How Ancient People Told Time Without Clocks and more | Black Screen, Rain

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Hey, everyone. 
Tonight, we're turning back the 

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clock. 
Well, not literally because 

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we're diving into how ancient 
civilizations told time before 

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clocks ever existed. 
People devised various ingenious

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methods to measure the passage 
of time from observing Shadows 

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moving across, sundials to 
listening to the sound of water.

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Dripping in peaceful bowls long 
before the Advent of ticking 

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clocks and alarm clocks. 
In a world without wrist watches

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or phone screens time moved with
the Stars the seasons and the 

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slow rhythm of nature. 
So before we begin, let me know 

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in the comments where you're 
tuning in from, and what time it

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is for you, as it's always 
incredible to see the moments. 

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We share from so many different 
corners of the world. 

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Now, lower the lights, maybe 
turn on a fan or enjoy our rain 

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sounds in the background. 
Now, let's begin. 

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Shall we? 
You know, that feeling when you 

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wake up without an alarm 
naturally stirring just as the 

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first like creeps through your 
bedroom window. 

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That's actually your body 
remembering something incredibly

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ancient. 
Your ancestors didn't need 

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smartphones. 
Buzzing at 6:30 a.m. because 

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they had something far more 
reliable, the sun itself, and a 

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deep understanding of how the 
world moves around the picture 

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yourself living 5,000 years ago.
Imagine a world without clocks 

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ticking on walls. 
Digital displays glowing in the 

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dark or settling apps. 
Reminding you about meeting's. 

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Stead, you would awaken to the 
sound of the roosters crow, a 

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reminder that people actually 
kept roosters as their own 

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personal alarm clocks. 
The internal Timing System of 

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these, birds is so precise that 
they would Crow at nearly the 

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same time every morning within a
few minutes variation. 

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But here's where it gets 
interesting. 

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You wouldn't think? 
Oh, it's 6, 15. 

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A m. 
You'd think the sun is one 

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hand's width above, the Horizon.
All the Shadows are three times 

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longer than my height. 
Ancient people measured Time by 

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observing the world around them 
and they became incredibly 

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skilled at reading these natural
signals in ancient Egypt, priest

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would watch for the moment when 
certain Stars appeared on the 

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horizon Just Before Dawn, they 
called these Deacon stars and 

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they divided the night into 
segments, based on which stars 

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were visible. 
It wasn't just about knowing 

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when to wake up, it was about 
understanding the rhythm of the 

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universe itself. 
Your ancestors approximately 200

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Generations back. 
A Time experts out of necessity 

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Farmers needed to know when to 
plant and harvest Sailors needed

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to navigate by the Stars, 
religious ceremonies had to 

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happen at specific moments. 
Missing the right time, could 

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mean the difference between a 
successful Harvest and 

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starvation, or between safely, 
reaching port and becoming lost 

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at sea. 
The funny thing is they were 

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probably better at telling time 
than you are right now without a

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watch. 
Could you tell if it's closer to

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2 p.m. or 4 p.m. just by looking
around? 

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Ancient people could estimate 
time within minutes, just by 

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glancing at Shadows or noticing,
which birds were singing, they 

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didn't just track hours, they 
understood Seasons with 

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Incredible Precision. 
They knew that when the player D

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star cluster appeared at a 
certain angle, it was time to 

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start preparing for winter. 
When specific flowers bloomed, 

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it meant the rains would come 
in. 

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Exactly three weeks. 
Such informational wasn't 

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Superstition, it was accumulated
knowledge, passed down through 

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generations, of careful 
observation, imagine living so 

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connected to Natural rhythms 
that you could sense time in 

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your bones. 
You'd wake up naturally Before 

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Dawn work during the productive 
hours when light was good rest 

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during the heat of midday and 
settle in to evening activities 

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as the sun began to set. 
Your body would be synchronized 

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with the earth rotation in a way
that modern people can barely 

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imagine the ancient Chinese 
divided day and night into 12 

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periods. 
Each lasting about two hours. 

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And of numbers, they named these
periods after animals, the hour 

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of the rat, 11 p.m. to 1 a.m. 
Yar of the ox one a.m. to 3 a.m.

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and so on. 
Each animal represented the 

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time. 
When that creature was most 

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active, it's practical and 
poetic at the same time very 

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different from our cold 
numerical approach to time. 

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What strikes you most about 
ancient? 

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Timekeeping isn't just how they 
did it but how relaxed they were

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about Precision. 
If someone said meet me when the

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sun is halfway to its highest 
point, everyone understood this 

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might vary by 10 or 15 minutes 
depending on the season. 

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The weather will simply how 
careful you are paying 

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attention. 
Time was fluid natural and 

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forgiving. 
The system wasn't primitive. 

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It was sophisticated in ways. 
We've forgotten, they build in 

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Tire civilizations using nothing
but careful, observation of 

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natural patterns and Somehow 
they manage to coordinate 

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complex, societies plan, 
elaborate constructions, and 

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maintain religious calendars, 
that were accurate across 

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centuries. 
As you drift towards sleep 

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tonight, your participating in 
the same daily Rhythm that has 

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guided humans for thousands of 
years. 

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Your body knows it's time to 
rest, just as it has always 

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known. 
Let's talk about the most 

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obvious time. 
Keeping your ancestors, used the

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Sun, but they didn't just notice
that it Rose and set. 

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They became experts at reading. 
The sun's position understanding

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its moods and predicting Its 
Behavior with startling 

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accuracy. 
You've probably noticed that the

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sun doesn't rise in exactly the 
same spot every day during the 

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summer. 
It rises further north and 

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travels higher across the sky. 
In Winter, it rises further 

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south and stays lower. 
Ancient people not only noticed 

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this, they used it as a 
sophisticated calendar system, 

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the ancient Egyptians built 
their entire civilization 

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around, the sun's annual 
Journey. 

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They knew that when the sun rose
at its northernmost point, the 

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Nile River would flood in 
exactly 60 days. 

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This wasn't magic, it was 
careful observation refined over

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centuries, they could predict 
the flooding so accurately that 

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they plan their entire 
agricultural year around it. 

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As what is really clever, they 
didn't just watch where the sun 

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rose, they watched Shadows, you 
know how your Shadow is short, 

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and new and long in the morning.
And evening, ancient people turn

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this practice into a precise 
timekeeping system. 

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They'd place a stick in the 
ground and Mark where its shadow

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fell throughout the day after 
doing this for just a few days. 

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They could tell time by glancing
at the Shadows length and 

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direction The Babylonians 
enthusiastically adopted this 

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concept. 
They created the first sundials 

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around 3,500 BCE but these 
weren't the fancy sundials. 

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You might see in gardens today. 
They were simple stones with 

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lines marked around them. 
The shadow of a central stick 

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would fall across different 
lines as the day progressed, it 

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was like having a clock that 
worked perfectly as long as the 

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Sun was shining. 
What's amusing is that different

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cultures developed completely 
different ways of dividing 

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daylight. 
The Egyptians divided the day 

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into 12 Parts but these were not
equal hours summer hours were 

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longer than winter hours because
there was more Daylight to 

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divide. 
Imagine if your work day was 

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naturally longer in summer and 
shorter in Winter actually that 

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sounds rather nice. 
Ancient people in Northern 

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climates had to be even more 
creative. 

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During their Long Winter nights,
the sun barely appeared of the 

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Horizon. 
They learned to read the quality

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of light with Incredible 
subtlety. 

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They could tell the difference 
between first light when the sky

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begins to like and sunrise and 
the sun's Edge appears and Son, 

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clear when the full sun is 
visible, Each of these moments 

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happened at predictable 
intervals, giving them a natural

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morning schedule. 
The ancient Greeks made a 

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fascinating discovery about 
shadows and time they learned 

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that your noon Shadow could tell
you the date during the summer. 

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Solstice your noon Shadow is 
shortest during the winter 

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solstice its longest every day 
in between, your shadows are 

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slightly different lengths. 
They essentially turned their 

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bodies into calendar systems. 
Here's something that might 

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surprise, you ancient people 
were obsessed with finding true.

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North They understood that true.
North was crucial for precise 

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timekeeping not because they 
possessed compasses they'd spent

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hours observing the Stars noting
where the sun rose and set and 

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finding that Perfect North South
Line. 

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Once they had it, they could 
create timekeeping systems that 

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worked year round, the ancient 
Indians developed, something 

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called gasic a time where each 
day was divided into 60 parts. 

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But instead of using mechanical 
devices they used water, they'd 

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float, a small bowl with a hole 
in the bottom in a larger 

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container of water. 
The small bowl would sink after.

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Exactly one gutter about 24 
minutes, it was simple accurate 

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and worked regardless of whether
Sunbed time keeping wasn't just 

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practical. 
It was deeply spiritual for many

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cultures. 
The ancient Persians believed 

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that observing, the sun's daily 
Journey was a form of prayer. 

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They'd perform specific rituals 
at Sunrise, noon and sunset. 

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Turning timekeeping into a 
religious practice. 

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Time wasn't just about 
scheduling, it was about 

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connecting with the Divine 
Rhythm of the universe. 

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You have to admire their 
patience and attention to 

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detail, they'd spend years 
carefully. 

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Observing how Shadows moved, how
light changed and how the sun's 

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path shifted through the 
seasons. 

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They created amazingly accurate 
systems, using nothing but 

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careful, observation and simple 
tools. 

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No batteries required, no 
digital displays, no software 

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updates, just the Eternal dance 
between Earth and Sun. 

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Once the sun set, your 
ancestors, didn't just give up 

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on time. 
Keeping, they looked up at the 

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night sky and saw the most 
magnificent clock face, ever 

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created, the Stars became their 
nighttime, timepiece, and they 

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developed ways of reading Stella
time. 

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That would impress modern 
astronomers. 

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You probably know the North 
Star, but did you know that 

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ancient people use it to the 
center of a giant Cosmic clock? 

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They noticed that all the other 
stars seem to rotate around this

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one. 
Fixed point. 

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By watching how far the Big 
Dipper had rotated around the 

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North Star. 
They could tell exactly what 

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time it was during the night. 
There was like, having our 

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markers painted across the 
entire sky, The ancient 

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Egyptians were particularly 
skilled at Stella timekeeping 

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they identified 36 special stars
that they called deacons. 

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These Stars would rise Just 
Before Dawn in a predictable 

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sequence throughout the year. 
By knowing which Deacon star was

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Rising. 
They could tell, not just the 

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time of night but also what day 
of the year it was imagine being

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able to look up, an instantly 
know, both the time and the 

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date. 
And here's where it gets really 

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interesting, different cultures 
saw completely different 

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patterns in the same Stars. 
The ancient Chinese didn't see a

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big dipper, they saw a northern 
Dipper. 

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That was part of a larger 
pattern called the black 

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tortoise of the North. 
The ancient Arabs observed 

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mourners following a coffin. 
Ancient Greeks divided the night

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sky into 48 constellations each 
with its own story and timing 

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significance. 
The ancient Greeks took star 

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watching to almost obsessive 
levels. 

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They divided the night sky into 
48. 

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Constellation's each with its 
story and timing significance. 

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The new that went Orion was 
directly overhead. 

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It was the middle of winter. 
When Scorpius dominated the sky,

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some was at its peak, they 
essentially turned pathology 

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into a calendar system. 
Here's something that might 

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Amaze. 
You ancient people could predict

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a clip's with remarkable 
accuracy sometimes centuries in 

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advance. they didn't understand 
the scientific reasons behind 

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eclipses, but they recognize the
patterns, they knew that if 

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there was a lunar eclipse on a 
certain date, the next one would

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occur exactly 18 years 11 days 
and Angles later. 

