,100
gradually until the dough 
reaches the right consistency to

4171
03:46:33,100 --> 03:46:36,600
dry, and it won't hold together 
two wet and it will stick to 

4172
03:46:36,600 --> 03:46:40,700
everything you've made bread. 
Countless times and your hands 

4173
03:46:40,700 --> 03:46:44,500
know the feel your seeking. 
You need the dough briefly then 

4174
03:46:44,500 --> 03:46:48,900
shape it into flat round loaves.
Fire pits sits outside your 

4175
03:46:48,900 --> 03:46:51,400
home. 
A circle of stones, containing 

4176
03:46:51,400 --> 03:46:54,700
ashes and partially burned. 
Would you add dried dung and 

4177
03:46:54,700 --> 03:46:58,100
some small sticks to the 
existing coals blowing gently to

4178
03:46:58,100 --> 03:47:02,100
encourage flames? 
Fire catches growing gradually 

4179
03:47:02,100 --> 03:47:04,200
rather than blazing up all at 
once. 

4180
03:47:04,800 --> 03:47:07,700
You let it burn until you have a
good bed of hot coals. 

4181
03:47:07,700 --> 03:47:11,500
Then reduce the Flames to a more
controlled level. you place the 

4182
03:47:11,500 --> 03:47:14,500
bread loaves directly on hot 
Stones arranged around the fire 

4183
03:47:14,500 --> 03:47:18,100
turning them periodically to 
ensure even cooking the bread 

4184
03:47:18,100 --> 03:47:21,700
begins to firm up developing a 
slightly crispy exterior, while 

4185
03:47:21,700 --> 03:47:25,200
remaining softer inside. 
The smell of baking bread. 

4186
03:47:25,200 --> 03:47:28,400
Drifts through the village 
mixing with similar sense from 

4187
03:47:28,400 --> 03:47:31,600
other households. 
This smells signals the approach

4188
03:47:31,600 --> 03:47:34,500
of evening and the end of the 
work day as reliably as the 

4189
03:47:34,500 --> 03:47:37,600
sun's position. 
While the bread bakes, you 

4190
03:47:37,600 --> 03:47:42,100
prepare other food you slice, 
onions and garlic, combine them 

4191
03:47:42,108 --> 03:47:44,900
with water, and a bit of oil in 
a clay pot. 

4192
03:47:45,600 --> 03:47:47,700
And set it near the fire to cook
slowly. 

4193
03:47:49,200 --> 03:47:53,100
The dried fish gets soaked in 
water to soften it, then added 

4194
03:47:53,100 --> 03:47:55,700
to the pot. 
This simple stew will provide 

4195
03:47:55,700 --> 03:47:58,000
flavor and substance beyond the 
bread. 

4196
03:47:58,000 --> 03:48:01,600
You stir it occasionally, making
sure nothing sticks to the 

4197
03:48:01,600 --> 03:48:05,100
bottom of the pot. 
Fresh vegetables require minimal

4198
03:48:05,100 --> 03:48:07,600
preparation. 
You rent the lettuce and 

4199
03:48:07,600 --> 03:48:10,700
cucumbers in water? 
Then slice them into pieces that

4200
03:48:10,700 --> 03:48:14,300
can be easily eaten. 
These will be served raw, 

4201
03:48:14,300 --> 03:48:18,100
providing a crisp texture and 
fresh taste that contrasts with 

4202
03:48:18,100 --> 03:48:21,800
the cooked elements of the meal.
You arrange them on a flat. 

4203
03:48:21,800 --> 03:48:25,000
Ceramic dish that has survived 
years of daily use despite 

4204
03:48:25,000 --> 03:48:28,900
several repaired cracks. 
Dates need only to be checked 

4205
03:48:28,900 --> 03:48:32,700
for any that have spoiled or 
attracted insects you sort 

4206
03:48:32,700 --> 03:48:34,900
through them. 
Discarding a few that have gone 

4207
03:48:34,900 --> 03:48:38,800
bad and arranging the rest in a 
bowl dates provides sweetness 

4208
03:48:38,800 --> 03:48:41,800
that most other Foods lack 
children, especially look 

4209
03:48:41,800 --> 03:48:45,000
forward to the often eating them
as a treat separate from the 

4210
03:48:45,000 --> 03:48:47,400
main meal. 
You have some beer that you 

4211
03:48:47,400 --> 03:48:51,300
prepared, several days ago, the 
process involves sprouting grain

4212
03:48:51,300 --> 03:48:56,500
drying, it, grinding it mixing 
it with water and allowing it to

4213
03:48:56,500 --> 03:49:00,100
ferment. 
The result is thick nutritious 

4214
03:49:00,100 --> 03:49:04,300
and mildly alcoholic. 
You strain it through a basket 

4215
03:49:04,300 --> 03:49:08,100
to remove solid particles then 
pour it into jars for serving 

4216
03:49:08,100 --> 03:49:11,600
beer. 
Provides hydration nutrition and

4217
03:49:11,600 --> 03:49:14,800
a pleasant mild Buzz that helps 
everyone relax in the evening. 

4218
03:49:15,600 --> 03:49:19,400
The bread finishes baking. 
You remove each loaf from the 

4219
03:49:19,400 --> 03:49:21,900
hot Stones, using a folded cloth
to protect your hands. 

4220
03:49:21,900 --> 03:49:25,600
The bread is risen slightly and 
developed brown spots were at 

4221
03:49:25,600 --> 03:49:29,400
contacted the stones. 
You stack the loaves in a basket

4222
03:49:29,400 --> 03:49:31,900
covering them with a cloth to 
keep them warm and protect them 

4223
03:49:31,900 --> 03:49:35,000
from dust? 
Stew is simmered long enough for

4224
03:49:35,000 --> 03:49:38,100
the flavors to blend and the 
fish to break down into small 

4225
03:49:38,100 --> 03:49:42,100
tender pieces. 
You taste it judging, whether it

4226
03:49:42,100 --> 03:49:45,200
needs anything else. 
Perhaps a bit more water to 

4227
03:49:45,200 --> 03:49:49,400
thin, it slightly, you stir in 
the addition and let it cook a 

4228
03:49:49,400 --> 03:49:51,900
few moments longer. 
Your children, gather as the 

4229
03:49:51,908 --> 03:49:55,200
cooking nears completion drawn 
by the smell and by the 

4230
03:49:55,200 --> 03:49:58,500
knowledge that meal time 
approaches, they know not to ask

4231
03:49:58,500 --> 03:50:02,200
for food until you're ready to 
serve, but they stay closed and 

4232
03:50:02,200 --> 03:50:06,600
anticipating Your husband 
arrives from the fields setting 

4233
03:50:06,600 --> 03:50:09,500
down his tools and washing his 
hands and face before joining 

4234
03:50:09,500 --> 03:50:12,900
the family. 
You lay out the food on simple, 

4235
03:50:12,900 --> 03:50:15,500
ceramic dishes. 
And the woven mat where your 

4236
03:50:15,500 --> 03:50:18,900
family eats every on sits 
reaching for bread. 

4237
03:50:18,900 --> 03:50:24,200
First tearing pieces from the 
loaves, you Laidlaw into bowls, 

4238
03:50:24,200 --> 03:50:27,400
passing them around. 
The vegetables get shared from 

4239
03:50:27,400 --> 03:50:29,900
the common dish. 
Each person taking what they 

4240
03:50:29,900 --> 03:50:32,500
want. 
The dates remain in their bowl 

4241
03:50:32,500 --> 03:50:36,000
available throughout the meal 
eating doesn't require much 

4242
03:50:36,000 --> 03:50:40,100
conversation. 
Hungry people focus on food, the

4243
03:50:40,100 --> 03:50:43,200
taste of familiar comforting 
rather than exciting. 

4244
03:50:44,000 --> 03:50:47,300
This meal closely resembles 
yesterday's meal and tomorrow's 

4245
03:50:47,300 --> 03:50:49,400
meal. 
The consistency provides 

4246
03:50:49,400 --> 03:50:52,700
security, rather than boredom, 
you know what to expect? 

4247
03:50:52,700 --> 03:50:55,900
You know, you'll have enough. 
You know, your body will feel 

4248
03:50:55,900 --> 03:51:00,000
satisfied when you finish. 
Children, eat quickly, their 

4249
03:51:00,000 --> 03:51:03,500
hunger, demanding immediate, 
satisfaction adults, eat more 

4250
03:51:03,500 --> 03:51:06,500
slowly taking time to enjoy the 
food and the break from work. 

4251
03:51:07,500 --> 03:51:10,500
Someone might comment on the 
bread's texture or mention that 

4252
03:51:10,500 --> 03:51:14,500
the fish was particularly good. 
These observations acknowledge 

4253
03:51:14,500 --> 03:51:17,600
the Kooks work without requiring
elaborate praise or response. 

4254
03:51:18,700 --> 03:51:21,900
After the main eating finishes 
people can continue sitting 

4255
03:51:21,900 --> 03:51:25,000
perhaps having a few more dates 
or another cup of beer. 

4256
03:51:26,400 --> 03:51:29,400
Children drift away to play 
briefly before, full Darkness 

4257
03:51:29,400 --> 03:51:33,900
arrives, adults talk quietly 
about tomorrow's plans or about 

4258
03:51:33,900 --> 03:51:37,100
nothing in particular. 
The empty dishes, sits 

4259
03:51:37,100 --> 03:51:40,500
temporarily forgotten the clean 
up something that can wait for 

4260
03:51:40,500 --> 03:51:43,600
the moment. 
Eventually you gather the dishes

4261
03:51:43,600 --> 03:51:46,500
and carry them to a large bowl 
while you'll wash them with 

4262
03:51:46,508 --> 03:51:50,100
water and sand? 
The simple friction of sand 

4263
03:51:50,100 --> 03:51:52,100
removes food particles and 
Greece. 

4264
03:51:52,100 --> 03:51:55,800
You Grinch the dishes with clean
water and stack them to dry. 

4265
03:51:55,800 --> 03:51:59,000
The cooking pot gets similar 
treatment, though. 

4266
03:51:59,000 --> 03:52:01,500
You leave a thin layer of 
residue that will seize it for 

4267
03:52:01,500 --> 03:52:05,600
future use. 
Fire dies down to coals, you 

4268
03:52:05,600 --> 03:52:09,100
don't extinguish it completely, 
these coals will make starting 

4269
03:52:09,100 --> 03:52:12,300
tomorrow's fire easier, saving, 
time and fuel. 

4270
03:52:13,300 --> 03:52:17,200
You sweep up any spilled grain 
or food scraps, feeding them to 

4271
03:52:17,200 --> 03:52:19,900
the household animals or adding 
them to the compost area. 

4272
03:52:21,000 --> 03:52:25,300
Nothing edible goes to waste, 
even scraps have value as feed. 

4273
03:52:25,300 --> 03:52:28,700
Or fertilizer, the sun lowers 
toward the Horizon. 

4274
03:52:28,700 --> 03:52:31,000
Casting Long Shadows across the 
village. 

4275
03:52:31,900 --> 03:52:34,900
The quality of light changes 
becoming softer and more gold 

4276
03:52:34,900 --> 03:52:38,500
and you feel the temperature 
dropping the oppressive heat of 

4277
03:52:38,500 --> 03:52:43,400
midday finally breaking this 
shift brings relief and signals 

4278
03:52:43,400 --> 03:52:46,000
the Days. 
Inn approaching work that must 

4279
03:52:46,008 --> 03:52:48,100
finish today receives final 
attention. 

4280
03:52:48,100 --> 03:52:51,700
While tasks that can wait, get 
set aside for tomorrow. 

4281
03:52:52,500 --> 03:52:55,900
You sit outside, your doorway, 
taking advantage of the pleasant

4282
03:52:55,900 --> 03:52:59,600
temperature and remaining light.
Your wife joined, you bringing 

4283
03:52:59,600 --> 03:53:02,000
simple hand work. 
That doesn't require a close 

4284
03:53:02,000 --> 03:53:04,600
Focus. 
She's repairing a tear in a 

4285
03:53:04,608 --> 03:53:06,900
child's clothing. 
A fingers move moving 

4286
03:53:06,900 --> 03:53:08,900
automatically through familiar 
stitches. 

4287
03:53:08,900 --> 03:53:12,600
You're not doing anything in 
particular, just resting and 

4288
03:53:12,600 --> 03:53:14,300
watching The Village settle into
evening. 

4289
03:53:15,200 --> 03:53:18,700
Children play in the narrow 
Lanes between houses, their 

4290
03:53:18,700 --> 03:53:20,700
games growing gentler as their 
energy, wanes. 

4291
03:53:20,700 --> 03:53:24,700
They chase each other at half 
speed laughing, but without the 

4292
03:53:24,700 --> 03:53:27,000
shrieks that characterize their 
earlier play. 

4293
03:53:27,600 --> 03:53:30,600
Some draw in the dust with 
sticks, creating temporary 

4294
03:53:30,600 --> 03:53:33,200
pictures that will be erased by 
tomorrow's foot traffic. 

4295
03:53:33,200 --> 03:53:38,100
Others sit in small groups 
talking and handling simple toys

4296
03:53:38,100 --> 03:53:40,800
made from Clay Wood or bundled 
reads. 

4297
03:53:41,700 --> 03:53:44,900
A neighbor passes by leading 
their donkey, back from the 

4298
03:53:44,900 --> 03:53:49,500
fields, the animal walks slowly 
its head bobbing with each step,

4299
03:53:49,500 --> 03:53:53,500
it's load has been removed, and 
it seems to understand that 

4300
03:53:53,500 --> 03:53:57,900
workers ended for the day. 
Your neighbor nods in greeting, 

4301
03:53:57,900 --> 03:54:00,900
but doesn't stop. 
Everyone is engaged in the same 

4302
03:54:00,900 --> 03:54:04,200
process of winding down an 
interrupting it with lengthy 

4303
03:54:04,200 --> 03:54:08,400
conversation feels wrong somehow
Smoke rises from cooking fires, 

4304
03:54:08,400 --> 03:54:11,800
throughout the village, creating
a haze that softens the air and 

4305
03:54:11,800 --> 03:54:15,400
Carries mixed sense of baking 
bread and cooking, stews. 

4306
03:54:16,100 --> 03:54:19,300
This communal cloud of smoke 
marks, the transition from work,

4307
03:54:19,300 --> 03:54:23,700
time to home time from public 
activity to private family life.

4308
03:54:24,600 --> 03:54:28,000
The smell is become so 
associated with evening that you

4309
03:54:28,008 --> 03:54:30,300
probably feel disoriented if it 
were absent. 

4310
03:54:31,100 --> 03:54:34,900
Hear someone singing in a nearby
house, a woman's voice, carrying

4311
03:54:34,900 --> 03:54:38,000
a familiar Melody. 
The song has words you've known 

4312
03:54:38,000 --> 03:54:41,700
since childhood versus about the
river and the Harvest and the 

4313
03:54:41,700 --> 03:54:45,100
Turning seasons. 
Other voices occasionally join 

4314
03:54:45,100 --> 03:54:47,800
in for a phrase or two before 
falling silent again. 

4315
03:54:48,500 --> 03:54:51,200
The music provides a soundtrack 
to the evening's activities 

4316
03:54:51,200 --> 03:54:54,400
without demanding active, 
listening or participation. 

4317
03:54:55,500 --> 03:54:58,200
If you older children gather 
around an elderly man, who's 

4318
03:54:58,200 --> 03:55:01,800
begun telling a story, he told 
this particular story many times

4319
03:55:01,800 --> 03:55:05,200
before and the children know 
most of it but they listen 

4320
03:55:05,200 --> 03:55:08,300
anyway. 
The story involves animals that 

4321
03:55:08,300 --> 03:55:12,800
can talk and a series of mishaps
that eventually resolve happily.

4322
03:55:14,100 --> 03:55:18,400
The old man's voice Rises and 
falls with practice timing. the 

4323
03:55:18,400 --> 03:55:20,800
children laugh at the funny 
parts, even though they know 

4324
03:55:20,800 --> 03:55:25,700
their coming, Inside your home, 
you like to simple oil, lamp as 

4325
03:55:25,700 --> 03:55:28,700
the natural light becomes 
insufficient for seeing clearly.

4326
03:55:30,300 --> 03:55:32,200
The lamp consists of a shallow 
dish. 

4327
03:55:32,200 --> 03:55:34,800
Containing oil with a twisted 
Wick of linen. 

4328
03:55:35,900 --> 03:55:39,100
The flame is small but provides 
enough light for basic tasks and

4329
03:55:39,100 --> 03:55:42,000
navigation. 
Most families have several of 

4330
03:55:42,000 --> 03:55:44,400
these lamps placed strategically
around their homes. 

4331
03:55:45,100 --> 03:55:48,200
The flickering, light creates 
moving Shadows that give the 

4332
03:55:48,200 --> 03:55:51,300
space a different character. 
Then it has during the day. 

4333
03:55:52,100 --> 03:55:55,500
Your youngest child comes to you
tired and ready for sleep 

4334
03:55:55,500 --> 03:55:58,400
earlier than the older children.
You pick her up. 

4335
03:55:59,100 --> 03:56:01,100
Feeling her weight settled 
against your chest. 

4336
03:56:02,000 --> 03:56:05,000
She has had a full day of 
playing helping with small tasks

4337
03:56:05,000 --> 03:56:06,700
and exploring her immediate 
world. 

4338
03:56:06,700 --> 03:56:12,000
Now her body demands rest, you 
carry her to the sleeping area, 

4339
03:56:12,000 --> 03:56:15,800
lay her on her mat and cover her
with a light piece of linen. 

4340
03:56:16,500 --> 03:56:18,200
She's asleep. 
Almost immediately. 

4341
03:56:18,200 --> 03:56:21,200
Her breathing deepening into the
rhythm of rest. 

4342
03:56:22,100 --> 03:56:25,800
Your wife finishes her mending 
and sets to decide she drinks. 

4343
03:56:25,800 --> 03:56:29,700
Some water then begins braiding 
her hair for Sleep, working it 

4344
03:56:29,700 --> 03:56:32,700
into a simple Platt that will 
keep it from tangling during the

4345
03:56:32,700 --> 03:56:35,100
night. 
You watch this familiar routine,

4346
03:56:35,100 --> 03:56:38,400
having seen it nearly every 
evening of your married life. 

4347
03:56:39,100 --> 03:56:42,700
The consistency of these small 
rituals create to sense of order

4348
03:56:42,700 --> 03:56:46,300
and predictability that feels 
comforting rather than boring. 

4349
03:56:47,300 --> 03:56:50,100
The older children of eventually
come inside surrendering to the 

4350
03:56:50,100 --> 03:56:52,100
growing darkness and their own 
fatigue. 

4351
03:56:53,100 --> 03:56:55,100
They don't need much 
encouragement to prepare for 

4352
03:56:55,100 --> 03:56:57,200
sleep. 
They moved to their sleeping 

4353
03:56:57,200 --> 03:56:59,300
mats. 
Arranging them in preferred 

4354
03:56:59,300 --> 03:57:01,700
positions. 
They might talk quietly among 

4355
03:57:01,700 --> 03:57:04,800
themselves for a few minutes, 
reviewing, the days of events or

4356
03:57:04,800 --> 03:57:06,400
making plans for tomorrow's 
play. 

4357
03:57:07,400 --> 03:57:10,600
The voices grow softer and less 
frequent as sleep overtakes 

4358
03:57:10,600 --> 03:57:13,100
them. 
You step outside one more time, 

4359
03:57:13,100 --> 03:57:16,400
checking the sky. 
Stars are beginning to appear. 

4360
03:57:17,200 --> 03:57:20,300
Faint at first, but gradually 
becoming more visible as the 

4361
03:57:20,300 --> 03:57:23,100
last daylight fades. 
The air has cooled 

4362
03:57:23,100 --> 03:57:26,300
significantly. 
You can hear the rivers constant

4363
03:57:26,300 --> 03:57:29,400
sound more clearly. 
Now, the daytime activity has 

4364
03:57:29,400 --> 03:57:34,000
ceased A dog bark somewhere in 
the village, it sound carrying 

4365
03:57:34,000 --> 03:57:38,200
clearly in the quiet. 
Another dog answers briefly then

4366
03:57:38,200 --> 03:57:41,900
silence returns. 
The fire outside has reduced to 

4367
03:57:41,908 --> 03:57:45,800
a few glowing coals you decide 
whether to bank it for the night

4368
03:57:45,800 --> 03:57:48,800
or let it die. 
Completely. if you bank it, you 

4369
03:57:48,800 --> 03:57:52,000
cover the coals with Ash to 
preserves some heat and makes 

4370
03:57:52,000 --> 03:57:53,500
morning. 
Fire Starting easier. 

4371
03:57:53,500 --> 03:57:57,700
If you let it die, you'll need 
to start fresh tomorrow, but 

4372
03:57:57,700 --> 03:57:59,800
that's not difficult. 
When you have experienced and 

4373
03:57:59,800 --> 03:58:03,400
proper materials, you return in 
sight and secure the door by 

4374
03:58:03,400 --> 03:58:05,200
placing a piece of wood across 
the opening. 

4375
03:58:05,200 --> 03:58:09,700
This provides minimal security 
but the village is safe and 

4376
03:58:09,700 --> 03:58:12,900
theft is rare. 
The door mainly keeps out 

4377
03:58:12,900 --> 03:58:16,200
animals and provides privacy 
rather than functioning a 

4378
03:58:16,200 --> 03:58:19,700
serious protection. you check 
that all family members are 

4379
03:58:19,700 --> 03:58:22,700
present and accounted for a 
quick mental inventory that 

4380
03:58:22,700 --> 03:58:27,600
brings reassurance The oil lamps
burn quietly their Flames. 

4381
03:58:27,600 --> 03:58:32,000
Barely moving you leave one lamp
lit but reduces Wick to conserve

4382
03:58:32,000 --> 03:58:34,800
oil. 
The small flame provides just 

4383
03:58:34,800 --> 03:58:37,300
enough light to navigate if 
someone needs to get up during 

4384
03:58:37,300 --> 03:58:39,700
the night. 
But not so much that it disturbs

4385
03:58:39,700 --> 03:58:42,400
sleep. 
Shadows in the room become 

4386
03:58:42,400 --> 03:58:46,300
deeper creating a cocoon like 
atmosphere that encourages rest.

4387
03:58:47,300 --> 03:58:50,500
You lie down on your own 
sleeping mat, feeling the days 

4388
03:58:50,500 --> 03:58:52,900
accumulated, fatigue in your 
muscles, and joints. 

4389
03:58:53,800 --> 03:58:56,900
The matters isn't thick or 
particularly soft, but you're 

4390
03:58:56,900 --> 03:58:59,900
accustomed to it. 
Your body relaxes into the 

4391
03:58:59,900 --> 03:59:04,200
familiar surface, your wife lies
nearby close enough to touch if 

4392
03:59:04,200 --> 03:59:07,500
either of you reaches out. 
The children quiet breathing 

4393
03:59:07,500 --> 03:59:10,700
creates a subtle rhythm. 
In the darkness tomorrow will 

4394
03:59:10,700 --> 03:59:13,900
bring similar tasks similar 
rhythms and similar challenges. 

4395
03:59:15,000 --> 03:59:16,400
But that thought doesn't trouble
you. 

4396
03:59:16,400 --> 03:59:20,300
The consistency means, you know 
what, to expect know. 

4397
03:59:20,300 --> 03:59:24,200
You can handle it and know, your
family will be fed and safe and 

4398
03:59:24,200 --> 03:59:27,100
together. 
These certain Keys allow you to 

4399
03:59:27,108 --> 03:59:31,000
let go of the day without worry 
to sink into sleep without your 

4400
03:59:31,000 --> 03:59:33,700
mind churning through, anxiety 
or concerns. 

4401
03:59:34,600 --> 03:59:38,200
The lamp flame Waverly, as air 
moves through the room, the 

4402
03:59:38,200 --> 03:59:42,000
night settles fully over the 
village, all the preparation, 

4403
03:59:42,000 --> 03:59:45,200
all the work, and all the 
cooperation, that sustained this

4404
03:59:45,200 --> 03:59:47,100
day of brought you to this point
of rest. 

4405
03:59:47,900 --> 03:59:51,200
You Close Your Eyes feeling 
sleep approach, like a gentle 

4406
03:59:51,200 --> 03:59:54,000
tide. 
You awaken darkness when your 

4407
03:59:54,000 --> 03:59:58,500
infant daughter begins to fuss. 
The sound starts quietly, just 

4408
03:59:58,500 --> 04:00:02,200
small noises that signal 
discomfort or hunger rather than

4409
04:00:02,200 --> 04:00:06,100
true distress your alert 
immediately but not alarmed. 

4410
04:00:06,700 --> 04:00:10,200
Nighttime waking is normal 
expected, and part of the 

4411
04:00:10,200 --> 04:00:12,000
natural rhythm of caring for 
young children. 

4412
04:00:12,900 --> 04:00:15,400
You've done this many times 
before with your older children 

4413
04:00:15,400 --> 04:00:19,100
and you'll do it many times more
before the child grows past the 

4414
04:00:19,100 --> 04:00:22,900
need for night feeding. 
You reach for the baby lifting, 

4415
04:00:22,900 --> 04:00:25,900
her gently. 
Her body feels warm and slightly

4416
04:00:25,900 --> 04:00:28,000
damp from sleeping in the 
night's warmth. 

4417
04:00:28,700 --> 04:00:30,500
You settle her against you in 
the position. 

4418
04:00:30,500 --> 04:00:34,600
That works best for nursing. 
Supporting her head and body, 

4419
04:00:34,600 --> 04:00:39,100
with practiced ease. 
She latches quickly her suckling

4420
04:00:39,100 --> 04:00:42,200
creating a small rhythmic sound 
in the quiet house. 

4421
04:00:43,300 --> 04:00:46,500
You lean back against the wall 
comfortable enough for the 

4422
04:00:46,500 --> 04:00:49,900
duration of the feeding. 
The rest of the house remains 

4423
04:00:49,900 --> 04:00:52,800
mostly asleep. 
Your husband has stirred 

4424
04:00:52,800 --> 04:00:56,200
slightly but not fully awakened.
The older children, haven't 

4425
04:00:56,200 --> 04:00:59,100
moved. 
This kind of night, waking 

4426
04:00:59,100 --> 04:01:02,300
rarely disturbs. 
The whole household, everyone 

4427
04:01:02,300 --> 04:01:03,800
has learned to sleep through the
Quiet. 

4428
04:01:03,800 --> 04:01:07,100
Sounds of infant care waking 
only, if something seems 

4429
04:01:07,100 --> 04:01:10,600
genuinely wrong. 
The remaining oil lamp cost, 

4430
04:01:10,600 --> 04:01:14,100
barely any light just to dim 
glow that allows you to see 

4431
04:01:14,100 --> 04:01:17,600
shapes and movement without 
fully Illuminating the space. 

4432
04:01:18,700 --> 04:01:20,600
Your eyes have adjusted to the 
darkness. 

4433
04:01:20,600 --> 04:01:24,100
Well enough that this minimal 
light feels sufficient, you 

4434
04:01:24,100 --> 04:01:27,700
don't need to see clearly to 
care for your baby, Your Hands 

4435
04:01:27,700 --> 04:01:30,500
and Body know what to do with 
without guidance from your eyes.

4436
04:01:32,100 --> 04:01:36,100
The baby nurse is deadly. 
A small hands resting against 

4437
04:01:36,100 --> 04:01:39,600
your chest. you feel her 
gradually relaxing, as her 

4438
04:01:39,600 --> 04:01:43,800
hunger eases These nighttime 
feedings create moments of quiet

4439
04:01:43,800 --> 04:01:47,400
connection, just you and this 
child, in the peaceful Darkness.

4440
04:01:48,800 --> 04:01:51,800
during the day of the demands 
constantly interrupt, your 

4441
04:01:51,800 --> 04:01:55,100
attention at night, there's 
nothing else, requiring your 

4442
04:01:55,100 --> 04:01:59,000
focus, you can simply be present
with her without thinking about 

4443
04:01:59,000 --> 04:02:02,500
the dozen of the tasks that 
usually occupy your mind when 

4444
04:02:02,500 --> 04:02:04,900
she finishes and nursing you 
hold her, upright briefly 

4445
04:02:04,900 --> 04:02:09,600
gently, patting her back and she
burps Then you lay her back down

4446
04:02:09,600 --> 04:02:12,600
on her mat covering her again 
with the light cloth. 

4447
04:02:13,500 --> 04:02:17,200
He settles immediately her body 
going limp with satisfied 

4448
04:02:17,200 --> 04:02:20,100
sleepiness. 
You remain sitting for a moment 

4449
04:02:20,108 --> 04:02:24,200
making sure she's truly settled 
before you lie down yourself. 

4450
04:02:25,000 --> 04:02:27,700
An older child wakes needing to 
relieve himself. 

4451
04:02:28,500 --> 04:02:31,600
He sits up quietly then makes 
his way to the doorway. 

4452
04:02:33,100 --> 04:02:36,100
The family keeps a simple Pot 
near the entrance for nighttime 

4453
04:02:36,100 --> 04:02:39,100
use avoiding the need to go 
outside and darkness. 

4454
04:02:40,100 --> 04:02:43,300
The child uses it without 
difficulty then returns to his 

4455
04:02:43,300 --> 04:02:46,600
sleeping mat. 
The whole process happens almost

4456
04:02:46,600 --> 04:02:51,500
silently disturbing no one. 
By the time the child lies back 

4457
04:02:51,500 --> 04:02:53,200
down. 
He's already falling back into 

4458
04:02:53,200 --> 04:02:55,300
sleep. 
You hear someone in a 

4459
04:02:55,308 --> 04:02:58,700
neighboring house moving around 
probably dealing with their own 

4460
04:02:58,700 --> 04:03:03,000
child's nighttime needs. 
The Sounds carry easily through 

4461
04:03:03,000 --> 04:03:06,700
the thin walls and in the still 
night, are you find these sounds

4462
04:03:06,700 --> 04:03:08,900
companionable rather than 
intrusive? 

4463
04:03:09,900 --> 04:03:12,200
Their remind you that other 
families are managing the same 

4464
04:03:12,200 --> 04:03:15,600
night time routines that your 
experience is a shared and 

4465
04:03:15,600 --> 04:03:17,700
normal rather than unique or 
difficult. 

4466
04:03:18,500 --> 04:03:20,300
Sometimes a child has a bad 
dream. 

4467
04:03:21,400 --> 04:03:25,100
One of your sons whimpers. 
In his sleep, his body twitching

4468
04:03:25,100 --> 04:03:27,200
slightly. 
You moved to him. 

4469
04:03:27,200 --> 04:03:30,200
Quickly, placing a gentle hand 
on his shoulder. 

4470
04:03:31,100 --> 04:03:35,800
He wakes briefly disoriented and
upset, you speak. 

4471
04:03:35,800 --> 04:03:40,600
Softly reassuring him, that he's
safe, that it was only a dream 

4472
04:03:40,600 --> 04:03:42,700
and that nothing bad is 
happening. 

4473
04:03:44,000 --> 04:03:48,000
He calms within moments his fear
dissipating as Consciousness 

4474
04:03:48,000 --> 04:03:51,600
returns and he recognizes his 
familiar surroundings. 

4475
04:03:52,300 --> 04:03:55,800
He lies back down and you stay 
beside him briefly until his 

4476
04:03:55,800 --> 04:03:59,300
breathing deepens again. 
The night is never completely 

4477
04:03:59,300 --> 04:04:02,200
silent. 
The river provides constant, 

4478
04:04:02,200 --> 04:04:05,200
background sound. 
Occasionally, an animal makes 

4479
04:04:05,200 --> 04:04:10,000
noise outside a donkey shifting 
position or a dog investigating 

4480
04:04:10,000 --> 04:04:12,600
something. 
These sounds don't alarm. 

4481
04:04:12,600 --> 04:04:16,100
You are part of the normal 
nighttime, soundscape, familiar 

4482
04:04:16,100 --> 04:04:19,300
and expected. 
True silence would actually feel

4483
04:04:19,300 --> 04:04:23,900
strange, perhaps, even worrying.
If a child becomes ill during 

4484
04:04:23,900 --> 04:04:27,400
the night, you respond calmly. 
You check for Fever by touching 

4485
04:04:27,400 --> 04:04:31,300
their forehead off a water if 
they're thirsty and clean up any

4486
04:04:31,300 --> 04:04:33,100
mess if they've been sick to 
their stomach. 

4487
04:04:33,900 --> 04:04:37,400
You know, which mild herbs can 
help with common problems, you 

4488
04:04:37,400 --> 04:04:39,200
keep some prepared for easy 
access. 

4489
04:04:40,300 --> 04:04:43,300
Most childhood illnesses pass 
quickly without needing anything

4490
04:04:43,300 --> 04:04:45,300
more than comfort and basic 
care. 

4491
04:04:46,300 --> 04:04:49,000
You stay close to a sick child 
throughout the night of 

4492
04:04:49,000 --> 04:04:51,500
necessary. 
Sleeping lightly. 

4493
04:04:51,500 --> 04:04:53,200
So you can respond to their 
needs. 

4494
04:04:54,100 --> 04:04:56,100
Your own sleep. 
During these years of young 

4495
04:04:56,100 --> 04:05:00,000
children is rarely Unbroken. 
You've adjusted to this pattern 

4496
04:05:00,000 --> 04:05:03,800
learning to fall back asleep, 
quickly after attending to a 

4497
04:05:03,800 --> 04:05:07,400
child's needs. 
Deep sleep, still happens just 

4498
04:05:07,400 --> 04:05:09,700
in shorter periods between 
waking Kings. 

4499
04:05:09,700 --> 04:05:13,800
Your body has a gaped to this 
Rhythm taking rest where it can 

4500
04:05:13,800 --> 04:05:17,000
find it, rather than demanding 
eight uninterrupted hours. 

4501
04:05:18,000 --> 04:05:21,100
Older children and adults might 
wake to step outside briefly 

4502
04:05:21,100 --> 04:05:24,500
preferring to walk a short 
distance from the house rather 

4503
04:05:24,500 --> 04:05:27,000
than use the indoor pot. 
The night. 

4504
04:05:27,000 --> 04:05:31,100
Air feels cool and fresh. 
Stars fill the sky with more 

4505
04:05:31,100 --> 04:05:34,600
brightness than seems possible. 
During the day, you noticed the 

4506
04:05:34,600 --> 04:05:37,900
Moon's phase without thinking 
about it the same way, you 

4507
04:05:37,900 --> 04:05:39,800
notice the rivers level or the 
season. 

