Boring History For Sleep | What it was like to visit a Wild West TAVERN and more

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Hey, my history friends. 
Tonight, we're heading back to 

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the dusty Trails of the wild 
west to find out what it was 

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like to visit a saloon better 
known as a wild West Tavern. 

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These places weren't just for 
sipping, whiskey. 

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They were chaotic hubs of 
Gossip, gambling piano music, 

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that never seemed to stop. 
And the occasional bar fight 

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that broke out over a spilled 
drink or a disastrous poker 

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hand. 
So before you get comfortable, 

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as always, take a moment to like
the video and subscribe to the 

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channel if you haven't already. 
Also, please let us know where 

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you're watching from and what 
time it is for you. 

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There have been many changes and
story topics enhancements to our

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brand and even our content as a 
whole, we would appreciate all 

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the feedback we can get to keep 
your experience as smooth as 

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possible. 
Now dim your lights. 

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Turn on your fan for some noise 
and let's begin. picture 

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yourself stepping off a Dusty 
Stagecoach, in 1882 somewhere, 

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in the Arizona territory, Your 
back aches. 

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As if you've been sitting on a 
concrete park bench for 12 

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hours, a situation that given 
the suspension system of 

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Frontier Transportation isn't 
too far from reality. 

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The Sun is setting behind the 
mountains. 

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Painting everything in that 
golden hour, light that would 

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make a modern Instagram 
influencer. 

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So weep With Envy You're 
searching for a place to eat 

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drink and maybe wash off three 
days worth of trail dust. 

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And there it is right across the
street. 

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The Silver Dollar Saloon It's 
painted sign creeks in the 

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evening Breeze and those iconic 
batwing doors. 

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You know, the ones that swing 
both ways and come up to about 

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chest height, a practically 
calling your name. 

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Now before you push through 
those doors, let's pause for a 

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moment you're about to enter 
what was essentially the social 

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media platform of its day. 
Imagine a wild west Saloon as a 

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few of Facebook, Twitter and 
your local Starbucks, all houses

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within a single wooden structure
that exudes a center of tobacco 

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whiskey and surreal dreams. 
The Batwing doors were just for 

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show, by the way, they were 
brilliantly practical, like 

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cargo shorts, but actually 
useful, they kept out dust and 

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tumbleweeds while letting in 
fresh air and allowing people to

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see who was coming and going. 
In a place where your reputation

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literally, determined, whether 
you lived or died knowing who 

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just walked in, was rather 
important information. 

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As you approached the entrance, 
you notice the doors are worn 

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Smooth by thousands of hands 
pushing through them. the wood 

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has that patina that only comes 
from Decades of use, like the 

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handle of a well, loved baseball
bat or your grandmother's role 

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in Inside. 
You can hear the sounds of 

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laughter glasses, clinking, a 
slightly off-tune piano and the 

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occasional third of boots on 
wooden floors. 

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You take a deep breath catching 
sense of wood, smoke roasted 

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meat and something that might be
coffee, but could just as easily

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be paint thinner. 
Your stomach rumbles, reminding 

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you that hard tack and jerky, 
don't constitute fine, dining, 

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no matter how you. 
Look at it, here's where your 

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modern sensibility start to kick
in. 

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You're a custom to perusing 
online restaurant reviews, and 

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perhaps observing the Health 
Department's rating prominently 

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displayed in the window. 
But this isn't that world, the 

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only review system here is 
whether people are still alive 

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after eating with food, and even
that's not always a reliable 

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indicator to give them the 
general life expectancy of the 

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frontier. 
You adjust your hat because 

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everyone walks. 
Then that wasn't optional, like 

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wearing pants to Walmart, and 
push through those Swinging 

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Doors, they spring back behind 
you with a satisfying whoosh. 

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And suddenly, you're inside and 
oh, my, it's quite a scene. 

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The first thing that hits you 
isn't the site. 

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It's the sound, it's loud. 
It's not as loud as a rock 

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concert, but rather as loud as a
busy restaurant on a Friday 

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night, Conversations overlap 
like competing radio stations 

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punctuated by the occasional 
burst of laughter, the scrape of

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chairs on wooden floors and the 
rhythmic thunk. 

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Thunk of someone dealing cards 
at a table near the back. 

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The second thing that hits you 
is the smell. 

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It's a complex bouquet that. 
No, modern nose is quite 

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prepared for. 
There's the obvious whiskey in 

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tobacco but underneath that is 
the earthy scent of wall and 

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leather, the metallic Tang of 
Gun oil and something that might

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charitably be called Frontier 
cologne, but more accurately 

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described as three weeks without
a proper bath. 

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The lighting is dim not romantic
restaurant near, but we only 

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have oil lamps and candles. 
Dim your eyes. 

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Take a moment to adjust. 
Like, when you walk into a movie

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theater, except the movie 
theater, does not have armed 

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Patron's, and questionable 
hygiene standards. 

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And there you stand, just inside
these famous Swinging Doors 

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taking in your first real wild 
west Saloon. 

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The adventure is about to begin 
and honestly, you're not 

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entirely sure whether to be 
excited or concerned may be both

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probably both. 
Can now see the faces around you

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as your eyes have adjusted to 
the oil lamps Amber glow. 

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And what face is they are, it's 
as if you've stepped into a 

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dynamic to Guerra type only with
everyone in motion and some 

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armed The first rule of saloon 
etiquette which nobody bothered 

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to mention in your guidebook is 
this. 

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Don't just stand there. 
Gawking like a tourist at Times 

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Square, you need to move with 
purpose. 

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Even if that purpose is simply 
find a place to sit without 

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getting shot. 
The bartender catches your iron 

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nods, the universal gesture that
transcends time and roughly 

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translates to buy something or 
get out. 

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He's a large man with sleeves, 
rolled up past his elbows. 

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Sporting the kind of mustache 
that required, serious daily 

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maintenance think, Tom Selleck 
but with more experience, 

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breaking up fights and less 
experienced solving crimes in 

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Hawaii. 
You scan the room for seating 

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options. 
There's the bar itself naturally

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with a few empty stools that 
look about as comfortable as 

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sitting on a fence post. 
The bar is actually quite 

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impressive. 
A long stretch of polished wood,

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that seen more drama than a soap
opera behind, the bar bottles 

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line. 
The shelves, like glass 

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soldiers. 
However, several of them have 

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handwritten labels that raise 
questions about quality control 

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standards. 
Then there are the tables 

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scattered around the room. 
This is where the study of 

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social anthropology becomes 
fascinating. 

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Each table seems to have its 
ecosystem, its own unspoken 

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rules, and its potential for 
southern violence. 

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A table of real cowboys, not the
Hollywood version sits near the 

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front window. 
They're Dusty Sun weathered and 

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looked like they haven't seen a 
barber in months. 

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Their hats are sweat-stained and
practical. 

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Their boots are scuffed from 
actual work and they're their 

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clothes have that lived in 
quality that comes from spending

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weeks on the trail. 
Their nursing beers and 

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discussing something that 
involves a lot of gesturing 

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toward the door. you decide to 
file these observations under 

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information to remember and keep
looking in the corner, there's a

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poker game happening at around 
table. 

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The players are a mixed bunch a 
man in a slightly too fancy 

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vest. 
Who might be a traveling 

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salesman. 
The grizzled prospector, whose 

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beard could hide a small animal.
And two other gentlemen, whose 

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occupations are harder to 
determine that. 

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Who serious Expressions suggest.
The stakes are real. 

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The fourth rule of saloon 
survival which follows the first

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three rules of. 
Don't stare. 

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Don't touch anyone's hat and 
don't ask about anyone's past, 

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is this never cited a poker 
table unless you're invited and 

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prepared to lose your shirt, 
literally. 

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There's a piano in one corner. 
An upright that seemed better 

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decades, where a woman in a blue
dress is playing something that 

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might be. 
Oh, Susanna if you squint your 

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ears, just right, she's what 
they called a saloon girl and 

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her job description, included 
entertainment, conversation and 

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selling drinks, despite what 
Hollywood might have suggested, 

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most saloon girls were 
essentially, the taverns 

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customer service 
Representatives, not anything 

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more scandalous. 
The characters continue to 

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unfold before you like the pages
in a very dusty book. 

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The gentleman at the bar dressed
in immaculately in a black suit,

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a clean hat and Shining boots is
a sight to behold. 

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He could be a banker a preacher 
or someone you really don't want

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to accidentally bump into his 
coat hangs. 

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Just so he can't tell if that is
because he's very particular 

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about his appearance or because 
he's carrying something under 

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there, that requires easy access
Just a small table near the 

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back. 
A couple of older men are 

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engaged in what appears to be 
either a heated philosophical 

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debate, or an argument about 
whose turn. 

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It is to buy the next round. 
Their voice is rise and fall 

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like a verbal tide and 
occasionally, one of them 

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pounds. 
The table for emphasis making 

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the glasses jump. 
You realize, you're still 

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standing there like a 
decoration, so you make your 

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move toward the bar. 
The bartender watches your 

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approach with the expression of 
someone who's seen everything. 

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At least twice and isn't easily 
impressed. 

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As you climb onto one of those 
fence. 

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Post stools. 
You notice the bars surface 

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tells its stories ring stains 
from countless glasses, small 

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Nicks from knives. 
And what might be initials 

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carved by patrons with too much 
time and whiskey. 

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The stool creaks ominously under
your weight not because you're 

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heavy but because it's held 
together with hope Nails. 

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Possibly some very determined 
termites. 

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You settle in trying to look 
like you belong or fighting the 

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urge to ask if they have a wine 
list. 

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The bartender approaches wiping 
his hands on a towel that has 

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witnessed better days. 
What will it be asks? 

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00:09:08,500 --> 00:09:12,400
You realize you're about to make
your first real decision in the 

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Wild West. 
Choose wiseley your stomach and 

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your reputation may depend on 
it. 

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What it be the bartender asks, 
again, you realize that this 

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isn't like browsing through a 
20-page menu at the Cheesecake 

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Factory. 
Your options are limited and 

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some of them might be 
questionable for your long-term 

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Health prospects. 
Let's start with the drinks, 

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shall we? 
The house specialty is whiskey. 

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And by specialty, I mean, it's 
basically the only option that 

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won't require you to lie down 
afterward. 

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00:09:40,100 --> 00:09:43,900
However, it's important to note 
that the master distiller did 

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not age Frontier whiskey and 
Charming. 

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Oak barrels for 12 years. 
Oh no, this whiskey was aged for

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00:09:49,800 --> 00:09:52,300
about as long as it took to make
it, which was roughly the same 

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amount of time. 
It takes to microwave a burrito,

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the bartender holds up a bottle 
with a handwritten label that 

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00:09:57,800 --> 00:10:01,200
simply says whiskey in letters 
that suggest the writers hand 

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00:10:01,200 --> 00:10:02,600
wasn't entirely steady at the 
time. 

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The liquid inside has an amber 
color that could generously be 

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00:10:06,700 --> 00:10:11,600
called rustic or more accurately
described as concerning. but you

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00:10:11,600 --> 00:10:14,300
know what, when you've been 
eating Trail Dust for three 

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days, your standards become 
remarkably flexible, Whiskey 

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sounds, perfect. 
You say, because when in Rome, 

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00:10:20,500 --> 00:10:23,800
or in this case, when in a place
where Rome seems like a distant 

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fever dream, you do as the 
locals, do the bartender pause? 

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You a shot in a glass, that's 
clean enough. 

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Assuming you don't look too 
closely at The Rim. 

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00:10:31,400 --> 00:10:35,000
The whiskey boasts, a color 
reminiscent of weak tea and an 

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aroma reminiscent of. 
What could one have been corn? 

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00:10:37,400 --> 00:10:42,000
You take a sip and wow, it's 
like liquid campfire with hints 

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00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:43,600
of regret and finish that 
suggests. 

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00:10:43,600 --> 00:10:45,600
You should probably something 
soon. 

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00:10:47,100 --> 00:10:51,100
Speaking of food, let's talk 
about your dining options, the 

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menu such as it exists is posted
on a chalkboard behind the bar 

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written in the same shaky 
handwriting as the whiskey 

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label. 
The choices of beef stew, beans 

220
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and bacon, cornbread and 
something. 

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Optimistically labeled fresh 
fish. 

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Now you're in the middle of the 
desert. 

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00:11:06,700 --> 00:11:11,300
So the fresh fish raises, some 
immediate questions from, where 

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00:11:11,300 --> 00:11:14,100
exactly, how can the fish be 
considered fresh, when the 

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00:11:14,100 --> 00:11:16,700
nearest substantial body of 
water is a three-day ride away. 

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00:11:17,600 --> 00:11:21,000
The bartender notices, your 
expression and Chuckles, don't 

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00:11:21,000 --> 00:11:23,500
worry about the fish. 
He says being on the menu for 

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00:11:23,500 --> 00:11:25,100
two years, nobody's ever ordered
it. 

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00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:28,800
You decide beef stew? 
Sounds like the safest bet. 

230
00:11:28,800 --> 00:11:32,400
It's a decision that shows 
wisdom beyond your years or at 

231
00:11:32,400 --> 00:11:34,400
least beyond your experience 
with Frontier cuisine. 

232
00:11:35,500 --> 00:11:38,200
The bartender calls your order 
back to the kitchen which is a 

233
00:11:38,208 --> 00:11:41,900
curtain doorway, where you can 
hear the sound of serious 

234
00:11:41,900 --> 00:11:44,700
cooking happening, lots of 
clanging, some creative 

235
00:11:44,700 --> 00:11:47,700
vocabulary, and what might be 
prayer while you, wait, you 

236
00:11:47,700 --> 00:11:50,700
notice the other patreons dining
choices, the Cowboys at the 

237
00:11:50,700 --> 00:11:53,200
front table are sharing a plate 
of beans and bacon, that could 

238
00:11:53,200 --> 00:11:56,600
probably feed a small army or at
least three famished Cowboys. 

239
00:11:56,600 --> 00:11:59,400
They're eating with the 
efficiency of people who view 

240
00:11:59,400 --> 00:12:03,000
food as fuel rather than an 
experience, which is probably 

241
00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:05,600
the right attitude when you're 
dining options are limited to 

242
00:12:05,600 --> 00:12:07,500
brown stuff and other brown 
stuff. 

243
00:12:08,500 --> 00:12:10,400
The poker players have ordered 
rounds of everything, 

244
00:12:10,400 --> 00:12:13,600
apparently, because their table 
looks like a frontier Buffet. 

245
00:12:14,300 --> 00:12:18,200
There are plates of cornbread 
bowls of Sears to Stew stripped 

246
00:12:18,200 --> 00:12:20,500
of bacon and enough whiskey to 
fill a small boat. 

247
00:12:21,200 --> 00:12:22,600
Of course, they're playing for 
money. 

248
00:12:22,600 --> 00:12:25,200
So they might be trying to 
fortify themselves for a long 

249
00:12:25,208 --> 00:12:28,200
night of cards and potentially 
life-changing losses. 

250
00:12:29,100 --> 00:12:31,400
The well-dressed gentleman at 
the bar is nursing a single 

251
00:12:31,400 --> 00:12:34,700
glass of whiskey and a plate of 
cornbread eating. 

252
00:12:34,700 --> 00:12:37,300
With the careful, Precision of 
someone, who's either very 

253
00:12:37,300 --> 00:12:40,200
refined or very suspicious of 
the food quality. 

254
00:12:41,400 --> 00:12:43,900
This is cornbread into perfect 
Square's and choose 

255
00:12:43,900 --> 00:12:45,900
thoughtfully. 
Like he's conducting a 

256
00:12:45,900 --> 00:12:47,600
scientific analysis of its 
ingredients. 

257
00:12:48,800 --> 00:12:52,500
Your stew arrives carried by a 
woman who emerges from behind 

258
00:12:52,500 --> 00:12:55,500
the kitchen curtain like she's 
stepping onto a stage. 

259
00:12:56,500 --> 00:12:59,500
She is the cook clearly and she 
sets the ball down with the 

260
00:12:59,500 --> 00:13:01,200
pride of someone who knows her 
craft. 

261
00:13:02,100 --> 00:13:06,400
A tin Bowl, hot enough to Brand 
cattle, holds the stew and its 

262
00:13:06,400 --> 00:13:09,300
contents appear. 
Substantial, the stew contains 

263
00:13:09,300 --> 00:13:12,200
chunks of beef that were once 
tough, but of now become tender 

264
00:13:12,200 --> 00:13:15,400
vegetables, that could be 
charitably described as rustic 

265
00:13:15,400 --> 00:13:17,400
and a gravy. 
Thick enough to serve as a 

266
00:13:17,408 --> 00:13:19,800
mortar. 
It smells fantastic actually, 

267
00:13:19,800 --> 00:13:22,800
like, comfort food made by 
someone who understands that 

268
00:13:22,800 --> 00:13:24,500
Comfort. 
Sometimes comes in the form of 

269
00:13:24,508 --> 00:13:27,200
calories and warmth rather than 
presentation and Molecular 

270
00:13:27,200 --> 00:13:30,200
Gastronomy. 
You take a spoonful and it's 

271
00:13:30,200 --> 00:13:33,300
delicious, really good. 
The kind of good that makes you 

272
00:13:33,300 --> 00:13:35,500
understand why people wrote 
songs about home cooking. 

273
00:13:36,300 --> 00:13:39,400
The cornbread that comes with it
is dense and filling with a 

274
00:13:39,400 --> 00:13:42,200
slightly sweet taste that 
balances the hearty stew 

275
00:13:42,200 --> 00:13:44,800
perfectly. 
There's nothing like the fluffy 

276
00:13:44,800 --> 00:13:46,900
cake like cornbread. 
You might know from Modern 

277
00:13:46,900 --> 00:13:49,800
restaurants. 
This bread symbolizes business 

278
00:13:49,800 --> 00:13:52,600
and can sustain you throughout a
long day of your planned 

279
00:13:52,600 --> 00:13:54,700
Frontier activities. 
As you eat. 

280
00:13:54,700 --> 00:13:58,000
You start to relax a little. 
The whiskey is smooth, some of 

281
00:13:58,000 --> 00:14:01,500
your rough edges, the food is 
warming, you from the inside out

282
00:14:01,500 --> 00:14:04,400
and the general atmosphere is 
starting to feel less like a 

283
00:14:04,400 --> 00:14:08,600
movie set and more like Place 
where people come to eat and 

284
00:14:08,600 --> 00:14:11,600
drink and escape from their day.
But then you notice something 

285
00:14:11,600 --> 00:14:15,400
that makes your spoon. 
Pause halfway to your mouth, The

286
00:14:15,400 --> 00:14:18,100
conversation at the Cowboys 
table has gotten quieter more 

287
00:14:18,100 --> 00:14:20,200
intense. 
They keep glancing towards the 

288
00:14:20,208 --> 00:14:22,100
door and one of them has shifted
his chair. 

289
00:14:22,100 --> 00:14:23,500
So he has a better view of the 
entrance. 

290
00:14:24,500 --> 00:14:26,900
The world dress gentleman has 
also noticed the changes and as 

291
00:14:26,900 --> 00:14:29,100
angled himself slightly on his 
stool up. 

292
00:14:29,100 --> 00:14:31,900
Oh, you get the feeling that 
your peaceful dinner is about to

293
00:14:31,900 --> 00:14:34,400
become significantly, more 
interesting, you're just 

294
00:14:34,408 --> 00:14:37,600
starting to feel settled. 
The stew is warming, your belly.

295
00:14:37,600 --> 00:14:40,500
The whiskey is taken the edge 
off, three days of Stagecoach 

296
00:14:40,500 --> 00:14:43,700
travel, and you'll begin to 
think there's whole Wild West 

297
00:14:43,700 --> 00:14:46,100
experience. 
Might be more civilized than the

298
00:14:46,100 --> 00:14:49,500
stories suggested. 
At that moment, the Batwing 

299
00:14:49,500 --> 00:14:53,100
doors opened forcefully, causing
the rooms temperature to drop by

300
00:14:53,100 --> 00:14:56,800
approximately 10 degrees. 
Three men walk in and they walk 

301
00:14:56,800 --> 00:14:59,000
like they own the place they 
appear as though their 

302
00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:01,600
contemplating acquiring it 
without the need for paperwork. 

303
00:15:01,600 --> 00:15:05,600
They're different from the other
patrons cleaner better dressed. 

304
00:15:05,600 --> 00:15:08,400
But with an edge that makes 
everyone else look like Sunday 

305
00:15:08,400 --> 00:15:12,100
school teachers by comparison. 
The leader is tall and lean 

306
00:15:12,100 --> 00:15:15,500
wearing a black coat that seen 
some use, but not much abuse. 

307
00:15:16,300 --> 00:15:19,700
His hat is perfectly positioned 
and his boots exuded a shine 

308
00:15:19,700 --> 00:15:22,200
that suggests. 
He either meticulously maintains

309
00:15:22,200 --> 00:15:25,000
his belongings or hasn't been 
traversing the desert dust for 

310
00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:27,900
days. 
His eyes scan the room with the 

311
00:15:27,900 --> 00:15:31,200
methodical, Precision of someone
conducting an inventory, his 

312
00:15:31,200 --> 00:15:33,700
companions. 
Flank him like bookends one 

313
00:15:33,700 --> 00:15:36,400
shorter and stockier. 
Bill, like a man who settles 

314
00:15:36,400 --> 00:15:39,600
disagreements with his fists and
another whose trying a little 

315
00:15:39,608 --> 00:15:42,600
too difficult to look casual 
while obviously being anything 

316
00:15:42,600 --> 00:15:46,800
but they moved to the bar, but 
not before the tall one makes I 

317
00:15:46,800 --> 00:15:51,200
contact with several patrons 
including you Now you've never 

318
00:15:51,200 --> 00:15:54,300
been in a situation quite like 
this, but some instincts are 

319
00:15:54,308 --> 00:15:57,300
Universal, it's akin to being an
a restaurant. 

320
00:15:57,308 --> 00:16:00,100
When a group enters that exudes 
an unsettling presence, 

321
00:16:00,100 --> 00:16:04,100
excessively loud overly 
aggressive and behaving, as 

322
00:16:04,100 --> 00:16:07,300
though they are seeking 
confrontation, Except in this 

323
00:16:07,300 --> 00:16:10,500
case, the people who might find 
trouble or armed and there's no 

324
00:16:10,500 --> 00:16:13,800
manager to complain to the 
bartenders demeanor changes. 

325
00:16:13,800 --> 00:16:17,100
Subtly, he's still approaches 
them and asks what they want but

326
00:16:17,100 --> 00:16:19,900
now there's tension in his 
shoulders the Cowboys at the 

327
00:16:19,908 --> 00:16:22,900
front table of gone, completely 
quiet which is probably the 

328
00:16:22,900 --> 00:16:24,700
frontier equivalent of turning 
off your phone. 

329
00:16:24,700 --> 00:16:28,000
When you sense drama Brewing. 
Whiskey says the tall. 

330
00:16:28,000 --> 00:16:30,800
Stranger the good stuff. 
Not what you've been serving and

331
00:16:30,800 --> 00:16:33,200
everyone else this story is 
interesting. 

332
00:16:33,200 --> 00:16:36,300
Apparently, there's a two-tier 
beverage system in operation 

333
00:16:36,300 --> 00:16:40,100
here and you've been drinking 
from the economy section The 

334
00:16:40,108 --> 00:16:43,000
bartender reaches under the bar 
and produces a different bottle.

335
00:16:43,000 --> 00:16:46,300
This one with an actual printed 
label and liquid, that doesn't 

336
00:16:46,300 --> 00:16:49,400
look like it could strip paint. 
As the strangers get their 

337
00:16:49,400 --> 00:16:52,400
drinks, you notice, the poker 
game is paused, the players are 

338
00:16:52,400 --> 00:16:55,000
still holding their cards, but 
nobody's looking at them 

339
00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:57,300
anymore. 
The saloon girl has stopped 

340
00:16:57,300 --> 00:17:01,000
playing piano mid-song, which 
creates an awkward sound that 

341
00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:04,400
everyone pretends not to notice 
you can continue eating your 

342
00:17:04,400 --> 00:17:07,400
stew, trying to channel the 
energy of someone whose totally 

343
00:17:07,400 --> 00:17:10,200
absorbed in their meal and 
definitely, not eavesdropping on

344
00:17:10,200 --> 00:17:11,800
potentially dangerous 
conversations. 

345
00:17:11,800 --> 00:17:15,099
Your task is harder than it. 
Sounds when every instinct is 

346
00:17:15,099 --> 00:17:18,599
telling you to pay attention to 
the new arrivals The tool 

347
00:17:18,599 --> 00:17:21,300
stranger turns from the bar, 
whiskey and hand and addresses 

348
00:17:21,300 --> 00:17:23,500
the room in general evening, 
folks. 

349
00:17:23,500 --> 00:17:26,700
Beautiful night, isn't it? 
His voice is Pleasant enough, 

350
00:17:26,700 --> 00:17:30,600
but there's something underneath
it like a velvet glove with 

351
00:17:30,600 --> 00:17:34,400
brass knuckles inside. 
A few people Mumble responses, 

352
00:17:34,400 --> 00:17:37,100
someone asks a question, but 
you're uncertain. 

353
00:17:37,100 --> 00:17:38,600
If the right answer could lead 
to your death. 

354
00:17:39,400 --> 00:17:42,800
We're looking for someone, The 
Stranger continues, taking a 

355
00:17:42,800 --> 00:17:46,000
casual sip of his whiskey. 
We're searching for a friend by 

356
00:17:46,000 --> 00:17:48,400
the name of Thompson, Bill 
Thompson. 

357
00:17:48,400 --> 00:17:52,000
He might be in these parts. 
Now, you don't know anyone named

358
00:17:52,000 --> 00:17:54,400
Bill Thompson. 
You can feel the collective 

359
00:17:54,400 --> 00:17:56,900
tension in the room ratchet up 
another notch. 

360
00:17:56,900 --> 00:18:00,700
It's like when someone asks who 
broke this and even though 

361
00:18:00,700 --> 00:18:02,200
you're innocent, you still feel 
guilty. 

362
00:18:03,800 --> 00:18:05,300
One of the Cowboys clears his 
throat. 

363
00:18:06,100 --> 00:18:10,000
Atoms in these parts. 
He says carefully might help. 

364
00:18:10,000 --> 00:18:14,100
If you could be more specific 
Stranger smiles and it's not 

365
00:18:14,100 --> 00:18:18,000
entirely a pleasant expression. 
Oh, you'd know this Thompson. 

366
00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:22,600
If you saw him about 40 brown 
hair scar on his left cheek from

367
00:18:22,600 --> 00:18:25,900
a disagreement about cattle 
ownership 10 to be memorable. 

368
00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:30,300
The description hangs in the air
like smoke from a bad cigar. 

369
00:18:30,900 --> 00:18:33,400
You notice the well-dressed 
gentleman at the bar has become 

370
00:18:33,400 --> 00:18:36,800
very interested in the bottom of
his whiskey glass and the poker 

371
00:18:36,800 --> 00:18:39,100
players have the Frozen Look of 
people trying to become 

372
00:18:39,100 --> 00:18:41,100
invisible through sheer force of
will. 

373
00:18:41,900 --> 00:18:43,300
Can't say the name rings, a 
bell. 

374
00:18:43,300 --> 00:18:46,100
The cowboy says, which is 
probably true, but also probably

375
00:18:46,100 --> 00:18:49,000
not the whole truth. 
The Stranger nods like he 

376
00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:52,000
expected this answer. 
Well, that's disappointing. 

377
00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:55,300
But understandable. 
Sometimes people's memories need

378
00:18:55,300 --> 00:18:59,000
a little encouragement. 
And that's when you realize your

379
00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:01,900
peaceful evening has officially 
taken a turn toward the kind of 

380
00:19:01,900 --> 00:19:03,900
excitement you read about in 
Diamond novels. 

381
00:19:03,900 --> 00:19:07,600
But never actually wanted to 
experience first hand The stew 

382
00:19:07,600 --> 00:19:11,200
suddenly tastes like cardboard 
and the whiskey isn't warming of

383
00:19:11,200 --> 00:19:14,900
stomach so much as churning. 
It You keep eating trying to 

384
00:19:14,900 --> 00:19:17,400
look like someone who's 
completely oblivious to the 

385
00:19:17,400 --> 00:19:20,700
growing tension, while your mind
races through your options. 

386
00:19:21,700 --> 00:19:23,800
You could finish quickly and 
leave that. 

387
00:19:23,800 --> 00:19:26,700
That might draw a attention, you
could stay and hope things 

388
00:19:26,700 --> 00:19:28,600
settle down. 
But that could mean getting 

389
00:19:28,600 --> 00:19:30,900
caught in whatever is about to 
happen, you could just keep 

390
00:19:30,900 --> 00:19:33,300
eating stew and pretend you're 
anywhere else which is your 

391
00:19:33,300 --> 00:19:35,600
current strategy, but probably 
not a long term solution. 

392
00:19:36,800 --> 00:19:40,000
The Stranger takes another sip 
of his whiskey and smiles. 

393
00:19:40,000 --> 00:19:43,200
That unsettling smile again. 
Well no hurry, we've got all 

394
00:19:43,200 --> 00:19:46,400
night. 
Oh good, they're staying, this 

395
00:19:46,400 --> 00:19:48,700
should be interesting in a 
situation like this. 

396
00:19:48,700 --> 00:19:52,500
It can be quite challenging to 
focus on your own Affairs. 

397
00:19:52,500 --> 00:19:54,600
When everyone else is 
activities, are taking place 

398
00:19:54,600 --> 00:19:57,400
right next to you. 
It's like trying to ignore a 

399
00:19:57,400 --> 00:20:01,200
fire alarm technically possible,
but probably not advisable for 

400
00:20:01,200 --> 00:20:04,700
your continued well-being. 
You've developed a sudden, 

401
00:20:04,700 --> 00:20:07,900
intense fascination with your 
stew examining each piece of 

402
00:20:07,900 --> 00:20:09,400
beef. 
Like you're conducting a 

403
00:20:09,400 --> 00:20:11,400
scientific study on Frontier, 
cooking techniques. 

404
00:20:12,200 --> 00:20:15,000
Meanwhile the three strangers 
have settled in at a table near 

405
00:20:15,000 --> 00:20:18,200
the center of the room close 
enough to watch everyone far 

406
00:20:18,200 --> 00:20:20,700
enough from the door to make 
leaving quickly a challenge for 

407
00:20:20,700 --> 00:20:23,900
anyone else. 
Tall one seemingly representing 

408
00:20:23,900 --> 00:20:26,800
the group has initiated a 
conversation with a variety of 

409
00:20:26,800 --> 00:20:29,300
patreons, is the kind of 
conversation where one person 

410
00:20:29,300 --> 00:20:32,000
asked questions and everyone 
else provides answers that are 

411
00:20:32,008 --> 00:20:34,100
technically truthful, but 
carefully and complete. 

412
00:20:34,900 --> 00:20:37,300
Nice Town, you've got here. 
He says to the room in general 

413
00:20:37,300 --> 00:20:41,000
quiet peaceful. 
The kind of place, where a man 

414
00:20:41,000 --> 00:20:45,600
could disappear if you want to. 
the Cowboys nod politely similar

415
00:20:45,600 --> 00:20:48,100
to how one might nod when 
someone makes a comment about 

416
00:20:48,100 --> 00:20:51,300
the weather, that could be 
interpreted as a threat The 

417
00:20:51,300 --> 00:20:54,100
poker players have resumed their
game but you notice their 

418
00:20:54,100 --> 00:20:56,300
betting much more conservatively
than before. 

419
00:20:57,100 --> 00:21:00,000
Nothing dampens, the spirit of 
gambling, more than the threat 

420
00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:03,500
of unexpected violence. 
The bartender continues wiping 

421
00:21:03,500 --> 00:21:07,000
glasses with that towel. 
Which by now must be either 

422
00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:09,400
perfectly clean or completely 
contaminated. 

423
00:21:10,200 --> 00:21:12,800
He's developed the expression of
someone who's seen this movie 

424
00:21:12,800 --> 00:21:15,800
before and knows, it doesn't end
with everyone shaking hands and 

425
00:21:15,800 --> 00:21:18,900
sharing recipes. 
You're making excellent progress

426
00:21:18,900 --> 00:21:21,000
on your stew. 
When the short of the three 

427
00:21:21,000 --> 00:21:23,100
strangers. 
The one built like a human, 

428
00:21:23,100 --> 00:21:24,700
Cannonball, stands up and 
stretches. 

429
00:21:24,700 --> 00:21:28,800
It's an innocent enough gesture.
Except for the way, his coat 

430
00:21:28,800 --> 00:21:30,400
Falls open just enough to 
reveal. 

431
00:21:30,400 --> 00:21:32,700
What's definitely not a pocket 
watch on his hip. 

432
00:21:33,400 --> 00:21:35,100
Think I'll take a look around in
ounces. 

433
00:21:35,100 --> 00:21:37,500
Get familiar with the local 
geography. 

434
00:21:37,500 --> 00:21:40,500
He starts wandering between the 
tables, not bothering anyone. 

435
00:21:40,500 --> 00:21:42,600
Exactly. 
But making his presence felt 

436
00:21:43,500 --> 00:21:45,600
It's like having a tiger 
casually stroll through your 

437
00:21:45,600 --> 00:21:48,400
living room. 
It might not eat you, but you're

438
00:21:48,400 --> 00:21:49,900
definitely going to keep track 
of where it is. 

439
00:21:51,600 --> 00:21:54,000
When he gets to the poker table,
he pauses to watch the game. 

440
00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:57,700
Interesting, he says, looking at
the cars that's almost a winning

441
00:21:57,700 --> 00:22:00,200
hand. 
You've got their friend Specter 

442
00:22:00,200 --> 00:22:03,200
with the impressive beard looks 
up nervously just having a 

443
00:22:03,200 --> 00:22:05,000
friendly game Mr. Nothing 
serious. 

444
00:22:05,900 --> 00:22:08,700
Oh, I'm sure the stranger 
applies, though. 

445
00:22:08,700 --> 00:22:10,800
I noticed you've got quite a 
pile of coins there. 

446
00:22:10,800 --> 00:22:14,100
Lucky night. 
Some nights are better than 

447
00:22:14,100 --> 00:22:15,800
others. 
The prospector says carefully. 

448
00:22:16,600 --> 00:22:17,900
The strange and nods 
thoughtfully. 

449
00:22:17,900 --> 00:22:20,100
That's true. 
Some nights. 

450
00:22:20,100 --> 00:22:23,300
A man's luck can change. 
Very suddenly, it's not exactly 

451
00:22:23,300 --> 00:22:26,000
a threat but it's not exactly 
not a threat either. 

452
00:22:26,000 --> 00:22:28,900
It's that special, kind of 
Frontier Communication. 

453
00:22:28,900 --> 00:22:32,100
That says everything while 
saying nothing like a passive 

454
00:22:32,100 --> 00:22:34,000
aggressive email written with 
six shooters. 

455
00:22:34,000 --> 00:22:36,900
The wandering stranger continues
his tour. 

456
00:22:36,900 --> 00:22:41,600
Eventually making his way toward
the bar toward you you become 

457
00:22:41,600 --> 00:22:44,600
intensely interested in the last
few spoonfuls of your stew, 

458
00:22:44,600 --> 00:22:47,600
hoping to project the aura of 
someone completely absorbed in 

459
00:22:47,600 --> 00:22:51,400
their dinner and definitely not 
worth talking to Evening, he 

460
00:22:51,400 --> 00:22:54,900
says settling onto the stool 
next to you evening, you reply. 

461
00:22:54,900 --> 00:22:57,700
Because ignoring him would be 
rude and rudeness in this 

462
00:22:57,700 --> 00:23:00,100
situation, could have 
consequences that extend beyond 

463
00:23:00,100 --> 00:23:02,600
hurt feelings. 
Good stew. 

464
00:23:02,600 --> 00:23:05,400
The asks looking at your bowl. 
Yes, quite good. 

465
00:23:05,400 --> 00:23:08,800
You are on a point in line about
something so easily. 

466
00:23:08,800 --> 00:23:12,200
Verified. 
You're not from around here, he 

467
00:23:12,200 --> 00:23:15,200
observes. 
It's not a question just passing

468
00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:17,900
through you say, which is true 
and hopefully boring enough to 

469
00:23:17,908 --> 00:23:20,700
end the conversation. 
He nods and ordered a whiskey 

470
00:23:20,700 --> 00:23:23,700
from the bartender. 
Not the good stuff, you notice 

471
00:23:23,700 --> 00:23:26,500
which suggests either budget 
constraints or that he's not as 

472
00:23:26,500 --> 00:23:30,400
important as his tall friend. 
While he waits for his drink, he

473
00:23:30,400 --> 00:23:33,400
studies you with the Casual 
interest of someone examining a 

474
00:23:33,400 --> 00:23:37,400
potentially interesting bug. 
Passing through to where he asks

475
00:23:37,400 --> 00:23:40,800
now, you're in slightly trickier
territory too much detail. 

476
00:23:40,800 --> 00:23:42,100
Might make you memorable in 
ways. 

477
00:23:42,100 --> 00:23:45,200
You don't want to be too little 
might make you seem suspicious. 

478
00:23:45,200 --> 00:23:48,300
You go with vague but plausible.
West. 

479
00:23:48,300 --> 00:23:50,600
You say, looking for 
opportunities. 

480
00:23:50,600 --> 00:23:52,800
He Chuckles. 
Aren't we all friend? 

481
00:23:52,800 --> 00:23:56,900
Aren't we all? 
his whiskey arrives, and He 

482
00:23:56,900 --> 00:24:00,200
takes a sip then he leans 
slightly closer and you catch a 

483
00:24:00,200 --> 00:24:02,800
whiff of tobacco leather. 
And something that might be made

484
00:24:02,800 --> 00:24:06,100
or might be bear Grease. 
But of advice, he says quietly 

485
00:24:06,100 --> 00:24:09,300
sometimes the best opportunity 
is knowing when to keep moving. 

486
00:24:09,300 --> 00:24:13,400
No I mean you nod because you do
know what he means and because 

487
00:24:13,400 --> 00:24:15,000
agreeing seems like the safest 
option. 

488
00:24:15,000 --> 00:24:18,400
He's telling you in the polite 
as possible terms that this 

489
00:24:18,400 --> 00:24:20,800
might be a good night to finish 
your dinner and find somewhere 

490
00:24:20,800 --> 00:24:25,300
else to be. appreciate the 
advice you say, He nods and 

491
00:24:25,300 --> 00:24:27,600
returns to his whiskey 
apparently, satisfied. 

492
00:24:27,600 --> 00:24:29,700
That his message has been 
delivered and understood. 

493
00:24:29,700 --> 00:24:33,400
He finished the last of your 
student cornbread trying to eat 

494
00:24:33,400 --> 00:24:36,100
at a pace that suggests, your 
not hurrying, but not lingering 

495
00:24:36,100 --> 00:24:38,500
either. 
That's when the Batwing doors 

496
00:24:38,500 --> 00:24:41,300
swing, open again. 
And this time you know, before 

497
00:24:41,300 --> 00:24:44,100
you even look at whoever's 
coming in is going to make the 

498
00:24:44,100 --> 00:24:45,900
evening significantly more 
complicated. 

499
00:24:47,000 --> 00:24:49,000
Because that's how these things 
work in the wild west. 

500
00:24:49,000 --> 00:24:52,600
Just when you think you've got a
handle on the situation, the 

501
00:24:52,600 --> 00:24:56,000
situation decides to handle you 
instead the man who walks 

502
00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:59,300
through those batwing doors is 
about 40 years old has brown 

503
00:24:59,300 --> 00:25:01,900
hair and sports a scar on his 
left cheek. 

504
00:25:01,900 --> 00:25:04,500
That looks like it came from a 
disagreement about Catalonia 

505
00:25:04,500 --> 00:25:07,100
ship. 
In other words, he matches the 

506
00:25:07,100 --> 00:25:10,400
description of Bill Thompson 
perfectly, which means your 

507
00:25:10,400 --> 00:25:12,600
peaceful evening. 
Has just transformed into front 

508
00:25:12,600 --> 00:25:15,000
row seats for whatever's about 
to unfold. 

509
00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:18,500
Here's the thing, that makes 
this intriguing from a social 

510
00:25:18,500 --> 00:25:21,300
dynamics perspective. 
Bill Thompson doesn't look 

511
00:25:21,300 --> 00:25:23,000
surprised to see the three 
strangers. 

512
00:25:23,000 --> 00:25:26,900
He doesn't pause, he doesn't 
scan the room, nervously and 

513
00:25:26,900 --> 00:25:29,300
doesn't show any of the signs. 
You'd expect from someone who's 

514
00:25:29,300 --> 00:25:32,300
being hunted. 
Instead, he walks to the bar 

515
00:25:32,300 --> 00:25:35,600
with the Casual confidence of a 
man whose precisely where he 

516
00:25:35,600 --> 00:25:39,300
wants to be evening Jake. 
He says, to the bartender who 

517
00:25:39,300 --> 00:25:42,100
suddenly looks like, he'd rather
be anywhere else, perhaps 

518
00:25:42,100 --> 00:25:44,600
somewhere peaceful like the 
middle of a buffalo, stampede. 

519
00:25:45,800 --> 00:25:48,400
The tall stranger at the center 
table doesn't say anything 

520
00:25:48,400 --> 00:25:50,800
immediately. 
He just watched his Thompson 

521
00:25:50,800 --> 00:25:53,900
order a whiskey and settle 
against the bar, like he owns 

522
00:25:53,900 --> 00:25:57,900
it. 
Silent stretches out like taffy 

523
00:25:57,900 --> 00:26:01,000
and you can practically hear 
everyone in the room. 

524
00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:03,400
Not breathing. 
Finally, the tall stranger 

525
00:26:03,400 --> 00:26:06,300
speaks. 
Phil Thompson That's right. 

526
00:26:06,300 --> 00:26:10,000
Thompson replies without turning
around and you'd be casting 

527
00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:12,700
unless I miss my guess. 
Carson. 

528
00:26:13,500 --> 00:26:16,300
Now, the tall stranger has a 
name, which somehow makes the 

529
00:26:16,300 --> 00:26:18,900
whole situation feel more real 
and more dangerous at the same 

530
00:26:18,908 --> 00:26:22,000
time. 
Carson stands up slowly the kind

531
00:26:22,008 --> 00:26:24,500
of deliberate movement that 
suggests, he's very comfortable 

532
00:26:24,500 --> 00:26:26,400
with everyone's attention, 
focused on him. 

533
00:26:27,300 --> 00:26:30,200
Being looking for you, Bill. 
I figured that was the case 

534
00:26:30,200 --> 00:26:33,700
Thomson says, taking a sip of 
his whiskey heard, you boys were

535
00:26:33,700 --> 00:26:36,500
asking around thought I'd say 
you the trouble of hunting all 

536
00:26:36,500 --> 00:26:38,900
over creation. 
Now, this is intriguing. 

537
00:26:38,900 --> 00:26:40,900
Instead of a Manhunt your 
witnessing. 

538
00:26:40,900 --> 00:26:42,200
What appears to be a plan 
meeting? 

539
00:26:42,200 --> 00:26:45,100
The question is, whether it's 
going to be a civilized 

540
00:26:45,100 --> 00:26:47,800
conversation or something that 
requires you to duck under 

541
00:26:47,800 --> 00:26:50,900
tables. 
The cowboy at the front table, 

542
00:26:50,900 --> 00:26:54,100
shifts slightly in his chair and
you notice his hand resting 

543
00:26:54,100 --> 00:26:57,500
casually near his side. 
The poker players of giving up 

544
00:26:57,500 --> 00:27:00,100
all pretense of playing cards, 
and openly watching the 

545
00:27:00,100 --> 00:27:03,400
proceedings, even the saloon 
girl as positioned herself near,

546
00:27:03,400 --> 00:27:07,000
what you hope is a back exit. 
Carson moves away from his table

547
00:27:07,000 --> 00:27:10,000
but not quickly, not 
aggressively, it's more like a 

548
00:27:10,000 --> 00:27:11,800
dance where both Partners know 
the steps. 

549
00:27:12,900 --> 00:27:15,100
You've got something that 
belongs to my employer bill. 

550
00:27:15,100 --> 00:27:17,700
That's so Thompson says what 
might that be? 

551
00:27:17,700 --> 00:27:20,600
Don't play games. 
The money from the Tucson job 

552
00:27:20,600 --> 00:27:23,800
Thompson Chuckles, but it's not 
a particularly amused sound. 

553
00:27:24,600 --> 00:27:26,700
Funny, what makes you think? 
I've got any money? 

554
00:27:26,700 --> 00:27:28,000
Look at me. 
Carson. 

555
00:27:28,000 --> 00:27:30,800
Do I look like a man who's 
recently come into wealth and 

556
00:27:30,800 --> 00:27:34,000
he's got a point, Thompson's 
clothes are worn, but clean his 

557
00:27:34,000 --> 00:27:36,600
boots are scuffed and his hat 
has seen better years. 

558
00:27:37,500 --> 00:27:39,800
If he's sitting on a pile of 
stolen money, he's either 

559
00:27:39,800 --> 00:27:42,100
excellent at hiding it or 
terrible at spending it. 

560
00:27:43,000 --> 00:27:46,200
My employer seems to think 
otherwise Carson says your 

561
00:27:46,200 --> 00:27:49,000
employer thinks many things 
doesn't make them true. 

562
00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:51,400
The conversation is polite, 
almost casual. 

563
00:27:51,400 --> 00:27:54,200
But you can feel the 
undercurrent of violence running

564
00:27:54,200 --> 00:27:55,900
beneath it like a stream under 
ice. 

565
00:27:56,800 --> 00:27:59,100
Both men are armed. 
You can tell by the way, they 

566
00:27:59,100 --> 00:28:02,300
carry themselves, the way their 
coats, hang and the way they 

567
00:28:02,300 --> 00:28:05,200
position their hands. 
The question is whether they 

568
00:28:05,200 --> 00:28:06,900
going to keep talking or start 
shooting. 

569
00:28:06,900 --> 00:28:10,200
You'll begin to understand why 
the bartender was nervous about 

570
00:28:10,200 --> 00:28:12,800
the fish on the menu. 
In a place where business 

571
00:28:12,800 --> 00:28:15,900
disputes are settled with 
gunpowder freshness, standards 

572
00:28:15,900 --> 00:28:18,100
are probably flexible. 
Shorter. 

573
00:28:18,100 --> 00:28:20,500
Stranger the one who gave you 
the friendly advice about 

574
00:28:20,500 --> 00:28:23,500
knowing when to keep moving his 
positioned himself near the 

575
00:28:23,508 --> 00:28:25,700
door, not blocking it. 
Exactly. 

576
00:28:25,700 --> 00:28:28,300
But making it clear that anyone 
wanting to leave would need to 

577
00:28:28,300 --> 00:28:31,800
get past him. 
The third member of their group 

578
00:28:31,800 --> 00:28:33,300
has moved to cover the back of 
the room. 

579
00:28:33,300 --> 00:28:36,200
Thompson seems to notice these 
movements without looking 

580
00:28:36,200 --> 00:28:39,000
directly at them. 
Brought the whole crew did you? 

581
00:28:39,008 --> 00:28:42,100
That's flattering though. 
I have to say for a friendly 

582
00:28:42,100 --> 00:28:45,300
conversation about money. 
I don't have you boys seem a 

583
00:28:45,300 --> 00:28:49,300
little prepared. 
Just being careful, Carson says 

584
00:28:49,300 --> 00:28:54,400
nothing personal. oh, I'm sure 
Thompson replies just like what 

585
00:28:54,400 --> 00:28:57,700
happened in Prescott was nothing
personal Carson's expression 

586
00:28:57,700 --> 00:29:00,700
changes slightly At The Mention 
Of Prescott and you get the 

587
00:29:00,700 --> 00:29:02,200
feeling that there's a whole 
other story. 

588
00:29:02,200 --> 00:29:06,400
There probably involving more 
cattle, more disagreements, and 

589
00:29:06,400 --> 00:29:09,500
definitely more scars. 
That was business. 

590
00:29:09,500 --> 00:29:12,500
Carson says so is this Thompson 
replies. 

591
00:29:12,500 --> 00:29:15,500
And that's when you realize that
you're not just witnessing a 

592
00:29:15,500 --> 00:29:18,000
confrontation between men with 
the disagreement about money. 

593
00:29:19,000 --> 00:29:21,400
You're watching the continuation
of something that started 

594
00:29:21,400 --> 00:29:24,600
somewhere else, probably 
involving cattle because 

595
00:29:24,600 --> 00:29:27,500
everything in the west seems to 
involve cattle and definitely 

596
00:29:27,500 --> 00:29:30,000
involving the kind of business 
that leaves scars on people's 

597
00:29:30,000 --> 00:29:32,300
faces. 
The room has gone completely 

598
00:29:32,300 --> 00:29:35,500
quiet except for the sound of 
your own heartbeat which seems 

599
00:29:35,500 --> 00:29:39,208
unreasonably loud, give him the 
circumstances, you're trying to 

600
00:29:39,216 --> 00:29:41,700
decide whether finishing your 
whiskey would be a good idea. 

601
00:29:41,700 --> 00:29:46,600
Liquid Curry, or a terrible idea
in judgment when Thompson turns 

602
00:29:46,600 --> 00:29:50,100
slightly and catches your eye. 
He might want to step outside 

603
00:29:50,100 --> 00:29:51,600
for some are friend. 
He says quietly. 

604
00:29:52,400 --> 00:29:54,400
Sometimes these business 
discussions, get a little 

605
00:29:54,408 --> 00:29:57,600
heated, which is probably the 
polite way anyone has ever 

606
00:29:57,600 --> 00:30:00,200
suggested that you evacuate 
before the shooting starts. 

607
00:30:00,200 --> 00:30:02,900
Here's the thing, about the wild
west, that all those Hollywood 

608
00:30:02,900 --> 00:30:05,900
movies, got wrong, most 
confrontations didn't end in 

609
00:30:05,900 --> 00:30:08,300
gunfights. 
They ended in negotiations 

610
00:30:08,300 --> 00:30:11,500
compromises, and people finding 
ways to settle their differences

611
00:30:11,500 --> 00:30:14,600
without ventilating each other. 
Because, despite what the dime 

612
00:30:14,600 --> 00:30:17,100
novel suggested most folks 
preferred being alive to being 

613
00:30:17,100 --> 00:30:20,600
legendary your contemplating 
Thompson suggestion about 

614
00:30:20,600 --> 00:30:23,600
stepping outside when something 
unexpected happens. 

615
00:30:24,700 --> 00:30:28,600
Carson lost Castle, laughs. 
Not with a menacing or bitter 

616
00:30:28,600 --> 00:30:31,900
laugh but with an actual genuine
laugh that changes his entire 

617
00:30:31,900 --> 00:30:33,400
face. 
You know what? 

618
00:30:33,400 --> 00:30:37,200
Bill You're absolutely right. 
This idea is ridiculous. 

619
00:30:38,200 --> 00:30:41,000
He sits back down at his table 
and the tension in the room. 

620
00:30:41,000 --> 00:30:44,200
Does not exactly disappear but 
it shifts into something more 

621
00:30:44,200 --> 00:30:47,800
manageable removing the timer. 
Instead of cutting wires is akin

622
00:30:47,800 --> 00:30:50,700
to diffusing a bomb. 
Were both getting too old for 

623
00:30:50,700 --> 00:30:53,700
this Carson continues. 
And honestly, my employer is an 

624
00:30:53,708 --> 00:30:56,400
idiot. 
Thompson turns around still 

625
00:30:56,400 --> 00:30:58,100
holding his whiskey eyebrows 
raised. 

626
00:30:58,100 --> 00:31:00,400
That's quite an admission coming
from you. 

627
00:31:00,400 --> 00:31:03,500
Well, it's true. 
Sending me in the boys all the 

628
00:31:03,500 --> 00:31:06,500
way out here to collect money. 
That probably doesn't exist from

629
00:31:06,500 --> 00:31:08,100
a job. 
That went sideways six months 

630
00:31:08,100 --> 00:31:10,800
ago from a man who has been 
trying to go straight ever 

631
00:31:10,800 --> 00:31:12,400
since. 
Carson shakes. 

632
00:31:12,400 --> 00:31:15,300
His head some days. 
I wonder why I don't just buy a 

633
00:31:15,300 --> 00:31:18,600
farm and raise chickens. 
The shortest Ranger looks 

634
00:31:18,600 --> 00:31:21,300
confused by this turn of events 
boss. 

635
00:31:21,300 --> 00:31:24,500
We came all this way. 
I know what we came here for. 

636
00:31:24,500 --> 00:31:27,500
Mike, Carson says, but 
occasionally, you get somewhere 

637
00:31:27,500 --> 00:31:29,100
and realize the trip wasn't 
worth taking. 

638
00:31:29,900 --> 00:31:32,400
Thompson moves away from the bar
but toward Carson's table, not 

639
00:31:32,400 --> 00:31:35,000
towards the door. 
He pulls out a chair and sits 

640
00:31:35,000 --> 00:31:37,800
down still cautious but no 
longer looking like he's 

641
00:31:37,800 --> 00:31:40,400
expecting to dodge bullets. 
So what happens? 

642
00:31:40,400 --> 00:31:44,100
Now. 
Thompson asks now, Now we finish

643
00:31:44,100 --> 00:31:46,700
our drinks, you tell me what 
really happened in Tucson, and 

644
00:31:46,700 --> 00:31:48,900
maybe we figure out how to 
explain to my employer, that his

645
00:31:48,900 --> 00:31:51,600
money disappeared Into Thin Air 
without anyone getting shot over

646
00:31:51,600 --> 00:31:54,000
it. 
And just like that, the standoff

647
00:31:54,000 --> 00:31:57,900
becomes a conversation Cowboys 
at the front table, start 

648
00:31:57,900 --> 00:31:59,800
breathing again, the poker 
players. 

649
00:31:59,800 --> 00:32:01,200
Remember they have cards to 
play. 

650
00:32:02,000 --> 00:32:05,200
The saloon girl begins playing 
the piano again this time, she 

651
00:32:05,200 --> 00:32:07,400
selects a more cheerful tune 
than the one she played 

652
00:32:07,400 --> 00:32:10,500
previously, you decide to stay 
put and order another whiskey 

653
00:32:10,500 --> 00:32:13,400
because the scene is turning 
into exactly the kind of 

654
00:32:13,400 --> 00:32:17,300
Frontier drama, you came West to
experience it except without the

655
00:32:17,300 --> 00:32:19,300
Mortal Peril you hadn't really 
plan on. 

656
00:32:20,800 --> 00:32:23,500
Thompson signals, Jake for 
another drink and settles in his

657
00:32:23,500 --> 00:32:26,100
chair. 
Tucson was a disaster from the 

658
00:32:26,100 --> 00:32:27,000
start. 
He begins. 

659
00:32:27,000 --> 00:32:30,500
Your employer had a bank that 
turned out to be expecting us. 

660
00:32:31,800 --> 00:32:35,600
Hide information had to be. 
We walked into that bank and 

661
00:32:35,600 --> 00:32:37,900
found half the territorial 
militia waiting for us. 

662
00:32:37,900 --> 00:32:42,400
Lost two, good men, barely got 
out alive and came away with 

663
00:32:42,400 --> 00:32:44,500
exactly nothing except a 
newfound. 

664
00:32:44,500 --> 00:32:47,700
Appreciation for honest. 
Work, Carson nods thoughtfully. 

665
00:32:47,700 --> 00:32:51,400
That explains some things. 
My employer has been mighty 

666
00:32:51,400 --> 00:32:54,800
closed, mouth about the details,
probably because he set us up. 

667
00:32:54,808 --> 00:32:58,300
Thompson says my guess. 
He made a deal with the law 

668
00:32:58,300 --> 00:33:01,600
decided We Were Expendable and 
figured he'd collect the reward 

669
00:33:01,600 --> 00:33:06,200
money instead of paying us. 
The shortest Ranger Mike looks 

670
00:33:06,200 --> 00:33:09,100
between his boss and tops and 
like he's watching a tennis 

671
00:33:09,100 --> 00:33:11,100
match played with words and of 
balls. 

672
00:33:11,800 --> 00:33:13,400
So there never was any money to 
recover. 

673
00:33:14,300 --> 00:33:17,200
Oh there was money. 
Thompson says just not wear my 

674
00:33:17,200 --> 00:33:20,900
employer thinks it ended up He 
reaches into his coat and for a 

675
00:33:20,900 --> 00:33:23,600
moment everyone tents as again. 
But what he pulls out is a 

676
00:33:23,600 --> 00:33:27,400
folded piece of paper, not a 
weapon Bankrupt, he explained 

677
00:33:27,400 --> 00:33:30,100
showing it to cast and it was 
intended for the Tucson 

678
00:33:30,100 --> 00:33:32,300
orphanage. 
Figured if I was going to steal 

679
00:33:32,300 --> 00:33:34,600
money, I might as well, steal it
for someone who needed it, more 

680
00:33:34,600 --> 00:33:37,800
than your employer did Carson 
examines the paper and his 

681
00:33:37,800 --> 00:33:40,600
expression shifts to one that 
could be interpreted as respect 

682
00:33:41,600 --> 00:33:45,200
You donated stolen money to an 
orphanage. seemed like the right

683
00:33:45,200 --> 00:33:47,500
thing to do at the time, 
Thompson says, for the shrug 

684
00:33:47,500 --> 00:33:51,600
still does actually Mike looks 
completely baffled by this turn 

685
00:33:51,600 --> 00:33:54,500
of events boss, what do we tell 
him back in Phoenix? 

686
00:33:54,500 --> 00:33:57,700
Carson folds, the bank draft, 
and hands, it back to Thompson. 

687
00:33:58,400 --> 00:34:00,000
We tell him that Bill Thompson 
is dead. 

688
00:34:00,900 --> 00:34:03,500
What? 
Mike's voice goes up, an octave 

689
00:34:03,500 --> 00:34:05,700
died in a gunfight tragic, 
really? 

690
00:34:05,700 --> 00:34:09,300
We buried him outside of town 
and said some words a very 

691
00:34:09,300 --> 00:34:12,300
touching ceremony Carson's 
deadpan delivery would make a 

692
00:34:12,308 --> 00:34:16,100
professional poker player. 
Proud Money was never recovered.

693
00:34:16,100 --> 00:34:19,000
He probably spent all the money 
on Whiskey and loose women 

694
00:34:19,000 --> 00:34:23,100
before he died. 
I like it though. 

695
00:34:23,100 --> 00:34:25,400
I prefer to think I spent on 
Whiskey and tight women. 

696
00:34:26,400 --> 00:34:28,600
Details. 
Carson ways to dismissively 

697
00:34:28,600 --> 00:34:31,000
point is, as far as Phoenix as 
concerned. 

698
00:34:31,000 --> 00:34:34,000
This case is closed and that's 
when you realize you've just 

699
00:34:34,000 --> 00:34:37,000
witnessed something remarkable. 
Problem solved, not with 

700
00:34:37,000 --> 00:34:40,900
violence but with creativity 
pragmatism and a healthy dose of

701
00:34:40,908 --> 00:34:44,000
Frontier Justice. 
This solution ensures that 

702
00:34:44,000 --> 00:34:46,699
everyone leaves with their lives
and dignity intact. 

703
00:34:47,699 --> 00:34:49,600
Sloan has returned to something 
approaching normal. 

704
00:34:49,600 --> 00:34:52,199
The poker game has resumed with 
renewed, enthusiasm. 

705
00:34:52,199 --> 00:34:55,500
Apparently nothing makes cards 
more captivating than the 

706
00:34:55,500 --> 00:34:57,900
possibility that you might not 
live to play another hand. 

707
00:34:58,900 --> 00:35:01,500
Cowboys have ordered another 
round and a back to discussing 

708
00:35:01,500 --> 00:35:03,800
whatever, important Cowboy 
business they were discussing 

709
00:35:03,800 --> 00:35:07,800
before the excitement started. 
Carson stands up and extends his

710
00:35:07,800 --> 00:35:10,300
hand to Thompson. 
It's been a pleasure doing 

711
00:35:10,300 --> 00:35:13,000
business with you Bill, or 
should I say, it's been a 

712
00:35:13,000 --> 00:35:14,300
pleasure, not doing business 
with you. 

713
00:35:15,100 --> 00:35:19,100
Thompson shakes, his hand. 
Likewise give my regards to 

714
00:35:19,100 --> 00:35:21,300
Phoenix. 
Tell them I died bravely. 

715
00:35:22,400 --> 00:35:25,500
Oh, I will, I will probably 
include some details about how 

716
00:35:25,500 --> 00:35:27,900
you took three of us with you 
just to make the story more 

717
00:35:27,900 --> 00:35:31,700
interesting. 
Mike still looks confused, but 

718
00:35:31,700 --> 00:35:34,700
the third member of Carson's 
group who's been silent through.

719
00:35:34,700 --> 00:35:38,800
Most of this, finally speaks up.
Does your statement mean we can 

720
00:35:38,800 --> 00:35:41,100
go home now? 
And tired of sleeping on the 

721
00:35:41,100 --> 00:35:43,500
ground. 
Yes, Eddie we can go home. 

722
00:35:43,500 --> 00:35:46,800
Carson says patiently and we can
stop at that hotel in Flagstaff 

723
00:35:46,800 --> 00:35:49,800
on the way back. 
The one with the actual beds, 

724
00:35:49,800 --> 00:35:53,700
the one with the actual beds. 
Eddie brightens considerably at 

725
00:35:53,700 --> 00:35:56,000
this news. 
Apparently even in the wild 

726
00:35:56,000 --> 00:35:58,500
west, a good night's sleep was 
worth more than a questionable, 

727
00:35:58,500 --> 00:36:03,400
gunfight As Carson's group 
prepares to leave the tall man 

728
00:36:03,400 --> 00:36:06,100
pulls his at your table. 
Thanks for the entertainment. 

729
00:36:06,100 --> 00:36:09,100
He says not often do we get to 
watch a business meeting that 

730
00:36:09,100 --> 00:36:10,600
ends with everyone still 
breathing? 

731
00:36:11,400 --> 00:36:14,400
my pleasure, you reply, raising 
your glass in a small salute, 

732
00:36:14,400 --> 00:36:18,200
here's to creative problem, 
solving I'll drink to that. 

733
00:36:18,200 --> 00:36:22,400
Carson says, and surprisingly, 
he does finishing his whiskey in

734
00:36:22,400 --> 00:36:25,100
one smooth motion before Taking 
his hat and heading for the 

735
00:36:25,108 --> 00:36:28,100
door. 
The saloon settles into a 

736
00:36:28,100 --> 00:36:30,300
comfortable evening Rhythm. 
As the three strangers 

737
00:36:30,300 --> 00:36:34,000
disappear, through the Batwing. 
Doors, Thompson moves to the bar

738
00:36:34,000 --> 00:36:36,108
orders. 
Another whiskey and Strikes up a

739
00:36:36,116 --> 00:36:38,900
conversation with Jake about the
weather and the price of cattle.

740
00:36:38,900 --> 00:36:42,400
You sit back in your chair, 
nursing your second whiskey and 

741
00:36:42,408 --> 00:36:46,100
marveling at what you've just 
experienced in the span of two 

742
00:36:46,100 --> 00:36:48,100
hours. 
You've witnessed a Manhunt a 

743
00:36:48,100 --> 00:36:51,000
standoff and negotiation and a 
resolution that would have made 

744
00:36:51,000 --> 00:36:53,900
Solomon proud. 
You've seen grown men solve 

745
00:36:53,900 --> 00:36:57,000
their problems with words and of
weapons and creativity instead 

746
00:36:57,000 --> 00:36:59,700
of violence. 
The saloon girl starts playing 

747
00:36:59,700 --> 00:37:02,800
Red River Valley and this time 
she gets all the notes, right? 

748
00:37:03,700 --> 00:37:05,200
The poker players are laughing 
at something. 

749
00:37:05,200 --> 00:37:08,500
The prospector said, the Cowboys
are planning their next cattle 

750
00:37:08,500 --> 00:37:12,000
drive and you're sitting in a 
wild West Haven drinking 

751
00:37:12,000 --> 00:37:13,500
whiskey. 
That tastes like liquid. 

752
00:37:13,500 --> 00:37:16,800
Campfire, eating stew, that 
could keep you going for a week 

753
00:37:16,800 --> 00:37:21,000
and thinking that maybe just 
maybe the real wild west was 

754
00:37:21,000 --> 00:37:23,600
more intriguing than any 
Hollywood movie ever suggested. 

755
00:37:24,600 --> 00:37:27,600
Because the truth is most 
people, then just like, most 

756
00:37:27,600 --> 00:37:30,300
people now would just trying to 
get through their day without 

757
00:37:30,300 --> 00:37:32,600
too much trouble. 
They wanted to reach a decent 

758
00:37:32,600 --> 00:37:36,100
meal, have a drink with friends,
maybe play some cards and go 

759
00:37:36,108 --> 00:37:39,000
home to their families. 
The fact that they sometimes 

760
00:37:39,000 --> 00:37:42,200
carried guns and settled 
disputes with jewels doesn't 

761
00:37:42,200 --> 00:37:45,300
mean they preferred violence. 
It just means they lived in a 

762
00:37:45,300 --> 00:37:47,900
time and place where being 
prepared for trouble was a 

763
00:37:47,900 --> 00:37:51,200
practical necessity. 
As the evening winds down and 

764
00:37:51,200 --> 00:37:54,100
you can consider heading to 
whatever passes for lodging in 

765
00:37:54,100 --> 00:37:57,200
this Frontier Town, you reflect 
on the lesson you've learned 

766
00:37:57,200 --> 00:37:59,700
tonight. 
Sometimes the most dangerous 

767
00:37:59,700 --> 00:38:03,200
situations are resolved, not by 
the fastest gun or the strongest

768
00:38:03,200 --> 00:38:05,800
fighter. 
But by the person clever enough 

769
00:38:05,800 --> 00:38:08,300
to find a solution that lets 
everyone walk away with their 

770
00:38:08,300 --> 00:38:12,100
pride intact. 
Thompson glances at you from the

771
00:38:12,100 --> 00:38:15,800
bar, raising his glass and a 
small salute to orphanages, he 

772
00:38:15,800 --> 00:38:18,500
says, quietly to orphanages, he 
replies. 

773
00:38:18,500 --> 00:38:20,700
And you both drink to the kind 
of justice that doesn't make 

774
00:38:20,700 --> 00:38:22,400
headlines, but makes the world a
little bit better. 

775
00:38:22,400 --> 00:38:25,400
One, small lack of decent time 
outside. 

776
00:38:25,400 --> 00:38:28,900
The desert Knight is clear and 
cold full of stars that seem 

777
00:38:28,900 --> 00:38:31,900
close enough to touch inside the
Silver Dollar. 

778
00:38:31,900 --> 00:38:35,900
Saloon the oil lamps burn warm 
and steady the piano plays soft 

779
00:38:35,900 --> 00:38:39,000
Melodies and people who've never
met before tomorrow will be 

780
00:38:39,000 --> 00:38:42,200
strangers again, sharing stories
and whiskey and the kind of 

781
00:38:42,208 --> 00:38:44,800
companionship that Travelers 
have always found in places like

782
00:38:44,800 --> 00:38:48,000
this. 
And that more than any gunfight,

783
00:38:48,000 --> 00:38:51,100
or cattle, rustling, or Gold 
Rush drama, is what the wild 

784
00:38:51,100 --> 00:38:55,200
west was really about people 
finding ways to connect to solve

785
00:38:55,200 --> 00:38:58,300
problems and to help each other 
through the challenges of living

786
00:38:58,300 --> 00:39:00,000
in a hard place during a hard 
time. 

787
00:39:00,800 --> 00:39:04,500
Your stew is long, finished. 
Your whiskey glass is empty and 

788
00:39:04,500 --> 00:39:05,800
your adventure. 
In Frontier. 

789
00:39:05,800 --> 00:39:09,000
Dining is complete. 
Tomorrow, you'll climb back on 

790
00:39:09,000 --> 00:39:12,600
that Stagecoach and continue 
West carrying with you, the 

791
00:39:12,600 --> 00:39:15,400
memory of an evening, when the 
wild west revealed itself to be 

792
00:39:15,400 --> 00:39:19,100
not quite as wild as advertised,
but infinitely more fascinating 

793
00:39:19,100 --> 00:39:22,200
than you'd expected. 
Sometimes the best stories 

794
00:39:22,200 --> 00:39:25,800
aren't about the fastest, guns, 
or the biggest fights, sometimes

795
00:39:25,800 --> 00:39:28,100
they're about the moments. 
When Ordinary People find 

796
00:39:28,100 --> 00:39:30,300
extraordinary ways to be decent 
to each other? 

797
00:39:30,300 --> 00:39:35,200
Even when a specially when it 
would be easier, not to be And 

798
00:39:35,200 --> 00:39:38,100
with that thought you finish 
your whiskey tip your hat to 

799
00:39:38,100 --> 00:39:41,100
Jake the bartender nod, farewell
to Thompson and the other 

800
00:39:41,100 --> 00:39:44,700
patrons and push through those 
famous batwing doors into the 

801
00:39:44,700 --> 00:39:48,200
Starfield desert night, carrying
with you, a story worth telling 

802
00:39:48,200 --> 00:39:51,100
and the kind of satisfied 
tiredness that comes from a day.

803
00:39:51,100 --> 00:39:54,900
Well, lived and an evening. 
Well, spent The Silver Dollar 

804
00:39:54,900 --> 00:39:57,200
Saloon settles in to its 
nighttime Rhythm behind. 

805
00:39:57,200 --> 00:39:59,600
You ready to welcome the next 
traveler. 

806
00:39:59,600 --> 00:40:03,200
The next Story, the next small 
drama of frontier life. 

807
00:40:04,100 --> 00:40:05,500
Because that's what places like 
this. 

808
00:40:05,500 --> 00:40:08,800
Do they provide a stage where 
ordinary people can have 

809
00:40:08,800 --> 00:40:11,800
extraordinary moments where 
strangers can become friends 

810
00:40:11,800 --> 00:40:14,400
over a shared meal and a glass 
of something that might 

811
00:40:14,400 --> 00:40:17,800
charitably be called whiskey? 
And in the morning, the 

812
00:40:17,800 --> 00:40:21,100
stagecoach will come and you'll 
climb aboard for the next leg of

813
00:40:21,108 --> 00:40:23,100
your journey. 
But you'll always remember the 

814
00:40:23,100 --> 00:40:25,700
night, you learned that the real
wild west wasn't one with guns. 

815
00:40:25,700 --> 00:40:30,000
It was one with conversation 
creativity and the kind of human

816
00:40:30,000 --> 00:40:34,300
decency that transcends time and
place sweet dreams traveler the 

817
00:40:34,300 --> 00:40:36,800
frontier awaits. 
And now you know, it's not quite

818
00:40:36,800 --> 00:40:39,800
as dangerous as the story 
suggests, just infinitely more 

819
00:40:39,800 --> 00:40:41,200
interesting than you ever 
imagined. 

820
00:40:43,100 --> 00:40:45,700
If sleep still hasn't come, 
maybe that's all right. 

821
00:40:46,700 --> 00:40:49,600
We have other stories placed 
here old and new to help out. 

822
00:40:49,600 --> 00:40:52,800
If you can't seem to drift off. 
These nights of vote the 

823
00:40:52,800 --> 00:40:56,200
sensation of entering a Dusty. 
Wild West Haven where the 

824
00:40:56,200 --> 00:40:59,900
lanterns cast Long Shadows on 
Warren Plank Floors and the only

825
00:40:59,900 --> 00:41:02,600
sounds of the soft Creek of 
stools and the murmur of 

826
00:41:02,608 --> 00:41:04,500
Travelers sharing captivating 
stories. 

827
00:41:05,300 --> 00:41:08,400
The comfort you needed back then
came from a low piano tune in 

828
00:41:08,400 --> 00:41:11,400
the corner. 
The gentle clink of glasses and 

829
00:41:11,400 --> 00:41:14,200
the promised that the sunrise 
would find you safe under an 

830
00:41:14,200 --> 00:41:16,800
Open Sky. 
That's the kind of feeling we're

831
00:41:16,800 --> 00:41:19,800
aiming for here something, warm 
something familiar. 

832
00:41:20,700 --> 00:41:23,400
We appreciate you allowing, 
history and sleep to illuminate 

833
00:41:23,400 --> 00:41:25,000
your porch on these restless 
nights. 

834
00:41:25,000 --> 00:41:29,000
It means more than, you know, 
Now, I'm off to lean against the

835
00:41:29,000 --> 00:41:32,800
bar rail, maybe thumb through a 
weathered Ledger and breathe in 

836
00:41:32,800 --> 00:41:36,000
that whiskey and Oak scent. 
Sweet dreams, my friends. 

837
00:41:36,000 --> 00:41:48,500
And as always, rest easy, 
beneath the frontier Stars, Xan 

838
00:41:48,500 --> 00:41:51,400
Antoinette poisson destined to 
become the immortal. 

839
00:41:51,400 --> 00:41:54,000
Madame de pompadour arrived in a
Paris. 

840
00:41:54,000 --> 00:41:55,600
That was both glittering and 
precarious. 

841
00:41:55,600 --> 00:42:00,900
Born on December the 29th 1721. 
She occupied a curious social 

842
00:42:00,900 --> 00:42:03,800
limbo. 
Her father, Francois Weston 

843
00:42:03,800 --> 00:42:06,500
drifted in and out of business 
success while her mother. 

844
00:42:06,500 --> 00:42:09,900
Louis Madeline De La Motte 
cultivated ties among bankers 

845
00:42:09,900 --> 00:42:13,200
and courtiers rumors insinuated 
that Jan's true. 

846
00:42:13,200 --> 00:42:16,700
Father might be a fancier the 
normal Turner him. 

847
00:42:16,700 --> 00:42:21,600
Whispers aside from infancy, she
received an education, far above

848
00:42:21,600 --> 00:42:24,500
what most middle-class girls 
could dream of learning, not 

849
00:42:24,500 --> 00:42:28,700
only to read and write, but also
to dance, sing and appreciate 

850
00:42:28,700 --> 00:42:31,400
the subtlety of wit skills. 
That would later prove. 

851
00:42:31,400 --> 00:42:34,400
Invaluable her mother. 
Cherished a prophecy from a 

852
00:42:34,400 --> 00:42:37,600
fortune teller, who claimed Jen 
with someday rule, the heart of 

853
00:42:37,600 --> 00:42:41,300
a king store, this prophecy, 
half in jest, guided her 

854
00:42:41,300 --> 00:42:44,300
mother's Ambitions, she 
introduced Jan to private 

855
00:42:44,300 --> 00:42:47,200
tutors, who were immersed, the 
girl in the nuances of theater. 

856
00:42:47,900 --> 00:42:51,100
Music, and the refined manners 
of Parisian salons. 

857
00:42:51,900 --> 00:42:55,100
The child became Adept at 
reciting verses Buy Racine or 

858
00:42:55,100 --> 00:42:58,200
playing, harpsichord preludes. 
People teased that she might 

859
00:42:58,200 --> 00:43:00,100
become a minor actress in the 
city's. 

860
00:43:00,100 --> 00:43:05,600
Comedic troops, instead fate had
something grander in store, At 

861
00:43:05,600 --> 00:43:08,100
age, 9 Gene was placed briefly 
in the Earthly. 

862
00:43:08,100 --> 00:43:11,100
In Convent to polish her, moral 
upbringing though the real 

863
00:43:11,100 --> 00:43:13,800
impetus behind this stay was to 
Shield her from a smallpox 

864
00:43:13,800 --> 00:43:17,300
outbreak. 
There in a stark room with stone

865
00:43:17,300 --> 00:43:20,000
floors. 
She first confronted the gulf 

866
00:43:20,000 --> 00:43:23,000
between the cheer of drawing 
room society and The Bleak 

867
00:43:23,000 --> 00:43:24,700
realities of illness and 
mortality. 

868
00:43:25,800 --> 00:43:29,400
She survived with her health 
intact returning to secular for 

869
00:43:29,400 --> 00:43:32,200
all life with a renewed sense of
carpe diem. 

870
00:43:33,000 --> 00:43:36,600
Her mother's Circle had not 
diminished on the contrary, they

871
00:43:36,600 --> 00:43:39,500
believe Jan's brush with 
potential tragedy demanded that 

872
00:43:39,500 --> 00:43:41,900
she enjoyed the world's 
Pleasures with heightened 

873
00:43:41,900 --> 00:43:45,500
urgency. 
By adolescents, she graced the 

874
00:43:45,500 --> 00:43:49,700
occasional Suarez. 
A presence glowed, large 

875
00:43:49,700 --> 00:43:54,000
expressive eyes. 
A lively intelligence and a 

876
00:43:54,000 --> 00:43:55,200
measured confidence that the 
lied. 

877
00:43:55,200 --> 00:43:57,900
Her youth had to be careful 
though. 

878
00:43:57,900 --> 00:44:00,400
Ambition in a woman could be 
ridiculed or scorned. 

879
00:44:01,200 --> 00:44:05,200
So Jean cultivated an outward. 
Modesty letting her Talent speak

880
00:44:05,200 --> 00:44:08,600
softly. 
Through the dynamic swirl of 

881
00:44:08,600 --> 00:44:10,400
paris's, Hope Bourgeois 
Gatherings. 

882
00:44:10,400 --> 00:44:14,500
She eventually met Charles 
gillom lenormand, a relative of 

883
00:44:14,500 --> 00:44:18,600
huruma Patron, father This 
connection sparked talk of a 

884
00:44:18,600 --> 00:44:20,900
suitable marriage. 
The match appealed to her 

885
00:44:20,900 --> 00:44:24,300
mother, who hoped it would 
secure Jan's future for her part

886
00:44:24,300 --> 00:44:27,800
jeans or in Charles a kind soul,
if not a blazing passion. 

887
00:44:28,600 --> 00:44:31,900
The Union in 1741 launched her 
into a comfortable life of 

888
00:44:31,900 --> 00:44:35,300
receptions and Mild amusements 
on their estate near Paris. 

889
00:44:35,300 --> 00:44:39,500
Yet, the city's gravitational 
pull was strong Jan received 

890
00:44:39,500 --> 00:44:42,100
numerous invitations, to select,
aristocratic salons. 

891
00:44:42,100 --> 00:44:46,600
As people quickly notice her wit
in conversation, she did not shy

892
00:44:46,600 --> 00:44:49,300
it from discussing art or drama 
North from gently. 

893
00:44:49,300 --> 00:44:52,700
Critiquing certain aspects of 
courtly extravagance, that 

894
00:44:52,700 --> 00:44:55,400
slight dash of candle balanced 
by charm. 

895
00:44:55,400 --> 00:44:58,300
Distinguished her from the 
endless, parade of stiff. 

896
00:44:58,300 --> 00:45:03,500
Self-conscious, ladies within 
months word, there is a Madam 

897
00:45:03,500 --> 00:45:06,100
detour whose presence lights up 
any Gathering. 

898
00:45:07,300 --> 00:45:10,600
The contest of fokir introduced 
her to more exclusive circles 

899
00:45:10,600 --> 00:45:14,900
culminating in an opportunity to
attend a mask fall at Versailles

900
00:45:14,900 --> 00:45:19,600
and 1745 celebrating the 
marriage of the dofa there. 

901
00:45:19,600 --> 00:45:23,300
Among a crush of masked 
revelers, she caught the eye of 

902
00:45:23,300 --> 00:45:27,000
King Louis of the 15th. 
The king reticent by nature 

903
00:45:27,000 --> 00:45:30,500
found in her, a refreshing 
mixture of Grace and candle. 

904
00:45:30,500 --> 00:45:33,800
While elaborate intrigues 
swirled around him, this 

905
00:45:33,800 --> 00:45:37,700
newcomer radiated sincerity, 
their brief conversation that 

906
00:45:37,700 --> 00:45:40,400
evening was filled with an 
electricity that neither of them

907
00:45:40,400 --> 00:45:44,300
could forget caught watches 
speculated but none predicted 

908
00:45:44,300 --> 00:45:45,800
how swift the next moves would 
be. 

909
00:45:46,600 --> 00:45:49,100
Madame Dettol was known naive 
made in. 

910
00:45:49,700 --> 00:45:52,000
She recognized the risk of 
courting Royal attention. 

911
00:45:52,000 --> 00:45:56,600
The previous Royal favorite, The
Duchess to Chateau had. 

912
00:45:56,600 --> 00:45:59,500
Recently died, leaving an 
emotional Gap, in the King's 

913
00:45:59,500 --> 00:46:03,100
life, Yet stepping into that 
void threatened Scandal, 

914
00:46:03,100 --> 00:46:05,900
especially for a woman not of 
noble birth. 

915
00:46:06,700 --> 00:46:10,800
Still from behind her. 
Modulated Smiles, Jean sense, 

916
00:46:10,800 --> 00:46:13,300
Destiny aligning. 
The prophecy. 

917
00:46:13,300 --> 00:46:15,100
Her mother wants whispered 
return to mine. 