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The ancient Babylonians 
discovered this period known as 

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assados cycle. 
Around 2000, BCE The ancient 

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Polynesians developed perhaps 
the most sophisticated Stella 

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navigation system ever created. 
They could say across thousands 

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of miles of open ocean using 
nothing but the Stars ocean 

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swells and wind patterns. 
The new hundreds of star names 

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and could tell their exact 
position on the Pacific, Ocean 

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by identifying, which stars were
directly overhead. 

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He's worked just Sailors, they 
were living Star Charts. 

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What's fascinating, is how they 
dealt with cloudy nights ancient

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00:12:09,500 --> 00:12:13,000
people and cloudy, climate 
backup systems for Stella time, 

233
00:12:13,000 --> 00:12:16,200
keeping they'd listened to the 
sounds of nocturnal animals, 

234
00:12:16,200 --> 00:12:19,000
which tend to be active at 
specific times of night. 

235
00:12:19,900 --> 00:12:22,700
They'd observe the behavior of 
their domestic animals, which 

236
00:12:22,700 --> 00:12:24,800
often have predictable 
nighttime, routines. 

237
00:12:25,600 --> 00:12:28,100
They'd even notice subtle 
changes in air temperature, and 

238
00:12:28,100 --> 00:12:31,400
humidity, that occur at regular 
intervals throughout the night. 

239
00:12:32,800 --> 00:12:36,300
The ancient Mayans built entire 
cities aligned with Stellar 

240
00:12:36,300 --> 00:12:38,500
events. 
They knew that Venus appears as 

241
00:12:38,500 --> 00:12:41,400
both a Morning Star and an 
evening star in a predictable 

242
00:12:41,400 --> 00:12:45,300
584 day cycle. 
They used this cycled to plan 

243
00:12:45,300 --> 00:12:47,700
wars ceremonies and agricultural
activities. 

244
00:12:48,500 --> 00:12:51,500
Their calendar was so accurate 
that it's only off by about two 

245
00:12:51,500 --> 00:12:53,700
minutes per year. 
More precise than the calendar 

246
00:12:53,700 --> 00:12:56,700
we use today. 
Ancient people also noticed that

247
00:12:56,700 --> 00:12:58,900
the Stars change position 
throughout the year. 

248
00:12:58,900 --> 00:13:01,900
The constellation visible at 
midnight in January would be 

249
00:13:01,908 --> 00:13:04,300
completely different from the 
one visible at midnight. 

250
00:13:04,300 --> 00:13:07,900
In July, they used this Stellar 
seasonal change as a long-term 

251
00:13:07,900 --> 00:13:11,300
calendar Farmers would know to 
plant crops when certain Stars 

252
00:13:11,300 --> 00:13:14,600
appeared at dusk and harvest and
those same Stars appeared at 

253
00:13:14,608 --> 00:13:17,500
dawn, the ancient Chinese 
developed a system where they 

254
00:13:17,500 --> 00:13:19,700
divided the sky into 28 
Mansions. 

255
00:13:19,700 --> 00:13:22,600
Each representing a different 
day of their lunar month. 

256
00:13:23,500 --> 00:13:26,700
As the moon moved through the 
Stellar Mansions, it provided a 

257
00:13:26,700 --> 00:13:30,200
natural calendar that combined 
time keeping with astronomical 

258
00:13:30,200 --> 00:13:32,600
observation. 
They could tell you the date and

259
00:13:32,600 --> 00:13:36,200
the Moon's phase next week. 
Perhaps most remarkably ancient 

260
00:13:36,200 --> 00:13:39,200
people understood that the Stars
themselves were slowly moving. 

261
00:13:39,200 --> 00:13:42,100
They realized that the North 
Star wouldn't always be the 

262
00:13:42,100 --> 00:13:44,300
north star that the 
constellation patterns were 

263
00:13:44,300 --> 00:13:48,000
gradually shifting. 
This knowledge called precession

264
00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:51,300
shows just how careful they were
observing the night sky over 

265
00:13:51,300 --> 00:13:55,000
Generations when clouds covered 
the sun and stars your ancestors

266
00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:58,100
didn't just shrug and give up on
time keeping they got creative. 

267
00:13:58,100 --> 00:14:01,200
They discovered that time could 
be measured by watching water 

268
00:14:01,200 --> 00:14:04,700
drip sandfall or even by 
observing how long it took 

269
00:14:04,700 --> 00:14:07,600
certain things to burn these 
inventions were the world's 

270
00:14:07,600 --> 00:14:11,900
first, truly portable clocks, 
the water clock or clepsidra 

271
00:14:12,600 --> 00:14:15,200
It's probably the most ingenious
timekeeping device of the 

272
00:14:15,200 --> 00:14:18,300
ancient world. 
Picture a large container with a

273
00:14:18,300 --> 00:14:21,900
small hole in the bottom. water,
would drip out at a steady rate 

274
00:14:21,900 --> 00:14:25,200
and you could tell time by 
seeing how much water remained 

275
00:14:26,400 --> 00:14:31,000
The ancient Egyptians use these 
as early as 3,400 BCE and they 

276
00:14:31,000 --> 00:14:34,000
were surprisingly accurate. 
Trick was getting the whole 

277
00:14:34,000 --> 00:14:38,000
exactly the right size, two big,
and the water rushed out to 

278
00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:41,400
small and it barely dripped. 
But here's what's clever they 

279
00:14:41,400 --> 00:14:43,000
realized that water flows 
faster. 

280
00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:45,900
When there's more pressure which
means a full container would 

281
00:14:45,900 --> 00:14:47,700
empty faster than a nearly empty
one. 

282
00:14:47,700 --> 00:14:51,000
So they designed containers with
special shapes that compensated 

283
00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:53,200
for this. 
Some were shaped like flower 

284
00:14:53,200 --> 00:14:55,300
pots wide. 
At the top than the bottom 

285
00:14:55,300 --> 00:14:58,600
others have complex, internal 
mechanisms that kept the water 

286
00:14:58,600 --> 00:15:01,200
pressure constant, these were 
just functional. 

287
00:15:01,200 --> 00:15:04,400
They were works of art decorated
with intricate carvings and 

288
00:15:04,400 --> 00:15:08,200
religious symbols The ancient 
Babylonians Advanced water clock

289
00:15:08,200 --> 00:15:11,200
significantly. 
Created elaborate systems with 

290
00:15:11,200 --> 00:15:14,700
multiple containers, floating 
indicators, and even alarm 

291
00:15:14,700 --> 00:15:18,400
mechanisms some could track. 
Not just hours, but also days 

292
00:15:18,400 --> 00:15:21,600
and weeks, they'd set up a 
series of containers that would 

293
00:15:21,600 --> 00:15:24,400
empty into each other in 
sequence, creating a kind of 

294
00:15:24,400 --> 00:15:29,000
liquid calendar system, sand 
clocks, or hourglasses came 

295
00:15:29,000 --> 00:15:33,400
later, but were incredibly 
practical unlike water sand 

296
00:15:33,400 --> 00:15:36,800
Flows at a completely consistent
rate, regardless of temperature 

297
00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:39,600
or humidity. 
Ancient people discovered that 

298
00:15:39,600 --> 00:15:42,800
by using very fine sand and 
carefully calibrated openings, 

299
00:15:42,800 --> 00:15:45,600
they could create remarkably 
accurate timing devices. 

300
00:15:46,600 --> 00:15:49,500
The sand had to be perfectly dry
and uniform it. 

301
00:15:49,500 --> 00:15:52,500
Sometimes spend hours sifting 
sand through increasingly fine 

302
00:15:52,500 --> 00:15:53,700
meshes to get the right 
consistency. 

303
00:15:53,700 --> 00:15:57,400
Different cultures developed 
unique approaches to sand time 

304
00:15:57,400 --> 00:16:00,900
keeping The ancient Chinese 
used, not just sand, but also 

305
00:16:00,900 --> 00:16:03,300
powdered marble crushed, 
eggshells. 

306
00:16:03,300 --> 00:16:05,400
And even finely ground tea 
leaves. 

307
00:16:06,400 --> 00:16:09,700
Each material had different flow
characteristics, allowing them 

308
00:16:09,700 --> 00:16:11,400
to create timers for different 
purposes. 

309
00:16:11,400 --> 00:16:14,900
A tea time, a might run for 
exactly the time needed to 

310
00:16:14,900 --> 00:16:18,300
properly steep leaves while a 
marble timer might track longer 

311
00:16:18,300 --> 00:16:20,100
periods. 
Here's something that might 

312
00:16:20,100 --> 00:16:23,900
amuse you, the ancient Romans 
used candle clocks for like time

313
00:16:23,900 --> 00:16:28,100
keeping they'd Mark regular 
intervals on candles and as the 

314
00:16:28,100 --> 00:16:31,100
wax burned down, they could tell
how much time had passed. 

315
00:16:32,100 --> 00:16:34,700
But they quickly discovered that
candles burn at different rates 

316
00:16:34,700 --> 00:16:37,800
depending on air, currents, 
temperature, and the quality of 

317
00:16:37,800 --> 00:16:40,300
the wax. 
So they created elaborate candle

318
00:16:40,300 --> 00:16:43,500
holders that protected the flame
from drafts and kept the burning

319
00:16:43,500 --> 00:16:46,600
rate consistent. 
The ancient Chinese refined 

320
00:16:46,600 --> 00:16:49,900
candle timekeeping into a 
sophisticated art, they created 

321
00:16:49,900 --> 00:16:53,000
special incense sticks that 
burned at precisely controlled 

322
00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:56,200
rates, some were designed to 
burn for exactly two hours, 

323
00:16:56,200 --> 00:17:00,500
others for 12 hours, they embed 
small bells, or chimes in the 

324
00:17:00,500 --> 00:17:02,900
incense sticks. 
So when the incense burned down 

325
00:17:02,900 --> 00:17:05,900
to a certain point, the Bell 
would drop and create an alarm. 

326
00:17:06,700 --> 00:17:09,500
Imagine waking up to the gentle 
chime of a bell that had been 

327
00:17:09,508 --> 00:17:11,500
timed by the slow burning of 
fragrant. 

328
00:17:11,500 --> 00:17:15,300
Incense ancient people also used
their body's as timing devices. 

329
00:17:15,300 --> 00:17:18,500
They knew that a healthy 
person's pulse Beats at a fairly

330
00:17:18,500 --> 00:17:21,000
consistent rate. 
So they could estimate short 

331
00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:23,000
periods of time by counting 
heartbeats. 

332
00:17:23,000 --> 00:17:26,000
They discovered that it takes 
about the same amount of time to

333
00:17:26,000 --> 00:17:29,700
recite certain prayers or poems.
So religious texts became timing

334
00:17:29,700 --> 00:17:32,200
tools. 
The priest might know that a 

335
00:17:32,200 --> 00:17:35,200
particular chant lasted, exactly
long enough for a water clock to

336
00:17:35,200 --> 00:17:38,300
empty one level, the ancient 
Indians developed something 

337
00:17:38,300 --> 00:17:41,000
called garty measurements using 
floating bowls. 

338
00:17:41,000 --> 00:17:44,700
They place a metal bowl with a 
tiny hole in the bottom into a 

339
00:17:44,700 --> 00:17:48,100
larger container of water. 
The bowl would slowly fill and 

340
00:17:48,100 --> 00:17:53,600
sink taking exactly 24 minutes, 
one, garty by using multiple 

341
00:17:53,600 --> 00:17:56,900
bowls of different sizes. 
They could create complex Timing

342
00:17:56,900 --> 00:17:59,800
Systems that tracked everything 
from minutes to months. 