4508
04:05:40,800 --> 04:05:43,600
This information becomes part of
your general, awareness of the 

4509
04:05:43,600 --> 04:05:46,300
world's Cycle's. 
Occasionally someone has 

4510
04:05:46,300 --> 04:05:50,300
difficulty sleeping lying awake 
while their mind churns through 

4511
04:05:50,308 --> 04:05:53,700
worries or plans. 
When this happens, you don't 

4512
04:05:53,700 --> 04:05:57,300
fight it. 
You simply lie, quietly, resting

4513
04:05:57,300 --> 04:06:01,200
your body, even if your mind 
won't settle, sometimes you step

4514
04:06:01,200 --> 04:06:04,600
outside and sit for a while, 
looking at the stars and 

4515
04:06:04,600 --> 04:06:08,200
listening to the night. 
Sounds Cool air and change of 

4516
04:06:08,200 --> 04:06:10,200
position, often help sleep 
return. 

4517
04:06:10,200 --> 04:06:13,800
If not, you remain calm, knowing
tomorrow's work will happen 

4518
04:06:13,800 --> 04:06:17,700
regardless of whether you slept 
perfectly tonight, The period 

4519
04:06:17,700 --> 04:06:20,000
before Dawn, brings the deepest 
sleep of the night. 

4520
04:06:20,800 --> 04:06:23,400
After whatever middle of the 
night, waking of occurred. 

4521
04:06:23,400 --> 04:06:27,000
Everyone tends to sink into 
heavy arrest during these hours.

4522
04:06:27,000 --> 04:06:31,700
The house becomes a very still, 
even the baby sleeps soundly her

4523
04:06:31,700 --> 04:06:34,700
small body finally satisfied 
with milk and rest. 

4524
04:06:35,600 --> 04:06:39,400
This is the time when you truly 
rest when your body repairs 

4525
04:06:39,400 --> 04:06:42,400
itself from the previous day's 
work and prepares for the next 

4526
04:06:42,400 --> 04:06:45,100
day's demands. 
You wake gradually. 

4527
04:06:45,100 --> 04:06:47,400
As first light begins to 
penetrate the darkness. 

4528
04:06:47,400 --> 04:06:52,300
You don't rise immediately 
instead you like quietly, 

4529
04:06:52,300 --> 04:06:56,100
noticing your body's transition 
from sleep to wakefulness. 

4530
04:06:56,100 --> 04:07:00,100
Your mind becomes aware before 
your body wants to move. 

4531
04:07:01,200 --> 04:07:05,000
You hear the first Morning 
Sounds beginning outside Birds 

4532
04:07:05,000 --> 04:07:08,300
calling someone else starting 
their fire and the village 

4533
04:07:08,300 --> 04:07:11,900
beginning its daily return to 
activity the baby wakes and 

4534
04:07:11,900 --> 04:07:15,500
needs feeding again. 
You nurse her while still lying 

4535
04:07:15,500 --> 04:07:17,300
down both of you drowsy and 
comfortable. 

4536
04:07:18,200 --> 04:07:21,000
The older children begin to stir
their movements, becoming less 

4537
04:07:21,000 --> 04:07:24,700
still as Consciousness. 
Returns your husband, sits up 

4538
04:07:24,700 --> 04:07:26,600
stretching and preparing to face
the day. 

4539
04:07:27,300 --> 04:07:30,600
The night has done its work, 
providing rest and renewal. 

4540
04:07:31,500 --> 04:07:34,500
Now mourning arrives again 
bringing with it, the familiar 

4541
04:07:34,500 --> 04:07:37,500
cycle of tusks and structure 
your life. 

4542
04:07:38,300 --> 04:07:40,600
The routines, you follow each 
day are the same routines, your 

4543
04:07:40,600 --> 04:07:43,800
parents followed and their 
parents before them reaching 

4544
04:07:43,800 --> 04:07:46,600
back through more Generations 
than anyone can count. 

4545
04:07:47,600 --> 04:07:52,300
The methods for grinding grain 
Building Homes, weaving, baskets

4546
04:07:52,300 --> 04:07:54,500
and catching fish. 
Have changed little over 

4547
04:07:54,500 --> 04:07:58,000
centuries. 
This continuity creates a deep 

4548
04:07:58,000 --> 04:08:01,700
stability that allows life to 
proceed without constant, 

4549
04:08:01,700 --> 04:08:05,200
reinvention or adaptation to 
dramatic change. 

4550
04:08:06,300 --> 04:08:09,200
You inhabit a world where 
knowledge accumulates gradually,

4551
04:08:09,200 --> 04:08:12,600
and then plateaus, your 
grandparents knew, essentially 

4552
04:08:12,600 --> 04:08:14,900
everything you need to know to 
sustain your life. 

4553
04:08:14,900 --> 04:08:18,800
They taught your parents, who 
taught, you, and you're now 

4554
04:08:18,800 --> 04:08:22,600
teaching your children. 
The substance of this teaching 

4555
04:08:22,600 --> 04:08:26,400
remains constant. 
How to read the river's moods 

4556
04:08:26,400 --> 04:08:30,300
when to plant and harvest which 
materials work best for 

4557
04:08:30,300 --> 04:08:33,800
different purposes, how to 
maintain tools and structures 

4558
04:08:33,800 --> 04:08:37,200
and how to live cooperatively 
within a closed community. 

4559
04:08:38,400 --> 04:08:42,000
The gods exist in your awareness
and occasionally receive 

4560
04:08:42,000 --> 04:08:46,000
offerings or acknowledgment, but
they don't dominate daily life. 

4561
04:08:46,000 --> 04:08:49,600
You're not particularly 
religious in any intense sense. 

4562
04:08:49,600 --> 04:08:54,000
The Divine feels distant 
concerned with large matters, 

4563
04:08:54,000 --> 04:08:55,800
beyond your immediate 
experience. 

4564
04:08:56,700 --> 04:09:02,100
Your practical concerns Center 
on crops, family, neighbors, and

4565
04:09:02,100 --> 04:09:04,100
the steady progression of 
seasons. 

4566
04:09:05,000 --> 04:09:08,400
The massive temples and 
elaborate rituals belong to a 

4567
04:09:08,400 --> 04:09:11,100
different world than the one you
inhabit most directly. 

4568
04:09:12,100 --> 04:09:15,400
Similarly, the fairer rules in 
theory, but affects your daily 

4569
04:09:15,400 --> 04:09:18,500
life minimally. 
You're aware of his existence, 

4570
04:09:18,500 --> 04:09:22,000
you know, your village exists 
within a larger political 

4571
04:09:22,000 --> 04:09:24,400
structure. 
Occasionally officials pass 

4572
04:09:24,400 --> 04:09:27,100
through collecting taxes or 
organizing labor for large 

4573
04:09:27,100 --> 04:09:30,300
projects, but these intrusions 
are in frequent. 

4574
04:09:31,100 --> 04:09:34,200
Most days you live without 
thinking about Royal Authority 

4575
04:09:34,200 --> 04:09:37,500
or national politics. 
Your immediate World consists of

4576
04:09:37,508 --> 04:09:40,700
people, you know, personally and
work, you understand completely.

4577
04:09:41,700 --> 04:09:44,500
This narrow scope might seem 
limiting but you don't 

4578
04:09:44,500 --> 04:09:47,600
experience it as confinement. 
You have everything. 

4579
04:09:47,600 --> 04:09:54,200
Necessary for Life food shelter,
family, community and purpose. 

4580
04:09:54,200 --> 04:09:57,800
The lack of variety doesn't 
trouble you because you've never

4581
04:09:57,800 --> 04:10:01,100
experienced anything different. 
The life you're living is the 

4582
04:10:01,100 --> 04:10:03,100
life. 
Everyone has always lived in 

4583
04:10:03,100 --> 04:10:05,800
this place. 
It feels complete rather than 

4584
04:10:05,800 --> 04:10:08,900
restricted. 
The Nile provides the foundation

4585
04:10:08,900 --> 04:10:13,100
for everything, its annual flood
brings the silt, that enriches 

4586
04:10:13,100 --> 04:10:18,400
your Fields, its water, sustains
crops livestock and people, it's

4587
04:10:18,400 --> 04:10:22,300
fish supplement your diet. 
It's reads, provide building 

4588
04:10:22,300 --> 04:10:25,200
materials. 
It's predictable cycle gives 

4589
04:10:25,200 --> 04:10:28,700
structure to your year and your 
planning, the rivers presents is

4590
04:10:28,700 --> 04:10:31,700
so constant that you'd struggle 
to imagine life without it. 

4591
04:10:32,500 --> 04:10:35,300
Some of your ancestors, long 
ago, must have migrated to this 

4592
04:10:35,300 --> 04:10:37,600
Valley but that history has been
forgotten. 

4593
04:10:37,600 --> 04:10:42,100
Now, you simply belong here part
of a landscape shaped by the 

4594
04:10:42,100 --> 04:10:45,600
rivers rhythms. your village 
continues because each 

4595
04:10:45,600 --> 04:10:49,900
generation successfully raises 
the next Children grow into 

4596
04:10:49,900 --> 04:10:52,100
adults, who take over their 
parents roles. 

4597
04:10:52,100 --> 04:10:56,300
Young people marry combining 
families and creating new 

4598
04:10:56,300 --> 04:11:00,200
households that resemble. 
Their parents households the 

4599
04:11:00,200 --> 04:11:04,500
cycle repeats endlessly each 
iteration almost identical to 

4600
04:11:04,500 --> 04:11:08,300
the previous one. 
This repetition creates profound

4601
04:11:08,300 --> 04:11:12,000
stability, but also means 
individual lives blend together 

4602
04:11:12,000 --> 04:11:15,900
becoming variations on the same 
essential pattern rather than 

4603
04:11:15,900 --> 04:11:19,400
unique stories. 
You're aware of other Villages 

4604
04:11:19,400 --> 04:11:21,800
along the river, some nearby, 
and some distant. 

4605
04:11:22,700 --> 04:11:25,800
Occasionally people travel 
between communities for trade or

4606
04:11:25,800 --> 04:11:29,100
marriage news filters through 
these connections though. 

4607
04:11:29,100 --> 04:11:32,700
Slowly you might hear about a 
particularly good harvest in a 

4608
04:11:32,700 --> 04:11:36,100
village, two days walk away or 
learn that a skilled crafts. 

4609
04:11:36,100 --> 04:11:37,800
Person has moved to a different 
area. 

4610
04:11:38,800 --> 04:11:41,300
That these distant events, 
rarely affect you directly. 

4611
04:11:42,200 --> 04:11:46,000
Your world remains primarily 
local focused on the people and 

4612
04:11:46,000 --> 04:11:50,200
places you encounter regularly. 
The work, you do sustains life 

4613
04:11:50,200 --> 04:11:52,100
but doesn't dramatically, 
improve it. 

4614
04:11:52,800 --> 04:11:55,400
Each generation lives 
approximately as well as the 

4615
04:11:55,400 --> 04:11:58,600
previous generation. 
Better weather might bring 

4616
04:11:58,600 --> 04:12:00,800
better crops in one year and 
worse. 

4617
04:12:00,800 --> 04:12:04,500
Weather might bring hardship in 
another but over time things 

4618
04:12:04,500 --> 04:12:08,800
balance out to a consistent 
level of modest, efficiency, you

4619
04:12:08,800 --> 04:12:12,400
have enough, which feels like 
the right amount rather than too

4620
04:12:12,400 --> 04:12:15,400
little The concept of having 
much more than enough doesn't 

4621
04:12:15,400 --> 04:12:19,100
really enter your thinking death
comes periodically to the 

4622
04:12:19,100 --> 04:12:23,000
Village sometimes to the old 
sometimes to the young and 

4623
04:12:23,000 --> 04:12:26,600
sometimes to people in their 
productive years you accept this

4624
04:12:26,600 --> 04:12:29,900
as inevitable rather than 
fighting against it or demanding

4625
04:12:29,900 --> 04:12:33,600
explanations when someone dies 
their family Mourns the 

4626
04:12:33,600 --> 04:12:36,800
community helps with burial 
preparations and life continues.

4627
04:12:37,600 --> 04:12:40,000
The dead person's role gets 
filled by someone else. 

4628
04:12:40,000 --> 04:12:42,800
Usually a family member, the 
Gap. 

4629
04:12:42,800 --> 04:12:45,800
They leave closest quickly out 
of practical necessity. 

4630
04:12:46,600 --> 04:12:50,200
Memory persists for a while, 
then Fades as new births and 

4631
04:12:50,200 --> 04:12:52,800
deaths. 
Create fresh memories, your own 

4632
04:12:52,808 --> 04:12:56,000
individual significance. 
Feel small but not depressing 

4633
04:12:56,000 --> 04:13:00,500
your part of something larger 
than yourself, your family, your

4634
04:13:00,500 --> 04:13:03,900
village, the long chain of 
ancestors, who lived before you 

4635
04:13:03,900 --> 04:13:06,400
and descendants who will live 
off to you. 

4636
04:13:07,300 --> 04:13:10,300
This larger context gives 
meaning to your daily work. 

4637
04:13:10,300 --> 04:13:13,900
Even when that works seems 
repetitive or mundane your 

4638
04:13:13,900 --> 04:13:17,300
maintaining something important,
keeping the pattern going and 

4639
04:13:17,300 --> 04:13:19,600
ensuring that life continues in 
the way, it should. 

4640
04:13:20,700 --> 04:13:23,600
The physical landscape around. 
You Bears, the marks of human 

4641
04:13:23,600 --> 04:13:27,400
activity going back, many 
lifetimes, the fields. 

4642
04:13:27,400 --> 04:13:30,200
You work were cleared and shaped
by your ancestors. 

4643
04:13:30,200 --> 04:13:33,900
The paths you walk have been 
worn, Smooth by countless feet 

4644
04:13:34,600 --> 04:13:37,600
The irrigation channels follow 
routes established so long ago, 

4645
04:13:37,600 --> 04:13:39,400
that no one remembers their 
creation. 

4646
04:13:40,200 --> 04:13:43,100
Your inhabiting and maintaining 
a landscape, created by 

4647
04:13:43,100 --> 04:13:45,400
cumulative human effort over 
centuries. 

4648
04:13:46,200 --> 04:13:48,100
Stories. 
Circulating The Village about 

4649
04:13:48,100 --> 04:13:50,600
the old days, though. 
These stories of become more 

4650
04:13:50,600 --> 04:13:54,200
myth and history. 
People speak of ancestors who 

4651
04:13:54,200 --> 04:13:56,600
were unusually wise, strong or 
skilled? 

4652
04:13:56,600 --> 04:14:00,200
They mention events. 
That happened long ago, though. 

4653
04:14:00,200 --> 04:14:03,900
The details of grown vague, 
These stories, create a sense of

4654
04:14:03,908 --> 04:14:07,600
Connection to the Past without 
providing precise historical 

4655
04:14:07,600 --> 04:14:10,300
knowledge. 
They suggest that people of 

4656
04:14:10,300 --> 04:14:13,100
always lived. 
Roughly as you live now facing 

4657
04:14:13,100 --> 04:14:16,100
similar challenges and finding 
similar Solutions. 

4658
04:14:17,200 --> 04:14:19,300
Future feels like it will 
resemble the past. 

4659
04:14:19,300 --> 04:14:22,900
You expect your children to live
much as you've lived your 

4660
04:14:22,900 --> 04:14:25,200
grandchildren to repeat the same
patterns. 

4661
04:14:25,900 --> 04:14:29,000
Change happens. 
But slowly enough that it's 

4662
04:14:29,000 --> 04:14:32,700
barely perceptible within a 
single lifetime, a tool design 

4663
04:14:32,700 --> 04:14:36,500
might improve slightly. 
A crop variety might prove more 

4664
04:14:36,500 --> 04:14:39,200
productive. 
Building techniques might evolve

4665
04:14:39,200 --> 04:14:42,000
gradually. 
But the fundamental shape of 

4666
04:14:42,008 --> 04:14:45,700
Life remains constant. 
This stability, allows you to 

4667
04:14:45,708 --> 04:14:49,600
face each day without anxiety 
about what it might bring, you 

4668
04:14:49,600 --> 04:14:51,900
know, what needs doing, you 
know, how to do it. 

4669
04:14:51,900 --> 04:14:55,600
You know, others will help when 
necessary you trust that the 

4670
04:14:55,600 --> 04:15:00,100
river will flood crops will 
grow, children will be born and 

4671
04:15:00,100 --> 04:15:04,500
life will continue. 
This trust isn't Blind Faith but

4672
04:15:04,500 --> 04:15:08,900
accumulated experience verified 
by generations of consistent 

4673
04:15:08,900 --> 04:15:11,800
patterns. 
As evening approaches and you 

4674
04:15:11,800 --> 04:15:14,700
prepare for sleep. 
Once again, you feel the day 

4675
04:15:14,700 --> 04:15:17,600
folding into the endless 
sequence of similar days, that 

4676
04:15:17,600 --> 04:15:20,100
stretches behind you and a head 
of you. 

4677
04:15:21,000 --> 04:15:24,200
Tomorrow will bring the same 
basic tasks with minor 

4678
04:15:24,200 --> 04:15:27,200
variations. 
The season will progress 

4679
04:15:27,200 --> 04:15:29,200
according to its established 
pattern. 

4680
04:15:29,200 --> 04:15:33,200
Your children will grow 
incrementally older, The Village

4681
04:15:33,200 --> 04:15:35,900
will continue functioning 
through the combined small 

4682
04:15:35,900 --> 04:15:39,300
efforts of all its members, you 
settle onto your sleeping mat, 

4683
04:15:39,300 --> 04:15:43,200
your body tired from work. 
But satisfied by accomplishment.

4684
04:15:44,100 --> 04:15:46,900
The day has been neither 
exceptional, nor disappointing, 

4685
04:15:46,900 --> 04:15:49,700
just normal in the best sense of
the word. 

4686
04:15:50,400 --> 04:15:53,300
You've done what needed doing 
maintained what needed 

4687
04:15:53,300 --> 04:15:56,600
maintaining and cared for those 
who needed care. 

4688
04:15:57,400 --> 04:16:00,300
This is enough. 
This has always been enough. 

4689
04:16:00,300 --> 04:16:03,800
This will continue to be enough 
for as long as anyone can 

4690
04:16:03,800 --> 04:16:07,000
imagine. 
The darkness deepens around you,

4691
04:16:07,000 --> 04:16:12,500
the village grows quiet, the 
river flows on as it is always 

4692
04:16:12,500 --> 04:16:16,200
flowed. 
Your breathing slows and deepens

4693
04:16:16,200 --> 04:16:20,000
sleep comes easily naturally 
without resistance. 

4694
04:16:20,800 --> 04:16:24,900
To tomorrow, Waits patient, and 
predictable ready to unfold in 

4695
04:16:24,900 --> 04:16:28,000
ways, that require no 
explanation, because they've 

4696
04:16:28,000 --> 04:16:31,800
been repeated countless times 
before you rest in the knowledge

4697
04:16:31,800 --> 04:16:34,500
that you're part of something 
stable, something ongoing 

4698
04:16:34,500 --> 04:16:42,500
something that works. 
You're settling into a story 

4699
04:16:42,500 --> 04:16:45,600
from thousands of years ago when
people first began to stay in 

4700
04:16:45,608 --> 04:16:48,600
one place long enough to plant 
seeds and store grain. 

4701
04:16:49,500 --> 04:16:53,000
In those early Villages, warmth 
and shelter, Drew not only 

4702
04:16:53,000 --> 04:16:56,700
people together but also small 
animals who noticed the steady 

4703
04:16:56,700 --> 04:16:59,300
routines and learned that 
nearness could mean safety. 

4704
04:17:00,500 --> 04:17:04,500
This is the story of how cats 
made that choice quietly and on 

4705
04:17:04,500 --> 04:17:08,100
their own terms. 
He awakened a settlement built 

4706
04:17:08,100 --> 04:17:11,400
along a river valley where the 
soil holds water and the sun 

4707
04:17:11,400 --> 04:17:15,700
warms clay Walls by mid-morning.
The S smells of dust and dry 

4708
04:17:15,700 --> 04:17:18,000
grass. 
People move through, familiar 

4709
04:17:18,000 --> 04:17:22,000
patterns carrying baskets of 
barley, sweeping dirt, floors 

4710
04:17:22,000 --> 04:17:25,300
and stacking bundles of reads 
against low stone walls. 

4711
04:17:26,000 --> 04:17:29,300
Everything happens slowly shaped
by heat and habit. 

4712
04:17:30,000 --> 04:17:34,700
Grain Stores sit in ceramic jars
with flat Lids stacked in shaded

4713
04:17:34,700 --> 04:17:38,300
corners of Courtyards the jars. 
Hold enough to last through 

4714
04:17:38,300 --> 04:17:40,800
Seasons when nothing grows 
people. 

4715
04:17:40,800 --> 04:17:44,600
Check them daily brushing away, 
insects and tilting the lids to 

4716
04:17:44,600 --> 04:17:48,200
peer inside the grain shifts 
with a soft whisper when 

4717
04:17:48,200 --> 04:17:52,800
Disturbed mice noticed. 
This abundance, they arrive in 

4718
04:17:52,800 --> 04:17:56,300
the cool hours before Dawn 
slipping through gaps in woven 

4719
04:17:56,300 --> 04:18:00,900
fence's following the center of 
Sword seeds, cats noticed the 

4720
04:18:00,900 --> 04:18:03,300
mice. 
They move into the edges of the 

4721
04:18:03,300 --> 04:18:06,400
settlement without ceremony. 
Stepping lightly along the 

4722
04:18:06,400 --> 04:18:08,600
perimeter where walls meet open 
ground. 

4723
04:18:09,700 --> 04:18:13,600
They do not announce themselves,
they find places to rest in the 

4724
04:18:13,600 --> 04:18:18,000
shade of overhangs behind stacks
of clay bricks and under benches

4725
04:18:18,000 --> 04:18:19,400
where the ground stays. 
Cool. 

4726
04:18:20,200 --> 04:18:23,300
They watched the movement of 
people and animals, with calm, 

4727
04:18:23,300 --> 04:18:25,400
attention, learning, the rhythm 
of the day. 

4728
04:18:26,800 --> 04:18:28,900
Mornings. 
Begin with the scrape of wooden 

4729
04:18:28,900 --> 04:18:31,800
tools against Stone. 
The rustle of baskets being 

4730
04:18:31,800 --> 04:18:35,300
filled and the low hum of 
voices, discussing tasks. 

4731
04:18:36,300 --> 04:18:40,100
People work steadily pausing to 
drink water from shallow bowls 

4732
04:18:40,100 --> 04:18:42,400
wiping. 
Sweat from their foreheads. 

4733
04:18:42,400 --> 04:18:45,300
The settlement feels orderly and
predictable. 

4734
04:18:46,200 --> 04:18:50,900
Courtyards fill with sunlight. 
Shadows, shrink toward midday. 

4735
04:18:52,000 --> 04:18:54,500
Cat settling into spots with 
where they can see, without 

4736
04:18:54,500 --> 04:18:58,500
being seen alleged above a 
doorway, a gap between two 

4737
04:18:58,500 --> 04:19:02,000
storage jars. 
The top of a wall warmed by 

4738
04:19:02,000 --> 04:19:05,300
Morning, Sun. 
They rest with eyes, half closed

4739
04:19:05,300 --> 04:19:08,600
and Tails curled around their 
bodies breathing, slowly. 

4740
04:19:09,400 --> 04:19:13,000
They do not seek attention. 
They simply occupy space that 

4741
04:19:13,000 --> 04:19:17,300
offers both comfort and Vantage.
Children scatter grain for 

4742
04:19:17,300 --> 04:19:20,800
chickens in the courtyard. 
The birds Peck and flutter 

4743
04:19:20,800 --> 04:19:23,300
kicking up, small clouds of 
dust. 

4744
04:19:24,300 --> 04:19:28,100
Cats, watch this activity from a
distance noting, the movement, 

4745
04:19:28,100 --> 04:19:32,000
the sound, and the predictable 
timing, they learn when the 

4746
04:19:32,000 --> 04:19:35,100
courtyard fills. 
And when it is, they learn which

4747
04:19:35,100 --> 04:19:37,800
paths people take most often, 
and which Corners remain 

4748
04:19:37,800 --> 04:19:41,300
undisturbed. 
By midday the heat presses down 

4749
04:19:41,300 --> 04:19:45,000
and movement slows people 
Retreat indoors or into the 

4750
04:19:45,008 --> 04:19:48,100
deepest shade, the settlement 
grows quiet. 

4751
04:19:48,100 --> 04:19:52,000
Even the chickens settle into 
dust baths fluffing, their 

4752
04:19:52,000 --> 04:19:53,600
feathers, and closing their 
eyes. 

4753
04:19:54,500 --> 04:19:57,100
Cats remain still conserving 
energy. 

4754
04:19:57,100 --> 04:19:59,500
Letting the hours pass without 
effort. 

4755
04:19:59,500 --> 04:20:04,000
There is no urgency here time 
moves in Long unhurried 

4756
04:20:04,000 --> 04:20:06,700
stretches. 
Later afternoon, brings a shift 

4757
04:20:06,700 --> 04:20:10,300
in temperature, breezes begin to
move through the spaces between 

4758
04:20:10,300 --> 04:20:13,400
buildings, people emerged to 
continue their work. 

4759
04:20:13,400 --> 04:20:17,400
They grind grain with heavy 
Stones, The Sound rhythmic and 

4760
04:20:17,408 --> 04:20:20,600
steady. 
The Weave mats from reads. 

4761
04:20:20,600 --> 04:20:23,000
Their hands moving in practice 
patterns. 

4762
04:20:23,900 --> 04:20:28,200
They meant baskets repair tools 
and 10, small Fires for evening 

4763
04:20:28,200 --> 04:20:31,700
meals. 
Cats stretch and shift positions

4764
04:20:31,700 --> 04:20:34,100
following the retreating patches
of sunlight. 

4765
04:20:34,100 --> 04:20:37,900
They groom themselves. 
With careful attention smoothing

4766
04:20:37,900 --> 04:20:42,100
fur and cleaning pause. 
They yawn widely showing sharp 

4767
04:20:42,100 --> 04:20:46,100
teeth then settle again. 
Their presence becomes part of 

4768
04:20:46,100 --> 04:20:49,000
the landscape, unremarkable and 
accepted. 

4769
04:20:49,900 --> 04:20:53,300
Mice Venture outer Shadows 
length and emboldened by the 

4770
04:20:53,300 --> 04:20:56,500
approaching dusk. 
They move quickly darting from 

4771
04:20:56,508 --> 04:20:58,800
one hiding spot to another 
always alert. 

4772
04:21:00,100 --> 04:21:04,800
Cats track this movement with 
Focus Stillness bodies low ears 

4773
04:21:04,800 --> 04:21:07,000
forward. 
Sometimes they move. 

4774
04:21:07,000 --> 04:21:11,500
Sometimes they simply watch. 
Settlement provides more than 

4775
04:21:11,500 --> 04:21:15,400
enough opportunity. 
There is no need to rush people 

4776
04:21:15,400 --> 04:21:19,900
notice the cats in passing. 
Shape on a wall a flicker of 

4777
04:21:19,908 --> 04:21:24,000
movement in peripheral vision. 
No one reacts with surprise or 

4778
04:21:24,000 --> 04:21:27,200
concern. 
The cats are simply there as the

4779
04:21:27,200 --> 04:21:29,800
chickens. 
Are there as the insects are 

4780
04:21:29,800 --> 04:21:32,100
there. 
They belong to the rhythm of the

4781
04:21:32,100 --> 04:21:34,000
place without requiring 
acknowledgment. 

4782
04:21:34,900 --> 04:21:37,800
Evening approaches and the 
quality of light changes turning

4783
04:21:37,800 --> 04:21:42,900
golden and soft. cooking fires 
begin to Glow in halves the 

4784
04:21:42,900 --> 04:21:46,200
smell of baking bread drifts 
through the settlement people 

4785
04:21:46,200 --> 04:21:49,900
gathered doorways sitting on low
stools talking quietly as they 

4786
04:21:49,900 --> 04:21:55,200
eat. cats remain at a distance 
observing They do not approach 

4787
04:21:55,200 --> 04:21:58,800
the fires or the food they 
maintain their own routines 

4788
04:21:58,800 --> 04:22:03,600
independent, but aware. as 
Darkness settles the settlement 

4789
04:22:03,600 --> 04:22:08,200
grows quieter still People move 
indoors, fires, burn lower. 

4790
04:22:09,100 --> 04:22:11,900
Sounds of the day Fade Into the 
sounds of night. 

4791
04:22:12,800 --> 04:22:16,700
Distant animal calls the rustle 
of wind through Reeds. 

4792
04:22:16,700 --> 04:22:20,900
And the occasional crack of 
settling would cats navigate 

4793
04:22:20,900 --> 04:22:25,500
this Darkness with ease, their 
eyes catching faint light, their

4794
04:22:25,500 --> 04:22:29,400
movement silent and assured. 
The daily life of the settlement

4795
04:22:29,400 --> 04:22:32,700
continues this way, day after 
day, season after season. 

4796
04:22:33,700 --> 04:22:36,900
Patterns, repeat. 
Cats, learn them thoroughly. 

4797
04:22:36,900 --> 04:22:40,900
They understand when grain is 
poured when Courtyards are swept

4798
04:22:40,900 --> 04:22:46,000
when people rest, and when they 
work, This knowledge allows them

4799
04:22:46,000 --> 04:22:49,600
to exist, comfortably within the
human world without disrupting 

4800
04:22:49,600 --> 04:22:54,100
it or being disrupted by it. 
The relationship begins not 

4801
04:22:54,100 --> 04:22:58,300
through intention but through 
simple proximity and the gradual

4802
04:22:58,300 --> 04:23:02,600
recognition of mutual benefit. 
You watch as people build and 

4803
04:23:02,600 --> 04:23:04,600
repair the structures that 
Define their lives. 

4804
04:23:04,600 --> 04:23:07,600
Walls. 
Rise from mud-bricks dried in 

4805
04:23:07,608 --> 04:23:10,700
the sun stacked carefully and 
mortared with clay. 

4806
04:23:11,600 --> 04:23:14,600
Roofs are formed from wooden 
beams, layered with reeds and 

4807
04:23:14,600 --> 04:23:17,500
packed Earth. 
Each structure takes shape 

4808
04:23:17,500 --> 04:23:22,500
through repetition lifting 
placing, smoothing and waiting 

4809
04:23:22,500 --> 04:23:27,200
for materials to set and Harden.
Cats, observe this construction 

4810
04:23:27,200 --> 04:23:31,100
from nearby Vantage points. 
They note the appearance of new 

4811
04:23:31,100 --> 04:23:35,800
walls that create Shade New 
overhangs that block rain a new 

4812
04:23:35,800 --> 04:23:39,800
corners that hold warmth. 
As people work cats test, these 

4813
04:23:39,800 --> 04:23:43,500
spaces, stepping carefully onto 
fresh surfaces, sniffing at new 

4814
04:23:43,500 --> 04:23:45,500
materials and deciding which 
spots suit them. 

4815
04:23:45,500 --> 04:23:48,300
A beam positioned at just the 
right height. 

4816
04:23:48,300 --> 04:23:52,100
Becomes arresting place a gap 
between two walls becomes a 

4817
04:23:52,100 --> 04:23:55,700
passage the cats adapt to the 
changing landscape as it. 

4818
04:23:55,708 --> 04:23:59,400
Develops people sweep 
Courtyards, daily using bundles 

4819
04:23:59,400 --> 04:24:02,800
of Twigs tied with cord. 
They pushed dust and debris 

4820
04:24:02,800 --> 04:24:05,800
toward the edges, clearing paths
and Gathering areas. 

4821
04:24:05,800 --> 04:24:10,200
This sweeping creates clean Open
Spaces where movement is easy 

4822
04:24:10,200 --> 04:24:14,500
and visibility is clear. 
Cats move through the swept 

4823
04:24:14,500 --> 04:24:18,000
areas with confidence, their 
paws, finding smooth ground. 

4824
04:24:18,000 --> 04:24:22,300
There are approached unhindered 
by clutter The maintenance of 

4825
04:24:22,300 --> 04:24:25,200
order serves both species 
without either one planning for 

4826
04:24:25,208 --> 04:24:28,300
the other. 
Storage areas require constant 

4827
04:24:28,300 --> 04:24:33,400
attention, baskets need mending.
When reads crack and split clay 

4828
04:24:33,400 --> 04:24:36,100
jars, develop hairline fractures
that must be sealed with fresh 

4829
04:24:36,100 --> 04:24:39,100
clay. 
Wooden Lids warp in the Heat and

4830
04:24:39,100 --> 04:24:42,700
must be replaced. 
People work steadily to keep 

4831
04:24:42,708 --> 04:24:46,700
these containers, functional 
knowing that grain left exposed 

4832
04:24:46,700 --> 04:24:51,600
attracts more than just mice. 
Insects swarm, Birds descend 

4833
04:24:51,600 --> 04:24:56,000
larger animals investigate, the 
effort to maintain sealed 

4834
04:24:56,000 --> 04:25:00,300
storage becomes a daily priority
cats benefit from this vigilance

4835
04:25:00,300 --> 04:25:02,900
sealed. 
Storage means concentrated 

4836
04:25:02,900 --> 04:25:06,500
populations of mice and rats 
drawn to the few accessible 

4837
04:25:06,500 --> 04:25:09,300
points of Entry the cats, learn 
these points. 

4838
04:25:09,300 --> 04:25:13,700
They position themselves near 
the bases of storage jars, near 

4839
04:25:13,700 --> 04:25:17,400
the seams of woven baskets, a 
near the gaps where wooden 

4840
04:25:17,400 --> 04:25:21,200
platforms meet walls. 
They wait with extraordinary, 

4841
04:25:21,200 --> 04:25:24,600
patience bodies. 
Still breathing slow. 

4842
04:25:25,600 --> 04:25:28,800
When movement occurs, they 
respond with sudden Precision, 

4843
04:25:28,800 --> 04:25:32,600
then they settle again, waiting 
for the next opportunity 

4844
04:25:32,600 --> 04:25:35,300
Pathways develop through 
repeated. 

4845
04:25:35,300 --> 04:25:39,600
Use people walk the same routes 
between buildings between work 

4846
04:25:39,600 --> 04:25:42,700
areas and water sources, and 
between homes and Fields. 