918
00:46:15,100 --> 00:46:17,300
She would rule the heart of a 
king. 

919
00:46:18,100 --> 00:46:21,700
She recognized that in a rigidly
stratified Society, becoming the

920
00:46:21,700 --> 00:46:25,200
king's Confidant, might be her 
only path to real influence. 

921
00:46:26,500 --> 00:46:28,900
By the Year's End, a plan was 
set in motion. 

922
00:46:29,700 --> 00:46:32,600
The king's Valley, discreetly 
arranged a meeting under the 

923
00:46:32,600 --> 00:46:34,500
veil of secrecy, they exchanged 
letters. 

924
00:46:34,500 --> 00:46:38,400
Her husband, outraged found 
himself powerless, the monarchy 

925
00:46:38,400 --> 00:46:42,200
overshadowed personal protest. 
In March 1745. 

926
00:46:42,200 --> 00:46:45,800
Louis the 15th arranged for her 
to be presented at court 

927
00:46:45,800 --> 00:46:49,000
formerly. 
The once lower Janelle twinette 

928
00:46:49,000 --> 00:46:51,700
was granted, a title Marques de 
pompadour. 

929
00:46:51,700 --> 00:46:56,000
It was a moment of metamorphosis
the fatherless child, the teased

930
00:46:56,000 --> 00:46:57,700
girl, who studied the great 
playwrights. 

931
00:46:57,700 --> 00:47:00,300
Now, stepped onto the grand 
stage of Versailles. 

932
00:47:00,300 --> 00:47:03,500
The next decade would see her 
orchestrate art, patronage 

933
00:47:03,500 --> 00:47:06,500
political alliances and shape 
the monarchy's image. 

934
00:47:07,200 --> 00:47:11,600
Yet behind the Gilded stereos a 
swirl of jealousy rumor and 

935
00:47:11,600 --> 00:47:15,000
heartbreak would dog. 
Her steps for now though, she 

936
00:47:15,000 --> 00:47:17,500
embraced her new name. 
Madame, de pompadour and 

937
00:47:17,500 --> 00:47:20,800
prepared to navigate, the 
Labyrinth of Royal favour in 

938
00:47:20,800 --> 00:47:24,400
1745 when Jan Antoinette poisson
made her debut. 

939
00:47:24,400 --> 00:47:28,300
As the newly minted Marquis De 
pompadour at their side, the 

940
00:47:28,300 --> 00:47:30,300
Gilded corridors were filled 
with admiration. 

941
00:47:30,300 --> 00:47:34,600
She became the first Bourgeois 
to receive open recognition from

942
00:47:34,600 --> 00:47:38,800
a French King elegant, but not 
aristocratic her every move Drew

943
00:47:38,800 --> 00:47:42,400
scrutiny in enemies whispered 
that she had Bewitched Louis the

944
00:47:42,400 --> 00:47:46,100
15th, others admired her 
graceful bearing praising her 

945
00:47:46,100 --> 00:47:48,600
Flawless manners and a 
cultivated charm that 

946
00:47:48,600 --> 00:47:50,700
overshadowed even established 
duchesses. 

947
00:47:50,700 --> 00:47:53,600
The king himself. 
Displayed uncharacteristic 

948
00:47:53,600 --> 00:47:56,200
devotion summoning her for 
private supplies. 

949
00:47:56,200 --> 00:47:59,400
Parading her at formal events 
and awarding her lavish 

950
00:47:59,400 --> 00:48:02,200
apartment. 
In the palace, Versailles was a 

951
00:48:02,200 --> 00:48:05,500
realm of the Illusions behind 
mirror halls and Polished 

952
00:48:05,500 --> 00:48:10,000
marbles like Cutthroat rival. 
The courtiers ephemeral in their

953
00:48:10,000 --> 00:48:13,100
silks and powdered wigs circled,
Madame, de pompadour, like 

954
00:48:13,100 --> 00:48:16,400
vultures some attempted 
flattery, showering, her with 

955
00:48:16,400 --> 00:48:19,600
compliments in hopes of winning 
her intercession with the King, 

956
00:48:19,600 --> 00:48:22,300
others. 
Plotted to Dethrone her fearing.

957
00:48:22,300 --> 00:48:25,300
That her influence might reshape
politics among these. 

958
00:48:25,300 --> 00:48:27,100
Conspirators was the dolphin 
Circle. 

959
00:48:27,100 --> 00:48:30,700
Along with older aristocratic 
families, who scorned a mere 

960
00:48:30,700 --> 00:48:34,300
commoner overshadowing them yet.
Madame de pompadour remained 

961
00:48:34,300 --> 00:48:36,800
unfazed. 
She had honed her social 

962
00:48:36,800 --> 00:48:40,000
instincts in the Bourgeois 
salons and her intellect soared 

963
00:48:40,000 --> 00:48:43,300
Beyond Miracle tree. 
She recognized that the surest 

964
00:48:43,300 --> 00:48:46,200
path to security was to make 
herself indispensable to Louis, 

965
00:48:46,200 --> 00:48:49,300
the 15th, not merely as a bed 
fellow, but as a confidant, 

966
00:48:50,200 --> 00:48:52,400
Counselor and orchestrator of 
cultural life. 

967
00:48:53,200 --> 00:48:56,100
She set about renovating her 
living quarters pointing them 

968
00:48:56,100 --> 00:48:59,600
with some just tapestries 
elegant furniture and curated 

969
00:48:59,600 --> 00:49:01,800
artworks. 
The effort wasn't me a 

970
00:49:01,800 --> 00:49:04,500
self-indulgent. 
It mirrored her ambition to make

971
00:49:04,500 --> 00:49:06,700
Versailles a beacon of refined 
taste. 

972
00:49:07,800 --> 00:49:09,600
She championed the rokoko 
aesthetic. 

973
00:49:10,300 --> 00:49:12,100
Style that favored playful 
curves. 

974
00:49:13,000 --> 00:49:16,700
Stell Hughes and Whimsical 
motifs under her patronage 

975
00:49:16,700 --> 00:49:20,400
artists like Boucher and vanilla
gained commission's for witty 

976
00:49:20,400 --> 00:49:23,800
lighthearted painting's 
porcelain from the several 

977
00:49:23,800 --> 00:49:26,700
Factory which she helped develop
became a symbol of French 

978
00:49:26,700 --> 00:49:30,600
craftsmanship prized across 
Europe. the Synergy of her 

979
00:49:30,600 --> 00:49:33,800
aesthetic sense with the 
monarchy's resources, birthstone

980
00:49:33,800 --> 00:49:36,800
era in which the French Court 
style reigned Supreme among 

981
00:49:36,800 --> 00:49:40,300
Europe's Elites, But Madame, de 
pompadour, did not confine 

982
00:49:40,300 --> 00:49:42,800
herself to the Arts. 
She also recognized the 

983
00:49:42,800 --> 00:49:46,000
intricacies of diplomacy. 
France, teetered between 

984
00:49:46,000 --> 00:49:49,100
alliances with Spain Austria. 
Another Powers. 

985
00:49:49,100 --> 00:49:52,000
Meanwhile rival Britain loomed 
across the channel. 

986
00:49:52,000 --> 00:49:54,700
Its Navy, menacing French, 
Colonial interests. 

987
00:49:54,700 --> 00:49:58,400
Louis the 15th though 
well-intentioned often avoided 

988
00:49:58,400 --> 00:50:01,400
direct policy making retreating 
to hunting or private 

989
00:50:01,400 --> 00:50:03,500
amusements. 
Pompadour stepped into that 

990
00:50:03,500 --> 00:50:06,000
vacuum forging ties with 
ministers and ambassadors. 

991
00:50:06,000 --> 00:50:09,400
She guided the choice of the 
foreign minister favored, 

992
00:50:09,400 --> 00:50:13,200
certain generals and mediated 
tensions at home critics 

993
00:50:13,200 --> 00:50:15,100
scorned. 
The idea of a woman, controlling

994
00:50:15,100 --> 00:50:18,400
foreign policy, she brushed 
aside their derision focusing on

995
00:50:18,400 --> 00:50:20,300
forging alliances that might 
bring stability. 

996
00:50:20,300 --> 00:50:25,300
This 1756, diplomatic 
Revolution, aligning France with

997
00:50:25,300 --> 00:50:29,200
Austria or her fingerprints. 
Although the subsequent Seven 

998
00:50:29,200 --> 00:50:32,200
Years War turned disastrous for 
France, won cannot dismiss her 

999
00:50:32,200 --> 00:50:34,300
attempt to recalibrate 
alliance's in a fracturing 

1000
00:50:34,300 --> 00:50:37,900
Europe as mistress. 
She also faced the vulnerability

1001
00:50:37,900 --> 00:50:39,400
that her bedroom role might 
wane. 

1002
00:50:40,200 --> 00:50:42,100
Louis the 15th known for a 
roving. 

1003
00:50:42,100 --> 00:50:44,900
I could have set her aside once 
novelty faded. 

1004
00:50:45,500 --> 00:50:48,200
She addressed that possibility 
head-on by establishing a deeper

1005
00:50:48,200 --> 00:50:51,000
emotional bond with him. 
She cultivated a warm 

1006
00:50:51,000 --> 00:50:53,800
companionship shared 
intellectual Pursuits, and even 

1007
00:50:53,800 --> 00:50:57,100
managed his anxiety or 
indecision in state matters, 

1008
00:50:57,100 --> 00:51:01,100
aware that physical intimacy 
might recede, she pivoted to 

1009
00:51:01,100 --> 00:51:04,600
become his loyal friend advising
on matters, ranging from 

1010
00:51:04,600 --> 00:51:06,600
building projects to Royal 
ceremonies. 

1011
00:51:07,500 --> 00:51:10,300
Over time, though, the Romantic 
spark diminished. 

1012
00:51:11,100 --> 00:51:12,600
The emotional closeness, 
lingard. 

1013
00:51:13,400 --> 00:51:16,900
If gossip circulated that her 
sexual influence at ended, she 

1014
00:51:16,900 --> 00:51:21,100
retained the king's trust in her
place as a fixture at a quart. 

1015
00:51:22,100 --> 00:51:25,800
Amid the courts swirling 
intrigues, pompadours championed

1016
00:51:25,800 --> 00:51:28,900
philosophers and writers 
Voltaire previously. 

1017
00:51:28,900 --> 00:51:33,300
Scorned at Versailles founded in
her rare Ally, she admired his 

1018
00:51:33,300 --> 00:51:36,500
wit and though cautious about 
averti challenging the church or

1019
00:51:36,500 --> 00:51:40,300
censorship she quietly 
facilitated his projects did 

1020
00:51:40,300 --> 00:51:43,600
DeRozan a compendium that 
threatened the old guard with 

1021
00:51:43,600 --> 00:51:47,200
new ideas also benefited in 
directly from her protective 

1022
00:51:47,200 --> 00:51:49,800
Stars. 
She believed that the monarchy 

1023
00:51:49,800 --> 00:51:52,200
could remain stable while 
fostering Progressive, thought 

1024
00:51:52,200 --> 00:51:56,400
an irony, perhaps, given that 
future, revolutionaries Drew on 

1025
00:51:56,400 --> 00:51:59,000
such Enlightenment Works to 
question Royal Authority. 

1026
00:51:59,800 --> 00:52:03,700
For her part pompadours or no 
contradiction, she wanted a 

1027
00:52:03,700 --> 00:52:06,000
monarchy polish by reason and 
aesthetic Brilliance. 

1028
00:52:06,000 --> 00:52:08,900
Not a stagnant Relic in the 
shadows health. 

1029
00:52:08,900 --> 00:52:12,300
Concerns began plaguing her, she
suffered from bouts of illness, 

1030
00:52:12,300 --> 00:52:16,400
like the exacerbated, by stress.
The palace doctors incompetent 

1031
00:52:16,400 --> 00:52:19,600
by the modern standards, offered
only bleeding or tonics. 

1032
00:52:20,200 --> 00:52:23,200
He pressed on orchestrating 
plays hosting literary salons, 

1033
00:52:23,200 --> 00:52:25,300
and continuing to count the 
king. 

1034
00:52:26,400 --> 00:52:30,100
The year, 1757 brought a narrow 
brush with death for Louie the 

1035
00:52:30,100 --> 00:52:32,100
15th. 
Which consisted of an 

1036
00:52:32,100 --> 00:52:35,200
assassination attempt by 
Damien's, which rattled the 

1037
00:52:35,200 --> 00:52:39,100
monarchy. 
Pompadours unwavering presents 

1038
00:52:39,100 --> 00:52:41,600
urging. 
Carmen punishing conspirators, 

1039
00:52:41,600 --> 00:52:44,400
further. 
Solidified, her position she had

1040
00:52:44,400 --> 00:52:46,600
become more than a mistress or a
decorative figure. 

1041
00:52:46,600 --> 00:52:50,800
She was the monarchy's anchor of
continuity, bridging personal 

1042
00:52:50,800 --> 00:52:53,400
comfort for the king and the 
broader cultural identity of the

1043
00:52:53,400 --> 00:52:56,700
era despite swirling rumor and 
envy. 

1044
00:52:56,700 --> 00:53:00,400
She pressed on aware that her 
star might dim at any moment. 

1045
00:53:00,400 --> 00:53:03,000
But determined to leave a 
luminous mark on France's 

1046
00:53:03,000 --> 00:53:04,400
cultural and political 
landscape. 

1047
00:53:05,100 --> 00:53:09,400
As the 1750s advanced Madame de 
pompadours Role in Versailles 

1048
00:53:09,400 --> 00:53:12,100
crystallized. 
She reigned as an unmatched 

1049
00:53:12,100 --> 00:53:15,500
patroness of the Arts, ensuring 
that the palace no longer served

1050
00:53:15,500 --> 00:53:17,500
solely as a symbol of absolute 
monarchy. 

1051
00:53:17,500 --> 00:53:21,700
But also as a stage for Creative
brilliance, She championed 

1052
00:53:21,700 --> 00:53:24,800
painters like Francois Boucher, 
whose pastoral scenes and 

1053
00:53:24,800 --> 00:53:26,800
playful mythologies, perfectly 
suited. 

1054
00:53:26,800 --> 00:53:31,000
The Rocco style pompadour adored
through her influence, tapestry,

1055
00:53:31,000 --> 00:53:33,300
workshops in Beauvais, and 
goblins, reached New, Heights, 

1056
00:53:33,300 --> 00:53:37,400
weaving, dreamlike Landscapes, 
that graced Royal salons yet. 

1057
00:53:37,400 --> 00:53:39,700
Her Artistry extended Beyond 
commissions. 

1058
00:53:39,700 --> 00:53:43,600
She personally oversaw, color 
schemes, interior, decorations, 

1059
00:53:43,600 --> 00:53:47,700
and table settings for State. 
Banquets In an age, when women's

1060
00:53:47,700 --> 00:53:50,200
influence was often restricted 
to the domestic sphere, 

1061
00:53:50,200 --> 00:53:53,700
pompadour turned domestic 
Aesthetics into a grand cultural

1062
00:53:53,700 --> 00:53:55,700
statement. 
Simultaneously. 

1063
00:53:55,700 --> 00:53:58,900
She strengthened ties with 
intellectuals her secret 

1064
00:53:58,900 --> 00:54:02,300
exchanges of letters with 
Voltaire stand out though she 

1065
00:54:02,308 --> 00:54:05,300
never fully endorsed his more 
radical critiques of religion or

1066
00:54:05,300 --> 00:54:09,100
monarchy She appreciated his wit
and recognized the advantage of 

1067
00:54:09,100 --> 00:54:10,600
having a famous pain on her 
side. 

1068
00:54:10,600 --> 00:54:14,400
The philosopher invade her 
proximity to power while she 

1069
00:54:14,400 --> 00:54:15,700
admired his intellectual 
boldness. 

1070
00:54:16,800 --> 00:54:19,600
Tales say she even facilitated 
volta's appointment as 

1071
00:54:19,600 --> 00:54:22,000
historiographer to Louis the 
15th, though. 

1072
00:54:22,000 --> 00:54:25,600
Discreetly them all to avoid 
conservative as accusing her of 

1073
00:54:25,600 --> 00:54:29,200
promoting subversive ideas. 
She treadmill carefully when 

1074
00:54:29,200 --> 00:54:32,700
dealing with Dido. 
The instantly tested the 

1075
00:54:32,700 --> 00:54:35,300
monarchy's tolerance so 
pompadour approached its 

1076
00:54:35,300 --> 00:54:38,600
controversies with caution 
ensuring that while sensors 

1077
00:54:38,600 --> 00:54:40,400
barked. 
They rarely bit too deep. 

1078
00:54:41,500 --> 00:54:44,900
He saw France's future in a 
delicate balance enlightened 

1079
00:54:44,900 --> 00:54:48,600
thinking might modernize the 
monarchy but unbridled criticism

1080
00:54:48,600 --> 00:54:51,800
could incite Rebellion. 
Her relationship with the King 

1081
00:54:51,800 --> 00:54:55,300
evolved in tandem the early 
romantic further had called 

1082
00:54:55,300 --> 00:54:59,100
replaced by an affectionate 
friendship, some courtiers 

1083
00:54:59,100 --> 00:55:02,600
quietly mocked that she no 
longer shared the Royal bed but 

1084
00:55:02,600 --> 00:55:04,200
had become headmistress of 
culture. 

1085
00:55:04,200 --> 00:55:08,200
Others believed she retained 
intangible intimacy beyond the 

1086
00:55:08,208 --> 00:55:12,500
Physical Realm, that anchored 
the king's trust, she became the

1087
00:55:12,500 --> 00:55:14,200
caretaker of his emotional 
well-being. 

1088
00:55:14,200 --> 00:55:18,600
Scheduling a musement to lighten
his melancholic moods She also 

1089
00:55:18,600 --> 00:55:21,700
shielded him from certain Noble,
factions, who stoked Conflict 

1090
00:55:21,700 --> 00:55:24,800
for personal gain. 
If the king found more fleeting 

1091
00:55:24,800 --> 00:55:29,100
conquests Madame, de pompadour, 
rarely intervene focusing on 

1092
00:55:29,100 --> 00:55:32,900
preserving her unique Bond. 
You possess to surprising 

1093
00:55:32,900 --> 00:55:36,600
Serenity, underpinned by the 
conviction that her Mastery of 

1094
00:55:36,608 --> 00:55:40,100
conversation, taste and 
sincerity kept her 

1095
00:55:40,100 --> 00:55:42,900
indispensable. 
However, the Seven Years War 

1096
00:55:42,900 --> 00:55:47,800
erupting in 1756 tested her 
position, the war, pitted 

1097
00:55:47,800 --> 00:55:51,100
France, against Britain Prussia 
and other shifting alliances 

1098
00:55:51,100 --> 00:55:55,000
many pointed at her, for the 
Diplomatic Revolution alliances 

1099
00:55:55,000 --> 00:55:58,000
that had France supporting 
Austria, the war's initial 

1100
00:55:58,000 --> 00:56:00,900
campaigns went poorly for 
France, specially overseas, 

1101
00:56:00,900 --> 00:56:05,100
where British Fleet seized 
French colonies at home, taxes 

1102
00:56:05,100 --> 00:56:09,400
sword to fund failing armies and
the populace grew restive rival,

1103
00:56:09,400 --> 00:56:12,900
courtiers pinned, blame on 
pompadour accusing her of 

1104
00:56:12,900 --> 00:56:16,600
amateur interference. 
In Grand strategy, pamphleteers 

1105
00:56:16,600 --> 00:56:20,700
circulated, nasty character's 
depicting her in Throne pulling 

1106
00:56:20,700 --> 00:56:22,600
puppet strings while generals 
countdown. 

1107
00:56:23,300 --> 00:56:26,900
She responded calmly urging the 
king to replace incompetent 

1108
00:56:26,900 --> 00:56:30,300
ministers, and reorganized 
finance's, that morale was low. 

1109
00:56:31,100 --> 00:56:33,500
The humiliation on the 
battlefield tarnished, both the 

1110
00:56:33,500 --> 00:56:37,800
monarchies image and her own. 
In this crisis, she allied with 

1111
00:56:37,808 --> 00:56:41,300
the Duke Deshler a capable 
Statesman, who shared her vision

1112
00:56:41,300 --> 00:56:43,900
of stabilizing foreign policy 
together. 

1113
00:56:43,900 --> 00:56:47,500
They reformed, the Navy tried to
unify command and pursued new 

1114
00:56:47,500 --> 00:56:50,000
loans. 
The results took time these 

1115
00:56:50,000 --> 00:56:52,000
measures slowed, the Hemorrhage 
of French fortunes. 

1116
00:56:52,000 --> 00:56:54,700
Meanwhile, she commissioned 
elaborate stage entertainment 

1117
00:56:54,700 --> 00:56:58,400
within Versailles to maintain a 
veneer of opulence, hoping that 

1118
00:56:58,400 --> 00:57:01,900
even as the war, raged the court
sense of refinement, Might 

1119
00:57:01,900 --> 00:57:05,100
soothe the king's anxieties 
critics referred to her as 

1120
00:57:05,100 --> 00:57:08,800
frivolous yet, she steadfastly 
maintained that if the monarchy 

1121
00:57:08,800 --> 00:57:11,800
seemed to crumble from within 
the entire nation could become 

1122
00:57:11,800 --> 00:57:14,300
disheartened. 
Rumors swirled that she 

1123
00:57:14,300 --> 00:57:17,000
occasionally wept in private, at
the walls mounting casualties 

1124
00:57:17,000 --> 00:57:19,200
feeling guilt for the Diplomatic
shifts. 

1125
00:57:19,200 --> 00:57:20,900
That had set off the complex 
chain of events. 

1126
00:57:20,900 --> 00:57:24,300
Others insisted her tears were 
for the loss of her own 

1127
00:57:24,300 --> 00:57:27,200
political clout. 
The truth, likely combine. 

1128
00:57:27,200 --> 00:57:30,000
These facets as a woman 
possessing more influence than 

1129
00:57:30,008 --> 00:57:32,400
many Statesmen. 
She carried a heavy burden of 

1130
00:57:32,400 --> 00:57:35,300
accountability. 
Nonetheless, she pressed on with

1131
00:57:35,300 --> 00:57:38,000
unwavering composure, greeting 
ambassadors. 

1132
00:57:38,000 --> 00:57:41,600
Politely offering them, the best
French wines and deflecting 

1133
00:57:41,600 --> 00:57:44,800
barbs about lost battles with 
the impeccable politeness of a 

1134
00:57:44,800 --> 00:57:47,300
Hostess who would not let Gloom 
overshadow, the monarchy's 

1135
00:57:47,300 --> 00:57:50,500
Majesty. 
All the, while a health frayed, 

1136
00:57:50,500 --> 00:57:53,700
she suffered from frequent 
migraines for spiritually 

1137
00:57:53,700 --> 00:57:56,400
infections, and perhaps, the 
early signs of tuberculosis, 

1138
00:57:56,400 --> 00:58:00,200
their size is damp corridors and
unpredictable weather. 

1139
00:58:00,200 --> 00:58:02,900
Hardly helped yet to preserve 
Her Image. 

1140
00:58:02,900 --> 00:58:06,500
She rarely admitted weakness 
continuing to preside over 

1141
00:58:06,500 --> 00:58:10,100
official, Gatherings, and 
Sumptuous gowns, a faint smile 

1142
00:58:10,100 --> 00:58:12,600
on her lips. 
She can fight it in a small 

1143
00:58:12,600 --> 00:58:15,600
circle noting that though, her 
body felt battered. 

1144
00:58:16,400 --> 00:58:19,700
A spirit remained fiery, she was
known naive on Juneau, she 

1145
00:58:19,700 --> 00:58:22,100
recognized that. 
If her health collapsed, her 

1146
00:58:22,100 --> 00:58:25,200
enemies would sweep in 
reconfiguring the monarchy 

1147
00:58:25,200 --> 00:58:27,900
circle of favorites. 
She needed to maintain her 

1148
00:58:27,900 --> 00:58:30,900
integrity at least in public to 
prevent the flame of her 

1149
00:58:30,900 --> 00:58:35,200
Ambitions from fading as the war
continued into the early 1760s. 

1150
00:58:35,200 --> 00:58:38,700
The reputation of Madame de 
pompadour began to fade due to 

1151
00:58:38,708 --> 00:58:42,900
her numerous defeats many 
corners of their Sai whispered 

1152
00:58:42,900 --> 00:58:45,700
that the monarchy needed 
scapegoat for the lost battles 

1153
00:58:45,700 --> 00:58:48,700
in distant lands, like the 
humiliation in India, and 

1154
00:58:48,700 --> 00:58:52,400
Canada, and who better to blame 
than the Bourgeois turned 

1155
00:58:52,400 --> 00:58:55,500
State's woman. 
Meanwhile King Louis. 

1156
00:58:55,500 --> 00:58:59,500
The 15th had grown more taciturn
burdened by Gloom as reports 

1157
00:58:59,500 --> 00:59:01,800
from the front lines, showcased 
it Fiasco. 

1158
00:59:01,800 --> 00:59:05,600
After Fiasco pompadour though 
refused to retreat Into 

1159
00:59:05,600 --> 00:59:08,400
Obscurity, she believed her 
cultural Legacy. 

1160
00:59:08,400 --> 00:59:11,900
If not her foreign policies 
might get Salvage, her name in 

1161
00:59:11,900 --> 00:59:15,700
history, she threw herself into 
Grand architectural projects. 

1162
00:59:15,700 --> 00:59:19,000
The petty Trianon. 
For instance took shape as a 

1163
00:59:19,000 --> 00:59:22,800
small shadow in the palace's 
grounds officially, it was an 

1164
00:59:22,800 --> 00:59:26,200
expression of refined tastes and
embodiment of the new 

1165
00:59:26,200 --> 00:59:28,400
neoclassical style that was 
edging out. 

1166
00:59:28,400 --> 00:59:32,000
Rocco flamboyant. 
Pompadour championed this shift,

1167
00:59:32,000 --> 00:59:36,900
instructing Architects to favor 
Clarity portion and a gentle 

1168
00:59:36,900 --> 00:59:40,100
grandeur. 
She oversaw Landscaping heuring 

1169
00:59:40,100 --> 00:59:42,700
the gardens offered a tranquil 
Retreat, from their size, 

1170
00:59:42,700 --> 00:59:45,900
stifling pomp. 
Those are some courtiers mocked 

1171
00:59:45,900 --> 00:59:49,000
the expense amid a draining War.
She defended it as fostering 

1172
00:59:49,000 --> 00:59:50,600
National Artistry and 
craftsmanship. 

1173
00:59:50,600 --> 00:59:55,600
Indeed her unwavering support 
for several porcelain tapestry 

1174
00:59:55,600 --> 00:59:58,500
Weavers and furniture makers 
kept them afloat, despite 

1175
00:59:58,500 --> 01:00:02,200
war-induced Financial crises 
these actions, ironically 

1176
01:00:02,200 --> 01:00:05,000
preserved, France's Global 
reputation for luxury goods. 

1177
01:00:05,000 --> 01:00:09,700
Even as military fortunes waned,
a more private Pastime was her 

1178
01:00:09,700 --> 01:00:11,400
encouragement of scientific 
curiosity. 

1179
01:00:11,400 --> 01:00:14,800
She facilitated Gatherings where
mathematicians and natural 

1180
01:00:14,800 --> 01:00:18,200
philosophers demonstrated the 
latest theories on electricity 

1181
01:00:18,200 --> 01:00:22,800
or the Cosmos on rare nights. 
The king himself might wander in

1182
01:00:22,800 --> 01:00:26,200
feigning mild interest while she
asked pointed questions about 

1183
01:00:26,200 --> 01:00:28,600
planetary, orbits or 
experimental contractions. 

1184
01:00:28,600 --> 01:00:31,900
If Summit Court, founded absurd 
for a mistress to delve into 

1185
01:00:31,900 --> 01:00:34,100
science. 
She responded with an elegant 

1186
01:00:34,100 --> 01:00:37,600
shrug Beauty. 
She believed encompassed 

1187
01:00:37,600 --> 01:00:40,200
knowledge too though. 
Never an Enlightenment radical. 

1188
01:00:40,200 --> 01:00:43,000
She saw, no harm in letting 
conversation roam Beyond strict 

1189
01:00:43,000 --> 01:00:45,600
Orthodoxy. 
Provided it didn't undermine 

1190
01:00:45,600 --> 01:00:47,900
monarchy or faith. 
At her private. 

1191
01:00:47,900 --> 01:00:51,700
Dinners over here, discussion of
Newton Echoes of voltaire's 

1192
01:00:51,700 --> 01:00:55,100
praise for Newtonian physics and
speculation is about whether the

1193
01:00:55,100 --> 01:00:58,600
cosmos reflected God's Grandeur 
or reasons Supremacy. 

1194
01:00:58,600 --> 01:01:03,000
Despite this glow of 
intellectual patronage. the war 

1195
01:01:03,000 --> 01:01:07,400
pounded on culminating in the 
Treaty of Paris 1763, which 

1196
01:01:07,400 --> 01:01:11,300
sealed France's losses, 
overseas, the Kings morale sank 

1197
01:01:11,300 --> 01:01:15,100
further as did public opinion of
the monarchy, Let's Checker 

1198
01:01:15,100 --> 01:01:17,000
coffers had been gutted, 
complicating. 

1199
01:01:17,000 --> 01:01:19,400
The monarchies ability to 
placate unrest at home. 

1200
01:01:21,000 --> 01:01:23,900
The Marquis faced renewed calls 
from influential dukes and 

1201
01:01:23,908 --> 01:01:28,300
princes to step aside. 
But each time Louis the 15th 

1202
01:01:28,300 --> 01:01:31,800
reaffirmed, her presence. 
telling critics quietly that her

1203
01:01:31,800 --> 01:01:34,300
loyalty and Council were more 
precious than ephemeral 

1204
01:01:34,300 --> 01:01:38,000
scapegoats even so her influence
on foreign or Economic Policy 

1205
01:01:38,000 --> 01:01:41,700
receded somewhat Seeding space 
to ministers, like the Duke de. 

1206
01:01:42,800 --> 01:01:45,600
She recognized that sometimes 
stepping back could preserve her

1207
01:01:45,600 --> 01:01:48,100
position in a monarchy grown 
suspicious of overreach. 

1208
01:01:48,900 --> 01:01:51,900
A personal life, took a 
Bittersweet turn as well while 

1209
01:01:51,900 --> 01:01:54,900
she and Louis, the 15th, parted 
physically, there are emotional 

1210
01:01:54,900 --> 01:01:58,400
bond in endured, she oversaw 
some discreet, new favorite for 

1211
01:01:58,400 --> 01:02:01,400
the king, ensuring their 
remained overshadowed by her 

1212
01:02:01,400 --> 01:02:04,900
studio and emotional role. 
This Arrangement caused outward 

1213
01:02:04,900 --> 01:02:08,400
Scandal like a mistress who 
arranged lesser Mistresses for 

1214
01:02:08,400 --> 01:02:11,800
the king to her. 
It was a strategy to maintain 

1215
01:02:11,800 --> 01:02:14,500
Unity. 
She avoided Illusions about 

1216
01:02:14,500 --> 01:02:16,600
romance. 
She valued the monarchy 

1217
01:02:16,600 --> 01:02:19,500
stability, a safety, and the 
King's contentment. 

1218
01:02:20,400 --> 01:02:22,500
Courteous who smelled hypocrisy 
could do little. 

1219
01:02:22,500 --> 01:02:27,100
But whisper, Meanwhile, 
exhaustion nordid her, her 

1220
01:02:27,100 --> 01:02:30,000
health demands sword. 
She sought cures in Mineral 

1221
01:02:30,000 --> 01:02:34,700
baths sojourns to Fresh country,
air or quacks that times. 

1222
01:02:34,700 --> 01:02:38,200
She coughed blood, a dire sign. 
Doctors pleaded with her to 

1223
01:02:38,200 --> 01:02:41,900
relinquish intense Court duties,
she demurred worried. 

1224
01:02:41,900 --> 01:02:44,900
The vacuum might invite her 
enemies to Corner the King on 

1225
01:02:44,900 --> 01:02:48,100
good days, she could host a 
modest dinner, entertaining 

1226
01:02:48,100 --> 01:02:51,500
ambassadors with Ryan anecdotes 
about cultural Trifles on 

1227
01:02:51,500 --> 01:02:54,300
terrible days. 
She lay bed ridden, instructing,

1228
01:02:54,300 --> 01:02:58,900
maids to deliver urgent messages
to or from the king's cabinet 

1229
01:02:58,900 --> 01:03:02,200
rumors circulated that she might
not outlive the decade. 

1230
01:03:02,900 --> 01:03:04,900
Some courtiers rejoice in that 
possibility. 

1231
01:03:06,400 --> 01:03:09,700
One more morning in 1764 she 
traveled to Paris from medical 

1232
01:03:09,700 --> 01:03:12,900
consultation. 
The city a buzz with new 

1233
01:03:12,900 --> 01:03:16,100
philosophic clubs, briefly 
reminded her of simpler times 

1234
01:03:16,100 --> 01:03:19,100
long before she was Madame de 
pompadour, when she was just 

1235
01:03:19,100 --> 01:03:23,200
Gente or thrilled by the 
capitals Vibrance sea Nostalgia,

1236
01:03:23,200 --> 01:03:27,200
mingled with anxiety about her 
fate, the doctors diagnosis was 

1237
01:03:27,200 --> 01:03:30,000
grim and advanced pulmonary 
disease. 

1238
01:03:30,000 --> 01:03:32,600
She still resolved to return to 
their side. 

1239
01:03:32,600 --> 01:03:35,500
Determined not to show Mortal 
Frailty in front of her 

1240
01:03:35,500 --> 01:03:37,800
detractors. 
The monarchy demanded, the 

1241
01:03:37,800 --> 01:03:42,900
facade of unchanging Grace. 
In April 1764, her condition, 

1242
01:03:42,900 --> 01:03:47,000
deteriorated sharply the final 
days saw her writing letters to 

1243
01:03:47,000 --> 01:03:50,400
Loyal friends, expressing 
regret, not for her climb, but 

1244
01:03:50,400 --> 01:03:53,700
for the heartbreaking flicted 
and the walls tragedies, the 

1245
01:03:53,700 --> 01:03:57,100
king uncharacteristically, 
emotional visited her. 

1246
01:03:57,100 --> 01:04:01,800
Bedside offering Comfort on 
April 15th. 1764 Madame de 

1247
01:04:01,800 --> 01:04:04,900
pompadour died, at the age of 
42, the courts immediate 

1248
01:04:04,900 --> 01:04:07,000
response was a wave of mixed 
sentiment. 

1249
01:04:07,600 --> 01:04:10,800
Some courtiers were relieved 
others stunned at the end of an 

1250
01:04:10,800 --> 01:04:13,500
era. 
The king famously stoic watched 

1251
01:04:13,500 --> 01:04:18,000
her coffin, Levi, in the rain, 
reportedly muttering every day. 

1252
01:04:19,900 --> 01:04:23,100
The mistress who had soared from
bourjois berth to the Apex of 

1253
01:04:23,100 --> 01:04:26,500
courtly power. 
Now belong to history leaving 

1254
01:04:26,500 --> 01:04:30,000
behind a legacy of cultural. 
Revival over shadowed by a 

1255
01:04:30,000 --> 01:04:32,600
disastrous War. 
There were ephemeral in Mortal 

1256
01:04:32,600 --> 01:04:35,000
form her. 
Imprint on France's art 

1257
01:04:35,000 --> 01:04:38,600
diplomacy and monarchical 
identity resonated long after 

1258
01:04:38,600 --> 01:04:41,600
her final breath. 
The news of the death of Madame 

1259
01:04:41,600 --> 01:04:44,900
de pompadour swept, through 
France's chattering classes, a 

1260
01:04:44,900 --> 01:04:48,300
casket left side quietly, 
without the state honors, some 

1261
01:04:48,300 --> 01:04:50,700
believe. 
She deserved signifying, the 

1262
01:04:50,700 --> 01:04:53,100
monarchies official reluctant to
over celebrate. 

1263
01:04:53,100 --> 01:04:57,900
A mistress Yet Beyond The Palace
Gates, a more nuanced reaction 

1264
01:04:57,900 --> 01:05:02,400
emerged, The Artisans of several
of porcelain laid wreaths in her

1265
01:05:02,400 --> 01:05:05,400
memory recalling that her 
patronage had elevated their 

1266
01:05:05,400 --> 01:05:09,000
craft to Global renown. 
Playwrights in paris's bustling 

1267
01:05:09,000 --> 01:05:11,500
theaters acknowledged her 
crucial role in supporting 

1268
01:05:11,500 --> 01:05:15,000
comedic and dramatic works. 
Especially those by authors who 

1269
01:05:15,000 --> 01:05:16,900
previously found no foothold at 
court. 

1270
01:05:17,600 --> 01:05:20,600
The city's Literati debated, 
whether she'd been a subversive 

1271
01:05:20,600 --> 01:05:23,500
Ally of Enlightenment, or 
merely, an opportunist, who 

1272
01:05:23,500 --> 01:05:25,900
shielded radical writers from 
Duck censorship. 

1273
01:05:26,900 --> 01:05:30,000
In the Years following her 
passing, the swirl of Memoirs 

1274
01:05:30,000 --> 01:05:32,700
and Diaries from Court. 
Insiders added complexities to 

1275
01:05:32,700 --> 01:05:36,100
her portrait. 
Some like the digestive Blanca 

1276
01:05:36,100 --> 01:05:40,200
insisted pompadour was cunning, 
but never malicious referencing 

1277
01:05:40,200 --> 01:05:43,300
times when she mediated petty 
feuds and sought to reduce Court

1278
01:05:43,300 --> 01:05:45,700
punishments. 
Others such as the comp 

1279
01:05:45,700 --> 01:05:48,400
d'argenson portrayed her, as 
manipulative. 

1280
01:05:48,400 --> 01:05:52,000
Citing, how she influenced Louis
the 15th to ostracize certain 

1281
01:05:52,000 --> 01:05:55,400
ministers, the truth, likely 
encompassed both dimensions. 

1282
01:05:55,400 --> 01:05:58,900
A woman forging alliances to 
survive in, elaborate the power 

1283
01:05:58,900 --> 01:06:02,800
occasionally stupid to Intrigue 
but also championing genuine. 

1284
01:06:02,800 --> 01:06:07,300
Reforms posthumously Voltaire 
Pender measured eulogy calling 

1285
01:06:07,300 --> 01:06:10,000
her. 
The Luminaire whose to like the 

1286
01:06:10,000 --> 01:06:13,300
Gloom of a fractious. 
Monarchy he didn't shy from 

1287
01:06:13,300 --> 01:06:16,200
acknowledging her mistakes, 
particularly in foreign policy 

1288
01:06:16,200 --> 01:06:18,800
yet lorded. 
Her role in fueling the Arts. 

1289
01:06:18,800 --> 01:06:22,000
This balanced tribute resonated 
with the segment of the 

1290
01:06:22,000 --> 01:06:25,000
population that recognized how 
precarious her place at courted,

1291
01:06:25,000 --> 01:06:28,700
Bean pinned between Satisfying, 
a Kings of ephemeral desires and

1292
01:06:28,700 --> 01:06:31,000
wielding real influence in a 
male-dominated. 

1293
01:06:31,000 --> 01:06:33,600
Sphere. 
In an Epoch dismissive of 

1294
01:06:33,600 --> 01:06:36,400
women's public roles. 
Her achievements were singular. 

1295
01:06:37,200 --> 01:06:40,100
Over the subsequent, decade the 
monarchy Advanced under new 

1296
01:06:40,100 --> 01:06:43,800
favorite and alliances Louis. 
The 15th though he took other 

1297
01:06:43,800 --> 01:06:46,300
Mistresses never found the same 
Confidant. 

1298
01:06:46,300 --> 01:06:48,800
Dynamic. 
Madame du Barry. 

1299
01:06:48,800 --> 01:06:51,900
For instance, faced more direct 
contempt from the old 

1300
01:06:51,900 --> 01:06:56,400
aristocracy lacking pompadours, 
cultivated veneer pompadours 

1301
01:06:56,400 --> 01:07:00,500
circle of loyal, ministers, like
the Duke de schwazer tried to 

1302
01:07:00,500 --> 01:07:03,100
salvage, what they could from 
The Diplomatic Fiasco's of the 

1303
01:07:03,100 --> 01:07:06,100
Seven Years War. 
A few smaller successes in 

1304
01:07:06,100 --> 01:07:09,200
overseas, negotiations carried 
an echo of her strategic vision.

1305
01:07:10,300 --> 01:07:12,300
Yet the monarchies standing with
the populace. 

1306
01:07:12,300 --> 01:07:16,000
Remained tarnished, the costly 
War had battered finance's. 

1307
01:07:16,800 --> 01:07:20,000
Sowing seeds for deep unrest. 
That would erupt decades later. 

1308
01:07:21,100 --> 01:07:24,500
As Time wore on Madame, de 
pompadours memory became 

1309
01:07:24,500 --> 01:07:27,000
entangled with criticisms of the
ancient regime. 

1310
01:07:27,800 --> 01:07:30,000
Revolutionary pamphlets in the 
late 1780s. 

1311
01:07:30,000 --> 01:07:32,700
Brandished her name as a symbol 
of courtly excess. 

1312
01:07:32,700 --> 01:07:36,500
They painted her as one who 
indulgently rearranged finances 

1313
01:07:36,500 --> 01:07:39,500
for personal luxuries, she 
symbolized to them. 

1314
01:07:39,500 --> 01:07:42,400
The moral corruption, that 
allowed a monarchy to Lavish 

1315
01:07:42,400 --> 01:07:46,200
wealth on elaborate Pleasures 
while peasant starved, the 

1316
01:07:46,200 --> 01:07:48,800
Nuance that. 
She was also a champion of Arts 

1317
01:07:48,800 --> 01:07:50,800
that she tried to moderate The 
monarchy's. 

1318
01:07:50,800 --> 01:07:55,400
Stumbling often got lost in the 
fur of Revolution, by the 1790s,

1319
01:07:55,400 --> 01:07:58,900
anything associated with, the 
monarchy was suspect, and her 

1320
01:07:58,900 --> 01:08:03,300
carefully curated style, Rococo 
extravagance became an emblem of

1321
01:08:03,300 --> 01:08:07,200
the out of touch to aristocrat. 
Yet ironically some 

1322
01:08:07,200 --> 01:08:09,700
revolutionaries who rummage 
through confiscated palaces, 

1323
01:08:09,700 --> 01:08:13,200
discovered references to her 
philanthropic gestures, she had 

1324
01:08:13,200 --> 01:08:17,200
quietly funded orphanages, 
assisted certain Scholars or 

1325
01:08:17,200 --> 01:08:20,000
patronized hospitals. 
These acts showcased were a good

1326
01:08:20,008 --> 01:08:22,600
gesture though. 
Overshadowed, by the general 

1327
01:08:22,600 --> 01:08:27,000
wave of anti-royalist sentiment 
by the 19th century, the wave of

1328
01:08:27,000 --> 01:08:30,899
new historians Revisited. 
Her story portraying her lessons

1329
01:08:30,899 --> 01:08:33,700
of villain and more as a 
reflection of monarchies last 

1330
01:08:33,700 --> 01:08:37,000
attempts to remain relevant. 
They cited her patronage as 

1331
01:08:37,008 --> 01:08:38,600
crucial. 
In forging, a golden age of 

1332
01:08:38,600 --> 01:08:41,100
decorative Arts recognized in 
international. 

1333
01:08:42,200 --> 01:08:46,300
Brand by then globally. 
Cherished was inextricably 

1334
01:08:46,300 --> 01:08:48,899
linked to her impetus cultural 
memory. 

1335
01:08:48,899 --> 01:08:53,800
Thus cord, biographers in the 
Victorian era in thrall by the 

1336
01:08:53,800 --> 01:08:56,200
romance of Royal courts depicted
her. 

1337
01:08:56,200 --> 01:08:59,300
As a tragic figure, the 
beautiful mistress overshadowed 

1338
01:08:59,300 --> 01:09:02,800
by War in ill health, valiantly 
saving off the Monkees declined,

1339
01:09:02,800 --> 01:09:06,600
they relished dramatic details 
of her, elaborate Fashions, her 

1340
01:09:06,600 --> 01:09:10,200
signature pastel dresses, floral
motifs and the pompadour 

1341
01:09:10,200 --> 01:09:13,300
hairstyle that ironically 
endured in hairdressing law. 

1342
01:09:13,300 --> 01:09:16,600
Meanwhile critics from more 
austere backgrounds and dated 

1343
01:09:16,600 --> 01:09:20,899
her for tangling France in 
Alliance is that backfired 20th 

1344
01:09:20,899 --> 01:09:24,300
century scholarship with its 
punctual for analyzing female 

1345
01:09:24,300 --> 01:09:27,700
agency. 
Has reevaluated her as a 

1346
01:09:27,700 --> 01:09:31,399
political actor, leverage the 
era's, constraints to carve out 

1347
01:09:31,399 --> 01:09:35,300
real influence. 
Albeit over shadowed by system. 

1348
01:09:35,300 --> 01:09:38,899
Not designed to respect or 
credit her fully in present day 

1349
01:09:38,899 --> 01:09:42,800
travelers, to Vesey often asked 
about Madame de pompadour, Tour 

1350
01:09:42,800 --> 01:09:46,000
guides highlight the surviving 
Decor, she influenced certain 

1351
01:09:46,000 --> 01:09:48,000
pastel lacquered rooms or 
delicate. 

1352
01:09:48,000 --> 01:09:50,600
Several vases. 
They mention how she nurtured 

1353
01:09:50,600 --> 01:09:53,500
the Rococo Styles. 
Final flourish Bridging the 

1354
01:09:53,500 --> 01:09:57,200
Brock opulence of early years 
with subtle playful Elegance. 

1355
01:09:58,300 --> 01:10:00,600
Museums occasionally Mount 
exhibits on her, cultural 

1356
01:10:00,600 --> 01:10:05,400
patronage her face captured in 
portraits by artists like Bushey

1357
01:10:05,400 --> 01:10:09,600
exudes, a gentle confidence that
transcends centuries for 

1358
01:10:09,600 --> 01:10:11,100
admirers of 18th century 
history. 

1359
01:10:12,100 --> 01:10:15,400
Stands as a figure who in the 
swirl of monarchies extravagance

1360
01:10:15,400 --> 01:10:18,300
and looming, social tension 
found a way to channel her 

1361
01:10:18,300 --> 01:10:21,500
intellect and Artistry in 
printing a distinctive feminine 

1362
01:10:21,500 --> 01:10:25,100
mark on French heritage. 
As modern historians re-examine 

1363
01:10:25,100 --> 01:10:27,800
maddened, a pompadours life, 
they can continue to discover 

1364
01:10:27,800 --> 01:10:29,800
layers are mentioned in popular 
accounts. 

1365
01:10:30,500 --> 01:10:33,200
A personal correspondence 
scattered across archives in 

1366
01:10:33,200 --> 01:10:36,400
Paris and provincial Chateau 
reveals a woman who wrestled 

1367
01:10:36,400 --> 01:10:39,500
with theological questions. 
Contrary to the jaded depiction 

1368
01:10:39,500 --> 01:10:42,900
of her as purely secular. 
She wrote to a confidant about 

1369
01:10:42,900 --> 01:10:45,400
the tension between the pomp of 
the side and the spiritual 

1370
01:10:45,400 --> 01:10:49,600
yearning confessing a sense of 
guilt at times, but also belief 

1371
01:10:49,600 --> 01:10:52,600
that God might call individuals 
to serve in worldly spheres. 

1372
01:10:53,400 --> 01:10:56,300
The spiritual Dimension, 
complicates stereotypes that she

1373
01:10:56,300 --> 01:10:58,200
was solely driven by ambition or
vanity. 

1374
01:10:58,200 --> 01:11:01,700
Moreover Diaries from Palace 
servants, shed light on her 

1375
01:11:01,708 --> 01:11:04,700
daily routines. 
She Rose early to handle letters

1376
01:11:04,700 --> 01:11:06,900
from provincial officials or 
meet with Artisans about 

1377
01:11:06,900 --> 01:11:09,300
furniture designs. 
By mid-morning. 

1378
01:11:09,300 --> 01:11:13,300
She might be advising the King 
on which courtiers to promote by

1379
01:11:13,300 --> 01:11:15,400
afternoon. 
She oversaw rehearsals of 

1380
01:11:15,400 --> 01:11:18,800
comedic plays or small operas a 
respite for the war weary 

1381
01:11:18,800 --> 01:11:21,600
monarchy in the evening. 
Private dinners with the king 

1382
01:11:21,600 --> 01:11:25,200
lived in the flicker of candle. 
At chandeliers allowed, her to 

1383
01:11:25,200 --> 01:11:28,900
glean insights into his anxiety.
She balanced each role with 

1384
01:11:28,900 --> 01:11:31,300
remarkable stamina, the 
migraines. 

1385
01:11:31,300 --> 01:11:34,900
And palpitations often tormented
her A newly, discovered note 

1386
01:11:34,900 --> 01:11:36,400
from her lady, in waiting 
described. 

1387
01:11:36,400 --> 01:11:40,900
How after hosting a lavish ball 
pompadour, would retire behind 

1388
01:11:40,900 --> 01:11:44,900
closed doors, pressing cold 
cloths, to her forehead, tears 

1389
01:11:44,900 --> 01:11:48,100
of pain, slipping quietly as she
resolved, not to betrayed 

1390
01:11:48,100 --> 01:11:51,000
weakness the following day in 
addressing her romantically 

1391
01:11:51,000 --> 01:11:54,400
Azan, it's easy to assume her. 
Life was consumed by the king's 

1392
01:11:54,400 --> 01:11:56,800
attention yet, subtle 
references. 

1393
01:11:56,800 --> 01:11:59,500
Suggest you want Harvard 
affections for an unnamed Court 

1394
01:11:59,500 --> 01:12:02,200
musician. 
Exchanging whispered confidence 

1395
01:12:02,200 --> 01:12:07,000
is in corridors, realizing the 
danger and such a dalyan she 

1396
01:12:07,000 --> 01:12:10,300
ended its swiftly to avoid 
Scandal, leaving behind a clue 

1397
01:12:10,300 --> 01:12:14,900
to her capacity for self-denial.
Another rumored flame was a 

1398
01:12:14,900 --> 01:12:17,900
philosopher, she corresponded 
with under the pseudonym, 

1399
01:12:17,900 --> 01:12:20,600
whether that was purely 
intellectual or tinged with 

1400
01:12:20,608 --> 01:12:24,300
romance remains debated, the 
overriding truth is that she 

1401
01:12:24,300 --> 01:12:27,900
recognized that enthralling the 
king required keeping secrets 

1402
01:12:27,900 --> 01:12:31,400
she had to preserve the monarchy
Solutions, even if that meant 

1403
01:12:31,400 --> 01:12:35,400
sacrificing personal longing. 
A sense of strategy and coping 

1404
01:12:35,400 --> 01:12:37,700
with the backstabbing 
environment remained striking. 

1405
01:12:38,500 --> 01:12:42,700
He carefully placed allies in 
minor roles a Guard Captain, a 

1406
01:12:42,700 --> 01:12:46,400
Chamberlain, a bishop so that 
vital threads of Palace life, 

1407
01:12:46,400 --> 01:12:49,500
LED back to her. 
If a plot surfaced, she'd hear 

1408
01:12:49,500 --> 01:12:52,400
rumors early enough to steer the
king away or Quail conspirators,

1409
01:12:52,400 --> 01:12:55,300
she likewise practice generosity
to those in. 

1410
01:12:55,300 --> 01:12:59,000
Need awarding small, pensions to
older, courtiers or assisting 

1411
01:12:59,000 --> 01:13:01,500
impoverished. 
Aristocats with dowries, this 

1412
01:13:01,500 --> 01:13:04,600
generality wasn't purely 
altruistic, it fostered, an 

1413
01:13:04,600 --> 01:13:07,100
environment, where indebted 
Souls recognized her, as a 

1414
01:13:07,100 --> 01:13:09,600
pillar of stability for many at 
court. 

1415
01:13:09,600 --> 01:13:13,700
She assumed the role of a quiet,
caretaker serving as a bridge 

1416
01:13:13,700 --> 01:13:17,200
between a distant monarchy and 
every day crisis, in an era 

1417
01:13:17,200 --> 01:13:20,600
lacking official welfare, her 
Petronas served as an informal 

1418
01:13:20,600 --> 01:13:23,900
safety, net, the deeply personal
dimension of her existence. 

1419
01:13:23,900 --> 01:13:27,400
Was her unwavering Devotion to 
her daughter Alexandra, Green 

1420
01:13:27,400 --> 01:13:30,900
born before her. 
Send it at their side, the child

1421
01:13:30,900 --> 01:13:33,200
well-being, weighed heavily on 
pompadours mine. 

1422
01:13:34,100 --> 01:13:36,600
Alexandrian was placed in a 
Convent for education. 

1423
01:13:37,400 --> 01:13:38,900
Occasionally visiting the 
palace. 

1424
01:13:39,800 --> 01:13:43,900
Inn 1754. 
Alexandrine died unexpectedly of

1425
01:13:43,900 --> 01:13:47,700
peritonitis the Heartbreak 
shattered, pompadour who wept in

1426
01:13:47,700 --> 01:13:50,800
consolid for days nearly 
refusing to appear in public. 

1427
01:13:51,700 --> 01:13:56,200
The king not known for empathy 
attempted constellation, but her

1428
01:13:56,200 --> 01:13:58,100
grief. 
Lingard, some historians. 

1429
01:13:58,100 --> 01:14:01,100
Pinpoint this tragedy as a pivot
in their relationship. 

1430
01:14:01,100 --> 01:14:04,100
Transforming her from a radiant 
figure, to one more 

1431
01:14:04,100 --> 01:14:08,800
introspective channeling energy,
into cultural projects, He 

1432
01:14:08,808 --> 01:14:11,700
seldom spoke of alexandrine 
publicly that references to 

1433
01:14:11,700 --> 01:14:14,200
monologue Perdue in her letters,
allude to that. 

1434
01:14:14,200 --> 01:14:16,600
Maternal sorrow Beneath The Gold
Lace for sale. 

1435
01:14:17,600 --> 01:14:20,900
As the monarchy stumbled from 
the Warfare askos Madame de 

1436
01:14:20,900 --> 01:14:23,200
pompadours composure, 
ironically, stabilized. 

1437
01:14:23,200 --> 01:14:26,300
The king's morale. 
She orchestrated an unspoken 

1438
01:14:26,300 --> 01:14:29,600
Serenity within the palace walls
and sharing that the presence of

1439
01:14:29,600 --> 01:14:33,600
Music gentle laughed after and 
well, executed ceremonies 

1440
01:14:33,600 --> 01:14:37,500
shielded Louis the 15th from 
glue critics called her. 

1441
01:14:37,500 --> 01:14:40,800
The minister of Pleasures. 
A more profound look reveals her

1442
01:14:40,800 --> 01:14:43,100
role as a caretaker for the 
monarchies emotional climate 

1443
01:14:43,100 --> 01:14:47,500
that intangible labor, often 
relegated to women ensure that 

1444
01:14:47,500 --> 01:14:50,900
even in failing Wars, the 
monarchy projected continuity 

1445
01:14:50,900 --> 01:14:54,700
without her, the king of succumb
to paralyzing despair on 

1446
01:14:54,700 --> 01:14:58,200
neglected governance entirely, 
she in effect, became the 

1447
01:14:58,208 --> 01:15:01,900
monarchies, emotional pivot, 
When contemporary readers gauge 

1448
01:15:01,900 --> 01:15:05,500
her significance, they must 
weigh the paradoxes a Bourgeois 

1449
01:15:05,500 --> 01:15:08,000
woman who championed 
aristocratic extravagance. 

1450
01:15:08,000 --> 01:15:11,900
A mistress who reconfigured 
diplomatic ties and an astute 

1451
01:15:11,900 --> 01:15:15,100
who contended with the brutality
of War, she was not without 

1452
01:15:15,100 --> 01:15:17,600
faults, certain decisions, 
sparked conflict. 

1453
01:15:17,600 --> 01:15:20,600
And her loyalty to the monarchy 
overshadowed empathy for the 

1454
01:15:20,600 --> 01:15:23,600
broader populace yet. 
One can see in her a formidable 

1455
01:15:23,600 --> 01:15:26,200
intelligence, navigating 
male-dominated, politics 

1456
01:15:26,200 --> 01:15:29,600
championing, creativity and 
forging a personal brand that 

1457
01:15:29,600 --> 01:15:33,400
outlived her mortal years that 
blend of contradictory traits 

1458
01:15:33,400 --> 01:15:37,400
Samantha as a figure too complex
for simple, judgments a 

1459
01:15:37,400 --> 01:15:40,400
testament to the nuanced roles, 
women could occupy in a kingdom 

1460
01:15:40,400 --> 01:15:42,600
perched, precariously, on the 
brink of his historical 

1461
01:15:42,600 --> 01:15:46,900
transformation today. 
Madame de pompadour endures as 

1462
01:15:46,900 --> 01:15:50,800
an emblem of 18th century 
Elegance overshadowed, yet also 

1463
01:15:50,800 --> 01:15:54,100
illuminated by the monarchies of
eventual collapse in 1789. 

1464
01:15:55,200 --> 01:15:58,300
She died decades before the 
French Revolution erupted, which

1465
01:15:58,300 --> 01:16:01,100
is surprising to some. 
But her story offers a lens into

1466
01:16:01,100 --> 01:16:04,300
the monarchy's Illusions and the
flickers of modern sensibility 

1467
01:16:04,300 --> 01:16:07,300
stirring, beneath them, the 
Rococo style, she popularized 

1468
01:16:07,300 --> 01:16:10,400
with its playful curves, and 
pastel palette. 

1469
01:16:10,400 --> 01:16:14,300
Might seem superficial, but it 
signaled, a shift away from the 

1470
01:16:14,300 --> 01:16:17,500
heavy formality of earlier, 
Baroque in championing 

1471
01:16:17,500 --> 01:16:21,200
intangible, Pursuits like music,
painting and philosophical 

1472
01:16:21,200 --> 01:16:23,800
discussion. 
She partially laid a cultural 

1473
01:16:23,800 --> 01:16:27,800
groundwork that ironically 
helped spread ideas that later 

1474
01:16:27,800 --> 01:16:31,000
questioned the monarchies 
absolute basis in the centuries.

1475
01:16:31,000 --> 01:16:33,900
After her demise her name popped
up in unexpected places 

1476
01:16:33,900 --> 01:16:38,000
industrial producers of 
porcelain Inked, pompadour pink,

1477
01:16:38,000 --> 01:16:39,800
or pompadour blue. 
For delicate. 

1478
01:16:39,800 --> 01:16:42,800
Tableware dressmakers 
resurrected the pompadour 

1479
01:16:42,800 --> 01:16:46,100
hairstyle, in various 
reinterpretations, some tall and

1480
01:16:46,100 --> 01:16:49,700
powdered others, more subtle, 
but referencing that Flair, she 

1481
01:16:49,700 --> 01:16:53,300
had for graceful display 
literary authors from Val Zach 

1482
01:16:53,300 --> 01:16:56,500
to Nancy mitford. 
Explored, her biography, each 

1483
01:16:56,500 --> 01:17:00,400
spinning Vantage points was 
sheer, cunning manipulate or a 

1484
01:17:00,400 --> 01:17:03,600
gentle care taker, for an 
indecisive King tourists 

1485
01:17:03,600 --> 01:17:05,400
wandering. 
Their side can still Glimpse 

1486
01:17:05,400 --> 01:17:08,800
spaces, she wants and habited 
the private apartment for the 

1487
01:17:08,800 --> 01:17:13,000
gardens, all the opera house she
influenced Guides were count how

1488
01:17:13,000 --> 01:17:16,300
she wants staged private 
theatricals their starring as 

1489
01:17:16,300 --> 01:17:19,700
comedic heroines. 
Coaxing, the king from his Stony

1490
01:17:19,700 --> 01:17:23,900
reticence, the wallpapers and 
color schemes faintly preserved,

1491
01:17:23,900 --> 01:17:27,700
reflect that pastel. 
Whimsy her official portrait by 

1492
01:17:27,708 --> 01:17:31,400
Boucher stands in the Wallace 
collection, in London, capturing

1493
01:17:31,400 --> 01:17:34,600
her with a book in hand, 
emphasizing her intellectual 

1494
01:17:34,600 --> 01:17:37,300
bent. 
Observers note the calm in her 

1495
01:17:37,308 --> 01:17:40,700
eyes, a subtle Pride, that 
defies the ephemeral nature of 

1496
01:17:40,700 --> 01:17:42,800
her courtly, status. 
Modern. 

1497
01:17:42,800 --> 01:17:44,600
Feminism appraises her 
differently. 

1498
01:17:44,600 --> 01:17:47,600
She was no activist for women's 
equality by presence. 

1499
01:17:47,600 --> 01:17:50,600
Standards yet she challenged 
conventional boundaries. 

1500
01:17:50,600 --> 01:17:53,400
She effectively shaped policies 
behind the scenes. 

1501
01:17:53,400 --> 01:17:56,800
Overshadowing, many male, 
courtiers, whose official titles

1502
01:17:56,800 --> 01:18:00,500
dwarfed, her own She minted 
alliances with philosophers to 

1503
01:18:00,500 --> 01:18:02,900
protect free expression from 
Draconian sentences. 

1504
01:18:02,900 --> 01:18:07,800
She financed expansions in Fine 
Arts and Manufacturing forging. 

1505
01:18:07,800 --> 01:18:11,400
A Synergy between monarchy and 
commerce. while she did not open

1506
01:18:11,400 --> 01:18:14,600
the patriarchal structure, a 
survival hinged on a piece in 

1507
01:18:14,608 --> 01:18:18,200
it, for example, reveals how 
determined intelligent woman 

1508
01:18:18,200 --> 01:18:22,200
could carve a realm of influence
In that sense, she both 

1509
01:18:22,200 --> 01:18:23,800
reaffirmed and quietly 
subverted. 

1510
01:18:23,800 --> 01:18:28,100
The patriarchal monarchy Her 
ephemeral Presence overshadowed 

1511
01:18:28,100 --> 01:18:29,800
by new favorites after her 
death. 

1512
01:18:29,800 --> 01:18:33,500
Underscores, the monarchies 
insatiable appetite for novelty 

1513
01:18:33,500 --> 01:18:37,700
yet, none repeated the unique. 
Blend of artistry diplomacy and 

1514
01:18:37,700 --> 01:18:40,700
emotional guardianship. 
She brought for a fleeting 

1515
01:18:40,700 --> 01:18:43,300
period. 
She had a near ministerial role 

1516
01:18:43,300 --> 01:18:46,800
in shaping foreign alliances a 
stance that no subsequent 

1517
01:18:46,800 --> 01:18:49,700
mistress or consort fully 
replicated under Louis the 15th.

1518
01:18:49,700 --> 01:18:53,500
By the time of the Revolutionary
upsurge that entire system, the 

1519
01:18:53,500 --> 01:18:57,800
monarchy its falling courtiers, 
its cycle of Mr. Aires faced 

1520
01:18:57,800 --> 01:19:01,500
condemnation The memory of 
Madden de pompadour, both 

1521
01:19:01,500 --> 01:19:04,200
revered and reviled. 
Came part of the propaganda 

1522
01:19:04,200 --> 01:19:07,600
asked, describing an outdated 
regime, a radiant, 

1523
01:19:07,600 --> 01:19:10,900
self-assurance in official 
portraits, served as evidence of

1524
01:19:10,900 --> 01:19:14,100
aristocratic decadence, 
ironically, ignoring the fact 

1525
01:19:14,100 --> 01:19:17,100
that she held from the 
bourgeoisie For the average 

1526
01:19:17,100 --> 01:19:19,000
person. 
Rage stumbling upon her story. 

1527
01:19:19,000 --> 01:19:21,800
Immediate reaction might revolve
around the gossip. 

1528
01:19:21,800 --> 01:19:24,600
A mistress of their side, the 
icon of style. 

1529
01:19:25,800 --> 01:19:27,800
But deeper reflection on covers 
a figure. 

1530
01:19:27,800 --> 01:19:31,000
Bridging, bold, intelligence 
aesthetic, Brilliance and 

1531
01:19:31,000 --> 01:19:34,400
pragmatic survival in a quart. 
Bent on devouring, the naive. 

1532
01:19:35,200 --> 01:19:37,900
She was that in probable 
cultural prime minister as some 

1533
01:19:37,900 --> 01:19:41,200
labeled her forging a space in a
male-dominated environment. 

1534
01:19:42,200 --> 01:19:45,700
If at times she contributed to 
misguided policies or neglected 

1535
01:19:45,700 --> 01:19:49,000
the plight of the lower classes 
such failings aligned with the 

1536
01:19:49,000 --> 01:19:53,200
monarchy's broader blind spots 
in that sense her story reflects

1537
01:19:53,200 --> 01:19:57,300
systemic complexities rather 
than personal ones alone but her

1538
01:19:57,300 --> 01:20:00,000
narrative might evoke parallels 
with the art of balancing 

1539
01:20:00,000 --> 01:20:04,100
professional demands personal 
identity and the swirl of public

1540
01:20:04,100 --> 01:20:06,500
scrutiny that go way deeper than
we all might imagine. 

1541
01:20:07,400 --> 01:20:10,800
She found ways to harness her 
adversity, lack of birth rank 

1542
01:20:10,800 --> 01:20:13,400
suspicion from Aristocrats to 
shape. 

1543
01:20:13,400 --> 01:20:17,200
A remarkable trajectory whether 
we judge her kindly or harshly, 

1544
01:20:17,200 --> 01:20:20,400
she embodied the precarious 
dance of pleasing the powerful, 

1545
01:20:20,400 --> 01:20:24,000
while forging, something new, a 
Synergy of intellectual tastes 

1546
01:20:24,000 --> 01:20:28,300
refined pleasures and aesthetic 
transformation, that left 

1547
01:20:28,300 --> 01:20:32,000
France, irrevocably changed, Her
adversaries wrote pamphlets, 

1548
01:20:32,000 --> 01:20:35,500
proclaiming her a femoral. 
But ironically, she remains a 

1549
01:20:35,500 --> 01:20:38,600
Hallmark of that era, 
overshadowing some Royals and 

1550
01:20:38,600 --> 01:20:42,800
cultural memory. ultimately, 
Madame, de pompadours life, 

1551
01:20:42,800 --> 01:20:47,000
underscores a universal theme in
an environment where official 

1552
01:20:47,000 --> 01:20:50,000
power rests with men, An 
individual with vision, 

1553
01:20:50,000 --> 01:20:54,200
resilience, and strategic 
cunning can mold in age or be it

1554
01:20:54,208 --> 01:20:57,400
at personal cost. 
She gave French culture a final 

1555
01:20:57,400 --> 01:21:01,700
Rico Bloom before the wave of 
neoclassicism and eventually 

1556
01:21:01,700 --> 01:21:05,800
Revolution. 
The touches on diplomacy in arts

1557
01:21:05,800 --> 01:21:08,800
overshadowed though they might 
have been by War and Scandal 

1558
01:21:08,800 --> 01:21:11,300
continue to invite 
reexamination. 

1559
01:21:11,300 --> 01:21:16,400
And so for those who seek Nuance
in history, her story remains a 

1560
01:21:16,400 --> 01:21:20,900
captivating Chronicle of 
ambition Grace heartbreak and a 

1561
01:21:20,900 --> 01:21:23,800
legacy that resonates long after
her heart ceased to be within 

1562
01:21:23,800 --> 01:21:32,800
Versailles, gilded Labyrinth. 
Napoleon Bonaparte story, opens 

1563
01:21:32,800 --> 01:21:35,600
not in the halls of Parisian 
power, but on a rugged 

1564
01:21:35,600 --> 01:21:39,400
Mediterranean island. 
He was born Napoleon Bonaparte 

1565
01:21:39,400 --> 01:21:44,300
in 1769 in a jaxo course. 
Soccer only months after France 

1566
01:21:44,300 --> 01:21:47,900
sees the island from Genoa. 
As a boy, he spoke the Italian 

1567
01:21:47,900 --> 01:21:51,200
Corsican dialect and Harvard 
Fierce pride in his closet and 

1568
01:21:51,200 --> 01:21:54,500
Heritage Sent to Mainland. 
France was schooling at age 9, 

1569
01:21:54,500 --> 01:21:58,300
he arrived a thin intense child,
who felt himself very much in 

1570
01:21:58,300 --> 01:22:01,600
outside her classmates. 
Mocked his accent and provincial

1571
01:22:01,600 --> 01:22:04,700
manners. 
In Quiet Moments on the ancient 

1572
01:22:04,700 --> 01:22:09,200
Oaks of Brienne Academy, young 
Bonaparte dreamed of home, the 

1573
01:22:09,200 --> 01:22:11,900
smell of the Mackie shrubs on 
Corsican hillsides and tales of 

1574
01:22:11,908 --> 01:22:17,100
heroism by horse compatriot. 
Pasquali These memories fueled, 

1575
01:22:17,100 --> 01:22:19,500
a lifelong resentment in a drive
to prove himself in a world, 

1576
01:22:19,508 --> 01:22:21,000
that perceived him as a 
foreigner. 

1577
01:22:21,800 --> 01:22:25,300
Yet France also opened New 
Horizons for him at the Royal 

1578
01:22:25,300 --> 01:22:27,700
military school in Paris 
Napoleon. 

1579
01:22:27,700 --> 01:22:31,000
As he still signed his name, 
immersed himself in 

1580
01:22:31,000 --> 01:22:33,100
Enlightenment ideas and Military
texts. 

1581
01:22:33,100 --> 01:22:35,700
He was a voracious reader of 
Rousseau and Voltaire 

1582
01:22:35,700 --> 01:22:38,300
cultivating. 
Radical Notions about meriton 

1583
01:22:38,300 --> 01:22:40,400
reason. 
Commissioned, as a young 

1584
01:22:40,400 --> 01:22:43,400
artillery officer, he honed a 
mathematical Precision in 

1585
01:22:43,400 --> 01:22:46,700
ballistics and a Steely. 
Calm Under Pressure, still in 

1586
01:22:46,700 --> 01:22:49,600
the late 1780s. 
The ambitious left tenant found 

1587
01:22:49,600 --> 01:22:53,000
himself idling on half-pay in 
provincial Garrison's chafing at

1588
01:22:53,000 --> 01:22:56,700
the lack of opportunity, letters
to his family, betray a Restless

1589
01:22:56,700 --> 01:22:59,200
mind. 
He wrote an unfinished story and

1590
01:22:59,200 --> 01:23:02,300
essays on course can history 
longing to carve out a place for

1591
01:23:02,300 --> 01:23:06,700
himself. 1789, the French 
revolution's fiery rhetoric 

1592
01:23:06,700 --> 01:23:09,200
gripped. 
Him the revolution's eruption 

1593
01:23:09,200 --> 01:23:12,300
promised career opportunities 
for talented individuals and 

1594
01:23:12,300 --> 01:23:14,600
Bonaparte. 
Now known as Bonaparte in French

1595
01:23:14,600 --> 01:23:17,000
was determined to capitalize on 
this opportunity. 

1596
01:23:17,000 --> 01:23:21,000
He returned to Corsica during 
the early Revolution hoping to 

1597
01:23:21,000 --> 01:23:24,900
spread the new ideals. 
However, Ireland politics turned

1598
01:23:24,900 --> 01:23:27,800
against him, the revered power 
leading Napoleon. 

1599
01:23:27,800 --> 01:23:29,700
A traitor for siding, with the 
French Republic. 

1600
01:23:30,600 --> 01:23:34,600
In 1793 after a bit of falling 
out and an attempt to depose 

1601
01:23:34,600 --> 01:23:37,800
Palace course, in government, 
the Bonaparte family, fled their

1602
01:23:37,800 --> 01:23:41,400
Homeland under threat. 
The 24 year old artillery, 

1603
01:23:41,400 --> 01:23:44,800
Captain arrived back in France 
as a refugee but also as a 

1604
01:23:44,800 --> 01:23:47,000
staunch Republican officer 
hungry for Action. 

1605
01:23:47,000 --> 01:23:52,300
He soon got his chance at the 
end of 1793 royalists, in the 

1606
01:23:52,308 --> 01:23:56,600
southern Port of tulong revolted
and welcomed British forces, the

1607
01:23:56,600 --> 01:24:00,100
besieging Revolutionary Army, 
faltered until Bonaparte through

1608
01:24:00,100 --> 01:24:03,200
a mix of Corsican connections, 
and share assertiveness was 

1609
01:24:03,200 --> 01:24:04,700
assigned to direct the 
artillery. 

1610
01:24:05,700 --> 01:24:09,100
Amidst the Thunder of cannons 
and acid smoke and Napoleon, 

1611
01:24:09,100 --> 01:24:12,500
Sean, he embraced back batteries
with lethal, Effectiveness, 

1612
01:24:12,500 --> 01:24:16,600
blasting the harbor and forcing 
the British to flee in the 

1613
01:24:16,600 --> 01:24:19,300
finalists assault, a bayonet 
wounds guard his thigh. 

1614
01:24:19,300 --> 01:24:22,600
But victory was complete, the 
achievement was stunning. 

1615
01:24:22,600 --> 01:24:25,500
A little known Corsica had 
masterminded the recapture of 

1616
01:24:25,500 --> 01:24:29,300
too long word of His Brilliant, 
travel to Paris and Stage 24 

1617
01:24:29,300 --> 01:24:31,400
Bonaparte was promoted to 
Brigadier General. 

1618
01:24:32,000 --> 01:24:34,800
The center of gunpowder at 2:00 
signaled, his assent to 

1619
01:24:34,800 --> 01:24:37,900
prominent but revolutionary 
Fortune's shifted quickly. 

1620
01:24:37,900 --> 01:24:41,700
Just months later Robespierre 
and the radical Jacobins fell 

1621
01:24:41,700 --> 01:24:45,000
from Power. 
Napoleon considered a 

1622
01:24:45,000 --> 01:24:47,200
Robespierre Ally by association 
was arrested. 

1623
01:24:47,200 --> 01:24:50,600
He was briefly jailed in a dank 
sell at Fort Carey. 

1624
01:24:51,600 --> 01:24:53,500
The omniscient Fates than 
elevated him. 

1625
01:24:53,500 --> 01:24:55,800
Now threatened to cut short his 
assent. 

1626
01:24:56,500 --> 01:25:00,200
He emerged unscathed but 
unemployed pacing the Paris 

1627
01:25:00,200 --> 01:25:02,800
streets in a threadbare coat, 
surviving on meager rations. 

1628
01:25:02,800 --> 01:25:07,700
During this low-end 1795, even 
toyed with leaving France, to 

1629
01:25:07,700 --> 01:25:10,800
serve the ottoman Sultan and 
ironic Prospect for one who 

1630
01:25:10,800 --> 01:25:12,700
would one day, humble the great 
powers of Europe. 

1631
01:25:13,900 --> 01:25:17,300
Opportunity, however, knocked 
again, that October royalist 

1632
01:25:17,300 --> 01:25:20,700
mobs stormed, toward the ruling 
convention aiming to topple The 

1633
01:25:20,700 --> 01:25:25,100
Fragile Republic. 
General Paul Barras, desperate 

1634
01:25:25,100 --> 01:25:28,000
to save the revolution taped the
only artillery expert. 

1635
01:25:28,000 --> 01:25:31,300
He knew who could be ruthless 
enough, Napoleon Bonaparte. 

1636
01:25:31,300 --> 01:25:35,200
Napoleon did not hesitate 
stationing canon in the streets 

1637
01:25:35,200 --> 01:25:37,200
of Paris. 
He met the royalist charged with

1638
01:25:37,200 --> 01:25:39,300
glass of great shot at Point 
Blank Range. 

1639
01:25:39,300 --> 01:25:42,300
The cobblestones of the Roof 
Center a shook with each 

1640
01:25:42,300 --> 01:25:45,000
thunderous volleyball. 
Shredding the Insurgent columns,

1641
01:25:45,000 --> 01:25:48,700
and sending the survivors into 
Panic Flight, A whiff of 

1642
01:25:48,700 --> 01:25:52,700
grapeshot one witness called it 
caustically describing how shred

1643
01:25:52,700 --> 01:25:55,200
banners and bodies littered the 
Smoky Avenues. 

1644
01:25:55,200 --> 01:25:58,300
Bonapartes decisive actions, 
save the Revolutionary 

1645
01:25:58,300 --> 01:26:01,500
government. 
In a single brutal afternoon, he

1646
01:26:01,500 --> 01:26:04,800
became the Republic Savior, and 
also earned a reputation for 

1647
01:26:04,800 --> 01:26:08,400
cold-blooded efficiency that 
some would not forget, Paris, 

1648
01:26:08,400 --> 01:26:11,300
grew quiet at dusk. 
The are heavy with the Tang of 

1649
01:26:11,300 --> 01:26:13,400
spent gunpowder and a new 
awareness. 

1650
01:26:13,400 --> 01:26:16,700
A young General had showed he 
would not hesitate to fire on 

1651
01:26:16,700 --> 01:26:18,400
his fellow Frenchman to secure 
order. 

1652
01:26:19,100 --> 01:26:21,900
Far from hiding. 
This bloody episode Napoleon 

1653
01:26:21,900 --> 01:26:23,500
later had its celebrated each 
year. 

1654
01:26:23,500 --> 01:26:27,100
Defending himself with the 
remark that a soldier is only a 

1655
01:26:27,100 --> 01:26:29,900
machine to obey orders. 
The reward for this loyal 

1656
01:26:29,900 --> 01:26:32,500
service was extraordinary, 
within weeks. 

1657
01:26:32,500 --> 01:26:36,400
The directory, the new executive
body gave 26 year old Bonaparte 

1658
01:26:36,400 --> 01:26:40,200
command of the army of Italy, A 
post that season generals had 

1659
01:26:40,200 --> 01:26:43,100
covered it. 
Around the same time he met 

1660
01:26:43,100 --> 01:26:47,600
Josefina the Glamorous Creole 
Widow six years, his senior who 

1661
01:26:47,600 --> 01:26:50,600
was connected to Paris, he 
attracts was immediate and 

1662
01:26:50,600 --> 01:26:54,500
consuming. 
In March 1796 just days before 

1663
01:26:54,500 --> 01:26:58,000
departing to take up his Newman 
and Napoleon married Josephine 

1664
01:26:58,000 --> 01:27:01,600
in a private civil ceremony. 
Your daughter with an Earnest 

1665
01:27:01,600 --> 01:27:03,400
impassioned. 
Love that, blazed through the 

1666
01:27:03,400 --> 01:27:05,000
letters. 
He would soon send daily from 

1667
01:27:05,000 --> 01:27:08,600
the Italian front Josephine, 
provided the social polish and 

1668
01:27:08,600 --> 01:27:11,300
connections he lacked. 
He gave her devotion and the 

1669
01:27:11,308 --> 01:27:15,100
promise of Destiny, As he rode 
out of Paris in the spring, rain

1670
01:27:15,100 --> 01:27:18,000
and Napoleon Bonaparte was a 
curious figure. 

1671
01:27:18,000 --> 01:27:22,200
A Corso can Outsider turned 
Republican General, recently a 

1672
01:27:22,200 --> 01:27:23,800
penniless Outkast. 
Now, head of an army. 

1673
01:27:24,600 --> 01:27:27,900
His Ambitions were boundless 
France had given him an army and

1674
01:27:27,900 --> 01:27:31,900
a beautiful wife, he intended to
repay both with Glory, the dye 

1675
01:27:31,900 --> 01:27:34,700
was cast the little corporals 
rapid Ascent was about to 

1676
01:27:34,700 --> 01:27:36,900
commence. 
The Slender young General who 

1677
01:27:36,900 --> 01:27:40,200
arrived to lead, the army of 
Italy in 1796, founded 

1678
01:27:40,200 --> 01:27:44,400
dispirited ragtag Force, clad in
rags and hungry for both food 

1679
01:27:44,400 --> 01:27:47,500
and Victory. 
Napoleon's predecessors had 

1680
01:27:47,500 --> 01:27:49,800
achieved little in the grinding 
war against Austria. 

1681
01:27:50,600 --> 01:27:53,200
But the new Commander 
electrified, his men from the 

1682
01:27:53,200 --> 01:27:56,600
outset Gathering. 
The truths who looks skeptically

1683
01:27:56,600 --> 01:27:58,300
at his slight stature in 
youthful face. 

1684
01:27:58,300 --> 01:28:01,500
He pointed toward the enemy's 
Richlands beyond the Alps 

1685
01:28:01,500 --> 01:28:04,900
soldiers, he cried, you are 
ill-fed and almost naked. 

1686
01:28:04,900 --> 01:28:08,200
I will lead you into the most 
fertile Plains in the world, 

1687
01:28:08,200 --> 01:28:10,900
Rich, provinces and great 
cities. 