343
00:18:00,700 --> 00:18:03,000
What's remarkable is? 
How accurate these ancient 

344
00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:07,500
timing devices were Modern tests
of reconstructed, ancient water 

345
00:18:07,500 --> 00:18:10,300
clocks, show that they were 
often accurate to within a few 

346
00:18:10,308 --> 00:18:14,100
minutes over a 12-hour period. 
That's impressive Precision for 

347
00:18:14,100 --> 00:18:17,700
devices made with simple tools 
and materials they achieved this

348
00:18:17,700 --> 00:18:19,800
accuracy. 
Through careful experimentation 

349
00:18:19,800 --> 00:18:23,300
precise craftsmanship and 
generations of refinement. 

350
00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:26,700
Ancient people also understood 
that different situations 

351
00:18:26,700 --> 00:18:30,600
require different timing tools. 
Water, clocks were perfect for 

352
00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:32,400
daytime use but could freeze in 
Winter. 

353
00:18:32,400 --> 00:18:35,900
Although they functioned in all 
weather conditions, sand Clocks 

354
00:18:35,900 --> 00:18:40,000
Were delicate and susceptible to
humidity, fluctuations candle 

355
00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:43,300
clocks, while effective at 
night, proved an effective in 

356
00:18:43,300 --> 00:18:45,800
windy conditions. 
So they developed multiple 

357
00:18:45,800 --> 00:18:48,600
systems and used whichever 
worked best for their immediate 

358
00:18:48,600 --> 00:18:51,600
needs, your ancestors, 
understood something that modern

359
00:18:51,600 --> 00:18:55,700
people often, forget time isn't 
just about hours and minutes, it

360
00:18:55,700 --> 00:18:59,600
encompasses the concepts of 
Seasons cycles and the Perpetual

361
00:18:59,600 --> 00:19:02,400
rotation of the year. 
They developed sophisticated 

362
00:19:02,400 --> 00:19:06,400
ways of tracking long-term time 
that connected daily life with 

363
00:19:06,400 --> 00:19:09,700
the grand patterns of nature, 
the ancient Health did not 

364
00:19:09,700 --> 00:19:12,400
perceive time as a linear 
progression from the past to the

365
00:19:12,408 --> 00:19:15,400
Future. 
They saw it as a spiral where 

366
00:19:15,400 --> 00:19:18,400
similar events happened 
repeatedly, but never exactly 

367
00:19:18,400 --> 00:19:21,700
the same way twice. 
The divided their year in to 8, 

368
00:19:21,700 --> 00:19:25,100
major festivals each marking an 
important shift in the natural 

369
00:19:25,100 --> 00:19:27,700
world. 
Semi Mark, the beginning of 

370
00:19:27,700 --> 00:19:31,000
winter in bulk celebrated, the 
first stirrings of spring, 

371
00:19:31,000 --> 00:19:33,500
Beltane welcomed the fertility 
of early summer. 

372
00:19:33,500 --> 00:19:36,300
And so on these aren't just 
parties. 

373
00:19:36,300 --> 00:19:39,500
They were precise markers in a 
complex calendar system. 

374
00:19:39,500 --> 00:19:43,200
Ancient people became experts at
reading the subtle signs that 

375
00:19:43,200 --> 00:19:46,200
told them where they were in the
seasonal cycle, they need that 

376
00:19:46,200 --> 00:19:48,200
when oak leaves were the size of
Mouse ears. 

377
00:19:48,200 --> 00:19:52,300
It was time to plant corn. 
When the first Cricket started 

378
00:19:52,300 --> 00:19:56,000
chirping summer, was exactly six
weeks away when certain Birds 

379
00:19:56,000 --> 00:19:59,700
began their migration winter 
would arrive in precisely 43 

380
00:19:59,700 --> 00:20:02,400
days. 
Such knowledge wasn't folklore, 

381
00:20:02,400 --> 00:20:05,400
it was accumulated scientific 
observation passed down through 

382
00:20:05,400 --> 00:20:08,600
generations, the ancient 
Egyptians built their entire 

383
00:20:08,600 --> 00:20:11,200
civilization around the annual 
flooding of the Nile River. 

384
00:20:11,200 --> 00:20:14,300
They knew that when the star 
serious appeared Just Before 

385
00:20:14,300 --> 00:20:17,400
Dawn, the flood would begin in 
exactly 70 days. 

386
00:20:17,400 --> 00:20:21,000
They could predict the floods 
timing height duration and 

387
00:20:21,000 --> 00:20:24,100
receding time. 
This knowledge was so valuable 

388
00:20:24,100 --> 00:20:26,500
that the priests who made the 
calendar were among the most 

389
00:20:26,500 --> 00:20:28,300
powerful people in Egyptian 
Society. 

390
00:20:29,300 --> 00:20:31,900
Here's something. 
Fascinating ancient people 

391
00:20:31,900 --> 00:20:34,900
understood that the length of 
daylight changes throughout the 

392
00:20:34,900 --> 00:20:38,300
year, but they used this change.
As a precise timing mechanism, 

393
00:20:38,300 --> 00:20:41,600
they knew that on the summer. 
Solstice the day would be 

394
00:20:41,600 --> 00:20:46,000
exactly 40 hours and 52 minutes 
long at their latitude on the 

395
00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:49,700
winter solstice it would be 9 
hours and 8 minutes every day in

396
00:20:49,700 --> 00:20:52,600
between the length of daylight 
Changed by a predictable amount.

397
00:20:52,600 --> 00:20:55,900
They could tell you the exact 
date just by measuring how long 

398
00:20:55,900 --> 00:20:58,800
the sun was visible. 
The ancient Chinese developed 

399
00:20:58,800 --> 00:21:01,800
the most complex calendar 
system, in human history, they 

400
00:21:01,800 --> 00:21:06,100
combined solar observations 
lunar phases, and star positions

401
00:21:06,100 --> 00:21:08,800
into a calendar that tracked not
just days and years. 

402
00:21:08,800 --> 00:21:12,400
But also 60 year cycles and even
longer periods. 

403
00:21:12,400 --> 00:21:16,400
They believed that time moved in
nested Cycles days within months

404
00:21:16,400 --> 00:21:21,300
months within Years Years within
decades decades within centuries

405
00:21:21,300 --> 00:21:24,400
and so on. 
The calendar was so 

406
00:21:24,400 --> 00:21:27,100
sophisticated that it still used
today for determining 

407
00:21:27,100 --> 00:21:30,600
traditional Chinese holidays. 
Ancient people also understood 

408
00:21:30,600 --> 00:21:32,900
that different activities should
happen at different times of 

409
00:21:32,900 --> 00:21:35,100
year. 
The ancient Greeks knew that 

410
00:21:35,100 --> 00:21:38,500
certain crop should be planted 
when specific Stars appeared. 

411
00:21:38,500 --> 00:21:41,500
That wine should be made when 
the moon was in a particular 

412
00:21:41,500 --> 00:21:44,500
phase that important decision 
should be made During certain 

413
00:21:44,500 --> 00:21:47,200
seasons. 
They didn't just track time, 

414
00:21:47,200 --> 00:21:49,400
they used it to optimize their 
daily lives. 

415
00:21:49,400 --> 00:21:52,200
The ancient Mayans created a 
calendar system. 

416
00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:54,600
That was more accurate than 
anything Europeans had at the 

417
00:21:54,600 --> 00:22:01,000
time, they calculated that a 
year was 365.242 days long, 

418
00:22:01,000 --> 00:22:06,200
remarkably close to the modern 
measurement of 365.242 days. 

419
00:22:06,200 --> 00:22:09,500
They could predict a clip's 
hundreds of years in advance, 

420
00:22:09,500 --> 00:22:13,000
the new exactly when Venus would
appear as a morning star or 

421
00:22:13,000 --> 00:22:16,800
evening star. 
The calendar was so precise that

422
00:22:16,800 --> 00:22:19,500
it's off by only about one day, 
every 5,000 years. 

423
00:22:19,500 --> 00:22:23,400
What's remarkable is how they 
coordinated these complex Timing

424
00:22:23,400 --> 00:22:26,300
Systems across entire 
civilizations. 

425
00:22:27,500 --> 00:22:31,200
The ancient Romans had officials
called pontificis whose job was 

426
00:22:31,208 --> 00:22:33,600
to maintain the calendar and 
announce important dates. 

427
00:22:34,300 --> 00:22:36,900
They travel throughout the 
Empire ensuring that everyone 

428
00:22:36,900 --> 00:22:40,300
was celebrating festivals on the
same days and planting crops at 

429
00:22:40,300 --> 00:22:43,100
the optimal times. 
This required, incredible 

430
00:22:43,100 --> 00:22:47,400
organization, and communication 
across vast distances, ancient 

431
00:22:47,400 --> 00:22:50,800
people also, used recurring 
natural events as long-term 

432
00:22:50,800 --> 00:22:53,800
timing markers. 
They knew that Certain comets 

433
00:22:53,800 --> 00:22:57,100
appeared every 76 years. 
That particular meteor showers 

434
00:22:57,100 --> 00:23:00,300
happened annually on specific 
dates and that unusual weather 

435
00:23:00,300 --> 00:23:02,200
patterns followed predictable 
Cycles. 

436
00:23:02,200 --> 00:23:05,600
The ancient Babylonians kept 
detailed records of these 

437
00:23:05,600 --> 00:23:08,100
events. 
Creating databases that help 

438
00:23:08,100 --> 00:23:12,000
them predict future occurrences.
The ancient Indians develop the 

439
00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:15,900
concept of yugas vast cycles of 
time, that lasted thousands of 

440
00:23:15,900 --> 00:23:18,300
years. 
They believed that time moved in

441
00:23:18,300 --> 00:23:21,400
Greater books each with its 
characteristics and duration. 

442
00:23:22,300 --> 00:23:25,000
While such an approach might 
seem impractical, it actually 

443
00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:27,300
helped them, understand 
long-term climate patterns 

444
00:23:27,300 --> 00:23:30,100
population cycles and 
agricultural trends. 

445
00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:33,900
They were thinking about time on
scales that modern people rarely

446
00:23:33,900 --> 00:23:36,000
consider. 
Perhaps most importantly, 

447
00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:38,700
ancient people understood that 
time wasn't just about 

448
00:23:38,700 --> 00:23:42,500
scheduling, it was about meaning
They knew that certain times 

449
00:23:42,500 --> 00:23:45,400
were auspicious for beginning 
new projects that other times 

450
00:23:45,400 --> 00:23:48,100
were better for reflection and 
rest and that the timing of 

451
00:23:48,100 --> 00:23:49,800
events could influence their 
outcomes. 

452
00:23:49,800 --> 00:23:52,800
They lived in harmony with 
temporal rhythms that connected 

453
00:23:52,800 --> 00:23:56,100
their daily lives with the 
cosmos itself long before anyone

454
00:23:56,100 --> 00:23:59,200
understood circadian, rhythms, 
or hormone Cycles, your 

455
00:23:59,200 --> 00:24:01,000
ancestors knew something 
profound. 

456
00:24:01,000 --> 00:24:05,000
Your body is a living clock. 
They developed sophisticated 

457
00:24:05,000 --> 00:24:08,400
ways of reading, internal 
biological signals to track time

458
00:24:08,400 --> 00:24:11,500
and they understood that humans 
are naturally synchronized with 

459
00:24:11,500 --> 00:24:14,700
the rhythms of the Earth. 
Ancient people noticed that they

460
00:24:14,700 --> 00:24:17,000
naturally felt hungry at certain
times of day. 

461
00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:20,800
Grew sleepy at predictable 
intervals and experience to Peak

462
00:24:20,800 --> 00:24:24,600
energy at specific hours. 
They didn't just accept these 

463
00:24:24,600 --> 00:24:26,700
patterns, they used them as 
timing devices. 

464
00:24:28,000 --> 00:24:30,700
The ancient Romans divide their 
day around mealtimes. 