4847
04:25:43,700 --> 04:25:45,900
Their footsteps, where the 
ground smooth? 

4848
04:25:45,900 --> 04:25:52,200
Creating defined Trails cats. 
Use the same paths finding them 

4849
04:25:52,200 --> 04:25:54,100
easier to navigate than rough 
Terrain. 

4850
04:25:55,000 --> 04:25:59,600
The shared Roots become familiar
to both marked by Mutual passage

4851
04:25:59,600 --> 04:26:01,000
though. 
Never by agreement. 

4852
04:26:02,000 --> 04:26:06,000
Repairs happened. 
Constantly Section of wall 

4853
04:26:06,000 --> 04:26:10,200
crumbles and must be rebuilt. 
A roof, develops, a leak and 

4854
04:26:10,200 --> 04:26:14,400
requires new layers of thatch, a
doorway sags and needs 

4855
04:26:14,400 --> 04:26:17,600
reinforcements. 
People approach these tasks 

4856
04:26:17,600 --> 04:26:21,900
methodically Gathering materials
working in the cooler hours and 

4857
04:26:21,900 --> 04:26:24,700
testing their repairs before 
considering them complete. 

4858
04:26:25,600 --> 04:26:29,100
Cats are just to the temporary 
disruption, moving to adjacent 

4859
04:26:29,100 --> 04:26:33,600
spaces, watching the work with 
Carm interest and returning once

4860
04:26:33,600 --> 04:26:37,500
stability is restored. 
Courtyards become centers of 

4861
04:26:37,508 --> 04:26:41,300
activity, people gather there to
work on tasks that require 

4862
04:26:41,300 --> 04:26:46,800
space, spreading grain to dry 
sorting harvested crops and 

4863
04:26:46,800 --> 04:26:48,300
preparing materials for 
building. 

4864
04:26:49,300 --> 04:26:53,300
The ground is packed, hard from 
constant, use low walls, Define 

4865
04:26:53,300 --> 04:26:57,500
the edges benches and platforms.
Provide places to sit and rest. 

4866
04:26:58,400 --> 04:27:02,500
Cats navigate the margins of the
spaces, staying clear of active 

4867
04:27:02,500 --> 04:27:04,700
work, but remaining close enough
to observe. 

4868
04:27:05,400 --> 04:27:07,400
Water channels require 
maintenance. 

4869
04:27:08,200 --> 04:27:10,900
Clay lined, trenches carry water
from the river to the 

4870
04:27:10,900 --> 04:27:14,300
settlement. 
Sediment accumulates and must be

4871
04:27:14,300 --> 04:27:17,400
cleared, cracks develop and need
patching. 

4872
04:27:18,300 --> 04:27:21,000
People weighed into the shallow 
Channels with tools. 

4873
04:27:21,000 --> 04:27:23,500
Scraping away. 
Build-ups smoothing, surfaces 

4874
04:27:23,500 --> 04:27:27,300
and ensuring steady flow Cats 
watch from the banks, 

4875
04:27:27,300 --> 04:27:31,300
occasionally lapping water from 
the edges, taking advantage of 

4876
04:27:31,300 --> 04:27:33,900
the accessible moisture without 
venturing into the channels 

4877
04:27:33,900 --> 04:27:36,900
themselves. 
Building materials accumulate in

4878
04:27:36,900 --> 04:27:41,200
designated areas stacks, of 
reeds piles of clay bricks 

4879
04:27:41,200 --> 04:27:45,400
bundles of wooden poles these 
collections create sheltered 

4880
04:27:45,400 --> 04:27:49,500
nooks and elevated platforms. 
Cats, explore these spaces, 

4881
04:27:49,500 --> 04:27:52,800
thoroughly discovering, which 
Stacks are stable enough to 

4882
04:27:52,800 --> 04:27:57,100
climb which gaps provide shelter
from wind and which Heights 

4883
04:27:57,100 --> 04:28:01,300
offer the best view. 
The unintended architecture of 

4884
04:28:01,300 --> 04:28:04,200
stored materials becomes a 
landscape of opportunity. 

4885
04:28:05,000 --> 04:28:08,100
People build low walls to Define
property and create boundaries. 

4886
04:28:08,100 --> 04:28:12,000
These walls are not high just 
enough to Mark separation and 

4887
04:28:12,000 --> 04:28:15,900
provide modest privacy. 
Cats use the tops of these walls

4888
04:28:15,900 --> 04:28:19,500
as highways moving through the 
settlement with elevation and 

4889
04:28:19,500 --> 04:28:22,300
speed. 
The walls become connective 

4890
04:28:22,300 --> 04:28:25,300
tissue. 
Linking different areas allowing

4891
04:28:25,300 --> 04:28:28,700
cats to travel without 
descending to ground level where

4892
04:28:28,700 --> 04:28:31,000
people and other animals, move 
more densely. 

4893
04:28:32,000 --> 04:28:35,000
Halves are built with care using
stones. 

4894
04:28:35,000 --> 04:28:38,600
That can withstand Heat 
Positioned to allow smoke to 

4895
04:28:38,600 --> 04:28:40,600
rise and Escape through roof 
openings. 

4896
04:28:41,600 --> 04:28:45,300
Ashes accumulate in a removed 
regularly, carried away to be 

4897
04:28:45,300 --> 04:28:48,100
used in Garden's or mixed with 
clay for building. 

4898
04:28:49,000 --> 04:28:52,200
Cats avoid active fires, but 
appreciate the residual, warmth 

4899
04:28:52,200 --> 04:28:56,200
of stones, that have held heat 
through the day. they rest near 

4900
04:28:56,200 --> 04:28:59,100
the spots in the evening 
absorbing warmth as 

4901
04:28:59,100 --> 04:29:02,700
temperatures, drop The act of 
maintaining shared spaces 

4902
04:29:02,700 --> 04:29:04,700
creates a rhythm that cats can 
anticipate. 

4903
04:29:05,800 --> 04:29:09,400
Morning sweeping midday repairs 
evening cooking. 

4904
04:29:10,400 --> 04:29:12,900
Each activity signal, something 
about the state of the 

4905
04:29:12,900 --> 04:29:15,800
settlement about where people 
will be and what they will be 

4906
04:29:15,800 --> 04:29:18,400
doing. 
Cats, do not participate in this

4907
04:29:18,400 --> 04:29:21,400
maintenance, but they benefit 
from its results. 

4908
04:29:22,200 --> 04:29:25,700
Clean paths. 
Stable structures, concentrated 

4909
04:29:25,700 --> 04:29:27,800
resources and predictable 
patterns. 

4910
04:29:28,900 --> 04:29:32,700
Shared environment becomes 
gradually a true shared space. 

4911
04:29:32,700 --> 04:29:36,900
You notice the way presence 
becomes acceptance without ever 

4912
04:29:36,900 --> 04:29:40,200
becoming partnership. 
People and cats occupy the same 

4913
04:29:40,200 --> 04:29:42,600
settlement. 
Moving through the same days 

4914
04:29:42,600 --> 04:29:45,400
yet, maintaining separate 
rhythms that occasionally 

4915
04:29:45,400 --> 04:29:49,800
intersect with out Collision. 
Cat rests on a sunwarmed wall. 

4916
04:29:49,800 --> 04:29:52,600
A person walks past, carrying a 
basket. 

4917
04:29:52,600 --> 04:29:55,400
Neither acknowledges, the other 
directly. 

4918
04:29:56,300 --> 04:29:58,100
Person does not stop to observe 
the cat. 

4919
04:29:58,900 --> 04:30:00,800
The cat does not startle or 
flee. 

4920
04:30:01,500 --> 04:30:04,900
Both continue with their own 
concerns, their proximity 

4921
04:30:04,900 --> 04:30:08,300
unremarkable. 
This happens, dozens of times 

4922
04:30:08,300 --> 04:30:12,200
each day and accumulation of 
neutral encounters that builds 

4923
04:30:12,200 --> 04:30:14,100
familiarity through sheer 
repetition. 

4924
04:30:16,000 --> 04:30:19,800
Children are the first to show 
interest, they notice cats more 

4925
04:30:19,800 --> 04:30:23,200
readily than adults. 
Do pointing them out, watching 

4926
04:30:23,200 --> 04:30:26,500
them groom or stretch or move 
along the tops of walls. 

4927
04:30:27,800 --> 04:30:31,000
Occasionally, a child reaches 
out, a tempting to touch a cat 

4928
04:30:31,008 --> 04:30:35,200
that Ventures near. 
Most cats step away, maintaining

4929
04:30:35,200 --> 04:30:39,500
distance unwilling to engage. 
Few allow brief contact 

4930
04:30:39,500 --> 04:30:42,300
tolerating a gentle hand before 
moving on. 

4931
04:30:43,200 --> 04:30:46,200
Children, learn gradually. 
Which cats accept this attention

4932
04:30:46,200 --> 04:30:49,000
and which do not no one teaches 
them this. 

4933
04:30:49,000 --> 04:30:53,000
They learn through observation 
and minor disappointment adults,

4934
04:30:53,000 --> 04:30:57,300
focus on work and allow cats to 
exist without interference a 

4935
04:30:57,300 --> 04:30:59,400
woman. 
Grinding grain notices, a cat 

4936
04:30:59,408 --> 04:31:01,200
sleeping in the shade of her 
workspace. 

4937
04:31:02,100 --> 04:31:06,100
He continues grinding, the 
rhythmic sound unchanging, the 

4938
04:31:06,100 --> 04:31:09,800
cat continues sleeping, 
undisturbed by the noise, they 

4939
04:31:09,800 --> 04:31:12,100
share the space for hours 
without interaction. 

4940
04:31:13,200 --> 04:31:17,000
When the woman finishes and 
moves away the cat remains, when

4941
04:31:17,000 --> 04:31:20,000
the cat eventually wakes and 
leaves the woman does not 

4942
04:31:20,000 --> 04:31:22,900
notice. 
Its absence Tolerance becomes 

4943
04:31:22,900 --> 04:31:26,900
the foundation of coexistence 
people tolerate cats in their 

4944
04:31:26,900 --> 04:31:29,200
storage areas because the cats 
reduce vermin. 

4945
04:31:30,000 --> 04:31:32,900
Cats, tolerate people because 
the settlement provides 

4946
04:31:32,900 --> 04:31:37,100
resources and safety, neither 
species seeks deeper connection,

4947
04:31:37,100 --> 04:31:41,400
the relationship remains 
practical grounded in, mutual 

4948
04:31:41,400 --> 04:31:44,200
benefit that requires no 
affection or loyalty. 

4949
04:31:45,500 --> 04:31:48,600
Some cats become more visible 
than others, a particular 

4950
04:31:48,600 --> 04:31:50,600
individual. 
Might choose a favorite resting 

4951
04:31:50,600 --> 04:31:53,400
spot in a frequently. 
Traveled area becoming a 

4952
04:31:53,408 --> 04:31:56,900
familiar sight. 
People begin to recognize this 

4953
04:31:56,900 --> 04:32:01,400
cat by its markings or behavior.
They do not name it or claim it,

4954
04:32:01,408 --> 04:32:04,800
but they notice when it is 
present and when it is absent, 

4955
04:32:05,700 --> 04:32:09,900
This recognition is passive a 
byproduct of routine rather than

4956
04:32:09,900 --> 04:32:13,200
intention. 
Meals are eaten in Courtyards or

4957
04:32:13,208 --> 04:32:16,500
near doorways, people sit 
together, sharing food from 

4958
04:32:16,500 --> 04:32:19,700
common vessels. 
Small amounts fall to the ground

4959
04:32:19,700 --> 04:32:24,400
crumbs of bread fragments of 
cooked grain bits of dried fish.

4960
04:32:25,300 --> 04:32:28,800
Cats observe from a distance 
waiting until people dispersed 

4961
04:32:28,800 --> 04:32:30,300
before approaching to 
investigate. 

4962
04:32:30,300 --> 04:32:33,200
What remains they eat? 
What interests them. 

4963
04:32:33,200 --> 04:32:36,700
And ignore the rest. 
People do not set food out 

4964
04:32:36,700 --> 04:32:40,000
deliberately for cats, but they 
do not prevent cats from taking 

4965
04:32:40,000 --> 04:32:41,700
what has been dropped or 
discarded. 

4966
04:32:42,600 --> 04:32:44,900
Seasonal changes affect both 
humans and cats. 

4967
04:32:45,700 --> 04:32:49,400
When rains come people seek 
shelter indoors and cats find 

4968
04:32:49,400 --> 04:32:53,300
dry spaces beneath overhangs or 
inside partially open 

4969
04:32:53,300 --> 04:32:57,200
structures. 
When he intent suffice both 

4970
04:32:57,200 --> 04:33:01,000
species, move more slowly 
seeking shade and resting 

4971
04:33:01,000 --> 04:33:04,800
through the hottest hours. 
When cooler weather arrives, 

4972
04:33:04,800 --> 04:33:08,800
both become more active working 
or hunting during longer 

4973
04:33:08,800 --> 04:33:12,099
portions of the day. 
The shared response to 

4974
04:33:12,099 --> 04:33:15,500
environmental conditions creates
parallel, patterns of behavior 

4975
04:33:15,500 --> 04:33:19,800
boundaries, develop, naturally 
cats, learn, which buildings are

4976
04:33:19,800 --> 04:33:23,599
occupied and which stand empty. 
They avoid entering active, 

4977
04:33:23,599 --> 04:33:27,400
Living Spaces where people sleep
and gather they prefer storage 

4978
04:33:27,400 --> 04:33:29,599
areas. 
Workshops and Courtyards where 

4979
04:33:29,599 --> 04:33:32,099
human presence is intermittent 
and predictable. 

4980
04:33:33,000 --> 04:33:36,300
People in turn, do not attempt 
to control where cats go or how 

4981
04:33:36,300 --> 04:33:39,400
they spend their time. 
The settlement is large enough 

4982
04:33:39,400 --> 04:33:41,800
to accommodate both without 
crowding or conflict. 

4983
04:33:42,599 --> 04:33:45,500
Illness and injury occur among 
cats as they do among all 

4984
04:33:45,500 --> 04:33:48,500
animals. 
A cat limps from a strained, paw

4985
04:33:48,500 --> 04:33:51,700
moving more slowly for several 
days before recovering. 

4986
04:33:52,599 --> 04:33:55,099
A cat develops, a wound that 
gradually heals. 

4987
04:33:55,099 --> 04:33:59,099
People noticed these conditions 
in passing, but do not intervene

4988
04:33:59,099 --> 04:34:02,800
cats, manage their health 
resting when needed, and 

4989
04:34:02,800 --> 04:34:06,200
continuing to hunt and explore 
when able There is no 

4990
04:34:06,200 --> 04:34:08,700
expectation of care and no 
provisional of it. 

4991
04:34:09,500 --> 04:34:13,099
New cats arrived, occasionally 
drawn by the same resources that

4992
04:34:13,099 --> 04:34:16,500
sustain the existing population.
These newcomers. 

4993
04:34:16,500 --> 04:34:19,300
Now navigate the social 
landscape of the resident cats, 

4994
04:34:19,300 --> 04:34:23,200
finding their own territories 
and routines people. 

4995
04:34:23,200 --> 04:34:26,599
Observe this process with mild 
interest but do not interfere. 

4996
04:34:26,599 --> 04:34:30,900
The cat population fluctuates 
naturally shaped by available 

4997
04:34:30,900 --> 04:34:33,700
resources and the caring 
capacity of the settlement 

4998
04:34:33,700 --> 04:34:37,800
rather than by human management.
Some cats leave. 

4999
04:34:37,800 --> 04:34:40,400
They want to be on the 
settlements boundaries and do 

5000
04:34:40,400 --> 04:34:43,300
not return. 
People do not search for them or

5001
04:34:43,300 --> 04:34:46,300
wonder where they have gone, 
other cats appear to replace 

5002
04:34:46,300 --> 04:34:48,800
them and life continues without 
interruption. 

5003
04:34:49,900 --> 04:34:53,200
The fluidity of the cat 
population mirrors, the fluidity

5004
04:34:53,200 --> 04:34:56,500
of human life in the settlement 
where people also come and go 

5005
04:34:56,500 --> 04:34:59,900
arriving from other places or 
departing to establish new 

5006
04:34:59,900 --> 04:35:02,800
homes. 
The co-existence Remains 

5007
04:35:02,800 --> 04:35:05,000
unmarked by ceremony or 
acknowledgment. 

5008
04:35:05,000 --> 04:35:09,300
There are no rituals celebrating
the presence of cats know 

5009
04:35:09,300 --> 04:35:12,700
stories told about particular 
individuals and no attempts to 

5010
04:35:12,700 --> 04:35:16,900
formalize the relationship. 
Cats and humans simply live near

5011
04:35:16,900 --> 04:35:20,599
one, another sharing space and 
resources in ways that require 

5012
04:35:20,599 --> 04:35:25,099
minimal effort from either side.
This implicitly, this lack of 

5013
04:35:25,108 --> 04:35:28,400
complication allows the 
arrangement to endure without 

5014
04:35:28,400 --> 04:35:32,300
strain or expectation. 
You feel the weight of midday 

5015
04:35:32,300 --> 04:35:35,000
heat settling over the 
settlement, like a thick blanket

5016
04:35:35,000 --> 04:35:39,900
movement, slows until it nearly 
stops people Retreat. 

5017
04:35:39,900 --> 04:35:43,000
To the coolest spaces. 
They can find sitting in deep 

5018
04:35:43,000 --> 04:35:47,200
shade or lying on Floors inside 
building's where wolves block 

5019
04:35:47,200 --> 04:35:50,400
the Sun. 
They're breathing deepens their 

5020
04:35:50,400 --> 04:35:55,000
eyes closed. 
Time stretches and softens cats 

5021
04:35:55,000 --> 04:35:58,099
respond to the same heat with 
the same Instinct for Stillness.

5022
04:35:58,800 --> 04:36:03,200
They find their own cool spots. 
With carts where air circulates 

5023
04:36:03,200 --> 04:36:05,900
in the shadow of walls that face
away from the Sun. 

5024
04:36:05,900 --> 04:36:09,500
And on Stone floors inside empty
storage rooms, where the 

5025
04:36:09,500 --> 04:36:14,200
temperature stays even They curl
into compact shapes or sprawl 

5026
04:36:14,200 --> 04:36:17,800
with legs extended, whatever 
position offers the most Comfort

5027
04:36:17,800 --> 04:36:21,200
their body's relaxed completely 
muscles. 

5028
04:36:21,200 --> 04:36:25,400
Loose Tails Motionless. 
The settlement enters a state of

5029
04:36:25,400 --> 04:36:28,800
collective pause even the 
chickens stop, their constant 

5030
04:36:28,800 --> 04:36:32,200
movement settling into Hollows. 
They have scratched in the dirt 

5031
04:36:32,200 --> 04:36:37,900
panting softly with beaks open 
dogs sprawl in the shade tongues

5032
04:36:37,900 --> 04:36:41,599
lolling side's rising and 
falling with each breath. the 

5033
04:36:41,599 --> 04:36:44,800
entire community of creatures 
acknowledges the same need for 

5034
04:36:44,800 --> 04:36:48,099
rest, the same surrender to 
conditions that cannot be 

5035
04:36:48,099 --> 04:36:53,200
changed or hurried, Cats, sleep 
in short Cycles, waking briefly 

5036
04:36:53,200 --> 04:36:55,800
to shift position, or groom 
before settling again. 

5037
04:36:56,700 --> 04:36:59,000
Their sleep is light enough that
they remain aware of their 

5038
04:36:59,000 --> 04:37:02,800
surroundings ears. 
Swiveling towards sounds eyes, 

5039
04:37:02,800 --> 04:37:05,599
opening to slits when something 
moves nearby. 

5040
04:37:06,400 --> 04:37:08,500
They do not dream in ways that 
show. 

5041
04:37:08,500 --> 04:37:13,200
Outwardly they simply rest 
allowing their bodies to recover

5042
04:37:13,200 --> 04:37:16,800
from the energy spent hunting 
and exploring during cooler 

5043
04:37:16,800 --> 04:37:19,800
hours. 
People wake from their own, rest

5044
04:37:19,800 --> 04:37:22,700
more gradually. 
They sit up slowly, rubbing 

5045
04:37:22,700 --> 04:37:26,400
their faces drinking water, from
clay vessels, and preparing to 

5046
04:37:26,400 --> 04:37:29,300
resume work. 
As the day cools, their 

5047
04:37:29,300 --> 04:37:31,900
movements are unhurried still 
heavy with the remnants of 

5048
04:37:31,900 --> 04:37:33,800
sleep. 
They talk quietly. 

5049
04:37:33,800 --> 04:37:36,800
If they talk at all conserving 
energy for the tasks ahead, 

5050
04:37:37,900 --> 04:37:41,400
Later afternoon, brings a shift 
in energy, Shadows length. 

5051
04:37:41,400 --> 04:37:45,000
And the air begins to move 
people emerge from buildings. 

5052
04:37:45,000 --> 04:37:48,400
Stretching Gathering tools and 
returning to interrupted work. 

5053
04:37:49,099 --> 04:37:53,200
Cats wake to rising from their 
resting places arching, their 

5054
04:37:53,200 --> 04:37:57,200
backs and extending their legs. 
One at a time, they groom 

5055
04:37:57,200 --> 04:38:00,200
thoroughly attending to every 
part of their bodies with 

5056
04:38:00,200 --> 04:38:03,300
focused care. 
This grooming marks the 

5057
04:38:03,300 --> 04:38:07,099
transition from rest to 
activity, evening approaches, 

5058
04:38:07,099 --> 04:38:09,599
and both humans and cats become 
more animated. 

5059
04:38:09,599 --> 04:38:14,000
People work steadily making 
progress, while conditions allow

5060
04:38:15,000 --> 04:38:16,500
Cats. 
Begin to move through their 

5061
04:38:16,500 --> 04:38:19,800
territories. 
Checking familiar spots watching

5062
04:38:19,800 --> 04:38:22,400
for signs of mice or other small
animals. 

5063
04:38:23,400 --> 04:38:26,000
The settlement fills with 
purposeful activity. 

5064
04:38:26,000 --> 04:38:28,700
Each creature, following its own
routine. 

5065
04:38:29,500 --> 04:38:32,000
As Darkness Falls patterns of 
rest shift again. 

5066
04:38:32,700 --> 04:38:35,800
People gather near Fires for 
evening meals then gradually 

5067
04:38:35,800 --> 04:38:40,000
dispersed as sleeping areas. 
They lie down on woven mats or 

5068
04:38:40,000 --> 04:38:43,500
simple beds of gathered reads, 
pulling like coverings over 

5069
04:38:43,500 --> 04:38:46,500
themselves as air cools. 
They're breathing slows 

5070
04:38:46,500 --> 04:38:50,000
conversations fade, the 
settlement quiets. 

5071
04:38:50,800 --> 04:38:54,599
Cats remain active longer, 
navigating Darkness with ease. 

5072
04:38:55,400 --> 04:38:57,300
They move through the settlement
on silent. 

5073
04:38:57,300 --> 04:39:00,200
Pause their eyes reflecting any 
of available light. 

5074
04:39:01,000 --> 04:39:04,700
They hunt when opportunity 
presents itself and rest when it

5075
04:39:04,700 --> 04:39:08,000
does not. 
As the night deepens, they find 

5076
04:39:08,000 --> 04:39:10,900
warm spots to settle near 
hearths. 

5077
04:39:10,900 --> 04:39:14,300
Were cold, still hold heat in 
corners of buildings where 

5078
04:39:14,300 --> 04:39:18,500
warmth collects a next to walls 
that radiates the days absorbed 

5079
04:39:18,500 --> 04:39:21,800
son. 
Some cats choose to rest nissley

5080
04:39:21,800 --> 04:39:25,800
sleeping, humans drawn by warmth
and the sense of safety that 

5081
04:39:25,800 --> 04:39:29,099
comes from proximity to larger 
creatures who pose no threat. 

5082
04:39:30,099 --> 04:39:33,400
They settle at a respectful 
distance, maintaining their 

5083
04:39:33,400 --> 04:39:35,599
independence even as they share 
space. 

5084
04:39:36,900 --> 04:39:40,000
People sleep unaware of this 
nearness or aware, but 

5085
04:39:40,000 --> 04:39:43,900
unconcerned accepting the cat's 
presence as part of the night, 

5086
04:39:43,900 --> 04:39:47,100
Stillness. 
The rhythm of rest becomes a 

5087
04:39:47,100 --> 04:39:50,600
shared language both species, 
understand the necessity of 

5088
04:39:50,600 --> 04:39:54,600
pausing, the value of conserving
energy and the importance of 

5089
04:39:54,600 --> 04:39:58,100
responding to environmental cues
that signal when to move and 

5090
04:39:58,100 --> 04:40:01,600
went to be still. 
This understanding requires no 

5091
04:40:01,600 --> 04:40:06,200
communication, it exists in the 
body's wisdom in the instinct to

5092
04:40:06,200 --> 04:40:08,900
rest. 
When rest is needed and to wake 

5093
04:40:08,900 --> 04:40:13,100
when conditions improve Mornings
begin with gradual stirring, 

5094
04:40:13,100 --> 04:40:17,500
people wake to the first light 
Rising slowly moving quietly. 

5095
04:40:17,500 --> 04:40:19,900
So as not to disturb others who 
still sleep. 

5096
04:40:20,800 --> 04:40:24,400
Cats wake to stretching 
elaborately your morning and 

5097
04:40:24,400 --> 04:40:26,600
beginning to groom before 
setting out to explore. 

5098
04:40:27,800 --> 04:40:30,500
The settlement transitions from 
Knight Stillness to days, 

5099
04:40:30,500 --> 04:40:33,500
activity through a gentle 
progression, that honors. 

5100
04:40:33,500 --> 04:40:37,200
The need for both rest and 
wakefulness. throughout Seasons 

5101
04:40:37,200 --> 04:40:41,700
the specific timing shifts, but 
the pattern remains Some of days

5102
04:40:41,700 --> 04:40:45,200
bring longer periods of midday 
rest and shorter cooler periods 

5103
04:40:45,200 --> 04:40:48,900
of activity, winter days. 
Allow more sustained work with 

5104
04:40:48,900 --> 04:40:50,400
less need for heat driven 
pauses. 

5105
04:40:51,400 --> 04:40:53,700
Cats and humans are just their 
rhythms accordingly. 

5106
04:40:53,700 --> 04:40:57,600
Both responding to the same 
environmental pressures and both

5107
04:40:57,600 --> 04:41:00,300
finding balance between effort 
and recuperation. 

5108
04:41:01,300 --> 04:41:04,900
Rest becomes a form of 
coexistence as meaningful as any

5109
04:41:04,900 --> 04:41:06,900
other. 
In the shared need for 

5110
04:41:06,900 --> 04:41:10,200
Stillness, in the parallel 
patterns of sleep, and waking 

5111
04:41:10,200 --> 04:41:14,100
humans and cats, find common 
ground that requires no 

5112
04:41:14,100 --> 04:41:17,600
negotiation. 
They simply rest when rest is 

5113
04:41:17,600 --> 04:41:22,500
needed side by side in the same 
settlement, under the same Sun, 

5114
04:41:22,500 --> 04:41:24,600
part of the same Rhythm that 
governs. 

5115
04:41:24,600 --> 04:41:27,300
All life. 
You observe how nourishment 

5116
04:41:27,300 --> 04:41:31,200
shape, the daily patterns of 
both humans and cats food is not

5117
04:41:31,200 --> 04:41:35,600
abundant but it is reliable. 
The settlement stores, hold 

5118
04:41:35,600 --> 04:41:38,000
grain, harvested, from nearby 
Fields. 

5119
04:41:38,000 --> 04:41:41,500
People portion, this grain, 
carefully, grinding it as 

5120
04:41:41,500 --> 04:41:44,800
needed, baking it into bread and
cooking it into simple 

5121
04:41:44,800 --> 04:41:48,200
porridges, the work of 
preparing, food happens daily, 

5122
04:41:48,200 --> 04:41:50,900
creating regular, scraps and 
spillage. 

5123
04:41:51,600 --> 04:41:54,300
Grain scattered during 
processing attracts mice. 

5124
04:41:54,300 --> 04:41:58,000
They emerge at dawn and dusk 
moving quickly, through Shadows 

5125
04:41:58,000 --> 04:42:02,100
Gathering fall and seeds, and 
retreating to Hidden Burrows 

5126
04:42:02,100 --> 04:42:06,000
between the settlements walls. 
The presence is constant 

5127
04:42:06,000 --> 04:42:09,500
sustained by the same resources 
that feed the human population. 

5128
04:42:09,500 --> 04:42:13,000
The mice Thrive, wherever grain 
is stored or handled. 

5129
04:42:13,800 --> 04:42:17,400
Cat's position themselves near 
these areas of activity, they 

5130
04:42:17,400 --> 04:42:21,100
learn the locations where grain 
is most often spilled near 

5131
04:42:21,100 --> 04:42:25,500
grinding, Stones around storage 
jars and in Corners where 

5132
04:42:25,500 --> 04:42:29,500
baskets are emptied and filled. 
They wait with focused patients,

5133
04:42:29,500 --> 04:42:32,500
bodies low eyes. 
Fixed on Spaces where Miser 

5134
04:42:32,500 --> 04:42:35,200
likely to appear. 
Sometimes they wait for hours. 

5135
04:42:36,000 --> 04:42:39,100
Sometimes they wait through 
entire days, they're willingness

5136
04:42:39,100 --> 04:42:42,600
to remain still makes their 
hunting possible when a cat 

5137
04:42:42,600 --> 04:42:44,500
catches a mouse, it does so 
quickly. 

5138
04:42:45,600 --> 04:42:48,900
There is a brief moment of 
sudden movement, then Stillness 

5139
04:42:48,900 --> 04:42:51,300
again. 
The cat carries its catch to a 

5140
04:42:51,300 --> 04:42:55,200
quiet spot consumes it 
efficiently and returns to 

5141
04:42:55,200 --> 04:42:58,600
waiting. 
This pattern repeats throughout 

5142
04:42:58,600 --> 04:43:02,300
the day and night, providing the
cat with regular meals without 

5143
04:43:02,300 --> 04:43:04,500
requiring human intervention or 
provision. 

5144
04:43:05,400 --> 04:43:08,700
People prepare food Outdoors, 
when the weather permits working

5145
04:43:08,700 --> 04:43:11,700
in Courtyards were smoke from 
cooking fires can disperse. 

5146
04:43:11,700 --> 04:43:15,900
They got fish caught from the 
river trimming away Parts, they 

5147
04:43:15,900 --> 04:43:18,900
do not eat. 
The pluck birds discarding 

5148
04:43:18,900 --> 04:43:22,000
feathers and awful. 
They shall nuts and legumes 

5149
04:43:22,000 --> 04:43:26,300
leaving husks and piles. 
These byproducts accumulate in 

5150
04:43:26,300 --> 04:43:29,700
designated areas and a later 
carried away to be buried or 

5151
04:43:29,700 --> 04:43:32,500
burned. 
Before these scraps are cleared 

5152
04:43:32,500 --> 04:43:36,300
cats investigate them, they're 
drawn by the smell of fishing 

5153
04:43:36,300 --> 04:43:38,200
trails and the sight of 
discarded meat. 

5154
04:43:38,900 --> 04:43:42,800
They approached cautiously aware
that people are nearby ready to 

5155
04:43:42,800 --> 04:43:46,500
retreat of necessary. 
Most often people ignore the 

5156
04:43:46,500 --> 04:43:49,200
cats. 
Sometimes a person waves, a hand

5157
04:43:49,208 --> 04:43:51,400
assure, a cat away from fresh 
scraps. 

5158
04:43:51,400 --> 04:43:54,700
They still intend to use. 
The cat moves back, a short 

5159
04:43:54,700 --> 04:43:57,800
distance and waits. 
When the person finishes and 

5160
04:43:57,800 --> 04:44:01,400
walks away the cat returns 
certain foods, interest cats, 

5161
04:44:01,400 --> 04:44:04,600
more than others raw fish, hold 
strong appeal. 

5162
04:44:04,600 --> 04:44:08,900
So do the organs and Bones of 
birds, catch show little 

5163
04:44:08,900 --> 04:44:11,900
interest in Grain or bread. 
Though, they occasionally sniff 

5164
04:44:11,900 --> 04:44:13,500
at these items before turning 
away. 

5165
04:44:14,500 --> 04:44:18,000
Their diet remains primarily 
meet obtained through hunting or

5166
04:44:18,000 --> 04:44:21,100
Scavenging shaped by their own 
preferences and instincts. 

5167
04:44:21,900 --> 04:44:25,000
Opportunity appears in Cycles. 
Tied human activity. 

5168
04:44:25,700 --> 04:44:28,400
Morning food, preparation 
creates one set of possibilities

5169
04:44:28,400 --> 04:44:32,200
evening, meals. 
Create another Seasonal harvests

5170
04:44:32,200 --> 04:44:34,700
spring temporary, abundance. 
When grain is threshed, and 

5171
04:44:34,700 --> 04:44:38,300
winnowed sending up clouds of 
chaff and scattering seeds. 

5172
04:44:38,300 --> 04:44:42,600
Widely Cats do not eat this 
grain but they hunt the mice 

5173
04:44:42,600 --> 04:44:46,000
drawn to, it benefiting 
indirectly from the Harvest 

5174
04:44:46,000 --> 04:44:48,500
plenty. 
Water is available in the 

5175
04:44:48,508 --> 04:44:52,100
settlements channels and 
collection vessels cats drink 

5176
04:44:52,100 --> 04:44:53,800
from the sources when they are 
thirsty. 

5177
04:44:53,800 --> 04:44:57,900
Lapping from the edges of clay 
bowls or from shallow portions 

5178
04:44:57,900 --> 04:45:02,100
of the water channels. 
People do not prevent this water

5179
04:45:02,100 --> 04:45:03,900
flows. 
Steadily enough that sharing it 

5180
04:45:03,900 --> 04:45:04,500
costs. 
Nothing. 

5181
04:45:05,400 --> 04:45:08,700
Some cats, prove more skilled at
hunting than others, a 

5182
04:45:08,700 --> 04:45:11,100
particularly Adept cat. 
Might catch several mice in a 

5183
04:45:11,100 --> 04:45:13,900
day eating what it needs and 
leaving the rest. 