1688
01:28:10,900 --> 01:28:14,700
Will lie in your power in them. 
You will find honor glory and 

1689
01:28:14,700 --> 01:28:19,500
riches the soldiers erupted in. 
Cheers, skepticism gave way to 

1690
01:28:19,508 --> 01:28:21,900
further as he promised to 
transform their thread, their 

1691
01:28:21,900 --> 01:28:25,000
desperation into Triumph. 
During the early days of the 

1692
01:28:25,000 --> 01:28:28,400
campaign in The Damp, foothills 
of Piedmont men who were on the 

1693
01:28:28,400 --> 01:28:31,300
verge of deserting instead found
themselves prepared to follow 

1694
01:28:31,300 --> 01:28:34,200
this fiery little general to the
farthest reaches of the Earth. 

1695
01:28:35,200 --> 01:28:37,200
Napoleon promptly fulfilled his 
promise. 

1696
01:28:37,200 --> 01:28:41,300
He moved with startling speed 
and aggression catching Austrian

1697
01:28:41,300 --> 01:28:45,300
and piedmontese armies off. 
Balance with bold tactics in a 

1698
01:28:45,300 --> 01:28:47,400
whirlwind of Battles, Through 
the mountain passes. 

1699
01:28:47,400 --> 01:28:51,400
He demonstrated a Predators 
Instinct striking, where least 

1700
01:28:51,400 --> 01:28:54,700
expected and driving his 
exhausted troops forward with 

1701
01:28:54,700 --> 01:28:59,300
sheer force of will. 
That Monty Dago malisimo and 

1702
01:28:59,300 --> 01:29:02,700
Mondovi French, Canon and 
bayonets rooted forces. 

1703
01:29:02,700 --> 01:29:04,800
That months before would have 
sent them reeling. 

1704
01:29:04,800 --> 01:29:08,100
The Austrian, generals, many 
twice bonapartes as age were 

1705
01:29:08,100 --> 01:29:10,100
confounded by his unpredictable 
Maneuvers. 

1706
01:29:10,100 --> 01:29:13,700
They haven't seen anything yet. 
Napoleon boasted confidently, 

1707
01:29:13,700 --> 01:29:16,900
after one victory in our time. 
No one has the slightest 

1708
01:29:16,900 --> 01:29:20,000
conception of what is great. 
It is up to me to give them an 

1709
01:29:20,000 --> 01:29:22,500
example. 
His bravado was backed by 

1710
01:29:22,500 --> 01:29:24,900
action. 
He negotiated piedmont's 

1711
01:29:24,900 --> 01:29:26,500
withdrawal from the war within 
weeks. 

1712
01:29:26,500 --> 01:29:29,500
Then turn the army of Italy 
against the austrians occupying 

1713
01:29:29,500 --> 01:29:33,300
Lombardy. 
In May 1796 Napoleon cemented 

1714
01:29:33,300 --> 01:29:36,200
his Legend at the bridge over, 
the Ada river near the town of 

1715
01:29:36,200 --> 01:29:38,900
Lodi. 
The Austrian rear guard had 

1716
01:29:38,900 --> 01:29:40,500
taken up a strong position 
across the river. 

1717
01:29:40,500 --> 01:29:44,800
The Canon covering the narrow 
wooden span Rather than wait for

1718
01:29:44,800 --> 01:29:47,800
a safer Crossing Bonaparte. 
Decided on a frontal, assault 

1719
01:29:47,800 --> 01:29:49,400
that defied. 
All conventional sense. 

1720
01:29:50,300 --> 01:29:52,500
Amidst the deafening Roar of 
enemy guns. 

1721
01:29:52,500 --> 01:29:55,900
He personally helped aim French 
cannons and rallied a column of 

1722
01:29:55,900 --> 01:29:59,300
grenadiers for a head-on charge.
Tricolor flag in hand. 

1723
01:29:59,300 --> 01:30:02,500
He plunged onto the bridge at 
the head of his men, grapeshot 

1724
01:30:02,500 --> 01:30:05,800
whistled past, his ears planks. 
Splinted under the blast of 

1725
01:30:05,800 --> 01:30:08,200
artillery. 
For an instant, the attack 

1726
01:30:08,200 --> 01:30:11,800
faltered under withering fire. 
But Napoleon stood in the Smoke,

1727
01:30:11,800 --> 01:30:14,500
his sword drawn in his uniform, 
powdered with Gunsmoke. 

1728
01:30:15,500 --> 01:30:20,000
His presence ignited, the troops
with a final yell honorable the 

1729
01:30:20,000 --> 01:30:25,700
troops surged forward here. 
Over running the Austrian guns 

1730
01:30:26,300 --> 01:30:30,100
On the far Bank, the stunned 
enemy broke and fled Lodi was a 

1731
01:30:30,100 --> 01:30:33,800
small battle that in its drama. 
Lay the seed of a myth. 

1732
01:30:35,000 --> 01:30:38,700
Soldiers made by their generals 
Fearless exposure to Fire and 

1733
01:30:38,700 --> 01:30:40,200
his willingness to do a 
corporal's Work. 

1734
01:30:40,200 --> 01:30:43,900
Loading guns affectionately, 
dubbed him a petite Caporal. 

1735
01:30:43,900 --> 01:30:47,500
The little corporal That night 
is the exhausted. 

1736
01:30:47,500 --> 01:30:49,200
French. 
Camped under a moonlit Sky. 

1737
01:30:49,200 --> 01:30:52,500
Poland could not sleep, the 
adrenaline of Victory and 

1738
01:30:52,500 --> 01:30:55,000
survival course through him. 
In later years. 

1739
01:30:55,000 --> 01:30:58,000
He would recall that at Lodi 
from that moment on I thought 

1740
01:30:58,008 --> 01:31:01,800
what I might be Already, I felt 
the Earth flea from beneath me 

1741
01:31:01,800 --> 01:31:03,700
as if I were being carried into 
the sky. 

1742
01:31:04,700 --> 01:31:07,300
It was at Lodi that Napoleon 
Bonaparte began to believe 

1743
01:31:07,300 --> 01:31:10,800
unequivocally in his Destiny, 
through the Summer and Autumn of

1744
01:31:10,808 --> 01:31:15,000
1796 Napoleon LED his army on a 
Relentless offensive that read 

1745
01:31:15,000 --> 01:31:17,700
like something out of Caesar's 
commentaries Napoleon. 

1746
01:31:17,700 --> 01:31:20,700
Swiftly crossed the Po River 
flanked enemy positions using 

1747
01:31:20,700 --> 01:31:23,300
Mountain tracks and repeatedly 
encircled. 

1748
01:31:23,300 --> 01:31:27,100
The austrians battle after 
battle, Castiglione are called 

1749
01:31:27,100 --> 01:31:30,100
Rivoli the French over. 
Came Superior numbers through 

1750
01:31:30,100 --> 01:31:33,200
Bonaparte imaginative tactics 
and the Esprit de corps. 

1751
01:31:33,200 --> 01:31:36,900
He instilled his troops marched 
hungry and Barefoot over the 

1752
01:31:36,900 --> 01:31:40,300
Alps referring to him as father,
Violet due to his unexpected 

1753
01:31:40,300 --> 01:31:44,300
arrival, much like the first 
Violet of spring, they came to 

1754
01:31:44,300 --> 01:31:47,100
believe he could do. 
It could take any Fortress and 

1755
01:31:47,100 --> 01:31:52,000
defeat any Foe and often he did.
After a grueling seeded Napoleon

1756
01:31:52,000 --> 01:31:57,000
captured manure in early 1797 
breaking Austrian resistance in 

1757
01:31:57,000 --> 01:31:59,600
Italy. 
By that spring, he had Advanced 

1758
01:31:59,600 --> 01:32:01,200
to the very edge of Austrian 
territory. 

1759
01:32:01,200 --> 01:32:05,000
The once Mighty Habsburg Empire,
shocked by the string of defeats

1760
01:32:05,000 --> 01:32:08,900
inflicted by this, upstart sued 
for peace, rather than CVS 

1761
01:32:08,900 --> 01:32:11,500
threatened. 
But apart dictated terms like a 

1762
01:32:11,500 --> 01:32:16,500
seasoned statement in the Treaty
of Campo formio October 1797. 

1763
01:32:16,500 --> 01:32:20,500
He reshaped the map of Northern 
Italy creating new republics 

1764
01:32:20,500 --> 01:32:23,600
under French influence and 
seeded Venetia to Austria as 

1765
01:32:23,600 --> 01:32:26,900
compensation. 
Remarkably, he negotiated this 

1766
01:32:26,900 --> 01:32:30,000
piece directly outshining the 
politicians back in Paris. 

1767
01:32:30,000 --> 01:32:33,500
He was a general taking the 
initiative to formulate foreign 

1768
01:32:33,500 --> 01:32:35,900
policy, a sign of The Growing 
Power. 

1769
01:32:35,900 --> 01:32:39,300
He was accumulating meanwhile in
the territories he conquered 

1770
01:32:39,300 --> 01:32:43,100
Napoleon revealed other facets. 
We presented himself as a 

1771
01:32:43,100 --> 01:32:46,100
liberator, abolishing feudal, 
Privileges, and spreading 

1772
01:32:46,100 --> 01:32:48,100
revolutionary principles in 
Italy. 

1773
01:32:48,100 --> 01:32:51,500
But he also levied heavy 
contributions and sent convoys 

1774
01:32:51,500 --> 01:32:54,800
of looted art back to France. 
Wagon, loads of paintings and 

1775
01:32:54,800 --> 01:32:58,000
sculptures spoils from Milan 
Verona and Venice trundled over 

1776
01:32:58,000 --> 01:33:00,500
the Alps Bound. 
For the Louvre evidence that 

1777
01:33:00,500 --> 01:33:04,300
Napoleon understood the 
propaganda of culture parisians 

1778
01:33:04,300 --> 01:33:07,500
were thrilled at the arrival of 
masterpieces and the news of 

1779
01:33:07,508 --> 01:33:10,100
victory. 
The directors in Paris found 

1780
01:33:10,100 --> 01:33:12,600
themselves a Clips by the glory 
of their young General. 

1781
01:33:13,300 --> 01:33:15,500
As his Fame grew. 
So did the complexities of his 

1782
01:33:15,500 --> 01:33:19,400
character Napoleon the Romantic 
for instance, was on full 

1783
01:33:19,400 --> 01:33:22,200
display in Italy separated, from
Josephine. 

1784
01:33:22,200 --> 01:33:25,400
He wrote her letters almost 
nightly pouring out his heart in

1785
01:33:25,400 --> 01:33:28,600
unguarded Pros. 
I have loved you for a long time

1786
01:33:28,600 --> 01:33:31,900
to wrote after one battle and I 
feel that I love you more each 

1787
01:33:31,900 --> 01:33:34,600
day. 
I thought I loved you a few days

1788
01:33:34,600 --> 01:33:37,300
ago but since I saw you, I feel 
that I love you. 

1789
01:33:37,300 --> 01:33:40,000
A thousand times more words that
reveal a passionate even 

1790
01:33:40,000 --> 01:33:42,400
obsessive attachment on the 
battlefield. 

1791
01:33:42,400 --> 01:33:45,200
He was icy and calculated, but 
alone in his tent by 

1792
01:33:45,200 --> 01:33:47,900
candlelight, he could be almost 
feverish with longing. 

1793
01:33:48,600 --> 01:33:50,800
Unbeknownst to him. 
Josephine's replies were 

1794
01:33:50,800 --> 01:33:52,600
infrequent and often 
perfunctory. 

1795
01:33:52,600 --> 01:33:56,800
The worldly Creole was enjoying 
Paris society and a discrete 

1796
01:33:56,800 --> 01:34:00,000
affair on the side. 
This imbalance of affection, the

1797
01:34:00,000 --> 01:34:02,500
Conqueror of Italy begging for 
love was a poignant 

1798
01:34:02,500 --> 01:34:05,200
contradiction. 
The soldiers saw their General 

1799
01:34:05,200 --> 01:34:07,400
as a demigod yet in matters of 
the heart. 

1800
01:34:07,400 --> 01:34:10,200
He could be as vulnerable as any
man Napoleon. 

1801
01:34:10,200 --> 01:34:12,800
Was the most renowned figure in 
France, by the time he returned 

1802
01:34:12,800 --> 01:34:16,100
to Paris at the end of 1797 
newspapers. 

1803
01:34:16,100 --> 01:34:21,600
The Italian hero extolling. 
His triumph over overwhelming 

1804
01:34:21,600 --> 01:34:25,700
challenges walking through the 
wheelies Gardens civilians gate 

1805
01:34:25,700 --> 01:34:28,700
and officers snap to attention 
the energy. 

1806
01:34:28,700 --> 01:34:31,500
He exuded had altered the course
of a continent in a matter of 

1807
01:34:31,508 --> 01:34:34,400
months. 
Yet the directory grew where he 

1808
01:34:34,400 --> 01:34:39,000
was a general, whose popularity 
rivaled their legitimacy in 

1809
01:34:39,000 --> 01:34:41,800
Napoleon's piercing gray eyes 
and Kurt self-confidence. 

1810
01:34:41,800 --> 01:34:45,600
Some directory members, Glimpse 
to Potential Threat, for the 

1811
01:34:45,600 --> 01:34:48,400
time being, they showered him 
with honors and fighting him to 

1812
01:34:48,400 --> 01:34:51,700
dine with directors and seeking 
his advice on Grand strategy. 

1813
01:34:51,700 --> 01:34:55,500
However, these politicians 
secretly felt a sense of relief 

1814
01:34:55,500 --> 01:34:58,900
when Bonaparte accepted a new 
assignment that took him far 

1815
01:34:58,900 --> 01:35:01,300
from Paris. 
The Restless general. 

1816
01:35:01,300 --> 01:35:04,100
Just 28 was already looking 
Beyond Italy. 

1817
01:35:04,800 --> 01:35:07,700
In his omnivorous mind. 
The next Grand Adventure was 

1818
01:35:07,700 --> 01:35:10,300
forming. 
He spoke of an expedition to 

1819
01:35:10,300 --> 01:35:13,400
Egypt a bold, strike aimed in 
directly at England. 

1820
01:35:13,400 --> 01:35:15,800
It was audacious and full of 
risk. 

1821
01:35:15,800 --> 01:35:19,400
Perfectly suited to Napoleon 
Bonaparte who by now believe 

1822
01:35:19,400 --> 01:35:21,400
Destiny. 
Had extraordinary plans for him.

1823
01:35:21,400 --> 01:35:24,300
Napoleon embarked on his 
campaign in the east, as both 

1824
01:35:24,300 --> 01:35:26,800
conqueror and Visionary 
determined to etch. 

1825
01:35:26,800 --> 01:35:28,500
His name, alongside Alexander 
the Great. 

1826
01:35:29,400 --> 01:35:32,900
In May 1798. 
He set sail from France with a 

1827
01:35:32,900 --> 01:35:36,500
fleet of soldiers, Scholars and 
dreams leaving the Comforts of 

1828
01:35:36,508 --> 01:35:38,300
Europe. 
For the fabled, Sands of Egypt, 

1829
01:35:38,300 --> 01:35:42,400
The Voyage itself felt like a 
journey into Legend on Deck 

1830
01:35:42,400 --> 01:35:44,300
Under the Stars. 
Napoleon would point out 

1831
01:35:44,300 --> 01:35:47,300
constellation's to his servant 
and news about the glory of 

1832
01:35:47,308 --> 01:35:50,900
antique by day. 
He devoured books on the Orient 

1833
01:35:51,700 --> 01:35:54,500
He was not merely leading an 
army, he was crafting an image 

1834
01:35:54,500 --> 01:35:58,300
of himself as an enlightened 
Liberator and a new season of 

1835
01:35:58,300 --> 01:36:01,500
the East. 
The soldiers packed tightly in 

1836
01:36:01,500 --> 01:36:04,100
the sweltering holds were Regale
with their generals 

1837
01:36:04,100 --> 01:36:06,800
proclamation's that they were 
Bound for Immortal Glory. 

1838
01:36:07,900 --> 01:36:10,800
Many were seasick and anxious 
yet, they believed in him. 

1839
01:36:10,800 --> 01:36:14,200
It was said that as their ships 
passed by the Great Pyramids. 

1840
01:36:14,200 --> 01:36:17,500
Visible on the horizon, Napoleon
dramatically addressed his 

1841
01:36:17,500 --> 01:36:21,400
troops soldiers, from the summit
of these pyramids. 40 centuries 

1842
01:36:21,400 --> 01:36:24,800
looked down upon you, the line 
echoing across the Desert Wind 

1843
01:36:24,800 --> 01:36:28,200
sent shivers down the ranks. 
It was bombastic, historically 

1844
01:36:28,200 --> 01:36:31,200
dubious and utterly effective 
and stirring, men's Souls 

1845
01:36:31,200 --> 01:36:34,600
Bonaparte was scripting his 
mythology, even as it unfolded. 

1846
01:36:35,500 --> 01:36:38,700
After a swift conquest of the 
port of Alexandria Napoleon 

1847
01:36:38,700 --> 01:36:41,400
marched his army, Inland to 
confront the ruling mamluk 

1848
01:36:41,400 --> 01:36:45,700
Warlords. 
On July 21st, 1798 near the 

1849
01:36:45,700 --> 01:36:48,500
village of Ember Bay. 
Napoleon deployed his troops in 

1850
01:36:48,500 --> 01:36:51,600
massive Square's with the hazy 
outline of pyramids in the 

1851
01:36:51,600 --> 01:36:54,300
distance. 
The battle of the pyramids as it

1852
01:36:54,300 --> 01:36:56,800
came to be known was as much the
theater as combat. 

1853
01:36:57,700 --> 01:37:01,300
Malik Cavalry, in colorful silk 
and Armour charged repeatedly 

1854
01:37:01,300 --> 01:37:04,700
renowned for their ferocity. 
That the shattered against the 

1855
01:37:04,700 --> 01:37:08,000
disciplined French Square's, 
bristling with bayonets amid, 

1856
01:37:08,000 --> 01:37:11,500
the volleys and Canon smoke, 
French drummers beat a steady 

1857
01:37:11,500 --> 01:37:14,100
Rhythm that mingled with the 
distant cries of camels and the 

1858
01:37:14,108 --> 01:37:18,200
clan of citadas Napoleon seated,
atop a gray Arabian, charger 

1859
01:37:18,200 --> 01:37:20,600
surveyed the battlefield, 
through his Spyglass. 

1860
01:37:20,600 --> 01:37:24,900
Outwardly, calm, When the dust 
settled by late afternoon, 

1861
01:37:24,908 --> 01:37:28,600
thousands of mamluk riders, lay 
dead or dying in the Nile 

1862
01:37:28,600 --> 01:37:30,700
marshes. 
The French losses were 

1863
01:37:30,700 --> 01:37:33,900
relatively light word spread 
among the locals that the young 

1864
01:37:33,900 --> 01:37:37,400
General had Supernatural Powers.
How else could one explain such 

1865
01:37:37,400 --> 01:37:40,700
a lopsided victory. 
Napoleon encouraged these 

1866
01:37:40,700 --> 01:37:44,600
Whispers, he established himself
in Cairo and convened, a diwan 

1867
01:37:44,600 --> 01:37:48,600
council of local notables 
pledging respect for Islam and 

1868
01:37:48,600 --> 01:37:52,600
the people In proclamations, he 
professed admiration for the 

1869
01:37:52,608 --> 01:37:55,500
prophet Muhammad and claimed the
French were friends of Muslims 

1870
01:37:55,500 --> 01:37:58,800
even inventing a tale of a 
mystical conversation with his 

1871
01:37:58,800 --> 01:38:01,800
arms in a pyramid. such 
declarations were cynical but 

1872
01:38:01,800 --> 01:38:06,500
shrewd aimed at pacifying a land
in new little about Bonaparte, 

1873
01:38:06,500 --> 01:38:09,300
the chameleon was adapting once 
more in Cairo. 

1874
01:38:09,300 --> 01:38:11,900
He appeared draped in an 
oriental robot time's. 

1875
01:38:11,900 --> 01:38:14,000
Playing the part of the 
Liberator of the East. 

1876
01:38:14,800 --> 01:38:18,600
However, reality intruded, on 
his grandiose planes in August 

1877
01:38:18,600 --> 01:38:21,800
1798, mere weeks after the 
Triumph at the pyramids 

1878
01:38:21,800 --> 01:38:25,000
disaster, struck at Sea. 
The British Admiral Horatio 

1879
01:38:25,000 --> 01:38:27,000
Nelson caught. 
The French Fleet anchored in a 

1880
01:38:27,008 --> 01:38:30,700
bouquet Bay and Anna elated it 
in a fiery night, long battle. 

1881
01:38:31,700 --> 01:38:34,600
In one night, Napoleon's 
communication with France was 

1882
01:38:34,600 --> 01:38:39,100
severed, his army was stranded 
in Egypt, unfazed outwardly 

1883
01:38:39,100 --> 01:38:43,100
DoubleDown on forging a new 
narrative if returned to Europe 

1884
01:38:43,100 --> 01:38:45,700
was cut off. 
He would turn his Conquest in to

1885
01:38:45,700 --> 01:38:49,700
a transformative mission. he 
established the Institute a Jeep

1886
01:38:49,700 --> 01:38:52,900
in Cairo where Scholars studied 
everything from ancient 

1887
01:38:52,900 --> 01:38:56,000
hieroglyphs, the Rosetta Stone 
would soon be on Earth by his 

1888
01:38:56,000 --> 01:39:00,100
team, to Modern irrigation, 
French officers strolled the 

1889
01:39:00,100 --> 01:39:03,600
streets with notebooks and of 
only muskets the occupation took

1890
01:39:03,600 --> 01:39:06,700
on a curious. 
Dual nature brutal military rule

1891
01:39:06,700 --> 01:39:10,400
on one hand, suppressing revolts
with mass executions when needed

1892
01:39:10,400 --> 01:39:12,800
and enlightened exploration on 
the other. 

1893
01:39:13,800 --> 01:39:16,700
Napoleon ordered local printers 
to produce a French Arabic 

1894
01:39:16,700 --> 01:39:19,400
newspaper. 
Created a legit praising French,

1895
01:39:19,400 --> 01:39:24,200
these and reforms commissioned 
artists to sketch, ruins and 

1896
01:39:24,200 --> 01:39:28,500
scientists to catalog, Egypt's, 
flora and fauna under the glow 

1897
01:39:28,500 --> 01:39:31,800
of lanterns and cairo's palaces 
conversations about philosophy 

1898
01:39:31,800 --> 01:39:35,400
and governance, unfolded in both
French and Arabic This blend of 

1899
01:39:35,400 --> 01:39:38,200
force and charm offensive was 
bonapartes approached to Empire 

1900
01:39:38,200 --> 01:39:41,600
Building Blocks through both 
sword and pain yet. 

1901
01:39:41,600 --> 01:39:43,600
Egypt would test Napoleon as 
never before. 

1902
01:39:45,000 --> 01:39:56,700
In early 1799, an Overland 
Journeys through sinai's deserts

1903
01:39:56,700 --> 01:40:00,700
into a crucible of hardship. 
The campaign swiftly turned into

1904
01:40:00,700 --> 01:40:04,100
a terrifying ordeal. 
The sun above was merciless, 

1905
01:40:04,100 --> 01:40:08,900
water was scarce plague stalked,
the ranks still Napoleon pushed 

1906
01:40:08,900 --> 01:40:11,400
on capturing. 
Coastal towns like el-arish and 

1907
01:40:11,400 --> 01:40:14,500
Gaza and then storming Jaffer in
March 1799. 

1908
01:40:15,600 --> 01:40:19,600
That Jaffa a horrifying incident
tarnished his reputation after 

1909
01:40:19,600 --> 01:40:22,000
the city fell, thousands of 
Ottoman, soldiers, who had 

1910
01:40:22,000 --> 01:40:25,200
surrendered including a Garrison
previously, paroled by the 

1911
01:40:25,200 --> 01:40:28,500
French were executed under 
Napoleon's orders most by 

1912
01:40:28,500 --> 01:40:31,200
shooting or bayonet. 
It was an act of Ruthless 

1913
01:40:31,200 --> 01:40:33,500
expedience. 
He could neither feed nor 

1914
01:40:33,500 --> 01:40:36,500
guards, so many prisoners, while
enemy forces gathered nearby. 

1915
01:40:36,500 --> 01:40:40,500
The beach outside, Jaffa became 
a field of death later. 

1916
01:40:40,500 --> 01:40:43,300
Accounts described Columns of 
prisoners being led out under 

1917
01:40:43,300 --> 01:40:47,600
guard forced to kneel in the 
June's and the crackle of musket

1918
01:40:47,600 --> 01:40:51,100
fire mingling with screens. 
Napoleon, never publicly 

1919
01:40:51,100 --> 01:40:53,600
acknowledged. 
This massacre within days, he 

1920
01:40:53,600 --> 01:40:56,300
had moved on that. 
Some of his officers were 

1921
01:40:56,300 --> 01:40:58,900
sickened by it. 
The general who spoke of 

1922
01:40:58,900 --> 01:41:01,300
Enlightenment had shown. 
He would also cross any moral 

1923
01:41:01,300 --> 01:41:03,700
line for military necessity 
days. 

1924
01:41:03,700 --> 01:41:07,500
Later in the same city, another 
scene, emerged immortalized in 

1925
01:41:07,508 --> 01:41:10,300
paint and propaganda as a 
Counterpoint to the Bloodshed. 

1926
01:41:10,300 --> 01:41:14,000
A vicious outbreak of Bubonic. 
Plague ravaged, the French Camp 

1927
01:41:14,000 --> 01:41:16,800
after Jaffer. 
Soldiers, lay moaning in a 

1928
01:41:16,800 --> 01:41:19,600
makeshift Hospital. 
Housed in an old Caravan, Surrey

1929
01:41:19,600 --> 01:41:22,900
fear of contagion faster than 
the disease. 

1930
01:41:22,900 --> 01:41:25,800
Many troops. 
Dare not go near the stricken. 

1931
01:41:26,600 --> 01:41:29,800
Napoleon understood that fear, 
could destroy his army faster 

1932
01:41:29,800 --> 01:41:32,500
than plague itself. 
So, on a warm morning in 

1933
01:41:32,500 --> 01:41:35,100
mid-march, he visited the play 
hospital in Jaffa. 

1934
01:41:35,100 --> 01:41:38,000
According to accounts, he Strode
through the low. 

1935
01:41:38,000 --> 01:41:40,700
Archways of the mosque turned in
fermery with a calm expression. 

1936
01:41:40,700 --> 01:41:44,700
As a rays of light pierced, the 
dusty are rows of the second 

1937
01:41:44,700 --> 01:41:47,100
dying line. 
The walls, their face is etched 

1938
01:41:47,100 --> 01:41:51,400
with feverish agony. 
Napoleon showed no hesitation he

1939
01:41:51,400 --> 01:41:54,300
moved from cot to cot speaking 
softly, even touching one 

1940
01:41:54,300 --> 01:41:57,000
soldiers in flame Bobo with his 
bare hand in a gesture of 

1941
01:41:57,000 --> 01:42:00,000
compassion and courage. 
The men watched in astonishment 

1942
01:42:00,000 --> 01:42:03,100
as their General, the same man 
who had ordered Prisoners shot 

1943
01:42:03,100 --> 01:42:06,500
days before now, comforted The 
Afflicted with near saintly 

1944
01:42:06,500 --> 01:42:09,200
composure. 
One soldier, reportedly tried 

1945
01:42:09,200 --> 01:42:12,800
weekly to rise, and salute 
Napoleon, gently made him, rest 

1946
01:42:12,800 --> 01:42:16,700
this visit became legendary 
later back in France. 

1947
01:42:16,700 --> 01:42:18,800
The event would be commemorated 
by artist. 

1948
01:42:18,800 --> 01:42:22,500
Antoine grow in a massive 
painting depicting Bonaparte as 

1949
01:42:22,500 --> 01:42:25,800
a Fearless healer, reaching out 
to the plague stricken bathed in

1950
01:42:25,800 --> 01:42:29,700
a quasi religious glow. 
The painting glossed over the 

1951
01:42:29,700 --> 01:42:32,200
Grimmer context, yet its power 
endures. 

1952
01:42:32,200 --> 01:42:35,900
It was propaganda. 
As much as compassion, Napoleon 

1953
01:42:35,900 --> 01:42:38,900
crafting, the myth of himself as
both ruthless conqueror and 

1954
01:42:38,900 --> 01:42:41,500
benevolent hero. 
That spring, however, military 

1955
01:42:41,500 --> 01:42:45,200
realities were harsh Napoleon's 
Advance Into the Heart of Syria 

1956
01:42:45,200 --> 01:42:47,200
encountered. 
The formidable walls, of Accra 

1957
01:42:47,200 --> 01:42:50,700
British warships, aided the 
ottoman Defenders, and despite 

1958
01:42:50,700 --> 01:42:53,700
repeated assaults The Fortress 
of Akron did not fall. 

1959
01:42:54,600 --> 01:42:58,800
Bonapartes Army grew weaker by 
the day, plague heat and stiff 

1960
01:42:58,800 --> 01:43:02,200
resistance sap their strength. 
After two months of frustration 

1961
01:43:02,200 --> 01:43:04,400
Napoleon, finally lifted The 
Siege. 

1962
01:43:04,400 --> 01:43:08,300
In May 1799. 
He led his gaunt Warren, man on 

1963
01:43:08,300 --> 01:43:11,100
a grueling Retreat. 
Back to Egypt harassed by a 

1964
01:43:11,100 --> 01:43:14,200
mounted ottoman forces, and 
bedeviled by the merciless 

1965
01:43:14,200 --> 01:43:17,100
climate, Omniscient. 
Narrator of History. 

1966
01:43:17,100 --> 01:43:20,200
Might note that the event was 
the first serious setback in 

1967
01:43:20,200 --> 01:43:23,100
Napoleon's career. 
Outside the walls of Accra. 

1968
01:43:23,100 --> 01:43:27,000
The limits of his fortune became
evident in one point incident 

1969
01:43:27,000 --> 01:43:29,600
during the retreat French 
soldier, too. 

1970
01:43:29,600 --> 01:43:31,200
Sick to walk. 
Begged not to be left behind 

1971
01:43:31,200 --> 01:43:34,300
Napoleon pause and in a red 
display of quiet. 

1972
01:43:34,300 --> 01:43:37,600
Mercy ordered that a horse. 
Be left for the man, a small 

1973
01:43:37,600 --> 01:43:43,100
Redemption for jaffas Horror by 
late 1799, Cairo, Napoleon 

1974
01:43:43,100 --> 01:43:45,900
received word of political 
turmoil in France and the threat

1975
01:43:45,900 --> 01:43:47,700
of invasion by European 
coalitions. 

1976
01:43:47,700 --> 01:43:51,200
Sensing that his moment on the 
larger World stage had arrived. 

1977
01:43:51,200 --> 01:43:54,400
He made a fateful decision, he 
would have abandon the Egyptian 

1978
01:43:54,400 --> 01:43:56,300
Enterprise and returned to Paris
post haste. 

1979
01:43:57,300 --> 01:44:00,200
He left general kleber in charge
of the army with secret 

1980
01:44:00,200 --> 01:44:03,300
instructions to negotiate 
withdrawal and slipped out of 

1981
01:44:03,300 --> 01:44:07,600
Egypt, with a few close aides in
August 1799, by luck and 

1982
01:44:07,600 --> 01:44:10,000
stealth, he navigated through 
the British blockades and 

1983
01:44:10,000 --> 01:44:12,800
arrived in France in October 
where he was greeted as a hero. 

1984
01:44:13,600 --> 01:44:16,500
Astonishingly, the disasters, 
the fleet's destruction. 

1985
01:44:16,500 --> 01:44:19,900
And the failure at AKA were 
largely suppressed or ignored in

1986
01:44:19,900 --> 01:44:23,800
the news instead, France, heard 
only of the triumphs, the battle

1987
01:44:23,800 --> 01:44:27,100
of the pyramids, the scientific 
discoveries and the Bold Eastern

1988
01:44:27,100 --> 01:44:30,900
Adventure in the public eye. 
Napoleon returned from Egypt, 

1989
01:44:30,900 --> 01:44:34,000
draped in Oriental, mystery and 
Glory. 

1990
01:44:34,000 --> 01:44:39,300
As he intended He brought home 
Scholars reports, exotic animals

1991
01:44:39,300 --> 01:44:42,300
and our art further fueling the 
legend he was weaving around 

1992
01:44:42,300 --> 01:44:45,300
himself. 
Egyptian Expedition ultimately 

1993
01:44:45,300 --> 01:44:49,100
was a mixed success of best in 
Practical terms, but in terms of

1994
01:44:49,100 --> 01:44:53,200
Napoleon's self-made mythology, 
it was a Triumph he had shown 

1995
01:44:53,200 --> 01:44:57,100
France, not only a general of 
Battlefield genius, but also a 

1996
01:44:57,100 --> 01:44:59,900
leader who aspire to Greatness 
on a civilizational scale. 

1997
01:45:00,700 --> 01:45:04,500
Cast himself as a new Alexander,
a law giver, and Patron of 

1998
01:45:04,500 --> 01:45:07,800
knowledge, as well as a warrior.
The contradictions were Stark. 

1999
01:45:07,800 --> 01:45:11,300
The same man who executed 
prisoners and poisoned plague 

2000
01:45:11,300 --> 01:45:14,500
victims also posed as an amount 
of paper and enlightened ruler. 

2001
01:45:15,200 --> 01:45:18,600
Napoleon seemed aware that to 
achieve immortality, a leader, 

2002
01:45:18,600 --> 01:45:21,200
had to shape his narrative. 
In Egypt. 

2003
01:45:21,200 --> 01:45:23,900
He learned the power of image 
and propaganda from the 

2004
01:45:23,900 --> 01:45:26,600
grandiose proclamations and 
commissioned paintings to the 

2005
01:45:26,600 --> 01:45:28,500
curated flow of news back to 
Europe. 

2006
01:45:28,500 --> 01:45:32,200
He ensured that he Napoleon 
Bonaparte would not be 

2007
01:45:32,200 --> 01:45:34,000
considered merely another French
General. 

2008
01:45:34,000 --> 01:45:37,800
He would become a figure worthy 
of epochs a man who conquered 

2009
01:45:37,800 --> 01:45:40,300
ancient lands and engaged in 
conversation with the pyramids 

2010
01:45:40,300 --> 01:45:43,600
as he returned to France. 
He prepared for his next daring 

2011
01:45:43,600 --> 01:45:48,000
action, seizing political power,
The savior of France had 

2012
01:45:48,000 --> 01:45:50,700
returned from the deserts 
burnished by Sun and fame. 

2013
01:45:50,700 --> 01:45:53,600
Ready to dictate the next 
chapter of the Revolution, the 

2014
01:45:53,600 --> 01:45:57,700
France. 
Napoleon returned to in 1799 was

2015
01:45:57,700 --> 01:46:01,100
right for change. 
In it, the directory government 

2016
01:46:01,100 --> 01:46:06,000
was deeply unpopular marred by 
corruption, economic troubles 

2017
01:46:06,000 --> 01:46:08,400
and Military setbacks and Europe
during his absence. 

2018
01:46:09,300 --> 01:46:13,200
Paris buzzed with rumors of 
coups and conspiracies Emmanuel 

2019
01:46:13,200 --> 01:46:15,600
caes. 
One of the directors famously 

2020
01:46:15,600 --> 01:46:19,200
muttered that France needed 
ahead a sword to complete the 

2021
01:46:19,200 --> 01:46:22,200
revolution's work. 
Fresh from his Egyptian mistake,

2022
01:46:22,200 --> 01:46:25,600
in Italian, Laurels Napoleon 
appeared to many as the ideal 

2023
01:46:25,600 --> 01:46:28,800
candidate for this role. 
Ever the political opportunist, 

2024
01:46:28,800 --> 01:46:33,300
he quietly aligned with plotters
including caes tally and his 

2025
01:46:33,300 --> 01:46:36,000
Savvy. 
Young a brother Lucia Bonaparte.

2026
01:46:37,100 --> 01:46:40,300
Behind closed doors in prison 
salons, thick with cigar smoke, 

2027
01:46:40,300 --> 01:46:43,300
the plot of scheme to topple the
directory throughout October 

2028
01:46:43,300 --> 01:46:47,300
1799. 
Napoleon was cautious at first, 

2029
01:46:47,300 --> 01:46:49,800
assessing every detail like a 
battlefield plan. 

2030
01:46:50,600 --> 01:46:53,300
But as the crowds cheered him in
the streets, and even the fickle

2031
01:46:53,300 --> 01:46:56,000
newspapers, hailed him, he 
realized that now was The 

2032
01:46:56,000 --> 01:46:58,700
crucial moment. 
We command get caught in the 

2033
01:46:58,708 --> 01:47:02,500
current of events confided to a 
friend but I will direct events 

2034
01:47:02,500 --> 01:47:05,600
myself. 
The omniscient, narrator might 

2035
01:47:05,600 --> 01:47:09,700
observe that fortune was once 
again favoring him Napoleon put 

2036
01:47:09,700 --> 01:47:13,300
his plan in motion on the 
morning of 18 Premier year. 8 

2037
01:47:13,300 --> 01:47:18,600
November 9th 1799 by the 
Republican calendar under the 

2038
01:47:18,608 --> 01:47:22,900
pretext of a supposed threat. 
He persuaded the counts as 

2039
01:47:22,900 --> 01:47:26,700
legislature to move their 
session out of volatile Paris to

2040
01:47:26,700 --> 01:47:29,700
the Suburban. 
Chateau of Saint clue where his 

2041
01:47:29,700 --> 01:47:31,200
loyal troops could surround 
them. 

2042
01:47:32,300 --> 01:47:35,200
The air was tense and thick with
the Intrigue as Bonaparte. 

2043
01:47:35,200 --> 01:47:38,300
His generals uniform mounted a 
horse and trotted through the 

2044
01:47:38,300 --> 01:47:40,400
Paris streets flanked by 
grenadiers. 

2045
01:47:40,400 --> 01:47:44,200
He had told Josina to be ready 
for any outcome, success, or is 

2046
01:47:44,200 --> 01:47:47,600
death or imprisonment. 
If I fail, I shall be outlawed 

2047
01:47:47,600 --> 01:47:51,200
tomorrow. 
He said Flatley By afternoon 

2048
01:47:51,200 --> 01:47:55,100
under grain November Skies 
soldiers, occupied key positions

2049
01:47:55,100 --> 01:47:58,900
around Saint clew inside 
bewildered deputies, gathered in

2050
01:47:58,900 --> 01:48:01,600
gilded Chambers. 
Suspecting something was amiss 

2051
01:48:02,600 --> 01:48:04,300
Napoleon paste in an 
anti-chamber 

2052
01:48:04,300 --> 01:48:08,500
uncharacteristically nervous. 
He was a man used to commanding 

2053
01:48:08,500 --> 01:48:12,200
armies not quelling politicians 
and perhaps the first time 

2054
01:48:12,200 --> 01:48:15,300
doubted him. 
Nonetheless, he steeled himself 

2055
01:48:15,300 --> 01:48:18,600
and strode into the Hall of the 
Council of ancients head high. 

2056
01:48:18,600 --> 01:48:22,700
He addressed the Ancients with 
controlled passion, decrying the

2057
01:48:22,700 --> 01:48:25,900
incapable directory and the 
perils facing France. 

2058
01:48:27,500 --> 01:48:30,500
And trembled slightly as he 
gestured, this was no 

2059
01:48:30,500 --> 01:48:34,000
Battlefield and the Hostile 
stares of elected. 

2060
01:48:34,000 --> 01:48:35,500
Deputies were a new kind of 
danger. 

2061
01:48:36,400 --> 01:48:39,000
Some applauded. 
But others murmured in descent. 

2062
01:48:39,800 --> 01:48:41,700
Napoleon next move to the 
Council of 500. 

2063
01:48:41,700 --> 01:48:45,100
The lower house where things 
would soon descend into chaos. 

2064
01:48:45,100 --> 01:48:48,800
The moment he entered the orange
tree, where 500 legislators were

2065
01:48:48,800 --> 01:48:52,700
meeting a hostile raw rose up 
down with the Tyrant Outlaw him.

2066
01:48:52,700 --> 01:48:55,500
Jacob, in deputies screamed upon
seeing soldiers at his back, 

2067
01:48:55,500 --> 01:48:59,400
Napoleon momentarily, stumbled 
over his words to clearing that.

2068
01:48:59,400 --> 01:49:02,900
His only goal was to preserve 
the Republic his presence in 

2069
01:49:02,900 --> 01:49:07,000
flamed the assembly and not of 
deputies rushed at him one even 

2070
01:49:07,000 --> 01:49:08,900
lunging as if to stab him with a
paper knife. 

2071
01:49:09,900 --> 01:49:14,900
Amid shouts of hodler Outlaw him
Napoleon, turned pale and 

2072
01:49:14,900 --> 01:49:17,600
reportedly began to shake. 
For heartbeat. 

2073
01:49:17,600 --> 01:49:20,200
It seemed his carefully laid. 
Cool might collapse in 

2074
01:49:20,200 --> 01:49:23,000
embarrassment. 
Grenadiers hustled him out as 

2075
01:49:23,000 --> 01:49:26,400
the hall erupted in pandemonium 
outside in the palace. 

2076
01:49:26,400 --> 01:49:29,500
Courtyard, Napoleon, Court, his 
breath, sweat, beading on his 

2077
01:49:29,500 --> 01:49:32,400
forehead in the cool watermere, 
he was used to Battlefield 

2078
01:49:32,400 --> 01:49:34,600
Glory. 
That this was raw political 

2079
01:49:34,600 --> 01:49:38,500
theater and it was almost lost. 
The day was saved by combination

2080
01:49:38,500 --> 01:49:40,700
of military force and his 
brothers, quick wits. 

2081
01:49:41,300 --> 01:49:44,300
Lucien Bonaparte decisively, 
took the stage as president of 

2082
01:49:44,300 --> 01:49:47,500
the Council of 500. 
He Slipped Away and addressed 

2083
01:49:47,500 --> 01:49:51,700
the soldiers waiting outside 
with a dramatic flourish Lucian,

2084
01:49:51,700 --> 01:49:54,700
drew his sword, and pointed it, 
and Napoleon's chest shouting 

2085
01:49:54,700 --> 01:49:57,700
that his brother being attacked 
by assassins and side and that 

2086
01:49:57,700 --> 01:49:59,100
he would strike in Napoleon down
himself. 

2087
01:49:59,100 --> 01:50:03,500
If ever the general betrayed the
people, The grenadiers perplexed

2088
01:50:03,500 --> 01:50:07,300
but swayed by Lucy's bravado 
rallied they burst into the hall

2089
01:50:07,300 --> 01:50:10,400
with fixed bayonets clearing it 
of recalcitrant deputies in 

2090
01:50:10,400 --> 01:50:12,600
minutes. 
They're just Slaters scrambled 

2091
01:50:12,600 --> 01:50:15,400
out windows or bolted for the 
doors as soldiers occupied the 

2092
01:50:15,400 --> 01:50:18,300
chamber like evening Santa was 
silent. 

2093
01:50:18,300 --> 01:50:20,900
Save for the measured Tramp of 
boots on marble floors. 

2094
01:50:20,900 --> 01:50:25,100
A rump of hand-picked deputies, 
brought back underneath guard. 

2095
01:50:25,100 --> 01:50:28,200
Voted to abolish the directory 
and appointed a three-man 

2096
01:50:28,200 --> 01:50:29,500
consulate to govern. 
France. 

2097
01:50:30,600 --> 01:50:33,300
The coup so far messier than 
planned had succeeded. 

2098
01:50:34,300 --> 01:50:37,200
Napoleon was named first Consul 
the dominant position in the new

2099
01:50:37,200 --> 01:50:40,500
government as he rode back to 
Paris that night under escort. 

2100
01:50:40,500 --> 01:50:44,900
He was exhausted but exultant 
the revolution is over and 

2101
01:50:44,900 --> 01:50:47,900
declared to an aide with quiet. 
Triumph, I am the revolution now

2102
01:50:49,000 --> 01:50:52,000
In reality, it was a new 
beginning, the 30 year old 

2103
01:50:52,000 --> 01:50:55,900
General had seized control of 
the nation, over the next month 

2104
01:50:55,900 --> 01:50:59,500
Napoleon, solidified, his power 
with breathtaking speed and 

2105
01:50:59,500 --> 01:51:03,400
shrewdness while years and 
Decor, the other two consoles 

2106
01:51:03,400 --> 01:51:06,600
were shunted aside into a 
relevance Bonaparte set up 

2107
01:51:06,600 --> 01:51:08,500
residence. 
In the trailer's Palace, the 

2108
01:51:08,500 --> 01:51:11,900
former Royal residents signaling
that a new kind of ruler had 

2109
01:51:11,908 --> 01:51:14,400
arrived. 
He worked ferociously, sometimes

2110
01:51:14,400 --> 01:51:17,500
18 hours, a day, overseeing 
everything from military 

2111
01:51:17,500 --> 01:51:19,400
operations to administrative 
reforms. 

2112
01:51:20,200 --> 01:51:22,800
The third person omniscient view
allows a glimpse into his 

2113
01:51:22,800 --> 01:51:26,500
private routine rise in Before 
Dawn he would dictate letters to

2114
01:51:26,500 --> 01:51:29,500
multiple secretaries and 
succession his mind leaping from

2115
01:51:29,500 --> 01:51:31,900
topic to topic. 
Then meet ministers then 

2116
01:51:31,900 --> 01:51:34,400
generals sorting each issue with
a decisive Clarity. 

2117
01:51:34,400 --> 01:51:38,000
He seemed to scarcely need sleep
running on ambition and endless 

2118
01:51:38,000 --> 01:51:41,300
cups of strong coffee. 
France, weary of a decade of 

2119
01:51:41,300 --> 01:51:43,200
revolutionary. 
Chaos, responded 

2120
01:51:43,200 --> 01:51:45,100
enthusiastically firmly 
leadership. 

2121
01:51:45,100 --> 01:51:49,100
Even as Napoleon Titan 
censorship on the press and set 

2122
01:51:49,100 --> 01:51:51,000
up an official secret police 
under Joseph. 

2123
01:51:51,000 --> 01:51:53,400
Fouche, many welcome the 
stability. 

2124
01:51:53,400 --> 01:51:57,500
These measures brought the new 
slogan appeared Authority, not 

2125
01:51:57,500 --> 01:52:00,900
Liberty. 
The very people who had once 

2126
01:52:00,900 --> 01:52:02,700
shouted for Freedom now craved 
order. 

2127
01:52:03,400 --> 01:52:06,400
Bonaparte delivered, it. 
Abroad. 

2128
01:52:06,400 --> 01:52:09,600
He continued to prove his genius
on the battlefield further 

2129
01:52:09,600 --> 01:52:14,400
cementing his position at home. 
In 1800 when Austria threatened 

2130
01:52:14,400 --> 01:52:17,400
to overturn the gains of the 
Revolution Napoleon, led a 

2131
01:52:17,400 --> 01:52:20,400
dramatic crossing of the Alps, 
guiding the army of the reserve 

2132
01:52:20,400 --> 01:52:23,200
through the high passes with 
Canon dragged by mules and men 

2133
01:52:23,200 --> 01:52:25,300
and scenes. 
That would later be immortalized

2134
01:52:25,300 --> 01:52:27,300
in art, albeit with a white 
charger. 

2135
01:52:27,300 --> 01:52:31,000
He likely never rode Surprise 
the austrians in Northern Italy 

2136
01:52:31,000 --> 01:52:32,800
by securing a victory at 
Morengo. 

2137
01:52:32,800 --> 01:52:37,500
In June, 1800 a fierce battle 
where a midday crisis almost led

2138
01:52:37,500 --> 01:52:41,100
to the French's defeat, but a 
timely cavalry charge reversed, 

2139
01:52:41,100 --> 01:52:46,300
the outcome Moreno became Mythic
in France, Napoleonic as a grand

2140
01:52:46,300 --> 01:52:49,300
trial, for his personal 
leadership indeed, when his 

2141
01:52:49,300 --> 01:52:52,400
exhausted troops, cheered, veeve
Bonaparte on the blood soaked 

2142
01:52:52,400 --> 01:52:55,600
fields of Morango. 
It reinforced his near mechanic 

2143
01:52:55,600 --> 01:52:59,400
status Austria sued for peace 
and Britain to sign the Treaty 

2144
01:52:59,400 --> 01:53:01,800
of Amy. 
And 1802, a rare moment of 

2145
01:53:01,800 --> 01:53:04,700
General European, peace that the
first console used to 

2146
01:53:04,700 --> 01:53:07,300
consolidate his regime. 
During these years. 

2147
01:53:07,300 --> 01:53:10,500
Napoleon revealed himself, not 
just as a brilliant General, but

2148
01:53:10,500 --> 01:53:14,000
as a statement of extraordinary 
talent and contradictions, he 

2149
01:53:14,000 --> 01:53:17,900
set about rebuilding France, the
consulate saw sweeping reforms 

2150
01:53:17,900 --> 01:53:22,300
in new legal code, the code 
civilian code was drafted to 

2151
01:53:22,300 --> 01:53:25,800
inequality before the law 
property rights and secular 

2152
01:53:25,800 --> 01:53:28,700
Authority. 
Napoleon took a direct hand. 

2153
01:53:28,700 --> 01:53:31,100
In its formulation personally, 
chairing. 

2154
01:53:31,100 --> 01:53:34,400
Many sessions of the Council of 
State quill in hand, debating 

2155
01:53:34,400 --> 01:53:36,300
points of contract law are 
inheritance. 

2156
01:53:36,300 --> 01:53:40,800
The code completed in 1804 
eliminated, feudal, remnants and

2157
01:53:40,800 --> 01:53:43,700
became one of Napoleon's 
proudest achievements, a lasting

2158
01:53:43,700 --> 01:53:47,400
framework of Justice. 
At the same time, he broke at a 

2159
01:53:47,400 --> 01:53:50,400
reconciliation with the Catholic
Church through the concordat of 

2160
01:53:50,400 --> 01:53:54,100
1801 healing, the rift caused by
a revolutionary de 

2161
01:53:54,100 --> 01:53:57,500
christianisation. 
To the horror of ideologues this

2162
01:53:57,500 --> 01:54:00,600
pragmatic deal recognized 
Catholicism as the religion of 

2163
01:54:00,600 --> 01:54:03,800
most Frenchmen though, not the 
state, religion and restored 

2164
01:54:03,800 --> 01:54:07,700
some church influence. 
But under Napoleon's terms, the 

2165
01:54:07,700 --> 01:54:10,300
once anti-clerical General 
understood that to pacify 

2166
01:54:10,300 --> 01:54:14,000
France, he must placate her 
Believers thus in Notre. 

2167
01:54:14,000 --> 01:54:15,900
Dame Cathedral where 
revolutionaries had. 

2168
01:54:15,900 --> 01:54:19,500
Once exalted reason Mass was 
celebrated Again by order of the

2169
01:54:19,508 --> 01:54:22,100
first console, no detail of 
governance. 

2170
01:54:22,100 --> 01:54:24,800
Escaped him. 
He created the bank of France to

2171
01:54:24,800 --> 01:54:28,200
stabilize, the currency 
overhauled education with newly 

2172
01:54:28,200 --> 01:54:31,600
says and scholarships and reform
taxation so revenues flowed, 

2173
01:54:31,600 --> 01:54:34,800
reliably roads and bridges were 
built or a cross. 

2174
01:54:34,800 --> 01:54:37,800
The country in the Twilight 
Halls of the twillery. 

2175
01:54:37,800 --> 01:54:41,500
Courtiers once again, danced at 
balls but this time honoring a 

2176
01:54:41,500 --> 01:54:44,700
soldier in place of a king 
France was regaining prosperity 

2177
01:54:44,700 --> 01:54:46,800
and confidence under Napoleon's 
firm hand. 

2178
01:54:47,500 --> 01:54:50,400
All the while, bonapartes 
personal power, grew ever more 

2179
01:54:50,400 --> 01:54:54,700
concentrated. 
In 1802 a national plebiscite to

2180
01:54:54,700 --> 01:54:58,200
Premiere carefully managed by 
his officials, made him first 

2181
01:54:58,200 --> 01:55:01,100
consul for life. 
The result was announced with 

2182
01:55:01,100 --> 01:55:05,800
Fanfare, an implausible majority
of Voters in favor which 

2183
01:55:05,800 --> 01:55:08,800
flattered him immensely, he 
would famously dismiss 

2184
01:55:08,800 --> 01:55:11,600
objections by pointing to such 
plebiscites claiming. 

2185
01:55:11,600 --> 01:55:15,800
He had the people's mandate An 
emperor in Waiting in orbit 

2186
01:55:15,800 --> 01:55:19,100
name, he began to Envision a 
dynasty in the quiet of his 

2187
01:55:19,100 --> 01:55:21,600
private study. 
He pondered the fate of Caesar 

2188
01:55:21,600 --> 01:55:24,100
and Charmaine concluding that 
the revolution needed the 

2189
01:55:24,100 --> 01:55:28,200
permanents of monarchy in a new 
form, his siblings and arranger 

2190
01:55:28,200 --> 01:55:31,900
advantageous, marriages Napoleon
was positioning, the bonapartes 

2191
01:55:31,900 --> 01:55:35,600
as France's new royal family, 
much to the ridicule of some old

2192
01:55:35,600 --> 01:55:38,900
revolutionaries who muttered 
that we did not destroy one 

2193
01:55:38,900 --> 01:55:42,600
aristocracy to create another 
But many others went along 

2194
01:55:42,600 --> 01:55:45,300
eagerly trading. 
Ideological Purity for the 

2195
01:55:45,300 --> 01:55:50,100
trapping of a renewed Court. 
By 1804 foiled plot against his 

2196
01:55:50,100 --> 01:55:53,600
life, such as the infernal 
machine bomb on a Paris Street 

2197
01:55:53,608 --> 01:55:58,000
in 1800 and royalist intrigues 
provided the pretext to take the

2198
01:55:58,000 --> 01:56:02,300
final step. 
In the spring of 1804 evidence 

2199
01:56:02,300 --> 01:56:05,700
of a bourbon princes 
involvement, in a conspiracy LED

2200
01:56:05,700 --> 01:56:09,200
Napoleon to order, the Duke of 
onyeme seized from neutral 

2201
01:56:09,200 --> 01:56:12,500
territory and executed an action
that sent a chill through 

2202
01:56:12,500 --> 01:56:15,100
Europe's aristocracy but 
eliminated a potential 

2203
01:56:15,100 --> 01:56:18,400
figurehead for monarchists. 
Soon after the Senate petition 

2204
01:56:18,400 --> 01:56:21,000
Napoleon to assume the title of 
Emperor to stabilize the 

2205
01:56:21,008 --> 01:56:23,600
government, it was staged, 
managed yet. 

2206
01:56:23,600 --> 01:56:26,700
It answered a real yearning, 
among the French for continuity 

2207
01:56:26,700 --> 01:56:29,500
and Glory. 
Napoleon accepted. 

2208
01:56:29,500 --> 01:56:31,700
Another plebiscite was held 
again. 

2209
01:56:31,700 --> 01:56:34,500
Approving by an overwhelming 
margin, that Bonaparte become 

2210
01:56:34,500 --> 01:56:38,900
emperor of the French On 
December 2nd, 1804 Notre Dame 

2211
01:56:38,900 --> 01:56:41,700
cathedral in Paris hosted a 
coronation the likes of which 

2212
01:56:41,700 --> 01:56:45,300
Europe had not seen in decades, 
the medieval edifice wants to 

2213
01:56:45,300 --> 01:56:47,400
face and neglected in the 
Revolutionary term. 

2214
01:56:47,400 --> 01:56:50,800
Oil was lavishly restored and 
raped in crimson and gold, for 

2215
01:56:50,800 --> 01:56:54,400
the occasional dignitaries from 
across Europe, some grudging 

2216
01:56:54,400 --> 01:56:58,600
others, curious attended. 
Pope Pius, the seventh himself 

2217
01:56:58,600 --> 01:57:02,100
was brought from Rome to bless 
the ceremony, a stunning coup 

2218
01:57:02,100 --> 01:57:05,500
that led to mantle of ancient 
legitimacy, the atmosphere 

2219
01:57:05,500 --> 01:57:07,300
inside, Notre Dame mixed 
Grandeur. 

2220
01:57:07,300 --> 01:57:11,600
With spectacle incense wafted 
through the air hundreds of 

2221
01:57:11,608 --> 01:57:16,700
candles illuminated the Nave and
the 35 year old Napoleon Robes 

2222
01:57:16,700 --> 01:57:19,600
of velvet. 
And in process down the aisle to

2223
01:57:19,600 --> 01:57:23,700
the strains of Glorious music. 
The true to his character, he 

2224
01:57:23,700 --> 01:57:26,300
subtly upended Tradition at the 
climactic moment. 

2225
01:57:27,100 --> 01:57:30,400
As the pope prepared to anoint 
and Crown Him Napoleon, stepped 

2226
01:57:30,400 --> 01:57:34,000
forward, took the crown, the new
golden diadem modeled on 

2227
01:57:34,008 --> 01:57:37,100
Charlemagne's into his hands and
placed it upon his head. 

2228
01:57:37,100 --> 01:57:40,700
The audience gasped, softly was 
unheard of from a monarch to 

2229
01:57:40,700 --> 01:57:44,100
Crown himself, then Napoleon. 
Crowned Josephine, as empress 

2230
01:57:44,100 --> 01:57:46,800
gently setting, a small crown on
her bowed head. 

2231
01:57:46,800 --> 01:57:50,800
Even as tears of emotion, filled
her eyes, their marriage had 

2232
01:57:50,800 --> 01:57:52,400
been Rocky over the issue of an 
air. 

2233
01:57:52,400 --> 01:57:56,600
But today, they presented a 
united front in Majesty, the 

2234
01:57:56,600 --> 01:57:59,700
pope raised a hand in blessing 
effectively ratifying what had 

2235
01:57:59,700 --> 01:58:02,700
already occurred. 
Observers noted the symbolism 

2236
01:58:02,700 --> 01:58:05,800
Napoleon signaled, that he owed 
his throne to no one. 

2237
01:58:05,800 --> 01:58:08,900
But himself in the French people
by the grace of God and the 

2238
01:58:08,900 --> 01:58:12,500
constitution of the Republic as 
the formula ran, Some 

2239
01:58:12,500 --> 01:58:14,100
detractors. 
Whispered, it was the ultimate 

2240
01:58:14,100 --> 01:58:17,400
Act of bonaparte's arrogance. 
Others saw in it the genius of a

2241
01:58:17,400 --> 01:58:19,300
man who made and recognized his 
own destiny. 

2242
01:58:19,300 --> 01:58:23,000
Either way Napoleon had risen 
from Corsica and obscurity to 

2243
01:58:23,000 --> 01:58:27,800
Imperial Zenith in just 15 years
as the Cannons, boomed, a 21 gun

2244
01:58:27,800 --> 01:58:31,000
salute across Paris and the 
newly crowned Empress stepped 

2245
01:58:31,000 --> 01:58:34,900
out on the federal steps in the 
same uniform, he wore at moringo

2246
01:58:34,900 --> 01:58:39,000
beneath the Imperial mantle the 
crowds acclaimed him wildly many

2247
01:58:39,000 --> 01:58:42,000
had tears in their eyes 
believing they beheld the savior

2248
01:58:42,000 --> 01:58:46,200
of France crowned in glory Thus,
the French Republic gave way to 

2249
01:58:46,200 --> 01:58:50,400
the French Empire with Napoleon 
the first on the throne in him. 

2250
01:58:50,400 --> 01:58:53,400
You saw a rare combination of 
revolutionary change and 

2251
01:58:53,400 --> 01:58:55,900
traditional Authority. 
He kept the slogan, Liberty, 

2252
01:58:55,900 --> 01:58:59,400
equality, fraternity, on his 
lips even as he founded a new 

2253
01:58:59,408 --> 01:59:03,200
nobility, granted Marshalls 
princely titles and sat on a 

2254
01:59:03,200 --> 01:59:05,400
throne. 
The third person, omniscient 

2255
01:59:05,400 --> 01:59:09,000
perspective discerns in Napoleon
a consciousness of this Paradox.

2256
01:59:09,000 --> 01:59:12,200
He sincerely viewed himself as 
the guarantor of the 

2257
01:59:12,200 --> 01:59:15,500
revolution's core games. 
Even while accumulating power 

2258
01:59:15,500 --> 01:59:17,800
more absolute than any bourbon 
before him. 

2259
01:59:19,000 --> 01:59:21,000
On the night after the 
coronation in the twillery 

2260
01:59:21,000 --> 01:59:23,100
palace, the emperor, sat long 
awake. 

2261
01:59:23,900 --> 01:59:26,100
The Imperial Crown rested on a 
table nearby. 

2262
01:59:26,100 --> 01:59:29,400
Did he feel Triumph while the 
weight of what he had assumed 

2263
01:59:29,400 --> 01:59:33,600
perhaps both, he had achieved 
Grandeur but the drive that fuel

2264
01:59:33,600 --> 01:59:36,500
him did not Abate. 
He murmured to one confident 

2265
01:59:36,500 --> 01:59:40,200
that evening I have crown 
Josephine but is only a refund, 

2266
01:59:40,200 --> 01:59:42,500
a journey. 
I refuse to slack off on the 

2267
01:59:42,508 --> 01:59:44,200
throne. 
We have only begun. 

2268
01:59:45,500 --> 01:59:49,500
Indeed, New Horizons of power 
stretched out before him Kings, 

2269
01:59:49,500 --> 01:59:53,300
to topple Nations, to found, and
an Empire that at its height. 

2270
01:59:53,300 --> 01:59:56,800
Would redraw the map of Europe 
and leave an indelible mark on 

2271
01:59:56,808 --> 01:59:59,300
History. 
Napoleon's empire burst onto the

2272
01:59:59,300 --> 02:00:03,100
world stage with all the pomp of
a revived Roman Empire and the 

2273
02:00:03,100 --> 02:00:06,500
energy of a modern nation state 
by 1805. 

2274
02:00:06,500 --> 02:00:08,400
The newly. 
Crowned emperor of the French 

2275
02:00:08,400 --> 02:00:10,700
stood at the Apex of his power 
and Charisma. 

2276
02:00:10,700 --> 02:00:13,100
He transformed France 
internally. 

2277
02:00:13,100 --> 02:00:16,900
And now he set out to reshape 
Europe in France's image and 

2278
02:00:16,900 --> 02:00:20,100
under France's domination courts
across the continent. 

2279
02:00:20,100 --> 02:00:24,000
He from Vienna to Berlin. 
Watched the self-made Monarch 

2280
02:00:24,000 --> 02:00:27,000
with a mix of all fear and 
loathing they dubbed him, the 

2281
02:00:27,000 --> 02:00:30,600
Corsican ogre in private yet 
could not deny his Brilliance in

2282
02:00:30,600 --> 02:00:33,500
war in governance. 
Napoleon's contradictions were 

2283
02:00:33,500 --> 02:00:36,800
becoming the world's problem. 
A child of Revolution who donned

2284
02:00:36,800 --> 02:00:40,200
a crown, a promoter of a 
galatian law, who married into 

2285
02:00:40,200 --> 02:00:43,800
the ancient regime in 1809, he 
divorced Josephine who had 

2286
02:00:43,800 --> 02:00:45,900
failed to produce an heir. 
A married. 

2287
02:00:45,900 --> 02:00:49,200
Louise and Austrian holder on 
Archer's. 

2288
02:00:49,200 --> 02:00:51,800
Thus, aligning himself to the 
habsburgs. 

2289
02:00:53,100 --> 02:00:56,800
The Empire Zenith roughly 1807 
to 1809. 

2290
02:00:56,800 --> 02:00:59,200
It seemed nothing could stand 
against him. 

2291
02:00:59,200 --> 02:01:02,400
His Empire stretched from the 
Atlantic to the Russian border 

2292
02:01:02,400 --> 02:01:06,100
from the North Sea to Naples. 
His brother Joseph sat on the 

2293
02:01:06,100 --> 02:01:10,500
throne in Naples, Joseph also 
ruled in Spain after 1808, his 

2294
02:01:10,500 --> 02:01:12,000
brother Louie, governed in 
Holland. 

2295
02:01:12,000 --> 02:01:14,200
His brother Jerome reigned in 
Westphalia. 

2296
02:01:14,200 --> 02:01:18,600
And in Italy, he himself wore 
the iron crown of Lombardy A 

2297
02:01:18,600 --> 02:01:20,900
veritable family system of 
bonapartes replaced. 

2298
02:01:20,900 --> 02:01:24,400
Old dynasties Napoleon's 
Marshals once commoners and 

2299
02:01:24,408 --> 02:01:27,600
Soldiers of Fortune. 
Now, ruled as Dukes over Concord

2300
02:01:27,600 --> 02:01:31,400
province's, the map of Europe 
was redrawn with French client, 

2301
02:01:31,400 --> 02:01:34,800
republics and kingdoms Napoleon 
dismantle the ancient. 

2302
02:01:34,800 --> 02:01:39,600
Holy Roman Empire in the German 
Heartland in 1806, erasing, a 

2303
02:01:39,600 --> 02:01:41,000
millennium of history in the 
process. 

2304
02:01:41,000 --> 02:01:43,700
In its place. 
He created the confederation of 

2305
02:01:43,700 --> 02:01:48,000
the Rhine under his protection. 
From Portugal to Prussia, nearly

2306
02:01:48,000 --> 02:01:50,700
the whole of Continental Europe.
Either lay under his Direct 

2307
02:01:50,700 --> 02:01:54,800
Control or dance to his tune. 
These years sort of Napoleon's 

2308
02:01:54,800 --> 02:01:59,300
military genius at its 
Undisputed Peak The war of the 

2309
02:01:59,300 --> 02:02:02,600
third Coalition in 1805, brought
France, head to head with 

2310
02:02:02,600 --> 02:02:06,200
Austria, Russia and Britain. 
Napoleon's response was 

2311
02:02:06,200 --> 02:02:09,600
characteristically audacious. 
He abandoned his frequently 

2312
02:02:09,600 --> 02:02:13,000
discussed plan to invade Britain
as the Royal Navy still held 

2313
02:02:13,000 --> 02:02:16,200
sway over the seas. 
And instead, he swiftly marched,

2314
02:02:16,200 --> 02:02:20,100
his Grand Army, Eastward in a 
master stroke of maneuver, he 

2315
02:02:20,100 --> 02:02:23,900
encircled an Austrian Army at 
home in October 1805 without a 

2316
02:02:23,900 --> 02:02:26,800
major fight. 
Forcing its surrender then as an

2317
02:02:26,800 --> 02:02:29,200
Austrian and Russian combined 
Force, attempted to regroup. 

2318
02:02:29,200 --> 02:02:32,500
Napoleon lured them into a trap 
on the fields of Australians in 

2319
02:02:32,508 --> 02:02:36,600
Moravia, on December 2nd 1805 
exactly one year. 

2320
02:02:36,600 --> 02:02:39,000
After his coronation, he 
delivered what he himself, 

2321
02:02:39,000 --> 02:02:42,000
regarded as his tactical 
Masterpiece, the Battle of 

2322
02:02:42,000 --> 02:02:44,900
austerlitz also called The 
Battle of the three emperors. 

2323
02:02:45,900 --> 02:02:49,800
At dawn, a gentle fog, blanketed
the plane concealing parts of 

2324
02:02:49,800 --> 02:02:53,200
the French positions. 
Napoleon intentionally exposed 

2325
02:02:53,200 --> 02:02:56,000
his right flank to the Allies 
attack, and when they succumbed 

2326
02:02:56,000 --> 02:02:59,800
his deception, he launched an 
attack on their Center, As the 

2327
02:02:59,800 --> 02:03:02,900
mid-morning Sun, the famed son 
of Australia's burned through 

2328
02:03:02,900 --> 02:03:05,700
the Mist. 
The French seized the high 

2329
02:03:05,700 --> 02:03:09,200
pratts and Heights splitting. 
The enemy Army in two Napoleon 

2330
02:03:09,200 --> 02:03:12,300
galloped past cheering columns 
as they rolled up the Allied 

2331
02:03:12,300 --> 02:03:15,500
Lines by early afternoon. 
The Coalition Army was in full 

2332
02:03:15,500 --> 02:03:17,500
retreat in thousands of enemy 
soldiers. 

2333
02:03:17,500 --> 02:03:20,000
Drowned in the ice of frozen 
lake, lakes that the French 

2334
02:03:20,000 --> 02:03:22,700
artillery shattered, the victory
was complete. 

2335
02:03:23,600 --> 02:03:25,900
Watching the remnants of the 
Russian army, limper way 

2336
02:03:25,900 --> 02:03:29,100
Napoleon remarked to his 
Marshals with pride gentlemen. 

2337
02:03:29,100 --> 02:03:32,900
Remember this day it may well be
the greatest of my life indeed 

2338
02:03:32,900 --> 02:03:35,300
austerlitz served as the 
crowning achievement of his 

2339
02:03:35,300 --> 02:03:38,700
Imperial reign. 
Austria, capitulated signing the

2340
02:03:38,700 --> 02:03:40,500
Treaty of pressburg and seeding 
territory. 

2341
02:03:41,300 --> 02:03:44,600
The Holy Roman Emperor abdicated
his ancient title shortly after 

2342
02:03:44,600 --> 02:03:47,100
effectively ending the Holy 
Roman Empire. 

2343
02:03:48,100 --> 02:03:51,500
In gratitude Napoleon soldiers, 
nicknamed him, the Soleil, 

2344
02:03:51,500 --> 02:03:55,200
Dustin the son of austerlitz, a 
symbol of the glory, he had 

2345
02:03:55,200 --> 02:03:58,300
brought them. 
With Austria cowed Napoleon 

2346
02:03:58,300 --> 02:04:02,100
turned on Prussia in 1806. 
When that Kingdom belatedly an 

2347
02:04:02,100 --> 02:04:03,900
unwise. 
Lee challenged French dominance.

2348
02:04:04,800 --> 02:04:08,200
The Emperors response was Swift 
and devastating in October, 

2349
02:04:08,200 --> 02:04:12,000
1806, crushed the proud Prussian
Army in a twin battle on the 

2350
02:04:12,000 --> 02:04:15,400
same day Jana. 
And our stepdad Jenner 

2351
02:04:15,400 --> 02:04:18,500
Napoleon's forces routed, a 
Prussian Army while on a nearby 

2352
02:04:18,500 --> 02:04:21,800
Field Marshal devou with a 
smaller French Court, defeated 

2353
02:04:21,800 --> 02:04:25,300
the main Prussian Army at our 
state Frederick the great Smith 

2354
02:04:25,300 --> 02:04:28,400
of Prussian military prowess 
crumbled in a single morning. 

2355
02:04:29,300 --> 02:04:32,600
The French marched into Berlin 
and Napoleon visited the tomb of

2356
02:04:32,600 --> 02:04:34,100
Frederick contemplatively 
marking. 

2357
02:04:34,100 --> 02:04:37,000
If you were alive, we wouldn't 
be here today. 

2358
02:04:38,100 --> 02:04:40,500
In a display of both magnanimity
and shrewdness. 

2359
02:04:40,500 --> 02:04:43,500
He took the sword of Frederick 
the great as a he ordered that 

2360
02:04:43,500 --> 02:04:45,900
the Fallen Prussian officers be 
respectfully buried. 

2361
02:04:45,900 --> 02:04:49,700
Despite the trophy Napoleon's 
empire burst onto the world 

2362
02:04:49,700 --> 02:04:52,700
stage with all the pomp of a 
revived Roman Empire and the 

2363
02:04:52,700 --> 02:04:57,000
energy of a modern nation state.
By 1805, the newly. 

2364
02:04:57,000 --> 02:04:59,700
Crowned emperor of the French 
stood at the Apex of his power 

2365
02:04:59,700 --> 02:05:02,000
and Charisma. 
He had transformed France 

2366
02:05:02,000 --> 02:05:04,400
internally. 
And now he set out to reshape 

2367
02:05:04,400 --> 02:05:07,500
Europe in France's image and 
under France's domination. 

2368
02:05:08,400 --> 02:05:11,000
Courts across the continent from
Vienna to Berlin. 

2369
02:05:11,000 --> 02:05:14,400
Watched the self-made Monarch 
with a mix of all fear and 

2370
02:05:14,400 --> 02:05:18,500
loathing a dubbed him, the 
Corsican ogre in private yet, 

2371
02:05:18,500 --> 02:05:20,800
could not deny his Brilliance 
and wearing governance. 

2372
02:05:20,800 --> 02:05:24,100
Napoleon's contradictions were 
becoming the world's problem. 

2373
02:05:24,100 --> 02:05:27,700
A child of Revolution who donned
a crown, a promoter of a 

2374
02:05:27,708 --> 02:05:31,200
galatian law, who married into 
the onion regime in 1809 

2375
02:05:31,200 --> 02:05:35,200
Josephine, who had failed to 
produce an heir, and married 

2376
02:05:35,200 --> 02:05:39,600
Louise, an Austrian archduchess 
dusting himself to the 

2377
02:05:39,600 --> 02:05:45,000
habsburg's At the Empire Zenith 
roughly 1807 to 1809. 

2378
02:05:45,000 --> 02:05:47,300
It seemed nothing could stand 
against him. 

2379
02:05:47,300 --> 02:05:50,400
His Empire stretched from the 
Atlantic to the Russian border 

2380
02:05:50,400 --> 02:05:54,100
from the North Sea to Naples. 
His brother Joseph sat on the 

2381
02:05:54,108 --> 02:05:57,000
throne in Naples Joseph, ruled 
in Spain. 

2382
02:05:57,000 --> 02:06:00,500
After 1808, his brother Louie, 
governed in Holland, his 

2383
02:06:00,500 --> 02:06:04,200
brother's home in Westphalia. 
And in Italy he himself wore the

2384
02:06:04,208 --> 02:06:08,000
iron crown of Lombardy. 
A veritable family system of 

2385
02:06:08,000 --> 02:06:11,900
bonaparte's replaced old 
dynasties Napoleon's, Marshals 

2386
02:06:11,900 --> 02:06:14,200
once commoners and Soldiers of 
Fortune. 

2387
02:06:14,200 --> 02:06:17,800
Now, ruled as Duke's over 
conquered provinces, the map of 

2388
02:06:17,808 --> 02:06:20,800
Europe was redrawn with French 
client, republics and kingdoms. 

2389
02:06:21,800 --> 02:06:24,800
Napoleon dismantled the ancient.
Holy Roman Empire in the German 

2390
02:06:24,800 --> 02:06:28,600
Heartland in 1806, erasing, a 
millennium of history in the 

2391
02:06:28,600 --> 02:06:30,100
process. 
In its place. 

2392
02:06:30,100 --> 02:06:32,600
He created the confederation of 
the Rhine under his protection. 

2393
02:06:33,800 --> 02:06:36,700
From Portugal to Prussia, nearly
the whole of Continental Europe.

2394
02:06:36,700 --> 02:06:40,000
Either lay under his Direct 
Control or dance to his tune. 

2395
02:06:40,600 --> 02:06:43,700
These years saw Napoleon's 
military genius at its 

2396
02:06:43,700 --> 02:06:46,800
Undisputed Peak. 
The war of the third Coalition 

2397
02:06:46,800 --> 02:06:50,500
in 1805, brought France, head to
head with Austria, Russia and 

2398
02:06:50,500 --> 02:06:53,000
Britain. 
Napoleon's response was 

2399
02:06:53,000 --> 02:06:56,500
characteristically or dacious, 
he abandoned his frequently 

2400
02:06:56,500 --> 02:06:59,900
discussed plan to invade Britain
as the Royal Navy still held 

2401
02:06:59,900 --> 02:07:02,500
sway over the seas. 
And in Stead, he swiftly 

2402
02:07:02,500 --> 02:07:06,000
marched, his Grand Army, 
Eastwood in a master stroke of 

2403
02:07:06,000 --> 02:07:08,100
maneuver. 
He encircled an Austrian Army at

2404
02:07:08,100 --> 02:07:12,300
all in October 1805, without a 
major fight, forcing its 

2405
02:07:12,300 --> 02:07:14,800
surrender. 
Then, as an Austrian and Russian

2406
02:07:14,800 --> 02:07:17,900
combined Force, attempted to 
regroup, Napoleon lured them 

2407
02:07:17,900 --> 02:07:20,200
into a trap on the fields of 
Australis in Moravia. 

2408
02:07:21,400 --> 02:07:26,400
December 2nd, 1805 exactly one 
year, after his coronation, he 

2409
02:07:26,400 --> 02:07:28,800
delivered what he himself, 
regarded as his tactical 

2410
02:07:28,800 --> 02:07:31,800
Masterpiece, the Battle of 
austerlitz also called The 

2411
02:07:31,800 --> 02:07:35,800
Battle of the three emperors. 
At dawn, a gentle fog, blanketed

2412
02:07:35,800 --> 02:07:38,500
the plane concealing parts of 
the French positions. 

2413
02:07:38,500 --> 02:07:42,000
Napoleon intentionally exposed 
his right flank to the Allies 

2414
02:07:42,000 --> 02:07:45,300
attack, and when they succumbed 
to his deception, he launched an

2415
02:07:45,300 --> 02:07:49,000
attack on this Center. 
As the mid morning sun, the 

2416
02:07:49,000 --> 02:07:52,600
famed son of austerlitz, burned 
Through The Mists, the French 

2417
02:07:52,600 --> 02:07:54,800
seized the high, pratts and 
Heights splitting. 

2418
02:07:54,800 --> 02:07:58,000
The enemy Army in two Napoleon 
galloped past cheering columns 

2419
02:07:58,000 --> 02:08:01,100
as they rolled up the Allied 
Lines by early afternoon. 

2420
02:08:01,100 --> 02:08:04,600
The Coalition Army was in full 
Retreat and thousands of enemy 

2421
02:08:04,600 --> 02:08:06,300
soldiers. 
Drowned in the ice of frozen 

2422
02:08:06,300 --> 02:08:09,300
lake lakes that the French 
artillery shattered, the victory

2423
02:08:09,300 --> 02:08:12,300
was complete. 
Watching the remnants of the 

2424
02:08:12,300 --> 02:08:14,500
Russian army limp away in 
Napoleon remarked to his 

2425
02:08:14,500 --> 02:08:18,900
Marshals with pride gentlemen. 
Remember this day it may well be

2426
02:08:18,900 --> 02:08:22,600
the greatest of my life. 
Indeed, Austin. 

2427
02:08:26,100 --> 02:08:29,800
Austria, capitulated signing the
Treaty of pressburg and seeding 

2428
02:08:29,800 --> 02:08:31,900
territory. 
The Holy Roman Emperor, 

2429
02:08:31,900 --> 02:08:35,800
abdicated his ancient title 
shortly after effectively ending

2430
02:08:35,800 --> 02:08:39,200
the Holy Roman Empire in 
gratitude, Napoleon soldiers, 

2431
02:08:39,200 --> 02:08:43,600
nicknamed him, the Soleil, 
Dustin the son of Australis, a 

2432
02:08:43,600 --> 02:08:45,000
symbol of the glory, he had 
brought them. 

2433
02:08:45,900 --> 02:08:49,600
With Austria cowed Napoleon 
turned on pressure in 1806, when

2434
02:08:49,600 --> 02:08:52,800
that Kingdom, relatedly and 
unwisely challenged French 

2435
02:08:52,800 --> 02:08:55,700
dominance. 
The emperor's response was Swift

2436
02:08:55,700 --> 02:08:58,500
and devastating. 
In October 1806. 

2437
02:08:58,500 --> 02:09:01,900
He crushed the proud Prussian 
Army in a twin battle on the 

2438
02:09:01,900 --> 02:09:07,300
same day Jenner and our Stead. 
Outside Jana Napoleon's forces 

2439
02:09:07,300 --> 02:09:09,900
routed, oppression Army while on
a nearby Field. 

2440
02:09:09,900 --> 02:09:12,900
Marshal davout with a smaller 
French Corps, defeated the main 

2441
02:09:12,900 --> 02:09:16,500
Prussian Army at our state 
Frederick the Great's myth of 

2442
02:09:16,500 --> 02:09:19,200
Prussian military, prowess 
crumbled in a single morning. 

2443
02:09:20,100 --> 02:09:23,400
The French marched into Berlin 
and Napoleon visited the tomb of

2444
02:09:23,400 --> 02:09:24,900
Frederick contemplatively 
remarking. 

2445
02:09:24,900 --> 02:09:27,500
If he were alive, we wouldn't be
here today. 

2446
02:09:28,600 --> 02:09:30,900
In a display of both magnanimity
and shrewdness. 

2447
02:09:30,900 --> 02:09:34,100
He took the sword of Frederick 
the great as he ordered that, 

2448
02:09:34,100 --> 02:09:36,500
the fall of Russian officers be 
respectful buried. 

2449
02:09:36,500 --> 02:09:39,800
Despite the trophy, the 
peninsula War as the conflict. 