465
00:24:30,700 --> 00:24:33,400
Prima Hora was the first hour 
after Sunrise. 

466
00:24:33,400 --> 00:24:37,600
Sex tohora was Midday when they 
ate their main meal and Vsepr 

467
00:24:37,600 --> 00:24:39,400
was evening. 
When they had a light supper, 

468
00:24:40,300 --> 00:24:42,600
their entire schedule revolved 
around when their bodies 

469
00:24:42,600 --> 00:24:46,300
naturally wanted to eat. 
The ancient Chinese took this 

470
00:24:46,300 --> 00:24:49,000
idea even further. 
They believed that different 

471
00:24:49,000 --> 00:24:51,700
organs in the body had Peak 
energy at different times of 

472
00:24:51,700 --> 00:24:54,400
day. 
The liver was most active from 1

473
00:24:54,400 --> 00:24:59,000
a.m. to 3 a.m. the lungs from 3 
a.m. to 5 a.m. the large 

474
00:24:59,000 --> 00:25:03,300
intestine from 5 a.m. to 7 a.m. 
7 a.m. and so on. 

475
00:25:04,500 --> 00:25:07,500
They use this organ clock, not 
just for medical treatment but 

476
00:25:07,500 --> 00:25:10,500
also for daily scheduling, 
they'd plan different activities

477
00:25:10,500 --> 00:25:13,300
for times when the relevant 
organs were at Peak function. 

478
00:25:14,200 --> 00:25:17,000
Here's something that might 
surprise, you ancient people 

479
00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:19,800
were incredibly skilled at 
estimating times through 

480
00:25:19,800 --> 00:25:22,600
physical activities. 
They knew that it took exactly 

481
00:25:22,600 --> 00:25:25,300
the same amount of time to walk 
from their home, to the well, 

482
00:25:25,300 --> 00:25:29,200
each morning to milk a cow or to
prepare a simple meal, they 

483
00:25:29,200 --> 00:25:31,500
turned routine activities into 
timing devices. 

484
00:25:31,500 --> 00:25:35,200
A weaver might know that it took
exactly two hours to complete 

485
00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:38,700
certain pattern or a blacksmith 
might time his work by how long 

486
00:25:38,700 --> 00:25:40,400
it took to forge a particular 
tool. 

487
00:25:41,400 --> 00:25:44,000
Ancient people also understood 
that children's bodies, change 

488
00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:47,100
at predictable rates and they 
use this information as a 

489
00:25:47,100 --> 00:25:50,200
long-term Timing System. 
They knew that a child's first 

490
00:25:50,200 --> 00:25:51,900
tooth would appear at about six 
months. 

491
00:25:52,900 --> 00:25:55,300
They'd start walking around 
their first birthday and that 

492
00:25:55,300 --> 00:25:57,600
they'd reached certain 
developmental milestones at 

493
00:25:57,600 --> 00:26:01,000
specific ages. 
Parents could estimate a child's

494
00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:02,900
age even without formal birth 
records. 

495
00:26:02,900 --> 00:26:06,100
By observing these natural 
developmental markers the 

496
00:26:06,100 --> 00:26:08,600
ancient Egyptians noticed that 
pregnant women experience, 

497
00:26:08,600 --> 00:26:11,200
predictable changes at specific 
intervals. 

498
00:26:11,200 --> 00:26:14,500
They could determine how far 
along a pregnancy was by 

499
00:26:14,500 --> 00:26:18,200
observing certain physical signs
and they knew that Labour would 

500
00:26:18,200 --> 00:26:20,700
begin when the woman's body 
showed particular signals 

501
00:26:20,700 --> 00:26:23,200
midwives became skilled at 
reading. 

502
00:26:23,200 --> 00:26:26,100
These biological clocks to 
predict exactly when births 

503
00:26:26,100 --> 00:26:28,000
would occur. 
Ancient people were also 

504
00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:31,300
fascinated by the connection 
between human rhythms and lunar 

505
00:26:31,300 --> 00:26:33,700
cycles. 
They observed that women's 

506
00:26:33,700 --> 00:26:36,300
menstrual cycles often 
synchronized with the moon's 

507
00:26:36,300 --> 00:26:39,500
phases and they used this 
connection for both time-keeping

508
00:26:39,500 --> 00:26:42,000
and health monitoring. 
They noticed that many people 

509
00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:45,200
slept differently during full 
moons, that certain illnesses 

510
00:26:45,200 --> 00:26:48,300
followed Luna patterns and that 
emotional states seem to 

511
00:26:48,300 --> 00:26:51,900
fluctuate with the moon's 
position Here's what's really 

512
00:26:51,900 --> 00:26:55,100
interesting, ancient people 
understood that the aging 

513
00:26:55,100 --> 00:26:57,500
process itself was a kind of 
slow clock. 

514
00:26:57,500 --> 00:27:01,000
They could estimate someone's 
age by observing subtle changes 

515
00:27:01,000 --> 00:27:05,300
in skin texture, hair color, 
posture and movement patterns. 

516
00:27:06,300 --> 00:27:08,300
Experienced Elders. 
Could look at a person and tell 

517
00:27:08,300 --> 00:27:11,500
you, not just their approximate 
age, but also what season they 

518
00:27:11,500 --> 00:27:14,900
were born in, what kind of work 
they did and even what foods 

519
00:27:14,900 --> 00:27:18,600
they typically ate The ancient 
Indians develop detailed 

520
00:27:18,600 --> 00:27:21,000
knowledge about how the body's 
energy levels change throughout 

521
00:27:21,000 --> 00:27:24,800
the day. they identified 
specific times when people were 

522
00:27:24,800 --> 00:27:28,100
naturally, more alert, more 
creative or more physically 

523
00:27:28,100 --> 00:27:31,300
capable, they scheduled 
important activities during 

524
00:27:31,300 --> 00:27:34,600
these Peak periods and reserved 
rest times for when the body 

525
00:27:34,600 --> 00:27:38,500
naturally wanted to slow down, 
This wasn't just practical. 

526
00:27:38,500 --> 00:27:41,600
It was a sophisticated 
understanding of human biology. 

527
00:27:42,600 --> 00:27:45,700
Ancient people also use sleep 
patterns as timing devices. 

528
00:27:46,600 --> 00:27:48,600
They knew that healthy people 
naturally went through 

529
00:27:48,600 --> 00:27:51,800
predictable sleep cycles and 
they could estimate how long 

530
00:27:51,800 --> 00:27:53,900
someone had been asleep by 
observing their breathing 

531
00:27:53,900 --> 00:27:56,700
patterns body position and eye 
movements. 

532
00:27:57,500 --> 00:27:59,300
They didn't understand, REM 
sleep, significantly. 

533
00:27:59,300 --> 00:28:01,900
The new when someone was 
dreaming, and when they were in 

534
00:28:01,900 --> 00:28:06,000
deep sleep, The ancient Greeks 
noticed that people's body 

535
00:28:06,000 --> 00:28:07,800
temperatures change throughout 
the day. 

536
00:28:07,800 --> 00:28:11,700
In predictable patterns, they 
could tell what time it was by 

537
00:28:11,700 --> 00:28:14,600
feeling someone's forehead, or 
observing, whether they seemed 

538
00:28:14,600 --> 00:28:17,800
naturally, warm or cool. 
They understood that these 

539
00:28:17,800 --> 00:28:20,100
temperature changes were 
connected to energy levels, 

540
00:28:20,100 --> 00:28:24,700
hunger and sleep patterns. 
Ancient people were also skilled

541
00:28:24,700 --> 00:28:27,500
at reading the subtle signs that
indicated, someone's overall 

542
00:28:27,500 --> 00:28:31,200
health and vitality. 
The new certain physical changes

543
00:28:31,200 --> 00:28:33,500
meant. 
Someone was getting sick that 

544
00:28:33,500 --> 00:28:35,300
other changes indicated 
recovery. 

545
00:28:35,300 --> 00:28:38,300
And that some patterns showed 
long-term Health Trends. 

546
00:28:38,300 --> 00:28:41,700
They essentially use the human 
body as a diagnostic instrument 

547
00:28:41,700 --> 00:28:44,700
that could reveal information 
about both time and health. 

548
00:28:45,600 --> 00:28:48,200
What's remarkable is? 
How accurately ancient people 

549
00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:50,900
could estimate time using only 
their bodies and natural 

550
00:28:50,900 --> 00:28:54,100
observations? 
modern studies show that people 

551
00:28:54,100 --> 00:28:57,700
who live without clocks, often 
develop, incredibly precise 

552
00:28:57,700 --> 00:29:02,000
internal timing they can wake up
at specific times know when to 

553
00:29:02,008 --> 00:29:05,200
eat and coordinate complex 
activities using only their 

554
00:29:05,200 --> 00:29:08,800
internal biological rhythms, as 
you settle into sleep tonight, 

555
00:29:08,800 --> 00:29:12,200
your participating in the same 
daily Rhythm that guided humans 

556
00:29:12,200 --> 00:29:15,100
for thousands of years before, 
electric light and digital 

557
00:29:15,100 --> 00:29:18,800
clocks changed everything Your 
ancestors weren't just getting 

558
00:29:18,800 --> 00:29:20,300
by. 
Without modern time keeping, 

559
00:29:20,300 --> 00:29:23,300
they were living in harmony with
natural rhythms, that connected 

560
00:29:23,300 --> 00:29:26,800
them to the Earth, the sky and 
their own bodies in ways that 

561
00:29:26,800 --> 00:29:30,400
modern people can barely imagine
The ancient timekeepers 

562
00:29:30,400 --> 00:29:33,800
understood something profound 
time isn't just about 

563
00:29:33,800 --> 00:29:36,700
measurement. 
It's about meaning Rhythm and 

564
00:29:36,700 --> 00:29:39,300
connection. 
They didn't just track hours and

565
00:29:39,300 --> 00:29:42,400
minutes, they lived within the 
great cycles of day and night 

566
00:29:42,400 --> 00:29:45,800
seasons and years and birth and 
death. 

567
00:29:46,700 --> 00:29:49,400
The timekeeping systems weren't 
just practical tools. 

568
00:29:49,400 --> 00:29:52,200
They were ways of understanding 
their place in the universe. 

569
00:29:52,900 --> 00:29:55,200
Think about how different their 
relationship with time. 

570
00:29:55,200 --> 00:29:57,900
Must have been they couldn't 
rush through their days, 

571
00:29:57,900 --> 00:29:59,300
checking phones, every few 
minutes. 

572
00:29:59,300 --> 00:30:02,400
They couldn't stay up all night 
working under artificial lights.

573
00:30:02,400 --> 00:30:05,100
They couldn't schedule 
back-to-back meetings, or eat 

574
00:30:05,100 --> 00:30:08,100
lunch at their desks. 
Instead they lived according to 

575
00:30:08,108 --> 00:30:10,500
Natural rhythms that their 
bodies understood instinctively 

576
00:30:12,100 --> 00:30:15,300
The ancient Egyptians had a 
beautiful concept called Mart, 

577
00:30:15,300 --> 00:30:18,000
which meant living in harmony 
with the natural order of 

578
00:30:18,000 --> 00:30:20,400
things. 
This included, living in harmony

579
00:30:20,400 --> 00:30:24,100
with natural time waking with 
the sun, eating, when hungry 

580
00:30:24,100 --> 00:30:27,800
working, when energy was high 
and resting when the body needed

581
00:30:27,800 --> 00:30:31,200
rest, They believed that 
fighting against Natural rhythms

582
00:30:31,200 --> 00:30:34,700
was not just in practical, but 
actually harmful to physical and

583
00:30:34,700 --> 00:30:37,900
spiritual health. 
Ancient people also understood 

584
00:30:37,900 --> 00:30:40,600
that different types of time 
required different approaches. 