5184
04:45:14,900 --> 04:45:17,800
Other cats hunt, less 
successfully going longer 

5185
04:45:17,800 --> 04:45:22,800
between meals appearing, thin 
and sharp bone. the settlement 

5186
04:45:22,800 --> 04:45:26,100
supports a population of cats 
roughly proportional to the 

5187
04:45:26,100 --> 04:45:29,600
available prey with natural 
fluctuations, that balance 

5188
04:45:29,600 --> 04:45:33,800
availability against need Birds 
nest in the settlement 

5189
04:45:33,800 --> 04:45:38,500
structures tucking nests into 
crevasses and overhangs these 

5190
04:45:38,500 --> 04:45:40,900
nests sometimes, hold eggs, or 
fledgling's. 

5191
04:45:41,600 --> 04:45:45,100
Cats, occasionally discover and 
raid these nests climbing to 

5192
04:45:45,100 --> 04:45:47,100
reach them and consuming the 
contents quickly. 

5193
04:45:47,100 --> 04:45:51,200
People do not intervene birds 
are not domesticated or 

5194
04:45:51,200 --> 04:45:53,800
protected. 
Their losses to cats are simply 

5195
04:45:53,800 --> 04:45:56,900
part of the ecosystem cats. 
Do not beg for food. 

5196
04:45:56,900 --> 04:46:01,200
They do not approach people with
expectation or demand, their 

5197
04:46:01,200 --> 04:46:03,600
entire relationship, with 
nourishment remains independent 

5198
04:46:03,600 --> 04:46:07,900
based on their own efforts and 
the incidental Bounty created by

5199
04:46:07,900 --> 04:46:11,600
human activity. 
This Independence, preserves the

5200
04:46:11,600 --> 04:46:14,600
essential nature of the 
relationship cats, choose to 

5201
04:46:14,608 --> 04:46:17,900
stay because staying offers 
Advantage, not because they 

5202
04:46:17,900 --> 04:46:22,500
depend on human generosity. 
Lean times affect both species. 

5203
04:46:23,500 --> 04:46:26,400
When harvest fail or stalls, run
low people. 

5204
04:46:26,400 --> 04:46:29,900
Rational grain more carefully 
reducing spillage and guarding 

5205
04:46:29,900 --> 04:46:33,100
resources more closely Fewer 
scraps appear. 

5206
04:46:34,000 --> 04:46:36,800
Mice, population has declined 
with less available food. 

5207
04:46:37,600 --> 04:46:39,300
Cats, find hunting more 
difficult. 

5208
04:46:40,300 --> 04:46:42,400
Some leave the settlement to 
search for opportunities 

5209
04:46:42,400 --> 04:46:46,000
elsewhere. 
Others persist growing, thinner 

5210
04:46:46,000 --> 04:46:48,800
moving more carefully and 
conserving energy. 

5211
04:46:49,700 --> 04:46:53,800
When conditions improve the cat 
population, gradually, recovers 

5212
04:46:53,800 --> 04:46:57,000
the food relationship remains 
transactional, but not 

5213
04:46:57,000 --> 04:47:00,900
contractual. humans, create 
conditions that produce prey and

5214
04:47:00,900 --> 04:47:05,200
occasional scraps cats reduce 
Vermin and ask for nothing else 

5215
04:47:06,000 --> 04:47:09,200
both sides benefit from this 
Arrangement without obligation 

5216
04:47:09,200 --> 04:47:12,000
or expectation. 
Food provides the Practical 

5217
04:47:12,000 --> 04:47:16,200
foundation for coexistence but 
it does not create dependency or

5218
04:47:16,200 --> 04:47:19,300
sentiment. 
Cats remain free to leave if 

5219
04:47:19,300 --> 04:47:23,000
resources disappear they stay 
because most of the time 

5220
04:47:23,000 --> 04:47:26,100
resources continue to appear 
with reliable regularity. 

5221
04:47:27,000 --> 04:47:30,500
You watch as the sun descends 
toward the Horizon painting the 

5222
04:47:30,500 --> 04:47:34,000
settlement in amber light. 
The heat of the day gradually 

5223
04:47:34,000 --> 04:47:38,500
releases its grip air begins to 
move more freely carrying the 

5224
04:47:38,508 --> 04:47:41,000
scent of cooking fires and 
distant fields. 

5225
04:47:41,900 --> 04:47:44,900
People's movements shift from 
the focused intense of our 

5226
04:47:44,900 --> 04:47:48,300
afternoon work to the gentler 
rhythms of evening preparation. 

5227
04:47:49,400 --> 04:47:54,300
fires in halves and outdoor pits
women and men tend these Flames 

5228
04:47:54,300 --> 04:47:58,500
adding would carefully adjusting
the size of the fire to match 

5229
04:47:58,500 --> 04:48:02,000
the need for cooking. 
Clay pots are positioned over 

5230
04:48:02,000 --> 04:48:06,300
Flames filled with grain and 
water and stirred occasionally 

5231
04:48:06,300 --> 04:48:10,700
as the content soften and warm. 
The smell of cooking spreads 

5232
04:48:10,700 --> 04:48:13,800
through the settlement. 
A familiar marker of the days 

5233
04:48:13,800 --> 04:48:17,900
progression. children finish 
their tasks and begin to gather 

5234
04:48:17,900 --> 04:48:21,900
in open areas their energy still
present, but channeled now, into

5235
04:48:21,900 --> 04:48:26,400
games and conversation rather 
than work, Their voices, carry 

5236
04:48:26,400 --> 04:48:30,600
through the settling dusk. 
Punctuated by laughter and the 

5237
04:48:30,600 --> 04:48:34,100
sounds of running feet. 
They are more relaxed now, 

5238
04:48:34,100 --> 04:48:37,700
released from the discipline of 
contributing to the household's 

5239
04:48:37,700 --> 04:48:40,100
labor. 
Cats emerge from their resting 

5240
04:48:40,100 --> 04:48:42,200
places beginning their evening 
routines. 

5241
04:48:42,200 --> 04:48:46,100
They move along familiar paths. 
Checking the spots where they 

5242
04:48:46,100 --> 04:48:49,800
have found food before 
investigating any changes in the

5243
04:48:49,800 --> 04:48:53,100
settlements landscape. 
Their movements are purposeful, 

5244
04:48:53,100 --> 04:48:56,300
but unhurried. 
Evening offers, optimal hunting 

5245
04:48:56,300 --> 04:49:00,900
conditions fading light, that 
still allows Vision cooling, air

5246
04:49:00,900 --> 04:49:04,300
that brings out to forage and 
the distraction of human 

5247
04:49:04,300 --> 04:49:06,500
activity. 
That makes prey less cautious. 

5248
04:49:07,400 --> 04:49:10,000
People gather near their homes 
as meals, finish cooking. 

5249
04:49:10,700 --> 04:49:13,900
They sit on stools or on the 
ground arranging themselves in 

5250
04:49:13,900 --> 04:49:15,900
loose circles or facing 
doorways. 

5251
04:49:16,900 --> 04:49:20,700
Food is served from communal 
pots, ladled into individual 

5252
04:49:20,700 --> 04:49:25,700
bowls and eaten with fingers or 
simple tools. conversations 

5253
04:49:25,700 --> 04:49:31,600
happen in low voices punctuated 
by comfortable silences The days

5254
04:49:31,600 --> 04:49:36,100
work is discussed plans for 
tomorrow are mentioned and news 

5255
04:49:36,100 --> 04:49:38,800
is shared about neighbors or 
family members in distant 

5256
04:49:38,800 --> 04:49:41,800
settlements. 
Cats observe these gatherings 

5257
04:49:41,800 --> 04:49:45,800
from the periphery they rest on 
walls or under carts watching 

5258
04:49:45,800 --> 04:49:47,600
the movement of people without 
approaching. 

5259
04:49:48,400 --> 04:49:51,400
They are not excluded but 
neither are they invited. 

5260
04:49:52,100 --> 04:49:55,400
Their position remains that of 
witness present but separate 

5261
04:49:55,400 --> 04:49:58,500
sharing the space without 
sharing the activity. 

5262
04:49:59,200 --> 04:50:03,400
As people eat small amounts of 
food inevitably fall a child 

5263
04:50:03,400 --> 04:50:07,000
drops a piece of bread and adult
tips a bowl slightly and liquid 

5264
04:50:07,000 --> 04:50:10,400
spills. 
These small losses accumulate in

5265
04:50:10,400 --> 04:50:14,000
the dust around the eating area.
Cats note these occurrences 

5266
04:50:14,000 --> 04:50:17,400
patient in their awareness that 
opportunities will come when 

5267
04:50:17,400 --> 04:50:20,800
people dispersed. 
The light continues to fade 

5268
04:50:20,800 --> 04:50:24,900
deepening from gold to Rose to 
purple Shadows merge and blend 

5269
04:50:24,900 --> 04:50:28,800
losing their sharp edges the 
settlement structures become 

5270
04:50:28,800 --> 04:50:32,600
Silhouettes against the dimming 
Sky fires grow brighter in 

5271
04:50:32,600 --> 04:50:36,100
contrast their Flames more 
visible as ambient light 

5272
04:50:36,100 --> 04:50:41,500
decreases the visual World 
simplifies defined Now by points

5273
04:50:41,500 --> 04:50:44,400
of warmth and light against 
Gathering Darkness. 

5274
04:50:45,300 --> 04:50:47,100
People begin to move towards 
sleep. 

5275
04:50:47,100 --> 04:50:51,200
They rise from their gathering 
places Bank fires to hold coals 

5276
04:50:51,200 --> 04:50:53,800
through the night and carry 
empty vessels back into 

5277
04:50:53,800 --> 04:50:56,800
buildings. 
Children are called inside or 

5278
04:50:56,800 --> 04:51:00,400
guided towards sleeping areas. 
The sounds of the settlement 

5279
04:51:00,400 --> 04:51:04,500
change fewer, voices, more 
footsteps, and the rustle of 

5280
04:51:04,500 --> 04:51:07,300
mats being unrolled and blankets
being arranged. 

5281
04:51:08,100 --> 04:51:10,700
Cats move into the spaces. 
People are vacated. 

5282
04:51:10,700 --> 04:51:13,600
They investigate dropped, food. 
Consuming what? 

5283
04:51:13,600 --> 04:51:15,200
Appeals to them and ignoring the
rest. 

5284
04:51:16,200 --> 04:51:19,100
They groom themselves in the 
residual warmth of the areas 

5285
04:51:19,100 --> 04:51:21,700
where people sat. 
They Mark the evening's 

5286
04:51:21,700 --> 04:51:24,800
territory with their presence, 
claiming the night shift of the 

5287
04:51:24,800 --> 04:51:26,800
settlement continuous 
occupation. 

5288
04:51:27,800 --> 04:51:31,600
Some people remain outside 
longer sitting by dying fires, 

5289
04:51:31,600 --> 04:51:36,000
reluctant to end the day. they 
stare into the coals, their 

5290
04:51:36,000 --> 04:51:39,400
faces lit by the Warm Glow, 
their thoughts private and 

5291
04:51:39,400 --> 04:51:43,700
unspoken cats sometimes 
approach, the solitary figures 

5292
04:51:43,700 --> 04:51:46,600
settling nearby, but not near 
enough for contact. 

5293
04:51:47,500 --> 04:51:51,500
The two species, share the quiet
in parallel, each absorbed in 

5294
04:51:51,500 --> 04:51:53,600
their own relationship with the 
approaching Knight. 

5295
04:51:54,600 --> 04:51:58,300
Stars appear overhead first, a 
few bright points, then 

5296
04:51:58,300 --> 04:52:00,400
countless more as Darkness 
deepens. 

5297
04:52:01,200 --> 04:52:05,700
The sky transforms into a vast 
field of light familiar to all 

5298
04:52:05,708 --> 04:52:07,900
who live without walls blocking 
their View. 

5299
04:52:08,600 --> 04:52:11,300
People glanced upward 
occasionally noting the 

5300
04:52:11,300 --> 04:52:14,400
positions of known 
constellations using them to 

5301
04:52:14,400 --> 04:52:16,700
Mark the season and passage of 
time. 

5302
04:52:17,500 --> 04:52:19,300
Cats navigate by different 
markers. 

5303
04:52:19,300 --> 04:52:23,400
They know the settlement by 
scent and touch and Sound by the

5304
04:52:23,400 --> 04:52:25,800
memory of Pathways. 
And the location of shelter, 

5305
04:52:25,800 --> 04:52:29,600
they move confidently through 
darkness, that would slow or 

5306
04:52:29,600 --> 04:52:33,100
stop human movement. 
Their eyes Gathering available 

5307
04:52:33,100 --> 04:52:37,800
light, their whiskers, sensing 
obstacles and their paws finding

5308
04:52:37,800 --> 04:52:42,000
purchase on familiar surfaces. 
The settlement do not sleep all 

5309
04:52:42,000 --> 04:52:44,900
at once. 
It transitions, gradually with 

5310
04:52:44,900 --> 04:52:47,800
different households and 
individuals moving toward rest 

5311
04:52:47,800 --> 04:52:51,700
of their own pace. 
This staggered settling creates 

5312
04:52:51,700 --> 04:52:56,000
a long period of quiet. 
Transition hours when some sleep

5313
04:52:56,000 --> 04:52:59,200
while others remain wakeful, 
when the boundary between day 

5314
04:52:59,200 --> 04:53:02,800
and night stretches and blurs, 
Fires burn lower. 

5315
04:53:02,800 --> 04:53:07,100
The last voice is fade doorways 
dark and as people move deeper 

5316
04:53:07,100 --> 04:53:10,300
into their dwellings, the 
settlement achieves, a state of 

5317
04:53:10,308 --> 04:53:14,300
Deep Quiet broken only by 
occasional sounds. 

5318
04:53:14,300 --> 04:53:19,000
The crack of a settling log in a
banked fire, the call of a 

5319
04:53:19,000 --> 04:53:22,400
distant animal and the soft 
footfalls of a cat on patrol. 

5320
04:53:23,500 --> 04:53:27,500
Evening becomes night the day 
releases, its hold the 

5321
04:53:27,500 --> 04:53:29,600
settlement rests in the cool 
Darkness. 

5322
04:53:29,600 --> 04:53:34,400
Its inhabitants human and 
Feline, finding their own forms 

5323
04:53:34,400 --> 04:53:38,600
of rest, their own corners of 
Peace, the bond between them 

5324
04:53:38,600 --> 04:53:42,800
remains unspoken, but it 
continues woven into the fabric 

5325
04:53:42,800 --> 04:53:47,200
of daily life, as reliable as 
the sun setting and Rising as 

5326
04:53:47,200 --> 04:53:49,500
constant as the Turning of 
seasons. 

5327
04:53:50,900 --> 04:53:54,500
You find yourself in the deepest
part of night, when darkness is 

5328
04:53:54,500 --> 04:53:57,500
complete and the settlement, 
rests and Stillness. 

5329
04:53:58,400 --> 04:54:01,900
The moon may be present or 
absent Waxing or Waning. 

5330
04:54:01,900 --> 04:54:05,400
It's like transforming the 
landscape or leaving it to Pure 

5331
04:54:05,400 --> 04:54:07,000
Shadow. 
Either way. 

5332
04:54:07,000 --> 04:54:10,400
The night has its own quality 
distinct from day governed by 

5333
04:54:10,408 --> 04:54:13,700
different rules and rhythms 
People sleep inside their 

5334
04:54:13,700 --> 04:54:18,100
dwelling on mats or simple. 
Beds, body's relaxed in 

5335
04:54:18,100 --> 04:54:20,800
unconsciousness. 
Their breathing is deep and 

5336
04:54:20,800 --> 04:54:25,400
regular some snore, softly other
shift position, occasionally 

5337
04:54:25,400 --> 04:54:29,000
turning to find Comfort, but 
these movements are minimal and 

5338
04:54:29,000 --> 04:54:31,800
unconscious. 
Sleep claims them thoroughly 

5339
04:54:31,800 --> 04:54:34,800
providing necessary restoration 
after the days. 

5340
04:54:34,800 --> 04:54:39,300
Exertion cats remain more 
wakeful their biology suits them

5341
04:54:39,300 --> 04:54:41,200
to not turn lack activity 
though. 

5342
04:54:41,200 --> 04:54:44,100
They have adapted to also move 
during daylight hours in 

5343
04:54:44,100 --> 04:54:45,800
response to the settlements 
rhythms. 

5344
04:54:46,800 --> 04:54:50,900
At night, they returned to more 
ancient patterns becoming alert 

5345
04:54:50,900 --> 04:54:55,200
and active using census honed 
for Darkness to navigate and 

5346
04:54:55,200 --> 04:54:58,000
hunt. 
Settlement at night is not 

5347
04:54:58,000 --> 04:55:03,000
silent but the sounds are 
different, no voices, no tools 

5348
04:55:03,000 --> 04:55:08,100
striking Stone no footsteps on 
swept paths instead there are 

5349
04:55:08,100 --> 04:55:12,200
subtler sounds, The Whisper Of 
Wind Through Reed roofs. 

5350
04:55:12,200 --> 04:55:17,000
The rustle of small animals in 
Grain Stores, the distant call 

5351
04:55:17,000 --> 04:55:20,800
of a night bird and the settling
of mud brick walls as they 

5352
04:55:20,800 --> 04:55:23,800
release the days Heat. 
Cats move through this 

5353
04:55:23,800 --> 04:55:26,900
soundscape with awareness and 
caution their paws. 

5354
04:55:26,900 --> 04:55:30,600
Make no noise on packed Earth. 
Their body slip through Shadows 

5355
04:55:30,600 --> 04:55:33,700
without disturbing them. 
They pause frequently to listen,

5356
04:55:33,700 --> 04:55:37,600
head tilted ears, rotating to 
capture sound from different 

5357
04:55:37,600 --> 04:55:42,300
directions, They process 
information, constantly wind 

5358
04:55:42,300 --> 04:55:45,800
direction, temperature changes, 
the presence of other animals, 

5359
04:55:45,800 --> 04:55:49,800
and the state of the night 
around them, some cats hunt 

5360
04:55:49,800 --> 04:55:52,800
during these hours. 
They position themselves near 

5361
04:55:52,800 --> 04:55:56,200
Grain Stores near animal pens 
near anywhere. 

5362
04:55:56,200 --> 04:55:59,600
Mice might venture they wait 
with the same patients, they 

5363
04:55:59,600 --> 04:56:03,000
showed during daylight but now 
enhanced by the cover of 

5364
04:56:03,000 --> 04:56:05,500
Darkness, that makes them nearly
invisible to pray. 

5365
04:56:06,700 --> 04:56:11,500
When they move it is with sudden
explosive speed and then an 

5366
04:56:11,500 --> 04:56:15,400
immediate return to Stillness? 
Other cats simply Patrol their 

5367
04:56:15,400 --> 04:56:18,300
territories walking the 
boundaries marking their 

5368
04:56:18,300 --> 04:56:21,600
presence through scent and 
checking familiar spots for 

5369
04:56:21,600 --> 04:56:25,400
changes or intrusions. 
This patrolling serves no 

5370
04:56:25,400 --> 04:56:28,400
obvious purpose, Beyond 
maintenance of familiarity. 

5371
04:56:29,100 --> 04:56:32,500
But it seems to satisfy some 
internal need for order and 

5372
04:56:32,500 --> 04:56:35,600
control. 
Fire still burn in some haves 

5373
04:56:35,600 --> 04:56:39,300
reduced to beds of glowing. 
Coals that pulse gently with 

5374
04:56:39,300 --> 04:56:42,600
residual Heat. 
These coals provide the only 

5375
04:56:42,600 --> 04:56:45,900
light in many buildings, a soft 
red glow. 

5376
04:56:45,900 --> 04:56:48,300
That barely illuminates, the 
immediate space. 

5377
04:56:49,300 --> 04:56:53,000
Cats are drawn to this warmth. 
Settling near halves when their 

5378
04:56:53,000 --> 04:56:57,600
activity permits absorbing heat 
into their bodies and resting in

5379
04:56:57,600 --> 04:56:59,900
brief Cycles. 
Before resuming movement. 

5380
04:57:00,800 --> 04:57:03,500
The settlements buildings. 
Create complex, shadows and 

5381
04:57:03,500 --> 04:57:06,600
sheltered spaces. 
Cats know, all of these 

5382
04:57:06,600 --> 04:57:09,400
intimately. 
They know which wall has a gap 

5383
04:57:09,400 --> 04:57:11,800
that allows passage from one 
Courtyard to another. 

5384
04:57:12,900 --> 04:57:15,300
They know which roof beam 
provides a root above ground 

5385
04:57:15,300 --> 04:57:18,700
level, they know which corner 
holds want longest and which 

5386
04:57:18,700 --> 04:57:22,300
drains heat most quickly. 
Safety at Night comes from 

5387
04:57:22,300 --> 04:57:26,500
awareness rather than barriers. 
The settlement has no walls tall

5388
04:57:26,500 --> 04:57:29,700
enough to prevent animals from 
entering and no guards posted to

5389
04:57:29,700 --> 04:57:33,300
watch for threats. 
Instead safety comes from the 

5390
04:57:33,300 --> 04:57:36,000
collective presence of humans 
and animals together. 

5391
04:57:36,800 --> 04:57:39,200
From the fact that the 
settlement is occupied and 

5392
04:57:39,200 --> 04:57:42,200
active enough to discourage 
larger Predators from 

5393
04:57:42,200 --> 04:57:45,500
approaching. 
Cats contribute to this sense of

5394
04:57:45,500 --> 04:57:49,200
occupied presence their movement
through the night their 

5395
04:57:49,200 --> 04:57:53,800
watchfulness and their responses
to unusual sounds or smells all 

5396
04:57:53,800 --> 04:57:55,700
create an atmosphere of 
vigilance. 

5397
04:57:56,600 --> 04:57:58,900
They are not protecting the 
settlement deliberately but 

5398
04:57:58,900 --> 04:58:02,500
their behavior has that effect 
adding to the web of awareness 

5399
04:58:02,500 --> 04:58:04,200
that makes the space feel 
defended. 

5400
04:58:05,100 --> 04:58:08,200
Sometimes a cat encounters 
another cat during night time 

5401
04:58:08,200 --> 04:58:12,000
wandering they may approach each
other with caution touching 

5402
04:58:12,000 --> 04:58:14,400
noses briefly. 
Although they may have avoid 

5403
04:58:14,400 --> 04:58:18,800
contact entirely each giving the
other space their interactions 

5404
04:58:18,800 --> 04:58:22,200
are quiet and brief. 
There is no aggression just 

5405
04:58:22,200 --> 04:58:25,200
acknowledgment and continuation 
of separate paths. 

5406
04:58:26,600 --> 04:58:29,800
Dog sometimes stir in the night 
lifting their heads to 

5407
04:58:29,800 --> 04:58:34,200
investigate sounds or movements.
They notice cats passing nearby.

5408
04:58:35,000 --> 04:58:37,200
Sometimes they watch with mild 
interest. 

5409
04:58:37,200 --> 04:58:40,200
Sometimes they ignore the cats 
completely. 

5410
04:58:41,400 --> 04:58:45,300
The two species of reached, an 
understanding dogs guard, the 

5411
04:58:45,300 --> 04:58:48,300
settlement more actively 
responding to larger threats. 

5412
04:58:48,300 --> 04:58:51,300
While cats focus on smaller 
concerns. 

5413
04:58:52,100 --> 04:58:54,600
Their roles complement each 
other without overlapping? 

5414
04:58:55,600 --> 04:58:59,200
As night, progresses toward 
Dawn, the quality of Darkness 

5415
04:58:59,200 --> 04:59:03,600
begins to change the black Sky. 
Softens almost imperceptibly 

5416
04:59:03,600 --> 04:59:07,200
toward Deep Blue. 
Stars remain visible, but lose 

5417
04:59:07,200 --> 04:59:10,700
some of their intensity. 
The air grows slightly cooler in

5418
04:59:10,700 --> 04:59:13,700
the hour before Sunrise, the 
temperature dropping to its 

5419
04:59:13,700 --> 04:59:17,600
lowest point. 
Both humans and cats respond to 

5420
04:59:17,600 --> 04:59:20,800
this Cooling. 
People pull coverings closer in 

5421
04:59:20,800 --> 04:59:23,700
their sleep. 
Cats seek the warmest spots of 

5422
04:59:23,700 --> 04:59:26,600
available. 
Curling tighter to conserve 

5423
04:59:26,600 --> 04:59:29,400
Heat. 
The transition from night to day

5424
04:59:29,400 --> 04:59:31,400
happens gradually, but in 
Everly. 

5425
04:59:32,300 --> 04:59:35,700
Cats sensitive before people. 
Wait their internal rhythms 

5426
04:59:35,700 --> 04:59:37,400
attuned to the approaching 
change. 

5427
04:59:38,100 --> 04:59:42,000
Some settle into final resting 
spots preparing to sleep through

5428
04:59:42,000 --> 04:59:45,400
the morning. 
Others remain alert ready to 

5429
04:59:45,400 --> 04:59:48,400
continue their activity in to 
daylight hours depending on 

5430
04:59:48,400 --> 04:59:52,400
opportunity and inclination. 
Knight provides a different 

5431
04:59:52,400 --> 04:59:55,200
dimension to the relationship 
between humans and cats. 

5432
04:59:56,000 --> 05:00:00,300
While people sleep cats remain 
aware moving through the shared 

5433
05:00:00,300 --> 05:00:04,200
space with familiarity and 
purpose, they do not guard, the 

5434
05:00:04,200 --> 05:00:08,000
humans deliberately, but their 
presence adds to the sense that 

5435
05:00:08,000 --> 05:00:12,800
the settlement is not abandoned,
not empty and not vulnerable. 

5436
05:00:13,800 --> 05:00:17,400
Life continues through all 
hours, maintained by different 

5437
05:00:17,400 --> 05:00:20,800
actors at different times. 
Creating continuity that 

5438
05:00:20,800 --> 05:00:22,900
requires no coordination or 
agreement. 

5439
05:00:23,800 --> 05:00:26,400
The settlement breathe through 
day and night. 

5440
05:00:26,400 --> 05:00:30,200
It's pulsed steady. 
Its Rhythm unchanged. 

5441
05:00:30,200 --> 05:00:34,400
Its coexistence As Natural in 
darkness, as, in light. 

5442
05:00:35,700 --> 05:00:38,900
You witness how patterns 
established over days extended 

5443
05:00:38,900 --> 05:00:43,000
into weeks months years and 
eventually Generations. 

5444
05:00:43,900 --> 05:00:47,200
The relationship between humans 
and cats does not deepen through

5445
05:00:47,200 --> 05:00:49,600
dramatic moments or significant 
events. 

5446
05:00:49,600 --> 05:00:54,300
It simply continues reinforced 
by repetition shaped by 

5447
05:00:54,300 --> 05:00:58,000
practical benefit, and sustained
by the absence of conflict. 

5448
05:00:59,000 --> 05:01:01,700
Children grow up seeing cats as 
part of the settlements 

5449
05:01:01,700 --> 05:01:04,100
landscape. 
They do not remember a time 

5450
05:01:04,100 --> 05:01:08,400
before cats were present. to 
them cats, simply exist as 

5451
05:01:08,400 --> 05:01:13,700
chickens exist, as the river 
exists as the sun exists, they 

5452
05:01:13,700 --> 05:01:17,100
learn through observation which 
cats tolerate approach and which

5453
05:01:17,100 --> 05:01:20,400
prefer distance This knowledge 
becomes part of their 

5454
05:01:20,400 --> 05:01:22,900
understanding of the world 
unremarkable. 

5455
05:01:22,900 --> 05:01:26,500
And assumed these children 
become adults, who maintained 

5456
05:01:26,500 --> 05:01:28,900
the same relationship. 
Their parents had with cats, 

5457
05:01:28,900 --> 05:01:31,500
they do not formalize it or 
change it. 

5458
05:01:31,500 --> 05:01:34,300
They allow cats to move through 
storage areas. 

5459
05:01:34,300 --> 05:01:38,400
They tolerate their presence and
Courtyards and on walls they 

5460
05:01:38,400 --> 05:01:41,300
benefit from reduced Vermin 
without acknowledging debt or 

5461
05:01:41,300 --> 05:01:44,100
gratitude. 
Pattern perpetuates through 

5462
05:01:44,100 --> 05:01:48,000
cultural transmission that 
requires, no instruction because

5463
05:01:48,000 --> 05:01:52,300
it involves no active teaching 
only passive modeling cats 

5464
05:01:52,300 --> 05:01:54,500
produced, new generations within
the settlement. 

5465
05:01:55,700 --> 05:01:58,800
Female cat finds a sheltered 
spot away from heavy traffic. 

5466
05:01:59,600 --> 05:02:04,100
Behind stacked grain jars under 
a rarely used cars or in a 

5467
05:02:04,100 --> 05:02:08,100
corner of an abandoned building.
She gives birth to several 

5468
05:02:08,100 --> 05:02:11,300
kittens, nursing them through 
their first weeks. 

5469
05:02:12,100 --> 05:02:14,500
Teaching them to hunt and 
navigate once they can walk 

5470
05:02:14,500 --> 05:02:17,600
steadily. 
These kittens grow up knowing 

5471
05:02:17,600 --> 05:02:19,500
the settlement as their home 
territory. 

5472
05:02:20,300 --> 05:02:22,900
Some of these young cats remain 
in the settlement throughout 

5473
05:02:22,900 --> 05:02:25,300
their lives. 
Others wander away. 

5474
05:02:25,300 --> 05:02:28,300
Seeking new territories, 
following instincts, toward 

5475
05:02:28,300 --> 05:02:32,100
dispersal and exploration. 
The settlements cat population 

5476
05:02:32,100 --> 05:02:36,400
remains relatively stable, 
despite this turnover regulated 

5477
05:02:36,400 --> 05:02:39,300
by available resources and the 
carrying capacity of the 

5478
05:02:39,300 --> 05:02:43,600
environment. people notice when 
a familiar cat disappears and a 

5479
05:02:43,600 --> 05:02:47,000
new cat appears but they make no
attempt to track or control this

5480
05:02:47,000 --> 05:02:51,300
turnover The specific identity 
of individual cats matters. 

5481
05:02:51,300 --> 05:02:54,400
Little what matters is the 
presence of cats. 

5482
05:02:54,400 --> 05:02:58,500
Generally, the continuation of 
their role in controlling Vermin

5483
05:02:58,500 --> 05:03:02,200
and the maintenance of the 
established pattern Seasonal 

5484
05:03:02,200 --> 05:03:04,700
Cycles. 
Repeat each bringing the same 

5485
05:03:04,700 --> 05:03:07,900
challenges and opportunities 
Harvest times. 

5486
05:03:07,900 --> 05:03:09,900
Bring abundant mice, and easier 
hunting. 

5487
05:03:10,700 --> 05:03:14,200
Lean, winter months, reduce prey
populations and makes survival 

5488
05:03:14,200 --> 05:03:17,600
more difficult. 
Cats and due these fluctuations 

5489
05:03:17,600 --> 05:03:21,200
through the same adaptations 
that allow Wildcats to persist 

5490
05:03:21,200 --> 05:03:25,600
in variable environments. 
Efficient hunting opportunistic,

5491
05:03:25,600 --> 05:03:29,500
feeding and the ability to 
reduce activity when resources 

5492
05:03:29,500 --> 05:03:33,300
are scarce. 
The settlement itself changes 

5493
05:03:33,300 --> 05:03:37,800
slowly building is a repaired 
and eventually replaced new 

5494
05:03:37,800 --> 05:03:40,900
structures are added as the 
population grows or needs shift.

5495
05:03:41,700 --> 05:03:46,500
storage methods improve tools 
become more refined through all 

5496
05:03:46,500 --> 05:03:49,600
these changes the relationship 
with cats from remains constant 

5497
05:03:49,600 --> 05:03:54,100
new buildings provide new 
purchases and shelters improved 

5498
05:03:54,100 --> 05:03:57,700
storage still requires 
protection from vermin. better 

5499
05:03:57,700 --> 05:04:02,300
tools still creates scraps and 
spillage fundamental Dynamic 

5500
05:04:02,300 --> 05:04:08,300
persists despite surface changes
generations of humans pass old 

5501
05:04:08,300 --> 05:04:12,200
people die and a buried children
are born and grow into adults 

5502
05:04:12,200 --> 05:04:15,000
who have children of their own 
the collective memory of the 

5503
05:04:15,000 --> 05:04:18,900
settlement shifts and evolves 
that certain patterns remain so 

5504
05:04:18,900 --> 05:04:22,900
consistently become invisible 
part of the assumed background 

5505
05:04:22,900 --> 05:04:26,200
of life rather than notable 
features requiring attention. 

5506
05:04:27,500 --> 05:04:31,200
Cats live shorter lives than 
humans their Generations turning

5507
05:04:31,200 --> 05:04:35,000
over more quickly. 
Human child might see dozens of 

5508
05:04:35,000 --> 05:04:38,700
individual cats come and go 
during their own lifespan yet 

5509
05:04:38,700 --> 05:04:43,200
despite this rapid turnover. 
That behavior remains remarkably

5510
05:04:43,200 --> 05:04:46,400
consistent. 
Each new cat learns, the same 

5511
05:04:46,400 --> 05:04:50,300
lessons finds the same 
opportunities, and settles into 

5512
05:04:50,300 --> 05:04:52,500
the same patterns as those who 
came before. 

5513
05:04:53,500 --> 05:04:56,500
The relationship reproduces 
itself, naturally without 

5514
05:04:56,500 --> 05:04:58,300
requiring teaching or 
enforcement. 

5515
05:04:59,200 --> 05:05:02,100
Other settlements develop 
similar relationships with cats.

5516
05:05:02,800 --> 05:05:05,200
People traveling between 
communities, observe cats, 

5517
05:05:05,200 --> 05:05:09,000
living in the same way. 
Elsewhere, tolerated, useful 

5518
05:05:09,000 --> 05:05:12,100
independent present but not 
possessed. 

5519
05:05:13,000 --> 05:05:15,600
This parallel Development Across
different human groups. 

5520
05:05:15,600 --> 05:05:19,000
Suggest the arrangements serves 
fundamental needs for both 

5521
05:05:19,000 --> 05:05:21,700
species. 
Needs that arise naturally 

5522
05:05:21,700 --> 05:05:25,300
wherever humans store grain and 
build permanent structures. 