2450
02:09:39,800 --> 02:09:43,000
In Spain, came to be known 
became a vicious years-long. 

2451
02:09:43,000 --> 02:09:46,000
Guerrilla struggle, the Napoleon
later referred to, as the 

2452
02:09:47,100 --> 02:09:50,000
Spanish ulcer. 
Draining his resources. 

2453
02:09:51,100 --> 02:09:53,000
It was the first major crack in 
his Empire. 

2454
02:09:53,000 --> 02:09:56,600
The mighty French arm designed 
for set-piece battles. 

2455
02:09:56,600 --> 02:10:00,200
Found itself bleeding in a 
symmetric war of ambushes and 

2456
02:10:00,200 --> 02:10:04,500
reprisals in the Spanish Hills. 
Napoleon himself traveled to 

2457
02:10:04,508 --> 02:10:08,600
Spain in late 1808 to Blitz, the
resisting Spanish armies and did

2458
02:10:08,600 --> 02:10:11,000
win conventional battles with 
typical Brilliance. 

2459
02:10:11,000 --> 02:10:15,000
But he could not pacify the 
proud and hostile in definitely 

2460
02:10:16,000 --> 02:10:19,400
The British seized the chance 
and landed forces under Arthur 

2461
02:10:19,400 --> 02:10:22,300
Wellesley the future Duke of 
Wellington to support the 

2462
02:10:22,300 --> 02:10:25,900
Spaniards and Portuguese. 
For the first time Napoleon's 

2463
02:10:25,900 --> 02:10:29,600
Aura of invincibility was under 
Threat by an Insurrection and a 

2464
02:10:29,600 --> 02:10:32,700
foreign Expedition on his flank.
Still at the Empire's height, 

2465
02:10:32,700 --> 02:10:35,600
these troubles seemed minor 
compared to the Grand canvas of 

2466
02:10:35,600 --> 02:10:39,800
Napoleon's dominance. 
In 1809 Austria, encouraged by 

2467
02:10:39,800 --> 02:10:42,500
French difficulties in Spain to 
challenge. 

2468
02:10:42,500 --> 02:10:46,100
Napoleon once more, the emperor 
responded with swift Fury 

2469
02:10:46,100 --> 02:10:48,900
though, the Austrian surprise 
him and handed him. 

2470
02:10:48,900 --> 02:10:52,200
His first personal defeat in a 
pitched battle at Aspen essling 

2471
02:10:52,200 --> 02:10:55,800
just outside Vienna. 
Where in May 1809 Archduke, 

2472
02:10:55,800 --> 02:10:58,800
Charles inflicted heavy losses 
as Napoleon's attempt across? 

2473
02:10:58,800 --> 02:11:01,600
The Danube was repelled, the 
French regrouped. 

2474
02:11:02,500 --> 02:11:05,800
In July, Napoleon spearheaded a 
significant attack during the 

2475
02:11:05,800 --> 02:11:08,400
Battle of Wagner. 
The two-day intense battle on 

2476
02:11:08,400 --> 02:11:11,800
the plane's close to Vienna. 
It was a grim attritional battle

2477
02:11:11,800 --> 02:11:15,300
lacking, the elegant maneuvers 
of Australis but Napoleon's 

2478
02:11:15,300 --> 02:11:17,500
larger reserve of men and 
artillery prevailed. 

2479
02:11:18,200 --> 02:11:21,700
Austria sued for peace again 
after Wagram as part of the 

2480
02:11:21,700 --> 02:11:25,300
settlement and to solidify the 
new Franco Austrian Amity, 

2481
02:11:25,300 --> 02:11:28,900
Napoleon took the dramatic step 
of divorcing Josephine. 

2482
02:11:28,900 --> 02:11:33,300
His beloved but now 46 year old 
Empress who would give him no 

2483
02:11:33,300 --> 02:11:36,000
children and marrying 
archduchess Marie Louise of 

2484
02:11:36,000 --> 02:11:38,900
Austria. 
The Act was a profound personal 

2485
02:11:38,900 --> 02:11:42,500
sacrifice for him, both he and 
Josephine wept bitterly at their

2486
02:11:42,508 --> 02:11:46,000
formal parting, despite passed 
infidelities on both sides. 

2487
02:11:47,000 --> 02:11:49,600
Yet Napoleon ever pragmatic 
about power. 

2488
02:11:49,600 --> 02:11:53,300
Knew the Bonaparte Legacy needed
an air of his own blood and an 

2489
02:11:53,300 --> 02:11:55,700
Austrian princess would bring 
legitimacy in the eyes of 

2490
02:11:55,708 --> 02:11:59,200
Europe. 
In 1811 Mary Louise bored him. 

2491
02:11:59,200 --> 02:12:01,300
A son who Napoleon grandly 
titled? 

2492
02:12:01,300 --> 02:12:04,700
The king of Rome. 
At 42, the emperor had a healthy

2493
02:12:04,700 --> 02:12:07,500
male, Heir, that year marked the
Pinnacle of Napoleonic 

2494
02:12:07,500 --> 02:12:10,500
confidence. 
He spoke a founding a dynasty 

2495
02:12:10,500 --> 02:12:14,100
that would last a hundred years,
One evening, holding the infant 

2496
02:12:14,100 --> 02:12:16,100
prints in his arms. 
Beneath the glow of chandelier 

2497
02:12:16,100 --> 02:12:18,600
light. 
He said to have murmured, you 

2498
02:12:18,600 --> 02:12:22,000
will be my living trophy, you 
will inherit all I have made 

2499
02:12:22,000 --> 02:12:25,800
amidst, these triumphs 
Napoleon's influence went beyond

2500
02:12:25,800 --> 02:12:29,500
Warfare and politics leaving an 
imprint on society and even 

2501
02:12:29,500 --> 02:12:32,800
distant continents, he spread 
the Napoleonic Code to the 

2502
02:12:32,800 --> 02:12:35,000
lands. 
He conquered laying foundations 

2503
02:12:35,000 --> 02:12:37,500
for legal systems from Italy to 
the Rhineland. 

2504
02:12:38,000 --> 02:12:41,100
Systems that emphasized clear 
laws and the end of feudal 

2505
02:12:41,100 --> 02:12:44,600
practices, he abolished surfed 
him in Poland and introduced 

2506
02:12:44,600 --> 02:12:47,800
religious toleration and secular
education in many backward 

2507
02:12:47,800 --> 02:12:50,900
corners of Europe. 
In the German states and 

2508
02:12:50,900 --> 02:12:53,600
elsewhere, his rule 
inadvertently sparked feeling of

2509
02:12:53,600 --> 02:12:57,200
nationalism subject. 
People's even as they resented 

2510
02:12:57,200 --> 02:13:00,400
French domination. 
Also, absorbed the ideas of the 

2511
02:13:00,400 --> 02:13:03,400
French Revolution that Napoleon 
carried with his armies. 

2512
02:13:04,200 --> 02:13:07,900
A young German or Italian in 
1810 at once. 

2513
02:13:07,900 --> 02:13:11,600
Hate Napoleon's, oppressive 
taxes, and conscription yet be 

2514
02:13:11,600 --> 02:13:14,500
inspired by the new concepts of 
Liberty and nationhood that came

2515
02:13:14,500 --> 02:13:18,100
in his wake. the consequences of
his Reign also rippled a cross, 

2516
02:13:18,100 --> 02:13:23,000
the Atlantic In 1803 needing 
funds for war and sensing that 

2517
02:13:23,000 --> 02:13:25,200
holding territory in America was
on tenable. 

2518
02:13:25,200 --> 02:13:28,600
After losing Haiti to a slave 
rebellion, Napoleon sold, the 

2519
02:13:28,600 --> 02:13:31,100
vast Louisiana, territory to the
United States. 

2520
02:13:31,100 --> 02:13:33,800
An act that doubled. 
The size of the young American 

2521
02:13:33,800 --> 02:13:36,100
Republic and reshaped Global 
geopolitics. 

2522
02:13:36,800 --> 02:13:39,200
Equip that this sale would 
forever thwart, British 

2523
02:13:39,200 --> 02:13:42,200
Ambitions in the new world and 
ensuring American power that 

2524
02:13:42,200 --> 02:13:45,500
could rival England. 
In a way, he was crafting the 

2525
02:13:45,500 --> 02:13:49,100
future Beyond his own Empire. 
Similarly his toppling of the 

2526
02:13:49,108 --> 02:13:51,600
Spanish regime jolted Spain's 
colonies in Latin. 

2527
02:13:51,600 --> 02:13:54,900
America leaders like Simon 
Bolivar would soon take 

2528
02:13:54,900 --> 02:13:56,800
advantage of the chaos to fight 
for independence. 

2529
02:13:56,800 --> 02:14:00,300
Indirectly influenced by 
Napoleonic upheaval. 

2530
02:14:00,300 --> 02:14:04,500
However at the beginning of the 
1810s Napoleon's World appeared 

2531
02:14:04,500 --> 02:14:07,400
to be completely focused on him.
He had achieved something 

2532
02:14:07,400 --> 02:14:11,600
unprecedented, a French Empire 
that dominated Europe in a 

2533
02:14:11,600 --> 02:14:15,300
manner, not seen since Roman 
times Flanked by his Marshals at

2534
02:14:15,300 --> 02:14:18,300
Grand Victory parades the 
emperor's Pier would stand on a 

2535
02:14:18,300 --> 02:14:19,900
reviewing platform in his 
iconic. 

2536
02:14:19,900 --> 02:14:23,000
Buy corn hat, and simple green 
uniform of the Imperial Guard 

2537
02:14:23,000 --> 02:14:25,500
while thousands of troops passed
in martial. 

2538
02:14:26,800 --> 02:14:30,300
Bands played Lamar's and other 
patriotic hymns that once 

2539
02:14:30,300 --> 02:14:33,400
belonged to the revolution, but 
were Now co-opted to celebrate 

2540
02:14:33,400 --> 02:14:36,200
an emperor. 
To observe as in London or 

2541
02:14:36,200 --> 02:14:39,600
Vienna it might have looked as 
if Europe was lost in a trance 

2542
02:14:39,600 --> 02:14:43,600
of Napoleonic Glory. 
And indeed, many of the common 

2543
02:14:43,600 --> 02:14:45,600
folk in France and her satellite
States. 

2544
02:14:45,600 --> 02:14:48,900
Revered, Napoleon sincerely 
crediting him with delivering 

2545
02:14:48,900 --> 02:14:52,100
efficient government national 
pride and victory after victory.

2546
02:14:52,900 --> 02:14:54,800
Yet within Napoleon's tight 
Circle. 

2547
02:14:54,800 --> 02:14:57,400
There were those who sense the 
dangers of hubris creeping in 

2548
02:14:57,400 --> 02:15:00,600
Talia. 
His Wily foreign minister till 

2549
02:15:00,600 --> 02:15:04,300
Napoleon dismissed him once. 
Remarked acidly that Napoleon's 

2550
02:15:04,300 --> 02:15:08,300
downfall would be his inability 
to stop himself ill, Nopal de 

2551
02:15:08,300 --> 02:15:11,100
limites, he warned a colleague. 
The man knows no limits. 

2552
02:15:12,200 --> 02:15:15,100
Fouche, the police Minister kept
secret dossiers mapping 

2553
02:15:15,100 --> 02:15:18,500
discontent and conspiracies 
aware that not all Hearts were 

2554
02:15:18,500 --> 02:15:21,100
with the emperor. 
Even some Marshals grumbled 

2555
02:15:21,100 --> 02:15:24,200
about the endless Wars and their
human cost mothers. 

2556
02:15:24,200 --> 02:15:25,900
Across France, quite quietly, 
cursed. 

2557
02:15:25,900 --> 02:15:28,400
The emperor we took their sons 
year after year, for his 

2558
02:15:28,400 --> 02:15:31,300
granddaughter Army. 
The empire was powerful but 

2559
02:15:31,300 --> 02:15:34,800
brittle in places Reliant 
entirely on one man's brilliant 

2560
02:15:34,800 --> 02:15:38,300
and Charisma in 1812 at the 
height of his control. 

2561
02:15:38,300 --> 02:15:41,300
Napoleon assembled, the largest 
army Europe had ever seen over 

2562
02:15:41,300 --> 02:15:44,000
half a million men drawn from 
every corner of his domains. 

2563
02:15:44,000 --> 02:15:47,000
LED them Eastward in a campaign 
that he believed would secure 

2564
02:15:47,000 --> 02:15:50,000
his dominance once. 
And for all the target, his 

2565
02:15:50,000 --> 02:15:53,000
former Ally, the Russian Tsar 
who had drifted out of the 

2566
02:15:53,000 --> 02:15:56,500
continental system and defied 
French influence confident, in 

2567
02:15:56,500 --> 02:15:59,600
his Destiny, in a custom to 
Rapid victories Napoleon. 

2568
02:15:59,600 --> 02:16:02,000
Wagered everything on one more 
lightning War. 

2569
02:16:02,900 --> 02:16:07,500
The Grand Army, a Cosmopolitan 
host of Frenchmen Italians 

2570
02:16:07,500 --> 02:16:11,700
Germans polls and others marched
off with singing and high 

2571
02:16:11,700 --> 02:16:14,000
morale. 
And a summer Skies, it was the 

2572
02:16:14,000 --> 02:16:17,400
apogee of Napoleon's hubris an 
emperor at the peak of his 

2573
02:16:17,408 --> 02:16:19,000
power. 
Thinking, the conquest of the 

2574
02:16:19,000 --> 02:16:22,500
vast Russian planes would be, 
but another Triumph to notch on 

2575
02:16:22,508 --> 02:16:25,500
his belt. 
He told a diplomat we should be 

2576
02:16:25,500 --> 02:16:28,900
in Moscow in two months. 
As the column snake. 

2577
02:16:28,900 --> 02:16:32,700
Deeds drummers tapping out, the 
Cadence on Dusty Rhodes, an 

2578
02:16:32,700 --> 02:16:35,700
eagle's glinting in the sun, 
none could imagine that the 

2579
02:16:35,700 --> 02:16:38,299
Zenith of the empire was also 
the beginning of a catastrophic 

2580
02:16:38,299 --> 02:16:41,100
decline. 
For now though, Napoleon star 

2581
02:16:41,100 --> 02:16:44,299
blazed as bright as the midday 
sun in the minds of many. 

2582
02:16:44,299 --> 02:16:47,400
He was the master of Europe 
perhaps even Invincible. 

2583
02:16:47,400 --> 02:16:50,600
The thought that this supreme 
height might precede a full had 

2584
02:16:50,600 --> 02:16:52,799
not yet troubled, the dreams of 
the emperor of the French. 

2585
02:16:52,799 --> 02:16:57,299
However, at the beginning of the
1810s Napoleon's World appeared 

2586
02:16:57,299 --> 02:17:00,200
to be completely focused on him.
He had achieved something 

2587
02:17:00,200 --> 02:17:04,700
unprecedented, a French Empire 
that dominated Europe in a man 

2588
02:17:04,700 --> 02:17:08,299
and not seen since Roman times 
flanked by his Marshals at Grand

2589
02:17:08,299 --> 02:17:10,400
Victory. 
Parades the emperor's Pier would

2590
02:17:10,400 --> 02:17:12,700
stand on a reviewing platform in
his iconic. 

2591
02:17:12,700 --> 02:17:15,799
Bicorn hat and simple, green 
uniform of the Imperial Guard 

2592
02:17:15,799 --> 02:17:18,799
while thousands of troops passed
in martial splendor. 

2593
02:17:19,600 --> 02:17:23,000
Bands played LA marseillaise and
other patriotic hymns that once 

2594
02:17:23,000 --> 02:17:26,299
belonged to the revolution, but 
were Now co-opted to celebrate 

2595
02:17:26,299 --> 02:17:29,000
an emperor. 
To observe as in London or 

2596
02:17:29,000 --> 02:17:32,500
Vienna it might have looked as 
if Europe was lost in a trance 

2597
02:17:32,500 --> 02:17:36,400
of Napoleonic Glory. 
And indeed, many of the common 

2598
02:17:36,400 --> 02:17:39,000
folk in France and a satellite 
States revered. 

2599
02:17:39,000 --> 02:17:42,200
Napoleon sincerely, crediting 
him with delivering efficient 

2600
02:17:42,200 --> 02:17:44,900
government national pride and 
victory after victory. 

2601
02:17:45,700 --> 02:17:47,500
Yet within Napoleon's tight 
Circle. 

2602
02:17:47,500 --> 02:17:50,200
There were those who sensed the 
dangers of hubris creeping in 

2603
02:17:50,200 --> 02:17:53,400
tally Raleigh. 
His Wily foreign minister till 

2604
02:17:53,400 --> 02:17:56,799
Napoleon dismissed him once. 
Remarked acidly that Napoleon's 

2605
02:17:56,799 --> 02:18:00,500
downfall would be his inability,
to stop himself ill and 

2606
02:18:00,500 --> 02:18:02,900
apartheid limits. 
He wander colleague, the man 

2607
02:18:02,900 --> 02:18:06,700
knows no limits. 
Fouche, the police Minister kept

2608
02:18:06,700 --> 02:18:09,299
secret dossi's mapping 
discontent and conspiracies 

2609
02:18:09,299 --> 02:18:11,900
aware that not all Hearts were 
with the emperor. 

2610
02:18:11,900 --> 02:18:15,400
Even some Marshals grumbled 
about the endless Wars and their

2611
02:18:15,400 --> 02:18:18,600
human costs mothers across 
France, quite likely cursed, the

2612
02:18:18,600 --> 02:18:21,600
Emperor who took their sons year
after year for his granddaughter

2613
02:18:21,600 --> 02:18:26,000
May The empire was powerful, but
brittle in places Reliant 

2614
02:18:26,000 --> 02:18:30,200
entirely on one man's Brilliance
and Charisma in 1812 at the 

2615
02:18:30,200 --> 02:18:32,600
height of his control. 
Napoleon assembled, the largest 

2616
02:18:32,600 --> 02:18:35,400
army Europe had ever seen over 
half a million men drawn from 

2617
02:18:35,407 --> 02:18:38,799
every corner of his domains. 
LED them Eastward in a campaign 

2618
02:18:38,799 --> 02:18:40,700
that he believed would secure 
his dominance once. 

2619
02:18:40,700 --> 02:18:44,600
And for all the target, his 
former Ally, the Russian Tsar 

2620
02:18:44,600 --> 02:18:47,299
who had drifted out of the 
continental system and defied 

2621
02:18:47,299 --> 02:18:50,799
French influence confident in 
his Destiny and a custom to 

2622
02:18:50,799 --> 02:18:53,900
Rapid victories Napoleon. 
Wagered everything on one more 

2623
02:18:53,900 --> 02:18:57,900
lightning War. 
The Grand Army, a Cosmopolitan 

2624
02:18:57,900 --> 02:19:03,000
host of Frenchmen Italians 
Germans polls and others marched

2625
02:19:03,000 --> 02:19:06,700
off with singing and high morale
and a summer Skies, it was the 

2626
02:19:06,700 --> 02:19:10,200
apogee of Napoleon's hubris and 
Emperor at the peak of his 

2627
02:19:10,200 --> 02:19:11,799
power. 
Thinking the conquest of the 

2628
02:19:11,799 --> 02:19:15,200
vast Russian planes would be, 
but another Triumph to notch on 

2629
02:19:15,208 --> 02:19:18,299
his belt. 
He told a diplomat, we should be

2630
02:19:18,299 --> 02:19:21,700
a Moscow in two months. 
As the column snake. 

2631
02:19:21,700 --> 02:19:25,200
Deezed drummers tapping out, the
Cadence on Dusty roads and 

2632
02:19:25,200 --> 02:19:28,700
Eagles glinting in the sun. 
None could imagine that the 

2633
02:19:28,700 --> 02:19:31,100
Zenith of the empire was also 
the beginning of a catastrophic 

2634
02:19:31,100 --> 02:19:34,100
decline. 
For now though, Napoleon star 

2635
02:19:34,100 --> 02:19:35,799
blazed as bright as the midday 
Sun. 

2636
02:19:35,799 --> 02:19:38,500
The minds of many. 
He was the master of Europe 

2637
02:19:38,500 --> 02:19:42,000
perhaps even Invincible. 
The thought that this supreme 

2638
02:19:42,000 --> 02:19:44,700
height might precede a full had 
not yet troubled, the dreams of 

2639
02:19:44,700 --> 02:19:47,700
the emperor of the French, the 
ACT left thousands on the far 

2640
02:19:47,700 --> 02:19:50,400
Bank, who shouted as the 
remaining Escape path burned, 

2641
02:19:50,400 --> 02:19:54,900
early December saw the Grande. 
Are may possibly 20,000 ragged 

2642
02:19:54,900 --> 02:19:59,300
frostbitten survivors from 
600,000 stagger into Poland and 

2643
02:19:59,300 --> 02:20:01,700
Prussia. 
Napoleon's side with 

2644
02:20:01,700 --> 02:20:04,300
satisfaction when he entered 
friendly territory after 

2645
02:20:04,300 --> 02:20:07,200
narrowly escaping arrest 
multiple times during the 

2646
02:20:07,200 --> 02:20:11,400
retreat, the cost was nearly 
unfathomable the Russian winter 

2647
02:20:11,400 --> 02:20:14,800
attacks and starvation reduced, 
the overwhelming Force centering

2648
02:20:14,800 --> 02:20:19,000
Russia, less than 10% survived 
snow shattered. 

2649
02:20:19,000 --> 02:20:20,700
Napoleon's European 
invincibility. 

2650
02:20:21,700 --> 02:20:23,800
Paris rumors about the disaster 
for shadowed. 

2651
02:20:23,800 --> 02:20:27,600
His return Napoleon, abandoned 
the remaining troops and rode a 

2652
02:20:27,600 --> 02:20:31,000
sled, back to France and Cognito
and quickly in December 1812. 

2653
02:20:32,100 --> 02:20:35,600
He left, martial nae nae and 
others to oversee the terrible 

2654
02:20:35,600 --> 02:20:39,000
retreat. 
Poland left his forces to avert 

2655
02:20:39,000 --> 02:20:42,000
a domestic coup, the general 
named melaye had launched a 

2656
02:20:42,000 --> 02:20:45,500
strange coup in Paris falsely 
announcing Napoleon's death 

2657
02:20:45,500 --> 02:20:50,600
illustrating how delicate things
were Napoleon crossed blizzards 

2658
02:20:50,600 --> 02:20:53,600
day and night to Paris. 
Before the year's end, he made 

2659
02:20:53,608 --> 02:20:56,300
the country, believe, everything
was fine, masking the 

2660
02:20:56,300 --> 02:20:59,700
devastation. 
Short-lived facade after Russia 

2661
02:20:59,700 --> 02:21:03,200
won Europe's rulers, formed a 
coalition to destroy the weaker 

2662
02:21:03,200 --> 02:21:05,500
Empire. 
Crusher joined Russia, against 

2663
02:21:05,500 --> 02:21:10,200
France in early 1813 Austria 
prepared to jump in Napoleon 

2664
02:21:10,200 --> 02:21:13,100
quickly, recruited youngsters 
and Last Resort reserves to 

2665
02:21:13,100 --> 02:21:16,600
replace his veterans. 
As before he examined maps and 

2666
02:21:16,600 --> 02:21:20,300
made massive plans to defeat the
Allies, he was still alive, but 

2667
02:21:20,300 --> 02:21:23,600
reality was looming his Marshals
feared, he could win an 

2668
02:21:23,600 --> 02:21:25,700
interminable War because the 
French were exhausted. 

2669
02:21:26,800 --> 02:21:31,400
Napoleon returned triumphantly 
in mid 1813 in March 1813. 

2670
02:21:31,400 --> 02:21:34,600
He was beat the Russo, Prussian 
Army at Lutz and bouts and with 

2671
02:21:34,600 --> 02:21:36,900
hardly trained conscripts den 
and straightening his 

2672
02:21:36,900 --> 02:21:40,200
operational competence. 
He hoped to prevent catastrophe 

2673
02:21:40,200 --> 02:21:42,600
again. 
Too many odds were against him, 

2674
02:21:42,600 --> 02:21:46,600
October 1813 saw the Battle of 
Leipzig later, renamed, the 

2675
02:21:46,600 --> 02:21:50,100
Battle of nations in Saxony 
three days of fierce fighting 

2676
02:21:50,100 --> 02:21:53,100
between Napoleon's, Marshals and
guard and a combined Russian 

2677
02:21:53,100 --> 02:21:57,500
Austrian and Swedish army. 
Napoleon was outnumbered roughly

2678
02:21:57,500 --> 02:22:00,200
two to one attrition and hostile
teamwork. 

2679
02:22:00,200 --> 02:22:02,700
Defeated him despite his 
expertise and bravery. 

2680
02:22:03,800 --> 02:22:06,500
Scared French officer blew up a 
crucial bridge too early 

2681
02:22:06,508 --> 02:22:09,300
trapping a rear guard on the 
wrong side of the river to be 

2682
02:22:09,300 --> 02:22:11,700
captured. 
Napoleon lost the biggest battle

2683
02:22:11,700 --> 02:22:14,300
in European history. 
Ending French rule in Germany. 

2684
02:22:14,300 --> 02:22:17,100
Many of Napoleon's, German 
allies affected. 

2685
02:22:17,100 --> 02:22:21,100
The Rhine Confederation fell 
while retreating over the elster

2686
02:22:21,100 --> 02:22:26,700
river his beloved polish hero 
martial, Pontius and retreated 

2687
02:22:26,700 --> 02:22:31,400
France with his 70,000 defeated 
soldiers, resolved to fight In 

2688
02:22:31,400 --> 02:22:34,900
early 1814, the Allies invaded 
France, expecting a quick march 

2689
02:22:34,900 --> 02:22:37,500
to Paris. 
Napoleon's little Force, 

2690
02:22:37,500 --> 02:22:40,500
defeated elements of the bigger 
Allied soldiers in the six days 

2691
02:22:40,508 --> 02:22:44,200
campaign in February. 1814 one 
of his most successful defensive

2692
02:22:44,200 --> 02:22:48,200
campaigns offered overlooked. 
His youthful mobility and skills

2693
02:22:48,200 --> 02:22:49,900
surprised his opponents at 
Champa. 

2694
02:22:49,900 --> 02:22:53,200
Bear Montreal and Montrose 
seeing the emperor. 

2695
02:22:53,200 --> 02:22:55,700
Sprint, like a firefighter gave 
French peasants. 

2696
02:22:55,700 --> 02:22:58,500
Hope math told him. 
He was two outnumbered to win. 

2697
02:22:59,700 --> 02:23:02,600
Despite his few victories, the 
Allies reached Paris by late 

2698
02:23:02,600 --> 02:23:06,300
March 1814. 
After Marshalls marmol and Morty

2699
02:23:06,300 --> 02:23:09,700
left to defend Paris concluded 
resistance was pointless. 

2700
02:23:09,700 --> 02:23:14,000
The Coalition Army, took it 
practically impeach After 

2701
02:23:14,000 --> 02:23:17,300
centuries without foreign rule. 
The Victorious, Tsar Alexander, 

2702
02:23:17,300 --> 02:23:20,000
King Frederick, William of 
Prussia and other dignitaries 

2703
02:23:20,000 --> 02:23:25,000
entered Paris on March, 31st 
1814 Parisians flocked to the 

2704
02:23:25,008 --> 02:23:28,000
boulevards in despair or relief 
as Napoleon's epic adventure 

2705
02:23:28,000 --> 02:23:30,600
ended. 
Napoleon was outraged and 

2706
02:23:30,600 --> 02:23:33,300
unhappy and Fontainebleau 
following paris's loss. 

2707
02:23:34,000 --> 02:23:37,100
Pondered marching his remaining 
men to seize the city, his 

2708
02:23:37,100 --> 02:23:39,700
Marshals, confronted him 
exhausted and honest for the 

2709
02:23:39,708 --> 02:23:44,100
first time, Marshalls nay had no
and LeFevre who had followed him

2710
02:23:44,100 --> 02:23:46,700
across Europe. 
Advised him to reason they 

2711
02:23:46,700 --> 02:23:49,400
claimed France was defeated and 
resistance would be fatal. 

2712
02:23:50,100 --> 02:23:53,800
Napoleon was Furious, accusing 
them of cowardice and betrayal. 

2713
02:23:53,800 --> 02:23:57,600
He faced a reality alone in 
Fontainebleau at night, the 

2714
02:23:57,600 --> 02:24:01,400
Allies sought his unconditional 
surrender, even his stepson and 

2715
02:24:01,400 --> 02:24:05,100
Brother Joseph, persuaded him to
submit for the nation Marshalls 

2716
02:24:05,100 --> 02:24:07,500
in McDonald's. 
Issued a stunning ultimate on 

2717
02:24:07,500 --> 02:24:10,900
April 4th 1814 Philippe must 
abdicate. 

2718
02:24:10,900 --> 02:24:14,500
Before the Army could march on 
Paris, Napoleon abdicated for 

2719
02:24:14,500 --> 02:24:18,200
his son, expecting an Allied 
Regency, when rejected, he 

2720
02:24:18,200 --> 02:24:21,400
realized the game was over 
Napoleon abdicated on April 

2721
02:24:21,400 --> 02:24:25,900
11th, 1814 relinquishing, French
Regal rights, you received an 

2722
02:24:25,900 --> 02:24:28,100
annual stipend and a modest 
guard on Elba. 

2723
02:24:28,100 --> 02:24:32,200
A small Italian Island from the 
Allies, a beautiful prison, for 

2724
02:24:32,200 --> 02:24:36,200
a Fallen King, Napoleon said 
goodbye to his old guard in 

2725
02:24:36,200 --> 02:24:39,100
Fontainebleau Courtyard on April
20th, 1814. 

2726
02:24:39,900 --> 02:24:43,500
France would remember a touching
scene Napoleon continued 

2727
02:24:43,500 --> 02:24:47,100
speaking with a steady 
impassioned voice saying to the 

2728
02:24:47,100 --> 02:24:51,000
soldiers of my old guard? 
I bid you farewell you've been 

2729
02:24:51,000 --> 02:24:54,400
my constant companion on the 
path to honor and glory for 20 

2730
02:24:54,400 --> 02:24:58,500
years do not mourn my fate. 
I want to document our wonderful

2731
02:24:58,500 --> 02:25:00,100
Deeds. 
Sweet kids. 

2732
02:25:00,100 --> 02:25:05,700
Goodbye Napoleon veteran 
grenadiers of 12 campaigns cried

2733
02:25:05,700 --> 02:25:09,800
the emperor, kissed the Imperial
Eagle flag one last time and 

2734
02:25:09,800 --> 02:25:12,700
hugged General, Petty, who was 
holding the regimental Eagles. 

2735
02:25:12,700 --> 02:25:16,600
He said, goodbye kids, raising 
his hand in salutation. 

2736
02:25:17,500 --> 02:25:20,300
Napoleon despite his best 
efforts jumped into a carriage 

2737
02:25:20,300 --> 02:25:23,900
crying that night, many jaded 
soldiers, lay under the stars 

2738
02:25:23,900 --> 02:25:27,500
unsure of France's or their 
future without Lumpur, a veteran

2739
02:25:27,500 --> 02:25:30,400
mermaid. 
It's over a wonderful person 

2740
02:25:30,400 --> 02:25:35,100
left. an imaginary Kingdom held 
European ruler, Napoleon 

2741
02:25:35,100 --> 02:25:40,100
Bonaparte captive, he arrived at
Elba, 119 square miles of rugged

2742
02:25:40,100 --> 02:25:45,000
terrain and Vineyards in Tuscany
in late, April 1814, He was 

2743
02:25:45,008 --> 02:25:48,700
rarely self-pitying, keeping the
title Emperor, the Allies. 

2744
02:25:48,700 --> 02:25:50,000
Gave him the name as a polite 
fiction. 

2745
02:25:50,000 --> 02:25:54,400
He established a small Court in 
Port of pharaoh elba's main town

2746
02:25:54,400 --> 02:25:56,400
and rained like France in 
miniature. 

2747
02:25:57,200 --> 02:26:00,500
Napoleon was Restless on Elba 
for nine months, he studied 

2748
02:26:00,508 --> 02:26:04,300
lilacs iron mines and quarries 
planned to modernize Agriculture

2749
02:26:04,300 --> 02:26:07,700
and designed a flag. 
A diagonal band of white with 

2750
02:26:07,700 --> 02:26:10,700
red and bees symbolizing 
industriousness, and potentially

2751
02:26:10,700 --> 02:26:14,500
nodding to his Imperial emblem. 
He formed a small Navy and army 

2752
02:26:14,500 --> 02:26:17,400
with a few ships and hundreds of
people including a loyal Old 

2753
02:26:17,400 --> 02:26:20,600
Guard Detachment. 
He wrote tight Roots inspected, 

2754
02:26:20,600 --> 02:26:22,300
Olive, Orchards and talked to 
Port. 

2755
02:26:22,300 --> 02:26:25,100
Fishermen Villages said his 
micromanagement. 

2756
02:26:25,100 --> 02:26:29,000
Improved roads built a small 
hospital and accelerated tax 

2757
02:26:29,000 --> 02:26:32,300
collection Albers. 
People were amazed and perplexed

2758
02:26:32,300 --> 02:26:35,500
that this powerful man cared 
about their humble life. 

2759
02:26:36,300 --> 02:26:39,400
A friendly Alberta joked. 
He thinks he still ruling the 

2760
02:26:39,400 --> 02:26:42,700
world. 
Poland's Vigor over WellMed 

2761
02:26:42,700 --> 02:26:46,000
elbows as a delicate appearance 
connection to newspapers kept 

2762
02:26:46,000 --> 02:26:47,700
him, abreast of French and 
European happening. 

2763
02:26:47,700 --> 02:26:51,900
This information ordered him the
restored bourbon monarchy. 

2764
02:26:51,900 --> 02:26:53,600
The 18th was unpopular in 
France. 

2765
02:26:53,600 --> 02:26:56,800
The Arrogant Return of the old 
aristocracy led to the dismissal

2766
02:26:56,800 --> 02:26:59,400
of many Napoleon Affiliated 
French officers, and bureaucrats

2767
02:26:59,400 --> 02:27:02,500
rumors of royalist Revenge and 
economic recession. 

2768
02:27:02,500 --> 02:27:05,700
Circulated peasants, feared, the
Bourbons would retake their 

2769
02:27:05,700 --> 02:27:09,400
gains after Napoleon's reign. 
During a Congress of the great 

2770
02:27:09,400 --> 02:27:12,500
countries in Vienna to redraw 
Europe's map often Napoleon's 

2771
02:27:12,500 --> 02:27:14,800
fall. 
The British may send Napoleon to

2772
02:27:14,800 --> 02:27:17,300
a remote Atlantic Rock. 
If he becomes too difficult in 

2773
02:27:17,300 --> 02:27:19,900
Elba the island felt like a 
gilded prison. 

2774
02:27:19,900 --> 02:27:23,500
The Bonaparte family was 
Infamous for their inviting and 

2775
02:27:23,500 --> 02:27:26,700
Napoleon's mother and sister 
clashed off him Napoleon's. 

2776
02:27:26,700 --> 02:27:28,900
Busy mind was bored. 
He was sad. 

2777
02:27:28,900 --> 02:27:31,600
Looking at the sea via a 
telescope from elba's, Cliffs in

2778
02:27:31,608 --> 02:27:35,000
early 1815. 
I live like a sleeping volcano. 

2779
02:27:35,000 --> 02:27:37,700
Read one letter. 
He could not bear the world 

2780
02:27:37,700 --> 02:27:40,900
going on without him his 
insatiable ambition and Fate 

2781
02:27:40,900 --> 02:27:44,000
One. 
In late February 1815, Napoleon 

2782
02:27:44,000 --> 02:27:45,600
returned to France, to reclaim 
his crown. 

2783
02:27:45,600 --> 02:27:48,600
After hearing, the Congress of 
Vienna was in disorder and 

2784
02:27:48,600 --> 02:27:50,700
France's anger with Louie. 
The 18th was growing. 

2785
02:27:51,600 --> 02:27:54,800
It appeared in possible and 
expelled Emperor, escorted by 

2786
02:27:54,800 --> 02:27:57,800
Allied ships, trying to incite a
civilian Insurrection to 

2787
02:27:57,800 --> 02:28:01,100
overthrow a reconstituted. 
Monarchy Napoleon had the 

2788
02:28:01,100 --> 02:28:07,700
ability to bring dreams to life.
Fled elbow on February 26th 1815

2789
02:28:07,700 --> 02:28:10,600
and a loose guards. 
He traveled to France with 

2790
02:28:10,600 --> 02:28:13,100
several hundred. 
Loyal Warriors, aboard the ship 

2791
02:28:13,100 --> 02:28:16,000
in constant and on numerous 
smaller vessels to evade British

2792
02:28:16,000 --> 02:28:19,800
surveillance. he escaped capture
on the voyage by chance and 

2793
02:28:19,800 --> 02:28:24,600
daring, Napoleon stared at the 
prowl with a familiar fire as 

2794
02:28:24,600 --> 02:28:27,500
the coach does Europe appeared 
France is ours. 

2795
02:28:27,500 --> 02:28:29,800
He informed his troops Bonaparte
believed. 

2796
02:28:29,800 --> 02:28:33,600
Louis, the 18th France would 
fail on March 1st 1815, the 

2797
02:28:33,600 --> 02:28:36,000
French Riviera witnessed an 
astonishing sight. 

2798
02:28:36,000 --> 02:28:39,800
Napoleon Bonaparte. 
The exiled Emperor landed near 

2799
02:28:39,800 --> 02:28:43,000
can with a tiny force and 
unfurled his tricolor flag once 

2800
02:28:43,000 --> 02:28:45,400
more. 
Dressed in his trademark grey 

2801
02:28:45,400 --> 02:28:47,800
coat and cocked hat. 
He stepped ashore and 

2802
02:28:47,800 --> 02:28:50,400
proclaimed. 
I have come to save France. 

2803
02:28:51,800 --> 02:28:55,500
Thus began the episode known as 
the 100 days a final blaze of 

2804
02:28:55,500 --> 02:28:59,700
Napoleon's meteoric, life. 
He marched northward voiding the

2805
02:28:59,700 --> 02:29:03,200
royalist stronghold of Provence 
using the Alpine route through 

2806
02:29:03,200 --> 02:29:06,300
the dolphin. 
A his band was small barely a 

2807
02:29:06,300 --> 02:29:09,900
thousand men but as they 
Advanced Napoleon's Charisma and

2808
02:29:09,900 --> 02:29:13,900
France is simmering discontent 
began to work miracles, a town 

2809
02:29:13,900 --> 02:29:17,100
after town locals, especially 
veterans and peasants turned out

2810
02:29:17,100 --> 02:29:19,700
with curiosity and growing 
enthusiasm. 

2811
02:29:19,700 --> 02:29:23,200
To many, the news of his return,
felt like a long lost family 

2812
02:29:23,200 --> 02:29:26,300
member coming home. 
A pivotal moment, came on March 

2813
02:29:26,300 --> 02:29:29,800
7th near the mountain town of 
loughrie, Royal troops of the 

2814
02:29:29,808 --> 02:29:32,600
5th, regiment, and orders to 
arrest the usurper, confronted 

2815
02:29:32,600 --> 02:29:35,608
Napoleon on the road. 
The two forces faced each other 

2816
02:29:35,616 --> 02:29:39,500
nervous and Silent Napoleon. 
Fearless Strode forward, alone 

2817
02:29:39,500 --> 02:29:43,000
flung opened, his coat to bear 
his chest and shouted to the 

2818
02:29:43,000 --> 02:29:45,300
soldiers arrayed against him 
soldiers. 

2819
02:29:45,300 --> 02:29:47,900
If there is one among you, who 
wants to kill his General, his 

2820
02:29:47,900 --> 02:29:50,900
Emperor here. 
I am for a tense heartbeat, no 

2821
02:29:50,900 --> 02:29:54,800
one moved then in an emotional 
Rush, the Royal troops erupted 

2822
02:29:54,800 --> 02:29:57,700
in. 
Cheers, veeve Lumpur rang out as

2823
02:29:57,700 --> 02:30:00,500
they threw down their white 
bourbon cocaine's and searched 

2824
02:30:00,500 --> 02:30:02,500
toward Napoleon. 
The men of the 5th. 

2825
02:30:02,500 --> 02:30:04,200
Joined Napoleon's ranks in 
unison. 

2826
02:30:04,200 --> 02:30:07,700
I Witnesses saw veterans, crying
and laughing as they embraced, 

2827
02:30:07,700 --> 02:30:10,600
their former leader. 
Word quickly spread throughout 

2828
02:30:10,600 --> 02:30:14,200
the countryside, Napoleon had 
returned, and the Army was 

2829
02:30:14,200 --> 02:30:18,000
United in him. 
King Louis the 18th attempts to 

2830
02:30:18,008 --> 02:30:21,100
muster resistance. 
Faltered as one regiment after 

2831
02:30:21,100 --> 02:30:24,300
another, either went over to 
Bonaparte or melted away from 

2832
02:30:24,300 --> 02:30:27,000
May. 
Once Napoleon's trusted bravest 

2833
02:30:27,000 --> 02:30:29,200
of the Brave had initially 
promised, the king he would 

2834
02:30:29,200 --> 02:30:32,200
bring Napoleon back in an iron 
cage but confronted with the 

2835
02:30:32,200 --> 02:30:35,200
further of his troops for the 
emperor, NATO defected 

2836
02:30:35,200 --> 02:30:39,000
overwhelmed by old loyalties and
perhaps the irresistible tide of

2837
02:30:39,000 --> 02:30:42,400
sentiment. 
By March 20th, Napoleon reached 

2838
02:30:42,400 --> 02:30:44,900
Paris. 
Louis the 18th had already fled 

2839
02:30:44,900 --> 02:30:48,800
into Exile supposedly leaving so
hastily that, he lost a shoe, 

2840
02:30:48,800 --> 02:30:51,900
thus, giving a touch of fast to 
the bourbon Kings, second 

2841
02:30:51,900 --> 02:30:55,700
departure, That night Napoleon 
entered the tuileries to the 

2842
02:30:55,708 --> 02:30:59,400
ecstatic war of parisians. 
Who, just weeks earlier, had 

2843
02:30:59,400 --> 02:31:03,100
been murmuring against him as 
the ogre public opinion had once

2844
02:31:03,100 --> 02:31:07,500
again whipped lashed Remarkably 
in a matter of 20 days without a

2845
02:31:07,500 --> 02:31:10,000
single shot. 
Fired in Anger, Napoleon had 

2846
02:31:10,000 --> 02:31:13,100
rigged, regained his throne. 
It was one of the most dramatic 

2847
02:31:13,100 --> 02:31:17,000
political The Comebacks in 
history servers are Testament to

2848
02:31:17,000 --> 02:31:20,300
his unequaled, ability to 
inspire or intimidate and the 

2849
02:31:20,300 --> 02:31:23,200
reflect the French people's 
ambivalence about the restored. 

2850
02:31:23,200 --> 02:31:27,400
Monarchy The Trikala flew once 
more from public buildings in 

2851
02:31:27,400 --> 02:31:30,100
the streets people sang La 
Marseilles and lip on Fires 

2852
02:31:30,100 --> 02:31:33,500
Napoleon moved quickly to 
consolidate this unexpected. 

2853
02:31:33,500 --> 02:31:36,900
Second chance he sent letters 
professing peaceful intentions 

2854
02:31:36,900 --> 02:31:40,100
and offering new alliances. 
He even adopted a more liberal 

2855
02:31:40,100 --> 02:31:42,100
tone, promulgating a revised 
Constitution. 

2856
02:31:42,100 --> 02:31:45,400
The additional act, the granted 
a free oppress and a 

2857
02:31:45,400 --> 02:31:46,900
constitutional monarchy style 
government. 

2858
02:31:46,900 --> 02:31:50,600
An olive branch to liberals and 
moderates and France who wanted 

2859
02:31:50,600 --> 02:31:54,000
reform, The emperor claimed he 
had learned from Exile and now 

2860
02:31:54,000 --> 02:31:56,300
desire to be a benign ruler of a
free people. 

2861
02:31:56,300 --> 02:31:59,800
Many were skeptical of this late
hour conversion to liberalism 

2862
02:31:59,800 --> 02:32:02,000
that they preferred him to the 
Bourbons regardless. 

2863
02:32:02,000 --> 02:32:06,600
However, Napoleon's escape and 
restoration shook Europe. the 

2864
02:32:06,600 --> 02:32:09,700
crowned heads at the Congress of
Vienna were aghast and Furious, 

2865
02:32:10,500 --> 02:32:13,600
A coalition of practically every
other European power, Britain 

2866
02:32:13,600 --> 02:32:16,800
Prussia, Austria, Russia and 
others immediately formed 

2867
02:32:16,800 --> 02:32:19,400
declaring Napoleon and Outlaw 
and enemy of World Peace. 

2868
02:32:20,500 --> 02:32:23,400
The devil has been Unchained so 
the Austrian foreign minister. 

2869
02:32:23,400 --> 02:32:26,400
Metternich encapsulating, the 
shocked outrage of the 

2870
02:32:26,400 --> 02:32:30,000
aristocracies the aristocracies 
quickly mobilized their Idol 

2871
02:32:30,000 --> 02:32:33,500
armies to decisively Crush 
Napoleon, Napoleon aware that 

2872
02:32:33,500 --> 02:32:35,700
diplomacy was hopeless? 
The Allies refused anything 

2873
02:32:35,700 --> 02:32:39,000
short of his second abdication 
prepared for war with a mix of 

2874
02:32:39,000 --> 02:32:43,300
urgency in confidence yet, 
Perhaps 125,000 soldiers of the 

2875
02:32:43,300 --> 02:32:45,900
regular army immediately at and 
plus volunteers. 

2876
02:32:45,900 --> 02:32:49,500
Swelling, the ranks daily Both 
veterans and new recruits were 

2877
02:32:49,500 --> 02:32:52,300
present. 
Many driven by patriotic Zeal to

2878
02:32:52,300 --> 02:32:54,700
ensure that foreign monarchs 
would not dictate to France. 

2879
02:32:55,500 --> 02:32:58,000
He also reconstituted the 
formidable Imperial Guard. 

2880
02:32:58,800 --> 02:33:01,800
Still facing him would soon be 
several massive Allied armies 

2881
02:33:01,800 --> 02:33:04,900
converging from all sides, 
potentially over half a million 

2882
02:33:04,900 --> 02:33:07,700
men. 
Napoleon's strategic Instinct. 

2883
02:33:07,700 --> 02:33:11,000
Guided him to swiftly enforce 
attack the closest adversaries 

2884
02:33:11,000 --> 02:33:12,700
before the Coalition could fully
unite. 

2885
02:33:12,700 --> 02:33:16,100
He famously said, to his 
Marshals, we must make a 

2886
02:33:16,100 --> 02:33:19,200
campaign that is prompt and 
energetic as in the days of our 

2887
02:33:19,200 --> 02:33:22,500
youth. 
In June 1815, he marched into. 

2888
02:33:22,500 --> 02:33:25,100
What is now Belgium then part of
the United Kingdom of the 

2889
02:33:25,100 --> 02:33:28,600
Netherlands to preempt the 
anglo-dutch Army under the Duke 

2890
02:33:28,600 --> 02:33:30,700
of Wellington and the Prussian 
Army under martial. 

2891
02:33:30,700 --> 02:33:33,200
Blucher hoping to defeat each in
turn. 

2892
02:33:34,100 --> 02:33:38,200
On June, the 16th, 1815 
Napoleon's are made Du Nord 

2893
02:33:38,200 --> 02:33:41,100
clashed with the prussians at 
Linney and the Anglo Allied 

2894
02:33:41,100 --> 02:33:46,000
Forces at Napoleon defeated blue
here, linear marking it as his 

2895
02:33:46,000 --> 02:33:48,400
last victory. 
However, it was not a route 

2896
02:33:48,400 --> 02:33:51,900
since blue hairs prussians with 
Drew in good order bruised but 

2897
02:33:51,900 --> 02:33:55,300
not broken. 
Marshal's fight at Bragg against

2898
02:33:55,300 --> 02:33:58,600
Wellington's, forces was 
inconclusive neighbor's, unable 

2899
02:33:58,600 --> 02:34:00,200
to prevent Wellington from 
later. 

2900
02:34:00,200 --> 02:34:02,400
Pulling back to a defensive 
position near the village of 

2901
02:34:02,400 --> 02:34:05,500
Waterloo. 
Two days later on June 18th, 

2902
02:34:05,500 --> 02:34:08,400
1815, Napoleon face 
Wellington's. 

2903
02:34:08,400 --> 02:34:11,400
British LED Allied Army on the 
rolling platter of min-sang, 

2904
02:34:11,400 --> 02:34:14,800
just south of Waterloo The 
ground had been soaked by heavy 

2905
02:34:14,800 --> 02:34:16,600
rains, the night before 
delaying. 

2906
02:34:16,600 --> 02:34:18,300
Napoleon's attack until late 
morning. 

2907
02:34:18,300 --> 02:34:22,200
While it dried Napoleon's fate 
would be decided on a field of 

2908
02:34:22,200 --> 02:34:26,600
clover and Rye one mile long and
three miles wide with Wellington

2909
02:34:26,600 --> 02:34:28,900
Scarlett. 
Coated infantry in Union, Jack 

2910
02:34:28,900 --> 02:34:31,900
flags, a raid against the 
tricolor standards of France. 

2911
02:34:32,800 --> 02:34:36,400
Wellington and experienced 
defensive General had arrayed. 

2912
02:34:36,400 --> 02:34:40,100
His 68,000 troops behind gentle 
ridges and in strong points, 

2913
02:34:40,100 --> 02:34:43,300
like the farm of lahaye assent 
and he anxiously awaited the 

2914
02:34:43,308 --> 02:34:45,700
arrival of blue hair's prussians
to bolster him. 

2915
02:34:47,000 --> 02:34:51,000
Napoleon had around 72,000 
troops including the redoubtable

2916
02:34:51,000 --> 02:34:54,000
Imperial Guard, but he too was 
looking over his shoulder for 

2917
02:34:54,000 --> 02:34:56,600
the prussians, hoping his 
subordinate Marshal grouchy, 

2918
02:34:56,600 --> 02:34:59,600
would keep them at Bay. 
There's Battle of Waterloo was 

2919
02:34:59,600 --> 02:35:02,900
fierce, and unrelenting a true 
endgame between the year as 

2920
02:35:02,900 --> 02:35:06,100
greatest commanders. 
Napoleon launched a midday 

2921
02:35:06,100 --> 02:35:09,100
assault with a grand, battery of
artillery and a main attack 

2922
02:35:09,100 --> 02:35:12,500
against the Allied Center. 
While nailed Cavalry Charges 

2923
02:35:12,500 --> 02:35:14,000
that thundered against 
Wellington's. 

2924
02:35:14,000 --> 02:35:17,400
Infantry Square's. 
The British are allies held firm

2925
02:35:17,400 --> 02:35:19,200
on the ridge, despite horrific 
losses. 

2926
02:35:20,100 --> 02:35:23,000
By late after noon May 
misunderstanding an enemy 

2927
02:35:23,000 --> 02:35:25,500
movement mistakenly believed. 
The Anglo Allied line was 

2928
02:35:25,500 --> 02:35:27,800
faltering and led one of 
military history. 

2929
02:35:27,800 --> 02:35:31,800
Most infamous Mass, Cavalry 
Charges dozens of squadrons with

2930
02:35:31,800 --> 02:35:34,200
glittering quranism. 
Penance thundering over the 

2931
02:35:34,200 --> 02:35:36,100
ridge without infantry or 
artillery support. 

2932
02:35:37,000 --> 02:35:40,100
They were met by the Resolute. 
Infantry Square's Wellington 

2933
02:35:40,100 --> 02:35:42,500
soldiers and Silent rows behind 
bayonets. 

2934
02:35:42,500 --> 02:35:46,000
Endured repeated waves of French
Horseman swirling around their 

2935
02:35:46,000 --> 02:35:50,400
bristling Square's unable to 
break them These Valor was under

2936
02:35:50,400 --> 02:35:53,300
niable, his horse was shot from 
under him five times that day, 

2937
02:35:53,300 --> 02:35:56,200
but the charges gained nothing 
but heaps of dead, men and 

2938
02:35:56,200 --> 02:35:58,800
horses. 
Napoleon watched this spectacle 

2939
02:35:58,800 --> 02:36:02,800
and reportedly exclaimed that 
Ney had gone mad As the 

2940
02:36:02,800 --> 02:36:05,700
afternoon wore on news reached 
Napoleon, that her Prussian 

2941
02:36:05,700 --> 02:36:08,800
forces were approaching from the
East, Blew as coming, fulfilling

2942
02:36:08,800 --> 02:36:12,100
his promise to Wellington. 
For the love of God comes as 

2943
02:36:12,100 --> 02:36:14,300
fast as he can will fight to the
last man. 

2944
02:36:15,000 --> 02:36:18,500
Indeed, by early evening, 
Prussian Advanced units under 

2945
02:36:18,500 --> 02:36:22,400
boo attack the French right 
flank at the Village of Plank 

2946
02:36:22,400 --> 02:36:25,900
and Noah forcing Napoleon to 
divert troops, including part of

2947
02:36:25,900 --> 02:36:29,200
the young guard, to hold them 
off the iron Vice was closing. 

2948
02:36:30,000 --> 02:36:33,300
With timed winding Napoleon took
a final risk, he committed his 

2949
02:36:33,300 --> 02:36:37,000
Imperial Guard, his most loyal 
and Elite Italians in a final 

2950
02:36:37,000 --> 02:36:39,800
bit to break Wellington center 
before the prussians could fully

2951
02:36:39,800 --> 02:36:42,800
Unite with the Allies. 
These battle hardened, veterans 

2952
02:36:42,800 --> 02:36:46,500
short, but tall in reputation 
marched up the ridge in solid 

2953
02:36:46,500 --> 02:36:50,100
columns, drums beating the 
pastor Shard these Lumpur. 

2954
02:36:50,100 --> 02:36:53,500
They cried, as Napoleon watched 
them go, he's men who had never 

2955
02:36:53,500 --> 02:36:56,700
tasted defeat, the Allied line 
buckled under the initial 

2956
02:36:56,700 --> 02:37:00,100
impact, but Wellington had kept 
some units in reserve lying down

2957
02:37:00,100 --> 02:37:03,400
by the ridge. 
It is command the British guards

2958
02:37:03,400 --> 02:37:05,600
and other units. 
Stood up close range, and 

2959
02:37:05,600 --> 02:37:08,100
poured, volleys into the flanks 
of the advancing guard columns. 

2960
02:37:08,700 --> 02:37:11,700
A brutal firefight ensued near 
the summit of the ridge. 

2961
02:37:12,600 --> 02:37:15,700
Under hailstorms of musket balls
and grape shot for the first 

2962
02:37:15,700 --> 02:37:19,600
time in memory, the Imperial 
Guard recoiled, the cry went up 

2963
02:37:19,600 --> 02:37:23,900
among the Allied troops Lagarde 
lacul which means the God is 

2964
02:37:23,908 --> 02:37:26,600
falling back. 
Shock rippled through the French

2965
02:37:26,600 --> 02:37:29,400
lines, disbelief turned to 
panic, as the guards, Retreat 

2966
02:37:29,400 --> 02:37:32,500
became General. 
Wellington seized the moment, 

2967
02:37:32,500 --> 02:37:35,600
waving his hat and ordering a 
general Advance all along the 

2968
02:37:35,600 --> 02:37:38,400
line Blue's. 
Prussians now, arriving in force

2969
02:37:38,400 --> 02:37:41,700
sashed into the French, right? 
Napoleon's Army exhausted. 

2970
02:37:41,700 --> 02:37:45,100
And with its morale shattered, 
began to disintegrate on a 

2971
02:37:45,100 --> 02:37:46,800
gentle slope. 
A square of the Old Guard. 

2972
02:37:46,800 --> 02:37:48,700
Formed to act as a rearguard for
the fleeing Army. 

2973
02:37:49,600 --> 02:37:52,300
Surrounded by Allied Forces. 
They were given a chance to 

2974
02:37:52,300 --> 02:37:55,700
surrender. 
One of Poker full version tells 

2975
02:37:55,700 --> 02:37:59,300
that when called to yield a 
Guard general perhaps come on, 

2976
02:37:59,300 --> 02:38:05,800
retorted legal. 
Dies, but does not surrender. 

2977
02:38:06,700 --> 02:38:10,900
Followed by a defiant mayor d. 
When eventually overwhelmed, 

2978
02:38:10,900 --> 02:38:14,400
many of these steadfast 
grenadiers indeed died where 

2979
02:38:14,400 --> 02:38:18,000
they stood rather than 
capitulate among the chaos 

2980
02:38:18,000 --> 02:38:22,300
Napoleon who had remained on the
field until the guards repulsed,

2981
02:38:22,300 --> 02:38:26,800
almost fell into enemy hands, as
all seemed lost his Marshals, 

2982
02:38:26,800 --> 02:38:30,300
persuaded him to depart, he fled
the field in a carriage. 

2983
02:38:30,300 --> 02:38:34,100
As Darkness fell racing back 
toward Paris, his dream of 

2984
02:38:34,100 --> 02:38:37,600
renewed Glory shattered, the 
Battle of Waterloo was over 

2985
02:38:37,600 --> 02:38:43,600
Napoleon's final gambled 
Napoleon reportedly said syll or

2986
02:38:44,200 --> 02:38:48,800
it's finished then as he left, 
Back in Paris, Napoleon 

2987
02:38:48,800 --> 02:38:51,200
attempted to Rally support for 
continuing resistance. 

2988
02:38:52,400 --> 02:38:55,800
But the political will was gone 
the legend of turned against him

2989
02:38:55,800 --> 02:38:58,000
and even the ever-loyal martial 
name. 

2990
02:38:58,000 --> 02:39:01,100
Now, urged abdication, saying 
another, round of Civil War 

2991
02:39:01,100 --> 02:39:05,500
would Rouen France. 
On June 22nd 1815, Napoleon 

2992
02:39:05,500 --> 02:39:08,300
abdicated for the second time in
favor of his young son. 

2993
02:39:08,300 --> 02:39:10,900
Napoleon in the second though, 
the Allies ignored this and 

2994
02:39:10,900 --> 02:39:14,300
restored Louis the 18th again. 
He then made his way to the 

2995
02:39:14,300 --> 02:39:17,900
Atlantic coast, initially hoping
to escape the United States. 

2996
02:39:18,900 --> 02:39:21,200
For weeks, he lingered at 
rochefort with two British 

2997
02:39:21,200 --> 02:39:23,200
warships, blocking any attempt 
to sail. 

2998
02:39:23,900 --> 02:39:27,100
Finally, realizing he could not 
elude the global reach of 

2999
02:39:27,100 --> 02:39:29,800
British Sea power, Napoleon 
surrendered himself to the 

3000
02:39:29,800 --> 02:39:34,700
British captain Maitland of HMS 
bellerophon on July 1515. 

3001
02:39:34,700 --> 02:39:38,700
He would be treated as a former 
head of state and allowed 

3002
02:39:38,700 --> 02:39:40,300
retirement in Britain or 
elsewhere. 

3003
02:39:40,300 --> 02:39:44,000
Instead the British driven by 
their government's resolve that 

3004
02:39:44,000 --> 02:39:46,900
he never troubled the world 
again, decided to send him to 

3005
02:39:46,900 --> 02:39:50,300
the remote, South Atlantic 
island of Saint Helena far from 

3006
02:39:50,300 --> 02:39:54,500
any European Shore. 
In October 1815, Napoleon 

3007
02:39:54,500 --> 02:39:58,600
arrived at this Stark, volcanic 
island, roughly 1200 miles from 

3008
02:39:58,600 --> 02:40:01,800
the coast of Africa. 
The thus began his second final 

3009
02:40:01,800 --> 02:40:04,700
Exile on a speck of land. 
That was essentially an open-air

3010
02:40:04,700 --> 02:40:08,400
prison. 
He was 46 years old, the climate

3011
02:40:08,400 --> 02:40:11,800
was dammed the terrain rugged 
but confined there would be no 

3012
02:40:11,800 --> 02:40:15,200
dramatic Escape or return from 
this place, the British Governor

3013
02:40:15,200 --> 02:40:18,300
so Hudson Lowe was due to full 
and watchful restricting 

3014
02:40:18,300 --> 02:40:21,000
Napoleon's movements. 
To prevent any chance of rescue.

3015
02:40:21,000 --> 02:40:25,000
Napoleon was given a residence 
Longwood house which was damp 

3016
02:40:25,000 --> 02:40:27,500
Windswept, and hardly 
comfortable by Imperial 

3017
02:40:27,500 --> 02:40:30,000
standards. 
He passed the next almost six 

3018
02:40:30,000 --> 02:40:34,000
years in a strange half-life a 
small cohort of loyal followers 

3019
02:40:34,000 --> 02:40:37,000
voluntarily accompanied him 
General's Bertrand, and 

3020
02:40:37,000 --> 02:40:40,800
Montelukast says, and his valet 
Marshal among others. 

3021
02:40:40,800 --> 02:40:45,300
And if they formed a tiny Court 
in Exile, Napoleon established a

3022
02:40:45,300 --> 02:40:47,600
daily routine. 
Dictating his Memoirs and 

3023
02:40:47,600 --> 02:40:50,600
thoughts to his companions. 
Specially less cases, who 

3024
02:40:50,600 --> 02:40:53,400
recorded his conversations in, 
what would become the memorial 

3025
02:40:53,400 --> 02:40:56,700
of Saint Helena. tending, a 
small garden, reading, 

3026
02:40:56,700 --> 02:40:59,700
voraciously history, and 
literature, and the newspapers 

3027
02:40:59,700 --> 02:41:02,400
when he could get them and 
taking the occasional ride or 

3028
02:41:02,400 --> 02:41:05,500
walk, when his health allowed, 
Over time his robust 

3029
02:41:05,500 --> 02:41:08,500
Constitution began to fail. 
He grew Stout from lack of 

3030
02:41:08,508 --> 02:41:11,200
exercise. 
And rich food, they still dined 

3031
02:41:11,200 --> 02:41:12,800
formerly each night on Silver 
Plate. 

3032
02:41:12,800 --> 02:41:15,300
Maintaining pretenses of an 
imperial household. 

3033
02:41:16,200 --> 02:41:18,400
He suffered from what appeared 
to be a stomach ailment. 

3034
02:41:18,400 --> 02:41:21,300
Perhaps an ulcer or ultimately 
stomach cancer. 

3035
02:41:21,300 --> 02:41:23,300
His father had died of stomach, 
cancer 2. 

3036
02:41:24,200 --> 02:41:25,900
Some speculated he was being 
slowly. 

3037
02:41:25,900 --> 02:41:29,000
Poisoned indeed asked Nick was 
later found in hair samples 

3038
02:41:29,000 --> 02:41:30,900
though. 
Modern historians, leaned 

3039
02:41:30,900 --> 02:41:33,600
towards natural illness, 
exacerbated by the conditions 

3040
02:41:33,600 --> 02:41:36,800
and possibly the Arsenic present
in things like the wallpaper 

3041
02:41:36,800 --> 02:41:39,500
die. 
Emotionally intellectually 

3042
02:41:39,500 --> 02:41:43,400
Napoleon oscillated between 
boredom bitterness and 

3043
02:41:43,400 --> 02:41:46,400
reflective car. 
He would spend hours mapping out

3044
02:41:46,400 --> 02:41:49,400
alternative histories what he 
should have done at Walter Lou 

3045
02:41:49,400 --> 02:41:51,800
or regretting. 
Not crushing the crush on more 

3046
02:41:51,800 --> 02:41:54,500
decisively early or lamenting 
the Folly of the Russian 

3047
02:41:54,500 --> 02:41:57,300
campaign. 
But other times he would delve 

3048
02:41:57,300 --> 02:41:59,500
into philosophical discussions 
about fate in the future 

3049
02:41:59,500 --> 02:42:02,800
Generations. 
He once stated they wanted me to

3050
02:42:02,800 --> 02:42:05,700
be another Washington referring 
to how Britain might have 

3051
02:42:05,708 --> 02:42:09,000
expected him to quietly retire 
and farm, but they will not find

3052
02:42:09,000 --> 02:42:13,100
another Washington in me. 
As months turned to years, 

3053
02:42:13,100 --> 02:42:17,500
Napoleon became preoccupied with
shaping his legacy in dictation 

3054
02:42:17,500 --> 02:42:19,200
sessions. 
He portrayed himself as the 

3055
02:42:19,200 --> 02:42:22,300
champion of the people's rights 
against reactionary monarchs and

3056
02:42:22,300 --> 02:42:26,300
as a soldier philosopher, who 
spread revolutionary ideals He 

3057
02:42:26,300 --> 02:42:28,600
insisted that his True Glory was
not the 40 battles. 

3058
02:42:28,600 --> 02:42:30,900
He won for defeat at Waterloo, 
overshadowed them. 

3059
02:42:30,900 --> 02:42:34,900
But what will live forever is my
civil code, the administrative 

3060
02:42:34,900 --> 02:42:38,300
reforms, the memory of a Nation.
I transformed, he described the 

3061
02:42:38,308 --> 02:42:41,600
Grande Army as a Band of 
Brothers who achieved The 

3062
02:42:41,600 --> 02:42:45,100
Impossible out of love for 
France, even expressed some 

3063
02:42:45,100 --> 02:42:48,100
remorse or at least sadness over
the human cost of his Ambitions 

3064
02:42:48,100 --> 02:42:51,800
at times sitting on the porch. 
At Longwood gazing at the 

3065
02:42:51,808 --> 02:42:53,600
Atlantic rollers under a gray 
sky. 

3066
02:42:53,600 --> 02:42:57,500
One imagines Napoleon pondering 
the ultimate futility of worldly

3067
02:42:57,500 --> 02:43:00,100
power. 
Nevertheless he never lost a 

3068
02:43:00,100 --> 02:43:03,400
certain pride and combativeness 
when sir Hudson low would visit 

3069
02:43:03,400 --> 02:43:06,300
with Petty regulations or refuse
him, the title of Emperor and 

3070
02:43:06,300 --> 02:43:08,800
correspondence that British 
addressed him as general 

3071
02:43:08,800 --> 02:43:11,400
Bonaparte, Napoleon would 
bristle with anger. 

3072
02:43:11,400 --> 02:43:14,400
Sometimes refusing to see the 
governor at all, cloaking 

3073
02:43:14,400 --> 02:43:17,800
himself in dignified, silence 
his Entourage remained fiercely 

3074
02:43:17,800 --> 02:43:19,500
loyal, sharing in these 
indigenous. 

3075
02:43:19,500 --> 02:43:22,800
In 1818 less cases was deported 
by. 

3076
02:43:22,800 --> 02:43:25,400
Listen, me lieu for allegedly 
trying to smuggle. 

3077
02:43:25,400 --> 02:43:29,100
Let Is to Europe. 
Napoleon was outraged, but he 

3078
02:43:29,108 --> 02:43:33,000
continued his dictations with 
others over time reports of his 

3079
02:43:33,000 --> 02:43:35,300
declining Health reached Europe 
and softened some hearts. 

3080
02:43:35,300 --> 02:43:38,900
Even royalists in France, became
less harsh and a simmering 

3081
02:43:38,900 --> 02:43:43,100
bonapartist, sentiment emerged 
in 1821 as Napoleon's condition,

3082
02:43:43,100 --> 02:43:46,400
worsened constant abdominal 
pain, nausea and physical 

3083
02:43:46,400 --> 02:43:49,400
weakening. 
He took to bed in April, he sent

3084
02:43:49,400 --> 02:43:52,800
the end was near and made a will
famously asking to be buried on 

3085
02:43:52,800 --> 02:43:56,000
the banks of the sin, among the 
French people who may have loved

3086
02:43:56,000 --> 02:43:59,800
so much. 
On May the 5th 1821 during a 

3087
02:43:59,800 --> 02:44:03,600
ferocious storm, Napoleon died. 
His last words murmured in 

3088
02:44:03,600 --> 02:44:06,800
Delirium were recorded by those 
at his bedside as France, 

3089
02:44:06,800 --> 02:44:11,800
schooly Army. 
Tetani Josephine. 

3090
02:44:13,800 --> 02:44:15,500
France. 
The army. 

3091
02:44:16,700 --> 02:44:18,800
Head of the army. 
Josephine. 

3092
02:44:20,500 --> 02:44:23,700
Even at the final moment, his 
mind clung to what he cherished,

3093
02:44:23,700 --> 02:44:27,700
his country, his soldiers, his 
glory and perhaps a fleeting 

3094
02:44:27,700 --> 02:44:31,400
thought of the first wife, he 
had loved Napoleon was buried on

3095
02:44:31,400 --> 02:44:34,000
Saint Helena in a shaded Valley,
in a modest. 

3096
02:44:34,000 --> 02:44:37,600
Grave marked only by a simple, 
Tombstone, the British wear of 

3097
02:44:37,600 --> 02:44:41,100
any symbol left at nameless. 
But death, only magnified the 

3098
02:44:41,100 --> 02:44:44,600
legend within years, Memoirs, 
like the memorial of Saint 

3099
02:44:44,600 --> 02:44:46,700
Helena spread, across Europe, 
painting. 

3100
02:44:46,700 --> 02:44:50,200
Napoleon is a romantic hero and 
Martyr of of sorts, the great 

3101
02:44:50,200 --> 02:44:52,900
man and done by fate and the 
malice of lesser men. 

3102
02:44:53,600 --> 02:44:56,100
The term Napoleon complex would 
come to describe, not 

3103
02:44:56,100 --> 02:44:59,300
psychological height issues but 
the complexity of his historical

3104
02:44:59,300 --> 02:45:03,000
image Tyrant or enlightened 
ruler military genius or 

3105
02:45:03,000 --> 02:45:06,800
Reckless conqueror. 
In 1840, as political Tides 

3106
02:45:06,800 --> 02:45:09,900
changed in France, King Louis 
Philippe obtained permission to 

3107
02:45:09,900 --> 02:45:13,500
bring Napoleon's remains home in
a grande State ceremony. 

3108
02:45:13,500 --> 02:45:17,300
Napoleon's body was exhumed 
found remarkably well preserved,

3109
02:45:17,300 --> 02:45:21,400
and transported to Paris lined 
by hundreds of thousands of 

3110
02:45:21,400 --> 02:45:24,600
Silent onlookers, his coffin 
passed under the Arctic Tree on 

3111
02:45:24,608 --> 02:45:27,200
that Monument. 
He commissioned at the height of

3112
02:45:27,208 --> 02:45:30,500
his power and he was finally 
laid to rest with full honors in

3113
02:45:30,500 --> 02:45:34,600
a red, poor furry, sarcophagus 
at France, thus symbolically 

3114
02:45:34,600 --> 02:45:37,300
reconciled with her. 
Prodigal son, he described the 

3115
02:45:37,308 --> 02:45:41,700
grand amay as a Band of Brothers
who achieve the impossible out 

3116
02:45:41,700 --> 02:45:44,700
of love for France, even 
expressed some remorse or at 

3117
02:45:44,700 --> 02:45:48,200
least sadness over the human 
cost of his Ambitions at times 

3118
02:45:48,200 --> 02:45:51,700
sitting on the portrait Longwood
gazing at the Atlantic rollers 

3119
02:45:51,700 --> 02:45:54,800
under a gray sky. 
One imagines Napoleon pondering 

3120
02:45:54,800 --> 02:45:56,900
the ultimate futility of worldly
power. 

3121
02:45:56,900 --> 02:46:00,500
Nevertheless he never lost a 
certain pride and combativeness 

3122
02:46:00,500 --> 02:46:03,700
when sir Hudson low would visit 
with Petty or regulations or 

3123
02:46:03,700 --> 02:46:05,600
refuse him. 
Title of Emperor and 

3124
02:46:05,600 --> 02:46:07,500
correspondence. 
The British addressed him as 

3125
02:46:07,500 --> 02:46:10,600
general Bonaparte, Napoleon 
would bristle with anger. 

3126
02:46:10,600 --> 02:46:13,400
Sometimes refusing to see the 
governor at all, cloaking 

3127
02:46:13,400 --> 02:46:17,000
himself in dignified, silence 
his Entourage remained, fiercely

3128
02:46:17,000 --> 02:46:18,600
loyal, sharing in these 
indignities. 

3129
02:46:18,600 --> 02:46:23,800
In 1818, less cases was deported
by Lisa, milieu for allegedly, 

3130
02:46:23,800 --> 02:46:25,400
trying to smuggle, letters to 
Europe. 

3131
02:46:26,100 --> 02:46:29,600
Napoleon was outraged but he 
continued his dictations with 

3132
02:46:29,600 --> 02:46:33,100
others over time reports of his 
declining Health reached Europe 

3133
02:46:33,100 --> 02:46:36,300
and softened some hearts. 
Even royalists in France, became

3134
02:46:36,300 --> 02:46:39,400
less harsh and a simmering 
bonapartist, sentiment emerged 

3135
02:46:39,400 --> 02:46:44,000
in 1821 as Napoleon's condition,
worsened constant abdominal 

3136
02:46:44,000 --> 02:46:45,800
pain, nausea and physical 
weakening. 

3137
02:46:45,800 --> 02:46:49,400
He took to bed in April, he 
sensed the end was near and made

3138
02:46:49,400 --> 02:46:52,800
a will famously asking to be 
buried on the banks of the sin, 

3139
02:46:52,800 --> 02:46:55,600
and among the French people who 
may have loved so much. 

3140
02:46:56,600 --> 02:46:59,500
On May the 5th 1821 during a 
ferocious storm. 

3141
02:46:59,500 --> 02:47:03,000
Napoleon died. 
His last words in Delirium were 

3142
02:47:03,000 --> 02:47:07,400
recorded by those at his bedside
as France, Billy Army. 

3143
02:47:08,800 --> 02:47:13,100
Tech dummy, Josephine. 
France. 

3144
02:47:14,100 --> 02:47:16,500
The army. 
Head of the army. 

3145
02:47:17,400 --> 02:47:21,100
Josephine. 
Even at the final moment, his 

3146
02:47:21,100 --> 02:47:24,800
mind clung to what he cherished,
his country, his soldiers, his 

3147
02:47:24,800 --> 02:47:28,100
glory and perhaps a fleeting 
thought of the first wife, he 

3148
02:47:28,100 --> 02:47:32,000
had loved Napoleon was buried on
Saint Helena in a shaded Valley,

3149
02:47:32,000 --> 02:47:34,500
in a modest. 
Grave marked only by a simple, 

3150
02:47:34,500 --> 02:47:37,900
Tombstone, the British wary of 
any symbol left it nameless. 

3151
02:47:38,800 --> 02:47:42,400
But death, only magnified the 
legend within years, Memoirs, 

3152
02:47:42,400 --> 02:47:44,800
like the memorial of Saint 
Helena spread across Europe, 

3153
02:47:44,800 --> 02:47:49,100
painting Napoleon as a romantic 
hero, and Martyr of sorts the 

3154
02:47:49,100 --> 02:47:51,800
great, man and done by fate and 
the malice of lesser men. 

3155
02:47:51,800 --> 02:47:55,400
The term Napoleon complex would 
come to describe, not cycle 

3156
02:47:55,400 --> 02:47:58,300
height issues that the 
complexity of his historical 

3157
02:47:58,300 --> 02:48:02,000
image Tyrant or enlightened 
ruler military genius, or 

3158
02:48:02,000 --> 02:48:05,800
Reckless conqueror. 
In 1840, as political Tides 

3159
02:48:05,800 --> 02:48:08,900
changed in France, King Louis 
Philippe obtained permission to 

3160
02:48:08,900 --> 02:48:12,500
bring Napoleon's remains home. 
In a grande State ceremony. 

3161
02:48:12,500 --> 02:48:16,300
Napoleon's body was exhumed 
found remarkably well preserved,

3162
02:48:16,300 --> 02:48:20,400
and transported to Paris lined 
by hundreds of thousands of 

3163
02:48:20,400 --> 02:48:23,000
Silent on Lucas. 
His coffin passed under the 

3164
02:48:23,000 --> 02:48:26,300
Arctic Tree on that Monument. 
He commissioned at the height of

3165
02:48:26,300 --> 02:48:29,400
his power and he was finally 
laid to rest with full honors. 

3166
02:48:29,400 --> 02:48:33,100
In a red, poor furry sarcophagus
at Liz ever lead France, thus 

3167
02:48:33,100 --> 02:48:35,300
symbolically reconciled with 
her, Prodigal Son. 

3168
02:48:41,100 --> 02:48:45,700
Oda Nobunaga arrived in 1534 in 
the unmetal province of owari 

3169
02:48:45,700 --> 02:48:48,600
amid a period in Japan. 
Now remembered for Endless 

3170
02:48:48,600 --> 02:48:52,500
conflicts and rapidly shifting 
feudal allegiances his father 

3171
02:48:52,500 --> 02:48:55,200
Odin. 
Nobody was a minor warlord 

3172
02:48:55,200 --> 02:48:58,600
grappling with clan in fighting 
local skirmishes and the 

3173
02:48:58,600 --> 02:49:01,000
Perpetual risk of larger armies 
from neighboring. 

3174
02:49:01,000 --> 02:49:04,300
Provinces there was no guarantee
that the infant Nobunaga would 

3175
02:49:04,300 --> 02:49:09,100
transform, the realm families, 
fought alliances crumbled, a new

3176
02:49:09,100 --> 02:49:12,900
leaders emerged overnight. 
Yet from the Vantage of time, 

3177
02:49:12,900 --> 02:49:15,700
it's clear he planted seeds, 
that would remake Japan. 

3178
02:49:16,600 --> 02:49:19,100
Early records. 
Described a young Nobunaga as 

3179
02:49:19,100 --> 02:49:20,900
unruly. 
Spurned. 

3180
02:49:20,900 --> 02:49:24,500
Formalities wearing, outlandish 
clothings arriving, late to 

3181
02:49:24,500 --> 02:49:27,600
Solemn ceremony, and generally 
annoying Clan Elders. 

3182
02:49:27,600 --> 02:49:30,700
They label him full Hardy, or 
even an embarrassment to the 

3183
02:49:30,708 --> 02:49:33,700
odor name. 
But behind that facade of 

3184
02:49:33,700 --> 02:49:36,600
flamboyance looked to creative 
mind hungry for novelty. 

3185
02:49:36,600 --> 02:49:40,300
He tinkered with foreign 
trinkets asked probing questions

3186
02:49:40,300 --> 02:49:43,500
about strategy and displayed a 
knack for analyzing rival 

3187
02:49:43,500 --> 02:49:48,200
movements Teachers who try to 
tame him, rarely succeeded yet, 

3188
02:49:48,200 --> 02:49:51,000
they noticed flashes of 
Brilliance like the time, he 

3189
02:49:51,000 --> 02:49:53,800
walked the perimeter of his 
father's Castle pointing out 

3190
02:49:53,800 --> 02:49:57,200
weaknesses in gait design that 
grown Samurai overlooked. 

3191
02:49:57,200 --> 02:50:00,200
His father's death in 1551 
thrust. 

3192
02:50:00,200 --> 02:50:04,300
This untested youth into sudden,
prominence instantly, the odor, 

3193
02:50:04,300 --> 02:50:07,200
Clan fractured uncle's, 
half-brothers and distant 

3194
02:50:07,200 --> 02:50:08,900
cousins jostled for the top 
seat. 

3195
02:50:08,900 --> 02:50:12,700
Conventional wisdom suggested 
that the audacious fool of owari

3196
02:50:12,700 --> 02:50:16,000
had little chance. 
But in the swirl of that crisis,

3197
02:50:16,000 --> 02:50:20,100
Nobunaga made decisive moves, he
broke up, heard short-term 

3198
02:50:20,100 --> 02:50:23,700
packed with key, retainers 
promised them new lands and 

3199
02:50:23,700 --> 02:50:26,300
swiftly dismantled the claims of
older relatives, who 

3200
02:50:26,300 --> 02:50:29,600
underestimated him. 
Some, he exiled and some, he 

3201
02:50:29,600 --> 02:50:31,900
subdued military within two 
years. 

3202
02:50:31,900 --> 02:50:36,200
He asserted control over most of
a woori observers realized he 

3203
02:50:36,200 --> 02:50:39,100
was no clown. 
He simply despised the old 

3204
02:50:39,100 --> 02:50:41,100
ceremonial style and did things 
his own way. 

3205
02:50:41,100 --> 02:50:44,900
Rumor has it that around this 
time, a traveling Merchant 

3206
02:50:44,900 --> 02:50:48,200
introduced him to our Keeper's 
matchlock guns from the West. 

3207
02:50:48,200 --> 02:50:51,800
Most Samurai saw these Firearms 
as crude and unworthy 

3208
02:50:51,800 --> 02:50:56,500
overshadowed by the Elegance of 
swords and Spears, Nobunaga 

3209
02:50:56,500 --> 02:50:58,500
though recognize their 
potential. 