585
00:30:40,600 --> 00:30:44,700
They had practical time for 
daily activities, seasonal time 

586
00:30:44,700 --> 00:30:47,900
for agricultural planning 
ceremonial time, for religious 

587
00:30:47,900 --> 00:30:51,400
observances and sacred time for 
connecting with the Divine. 

588
00:30:51,400 --> 00:30:54,700
They didn't expect one system to
handle all these different 

589
00:30:54,700 --> 00:30:56,800
needs. 
They developed multiple 

590
00:30:56,800 --> 00:30:59,100
overlapping ways of 
understanding and measuring 

591
00:30:59,100 --> 00:31:01,900
time. 
Here's something that might make

592
00:31:01,900 --> 00:31:04,300
you smile. 
Ancient people were probably 

593
00:31:04,300 --> 00:31:06,400
less stressed about time than we
are today. 

594
00:31:07,100 --> 00:31:09,600
They couldn't be precisely 
punctual in the modern sense. 

595
00:31:09,600 --> 00:31:13,100
So they developed social Customs
that accommodated natural 

596
00:31:13,100 --> 00:31:16,400
variations in timing. 
If you arrange to meet someone, 

597
00:31:16,400 --> 00:31:19,600
when the sun is halfway to its 
highest point, everyone 

598
00:31:19,600 --> 00:31:22,800
understood that this might vary 
by 10 or 15 minutes depending on

599
00:31:22,800 --> 00:31:26,000
the season and weather. 
Flexibility was built into their

600
00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:28,900
social systems. 
The ancient Chinese had a saying

601
00:31:28,900 --> 00:31:31,700
the best time to plant a tree 
was 20 years ago. 

602
00:31:31,700 --> 00:31:36,300
The second best time is now they
understood that time wasn't just

603
00:31:36,300 --> 00:31:39,500
about scheduling, it was about 
understanding the right moment 

604
00:31:39,500 --> 00:31:42,400
for different activities, they 
developed sophisticated 

605
00:31:42,400 --> 00:31:45,100
knowledge about timing, that 
went Far Beyond, Simple 

606
00:31:45,100 --> 00:31:48,700
measurement to include wisdom 
about when to act, when to wait 

607
00:31:48,700 --> 00:31:51,700
and when to rest, Ancient 
timekeepers. 

608
00:31:51,700 --> 00:31:54,000
Also understood something that 
modern people often. 

609
00:31:54,000 --> 00:31:57,900
Forget time is Sickle not 
linear. 

610
00:31:58,700 --> 00:32:01,700
Days. 
Repeat Seasons return and 

611
00:32:01,700 --> 00:32:05,200
patterns recur. 
They didn't think of time as a 

612
00:32:05,200 --> 00:32:07,300
straight line moving from past 
to future. 

613
00:32:07,300 --> 00:32:11,200
But as a spiral where similar 
events happened repeatedly, but 

614
00:32:11,200 --> 00:32:12,900
never exactly the same way 
twice. 

615
00:32:13,800 --> 00:32:16,800
This gave them a sense of 
continuity and connection, that 

616
00:32:16,800 --> 00:32:18,400
helped them navigate 
uncertainty. 

617
00:32:19,300 --> 00:32:22,200
What's most remarkable is how 
much ancient people could 

618
00:32:22,200 --> 00:32:24,800
accomplish using only natural 
time keeping methods. 

619
00:32:24,800 --> 00:32:27,600
They built magnificent 
structures aligned with 

620
00:32:27,608 --> 00:32:31,300
celestial events, coordinated 
complex civilizations, across 

621
00:32:31,300 --> 00:32:34,500
vast distances, and maintained, 
accurate calendars for 

622
00:32:34,500 --> 00:32:37,100
centuries. 
They did all this without any 

623
00:32:37,100 --> 00:32:40,000
mechanical devices. 
Using only careful observation 

624
00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:43,400
accumulated knowledge and deep 
understanding of natural 

625
00:32:43,400 --> 00:32:46,300
patterns. 
The ancient timekeepers left us 

626
00:32:46,300 --> 00:32:48,300
more than just historical 
Curiosities. 

627
00:32:48,300 --> 00:32:51,200
They left us a different way of 
thinking about time. 

628
00:32:51,200 --> 00:32:54,100
One that's more natural, more 
connected and perhaps more 

629
00:32:54,100 --> 00:32:57,600
human, they remind us that time 
isn't just about productivity 

630
00:32:57,600 --> 00:33:00,800
and efficiency. 
It's about Rhythm meaning and 

631
00:33:00,800 --> 00:33:02,800
living in harmony with the world
around us. 

632
00:33:03,700 --> 00:33:06,900
As you close your eyes to night 
your following a pattern that 

633
00:33:06,900 --> 00:33:09,400
connects you to, every human who
has ever lived. 

634
00:33:10,200 --> 00:33:13,400
Your body knows it's time to 
sleep just as it has always 

635
00:33:13,400 --> 00:33:17,400
known your internal clock 
refined over thousands of years 

636
00:33:17,400 --> 00:33:20,000
of evolution is still keeping 
perfect time. 

637
00:33:20,900 --> 00:33:23,300
In a world of digital displays 
and constant connectivity. 

638
00:33:23,300 --> 00:33:27,100
You still carry within you the 
ancient wisdom of natural time. 

639
00:33:27,100 --> 00:33:30,700
Keeping the next time you wake 
up naturally, just as the first 

640
00:33:30,700 --> 00:33:33,400
light appears, remember that 
your experiencing something 

641
00:33:33,400 --> 00:33:35,900
Timeless. 
You're participating in the same

642
00:33:35,900 --> 00:33:38,800
daily miracle that guided your 
ancestors for Millennia. 

643
00:33:38,800 --> 00:33:42,100
Your proof that even in our 
modern world, the ancient 

644
00:33:42,100 --> 00:33:45,400
rhythms still pulse within us, 
connecting us to the Eternal 

645
00:33:45,400 --> 00:33:50,300
dance of Earth and Sky day and 
night, rest, and waking sleep. 

646
00:33:50,300 --> 00:33:53,300
Well, knowing that your body's 
own ancient clock. 

647
00:33:53,300 --> 00:33:56,600
Will wake you exactly when you 
need to wait, just as it always 

648
00:33:56,600 --> 00:34:07,900
has. 
Margaret Holloway had always 

649
00:34:07,900 --> 00:34:10,699
prided herself on being the sort
of person who read instruction 

650
00:34:10,699 --> 00:34:13,300
manuals. 
Particularly for toasters her 

651
00:34:13,300 --> 00:34:16,199
insurance company continued to 
mention the incident from 19 

652
00:34:16,199 --> 00:34:18,400
years ago in hushed, traumatized
Tone's. 

653
00:34:18,400 --> 00:34:21,600
So, when she inherited her, 
great aunt, Millicent's peculiar

654
00:34:21,600 --> 00:34:24,600
collection of antiques, 
including what appeared to be a 

655
00:34:24,600 --> 00:34:26,600
medieval. 
Astro lab made of suspiciously 

656
00:34:26,600 --> 00:34:28,800
modern materials. 
She naturally assumed there 

657
00:34:28,800 --> 00:34:31,000
would be documentation there. 
Wasnt. 

658
00:34:31,900 --> 00:34:34,500
What there was tucked behind the
device like a guilty. 

659
00:34:34,500 --> 00:34:38,000
Afterthought was a Post-It. 
Note reading, don't touch the 

660
00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:39,699
blue bits when Mercury is in 
retrograde. 

661
00:34:40,800 --> 00:34:42,800
M. 
Margaret. 

662
00:34:42,800 --> 00:34:46,000
Who possessed both a masters 
degree in library science and a 

663
00:34:46,000 --> 00:34:48,900
healthy skepticism toward 
astrological nonsense promptly 

664
00:34:48,900 --> 00:34:51,400
touched the blue bits. 
It was Tuesday morning. 

665
00:34:51,400 --> 00:34:54,300
She had already dealt with three
passive, aggressive emails from 

666
00:34:54,300 --> 00:34:57,700
her supervisor and Mercury. 
Could frankly retrograde itself 

667
00:34:57,700 --> 00:35:01,900
into the Sun, for all she cared,
The astrolabe hummed, this was 

668
00:35:01,900 --> 00:35:03,300
Margaret's first indication 
that. 

669
00:35:03,300 --> 00:35:05,700
Perhaps great aren't Millicent. 
Had been more eccentric than 

670
00:35:05,700 --> 00:35:08,800
previously documented. 
The second indication, was the 

671
00:35:08,800 --> 00:35:12,100
way her kitchen began folding 
itself, inside out, like origami

672
00:35:12,100 --> 00:35:15,400
designed by a mathematician, 
having an existential crisis, 

673
00:35:15,400 --> 00:35:19,100
oh, bollocks, and Margaret and 
said, which were destined to be 

674
00:35:19,100 --> 00:35:21,800
the last word spoken in her 
ranch style home in Suburban, 

675
00:35:21,800 --> 00:35:24,100
Ohio for approximately 700 
years. 

676
00:35:24,100 --> 00:35:28,300
The world transformed into a 
pretzel, infused with Cosmic 

677
00:35:28,300 --> 00:35:31,900
salt and offered itself to the 
universe accompanied by temporal

678
00:35:31,900 --> 00:35:35,200
displacement. 
Margaret found herself lying 

679
00:35:35,200 --> 00:35:38,100
face down in what smelled 
suspiciously like a combination 

680
00:35:38,100 --> 00:35:41,100
of horses unwashed, humans and 
regret. 

681
00:35:42,000 --> 00:35:44,400
When she lifted her head, she 
discovered, she was wearing a 

682
00:35:44,400 --> 00:35:46,300
brown woman dressed that itched 
in places. 

683
00:35:46,300 --> 00:35:48,800
She didn't know could itch and 
her sensible. 

684
00:35:48,800 --> 00:35:50,500
Flats have been replaced by 
leather. 

685
00:35:50,500 --> 00:35:53,000
Things that appeared to have 
been crafted by someone who had 

686
00:35:53,000 --> 00:35:55,200
only heard Footwear described 
second hand. 

687
00:35:56,100 --> 00:35:59,400
Around her, a medieval village 
conducted its morning, business 

688
00:35:59,400 --> 00:36:02,300
with the sort of casual chaos 
that suggested this was 

689
00:36:02,300 --> 00:36:04,000
perfectly normal Tuesday 
Behavior. 

690
00:36:04,700 --> 00:36:07,500
A man chased a pig while 
shouting what Margaret assumed 

691
00:36:07,500 --> 00:36:11,000
were Medieval profanities. 
A woman emptied, a chamber pot 

692
00:36:11,000 --> 00:36:12,900
from a second story window with 
the practice. 

693
00:36:12,900 --> 00:36:14,900
Aim of someone who had clearly 
done this before. 

694
00:36:15,900 --> 00:36:17,700
Children played in the dirt with
sticks. 

695
00:36:17,700 --> 00:36:20,100
Apparently. 
Finding the activity, the height

696
00:36:20,100 --> 00:36:24,100
of entertainment Margaret, sat 
up slowly her librarian, 

697
00:36:24,100 --> 00:36:26,600
instincts immediately, 
cataloging the historical, 

698
00:36:26,600 --> 00:36:29,700
inconsistencies, the 
architecture was wrong for any 

699
00:36:29,700 --> 00:36:33,000
specific period. 
She could identify Clothing was 

700
00:36:33,000 --> 00:36:35,700
a mixed of style spanning 
roughly three centuries. 