5523
05:05:26,700 --> 05:05:29,800
The absence of formalization 
protects the relationship from 

5524
05:05:29,800 --> 05:05:32,300
the problems that plague more 
structured Arrangements. 

5525
05:05:32,300 --> 05:05:36,700
There are no rules to break. 
No expectations to disappoint 

5526
05:05:36,700 --> 05:05:41,900
and no obligations to resent. 
Cats and humans simply coexist 

5527
05:05:41,900 --> 05:05:45,800
in ways that benefit both. 
This flexibility allows the 

5528
05:05:45,800 --> 05:05:49,300
relationship to adapt to 
changing circumstances without 

5529
05:05:49,300 --> 05:05:52,500
requiring renegotiation or 
conscious adjustment. 

5530
05:05:53,500 --> 05:05:57,300
Stories, begin to accumulate, 
not ground narratives, but small

5531
05:05:57,300 --> 05:05:59,000
observations pass between 
people. 

5532
05:05:59,900 --> 05:06:03,000
Someone mentions a cat that was 
particularly skilled at hunting.

5533
05:06:03,000 --> 05:06:06,900
Another recalls a cat that 
preferred a specific Sunny Spot 

5534
05:06:06,900 --> 05:06:10,000
for years. 
These stories are brief and 

5535
05:06:10,000 --> 05:06:13,200
factual told without 
embellishment and forgotten. 

5536
05:06:13,200 --> 05:06:16,900
As quickly as they are shared. 
They do not accumulate into 

5537
05:06:16,900 --> 05:06:20,100
mythology or meaning. 
They simply reflect the reality 

5538
05:06:20,100 --> 05:06:22,600
of shared space and accumulated 
observation. 

5539
05:06:23,400 --> 05:06:27,200
The settlement continues through
generations, its basic character

5540
05:06:27,200 --> 05:06:29,600
maintained, even a specific 
detail shift. 

5541
05:06:30,700 --> 05:06:32,200
Cats. 
Continue to move through its 

5542
05:06:32,200 --> 05:06:36,500
spaces, hunting its Vermin, 
resting in its shade and 

5543
05:06:36,500 --> 05:06:41,100
drinking from its water sources.
People can continue to build and

5544
05:06:41,100 --> 05:06:45,700
repair, plant and harvest raised
children and age into elders. 

5545
05:06:46,900 --> 05:06:50,400
Two species remain intertwined, 
not through bonds of affection 

5546
05:06:50,400 --> 05:06:55,600
or formal agreement, but through
the simple durable logic of 

5547
05:06:55,600 --> 05:06:59,500
mutual benefit and peaceful 
co-existence. you see, now how 

5548
05:06:59,500 --> 05:07:03,100
this relationship emerged and 
persisted, not through moments 

5549
05:07:03,100 --> 05:07:07,100
of decision or acts of will, but
through the accumulation of 

5550
05:07:07,100 --> 05:07:11,700
small choices and repeated 
patterns Cats chose to stain a 

5551
05:07:11,700 --> 05:07:13,800
humans because staying offered 
an advantage. 

5552
05:07:14,500 --> 05:07:17,500
Humans allowed cats to stay 
because their presence reduced 

5553
05:07:17,500 --> 05:07:20,400
problems. 
Neither species set out to 

5554
05:07:20,400 --> 05:07:23,100
create a partnership yet. 
A partnership formed 

5555
05:07:23,100 --> 05:07:27,100
nonetheless, one that would 
continue for thousands of years 

5556
05:07:27,100 --> 05:07:30,600
changing in certain ways, but 
remaining fundamentally 

5557
05:07:30,600 --> 05:07:34,000
unchanged in others as evening 
settles over the settlement. 

5558
05:07:34,000 --> 05:07:38,700
Once more fires glow in halves 
and cats settle into familiar 

5559
05:07:38,700 --> 05:07:43,100
resting places, The day ends as 
countless days of ended before 

5560
05:07:43,100 --> 05:07:47,000
and as countless days, will end 
in the future, the pattern, 

5561
05:07:47,000 --> 05:07:51,200
holds the relationship endures. 
The quiet companionship 

5562
05:07:51,200 --> 05:07:54,400
continues asking nothing more 
than what it is. 

5563
05:07:54,400 --> 05:07:59,700
Always asked proximity tolerance
and the shared recognition that 

5564
05:07:59,700 --> 05:08:01,500
some of the best Arrangements in
life. 

5565
05:08:01,500 --> 05:08:05,700
Are those that require the least
effort to maintain You rest now 

5566
05:08:05,700 --> 05:08:08,900
in this knowledge in the comfort
of understanding, how connection

5567
05:08:08,900 --> 05:08:13,200
can exist without complication 
how shared space can create 

5568
05:08:13,200 --> 05:08:16,700
shared benefit and how the 
simplest relationships often 

5569
05:08:16,700 --> 05:08:19,900
proved the most enduring. 
The story ends here. 

5570
05:08:20,600 --> 05:08:24,900
But the pattern, it describes 
continues as reliable as Sunrise

5571
05:08:24,900 --> 05:08:29,800
as constant as the Turning of 
seasons and as peaceful as sleep

5572
05:08:29,800 --> 05:08:38,100
itself. 
Welcome to tonight's journey 

5573
05:08:38,100 --> 05:08:41,600
through one of history's. 
Most understated Treasures for 

5574
05:08:41,600 --> 05:08:44,800
the next hour, you'll discover 
how a single golden liquid 

5575
05:08:44,800 --> 05:08:49,400
transformed kitchens illuminated
cities, healed bodies and 

5576
05:08:49,400 --> 05:08:52,200
connected Distant, Shores 
across, thousands of years. 

5577
05:08:52,200 --> 05:08:56,500
Now please, imagine if you will 
in that comfy purple mattress 

5578
05:08:56,500 --> 05:09:00,400
that so snuggly and cozy that 
your standing in a Grove that 

5579
05:09:00,400 --> 05:09:03,600
predates written language, the 
trees are around you twist 

5580
05:09:03,600 --> 05:09:06,100
Skyward with bark as nald as 
braided rope. 

5581
05:09:06,900 --> 05:09:09,200
Their trunks wide enough that 
you'd need three people. 

5582
05:09:09,200 --> 05:09:11,600
Linking hands to encircle the 
oldest ones. 

5583
05:09:11,600 --> 05:09:15,400
These olive trees of witnessed 
Empires, rise and crumble their 

5584
05:09:15,400 --> 05:09:19,100
Roots drinking from the same 
Limestone soil for 1000 years or

5585
05:09:19,100 --> 05:09:22,200
more the leaves, catch off to 
new light with a peculiar 

5586
05:09:22,200 --> 05:09:26,400
Shimmer silver underneath. 
Gray, green on top creating a 

5587
05:09:26,400 --> 05:09:28,700
rustling canopy. 
That sounds like distant 

5588
05:09:28,700 --> 05:09:33,000
rainfall even on windless days. 
Your fingers brush against bark,

5589
05:09:33,000 --> 05:09:36,700
that feels like cooled, lava, 
all ridges and valleys Frozen 

5590
05:09:36,700 --> 05:09:39,900
mid-flow. 
The tree doesn't grow straight, 

5591
05:09:39,900 --> 05:09:44,800
it spirals corkscrews and splits
into multiple trunks that rejoin

5592
05:09:44,800 --> 05:09:48,200
higher up as if the wood itself 
can't decide which direction 

5593
05:09:48,200 --> 05:09:51,300
leads to sunlight, some 
branches, look dead until you 

5594
05:09:51,300 --> 05:09:54,500
notice the small green shoots 
emerging from what appeared to 

5595
05:09:54,500 --> 05:09:58,700
be Driftwood, olive trees. 
You've learned refused to die. 

5596
05:09:58,700 --> 05:10:02,900
Easily cut one down to a stump 
and it sends up New Growth 

5597
05:10:02,900 --> 05:10:06,400
within Seasons. 
Set fire to an entire Grove and 

5598
05:10:06,400 --> 05:10:08,100
The Roots. 
Wait, patiently underground. 

5599
05:10:08,100 --> 05:10:11,100
Ready to sprout? 
Again, when conditions improve 

5600
05:10:11,100 --> 05:10:14,900
the fruit hanging before, you 
looks nothing, like the glossy 

5601
05:10:14,900 --> 05:10:18,600
black olives in jars. 
These are small hard green. 

5602
05:10:18,600 --> 05:10:22,700
Things about the size of a large
marble with a waxy coating that 

5603
05:10:22,700 --> 05:10:26,000
repels mourning Duke. 
You you pick one and bite down 

5604
05:10:26,000 --> 05:10:29,800
without thinking then 
immediately regret it the Tennis

5605
05:10:29,800 --> 05:10:32,800
flood your mouth, like you've 
licked a battery, a chemical 

5606
05:10:32,800 --> 05:10:35,000
Tang, so intense it makes your 
jewelry. 

5607
05:10:35,800 --> 05:10:38,200
He spit it out quickly 
understanding. 

5608
05:10:38,200 --> 05:10:42,200
Now why these olives need 
processing need time and need 

5609
05:10:42,200 --> 05:10:45,700
human intervention to become 
edible raw, olives contain All 

5610
05:10:45,700 --> 05:10:49,000
European a compound. 
So bitter it serves as the trees

5611
05:10:49,000 --> 05:10:51,500
defense mechanism against 
animals who might otherwise 

5612
05:10:51,500 --> 05:10:55,100
Devour the fruit before seeds 
can spread around you. 

5613
05:10:55,100 --> 05:10:58,000
Other Harvesters work with the 
patients of people who have 

5614
05:10:58,000 --> 05:11:01,900
performed this task since 
childhood An older woman spreads

5615
05:11:01,900 --> 05:11:04,700
wide Nets beneath, a 
particularly heavy laden, tree 

5616
05:11:04,700 --> 05:11:08,300
securing, the corners with 
stones, so wind won't disturb 

5617
05:11:08,300 --> 05:11:10,700
them. 
Two younger people carry wooden 

5618
05:11:10,700 --> 05:11:14,200
ladders, worn, Smooth by Decades
of hands, positioning them 

5619
05:11:14,200 --> 05:11:16,900
carefully against branches, as 
thick as their torsos. 

5620
05:11:16,900 --> 05:11:20,200
There's minimal talking, 
everyone knows their role in 

5621
05:11:20,200 --> 05:11:22,300
this Harvest that's been 
repeated the same way for 

5622
05:11:22,300 --> 05:11:25,900
Generations, stretching back 
before anyone bothered recording

5623
05:11:25,900 --> 05:11:28,700
such things. 
The traditional Harvest happens 

5624
05:11:28,700 --> 05:11:31,900
in late Autumn when the olives 
transition from green to purple 

5625
05:11:31,900 --> 05:11:35,000
to Black, though, your village, 
prefers picking them young and 

5626
05:11:35,000 --> 05:11:37,900
green, this timing effects, the 
oils flavor. 

5627
05:11:38,700 --> 05:11:42,100
Early Harvest produce oil with 
more bitterness and pepper and 

5628
05:11:42,100 --> 05:11:44,800
later Harvest brings sweetness 
and buttery notes. 

5629
05:11:44,800 --> 05:11:48,100
You watch as someone uses a hand
right to comb through branches. 

5630
05:11:48,100 --> 05:11:52,100
Encouraging olives to drop into 
Nets below without damaging. 

5631
05:11:52,100 --> 05:11:55,600
The wood, the sound of fruit, 
hit him fabric creates a gentle.

5632
05:11:55,600 --> 05:11:59,200
Percussion hundreds of small 
impacts that blend into white 

5633
05:11:59,200 --> 05:12:01,600
noise after a while. 
A few trees over. 

5634
05:12:01,600 --> 05:12:05,500
Someone has climbed High into 
the canopy visible, only a 

5635
05:12:05,500 --> 05:12:08,100
shifting branches, and the 
occasional glimpse of a tunic 

5636
05:12:08,100 --> 05:12:12,400
olives rained down in small 
clusters bouncing off Nets and 

5637
05:12:12,400 --> 05:12:15,500
rolling towards the edges where 
children wait together escapees.

5638
05:12:16,500 --> 05:12:20,100
Kids compete to see who can 
collect the most Strays turning 

5639
05:12:20,100 --> 05:12:23,000
tedious labor into a game. 
The way children always manage 

5640
05:12:23,000 --> 05:12:26,600
their laughter carries across 
the Grove breaking the 

5641
05:12:26,600 --> 05:12:29,700
meditative silence for a moment.
Before being absorbed back into 

5642
05:12:29,700 --> 05:12:33,000
the rustle of silver leaves. 
You bend to help gather olives 

5643
05:12:33,000 --> 05:12:36,300
from a full net. 
Scooping handfuls into a woven 

5644
05:12:36,300 --> 05:12:37,900
basket. 
That smells of Earth and 

5645
05:12:37,900 --> 05:12:41,800
previous harvests. 
Each Olive feels cool and firm 

5646
05:12:41,800 --> 05:12:45,700
with a weight that belies its 
size the basket, grows heavy 

5647
05:12:45,700 --> 05:12:48,300
quickly. 
Olive Wood is dense, and even 

5648
05:12:48,300 --> 05:12:52,300
the fruit carries substantial 
Mass, Your back reminds you of 

5649
05:12:52,300 --> 05:12:54,500
its presence. 
As you Hoist, the full basket 

5650
05:12:54,500 --> 05:12:58,200
and carry it toward collection 
carts, waiting at the Grove's 

5651
05:12:58,200 --> 05:13:00,900
Edge. 
The path between trees is worn 

5652
05:13:00,900 --> 05:13:02,700
Smooth by countless feet 
walking. 

5653
05:13:02,700 --> 05:13:06,900
This exact route Autumn after 
Autumn carrying baskets, just 

5654
05:13:06,900 --> 05:13:11,000
like yours at the collection. 
Point baskets, get emptied into 

5655
05:13:11,000 --> 05:13:14,600
larger containers, creating 
small, Avalanches of green 

5656
05:13:14,600 --> 05:13:17,700
purple fruit that click against 
would like hail on a roof. 

5657
05:13:17,700 --> 05:13:22,100
Someone tallys the Harvest in 
marks on a clay tablet, tracking

5658
05:13:22,100 --> 05:13:25,700
which families contributed which
amounts the accounting matters 

5659
05:13:25,700 --> 05:13:29,000
less than you'd expect most of 
the oil will be pressed and 

5660
05:13:29,000 --> 05:13:31,800
shared communally anywhere with 
extra jars. 

5661
05:13:31,800 --> 05:13:34,900
Going to families, who 
contributed the most labor, it's

5662
05:13:34,900 --> 05:13:38,200
an Economy based on effort 
rather than ownership on 

5663
05:13:38,200 --> 05:13:40,900
Collective understanding rather 
than written contracts. 

5664
05:13:40,900 --> 05:13:44,300
The Grove extends farther than 
you can see from ground level. 

5665
05:13:44,300 --> 05:13:48,600
Hundreds of trees, marching up 
hillsides to Rocky and steep for

5666
05:13:48,600 --> 05:13:51,000
grain. 
Crops this is the olives gift. 

5667
05:13:51,100 --> 05:13:55,300
To Mediterranean people's it 
thrives where we can barley fail

5668
05:13:55,300 --> 05:14:00,700
asking only for Limestone soil. 
Hot dry Summers and Mild wet 

5669
05:14:00,700 --> 05:14:04,300
Winters. 
The trees need almost no care 

5670
05:14:04,300 --> 05:14:07,800
once established. 
No irrigation no fertilizer. 

5671
05:14:07,800 --> 05:14:11,600
Minimal pruning. 
They simply exist producing 

5672
05:14:11,600 --> 05:14:15,200
fruit year after year with a 
reliability that sustained 

5673
05:14:15,200 --> 05:14:18,500
civilizations through droughts 
that would have killed any other

5674
05:14:18,500 --> 05:14:21,500
crop. 
The sunset approaches the 

5675
05:14:21,500 --> 05:14:26,800
harvesting slows people roll up 
nets secure, ladders and cover 

5676
05:14:26,800 --> 05:14:29,900
collection baskets with fabric 
to protect them from due and 

5677
05:14:29,900 --> 05:14:33,400
opportunistic birds tomorrow 
you'll begin the pressing. 

5678
05:14:33,400 --> 05:14:37,700
But tonight the olives will rest
and so will you walking home 

5679
05:14:37,700 --> 05:14:41,400
through dimming light, you 
notice how the silver underside 

5680
05:14:41,400 --> 05:14:45,400
of olive leaves seem to Glow 
faintly catching the last race 

5681
05:14:45,400 --> 05:14:48,100
of sun and holding them a moment
longer than other trees. 

5682
05:14:48,100 --> 05:14:51,700
It's a small magic, this 
luminescence, but appropriate 

5683
05:14:51,700 --> 05:14:54,200
for a tree, whose fruit will 
eventually become light itself. 

5684
05:14:55,100 --> 05:14:58,300
The pressing room smells of 
crushed vegetation and stone 

5685
05:14:58,300 --> 05:15:01,500
dust with undertones of 
fermentation that aren't 

5686
05:15:01,500 --> 05:15:03,900
unpleasant. 
Once you adjust your standing 

5687
05:15:03,900 --> 05:15:07,500
before a millstone larger than a
wagon wheel, watching it rotates

5688
05:15:07,500 --> 05:15:11,700
slowly around a vertical axis, 
while a donkey plods in circles 

5689
05:15:11,700 --> 05:15:14,800
connected to the stone by a worn
wooden beam. 

5690
05:15:14,800 --> 05:15:18,000
The donkey knows this work. 
Intimately, requiring, no 

5691
05:15:18,000 --> 05:15:20,200
guidance. 
Placing each hoof with the 

5692
05:15:20,200 --> 05:15:21,900
careful. 
Precision of someone who's 

5693
05:15:21,900 --> 05:15:26,500
traced this exact Circle 
thousands of times its eyes. 

5694
05:15:26,500 --> 05:15:29,700
Hold that distant look animals. 
Develop when performing tasks 

5695
05:15:29,700 --> 05:15:31,900
that require presence but not 
attention. 

5696
05:15:33,000 --> 05:15:36,300
Beneath the Rolling Stone. 
Olives gradually transformed 

5697
05:15:36,300 --> 05:15:39,200
from Individual fruits into a 
purple brown Pace. 

5698
05:15:39,200 --> 05:15:42,100
The millstone doesn't Crush so 
much as grind. 

5699
05:15:42,100 --> 05:15:46,200
Its weight sufficient to break 
down flesh and Pitt together 

5700
05:15:46,200 --> 05:15:49,300
into a thick mixture that 
releases the first hints of oil.

5701
05:15:49,300 --> 05:15:53,200
You can see it glistening on the
stone surface, catching light 

5702
05:15:53,200 --> 05:15:54,600
from oil, lamps hung around the 
room. 

5703
05:15:54,600 --> 05:15:58,300
The pace collects in a stone 
base and carve smooth over 

5704
05:15:58,300 --> 05:16:01,900
centuries of use its surface 
stained dark from countless. 

5705
05:16:01,900 --> 05:16:05,300
Pressings someone adds a new 
basket of Olives to the Mills 

5706
05:16:05,300 --> 05:16:08,000
Edge, where the stone will, 
eventually reach them and pull 

5707
05:16:08,000 --> 05:16:10,900
them into its grinding path. 
The Edition. 

5708
05:16:10,900 --> 05:16:14,500
Barely interrupts the Rhythm, 
the donkey continues, its 

5709
05:16:14,500 --> 05:16:18,100
circuit the stone continues, its
rotation and the paste grows 

5710
05:16:18,100 --> 05:16:21,100
deeper in the collection. 
Basin watching the process 

5711
05:16:21,100 --> 05:16:25,400
induces a kind of Trance the 
circular motion, the steady 

5712
05:16:25,400 --> 05:16:28,900
progress and the gradual 
transformation happening at a 

5713
05:16:28,900 --> 05:16:32,700
pace that defeats impatience. 
This isn't work, you can Rush 

5714
05:16:32,700 --> 05:16:35,700
oil. 
Extraction requires time to do 

5715
05:16:35,700 --> 05:16:38,900
its work properly when the paste
reaches sufficient consistency, 

5716
05:16:38,900 --> 05:16:42,300
something, judged by eye and 
texture rather than measurement 

5717
05:16:42,300 --> 05:16:47,000
workers scoop it into woven bags
made from a spato grass or hemp.

5718
05:16:47,000 --> 05:16:49,300
These bags, get stacked 
carefully. 

5719
05:16:49,300 --> 05:16:52,100
On a pressing platform 
alternating with a round. 

5720
05:16:52,100 --> 05:16:54,400
Wooden discs that distribute 
pressure evenly. 

5721
05:16:55,500 --> 05:16:58,000
You help position the bags. 
Feeling the pace. 

5722
05:16:58,000 --> 05:17:01,000
Cool moisture seep through the 
weaving, leaving your hands, 

5723
05:17:01,000 --> 05:17:03,600
slick. 
The pace smells vegetable and 

5724
05:17:03,600 --> 05:17:05,900
Alive. 
Nothing like the refined oil, 

5725
05:17:05,900 --> 05:17:08,000
you'll eventually pour into 
storage jars. 

5726
05:17:08,000 --> 05:17:12,300
The Press itself, dominate the 
room a massive wooden screw 

5727
05:17:12,300 --> 05:17:15,900
carved from a single beam 
operated by a long lever that 

5728
05:17:15,900 --> 05:17:20,100
extends out like a ship's boom. 
The screws threats are hand, cut

5729
05:17:20,100 --> 05:17:22,500
showing The Irregular marks of 
the ads. 

5730
05:17:22,500 --> 05:17:25,800
That shape, the four people take
positions along the lever 

5731
05:17:25,800 --> 05:17:28,500
preparing to walk the circle 
that will drive the screw 

5732
05:17:28,500 --> 05:17:32,400
downward into the Stacked bags. 
Someone gives a signal and 

5733
05:17:32,400 --> 05:17:35,600
everyone pushes leaning their 
weight into wood Smooth by 

5734
05:17:35,600 --> 05:17:40,100
countless Palms, the screw 
descends slowly grudgingly 

5735
05:17:40,100 --> 05:17:43,200
protesting with creeks that Echo
off stone walls. 

5736
05:17:43,200 --> 05:17:47,600
As pressure builds the first oil
emerges, it seeps through the 

5737
05:17:47,600 --> 05:17:49,600
bag. 
Weaving runs down the side of 

5738
05:17:49,600 --> 05:17:52,500
the discs and collects in a 
shallow, trough carved into the 

5739
05:17:52,500 --> 05:17:55,900
pressing platform. 
The liquid catches Lamplight and

5740
05:17:55,900 --> 05:17:59,100
throws it back transformed. 
No longer white light, but 

5741
05:17:59,100 --> 05:18:02,200
something golden viscous and 
alive. 

5742
05:18:03,000 --> 05:18:07,100
This first pressing produces the
finest oil cold extracted 

5743
05:18:07,100 --> 05:18:10,500
without heat carrying the full 
complexity of the fruit. 

5744
05:18:10,500 --> 05:18:14,000
You watch it accumulate with the
satisfaction of witnessing 

5745
05:18:14,000 --> 05:18:17,100
creation. 
Raw material becoming treasure 

5746
05:18:17,100 --> 05:18:20,300
through nothing but pressure and
patience the workers. 

5747
05:18:20,300 --> 05:18:23,900
Continue pushing walking their 
circle around the Press adding 

5748
05:18:23,900 --> 05:18:27,600
their strength to the screws. 
Mechanical advantage the more 

5749
05:18:27,600 --> 05:18:30,200
oil flows. 
The more the bags flattened and 

5750
05:18:30,200 --> 05:18:32,500
the paste inside compresses into
dense. 

5751
05:18:32,500 --> 05:18:36,800
So layers eventually the flow 
Slows To occasional drops Each 

5752
05:18:36,808 --> 05:18:40,400
one forming at the bags. 
Lowest point swelling, then 

5753
05:18:40,400 --> 05:18:43,000
falling to join its predecessors
in the collection. 

5754
05:18:43,000 --> 05:18:46,800
Trough when drops become rare 
enough to count individually, 

5755
05:18:46,800 --> 05:18:50,900
the pressing stops, the bags, 
get removed and the compressed 

5756
05:18:50,900 --> 05:18:53,500
paste inside is now formed into 
hard cakes. 

5757
05:18:54,500 --> 05:18:57,900
These pressed cakes still 
contain oil but extracting it 

5758
05:18:57,900 --> 05:19:01,200
requires different methods. 
Some producers, add hot water 

5759
05:19:01,200 --> 05:19:04,300
and press again, creating a 
lower grade oil suitable for 

5760
05:19:04,300 --> 05:19:08,400
lamps rather than tables others 
save the cakes as fuel. 

5761
05:19:08,400 --> 05:19:12,600
They burn slowly and steadily 
perfect for heating bath water 

5762
05:19:12,600 --> 05:19:16,500
or firing Pottery Kilns, nothing
goes to waste in this economy 

5763
05:19:16,500 --> 05:19:19,400
where olives, represent months 
of Labor, transformed into 

5764
05:19:19,400 --> 05:19:23,000
liquid value, you help transfer 
the freshly pressed oil from the

5765
05:19:23,000 --> 05:19:26,900
collection in to settling 
vessels wide clay containers 

5766
05:19:26,900 --> 05:19:29,500
where the oil will separate from
residual water and plant 

5767
05:19:29,500 --> 05:19:33,200
particles. 
The settling takes days gravity 

5768
05:19:33,200 --> 05:19:35,300
doing slow, work. 
That can't be hurried. 

5769
05:19:36,000 --> 05:19:40,100
Oil floats naturally above water
creating a distinct boundary. 

5770
05:19:40,100 --> 05:19:44,600
You can see even in Lamplight. 
Finest oil, Rises to the top. 

5771
05:19:44,600 --> 05:19:49,300
Clear and golden below it. 
A layer of Cloudy oil mixed with

5772
05:19:49,300 --> 05:19:53,000
plant particles. 
Below that the vegetable water 

5773
05:19:53,000 --> 05:19:57,400
called a morka is still useful 
for various purposes but is no 

5774
05:19:57,400 --> 05:19:59,900
longer food. 
The pressing room maintains a 

5775
05:19:59,908 --> 05:20:03,200
temperature cooler than outside 
taking advantage of thick stone 

5776
05:20:03,200 --> 05:20:07,200
walls, and minimal Windows heat.
Damages oil encouraging 

5777
05:20:07,200 --> 05:20:10,100
rancidity and destroying the 
delicate compounds that give 

5778
05:20:10,100 --> 05:20:11,200
good oil. 
Its character. 

5779
05:20:11,200 --> 05:20:14,000
The workers here, understand 
chemistry with, without knowing 

5780
05:20:14,000 --> 05:20:17,800
its name, using observation and 
tradition to guide processes. 

5781
05:20:17,800 --> 05:20:21,400
That modern science has only 
recently explained They know 

5782
05:20:21,408 --> 05:20:24,200
that green olives pressed early 
yields spicy oil. 

5783
05:20:24,200 --> 05:20:27,100
They know that damaged fruit 
creates off flavors. 

5784
05:20:27,100 --> 05:20:30,700
They know that metal containers 
corrupt, The Taste while clay 

5785
05:20:30,700 --> 05:20:33,500
preserves it. 
A large jar in the corner holds 

5786
05:20:33,500 --> 05:20:37,300
oil from earlier pressings its 
surface covered with a layer of 

5787
05:20:37,300 --> 05:20:40,300
natural sediment that protects 
the liquid beneath from 

5788
05:20:40,300 --> 05:20:43,400
oxidation. 
Someone dips a small clay cup 

5789
05:20:43,400 --> 05:20:45,600
into the clear oil below the 
sediment layer. 

5790
05:20:45,600 --> 05:20:48,000
Then offers it to you. 
You taste it. 

5791
05:20:48,000 --> 05:20:51,400
Carefully first the fruit, then 
the pepper at the back of your 

5792
05:20:51,400 --> 05:20:55,200
throat, then a bitterness that 
somehow Pleasant all of it 

5793
05:20:55,200 --> 05:20:58,400
balanced in a way that makes you
understand why people are valued

5794
05:20:58,400 --> 05:21:00,000
this substance for thousands of 
years. 

5795
05:21:00,000 --> 05:21:04,900
It tastes like the Grove like 
sunlight on Silver leaves like 

5796
05:21:04,900 --> 05:21:09,200
patient, labor rewarded. 
As the days pressing concludes 

5797
05:21:09,200 --> 05:21:11,400
workers clean tools with hot 
water. 

5798
05:21:11,400 --> 05:21:13,500
And course cloths scrubbing 
away. 

5799
05:21:13,500 --> 05:21:16,900
Paste residue before it can 
Harden, the millstone gets a 

5800
05:21:16,900 --> 05:21:19,500
final rotational with nothing 
beneath it clearing away, 

5801
05:21:19,500 --> 05:21:23,000
remaining debris. 
The donkey is unhitched led to 

5802
05:21:23,000 --> 05:21:26,800
water and feed its work done 
until tomorrow brings another 

5803
05:21:26,800 --> 05:21:31,000
rotation of the same wheel, the 
same Circle, the same 

5804
05:21:31,000 --> 05:21:32,900
transformation of fruit into 
gold. 

5805
05:21:32,900 --> 05:21:37,200
You leave the pressing room with
hands that smell of olives, a 

5806
05:21:37,200 --> 05:21:39,600
scent that will linger for days,
no matter how many times you 

5807
05:21:39,600 --> 05:21:44,300
wash, Your kitchen measures, 
perhaps 12 feet square with a 

5808
05:21:44,300 --> 05:21:47,600
floor of packed Earth. 
Worn, smooth as River Stones 

5809
05:21:47,600 --> 05:21:50,600
sunlight enters, through a 
single window covered with an 

5810
05:21:50,600 --> 05:21:53,000
oiled cloth that glows Amber 
when backlit. 

5811
05:21:53,700 --> 05:21:57,000
The room's heart is a raised 
Hearth built from stacked stone.

5812
05:21:57,000 --> 05:22:00,700
Its surface blackened by Decades
of cooking fires. 

5813
05:22:00,700 --> 05:22:03,600
Next to the hearths, its row of 
storage vessels. 

5814
05:22:03,600 --> 05:22:07,300
Each taller than a child, their 
clay surfaces cool. 

5815
05:22:07,300 --> 05:22:11,000
Despite the warm afternoon, one 
of these jars holds olive oil, 

5816
05:22:11,000 --> 05:22:15,100
perhaps 40 liters pressed last 
Autumn sealed with a clay 

5817
05:22:15,100 --> 05:22:17,900
stopper and wax to keep air from
spoiling its contents. 

5818
05:22:18,700 --> 05:22:22,800
You tip the large jar, carefully
letting oil flow into a smaller 

5819
05:22:22,800 --> 05:22:25,100
vessel. 
That's easier to handle the oil 

5820
05:22:25,100 --> 05:22:28,600
moves, more slowly than water 
with a thickness that makes it 

5821
05:22:28,600 --> 05:22:32,200
want to cling to surfaces it 
catches light as it, pours 

5822
05:22:32,200 --> 05:22:36,400
transforming from Golden to 
Amber to almost green depending 

5823
05:22:36,400 --> 05:22:39,000
on the angle. 
This oil will flavor tonight's 

5824
05:22:39,000 --> 05:22:41,200
meal and tomorrow's and the day 
after that. 

5825
05:22:42,200 --> 05:22:45,900
Constant presence in cooking as 
fundamental as fire itself 

5826
05:22:45,900 --> 05:22:49,000
without it, your Cuisine would 
lose half. 

5827
05:22:49,000 --> 05:22:53,300
Its identity becoming something 
unrecognizable to anyone raised 

5828
05:22:53,300 --> 05:22:56,400
on the Mediterranean Shores on a
wooden cutting board. 

5829
05:22:56,400 --> 05:23:00,100
You arrange vegetables for 
tonight's meal leeks, onions, 

5830
05:23:00,100 --> 05:23:03,900
some early greens and lentils 
that have been soaking since 

5831
05:23:03,900 --> 05:23:06,700
morning the knife in your hand 
is bronze. 

5832
05:23:06,700 --> 05:23:10,500
Its Edge, requiring regular 
sharpening but holding a Keynes 

5833
05:23:10,500 --> 05:23:12,600
that iron tools will later 
struggle to match. 

5834
05:23:12,600 --> 05:23:16,100
You chop the leeks into rounds 
and the onions into rough 

5835
05:23:16,108 --> 05:23:19,400
chunks, working with the Casual 
efficiency of someone who's 

5836
05:23:19,400 --> 05:23:23,600
prepared thousands of meals. 
Each piece falls into a clay 

5837
05:23:23,600 --> 05:23:26,600
Bowl already slicked. 
With all of oil, the vegetables,

5838
05:23:26,600 --> 05:23:29,700
beginning their transformation 
even before heater arrives. 

5839
05:23:29,700 --> 05:23:34,700
The cooking pot is ceramic its 
inside surface darkened by use, 

5840
05:23:34,700 --> 05:23:38,400
but still sound free of cracks, 
that would let liquid seep 

5841
05:23:38,400 --> 05:23:40,800
through you pour olive oil into 
the pot. 

5842
05:23:40,800 --> 05:23:43,200
First enough to Coat. 
The bottom generously. 

5843
05:23:43,200 --> 05:23:47,200
Perhaps a quarter cup by modern 
measurements, though, you judge 

5844
05:23:47,200 --> 05:23:50,600
by, I and habit. 
Rather than precise amounts the 

5845
05:23:50,600 --> 05:23:54,500
oil spreads across the pots and 
tyria finding every curve and 

5846
05:23:54,500 --> 05:23:58,300
depression, creating a golden 
pool that will prevent food from

5847
05:23:58,300 --> 05:24:02,000
sticking and contributed his own
flavor, to whatever Cooks within

5848
05:24:02,000 --> 05:24:05,500
coals from the mornings fire, 
still glow, red beneath white 

5849
05:24:05,500 --> 05:24:09,700
ash, You brush away, the Ash 
with a bundle of straw exposing 

5850
05:24:09,700 --> 05:24:12,700
the heat beneath. 
Then position, the pot carefully

5851
05:24:12,700 --> 05:24:16,000
over the hottest section, the 
oil begins warming immediately, 

5852
05:24:16,000 --> 05:24:19,600
its surface developing, the 
faintest Shimmer as convection, 

5853
05:24:19,600 --> 05:24:22,900
currents move through it, you 
test the temperature by dropping

5854
05:24:22,900 --> 05:24:24,600
a small piece of onion into the 
oil. 