3210
02:50:59,500 --> 02:51:02,900
He quietly stockpiled them 
ordering gunsmiths to replicate 

3211
02:51:02,900 --> 02:51:05,200
or adapt them. 
He tested them in private 

3212
02:51:05,200 --> 02:51:08,600
drills, training foot soldiers 
to Fire and disciplined volleys.

3213
02:51:09,200 --> 02:51:12,300
The practice was a departure 
from the sengoku norm, which 

3214
02:51:12,300 --> 02:51:16,200
romanticized heroic duels. 
He aimed to harness the Synergy 

3215
02:51:16,200 --> 02:51:19,000
of the ranks prioritizing 
technology over individual 

3216
02:51:19,000 --> 02:51:21,600
bravado. 
Such a notion, didn't spread 

3217
02:51:21,600 --> 02:51:24,700
widely yet. 
But the seeds were planted for a

3218
02:51:24,700 --> 02:51:27,500
new kind of warfare. 
The first major test of his 

3219
02:51:27,500 --> 02:51:31,800
cunning came in 1560. 
When in Regala yoshimoto, one of

3220
02:51:31,808 --> 02:51:34,800
the era's, most formidable 
Warlords, led a giant army 

3221
02:51:34,800 --> 02:51:37,000
through a warri in route to the 
Capitol. 

3222
02:51:37,000 --> 02:51:40,400
The conventional approach would 
have been for smaller clowns to 

3223
02:51:40,400 --> 02:51:44,000
hide in fortified castles or 
attempt half-hearted skirmishes,

3224
02:51:44,000 --> 02:51:48,000
but Nobunaga went bold, famously
prayed at a local, Shrine, 

3225
02:51:48,000 --> 02:51:51,600
offered sake to his men, and 
then launched to surprise attack

3226
02:51:51,600 --> 02:51:54,900
at Aki hazama. 
The result was astonishing, 

3227
02:51:54,900 --> 02:52:00,400
Yoshi Moto's vast Force lulled 
into overconfidence collapsed 

3228
02:52:00,400 --> 02:52:03,300
onto nobunaga's. 
Ambush yoshimoto, himself was 

3229
02:52:03,300 --> 02:52:06,300
killed in the confusion, this 
Victory stunned, the Japanese 

3230
02:52:06,300 --> 02:52:10,900
archipelago a lesser Clan from 
owari under a Brash, young Lord,

3231
02:52:10,900 --> 02:52:13,500
and toppled one of the biggest 
threats in a single day. 

3232
02:52:14,500 --> 02:52:17,600
After okehazama smaller, local, 
Warlords. 

3233
02:52:17,600 --> 02:52:20,800
Rushed to align with the odor 
Clan or at least sign neutrality

3234
02:52:20,800 --> 02:52:23,500
packs. 
Nobunaga's Prestige sword. 

3235
02:52:23,500 --> 02:52:27,000
Yet he did not rest. 
He began forging deeper 

3236
02:52:27,000 --> 02:52:30,500
connections with merchants in 
nearby free cities establishing 

3237
02:52:30,500 --> 02:52:34,000
an economic backbone. 
He sought alliances with key 

3238
02:52:34,000 --> 02:52:37,600
figures in meno and only 
provinces using marriages and 

3239
02:52:37,600 --> 02:52:41,000
mutual defense packs. 
At the same time, he displayed 

3240
02:52:41,000 --> 02:52:44,700
unpredictability punishing 
uncooperative, Lords harshly, 

3241
02:52:44,700 --> 02:52:47,900
sacking their castles and 
installing loyal. 

3242
02:52:47,900 --> 02:52:52,400
Retainer families in the void. 
Amid these expansions he showed 

3243
02:52:52,400 --> 02:52:56,000
an unusual attitude towards 
status traditional samurai 

3244
02:52:56,000 --> 02:52:57,900
lineage mattered less to him 
than competence. 

3245
02:52:58,700 --> 02:53:02,500
If a farmer's son, displayed 
skill nobunny might Elevate him 

3246
02:53:02,500 --> 02:53:04,200
to command squads or handle 
taxes. 

3247
02:53:04,200 --> 02:53:07,300
The situation on settled old 
Aristocrats who viewed 

3248
02:53:07,300 --> 02:53:10,900
inheritance as the Bedrock of 
power Nobunaga cared little for 

3249
02:53:10,900 --> 02:53:14,200
their complaints arguing that 
Victory and stability were more 

3250
02:53:14,200 --> 02:53:15,900
important than outmoded 
hierarchies. 

3251
02:53:15,900 --> 02:53:19,700
This approach gained him Fierce 
loyalty from those who recognize

3252
02:53:19,700 --> 02:53:23,500
that Talent was rewarded but it 
also sewed resentment among the 

3253
02:53:23,500 --> 02:53:26,200
Old Guard who saw him as an 
iconoclast. 

3254
02:53:27,100 --> 02:53:31,800
By the late 1560s Odeon had 
outgrown the label full. 

3255
02:53:31,800 --> 02:53:35,100
He was forging a reputation as a
radical risk taker. 

3256
02:53:35,100 --> 02:53:39,500
Combining intimidation strategic
alliances and unconventional 

3257
02:53:39,500 --> 02:53:42,700
warfare in Council. 
He might appeared dressed simply

3258
02:53:42,700 --> 02:53:47,600
focusing on substance instead of
pomp Observers were recall that 

3259
02:53:47,600 --> 02:53:52,200
in private, he studied Maps 
meticulously pondering. 

3260
02:53:52,200 --> 02:53:54,600
How to break the web of petty 
Wars that kept Japan. 

3261
02:53:54,600 --> 02:53:58,700
Fractured, no one yet, imagined 
the scale of his ambition that 

3262
02:53:58,700 --> 02:54:02,200
he'd attempt to unify the entire
land, but the signs were there 

3263
02:54:02,200 --> 02:54:06,800
in every bold decision, every 
new alliance and every shattered

3264
02:54:06,800 --> 02:54:09,800
old tradition, he was on the 
brink of a far more sweeping 

3265
02:54:09,800 --> 02:54:12,900
campaign. 
As his influence grew in owari, 

3266
02:54:12,900 --> 02:54:15,900
Oda Nobunaga, distracted, his 
attention, towards the 

3267
02:54:15,900 --> 02:54:19,000
neighboring Mino. 
This domain was under the site 

3268
02:54:19,000 --> 02:54:22,300
to Clan known for cunning 
leadership and strong hostile 

3269
02:54:22,300 --> 02:54:25,100
defenses, especially the 
imposing in Albion Castle 

3270
02:54:25,100 --> 02:54:27,800
perched, on a steep hill, local 
Warlords. 

3271
02:54:27,800 --> 02:54:31,400
Mermaid, that Renault was a 
fortress in region, not easily 

3272
02:54:31,400 --> 02:54:35,600
subjected but Nobunaga believed 
that if he could seize Mino he 

3273
02:54:35,600 --> 02:54:38,100
would secure a critical foot. 
Hold on the route to Kyoto 

3274
02:54:38,100 --> 02:54:41,500
diplomatically. 
He first tried forging a 

3275
02:54:41,500 --> 02:54:44,300
connection he arranged for his 
foster daughter to marry the 

3276
02:54:44,300 --> 02:54:50,300
Seto. 
Yet the ceto patriarch Saito 

3277
02:54:50,300 --> 02:54:53,900
dosan died in a familial 
conflict leaving the clan 

3278
02:54:53,900 --> 02:54:56,600
leadership. 
In flux, the new Saito, head 

3279
02:54:56,600 --> 02:54:59,300
refused to yield. 
Nobunaga changed his strategy. 

3280
02:54:59,300 --> 02:55:03,200
He recruited refugees from Nino 
who hated the new Saito 

3281
02:55:03,200 --> 02:55:05,200
leadership. 
He gleaned Intel about secret 

3282
02:55:05,200 --> 02:55:09,200
Mountain paths and alternative 
supply routes hammered away at 

3283
02:55:09,200 --> 02:55:11,400
saito's border. 
Fortifications with Relentless 

3284
02:55:11,400 --> 02:55:15,600
minor assaults wearing them down
around this period toyotomi 

3285
02:55:15,600 --> 02:55:18,700
hideyoshi and unassuming foot 
soldier with a knack for 

3286
02:55:18,700 --> 02:55:20,900
persuasion captured nobunaga's 
attention. 

3287
02:55:21,700 --> 02:55:24,600
Hideyoshi broke at local 
alliances and bribed to 

3288
02:55:24,600 --> 02:55:28,000
underlings to sabotage defenses 
from within the infiltration, 

3289
02:55:28,000 --> 02:55:32,600
was so effective that by 1567 
saito's lines crumbled under a 

3290
02:55:32,600 --> 02:55:36,900
well-coordinated strike in Abby,
armor Castle fell and no, 

3291
02:55:36,900 --> 02:55:40,200
Bernardo promptly renamed the 
Fortress gifu symbolizing, a 

3292
02:55:40,200 --> 02:55:42,500
fresh chapter. 
Gifu Castle. 

3293
02:55:42,500 --> 02:55:45,600
Thus, became his new base 
overshadowing, a worries, older 

3294
02:55:45,600 --> 02:55:49,200
seat, local Legend says he 
pinned a banner reading tanker. 

3295
02:55:49,200 --> 02:55:52,700
FUBU roughly, meaning. 
All the real under one sword and

3296
02:55:52,700 --> 02:55:55,900
audacious motto that showcased 
his aspiration to unify Japan. 

3297
02:55:55,900 --> 02:55:59,600
Having secured Mino cast his 
Gaze on Kyoto. 

3298
02:55:59,600 --> 02:56:03,500
The imperial capital of loss 
much of its luster battered by 

3299
02:56:03,500 --> 02:56:07,900
Decades of feuding Warlords. 
The Ashoka Showgun at nominal 

3300
02:56:07,900 --> 02:56:10,900
ruling Japan was overshadowed by
local Powers. 

3301
02:56:10,900 --> 02:56:15,600
A figure named ashikaga yoshiaki
approached Nobunaga pleading for

3302
02:56:15,600 --> 02:56:20,200
rescue from rival Warlords. 
Sensing opportunity, Nobunaga 

3303
02:56:20,200 --> 02:56:24,800
marched on Kyoto in 1568. 
The city's confusion allowed him

3304
02:56:24,800 --> 02:56:28,400
to install yoshiaki as Shogun. 
Though it was an arrangement 

3305
02:56:28,400 --> 02:56:32,300
reminiscent of a puppet regime. 
Nobunaga intended to influence 

3306
02:56:32,300 --> 02:56:35,800
National politics. 
Covertly utilizing yoshiaki, as 

3307
02:56:35,800 --> 02:56:39,100
a symbolic leader. 
Kyoto's populace, reacted, with 

3308
02:56:39,100 --> 02:56:41,900
mixed emotions. 
Some welcomed an end to chaos 

3309
02:56:41,900 --> 02:56:43,500
others. 
Feared, a new Tyrant. 

3310
02:56:43,500 --> 02:56:47,600
Nobunaga tried to reassure them 
by rebuilding toads and temples 

3311
02:56:47,600 --> 02:56:51,200
wrecked by early conflicts. 
He minted, coinage, Finance, 

3312
02:56:51,200 --> 02:56:55,000
local markets, and even politely
introduced fresh laws to curb 

3313
02:56:55,000 --> 02:56:57,300
violence in the capitals 
districts. 

3314
02:56:58,100 --> 02:57:00,400
Yet, these gestures of 
benevolence coexisted with his 

3315
02:57:00,400 --> 02:57:04,600
iron fisted approach to dissent,
for instance, lingering warlord 

3316
02:57:04,600 --> 02:57:06,300
forces. 
Who refused to submit found 

3317
02:57:06,300 --> 02:57:09,800
themselves crushed among them, 
was the rebellious miyoshi Clan 

3318
02:57:09,800 --> 02:57:13,200
the city subdued, its rebellious
Corners over a matter of months?

3319
02:57:13,200 --> 02:57:16,500
Nevertheless friction arose with
the Shogun ashikaga. 

3320
02:57:16,500 --> 02:57:21,100
Yoshiaki who bristled at being 
overshadowed Yoshi quietly. 

3321
02:57:21,100 --> 02:57:23,400
Tried building alliances among 
traditional Clans. 

3322
02:57:23,400 --> 02:57:27,400
Fueling, an anti-odor Coalition 
that included powerful Barons 

3323
02:57:27,400 --> 02:57:30,600
like a Sakura and his eye. 
The standoff that followed 

3324
02:57:30,600 --> 02:57:33,300
tested nobunaga's skill at 
multi-front campaigns. 

3325
02:57:33,300 --> 02:57:36,900
Ironically, his brother-in-law, 
as I nagamasa, husband to 

3326
02:57:36,900 --> 02:57:41,000
nobunaga's Sister oichi led the 
other Clan The personal 

3327
02:57:41,000 --> 02:57:43,600
heartbreak of Waging War against
his kin weighed heavily. 

3328
02:57:43,600 --> 02:57:47,500
Yet Nobunaga pressed on. 
He arranged for alliances with 

3329
02:57:47,500 --> 02:57:52,100
Tokugawa ayesu who secured the 
East, allowing the odor main 

3330
02:57:52,100 --> 02:57:54,500
Force to handle the azai asakura
threat. 

3331
02:57:55,200 --> 02:57:58,300
The battles near Anna. 
Garo in 1570, proved intense 

3332
02:57:58,300 --> 02:58:01,500
with and Tokugawa armies. 
Eventually prevailing after 

3333
02:58:01,500 --> 02:58:04,800
vicious Hunter hand fighting 
this Victory though, 

3334
02:58:04,800 --> 02:58:07,700
overshadowed in popular, lore by
larger events signaled that 

3335
02:58:07,700 --> 02:58:11,900
Family Ties would not turn abuna
from his greater mission Around 

3336
02:58:11,900 --> 02:58:14,600
this juncture, Nobunaga 
displayed his approach to 

3337
02:58:14,600 --> 02:58:17,600
religious factions. 
More starkly the warrior monks 

3338
02:58:17,600 --> 02:58:21,800
of mountie near Kyoto allied 
with the azai asakura Coalition.

3339
02:58:21,800 --> 02:58:26,000
Nobunaga demanded this 
submission, they refused in 

3340
02:58:26,000 --> 02:58:28,200
1571. 
He Unleashed a brutal assault. 

3341
02:58:28,200 --> 02:58:32,000
The entire complex at Henry, a 
Coogi was put to Flame and 

3342
02:58:32,000 --> 02:58:35,200
thousands of monks. 
Novices and civilians perished, 

3343
02:58:35,200 --> 02:58:38,000
it was an act. 
So Grim at even shocked some of 

3344
02:58:38,000 --> 02:58:42,100
nobunaga's stunt allies. 
But he justified it claiming 

3345
02:58:42,100 --> 02:58:44,600
that the militant monks of 
threatened the capital's order 

3346
02:58:44,600 --> 02:58:47,400
for too long for him no sacred 
label. 

3347
02:58:47,400 --> 02:58:50,100
Could Shield an armed group from
the Unstoppable cause of 

3348
02:58:50,108 --> 02:58:52,900
unification. 
If an institution medaled 

3349
02:58:52,900 --> 02:58:55,600
military, it had to be crushed 
no matter. 

3350
02:58:55,600 --> 02:58:58,200
Its spiritual veneer. 
Though these actions 

3351
02:58:58,200 --> 02:59:01,000
Consolidated his grip, they 
fueled a reputation for 

3352
02:59:01,000 --> 02:59:04,400
ruthlessness people whispered 
that he had become a Demon Lord.

3353
02:59:05,100 --> 02:59:07,500
Yet. 
Ironically, he also cultivated 

3354
02:59:07,500 --> 02:59:10,900
appreciation for the Arts. 
He introduced modern styles of 

3355
02:59:10,900 --> 02:59:13,600
Castle architecture. 
Invited portuguese's. 

3356
02:59:13,600 --> 02:59:16,800
Artisans to demonstrate new 
building techniques and toyed 

3357
02:59:16,800 --> 02:59:18,900
with the newly introduced trend 
of tea ceremony. 

3358
02:59:19,800 --> 02:59:22,900
This contradictory mix. 
Stream brutality on the 

3359
02:59:22,908 --> 02:59:25,500
battlefield paired with the 
refined cultural, Pursuits, 

3360
02:59:25,500 --> 02:59:29,400
confused many, but it formed the
heart of bruna's method. 

3361
02:59:29,400 --> 02:59:33,000
Forging a new Japan by blending.
Modern Innovation with 

3362
02:59:33,000 --> 02:59:38,500
unstoppable Force by 1573 the 
puppet showed gun yoshiaki. 

3363
02:59:38,500 --> 02:59:42,400
Now thoroughly at odds. 
With no Naga was exiled, the 

3364
02:59:42,400 --> 02:59:46,200
Ashoka sugared. 
From that point forward. 

3365
02:59:46,200 --> 02:59:48,800
The question wasn't, whether the
old order was gone? 

3366
02:59:48,800 --> 02:59:51,600
It was whether no Bernardo could
fill the vacuum before. 

3367
02:59:51,600 --> 02:59:55,200
Other warlord struck. 
The next moves he made would 

3368
02:59:55,200 --> 02:59:57,000
Define the entire future of the 
archipelago. 

3369
02:59:57,900 --> 03:00:02,200
The year 1573 Unleashed a new 
dynamic in central Japan, the 

3370
03:00:02,200 --> 03:00:05,100
centuries old ashikaga, 
shogunate stood dissolved 

3371
03:00:05,100 --> 03:00:09,300
leaving a power vacuum that Odin
Nobunaga sought to fill although

3372
03:00:09,300 --> 03:00:11,000
he did not assume the Shogun 
title. 

3373
03:00:11,000 --> 03:00:14,300
Some suspect he viewed it as two
entangled with archaic baggage 

3374
03:00:14,300 --> 03:00:18,100
he effectively governed from 
Kyoto as the central Warlord. 

3375
03:00:18,800 --> 03:00:23,400
Nobunaga's subordinates, notably
hashiba hideyoshi later toyotomi

3376
03:00:23,400 --> 03:00:27,800
hideyoshi and Tokugawa yasu took
on crucial roles in expanding 

3377
03:00:27,800 --> 03:00:31,800
the odor domain and stabilizing 
Concord territories nonetheless 

3378
03:00:31,800 --> 03:00:35,400
pockets of fierce resistance 
remained including the might of 

3379
03:00:35,400 --> 03:00:39,000
the Takeda clan in eastern. 
Provinces one would not expect 

3380
03:00:39,000 --> 03:00:42,600
that a man ascending, so rapidly
would find time for culture yet 

3381
03:00:42,600 --> 03:00:45,900
nobunaga's, passion for 
spectacle, grew reports, 

3382
03:00:45,900 --> 03:00:48,800
mentioned Grand, Banquets, and 
Kyoto with exotic dishes, 

3383
03:00:48,800 --> 03:00:52,200
Portuguese, wine and comedic 
theater performed at Night by 

3384
03:00:52,200 --> 03:00:55,500
Torchlight. 
He sponsored the no drama though

3385
03:00:55,500 --> 03:00:59,100
in a personal style that adapted
scripts to Lord new Heroes. 

3386
03:00:59,800 --> 03:01:03,700
Some older Aristocrats, frowned 
know they believed was the 

3387
03:01:03,708 --> 03:01:07,900
Hallmark of an older refined 
tradition. but to Nobunaga, 

3388
03:01:08,600 --> 03:01:11,300
Tradition was a tool, not a 
chain. 

3389
03:01:12,000 --> 03:01:15,100
He saw an artistic displays an 
opportunity to unify the 

3390
03:01:15,100 --> 03:01:18,700
fracture Elites by enticing them
with entertainment and proving 

3391
03:01:18,700 --> 03:01:21,200
that his rule overshadowed, any 
prior pageantry. 

3392
03:01:22,000 --> 03:01:24,600
Still wore overshadowed these 
amusements. 

3393
03:01:24,600 --> 03:01:26,900
The formidable Takeda shingen 
died. 

3394
03:01:26,900 --> 03:01:32,000
In 1573 leaving Takeda katsuyori
in charge, though, less 

3395
03:01:32,000 --> 03:01:35,900
accomplished than his father. 
Katsurei was no pushover in 

3396
03:01:35,900 --> 03:01:39,500
1575, he led a formidable, 
Cavalry Force into Mccalla, 

3397
03:01:39,500 --> 03:01:44,300
clashing with knoben's Allied, 
armies, the event, set the stage

3398
03:01:44,300 --> 03:01:45,800
for the pivotal battle of 
nagashino. 

3399
03:01:46,900 --> 03:01:50,200
Typically a Cavalry swarm 
overcame infantry but nobody's 

3400
03:01:50,200 --> 03:01:53,500
novel approach extensive 
Palisades, rotating lines of 

3401
03:01:53,508 --> 03:01:56,500
Aqua this year's shattered. 
The myth of Unstoppable, horse 

3402
03:01:56,500 --> 03:01:59,800
charges the musket. 
Volleys decimated, the takada 

3403
03:01:59,800 --> 03:02:01,800
ranks. 
Eyewitnesses described. 

3404
03:02:01,800 --> 03:02:05,100
How for the first time, Mast 
Firearms, overcame famous, 

3405
03:02:05,100 --> 03:02:09,100
Cavalry Charges in open terrain.
This watershed moment reaffirmed

3406
03:02:09,100 --> 03:02:13,000
as reputation as a modernizing 
general who embraced Firearms, 

3407
03:02:13,000 --> 03:02:17,700
wholeheartedly Following 
nagashino the Clan's Prestige 

3408
03:02:17,700 --> 03:02:21,300
plummeted in enabling Nobunaga 
to extend deeper into Eastern 

3409
03:02:21,300 --> 03:02:24,000
domains. 
Meanwhile in the capital, he 

3410
03:02:24,000 --> 03:02:27,100
grew more direct and quelling. 
Any recalcitrant Aristocrats, or

3411
03:02:27,100 --> 03:02:29,600
religious sects. 
He was rumored to have 

3412
03:02:29,600 --> 03:02:32,100
humiliated, certain courtiers, 
who showed insufficient 

3413
03:02:32,100 --> 03:02:35,300
obedience. 
Indeed, the swirl of new rumors 

3414
03:02:35,300 --> 03:02:38,600
painted him as borderline 
sacrilegious, ignoring the 

3415
03:02:38,600 --> 03:02:42,100
established Kami Worship in 
shrines or publicly mocking, 

3416
03:02:42,100 --> 03:02:45,800
certain Shrine rituals as 
superstitious this spurred the 

3417
03:02:45,800 --> 03:02:48,500
rumor of him being the demon 
warlord culminating. 

3418
03:02:48,500 --> 03:02:51,800
In some devout Warriors, forming
tiny conspiracies to rid the 

3419
03:02:51,800 --> 03:02:54,100
land of this Empire's figure. 
One. 

3420
03:02:54,100 --> 03:02:56,500
Overlooked Dimension was his 
approach to Camaros. 

3421
03:02:57,400 --> 03:02:59,500
Beyond the free markets and 
Castle towns. 

3422
03:02:59,500 --> 03:03:01,900
No, Bernardo established weigh 
stations. 

3423
03:03:01,900 --> 03:03:05,100
And lodging posts along, major 
highways he suppressed local 

3424
03:03:05,100 --> 03:03:06,800
toll collectors. 
Who bled Travelers? 

3425
03:03:06,800 --> 03:03:10,900
This policy triggered, an 
economic upswing caravan's from 

3426
03:03:10,900 --> 03:03:14,500
the sea to Inland. 
Sea carried salt, textiles and 

3427
03:03:14,500 --> 03:03:16,600
foreign Goods with fewer bribes 
to pay. 

3428
03:03:17,600 --> 03:03:19,900
The odor domain. 
Thus build a stable fiscal 

3429
03:03:19,900 --> 03:03:23,400
backbone, fueling further 
expansion and enabling him to 

3430
03:03:23,400 --> 03:03:26,000
Grant rewards to Loyal vassals 
without bankrupting the 

3431
03:03:26,000 --> 03:03:28,500
treasury. 
Such a commercial Savvy. 

3432
03:03:28,500 --> 03:03:31,600
Warlord was a novelty in a 
period when Marshall Glory 

3433
03:03:31,600 --> 03:03:34,200
overshadowed The Humble of 
business of economic mix. 

3434
03:03:35,000 --> 03:03:38,300
Nobunaga also interacted with a 
figure rarely acknowledged in 

3435
03:03:38,300 --> 03:03:41,800
mainstream accounts. 
Yasuke often regarded as the 

3436
03:03:41,800 --> 03:03:45,900
first African Samurai, The Tall 
Man from Portuguese or Italian 

3437
03:03:45,900 --> 03:03:49,600
missions yasuke arrived in Japan
under uncertain circumstances 

3438
03:03:49,600 --> 03:03:52,500
impressed by his physique and 
exotic. 

3439
03:03:52,500 --> 03:03:56,800
Background Nobunaga took an 
interest, eventually welcoming 

3440
03:03:56,800 --> 03:04:00,200
him into service letters from 
Jesuit sources hint that 

3441
03:04:00,200 --> 03:04:02,400
Nobunaga found Jessica's 
presence refreshing. 

3442
03:04:02,400 --> 03:04:05,200
The symbol of how broad the 
world truly was. 

3443
03:04:05,200 --> 03:04:08,000
Some accounts mentioned that 
yesterday was entrusted with 

3444
03:04:08,008 --> 03:04:11,600
certain guard duties while the 
authenticity of that Arrangement

3445
03:04:11,600 --> 03:04:14,500
has faced debate. 
It underscores how nobunaga's 

3446
03:04:14,500 --> 03:04:17,700
curiosity extended, even to 
foreigners of unusual origin. 

3447
03:04:18,500 --> 03:04:22,400
Bridging cultural gaps at a time
when xenophobia was rampant by 

3448
03:04:22,400 --> 03:04:25,200
the end of the 1570s 
Unstoppable. 

3449
03:04:25,200 --> 03:04:27,600
Momentum seemed to Define as 
progress. 

3450
03:04:28,300 --> 03:04:31,300
The Hallmark Fortress of a 
zucchini, near Lake biwa. 

3451
03:04:31,300 --> 03:04:33,600
Exemplified his vision part. 
Strong. 

3452
03:04:33,600 --> 03:04:37,500
Hold particular residents with 
decorative murals and advanced 

3453
03:04:37,500 --> 03:04:40,800
architectural engineering. 
Visitors wrote that climbing 

3454
03:04:40,800 --> 03:04:43,900
each floor, revealed new painted
Illusions and hidden defensive 

3455
03:04:43,900 --> 03:04:46,600
features. 
An embodiment of both aesthetic 

3456
03:04:46,600 --> 03:04:50,000
Flair and martial cunning, he 
invited traveling missionaries, 

3457
03:04:50,000 --> 03:04:53,600
Artisans, and even some rival. 
Lords to see a zucchi's Majesty.

3458
03:04:53,600 --> 03:04:56,500
Proclaiming that his building 
was the model of the future. 

3459
03:04:56,500 --> 03:04:59,600
In truth, the structure was also
a statement. 

3460
03:04:59,600 --> 03:05:02,900
Odor, ruled soared above the 
old, Petty, provincialism. 

3461
03:05:02,900 --> 03:05:05,300
A new day, demanded, new 
monuments. 

3462
03:05:06,100 --> 03:05:11,000
Yet Ambitions resentments. 
Many older Clans forced into 

3463
03:05:11,000 --> 03:05:13,800
submission, quite quietly sought
to chance to break free. 

3464
03:05:14,700 --> 03:05:17,600
The extent of nobunaga's reforms
threatened, the old feudal 

3465
03:05:17,600 --> 03:05:20,100
compacts even within his 
retinue. 

3466
03:05:20,100 --> 03:05:23,800
Some felt overshadowed by 
hideyoshi ascendancy or 

3467
03:05:23,800 --> 03:05:26,500
frustrated by nobunny as 
ruthless single-mindedness 

3468
03:05:26,500 --> 03:05:30,800
betrayal though rarely signaled.
Openly bubbled beneath the 

3469
03:05:30,800 --> 03:05:33,300
surface. 
The old adage that a fortress 

3470
03:05:33,300 --> 03:05:36,200
can withstand for an assault but
not always internal treachery 

3471
03:05:36,200 --> 03:05:39,900
would soon prove hauntingly at 
though the warlord pressed. 

3472
03:05:39,900 --> 03:05:44,500
Onward planning fresh campaigns 
events at the cusp of the 1580s.

3473
03:05:44,500 --> 03:05:47,600
Would reveal the Fatal cost of 
ignoring that silent discontent.

3474
03:05:48,400 --> 03:05:54,200
In Spring 1580 Odeon, Invincible
the formidable, ikko ikki 

3475
03:05:54,200 --> 03:05:56,800
strongholds were mostly crushed.
The Takeda. 

3476
03:05:56,800 --> 03:06:00,400
Clan was in shambles and the 
capital recognized him as the de

3477
03:06:00,400 --> 03:06:02,900
facto power. 
Yet a cluster of uneasy 

3478
03:06:02,900 --> 03:06:06,000
alliances still dotted the map, 
including some Warlords, who 

3479
03:06:06,000 --> 03:06:07,900
pretended loyalty while 
resenting odor. 

3480
03:06:07,900 --> 03:06:11,500
Dominance Nobunaga, though, 
rarely timid seemed almost 

3481
03:06:11,500 --> 03:06:15,400
relaxed that year, hosting 
lavish celebrations at azuchi, 

3482
03:06:15,400 --> 03:06:18,600
and paying only mild heed to 
rumors of minor revolts and 

3483
03:06:18,608 --> 03:06:21,300
distant. 
Provinces the Unstoppable, wave 

3484
03:06:21,300 --> 03:06:24,000
of Conquest had lulled him into 
believing only a formidable, 

3485
03:06:24,000 --> 03:06:28,200
outside could challenge him. 
Among his retainers Aki 

3486
03:06:28,200 --> 03:06:30,000
mitsuhide. 
Quietly navigated. 

3487
03:06:30,000 --> 03:06:33,900
The New Order Pizza Hyde had 
served Nobunaga loyally yet. 

3488
03:06:33,900 --> 03:06:36,900
Their relationship was never 
warm nobunaga's. 

3489
03:06:36,900 --> 03:06:39,300
Leadership style often involved 
public dressing Downs of 

3490
03:06:39,300 --> 03:06:41,100
subordinates who fail or 
displeased him. 

3491
03:06:41,900 --> 03:06:44,700
Some claimed mitsu hide who 
endured multiple humiliations 

3492
03:06:44,700 --> 03:06:48,400
once when an odor supply line 
Fiasco, Cosmic hides, her mother

3493
03:06:48,408 --> 03:06:49,900
her life at the hands of 
brighams. 

3494
03:06:49,900 --> 03:06:52,700
Nobody's supposedly dismissed at
callously. 

3495
03:06:52,700 --> 03:06:57,000
Another time a minor mishap at a
feast LED Nobunaga to fling a 

3496
03:06:57,000 --> 03:07:01,700
teacup in Anger, scolding omitsu
hide whether these spats fested 

3497
03:07:01,700 --> 03:07:05,500
into hatred remains uncertain. 
But it's clear mitsuhide felt 

3498
03:07:05,500 --> 03:07:09,000
overshadowed in the swirl of 
odors triumphant expansion's 

3499
03:07:09,000 --> 03:07:12,300
many believed mitsuhide was two 
measured or timid to lash out 

3500
03:07:12,300 --> 03:07:15,800
they were mistaken. 
Parallel to these tensions, 

3501
03:07:15,800 --> 03:07:19,600
Nobunaga decided to press 
further west sending hideyoshi 

3502
03:07:19,600 --> 03:07:22,600
to seduce the Mori Clan. 
That campaign demanded 

3503
03:07:22,600 --> 03:07:26,400
reinforcement Nobunaga prepared 
to dispatch extra troops. 

3504
03:07:26,400 --> 03:07:29,700
He halted in Kyoto at honor ji 
Temple intending. 

3505
03:07:29,700 --> 03:07:32,200
A brief rest on route to greet, 
hideyoshi forces. 

3506
03:07:32,900 --> 03:07:36,200
The temple though, not heavily 
fortified was considered safe 

3507
03:07:36,200 --> 03:07:37,600
enough. 
Given the capital's calm 

3508
03:07:37,600 --> 03:07:40,900
Nobunaga was traveling lightly 
with only a small guard. 

3509
03:07:40,900 --> 03:07:43,900
Most of his main Army had been 
deployed to support different 

3510
03:07:43,900 --> 03:07:46,600
operations. 
Some close advisors question 

3511
03:07:46,600 --> 03:07:49,400
this vulnerability but no 
Bernard brushed aside their 

3512
03:07:49,400 --> 03:07:51,800
concerns certain no serious 
threat. 

3513
03:07:51,800 --> 03:07:57,700
Lurked Then came that fateful 
dawn of June 21st, 1582 a catchy

3514
03:07:57,700 --> 03:08:00,200
mitsu hired. 
Commanding, a Detachment under 

3515
03:08:00,200 --> 03:08:03,600
the pretext of reinforcing, 
hideyoshi turned his Force, 

3516
03:08:03,600 --> 03:08:06,400
abruptly toward hanogi. 
Storming in. 

3517
03:08:06,400 --> 03:08:10,000
They caught the odor guards on. 
Where is the Temple's interior 

3518
03:08:10,000 --> 03:08:13,200
lit with flames as mitsuhide 
men, torched, wooden, Halls, 

3519
03:08:13,200 --> 03:08:15,800
Nobunaga fought back with sword 
in hand. 

3520
03:08:15,800 --> 03:08:18,900
But the odds were overwhelming 
realizing a skate was 

3521
03:08:18,900 --> 03:08:21,400
impossible. 
He retreated deeper into the 

3522
03:08:21,400 --> 03:08:25,300
complex Sources differ on the 
details but they Converge on the

3523
03:08:25,300 --> 03:08:29,200
notion that he took his life 
either by seppuku or ensuring no

3524
03:08:29,200 --> 03:08:32,200
capture rather than fall into 
mitts a hedis hands. 

3525
03:08:32,200 --> 03:08:36,300
The Blazing Temple sealed. 
The scene forging an indelible 

3526
03:08:36,300 --> 03:08:40,400
final image Japan's mightiest 
unifier consumed by betrayal and

3527
03:08:40,400 --> 03:08:44,200
fire undone not by an external 
rival, but by a subordinate, he 

3528
03:08:44,200 --> 03:08:48,000
underestimated Mitsuhide 
proclaiming the realm is ours. 

3529
03:08:48,000 --> 03:08:51,700
Tried to consolidate. 
But public shock overshadowed 

3530
03:08:51,700 --> 03:08:55,000
any acceptance of his coup. 
He had a Yoshi on hearing the 

3531
03:08:55,000 --> 03:08:58,700
news swiftly made peace with the
Maury to rush back in a short 

3532
03:08:58,700 --> 03:09:01,900
campaign, culminating in the 
Battle of yamazaki Hiroshi 

3533
03:09:01,900 --> 03:09:05,500
avenge, Nobunaga defeating mitsu
height, less than two weeks 

3534
03:09:05,500 --> 03:09:09,400
after homogene mitsuhide 
attempting to flee was slain by 

3535
03:09:09,400 --> 03:09:12,700
Bandits or ventral peasants, and
ironic end that left. 

3536
03:09:12,700 --> 03:09:16,300
No stable regime in his wake. 
The Echoes of that betrayal 

3537
03:09:16,300 --> 03:09:20,900
lingard for centuries, mitsuhide
days treachery became a byword 

3538
03:09:20,900 --> 03:09:23,200
for disloyalty and sudden 
reversal of Fortune. 

3539
03:09:24,200 --> 03:09:27,700
Nobunaga's demise fractured, the
odor Clan, but the impetus for 

3540
03:09:27,700 --> 03:09:30,500
unification, persisted hideyoshi
emerged. 

3541
03:09:30,500 --> 03:09:34,000
As the next major figure 
eventually, subjecting much of 

3542
03:09:34,000 --> 03:09:39,300
Japan and styling himself as the
unifier Tokugawa more patient 

3543
03:09:39,300 --> 03:09:42,600
would Outlast, the mall and set 
up the Tokugawa shogunate. 

3544
03:09:43,400 --> 03:09:46,600
In each subsequent stage, the 
ghost of nobunaga's ambition, 

3545
03:09:46,600 --> 03:09:49,200
hovered. 
Hideyoshi and yay, ASU both 

3546
03:09:49,200 --> 03:09:51,200
acknowledged that their 
expansions leaned on the 

3547
03:09:51,208 --> 03:09:54,800
foundation, Nobunaga laid the 
harnessing of firearms, the 

3548
03:09:54,800 --> 03:09:58,500
impetus for centralized domain 
and the notion that old feudal 

3549
03:09:58,500 --> 03:10:00,400
autonomy should yield to a 
singular Authority. 

3550
03:10:01,500 --> 03:10:05,600
In many ways, the abrupt end at 
honor g-shaped nobunaga's Legacy

3551
03:10:05,600 --> 03:10:09,000
as a fiery Comet unpredictable 
transformative. 

3552
03:10:09,000 --> 03:10:13,700
But short-lived A little over, 
what might have been had he 

3553
03:10:13,700 --> 03:10:15,800
survived? 
Would he have forged a stable 

3554
03:10:15,800 --> 03:10:18,800
monarchy or introduced to new 
bureaucratic structure? 

3555
03:10:18,800 --> 03:10:22,400
Might as tolerance of foreign 
presence, have expanded, Japan's

3556
03:10:22,400 --> 03:10:25,500
Global Connections early Or 
could he have become a dreaded 

3557
03:10:25,500 --> 03:10:29,200
autographed, stifling dissent 
South thoroughly as to hamper 

3558
03:10:29,200 --> 03:10:32,300
future evolution? 
The abruptness of his death 

3559
03:10:32,300 --> 03:10:36,200
leaves, a swirl of speculation. 
The site of Honor G itself 

3560
03:10:36,200 --> 03:10:39,600
stands in Kyoto who much rebuilt
off after the conflagration. 

3561
03:10:40,700 --> 03:10:44,100
tourists passed by a modest 
Memorial Often overshadowed, by 

3562
03:10:44,100 --> 03:10:48,500
more famous temples yet, for 
students of Japan sengoku era 

3563
03:10:48,500 --> 03:10:52,100
that place resonates as a 
symbolic Crossroads, the 

3564
03:10:52,100 --> 03:10:55,700
Unstoppable warlord ended by his
retainer Pivoting. 

3565
03:10:55,700 --> 03:10:57,700
The entire Arc of national 
unification. 

3566
03:10:58,900 --> 03:11:02,000
The charge remains from that day
along gone but glimpses 

3567
03:11:02,000 --> 03:11:06,100
remaining curated relics Diaries
and a handful of Swords believed

3568
03:11:06,100 --> 03:11:08,000
to have belonged to nobunaga's 
retinue. 

3569
03:11:08,600 --> 03:11:13,000
Each artifact, underscores the 
transients of power one moment. 

3570
03:11:13,000 --> 03:11:16,600
A near omnipotent, figure 
rewriting the land's Destiny. 

3571
03:11:16,600 --> 03:11:19,900
The next, a victim of fate and 
betrayal. 

3572
03:11:20,800 --> 03:11:24,800
Thus the final chapter of his 
life, stands not as a 

3573
03:11:24,800 --> 03:11:29,300
diminishment but as a crescendo 
in Falling hemmed the impetus 

3574
03:11:29,300 --> 03:11:34,400
that others carried forth. 
Hideo she yasu and the entire 

3575
03:11:34,400 --> 03:11:37,300
notion of an eventually unified 
Japan under a single rule. 

3576
03:11:37,300 --> 03:11:40,700
Trace back to nobunaga's, 
Unstoppable wave. 

3577
03:11:41,400 --> 03:11:44,900
He forced the country to see the
old code, where our kayak 

3578
03:11:44,900 --> 03:11:47,600
chivalry overshadowed 
modernization was no longer 

3579
03:11:47,600 --> 03:11:52,000
viable in that sense, though, he
vanished in Flames the brand of 

3580
03:11:52,008 --> 03:11:54,100
Revolution. 
He championed burned, onward, 

3581
03:11:54,100 --> 03:11:57,000
fueling the next. 
Generation's quest to reorder 

3582
03:11:57,000 --> 03:11:58,600
the Nation Under a single 
banner. 

3583
03:11:59,400 --> 03:12:03,300
Post honor G the manner in which
Oda nobunaga's memory evolved 

3584
03:12:03,300 --> 03:12:07,000
offers a profound insight into 
how Japan processes historical 

3585
03:12:07,000 --> 03:12:10,300
figures. 
In the immediate aftermath many 

3586
03:12:10,300 --> 03:12:12,800
Warlords excised him from 
official genealogies. 

3587
03:12:12,800 --> 03:12:16,900
He had after all the dismantled 
centuries of tradition, however,

3588
03:12:16,900 --> 03:12:20,200
within a decade references, 
re-emerged describing him as the

3589
03:12:20,200 --> 03:12:23,700
initial impetus that any warlord
seeking unification must 

3590
03:12:23,700 --> 03:12:26,300
emulate. 
Some local chroniclers wrote, 

3591
03:12:26,300 --> 03:12:29,900
tributes praising, the demons 
Clarity a phrase that captured, 

3592
03:12:29,900 --> 03:12:33,100
the Paradox, demon, and cruelty 
Clarity, and vision. 

3593
03:12:34,000 --> 03:12:37,500
Tokugawa yasu, after 
establishing the Tokugawa, 

3594
03:12:37,500 --> 03:12:42,000
shogunate in 1603, quietly 
ensured That official, records 

3595
03:12:42,000 --> 03:12:44,700
didn't overshadow. 
The Tokugawa, sentient narrative

3596
03:12:44,700 --> 03:12:48,300
with too much odor, idolization 
yet. 

3597
03:12:48,300 --> 03:12:51,400
IAS super personally revered 
nobunaga's decisive approach. 

3598
03:12:52,200 --> 03:12:54,800
Private Diaries mentioned how 
the new showguns studied old 

3599
03:12:54,800 --> 03:12:57,900
Battlefield notes from? 
Okay has Arma and nagashino 

3600
03:12:57,900 --> 03:13:00,400
cleaning insights for the 
potential crises. 

3601
03:13:00,400 --> 03:13:03,800
Ironically the official 
narrative downplayed Otis 

3602
03:13:03,800 --> 03:13:07,900
significant to bolster Tokugawa 
legitimacy that in private, the 

3603
03:13:07,900 --> 03:13:10,900
recollection of odors daring 
strategies continued to provide 

3604
03:13:10,900 --> 03:13:15,600
valuable insights Meanwhile, 
rural Legends cropped up casting

3605
03:13:15,600 --> 03:13:19,200
to go as a Restless spirit. 
Farmers told Tales of hearing 

3606
03:13:19,200 --> 03:13:22,600
Phantom hoofbeats on the stormy 
nights said to be his ghost 

3607
03:13:22,600 --> 03:13:25,200
reenacting night. 
Raids in some folk songs 

3608
03:13:25,200 --> 03:13:28,800
nobunaga's Thunder. 
Referred to unexpected storms 

3609
03:13:28,800 --> 03:13:32,400
damaging unharvested Fields, an 
ominous sign of Unstoppable 

3610
03:13:32,400 --> 03:13:35,900
Force such Tales embedded him 
into the realm of folk 

3611
03:13:35,900 --> 03:13:39,500
Superstition people across 
provinces especially in regions 

3612
03:13:39,500 --> 03:13:43,100
once scorched by his campaigns, 
found Echoes of both or and 

3613
03:13:43,100 --> 03:13:45,900
Dread in these stories by the 
Edo period. 

3614
03:13:45,900 --> 03:13:50,100
Woodblock prints portrayed him 
with stylized armor scowling or 

3615
03:13:50,100 --> 03:13:54,100
triumphant in mid-battle. 
A few dramatizations and Kabuki 

3616
03:13:54,100 --> 03:13:56,600
theater though. 
Typically focusing on hideyoshi 

3617
03:13:56,600 --> 03:14:00,600
occasionally included Cameo 
references to know binar as an 

3618
03:14:00,608 --> 03:14:02,400
unyielding presence over 
shadowing. 

3619
03:14:02,400 --> 03:14:05,400
The stage the sensors of the 
takagawa regime. 

3620
03:14:05,400 --> 03:14:09,400
Usually avoided to favorably 
fearful of stirring, rebellious,

3621
03:14:09,400 --> 03:14:12,800
sentiments that might Champion a
Nobunaga style revolt. 

3622
03:14:14,000 --> 03:14:16,700
Despite these constraints 
underground manuscripts 

3623
03:14:16,700 --> 03:14:18,500
circulated. 
That teased out, his modern 

3624
03:14:18,500 --> 03:14:21,800
aspects, like his willingness to
incorporate foreigners or push 

3625
03:14:21,800 --> 03:14:24,800
Advanced weapons. 
Samurai, who read them in 

3626
03:14:24,808 --> 03:14:27,900
private might feel emboldened by
the notion of discarding stale 

3627
03:14:27,900 --> 03:14:32,400
tradition, in favor of 
pragmatic, modernity, The Meiji 

3628
03:14:32,400 --> 03:14:35,900
Restoration in the late, 19th 
century revived interest, as 

3629
03:14:35,900 --> 03:14:38,900
Japan opened to the world. 
Some intellectuals lauded 

3630
03:14:38,900 --> 03:14:41,600
nobunaga's, Progressive stance 
on trade and Technology. 

3631
03:14:41,600 --> 03:14:44,200
Claiming he was the first modern
Japanese. 

3632
03:14:45,200 --> 03:14:48,200
Western Scholars who visited 
found in Nobunaga figure 

3633
03:14:48,200 --> 03:14:50,200
reminiscent of Europe's, 
absolute monarchs. 

3634
03:14:50,200 --> 03:14:53,000
A man who overcame medieval 
fragmentation. 

3635
03:14:53,800 --> 03:14:57,100
They wrote comparative essays 
labeling him, a Japanese Caesar 

3636
03:14:57,100 --> 03:15:01,600
or Napoleon in Samurai Forum. 
Although these analogies were 

3637
03:15:01,600 --> 03:15:04,400
simplistic, they further 
cemented his Global mistake, 

3638
03:15:05,200 --> 03:15:08,300
Museum started collecting items 
rumored to be from his domain 

3639
03:15:08,300 --> 03:15:16,300
archibus and partial suits of 
lackadaisical Japan forward 

3640
03:15:16,300 --> 03:15:20,900
centuries in a single generation
in the 20th century as War raged

3641
03:15:20,900 --> 03:15:23,300
globally. 
Some Japanese military's, 

3642
03:15:23,300 --> 03:15:26,400
admirers. 
On stoppable aggression, they 

3643
03:15:26,400 --> 03:15:28,600
saw him as a model for 
unyielding expansion. 

3644
03:15:29,400 --> 03:15:33,300
Post-war that sentiment cooled 
replaced by more nuanced 

3645
03:15:33,300 --> 03:15:37,300
academic approach, the emphasis 
shifted toward analyzing his 

3646
03:15:37,300 --> 03:15:41,500
socio-economic policies, like 
standardizing measure systems or

3647
03:15:41,500 --> 03:15:43,800
encouraging open trade in Castle
towns. 

3648
03:15:44,600 --> 03:15:47,100
Contemporary historians 
highlight how those policies 

3649
03:15:47,100 --> 03:15:51,100
laid seeds from eventual stable 
economy, under the two Kagawa. 

3650
03:15:51,100 --> 03:15:54,300
Even if that regime ironically 
closed off certain foreign 

3651
03:15:54,300 --> 03:15:57,600
influences, another wave of 
scholarship focuses on the 

3652
03:15:57,608 --> 03:16:01,100
cultural interplay, the Synergy 
of Christian missionaries and 

3653
03:16:01,100 --> 03:16:04,200
the partial acceptance of their 
ideas that might have blossomed 

3654
03:16:04,200 --> 03:16:08,600
further had opener endured In 
popular culture of the late 20th

3655
03:16:08,600 --> 03:16:10,000
and early 21st. 
Centuries. 

3656
03:16:10,000 --> 03:16:13,500
A deluge of creative retellings,
reimagined him. 

3657
03:16:14,300 --> 03:16:18,200
Video games, featuring sengoku 
battles depict him as a fearsome

3658
03:16:18,200 --> 03:16:21,500
Overlord with unstoppable power 
ups and specialized guns, squads

3659
03:16:21,500 --> 03:16:24,900
Manga and Anime often play with 
the Demon King label. 

3660
03:16:25,600 --> 03:16:28,600
Recasting him in time slip 
scenarios or comedic subplots 

3661
03:16:28,600 --> 03:16:32,100
dramas vary from an honorable 
anti-hero forging. 

3662
03:16:32,100 --> 03:16:34,400
Unity to a borderline sadistic 
tyrant. 

3663
03:16:35,600 --> 03:16:38,700
This breadth of interpretations,
testifies to his complexity, 

3664
03:16:38,700 --> 03:16:43,100
even in a comedic Cameo, the 
essence of Unstoppable change 

3665
03:16:43,100 --> 03:16:46,500
remains he's recognized as the 
impetus behind Japan's. 

3666
03:16:46,500 --> 03:16:49,400
Transition from fractious, 
medieval to the cusp of early 

3667
03:16:49,400 --> 03:16:53,600
modern hence the modern lens 
shifts through centuries of 

3668
03:16:53,600 --> 03:16:57,400
contradiction. 
Was he monstrous and cruelty or 

3669
03:16:57,400 --> 03:16:59,300
heroic in forging? 
A stable path? 

3670
03:17:00,000 --> 03:17:03,300
Did he Embrace foreign ideas out
of genuine openness or purely 

3671
03:17:03,300 --> 03:17:06,400
for Advantage? 
Did he Harbours future blueprint

3672
03:17:06,400 --> 03:17:09,500
for a stable monarchy? 
Or was he improvising day by 

3673
03:17:09,500 --> 03:17:11,600
day? 
Exploiting each short-term 

3674
03:17:11,600 --> 03:17:13,600
opportunity. 
The record suggests. 

3675
03:17:13,600 --> 03:17:15,200
All these angles might hold 
truth. 

3676
03:17:15,200 --> 03:17:19,600
He was multifaceted a man 
Unshackled by tradition, ready 

3677
03:17:19,600 --> 03:17:22,800
to harness any advantage, 
Unstoppable, until undone by 

3678
03:17:22,800 --> 03:17:24,900
betrayal. 
In that sense. 

3679
03:17:24,900 --> 03:17:28,500
Oda nobunaga's name remains a 
prism, turn it one way. 

3680
03:17:28,500 --> 03:17:30,500
You see? 
A progressive champion of 

3681
03:17:30,500 --> 03:17:33,700
modernization tilted? 
Another, a fearsome Reaper of 

3682
03:17:33,700 --> 03:17:36,500
old shrines and foes Japan's 
memory. 

3683
03:17:36,500 --> 03:17:39,400
And the world's Fascination 
revolve around these shifting 

3684
03:17:39,400 --> 03:17:42,700
lights among lesson, known 
facets of nobunaga's. 

3685
03:17:42,700 --> 03:17:46,200
Story is his personal retinue of
varied, advisors, some from 

3686
03:17:46,200 --> 03:17:48,700
backgrounds, not typically 
admitted to Samurai Council. 

3687
03:17:48,700 --> 03:17:52,800
He believed that rank was earned
by Merit an unusual stance for 

3688
03:17:52,800 --> 03:17:55,200
the time. 
For instance, who wants a 

3689
03:17:55,200 --> 03:17:57,900
pointed, a skilled blacksmith to
direct certain Siege engine 

3690
03:17:57,900 --> 03:18:01,300
Creations, that was heresy, in 
the eyes of traditional samurai,

3691
03:18:01,300 --> 03:18:05,200
a blacksmith leading Warrior's, 
Know Bernard brushed off the 

3692
03:18:05,200 --> 03:18:08,200
critics pointing to results. 
The blacksmith. 

3693
03:18:08,200 --> 03:18:11,100
Technical cunning helped Forge, 
Innovative catapults that 

3694
03:18:11,100 --> 03:18:13,000
battered a walled Fortress into 
submission. 

3695
03:18:14,000 --> 03:18:16,600
This anecdote though, 
overshadowed in mainstream 

3696
03:18:16,600 --> 03:18:20,000
accounts, exemplifies his break 
from hierarchical norms. 

3697
03:18:20,600 --> 03:18:23,500
Another overlooked detail lies 
in the realm of intelligence 

3698
03:18:23,500 --> 03:18:28,200
gathering Nobunaga, according to
scattered Diaries established, a

3699
03:18:28,200 --> 03:18:30,800
nascent Espionage Network in 
Kyoto and Merchants towns. 

3700
03:18:30,800 --> 03:18:33,200
He recognized that raw might 
alone. 

3701
03:18:33,200 --> 03:18:36,800
Wouldn't keep him ahead through 
discrete watches, some disguised

3702
03:18:36,800 --> 03:18:38,800
as traveling. 
Entertainers, some as pilgrims 

3703
03:18:38,800 --> 03:18:43,000
cleaned updates on Rival, Lords,
alliances, or fractures Buddhist

3704
03:18:43,000 --> 03:18:46,400
sects, plotting and Secret. this
network of information helped 

3705
03:18:46,400 --> 03:18:49,500
prevent revolts and enabled him 
to intercept Clan collusion 

3706
03:18:50,300 --> 03:18:53,600
While Espionage existed in Prior
eras, no, Bernardus 

3707
03:18:53,600 --> 03:18:56,400
systematized. 
It more thoroughly reflecting, a

3708
03:18:56,400 --> 03:18:58,200
willingness to adopt whatever, 
gave him an edge. 

3709
03:18:58,900 --> 03:19:01,900
One, puzzling Dimension was his 
attitude to the Imperial Court. 

3710
03:19:02,800 --> 03:19:05,500
Typically Warlords are the 
revered, the Emperor as a 

3711
03:19:05,500 --> 03:19:08,800
symbolic pivot or ignored him. 
Nobunaga courted. 

3712
03:19:08,800 --> 03:19:11,800
The courts favor in a measured 
way, offering them economic 

3713
03:19:11,800 --> 03:19:14,800
assistance, you furbishing 
certain neglected Palace halls 

3714
03:19:14,800 --> 03:19:16,600
and ensuring the emperor's 
dignity. 

3715
03:19:17,600 --> 03:19:19,000
This was not out of pure 
devotion. 

3716
03:19:19,000 --> 03:19:22,100
It was a strategic move by 
championing, the emperor's 

3717
03:19:22,100 --> 03:19:26,000
Prestige, he legitimized his 
expansion at some ceremonies 

3718
03:19:26,000 --> 03:19:31,000
derived, in flamboyant attire, 
overshadowing lesser Lords, then

3719
03:19:31,000 --> 03:19:34,500
humbly bowed before the emperor 
an old mixture of vanity in a 

3720
03:19:34,500 --> 03:19:37,100
basement that left Watchers on 
certain how to interpret him. 

3721
03:19:38,000 --> 03:19:41,800
the emperor, the powerless, in 
martial terms, recognize that 

3722
03:19:41,800 --> 03:19:45,400
nobody's guardianship provided a
stable environment for the court

3723
03:19:45,400 --> 03:19:52,000
survival, thus a polite if 
uneasy Synergy arose, Nobunaga's

3724
03:19:52,000 --> 03:19:54,700
personal life, beyond the 
political realm remains 

3725
03:19:54,700 --> 03:19:57,500
partially veiled. 
He married multiple times 

3726
03:19:57,500 --> 03:19:59,900
forging alliances with 
significant families. 

3727
03:19:59,900 --> 03:20:03,500
Notably little is said about 
deep personal attachments. 

3728
03:20:03,500 --> 03:20:06,900
Some historians wonder if he 
maintained an emotional remove 

3729
03:20:06,900 --> 03:20:11,200
seeing marriage as a strategic 
game, a personal diary snippet, 

3730
03:20:11,200 --> 03:20:14,800
suggests a fleeting mention of a
beloved consort but her name 

3731
03:20:14,800 --> 03:20:19,000
remains uncertain lost in burned
records or overshadowed by four 

3732
03:20:19,000 --> 03:20:21,600
more marriages. 
The Narrative is incomplete. 

3733
03:20:21,600 --> 03:20:25,300
Overshadowed by Warfare logs and
alliances it. 

3734
03:20:25,300 --> 03:20:27,500
Underscores how the official 
story seldom captures? 

3735
03:20:27,500 --> 03:20:29,900
Intimate sentiments specially 
for a man? 

3736
03:20:29,900 --> 03:20:33,400
So public in ambition. 
One rumored anecdote, from 

3737
03:20:33,400 --> 03:20:36,500
Castle staff claims that 
Nobunaga had a private reading 

3738
03:20:36,500 --> 03:20:40,500
habit, poetry anthology from the
amperage and Chinese military 

3739
03:20:40,500 --> 03:20:42,700
treaters. 
He found parallels between 

3740
03:20:42,700 --> 03:20:46,000
ancient poems praising ephemeral
blossoms and the transients of 

3741
03:20:46,008 --> 03:20:49,600
alliances He told a close 
retainer that the ephemeral 

3742
03:20:49,600 --> 03:20:51,200
nature of cherry blossoms 
matched. 

3743
03:20:51,200 --> 03:20:54,200
The ephemeral nature of men's 
loyalty some guests, this 

3744
03:20:54,200 --> 03:20:56,900
reflection spurred him to adopt 
Savage efficiency in the 

3745
03:20:56,908 --> 03:21:00,400
stamping out, potential threats,
believe in that if a blossom 

3746
03:21:00,400 --> 03:21:03,000
would fall, anyway, best it do 
so on his terms. 

3747
03:21:03,700 --> 03:21:05,700
Whether or not that anecdote is 
fully accurate. 

3748
03:21:05,700 --> 03:21:09,900
It captures the sense that a 
philosophical thread ran under 

3749
03:21:09,900 --> 03:21:13,300
his pragmatic exterior. 
As for the everyday peasant or 

3750
03:21:13,300 --> 03:21:16,300
merchants in his expanding 
territory, the experience was 

3751
03:21:16,300 --> 03:21:18,500
double-edged. 
They might face forced 

3752
03:21:18,500 --> 03:21:20,700
relocations or heavy Corvette 
labor to build new 

3753
03:21:20,700 --> 03:21:23,500
fortifications. 
But once integrated, they also 

3754
03:21:23,500 --> 03:21:26,700
benefited from relative security
and New Roads that spurred 

3755
03:21:26,700 --> 03:21:28,900
Commerce. 
Contemporary letters from 

3756
03:21:28,900 --> 03:21:30,900
Village. 
Headmen describe a mix of relief

3757
03:21:30,900 --> 03:21:33,700
at decreased local Warfare. 
And disquiet about the 

3758
03:21:33,700 --> 03:21:35,800
unwavering demands of the odor 
Administration. 

3759
03:21:35,800 --> 03:21:39,700
Taxes might be consistent. 
But if the local official was 

3760
03:21:39,700 --> 03:21:42,600
incompetent, they feared 
nobunaga's retribution. 

3761
03:21:42,600 --> 03:21:46,100
Entire hamlets might be sacked 
if accused of harbouring, 

3762
03:21:46,100 --> 03:21:49,100
rebels. 
So, daily life was balanced 

3763
03:21:49,100 --> 03:21:52,500
between a Karma and the dread 
that a single misstep. 

3764
03:21:52,500 --> 03:21:55,900
Could provoke a brutal. 
Crackdown As he neared the Final

3765
03:21:55,900 --> 03:22:00,700
Chapter, some retailing, he grew
more flamboyant, he staged banks

3766
03:22:00,700 --> 03:22:04,100
with Kabuki or comedic plays 
wearing elaborate kimonos, 

3767
03:22:04,100 --> 03:22:08,300
others emphasize and increasing 
paranoia pushing him to punish 

3768
03:22:08,300 --> 03:22:11,800
even mine or a fronts possibly 
both narrower who was contain 

3769
03:22:11,800 --> 03:22:14,000
truth. 
The Synergy of a man who 

3770
03:22:14,000 --> 03:22:16,600
recognized he was on the cusp of
forging a new Epoch. 

3771
03:22:16,600 --> 03:22:19,800
Yet felt the Press of Potential 
betrayals from every corner, 

3772
03:22:19,800 --> 03:22:23,300
could produce a contradictory 
starts lavish celebration. 

3773
03:22:23,300 --> 03:22:27,600
One day Savage clamped down the 
next ultimately that tension 

3774
03:22:27,600 --> 03:22:30,900
stopped at homogene leaving him 
consumed by betrayal. 

3775
03:22:31,700 --> 03:22:34,700
In the end, these lesser known 
details, his Espionage, 

3776
03:22:34,700 --> 03:22:38,800
unorthodox appointments subtle 
alliances with the Imperial 

3777
03:22:38,800 --> 03:22:43,000
Court and personal reading 
habits, magnify how complex odor

3778
03:22:43,000 --> 03:22:46,600
Nobunaga was not purely, The 
Demon King not purely, the 

3779
03:22:46,600 --> 03:22:49,700
modernizing champion, he 
Traverse spaces Beyond 

3780
03:22:49,700 --> 03:22:53,700
simplistic labels, his story 
though, overshadowed by dramatic

3781
03:22:53,700 --> 03:22:57,000
battles resonates in the subtle 
underpinnings of how he managed 

3782
03:22:57,000 --> 03:22:59,600
Realms resources and 
relationships. 

3783
03:23:00,800 --> 03:23:03,900
It hints that while overshadowed
by an era of swirling conflict. 

3784
03:23:04,600 --> 03:23:07,700
His efforts carved out A New 
Path from medieval fragmentation

3785
03:23:07,700 --> 03:23:11,200
to emergent Central Authority. 
Paving the way for hedaya, 

3786
03:23:11,200 --> 03:23:16,200
Yoshi, Yaesu and the eventual of
a stable will be at closed Japan

3787
03:23:16,200 --> 03:23:19,400
under the Tokugawa. 
Standing at the Confluence of 

3788
03:23:19,400 --> 03:23:23,500
myth and fact Oda Nobunaga 
remains a singular figure in 

3789
03:23:23,500 --> 03:23:25,000
Japan's, historical 
consciousness. 

3790
03:23:26,100 --> 03:23:30,200
Centuries of paths since that 
fateful day in 1582 yet, the 

3791
03:23:30,200 --> 03:23:34,600
shadow of Honor gingers 
observers even in modern times 

3792
03:23:34,600 --> 03:23:38,700
seen him attention between 
brutality in lightning tradition

3793
03:23:38,700 --> 03:23:42,500
and radical Innovation. 
His presence Looms in Talk of 

3794
03:23:42,508 --> 03:23:45,600
the sengoku era, overshadowing 
many of his contemporaries 

3795
03:23:45,600 --> 03:23:48,800
because he alone dared to step 
outside the old rules, so 

3796
03:23:48,800 --> 03:23:51,500
dramatically One wonders. 
How? 

3797
03:23:51,500 --> 03:23:54,200
If not for mitsu, Japan's path? 
Might differ. 

3798
03:23:54,200 --> 03:23:57,500
Maybe Nobunaga would have 
extended even friendlier ties 

3799
03:23:57,500 --> 03:24:01,000
with the West fostering deeper 
trade or adopting new Sciences. 

3800
03:24:01,000 --> 03:24:04,100
Some speculate he might have 
orchestrated a national 

3801
03:24:04,100 --> 03:24:06,000
bureaucracy. 
Well before Tokugawa 

3802
03:24:06,000 --> 03:24:08,700
consolidation. 
Speeding modernization by 

3803
03:24:08,700 --> 03:24:12,300
centuries. others argue, the 
pace of Western contact was 

3804
03:24:12,300 --> 03:24:16,000
still too slow and that his 
stance on Christianity was too 

3805
03:24:16,000 --> 03:24:19,500
ambiguous to create a real 
opening or perhaps his severity 

3806
03:24:19,500 --> 03:24:22,900
would have ignited, a larger 
civil Revolt, cutting his story 

3807
03:24:22,900 --> 03:24:27,300
short anyway, such conjectures 
swirl Because the actual drama 

3808
03:24:27,300 --> 03:24:31,800
ended abruptly leaving a vacuum 
for hedaya Yoshi and the aasu to

3809
03:24:31,800 --> 03:24:36,700
fill Modern Japan historians 
group, him among the three great

3810
03:24:36,700 --> 03:24:40,600
unifiers will be at the earliest
and the most audacious hideyoshi

3811
03:24:40,600 --> 03:24:45,300
refined ASU in Trent but 
Nobunaga was the Unstoppable. 

3812
03:24:45,300 --> 03:24:50,100
Spark various local festivals in
gifu or Nagoya, celebrate him as

3813
03:24:50,100 --> 03:24:51,300
an iconic. 
Local Hero. 

3814
03:24:51,300 --> 03:24:55,600
Perhaps ignoring the cruelty 
that the walls of temples The 

3815
03:24:55,600 --> 03:24:59,900
Duality remains parades costumed
in flamboyant odor regalia, 

3816
03:24:59,900 --> 03:25:03,600
hosting cheerful crowds 
ironically commemorating a man 

3817
03:25:03,600 --> 03:25:07,100
who showed little Mercy to foes.
Yet, that contradiction is not 

3818
03:25:07,100 --> 03:25:09,200
lost on participants, who 
acknowledge? 

3819
03:25:09,200 --> 03:25:11,400
That forging a New Orleans 
gently. 

3820
03:25:12,100 --> 03:25:14,000
Schools in Japan. 
Mentioned him in textbooks, 

3821
03:25:14,000 --> 03:25:18,200
albeit briefly formidable Lord, 
who championed guns overcame, 

3822
03:25:18,200 --> 03:25:21,800
the imagawa subdued, the Takeda 
and died at honor G. 

3823
03:25:22,800 --> 03:25:25,500
This truncated version rarely 
delves into his approach to 

3824
03:25:25,500 --> 03:25:27,300
governance or the 
transformations in Commerce. 

3825
03:25:27,300 --> 03:25:30,600
He championed meanwhile academic
circles delve deeper 

3826
03:25:30,600 --> 03:25:34,000
re-evaluating newly found 
Diaries or cross-referencing 

3827
03:25:34,000 --> 03:25:37,200
Portuguese Mission letters each 
reexamination can shift. 

3828
03:25:37,200 --> 03:25:40,800
The Nuance was he truly a patron
of broad-minded exchange or just

3829
03:25:40,800 --> 03:25:44,200
pragmatic about receiving 
Advanced Weaponry did his free 

3830
03:25:44,200 --> 03:25:47,900
market instincts come from moral
convictions or from a desire to 

3831
03:25:47,900 --> 03:25:51,100
centralize wealth under his 
control The records are 

3832
03:25:51,100 --> 03:25:54,000
incomplete showing debates. 
Continue. 

3833
03:25:54,700 --> 03:25:57,800
Outside Japan, popular culture 
globalized his name. 

3834
03:25:58,600 --> 03:26:01,200
Strategy games depict him as a 
charismatic conqueror with 

3835
03:26:01,200 --> 03:26:04,900
Cutting Edge, muskets animated 
series swirl into fantasy 

3836
03:26:04,900 --> 03:26:06,600
battles. 
Occasionally. 

3837
03:26:06,600 --> 03:26:08,400
They highlight the Heartbreak of
betrayal. 

3838
03:26:08,400 --> 03:26:12,800
Other times, the Unstoppable 
conquests In global narratives 

3839
03:26:12,800 --> 03:26:17,500
about heroic entire stands, 
comfortably, among Genghis, Khan

3840
03:26:17,500 --> 03:26:21,300
Napoleon and other icons of 
Unstoppable expansion. 

3841
03:26:22,200 --> 03:26:25,700
The Mythic Dimension grows with 
each retailing overshadowing 

3842
03:26:25,700 --> 03:26:28,500
smaller truths, like how he 
dealt daily with Petty, Clan 

3843
03:26:28,508 --> 03:26:30,600
disputes or Municipal tax 
controverses? 

3844
03:26:30,600 --> 03:26:33,700
Yet, those small truths made the
difference in his success. 

3845
03:26:33,700 --> 03:26:37,900
The Teeter handle detail from 
forging muskets to forging packs

3846
03:26:37,900 --> 03:26:39,500
with blacksmiths and foreign 
Traders. 

3847
03:26:40,300 --> 03:26:43,000
Perhaps the ultimate takeaway is
that leadership in a time of 

3848
03:26:43,008 --> 03:26:45,900
flux is rarely. 
Pure nobunaga's story. 

3849
03:26:45,900 --> 03:26:48,400
Underscores how seizing the 
moment demands leaps of 

3850
03:26:48,408 --> 03:26:51,800
imagination, a willingness, to 
adopt, unfamiliar tools and 

3851
03:26:51,800 --> 03:26:55,000
Readiness, for pushback from 
entrenched interests, but such 

3852
03:26:55,000 --> 03:26:56,500
leaps. 
Can also breed enemies from 

3853
03:26:56,500 --> 03:27:00,800
unexpected places. 
He overcame vast hurdles only to

3854
03:27:00,800 --> 03:27:03,400
be undone by the retainer whose 
loyalty he took for granted. 

3855
03:27:04,500 --> 03:27:08,200
The caution is timeless. 
Unstoppable impetus might yield 

3856
03:27:08,200 --> 03:27:11,300
breathtaking victories. 
That ignoring the intricacies of

3857
03:27:11,308 --> 03:27:14,200
trust, can prove fatal for all 
the rancor. 

3858
03:27:14,200 --> 03:27:17,800
The story of Oda Nobunaga is 
also one of bridging a medieval 

3859
03:27:17,800 --> 03:27:21,400
fractiousness to a future marked
by Central governments, the 

3860
03:27:21,400 --> 03:27:23,900
Unstoppable impetus. 
He began was not fully realized 

3861
03:27:23,900 --> 03:27:27,600
in his life time but the impetus
did not die at homogene. 

3862
03:27:27,600 --> 03:27:31,200
It continued through his 
successors culminating in a 

3863
03:27:31,200 --> 03:27:34,300
unified though autocratic 
Tokugawa regime. 

3864
03:27:35,500 --> 03:27:38,700
So in a sense he was the father 
of modern Japan in everything 

3865
03:27:38,700 --> 03:27:42,600
but his official name that's the
irony, the one who set the stage

3866
03:27:42,600 --> 03:27:44,500
for stability. 
Never personally enjoyed it. 

3867
03:27:44,500 --> 03:27:48,000
His life ended in a 
conflagration leaving fans of 

3868
03:27:48,000 --> 03:27:51,000
heroic epic to mourn that the 
Unstoppable path ended. 

3869
03:27:51,000 --> 03:27:55,000
Just short of the final victory.
Perhaps that ending Paradox, 

3870
03:27:55,000 --> 03:27:58,700
amplifies, his Legend in a land 
that often underscores the 

3871
03:27:58,708 --> 03:28:00,500
ephemeral beauty of cherry 
blossoms. 

3872
03:28:00,500 --> 03:28:03,900
Fleeting in their Prime 
nobunaga's abrupt demise at the 

3873
03:28:03,900 --> 03:28:06,000
Apex of his might resonates as 
an epic. 

3874
03:28:06,000 --> 03:28:09,600
Tragic, flourish. 
Even as a new Japan, eventually 

3875
03:28:09,600 --> 03:28:12,700
dawned under different hands. 
The memory of the one who dared 

3876
03:28:12,700 --> 03:28:16,700
to break every mold to scorn 
archaic codes, and to forcibly 

3877
03:28:16,700 --> 03:28:19,400
shape, the realm remains an 
endless source of contemplation 

3878
03:28:19,400 --> 03:28:24,100
debate and creative inspiration.
Oda Nobunaga and a name that 

3879
03:28:24,100 --> 03:28:27,500
centuries later remains 
intertwined with the Unstoppable

3880
03:28:27,500 --> 03:28:31,600
drive to unify Land once 
splintered by War overshadowed, 

3881
03:28:31,600 --> 03:28:35,500
only by the final violent, twist
of fate, that gave rise to a 

3882
03:28:35,500 --> 03:28:38,000
legend beyond the measure of 
success or failure. 

3883
03:28:44,200 --> 03:28:47,300
During the summer of 1962 when 
Kennedy was the president in the

3884
03:28:47,300 --> 03:28:50,200
Beatles, were still unknown 
young men in Liverpool, three 

3885
03:28:50,200 --> 03:28:52,500
men. 
Each nursing dreams as vast as 

3886
03:28:52,500 --> 03:28:55,600
the Pacific that surrounded, 
their concrete cage, sat in the 

3887
03:28:55,600 --> 03:28:59,100
heart of America's most 
notorious prison Alcatraz 

3888
03:28:59,100 --> 03:29:01,700
Federal Penitentiary The Rock to
those. 

3889
03:29:01,700 --> 03:29:05,000
Who knew her intimately perched,
like a medieval fortress on her 

3890
03:29:05,000 --> 03:29:08,900
Island, Throne 228 Acres of 
hubris raped in federal 

3891
03:29:08,900 --> 03:29:13,200
Authority. 
Frank Morris, inmate as 1441 

3892
03:29:13,200 --> 03:29:17,300
possessed, the kind of mind that
could unravel a Rubik's cube 

3893
03:29:17,300 --> 03:29:19,900
blindfolded, if such puzzles had
existed. 

3894
03:29:19,900 --> 03:29:25,900
Then His IQ of 133, made him the
prisons unofficial genius, 

3895
03:29:25,900 --> 03:29:28,200
though. 
His criminal resumes suggested 

3896
03:29:28,200 --> 03:29:30,700
he'd been applying his 
considerable intellect all the 

3897
03:29:30,708 --> 03:29:33,600
wrong equations. 
Frank had collected felonies, 

3898
03:29:33,600 --> 03:29:37,000
such as bank robbery, car theft 
and armed robbery, similar to 

3899
03:29:37,000 --> 03:29:39,200
how other men collect baseball 
cards, and he did. 

3900
03:29:39,200 --> 03:29:42,500
So with about as much long-term 
planning, In the cell. 

3901
03:29:42,500 --> 03:29:45,200
Next to Frank's Metropolitan 
headquarters, sat John Anglin, 

3902
03:29:45,200 --> 03:29:50,100
as 1476 a man whose Southern 
drawl could charm honey from a 

3903
03:29:50,100 --> 03:29:53,300
hive, but whose Sticky Fingers 
had landed him in more trouble 

3904
03:29:53,300 --> 03:29:56,600
than a cat in a yarn Factory. 
John and his brother Clarence 

3905
03:29:56,600 --> 03:29:58,900
had been robbing banks. 
Since they were old enough to 

3906
03:29:58,900 --> 03:30:01,400
reach the telur Windows though 
their methods lack, the 

3907
03:30:01,400 --> 03:30:03,900
sophisticated planning that 
Frank brought to his Endeavors. 

3908
03:30:03,900 --> 03:30:06,600
They were the kind of criminals 
who robbed a bank and then 

3909
03:30:06,600 --> 03:30:08,000
stopped for ice cream on the way
home. 

3910
03:30:08,000 --> 03:30:10,700
Not realizing that mint 
chocolate chip doesn't provide 

3911
03:30:10,700 --> 03:30:15,500
much of an alibi. 
Clarence Anglin as 1485 

3912
03:30:15,500 --> 03:30:18,000
completed, this Unholy Trio of 
criminals. 

3913
03:30:18,700 --> 03:30:21,800
If John was the charmer and 
Frank was the brain, Clarence 

3914
03:30:21,800 --> 03:30:24,700
was the Steady Hand, the man who
could keep his cool when the 

3915
03:30:24,708 --> 03:30:26,300
heat was on and the law was 
closing in. 

3916
03:30:27,200 --> 03:30:30,400
Together, the three had 
accumulated enough time Behind 

3917
03:30:30,400 --> 03:30:33,800
Bars to span several geological.
Epochs their sentences 

3918
03:30:33,800 --> 03:30:36,900
stretching into a future where 
flying cars and moon colonies, 

3919
03:30:36,900 --> 03:30:38,700
seemed more plausible than 
parole. 

3920
03:30:39,300 --> 03:30:41,400
The Rock had earned her 
reputation through careful 

3921
03:30:41,400 --> 03:30:45,800
cultivation of despair. 
Alcatraz surrounded by Waters so

3922
03:30:45,800 --> 03:30:47,400
cold. 
They could freeze a man's Soul 

3923
03:30:47,400 --> 03:30:50,400
before his body. 
Hit the bay was designed by men 

3924
03:30:50,400 --> 03:30:53,300
who understood that sometimes 
the most effective prison bars 

3925
03:30:53,300 --> 03:30:54,900
are made of saltwater and 
hyperthermia. 

3926
03:30:55,900 --> 03:30:58,000
Swift and unforgiving currents 
around the island. 

3927
03:30:58,000 --> 03:31:00,800
Carried the dreams of wood would
be escapes towards the Golden 

3928
03:31:00,800 --> 03:31:03,400
Gate Bridge. 
And towards the sea Warden Olin 

3929
03:31:03,400 --> 03:31:05,500
Blackwell, ran the prison with 
the Precision of a Swiss 

3930
03:31:05,500 --> 03:31:08,100
timepiece in the warmth of a 
January morning, in Siberia. 

3931
03:31:08,100 --> 03:31:11,700
He'd inherited Alcatraz from his
predecessor like a family curse.

3932
03:31:11,700 --> 03:31:15,400
This description includes the 
mythology of impregnat and lists

3933
03:31:15,400 --> 03:31:20,100
of America's most creative 
criminals Under his watch 23 men

3934
03:31:20,100 --> 03:31:23,900
had attempted to escape in 14. 
Separate trees, all had been 

3935
03:31:23,900 --> 03:31:28,800
recaptured shot or drowned, a 
track record that would make any

3936
03:31:28,800 --> 03:31:32,400
Warden proud and any inmate 
thoughtful, the daily routine at

3937
03:31:32,400 --> 03:31:35,100
Alcatraz followed a rhythm as 
predictable as a metronome. 

3938
03:31:35,900 --> 03:31:39,100
Wake at 6:30 to the sound of a 
bell that had been imported from

3939
03:31:39,100 --> 03:31:43,400
a defunct Monastery to add a 
touch of ironic spirituality to 

3940
03:31:43,400 --> 03:31:46,000
the proceedings. 
The kitchen staff prepared. 

3941
03:31:46,000 --> 03:31:50,000
Breakfast leaving no room for 
weapons tools or hope the meals 

3942
03:31:50,000 --> 03:31:52,200
were nutritionally adequate and 
gastronomically. 

3943
03:31:52,200 --> 03:31:55,500
Devastating a combination that 
seemed designed to break the 

3944
03:31:55,500 --> 03:31:57,800
spirit while preserving the body
for future punishment. 

3945
03:31:58,600 --> 03:32:01,600
Work assignments, varied from 
the mundane to the mind-numbing.

3946
03:32:02,300 --> 03:32:05,100
some inmates worked in the 
prison laundry where they could 

3947
03:32:05,100 --> 03:32:07,200
contemplate the cleanliness, 
they were providing to the 

3948
03:32:07,208 --> 03:32:10,100
outside world while wearing 
uniforms that made them look 

3949
03:32:10,100 --> 03:32:13,700
like extras in a particularly 
Grim musical others worked in 

3950
03:32:13,700 --> 03:32:16,400
the kitchen, where they learned 
to create meals, that would make

3951
03:32:16,400 --> 03:32:20,200
a medieval peasant grateful for 
gruel The most fortunate were 

3952
03:32:20,200 --> 03:32:22,700
employed in the prison Library 
where they could immersed 

3953
03:32:22,700 --> 03:32:25,500
himself in Tales of locations, 
where the walls remained, free 

3954
03:32:25,500 --> 03:32:27,600
of condensation. 
And the seed did not talk them 

3955
03:32:27,600 --> 03:32:30,700
with its close proximity. 
But it was in the industrial 

3956
03:32:30,700 --> 03:32:33,200
Workshop that are three 
protagonists found themselves. 

3957
03:32:33,200 --> 03:32:36,700
Assigned surrounded by tools, 
that were counted more carefully

3958
03:32:36,700 --> 03:32:38,100
than votes in a contested 
election. 

3959
03:32:39,200 --> 03:32:41,900
Amid the center of machine oil 
and the rhythm of industrial 

3960
03:32:41,900 --> 03:32:44,200
equipment. 
Frank Morris began to notice 

3961
03:32:44,200 --> 03:32:48,100
details Frank Morris observed, 
the gradual settling of the 

3962
03:32:48,100 --> 03:32:49,700
concrete walls, over the 
decades. 

3963
03:32:50,700 --> 03:32:53,800
Patterns of condensation, 
suggested different densities in

3964
03:32:53,800 --> 03:32:56,500
the construction. 
Materials, The sound traveled 

3965
03:32:56,500 --> 03:32:58,900
through the ventilation system 
like whispered secrets. 

3966
03:32:59,800 --> 03:33:02,300
Every evening as the sun 
painted, the bay and shades of 

3967
03:33:02,308 --> 03:33:05,200
Freedom, the three men would 
return to their cells. 