701
00:36:35,700 --> 00:36:38,800
Was the man over there. 
Wearing what appeared to be a 

702
00:36:38,800 --> 00:36:41,800
digital watch? 
Is this your first time asked 

703
00:36:41,800 --> 00:36:44,400
her voice behind her Margaret 
turned to find a woman in her 

704
00:36:44,400 --> 00:36:46,400
50s. 
Wearing robes that managed to 

705
00:36:46,400 --> 00:36:49,300
look both authentically medieval
and suspiciously. 

706
00:36:49,300 --> 00:36:52,900
Well tailored, a smile was 
knowing and her teeth were far 

707
00:36:52,900 --> 00:36:56,700
too straight for someone living 
in the pre-deal dental era. may 

708
00:36:56,700 --> 00:36:59,600
I ask your, pardon Margaret 
asked, Margaret asked, then 

709
00:36:59,600 --> 00:37:03,000
immediately regretted it in her 
experience, begging anyone's, 

710
00:37:03,000 --> 00:37:06,200
pardon, in an unfamiliar 
situation, typically led to 

711
00:37:06,200 --> 00:37:10,200
complications Time travel the 
woman clarified as if the 

712
00:37:10,200 --> 00:37:12,100
solution were obvious, you've 
got that. 

713
00:37:12,100 --> 00:37:15,400
Look, you've recently realized 
that physics is more of a 

714
00:37:15,408 --> 00:37:19,500
suggestion than a law. 
I'm sister Agatha formerly to 

715
00:37:19,500 --> 00:37:23,900
Agnes Whitmore of the Cambridge 
medieval history department and 

716
00:37:23,900 --> 00:37:26,600
you're clearly, not from around 
here, temporarily speaking. 

717
00:37:27,600 --> 00:37:30,000
Margaret stared. 
This is impossible. 

718
00:37:31,100 --> 00:37:36,100
Oh honey, sister Agatha laughed,
a sound that carried distinct 

719
00:37:36,100 --> 00:37:38,900
notes of Hysteria carefully 
controlled through years of 

720
00:37:38,900 --> 00:37:41,600
practice. 
Impossible was last Tuesday. 

721
00:37:41,600 --> 00:37:45,100
This is just inconvenient. 
Come on, let's get you oriented 

722
00:37:45,100 --> 00:37:46,600
before the anachronism. 
Please show up. 

723
00:37:47,800 --> 00:37:51,200
The, what now? 
But sister Agatha was already 

724
00:37:51,200 --> 00:37:54,200
walking away Heroes. 
Wishing with the authority of 

725
00:37:54,200 --> 00:37:56,800
someone who had learned to 
navigate, both medieval politics

726
00:37:56,800 --> 00:38:01,200
and University bureaucracy. 
Margaret scrambled to follow her

727
00:38:01,200 --> 00:38:03,100
new shoes. 
Making sounds like frustrated 

728
00:38:03,100 --> 00:38:06,300
cats on the cobblestones as they
walk through the village, 

729
00:38:06,300 --> 00:38:10,200
Margaret noticed more 
inconsistencies, a blacksmith 

730
00:38:10,200 --> 00:38:12,800
hammered, what looks 
suspiciously like a smartphone 

731
00:38:12,800 --> 00:38:15,400
case. 
A merchant sold authentic 

732
00:38:15,400 --> 00:38:18,500
medieval remedies from bottles 
that clearly bore, modern 

733
00:38:18,500 --> 00:38:21,500
safety, seals. 
And everywhere people moved with

734
00:38:21,500 --> 00:38:24,500
a particular sort of resigned 
efficiency that Margaret 

735
00:38:24,500 --> 00:38:26,200
recognized from her office 
environment. 

736
00:38:26,200 --> 00:38:29,000
Right? 
Sister Agatha, said, stopping 

737
00:38:29,000 --> 00:38:32,500
outside what appeared to be a 
Tavern with a sign, reading the 

738
00:38:32,500 --> 00:38:36,500
temporal refugee. 
Here's the situation, welcome to

739
00:38:36,500 --> 00:38:39,700
Kronos Commons, The Accidental 
Dumping Ground for temple, 

740
00:38:39,700 --> 00:38:43,000
tourists, displaced individuals,
and the generally temporary 

741
00:38:43,000 --> 00:38:46,600
confused. 
We've got Romans victorians a 

742
00:38:46,600 --> 00:38:50,200
perplexed gentleman from 1623 
who keeps asking about the 

743
00:38:50,200 --> 00:38:51,600
location of the nearest 
Starbuck's. 

744
00:38:51,600 --> 00:38:54,300
And last week, we acquired, a 
flapper from the 20s who was 

745
00:38:54,300 --> 00:38:58,800
already revolutionized our 
cocktail menu Margaret felta, 

746
00:38:58,800 --> 00:39:01,500
familiar Sensation, that she 
usually associated with faculty 

747
00:39:01,500 --> 00:39:04,900
meetings, the gradual 
realization that she was trapped

748
00:39:04,900 --> 00:39:08,100
in something that made no sense.
But with somehow become her 

749
00:39:08,100 --> 00:39:10,400
responsibility, how do I get 
home? 

750
00:39:10,400 --> 00:39:15,200
She asked Sister smiled took on 
the sort of kindness typically 

751
00:39:15,200 --> 00:39:17,100
reserved for delivering 
catastrophic news. 

752
00:39:17,100 --> 00:39:19,400
Well that's the question isn't 
it? 

753
00:39:19,400 --> 00:39:23,000
Some people figure it out, 
others don't but the good news 

754
00:39:23,000 --> 00:39:25,900
is we've developed quite a nice 
little Community here. 

755
00:39:25,900 --> 00:39:29,600
We've got running water, thanks 
to a Roman engineer, decent 

756
00:39:29,600 --> 00:39:32,900
food, courtesy of a Victorian 
chef and surprisingly 

757
00:39:32,900 --> 00:39:35,400
Progressive social policies 
implemented by a group of 

758
00:39:35,400 --> 00:39:37,000
suffragettes who arrived last 
spring. 

759
00:39:38,200 --> 00:39:40,300
Margaret looked around at the 
village with new eyes. 

760
00:39:40,300 --> 00:39:43,700
It wasn't medieval at all she 
realized It was something 

761
00:39:43,700 --> 00:39:48,000
entirely new a place where time 
had hiccuped collected, its 

762
00:39:48,000 --> 00:39:50,500
mistakes and decided to make the
best of things. 

763
00:39:51,400 --> 00:39:52,900
How long have you been here? 
She asked. 

764
00:39:53,800 --> 00:39:58,100
Five years is a subjective time.
It could be five minutes or five

765
00:39:58,100 --> 00:40:01,100
decades in the real world times.
A bit wobbly here. 

766
00:40:02,000 --> 00:40:05,000
Sister Agatha Shrugged, but I've
got to say the research 

767
00:40:05,000 --> 00:40:08,100
opportunities are unparalleled. 
Where else can you get primary 

768
00:40:08,100 --> 00:40:10,300
source material from actual 
primary sources? 

769
00:40:10,300 --> 00:40:13,700
Margaret felt his self beginning
to panic which was unfortunate 

770
00:40:13,700 --> 00:40:16,100
because Panic had never been 
particularly useful in her 

771
00:40:16,100 --> 00:40:18,300
experience. 
But I have a job. 

772
00:40:18,300 --> 00:40:21,100
I have a mortgage. 
I have a cat had sister 

773
00:40:21,100 --> 00:40:24,300
corrected. 
Gently past tense is crucial 

774
00:40:24,300 --> 00:40:26,700
when you're dealing with 
temporal displacement but look 

775
00:40:26,700 --> 00:40:29,200
on the bright side, no more 
mortgage payments. 

776
00:40:29,200 --> 00:40:32,400
The temporal Refugee turned out 
to be precisely what it sounded 

777
00:40:32,400 --> 00:40:35,900
like a Tavern for people who had
accidentally fallen through the 

778
00:40:35,900 --> 00:40:39,300
cracks in time and were making 
the best of it with varying 

779
00:40:39,300 --> 00:40:42,200
degrees of success. 
The proprietor was a cheerful 

780
00:40:42,200 --> 00:40:46,700
woman named Gladys who claimed 
to be from 1943 and had arrived 

781
00:40:46,700 --> 00:40:48,800
during the blitz expecting to 
find an air raid shelter. 

782
00:40:49,900 --> 00:40:53,500
Instead she'd found herself The 
Accidental mayor of history's. 

783
00:40:53,500 --> 00:40:57,900
Most confused municipality. 
New arrival, Gladys announced a 

784
00:40:57,900 --> 00:40:59,600
sister Agatha LED Margaret 
through the door. 

785
00:41:00,300 --> 00:41:03,300
Welcome to the club that no one 
desired to join yet. 

786
00:41:03,300 --> 00:41:07,400
Everyone inextricably finds 
themselves a part of First drink

787
00:41:07,400 --> 00:41:10,100
is free. 
The second is on credit and the 

788
00:41:10,108 --> 00:41:12,800
third is your responsibility, 
because you should know our 

789
00:41:12,800 --> 00:41:16,800
economy by then, the taverns 
interior was a fascinating 

790
00:41:16,800 --> 00:41:18,300
Collision of architectural 
periods. 

791
00:41:19,200 --> 00:41:21,900
Tudor beams supported, what 
appeared to be Art Deco, light 

792
00:41:21,900 --> 00:41:25,500
fixtures, while Roman mosaics 
decorated floors laid with 

793
00:41:25,500 --> 00:41:28,300
Victorian tiles. 
The overall effect was like 

794
00:41:28,300 --> 00:41:30,500
walking into time and having an 
identity crisis. 

795
00:41:31,600 --> 00:41:34,100
That a corner table a man in 
what looked like 18th century 

796
00:41:34,100 --> 00:41:36,600
clothing was engaged. 
In animated conversational with 

797
00:41:36,600 --> 00:41:41,000
a woman, wearing a 1960s, mod 
dress, and a Roman Centurion who

798
00:41:41,000 --> 00:41:45,500
had apparently decided to keep 
his armor, but updated their 

799
00:41:45,500 --> 00:41:47,800
discussion appeared to center 
around the best methods for 

800
00:41:47,800 --> 00:41:49,200
organizing a democratic 
government. 

801
00:41:49,200 --> 00:41:53,000
When your citizenry spammed 
roughly 2000 years of political 

802
00:41:53,000 --> 00:41:57,000
evolution, That's our steering 
committee, sister Agatha. 

803
00:41:57,000 --> 00:42:00,300
The theme explained, we found 
that representative democracy 

804
00:42:00,300 --> 00:42:02,800
works surprisingly. 
Well, when everyone's equally 

805
00:42:02,800 --> 00:42:06,700
confused about the present 
situation Thomas, who hails from

806
00:42:06,700 --> 00:42:10,400
the year, 1776 arrived shortly 
after signing a document, he 

807
00:42:10,400 --> 00:42:13,300
describes as terribly important 
which is why he has strong 

808
00:42:13,300 --> 00:42:17,700
opinions about governance 
Veronica, who is from 1967 holds

809
00:42:17,700 --> 00:42:21,200
strong opinions on a wide range 
of topics Marcus, has strong 

810
00:42:21,200 --> 00:42:23,800
opinions, about military 
organization, primarily 

811
00:42:23,800 --> 00:42:26,100
suggesting that all disputes 
should be settled through 

812
00:42:26,100 --> 00:42:29,100
combat. 
Margaret accepted a drink from 

813
00:42:29,100 --> 00:42:31,800
Gladys that tasted like, it had 
been invented by someone who 

814
00:42:31,800 --> 00:42:35,500
remembered alcohol, fondly, but 
had to work with medieval and 

815
00:42:35,500 --> 00:42:37,700
gradients. 
Although it wasn't entirely 

816
00:42:37,700 --> 00:42:40,900
unpleasant, the drink felt like 
a metaphor for her entire 

817
00:42:40,900 --> 00:42:44,400
situation. 
So, how does this work Margaret 

818
00:42:44,400 --> 00:42:46,100
asked? 
The day-to-day. 