5855
05:24:24,600 --> 05:24:28,700
It should Sizzle gently without 
immediately Browning creating a 

5856
05:24:28,708 --> 05:24:29,700
sustained. 
Hiss. 

5857
05:24:29,700 --> 05:24:33,000
That tells you the heat is 
right, the vegetables go in next

5858
05:24:33,000 --> 05:24:36,200
tumbling from Bold to pot with 
sounds that satisfy on some 

5859
05:24:36,200 --> 05:24:39,100
Primal level. 
The hiss of moisture meeting hot

5860
05:24:39,100 --> 05:24:43,000
oil, the crackle is sugars, 
begin to caramelize and the 

5861
05:24:43,000 --> 05:24:46,100
aromatic steam that rises to 
fill the kitchen with promise. 

5862
05:24:46,100 --> 05:24:50,700
You stir with a wooden spoon 
warn Smooth by years of use its 

5863
05:24:50,700 --> 05:24:53,700
handle permanently stained with 
oil that seeped into the wood 

5864
05:24:53,700 --> 05:24:56,400
grain. 
The vegetables soften gradually 

5865
05:24:56,400 --> 05:25:00,400
their colors intensifying rather
than fading all of oil 

5866
05:25:00,400 --> 05:25:03,400
preserving, the bright greens 
and deep purple in ways that 

5867
05:25:03,400 --> 05:25:07,500
water-based cooking never could 
a small Jug on the Shelf holds 

5868
05:25:07,500 --> 05:25:09,200
oil reserve for finishing 
dishes. 

5869
05:25:09,200 --> 05:25:12,400
The finest pressing kept 
separate for drizzling, over 

5870
05:25:12,400 --> 05:25:16,300
food, just before serving. 
This oil never sees heat 

5871
05:25:16,300 --> 05:25:18,700
preserving all the delicate 
compounds. 

5872
05:25:18,700 --> 05:25:21,600
That make it special, you'll use
it tonight to dress. 

5873
05:25:21,600 --> 05:25:25,000
Lentils, after they finish 
cooking, adding a final layer of

5874
05:25:25,000 --> 05:25:28,400
flavor that heat treated oil 
can't provide the difference 

5875
05:25:28,400 --> 05:25:31,300
between cooking oil and 
finishing oil matters enormously

5876
05:25:31,300 --> 05:25:34,800
though explaining exactly why it
requires vocabulary. 

5877
05:25:34,800 --> 05:25:37,400
Your culture hasn't yet 
developed while the vegetables 

5878
05:25:37,400 --> 05:25:41,300
cook, you prepare flatbread 
dough flour, water, a pinch of 

5879
05:25:41,308 --> 05:25:44,900
salt and olive oil work together
until the mixture stops sticking

5880
05:25:44,900 --> 05:25:47,300
to your hands. 
The oil makes the dough more 

5881
05:25:47,300 --> 05:25:50,700
forgiving easier to handle and 
less likely to tear when you 

5882
05:25:50,700 --> 05:25:53,400
stretch it thin. 
You let it rest while the 

5883
05:25:53,400 --> 05:25:57,100
lentils simmer the doe 
developing texture Through Time,

5884
05:25:57,100 --> 05:26:00,800
rather than effort later, you'll
form it into circles, cooking 

5885
05:26:00,800 --> 05:26:04,200
them directly on a hot stone. 
At the half said, brushing each 

5886
05:26:04,200 --> 05:26:07,700
finished bread with olive oil, 
to keep it soft in the corner. 

5887
05:26:07,700 --> 05:26:11,700
A smaller jar holds olive oil, 
infused with herbs rosemary, 

5888
05:26:11,700 --> 05:26:16,000
thyme and bay leaves submerged 
in oil for weeks until their 

5889
05:26:16,000 --> 05:26:19,300
Essence, is permeate the liquid 
you use this for special 

5890
05:26:19,300 --> 05:26:22,500
occasions but even ordinary days
might see it appear if meals 

5891
05:26:22,500 --> 05:26:25,400
feel to plane the herbs at 
complexity. 

5892
05:26:25,400 --> 05:26:27,400
Yes. 
But more importantly, they 

5893
05:26:27,400 --> 05:26:30,900
preserve the oils freshness 
their natural, anti-bacterial 

5894
05:26:30,900 --> 05:26:34,200
properties, extending shelf, 
life in ways that seem almost 

5895
05:26:34,200 --> 05:26:36,700
magical. 
You understand this works 

5896
05:26:36,700 --> 05:26:40,100
without knowing why Following 
practices handed down through 

5897
05:26:40,100 --> 05:26:43,000
generations of cooks who 
discovered through trial and 

5898
05:26:43,000 --> 05:26:44,600
error. 
What science will later, 

5899
05:26:44,600 --> 05:26:47,400
explain. 
The lentils need another edition

5900
05:26:47,400 --> 05:26:51,400
of oil, Midway through cooking, 
not for flavor this time but to 

5901
05:26:51,400 --> 05:26:54,700
prevent them from foaming over a
thin stream poured across the 

5902
05:26:54,700 --> 05:26:58,300
pot surface calms, the bubbling 
immediately, the oil spreading 

5903
05:26:58,300 --> 05:27:00,800
to trap and collapse foam before
it can escape. 

5904
05:27:01,700 --> 05:27:04,200
This trick works. 
So reliably you barely think 

5905
05:27:04,200 --> 05:27:06,700
about it anymore. 
Just as you barely think about 

5906
05:27:06,700 --> 05:27:09,800
breathing olive, oil isn't an 
ingredient, you add to cooking, 

5907
05:27:09,800 --> 05:27:13,300
it's the medium within which 
cooking happens as essential as 

5908
05:27:13,300 --> 05:27:16,400
the pot itself. 
As evening deepens, you light 

5909
05:27:16,400 --> 05:27:18,800
lamps throughout the house. 
These are simple. 

5910
05:27:18,800 --> 05:27:21,900
Clay vessels with a spout for 
the wick and a hole for pouring 

5911
05:27:21,900 --> 05:27:24,500
fuel. 
All of oil fills each lamp the 

5912
05:27:24,500 --> 05:27:27,200
same oil. 
You cook with though, perhaps an

5913
05:27:27,200 --> 05:27:29,500
older pressing or a lower grade,
that's developed a slight 

5914
05:27:29,500 --> 05:27:32,000
bitterness. 
The Wicks are twisted Flats 

5915
05:27:32,000 --> 05:27:34,200
trimmed regularly to prevent 
smoking. 

5916
05:27:34,200 --> 05:27:37,700
You like them one by one 
watching small Flames appear and

5917
05:27:37,700 --> 05:27:40,100
settle into. 
Steadily burning the light. 

5918
05:27:40,100 --> 05:27:43,200
They cast is warmer than later. 
Petroleum products will provide 

5919
05:27:43,200 --> 05:27:47,000
with a slight gold and quality 
that makes skin look healthier 

5920
05:27:47,000 --> 05:27:52,000
and food more appetizing The 
male finishes cooking as full 

5921
05:27:52,000 --> 05:27:55,700
Darkness arrives, you Ladle. 
Lentils into shallow bowls 

5922
05:27:55,700 --> 05:27:59,400
vegetables into a communal dish 
and bread onto a wooden board. 

5923
05:27:59,400 --> 05:28:03,900
The final touch that reserved 
finishing oil gets drizzled over

5924
05:28:03,900 --> 05:28:05,400
everything with a practiced 
hand. 

5925
05:28:05,400 --> 05:28:09,300
Creating glossy pools that sink 
slowly into the hot food. 

5926
05:28:09,300 --> 05:28:13,800
The aroma is extraordinary all 
the meals elements unified by 

5927
05:28:13,800 --> 05:28:16,700
this single ingredient. 
That's touched every component 

5928
05:28:16,700 --> 05:28:20,300
from raw to finished. 
You eat with bread, torn by hand

5929
05:28:20,300 --> 05:28:23,200
using pieces to scoop up lentils
and vegetables. 

5930
05:28:23,200 --> 05:28:26,800
The breads oil brush surface, 
making each bite Rich enough to 

5931
05:28:26,800 --> 05:28:29,700
satisfy without overwhelming, 
after the meal. 

5932
05:28:29,700 --> 05:28:33,000
You save the oil that remains in
serving dishes, pouring it back 

5933
05:28:33,000 --> 05:28:35,000
into storage rather than 
discarding it. 

5934
05:28:35,000 --> 05:28:39,000
This oil is taken on flavors 
from the food, it touched making

5935
05:28:39,000 --> 05:28:42,000
it perfect for tomorrow's 
cooking where those flavors will

5936
05:28:42,000 --> 05:28:45,300
contribute to new dishes. 
Nothing goes to waste and a 

5937
05:28:45,300 --> 05:28:48,400
household where all of oil 
represents stored labor, stored,

5938
05:28:48,400 --> 05:28:53,100
sunlight, and Stored wealth in 
his most fungible form the jars 

5939
05:28:53,100 --> 05:28:54,700
in your kitchen, hold more than 
food. 

5940
05:28:54,700 --> 05:28:59,100
They hold security knowing that,
even if grain harvest fail, 

5941
05:28:59,100 --> 05:29:02,400
these sealed vessels contain 
enough calories to see your 

5942
05:29:02,400 --> 05:29:05,700
family through lean months. 
You're walking through the city 

5943
05:29:05,700 --> 05:29:08,500
after Sunset. 
Now, navigating streets, that 

5944
05:29:08,500 --> 05:29:10,400
would be treacherous without 
illumination. 

5945
05:29:11,200 --> 05:29:14,800
Light spills from every window 
and doorway each building 

5946
05:29:14,800 --> 05:29:17,900
contributing its share to the 
collective effort of holding 

5947
05:29:17,900 --> 05:29:20,900
Darkness at Bay. 
The primary source of all this 

5948
05:29:20,900 --> 05:29:23,800
light hangs from brackets, sits 
and niches. 

5949
05:29:23,800 --> 05:29:28,100
And rests on Ledges thousands of
small clay lamps. 

5950
05:29:28,100 --> 05:29:31,900
Each burning olive oil with a 
steadiness that candles were 

5951
05:29:31,900 --> 05:29:32,800
later. 
Struggle to match. 

5952
05:29:32,800 --> 05:29:36,800
The Flames are surprisingly 
bright numerous enough that you 

5953
05:29:36,800 --> 05:29:40,800
can read inscriptions on public 
buildings, recognize faces from 

5954
05:29:40,800 --> 05:29:44,200
20 feet away and avoid. 
Stepping in things better left 

5955
05:29:44,200 --> 05:29:48,000
unmentioned, the city's Main 
Street features, elaborate lamps

5956
05:29:48,000 --> 05:29:51,500
Downs, taller than a person 
designed to illuminate public 

5957
05:29:51,500 --> 05:29:54,400
spaces, where citizens gather 
after daylight ends. 

5958
05:29:54,400 --> 05:29:58,700
These stands hold multiple lamps
arranged in tears creating 

5959
05:29:58,700 --> 05:30:01,900
islands of brightness. 
That push back Shadows, someone 

5960
05:30:01,900 --> 05:30:06,400
maintains these lamps refilling,
oil trimming Wix and ensuring 

5961
05:30:06,400 --> 05:30:09,100
Flames, don't fail during the 
night hours when their absence 

5962
05:30:09,100 --> 05:30:12,700
would be most keenly felt A 
public service is important as 

5963
05:30:12,700 --> 05:30:16,500
maintaining Wells or repairing 
roads paid for by wealthy 

5964
05:30:16,500 --> 05:30:19,400
citizens who understand that 
dark streets, discourage 

5965
05:30:19,400 --> 05:30:23,400
Commerce and encourage crimes. 
You pass a merchant shop where 

5966
05:30:23,400 --> 05:30:26,900
Lamplight streams through an 
open doorway revealing customers

5967
05:30:26,900 --> 05:30:31,300
examining Goods despite the late
hour, the shops interior blazes 

5968
05:30:31,300 --> 05:30:34,100
with perhaps 20 laps positioned 
throughout the space. 

5969
05:30:34,100 --> 05:30:37,000
On counters hanging from the 
ceiling. 

5970
05:30:37,000 --> 05:30:40,100
Tucked into Corners, to 
eliminate all Shadows, this 

5971
05:30:40,100 --> 05:30:44,200
abundance of light represents 
significant expense with olive 

5972
05:30:44,200 --> 05:30:47,500
oil consumed by the literature 
each night, but the merchant 

5973
05:30:47,500 --> 05:30:50,500
considers it essential 
customers, won't buy what? 

5974
05:30:50,500 --> 05:30:53,800
They can't properly, see, and 
the extended hours more than 

5975
05:30:53,800 --> 05:30:58,100
compensate for the fuel costs. 
Temple ahead uses light as an 

5976
05:30:58,108 --> 05:31:02,200
element of religious experience 
with hundreds of lamps or range,

5977
05:31:02,200 --> 05:31:04,600
to create specific effects 
Flames. 

5978
05:31:04,600 --> 05:31:08,600
Reflect off polished marble 
multiply and bronze mirrors, and

5979
05:31:08,600 --> 05:31:11,700
cast Shadows of columns, that 
seemed to dance as air. 

5980
05:31:11,700 --> 05:31:13,300
Currents, make the Flames 
flicker. 

5981
05:31:14,100 --> 05:31:17,700
The priest, understand lighting,
design intuitively positioning 

5982
05:31:17,700 --> 05:31:19,800
lamps to emphasize Divine 
statues. 

5983
05:31:19,800 --> 05:31:23,100
While leaving other areas in 
mysterious dimness, the 

5984
05:31:23,100 --> 05:31:26,100
interplay of the light and 
Shadow transforms architecture 

5985
05:31:26,100 --> 05:31:29,600
into theater. 
Making the Sacred Space feel 

5986
05:31:29,600 --> 05:31:33,300
separate from the mundane World 
outside at a corner you noticed 

5987
05:31:33,300 --> 05:31:35,600
someone refilling Street lamps 
from a large jug. 

5988
05:31:35,600 --> 05:31:39,800
Moving from bracket to bracket 
with practice efficiency, The 

5989
05:31:39,800 --> 05:31:42,900
Lamplighter pours oil through a 
small funnel careful. 

5990
05:31:42,900 --> 05:31:47,100
Not to spill or overfill knowing
exactly how much each lamp needs

5991
05:31:47,100 --> 05:31:50,000
to burn through the night. 
When one lamp shows a weak 

5992
05:31:50,000 --> 05:31:53,100
flame, The Lamplighter adjusts 
the wick pulling, it slightly 

5993
05:31:53,100 --> 05:31:57,200
higher to draw more oil, 
increasing brightness, this work

5994
05:31:57,200 --> 05:32:01,900
continues every evening. 
A routine as regular sunrise in 

5995
05:32:01,900 --> 05:32:05,700
the city, never returns to the 
vulnerability of total darkness,

5996
05:32:05,700 --> 05:32:09,000
you turn down a residential 
street, where light is more 

5997
05:32:09,000 --> 05:32:12,700
modest, but still present each 
household maintains at least one

5998
05:32:12,700 --> 05:32:16,200
lamp visible from the street. 
A contribution to Collective 

5999
05:32:16,200 --> 05:32:19,500
safety, that custom demands, 
even from the poorest families, 

6000
05:32:19,500 --> 05:32:23,500
some window show, the Warm Glow 
of multiple lamps insides 

6001
05:32:23,500 --> 05:32:26,700
suggesting how old's enough for 
evening activities, Beyond 

6002
05:32:26,700 --> 05:32:30,100
sleep. 
Others, display single Flames. 

6003
05:32:30,100 --> 05:32:34,200
Sufficient for basic tasks, but 
leaving much of the interior in 

6004
05:32:34,200 --> 05:32:37,000
darkness, you can map the 
neighborhood's, economic 

6005
05:32:37,000 --> 05:32:41,400
geography by counting visible, 
Flames averna, head spills light

6006
05:32:41,400 --> 05:32:44,900
and sound into the street. 
It's doorway bright as midday 

6007
05:32:44,900 --> 05:32:47,500
inside lamps. 
Hang from every available. 

6008
05:32:47,500 --> 05:32:50,100
Beam clustered. 
So densely their individual 

6009
05:32:50,100 --> 05:32:53,600
Flame's, blend into General 
brilliance The Tavern keeper. 

6010
05:32:53,600 --> 05:32:57,400
Understands that Darkness 
encourages sleep, while light 

6011
05:32:57,400 --> 05:33:02,200
encourages spending, So the oil 
flows freely, the Wicks burn 

6012
05:33:02,200 --> 05:33:06,300
tall and customers, linger hours
passed, what they originally 

6013
05:33:06,300 --> 05:33:09,100
intended. 
This calculated generosity with 

6014
05:33:09,100 --> 05:33:12,200
lighting costs less than the 
additional Wine and Food sales. 

6015
05:33:12,200 --> 05:33:16,500
It generates Downside Ali, you 
glimpse a different kind of 

6016
05:33:16,500 --> 05:33:20,800
flame, the blue, tinged burn of 
a lamp fueled by something other

6017
05:33:20,800 --> 05:33:24,700
than pure olive oil, lower 
grade, pressings vegetable 

6018
05:33:24,700 --> 05:33:28,300
water, with residual, oil 
content and even fish oil in 

6019
05:33:28,300 --> 05:33:31,100
coastal cities. 
All these find their way into 

6020
05:33:31,100 --> 05:33:35,000
lamps, when pure olive oils cost
exceed, someone's budget, the 

6021
05:33:35,000 --> 05:33:37,900
resulting Flames. 
Burned dirtier producing more 

6022
05:33:37,900 --> 05:33:41,300
smoke and less light, but still 
push back, Darkness more 

6023
05:33:41,300 --> 05:33:43,000
effectively, the no light at 
all. 

6024
05:33:44,400 --> 05:33:48,000
You can judge household finances
by the quality of flame visible 

6025
05:33:48,000 --> 05:33:51,400
through Windows a bathhouse 
complex ahead glows. 

6026
05:33:51,400 --> 05:33:55,000
Like a Beacon Light streaming 
from high windows were steam 

6027
05:33:55,000 --> 05:33:59,100
clouds the glass inside hundreds
of lamps maintain illumination, 

6028
05:33:59,100 --> 05:34:02,100
even in the bathing rooms where 
moisture and heat create 

6029
05:34:02,100 --> 05:34:04,100
challenges for maintaining 
flames. 

6030
05:34:04,800 --> 05:34:07,800
Special lamps with protective 
covers keep water from drowning 

6031
05:34:07,800 --> 05:34:12,000
Wix while ventilation systems 
draw smoke away before it can 

6032
05:34:12,000 --> 05:34:16,400
accumulate enough to bothers the
bathhouse advertises its luxury 

6033
05:34:16,400 --> 05:34:20,000
partly through this profligate 
use of light if they can afford 

6034
05:34:20,000 --> 05:34:23,600
to illuminate even the changing 
rooms brilliantly clearly, they 

6035
05:34:23,600 --> 05:34:28,300
spare no expense elsewhere you 
reach your destination a 

6036
05:34:28,300 --> 05:34:30,500
friend's apartment on the third 
floor of an insular. 

6037
05:34:31,100 --> 05:34:34,400
The building stairwell is dark 
except for a single lamp on each

6038
05:34:34,400 --> 05:34:37,700
Landing just enough to prevent 
Falls, but require requiring 

6039
05:34:37,700 --> 05:34:39,700
careful attention to where you 
place your feet. 

6040
05:34:39,700 --> 05:34:43,300
This minimal lighting represents
a calculated economy. 

6041
05:34:43,300 --> 05:34:46,500
The building's landlord provides
enough oil for safety, but 

6042
05:34:46,500 --> 05:34:49,600
nothing more residents who want 
to write a stairwells bring 

6043
05:34:49,600 --> 05:34:53,100
their own lamps carrying them up
and down like the portable light

6044
05:34:53,100 --> 05:34:56,300
sources that they are. 
Inside your friend's apartment, 

6045
05:34:56,300 --> 05:34:58,900
several lamps, create a 
comfortable glow. 

6046
05:34:58,900 --> 05:35:02,300
That makes the small space feel 
welcoming the lamp. 

6047
05:35:02,300 --> 05:35:04,700
Sit on a shelf specifically 
designed for them. 

6048
05:35:04,700 --> 05:35:07,500
Positioned to illuminate the 
room without risk of being 

6049
05:35:07,500 --> 05:35:10,400
knocked over. 
Wicks are trimmed short to 

6050
05:35:10,400 --> 05:35:13,600
prevent smoking and Flames are 
adjusted to provide light 

6051
05:35:13,600 --> 05:35:16,500
without wasting oil. 
Your friend demonstrates a 

6052
05:35:16,500 --> 05:35:19,600
technique for making oil. 
Last longer adding water to the 

6053
05:35:19,600 --> 05:35:22,900
lamps base, creating a layer 
beneath the oil, that the wick 

6054
05:35:22,900 --> 05:35:25,400
can't reach as the oil burns 
down. 

6055
05:35:25,400 --> 05:35:29,700
It eventually sits a top water 
and the Wix stops drawing fuel 

6056
05:35:29,700 --> 05:35:31,700
precisely. 
When the oil is exhausted 

6057
05:35:31,700 --> 05:35:34,900
preventing waste. 
Notice how the lamp light makes 

6058
05:35:34,900 --> 05:35:39,000
everything look slightly. 
Golden skin tones, warmer food 

6059
05:35:39,000 --> 05:35:41,800
more appetizing and the rooms 
Warren Furniture, more 

6060
05:35:41,800 --> 05:35:44,500
presentable. 
This is all of oils gift to be 

6061
05:35:44,508 --> 05:35:47,800
on mirror illumination. 
It transforms Vision itself, 

6062
05:35:47,800 --> 05:35:52,200
making the Night World gentler 
than daylight ever appears 

6063
05:35:52,200 --> 05:35:56,500
Modern Electric Light will later
strip away this warmth replacing

6064
05:35:56,500 --> 05:36:00,100
it with harsh neutrality, that 
claims to show things as they 

6065
05:36:00,100 --> 05:36:02,800
really are. 
But people raise by all of oil 

6066
05:36:02,800 --> 05:36:06,000
Flames know. 
The truth reality has always 

6067
05:36:06,000 --> 05:36:10,300
been gold at the edges. 
Warm in the shadows And software

6068
05:36:10,300 --> 05:36:13,700
Darkness and Light Meat as you 
eventually leave and walk home, 

6069
05:36:13,700 --> 05:36:16,700
the city's lights, create a 
constellation at ground level 

6070
05:36:16,700 --> 05:36:19,900
each flame a small star burning 
olive oil. 

6071
05:36:19,900 --> 05:36:22,600
Instead of hydrogen the 
collective brightness is 

6072
05:36:22,600 --> 05:36:25,500
sufficient that you can see 
clouds reflecting the glow. 

6073
05:36:25,500 --> 05:36:29,200
The night sky above the city, 
subtly lighter than the rural 

6074
05:36:29,200 --> 05:36:32,700
Darkness beyond the walls. 
This artificial day extends, 

6075
05:36:32,700 --> 05:36:36,700
human activity hours passed what
nature intended, and all of it 

6076
05:36:36,700 --> 05:36:41,100
runs on olives on Groves and 
presses and jars of golden fuel.

6077
05:36:41,100 --> 05:36:44,000
That makes civilization possible
after Sunset. 

6078
05:36:44,000 --> 05:36:47,100
You're watching a physician 
prepare for treatment in a room 

6079
05:36:47,100 --> 05:36:50,700
that smells of herbs and heated 
olive oil, The Physician works 

6080
05:36:50,700 --> 05:36:53,100
at a table covered with small 
ceramic vessels. 

6081
05:36:53,100 --> 05:36:56,900
Each containing different 
preparations some pure oil 

6082
05:36:56,900 --> 05:36:59,300
others. 
Infused with plant materials 

6083
05:36:59,300 --> 05:37:02,200
whose properties have been 
observed and catalogued through 

6084
05:37:02,200 --> 05:37:06,000
generations of practice the 
doctors hands move with the 

6085
05:37:06,000 --> 05:37:08,200
confidence of someone who's 
performed these preparations. 

6086
05:37:08,200 --> 05:37:13,200
Thousands of Times measuring by.
I adjusting proportions based on

6087
05:37:13,200 --> 05:37:16,100
factors that have more to do 
with intuition than formula. 

6088
05:37:16,100 --> 05:37:19,700
A patient sits nearby. 
An older man, with joint pain 

6089
05:37:19,700 --> 05:37:23,900
that worsens each winter, The 
Physician warms olive oil in a 

6090
05:37:23,900 --> 05:37:27,400
shallow bronze pan, held over a 
small Brazier monitoring 

6091
05:37:27,400 --> 05:37:31,000
temperature by testing drops on 
the back of one hand, when the 

6092
05:37:31,000 --> 05:37:34,300
oil reaches the right warmth, 
hot enough to fill therapeutic, 

6093
05:37:34,300 --> 05:37:36,900
but not burning. 
The Physician applies it to the 

6094
05:37:36,900 --> 05:37:41,100
patient's knees, working the oil
into the skin with firm circular

6095
05:37:41,100 --> 05:37:43,800
motions. 
The patient's expression shifts 

6096
05:37:43,800 --> 05:37:47,600
from discomfort to relief as 
warmth penetrates into joints. 

6097
05:37:48,300 --> 05:37:51,600
The oil carrying heat deeper 
than it would penetrate alone. 

6098
05:37:51,600 --> 05:37:56,300
The masses for perhaps, 20 
minutes, the Physicians hands 

6099
05:37:56,300 --> 05:38:00,000
never pausing, when maintaining 
constant contact with skin that 

6100
05:38:00,000 --> 05:38:03,900
gradually pink from increased 
blood flow, more oil gets added 

6101
05:38:03,900 --> 05:38:06,200
as the first application of 
absorbs into the skin. 

6102
05:38:06,200 --> 05:38:10,400
The physician using far more 
than you'd expect believe that 

6103
05:38:10,400 --> 05:38:13,600
generous amounts work better 
than conservative applications. 

6104
05:38:13,600 --> 05:38:15,600
The excess doesn't bother 
anyone. 

6105
05:38:15,600 --> 05:38:19,100
What doesn't absorb will be 
wiped away and the oil will be 

6106
05:38:19,100 --> 05:38:21,200
transferred to cloths. 
That will later be used for 

6107
05:38:21,200 --> 05:38:24,600
other purposes. 
Nothing goes to waste on the 

6108
05:38:24,600 --> 05:38:27,100
table. 
Another preparation Waits olive 

6109
05:38:27,100 --> 05:38:29,700
oil, infused with camera Mill, 
lavender and something else. 

6110
05:38:29,700 --> 05:38:32,300
You don't recognize the 
physician explains. 

6111
05:38:32,300 --> 05:38:34,700
That this mixer helps with sleep
trouble's. 

6112
05:38:34,700 --> 05:38:37,500
The herbs properties carried 
into the body, through skin 

6113
05:38:37,500 --> 05:38:41,100
absorption, your skeptical about
herbs, affecting sleep through 

6114
05:38:41,100 --> 05:38:44,500
topical application, but the 
physician insists that patients 

6115
05:38:44,500 --> 05:38:47,400
report better rest after evening
massagers with this particular 

6116
05:38:47,400 --> 05:38:49,400
blend. 
Whether it works through 

6117
05:38:49,400 --> 05:38:52,600
absorption or simply because 
warm oil massage, relaxes 

6118
05:38:52,600 --> 05:38:55,900
people, the results seems 
consistent enough to justify the

6119
05:38:55,900 --> 05:38:59,500
preparations, existence, a 
younger woman arrives with a 

6120
05:38:59,500 --> 05:39:02,700
skin condition. 
Patches of dry flaking skin on 

6121
05:39:02,700 --> 05:39:06,500
her arms that itch constantly. 
The Physician examines the 

6122
05:39:06,500 --> 05:39:10,200
affected areas then reaches for 
a jar of olive oil, mixed with 

6123
05:39:10,200 --> 05:39:13,100
beeswax and something that 
smells faintly of pine. 

6124
05:39:13,100 --> 05:39:16,700
This preparation has the 
consistency of soft butter. 

6125
05:39:17,600 --> 05:39:20,700
Spreading easily but staying 
where it's applied, rather than 

6126
05:39:20,700 --> 05:39:23,200
running off skin. 
The Physician applies it 

6127
05:39:23,208 --> 05:39:26,600
generously to the affected 
areas, explaining that the oil, 

6128
05:39:26,600 --> 05:39:30,000
softens the skin, while the wax 
creates a barrier that prevents 

6129
05:39:30,000 --> 05:39:33,300
moisture loss, the pine 
component collected as resin. 

6130
05:39:33,300 --> 05:39:36,900
From local trees helps reduce 
inflammation through mechanisms.

6131
05:39:36,900 --> 05:39:39,800
The Physician doesn't fully 
understand but as observed 

6132
05:39:39,800 --> 05:39:43,100
countless times, you watch The 
Physician, prepare a wound 

6133
05:39:43,100 --> 05:39:46,000
dressing for someone who burned 
their hand in a cooking fire. 

6134
05:39:46,900 --> 05:39:49,600
A clean cloth gets soaked in 
olive oil and then wrapped 

6135
05:39:49,600 --> 05:39:51,700
around the injury after cleaning
the oil. 

6136
05:39:51,700 --> 05:39:54,600
Soaked bandage keeps air from 
reaching the burned, skin 

6137
05:39:54,600 --> 05:39:58,400
reducing pain and preventing the
wound from drying into hard. 

6138
05:39:58,400 --> 05:40:00,400
Scabs that might crack and 
reopen. 

6139
05:40:00,400 --> 05:40:03,000
The Physician changes, the 
dressing daily. 

6140
05:40:03,000 --> 05:40:06,800
Each time applying fresh oil 
maintaining the wound in a moist

6141
05:40:06,800 --> 05:40:09,600
environment that promotes 
healing modern medicine. 

6142
05:40:09,600 --> 05:40:12,600
Will eventually prove this 
treatment effective though the 

6143
05:40:12,600 --> 05:40:15,200
Physicians great great 
grandchildren won't live long 

6144
05:40:15,200 --> 05:40:19,300
enough to see that validation in
the corner, large storage jars. 

6145
05:40:19,300 --> 05:40:23,000
Hold olive oil Reserve 
specifically for medical use not

6146
05:40:23,000 --> 05:40:27,300
necessarily the finest pressing 
but clean oil from healthy fruit

6147
05:40:27,300 --> 05:40:30,600
free of the rancidity. 
That develops and poorly stored 

6148
05:40:30,600 --> 05:40:34,600
supplies, The Physician checks, 
the stores regularly ensuring 

6149
05:40:34,600 --> 05:40:37,400
sufficient quantity, to handle. 
The regular stream of patients. 

6150
05:40:37,400 --> 05:40:40,100
Who arrive seeking treatment for
ailments? 

6151
05:40:40,100 --> 05:40:43,600
Ranging from minor skin. 
Irritations to serious injuries 

6152
05:40:43,600 --> 05:40:48,000
during epidemic years oil 
consumption in Is dramatically 

6153
05:40:48,000 --> 05:40:51,200
as the physician treats more 
patience than usual, applying 

6154
05:40:51,200 --> 05:40:53,800
oil. 
To Fever hot skin mixing it with

6155
05:40:53,800 --> 05:40:57,400
medicines that need a carrier 
base and using it to prevent bed

6156
05:40:57,400 --> 05:41:01,800
sores in patients too, weak to 
move a shelf, holds specialized 

6157
05:41:01,800 --> 05:41:05,600
tools bronze instruments for 
scraping oil from skin after 

6158
05:41:05,600 --> 05:41:10,100
massages, small cups for mixing 
preparations, mortars for 

6159
05:41:10,100 --> 05:41:13,700
grinding herbs, that will be 
infused into oil and delicate 

6160
05:41:13,700 --> 05:41:16,500
measuring spoons. 
That allow precise dosing when 

6161
05:41:16,500 --> 05:41:20,000
patients need specific amounts 
of medicated preparations. 

6162
05:41:20,000 --> 05:41:24,000
Each tool shows the wearer of 
regular use bronzer Services 

6163
05:41:24,000 --> 05:41:28,000
Polished by countless cleaning 
and ceramic mortars stained from

6164
05:41:28,000 --> 05:41:31,300
different herb. 
Mixtures, this is a working 

6165
05:41:31,300 --> 05:41:35,000
space, not decorative. 
Every item is present because it

6166
05:41:35,000 --> 05:41:38,700
serves a practical purpose. 
The Physician prepares an oil 

6167
05:41:38,708 --> 05:41:42,300
mixture for you to take home 
explaining, its use for minor 

6168
05:41:42,300 --> 05:41:45,700
cuts and scrapes. 
The base is pure olive oil with 

6169
05:41:45,700 --> 05:41:48,100
small amounts of crushed garlic 
for its antibacterial 

6170
05:41:48,100 --> 05:41:51,200
properties, and honey for wound 
sealing. 

6171
05:41:51,200 --> 05:41:55,800
The mix just smells pungent but 
not unpleasant and the physician

6172
05:41:55,800 --> 05:41:57,600
assures. 
You it prevents the festering 

6173
05:41:57,600 --> 05:42:00,100
that turns minor injuries into 
serious problems. 

6174
05:42:00,100 --> 05:42:02,200
You'll use it. 
Whenever someone in your 

6175
05:42:02,208 --> 05:42:05,500
household suffers a cut, 
applying it twice daily until 

6176
05:42:05,500 --> 05:42:08,100
healing completes. 
The preparation will last 

6177
05:42:08,100 --> 05:42:10,400
months. 
If stored properly, the olive 

6178
05:42:10,400 --> 05:42:13,500
oil preventing bacterial growth 
in the honey, garlic mixture 

6179
05:42:13,500 --> 05:42:16,600
through mechanisms. 
Nobody will understand for 

6180
05:42:16,600 --> 05:42:19,200
another 2000 years before 
leaving. 

6181
05:42:19,200 --> 05:42:23,200
You notice the Physicians own 
hands, smooth, Supple, and 

6182
05:42:23,200 --> 05:42:25,500
showing none of the roughness. 
You'd expect from someone who 

6183
05:42:25,508 --> 05:42:27,700
works. 
Constantly, The Physician 

6184
05:42:27,700 --> 05:42:29,800
catches your glance and holds up
both hands. 

6185
05:42:30,800 --> 05:42:33,500
Straightening skin that seems 
younger than the face of it. 