3968
03:33:05,200 --> 03:33:08,800
Six feet by nine feet of 
government-issued Solitude. 

3969
03:33:09,800 --> 03:33:12,700
But while their bodies were 
confined, their minds began to 

3970
03:33:12,700 --> 03:33:15,300
wander down paths, that would 
have made who Deanie himself, 

3971
03:33:15,300 --> 03:33:19,400
Nord with approval. they started
to see Alcatraz, not as an 

3972
03:33:19,400 --> 03:33:22,500
impregnable Fortress, but as a 
very, elaborate puzzle waiting 

3973
03:33:22,500 --> 03:33:26,800
to be sold, As the darkness in 
their cells grew and the fog 

3974
03:33:26,800 --> 03:33:29,100
rolled in from the Pacific like 
a protective blanket. 

3975
03:33:29,100 --> 03:33:32,600
Three men began to dream of a 
Mourning when they would awake 

3976
03:33:32,600 --> 03:33:35,700
in a different place Ventura 
arrived at Alcatraz like an 

3977
03:33:35,700 --> 03:33:39,200
unwelcome relative settling in 
for a long stay and making 

3978
03:33:39,200 --> 03:33:41,200
everyone miserable with its 
presents. 

3979
03:33:41,200 --> 03:33:45,700
The fog grew thicker, the winds 
intensified and the concrete 

3980
03:33:45,700 --> 03:33:49,000
walls appear to radiate despair.
It was during these gray months,

3981
03:33:49,000 --> 03:33:52,000
that Frank Morris began to study
the prison with the dedication 

3982
03:33:52,000 --> 03:33:55,300
of a doctoral candidate whose 
thesis was titled, creative 

3983
03:33:55,300 --> 03:33:57,100
applications of Structural 
Engineering. 

3984
03:33:58,300 --> 03:34:01,400
The beauty of Frank's mind, lay 
not in its criminal applications

3985
03:34:01,400 --> 03:34:03,100
though, those had been 
impressive in their own 

3986
03:34:03,100 --> 03:34:07,000
misguided way but in its ability
to see patterns where others saw

3987
03:34:07,000 --> 03:34:09,600
only chaos. 
While his fellow inmates, 

3988
03:34:09,600 --> 03:34:12,900
counted days until release dates
that existed only in their most 

3989
03:34:12,900 --> 03:34:16,500
optimistic, fantasies Frank, 
counted rivets, measured shadows

3990
03:34:16,500 --> 03:34:19,600
and calculated the thermal 
expansion of Aging concrete. 

3991
03:34:20,600 --> 03:34:23,100
The Revelation came to him 
during a, particularly tedious 

3992
03:34:23,100 --> 03:34:25,900
afternoon in the workshop. 
While he was assigned to repair 

3993
03:34:25,900 --> 03:34:28,300
a ventilation great that had 
been damaged by the previous 

3994
03:34:28,300 --> 03:34:32,100
winter storms, as he worked, 
Frank noticed that the concrete 

3995
03:34:32,100 --> 03:34:35,600
around the vent developed small 
cracks hairline, fractures that 

3996
03:34:35,600 --> 03:34:38,200
spoke of a building settling 
into middle age. 

3997
03:34:38,200 --> 03:34:41,800
The Salt Air had been working at
slow chemistry on the structure 

3998
03:34:41,800 --> 03:34:45,300
for decades and even the mighty 
Alcatraz was not immune to the 

3999
03:34:45,300 --> 03:34:48,800
patient Persistence of time. 
That evening, as the lights 

4000
03:34:48,800 --> 03:34:51,900
dimmed, and the prison settled 
in to its nightly routine of 

4001
03:34:51,900 --> 03:34:55,300
enforced, contemplation, Frank 
shared his observations, with 

4002
03:34:55,300 --> 03:34:58,500
the Anglin Brothers, their cell 
Block, B Block had been 

4003
03:34:58,500 --> 03:35:02,200
constructed in the 1910s, when 
concrete was more an art than a 

4004
03:35:02,200 --> 03:35:04,900
science and building codes were 
suggestions, rather than 

4005
03:35:04,900 --> 03:35:07,900
Commandments the walls, that 
held them with thick enough to 

4006
03:35:07,908 --> 03:35:11,400
contain their bodies, but Frank 
suspected, not necessarily their

4007
03:35:11,400 --> 03:35:15,100
Ingenuity, John Anglin, despite 
his reputation for impulsive 

4008
03:35:15,100 --> 03:35:18,300
decision-making, possessed, a 
Craftsman's, understanding of 

4009
03:35:18,300 --> 03:35:22,100
tools and materials years of 
breaking into places, had taught

4010
03:35:22,100 --> 03:35:25,400
him to read the language of 
locks hinges and structural weak

4011
03:35:25,400 --> 03:35:27,400
points. 
When Frank described the 

4012
03:35:27,408 --> 03:35:30,900
condition of the concrete around
the ventilation systems, John's 

4013
03:35:30,900 --> 03:35:32,900
eyes lit up with the kind of 
enthusiasm. 

4014
03:35:32,900 --> 03:35:36,300
Usually reserved for surprising 
heritance is or unexpected. 

4015
03:35:36,300 --> 03:35:39,800
Pardons Clarence. 
Brought a different skill set to

4016
03:35:39,800 --> 03:35:42,500
their growing conspiracy. 
His years of incarceration. 

4017
03:35:42,500 --> 03:35:44,400
Had taught him The rhythms of 
prison life. 

4018
03:35:44,400 --> 03:35:48,000
When guards changed shifts which
routes the security, patrols, 

4019
03:35:48,000 --> 03:35:50,600
followed, and how to move 
through the institutional 

4020
03:35:50,600 --> 03:35:52,400
routine without attracting 
attention. 

4021
03:35:53,400 --> 03:35:56,000
If Frank acted as the architect 
and John as the engineer 

4022
03:35:56,000 --> 03:35:58,500
Clarence took on the role of the
choreographer. 

4023
03:35:58,500 --> 03:36:01,000
In their Evermore, intricate 
Dance With Disaster. 

4024
03:36:01,800 --> 03:36:03,900
The plan began to take shape 
during their evening 

4025
03:36:03,900 --> 03:36:07,000
conversations whispered through 
the ventilation system that 

4026
03:36:07,000 --> 03:36:09,400
connected their cells Like A 
Primitive telephone Network. 

4027
03:36:10,500 --> 03:36:13,200
They would begin by widening. 
The ventilation greats in their 

4028
03:36:13,200 --> 03:36:16,900
individual cells, not enough to 
escape immediately, but enough 

4029
03:36:16,900 --> 03:36:19,100
to create passage to the utility
Corridor. 

4030
03:36:19,100 --> 03:36:22,400
That ran by the cell block. 
From there, they could access 

4031
03:36:22,400 --> 03:36:25,400
the roof and theoretically find 
a way to reach the water. 

4032
03:36:26,500 --> 03:36:29,000
The word theoretically held 
significant weight in their 

4033
03:36:29,000 --> 03:36:32,700
discussion, the distance from 
Alcatraz to Angel Island was 

4034
03:36:32,700 --> 03:36:35,600
about two miles of water, that 
had more experienced swimmers 

4035
03:36:35,600 --> 03:36:38,000
than any of them. 
The currents were unpredictable,

4036
03:36:38,000 --> 03:36:42,100
the water temperature, rarely 
Rose above 55 degrees and the 

4037
03:36:42,100 --> 03:36:44,300
Coast Guard maintained regular 
patrols specifically to 

4038
03:36:44,300 --> 03:36:46,100
discourage the kind of Maritime 
Adventure. 

4039
03:36:46,100 --> 03:36:49,400
They were contemplating But 
Frank had been studying the 

4040
03:36:49,400 --> 03:36:51,800
tides and currents with the 
dedication of a marine 

4041
03:36:51,800 --> 03:36:54,400
biologist. 
He'd noticed that during certain

4042
03:36:54,400 --> 03:36:57,900
tidal conditions debris from the
prison would wash up on Angel. 

4043
03:36:59,000 --> 03:37:00,400
They set out to reach the 
island. 

4044
03:37:00,400 --> 03:37:02,600
Determine not to let the sea 
sweep them away. 

4045
03:37:02,600 --> 03:37:06,400
If they could time their escape 
properly, the same current that 

4046
03:37:06,400 --> 03:37:08,200
had doomed. 
Previous attempts might actually

4047
03:37:08,200 --> 03:37:10,700
carry them to safety. 
Frank had been modifying and 

4048
03:37:10,700 --> 03:37:13,000
hiding tools in the prison 
Workshop that could be used to 

4049
03:37:13,000 --> 03:37:16,500
chip away at the concrete, Frank
meticulously sharpened and 

4050
03:37:16,500 --> 03:37:19,600
hardened, the spoon handle Frank
had broken off a piece of the 

4051
03:37:19,608 --> 03:37:21,900
saw blade and concealed it in 
the soul of his shoe. 

4052
03:37:22,600 --> 03:37:25,700
Small tools that would do small 
work over a long time, the kind 

4053
03:37:25,708 --> 03:37:27,500
of patient progress that builds 
pyramids. 

4054
03:37:27,500 --> 03:37:30,500
And topples governments, the 
tools alone wouldn't be enough, 

4055
03:37:30,500 --> 03:37:33,400
they would need to conceal their
work from the daily, sell 

4056
03:37:33,400 --> 03:37:36,100
inspections which meant creating
dummy walls. 

4057
03:37:36,100 --> 03:37:38,300
That would hide the growing 
holes while appearing completely

4058
03:37:38,300 --> 03:37:42,000
normal to Casual observation. 
This required materials, that 

4059
03:37:42,000 --> 03:37:44,300
weren't exactly available 
through the prison commissary 

4060
03:37:44,300 --> 03:37:47,800
paint, that matched the cell 
walls cardboard, that could be 

4061
03:37:47,800 --> 03:37:51,200
shaped, and colored to look like
concrete and some way to hold it

4062
03:37:51,200 --> 03:37:54,400
all in place. 
John anglin's, artistic talents,

4063
03:37:54,400 --> 03:37:57,200
previously, applied only to 
forging signatures and 

4064
03:37:57,200 --> 03:37:59,700
identification. 
Documents would be put to more 

4065
03:37:59,700 --> 03:38:02,500
constructive use. 
He began experimenting with 

4066
03:38:02,500 --> 03:38:05,100
soap, paint chips, and hair 
clippings to create a mixture 

4067
03:38:05,100 --> 03:38:07,700
that could be molded into shape 
and painted to match the cell 

4068
03:38:07,700 --> 03:38:10,000
walls. 
The results wouldn't fall or 

4069
03:38:10,000 --> 03:38:11,900
details inspection but they 
might survive. 

4070
03:38:11,900 --> 03:38:14,200
The cursory glances that were 
part of the daily routine. 

4071
03:38:15,200 --> 03:38:18,200
Clarence had been mapping the 
guard schedules with the 

4072
03:38:18,200 --> 03:38:19,900
Precision of a railroad 
timetable. 

4073
03:38:20,500 --> 03:38:24,000
He, which guards were thorough, 
which were lazy and which were 

4074
03:38:24,000 --> 03:38:26,700
easily distracted by 
conversation about sports or 

4075
03:38:26,700 --> 03:38:30,000
whether more importantly, he'd 
identified, the 15 minute 

4076
03:38:30,000 --> 03:38:31,800
window. 
Each evening, when the cell 

4077
03:38:31,800 --> 03:38:34,400
block was essentially unguarded 
while the guards changed shifts 

4078
03:38:34,400 --> 03:38:37,500
and counted heads. 
As winter deepened into spring, 

4079
03:38:37,500 --> 03:38:40,700
their plan evolved from wishful 
thinking to genuine possibility,

4080
03:38:40,700 --> 03:38:44,400
they would work at night when 
the prison settling sounds would

4081
03:38:44,400 --> 03:38:47,300
cover the scraping. 
They would take turns keeping 

4082
03:38:47,300 --> 03:38:50,200
watch communicating through 
their improvised, telephone 

4083
03:38:50,200 --> 03:38:53,600
system, and carefully disposing 
of the concrete dust and debris.

4084
03:38:54,700 --> 03:38:57,700
The timeline was ambitious. 
They hoped to complete their 

4085
03:38:57,700 --> 03:39:00,800
excavation by early summer and 
the water temperatures would be 

4086
03:39:00,808 --> 03:39:03,600
at their warmest and the weather
most favorable for their aquatic

4087
03:39:03,600 --> 03:39:06,100
Adventure. 
But even as they refined their 

4088
03:39:06,108 --> 03:39:09,100
plans and gather their 
materials, each man understood 

4089
03:39:09,100 --> 03:39:11,900
that they were essentially 
planning and elaborate form of 

4090
03:39:11,900 --> 03:39:14,200
suicide with a slim chance of 
success. 

4091
03:39:15,100 --> 03:39:18,000
Yet somehow the impossibility of
their scheme, made it more 

4092
03:39:18,000 --> 03:39:21,700
appealing rather than less after
years of being told what to do 

4093
03:39:21,700 --> 03:39:25,000
when to wake up and what to eat 
planning, anything felt like a 

4094
03:39:25,008 --> 03:39:28,000
rebellion against the cosmic 
forces that had deposited them 

4095
03:39:28,000 --> 03:39:31,500
on this rock in the middle of 
the Bay Spring of 1962, brought 

4096
03:39:31,500 --> 03:39:33,900
New Hope to Alcatraz in the form
of fresh paint and 

4097
03:39:33,900 --> 03:39:37,300
administrative optimism. 
The Bureau of Prisons had 

4098
03:39:37,300 --> 03:39:39,500
decided that a little color 
might improve morale. 

4099
03:39:39,500 --> 03:39:42,800
Apparently operating under the 
theory that sage green Walls 

4100
03:39:42,800 --> 03:39:45,200
would somehow make Federal 
incarceration, more palatable 

4101
03:39:46,100 --> 03:39:48,800
While painters applied their 
cheerful coats of institutional 

4102
03:39:48,800 --> 03:39:51,900
Improvement three inmates had 
begun their renovation project 

4103
03:39:51,900 --> 03:39:54,500
working with tools that wouldn't
have impressed the most 

4104
03:39:54,500 --> 03:39:56,700
desperate Home Improvement 
enthusiast. 

4105
03:39:57,300 --> 03:40:01,000
Frank Morris had perfected the 
art of productive insomnia each 

4106
03:40:01,000 --> 03:40:05,700
night after the 9:30 lights out.
He would wait exactly 43 minutes

4107
03:40:05,700 --> 03:40:08,400
for the sounds of the prison to 
settle in to their nocturnal 

4108
03:40:08,400 --> 03:40:11,100
Rhythm. 
Then with the dedication of a 

4109
03:40:11,100 --> 03:40:14,000
medieval monk, Illuminating 
manuscripts, he would begin his 

4110
03:40:14,000 --> 03:40:15,900
careful destruction of federal 
property. 

4111
03:40:16,700 --> 03:40:19,500
The concrete around his cells 
ventilation, great had revealed 

4112
03:40:19,500 --> 03:40:22,700
itself to be surprisingly 
Cooperative crumbling away in 

4113
03:40:22,700 --> 03:40:25,700
small satisfying chunks on the 
persistent attention of his 

4114
03:40:25,700 --> 03:40:29,000
modified spoon handle. 
The work required, a level of 

4115
03:40:29,000 --> 03:40:31,100
patience, that would have 
challenged a Buddhist monk. 

4116
03:40:31,100 --> 03:40:34,500
Each scrap of the improvised 
chisel had to be gentled and 

4117
03:40:34,500 --> 03:40:37,000
enough to avoid detection but 
persistent enough to make 

4118
03:40:37,000 --> 03:40:40,200
progress, two aggressive and the
sound would carry through the 

4119
03:40:40,200 --> 03:40:43,300
cell block like a dinner bell. 
If you was too tentative, he 

4120
03:40:43,300 --> 03:40:45,700
would still be chipping away 
when the next ice age arrived. 

4121
03:40:46,400 --> 03:40:49,500
Frank developed, a rhythm, three
gentle scrapes, paused to 

4122
03:40:49,500 --> 03:40:52,700
listen, three more scrapes pause
to dispose of debris. 

4123
03:40:54,000 --> 03:40:57,200
It was meditation through 
demolition, a Zen approach to 

4124
03:40:57,200 --> 03:41:00,300
jailbreaking. 
John Anglin had discovered an 

4125
03:41:00,300 --> 03:41:03,700
unexpected talent for forgery 
that extended Beyond signatures 

4126
03:41:03,700 --> 03:41:06,900
and identification cards. 
His dummy ventilation great 

4127
03:41:06,900 --> 03:41:10,000
crafted from cardboard and 
painted with a mixture that 

4128
03:41:10,008 --> 03:41:12,400
included soap, shavings paint 
chips. 

4129
03:41:12,400 --> 03:41:14,200
And what he optimistically 
called? 

4130
03:41:14,200 --> 03:41:17,700
Artistic license was becoming a 
masterpiece of deceptive 

4131
03:41:17,700 --> 03:41:20,500
craftsmanship. 
The challenge wasn't just making

4132
03:41:20,500 --> 03:41:24,200
it look like concrete and metal.
It had to look like old concrete

4133
03:41:24,200 --> 03:41:27,700
and metal complete with the 
stains scratches and accumulated

4134
03:41:27,700 --> 03:41:31,300
Grime of Decades of neglect. 
The paint mixture had required 

4135
03:41:31,300 --> 03:41:34,300
considerable experimentation too
much soap. 

4136
03:41:34,300 --> 03:41:38,600
And it looked like what it was 
soap too little and it wouldn't 

4137
03:41:38,600 --> 03:41:40,100
hold together long enough to be 
useful. 

4138
03:41:41,200 --> 03:41:44,100
John had finally achieved the 
right consistency by adding hair

4139
03:41:44,100 --> 03:41:46,100
clippings. 
His own collected from monthly 

4140
03:41:46,100 --> 03:41:49,200
haircuts and Tiny fragments of 
concrete dust from Frank's 

4141
03:41:49,200 --> 03:41:52,000
excavation. 
The result was a substance that 

4142
03:41:52,000 --> 03:41:54,900
could be molded painted and 
positioned to fool. 

4143
03:41:54,900 --> 03:41:58,500
Anyone who was not looking to 
carefully, Clarence Anglin had 

4144
03:41:58,500 --> 03:42:01,100
appointed himself, the 
Expeditions intelligence officer

4145
03:42:01,100 --> 03:42:03,300
maintaining surveillance 
schedule, that would have 

4146
03:42:03,300 --> 03:42:06,900
impressed the CIA, he'd 
identified guard Paterson as 

4147
03:42:06,900 --> 03:42:10,000
their most dangerous threat, a 
man who approached sell 

4148
03:42:10,000 --> 03:42:12,300
inspections with the 
thoroughness of attacks auditor 

4149
03:42:12,300 --> 03:42:14,100
and the suspicion of a jealous 
husband. 

4150
03:42:15,500 --> 03:42:19,700
To some counted rivets checked 
shadows and once discovered a 

4151
03:42:19,700 --> 03:42:22,000
Contraband cigarette hidden 
inside a hollowed-out bar of 

4152
03:42:22,000 --> 03:42:25,300
soap if their deception was 
going to fail, Patterson would 

4153
03:42:25,300 --> 03:42:28,200
be the one to expose it. 
But even Patterson had 

4154
03:42:28,200 --> 03:42:31,800
weaknesses, he was diabetic and 
his blood sugar crashes, made 

4155
03:42:31,800 --> 03:42:35,400
him irritable and hurried during
evening inspections, he was also

4156
03:42:35,400 --> 03:42:38,300
a creature of habit following 
the same route through the cell 

4157
03:42:38,300 --> 03:42:42,200
block every night spending. 
Exactly 45 seconds in each cell 

4158
03:42:42,200 --> 03:42:44,800
before. 
Moving on, if they could predict

4159
03:42:44,800 --> 03:42:47,400
his timing and mood, they could 
ensure their dummy. 

4160
03:42:47,400 --> 03:42:50,100
Walls were in place when he 
looked and removed when they 

4161
03:42:50,108 --> 03:42:53,700
needed to work the disposal of 
excavated concrete presented, 

4162
03:42:53,700 --> 03:42:57,500
its challenges simply dumping, 
it would create suspicious piles

4163
03:42:57,500 --> 03:43:00,400
of debris that even the most 
inattentive guard would notice 

4164
03:43:01,200 --> 03:43:03,800
Instead they developed a 
distribution system, that would 

4165
03:43:03,800 --> 03:43:05,900
have him impressed. 
A drug cartel. 

4166
03:43:07,400 --> 03:43:09,900
They make small amounts of 
concrete dust with soap and 

4167
03:43:09,900 --> 03:43:12,600
washed it down the drains during
their evening washing routine. 

4168
03:43:12,600 --> 03:43:16,100
They concealed larger chunks in 
the seams of their mattresses 

4169
03:43:16,100 --> 03:43:19,300
Distributing them so gradually 
that the changes in wait and 

4170
03:43:19,300 --> 03:43:22,800
texture undetectable They 
scattered some in the workshop, 

4171
03:43:22,800 --> 03:43:25,200
allowing it to blend with the 
dust and debris of daily 

4172
03:43:25,200 --> 03:43:28,500
industrial activity. 
They'd recruited Alan West. 

4173
03:43:28,500 --> 03:43:32,000
Another inmate, whose cells 
adjacent to their operation. 

4174
03:43:32,000 --> 03:43:36,100
As both a lookout and a 
participant West cell required. 

4175
03:43:36,100 --> 03:43:38,800
The same treatment as the others
and his Escape would help 

4176
03:43:38,800 --> 03:43:40,400
provide cover for the main 
operation. 

4177
03:43:40,400 --> 03:43:44,000
However, West brought a level of
enthusiasm, that sometimes 

4178
03:43:44,000 --> 03:43:47,400
exceeded his competence while 
Frank approached the work with 

4179
03:43:47,400 --> 03:43:50,300
surgical precision and the 
Anglin Brothers, contributed 

4180
03:43:50,300 --> 03:43:53,500
their specialized skills. 
West attacked, his concrete with

4181
03:43:53,500 --> 03:43:55,000
the subtlety of a demolition 
crew. 

4182
03:43:55,700 --> 03:43:59,500
West scraping was audible from 
three cells away and his Moc 

4183
03:43:59,500 --> 03:44:01,200
wall resembled. 
Something a child might 

4184
03:44:01,200 --> 03:44:03,800
construct during a particularly 
unsuccessful art project. 

4185
03:44:04,800 --> 03:44:07,400
The work progressed through 
spring with the slow but steady 

4186
03:44:07,400 --> 03:44:11,500
pace of erosion, carving 
Canyon's by Mae, Frank had 

4187
03:44:11,500 --> 03:44:14,500
created an opening large enough 
to squeeze through, though, he 

4188
03:44:14,508 --> 03:44:17,400
tested it, only with careful 
measurements rather than actual 

4189
03:44:17,400 --> 03:44:20,300
human trials. 
The Anglin Brothers had achieved

4190
03:44:20,300 --> 03:44:23,100
similar progress though. 
John's perfectionist, tendency 

4191
03:44:23,100 --> 03:44:24,900
is meant. 
He spent almost as much time, 

4192
03:44:24,900 --> 03:44:27,500
improving his dummy. 
Wall as he did in large in his 

4193
03:44:27,508 --> 03:44:30,400
opening. 
The psychological toll of the 

4194
03:44:30,400 --> 03:44:33,800
work was as challenging as the 
physical demands each night, 

4195
03:44:33,800 --> 03:44:36,400
brought the possibility of 
Discovery and each morning, 

4196
03:44:36,400 --> 03:44:38,900
required them to resume their 
roles as model prisoners. 

4197
03:44:38,900 --> 03:44:42,400
While concealing their growing 
excessive excitement and 

4198
03:44:42,400 --> 03:44:44,500
anxiety. 
They had to maintain their 

4199
03:44:44,500 --> 03:44:48,200
routine participated in work. 
Assignments and interact with 

4200
03:44:48,200 --> 03:44:51,400
guards and fellow inmates as if 
there are only concerns with a 

4201
03:44:51,400 --> 03:44:54,900
quality of the evening meal and 
the possibility of mail call. 

4202
03:44:55,900 --> 03:44:59,300
Frank found himself studying the
guards with new intensity, not 

4203
03:44:59,300 --> 03:45:02,600
just for security purposes but 
to understand how normal people 

4204
03:45:02,600 --> 03:45:04,900
behaved when they weren't 
planning impossible. 

4205
03:45:04,900 --> 03:45:08,400
Escapes, God Morrison had a 
habit of humming as he made his 

4206
03:45:08,400 --> 03:45:10,800
rounds. 
God Peterson had a habit of 

4207
03:45:10,808 --> 03:45:13,600
pausing at specific cells, to 
engaging conversation with the 

4208
03:45:13,600 --> 03:45:17,000
inmates, he held a particular 
dislike for guard columns 

4209
03:45:17,000 --> 03:45:19,800
developed a nervous habit of 
jingling his keys when every 

4210
03:45:19,800 --> 03:45:23,000
felt anxious about something, 
these details would be crucial 

4211
03:45:23,000 --> 03:45:25,500
when the time came to move 
through the prison and detected 

4212
03:45:26,400 --> 03:45:28,600
The weather had begun to 
cooperate with their plans. 

4213
03:45:28,600 --> 03:45:31,900
The fog that rolled in each 
evening, provided natural cover,

4214
03:45:31,900 --> 03:45:34,800
and the spring tides were 
creating current patterns that 

4215
03:45:34,800 --> 03:45:37,600
might actually help rather than 
hinder, their water Escape. 

4216
03:45:38,800 --> 03:45:41,600
Frank had been studying the 
movements of debris and seaweed 

4217
03:45:41,600 --> 03:45:45,100
noting, which pieces ended up on
Angel Island and which 

4218
03:45:45,100 --> 03:45:48,600
disappeared into the Pacific. 
Their window of opportunity was 

4219
03:45:48,600 --> 03:45:51,000
approaching. 
But so was the increase risk 

4220
03:45:51,000 --> 03:45:53,500
that came with each passing day 
of their secret construction 

4221
03:45:53,500 --> 03:45:56,500
project. 
As May progressed toward June 

4222
03:45:56,500 --> 03:45:59,900
three, men, continued their 
nightly routine of carefully 

4223
03:45:59,900 --> 03:46:03,200
destroying their prison cells 
while maintaining the facade of 

4224
03:46:03,200 --> 03:46:06,300
resigned exceptions. 
They had committed themselves to

4225
03:46:06,300 --> 03:46:10,300
a plan that required perfect 
timing, Flawless execution, and 

4226
03:46:10,300 --> 03:46:14,100
a considerable amount of luck. 
The alternative spending the 

4227
03:46:14,100 --> 03:46:17,200
remainder of their lives and 6 
by 9 foot concrete boxes 

4228
03:46:17,200 --> 03:46:20,200
provided all the motivation, 
they needed to continue their 

4229
03:46:20,200 --> 03:46:23,600
invisible demolition project, 
June arrived at Alcatraz with 

4230
03:46:23,600 --> 03:46:27,600
unusual warmth as if the Pacific
had decided to offer a brief 

4231
03:46:27,600 --> 03:46:30,600
respite from its customary, 
indifference to human comfort. 

4232
03:46:31,300 --> 03:46:34,100
The unseasonably Pleasant 
weather felt like a cosmic wink 

4233
03:46:34,100 --> 03:46:36,200
to three men who had been 
planning their departure for 

4234
03:46:36,200 --> 03:46:38,400
months though. 
They maintained the prison's 

4235
03:46:38,400 --> 03:46:40,800
routine with the dedication of 
method actors preparing for the 

4236
03:46:40,808 --> 03:46:44,100
performance of their lives. 
Frank Morris had discovered that

4237
03:46:44,100 --> 03:46:47,500
escaping from Alcatraz required 
skills, not typically taught in 

4238
03:46:47,500 --> 03:46:50,800
criminal Enterprise's. 
Take navigation as an example. 

4239
03:46:51,600 --> 03:46:54,000
The waters around the island 
moved with currents that 

4240
03:46:54,000 --> 03:46:57,700
followed patterns more complex 
than Advanced calculus a 

4241
03:46:57,700 --> 03:47:00,100
miscalculating. 
Their timing could result in a 

4242
03:47:00,108 --> 03:47:03,400
one-way trip to the fur on 
Islands or more likely the 

4243
03:47:03,400 --> 03:47:06,600
bottom of the Bay. 
Frank had been studying the 

4244
03:47:06,600 --> 03:47:09,300
movement of everything from 
seagull formations to sandwich 

4245
03:47:09,300 --> 03:47:12,900
wrappers thrown overboard by the
weekly supply boat building a 

4246
03:47:12,900 --> 03:47:16,300
mental map of how the water 
moved and when The Breakthrough 

4247
03:47:16,300 --> 03:47:19,200
came when he noticed that prison
garbage thrown into the bay 

4248
03:47:19,200 --> 03:47:22,200
during certain tidal, conditions
would wash up on Angel Island 

4249
03:47:22,200 --> 03:47:24,900
within hours. 
If they could time their escape 

4250
03:47:24,900 --> 03:47:27,700
to coincide with those same 
conditions, the treacherous 

4251
03:47:27,700 --> 03:47:29,900
currents that are doomed. 
Previous attempts might actually

4252
03:47:29,900 --> 03:47:32,600
carry them to safety. 
It was a theory that sounded 

4253
03:47:32,600 --> 03:47:35,900
plausible in whispered, sell bot
conversations but would require 

4254
03:47:35,900 --> 03:47:38,000
testing their hypothesis with 
their lives. 

4255
03:47:38,700 --> 03:47:41,400
John Anglin had been perfecting 
what he called, the Great 

4256
03:47:41,400 --> 03:47:43,800
deception, a collection of 
dummy. 

4257
03:47:43,800 --> 03:47:46,200
Heads that would occupy their 
beds during The crucial hours 

4258
03:47:46,200 --> 03:47:47,800
when guards conducted night 
counts. 

4259
03:47:48,400 --> 03:47:52,200
Using a mixture of soap, toilet 
paper, paint and hair collected 

4260
03:47:52,200 --> 03:47:53,500
from the prison. 
Barber Shop floor. 

4261
03:47:53,500 --> 03:47:57,100
John had created sculptures that
bore a reasonable resemblance to

4262
03:47:57,100 --> 03:47:59,600
sleeping inmates. 
Assuming the guards didn't look 

4263
03:47:59,600 --> 03:48:02,800
too closely and the lighting 
remained appropriately dim. 

4264
03:48:03,800 --> 03:48:06,100
The heads will work with 
inspired improvisation. 

4265
03:48:06,900 --> 03:48:10,200
John used real hair, which he 
carefully arranged to match the 

4266
03:48:10,200 --> 03:48:12,000
individual hairstyles of the 
sculptures. 

4267
03:48:12,000 --> 03:48:15,900
The features were molded from 
soap painted with pigments, 

4268
03:48:15,900 --> 03:48:19,500
extracted from magazine pages 
and mixed with substances that 

4269
03:48:19,500 --> 03:48:21,400
John preferred not to identify 
two. 

4270
03:48:21,400 --> 03:48:24,400
Specifically, the ears were 
particularly challenging 

4271
03:48:24,400 --> 03:48:27,800
apparently creating believable 
as from soap, required an 

4272
03:48:27,800 --> 03:48:30,600
artistic sensibility that John 
had never previously applied to 

4273
03:48:30,600 --> 03:48:33,000
anything more ambitious than 
forging signatures. 

4274
03:48:33,900 --> 03:48:36,700
Clearance angling had graduated 
from intelligence gathering to 

4275
03:48:36,700 --> 03:48:40,100
operational planning. 
He'd identified, the exact route

4276
03:48:40,100 --> 03:48:43,500
they would take from their cells
to the roof through the utility 

4277
03:48:43,500 --> 03:48:46,500
Corridor behind the cell block 
upper ventilation shaft that led

4278
03:48:46,500 --> 03:48:48,800
to the roof. 
And then across the prison roof,

4279
03:48:48,800 --> 03:48:51,100
top to a point where they could 
descend to the water without 

4280
03:48:51,100 --> 03:48:52,500
being seen from the guard 
towers. 

4281
03:48:52,500 --> 03:48:55,500
The journey would require them 
to navigate and complete 

4282
03:48:55,500 --> 03:48:57,900
darkness through spaces that 
were barely large enough. 

4283
03:48:57,900 --> 03:49:00,600
For human. 
Passage carrying equipment that 

4284
03:49:00,600 --> 03:49:03,800
couldn't be left behind, Alan 
West had become their weakling 

4285
03:49:03,800 --> 03:49:05,900
in ways that were both 
predictable and frustrating. 

4286
03:49:05,900 --> 03:49:08,900
While the other three had been 
methodically preparing for every

4287
03:49:08,900 --> 03:49:11,600
aspect of their escape West had 
been treating the project like 

4288
03:49:11,600 --> 03:49:14,100
an extended hobby rather than a 
life or death endeavor. 

4289
03:49:14,700 --> 03:49:18,000
His concrete removal had been 
inconsistent, his dummy wall was

4290
03:49:18,000 --> 03:49:21,100
unconvincing and his security 
awareness was approximately 

4291
03:49:21,100 --> 03:49:23,700
equivalent to that of a tourist 
taking photos at a military 

4292
03:49:23,700 --> 03:49:26,500
installation. 
The tools and materials for 

4293
03:49:26,500 --> 03:49:28,600
their water Escape had been 
accumulated through a 

4294
03:49:28,600 --> 03:49:33,000
combination of theft creativity 
and what Frank called adaptive 

4295
03:49:33,000 --> 03:49:36,600
resource acquisition. 
Prison raincoats had been sown 

4296
03:49:36,600 --> 03:49:40,000
together to create a makeshift 
raft and life preservers it, 

4297
03:49:40,000 --> 03:49:41,600
sewed. 
The raft together, using thread 

4298
03:49:41,600 --> 03:49:44,400
from prison clothing and 
needles, fashioned from a metal 

4299
03:49:44,400 --> 03:49:47,600
scraps found in the workshop. 
The result looked like something

4300
03:49:47,600 --> 03:49:50,300
that might have been rejected by
a, particularly undemanding 

4301
03:49:50,300 --> 03:49:52,800
Coast Guard inspection. 
But it would hopefully provide 

4302
03:49:52,800 --> 03:49:55,500
enough buoyancy to keep them 
alive until they reached land. 

4303
03:49:56,400 --> 03:49:58,800
Paddles had been carved from 
wooden pieces, found in the 

4304
03:49:58,800 --> 03:50:01,100
workshop shaped and smooth 
during lunch breaks. 

4305
03:50:01,100 --> 03:50:04,500
And Stolen Moments, When guards 
were distracted, the paddles 

4306
03:50:04,500 --> 03:50:07,000
were crude but functional 
assuming they didn't encounter 

4307
03:50:07,000 --> 03:50:09,300
waves larger than those found in
an average bathtub. 

4308
03:50:10,500 --> 03:50:12,500
Frank had calculated that they 
would need to cover 

4309
03:50:12,500 --> 03:50:16,100
approximately two miles of Open 
Water, probably in fog, while 

4310
03:50:16,100 --> 03:50:18,500
being sought by every law 
enforcement agency in Northern 

4311
03:50:18,500 --> 03:50:21,500
California, the Escape timeline 
had been planned with the 

4312
03:50:21,500 --> 03:50:23,700
Precision of a military 
operation though, with 

4313
03:50:23,700 --> 03:50:25,400
significantly less reliable 
equipment. 

4314
03:50:26,500 --> 03:50:30,300
They would begin their departure
at 9:45 p.m. 15 minutes after 

4315
03:50:30,300 --> 03:50:33,200
light's out when the cell blocks
settled in to its evening 

4316
03:50:33,200 --> 03:50:35,400
routine. 
The dummy heads would be 

4317
03:50:35,400 --> 03:50:38,300
positioned in their beds, the 
fake walls would be put in place

4318
03:50:38,300 --> 03:50:41,000
behind their ventilation greats 
and they would begin their 

4319
03:50:41,000 --> 03:50:43,000
Journey Through the utility 
corridor. 

4320
03:50:44,100 --> 03:50:46,700
The climb to the roof would be 
the most dangerous part of their

4321
03:50:46,700 --> 03:50:50,100
internal navigation. 
The ventilation shaft was barely

4322
03:50:50,100 --> 03:50:53,300
wide enough, for human passage 
and any noise during the ascent 

4323
03:50:53,300 --> 03:50:55,000
could alert guards to their 
escape attempt. 

4324
03:50:55,000 --> 03:50:57,900
They would have to climb 
approximately 30 feet in 

4325
03:50:57,900 --> 03:51:01,600
complete darkness, carrying 
their makeshift equipment while 

4326
03:51:01,600 --> 03:51:06,200
remaining absolutely silent. 
Frank had rehearsed the climb in

4327
03:51:06,200 --> 03:51:08,300
previous reconnaissance 
missions, but the actual 

4328
03:51:08,300 --> 03:51:10,500
performance was a completely 
different matter. 

4329
03:51:10,500 --> 03:51:13,800
Once on the roof, they would 
have to cross approximately 60 

4330
03:51:13,800 --> 03:51:15,600
yards of open space to reach 
their descent Point. 

4331
03:51:15,600 --> 03:51:18,700
Moving carefully to avoid being 
seen by guards in the towers. 

4332
03:51:19,600 --> 03:51:21,900
The guard towers had 
searchlights that swept. 

4333
03:51:21,900 --> 03:51:25,000
The prison grounds on irregular 
schedules and being caught in. 

4334
03:51:25,000 --> 03:51:27,600
One of those beams would end 
their escape attempt in a hail 

4335
03:51:27,600 --> 03:51:29,300
of gunfire and official 
disappointment. 

4336
03:51:30,400 --> 03:51:33,000
The Descent to the water would 
require them to climb down the 

4337
03:51:33,000 --> 03:51:35,600
outside of the prison building 
using makeshift ropes created 

4338
03:51:35,600 --> 03:51:38,900
from sheets and towels, stolen 
from the laundry, the drop was 

4339
03:51:38,900 --> 03:51:41,600
approximately 50 feet and the 
improvised climbing equipment 

4340
03:51:41,600 --> 03:51:43,900
would have to support their 
weight, plus the weight of their

4341
03:51:43,900 --> 03:51:46,600
escape materials. 
Frank had tested the Rope 

4342
03:51:46,600 --> 03:51:48,800
strength using methods. 
He preferred not to describe in 

4343
03:51:48,808 --> 03:51:53,200
detail but the results had been 
marginally encouraging as June 

4344
03:51:53,200 --> 03:51:56,100
progressed, their preparations 
entered, the Final Phase. 

4345
03:51:56,100 --> 03:52:00,000
The concrete removal was 
essentially complete but West 

4346
03:52:00,000 --> 03:52:02,000
continued to struggle with 
opening his act. 

4347
03:52:03,000 --> 03:52:05,300
The dummy heads were ready for 
their theatrical debut. 

4348
03:52:05,300 --> 03:52:08,300
The Escape equipment was as 
prepared as prison resources 

4349
03:52:08,300 --> 03:52:11,500
would allow where the conditions
were favorable with fog, 

4350
03:52:11,500 --> 03:52:13,800
predicted for the evening, their
chosen, for their departure. 

4351
03:52:13,800 --> 03:52:17,800
But perhaps, most importantly, 
three men had committed 

4352
03:52:17,800 --> 03:52:20,700
themselves psychologically to an
undertaking that required them 

4353
03:52:20,700 --> 03:52:23,700
to bet their lives on the 
accuracy of their planning and 

4354
03:52:23,700 --> 03:52:25,600
the reliability of their 
improvised equipment. 

4355
03:52:26,500 --> 03:52:28,700
They'd reach the point where 
backing down was no longer 

4356
03:52:28,700 --> 03:52:31,800
possible, not because of 
external pressure, but because 

4357
03:52:31,800 --> 03:52:34,700
they had convinced themselves 
that freedom was worth the 

4358
03:52:34,700 --> 03:52:38,100
considerable risk of death. 
The date was set. 

4359
03:52:38,100 --> 03:52:42,400
June 11th 1962 in less than 48 
hours. 

4360
03:52:42,400 --> 03:52:44,600
They would discover whether 
months of planning and 

4361
03:52:44,600 --> 03:52:48,500
preparation had created a viable
escape plan or an elaborate form

4362
03:52:48,500 --> 03:52:51,400
of suicide. 
The Pacific Ocean would render 

4363
03:52:51,400 --> 03:52:54,900
its verdict with the finality 
that only nature can provide the

4364
03:52:54,900 --> 03:52:57,900
morning, sun painted, San 
Francisco Bay in shades of gold 

4365
03:52:57,900 --> 03:53:00,800
and promise. 
While inside Alcatraz three men 

4366
03:53:00,800 --> 03:53:03,600
moved through their daily 
routines with the focused calm 

4367
03:53:03,600 --> 03:53:06,800
of actors preparing for opening 
night each Monday night 

4368
03:53:06,800 --> 03:53:08,700
activity. 
Greek first work. 

4369
03:53:08,700 --> 03:53:12,400
Detail afternoon, Recreation 
carried the weight of finality 

4370
03:53:12,400 --> 03:53:16,200
as if they were participating in
a farewell tour of institutional

4371
03:53:16,200 --> 03:53:19,500
life, Frank Morris spent the 
morning in the workshop with 

4372
03:53:19,500 --> 03:53:22,500
unusual attention to his 
assigned, tasks repairing, 

4373
03:53:22,500 --> 03:53:25,400
ventilation equipment with the 
ironic dedication of a man who 

4374
03:53:25,400 --> 03:53:28,600
had spent months systematically 
dismantling similar fixtures. 

4375
03:53:29,600 --> 03:53:33,000
His hands worked automatically 
while his mind ran through the 

4376
03:53:33,000 --> 03:53:35,700
evening's timeline like 
conductor rehearsing a complex 

4377
03:53:35,700 --> 03:53:38,100
Symphony. 
Every movement had been 

4378
03:53:38,108 --> 03:53:42,400
choreographed every contingency 
considered yet the fundamental 

4379
03:53:42,400 --> 03:53:45,500
uncertainty remained. 
With their months of 

4380
03:53:45,500 --> 03:53:48,300
preparation, prove, sufficient, 
or would they join the ranks of 

4381
03:53:48,300 --> 03:53:51,900
alcatrazz failed Escape 
attempts, the Anglin Brothers, 

4382
03:53:51,900 --> 03:53:54,700
maintained, their customary 
routine with studied normalcy 

4383
03:53:54,700 --> 03:53:56,500
though. 
John found himself paying 

4384
03:53:56,500 --> 03:53:59,500
unusual attention to details. 
He might never see again. 

4385
03:54:00,500 --> 03:54:03,100
The afternoon, like dance 
Through the Windows of the cell 

4386
03:54:03,100 --> 03:54:06,400
block, the sound of fog horns. 
Beginning, their evening chorus 

4387
03:54:06,400 --> 03:54:09,800
years of daily interaction had 
made the guards familiar faces 

4388
03:54:09,800 --> 03:54:13,200
as predictable as sunrise. 
These observations didn't stem 

4389
03:54:13,200 --> 03:54:15,200
from sentiment as they couldn't 
afford it. 

4390
03:54:15,200 --> 03:54:18,300
But rather from the sharper, 
when the often accompanied 

4391
03:54:18,300 --> 03:54:22,000
irreversible decision, Alan 
Westwood been struggling with 

4392
03:54:22,000 --> 03:54:25,000
his concrete removal for weeks 
working with the Frantic energy 

4393
03:54:25,000 --> 03:54:27,000
of a student cramming for final 
exams. 

4394
03:54:27,000 --> 03:54:29,700
Well though his opening was 
still slightly too small for 

4395
03:54:29,700 --> 03:54:32,700
comfortable, passage his 
perfectionist Tendencies had run

4396
03:54:32,700 --> 03:54:35,400
out of time. 
The tide would be favorable to 

4397
03:54:35,400 --> 03:54:37,100
tonight. 
The guards schedules were 

4398
03:54:37,100 --> 03:54:39,900
optimal and weather forecasts 
predicted the fog cover they 

4399
03:54:39,900 --> 03:54:42,000
needed. 
Westwood have to make his 

4400
03:54:42,000 --> 03:54:44,800
existing opening work or risk 
compromising the entire 

4401
03:54:44,800 --> 03:54:47,900
operation. 
As evening approached, the 

4402
03:54:47,900 --> 03:54:49,400
prison settled in to its 
familiar. 

4403
03:54:49,400 --> 03:54:53,100
With him of enforced routine. 
Dino was consumed with the usual

4404
03:54:53,100 --> 03:54:56,000
institutional, efficiency food 
that was nutritionally. 

4405
03:54:56,000 --> 03:54:59,300
Adequate and gastronomically. 
Forgettable served by kitchen 

4406
03:54:59,300 --> 03:55:01,900
staff who had perfected, the art
of color in different. 

4407
03:55:03,000 --> 03:55:06,000
Conversation, followed the 
approved patterns complaints 

4408
03:55:06,000 --> 03:55:09,200
about food quality speculation 
about guard, Personnel changes 

4409
03:55:09,200 --> 03:55:12,500
and discussions of shit scores 
from newspapers that arrived 

4410
03:55:12,500 --> 03:55:16,100
days late and already obsolete. 
But beneath this surface 

4411
03:55:16,100 --> 03:55:19,100
normalcy three, men were 
conducting final equipment 

4412
03:55:19,100 --> 03:55:22,100
checks with the thoroughness of 
astronauts preparing for launch.

4413
03:55:22,700 --> 03:55:24,600
The dummy heads were positioned 
and ready. 

4414
03:55:24,600 --> 03:55:28,100
The makeshift flotation devices 
were concealed and accessible. 

4415
03:55:28,800 --> 03:55:32,000
We tested the improvised ropes 
won final time employing 

4416
03:55:32,000 --> 03:55:35,100
methods, that would not draw the
attention of casual observers. 

4417
03:55:35,100 --> 03:55:39,300
Everything was ready as months 
of prison-based preparation 

4418
03:55:39,300 --> 03:55:43,800
could make it that 9:30 p.m. the
lights went out on schedule and 

4419
03:55:43,800 --> 03:55:45,900
Alcatraz began. 
Its transition to nighttime 

4420
03:55:45,900 --> 03:55:47,900
security. 
Protocols the three 

4421
03:55:47,900 --> 03:55:50,500
conspirators, waited in their 
cells, with the patience of 

4422
03:55:50,508 --> 03:55:53,100
experience to criminals who 
understood that timing was 

4423
03:55:53,100 --> 03:55:55,500
everything. 
If they arrived to early, the 

4424
03:55:55,500 --> 03:55:57,900
guards, would still be 
conducting their initial counts.

4425
03:55:58,600 --> 03:56:01,800
Too late, they would miss the 
title conditions that could mean

4426
03:56:01,800 --> 03:56:04,800
the difference between reaching 
Angel Island and disappearing 

4427
03:56:04,800 --> 03:56:10,400
into the Pacific. 945 PM arrived
with astronomical precision. 

4428
03:56:11,800 --> 03:56:14,800
Frank Morris began the delicate 
process of removing his dummy 

4429
03:56:14,800 --> 03:56:17,100
ventilation, great. 
And positioning, his soap 

4430
03:56:17,100 --> 03:56:20,100
sculpture head in his bed, the 
head looked reasonably 

4431
03:56:20,100 --> 03:56:23,300
convincing in the dim light. 
Certainly, convincing enough to 

4432
03:56:23,300 --> 03:56:25,500
fool a guard. 
Conducting a routine count from 

4433
03:56:25,500 --> 03:56:28,300
the cell block corridor. 
The real test would come at 

4434
03:56:28,308 --> 03:56:31,400
midnight when Gods would conduct
their more thorough inspection. 

4435
03:56:31,400 --> 03:56:35,600
But by then the Escape artists 
would either be safely away or 

4436
03:56:35,600 --> 03:56:39,200
Beyond caring about Garden 
inspections utility Corridor 

4437
03:56:39,200 --> 03:56:40,400
behind. 
The cell block was everything. 

4438
03:56:40,400 --> 03:56:42,400
Frank had expected and several 
things. 

4439
03:56:42,400 --> 03:56:46,200
He hadn't the space was cramped 
filled with pipes and electrical

4440
03:56:46,200 --> 03:56:47,900
conduits. 
That seemed determined to catch 

4441
03:56:47,908 --> 03:56:51,100
on clothing and Equipment. 
The air was thick with Decades 

4442
03:56:51,100 --> 03:56:53,500
of accumulated dust and the 
metallic smell of Aging 

4443
03:56:53,500 --> 03:56:56,200
infrastructure. 
Moving through the corridor 

4444
03:56:56,200 --> 03:56:58,700
required, a combination of 
athletic ability and 

4445
03:56:58,700 --> 03:57:02,000
contortionist skills Complicated
by the need to remain absolutely

4446
03:57:02,000 --> 03:57:04,400
silent while carrying an 
equipment that seemed designed 

4447
03:57:04,400 --> 03:57:07,400
to make noise at the worst 
possible moments with the grace 

4448
03:57:07,400 --> 03:57:09,200
of a man who had spent 
considerable time. 

4449
03:57:09,200 --> 03:57:12,700
Practicing the movement, John 
Anglin emerged from his cell 

4450
03:57:12,700 --> 03:57:15,400
into the corridor. 
His dummy head was positioned 

4451
03:57:15,400 --> 03:57:18,600
his fake wall, was in place and 
his portion of the Escape 

4452
03:57:18,600 --> 03:57:20,600
equipment was secured and ready 
for transport. 

4453
03:57:21,600 --> 03:57:24,200
The months of preparation had 
honed a level of coordination, 

4454
03:57:24,200 --> 03:57:27,200
that would have impressed, 
professional dancers, despite 

4455
03:57:27,200 --> 03:57:29,800
the significant risk of missing 
a cue compared to audience to 

4456
03:57:29,800 --> 03:57:32,400
approval. 
Clarence followed with the 

4457
03:57:32,408 --> 03:57:34,100
steady competence that had made 
him. 

4458
03:57:34,100 --> 03:57:35,800
The Operations Logistics 
coordinator. 

4459
03:57:36,600 --> 03:57:39,600
Everything that could be played 
had been played and everything 

4460
03:57:39,600 --> 03:57:42,500
else would have to be improvised
on principles of creative 

4461
03:57:42,500 --> 03:57:44,300
problem, solving and desperate 
innovation. 

4462
03:57:45,400 --> 03:57:48,700
The utility Corridor evoke the 
atmosphere of a theaters 

4463
03:57:48,700 --> 03:57:51,600
backstage area where the 
performance held Paramount 

4464
03:57:51,600 --> 03:57:54,400
importance and the audience 
consisted solely of armed 

4465
03:57:54,400 --> 03:57:56,900
critics. 
Alan West encountered. 

4466
03:57:56,900 --> 03:58:01,000
His first major crisis at 
exactly 9:52 p.m. his 

4467
03:58:01,000 --> 03:58:04,800
ventilation opening some way 
despite weeks of enlargement 

4468
03:58:04,800 --> 03:58:07,500
efforts remained slightly too 
small for comfortable Passage. 

4469
03:58:08,300 --> 03:58:10,500
What it seemed like a minor 
issue during planning. 

4470
03:58:10,500 --> 03:58:12,500
Now revealed itself as a 
potentially catastrophic 

4471
03:58:12,500 --> 03:58:16,300
problem, West struggled with his
opening while his Partners 

4472
03:58:16,300 --> 03:58:19,200
waited in the corridor precious 
minutes ticking away like a 

4473
03:58:19,200 --> 03:58:21,200
countdown to launch that 
couldn't be postponed. 

4474
03:58:22,000 --> 03:58:24,900
The decision was made with the 
brutal efficiency, the emergency

4475
03:58:24,900 --> 03:58:28,700
situations demand Westwood, 
continue working on his opening 

4476
03:58:28,700 --> 03:58:31,500
and follow when he could. 
The others would proceed with 

4477
03:58:31,500 --> 03:58:34,100
the Escape rather than risk the 
entire operation for one 

4478
03:58:34,100 --> 03:58:37,600
person's preparation problems. 
It was a calculated decision, 

4479
03:58:37,600 --> 03:58:40,300
but prison had taught all of 
them that survival. 

4480
03:58:40,300 --> 03:58:42,700
Sometimes necessitated 
abandoning those who couldn't 

4481
03:58:42,700 --> 03:58:47,000
keep up the climb to the roof 
began at 10:03 p.m. 13 minutes 

4482
03:58:47,000 --> 03:58:49,000
behind schedule. 
But still within acceptable 

4483
03:58:49,000 --> 03:58:52,100
parameters. 
The ventilation shaft was as 

4484
03:58:52,100 --> 03:58:55,300
challenging as reconnaissance 
had suggested narrow dark and 

4485
03:58:55,300 --> 03:58:57,600
filled with obstacles that 
seemed designed by someone with 

4486
03:58:57,600 --> 03:59:01,500
a sadistic sense of humor. 
Frank led the climb followed by 

4487
03:59:01,500 --> 03:59:04,800
John and Clarence each man 
carrying equipment that made the

4488
03:59:04,800 --> 03:59:07,300
ascent more difficult than 
climbing a ladder while juggling

4489
03:59:07,300 --> 03:59:10,500
flaming torches. 
The roof of Alcatraz stretched 

4490
03:59:10,500 --> 03:59:13,600
before them like a concrete. 
Ocean bathed in fog that 

4491
03:59:13,600 --> 03:59:15,400
provided both concealment and 
navigation. 

4492
03:59:15,400 --> 03:59:18,800
Challenges the guard towers were
visible as points of light in 

4493
03:59:18,808 --> 03:59:21,700
the Mist, their searchlights 
creating moving patterns that 

4494
03:59:21,700 --> 03:59:23,900
had to be avoided with the 
Precision of dancers. 

4495
03:59:23,900 --> 03:59:25,400
Performing a deadly 
choreography. 

4496
03:59:26,500 --> 03:59:29,800
The three men moved across the 
roof with careful steps, where 

4497
03:59:29,800 --> 03:59:32,200
there's a single misstep, could 
result in noise that would bring

4498
03:59:32,200 --> 03:59:35,500
guards running from all 
directions 1047 PM. 

4499
03:59:35,500 --> 03:59:37,900
They reached their descent point
and began the rappelled to the 

4500
03:59:37,908 --> 03:59:40,600
water's edge, the improvised 
ropes, supported the men's 

4501
03:59:40,600 --> 03:59:43,000
weight, but they creaked and 
stretched in a way that made 

4502
03:59:43,000 --> 03:59:45,200
each man question whether he 
would successfully complete The 

4503
03:59:45,208 --> 03:59:48,200
Descent or become an unwilling 
test of gravity's reliability. 

4504
03:59:49,300 --> 03:59:52,900
The water below was dark cold 
and moving with current that 

4505
03:59:52,900 --> 03:59:55,200
would determine whether their 
months of planning would result 

4506
03:59:55,200 --> 03:59:58,100
in Freedom or tragedy. 
As they prepared to enter the 

4507
03:59:58,100 --> 04:00:01,100
bay three men stood at the edge 
of the Pacific Ocean with the 

4508
04:00:01,108 --> 04:00:03,500
equipment that looked like, it 
had been designed by optimistic 

4509
04:00:03,500 --> 04:00:06,700
children and fate that had been 
tested by months of impossible. 

4510
04:00:06,700 --> 04:00:09,600
Preparation. 
Behind them late, Alcatraz 

4511
04:00:09,600 --> 04:00:11,900
ahead, lay the unknown and all 
around them. 

4512
04:00:11,900 --> 04:00:14,900
Lay water that had claimed 
previous Escape attempts with 

4513
04:00:14,900 --> 04:00:16,800
the indifference of natural 
forces operating. 

4514
04:00:16,800 --> 04:00:19,600
According to laws, that didn't 
recognize human ambition. 

4515
04:00:20,600 --> 04:00:22,400
The moment of commitment had 
arrived. 

4516
04:00:22,400 --> 04:00:25,100
There would be no more planning,
no more preparation. 

4517
04:00:25,100 --> 04:00:27,400
No more rehearsals. 
Will, they had, was the water, 

4518
04:00:27,400 --> 04:00:30,300
the darkness and the hope that 
their months of diligent labor 

4519
04:00:30,300 --> 04:00:32,000
had yielded. 
Something capable of guiding 

4520
04:00:32,000 --> 04:00:38,200
them towards Liberation at 11:23
p.m. on June 11th, 1962 three 

4521
04:00:38,200 --> 04:00:41,400
men slipped into San Francisco 
Bay with the quiet desperation 

4522
04:00:41,400 --> 04:00:45,100
of souls entering Purgatory. 
The waters coldness was the 

4523
04:00:45,100 --> 04:00:47,600
liquid embodiment of all their 
doubts, after months of 

4524
04:00:47,600 --> 04:00:50,200
planning. 
Frank Morris The Mastermind 

4525
04:00:50,200 --> 04:00:53,000
whose IQ had crafted. 
Their escape found himself 

4526
04:00:53,000 --> 04:00:56,800
wondering if intelligence was 
any match for the Primal forces 

4527
04:00:56,800 --> 04:00:59,200
of tide and current that now 
controlled their destiny. 

4528
04:00:59,900 --> 04:01:03,000
The makeshift raft, cobbled 
together from prison raincoats 

4529
04:01:03,000 --> 04:01:05,800
and sustained by faith rather 
than engineering principles. 

4530
04:01:06,600 --> 04:01:09,800
Settled into the water with all 
the buoyancy of a concrete life 

4531
04:01:09,800 --> 04:01:12,700
preserver. 
What had appeared relatively sea

4532
04:01:12,700 --> 04:01:14,500
worthy during their cell block 
planning session. 

4533
04:01:14,500 --> 04:01:17,600
Now stood, as a testament to the
victory of Hope, over hydraulic 

4534
04:01:17,600 --> 04:01:22,600
Dynamics, The improvised paddles
carved from workshops scraps in 

4535
04:01:22,600 --> 04:01:25,900
felt about as effective as using
spoon to navigate the Atlantic. 

4536
04:01:26,700 --> 04:01:29,300
John Anglin whose artistic 
talents had created their 

4537
04:01:29,300 --> 04:01:32,100
deceptive dummy. 
Heads discovered that artistic 

4538
04:01:32,100 --> 04:01:34,100
Vision, didn't translate to 
Maritime navigation. 

4539
04:01:35,100 --> 04:01:37,500
The fog that had seemed like 
providential cover from the 

4540
04:01:37,500 --> 04:01:39,200
shore. 
Now, surrounded them like a 

4541
04:01:39,200 --> 04:01:42,300
living entity reducing 
visibility to approximately the 

4542
04:01:42,300 --> 04:01:45,400
length of their inadequate raft.
Every direction looked 

4543
04:01:45,400 --> 04:01:49,500
identical, Dark Water Fading 
Into Dark Mist with no landmarks

4544
04:01:49,500 --> 04:01:52,700
visible and no clear indication 
of which way LED to Angel Island

4545
04:01:52,700 --> 04:01:55,900
versus Which Way led to the 
Farallon Islands in certain 

4546
04:01:55,900 --> 04:01:58,600
death. 
Clarence Anglin, the Steady 

4547
04:01:58,600 --> 04:02:01,000
Hand, who had mapped God's 
schedules with military 

4548
04:02:01,000 --> 04:02:04,500
Precision, found himself trying 
to apply that same methodical 

4549
04:02:04,500 --> 04:02:07,000
approach to reading water, 
currents and complete darkness. 

4550
04:02:08,000 --> 04:02:10,900
The bay moved around them with 
liquid complexity streams, 

4551
04:02:10,900 --> 04:02:14,600
within streams Eddies and flows.
That seem to follow patterns, 

4552
04:02:14,600 --> 04:02:17,500
that were comprehensible only to
marine biologists and the sword 

4553
04:02:17,500 --> 04:02:21,200
spirits of drowned sailors. 
Every paddle stroke was a 

4554
04:02:21,200 --> 04:02:24,800
calculated guests and every 
navigational decision, carried a

4555
04:02:24,800 --> 04:02:26,300
risk of hypothermia and 
drowning. 

4556
04:02:27,400 --> 04:02:29,900
The sound of their escape had 
been swallowed by fog and 

4557
04:02:29,900 --> 04:02:33,000
distance but somewhere behind 
them Alcatraz continued. 

4558
04:02:33,000 --> 04:02:36,400
Its nightly routine unaware that
three of its most reluctant 

4559
04:02:36,400 --> 04:02:39,100
residents had departed without 
filing, the proper paperwork. 

4560
04:02:40,200 --> 04:02:42,700
Alan West remained in his cell. 
Still struggling with his 

4561
04:02:42,700 --> 04:02:46,100
ventilation, opening his escape 
attempt to ban in favor of not 

4562
04:02:46,100 --> 04:02:48,100
alerting guards to the absence 
of his cellmates. 

4563
04:02:48,900 --> 04:02:52,100
His failure to join them was 
both a personal tragedy and a 

4564
04:02:52,100 --> 04:02:54,800
tactical Advantage. 
One fewer person to crowd their 

4565
04:02:54,800 --> 04:02:57,800
inadequate Raft. 
One More dummy, head in place to

4566
04:02:57,800 --> 04:02:59,800
maintain the illusion of normal 
occupancy. 

4567
04:02:59,800 --> 04:03:03,500
The Pacific Ocean began its 
examination of their escape plan

4568
04:03:03,500 --> 04:03:06,100
with the thoroughness of a 
federal prosecutor reviewing 

4569
04:03:06,100 --> 04:03:08,600
evidence. 
Every weakness in their 

4570
04:03:08,600 --> 04:03:11,700
preparation was tested by waves,
that seemed larger than physics,

4571
04:03:11,700 --> 04:03:14,400
should have allowed currents 
that pulled them in directions. 

4572
04:03:14,400 --> 04:03:17,800
They couldn't identify and water
temperatures that made their 

4573
04:03:17,800 --> 04:03:21,700
improvised life, preservers feel
like ice cubes with straps the 

4574
04:03:21,700 --> 04:03:23,800
raft designed by hope and 
constructed. 

4575
04:03:23,800 --> 04:03:27,200
By necessity began to show signs
of structural anxiety as 

4576
04:03:27,200 --> 04:03:30,200
saltwater found every seam and 
tested every improvised repair. 

4577
04:03:31,100 --> 04:03:33,500
Frank had calculated that they 
needed to cover approximately 

4578
04:03:33,500 --> 04:03:36,300
two miles to reach Angela Island
the calculations. 

4579
04:03:36,300 --> 04:03:39,000
Assuming knowledge of the 
starting point destination and 

4580
04:03:39,000 --> 04:03:42,100
Direction, all of which had 
become theoretical Concepts in 

4581
04:03:42,100 --> 04:03:45,800
the fog, wraps Darkness The 
light of San Francisco were 

4582
04:03:45,800 --> 04:03:49,400
obscured by The Mists and Angel 
Island as distant as another 

4583
04:03:49,400 --> 04:03:51,600
continent. 
Their navigation equipment, 

4584
04:03:51,600 --> 04:03:55,600
relied on Instinct desperation 
and three waterlogged paddles 

4585
04:03:55,600 --> 04:03:58,000
that were starting to show their
own structural issues. 

4586
04:03:58,000 --> 04:04:01,300
The cold was becoming a factor 
that no amount of planning had 

4587
04:04:01,300 --> 04:04:04,500
adequately addressed Prison 
uniforms weren't designed for 

4588
04:04:04,500 --> 04:04:07,600
aquatic adventures and the 
improvised flotation devices 

4589
04:04:07,600 --> 04:04:11,300
provided buoyancy, but no 
insulation, each man could feel 

4590
04:04:11,300 --> 04:04:14,100
his body a temperature dropping 
with the systematic efficiency 

4591
04:04:14,100 --> 04:04:16,800
of a thermometer in a freezer 
and they're paddling became less

4592
04:04:16,800 --> 04:04:19,500
about navigation and more about 
generating enough movement to 

4593
04:04:19,500 --> 04:04:22,700
maintain circulation. 
But the most dangerous enemy 

4594
04:04:22,700 --> 04:04:26,300
wasn't cold or current. 
It was doubt every minute in the

4595
04:04:26,300 --> 04:04:28,900
water brought new evidence. 
That their plan had been created

4596
04:04:28,900 --> 04:04:30,600
by optimism. 
Rather than reality. 

4597
04:04:31,400 --> 04:04:34,100
The raft was too small, the 
equipment to improvise the 

4598
04:04:34,100 --> 04:04:36,500
distance too far and the 
conditions too hostile. 

4599
04:04:36,500 --> 04:04:40,200
Each wave that washed over their
makeshift vessel, carried the 

4600
04:04:40,200 --> 04:04:42,500
whispered suggestion that they 
should have stayed in their 

4601
04:04:42,500 --> 04:04:46,500
cells, accepted their sentences 
and grown old Behind Bars, 

4602
04:04:46,500 --> 04:04:47,900
rather than young beneath the 
bay. 

4603
04:04:47,900 --> 04:04:51,000
Yet something kept them 
paddling, perhaps it was the 

4604
04:04:51,000 --> 04:04:54,000
months of investment they had 
made in the Escape Plan, perhaps

4605
04:04:54,000 --> 04:04:56,200
it was the knowledge that 
returned to Alcatraz would mean 

4606
04:04:56,200 --> 04:04:58,900
solitary confinement and the 
kind of official attention that 

4607
04:04:58,900 --> 04:05:01,000
makes prison life considerably 
more unpleasant. 

4608
04:05:01,700 --> 04:05:04,100
Or perhaps it was the simple 
human refusal to surrender. 

4609
04:05:04,100 --> 04:05:07,600
When surrender means death, even
when the alternative seems 

4610
04:05:07,600 --> 04:05:10,800
equally terminal. 
The fog began to thin around. 

4611
04:05:10,800 --> 04:05:14,700
138, mm, revealing patches of 
Starlit sky that provided their 

4612
04:05:14,700 --> 04:05:16,800
first reliable navigation, 
reference in hours. 

4613
04:05:17,600 --> 04:05:19,900
Frank oriented himself using 
constellations. 

4614
04:05:19,900 --> 04:05:22,700
He remembered from childhood 
camping trips, before his life, 

4615
04:05:22,700 --> 04:05:25,200
had taken the series of wrong 
terms that led to Federal 

4616
04:05:25,200 --> 04:05:28,100
incarceration. 
The North Star steady, and 

4617
04:05:28,100 --> 04:05:30,500
reliable helped him. 
Establish Direction though 

4618
04:05:30,500 --> 04:05:32,100
establishing their location 
remained. 

4619
04:05:32,100 --> 04:05:34,600
A matter of educated, guesswork 
and Maritime prayer. 

4620
04:05:35,400 --> 04:05:38,500
As visibility improved, they 
could make out the darker mass 

4621
04:05:38,500 --> 04:05:41,700
of land ahead, whether Angel 
Island, Alcatraz, or some 

4622
04:05:41,700 --> 04:05:43,900
previously, undiscovered piece 
of real estate remained to be 

4623
04:05:43,908 --> 04:05:47,200
determined, their paddling had 
become automatic their arms. 

4624
04:05:47,208 --> 04:05:49,800
Moving with their mechanical, 
Persistence of men who had 

4625
04:05:49,800 --> 04:05:52,800
discovered that stopping meant 
sinking the raft. 

4626
04:05:52,800 --> 04:05:55,400
Structural Integrity had 
degraded into the point where it

4627
04:05:55,400 --> 04:05:57,700
was more of a flotation 
suggestion than an actual 

4628
04:05:57,700 --> 04:06:00,800
watercraft held together by 
determination and rapidly 

4629
04:06:00,800 --> 04:06:03,500
failing adhesive. 
The current had been carrying 

4630
04:06:03,500 --> 04:06:06,000
them steadily, but it remained 
unclear whether they were 

4631
04:06:06,008 --> 04:06:08,600
heading towards salvation or 
destruction and until they felt 

4632
04:06:08,600 --> 04:06:10,600
their improvised paddles, 
scraping against something 

4633
04:06:10,600 --> 04:06:12,900
solid. 
Sand rock. 

4634
04:06:13,900 --> 04:06:16,700
The Blessed resistance of land 
meeting water was evident. 

4635
04:06:17,400 --> 04:06:20,100
They had reached Shore though, 
whether they had traveled to 

4636
04:06:20,100 --> 04:06:24,100
Angel Island or 200 yards in a 
circle back to Alcatraz would be

4637
04:06:24,100 --> 04:06:26,700
determined when they could see 
their surroundings in daylight. 

4638
04:06:27,700 --> 04:06:29,600
Dragging themselves onto the 
beach with the grace of 

4639
04:06:29,608 --> 04:06:32,200
exhausted. 
Seals three, men collapsed onto 

4640
04:06:32,200 --> 04:06:34,000
Solid Ground. 
For the first time in hours, 

4641
04:06:34,000 --> 04:06:37,100
there are Escape equipment. 
What remained of it was 

4642
04:06:37,100 --> 04:06:40,700
abandoned to the tide? 
The prison uniforms were soaked 

4643
04:06:40,700 --> 04:06:44,100
torn and decorated with seaweed 
in ways that wouldn't have 

4644
04:06:44,100 --> 04:06:48,000
impressed any fashion critics 
but they were alive on land and 

4645
04:06:48,000 --> 04:06:51,900
no longer inmates of Alcatraz 
Federal Penitentiary Dawn would 

4646
04:06:51,900 --> 04:06:54,200
reveal their location and 
determine their next moves. 

4647
04:06:54,200 --> 04:06:58,200
Until then they lay on an 
unknown Beach watching the fog 

4648
04:06:58,200 --> 04:07:01,500
roll back across the bay, 
listening to the sound of waves 

4649
04:07:01,500 --> 04:07:03,900
that had carried them either to 
Freedom or to a different kind 

4650
04:07:03,900 --> 04:07:06,600
of captivity. 
The Pacific had rendered its 

4651
04:07:06,600 --> 04:07:09,400
verdict, but the final judgment 
remained to be written by 

4652
04:07:09,400 --> 04:07:13,200
daylight luck and the ability of
three exhausted fugitives to 

4653
04:07:13,200 --> 04:07:16,200
continue their improvised 
journey to wherever escaped 

4654
04:07:16,200 --> 04:07:16,900
convicts. 
Go. 

4655
04:07:16,900 --> 04:07:20,200
When the impossible becomes 
merely improbable Dawn arrived 

4656
04:07:20,200 --> 04:07:24,800
on June 12th 1962 with the cruel
Clarity that daylight brings to 

4657
04:07:24,800 --> 04:07:28,200
midnight decision, three men who
had spent the night discovering 

4658
04:07:28,200 --> 04:07:29,900
where the desperation could 
overcome physics. 

4659
04:07:29,900 --> 04:07:32,400
Now face, the morning's harsh 
accounting of their aquatic 

4660
04:07:32,400 --> 04:07:36,300
Adventure The beach beneath the 
was real, the water behind them 

4661
04:07:36,300 --> 04:07:39,400
was real but their location 
remained a mystery that would be

4662
04:07:39,408 --> 04:07:41,300
sold by geography rather than 
hope. 

4663
04:07:42,400 --> 04:07:45,300
Frank Morris opened his eyes to 
find himself staring at a 

4664
04:07:45,300 --> 04:07:48,000
landscape that looked 
suspiciously like the California

4665
04:07:48,000 --> 04:07:50,600
coast though. 
Whether they had reached Angel 

4666
04:07:50,600 --> 04:07:54,200
Island returned to Alcatraz or 
washed up on some entirely 

4667
04:07:54,200 --> 04:07:56,600
different piece of real estate 
remained to be determined. 

4668
04:07:57,400 --> 04:08:00,300
His body ached with the specific
pain that comes from spending 

4669
04:08:00,300 --> 04:08:01,800
hours. 
In cold water, while wearing 

4670
04:08:01,800 --> 04:08:05,100
clothes, designed for indoor 
prison use rather than Maritime 

4671
04:08:05,100 --> 04:08:10,000
Adventures The brilliant escape 
plan so carefully crafted during

4672
04:08:10,000 --> 04:08:13,300
months of cell block 
conspiracies, had deposited them

4673
04:08:13,300 --> 04:08:14,900
on an unknown Shore with no 
equipment. 

4674
04:08:14,900 --> 04:08:18,400
No identification. 
And no clear idea of what to do 

4675
04:08:18,400 --> 04:08:20,700
next. 
The Anglin Brothers moved 

4676
04:08:20,700 --> 04:08:23,500
cautiously like men testing 
which parts of their bodies 

4677
04:08:23,500 --> 04:08:26,100
still functioned after spending 
a night in the ocean. 

4678
04:08:27,000 --> 04:08:30,300
John's artistic talents. 
So useful for creating dummy, 

4679
04:08:30,300 --> 04:08:32,800
heads and fake walls. 
Seemed less applicable to their 

4680
04:08:32,800 --> 04:08:35,800
current situation which called 
for skills, more, commonly 

4681
04:08:35,800 --> 04:08:38,600
associated with survival 
training than creative forgery. 

4682
04:08:39,600 --> 04:08:42,000
Circumstances that are 
transcended the predictable 

4683
04:08:42,000 --> 04:08:44,600
routines of prison life. 
Similarly challenged clarence's 

4684
04:08:44,600 --> 04:08:48,200
systematic approach to planning 
Their first priority was to 

4685
04:08:48,200 --> 04:08:51,900
pinpoint their location, a task 
that necessitated a level of 

4686
04:08:51,900 --> 04:08:54,300
urgency in their reconnaissance 
compared to their early 

4687
04:08:54,300 --> 04:08:57,400
intelligence gathering. 
If they had somehow managed to 

4688
04:08:57,400 --> 04:09:00,600
Circle back to Alcatraz, their 
escape attempt, would become a 

4689
04:09:00,600 --> 04:09:02,400
very short story with an unhappy
ending. 

4690
04:09:03,600 --> 04:09:06,000
If they had reached Angel 
Island, they would need to find 

4691
04:09:06,000 --> 04:09:08,600
a way off the island before Park
Rangers or Coast Guard. 

4692
04:09:08,600 --> 04:09:10,000
Patrols discovered their 
presence. 

4693
04:09:10,000 --> 04:09:12,800
If they had been taken 
elsewhere, they would have to 

4694
04:09:12,800 --> 04:09:15,100
find their bearings and continue
their journey to Freedom. 

4695
04:09:16,000 --> 04:09:19,300
The coastline revealed itself as
they explored, and the News was 

4696
04:09:19,300 --> 04:09:22,600
both good and problematic, they 
had indeed reached Angel Island,

4697
04:09:22,600 --> 04:09:26,000
their intended destination, 
which meant their navigation had

4698
04:09:26,000 --> 04:09:28,200
been more accurate than the 
conditions had suggested. 

4699
04:09:28,900 --> 04:09:31,700
However, Angel Island was not 
exactly a launching pad to 

4700
04:09:31,700 --> 04:09:34,000
Freedom. 
It was a state park regularly, 

4701
04:09:34,000 --> 04:09:36,700
patrolled and connected to the 
mainland only by ferry service. 

4702
04:09:36,700 --> 04:09:40,000
That required tickets 
identification and the kind of 

4703
04:09:40,000 --> 04:09:42,400
paperwork. 
They were unlikely to possess 

4704
04:09:43,100 --> 04:09:46,200
But they were no longer inmates 
of Alcatraz which represented 

4705
04:09:46,200 --> 04:09:50,400
progress of a sort. 
Their legal status, had evolved 

4706
04:09:50,400 --> 04:09:54,300
from incarcerated to escaped 
fugitives, which was arguably an

4707
04:09:54,300 --> 04:09:57,500
improvement in terms of personal
autonomy, though it came with 

4708
04:09:57,500 --> 04:10:00,600
its set of challenges. 
The FBI would shortly be 

4709
04:10:00,600 --> 04:10:04,600
genuinely interested in their 
whereabouts, US Marshals will be

4710
04:10:04,608 --> 04:10:07,900
updating, their wanted posters 
and every law enforcement agency

4711
04:10:07,900 --> 04:10:10,800
in Northern California would be 
looking for three men, whose 

4712
04:10:10,800 --> 04:10:13,700
descriptions would be circulated
with the efficiency of a chain 

4713
04:10:13,700 --> 04:10:16,100
letter. 
The immediate challenge was 

4714
04:10:16,100 --> 04:10:18,600
getting off Angel Island before 
their presence was discovered 

4715
04:10:18,600 --> 04:10:20,800
ferry service was out of the 
question. 

4716
04:10:20,800 --> 04:10:24,000
Swimming was no longer appealing
after their previous aquatic 

4717
04:10:24,000 --> 04:10:27,300
experience in common during a 
boat would add Maritime theft to

4718
04:10:27,300 --> 04:10:30,200
their growing list of federal 
charges, they needed 

4719
04:10:30,200 --> 04:10:32,800
transportation, that was both 
available and inconspicuous 

4720
04:10:32,800 --> 04:10:36,000
which narrowed their options to 
Creative Solutions, that would 

4721
04:10:36,000 --> 04:10:39,000
have tested, the Ingenuity of a 
professional skatepark artist 

4722
04:10:40,100 --> 04:10:42,500
The prison uniforms had to be 
addressed before, they could 

4723
04:10:42,500 --> 04:10:44,400
move in public without 
attracting attention. 

4724
04:10:45,700 --> 04:10:47,900
The sight of three men in 
drenched federal prison 

4725
04:10:47,900 --> 04:10:49,700
clothing. 
Was likely to spark curiosity, 

4726
04:10:49,700 --> 04:10:53,900
leading to calls to authorities 
in a swift end to their fleeting

4727
04:10:53,900 --> 04:10:56,600
moment of Freedom. 
They needed civilian clothes, 

4728
04:10:56,600 --> 04:10:59,400
which meant finding them through
methods that were available to 

4729
04:10:59,400 --> 04:11:02,900
escaped convicts with no money, 
no connections, and no 

4730
04:11:02,900 --> 04:11:06,600
legitimate means of acquisition.
The morning progressed with the 

4731
04:11:06,600 --> 04:11:09,300
methodical problem solving that 
had characterized their escape 

4732
04:11:09,300 --> 04:11:12,600
planning. 
Franks intelligence, John's 

4733
04:11:12,600 --> 04:11:15,800
creative resourcefulness and 
Clarence is systematic approach,

4734
04:11:15,800 --> 04:11:18,500
were applied to challenges that 
were immediate and practical 

4735
04:11:18,500 --> 04:11:23,900
food clothing, transportation, 
and avoiding recapture long 

4736
04:11:23,900 --> 04:11:26,700
enough to establish some kind of
sustainable existence outside 

4737
04:11:26,700 --> 04:11:30,300
Federal custody, but even as 
they plan their next moves each 

4738
04:11:30,300 --> 04:11:33,000
man at understood, that their 
escape from Alcatraz was only 

4739
04:11:33,000 --> 04:11:34,700
the beginning of a much longer 
Journey. 

4740
04:11:35,500 --> 04:11:37,700
They had proved that the 
inescapable prison could be 

4741
04:11:37,700 --> 04:11:39,800
escaped. 
But they had also committed 

4742
04:11:39,800 --> 04:11:42,900
themselves to lives as permanent
fugitives in a country where 

4743
04:11:42,900 --> 04:11:45,700
their faces would be known to 
every law enforcement officer 

4744
04:11:45,700 --> 04:11:49,300
from coast to coast. 
The morning sun illuminated, the

4745
04:11:49,300 --> 04:11:51,500
Paradox of their success 
warming. 

4746
04:11:51,500 --> 04:11:54,100
Their salt stiffened clothes and
revealing the California 

4747
04:11:54,100 --> 04:11:57,400
landscape and Shop detail. 
They had achieved The 

4748
04:11:57,400 --> 04:12:00,300
Impossible. 
A gaping from Alcatraz Federal 

4749
04:12:00,300 --> 04:12:04,900
Penitentiary, using improvised 
tools, handmade equipment, and 

4750
04:12:04,900 --> 04:12:07,800
planning that had been conducted
entirely within the most secure 

4751
04:12:07,800 --> 04:12:10,800
prison in America. 
Yet their Triumph had delivered 

4752
04:12:10,800 --> 04:12:13,600
them, not to freedom, but to a 
different kind of captivity. 

4753
04:12:13,600 --> 04:12:17,100
The hunted existence of men who 
could never again live under 

4754
04:12:17,100 --> 04:12:19,800
their names, or return to the 
places they had known. 

4755
04:12:20,600 --> 04:12:23,300
As they prepared to leave Angel 
Island and begin the next 

4756
04:12:23,308 --> 04:12:25,500
chapter of their story. 
Three men stood at the 

4757
04:12:25,500 --> 04:12:28,700
intersection of Legend and 
reality they had become part of 

4758
04:12:28,708 --> 04:12:32,300
Alcatraz mythology, their escape
joining the annals of impossible

4759
04:12:32,300 --> 04:12:35,000
achievements that Inspire others
to attempt the improbable. 