819
00:42:46,100 --> 00:42:48,800
I mean you can't all just sit 
around drinking and forming 

820
00:42:48,800 --> 00:42:50,700
committees. 
Oh, heavens. 

821
00:42:50,700 --> 00:42:53,900
No Gladys laughed. 
We've got quite the economy 

822
00:42:53,900 --> 00:42:55,700
going. 
It turns out when you put 

823
00:42:55,700 --> 00:42:58,400
together people from different 
times you get a lot of useful 

824
00:42:58,400 --> 00:43:01,000
knowledge exchange. 
Markus taught us Roman 

825
00:43:01,000 --> 00:43:04,400
construction technique which the
Victorian engineer improved with

826
00:43:04,400 --> 00:43:08,000
modern Material Science, which 
Thomas enhance with Democratic 

827
00:43:08,000 --> 00:43:11,400
labor practices, which Veronica,
revolutionized with modern 

828
00:43:11,400 --> 00:43:14,700
efficiency methods. 
She gestured toward the window, 

829
00:43:14,700 --> 00:43:17,600
where Margaret could see people 
working on what appeared to be a

830
00:43:17,600 --> 00:43:20,200
construction project involving 
both medieval stonework and 

831
00:43:20,200 --> 00:43:22,600
suspiciously modern looking 
Plumbing. 

832
00:43:23,500 --> 00:43:25,200
We're building a proper Town 
Hall. 

833
00:43:25,200 --> 00:43:28,700
Sister, Agatha explained 
complete with meeting rooms a 

834
00:43:28,700 --> 00:43:31,300
library and what Veronica 
insists on calling a social 

835
00:43:31,300 --> 00:43:34,000
services department. 
Apparently, temporal 

836
00:43:34,000 --> 00:43:37,200
displacement comes with its own 
unique set of bureaucratic 

837
00:43:37,200 --> 00:43:39,800
needs. 
But surely someone's trying to 

838
00:43:39,800 --> 00:43:42,700
get home. 
Margaret asked The Taven went 

839
00:43:42,700 --> 00:43:45,500
quiet in a way that suggested 
she touched on a sensitive 

840
00:43:45,500 --> 00:43:48,300
subject. 
Gladis polished a glass with 

841
00:43:48,300 --> 00:43:51,800
unnecessary intensity, while 
sister Agatha developed a sudden

842
00:43:51,800 --> 00:43:53,500
interest in the pattern of the 
tablecloth. 

843
00:43:54,300 --> 00:43:57,400
Well, Thomas said from the 
corner table, his colonial 

844
00:43:57,400 --> 00:43:59,900
American accent carrying clearly
across the room. 

845
00:43:59,900 --> 00:44:02,000
That's rather the central 
question, isn't it? 

846
00:44:02,000 --> 00:44:04,800
Some folks spend all their time 
trying to figure out the way 

847
00:44:04,800 --> 00:44:06,800
back. 
Others come to the conclusion 

848
00:44:06,800 --> 00:44:09,100
that staying in. 
The present isn't necessarily A 

849
00:44:09,100 --> 00:44:11,700
Bad Thing and some he Trails 
off. 

850
00:44:11,700 --> 00:44:15,600
Sum Margaret prompted. 
Some discover that home isn't 

851
00:44:15,600 --> 00:44:17,300
quite what they remembered 
Veronica. 

852
00:44:17,300 --> 00:44:20,700
Finished her London accent, 
Chris, despite the anachronistic

853
00:44:20,700 --> 00:44:23,500
setting. 
Turns out when you've been gone 

854
00:44:23,500 --> 00:44:26,500
for subjective years, certain 
assumptions about what you want 

855
00:44:26,500 --> 00:44:28,400
to return to start looking 
rather questionable. 

856
00:44:29,100 --> 00:44:31,500
Marcus, the Roman Centurion 
nodded Gravely. 

857
00:44:31,500 --> 00:44:35,500
I was fleeing when I arrived 
here, the situation, which 

858
00:44:35,500 --> 00:44:38,200
involved a superior officer's 
wife and a misunderstanding 

859
00:44:38,200 --> 00:44:40,800
about Roman marriage. 
Customs was rather embarrassing.

860
00:44:41,500 --> 00:44:44,400
Point is going back, would 
involve considerably more 

861
00:44:44,400 --> 00:44:46,000
crucifixion than I am 
comfortable with. 

862
00:44:49,000 --> 00:44:52,200
Margaret felt the weight of her 
life settling around her like an

863
00:44:52,200 --> 00:44:54,900
ill-fitting coat. 
Her job at the library while 

864
00:44:54,900 --> 00:44:58,500
stable had become increasingly 
automated and decreasingly 

865
00:44:58,500 --> 00:45:01,300
fulfilling. 
Her marriage had ended two years

866
00:45:01,300 --> 00:45:03,700
ago when her husband discovered 
that his midlife crisis 

867
00:45:03,700 --> 00:45:06,900
required, a motorcycle. 
And a 25 year old named Crystal.

868
00:45:07,700 --> 00:45:10,300
Her mortgage was for a house 
that had always felt too large 

869
00:45:10,300 --> 00:45:12,200
for one person and two small for
the life. 

870
00:45:12,200 --> 00:45:15,600
She'd imagined she'd have how do
you know if you want to go back?

871
00:45:15,600 --> 00:45:19,600
She asked quietly. 
That said sister Agatha is the 

872
00:45:19,600 --> 00:45:22,500
question. 
Everyone asks and nobody can 

873
00:45:22,500 --> 00:45:26,100
answer for anyone else, but I 
will say this in five years 

874
00:45:26,100 --> 00:45:29,500
here, I've published more 
original research than I did in 

875
00:45:29,500 --> 00:45:32,700
20 years at Cambridge. 
It turns out that primary source

876
00:45:32,700 --> 00:45:35,300
material is much easier to 
obtain when your sources are 

877
00:45:35,300 --> 00:45:39,000
sitting at the next table. 
Gladys set down her glass and 

878
00:45:39,000 --> 00:45:41,800
leaned against the bar. 
I've been thinking about that 

879
00:45:41,800 --> 00:45:45,200
night in London when I ended up 
here, the sirens were going off,

880
00:45:45,200 --> 00:45:48,000
bombs were falling and I was 
more terrified than I'd ever 

881
00:45:48,000 --> 00:45:51,100
been in my life. 
But I was also More Alive than 

882
00:45:51,100 --> 00:45:54,400
I'd felt in years. 
Three years had passed since my 

883
00:45:54,400 --> 00:45:56,700
husband's death. 
My children had grown and left 

884
00:45:56,700 --> 00:45:59,400
and I was merely existing. 
You need me here. 

885
00:45:59,400 --> 00:46:03,300
I'm building something. 
But don't you miss it, Margaret 

886
00:46:03,300 --> 00:46:07,200
asked your real life. 
This is my real, life Gladys 

887
00:46:07,200 --> 00:46:09,600
said, simply the other one was 
just what happened before. 

888
00:46:09,600 --> 00:46:14,300
I started Living Heaven door 
abruptly opened suggesting 

889
00:46:14,300 --> 00:46:18,100
either extreme urgency or poor 
maintenance a young man. 

890
00:46:18,100 --> 00:46:21,100
Stumbled in wearing clothes, 
that looked like a confused 

891
00:46:21,100 --> 00:46:24,000
merger between medieval peasant 
wear and what Margaret was 

892
00:46:24,000 --> 00:46:27,200
beginning to recognize as the 
standard issue temporal Refugee 

893
00:46:27,200 --> 00:46:30,600
uniform Emergency committee 
meeting, he announced 

894
00:46:30,600 --> 00:46:34,000
breathlessly, we've got an 
acronym policing coming and 

895
00:46:34,000 --> 00:46:36,000
there are asking about 
unauthorized timeline 

896
00:46:36,000 --> 00:46:38,200
modifications. 
The Tavern erupted into 

897
00:46:38,200 --> 00:46:40,900
organized and Chaos. 
Thomas immediately began 

898
00:46:40,900 --> 00:46:43,600
drafting what he called 
emergencies protocols for 

899
00:46:43,600 --> 00:46:47,300
Democratic crisis management. 
For Anika started organizing 

900
00:46:47,300 --> 00:46:50,600
people into what she termed 
efficiency groups, Marcus began 

901
00:46:50,600 --> 00:46:53,900
discussing defensive strategies 
that involved words like Phalanx

902
00:46:53,900 --> 00:46:58,000
and tactical retreat. 
Anachronism, police Margaret 

903
00:46:58,000 --> 00:46:59,800
asked to Agatha's about the 
commotion. 

904
00:47:00,500 --> 00:47:04,100
Time travels, governing body 
sister Agatha, explained grimly,

905
00:47:04,100 --> 00:47:07,400
consider them to be the 
universe's Hall monitors, but 

906
00:47:07,400 --> 00:47:09,700
with the authority to erase 
entire timelines. 

907
00:47:09,700 --> 00:47:12,900
If they think things have gotten
too messy, they don't like 

908
00:47:12,900 --> 00:47:16,700
places like this too many 
variables, too much potential 

909
00:47:16,700 --> 00:47:19,100
for paradox. 
What do they do? 

910
00:47:19,100 --> 00:47:22,800
Best case scenario? 
They relocate us to approve, 

911
00:47:22,800 --> 00:47:25,400
temporal zones. 
Worst case scenario. 

912
00:47:25,400 --> 00:47:30,200
They decide where too much of a 
risk and Sister Agatha made a 

913
00:47:30,208 --> 00:47:32,800
gesture that could be 
interpreted as either poof or 

914
00:47:32,800 --> 00:47:35,900
obliteration. 
Margaret felt that familiar 

915
00:47:35,900 --> 00:47:39,300
librarian Instinct kicking in 
the one that appeared whenever 

916
00:47:39,300 --> 00:47:42,100
someone threatened to reorganize
her carefully maintained systems

917
00:47:42,100 --> 00:47:45,400
without consulting her first. it
was the same feeling she got 

918
00:47:45,400 --> 00:47:48,600
when patrons tried to return 
books to the wrong shells, or 

919
00:47:48,600 --> 00:47:52,200
when her supervisor suggested 
improving efficiency through 

920
00:47:52,200 --> 00:47:55,700
methods that would clearly make 
everything worse Right? 

921
00:47:55,700 --> 00:47:58,000
She said surprising herself with
her decisive nurse. 

922
00:47:58,000 --> 00:48:01,800
What actions are necessary. 
The emergency committee meeting 

923
00:48:01,800 --> 00:48:04,200
took place in what Gladys 
optimistically called the 

924
00:48:04,200 --> 00:48:06,900
community center, which was 
actually the tavern with the 

925
00:48:06,908 --> 00:48:09,100
tables pushed together. 
And everyone, trying to look 

926
00:48:09,100 --> 00:48:11,700
official, although half of them 
were drinking ale at 10 in the 

927
00:48:11,708 --> 00:48:14,200
morning. 
Margaret found herself appointed

928
00:48:14,200 --> 00:48:16,600
as Secretary of Records, 
primarily because she was the 

929
00:48:16,600 --> 00:48:19,600
only one present who knew what 
carbon paper was and could also 

930
00:48:19,608 --> 00:48:21,400
operate the hand cranked 
printing. 

931
00:48:21,400 --> 00:48:24,500
Press that a Victorian gentleman
named Nigel, had constructed 

932
00:48:24,500 --> 00:48:28,400
from memory and spare parts. 
Right then Thomas said calling 

933
00:48:28,400 --> 00:48:31,500
the meeting to order with the 
sort of Gravitas that suggested 

934
00:48:31,500 --> 00:48:34,800
he'd had practice at this sort 
of thing Jeremiah report. 