6186
05:42:34,300 --> 05:42:38,000
The secret is simple. 
Constant contact with olive oil,

6187
05:42:38,000 --> 05:42:41,800
han soaking in it daily, through
the work of treating others. 

6188
05:42:41,800 --> 05:42:45,200
The oil penetrates so deeply. 
And so regularly that The 

6189
05:42:45,200 --> 05:42:48,200
Physician Skin maintains 
flexibility, that people 

6190
05:42:48,200 --> 05:42:49,900
decades. 
Young might envy. 

6191
05:42:49,900 --> 05:42:54,300
It's not occupational benefit 
unintended but welcome, that 

6192
05:42:54,300 --> 05:42:57,100
makes the Physicians hands 
themselves and advertisement for

6193
05:42:57,100 --> 05:43:00,700
oils properties. 
You head to the public baths 

6194
05:43:00,700 --> 05:43:02,500
next. 
A routine that says as much 

6195
05:43:02,508 --> 05:43:06,000
about social connection as 
hygiene, the bath complex is 

6196
05:43:06,000 --> 05:43:08,400
entrance area smells powerfully 
of olive oil. 

6197
05:43:08,400 --> 05:43:12,300
The scent intensified by heat 
and humidity drifting from the 

6198
05:43:12,300 --> 05:43:15,800
bathing rooms Beyond attendance.
Stand, ready with bronze, 

6199
05:43:15,800 --> 05:43:19,200
implements and ceramic vessels 
prepared to perform the scraping

6200
05:43:19,200 --> 05:43:21,000
ritual. 
That's become Central to bathing

6201
05:43:21,000 --> 05:43:23,200
culture. 
You pass through to the changing

6202
05:43:23,200 --> 05:43:25,700
room, storing clothes in a cubby
while trying to remember which 

6203
05:43:25,700 --> 05:43:29,900
number your belongings occupy. 
The warm room comes first with a

6204
05:43:29,908 --> 05:43:32,300
temperature, comfortable enough 
to begin sweating without 

6205
05:43:32,300 --> 05:43:35,200
shocking the system and 
attendant approaches with a 

6206
05:43:35,200 --> 05:43:38,300
ceramic vessel of olive oil 
offering to perform the full 

6207
05:43:38,300 --> 05:43:41,200
cleansing ritual, you agree. 
And the attendant begins 

6208
05:43:41,200 --> 05:43:43,300
applying oil generously across 
your skin. 

6209
05:43:43,300 --> 05:43:47,600
Arms legs back chest using 
enough that it runs in small 

6210
05:43:47,600 --> 05:43:49,600
rivulets before being spread 
more evenly. 

6211
05:43:49,600 --> 05:43:53,700
The oil sits on skin without 
immediately absorbing creating a

6212
05:43:53,700 --> 05:43:55,600
slick barrier between you and 
the world. 

6213
05:43:55,600 --> 05:43:58,800
The warms heat increases your 
Skin's temperature. 

6214
05:43:58,800 --> 05:44:02,600
Gradually opening pause and 
encouraging perspiration. 

6215
05:44:02,600 --> 05:44:06,400
That mixes with the olive oil 
coating your body after perhaps 

6216
05:44:06,400 --> 05:44:10,800
15 minutes, when sweaters begun 
flowing, freely, the attendant 

6217
05:44:10,800 --> 05:44:14,800
returns with a spiritual. 
A curved bronze Blade with a 

6218
05:44:14,800 --> 05:44:18,700
handle designed specifically, 
for scraping oil and dirt from 

6219
05:44:18,700 --> 05:44:21,100
skin. 
The scraping process looks 

6220
05:44:21,100 --> 05:44:25,400
violent, but feel surprisingly 
Pleasant the blade removing oil 

6221
05:44:25,400 --> 05:44:27,300
dead. 
Skin cells sweat. 

6222
05:44:27,900 --> 05:44:31,400
And accumulated Grime in long 
strokes that leave Clean Skin 

6223
05:44:31,400 --> 05:44:33,900
behind. 
You watch the mixture of oil and

6224
05:44:33,900 --> 05:44:36,000
remove material collect at the 
struggles. 

6225
05:44:36,000 --> 05:44:39,700
Edge, forming a gray-brown 
substance, that's promptly wiped

6226
05:44:39,700 --> 05:44:42,600
onto a cloth. 
After each pass the attendant 

6227
05:44:42,600 --> 05:44:44,700
Works. 
Methodically covering every 

6228
05:44:44,700 --> 05:44:48,200
accessible area, occasionally, 
adding more oil, where skin 

6229
05:44:48,200 --> 05:44:52,100
seems dry the scraping removes 
far more than you expected 

6230
05:44:52,100 --> 05:44:55,100
revealing skin. 
That looks brighter, feels 

6231
05:44:55,100 --> 05:44:57,500
smoother and seems to Glow with 
health. 

6232
05:44:57,500 --> 05:45:00,700
That wasn't visible before. 
This is cleaning through oil, 

6233
05:45:00,700 --> 05:45:05,500
paradoxical using fat, to remove
fat relying on olive oils, 

6234
05:45:05,500 --> 05:45:07,500
ability to dissolve the oils and
grime. 

6235
05:45:07,500 --> 05:45:11,800
That water alone can't touch 
after the scraping completes a 

6236
05:45:11,800 --> 05:45:15,300
rinse with clean water removes. 
Any remaining oil though, some 

6237
05:45:15,300 --> 05:45:19,100
inevitably stays absorbed into 
skin providing moisturizing 

6238
05:45:19,100 --> 05:45:22,000
benefits that will last for 
days, you move through the 

6239
05:45:22,000 --> 05:45:25,800
progressively hotter rooms, then
to the cold plunge, a 

6240
05:45:25,800 --> 05:45:28,400
temperature shock closing, pause
that the warm Rooms opened 

6241
05:45:28,400 --> 05:45:32,600
throughout the process. 
Olive oil remains present in 

6242
05:45:32,600 --> 05:45:36,600
lamps, providing light in the 
massage oil and attendant offers

6243
05:45:36,600 --> 05:45:39,700
for an additional fee. 
And in the preparation, people 

6244
05:45:39,700 --> 05:45:43,600
apply to their hair to maintain 
shine and manageability leaving 

6245
05:45:43,600 --> 05:45:46,000
the bars. 
Your skin feels different than 

6246
05:45:46,000 --> 05:45:50,000
when you arrived. 
Softer cleaner and somehow More 

6247
05:45:50,000 --> 05:45:52,200
Alive. 
The olive oil treatment has 

6248
05:45:52,200 --> 05:45:55,900
removed layers of dead cells, 
stimulated circulation, and 

6249
05:45:55,900 --> 05:45:58,700
moisturized deeply enough that 
you won't need any additional 

6250
05:45:58,700 --> 05:46:02,000
treatment for days. 
This bathing ritual, practice, 

6251
05:46:02,000 --> 05:46:03,900
by millions across the Empire. 
Represent. 

6252
05:46:03,900 --> 05:46:08,200
Olive oils role in daily life, A
role so fundamental that 

6253
05:46:08,200 --> 05:46:10,500
imagining bathing without it 
seems impossible. 

6254
05:46:10,500 --> 05:46:14,100
Future Generations will use soap
and will shower under running 

6255
05:46:14,100 --> 05:46:17,100
water, but they'll lose 
something in the process, the 

6256
05:46:17,100 --> 05:46:19,800
ritual, intimacy with oil, 
that's made skin care. 

6257
05:46:19,800 --> 05:46:23,300
A meditative practice, rather 
than a rushed necessity. 

6258
05:46:23,300 --> 05:46:27,000
Your standing on a dock were 
cargo ships arrive from distant 

6259
05:46:27,000 --> 05:46:29,500
ports. 
Their holds filled with trade 

6260
05:46:29,500 --> 05:46:32,400
goods that represent the 
economic life, blood of Maritime

6261
05:46:32,400 --> 05:46:36,600
Commerce, among the crates and 
bundles, one type of container 

6262
05:46:36,600 --> 05:46:41,000
dominates, the amphora, a clay 
vessel designed specifically for

6263
05:46:41,000 --> 05:46:44,800
transporting olive oil across 
Seas these in four East stand 

6264
05:46:44,800 --> 05:46:48,200
taller than a child with pointed
bottoms that make them useless 

6265
05:46:48,200 --> 05:46:52,400
for setting on flat surfaces but
perfect for securing and ship 

6266
05:46:52,408 --> 05:46:56,200
holds their shape has evolved 
over centuries toward maximum 

6267
05:46:56,200 --> 05:47:00,700
efficiency holding approximately
25 liters while remaining light 

6268
05:47:00,700 --> 05:47:04,200
enough for a single person to 
carry when full longshoreman 

6269
05:47:04,200 --> 05:47:08,600
work in teams, moving amp3 from 
ship to dock using techniques 

6270
05:47:08,600 --> 05:47:12,600
that minimize breakage One 
worker positions himself in the 

6271
05:47:12,600 --> 05:47:15,300
ship's. 
Hold hoisting amp3 to a second 

6272
05:47:15,308 --> 05:47:18,700
worker standing at the rail, who
passes them to a third on the 

6273
05:47:18,708 --> 05:47:21,900
dock, the amphi, never touched 
ground during this transfer 

6274
05:47:21,900 --> 05:47:24,400
always held by someone or 
leaning against something. 

6275
05:47:24,400 --> 05:47:27,400
They're pointed bottoms making 
them tip immediately. 

6276
05:47:27,400 --> 05:47:31,900
If released this instability is 
intentional, it forces careful. 

6277
05:47:31,900 --> 05:47:35,100
Handling reducing the Casual 
roughness, that breaks 

6278
05:47:35,100 --> 05:47:38,200
containers and Spills valuable 
contents. 

6279
05:47:38,200 --> 05:47:42,100
Each M4 are best stamps pressed 
into its clay handles before 

6280
05:47:42,100 --> 05:47:45,400
firing marks. 
Identifying the producer, the 

6281
05:47:45,400 --> 05:47:48,700
origin estate, and sometimes 
even the specific year of 

6282
05:47:48,700 --> 05:47:53,500
pressing, these stamp servers 
quality guarantees reputations 

6283
05:47:53,500 --> 05:47:56,600
distilled into small symbols 
that buyers learn to recognize 

6284
05:47:56,600 --> 05:47:59,500
and am four us. 
Stamped with certain marks 

6285
05:47:59,500 --> 05:48:03,600
commands premium prices because 
everyone knows those producers 

6286
05:48:03,600 --> 05:48:08,800
Harvest early press carefully 
and store properly. other stamps

6287
05:48:08,800 --> 05:48:12,300
indicate, bulk oils suitable for
lamps or soap making rather than

6288
05:48:12,300 --> 05:48:16,500
direct consumption entire system
relies on reputation because 

6289
05:48:16,500 --> 05:48:20,700
there's no way to test oil 
quality before purchasing except

6290
05:48:20,700 --> 05:48:24,600
by trusting the stamps, If you 
watch a merchant examining amp 

6291
05:48:24,600 --> 05:48:27,900
for a just unloaded from a ship 
that arrived from somewhere in 

6292
05:48:27,900 --> 05:48:32,000
Greece, the merchant inspects 
seals on each vessel ensuring 

6293
05:48:32,000 --> 05:48:35,400
they haven't been broken during 
transport checking for cracks in

6294
05:48:35,408 --> 05:48:38,100
the clay that might indicate 
spoilage from seawater 

6295
05:48:38,100 --> 05:48:41,300
infiltration 1 and 4. 
Shower shows a small crack near 

6296
05:48:41,300 --> 05:48:44,500
the bottom and the merchant sets
it aside for immediate use 

6297
05:48:44,500 --> 05:48:47,800
knowing it won't survive 
further, transport, or extended 

6298
05:48:47,800 --> 05:48:52,000
storage, the oil inside remains 
good, but the container has 

6299
05:48:52,000 --> 05:48:54,300
become a liability rather than 
an asset. 

6300
05:48:55,300 --> 05:48:58,300
Prices fluctuate, based on 
information that flows through 

6301
05:48:58,300 --> 05:49:01,700
the same shipping lanes. 
As the oil itself would arrives 

6302
05:49:01,700 --> 05:49:05,100
that the harvest fail in one 
region an immediately and 4i 

6303
05:49:05,100 --> 05:49:08,400
from that area become more 
valuable News of bumper crops 

6304
05:49:08,400 --> 05:49:11,800
elsewhere, suppresses prices for
oil from successful regions 

6305
05:49:11,800 --> 05:49:16,300
pirates, captured a convoy last 
month and the lost cargo creates

6306
05:49:16,300 --> 05:49:18,800
temporary scarcity that drives 
up values. 

6307
05:49:19,600 --> 05:49:22,600
This price instability means 
Merchants who can store oil 

6308
05:49:22,600 --> 05:49:26,600
safely through lean periods. 
Make fortunes by selling when 

6309
05:49:26,600 --> 05:49:29,700
Supply Titans in a warehouse 
behind the docks. 

6310
05:49:29,700 --> 05:49:33,000
Thousands of amphi. 
Stand in organized rows, each 

6311
05:49:33,000 --> 05:49:36,700
marked with information about 
contents, origin, and arrival 

6312
05:49:36,700 --> 05:49:39,900
date the warehouse keeper 
maintains careful, records 

6313
05:49:39,900 --> 05:49:43,200
knowing exactly. 
Which oils are aging well and 

6314
05:49:43,200 --> 05:49:45,700
which should be sold quickly 
before they turn ranted. 

6315
05:49:46,600 --> 05:49:50,100
Some oils improve with time 
developing complexity that young

6316
05:49:50,100 --> 05:49:53,600
pressing lacks others Peak 
immediately and declines 

6317
05:49:53,600 --> 05:49:56,200
steadily. 
The warehouse Keepers expertise 

6318
05:49:56,200 --> 05:49:59,800
lies in understanding these 
differences in knowing which amp

6319
05:49:59,800 --> 05:50:01,600
3 to hold and which to 
liquidate. 

6320
05:50:02,200 --> 05:50:04,900
You follow a convoy of carts 
loaded with them for a heading 

6321
05:50:04,900 --> 05:50:09,200
Inland from the port the carts 
move slowly drivers careful to 

6322
05:50:09,200 --> 05:50:11,500
avoid jolts that might crack 
clay vessels. 

6323
05:50:11,500 --> 05:50:15,700
The road itself is surprisingly 
smooth maintaining trade routes 

6324
05:50:15,700 --> 05:50:18,900
benefits everyone. 
So communities along major roads

6325
05:50:18,900 --> 05:50:21,900
dedicate substantial resources 
to repairs and improvements 

6326
05:50:21,900 --> 05:50:25,200
without good roads. 
And for a transport becomes 

6327
05:50:25,200 --> 05:50:27,400
prohibitively expensive due to 
breakage. 

6328
05:50:27,400 --> 05:50:31,500
So Road quality directly affects
olive oil prices in Inland 

6329
05:50:31,500 --> 05:50:34,700
markets. 
At a weigh station You observe 

6330
05:50:34,700 --> 05:50:37,800
the careful process of unloading
and free for overnight storage. 

6331
05:50:37,800 --> 05:50:41,600
Each vessel gets checked for 
leaks then positioned upright in

6332
05:50:41,600 --> 05:50:43,500
Southfield boxes that hold them 
steady. 

6333
05:50:44,400 --> 05:50:47,200
The sand absorbs any seepage 
while providing cushioning 

6334
05:50:47,200 --> 05:50:51,000
against accidental impacts this 
attention to detail throughout 

6335
05:50:51,000 --> 05:50:53,900
the supply chain represents the 
difference between profitable 

6336
05:50:53,900 --> 05:50:57,500
and unprofitable trade. 
Oil that reaches markets and 

6337
05:50:57,500 --> 05:51:01,300
good conditions sells. 
Well oil that arrives rancid or 

6338
05:51:01,300 --> 05:51:05,000
leaked away represents pure loss
a merchant your traveling with 

6339
05:51:05,000 --> 05:51:09,000
explains the economics an 
amphora of Premium oil cost them

6340
05:51:09,000 --> 05:51:12,800
40 dinar at the port. 
Transport inland will cost 

6341
05:51:12,800 --> 05:51:16,800
another 10 if they reach the 
destination city without losses 

6342
05:51:16,800 --> 05:51:22,100
they can sell for 70, denarii a 
healthy but not excessive profit

6343
05:51:22,100 --> 05:51:25,000
that rewards the risk and effort
of moving goods from coast to 

6344
05:51:25,000 --> 05:51:27,500
Interior. 
But if half the amp for a break 

6345
05:51:27,500 --> 05:51:31,000
during transport, the profitable
Venture becomes a disaster. 

6346
05:51:32,000 --> 05:51:35,500
This calculation drives every 
decision about which roads to 

6347
05:51:35,500 --> 05:51:39,900
take how fast to travel and how 
much to pay for Quality carts 

6348
05:51:39,900 --> 05:51:43,200
and experienced drivers. 
You pass a broken amp for by the

6349
05:51:43,200 --> 05:51:45,900
roadside its contents long. 
Since soaked into the Earth 

6350
05:51:45,900 --> 05:51:48,900
leaving only Pottery shards and 
a dark stain. 

6351
05:51:48,900 --> 05:51:51,500
The merchant points to it as a 
cautionary tale. 

6352
05:51:51,500 --> 05:51:55,100
Someone tried to save money with
cheaper containers or fast to 

6353
05:51:55,100 --> 05:51:56,200
travel. 
And this is the result. 

6354
05:51:56,200 --> 05:51:59,700
The broken m4a, likely 
represented, someone's profit, 

6355
05:51:59,700 --> 05:52:03,100
margin for an entire shipment, 
the Lost enough to make the 

6356
05:52:03,100 --> 05:52:06,800
difference between success and 
failure for a small Merchants 

6357
05:52:06,800 --> 05:52:09,900
yearly Ventures. 
Had a market in an inland City. 

6358
05:52:09,900 --> 05:52:13,800
You watch the final step of the 
journey and for a being opened 

6359
05:52:13,800 --> 05:52:16,800
for the first time since sealing
months, earlier at Mediterranean

6360
05:52:16,800 --> 05:52:20,800
Coastal, Estates a merchant 
breaks, the wax, seal carefully 

6361
05:52:20,800 --> 05:52:24,200
then extracts the place stopper,
immediately smelling the 

6362
05:52:24,200 --> 05:52:28,600
contents to verify quality. 
Good oil, smells fruity and 

6363
05:52:28,600 --> 05:52:33,000
fresh despite its Journey. 
Poor oil reeks of rancidity, of 

6364
05:52:33,000 --> 05:52:34,900
oxidation. 
That's turned fats into 

6365
05:52:34,908 --> 05:52:37,100
compounds that tastes as bad as 
they smell. 

6366
05:52:38,100 --> 05:52:41,000
The merchants nose determines 
whether an amp for his contents 

6367
05:52:41,000 --> 05:52:44,700
will be sold as food grade oil 
or diverted to Industrial uses 

6368
05:52:44,700 --> 05:52:48,800
some amphi contain oil, that's 
traveled unbelievable distances 

6369
05:52:48,800 --> 05:52:52,600
from Groves in North Africa, 
from States in Spain. 

6370
05:52:52,600 --> 05:52:55,900
And from Ireland, in the 
Eastern, Mediterranean each 

6371
05:52:55,900 --> 05:52:58,400
Ampharos. 
Stamped tells a story of climate

6372
05:52:58,400 --> 05:53:01,100
and soil and production, 
methods, specific to its origin.

6373
05:53:01,100 --> 05:53:04,300
The diversity of available, in 
large City Markets would have 

6374
05:53:04,300 --> 05:53:06,400
been unimaginable, a few 
Generations early. 

6375
05:53:07,400 --> 05:53:10,600
Before Maritime trade, networks 
integrated, Olive producing 

6376
05:53:10,600 --> 05:53:14,700
regions in to a single economy. 
Now, you can taste oil from a 

6377
05:53:14,700 --> 05:53:16,800
dozen different regions in a 
single afternoon. 

6378
05:53:16,800 --> 05:53:19,800
Comparing flavors that reflect 
tailor. 

6379
05:53:19,800 --> 05:53:23,200
As distinctly as wines were 
later, demonstrate the merchant 

6380
05:53:23,200 --> 05:53:26,900
who opened the M4 offers taste 
to potential buyers pouring 

6381
05:53:26,900 --> 05:53:30,600
small amounts in clay cups. 
People taste thoughtfully 

6382
05:53:30,600 --> 05:53:34,300
letting the oil coat, their 
mouths paying attention to the 

6383
05:53:34,300 --> 05:53:36,900
finish. 
And after taste, some spit after

6384
05:53:36,900 --> 05:53:40,200
tasting, saving their appetite 
for food rather than consuming 

6385
05:53:40,200 --> 05:53:44,500
oil directly others swallow, 
appreciating oils that are good 

6386
05:53:44,508 --> 05:53:48,300
enough to enjoy By The Spoonful,
the tasting process resembles 

6387
05:53:48,300 --> 05:53:52,300
later, wine, cultures formality,
With its own vocabulary for 

6388
05:53:52,300 --> 05:53:54,300
describing qualities that 
separate. 

6389
05:53:54,300 --> 05:53:58,100
Excellent from merely adequate. 
You purchase an amphora of oil 

6390
05:53:58,100 --> 05:54:00,600
from somewhere. 
You've never visited trusting 

6391
05:54:00,600 --> 05:54:02,600
the stamps and the merchants 
reputation. 

6392
05:54:02,600 --> 05:54:05,900
The pointed bottom means, you'll
need to find a stand to hold it.

6393
05:54:05,900 --> 05:54:09,900
Upright in your home or sync it 
into sand in a storage room or 

6394
05:54:09,900 --> 05:54:12,500
lay it on its side in a rack 
designed for that purpose. 

6395
05:54:12,500 --> 05:54:15,900
The awkward shape that may 
transport efficient now becomes 

6396
05:54:15,900 --> 05:54:19,000
your problem, a puzzle to solve 
before you can access the 

6397
05:54:19,000 --> 05:54:21,900
contents. 
But once solved this and four 

6398
05:54:21,900 --> 05:54:25,700
will provide oil for your 
household for weeks or months, a

6399
05:54:25,700 --> 05:54:28,500
connection to distant Grove's 
and foreign hands that press 

6400
05:54:28,500 --> 05:54:32,100
these Olive sealed. 
This container and sent it off 

6401
05:54:32,100 --> 05:54:35,700
on a journey that ends in your 
home, your standing in a temple 

6402
05:54:35,700 --> 05:54:39,700
where olive oils roll transcends
practical, utility entering the 

6403
05:54:39,700 --> 05:54:43,400
realm of the Sacred, the S 
smells of burning oil from 

6404
05:54:43,400 --> 05:54:46,800
dozens of lamps, but also a 
fragrant oils prepared, 

6405
05:54:46,800 --> 05:54:51,200
specifically, for religious 
purposes olive oil in, Used with

6406
05:54:51,200 --> 05:54:54,900
myrrh, frankincense speaker nard
and other precious substances. 

6407
05:54:54,900 --> 05:55:00,300
That transform it from cooking 
fat to Holy ointment a priest 

6408
05:55:00,300 --> 05:55:03,500
prepares for evening, rituals 
checking, that Eternal Flame 

6409
05:55:03,500 --> 05:55:07,600
still burn that oil reserves 
remain, sufficient and that the 

6410
05:55:07,600 --> 05:55:09,600
sacred objects. 
Requiring anointing have 

6411
05:55:09,600 --> 05:55:11,500
received their regular 
applications. 

6412
05:55:11,500 --> 05:55:15,700
The Eternal Flame occupies, the 
Temple Central position burning 

6413
05:55:15,700 --> 05:55:19,300
in a special lamp that's never 
allowed to extinguish this lamp 

6414
05:55:19,300 --> 05:55:22,400
holds the finest. 
Olive oil changed daily to 

6415
05:55:22,400 --> 05:55:25,500
ensure Purity. 
Tended by priests whose primary 

6416
05:55:25,500 --> 05:55:29,000
duty is maintaining its Flame. 
The theological, implications 

6417
05:55:29,000 --> 05:55:33,700
Run, Deep light itself, 
represents divine presence and 

6418
05:55:33,700 --> 05:55:37,500
olive oil fuels that presents. 
Making it a medium through which

6419
05:55:37,500 --> 05:55:39,600
the sacred enters the physical 
world. 

6420
05:55:39,600 --> 05:55:43,400
When priests light lamps from 
the Eternal Flame, they're not 

6421
05:55:43,408 --> 05:55:46,500
just providing illumination. 
But propagating, Holiness, 

6422
05:55:46,500 --> 05:55:51,700
Through Fire fed by blessed oil.
Ceremony begins as a family 

6423
05:55:51,700 --> 05:55:53,700
arrives with their infant for 
dedication. 

6424
05:55:53,700 --> 05:55:57,300
Rituals the priest Springs out a
small golden vessel. 

6425
05:55:57,300 --> 05:56:01,100
Containing anointing oil olive 
oil blessed through prayers and 

6426
05:56:01,100 --> 05:56:04,300
mixed with aromatic compounds 
worth more per ounce than gold 

6427
05:56:04,300 --> 05:56:07,000
using a thumb. 
The priest marks, the infant 

6428
05:56:07,000 --> 05:56:10,500
forehead with the small Cross of
oil, Speaking words, that 

6429
05:56:10,500 --> 05:56:13,500
connect this child to 
generations of ancestors who 

6430
05:56:13,500 --> 05:56:17,700
received identical marks, the 
oil sits visibly on the Infant 

6431
05:56:17,700 --> 05:56:20,100
skin slowly absorbing carrying 
with it. 

6432
05:56:20,100 --> 05:56:21,600
Whatever. 
Properties. 

6433
05:56:21,600 --> 05:56:24,800
The blessing supposedly 
imparted, you watch, as the 

6434
05:56:24,808 --> 05:56:28,600
priest, anoints other objects, a
new altar cloth a restored 

6435
05:56:28,600 --> 05:56:32,600
section of Temple wall and a 
bronze Shield, dedicated by a 

6436
05:56:32,600 --> 05:56:34,700
successful. 
General each receives oil 

6437
05:56:34,700 --> 05:56:38,200
applied with specific prayers. 
The liquid itself becoming a 

6438
05:56:38,200 --> 05:56:39,400
vehicle for making common 
things. 

6439
05:56:39,400 --> 05:56:42,500
Holy the oil doesn't change 
physically from this treatment, 

6440
05:56:42,500 --> 05:56:45,300
but in every one's 
understanding, it changes 

6441
05:56:45,300 --> 05:56:48,600
essentially, becoming something 
more than pressed Olive. 

6442
05:56:48,600 --> 05:56:52,800
Even while remaining exactly 
that this dual nature 

6443
05:56:52,800 --> 05:56:57,300
simultaneously mundane and 
sacred makes olive oil uniquely 

6444
05:56:57,300 --> 05:57:01,000
suited for religious purposes. 
In a preparation room, you see 

6445
05:57:01,000 --> 05:57:02,800
the process of making sacred 
oil. 

6446
05:57:02,800 --> 05:57:06,900
The base is pure olive oil from 
the first pressing chosen for 

6447
05:57:06,900 --> 05:57:09,900
Quality that reflects the 
importance of its intended use 

6448
05:57:09,900 --> 05:57:14,300
to this base priests at Ground 
Cinema Casimir and other 

6449
05:57:14,300 --> 05:57:17,500
aromatic plants, mixing 
carefully, while reciting 

6450
05:57:17,500 --> 05:57:19,700
prayers meant to infuse. 
The blend with spiritual 

6451
05:57:19,700 --> 05:57:22,200
properties. 
The resulting oil, smells 

6452
05:57:22,200 --> 05:57:25,300
overwhelming complex, unlike 
anything used in daily life. 

6453
05:57:26,000 --> 05:57:30,100
Its cost per liter would feed a 
family for months, making lavish

6454
05:57:30,100 --> 05:57:33,900
use of it, a genuine sacrifice 
resources, directed toward 

6455
05:57:33,900 --> 05:57:36,400
Divine purposes, rather than 
human Comfort. 

6456
05:57:36,400 --> 05:57:40,700
A storage room holds m4a of 
sacred oil sealed, and marked, 

6457
05:57:40,700 --> 05:57:43,600
with symbols indicating their 
consecrated status. 

6458
05:57:43,600 --> 05:57:47,400
These oils are never used for 
cooking or lamps or any mundane 

6459
05:57:47,400 --> 05:57:50,900
purpose to do. 
So would be blasphemy a mixing 

6460
05:57:50,900 --> 05:57:53,900
of categories that must remain 
separate yet. 

6461
05:57:53,900 --> 05:57:57,200
They're still olive oil. 
Chemically identical to what 

6462
05:57:57,200 --> 05:57:58,900
fills kitchen jars throughout 
the city. 

6463
05:57:58,900 --> 05:58:02,300
The difference exists entirely 
in human intention and social 

6464
05:58:02,300 --> 05:58:04,600
agreement. 
No tests could distinguish, 

6465
05:58:04,600 --> 05:58:08,400
sacred from profane oil. 
This fact bothers no one. 

6466
05:58:08,400 --> 05:58:12,600
The distinction feels as real as
the oil itself during a wedding 

6467
05:58:12,600 --> 05:58:15,500
ceremony you watch the priests 
use oil to bless the couple 

6468
05:58:15,500 --> 05:58:18,100
marking their hands with 
fragrant oil. 

6469
05:58:18,100 --> 05:58:22,000
While pronouncing the joined the
oils presence in this ceremony 

6470
05:58:22,000 --> 05:58:26,600
isn't decorative, it represents 
Prosperity Divine, favor, and 

6471
05:58:26,600 --> 05:58:29,400
the hope that they are union 
will prove as fruitful as olive 

6472
05:58:29,400 --> 05:58:31,900
trees and his enduring as 
Groves. 

6473
05:58:31,900 --> 05:58:34,900
That outlive the humans, who 
plant them later, the couple 

6474
05:58:34,900 --> 05:58:37,200
will take home. 
A small vessel of blessed oil, 

6475
05:58:37,200 --> 05:58:40,800
keeping it in their household, 
as protection and a reminder of 

6476
05:58:40,800 --> 05:58:44,700
vows spoken before, Witnesses 
human, and divine, a funeral 

6477
05:58:44,700 --> 05:58:48,300
procession arrives and olive oil
plays, yet another role in this 

6478
05:58:48,300 --> 05:58:51,100
transition. 
The body has been Anointed with 

6479
05:58:51,100 --> 05:58:54,900
oil as part of preparation for 
burial, the oil preserving the 

6480
05:58:54,900 --> 05:58:58,700
flesh while symbolizing care and
respect for the deceased. 

6481
05:58:58,700 --> 05:59:02,800
Oil soaked, cloths wrap the body
maintaining moisture and 

6482
05:59:02,800 --> 05:59:05,600
preventing The Accelerated 
decomposition that would occur 

6483
05:59:05,600 --> 05:59:09,200
in dry are some of these oils 
are expensive with family. 

6484
05:59:09,200 --> 05:59:12,800
Spending significant portions of
their savings to ensure proper 

6485
05:59:12,800 --> 05:59:16,300
treatment of their dead. 
The smell of aromatic oils mixed

6486
05:59:16,300 --> 05:59:18,800
with human death creates an 
odor, both Pleasant and 

6487
05:59:18,800 --> 05:59:21,900
disturbing Beauty, and Decay 
into mingles. 

6488
05:59:21,900 --> 05:59:25,200
In a private room, the priest 
teachers and Associate, how to 

6489
05:59:25,200 --> 05:59:28,600
mix sacred oils, explaining 
proportions, and prayers. 

6490
05:59:28,600 --> 05:59:31,600
That must accompany the work 
this knowledge passes through 

6491
05:59:31,600 --> 05:59:36,000
oral tradition, mastered to 
student creating lineages of 

6492
05:59:36,000 --> 05:59:39,300
Specialists to understand both 
the Practical chemistry and 

6493
05:59:39,300 --> 05:59:41,800
ritual requirements of sacred 
oil production. 

6494
05:59:41,800 --> 05:59:45,400
The initiate watches carefully, 
memorizing not just what the 

6495
05:59:45,400 --> 05:59:50,100
priest does but how the specific
gestures and words that Hostly 

6496
05:59:50,100 --> 05:59:53,700
transform mixing into blessing 
years from now this initiate 

6497
05:59:53,700 --> 05:59:57,300
will teach another and the 
traditional continue olive oil 

6498
05:59:57,300 --> 06:00:00,600
linking Generations through 
unbroken chains of practice. 

6499
06:00:00,600 --> 06:00:04,800
You notice how much olive oil 
the temple consumes hundreds of 

6500
06:00:04,808 --> 06:00:08,500
liters monthly just for lamps 
dozens more for anointing and 

6501
06:00:08,500 --> 06:00:12,800
blessing and special reserves 
for major ceremonies maintaining

6502
06:00:12,800 --> 06:00:16,700
this consumption requires 
dedicated Olive Groves Estates 

6503
06:00:16,700 --> 06:00:19,500
that exists solely to supply 
religious institutions. 

6504
06:00:19,500 --> 06:00:22,800
The sacred Groves are managed. 
No differently than commercial 

6505
06:00:22,800 --> 06:00:25,800
ones. 
They're pruned harvested and 

6506
06:00:25,800 --> 06:00:28,500
pressed using identical methods 
yet. 

6507
06:00:28,500 --> 06:00:31,800
There are oil goes directly to 
Temples never entering normal 

6508
06:00:31,800 --> 06:00:35,800
Commerce creating a parallel 
economy of divine provision that

6509
06:00:35,800 --> 06:00:39,500
mirrors but never touches the 
secular oil trade as evening 

6510
06:00:39,500 --> 06:00:42,600
prayers conclude precured 
through the temple lighting 

6511
06:00:42,600 --> 06:00:47,100
additional lamps each flame 
representing a prayer a hope and

6512
06:00:47,100 --> 06:00:49,200
a connection between worshiper 
and divine. 