4760
04:12:35,700 --> 04:12:38,500
But they had also learned that 
escaping from prison is only the

4761
04:12:38,500 --> 04:12:41,600
first step in a journey that 
continues for the rest of their 

4762
04:12:41,600 --> 04:12:44,100
lives. 
However, long those lives might 

4763
04:12:44,100 --> 04:12:48,400
prove to be The Pacific Ocean 
which had tested their resolve 

4764
04:12:48,400 --> 04:12:51,500
and nearly came their lives 
stretched by them, like, a 

4765
04:12:51,508 --> 04:12:54,900
liquid barrier between their 
past and their future ahead. 

4766
04:12:54,900 --> 04:12:58,500
Lay the mainland, with its 
opportunities, and dangers, its 

4767
04:12:58,500 --> 04:13:02,000
promise of freedom, and its 
guarantee of Perpetual Pursuit. 

4768
04:13:02,900 --> 04:13:05,500
Three men who had started. 
As inmates had become fugitives 

4769
04:13:05,500 --> 04:13:08,600
and their story was no longer 
about escaping from Alcatraz. 

4770
04:13:08,600 --> 04:13:11,500
It was about learning to live 
with the consequences of having 

4771
04:13:11,500 --> 04:13:14,900
done the impossible. whether 
Frank Morris and the Anglin 

4772
04:13:14,900 --> 04:13:18,300
Brothers survived their escape 
established new identities and 

4773
04:13:18,300 --> 04:13:21,000
lived out, their days in an 
anonymous Freedom, or whether 

4774
04:13:21,000 --> 04:13:24,100
they perished in the bay that 
night remains, one of America's 

4775
04:13:24,100 --> 04:13:30,500
most enduring Mysteries, On June
of 11th 1962 three men showed 

4776
04:13:30,500 --> 04:13:33,200
that even the most secure prison
is only as strong as the 

4777
04:13:33,200 --> 04:13:36,300
imagination of those. 
It seeks to contain, they 

4778
04:13:36,300 --> 04:13:39,700
transform themselves from 
criminals into legends from 

4779
04:13:39,700 --> 04:13:43,200
prisoners into symbols of the 
Eternal human desire to be free.

4780
04:13:44,200 --> 04:13:46,100
And somewhere in the Morning, 
Mist rolling off. 

4781
04:13:46,100 --> 04:13:50,200
San Francisco Bay their story 
continues, not as history, but 

4782
04:13:50,200 --> 04:13:53,700
as possibility, not as fact but 
as the kind of truth that grows 

4783
04:13:53,700 --> 04:13:56,900
stronger with each telling 
reminding us that sometimes the 

4784
04:13:56,900 --> 04:13:59,500
most impossible Dreams of the 
ones most worth pursuing. 

4785
04:14:04,100 --> 04:14:07,800
The Battle of star in grad. 
Began in the summer of 1942, 

4786
04:14:07,800 --> 04:14:12,600
during the height of World War 
2, the German Army under Adolf, 

4787
04:14:12,600 --> 04:14:15,300
Hitler's command launched a 
massive offensive. 

4788
04:14:16,100 --> 04:14:18,800
Aimed at capturing the 
industrial city of star in grad.

4789
04:14:19,600 --> 04:14:22,600
On the Volga River. 
Starling grad was more than just

4790
04:14:22,600 --> 04:14:26,400
a strategic Target. 
It bore the name of the Soviet 

4791
04:14:26,400 --> 04:14:29,400
leader. 
Joseph Stalin and its capture 

4792
04:14:29,400 --> 04:14:33,700
would deal a cycle. 
Blow to the Soviet Union for 

4793
04:14:33,700 --> 04:14:38,200
Hitler taking star in Grand was 
as much about Prestige as it was

4794
04:14:38,200 --> 04:14:41,200
about military strategy. 
Stalingrad was a vital 

4795
04:14:41,200 --> 04:14:45,700
industrial Hub producing weapons
ammunition and supplies. 

4796
04:14:46,600 --> 04:14:49,200
Crucial to the Soviet war 
effort, its location. 

4797
04:14:50,200 --> 04:14:53,100
On the Volga River. 
Made it a key Transportation 

4798
04:14:53,100 --> 04:14:55,800
Route. 
Linking the northern and 

4799
04:14:55,800 --> 04:14:58,700
southern regions. 
Of the Soviet Union. 

4800
04:14:59,500 --> 04:15:01,900
For Stalin. 
The city's defense. 

4801
04:15:02,600 --> 04:15:05,100
Was non-negotiable. 
Losing it. 

4802
04:15:05,900 --> 04:15:08,900
Would be both a symbolic and 
logistical disaster. 

4803
04:15:10,100 --> 04:15:13,500
In August 1942, the German 6th 
Army. 

4804
04:15:14,700 --> 04:15:16,500
Led by General, Friedrich 
Palace. 

4805
04:15:17,400 --> 04:15:20,700
Began its advanced. 
On Starling Grande. 

4806
04:15:22,000 --> 04:15:25,100
The city. 
Brawling industrial expanse. 

4807
04:15:26,300 --> 04:15:28,500
The factories. 
Railways. 

4808
04:15:29,300 --> 04:15:32,600
And residential areas. 
Became the site. 

4809
04:15:33,500 --> 04:15:35,200
Of one of the most grueling 
battles. 

4810
04:15:36,100 --> 04:15:39,900
In history. 
The Germans were initially 

4811
04:15:39,900 --> 04:15:42,100
confident. 
Of a swift victory. 

4812
04:15:43,100 --> 04:15:45,800
But the Soviet Defenders under 
the command of General. 

4813
04:15:45,800 --> 04:15:50,600
Vasily chuikov were determined 
to resist at all costs. 

4814
04:15:50,600 --> 04:15:54,400
The fighting in grad was unlike 
anything. 

4815
04:15:55,200 --> 04:15:58,800
The world had seen before. 
Urban Warfare. 

4816
04:15:59,700 --> 04:16:02,600
Turned every street. 
Building. 

4817
04:16:03,300 --> 04:16:06,200
A factory. 
Into a Battleground. 

4818
04:16:07,300 --> 04:16:11,100
The Germans and Soviets engaged 
in brutal. 

4819
04:16:11,100 --> 04:16:14,400
Close Quarters combat. 
Often fighting. 

4820
04:16:15,300 --> 04:16:18,800
Room by room. 
Floor by floor. 

4821
04:16:19,700 --> 04:16:23,700
The city became a labyrinth. 
Of Destruction. 

4822
04:16:24,700 --> 04:16:28,800
With rubble and debris. 
Transforming entire 

4823
04:16:28,800 --> 04:16:32,900
neighborhoods. 
Into treacherous Landscapes, the

4824
04:16:32,900 --> 04:16:37,300
Soviets, adopted a strategy of 
hugging the German forces. 

4825
04:16:38,100 --> 04:16:42,300
Staying as close as possible. 
To avoid being targeted by 

4826
04:16:42,300 --> 04:16:48,600
German airstrikes and artillery.
This Force the Germans into 

4827
04:16:48,600 --> 04:16:53,100
Relentless hand to hand combat. 
Training their resources and 

4828
04:16:53,100 --> 04:16:56,600
morale. 
Soviet snipers hidden in the 

4829
04:16:56,600 --> 04:16:59,400
ruins. 
Became a deadly force. 

4830
04:17:00,300 --> 04:17:04,300
Picking off German soldiers with
Precision, one of the most 

4831
04:17:04,300 --> 04:17:07,400
famous snipers. 
Silly zaitsev. 

4832
04:17:08,000 --> 04:17:11,300
Became a symbol. 
Of Soviet resilience, his 

4833
04:17:11,300 --> 04:17:16,900
actions inspiring Defenders 
across the city. as the weeks 

4834
04:17:16,900 --> 04:17:21,400
turned into months, The harsh 
Russian winter set in. 

4835
04:17:22,200 --> 04:17:26,500
Adding another layer of misery 
to the already dire conditions 

4836
04:17:26,500 --> 04:17:31,600
temperatures plummeted and both 
sides struggled to survive in 

4837
04:17:31,600 --> 04:17:36,200
the freezing cold. 
Supplies dwindled and hunger and

4838
04:17:36,200 --> 04:17:39,700
disease. 
Took their toll yet, despite the

4839
04:17:39,700 --> 04:17:42,200
suffering, the Soviets held 
firm. 

4840
04:17:42,800 --> 04:17:46,600
Reinforcements. 
And supplies continued to 

4841
04:17:46,608 --> 04:17:51,700
trickle into the city, across 
the Frozen vulgar River in the 

4842
04:17:51,700 --> 04:17:54,400
Defenders could maintain their 
resistance. 

4843
04:17:55,500 --> 04:17:59,700
Turning point in the Battle of 
Stalingrad came in November 

4844
04:17:59,700 --> 04:18:03,200
1942, with the launch of 
operation. 

4845
04:18:03,200 --> 04:18:09,600
Uranus The Soviet High command 
led by General George off device

4846
04:18:09,600 --> 04:18:13,500
a bold counter-offensive. 
To encircle the German 6th Army,

4847
04:18:13,500 --> 04:18:17,500
while the Germans are focused on
their assault within the city. 

4848
04:18:17,500 --> 04:18:22,700
The Soviets launched, massive 
attacks on the weaker, flanks of

4849
04:18:22,700 --> 04:18:26,500
the German forces held by 
Romanian and Italian troops. 

4850
04:18:27,500 --> 04:18:30,800
Plan was a success. 
Within days. 

4851
04:18:31,600 --> 04:18:34,500
The Soviet pincers closed around
Stalingrad. 

4852
04:18:35,600 --> 04:18:38,600
Trapping the German 6th Army in 
the city. 

4853
04:18:40,000 --> 04:18:43,900
What followed was a desperate. 
Struggle for survival. 

4854
04:18:44,900 --> 04:18:49,300
The encircled German forces 
numbering over 300,000 men. 

4855
04:18:50,200 --> 04:18:53,800
Were cut off from supplies and 
reinforcements. 

4856
04:18:53,800 --> 04:18:58,800
Hitler refusing to allow a 
retreat ordered payolas to hold 

4857
04:18:58,800 --> 04:19:03,400
the city at all costs. 
The luftwaffe attempted to 

4858
04:19:03,400 --> 04:19:06,000
airlift supplies to the 
encircled Troops. 

4859
04:19:06,000 --> 04:19:08,500
But the efforts were 
insufficient. 

4860
04:19:08,500 --> 04:19:13,400
The soldiers inside the pocket 
faced starvation freezing 

4861
04:19:13,400 --> 04:19:16,300
temperatures and Relentless 
Soviet attacks. 

4862
04:19:16,300 --> 04:19:20,300
The Soviets Tightened their grip
on the city. 

4863
04:19:21,300 --> 04:19:24,600
Systematically destroying. 
The remaining German positions, 

4864
04:19:24,600 --> 04:19:28,300
The Defenders situation. 
They came increasingly hopeless,

4865
04:19:28,300 --> 04:19:31,000
and morale. 
Plummeted. 

4866
04:19:31,900 --> 04:19:37,300
In January 1943, the Soviets 
launched their final assault to 

4867
04:19:37,300 --> 04:19:41,300
crush the pocket. 
By this time Palace and his men 

4868
04:19:41,300 --> 04:19:45,700
were exhausted, demoralized. 
And out of options. 

4869
04:19:47,100 --> 04:19:52,200
On February 2nd 1943, Paola 
surrendered, marking the end of 

4870
04:19:52,200 --> 04:19:56,300
the Battle of Stalingrad. 
The Soviet victory was a turning

4871
04:19:56,308 --> 04:20:00,400
point in the war. 
Shattering the myth of German 

4872
04:20:00,400 --> 04:20:04,700
invincibility and Shifting, the 
momentum in favor of the Allies.

4873
04:20:04,700 --> 04:20:09,500
It was a devastating blow to 
Hitler's Ambitions and the loss.

4874
04:20:10,400 --> 04:20:14,200
The sixth Army. was a 
humiliation from which Germany 

4875
04:20:14,200 --> 04:20:19,200
would never fully recover the 
cost of the battle, however, was

4876
04:20:19,200 --> 04:20:23,800
staggering over 2 million 
soldiers and civilians were 

4877
04:20:23,800 --> 04:20:29,200
killed wounded or captured. 
During the five months of 

4878
04:20:29,200 --> 04:20:32,700
fighting. 
Starling Raditz itself was left 

4879
04:20:32,700 --> 04:20:36,000
in ruin's. 
Its streets and buildings 

4880
04:20:36,000 --> 04:20:41,200
reduced to Rubble the human 
suffering on both sides was 

4881
04:20:41,200 --> 04:20:43,700
immense. 
With countless families. 

4882
04:20:44,600 --> 04:20:48,100
Forever altered. 
By the loss of loved ones, 

4883
04:20:48,100 --> 04:20:52,100
despite the devastation the 
Soviet Victory, theater. 

4884
04:20:52,100 --> 04:20:56,500
Starling grad. 
Came a symbol of resilience and 

4885
04:20:56,500 --> 04:21:02,900
determination it demonstrated. 
Power of unity and the will to 

4886
04:21:02,900 --> 04:21:05,800
endure. 
Even the most harrowing a 

4887
04:21:05,800 --> 04:21:09,600
circumstances. 
The people of Stalingrad who had

4888
04:21:09,600 --> 04:21:12,100
endured. 
Unimaginable hardship. 

4889
04:21:12,900 --> 04:21:16,300
Became heroes in the eyes of 
their Nation. 

4890
04:21:17,300 --> 04:21:19,600
In the Years. 
Following the war. 

4891
04:21:20,300 --> 04:21:23,000
Star and grad was rebuilt. 
Scars. 

4892
04:21:23,600 --> 04:21:28,200
Serving as a reminder. the 
sacrifices made to defend it 

4893
04:21:28,200 --> 04:21:33,200
monuments and memorials, were 
erected to honor the Fallen 

4894
04:21:33,200 --> 04:21:39,800
including the iconic, the Maya 
of kurgan A hill that saw some 

4895
04:21:39,800 --> 04:21:43,300
of the fiercest fighting during 
the battle at its Summit. 

4896
04:21:44,100 --> 04:21:49,700
Stands The Towering, statue of 
the motherland calls. symbol of 

4897
04:21:49,700 --> 04:21:54,300
the Soviet Union strength and 
resilience the Battle of 

4898
04:21:54,300 --> 04:21:58,200
Starling Grand remains one of 
the most studied and remembered 

4899
04:21:58,200 --> 04:22:02,700
events of World War 2. 
It serves as a testament to the 

4900
04:22:02,700 --> 04:22:07,300
courage and determination of 
those who fought and as a 

4901
04:22:07,300 --> 04:22:12,400
reminder of the horrors of War, 
The sacrifices made at 

4902
04:22:12,400 --> 04:22:15,800
Stalingrad helped shape the 
course of history. 

4903
04:22:15,800 --> 04:22:19,300
Paving the way for the eventual 
Allied victory. 

4904
04:22:20,200 --> 04:22:26,400
As you drift into sleep tonight.
Let the story of Stalingrad, 

4905
04:22:26,400 --> 04:22:29,300
remind you. 
Strength. 

4906
04:22:30,000 --> 04:22:32,400
Of the human Spirit and the 
resilience. 

4907
04:22:33,200 --> 04:22:36,300
That emerges in the face of 
adversity. 

4908
04:22:37,800 --> 04:22:41,300
Imagine the quiet. 
Snow-covered streets. 

4909
04:22:42,300 --> 04:22:47,700
Of the rebuilt City, The Echoes 
of History carried gently on the

4910
04:22:47,700 --> 04:22:51,400
Wind. 
Let The Bravery and sacrifice. 

4911
04:22:52,100 --> 04:22:57,500
Of those who endured inspire a 
sense of gratitude and peace 

4912
04:22:57,500 --> 04:23:01,500
within you. 
The story of the battle of star 

4913
04:23:01,500 --> 04:23:06,600
in grad. did not end with the 
surrender of the German sixth 

4914
04:23:06,600 --> 04:23:10,000
Army, its aftermath Rippled far 
beyond. 

4915
04:23:11,300 --> 04:23:13,800
Frozen streets of the ruined 
City. 

4916
04:23:14,600 --> 04:23:19,500
Shaping the course of World War 
2 and the history of the 20th 

4917
04:23:19,500 --> 04:23:21,700
century. 
The Soviet victory. 

4918
04:23:22,800 --> 04:23:26,500
Was a turning point, not just 
for the Eastern front, but for 

4919
04:23:26,500 --> 04:23:31,300
the entire Allied effort, it 
demonstrated the determination 

4920
04:23:31,300 --> 04:23:34,500
and resilience. 
Of the Soviet people. 

4921
04:23:35,400 --> 04:23:38,300
And marked the beginning. 
Of a Relentless push. 

4922
04:23:39,300 --> 04:23:42,900
To drive the axis forces. 
Out of the Soviet Union. 

4923
04:23:43,800 --> 04:23:46,900
And eventually. 
Defeat them in Europe. 

4924
04:23:47,800 --> 04:23:51,200
The cost of the battle was 
nearly unimaginable. 

4925
04:23:52,400 --> 04:23:55,900
Casualty figures are staggering.
With estimates. 

4926
04:23:56,800 --> 04:24:02,400
Placing the total number. 
Of dead wounded or missing on 

4927
04:24:02,400 --> 04:24:07,900
both sides at over 2 million. 
Civilians caught in the 

4928
04:24:07,900 --> 04:24:11,100
crossfire. 
Endured unimaginable suffering. 

4929
04:24:12,100 --> 04:24:16,600
As the city, they called home. 
Became a war zone of 

4930
04:24:16,600 --> 04:24:20,800
Unthinkable, destruction home's.
Were destroyed. 

4931
04:24:21,700 --> 04:24:23,500
Families. 
Torn apart. 

4932
04:24:24,300 --> 04:24:26,700
And leave. 
Forever altered. 

4933
04:24:27,500 --> 04:24:31,400
By the Relentless tide of War. 
The survivors. 

4934
04:24:32,100 --> 04:24:35,500
Of Starling Grande. 
The end of the battle. 

4935
04:24:36,300 --> 04:24:39,100
Brought no immediate relief. 
City. 

4936
04:24:39,800 --> 04:24:41,700
Once a thriving Industrial 
Center. 

4937
04:24:43,200 --> 04:24:46,100
Lay in Ruins. 
Entire neighborhoods. 

4938
04:24:47,000 --> 04:24:49,000
Had been reduced. 
To Rubble. 

4939
04:24:50,400 --> 04:24:54,700
And the infrastructure races. 
Necessary for daily life water. 

4940
04:24:55,500 --> 04:24:57,900
Electricity. 
Food Supplies. 

4941
04:24:58,700 --> 04:25:00,900
Was obliterated. 
The people. 

4942
04:25:02,100 --> 04:25:05,600
Starling grad. 
Face the Monumental task. 

4943
04:25:06,700 --> 04:25:09,200
Of rebuilding their lives and 
their City. 

4944
04:25:10,200 --> 04:25:13,300
From the Ashes. 
Yet, even in the face. 

4945
04:25:14,300 --> 04:25:17,000
Such devastation. 
There was a sense. 

4946
04:25:17,900 --> 04:25:21,600
Of Pride and determination among
the survivors. 

4947
04:25:22,600 --> 04:25:26,800
In endured the unendurable and 
emerged Victorious. 

4948
04:25:26,800 --> 04:25:30,100
The Soviet government. 
Worked with swiftly. 

4949
04:25:30,900 --> 04:25:33,300
To rebuild, Starling Grande. 
The city. 

4950
04:25:34,700 --> 04:25:39,000
Symbol. 
Of resilience and sacrifice a 

4951
04:25:39,000 --> 04:25:43,200
beacon of Soviet strength and 
determination propaganda. 

4952
04:25:44,100 --> 04:25:46,400
Celebrated the victory as a 
Triumph. 

4953
04:25:47,200 --> 04:25:50,700
Of socialism. 
And the indomitable Spirit of 

4954
04:25:50,700 --> 04:25:54,100
the Soviet people. 
The rebuilding effort was 

4955
04:25:54,100 --> 04:25:57,600
immense. 
And though the scars of War. 

4956
04:25:58,400 --> 04:26:00,900
Were not easily erased. 
City. 

4957
04:26:01,600 --> 04:26:04,300
Slowly Rose. 
From its ashes. 

4958
04:26:05,900 --> 04:26:08,100
For the German army. 
The defeat. 

4959
04:26:09,400 --> 04:26:12,600
Starling Grande. 
Was a catastrophe. 

4960
04:26:13,600 --> 04:26:16,100
From which it would never fully 
recover. 

4961
04:26:17,100 --> 04:26:19,600
The loss. 
Of the sixth Army. 

4962
04:26:20,500 --> 04:26:24,200
One of Germany's. 
Most experienced and well 

4963
04:26:24,200 --> 04:26:26,400
equipped. 
Fighting forces. 

4964
04:26:27,400 --> 04:26:30,000
Was a devastating blow. 
Morale. 

4965
04:26:30,800 --> 04:26:33,700
Among German troops. 
On the Eastern Front. 

4966
04:26:34,500 --> 04:26:36,900
Plummeted. 
And the aura. 

4967
04:26:37,800 --> 04:26:42,100
Of invincibility. 
That had surrounded, the 

4968
04:26:42,100 --> 04:26:45,100
Fairmount. 
Since the beginning. 

4969
04:26:46,200 --> 04:26:48,800
The war. 
Was shattered. 

4970
04:26:50,300 --> 04:26:53,000
Hitler's refusal. 
To allow a retreat. 

4971
04:26:54,500 --> 04:26:57,600
His insistent on holding 
Starling grad. 

4972
04:26:58,600 --> 04:27:02,400
At all costs. 
And the Ultimate Surrender. 

4973
04:27:03,600 --> 04:27:06,000
Of Palace. 
And his forces. 

4974
04:27:07,800 --> 04:27:12,000
Exposed the floors. 
In Germany's military strategy. 

4975
04:27:12,800 --> 04:27:16,200
And Leadership. 
The Soviets capitalized. 

4976
04:27:16,900 --> 04:27:22,400
On their victory at Stalingrad. 
Launching a series of offensive.

4977
04:27:23,400 --> 04:27:26,700
That pushed the Germans. 
Further and further west. 

4978
04:27:27,600 --> 04:27:31,700
The red armies momentum. 
Gained such great cost in 

4979
04:27:31,700 --> 04:27:35,300
Starling grad. 
Carried them all the way to 

4980
04:27:35,300 --> 04:27:38,500
Berlin. 
By the spring of 1945. 

4981
04:27:39,800 --> 04:27:44,600
The victory at Stalingrad. 
Was the foundation upon which 

4982
04:27:44,600 --> 04:27:50,100
the eventual Soviet Triumph. 
In World War 2 was built Beyond 

4983
04:27:50,100 --> 04:27:55,000
its military significant. 
The Battle of Stalingrad left to

4984
04:27:55,000 --> 04:27:58,800
profound Legacy in the 
collective memory of the world, 

4985
04:27:58,800 --> 04:28:01,900
it became a symbol. 
Of resilience. 

4986
04:28:03,300 --> 04:28:06,800
Sacrifice. 
And the unyielding human spirit.

4987
04:28:07,900 --> 04:28:12,500
Stories. 
The soldiers and civilians, who 

4988
04:28:12,500 --> 04:28:16,500
ended the battle. 
Stories of heroism, endurance 

4989
04:28:16,500 --> 04:28:20,700
and survival. 
Continue to resonate their 

4990
04:28:20,700 --> 04:28:24,900
experiences remind us. 
Of the horrors of War. 

4991
04:28:25,700 --> 04:28:31,100
The cost of conflict and the 
strength of the human will to 

4992
04:28:31,100 --> 04:28:36,000
persevere. 
People of Stalingrad, their 

4993
04:28:36,000 --> 04:28:40,700
cities name became synonymous 
with courage and defiance. 

4994
04:28:41,900 --> 04:28:44,900
In 1961 during a wave of 
destabilization. 

4995
04:28:44,900 --> 04:28:50,800
And the Soviet Union, the city 
was renamed Volgograd yet, the 

4996
04:28:50,800 --> 04:28:52,700
memory of the Battle of 
Stalingrad. 

4997
04:28:53,800 --> 04:28:57,400
Remained deeply embedded in the 
hearts of those who lived 

4998
04:28:57,400 --> 04:28:59,600
through it. 
And those who came after. 

4999
04:29:01,200 --> 04:29:05,200
The name star in grad continues 
to evoke the profound 

5000
04:29:05,200 --> 04:29:08,100
sacrifices. 
Made during those grueling 

5001
04:29:08,100 --> 04:29:12,600
months of battle. 
The battlefields of Starling 

5002
04:29:12,600 --> 04:29:18,200
Grande have since been preserved
as places of remembrance and 

5003
04:29:18,200 --> 04:29:21,300
reflection. 
The mamey Ferg and Memorial 

5004
04:29:21,300 --> 04:29:25,600
complex with its towering, 
statue of the motherland calls. 

5005
04:29:26,300 --> 04:29:28,700
Stands as a testament. 
Courage. 

5006
04:29:29,600 --> 04:29:33,000
And sacrifice. 
Of those who fought and died 

5007
04:29:33,000 --> 04:29:35,700
there. 
Visitors from around the world. 

5008
04:29:36,800 --> 04:29:38,300
Come to walk, the Hallowed 
Ground. 

5009
04:29:39,200 --> 04:29:41,800
To honor the memory. 
Of the Fallen. 

5010
04:29:42,600 --> 04:29:45,500
And to reflect on the lessons of
History. 

5011
04:29:46,700 --> 04:29:49,300
As we look back on the Battle of
Stalingrad. 

5012
04:29:49,300 --> 04:29:54,700
It serves as a reminder, Of the 
resilience of the human spirit 

5013
04:29:54,700 --> 04:29:59,600
in the face of unimaginable 
adversity, it is a story. 

5014
04:30:00,500 --> 04:30:06,300
Of sacrifice, and survival of 
Hope and determination of the 

5015
04:30:06,308 --> 04:30:08,700
enduring belief in the 
possibility. 

5016
04:30:09,700 --> 04:30:12,900
Of a better future. 
As you rest tonight. 

5017
04:30:13,900 --> 04:30:16,400
Let the story. 
Of Starling Grande. 

5018
04:30:17,300 --> 04:30:23,400
Remind you. strength, that lies 
within us, all In the quiet 

5019
04:30:23,400 --> 04:30:27,000
streets. 
Of the rebuilt City, the soft 

5020
04:30:27,000 --> 04:30:30,200
Whispers. 
Of the Volga River and the 

5021
04:30:30,208 --> 04:30:35,400
Stillness. but now, blankets A 
place once filled with chaos, 

5022
04:30:35,400 --> 04:30:41,100
let the courage and sacrifice. 
Of those who endured Inspire 

5023
04:30:41,100 --> 04:30:44,300
peace and gratitude in your 
heart. 

5024
04:30:45,200 --> 04:30:49,800
The legacy of the Battle of 
Stalingrad extends Beyond its 

5025
04:30:49,800 --> 04:30:53,700
historical and Military 
significance, it has become a 

5026
04:30:53,700 --> 04:30:59,000
symbol of human endurance. 
The cost of War and the hope for

5027
04:30:59,000 --> 04:31:01,900
reconciliation. 
The rebuilding of Stalingrad. 

5028
04:31:02,900 --> 04:31:03,600
Later. 
Renamed. 

5029
04:31:03,600 --> 04:31:07,700
Volgograd Was not merely a 
physical Endeavor, but an 

5030
04:31:07,700 --> 04:31:10,800
emotional. 
And cultural Journey, every 

5031
04:31:10,800 --> 04:31:15,800
stone, laid, every home rebuilt.
Was a testament to the 

5032
04:31:15,800 --> 04:31:20,700
resilience of the people who 
survived the horrors of War. 

5033
04:31:21,700 --> 04:31:26,000
In the aftermath of the battle. 
The city became a focal point. 

5034
04:31:27,600 --> 04:31:31,900
For the Soviet Union's Narrative
of Victory and sacrifice. 

5035
04:31:32,800 --> 04:31:35,000
Monuments. 
Were erected. 

5036
04:31:36,400 --> 04:31:39,300
To commemorate The Bravery of 
those who fought. 

5037
04:31:40,300 --> 04:31:45,700
Such as the eternal flame. 
That burns in memory of the 

5038
04:31:45,700 --> 04:31:49,100
Fallen. 
The massive statue of the 

5039
04:31:49,100 --> 04:31:53,100
motherland, calls, one of the 
tallest statues in the world. 

5040
04:31:54,000 --> 04:31:57,900
Towers over the landscape as a 
powerful reminder of the battle 

5041
04:31:57,900 --> 04:32:01,100
significance. 
It is not just a symbol of 

5042
04:32:01,100 --> 04:32:05,200
Victory but a tribute to the 
unbreakable will of the 

5043
04:32:05,200 --> 04:32:09,500
Defenders and the civilians who 
endured unimaginable suffering. 

5044
04:32:11,300 --> 04:32:14,300
Decades. 
The memory of Stalingrad. 

5045
04:32:15,800 --> 04:32:17,700
Shaped the Soviet Union's, 
identity. 

5046
04:32:19,300 --> 04:32:22,400
And its portrayal. 
On the global stage. 

5047
04:32:23,400 --> 04:32:26,100
The battle was celebrated in 
films. 

5048
04:32:26,800 --> 04:32:28,900
Literature. 
And art. 

5049
04:32:29,700 --> 04:32:31,800
Each retelling emphasizing the 
unity. 

5050
04:32:32,900 --> 04:32:35,000
A termination of the Soviet 
people. 

5051
04:32:35,900 --> 04:32:37,800
The city became a pilgrimage 
site. 

5052
04:32:39,200 --> 04:32:42,800
For veteran's their families and
historians. 

5053
04:32:43,900 --> 04:32:47,900
Seeking to understand. 
The profound impact. 

5054
04:32:49,500 --> 04:32:52,200
Of this defining moment. 
In history. 

5055
04:32:53,300 --> 04:32:57,100
On a more personal level. 
Stories of those. 

5056
04:32:57,900 --> 04:33:02,100
Who fought and survived. 
The battle have been passed 

5057
04:33:02,100 --> 04:33:05,200
down. 
Through generations. 

5058
04:33:06,099 --> 04:33:09,800
Veterans, share their 
experiences. with their children

5059
04:33:09,800 --> 04:33:16,500
and grandchildren that the 
sacrifices made at Stalingrad. 

5060
04:33:17,599 --> 04:33:21,000
Would never be forgotten. 
These personal accounts. 

5061
04:33:22,099 --> 04:33:27,099
Filled with both sorrow and 
pride at depth, to the 

5062
04:33:27,099 --> 04:33:30,900
historical narrative and remind 
us of the humanity. 

5063
04:33:31,800 --> 04:33:34,400
Behind the statistics. 
Globally. 

5064
04:33:36,099 --> 04:33:39,300
Stalingrad has become a symbol. 
Of resistance. 

5065
04:33:41,200 --> 04:33:44,000
And perseverance. 
Its name is invoked. 

5066
04:33:45,500 --> 04:33:50,400
In discussion of strategy, 
endurance and the high cost of 

5067
04:33:50,400 --> 04:33:52,300
War. 
For historians. 

5068
04:33:53,200 --> 04:33:56,900
And Military Scholars. 
The battle offers countless 

5069
04:33:56,900 --> 04:34:00,400
lessons on tactics. 
Leadership. 

5070
04:34:01,700 --> 04:34:04,200
And the interplay. 
Of morale. 

5071
04:34:04,700 --> 04:34:07,000
And Logistics. 
For ordinary people. 

5072
04:34:08,300 --> 04:34:10,900
Stands, as a reminder of what 
can be achieved. 

5073
04:34:11,900 --> 04:34:15,500
When the human Spirit refuses. 
To yield. 

5074
04:34:17,000 --> 04:34:20,300
In recent years. 
Efforts have been made. 

5075
04:34:21,400 --> 04:34:23,599
To preserve the memory of 
Stalingrad. 

5076
04:34:24,900 --> 04:34:27,900
While fostering a spirit. 
Of reconciliation. 

5077
04:34:29,800 --> 04:34:32,599
Memorials. 
And museums. 

5078
04:34:33,900 --> 04:34:37,099
Now, serve not only as places of
remembrance. 

5079
04:34:38,599 --> 04:34:42,099
But also, as venues for dialogue
and education. 

5080
04:34:43,900 --> 04:34:47,099
They encourage visitors. 
To reflect on the consequences 

5081
04:34:47,099 --> 04:34:50,300
of War. 
And the important. 

5082
04:34:51,300 --> 04:34:54,700
Of working toward peace. 
The city of vulgar grad. 

5083
04:34:55,400 --> 04:34:59,700
Wild forever tied to its past is
also a thriving modern 

5084
04:34:59,700 --> 04:35:02,500
Metropolis. 
Its people have rebuilt their 

5085
04:35:02,500 --> 04:35:06,500
lives and created a Vibrant 
Community that honors its 

5086
04:35:06,500 --> 04:35:10,599
history while looking to the 
Future, the scars of the battle 

5087
04:35:10,599 --> 04:35:15,200
remain in some places. 
But they serve as reminders. 

5088
04:35:16,800 --> 04:35:19,500
Of resilience rather than 
destruction. 

5089
04:35:20,900 --> 04:35:24,300
The lessons of Stalingrad. 
Resonate today. 

5090
04:35:25,099 --> 04:35:27,800
Reminding us. 
Of the importance. 

5091
04:35:28,700 --> 04:35:31,400
Of unity in the face. 
Of adversity. 

5092
04:35:32,500 --> 04:35:36,800
The necessity of standing firm. 
For what is right? 

5093
04:35:36,800 --> 04:35:40,000
And the value. 
Of seeking peace. 

5094
04:35:40,900 --> 04:35:44,500
Even in the darkest times. 
It teaches us. 

5095
04:35:45,599 --> 04:35:50,200
That the human spirit. 
When fueled by determination and

5096
04:35:50,200 --> 04:35:53,000
Hope. 
Can endure. 

5097
04:35:53,700 --> 04:35:57,900
Even the greatest challenges. 
As you settle in to rest. 

5098
04:35:58,700 --> 04:36:04,300
Let the story of Starling grad. 
Fill you with a sense of 

5099
04:36:04,300 --> 04:36:06,500
reflection. 
A gratitude. 

5100
04:36:08,099 --> 04:36:12,099
Picture of the car. 
Serene city of Volgograd today. 

5101
04:36:13,300 --> 04:36:14,700
Streets. 
Filled with life. 

5102
04:36:15,599 --> 04:36:19,900
Its people moving forward. 
While carrying the memory of 

5103
04:36:19,900 --> 04:36:23,599
their past. 
And imagine the Stillness of the

5104
04:36:23,599 --> 04:36:27,300
fields and the gentle flow of 
the Volga River. 

5105
04:36:28,900 --> 04:36:32,400
Now, a place of peace and 
renewal. 

5106
04:36:33,300 --> 04:36:38,000
The story of the Battle of 
Stalingrad is Rich with details 

5107
04:36:38,000 --> 04:36:42,400
and facts. 
That help us understand the 

5108
04:36:42,400 --> 04:36:47,400
scale of the conflict and the 
impact it had on the course of 

5109
04:36:47,400 --> 04:36:49,900
World War Two, as we reflect 
further. 

5110
04:36:50,700 --> 04:36:55,099
On this pivotal event. 
Let's explore some key facts 

5111
04:36:55,099 --> 04:36:58,099
that bring its history into 
sharper. 

5112
04:36:58,099 --> 04:37:01,200
Focus. 
The Battle of Stalin grad, 

5113
04:37:01,200 --> 04:37:06,400
lasted for 200 days. 
From August 23rd, 1942. 

5114
04:37:07,500 --> 04:37:11,500
To February 2nd 1943. 
It is considered one of the 

5115
04:37:11,500 --> 04:37:15,500
longest and bloodiest battles. 
In the history. 

5116
04:37:16,400 --> 04:37:18,900
Of warfare. 
The total. 

5117
04:37:19,599 --> 04:37:22,800
Number of casualties is 
estimated that over 2 million. 

5118
04:37:22,800 --> 04:37:26,300
Making it one of the deadliest 
kills his battles in human 

5119
04:37:26,300 --> 04:37:29,500
history. 
These figures include soldiers 

5120
04:37:29,500 --> 04:37:33,300
from both sides as well as 
countless tea civilians caught 

5121
04:37:33,300 --> 04:37:36,700
in the crossfire the German 6th 
Army. 

5122
04:37:36,700 --> 04:37:40,200
Led by General Friedrich. 
Payolas was one of the most 

5123
04:37:40,200 --> 04:37:42,200
formidable bear forces in 
Hitler's military. 

5124
04:37:43,200 --> 04:37:47,000
At its peak. 
The sixth Army was comprised of 

5125
04:37:47,000 --> 04:37:53,599
over 300,000 soldiers. by the 
end of the battle, nearly 91,000

5126
04:37:53,599 --> 04:37:56,300
German soldiers who were taking 
prisoner, including General, 

5127
04:37:56,300 --> 04:38:00,000
Palace himself, The Soviet 
strategy of hugging the enemy. 

5128
04:38:00,599 --> 04:38:03,900
Staying in close combat to 
neutralize the Germans artillery

5129
04:38:03,900 --> 04:38:08,099
and air superiority played a 
critical role in the city's 

5130
04:38:08,099 --> 04:38:10,700
defense. 
This tactic turned the urban 

5131
04:38:10,700 --> 04:38:14,300
ruins of style and grad into a 
deadly maze for the German 

5132
04:38:14,300 --> 04:38:17,900
forces. 
The series XF, a Soviet sniper 

5133
04:38:17,900 --> 04:38:22,099
became a symbol Defenders 
resilience during the battle. 

5134
04:38:22,099 --> 04:38:28,000
He is credited with killing over
20025 German soldiers, including

5135
04:38:28,000 --> 04:38:33,000
enemy snipers which boosted the 
morale of his comrades operation

5136
04:38:33,000 --> 04:38:38,200
Uranus Soviet counter offensive 
launched in November 1942 was a 

5137
04:38:38,207 --> 04:38:42,200
brilliantly executed maneuver by
attacking the week of flanks of 

5138
04:38:42,200 --> 04:38:46,000
the German forces held by 
Romanian and Italian troops. 

5139
04:38:46,000 --> 04:38:49,900
The Soviets were able is to 
encircle and trap the German 6th

5140
04:38:49,900 --> 04:38:53,800
Army within the city. 
The German soldiers trapped in 

5141
04:38:53,800 --> 04:38:57,500
the encirclement known as the 
castle or cauldron. 

5142
04:38:58,200 --> 04:39:02,400
Endured horrific conditions. 
Faced starvation freezing 

5143
04:39:02,400 --> 04:39:06,200
temperatures and Relentless 
Soviet, assaults supplies 

5144
04:39:06,200 --> 04:39:08,500
delivered. 
By are woefully inadequate 

5145
04:39:08,500 --> 04:39:11,599
leading to widespread suffering 
and death. 

5146
04:39:12,599 --> 04:39:16,800
One of the defining moments of 
the battle was, Hitler's refusal

5147
04:39:16,800 --> 04:39:19,800
to allow powerless to retreat, 
or break out of the 

5148
04:39:19,800 --> 04:39:23,500
encirclement. 
This decision sealed, the fate 

5149
04:39:23,500 --> 04:39:27,400
of the sixth Army and marked a 
significant turning point in the

5150
04:39:27,400 --> 04:39:30,300
war. 
When General Palace surrendered 

5151
04:39:30,300 --> 04:39:36,599
on February 2nd 1943, it was the
first time in history that a 

5152
04:39:36,599 --> 04:39:39,000
German field Marshal had been 
captured alive. 

5153
04:39:39,800 --> 04:39:43,900
This was a major humiliation for
Hitler and a symbolic victory 

5154
04:39:43,900 --> 04:39:47,900
for the Allies, the Soviet 
victory at Starling Grand. 

5155
04:39:47,900 --> 04:39:52,200
Mark the beginning of a series 
of a fence that pushed the 

5156
04:39:52,200 --> 04:39:54,900
German forces back across 
Eastern Europe. 

5157
04:39:54,900 --> 04:39:59,100
It was a critical turning point 
that shifted the momentum of the

5158
04:39:59,100 --> 04:40:02,900
war in favor of the Allies, the 
city of Starling, graded, 

5159
04:40:02,900 --> 04:40:08,600
Volgograd in 1961 has become a 
place of remembrance monuments, 

5160
04:40:08,600 --> 04:40:11,200
like the Maia of Kirk and the 
motherland calls. 

5161
04:40:12,000 --> 04:40:15,700
Servers powerful, tributes to 
those who fought and died during

5162
04:40:15,700 --> 04:40:18,600
the battle despite its 
Association while with 

5163
04:40:18,600 --> 04:40:20,100
destruction Deanne and 
suffering. 

5164
04:40:20,900 --> 04:40:24,900
Stalingrad is also a symbol of 
resilience unity and the 

5165
04:40:24,908 --> 04:40:28,900
indomitable human spirit. 
Story continues to inspire 

5166
04:40:28,900 --> 04:40:30,300
people. 
Around the world. 

5167
04:40:30,300 --> 04:40:36,200
Reminding us of the importance. 
Courage and perseverance as you 

5168
04:40:36,200 --> 04:40:40,400
reflect on these facts that the 
weights of History settled 

5169
04:40:40,400 --> 04:40:46,000
gently in your mind, each detail
each moment of Bravery for us 

5170
04:40:46,000 --> 04:40:49,700
and sacrifice. 
Adds to the tapestry of this 

5171
04:40:49,700 --> 04:40:53,600
remarkable story. 
Imagine The Quiet streets of 

5172
04:40:53,600 --> 04:40:57,200
vulgar grad today. 
City that has risen From the 

5173
04:40:57,200 --> 04:41:00,800
Ashes of War standing as a 
testament, to the enduring 

5174
04:41:00,800 --> 04:41:04,600
strength of the human Spirit. 
The first voice came not with 

5175
04:41:04,600 --> 04:41:07,900
thunderous Clarity, but as a 
whisper easily mistaken for Wind

5176
04:41:07,900 --> 04:41:11,900
Through the garden, I was 13 
Gathering herbs behind my 

5177
04:41:11,908 --> 04:41:16,100
father, Jacques house in Tommy. 
Most people remember me? 

5178
04:41:16,100 --> 04:41:18,600
Describing the voice as 
appearing with blinding light at

5179
04:41:18,600 --> 04:41:22,900
noon, but the truth differs it 
was actually dusk the owl when 

5180
04:41:22,900 --> 04:41:25,100
Shadows transform into something
else entirely. 

5181
04:41:26,000 --> 04:41:29,300
Jahan. 
It said my name in the old 

5182
04:41:29,300 --> 04:41:33,000
tongue, it was familiar. 
Not commanding, nor frightening 

5183
04:41:33,000 --> 04:41:35,000
like someone who had known me 
before. 

5184
04:41:35,000 --> 04:41:38,700
I knew myself, I dropped my 
basket herb scattering across 

5185
04:41:38,700 --> 04:41:41,000
soil. 
Still warm from the day's son. 

5186
04:41:41,600 --> 04:41:43,100
No one had prepared me for this 
moment. 

5187
04:41:43,100 --> 04:41:46,900
Even though our priest father, 
the Franti frequently spoke 

5188
04:41:46,900 --> 04:41:50,500
about Saints and visions. 
People imagine I was overcome 

5189
04:41:50,500 --> 04:41:53,800
with religious Ecstasy, but my 
initial reaction was irritation.

5190
04:41:53,800 --> 04:41:55,900
I had chores to finish before 
dark. 

5191
04:41:55,900 --> 04:41:59,200
And mother would scold me for 
dallying only, when the voice 

5192
04:41:59,200 --> 04:42:00,800
came again. 
Three days later, while I 

5193
04:42:00,800 --> 04:42:02,400
attended our sheep, did I begin 
to understand. 

5194
04:42:02,400 --> 04:42:05,300
It was Michael, the Archangel 
though he did not announce 

5195
04:42:05,300 --> 04:42:07,800
himself, grandly he simply began
speaking. 

5196
04:42:07,800 --> 04:42:11,700
As if he were continuing along 
established conversation our 

5197
04:42:11,700 --> 04:42:15,300
village existed in Perpetual 
anxiety, the English and began 

5198
04:42:15,300 --> 04:42:17,800
to raided regularly. 
Forcing us to flee with our 

5199
04:42:17,800 --> 04:42:20,500
livestock to the nearby 
fortified island of Volare. 

5200
04:42:21,400 --> 04:42:23,400
My father served as a village 
official Dean. 

5201
04:42:23,400 --> 04:42:26,200
They called him and I watched 
how the weight of protecting 

5202
04:42:26,200 --> 04:42:29,400
others bet his shoulders, when 
he returned from bearing, 

5203
04:42:29,400 --> 04:42:33,900
neighbors killed in raids. 
He'd sit silently by our half. 

5204
04:42:35,500 --> 04:42:39,600
Staring at nothing. 
This was the inheritance of 

5205
04:42:39,600 --> 04:42:42,700
every child in Lorraine. 
The knowledge that safety was 

5206
04:42:42,700 --> 04:42:44,700
temporary violence. 
Inevitable. 

5207
04:42:46,300 --> 04:42:49,200
The voices Catherine and 
Margaret joined, Michael. 

5208
04:42:49,200 --> 04:42:52,300
Eventually did not immediately 
speak of saving France. 

5209
04:42:52,300 --> 04:42:56,600
He spoke of me how I must remain
pure, how I must listen 

5210
04:42:56,600 --> 04:42:59,400
carefully. 
People think I was a simple girl

5211
04:42:59,400 --> 04:43:03,300
that Simplicity was impossible 
in our border region where 

5212
04:43:03,300 --> 04:43:08,000
language loyalty and custom 
blurred, we spoke a dialect that

5213
04:43:08,000 --> 04:43:11,000
was neither purely French. 
Nor German we pledged allegiance

5214
04:43:11,000 --> 04:43:13,200
to Lords whose names changed 
with the seasons. 

5215
04:43:14,200 --> 04:43:17,100
You will recognize the dofa. 
They told me once though I had 

5216
04:43:17,100 --> 04:43:19,900
never traveled beyond our Valley
and had never seen nobility safe

5217
04:43:19,900 --> 04:43:23,800
for occasional passing nights. 
How I inquired, my ignorance 

5218
04:43:23,800 --> 04:43:27,500
weighing heavily on my mind, you
will know was all they answered.

5219
04:43:27,500 --> 04:43:29,700
Mother taught me to sow and 
spin. 

5220
04:43:29,708 --> 04:43:33,000
Not knowing these domestic 
skills would later serve me well

5221
04:43:33,000 --> 04:43:35,700
in Army Camps. 
Father taught me to manage off 

5222
04:43:35,700 --> 04:43:39,000
few acres and to recognize when 
rain threaten the hay Harvest. 

5223
04:43:39,800 --> 04:43:42,900
These mundane lessons proved as 
crucial as anything the voices 

5224
04:43:42,900 --> 04:43:45,800
in parted. 
I hit the voices from everyone, 

5225
04:43:45,800 --> 04:43:48,200
especially my dear friend over 
yet. 

5226
04:43:49,000 --> 04:43:51,000
We gathered flowers for the 
church altars together. 

5227
04:43:51,008 --> 04:43:54,600
Gossiped about Village, boys and
waded in the Meuse River during 

5228
04:43:54,600 --> 04:43:57,700
Summer's heat. 
Normalcy became my disguise. 

5229
04:43:57,700 --> 04:44:00,100
When my mother, spoke of 
arranging a marriage with the 

5230
04:44:00,108 --> 04:44:02,700
son of a nearby farmer. 
I neither agreed. 

5231
04:44:02,700 --> 04:44:05,700
Nor objected though the voices 
had already commanded, my 

5232
04:44:05,700 --> 04:44:09,700
virginity be preserved I simply 
continued spinning wool, 

5233
04:44:09,700 --> 04:44:12,800
kneading bread and appearing 
unchanged while something 

5234
04:44:12,800 --> 04:44:16,000
profound transformed. 
Within me the summer, I turned 

5235
04:44:16,000 --> 04:44:18,900
16 English forces. 
Pushed deeper into our region. 

5236
04:44:18,900 --> 04:44:21,100
I watched refugees stream 
through. 

5237
04:44:21,100 --> 04:44:25,000
Domini women carrying whatever 
possessions they could save men 

5238
04:44:25,000 --> 04:44:27,700
with haunted eyes and children 
to exhausted to cry. 

5239
04:44:27,700 --> 04:44:31,200
They brought stories of 
villages, burned of harvest 

5240
04:44:31,200 --> 04:44:34,600
destroyed, and of casual 
cruelties inflicted by mercenary

5241
04:44:34,600 --> 04:44:36,700
soldiers, who fought for coin 
rather than calls. 

5242
04:44:37,600 --> 04:44:40,000
One night while our family 
sheltered in the church during a

5243
04:44:40,000 --> 04:44:42,300
raid. 
I watched a woman Rock her dead.

5244
04:44:42,300 --> 04:44:45,800
Infant refusing to acknowledge 
the child had stopped breathing 

5245
04:44:45,800 --> 04:44:49,400
hours before. 
Something hardened in me, then a

5246
04:44:49,400 --> 04:44:51,400
resolve that matched, the voice 
is growing urgency. 

5247
04:44:52,600 --> 04:44:54,600
It is time. 
Michael told me as Autumn Leaves

5248
04:44:54,600 --> 04:44:57,800
fell as France bleeds. 
The King's son hides while the 

5249
04:44:57,800 --> 04:45:01,100
kingdom crumbles. 
I'm a girl who cannot read. 

5250
04:45:01,100 --> 04:45:03,400
I answered. 
I've never held a sword. 

5251
04:45:04,100 --> 04:45:06,500
Yet you will lead armies. 
Catherine replied. 

5252
04:45:07,300 --> 04:45:10,400
I laughed aloud at this 
absurdity earning a questioning 

5253
04:45:10,400 --> 04:45:12,800
look from my brother Pierre as 
we gathered kindling in the 

5254
04:45:12,808 --> 04:45:17,000
forest. you were chosen before 
birth Margaret, added not for 

5255
04:45:17,000 --> 04:45:21,000
your knowledge, but for your 
heart, As winter approached 

5256
04:45:21,000 --> 04:45:23,600
burgundy and soldiers burned 
part of our village. 

5257
04:45:23,600 --> 04:45:26,300
I helped neighbors. 
Salvage what remained of their 

5258
04:45:26,300 --> 04:45:29,300
homes by digging through Ash for
cooking pots and for anything 

5259
04:45:29,300 --> 04:45:32,100
usable. 
The voices, grew more insistent 

5260
04:45:32,100 --> 04:45:35,100
speaking, not just in Quiet 
Moments, but during daily tasks 

5261
04:45:35,100 --> 04:45:37,700
during mass. 
And during rare moments of 

5262
04:45:37,700 --> 04:45:42,200
Village celebration, Go to 
Learners, they commanded speak 

5263
04:45:42,200 --> 04:45:46,700
to Robert de Boudreaux, the name
the Garrison Commander, a Gruff 

5264
04:45:46,700 --> 04:45:48,600
Soldier loyal to the uncrowned 
fair. 

5265
04:45:48,600 --> 04:45:50,800
What? 
I didn't know was how a peasant 

5266
04:45:50,800 --> 04:45:53,600
girl might gain his audience, 
how I might convince him of the 

5267
04:45:53,600 --> 04:45:56,200
Divine messages. 
Only, I could hear, but the 

5268
04:45:56,200 --> 04:45:57,600
voice is left, no room for 
doubt. 

5269
04:45:57,600 --> 04:46:01,300
I would go, I would speak. 
I would begin this impossible 

5270
04:46:01,300 --> 04:46:03,800
Journey. 
So, I planted my hair one. 

5271
04:46:03,800 --> 04:46:05,400
Final time before. 
Cutting it away. 

5272
04:46:05,400 --> 04:46:08,200
Trading A daughter's life for 
something without precedent. 

5273
04:46:08,200 --> 04:46:10,900
My cousin Johan left. 
Thought I was insane. 

5274
04:46:10,900 --> 04:46:12,800
When I asked him to escort me to
Valkyrie. 

5275
04:46:13,400 --> 04:46:16,600
A practical man with calloused 
hands and a Perpetual Furrow 

5276
04:46:16,600 --> 04:46:19,000
between his brows and 
nonetheless agreed perhaps out 

5277
04:46:19,000 --> 04:46:21,600
of curiosity about what a 
transformed his once quiet, 

5278
04:46:21,600 --> 04:46:25,100
cousin into someone who spoke 
with unnerving certainty. 

5279
04:46:25,800 --> 04:46:27,600
Three times. 
You will knock on the captain's 

5280
04:46:27,600 --> 04:46:29,900
door. 
Katherine told me twice. 

5281
04:46:29,900 --> 04:46:33,100
He will refuse you the third 
time, he will listen. 

5282
04:46:34,500 --> 04:46:38,300
During the January journey to 
vulner my feet became numb from 

5283
04:46:38,300 --> 04:46:42,000
wearing worn, leather shoes, 
Frost glazed the bare trees, 

5284
04:46:42,000 --> 04:46:44,200
like, spun sugar, beautiful and 
bitter. 

5285
04:46:44,200 --> 04:46:48,200
I'd never traveled so far from 
home a mere 20 miles that 

5286
04:46:48,200 --> 04:46:51,600
stretched like a pilgrimage. 
Jerome filled silence is with 

5287
04:46:51,600 --> 04:46:54,000
nervous chatter about his 
Vineyard and about Village 

5288
04:46:54,000 --> 04:46:55,900
gossip. 
Carefully, avoiding questions 

5289
04:46:55,900 --> 04:46:58,300
about my purpose until we 
crested the final Hill. 

5290
04:46:59,400 --> 04:47:01,000
What exactly will you say to 
him? 

5291
04:47:01,000 --> 04:47:04,300
He finally asked as vocalists 
stonewall's, came into view. 

5292
04:47:04,300 --> 04:47:08,500
The truth seemed both too simple
and to extraordinary Voices From

5293
04:47:08,500 --> 04:47:11,100
Heaven commanded me to seek an 
audience with the Garrison 

5294
04:47:11,100 --> 04:47:14,100
Commander, so that I could 
eventually lead the dofan to his

5295
04:47:14,108 --> 04:47:18,300
coronation at Ryan's. 
Instead I said only what God 

5296
04:47:18,300 --> 04:47:22,000
wishes me to say. 
Boudreau's guard snickered at 

5297
04:47:22,000 --> 04:47:24,100
the sight of me a peasant, girl,
in a home. 

5298
04:47:24,100 --> 04:47:26,500
Spun dress requesting an 
audience with their Commander, 

5299
04:47:26,500 --> 04:47:30,100
but something in my dimona made 
them hesitate to Simply turn me 

5300
04:47:30,100 --> 04:47:32,500
away. 
Perhaps it was the way I stood 

5301
04:47:32,500 --> 04:47:35,100
as if inhabited by something 
larger than myself. 

5302
04:47:35,900 --> 04:47:38,600
They brought record to the 
Courtyard rather than admitting 

5303
04:47:38,600 --> 04:47:41,900
me to his quarters, a public 
humiliation intended to 

5304
04:47:41,900 --> 04:47:45,800
discourage further persistence. 
The Heavenly Lord has a messages

5305
04:47:45,800 --> 04:47:47,400
concerning the welfare of 
France. 

5306
04:47:47,400 --> 04:47:51,200
I announced borrowing formality.
I'd never needed in Domini. 

5307
04:47:51,800 --> 04:47:55,300
Boudreaux bearded broad 
shouldered perpetually armored 

5308
04:47:55,300 --> 04:47:58,300
even in peace time laughed, not 
cruelty. 

5309
04:47:58,300 --> 04:48:01,300
But with the weariness of a man 
besieged by people claiming 

5310
04:48:01,300 --> 04:48:03,400
special knowledge and desperate 
times. 

5311
04:48:04,300 --> 04:48:07,500
Return to your father child, he 
said, learn to improve your 

5312
04:48:07,500 --> 04:48:09,600
thread spinning skills and stead
of telling stories. 

5313
04:48:10,600 --> 04:48:13,900
I did not argue the voices had 
prepared me for rejection. 

5314
04:48:13,900 --> 04:48:17,200
Your own looked relieved as we 
left believing the matter 

5315
04:48:17,200 --> 04:48:20,600
concluded, but I remained in 
vocalo, staying with distant 

5316
04:48:20,600 --> 04:48:23,500
relatives, the kindly wheel, 
right Honore and his wife 

5317
04:48:23,500 --> 04:48:27,200
Catherine larae who took me in 
despite their confusion about my

5318
04:48:27,200 --> 04:48:29,000
purpose. 
Daily. 

5319
04:48:29,000 --> 04:48:32,500
I attended mass at the chapel of
Saint Marie, kneeling, on Stone 

5320
04:48:32,500 --> 04:48:34,100
floors. 
That bruised, my knees. 

5321
04:48:35,000 --> 04:48:37,500
Townspeople began noticing. 
The strange girl, who prayed 

5322
04:48:37,500 --> 04:48:41,100
with unusual intensity. 
Some mocked me some others. 

5323
04:48:41,100 --> 04:48:44,000
Sensing something Beyond 
ordinary Faith, began asking for

5324
04:48:44,000 --> 04:48:46,700
blessings, for prayer's specific
to, their troubles. 

5325
04:48:47,700 --> 04:48:50,800
I have no power to bless. 
I told a woman who brought her 

5326
04:48:50,800 --> 04:48:53,500
feverish child. 
I am only a messenger. 

5327
04:48:54,700 --> 04:48:57,900
Yet I placed my hands on the 
child's forehead feeling heat 

5328
04:48:57,900 --> 04:49:00,600
radiating through Papyrus skin 
and prayed. 

5329
04:49:00,600 --> 04:49:03,200
Anyway, When the fever broke 
three days later. 

5330
04:49:03,200 --> 04:49:07,000
Whispers about me change tenor. 
I was back at Beauregard's door 

5331
04:49:07,000 --> 04:49:09,600
six days. 
After my initial rejection, this

5332
04:49:09,600 --> 04:49:12,600
time, he received me properly in
his Chambers, curious about 

5333
04:49:12,600 --> 04:49:14,300
rumors circulating through his 
town. 

5334
04:49:15,500 --> 04:49:18,500
He stood before his massive oak 
desk, my shadow small against 

5335
04:49:18,500 --> 04:49:21,700
the Stonewall behind me. 
You claim Heaven speaks to you. 

5336
04:49:21,700 --> 04:49:25,200
He said not bothering with a 
greeting, not claims truth. 

5337
04:49:26,200 --> 04:49:28,200
The steadiness in my voice 
surprised even me. 

5338
04:49:29,100 --> 04:49:33,200
Today, nearly all are forces of 
suffered defeat. 

5339
04:49:34,000 --> 04:49:37,600
Skirmish near a place called 
rovere The Ambush targeted men 

5340
04:49:37,600 --> 04:49:40,100
carrying, Lenten, fish and 
provision for the besieged. 

5341
04:49:40,100 --> 04:49:43,400
You will receive confirmation of
the situation in days. 

5342
04:49:44,400 --> 04:49:46,800
I had not known these words 
would come from my mouth until 

5343
04:49:46,800 --> 04:49:50,100
they emerge the voices had 
whispered to the moments before 

5344
04:49:50,100 --> 04:49:53,600
and just to end his chamber 
bojack's expression, change from

5345
04:49:53,600 --> 04:49:58,900
skepticism to guarded caution. 
If the story proves true, he 

5346
04:49:58,900 --> 04:50:01,600
began. 
When it proves true, I corrected

5347
04:50:01,600 --> 04:50:05,500
you will provide me an escort to
she know, He dismissed me 

5348
04:50:05,500 --> 04:50:08,600
without commitment Messengers, 
confirmed the battle of the 

5349
04:50:08,600 --> 04:50:11,500
herrings four days later while 
my prediction was not 

5350
04:50:11,500 --> 04:50:15,100
particularly detailed its 
verification startled, Boudreaux

5351
04:50:15,100 --> 04:50:17,900
into taking me. 
Seriously, on my third visit, he

5352
04:50:17,900 --> 04:50:21,300
listened fully I must dress as a
man explained. 

5353
04:50:21,300 --> 04:50:24,600
The journey is dangerous and I 
have been promised protection. 

5354
04:50:24,600 --> 04:50:28,400
If I maintain my virtue, what I 
didn't say is that the voice is 

5355
04:50:28,400 --> 04:50:31,500
sometimes revealed to me, 
glimpses of what awaited, roads 

5356
04:50:31,500 --> 04:50:34,600
crawling with burgundy, and 
patrols English archers and 

5357
04:50:34,600 --> 04:50:37,300
Forest, Clearing and rivers 
swollen with winter melt. 

5358
04:50:38,100 --> 04:50:41,100
A woman traveling would face 
dangers, Beyond enemy soldiers. 

5359
04:50:41,900 --> 04:50:44,300
The voices promised, safety, but
required prudence. 

5360
04:50:44,900 --> 04:50:48,500
Boudreaux commission, Male 
clothing for me a dark Woolen 

5361
04:50:48,500 --> 04:50:51,500
tunic leggings and a boot that 
he needed stuffing at the toes. 

5362
04:50:52,200 --> 04:50:54,500
Border core, cut my hair even 
shorter cropping. 

5363
04:50:54,500 --> 04:50:57,600
It close to my scalp when I 
dressed in these garments for 

5364
04:50:57,600 --> 04:50:59,900
the first time, the Hawaii 
watched with troubled 

5365
04:50:59,900 --> 04:51:03,800
Fascination Henry crossed 
himself, Catherine white tears. 

5366
04:51:03,800 --> 04:51:07,700
You look honestly, started 
unable to find appropriate 

5367
04:51:07,700 --> 04:51:09,900
words. 
Like God's instrument. 

5368
04:51:09,900 --> 04:51:13,800
I finished for him, though, I 
felt only like myself, simply 

5369
04:51:13,800 --> 04:51:18,100
clad differently, Jean de Mets 
and bertrande pulan G, two of 

5370
04:51:18,100 --> 04:51:21,400
boat records, men volunteered to
accompany me to know. 

5371
04:51:21,900 --> 04:51:24,600
Both later claimed divine 
inspiration, moved them to offer

5372
04:51:24,600 --> 04:51:26,400
an escort. 
But I saw more Earthly 

5373
04:51:26,400 --> 04:51:29,400
calculation in their eyes 
curiosity about whether the 

5374
04:51:29,400 --> 04:51:32,500
strange girl might truly have 
Heavenly favor whether their 

5375
04:51:32,500 --> 04:51:34,000
fortunes might Rise by 
proximity. 

5376
04:51:35,100 --> 04:51:38,500
The night before departure Bode 
recore summoned, me once more, 

5377
04:51:38,500 --> 04:51:42,000
the chambers single candle cast,
dramatic Shadows across his 

5378
04:51:42,000 --> 04:51:44,200
face. 
Deepening already severe 

5379
04:51:44,200 --> 04:51:47,200
features. 
If you are deceiving us, if you 

5380
04:51:47,200 --> 04:51:51,200
lead my men into danger, through
false prophecy he let the threat

5381
04:51:51,200 --> 04:51:54,300
hang unfinished. 
I move only as directed I 

5382
04:51:54,300 --> 04:51:56,900
answered your men. 
Safety is precious to heaven. 

5383
04:51:57,800 --> 04:52:01,000
He handed me a sword, then not 
ceremoniously, but with a 

5384
04:52:01,000 --> 04:52:03,300
practicality that acknowledge 
the dangers ahead. 

5385
04:52:04,300 --> 04:52:07,300
Can you use this? 
I had never held a sword before 

5386
04:52:07,300 --> 04:52:10,400
its weight. 
Surprised me, the cool against 

5387
04:52:10,400 --> 04:52:13,400
my palm. 
I will not need to I said, 

5388
04:52:13,400 --> 04:52:16,700
others will fight. 
I carry the standard. 

5389
04:52:17,700 --> 04:52:21,800
This answer so specific yet, so 
odd seemed to finally convinced 

5390
04:52:21,800 --> 04:52:25,600
him, he nodded once, reclaim the
sword and uttered words that 

5391
04:52:25,600 --> 04:52:28,800
would become famous, despite 
their lack of theatrical Flair 

5392
04:52:28,800 --> 04:52:32,900
in their actual delivery. 
Go then and let come what comes?

5393
04:52:33,700 --> 04:52:37,900
The following morning, February 
23rd, I departed vocular, with 

5394
04:52:37,900 --> 04:52:41,500
my small escort, townspeople 
gathered to watch some touching 

5395
04:52:41,500 --> 04:52:43,500
my garments as if I were already
a saint. 

5396
04:52:44,100 --> 04:52:45,900
A woman pressed a rosary into my
hand. 

5397
04:52:45,900 --> 04:52:48,600
A blacksmith crossed himself as 
I passed. 

5398
04:52:48,600 --> 04:52:51,900
I did not look back at the 
town's gate, even though home 

5399
04:52:51,900 --> 04:52:55,900
sickness was already pulling at 
me, not for Dom Remi, but for a 

5400
04:52:55,900 --> 04:52:58,100
Simplicity that I had now 
irrevocably lost. 

5401
04:52:59,100 --> 04:53:02,300
Ahead layer 11 days of hard 
travel through enemy territory 

5402
04:53:02,300 --> 04:53:06,100
and beyond that challenges. 
I could scarcely imagine but 

5403
04:53:06,100 --> 04:53:09,100
Michael's voice accompanied me 
Steady as my heartbeat. 

5404
04:53:09,900 --> 04:53:12,600
France is Liberation begins with
each step. 

5405
04:53:12,600 --> 04:53:16,000
You take the journey to Shin on 
tested face, more than physical 

5406
04:53:16,000 --> 04:53:18,500
endurance. 
We traveled mainly at night, 

5407
04:53:18,500 --> 04:53:21,900
avoiding main roads, where 
English and begun patrols short 

5408
04:53:21,900 --> 04:53:24,500
travelers to Rob or Ransom 
during daylight hours. 

5409
04:53:24,500 --> 04:53:27,000
We hid in a band and Shepherd's,
Huts, or dense Woodland. 

5410
04:53:28,000 --> 04:53:29,800
Genre Mets. 
And how long G? 

5411
04:53:29,800 --> 04:53:32,900
Initially insisted I sleep 
separate from them to protect my

5412
04:53:32,900 --> 04:53:36,400
virtue but practicality soon, 
dissolved such courtesies. 

5413
04:53:36,400 --> 04:53:40,500
We huddled together for warmth. 
In February's biting cold, my 

5414
04:53:40,500 --> 04:53:43,300
male attire and their honor 
providing sufficient barriers. 

5415
04:53:44,200 --> 04:53:47,100
My companions attitudes toward 
me, evolved during our journey 

5416
04:53:47,100 --> 04:53:50,200
initial skepticism transformed 
into cautious. 

5417
04:53:50,200 --> 04:53:53,200
Reverence after we narrowly 
avoided a Burgundian Patrol that

5418
04:53:53,200 --> 04:53:57,100
should have intercepted us. 
The wind shifted pooling gear 

5419
04:53:57,100 --> 04:53:59,600
remarked, not connecting the 
sudden, weather change to my 

5420
04:53:59,608 --> 04:54:04,000
silent prayer moments before 
Later when we reached a swollen 

5421
04:54:04,000 --> 04:54:06,100
river, that Maps showed, no 
Crossing for Miles. 

5422
04:54:06,100 --> 04:54:10,000
A local boy appeared as if 
conjured guiding us to a hidden 

5423
04:54:10,000 --> 04:54:13,100
Ford. 
My escorts exchanged meaningful 

5424
04:54:13,100 --> 04:54:16,400
glances, but I knew these were 
not Miracles, merely the 

5425
04:54:16,400 --> 04:54:18,200
everyday, working of divine 
guidance. 

5426
04:54:19,300 --> 04:54:21,800
Will you truly recognize the 
doffo Jean asked? 

5427
04:54:21,800 --> 04:54:24,400
One evening as we warmed. 
Our hands over a small 

5428
04:54:24,400 --> 04:54:28,000
carefully, shielded fire They 
say he often hides among his 

5429
04:54:28,000 --> 04:54:31,800
courtiers to test visitors. 
God will identify his anointed, 

5430
04:54:31,800 --> 04:54:34,400
I answered though. 
Private, I wondered how this 

5431
04:54:34,400 --> 04:54:37,100
recognition would manifest. 
Voices. 

5432
04:54:37,100 --> 04:54:39,900
Remained frustratingly. 
Vague on practical details. 

5433
04:54:40,700 --> 04:54:44,300
We reached Shin on March 6th, 
but two more days passed before 

5434
04:54:44,300 --> 04:54:47,400
gaining entrance to the castle. 
We launched in the town below 

5435
04:54:47,400 --> 04:54:50,400
where I endured the first of 
many examinations by Church 

5436
04:54:50,400 --> 04:54:53,300
officials balls and sent to 
determine whether my claims were

5437
04:54:53,300 --> 04:54:57,100
divine inspiration, demonic 
influence, or simple Madness. 

5438
04:54:57,800 --> 04:54:59,500
How can we know God speaks 
through. 

5439
04:54:59,500 --> 04:55:01,800
You demanded. 
An elderly priest, with 

5440
04:55:01,800 --> 04:55:04,900
yellowed, fingers and breathes, 
sour from fasting. 

5441
04:55:05,900 --> 04:55:07,700
By the signs that follow. 
I replied. 

5442
04:55:07,700 --> 04:55:09,500
Remembering Catherine's 
coaching. 

5443
04:55:10,200 --> 04:55:13,200
God does not ask for Blind 
Faith, but provides confirmation

5444
04:55:13,200 --> 04:55:15,700
for those who truly seek. 
What? 

5445
04:55:15,700 --> 04:55:17,500
Signs have you performed? 
None. 

5446
04:55:17,500 --> 04:55:19,300
Yet signs. 
Are not tricks. 

5447
04:55:19,300 --> 04:55:20,900
Of The Conjurer performed on 
demand. 

5448
04:55:20,900 --> 04:55:24,800
They unfold as needed. 
He seemed satisfied with this 

5449
04:55:24,800 --> 04:55:27,800
answer, which surprised me. 
Later. 

5450
04:55:27,800 --> 04:55:31,300
I learned he reported favorably 
on my Orthodoxy noting I 

5451
04:55:31,300 --> 04:55:34,800
answered questions about faith 
with simple Clarity rather than 

5452
04:55:34,800 --> 04:55:37,000
elaborate theological 
constructions, that might 

5453
04:55:37,000 --> 04:55:41,200
suggest educated heretical 
influences when I eventually 

5454
04:55:41,200 --> 04:55:44,400
gained entry to the castle, I 
faced a plan challenge. 

5455
04:55:45,300 --> 04:55:48,100
Charles not yet crowned and 
increasingly doubtful of his 

5456
04:55:48,100 --> 04:55:50,600
legitimacy. 
Had a range for another man to 

5457
04:55:50,600 --> 04:55:53,900
sit on the throne while he stood
among dozens of richly dressed 

5458
04:55:53,900 --> 04:55:57,100
courtiers. 
The Great Hall, blazed, with 

5459
04:55:57,100 --> 04:56:00,700
hundreds of candles their light 
reflecting off, Jewels fingers, 

5460
04:56:00,700 --> 04:56:03,000
and gold, and threads woven 
through Noble garments. 

5461
04:56:03,800 --> 04:56:07,300
The assembled Court, watched 
expectantly many smirking at the

5462
04:56:07,300 --> 04:56:09,000
prospect of a peasant girls 
confusion. 

5463
04:56:09,900 --> 04:56:13,300
I had never seen such finery 
such concentrated wealth. 

5464
04:56:14,100 --> 04:56:17,400
For a moment, my confidence 
wavered, these were people whose

5465
04:56:17,400 --> 04:56:19,900
everyday garments cost more than
my family earned in years. 

5466
04:56:19,900 --> 04:56:23,600
What arrogance? 
Brought me here Then Margaret 

5467
04:56:23,600 --> 04:56:26,300
whispered not in my ear but 
directly within my mind. 

5468
04:56:26,300 --> 04:56:30,400
Remember your purpose, you are 
not sent to be dazzled by 

5469
04:56:30,400 --> 04:56:34,000
Earthly riches. 
Without hesitation, I walked 

5470
04:56:34,000 --> 04:56:36,500
directly through the crowd 
toward a plainly Dressed Man 

5471
04:56:36,500 --> 04:56:39,100
Standing among the courtiers 
kneeling before him. 

5472
04:56:39,100 --> 04:56:41,000
I said what the voice is 
prompted. 

5473
04:56:41,800 --> 04:56:44,700
God gives you life and Glory, 
gentle dofa. 

5474
04:56:45,500 --> 04:56:49,200
Charles's face registered shock 
quickly, controlled I am not the

5475
04:56:49,200 --> 04:56:50,500
king. 
He protested. 

5476
04:56:50,500 --> 04:56:54,000
Maintaining the charade. 
I did not call you King. 

5477
04:56:54,000 --> 04:56:58,200
I answered, you are the dofa but
you will be king when properly 

5478
04:56:58,200 --> 04:57:03,000
consecrated at Raya as his God's
will. the court mermaid, Charles

5479
04:57:03,000 --> 04:57:06,200
gestured for seclusion, guiding 
me to a window ledge where we 

5480
04:57:06,200 --> 04:57:10,100
could Converse discreetly If you
truly come from God, he said, 

5481
04:57:10,100 --> 04:57:13,300
quietly tell me something, only 
Divine knowledge could reveal. 

5482
04:57:14,400 --> 04:57:16,800
A repeated words, Michael had 
give me during our journey. 

5483
04:57:17,700 --> 04:57:19,400
You made a private prayer at All
Saints. 

5484
04:57:19,400 --> 04:57:22,500
Last November asking God, for 
confirmation of your right to 

5485
04:57:22,500 --> 04:57:25,500
the throne questioning whether 
your mother's reputation spoke 

5486
04:57:25,500 --> 04:57:27,600
truth about your birth. 
God answers. 

5487
04:57:27,600 --> 04:57:30,300
Now you are the legitimate heir 
to France. 

5488
04:57:30,300 --> 04:57:34,400
Your suffering is seen your 
doubts are understood, but you 

5489
04:57:34,400 --> 04:57:36,600
must claim what heaven has 
preserved for you. 

5490
04:57:38,000 --> 04:57:41,600
Charles paled visibly he later 
confirmed that he had prayed 

5491
04:57:41,600 --> 04:57:44,800
this prayer in solitude. 
That I knew its contents 

5492
04:57:44,800 --> 04:57:46,400
convinced him when nothing else 
might have. 

5493
04:57:47,400 --> 04:57:50,400
Yet, despite this private 
conviction, Charles remained 

5494
04:57:50,400 --> 04:57:53,300
publicly cautious. 
I was subjected to further 

5495
04:57:53,300 --> 04:57:56,200
examinations including three 
weeks of questioning by 

5496
04:57:56,200 --> 04:57:59,400
theologians at poitiers who 
probed for heretical beliefs or 

5497
04:57:59,400 --> 04:58:03,000
signs of demonic influence. 
They examined my body for 

5498
04:58:03,000 --> 04:58:07,000
witches marks, questioned, by 
insistence on mayo and tested. 

5499
04:58:07,000 --> 04:58:09,700
My knowledge of Christian 
doctrine, what history really 

5500
04:58:09,700 --> 04:58:12,300
records, is the humiliation of 
these examinations. 

5501
04:58:12,300 --> 04:58:15,200
And the indignity of learning 
men, debating, where the, my 

5502
04:58:15,200 --> 04:58:18,600
virginity indicated Divine 
protection, or simply a lack of 

5503
04:58:18,608 --> 04:58:21,000
opportunity. 
As well as whether my voice is 

5504
04:58:21,000 --> 04:58:25,000
were Angels or clever demons. 
One elderly, Theologian 

5505
04:58:25,000 --> 04:58:26,700
suggested. 
I might simply suffer from 

5506
04:58:26,700 --> 04:58:29,100
female hysteria due to my 
unmarried state. 

5507
04:58:30,000 --> 04:58:33,400
Perhaps a replied evenly. 
The does hysteria typically 

5508
04:58:33,400 --> 04:58:36,700
predict military outcomes or 
recognized King's? 

5509
04:58:37,600 --> 04:58:39,800
During these weeks of 
examination, I grew increasingly

5510
04:58:39,800 --> 04:58:43,900
frustrated by delays, all Leon 
remained Under Siege, its 

5511
04:58:43,900 --> 04:58:46,900
situation deteriorating, the 
voices, became more urgent. 

5512
04:58:46,900 --> 04:58:50,400
Sometimes waking me from sleep 
with commands to move quickly. 

5513
04:58:51,100 --> 04:58:54,800
Time, Slips Away, Michael 
warned, France's heart weakens 

5514
04:58:54,800 --> 04:58:56,200
with each passengers passing 
day. 

5515
04:58:56,200 --> 04:58:58,900
I petition Charles repeatedly 
for Action. 

5516
04:58:58,900 --> 04:59:01,200
Facing resistance from his 
advisor. 

5517
04:59:01,200 --> 04:59:03,900
George de La Creme wire who 
viewed me as a threat to his 

5518
04:59:03,900 --> 04:59:06,700
influence. 
The maid makes Bold claims. 

5519
04:59:06,700 --> 04:59:10,100
He told Charles within my 
hearing yet, prophecies a cheap,

5520
04:59:10,100 --> 04:59:13,400
while soldiers lives a dire 
prophecies, may be cheap, I 

5521
04:59:13,400 --> 04:59:15,800
counter it. 
But the price of ignorance is 

5522
04:59:15,800 --> 04:59:18,900
the fall of your kingdom. 
Charles wavered between 

5523
04:59:18,900 --> 04:59:21,700
believing my Divine mandate and 
fearing the consequences of 

5524
04:59:21,700 --> 04:59:25,400
following an unproven visionary.
What finally convinced him was 

5525
04:59:25,400 --> 04:59:29,300
pragmatism all conventional 
military strategies had faild. 

5526
04:59:30,000 --> 04:59:32,500
His treasury emptied while 
English territory in France 

5527
04:59:32,500 --> 04:59:35,000
expanded. 
What harm could come from, 

5528
04:59:35,000 --> 04:59:37,100
allowing me to attempt, lifting 
The Siege at all. 

5529
04:59:37,100 --> 04:59:39,500
Should I fail? 
My losses would be minimal 

5530
04:59:39,500 --> 04:59:41,100
compared to the Daily losses 
already. 

5531
04:59:41,100 --> 04:59:46,600
Incurred. if I succeeded, the 
reward was in calculable in late

5532
04:59:46,600 --> 04:59:49,800
April, after nearly 7 weeks of 
delay in examination, Charles, 

5533
04:59:49,800 --> 04:59:53,700
finally granted me my mission. 
I was provided armor made to my 

5534
04:59:53,708 --> 04:59:57,000
measurements lightweight plate, 
that nonetheless felt foreign 

5535
04:59:57,000 --> 04:59:59,700
against my body. 
The sword given to me was 

5536
04:59:59,700 --> 05:00:02,600
serviceable but ordinary, not 
the special blade. 

5537
05:00:02,600 --> 05:00:06,300
I described seeing in my visions
There is a sword Meant, For Me, 

5538
05:00:06,300 --> 05:00:10,200
Explain to Charles buried behind
the altar at Saint, Catherine, 

5539
05:00:10,200 --> 05:00:14,100
de Fierro it Bears, five crosses
on its blade and has Lain there 

5540
05:00:14,100 --> 05:00:17,700
since Charles martel's time. 
Charles still testing the limits

5541
05:00:17,700 --> 05:00:19,700
of My Strange. 
Knowledge sent men to 

5542
05:00:19,708 --> 05:00:21,600
investigate this oddly specific 
claim. 

5543
05:00:21,600 --> 05:00:24,800
They indeed found an ancient 
sword buried exactly where 

5544
05:00:24,800 --> 05:00:29,200
described its existence unknown 
to the local priests This sword 

5545
05:00:29,200 --> 05:00:31,300
became my physical token of 
divine sanction. 

5546
05:00:31,300 --> 05:00:34,800
However, I primarily carried a 
standard in stead of Wheeling 

5547
05:00:34,800 --> 05:00:38,200
weapons. 
The standard was my design, a 

5548
05:00:38,200 --> 05:00:41,700
White Field adorned with flooded
Lee bearing, the name's Jesus 

5549
05:00:41,700 --> 05:00:45,500
Maria and depicting God, holding
the world with angels at his 

5550
05:00:45,500 --> 05:00:47,900
side. 
This banana would proceed me 

5551
05:00:47,900 --> 05:00:50,600
into battle a visible. 
Reminder that are caused 

5552
05:00:50,600 --> 05:00:54,000
Heavenly blessing. 
Before departing on. 

5553
05:00:54,000 --> 05:00:57,100
I dictated a letter to the 
English commanders surrounding 

5554
05:00:57,100 --> 05:01:00,000
or our warning them to depart 
from France or face. 