6513
06:00:49,500 --> 06:00:52,700
The practice creates a 
constellation of small lights 

6514
06:00:52,700 --> 06:00:57,100
100s of flames burning olive oil
while people kneel or stand in 

6515
06:00:57,100 --> 06:00:59,700
prayer. 
The visual effect is powerful 

6516
06:00:59,700 --> 06:01:03,900
Darkness pushed back by 
Collective effort each lamp an 

6517
06:01:03,900 --> 06:01:07,500
individual contribution to 
communal brightness without all 

6518
06:01:07,500 --> 06:01:09,300
of oil. 
This display would be impossible

6519
06:01:09,300 --> 06:01:13,100
without olive Grove's these 
temples would stand dark and 

6520
06:01:13,100 --> 06:01:16,000
silent. 
Walking home through Darkness 

6521
06:01:16,000 --> 06:01:18,500
held at Bay by oil. 
Lamps lining the streets. 

6522
06:01:18,500 --> 06:01:22,600
You reflect on how completely 
olive oil has woven itself into 

6523
06:01:22,600 --> 06:01:26,100
every aspect of life. 
It lights, your path, flavors 

6524
06:01:26,100 --> 06:01:30,100
your food, heals your injuries 
cleanses, your body connects 

6525
06:01:30,100 --> 06:01:33,100
distant regions through trade 
and links you to the Divine 

6526
06:01:33,100 --> 06:01:36,600
through sacred rituals. 
No, other substance touches so 

6527
06:01:36,600 --> 06:01:41,000
many domains serves so many 
purposes, and proved so 

6528
06:01:41,000 --> 06:01:44,300
essential while remaining. 
So humble, the Olive Tree 

6529
06:01:44,300 --> 06:01:48,600
itself, seems unremarkable, 
gnarled slow-growing and 

6530
06:01:48,600 --> 06:01:52,200
demanding little yet from its 
fruit flows civilizations, 

6531
06:01:52,200 --> 06:01:55,700
golden thread, Binding Together.
All the separate elements that 

6532
06:01:55,700 --> 06:01:57,500
make human life more than mere 
survival. 

6533
06:01:58,500 --> 06:02:01,300
Standing in a Grove that's 
witnessed the rise and fall of 

6534
06:02:01,300 --> 06:02:05,400
entire civilizations. 
Its oldest trees planted so long

6535
06:02:05,400 --> 06:02:08,200
ago that no records document 
their Origins. 

6536
06:02:08,200 --> 06:02:11,600
These ancient olives have felt 
the footsteps of people who 

6537
06:02:11,600 --> 06:02:15,400
spoke languages now lost who 
worshiped Gods whose names 

6538
06:02:15,400 --> 06:02:19,200
nobody remembers and who built 
cities that have eroded back 

6539
06:02:19,200 --> 06:02:22,200
into the hillside. 
They once crowned the trees 

6540
06:02:22,200 --> 06:02:25,700
remain still producing fruit in 
different to the human dramas 

6541
06:02:25,700 --> 06:02:28,800
that have played out beneath 
their branches an archaeologist 

6542
06:02:28,800 --> 06:02:31,800
working nearby explains that 
Olive pits found in local 

6543
06:02:31,800 --> 06:02:36,300
excavations date back 8,000 
years, meaning people have been 

6544
06:02:36,300 --> 06:02:39,900
harvesting these hillsides since
before Pottery before metal 

6545
06:02:39,900 --> 06:02:44,100
tools and before writing the 
relationship between humans and 

6546
06:02:44,100 --> 06:02:47,800
olives here predates 
civilization itself existing in 

6547
06:02:47,800 --> 06:02:51,400
some form through every era of 
human development from stone 

6548
06:02:51,400 --> 06:02:55,000
tools to satellite imagery The 
Groves your standing in might 

6549
06:02:55,000 --> 06:02:58,400
not be that ancient, but they 
descend from those first cult. 

6550
06:02:58,500 --> 06:03:02,600
In trees in an unbroken chain of
propagation that spans hundreds 

6551
06:03:02,600 --> 06:03:05,700
of generations. 
You run your hand along bark 

6552
06:03:05,700 --> 06:03:09,200
that feels like frozen time 
ridges and valleys recording 

6553
06:03:09,200 --> 06:03:11,900
Decades of growth in patterns as
unique as fingerprints. 

6554
06:03:13,200 --> 06:03:15,700
This particular tree is old 
enough, that three people 

6555
06:03:15,700 --> 06:03:18,000
linking hands couldn't encircle 
its trunk. 

6556
06:03:18,000 --> 06:03:20,200
Its Hollow interior could 
shelter. 

6557
06:03:20,200 --> 06:03:23,300
Several children during 
rainstorms yet, it produces 

6558
06:03:23,300 --> 06:03:27,500
fruit as reliably as trees a 
tenth its age, olive trees don't

6559
06:03:27,500 --> 06:03:31,300
age like other plants, they 
don't gradually weaken and die 

6560
06:03:31,300 --> 06:03:34,800
but simply grow thicker more 
nulled and more impossible 

6561
06:03:34,800 --> 06:03:36,500
looking while maintaining 
Vitality. 

6562
06:03:36,500 --> 06:03:39,800
That seems to contradict 
everything you understand about 

6563
06:03:39,800 --> 06:03:43,100
mortality, the archaeologists 
points out ancient stone. 

6564
06:03:43,100 --> 06:03:46,500
Terraces built to prevent soil 
erosion, their construction. 

6565
06:03:46,500 --> 06:03:49,900
So solid they still function 
centuries after the civilization

6566
06:03:49,900 --> 06:03:53,300
that built them vanished, these 
Terraces create level planting 

6567
06:03:53,300 --> 06:03:57,300
areas on slopes to steep 
agriculture catching rainwater 

6568
06:03:57,300 --> 06:04:00,500
and preserving topsoil, that 
would otherwise wash away during

6569
06:04:00,500 --> 06:04:03,500
winter storms. 
The labor involved in building 

6570
06:04:03,500 --> 06:04:07,100
them was enormous. 
Thousands of hours moving Stones

6571
06:04:07,100 --> 06:04:10,500
leveling ground and creating the
infrastructure necessary for 

6572
06:04:10,500 --> 06:04:12,500
Olive cultivation in challenging
Terrain. 

6573
06:04:13,300 --> 06:04:16,000
Yet the investment proved worth.
While over time frames that 

6574
06:04:16,000 --> 06:04:19,300
dwarf human life. 
Span's you notice evidence of 

6575
06:04:19,308 --> 06:04:23,000
ancient pressing operations. 
Circular depression's carved 

6576
06:04:23,000 --> 06:04:27,000
into Bedrock, where millstone's,
once turned channels that guided

6577
06:04:27,000 --> 06:04:30,500
oil from pressing platforms to 
collection vessels anchoring 

6578
06:04:30,500 --> 06:04:33,900
points for press beams. 
These installations function for

6579
06:04:33,900 --> 06:04:36,700
Generations before being 
abandoned when he economic 

6580
06:04:36,700 --> 06:04:40,400
conditions, shifted or 
population's declined, Now 

6581
06:04:40,400 --> 06:04:43,500
they're covered with moss and 
leaves slowly eroding. 

6582
06:04:43,500 --> 06:04:47,400
Their purpose obvious only to 
trained observers The Groves, 

6583
06:04:47,400 --> 06:04:50,900
they served continue producing 
indifferent to whether humans 

6584
06:04:50,900 --> 06:04:54,000
still press their fruit or leave
it to fall and wrote climate 

6585
06:04:54,000 --> 06:04:57,000
patterns, recorded in ice cores 
and Lake sediments reveal. 

6586
06:04:57,000 --> 06:04:59,600
That this region has experienced
dramatic changes. 

6587
06:04:59,600 --> 06:05:03,000
During the olive Groves. 
Existence periods of extreme 

6588
06:05:03,000 --> 06:05:05,400
drought should have killed these
trees yet. 

6589
06:05:05,400 --> 06:05:08,600
Somehow they endured their deep 
roots finding moisture. 

6590
06:05:08,600 --> 06:05:11,000
Other plants, could not access 
Invasion. 

6591
06:05:11,000 --> 06:05:15,200
Swept through repeatedly, armies
burning farms and slaughtering 

6592
06:05:15,200 --> 06:05:18,700
populations but olive trees 
survived because their nearly 

6593
06:05:18,700 --> 06:05:22,700
impossible to kill completely. 
Even if trunk and branches burn 

6594
06:05:22,700 --> 06:05:26,800
to Ash Roots, send up New 
Growth, rebuilding from below 

6595
06:05:26,800 --> 06:05:28,800
ground. 
With patients, that makes human 

6596
06:05:28,800 --> 06:05:33,000
urgency seem absurd an ancient 
Olive Tree nearby shows, clear, 

6597
06:05:33,000 --> 06:05:36,600
signs of having been cut down 
then regrowing from the stump 

6598
06:05:36,600 --> 06:05:39,800
creating multiple new trunks 
that fuse together over time. 

6599
06:05:40,600 --> 06:05:43,000
Name the practice of copper 
singing olives for wood, while 

6600
06:05:43,000 --> 06:05:46,300
preserving their root systems 
allowed Farmers to harvest the 

6601
06:05:46,300 --> 06:05:48,600
trees themselves without ending 
production. 

6602
06:05:48,600 --> 06:05:52,300
The regrown trunks might take 20
years to begin bearing fruit 

6603
06:05:52,300 --> 06:05:55,600
again, but in the olives 
timeline, 20 years is nothing 

6604
06:05:55,600 --> 06:05:59,200
barely worth noticing. 
This one tree is probably been 

6605
06:05:59,200 --> 06:06:02,300
cut and regrown five or six 
times over its existence. 

6606
06:06:02,300 --> 06:06:05,300
Each cycle producing Decades of 
firewood. 

6607
06:06:05,300 --> 06:06:09,400
While the roots waited patiently
for their chance to rebuild, you

6608
06:06:09,400 --> 06:06:12,400
sit beneath a massive Olive and 
try to imagine the lives its 

6609
06:06:12,400 --> 06:06:17,300
witnessed People of sat exactly 
here for centuries seeking shade

6610
06:06:17,300 --> 06:06:20,500
from Mediterranean heat. 
Perhaps eating olives, from this

6611
06:06:20,500 --> 06:06:25,100
very tree children, have climbed
its branches lovers of carved 

6612
06:06:25,100 --> 06:06:28,200
initials into bark that later 
grew over and obscured their 

6613
06:06:28,200 --> 06:06:32,100
declaration's battles. 
May have raged nearby while the 

6614
06:06:32,100 --> 06:06:35,500
tree simply continued its slow 
cycle of flowering and fruiting 

6615
06:06:35,500 --> 06:06:39,300
in different to human violence. 
The tree is probably lived 

6616
06:06:39,300 --> 06:06:43,200
through famines plagues Golden 
Ages, Dark Ages conquests and 

6617
06:06:43,200 --> 06:06:47,200
liberation's all while doing 
nothing but being a tree the 

6618
06:06:47,200 --> 06:06:50,300
archaeologists mentioned that 
olive trees can effectively live

6619
06:06:50,300 --> 06:06:52,700
forever through a process of 
continuous renewal. 

6620
06:06:53,400 --> 06:06:57,300
As the central trunk ages and 
Hollows, the tree, sends up new 

6621
06:06:57,300 --> 06:07:00,000
shoots from its base. 
These shoots eventually become 

6622
06:07:00,000 --> 06:07:01,900
new trunks. 
While the old one gradually 

6623
06:07:01,900 --> 06:07:05,300
crumbles away. 
The root system remains unbroken

6624
06:07:05,300 --> 06:07:08,900
through this process, meaning 
the trees identity persists, 

6625
06:07:08,900 --> 06:07:12,200
even though none of its above 
ground Parts, might be original.

6626
06:07:12,200 --> 06:07:14,600
Some of the Groves in this 
region may have been 

6627
06:07:14,600 --> 06:07:17,300
continuously alive. 
Since before humans began 

6628
06:07:17,300 --> 06:07:20,900
writing down history, modern 
threats to these ancient Groves 

6629
06:07:20,900 --> 06:07:22,900
come not from the climate or 
diseases. 

6630
06:07:22,900 --> 06:07:26,500
That have always challenged, all
of cultivation but from economic

6631
06:07:26,500 --> 06:07:29,200
changes that make old trees less
valuable than the land. 

6632
06:07:29,200 --> 06:07:32,600
They occupy you've heard of 
developers cutting down thousand

6633
06:07:32,600 --> 06:07:36,400
year old olives to build Resorts
the ancient Grove's being 

6634
06:07:36,400 --> 06:07:39,000
replaced by crops that produce 
faster returns. 

6635
06:07:39,800 --> 06:07:42,800
Trees that survived every 
historical catastrophe. 

6636
06:07:42,800 --> 06:07:46,900
Now, face chainsaws Guided by 
spreadsheets showing that quick,

6637
06:07:46,900 --> 06:07:50,600
profits from destruction exceed,
the patient income from 

6638
06:07:50,600 --> 06:07:54,900
preservation yet some Groves 
remain protected recognized as 

6639
06:07:54,908 --> 06:07:58,000
cultural heritage as important 
as ancient buildings or 

6640
06:07:58,000 --> 06:08:01,300
archaeological sites. 
These protected, Groves are 

6641
06:08:01,300 --> 06:08:04,500
maintained using traditional 
methods pressed with equipment 

6642
06:08:04,500 --> 06:08:07,700
that would be familiar to 
Farmers from centuries past and 

6643
06:08:07,700 --> 06:08:10,800
producing oil marketed 
specifically as coming from 

6644
06:08:10,800 --> 06:08:13,600
ancient trees. 
Whether the oil actually tastes 

6645
06:08:13,600 --> 06:08:17,300
different is debatable but 
Customers pay premium prices for

6646
06:08:17,300 --> 06:08:20,700
the connection to history for 
fruit from trees that they're 

6647
06:08:20,700 --> 06:08:21,300
great. 
Great great. 

6648
06:08:21,300 --> 06:08:23,900
Great grandparents. 
Might have harvested walking 

6649
06:08:23,900 --> 06:08:26,600
through these Groves as 
afternoon like creates dramatic 

6650
06:08:26,600 --> 06:08:29,400
contrast between illuminated 
leaves and Deep Shadows. 

6651
06:08:29,400 --> 06:08:33,800
You feel a strange temporal 
vertigo, everything around you 

6652
06:08:33,800 --> 06:08:36,300
looks timeless. 
It can be a scene from any 

6653
06:08:36,300 --> 06:08:40,700
Century in the past 2000 years. 
The trees haven't changed the 

6654
06:08:40,700 --> 06:08:44,300
hillsides, haven't changed. 
If you squint slightly, you can 

6655
06:08:44,300 --> 06:08:48,300
imagine yourself in any era, the
present, just another moment in 

6656
06:08:48,300 --> 06:08:52,400
an endless chain of harvests and
pressings that extends Beyond 

6657
06:08:52,400 --> 06:08:56,300
memory in both directions, the 
ocular evidence scattered 

6658
06:08:56,300 --> 06:08:59,200
throughout these hillsides tells
a story of continuous use 

6659
06:08:59,200 --> 06:09:02,900
despite political chaos, when 
one Empire collapsed and the 

6660
06:09:02,908 --> 06:09:06,300
population fled within a 
generational, two new people 

6661
06:09:06,300 --> 06:09:09,600
arrived and resumed, harvesting 
the Grove's olive trees 

6662
06:09:09,600 --> 06:09:13,300
themselves served as a track to 
their presence advertising that 

6663
06:09:13,300 --> 06:09:17,800
this land could support human. 
Abandon a grain field and within

6664
06:09:17,800 --> 06:09:19,700
a year, it reverts to Wild 
grasses. 

6665
06:09:19,700 --> 06:09:22,700
But abandoned an Olive Grove and
decades later. 

6666
06:09:22,700 --> 06:09:26,600
It's still there still producing
still waiting for humans to 

6667
06:09:26,600 --> 06:09:28,400
return and resume the 
partnership. 

6668
06:09:28,400 --> 06:09:31,700
You collect a few olives from 
the ground examining them 

6669
06:09:31,700 --> 06:09:34,200
closely. 
They're the same size and shape 

6670
06:09:34,200 --> 06:09:36,900
as the preserved olives 
archaeologists find in ancient 

6671
06:09:36,900 --> 06:09:39,500
shipwrecks. 
And as the olives depicted in 

6672
06:09:39,500 --> 06:09:43,200
frescoes and mosaics from 
civilizations, that no longer 

6673
06:09:43,200 --> 06:09:47,200
exists, the genetic diversity in
modern Olive cultivars, is 

6674
06:09:47,200 --> 06:09:50,700
surprisingly narrow suggesting 
that most productive trees, 

6675
06:09:50,700 --> 06:09:54,000
descend from relatively few 
ancient parents, the 

6676
06:09:54,000 --> 06:09:56,000
demonstrated Superior 
characteristics. 

6677
06:09:56,000 --> 06:09:59,600
The olive of your holding might 
be genetically, nearly identical

6678
06:09:59,600 --> 06:10:02,200
to olives that fed. 
Romans soldiers, Greek, 

6679
06:10:02,200 --> 06:10:05,900
philosophers, and Egyptian 
Traders all the way back to 

6680
06:10:05,900 --> 06:10:08,800
whoever first noticed that these
bitter fruits became delicious. 

6681
06:10:08,800 --> 06:10:11,800
After proper processing, your 
standing in a modern 

6682
06:10:11,800 --> 06:10:15,600
Supermarket, looking at a shelf 
displaying dozens of olive. 

6683
06:10:15,800 --> 06:10:19,600
All varieties each bottle 
promising, superior quality, 

6684
06:10:19,600 --> 06:10:22,600
health benefits or authentic 
tradition. 

6685
06:10:22,600 --> 06:10:25,100
The bottles are clear glass or 
dark green. 

6686
06:10:25,100 --> 06:10:28,500
Some with elaborate labels 
depicting Mediterranean scenes. 

6687
06:10:28,500 --> 06:10:31,900
Others with minimalist. 
Designs suggest in 

6688
06:10:31,900 --> 06:10:35,100
sophistication Behind These 
modern presentations, lies the 

6689
06:10:35,100 --> 06:10:37,100
same substance that's flavored 
human. 

6690
06:10:37,100 --> 06:10:41,000
Civilization for Millennia. 
Now, reduced to Consumer, Choice

6691
06:10:41,000 --> 06:10:44,000
among competing Brands. 
You pick up a bottle, labeled 

6692
06:10:44,000 --> 06:10:47,800
extra virgin reading the fine 
print, that explains what this 

6693
06:10:47,800 --> 06:10:51,700
designation means. 
The oil inside was cold pressed 

6694
06:10:51,700 --> 06:10:55,500
without heat or chemicals from 
olives harvested at optimal 

6695
06:10:55,500 --> 06:10:59,600
ripeness and processed, within 
hours of picking these 

6696
06:10:59,600 --> 06:11:01,700
requirements. 
Echo practices, develop 

6697
06:11:01,700 --> 06:11:04,900
thousands of years ago when 
presses learned through trial 

6698
06:11:04,900 --> 06:11:08,300
and error, that speed care and 
temperature control, produced 

6699
06:11:08,300 --> 06:11:12,300
Superior oil, The terminology is
modern, but the principles are 

6700
06:11:12,300 --> 06:11:15,900
ancient linking, your kitchen to
those of people who live before 

6701
06:11:15,900 --> 06:11:19,500
philosophy or democracy existed 
the price range across. 

6702
06:11:19,500 --> 06:11:23,200
This shelf, is staggering some 
bottles cost as much per liter 

6703
06:11:23,200 --> 06:11:26,200
as an ancient worker earned. 
In a week, While others are 

6704
06:11:26,200 --> 06:11:29,400
cheap enough that oil has become
just another commodity, this 

6705
06:11:29,400 --> 06:11:33,100
democratization represents both 
Triumph and loss. 

6706
06:11:34,000 --> 06:11:36,900
More people can afford olive oil
than ever before in history. 

6707
06:11:36,900 --> 06:11:40,300
But the intimate relationship 
between consumers and producers 

6708
06:11:40,300 --> 06:11:43,100
has been severed. 
You don't know which growth 

6709
06:11:43,100 --> 06:11:46,800
produced this oil whose hands 
harvested these olives, or how 

6710
06:11:46,800 --> 06:11:49,500
many generations, their family 
has been pressing fruit from 

6711
06:11:49,500 --> 06:11:52,700
these specific trees. 
The cooking show plays on a 

6712
06:11:52,700 --> 06:11:56,200
screen near the checkout. 
A chef drizzling olive oil over 

6713
06:11:56,200 --> 06:11:59,000
vegetables while explaining how 
it's healthier than butter or 

6714
06:11:59,000 --> 06:12:01,600
other fats, the health claims 
are accurate. 

6715
06:12:01,600 --> 06:12:05,800
Olive oil does contain mono and 
saturated fats that improve 

6716
06:12:05,800 --> 06:12:08,500
cardiovascular health 
antioxidants. 

6717
06:12:08,500 --> 06:12:12,600
That protect cells and compounds
that reduce inflammation, but 

6718
06:12:12,600 --> 06:12:15,300
ancient peoples who build their 
Cuisines around all of oil. 

6719
06:12:15,300 --> 06:12:19,000
Knew none of this using it, not 
because it was healthy but 

6720
06:12:19,000 --> 06:12:22,300
because it was available 
delicious and versatile. 

6721
06:12:22,300 --> 06:12:25,600
They stumbled into good health, 
through culinary tradition. 

6722
06:12:25,600 --> 06:12:29,200
Their body's benefiting from 
choices, made for entirely 

6723
06:12:29,200 --> 06:12:33,400
different reasons. 
You notice or ganna options oil 

6724
06:12:33,400 --> 06:12:36,600
from olives grown without 
synthetic, pesticides, or 

6725
06:12:36,600 --> 06:12:39,200
fertilizers. 
This marketing implies that 

6726
06:12:39,200 --> 06:12:40,900
non-organic methods are 
standard. 

6727
06:12:40,900 --> 06:12:44,800
Now representing, a fundamental 
shift from traditional Olive 

6728
06:12:44,800 --> 06:12:47,800
cultivation, that use no 
chemicals because they didn't 

6729
06:12:47,800 --> 06:12:50,100
exist. 
The modern or gallic movement, 

6730
06:12:50,100 --> 06:12:53,600
is actually a return to ancient 
practices charging premium 

6731
06:12:53,600 --> 06:12:55,700
prices for what was once 
Universal. 

6732
06:12:55,700 --> 06:12:59,200
The irony seems lost on most 
Shoppers filling their carts 

6733
06:12:59,200 --> 06:13:01,600
without considering the 
historical Arc that brought 

6734
06:13:01,600 --> 06:13:06,100
these bottles to the Shell. 
At home you drizzle oil over a 

6735
06:13:06,100 --> 06:13:09,400
salad the action so casual that 
you don't pause to think about 

6736
06:13:09,400 --> 06:13:12,000
it yet. 
This simple gesture connects you

6737
06:13:12,000 --> 06:13:14,900
to every cook throughout history
who performed the same motion. 

6738
06:13:15,800 --> 06:13:19,500
The oil catches light streaming 
through your window exactly as 

6739
06:13:19,500 --> 06:13:23,500
it caught lamp light in ancient 
kitchens It Coats the vegetables

6740
06:13:23,500 --> 06:13:26,100
with the same. 
Golden Sheen that made food look

6741
06:13:26,100 --> 06:13:28,500
appetizing to people whose names
nobody remembers. 

6742
06:13:28,500 --> 06:13:32,600
The chemistry of fat interacting
with plants cells hasn't changed

6743
06:13:32,600 --> 06:13:36,700
meaning the salad tastes similar
to versions eaten 2000 years ago

6744
06:13:36,700 --> 06:13:40,100
your bathroom contained olive 
oil based soaps and cosmetics 

6745
06:13:40,100 --> 06:13:44,100
products marketed as natural 
alternatives to synthetic 

6746
06:13:44,100 --> 06:13:47,900
options soap itself was invented
partly to replace the oil 

6747
06:13:47,900 --> 06:13:50,700
scraping method used in ancient 
bars yet. 

6748
06:13:50,700 --> 06:13:53,700
Now olive oil soap represents a 
return to more authentic 

6749
06:13:53,700 --> 06:13:57,300
cleansing the circular motion of
hygiene history suggests that 

6750
06:13:57,300 --> 06:14:01,000
human needs remain constant 
while technology cycle between 

6751
06:14:01,000 --> 06:14:05,300
complexity and simplicity each 
generation rediscovering 

6752
06:14:05,300 --> 06:14:08,700
benefits that previous 
generations took for granted you

6753
06:14:08,700 --> 06:14:12,900
like to can handle petroleum wax
with a cotton wick creating a 

6754
06:14:12,908 --> 06:14:15,400
flame without olive oil for the 
first time in human. 

6755
06:14:15,700 --> 06:14:18,400
Tree candles existed in ancient 
times. 

6756
06:14:18,400 --> 06:14:22,000
But oil, lamps, provided most 
illumination making olive oil, 

6757
06:14:22,000 --> 06:14:25,700
the primary medium through which
people pushed back Darkness, the

6758
06:14:25,700 --> 06:14:30,000
shift from oil to candles to 
gas, to electricity represents 

6759
06:14:30,000 --> 06:14:33,300
increasing separation between 
light and its fuel source. 

6760
06:14:33,300 --> 06:14:36,800
Ancient peoples understood 
exactly what burned when they 

6761
06:14:36,800 --> 06:14:39,300
lit lamps. 
You flip a switch without 

6762
06:14:39,300 --> 06:14:42,400
thinking about the coal or 
natural gas, or nuclear reaction

6763
06:14:42,400 --> 06:14:45,900
generating your electricity a 
Mediterranean restaurant. 

6764
06:14:45,900 --> 06:14:48,000
Nearby advertisers authentic 
Cuisine. 

6765
06:14:48,000 --> 06:14:51,800
Its menu featuring dishes built 
around olive oil in ways that 

6766
06:14:51,800 --> 06:14:53,500
would be familiar to ancient 
diners. 

6767
06:14:53,500 --> 06:14:57,400
The ingredients are identical, 
the cooking methods unchanged in

6768
06:14:57,400 --> 06:15:00,100
Essentials. 
Yet the context is completely 

6769
06:15:00,100 --> 06:15:03,200
different. 
Ancient people ate these Foods 

6770
06:15:03,200 --> 06:15:06,300
because they were local and 
available not because they were 

6771
06:15:06,308 --> 06:15:09,600
exotic or healthy. 
The restaurant charges premium 

6772
06:15:09,600 --> 06:15:13,200
prices for authenticity that 
used to be called what we have 

6773
06:15:13,200 --> 06:15:16,300
transforming necessity into 
luxury through distance. 

6774
06:15:17,300 --> 06:15:20,000
Temporal distance separating us 
from when these Foods were 

6775
06:15:20,000 --> 06:15:22,800
ordinary. 
You read about olive oil, fraud 

6776
06:15:22,800 --> 06:15:26,700
about bottles labeled Italian or
Greek containing oil from North 

6777
06:15:26,700 --> 06:15:31,400
Africa or Spain, and about extra
virgin designations applied to 

6778
06:15:31,408 --> 06:15:34,200
oil, that doesn't meet technical
requirements. 

6779
06:15:34,200 --> 06:15:38,800
These deceptions Echo ancient 
problems Merchants, have always 

6780
06:15:38,800 --> 06:15:42,300
been tempted to dilute expensive
oil, with cheaper, alternatives 

6781
06:15:42,300 --> 06:15:46,500
to misrepresent Origins, and to 
sell last year's rancid oil. 

6782
06:15:46,500 --> 06:15:49,600
As this year's fresh pressing, 
the amphora stamps that 

6783
06:15:49,600 --> 06:15:53,600
guaranteed quality in ancient 
markets were responses to fraud 

6784
06:15:53,600 --> 06:15:56,900
that still exists. 
Human nature, remaining constant

6785
06:15:56,900 --> 06:16:00,200
across Millennia, a news 
article, discusses, how climate 

6786
06:16:00,200 --> 06:16:03,300
change threatens traditional 
Olive growing regions and how 

6787
06:16:03,308 --> 06:16:06,900
Rising temperatures and changing
rainfall patterns, might shift 

6788
06:16:06,900 --> 06:16:09,500
production to areas. 
That previously couldn't support

6789
06:16:09,500 --> 06:16:13,500
Olive's, the trees themselves 
can adapt, they've survived 

6790
06:16:13,500 --> 06:16:16,600
climate changes throughout 
history, but the cultural 

6791
06:16:16,600 --> 06:16:19,900
connection between specific 
regions and Olive cultivation. 

6792
06:16:19,900 --> 06:16:24,000
Might break what happens to 
Greek course Spanish or Italian 

6793
06:16:24,000 --> 06:16:26,500
identity of Olives. 
No longer Thrive. 

6794
06:16:26,500 --> 06:16:30,100
There can traditional persist. 
When the material basis for 

6795
06:16:30,100 --> 06:16:33,500
traditional disappears, you 
notice how Oliver oil has become

6796
06:16:33,500 --> 06:16:36,900
short-handed for healthy. 
Eating the Mediterranean diet 

6797
06:16:36,900 --> 06:16:40,900
and lifestyle choices associated
with longevity and well-being. 

6798
06:16:42,100 --> 06:16:46,100
This Association isn't wrong but
it's incomplete ancient. 

6799
06:16:46,100 --> 06:16:49,200
People who consumed olive oil, 
daily also died young from 

6800
06:16:49,200 --> 06:16:52,900
infections and injuries, modern 
medicine prevents easily. 

6801
06:16:53,600 --> 06:16:56,400
The oil didn't make them healthy
in any comprehensive sense. 

6802
06:16:56,400 --> 06:17:00,300
They simply lacked Alternatives.
We take for granted separating 

6803
06:17:00,300 --> 06:17:03,500
olive oils, actual benefits from
romanticized, versions of 

6804
06:17:03,500 --> 06:17:06,100
Mediterranean life requires 
care, that marketing, 

6805
06:17:06,100 --> 06:17:09,100
departments, rarely provide in 
your pantry. 

6806
06:17:09,100 --> 06:17:12,400
A bottle of olive oil, sits next
to vegetable oil can no longer 

6807
06:17:12,400 --> 06:17:15,800
oil and coconut oil, each suited
for different purposes, 

6808
06:17:15,800 --> 06:17:19,500
different heat tolerances and 
different flavor profiles. 

6809
06:17:19,500 --> 06:17:23,000
This abundant would astonish 
ancient Cooks who used olive oil

6810
06:17:23,000 --> 06:17:25,600
for everything because it was 
the only fat they had in 

6811
06:17:25,600 --> 06:17:29,200
quantity, modern cooking, 
specialization this oil for 

6812
06:17:29,200 --> 06:17:32,900
sauteing that one for baking and
another for salads represents 

6813
06:17:32,900 --> 06:17:37,200
both sophistication and loss 
we've gained options, but 

6814
06:17:37,200 --> 06:17:40,400
sacrifice the intimate knowledge
that comes from using a single 

6815
06:17:40,400 --> 06:17:42,300
ingredient in every possible. 
Way. 

6816
06:17:42,300 --> 06:17:46,200
You cook dinner using olive oil,
clean up with all of oil soap 

6817
06:17:46,200 --> 06:17:49,100
and moisturize your hands. 
With olive oil lotion. 

6818
06:17:49,100 --> 06:17:52,400
All while electric lights 
eliminate, any need for oil 

6819
06:17:52,400 --> 06:17:56,700
lamps Olive oil persists in 
Modern Life, but its role is 

6820
06:17:56,700 --> 06:17:59,700
narrowed from essential to 
optional, from Universal. 

6821
06:17:59,700 --> 06:18:02,700
To particular, you could survive
comfortably without it 

6822
06:18:02,700 --> 06:18:06,000
substituting other fats, and 
cooking other products for 

6823
06:18:06,000 --> 06:18:09,300
cleaning, and moisturizing, and 
other sources for illumination. 

6824
06:18:09,300 --> 06:18:13,100
This optionality represents, the
fundamental difference between 

6825
06:18:13,100 --> 06:18:16,600
your relationship with olive oil
and that of people for whom it 

6826
06:18:16,600 --> 06:18:19,800
was a replaceable yet walking 
through the supermarket or 

6827
06:18:19,800 --> 06:18:22,400
cooking dinner, you 
occasionally, feel a strange, 

6828
06:18:22,400 --> 06:18:25,500
temporal connection. 
A sense that you're performing 

6829
06:18:25,500 --> 06:18:28,300
actions that link you to an 
unbroken chain of human 

6830
06:18:28,300 --> 06:18:31,100
activity. 
Stretching Back to Before 

6831
06:18:31,100 --> 06:18:35,000
recorded history, when you 
drizzle olive oil over food, 

6832
06:18:35,000 --> 06:18:37,900
you're doing exactly what 
countless humans have done in 

6833
06:18:37,900 --> 06:18:39,600
the same way for the same 
reasons. 

6834
06:18:40,400 --> 06:18:43,300
The bottle is different, the 
kitchen is different and the 

6835
06:18:43,300 --> 06:18:47,500
context is different, but the 
action itself is unchanged in 

6836
06:18:47,500 --> 06:18:50,600
this small gesture. 
You briefly touch the Deep past,

6837
06:18:50,600 --> 06:18:53,700
performing a ritual. 
So ancient that its Origins 

6838
06:18:53,700 --> 06:18:57,100
predate, the concept of ritual 
itself, the olive trees in 

6839
06:18:57,100 --> 06:18:59,300
distant, Groves can continue 
their patient work. 

6840
06:18:59,300 --> 06:19:03,700
Flowering each spring fruiting 
each Autumn and producing the 

6841
06:19:03,700 --> 06:19:07,600
same golden liquid that fuels 
civilizations now studied only 

6842
06:19:07,600 --> 06:19:10,700
by archaeologists. 
Some of those trees might be the

6843
06:19:10,700 --> 06:19:13,400
direct descendants. 
Literally through route, 

6844
06:19:13,400 --> 06:19:16,900
propagation of trees, that 
witnessed events recorded in 

6845
06:19:16,900 --> 06:19:18,900
history. 
As you've read, they connect 

6846
06:19:18,900 --> 06:19:23,100
past to present, through living 
continuity, biology preserving, 

6847
06:19:23,100 --> 06:19:27,700
what human memory cannot As long
as those trees survive as long 

6848
06:19:27,700 --> 06:19:31,000
as someone Harvest their fruit 
and presses it into oil, the 

6849
06:19:31,000 --> 06:19:33,900
ancient world isn't entirely 
lost it. 

6850
06:19:33,900 --> 06:19:38,400
Flows forward year by year 
Harvest by Harvest a golden 

6851
06:19:38,400 --> 06:19:40,100
thread that refuses to break.