5555
05:01:00,000 --> 05:01:03,300
Divine judgment, The Scribe. 
Who recorded my words kept 

5556
05:01:03,300 --> 05:01:06,200
glancing up in disbelief as 
increasingly forceful language 

5557
05:01:06,200 --> 05:01:08,000
flowed from The Peasant, girl 
before him. 

5558
05:01:08,900 --> 05:01:12,200
Surrender to the maid sent by 
God, the king of Heaven, you 

5559
05:01:12,200 --> 05:01:14,500
will not hold the kingdom of 
France from God, the king of 

5560
05:01:14,500 --> 05:01:17,600
heaven, son of Saint, Mary King,
Charles the true heir. 

5561
05:01:18,200 --> 05:01:23,100
Will hold it for God wills it. 
When read aloud afterward, the 

5562
05:01:23,100 --> 05:01:27,100
word sounded strange to my ears,
both mine and not mine, carrying

5563
05:01:27,100 --> 05:01:29,300
an authority. 
I'd never possessed in domini. 

5564
05:01:29,300 --> 05:01:32,700
The courtyards exchange, 
troubled glance is uncertain, 

5565
05:01:32,700 --> 05:01:35,400
whether they witnessed inspired 
prophecy or dangerous delusion. 

5566
05:01:36,500 --> 05:01:40,000
However, Charles had chosen to 
support my journey, Charles had 

5567
05:01:40,000 --> 05:01:41,600
gathered equipment and assembled
troops. 

5568
05:01:41,600 --> 05:01:43,800
The Impossible campaign was 
about to begin. 

5569
05:01:44,900 --> 05:01:48,100
On the evening before our 
departure for all, I stood alone

5570
05:01:48,100 --> 05:01:51,000
on the castle. 
Ramparts watching spring Stars 

5571
05:01:51,000 --> 05:01:55,400
emerge. home sickness washed 
over me unexpectedly, not for my

5572
05:01:55,400 --> 05:01:58,800
Village specifically, but for 
anonymity for the piece of 

5573
05:01:58,800 --> 05:02:03,100
tending sheep on quiet Hillside 
Having doubts, Catherine asked 

5574
05:02:03,100 --> 05:02:06,900
her voice gentle within my mind.
No doubts I answered silently. 

5575
05:02:07,900 --> 05:02:10,600
Simply a conscious understanding
of what you can't take back. 

5576
05:02:11,700 --> 05:02:15,300
The path Narrows before you. 
Shingled remember, why you were 

5577
05:02:15,300 --> 05:02:19,300
chosen not for skill with sword 
or strategy, but for perfect 

5578
05:02:19,300 --> 05:02:22,800
faith in God's plan. 
I nodded though. 

5579
05:02:22,800 --> 05:02:24,700
No human eyes witnessed this 
private exchange. 

5580
05:02:25,600 --> 05:02:29,000
Perfect faith. 
It was not blindness to Danger 

5581
05:02:29,000 --> 05:02:32,800
nor an absence of fear, but a 
willingness to proceed despite 

5582
05:02:32,800 --> 05:02:36,400
both With that understanding, I 
descended to prepare for 

5583
05:02:36,400 --> 05:02:39,300
departure. 
Ready to transform from examined

5584
05:02:39,300 --> 05:02:42,700
curiosity to Battlefield. 
Commander we departed tours on 

5585
05:02:42,700 --> 05:02:45,700
April 27th, with supplies and 
reinforcements for the besieged 

5586
05:02:45,700 --> 05:02:47,700
city. 
But conflict emerged immediately

5587
05:02:47,700 --> 05:02:49,400
between military commanders and 
me. 

5588
05:02:49,400 --> 05:02:51,900
A teenage girl claiming Divine 
guidance. 

5589
05:02:52,900 --> 05:02:57,100
The Army's veteran captains 
genre and Etienne de Vil. 

5590
05:02:57,100 --> 05:03:00,400
Regarded me with open 
skepticism, they had whether 

5591
05:03:00,400 --> 05:03:02,200
years of defeats and developed 
cautious. 

5592
05:03:02,200 --> 05:03:06,900
Strategies avoid confrontation 
preserve remaining forces and 

5593
05:03:06,900 --> 05:03:09,100
accept that Allie on would 
eventually fall like other 

5594
05:03:09,100 --> 05:03:12,400
strong holds before it. 
God did not send me to follow 

5595
05:03:12,400 --> 05:03:14,200
cautious men. 
I informed them. 

5596
05:03:14,200 --> 05:03:17,200
During our first Council 
Alliance will not fall. 

5597
05:03:17,200 --> 05:03:19,400
We will not merely deliver 
supplies. 

5598
05:03:19,400 --> 05:03:21,300
We will break The Siege 
entirely. 

5599
05:03:22,300 --> 05:03:25,800
La here. 
A notorious Soldier known for 

5600
05:03:25,800 --> 05:03:28,700
Creative profanity. 
Stared at me in disbelief. 

5601
05:03:29,500 --> 05:03:32,300
With what divine win to blow the
English away. 

5602
05:03:32,300 --> 05:03:35,600
They outnumber us, they have 
secure their positions. 

5603
05:03:35,600 --> 05:03:37,900
They outnumbered David against 
Goliath. 

5604
05:03:37,900 --> 05:03:41,100
I replied numbers mean nothing 
against God's will. 

5605
05:03:42,500 --> 05:03:45,100
These exchanges established our 
working relationship. 

5606
05:03:45,100 --> 05:03:48,300
They planned according to 
military experience and I 

5607
05:03:48,308 --> 05:03:51,300
insisted on more aggressive 
action than conventional wisdom 

5608
05:03:51,300 --> 05:03:54,300
suggested was prudent, the 
compromise that emerged 

5609
05:03:54,300 --> 05:03:56,600
involved, approaching all they 
are from an unexpected 

5610
05:03:56,600 --> 05:03:59,600
Direction, crossing the Loire, 
rather than confronting the 

5611
05:03:59,600 --> 05:04:01,200
stronger English positions 
directly. 

5612
05:04:02,400 --> 05:04:04,900
This decision portrayed in 
Chronicles as my strategic 

5613
05:04:04,900 --> 05:04:08,200
Brilliance actually resulted 
from practical necessity 

5614
05:04:08,200 --> 05:04:11,900
combined with fortunate timing. 
Spring rains had made the river 

5615
05:04:11,900 --> 05:04:14,800
higher than usual, limiting 
Crossing points, but also 

5616
05:04:14,800 --> 05:04:16,800
focusing English defensive 
positions. 

5617
05:04:17,500 --> 05:04:21,300
My inspiration to approach from 
the East, simply utilized 

5618
05:04:21,300 --> 05:04:23,500
terrain. 
The English had deemed too 

5619
05:04:23,500 --> 05:04:27,000
difficult to defend heavily We 
reached the laws, Southern Bank,

5620
05:04:27,000 --> 05:04:30,500
on, April 29th, where I dictated
another letter to the English 

5621
05:04:30,500 --> 05:04:32,700
commanders. 
This one delivered by Harold 

5622
05:04:32,700 --> 05:04:36,300
directly to their lines. 
You may have England who have no

5623
05:04:36,300 --> 05:04:39,700
right in the Kingdom of France. 
Go away in to your country in 

5624
05:04:39,700 --> 05:04:42,500
God's name. 
And if you do not do this, wait 

5625
05:04:42,500 --> 05:04:45,700
Tiding from the maid who will 
come to see you shortly to your 

5626
05:04:45,708 --> 05:04:49,200
very great injury. 
The English soldiers who heard 

5627
05:04:49,200 --> 05:04:51,900
this message? 
Reportedly laughed asking if the

5628
05:04:51,908 --> 05:04:55,400
French had grown so desperate, 
they now sent girls to fight 

5629
05:04:55,400 --> 05:04:57,900
their battles. 
William, Glasgow their Commander

5630
05:04:57,900 --> 05:05:01,000
sent back a message, threatening
to burn me as a witch, and hang 

5631
05:05:01,000 --> 05:05:02,400
those who followed me as 
Heretics. 

5632
05:05:02,400 --> 05:05:06,400
If captured fear clenched, my 
stomach upon hearing this not of

5633
05:05:06,400 --> 05:05:09,400
burning specifically, but a 
failure of leading others to 

5634
05:05:09,400 --> 05:05:13,400
death, through misplaced 
confidence. that night, I prayed

5635
05:05:13,400 --> 05:05:16,900
longer than usual seeking 
reassurance from my voices, who 

5636
05:05:16,900 --> 05:05:20,300
had grown somewhat quiet since 
my departure from shinyu, The 

5637
05:05:20,300 --> 05:05:23,200
English threatened fire. 
I whispered to the darkness of 

5638
05:05:23,200 --> 05:05:25,400
my tent. 
All human flesh. 

5639
05:05:25,400 --> 05:05:28,200
Fears Flames Margaret answered 
compassionately. 

5640
05:05:28,200 --> 05:05:32,500
But remember, the true fire is 
God's purpose burning through. 

5641
05:05:32,500 --> 05:05:35,700
You it consumes doubt and 
illuminates the path. 

5642
05:05:36,900 --> 05:05:40,500
On April 30th, we successfully 
transported, supplies, and Ally 

5643
05:05:40,500 --> 05:05:43,700
on Via river, barges bringing 
desperately needed Provisions to

5644
05:05:43,700 --> 05:05:46,700
the city's Defenders. 
I entered that evening during a 

5645
05:05:46,700 --> 05:05:50,200
rainstorm soaked and physically 
exhausted, but filled with 

5646
05:05:50,200 --> 05:05:53,900
strange exhilaration citizens 
line, the narrow streets, 

5647
05:05:53,900 --> 05:05:57,800
despite the weather, reaching to
touch my armor or standard as if

5648
05:05:57,800 --> 05:06:01,700
I carry a tangible blessing. 
Jacques Bouchee the city 

5649
05:06:01,700 --> 05:06:03,600
treasurer offered his home for 
my lodging. 

5650
05:06:03,600 --> 05:06:07,200
His daughter, Charlotte closest 
to my age among the household 

5651
05:06:07,200 --> 05:06:09,300
helped, remove my arm about 
that. 

5652
05:06:09,300 --> 05:06:13,100
The first evening she gasped 
seeing bruises already forming 

5653
05:06:13,100 --> 05:06:15,700
Where Metal had pressed against 
my skin during the long ride. 

5654
05:06:16,600 --> 05:06:19,900
Does it hurt terribly? 
She asked applying herbal Salve 

5655
05:06:19,900 --> 05:06:23,200
to the worst marks. 
Less than fear hurts this city. 

5656
05:06:23,200 --> 05:06:25,100
I answered. 
The truth was. 

5657
05:06:25,100 --> 05:06:27,000
I barely noticed. 
Physical discomfort. 

5658
05:06:27,000 --> 05:06:29,700
My focus had narrowed to a 
single purpose. 

5659
05:06:29,700 --> 05:06:31,900
Fulfilling. 
What the voice is promised. 

5660
05:06:33,100 --> 05:06:35,000
Following days brought 
increasing frustration. 

5661
05:06:36,100 --> 05:06:40,500
Military commanders insisted on 
gradual approaches small gains 

5662
05:06:40,500 --> 05:06:42,000
and careful conservation of 
resources. 

5663
05:06:42,000 --> 05:06:46,700
I demanded immediate decisive 
action against key, English 

5664
05:06:46,700 --> 05:06:50,900
fortifications, each wall counts
all became a battle itself, me 

5665
05:06:50,900 --> 05:06:55,600
against experienced soldiers, 
who saw my urgency as naivete On

5666
05:06:55,600 --> 05:06:58,300
May 4th while commanders 
deliberated yet, another 

5667
05:06:58,300 --> 05:07:02,600
cautious plan a briefly in the 
chamber within dreamlike 

5668
05:07:02,600 --> 05:07:04,600
moments. 
Michael appeared with unusual 

5669
05:07:04,600 --> 05:07:07,200
clarity. 
They attack the Eastern Gate. 

5670
05:07:07,200 --> 05:07:13,000
He stated without Preamble now. 
I woke instantly calling for my 

5671
05:07:13,000 --> 05:07:15,800
Squire to help with armor. 
Charlotte who had been mending 

5672
05:07:15,800 --> 05:07:19,000
nearby looked startled. 
At my sudden urgency what 

5673
05:07:19,000 --> 05:07:21,900
happens. 
She asked Eastern Gate. 

5674
05:07:21,900 --> 05:07:25,000
Was all, I managed while 
struggling through my padded 

5675
05:07:25,000 --> 05:07:28,600
undergarment fighting has begun.
Indeed, while commanders planned

5676
05:07:28,600 --> 05:07:31,600
English forces, had launched a 
surprise assault against Saint 

5677
05:07:31,600 --> 05:07:34,100
Luke, one of the Cities Eastern 
fortifications. 

5678
05:07:35,100 --> 05:07:37,800
By the time I reached the area 
French Defenders were already 

5679
05:07:37,800 --> 05:07:40,900
retreating in disarray. 
Without waiting for formal 

5680
05:07:40,900 --> 05:07:43,100
orders. 
I wrote directly to the conflict

5681
05:07:43,100 --> 05:07:45,700
with the standard raised High 
soldiers. 

5682
05:07:45,700 --> 05:07:48,600
Later described the events, as 
miraculous noting, how 

5683
05:07:48,600 --> 05:07:51,800
retreating men turned back upon 
seeing me, and how they broke 

5684
05:07:51,800 --> 05:07:54,000
and courage. 
Transformed into a determined 

5685
05:07:54,000 --> 05:07:56,600
Advance. 
The reality was less mystical, 

5686
05:07:56,600 --> 05:08:00,700
but no, less effective. 
In the confusion of battle, a 

5687
05:08:00,700 --> 05:08:04,200
symbolic focal point. 
Distinctive figure on Horseback 

5688
05:08:04,200 --> 05:08:07,900
with an unmistakable Banner, 
provided a rallying point and 

5689
05:08:07,900 --> 05:08:11,400
renewed purpose. 
Who Retreats When Heaven fights 

5690
05:08:11,400 --> 05:08:14,100
alongside us? 
I called my voice carrying 

5691
05:08:14,100 --> 05:08:15,800
surprisingly. 
Well, across the dinner of 

5692
05:08:15,800 --> 05:08:19,100
combat forward. 
God has delivered them into our 

5693
05:08:19,100 --> 05:08:23,700
hands. 
The battle turned by evening. 

5694
05:08:23,700 --> 05:08:27,300
Saint Luke had fallen to our 
forces this Victory while modest

5695
05:08:27,300 --> 05:08:30,100
and strategic terms. 
Transformed perceptions 

5696
05:08:30,100 --> 05:08:33,400
soldiers, who were doubted began
viewing me with superstitious 

5697
05:08:33,400 --> 05:08:35,900
ore? 
Commanders who had dismissed my 

5698
05:08:35,900 --> 05:08:38,900
Council became more willing to 
listen yet challenges to 

5699
05:08:38,900 --> 05:08:42,500
Authority continued. 
On May the 5th June. 

5700
05:08:42,500 --> 05:08:45,000
What attempted to exclude me 
from councils planning 

5701
05:08:45,000 --> 05:08:47,900
operations without my knowledge.
Upon discovering this, I 

5702
05:08:47,900 --> 05:08:51,300
confronted him directly. 
Do you believe you can conceal 

5703
05:08:51,300 --> 05:08:54,600
God's battle from his messenger?
I demanded interrupting their 

5704
05:08:54,600 --> 05:08:57,100
closed meeting. 
Why do you plot in Shadows? 

5705
05:08:57,100 --> 05:09:00,700
When Heaven watches are a 
gardener intelligent politically

5706
05:09:00,700 --> 05:09:03,600
astute recognized the changing 
mood among troops. 

5707
05:09:03,600 --> 05:09:07,000
We sought only to spare you, the
technical details your 

5708
05:09:07,000 --> 05:09:11,700
diplomatically Spare me nothing.
I counted, I was not sent to be 

5709
05:09:11,708 --> 05:09:15,800
spared, but to lead. 
The following day, The Assault 

5710
05:09:15,800 --> 05:09:18,400
on sound, genre Blanc, and the 
Augustana Fortress took place. 

5711
05:09:18,400 --> 05:09:21,700
This incident was one of the key
events that solidified my 

5712
05:09:21,700 --> 05:09:23,300
reputation among common 
soldiers. 

5713
05:09:23,300 --> 05:09:26,500
English Defenders had positioned
archers to cover the main 

5714
05:09:26,508 --> 05:09:29,400
approach. 
As our forces hesitated under 

5715
05:09:29,400 --> 05:09:32,900
the deadly reign of arrows. 
I rode forward alone standard 

5716
05:09:32,900 --> 05:09:35,400
Held High. 
An arrow struck. 

5717
05:09:35,400 --> 05:09:37,100
Her armor Witnesses later, 
reported. 

5718
05:09:37,100 --> 05:09:41,300
Yet she continued as if 
untouched. in truth, the arrow 

5719
05:09:41,300 --> 05:09:44,100
glanced off my shoulder plate, 
bruising but not penetrating 

5720
05:09:44,100 --> 05:09:48,900
more significant than this minor
miracle was the psychological 

5721
05:09:48,900 --> 05:09:52,800
effect of my advanced Soldiers, 
Shame by a girl's courage, 

5722
05:09:52,800 --> 05:09:55,800
surged forward, the 
fortification fell by evening 

5723
05:09:55,800 --> 05:09:59,100
May 7th brought the decisive 
assault against lateral. 

5724
05:09:59,100 --> 05:10:01,900
The main Fortress controlling 
all Leon's River Crossing. 

5725
05:10:02,600 --> 05:10:05,600
Here, my Legend and reality most
dramatically intercept, 

5726
05:10:05,600 --> 05:10:08,700
historical accounts. 
Describe me taking an arrow to 

5727
05:10:08,700 --> 05:10:11,100
the shoulder. 
Having predicted this injury the

5728
05:10:11,100 --> 05:10:13,200
previous day. 
The wound was real. 

5729
05:10:13,200 --> 05:10:16,100
An English Longbow Arrow. 
Penetrating between neck and 

5730
05:10:16,108 --> 05:10:20,200
shoulder armor but my prediction
had been more General Blood will

5731
05:10:20,200 --> 05:10:22,500
be drawn to Morrow but not all 
of it, French. 

5732
05:10:23,600 --> 05:10:25,300
The pain nearly caused 
unconsciousness. 

5733
05:10:25,300 --> 05:10:28,900
I was pulled from Battle briefly
while the arrow was removed, not

5734
05:10:28,900 --> 05:10:32,300
ceremoniously, as depicted in 
romantic painting's but with 

5735
05:10:32,300 --> 05:10:35,900
brutal efficiency by a field 
surgeon who feared wound fever 

5736
05:10:35,900 --> 05:10:37,900
would set in if the barbed head 
remained embedded. 

5737
05:10:39,100 --> 05:10:41,600
Poured boiling oil into the 
wound to quartus, the bleeding 

5738
05:10:41,600 --> 05:10:43,500
pain that exceeded the original 
injury. 

5739
05:10:44,400 --> 05:10:47,600
Why gasped afterward? 
Just a little. 

5740
05:10:48,900 --> 05:10:52,900
Instead of wine, they gave me 
consecrated bread communion 

5741
05:10:52,900 --> 05:10:55,700
without formal ceremony 
Battlefield sacrament. 

5742
05:10:56,700 --> 05:10:59,800
The pain receded enough that I 
could stand again though using 

5743
05:10:59,800 --> 05:11:01,200
my right arm remained 
impossible. 

5744
05:11:02,100 --> 05:11:04,600
Military commanders. 
Seeing my condition, ordered a 

5745
05:11:04,600 --> 05:11:06,700
retreat for the day. 
The assault would resume 

5746
05:11:06,700 --> 05:11:08,900
tomorrow. 
They decided without consulting 

5747
05:11:08,900 --> 05:11:11,100
me. 
I heard this decision while 

5748
05:11:11,100 --> 05:11:15,500
having my wound bandaged. 
Know I can't demanded struggling

5749
05:11:15,500 --> 05:11:17,800
back into partial armor despite 
Charlotte's protests. 

5750
05:11:17,800 --> 05:11:21,200
We finished today English 
resolved dwindles with each 

5751
05:11:21,200 --> 05:11:23,600
passing hour returning to battle
with the wound. 

5752
05:11:23,600 --> 05:11:26,300
Still fresh became the defining 
moment, Witnesses, remembered, 

5753
05:11:26,300 --> 05:11:30,000
the injured made refusing 
Retreat standard transfer to my 

5754
05:11:30,008 --> 05:11:32,000
left hand. 
While my right arm useless 

5755
05:11:32,000 --> 05:11:35,200
rallying troops for the final 
push as daylight began fading 

5756
05:11:36,000 --> 05:11:38,900
What's rarely recorded is how 
fever already began clouding. 

5757
05:11:38,900 --> 05:11:42,200
My thoughts, how each movement 
sent waves of nausea through me 

5758
05:11:42,200 --> 05:11:44,900
and how the voices seemed to 
speak from an increasingly 

5759
05:11:44,900 --> 05:11:48,400
enormous distance yet? 
Purpose carried me forward, when

5760
05:11:48,400 --> 05:11:50,500
physical strengths should have 
failed. 

5761
05:11:50,500 --> 05:11:54,200
The English Commander, Glasgow 
had promised to burn me as a 

5762
05:11:54,200 --> 05:11:57,800
witch died during this final 
assault, when a makeshift Bridge

5763
05:11:57,800 --> 05:12:01,800
collapsed beneath him, he 
drowned in the Loire way down by

5764
05:12:01,800 --> 05:12:04,700
the very armored meant to 
protect him soldiers, on both 

5765
05:12:04,700 --> 05:12:07,800
sides viewed, his death as 
Divine judgment, superstitious 

5766
05:12:07,800 --> 05:12:10,600
fear spreading through 
remaining, English forces by 

5767
05:12:10,600 --> 05:12:15,000
Nightfall, lateral had fallen, 
The Siege that had strangled, 

5768
05:12:15,000 --> 05:12:17,500
all the offer seven months 
broken, just four days of 

5769
05:12:17,500 --> 05:12:20,700
concerted action. 
The following morning May 8th. 

5770
05:12:20,700 --> 05:12:23,500
Remaining English troops 
retreated from positions. 

5771
05:12:23,500 --> 05:12:26,400
They'd held since October, 
abandoning equipment and 

5772
05:12:26,400 --> 05:12:30,100
supplies in their haste. 
All your erupted in Celebration 

5773
05:12:30,100 --> 05:12:33,500
Church bells. 
Rang continuously citizens who 

5774
05:12:33,500 --> 05:12:36,400
had expected either starvation 
or Master instead found 

5775
05:12:36,400 --> 05:12:39,900
themselves liberated, they 
credited the maid The Peasant 

5776
05:12:39,900 --> 05:12:42,200
girl from Dahmer, who had 
promised to deliverance and 

5777
05:12:42,200 --> 05:12:44,600
against all rational, 
expectation delivered it. 

5778
05:12:45,700 --> 05:12:48,100
That Night Fever and weak from 
blood loss. 

5779
05:12:48,100 --> 05:12:51,100
I struggled to understand what a
truly happened. 

5780
05:12:51,100 --> 05:12:55,300
Had God performed Miracles 
through me, I had my presence, 

5781
05:12:55,300 --> 05:12:58,500
simply catalyzed human courage 
that already existed waiting 

5782
05:12:58,500 --> 05:13:00,800
only for symbol and purpose to 
crystallize action. 

5783
05:13:01,800 --> 05:13:05,400
Both Catherine whispered as I 
drifted between Consciousness 

5784
05:13:05,400 --> 05:13:08,100
and dream. 
The greatest Miracles work 

5785
05:13:08,100 --> 05:13:10,400
through natural channels, not to
pipe them. 

5786
05:13:12,100 --> 05:13:14,200
Citizens began calling the lepus
El door. 

5787
05:13:14,200 --> 05:13:17,500
Leon the maid of Orleans a title
that would follow me through 

5788
05:13:17,500 --> 05:13:20,800
history. 
Yet alone in prayer that night I

5789
05:13:20,800 --> 05:13:25,500
remained simply Jeanne aching 
feverish wondering what further 

5790
05:13:25,500 --> 05:13:28,500
price for filling Heaven's 
commands might require by 

5791
05:13:28,500 --> 05:13:32,200
Nightfall. 
Lateral had fallen The Siege 

5792
05:13:32,200 --> 05:13:35,400
that had strangled all for seven
months broken, just four days of

5793
05:13:35,400 --> 05:13:38,600
concerted action. 
Following morning, May 8th. 

5794
05:13:38,600 --> 05:13:41,400
Remaining English troops 
retreated from positions. 

5795
05:13:41,400 --> 05:13:44,400
They'd held since October, 
abandoning equipment and 

5796
05:13:44,400 --> 05:13:48,000
supplies in their haste. 
Allele erupted in Celebration 

5797
05:13:48,000 --> 05:13:52,300
Church bells, rang continuously 
citizens who had expected either

5798
05:13:52,300 --> 05:13:56,100
starvation or Master instead 
found themselves liberated, they

5799
05:13:56,100 --> 05:13:59,100
credited the maid The Peasant 
girl from Dahmer, who had 

5800
05:13:59,100 --> 05:14:01,300
promised to deliverance and 
against all rational, 

5801
05:14:01,300 --> 05:14:05,600
expectation delivered it. 
That night fevered and weak from

5802
05:14:05,600 --> 05:14:08,600
blood loss. 
I struggled to understand what a

5803
05:14:08,600 --> 05:14:11,200
truly happened. 
Had God performed Miracles 

5804
05:14:11,200 --> 05:14:13,400
through me. 
Well, had my presence, simply 

5805
05:14:13,400 --> 05:14:16,800
catalyzed human courage that 
already existed waiting only for

5806
05:14:16,800 --> 05:14:18,700
symbol and purpose to 
crystallize action. 

5807
05:14:19,700 --> 05:14:23,300
Both Catherine whispered as I 
drifted between Consciousness 

5808
05:14:23,300 --> 05:14:26,000
and dream. 
The greatest Miracles work 

5809
05:14:26,000 --> 05:14:28,400
through natural channels, not to
pipe them. 

5810
05:14:30,000 --> 05:14:32,100
Citizens began calling the lepus
El door. 

5811
05:14:32,108 --> 05:14:35,400
Leon the maid of Orleans a title
that would follow me through 

5812
05:14:35,400 --> 05:14:38,700
history. 
Yet alone in prayer that night I

5813
05:14:38,700 --> 05:14:43,500
remained simply Jean aching. 
Feverish wondering what further 

5814
05:14:43,500 --> 05:14:45,700
price for filling Heaven's 
commands might require 

5815
05:14:45,700 --> 05:14:49,400
throughout this journey. 
I maintained my male attire and 

5816
05:14:49,400 --> 05:14:52,400
slept fully armored most nights 
surrounded by guards. 

5817
05:14:52,400 --> 05:14:56,000
This practice later used as 
evidence of impropriety during 

5818
05:14:56,000 --> 05:14:58,600
my trial. 
Served practical purposes beyond

5819
05:14:58,600 --> 05:15:01,800
the voices, commands traveling 
with thousands of soldiers. 

5820
05:15:01,800 --> 05:15:05,200
While identifiably female 
invited dangers, obvious to any 

5821
05:15:05,200 --> 05:15:09,400
woman Divine protection, not 
withstanding, The armor provided

5822
05:15:09,400 --> 05:15:11,400
a physical barrier against 
casual assault. 

5823
05:15:11,400 --> 05:15:14,400
Male clothing, minimized on 
wanted attention during 

5824
05:15:14,400 --> 05:15:18,600
necessary activities. 
We reached ways on July 16th, 

5825
05:15:18,600 --> 05:15:22,300
the city welcomed Charles 
without resistance its citizens 

5826
05:15:22,300 --> 05:15:24,900
lining streets to witness. 
What many of thought impossible 

5827
05:15:24,900 --> 05:15:27,500
months earlier. 
I wrote to Philip of burgundy 

5828
05:15:27,500 --> 05:15:30,400
that same day urging 
reconciliation with Charles 

5829
05:15:30,400 --> 05:15:33,600
calling on him to make good 
piece that will last with the 

5830
05:15:33,600 --> 05:15:36,400
rightful King. 
This letter received no 

5831
05:15:36,400 --> 05:15:38,900
immediate response but 
represented my growing political

5832
05:15:38,900 --> 05:15:40,900
involvement Beyond Battlefield 
leadership. 

5833
05:15:40,900 --> 05:15:44,900
The coronation ceremony on July,
the 17th exists in popular 

5834
05:15:44,900 --> 05:15:47,400
imagination. 
As a triumphant culmination, the

5835
05:15:47,400 --> 05:15:49,500
maid standing proudly beside her
King. 

5836
05:15:49,500 --> 05:15:54,400
As Divine prophecy is fulfilled.
Reality contained more nuanced. 

5837
05:15:54,400 --> 05:15:57,300
I indeed stood near the altar 
holding my standard, but 

5838
05:15:57,300 --> 05:16:01,100
experience the ceremony with 
complicated emotions, initially 

5839
05:16:01,100 --> 05:16:03,900
relief. 
Predominated, I had accomplished

5840
05:16:03,900 --> 05:16:05,700
the primary Mission. 
The voices had given me. 

5841
05:16:06,800 --> 05:16:09,200
Charles knelt before the 
Archbishop received sacred 

5842
05:16:09,200 --> 05:16:12,100
anointing from the holy ampulla 
and Rose as King. 

5843
05:16:12,100 --> 05:16:14,600
Charles the seventh, his 
legitimacy, no longer 

5844
05:16:14,600 --> 05:16:17,300
questionable. 
As the Archbishop placed the 

5845
05:16:17,300 --> 05:16:20,400
crown on his head, I 
spontaneously broken into tears.

5846
05:16:20,400 --> 05:16:24,700
Now God's work is accomplished. 
I told him afterward during the 

5847
05:16:24,700 --> 05:16:27,200
celebration Feast where I was 
granted a position of Honor. 

5848
05:16:27,900 --> 05:16:30,900
You are the true king of France 
by holy coronation as well as by

5849
05:16:30,900 --> 05:16:33,500
birth. 
Charles emotionally moved, 

5850
05:16:33,500 --> 05:16:36,200
despite his typically. 
Reserved nature asked, what 

5851
05:16:36,200 --> 05:16:39,300
reward I desired from my 
service, courtiers leaned 

5852
05:16:39,300 --> 05:16:42,500
forward and participating 
requests for titles lands and 

5853
05:16:42,508 --> 05:16:45,100
wealth, the normal currency of 
Royal gratitude. 

5854
05:16:46,000 --> 05:16:50,000
Grant tax exemption to domini. 
I requested instead my people 

5855
05:16:50,000 --> 05:16:52,400
are poor and of suffered much 
from the war's Passage. 

5856
05:16:53,600 --> 05:16:56,700
This modest request enhanced my 
reputation for saintly 

5857
05:16:56,700 --> 05:16:59,700
disinterest, in worldly gain as 
it costs the crown, almost 

5858
05:16:59,700 --> 05:17:01,600
nothing and showed my lack of 
personal ambition. 

5859
05:17:02,900 --> 05:17:05,700
The voice is never promised a 
personal reward for completing 

5860
05:17:05,700 --> 05:17:08,600
Heaven's tasks. 
My future remained conspicuously

5861
05:17:08,600 --> 05:17:12,200
absent from their pronouncements
that evening alone in Chambers 

5862
05:17:12,200 --> 05:17:14,800
provided within the archbishop's
palace experience. 

5863
05:17:14,800 --> 05:17:18,600
Something unprecedented Silence 
from the voices that had guided 

5864
05:17:18,600 --> 05:17:22,900
me since age 13 I prayed for 
hours, seeking their familiar 

5865
05:17:22,900 --> 05:17:25,500
presence but encountered only 
ordinary Stillness. 

5866
05:17:26,600 --> 05:17:30,000
Have I failed in some manner. 
I finally asked aloud desperate 

5867
05:17:30,000 --> 05:17:32,400
for a response. 
Catherine's voice when it 

5868
05:17:32,408 --> 05:17:35,800
finally came sounded distant, as
if speaking across enormous 

5869
05:17:35,800 --> 05:17:38,100
separation. 
The path, divides. 

5870
05:17:38,100 --> 05:17:41,100
Before You One Direction, leads 
to Earthly Glory. 

5871
05:17:41,100 --> 05:17:44,100
But spiritual Peril, the other 
is bodily suffering, but 

5872
05:17:44,100 --> 05:17:47,200
Heavenly Triumph. 
Which should I choose? 

5873
05:17:47,200 --> 05:17:50,900
I begged but receive no answer. 
The voice is diminishing 

5874
05:17:50,900 --> 05:17:52,800
Clarity. 
Troubled, me deeply as we 

5875
05:17:52,800 --> 05:17:56,000
departed Rams on July 20th for 
years. 

5876
05:17:56,000 --> 05:17:58,200
They had provided unmistakable 
Direction. 

5877
05:17:58,200 --> 05:18:02,400
Now at the moment of greatest 
public Acclaim, their guidance, 

5878
05:18:02,400 --> 05:18:06,200
grew ambiguous precisely when 
political complexity demanded, 

5879
05:18:06,200 --> 05:18:09,900
the clearest understanding 
Charles and his advisors favored

5880
05:18:09,900 --> 05:18:13,500
consolidating recent gains 
negotiating with burgundy and 

5881
05:18:13,500 --> 05:18:16,400
avoiding confrontation with 
primary English forces. 

5882
05:18:16,400 --> 05:18:20,400
I advocated for an immediate 
Advance on Paris aiming to 

5883
05:18:20,408 --> 05:18:22,100
strike. 
While our momentum remained 

5884
05:18:22,100 --> 05:18:24,300
strong and English Authority 
appeared. 

5885
05:18:24,300 --> 05:18:27,900
Weakest these Divergent 
strategies reflected fundamental

5886
05:18:27,900 --> 05:18:31,400
differences in perspective. 
Charles thinking and political 

5887
05:18:31,400 --> 05:18:33,400
terms of alliances and 
sustainable power. 

5888
05:18:33,400 --> 05:18:37,000
And me, still operating from a 
Divine mandate to drive foreign 

5889
05:18:37,000 --> 05:18:40,700
forces from France entirely. 
God did not deliver victory at 

5890
05:18:40,700 --> 05:18:43,200
all so you could stop halfway to
complete Liberation. 

5891
05:18:43,200 --> 05:18:47,600
I argued during counsel's Paris 
is the Kingdom's, heart reclaim 

5892
05:18:47,600 --> 05:18:49,200
it and the English position 
collapses. 

5893
05:18:50,300 --> 05:18:52,700
What I could not share was my 
growing fear that time was 

5894
05:18:52,700 --> 05:18:55,900
running out, and that the fading
of the voices signaled, an 

5895
05:18:55,900 --> 05:18:59,900
impending end to Divine favor, 
This created urgency, I couldn't

5896
05:18:59,900 --> 05:19:02,300
fully explain to military 
commanders, accustomed to 

5897
05:19:02,300 --> 05:19:05,300
deliberate campaigns. 
As we traveled through recently,

5898
05:19:05,300 --> 05:19:08,200
liberated territories, common 
people flocked to see me, 

5899
05:19:08,200 --> 05:19:11,300
reaching to touch my armor 
begging blessings for children 

5900
05:19:11,300 --> 05:19:13,200
and offering tokens of 
appreciation. 

5901
05:19:13,200 --> 05:19:17,300
Women wept openly seeing in me. 
Something that transcended 

5902
05:19:17,300 --> 05:19:21,000
conventional limitations placed 
on our gender men removed caps. 

5903
05:19:21,000 --> 05:19:23,200
Respectfully, as if you're in 
the presence of something 

5904
05:19:23,200 --> 05:19:27,200
wholly, this veneration 
discomforted me, increasingly, I

5905
05:19:27,200 --> 05:19:30,300
am not a saint. 
I told Charlotte Dale Brett and 

5906
05:19:30,300 --> 05:19:32,800
noblewoman who had joined our 
traveling Court in attempted to 

5907
05:19:32,800 --> 05:19:36,000
collect my discarded garments, 
as relics, I'm only God's 

5908
05:19:36,000 --> 05:19:37,800
messenger nothing in my cell 
phone. 

5909
05:19:38,300 --> 05:19:41,500
Yet, God chose you. 
She countered that distinction 

5910
05:19:41,500 --> 05:19:45,600
itself, makes you extraordinary.
This growing Cult of Personality

5911
05:19:45,600 --> 05:19:49,100
served immediate political 
purposes, rallying support, for 

5912
05:19:49,100 --> 05:19:52,000
Charles, demonstrating Divine 
favor for his rule. 

5913
05:19:52,000 --> 05:19:56,000
But created complications, I was
ill equipped to navigate each 

5914
05:19:56,000 --> 05:20:00,300
miraculous attribution each 
story embellished in retelling. 

5915
05:20:00,300 --> 05:20:03,500
Placed me further from the 
simple girl who had left on Remy

5916
05:20:03,500 --> 05:20:05,700
believing Heaven's. 
Instructions were 

5917
05:20:05,700 --> 05:20:08,600
straightforward. 
By Late July Charles had begun 

5918
05:20:08,600 --> 05:20:11,500
secret negotiations with 
burgundy, seeking diplomatic 

5919
05:20:11,500 --> 05:20:14,300
resolution, while publicly 
maintaining military pressure. 

5920
05:20:15,200 --> 05:20:17,000
This strategy made political 
sense. 

5921
05:20:17,000 --> 05:20:19,600
But contradicted, the voices 
increasingly sporadic. 

5922
05:20:19,600 --> 05:20:22,400
Instructions for complete 
Liberation through direct 

5923
05:20:22,400 --> 05:20:25,400
action. 
The resulting tension manifested

5924
05:20:25,400 --> 05:20:28,300
and Council debates. 
Where my previously, decisive 

5925
05:20:28,300 --> 05:20:30,800
guidance. 
Now competed with experienced 

5926
05:20:30,800 --> 05:20:34,000
political advisors offering 
conventional alternatives. 

5927
05:20:35,000 --> 05:20:37,900
You are not sent to negotiate 
half measures, Michael told me 

5928
05:20:37,900 --> 05:20:41,100
during rare communication, we 
must fully cleanse France of 

5929
05:20:41,100 --> 05:20:44,400
foreign presence. 
Yet when I repeated such 

5930
05:20:44,400 --> 05:20:47,200
sentiments to Charles and his 
counselors, they increasingly 

5931
05:20:47,200 --> 05:20:49,700
regarded them as militarily 
unrealistic and politically 

5932
05:20:49,700 --> 05:20:52,100
naive. 
The maid had served her purpose 

5933
05:20:52,100 --> 05:20:55,400
in delivering coronation now 
practical, governance required, 

5934
05:20:55,400 --> 05:20:58,700
comprises Heaven seemed 
unwilling to acknowledge this 

5935
05:20:58,700 --> 05:21:02,100
Divergence would soon lead to 
Paris and decisions that would 

5936
05:21:02,100 --> 05:21:05,100
alter my path. 
Irrevocably August found us 

5937
05:21:05,100 --> 05:21:07,400
advancing incrementally toward 
Paris, while Charles 

5938
05:21:07,400 --> 05:21:10,100
simultaneously, pursued, 
negotiations, with burgundy. 

5939
05:21:10,700 --> 05:21:13,600
This contradictory approach 
military pressure paired at with

5940
05:21:13,600 --> 05:21:16,300
diplomatic Outreach created, 
strategic confusion. 

5941
05:21:17,300 --> 05:21:20,300
Well, we truly attempting to 
recapture Paris or merely 

5942
05:21:20,300 --> 05:21:22,500
demonstrating military 
capability to strengthen 

5943
05:21:22,500 --> 05:21:26,500
Charles's negotiating position. 
The Duke of Bedford English 

5944
05:21:26,500 --> 05:21:29,900
Regent for their child, King 
Henry, the sick recognized our 

5945
05:21:29,900 --> 05:21:34,200
momentum and retreated from 
direct confrontation reinforcing

5946
05:21:34,200 --> 05:21:35,700
Paris. 
While yielding smaller 

5947
05:21:35,700 --> 05:21:39,000
surrounding territories. 
On August 14th. 

5948
05:21:39,000 --> 05:21:42,600
Charles signed a 15-day truce 
with burgundy, supposedly, 

5949
05:21:42,600 --> 05:21:45,800
creating space for peace 
negotiations, while actually 

5950
05:21:45,800 --> 05:21:48,300
providing English forces. 
Critical time to strengthen 

5951
05:21:48,300 --> 05:21:51,600
paris's defenses. 
I oppose this truce vehemently 

5952
05:21:51,600 --> 05:21:53,400
sensing opportunities slipping 
away. 

5953
05:21:54,500 --> 05:21:57,300
While you exchange Pleasant 
messages or enemies, rebuild 

5954
05:21:57,300 --> 05:22:00,500
walls and restore courage. 
I warned Charles the moment for 

5955
05:22:00,500 --> 05:22:05,800
decisive action passes with each
day of delay, The voices though.

5956
05:22:05,800 --> 05:22:08,200
Less frequent reinforced. 
This urgency. 

5957
05:22:09,100 --> 05:22:12,800
Paris must not remain in enemy 
hands, Margaret insisted during 

5958
05:22:12,800 --> 05:22:14,900
prayer. 
The city's, Liberation will 

5959
05:22:14,900 --> 05:22:19,000
break English resolved 
completely Charles wavered 

5960
05:22:19,000 --> 05:22:21,800
between my continued insistence 
on Divine mandate and his 

5961
05:22:21,800 --> 05:22:23,900
counselors emphasis on political
reality. 

5962
05:22:24,700 --> 05:22:26,800
The compromise that emerged 
satisfied. 

5963
05:22:26,800 --> 05:22:30,500
No one our forces would advance 
to paris's outskirts but of 

5964
05:22:30,500 --> 05:22:33,700
salt. 
While negotiations continued by 

5965
05:22:33,700 --> 05:22:37,300
late August, we established 
positions at Sandy within sight 

5966
05:22:37,300 --> 05:22:41,000
of paris's Northern walls. 
The city's proximity affected 

5967
05:22:41,000 --> 05:22:42,900
me. 
Strangely after months of 

5968
05:22:42,900 --> 05:22:46,100
campaigning focused on the 
subjective actually seeing its 

5969
05:22:46,100 --> 05:22:49,200
towers and spires created an 
almost physical yearning to 

5970
05:22:49,200 --> 05:22:50,700
complete what the voice is had 
promised. 

5971
05:22:51,800 --> 05:22:55,200
Daily, I rode reconnaissance 
along positions facing the city 

5972
05:22:55,200 --> 05:22:58,700
studying defenses planning 
approaches and praying for Clear

5973
05:22:58,700 --> 05:23:00,700
instruction that came with 
decreasing reliability. 

5974
05:23:01,700 --> 05:23:05,200
The truce with burgundy expired 
without meaningful agreement on 

5975
05:23:05,200 --> 05:23:07,500
September 8th. 
I convinced our commanders to 

5976
05:23:07,500 --> 05:23:10,200
attempt an assault against 
paris's defenses near the saint 

5977
05:23:10,200 --> 05:23:13,200
honorary gate despite Charles 
withholding full support for the

5978
05:23:13,208 --> 05:23:16,200
operation. 
This partial commitment meant 

5979
05:23:16,200 --> 05:23:18,400
attacking with insufficient 
forces against prepared 

5980
05:23:18,400 --> 05:23:21,400
positions, a military mistake 
Justified only by my 

5981
05:23:21,400 --> 05:23:24,100
increasingly desperate 
insistence that heaven would 

5982
05:23:24,100 --> 05:23:28,000
provide necessary advantage. 
God will blind their Gunners. 

5983
05:23:28,000 --> 05:23:30,200
I promised troops assembled for 
the assault. 

5984
05:23:30,200 --> 05:23:33,700
Divine protection, covers us as 
we reclaim the Kingdom's heart. 

5985
05:23:35,300 --> 05:23:38,400
The attack commenced at noon 
initial progress, seemed to 

5986
05:23:38,400 --> 05:23:41,400
confirm Divine favor. 
We reached the outer moat with 

5987
05:23:41,400 --> 05:23:44,100
minimal casualties and of 
established positions within 

5988
05:23:44,100 --> 05:23:45,200
bow. 
Range of the walls. 

5989
05:23:46,100 --> 05:23:49,200
Led a contingent testing depth 
that the inner moat seeking 

5990
05:23:49,200 --> 05:23:52,000
Crossing points, while carrying 
my standard forward as visible 

5991
05:23:52,000 --> 05:23:55,000
inspiration. 
Then reality asserted itself. 

5992
05:23:55,000 --> 05:23:58,500
Brutally Paris is Defenders had 
prepared thoroughly during the 

5993
05:23:58,500 --> 05:24:02,200
negotiation delays. 
Canon and crossbow fire rain 

5994
05:24:02,200 --> 05:24:05,500
down upon exposed positions. 
The moat probe deeper than 

5995
05:24:05,500 --> 05:24:08,100
expected. 
Its bottom studded with sharp 

5996
05:24:08,100 --> 05:24:09,900
and Stakes. 
Invisible beneath, muddy water, 

5997
05:24:09,900 --> 05:24:13,300
men died, attempting, crossings 
that proved impossible without 

5998
05:24:13,300 --> 05:24:17,000
proper equipment. 
We lacked Near dusk, a crossbow 

5999
05:24:17,000 --> 05:24:19,100
bolt. 
Struck my thigh penetrating 

6000
05:24:19,100 --> 05:24:22,100
deeply. 
Unlike the Orleans injury, this 

6001
05:24:22,100 --> 05:24:24,000
wound immediately incapacitated 
me. 

6002
05:24:24,800 --> 05:24:27,400
I continued shouting 
encouragement from where I fell.

6003
05:24:27,400 --> 05:24:31,100
Insisting the attack continued 
despite my condition but 

6004
05:24:31,100 --> 05:24:34,100
commanders ordered Retreat upon 
seeing the standard Bearer down.

6005
05:24:34,800 --> 05:24:38,100
Soldiers carried me from the 
battlefield as Darkness fell our

6006
05:24:38,100 --> 05:24:40,300
forces withdrawing. 
And frustration, rather than 

6007
05:24:40,300 --> 05:24:43,900
defeat we had never established 
positions from which Victory was

6008
05:24:43,900 --> 05:24:46,700
possible. 
The wound itself, while painful 

6009
05:24:46,700 --> 05:24:50,000
would heal cleanly. 
The spiritual injury proved more

6010
05:24:50,000 --> 05:24:53,300
significant for the first time I
had promised divine intervention

6011
05:24:53,300 --> 05:24:57,800
that fail to materialize. why I 
whispered that night, while 

6012
05:24:57,800 --> 05:25:00,600
surgeons extracted the bolt 
using methodical cruelty 

6013
05:25:00,600 --> 05:25:04,400
necessary to preventing Why was 
Paris denied to us? 

6014
05:25:04,400 --> 05:25:07,400
When all he was granted. 
The voice is remained. 

6015
05:25:07,400 --> 05:25:10,700
Silent through hours of pain, 
there are absence felt more 

6016
05:25:10,700 --> 05:25:13,900
painful than physical harm had. 
They abandoned me due to some 

6017
05:25:13,908 --> 05:25:16,900
failure, had I misunderstood 
Heaven's intent all along. 

6018
05:25:18,400 --> 05:25:21,800
Charles receiving news of the 
failed, assault ordered 

6019
05:25:21,800 --> 05:25:23,900
immediate withdrawal from 
paris's facility. 

6020
05:25:24,700 --> 05:25:27,900
In my view, this sensible 
military decision, represented a

6021
05:25:27,900 --> 05:25:30,600
personal betrayal. 
As it abandoned Divine Purpose, 

6022
05:25:30,600 --> 05:25:34,100
in favor of political 
convenience, When I was finally 

6023
05:25:34,100 --> 05:25:37,100
permitted an audience, three 
days later, I found that he was 

6024
05:25:37,100 --> 05:25:39,700
already reframing recent events 
for the courtiers. 

6025
05:25:40,400 --> 05:25:43,400
The maid accomplished what God 
sent her to do, he explained 

6026
05:25:43,400 --> 05:25:46,500
smoothly? 
All Leon liberated coronation 

6027
05:25:46,500 --> 05:25:49,000
achieved. 
Perhaps Heaven, never intended, 

6028
05:25:49,000 --> 05:25:52,500
parasitism immediate recovery. 
You speak for heaven. 

6029
05:25:52,500 --> 05:25:55,600
Now a challenge to him 
struggling to stand straight. 

6030
05:25:55,600 --> 05:25:58,100
Despite the pain. 
In my bandaged leg, the mission 

6031
05:25:58,100 --> 05:26:01,100
remains incomplete while 
Englishman occupy, French soil. 

6032
05:26:01,100 --> 05:26:05,000
Charles regarded me with the 
complex emotion, gratitude for 

6033
05:26:05,000 --> 05:26:08,300
past service tempered by growing
political inconvenience of my 

6034
05:26:08,300 --> 05:26:11,500
unyielding position. 
France's restoration will 

6035
05:26:11,500 --> 05:26:15,500
require years, not months. 
He said, gently Even Heaven, 

6036
05:26:15,500 --> 05:26:18,500
Must recognize Earthly 
limitations this exchange 

6037
05:26:18,500 --> 05:26:20,000
marked. 
A fundamental shift in our 

6038
05:26:20,000 --> 05:26:23,300
relationship where Charles had 
once needed my perceived Divine 

6039
05:26:23,300 --> 05:26:27,300
sanction to legitimize his rule 
successful coronation, now 

6040
05:26:27,300 --> 05:26:30,500
provided independent Authority. 
The maid remained useful, 

6041
05:26:30,500 --> 05:26:34,200
symbolically that in problematic
practically as military 

6042
05:26:34,200 --> 05:26:37,400
campaigns transition toward 
diplomatic Solutions, requiring 

6043
05:26:37,400 --> 05:26:39,000
compromise and voices 
prohibited. 

6044
05:26:39,800 --> 05:26:43,200
Through Autumn a company, the 
Royal Court as it with Drew to 

6045
05:26:43,200 --> 05:26:44,800
safer territories along the 
Loire. 

6046
05:26:44,800 --> 05:26:47,900
My wound healed gradually. 
While my position diminished 

6047
05:26:47,900 --> 05:26:51,100
subtly, Still honored 
ceremonially but increasingly 

6048
05:26:51,100 --> 05:26:52,900
excluded from meaningful 
councils. 

6049
05:26:53,900 --> 05:26:56,100
Charles granted me Noble. 
Status in December. 

6050
05:26:56,100 --> 05:26:59,100
Providing arms depicting. 
A sword supporting the crown 

6051
05:26:59,100 --> 05:27:01,100
beneath the fleur de lis 
recognition. 

6052
05:27:01,100 --> 05:27:04,700
That pacified my supporters, 
while effectively sidelining me 

6053
05:27:04,700 --> 05:27:08,300
from direct military command. 
This period marked my most 

6054
05:27:08,300 --> 05:27:12,000
difficult spiritual challenge, 
the voices returned into Mitten.

6055
05:27:12,000 --> 05:27:16,100
But spoke with disturbing and 
consistency, Michael demanded, 

6056
05:27:16,100 --> 05:27:19,800
aggressive action, while 
Catherine Council patients, 

6057
05:27:20,500 --> 05:27:23,300
Margaret sometimes suggested 
accepting, a ceremonial role 

6058
05:27:23,300 --> 05:27:26,500
within Charles's court, but she 
also insisted that my work 

6059
05:27:26,500 --> 05:27:29,700
remained unfinished. 
These contradictions created 

6060
05:27:29,700 --> 05:27:31,800
profound out. 
I had never experienced during 

6061
05:27:31,800 --> 05:27:34,700
the clarity of early 
missionaries had some of the 

6062
05:27:34,700 --> 05:27:36,400
voices. 
I heard been false all along 

6063
05:27:36,400 --> 05:27:38,700
was. 
I now miss hearing Divine 

6064
05:27:38,700 --> 05:27:41,100
instruction, or was Heaven 
itself. 

6065
05:27:41,100 --> 05:27:43,400
Divided on France's proper path 
forward. 

6066
05:27:44,300 --> 05:27:47,900
Christmas 1429 found me in 
ceremonial attendance at court 

6067
05:27:47,900 --> 05:27:51,200
celebrations, outwardly honored,
but inwardly conflicted. 

6068
05:27:51,200 --> 05:27:54,400
I watched a labor at pageantry 
commemorating. 

6069
05:27:54,400 --> 05:27:56,600
Charles's coronation 
performance. 

6070
05:27:56,600 --> 05:27:59,500
Is that already Incorporated 
stylized to pick pictures of the

6071
05:27:59,500 --> 05:28:02,600
maid as a semi-mythical figure? 
Guiding France's research and 

6072
05:28:03,500 --> 05:28:08,300
The actual jahani still bandaged
increasingly isolated observed, 

6073
05:28:08,300 --> 05:28:11,100
her transformation into a symbol
with growing discomfort. 

6074
05:28:11,900 --> 05:28:14,700
That Knight kneeling alone in 
the castle Chapel long after 

6075
05:28:14,700 --> 05:28:17,700
formal Services concluded. 
I experienced the voices with 

6076
05:28:17,700 --> 05:28:20,100
unusual Clarity after months of 
ambiguity. 

6077
05:28:21,100 --> 05:28:23,900
Your time grows short. 
Michael stated without Preamble,

6078
05:28:23,900 --> 05:28:27,100
you must continue the fight, 
while Freedom remains yours. 

6079
05:28:27,900 --> 05:28:29,600
The king no longer heeds, my 
counsel. 

6080
05:28:29,600 --> 05:28:32,700
I protested commanders, follow 
his Direction, not mine. 

6081
05:28:33,500 --> 05:28:35,900
Then you must act independently 
hero came. 

6082
05:28:35,900 --> 05:28:39,000
The reply better capture by 
enemies than surrender to 

6083
05:28:39,000 --> 05:28:41,600
comfortable irrelevance. 
Will though troubling this 

6084
05:28:41,600 --> 05:28:44,200
guide's, offered direction that 
I had been lacking for months. 

6085
05:28:45,100 --> 05:28:49,100
As 1429 ended a result to escape
the increasingly, guilded 

6086
05:28:49,100 --> 05:28:51,500
constraints of Court, life and 
returned to direct action. 

6087
05:28:51,500 --> 05:28:55,400
Even without Royal sanction, 
this decision tactically 

6088
05:28:55,400 --> 05:28:58,900
questionable politically naive 
were determine my fate in ways. 

6089
05:28:58,900 --> 05:29:02,200
The voices, never clearly 
revealed the New Year began with

6090
05:29:02,200 --> 05:29:03,800
me. 
Effectively sidelined at court 

6091
05:29:03,800 --> 05:29:06,500
while Charles pursued diplomatic
arrangements, with burgundy. 

6092
05:29:07,200 --> 05:29:11,200
I chafed at inactivity sensing 
precious time wasting, while the

6093
05:29:11,200 --> 05:29:14,200
voice is growing, increasingly 
urgent about continuing France's

6094
05:29:14,200 --> 05:29:19,000
liberation By March 1430. 
I could bear ceremonial 

6095
05:29:19,000 --> 05:29:21,900
confinement. 
No longer Without Royal 

6096
05:29:21,900 --> 05:29:24,700
permission. 
Technically desertion though my 

6097
05:29:24,700 --> 05:29:27,800
status remained ambiguous, I 
departed secretly with a small 

6098
05:29:27,800 --> 05:29:31,500
company of loyal followers. 
We rode for computers 

6099
05:29:31,500 --> 05:29:34,000
strategically, vital Town, 
threatened by The Burgundian 

6100
05:29:34,000 --> 05:29:37,300
forces north of Paris. 
This decision reflected both 

6101
05:29:37,300 --> 05:29:40,500
military logic and the voices, 
and systems that action could 

6102
05:29:40,500 --> 05:29:44,200
not await World convenience. 
My departure created political 

6103
05:29:44,200 --> 05:29:47,600
complications for Charles who 
neither officially commend nor 

6104
05:29:47,600 --> 05:29:50,600
endorsed my independent 
operation, this ambiguity, 

6105
05:29:50,600 --> 05:29:53,700
proved ultimately fatal had I 
remained clearly under Royal 

6106
05:29:53,700 --> 05:29:55,800
protection. 
Subsequent events might have 

6107
05:29:55,808 --> 05:30:00,600
unfolded differently. 
We reached compean, April, where

6108
05:30:00,600 --> 05:30:04,100
the town's Governor gilm de 
flea, welcome to reinforcement, 

6109
05:30:04,100 --> 05:30:07,800
despite its unofficial nature. 
The gandhian forces, under 

6110
05:30:07,800 --> 05:30:10,200
Luxembourg had been methodically
isolating. 

6111
05:30:10,200 --> 05:30:14,800
The town capturing surrounding 
positions Our arrival boosted 

6112
05:30:14,800 --> 05:30:17,900
Defender, morale temporarily. 
But the Strategic situation 

6113
05:30:17,900 --> 05:30:22,400
remained precarious. 
On May the 23rd, I led a sortie 

6114
05:30:22,400 --> 05:30:26,100
against positions at marketing 
initially achieving surprise. 

6115
05:30:26,900 --> 05:30:29,100
However, enemy reinforcements 
arrived quickly. 

6116
05:30:29,100 --> 05:30:32,800
Forcing retirement toward the 
town as our forces retreated 

6117
05:30:32,800 --> 05:30:35,400
across the single Bridge into 
comprehend disaster. 

6118
05:30:35,400 --> 05:30:38,400
Struck the drawbridge raised. 
Prematurely stranding. 

6119
05:30:38,400 --> 05:30:42,900
Rear guard Defenders, including 
my sieve outside the walls. 

6120
05:30:44,000 --> 05:30:47,100
Accounts of this moment, very 
dramatically some claim 

6121
05:30:47,100 --> 05:30:50,600
deliberate betrayal by flavy who
supposedly ordered early closure

6122
05:30:50,600 --> 05:30:53,600
knowing I would be captured 
others suggested simple 

6123
05:30:53,600 --> 05:30:56,000
miscommunication during confused
withdrawal. 

6124
05:30:56,000 --> 05:30:58,700
The voices had warned of 
betrayal for months. 

6125
05:30:58,700 --> 05:31:03,000
Trust Only Heaven not 
changeable, men like a caution 

6126
05:31:03,000 --> 05:31:06,100
repeatedly, but provided no 
specific protection against this

6127
05:31:06,100 --> 05:31:09,300
development. 
Beyond soldiers, surrounded me. 

6128
05:31:09,300 --> 05:31:12,500
And after a brief battle, they 
pulled me from my horse. 

6129
05:31:13,400 --> 05:31:17,300
A minor nobleman Lionel of one 
Donnie claimed, my surrender. 

6130
05:31:17,300 --> 05:31:20,000
Technically capturing Me by 
laying hand on my leg. 

6131
05:31:20,000 --> 05:31:22,000
According to contemporary 
accounts. 

6132
05:31:22,000 --> 05:31:25,300
My sword raised to continue 
resistance lowered, upon 

6133
05:31:25,300 --> 05:31:27,400
recognition. 
That futile struggle would only 

6134
05:31:27,400 --> 05:31:30,500
result in unnecessary deaths 
among my few remaining 

6135
05:31:30,500 --> 05:31:33,900
companions. 
I am worth more alive for ransom

6136
05:31:33,900 --> 05:31:36,100
than dead. 
I told one Dawn in a practical 

6137
05:31:36,100 --> 05:31:38,900
manner, even though I knew that 
the ransom would likely never 

6138
05:31:38,900 --> 05:31:42,400
materialized, the voices had 
never specifically predicted 

6139
05:31:42,400 --> 05:31:46,000
capture, but had indicated great
suffering, lay ahead as part of 

6140
05:31:46,008 --> 05:31:49,600
Heaven's plan, Initially 
captivity seemed relatively 

6141
05:31:49,600 --> 05:31:53,300
benign, Luxembourg treated me as
a valuable prisoner rather than 

6142
05:31:53,300 --> 05:31:56,300
a criminal housing. 
Me reasonably at his castle at 

6143
05:31:56,300 --> 05:31:58,600
boulier. 
I made one escape attempt, 

6144
05:31:58,600 --> 05:32:01,800
nearly succeeding by squeezing 
between wooden bars before being

6145
05:32:01,800 --> 05:32:04,400
recaptured and transferred. 
To more secure confinement at 

6146
05:32:04,400 --> 05:32:08,100
borova Castle. 
There Luxembourg aren't Jan and 

6147
05:32:08,100 --> 05:32:11,000
wife Jean bun. 
Treated me with unexpected 

6148
05:32:11,000 --> 05:32:13,800
kindness, providing female 
clothing, and gentling 

6149
05:32:13,800 --> 05:32:17,000
encouragement to abandon male 
attire and Military aspirations.

6150
05:32:18,200 --> 05:32:20,500
Their compassion. 
The first feminine 

6151
05:32:20,500 --> 05:32:22,500
companionship. 
I'd experienced since leaving 

6152
05:32:22,500 --> 05:32:26,100
Dahmer me, tempted me toward 
compromise on the voices, would 

6153
05:32:26,100 --> 05:32:28,700
forbid. 
Why must I maintain a male 

6154
05:32:28,700 --> 05:32:30,500
appearance now that fighting has
ended? 

6155
05:32:30,500 --> 05:32:34,400
I asked during prayer, receiving
Catherine's uncompromising 

6156
05:32:34,400 --> 05:32:38,400
response, your mission hasn't 
changed, with capture male 

6157
05:32:38,400 --> 05:32:42,000
attire remains both practical 
protection and a visible sign of

6158
05:32:42,000 --> 05:32:44,100
a Divine exception to worldly 
constraints. 

6159
05:32:45,400 --> 05:32:47,000
News. 
Reached me at borov the 

6160
05:32:47,000 --> 05:32:49,100
comprehensive situation, worse 
and daily. 

6161
05:32:49,900 --> 05:32:52,300
In desperation. 
I attempted a second Escape in 

6162
05:32:52,300 --> 05:32:55,800
October this time jumping from 
the tower window, approximately 

6163
05:32:55,800 --> 05:32:59,500
70 feet above ground. 
The fall should have proof fatal

6164
05:32:59,500 --> 05:33:02,000
that I survived with only 
bruising and temporary. 

6165
05:33:02,000 --> 05:33:05,600
Unconsciousness was later 
presented as either a miracle or

6166
05:33:05,600 --> 05:33:09,300
evidence of demonic protection. 
Depending on The Interpreter. 

6167
05:33:10,300 --> 05:33:12,800
I know November political 
machinations surrounding my 

6168
05:33:12,800 --> 05:33:15,500
captivity, clarified horribly 
the English. 

6169
05:33:15,500 --> 05:33:18,700
Recognizing my symbolic value 
arranged a purchase from 

6170
05:33:18,700 --> 05:33:22,100
Luxembourg for 10,000 Libras a 
substantial. 

6171
05:33:22,100 --> 05:33:24,700
Sum indicating my importance to 
their strategy. 

6172
05:33:24,700 --> 05:33:28,300
Charles made no counter offer. 
Effectively abandoning me to the

6173
05:33:28,308 --> 05:33:31,300
enemies judgment. 
The English faced a dilemma 

6174
05:33:31,300 --> 05:33:34,700
regarding my disposition. 
Simple, execution of a captured 

6175
05:33:34,700 --> 05:33:36,700
enemy combatant would risk. 
Marted him potentially 

6176
05:33:36,700 --> 05:33:39,400
strengthening French Resistance,
rather than weakening it. 

6177
05:33:40,200 --> 05:33:44,100
A more complex strategy emerged.
Systematic, destruction of my 

6178
05:33:44,100 --> 05:33:47,100
Divine claims through 
ecclesiastical condemnation for 

6179
05:33:47,100 --> 05:33:49,300
heresy. 
This approach would not only 

6180
05:33:49,300 --> 05:33:53,400
eliminate me physically, but 
more importantly, delegitimize. 

6181
05:33:53,400 --> 05:33:56,800
Everything I represented Divine 
sank, sanctioned for Charles's 

6182
05:33:56,800 --> 05:33:59,700
Rule and Heaven, support for 
French Resurgence against 

6183
05:33:59,700 --> 05:34:02,700
English occupation. 
In December 1430. 

6184
05:34:02,700 --> 05:34:05,100
They transferred me to rule 
firmly within English, 

6185
05:34:05,100 --> 05:34:08,500
controlled territory conditions,
deteriorated immediately. 

6186
05:34:08,500 --> 05:34:11,800
I was placed in secular prison 
rather than ecclesiastical 

6187
05:34:11,800 --> 05:34:15,100
custody normally accorded, those
facing religious charges 

6188
05:34:15,100 --> 05:34:19,200
confined in Iron shackles 
guarded continuously by Common 

6189
05:34:19,200 --> 05:34:22,700
soldiers, whose Behavior range 
from verbal abuse to attempted 

6190
05:34:22,700 --> 05:34:25,200
assault. 
Why does heaven permit such 

6191
05:34:25,200 --> 05:34:27,300
treatment? 
I asked during increasingly. 

6192
05:34:27,300 --> 05:34:30,000
Desperate prayers. 
What purpose does this suffering

6193
05:34:30,000 --> 05:34:33,100
serve? 
Remember Christ, before Pilate 

6194
05:34:33,100 --> 05:34:37,500
Margaret answered. 
Truth remains truth, even when 

6195
05:34:37,500 --> 05:34:41,400
power condemns it. 
The trial officially began. 

6196
05:34:41,400 --> 05:34:45,300
February 21st 1431, and a bishop
Pierre Cochran. 

6197
05:34:45,800 --> 05:34:48,700
Whose appointment revealed the 
proceedings predetermined 

6198
05:34:48,700 --> 05:34:50,800
nature. 
He was a known English 

6199
05:34:50,800 --> 05:34:54,900
sympathizer, with personal 
animosity toward me, assessors, 

6200
05:34:54,900 --> 05:34:57,400
and judges were carefully 
selected to ensure the desired 

6201
05:34:57,400 --> 05:34:59,400
outcome. 
Well, though, it was technically

6202
05:34:59,400 --> 05:35:02,100
in ecclesiastical Court, the 
proceedings were entirely 

6203
05:35:02,100 --> 05:35:04,300
controlled by English 
authorities. 

6204
05:35:05,100 --> 05:35:08,200
Looking Back Now across times 
distance, I see legal 

6205
05:35:08,200 --> 05:35:11,700
complexities, I couldn't 
recognize their request for 

6206
05:35:11,700 --> 05:35:14,100
balanced, representation from 
both English, and French. 

6207
05:35:14,100 --> 05:35:16,900
Clerics was denied my appeal to 
the pope. 

6208
05:35:16,900 --> 05:35:20,500
Technically my right, under 
Church law was ignored most 

6209
05:35:20,500 --> 05:35:23,400
cruelty, Highly Educated 
theologians denied me, counsel 

6210
05:35:23,400 --> 05:35:27,100
twisting, simple, statements 
into heretical formulations. 

6211
05:35:28,300 --> 05:35:30,800
Do you believe yourself to be in
God's grace call? 

6212
05:35:30,800 --> 05:35:32,100
Sean asked early in the 
proceedings? 

6213
05:35:32,100 --> 05:35:35,800
The theological trap answering? 
Yes, would imply a presumption 

6214
05:35:35,800 --> 05:35:39,200
that is condemned by church 
doctrine while answering. 

6215
05:35:39,200 --> 05:35:41,100
No, would indicate an admission 
of guilt. 

6216
05:35:42,200 --> 05:35:44,700
If I am not. 
May God put me there. 

6217
05:35:44,700 --> 05:35:46,800
I replied after a moment's 
thought. 

6218
05:35:46,800 --> 05:35:52,300
If I am may God keep me there. 
This answer frustrated the 

6219
05:35:52,300 --> 05:35:55,000
interrogators, but I simply 
expressed my actual 

6220
05:35:55,000 --> 05:35:57,500
understanding, showing, 
unexpected, theological 

6221
05:35:57,500 --> 05:36:01,600
sophistication, Grace remained, 
God's Province, not mind to 

6222
05:36:01,600 --> 05:36:04,000
claim. 
Absolutely For five months 

6223
05:36:04,000 --> 05:36:07,900
interrogation, continued, 
sometimes publicly before a full

6224
05:36:07,908 --> 05:36:11,500
tribunal sometimes in private 
prison questioning, my male 

6225
05:36:11,500 --> 05:36:14,800
attire became the central Focus 
providing tangible evidence of 

6226
05:36:14,800 --> 05:36:18,900
defiance against Natural order. 
Voices were dissected endlessly,

6227
05:36:18,900 --> 05:36:22,600
where they Angels or demons. 
Why did they speak to an 

6228
05:36:22,600 --> 05:36:25,600
uneducated girl rather than 
through the established church 

6229
05:36:25,600 --> 05:36:28,800
hierarchy? 
I recorded an examined each of 

6230
05:36:28,800 --> 05:36:31,900
my answers for inconsistencies 
and potential heresies. 

6231
05:36:31,900 --> 05:36:36,100
What records don't capture the 
physical deterioration during 

6232
05:36:36,100 --> 05:36:38,100
this period. 
Prison conditions. 

6233
05:36:38,100 --> 05:36:42,200
Continuous shackling, poor 
nutrition, sleep interrupted by 

6234
05:36:42,200 --> 05:36:45,100
God's harassment, gradually 
weakened a body already 

6235
05:36:45,100 --> 05:36:47,100
compromised by previous wounds 
and hardship. 

6236
05:36:47,900 --> 05:36:51,000
By may, I suffered recurring, 
fevers dramatic weight loss and 

6237
05:36:51,000 --> 05:36:53,400
periods of confusion during 
longer integration's. 

6238
05:36:53,400 --> 05:36:56,200
The voice is remained present 
but changed character. 

6239
05:36:56,200 --> 05:37:00,100
Less commanding more comforting,
a smoking increasingly of 

6240
05:37:00,100 --> 05:37:04,100
heavenly reward, rather Victory 
preparing me for an outcome. 

6241
05:37:04,100 --> 05:37:07,400
That seemed increasingly 
inevitable Will I burn? 

6242
05:37:07,400 --> 05:37:09,500
I asked directly during one 
night's prayer. 

6243
05:37:10,300 --> 05:37:12,100
The body is temporary. 
Catherine, answer. 

6244
05:37:12,100 --> 05:37:15,700
Gently, what matters is truth 
maintained until the end. 

6245
05:37:16,700 --> 05:37:20,200
On May the 24th I was taken to 
the rule on Cemetery where 

6246
05:37:20,200 --> 05:37:23,100
scaffolds had been erected one 
holding officials, who would 

6247
05:37:23,100 --> 05:37:26,400
witness my anticipated? 
Recantation, another displaying 

6248
05:37:26,400 --> 05:37:28,500
instruments of execution. 
Should I refuse? 

6249
05:37:29,300 --> 05:37:32,200
Exhausted physically and 
isolated completely. 

6250
05:37:32,200 --> 05:37:35,500
I briefly wavered when presented
with a document, I was told 

6251
05:37:35,500 --> 05:37:38,500
contained a simple app, duration
of male clothing and independent

6252
05:37:38,500 --> 05:37:42,000
interpretation of voices. 
What I was unaware of was that 

6253
05:37:42,000 --> 05:37:44,900
the actual document contained a 
comprehensive admission of Freud

6254
05:37:44,900 --> 05:37:47,900
demonic influence and heretical 
intent. 

6255
05:37:47,900 --> 05:37:51,300
Completely repudiating. 
Everything I had experienced and

6256
05:37:51,300 --> 05:37:55,300
represented Unable to read, I 
trusted partial translations 

6257
05:37:55,300 --> 05:37:58,000
provided by clerics, whose 
deception served their 

6258
05:37:58,000 --> 05:38:01,100
predetermined purpose. 
I signed with a simple cross 

6259
05:38:01,100 --> 05:38:04,000
mark unaware that I was giving 
my enemies exactly what they 

6260
05:38:04,000 --> 05:38:06,300
needed. 
And apparent admission that 

6261
05:38:06,300 --> 05:38:10,100
everything I had about Divine 
guidance was false this 

6262
05:38:10,100 --> 05:38:13,600
temporary weakness, a product of
extreme duress rather than a 

6263
05:38:13,600 --> 05:38:16,800
genuine change of heart provided
legal justification For What 

6264
05:38:16,800 --> 05:38:20,100
followed Return to prison rather
than transferred to 

6265
05:38:20,100 --> 05:38:21,800
ecclesiastical custody as 
promised. 

6266
05:38:21,800 --> 05:38:24,900
I found myself still surrounded 
by hostile guards. 

6267
05:38:24,900 --> 05:38:27,000
Still denied female 
companionship. 

6268
05:38:27,000 --> 05:38:29,000
That would have made feminine 
clothing, practically 

6269
05:38:29,000 --> 05:38:32,000
sustainable. 
When my clothes were taken while

6270
05:38:32,000 --> 05:38:34,300
I stepped and only male attire 
was left available. 

6271
05:38:34,300 --> 05:38:38,600
I faced an impossible Choice 
remain naked among male guards 

6272
05:38:38,600 --> 05:38:41,300
or Dawn. 
Forbidden garments the voices 

6273
05:38:41,300 --> 05:38:43,200
spoke with unusual Clarity that 
morning. 

6274
05:38:43,900 --> 05:38:47,000
Better modest impropriety than 
in modest vulnerability. 

6275
05:38:48,000 --> 05:38:51,000
I dressed in Male clothing. 
Knowing this relapse provided 

6276
05:38:51,000 --> 05:38:54,800
the final justification enemies 
sought. when judges returned to 

6277
05:38:54,800 --> 05:38:58,100
document this transgression, I 
formally recanted my previous 

6278
05:38:58,100 --> 05:39:02,200
abbreviation Stating clearly, 
that voices were indeed Divine, 

6279
05:39:02,200 --> 05:39:05,800
that the mission had been Heaven
Sent and that temporary weakness

6280
05:39:05,800 --> 05:39:09,200
had betrayed truth. 
I would rather do Penance once 

6281
05:39:09,200 --> 05:39:12,400
with death and their 
imprisonment suffering 

6282
05:39:12,400 --> 05:39:15,700
continuously. 
I told them with renewed Clarity

6283
05:39:15,700 --> 05:39:20,100
despite knowing the consequence 
On May the 30th 1431. 

6284
05:39:20,100 --> 05:39:24,100
The final sentence was announced
declared a relapsed heretic. 

6285
05:39:24,100 --> 05:39:27,800
I would face public execution, 
by burning the most painful 

6286
05:39:27,800 --> 05:39:31,400
death authorities could legally.
Impose, deliberately chosen to 

6287
05:39:31,400 --> 05:39:34,600
create maximum suffering, they 
hoped would produce a final 

6288
05:39:34,600 --> 05:39:38,400
public confession that morning, 
I made a final confession to a 

6289
05:39:38,400 --> 05:39:40,800
sympathetic priest and received 
communion, despite being 

6290
05:39:40,800 --> 05:39:44,700
formally excommunicated, a small
Act of compassionate Defiance by

6291
05:39:44,700 --> 05:39:48,500
a cleric who recognized 
Injustice unfolding, Wearing the

6292
05:39:48,508 --> 05:39:51,400
traditional long, white garment 
for heresy executions. 

6293
05:39:51,400 --> 05:39:54,600
A cart transported me through 
Rouen streets toward the old 

6294
05:39:54,600 --> 05:39:58,300
marketplace, where executioner 
waited, The crowds mood 

6295
05:39:58,300 --> 05:40:01,900
surprised me. 
Not triumphant, but somber, many

6296
05:40:01,900 --> 05:40:04,700
openly weeping. 
These were not my French 

6297
05:40:04,700 --> 05:40:08,800
compatriots but Norman subjects 
under English rule yet something

6298
05:40:08,800 --> 05:40:13,200
about my situation transcended 
political loyalty later accounts

6299
05:40:13,200 --> 05:40:16,000
would claim English authorities,
grew concerned that sympathy 

6300
05:40:16,000 --> 05:40:18,800
might transform into riots and 
that martyred of them was being 

6301
05:40:18,800 --> 05:40:20,900
created. 
Despite their carefully, legal 

6302
05:40:20,900 --> 05:40:24,500
maneuvering, At the execution. 
Ground officials at me a final 

6303
05:40:24,500 --> 05:40:27,100
opportunity to recount before. 
Tying me to a tall. 

6304
05:40:27,100 --> 05:40:29,200
Stake erected atop a substantial
pile. 

6305
05:40:29,200 --> 05:40:32,600
The method was deliberate. 
Slow death by Suffocation and 

6306
05:40:32,600 --> 05:40:35,100
burning rather than quicker, 
execution methods available. 

6307
05:40:36,100 --> 05:40:38,600
Jesus. 
I called repeatedly as flames 

6308
05:40:38,600 --> 05:40:41,900
were lit, no longer concerned 
with appearing strong before 

6309
05:40:41,900 --> 05:40:44,200
enemies. 
Simply seeking comfort in the 

6310
05:40:44,208 --> 05:40:46,400
name that had guided my journey 
from its beginning. 

6311
05:40:47,500 --> 05:40:50,600
The voice is spoke one final 
time as smoke began Rising. 

6312
05:40:51,400 --> 05:40:54,800
Your suffering ends today your 
Vindication begins. 

6313
05:40:56,400 --> 05:40:59,600
The physical Agony that followed
transcends description, 

6314
05:40:59,600 --> 05:41:02,900
historical accounts, claim my 
heart remained intact among 

6315
05:41:02,900 --> 05:41:05,700
ashes afterward. 
A symbolic detail probably 

6316
05:41:05,700 --> 05:41:08,100
invented by later. 
Chroniclers seeking miraculous 

6317
05:41:08,100 --> 05:41:11,900
elements for potential canonized
in nization, What mattered 

6318
05:41:11,900 --> 05:41:15,100
wasn't physical preservation, 
but the truth maintained until 

6319
05:41:15,100 --> 05:41:18,900
the end that simple Faith could 
withstand elaborate machinations

6320
05:41:18,900 --> 05:41:22,100
of power and that Divine 
Purpose, worked through unlikely

6321
05:41:22,100 --> 05:41:26,500
instruments. 25 years later, 
Charles the seventh firmly 

6322
05:41:26,500 --> 05:41:29,700
established as France's 
legitimate, king would order an 

6323
05:41:29,700 --> 05:41:32,100
investigation that formerly. 
Nullified my conviction 

6324
05:41:32,100 --> 05:41:37,600
declaring the trial Prejudiced 
and illegitimate in 1456 a 

6325
05:41:37,600 --> 05:41:40,100
rehabilitation trial formerly 
cleared, my name of heresy 

6326
05:41:40,100 --> 05:41:42,500
charges Yet, full Vindication 
waited. 

6327
05:41:42,500 --> 05:41:46,100
Nearly 5 centuries until May the
16th 1920. 

6328
05:41:46,100 --> 05:41:49,500
When the Catholic Church 
declared me, a Saint official 

6329
05:41:49,500 --> 05:41:52,000
recognition that voices, 
condemned, his demonic had 

6330
05:41:52,000 --> 05:41:55,900
indeed, been Divine history, 
remembers outcomes, all Leon 

6331
05:41:55,900 --> 05:41:59,500
relieved, Charles, crowned 
France of eventually liberated 

6332
05:41:59,500 --> 05:42:03,200
from the English occupation, 
these visible victories obscure.

6333
05:42:03,200 --> 05:42:07,100
The internal Journey that began 
with a garden whisper and ended 

6334
05:42:07,100 --> 05:42:10,400
in Marketplace, Flames. 
The voice is never promised, 

6335
05:42:10,400 --> 05:42:13,700
Earthly, reward or personal 
Glory, they offered only purpose

6336
05:42:13,700 --> 05:42:16,600
Direction and the chance to 
serve as an instrument for 

6337
05:42:16,600 --> 05:42:19,800
something larger than myself. 
They called me made of all 

6338
05:42:19,800 --> 05:42:21,400
dubbed. 
Me a miracle. 

6339
05:42:21,400 --> 05:42:24,800
Worker labeled me a witch and a 
heretic and eventually 

6340
05:42:24,800 --> 05:42:28,600
recognized me as a saint. 
Yet through all transformations,

6341
05:42:28,600 --> 05:42:33,100
I remained Johannes from donor 
me. simple girl, who answered 

6342
05:42:33,100 --> 05:42:36,700
when voices called, who held to 
truth heard within more firmly 

6343
05:42:36,700 --> 05:42:40,500
than to comfort offered without 
Perhaps that represents the most

6344
05:42:40,500 --> 05:42:43,800
enduring Legacy that 
extraordinary purpose May 

6345
05:42:43,800 --> 05:42:47,300
inhabit ordinary lives. 
That Divine participation in 

6346
05:42:47,300 --> 05:42:50,800
human history, rarely follows 
expected channels but instead 

6347
05:42:50,800 --> 05:42:54,300
Works through unlikely vessels 
willing to say simply here, am I

6348
05:42:54,308 --> 05:42:55,100
send me?