935
00:48:35,900 --> 00:48:39,000
Jeremiah the young man who 
brought the news stood up and 

936
00:48:39,000 --> 00:48:42,800
consulted, what appeared to be 
notes written on bark. 3 an 

937
00:48:42,800 --> 00:48:45,400
akronym police officers arrived.
This morning via what looked 

938
00:48:45,400 --> 00:48:49,400
like a temporal Vortex to as a 
traveling Merchants wagon there 

939
00:48:49,400 --> 00:48:51,200
are staying at the inn and 
asking questions about 

940
00:48:51,200 --> 00:48:54,500
unauthorized timeline 
modifications and dangerous, 

941
00:48:54,500 --> 00:48:58,800
temporal accumulations. 
Dangerous temporal accumulations

942
00:48:58,800 --> 00:49:00,900
sister Agatha, repeated 
thoughtfully. 

943
00:49:00,900 --> 00:49:03,300
That's what they call places 
like us. 

944
00:49:03,300 --> 00:49:06,400
We have an excessive number of 
individuals from very Sierra's 

945
00:49:06,400 --> 00:49:09,600
residing in one place. 
Where apparently creating, what 

946
00:49:09,600 --> 00:49:13,200
they term chronological 
instability, bollocks and 

947
00:49:13,200 --> 00:49:16,200
Veronica, firmly were creating a
chronological Community. 

948
00:49:16,200 --> 00:49:20,500
There's a difference. 
Marcus nodded approvingly, in 

949
00:49:20,500 --> 00:49:22,100
Rome. 
We had a say when the 

950
00:49:22,100 --> 00:49:26,400
bureaucrats arrived the wine and
sharp and the swords We're not 

951
00:49:26,408 --> 00:49:29,700
hiding wine or sharpening swords
Tom said quickly, we're 

952
00:49:29,700 --> 00:49:32,200
civilized people having a 
civilized discussion about how 

953
00:49:32,200 --> 00:49:34,700
to handle a bureaucratic 
situation through proper 

954
00:49:34,700 --> 00:49:39,200
Democratic channels. 
Have you met bureaucrats Gladys 

955
00:49:39,200 --> 00:49:42,600
asked, dryly in my experience. 
Proper Democratic channels work 

956
00:49:42,600 --> 00:49:44,800
about as well for people in 
London during the blitz as they 

957
00:49:44,808 --> 00:49:47,900
do. 
Now, that is not at all and you 

958
00:49:47,900 --> 00:49:49,500
mostly have to muddle through 
and hope for the best. 

959
00:49:50,600 --> 00:49:53,700
Margaret found herself taking 
detailed notes, partly out of 

960
00:49:53,708 --> 00:49:56,200
professional habit and partly 
because writing things down, 

961
00:49:56,200 --> 00:49:59,300
helped her think. 
As she wrote patterns began to 

962
00:49:59,300 --> 00:50:03,000
emerge the anachronism police 
seemed concerned about their 

963
00:50:03,000 --> 00:50:05,800
communities effect on the 
timeline, but from what she 

964
00:50:05,800 --> 00:50:08,400
could gather, they hadn't 
actually done anything to affect

965
00:50:08,400 --> 00:50:10,100
it. 
They were just living their 

966
00:50:10,100 --> 00:50:12,200
lives in a place that 
technically shouldn't exist. 

967
00:50:12,200 --> 00:50:16,100
What exactly is the timeline 
we're supposedly affecting she 

968
00:50:16,100 --> 00:50:20,000
asked the room went quiet. 
Margaret was beginning to 

969
00:50:20,000 --> 00:50:22,000
recognize this particular type 
of Silence. 

970
00:50:22,000 --> 00:50:24,900
It was the same one that 
occurred in library staff 

971
00:50:24,900 --> 00:50:26,800
meeting. 
And someone asked obvious 

972
00:50:26,800 --> 00:50:29,100
questions that revealed 
fundamental problems with the 

973
00:50:29,100 --> 00:50:34,100
entire system. 
Well, sister said slowly, that's

974
00:50:34,100 --> 00:50:37,900
rather complicated. 
See technically, none of us 

975
00:50:37,900 --> 00:50:40,600
should be here. 
We should all be in our original

976
00:50:40,600 --> 00:50:42,900
Times. 
Living our original lives, 

977
00:50:42,900 --> 00:50:45,400
making our original 
contributions to history. 

978
00:50:46,300 --> 00:50:48,300
But we're not affecting our 
original times. 

979
00:50:48,300 --> 00:50:50,300
Margaret pointed out, we're not 
there. 

980
00:50:50,300 --> 00:50:53,500
If anything, our absence should 
have more impact than our 

981
00:50:53,500 --> 00:50:56,800
presence here. 
Ah said Nigel the Victorian 

982
00:50:56,800 --> 00:51:00,500
engineer speaking up for the 
first time, that's where it gets

983
00:51:00,500 --> 00:51:03,800
intriguing, my research. 
Which I've dedicated a 

984
00:51:03,800 --> 00:51:06,500
significant amount of time to 
indicate that our disappearances

985
00:51:06,500 --> 00:51:10,600
of received compensation 
compensated, how Tom's asked, 

986
00:51:11,300 --> 00:51:15,100
Replacements, Nigel said, simply
the timeline has generated 

987
00:51:15,100 --> 00:51:17,200
substitute versions of us to 
fill the gaps. 

988
00:51:17,200 --> 00:51:20,200
We left behind my wife. 
Believes I died in a factory 

989
00:51:20,200 --> 00:51:23,100
accident, Sister Agatha's 
University believed. 

990
00:51:23,100 --> 00:51:26,100
She took early retirement, 
Margaret's Library believes. 

991
00:51:26,100 --> 00:51:28,300
She moved to Florida to care for
an elderly relative. 

992
00:51:28,300 --> 00:51:31,500
Margaret felt a chill that had 
nothing to do with the medieval 

993
00:51:31,500 --> 00:51:34,800
heating system. 
So there's another version of me

994
00:51:34,800 --> 00:51:37,800
living my life. 
Timeline generated, 

995
00:51:37,800 --> 00:51:41,100
approximation sister Agatha 
confirmed, close enough to 

996
00:51:41,100 --> 00:51:44,900
maintain continuity, but not 
actually you think of it as 

997
00:51:44,900 --> 00:51:49,100
temporal autocorrect. 
That's deeply unsettling 

998
00:51:49,100 --> 00:51:53,000
Margaret said, welcome to time. 
Travel Gladys said, chiefly 

999
00:51:53,000 --> 00:51:56,100
nothing about it makes sense. 
And the more you think about it,

1000
00:51:56,100 --> 00:52:01,200
the more you realize that sense 
was always overrated anyway, The

1001
00:52:01,200 --> 00:52:04,000
meeting continued for another 
hour with various committee 

1002
00:52:04,000 --> 00:52:06,900
members proposing solutions that
ranged from diplomatic 

1003
00:52:06,900 --> 00:52:12,700
negotiation, Thomas to strategic
misdirection Veronica to trial 

1004
00:52:12,700 --> 00:52:16,200
by combat Marcus. 
Predictably Margaret found 

1005
00:52:16,200 --> 00:52:18,900
herself thinking about the other
version of herself living in her

1006
00:52:18,900 --> 00:52:21,600
house doing her job, and 
presumably, feeding her cat. 

1007
00:52:22,400 --> 00:52:23,900
Was that version of her 
fulfilled? 

1008
00:52:23,900 --> 00:52:26,900
Was she living the life? 
Margaret had been too afraid to 

1009
00:52:26,900 --> 00:52:29,800
lead? 
I proposed she said interrupting

1010
00:52:29,800 --> 00:52:32,400
a discussion about the proper 
protocol for addressing temporal

1011
00:52:32,400 --> 00:52:35,600
law enforcement that we find out
what the anachronism police 

1012
00:52:35,600 --> 00:52:37,700
actually want. 
Before we decide how to respond 

1013
00:52:37,700 --> 00:52:40,500
to them. 
Revolutionary thinking Veronica 

1014
00:52:40,500 --> 00:52:43,300
said approvingly gather 
intelligence before forming 

1015
00:52:43,300 --> 00:52:44,900
strategy. 
I like her. 

1016
00:52:45,800 --> 00:52:49,400
Called reconnaissance, Marcus 
added basic military procedure. 

1017
00:52:50,300 --> 00:52:53,300
It's called Common Sense. 
Gladys said I suppose that's 

1018
00:52:53,300 --> 00:52:56,400
revolutionary enough. 
In most situations Thomas nodded

1019
00:52:56,400 --> 00:52:59,100
thoughtfully, Margaret raises an
excellent point. 

1020
00:52:59,100 --> 00:53:02,900
We've been assuming they want to
shut us down or relocate us but 

1021
00:53:02,900 --> 00:53:04,500
perhaps their concerns are more 
specific. 

1022
00:53:04,500 --> 00:53:07,800
Jeremiah what? 
Exactly were they asking about? 

1023
00:53:09,300 --> 00:53:11,100
Jeremiah, consulted, his bark 
notes. 

1024
00:53:11,100 --> 00:53:14,300
Again, they wanted to know about
unauthorized historical, 

1025
00:53:14,300 --> 00:53:18,300
documentation anachronistic, 
technological development, and 

1026
00:53:18,300 --> 00:53:22,400
unsanctioned temporal education,
programs Margaret felt her 

1027
00:53:22,400 --> 00:53:25,200
librarian, instincts, tingling, 
those are very specific 

1028
00:53:25,200 --> 00:53:28,100
concerns. 
Not General timeline protection,

1029
00:53:28,100 --> 00:53:32,400
specific activities, Sister 
Agatha has been writing papers 

1030
00:53:32,400 --> 00:53:35,600
about medieval life, based on 
Direct observation, Nigel said, 

1031
00:53:35,608 --> 00:53:38,000
slowly. 
I've been developing hybrid 

1032
00:53:38,000 --> 00:53:41,300
Technologies using Knowledge 
from multiple times and we've 

1033
00:53:41,300 --> 00:53:45,000
all been sharing knowledge of 
historical boundaries We've been

1034
00:53:45,000 --> 00:53:47,600
learning from each other 
Margaret said, and apparently, 

1035
00:53:47,600 --> 00:53:51,500
that's what their worry about. 
The room fell silent again but 

1036
00:53:51,500 --> 00:53:53,700
this time it was the thoughtful 
Silence of people. 

1037
00:53:53,700 --> 00:53:56,300
Realizing they were in more 
trouble than they initially 

1038
00:53:56,300 --> 00:53:58,900
understood. 
But also possibly more right 

1039
00:53:58,900 --> 00:54:03,400
than they dared to Hope. 
So Tom said, finally we're not 

1040
00:54:03,408 --> 00:54:06,500
just temporal refugees were 
temporal revolutionaries. 

1041
00:54:07,500 --> 00:54:10,900
Accidental temporal 
revolutionary or sister Agatha 

1042
00:54:10,900 --> 00:54:14,000
corrected. 
The best kind of said with 

1043
00:54:14,000 --> 00:54:17,900
satisfaction, nobody expects The
Accidental revolutionaries. 

1044
00:54:19,000 --> 00:54:22,100
Margaret looked around the room 
at her fellow temporal Misfits 

1045
00:54:22,100 --> 00:54:25,100
and felt something she hadn't 
experienced in years. 

1046
00:54:25,100 --> 00:54:28,100
The sense that she was precisely
where she was supposed to be 

1047
00:54:28,100 --> 00:54:30,500
doing exactly what she was 
supposed to do. 

1048
00:54:31,300 --> 00:54:33,100
She appeared to be tasked with 
challenging. 

1049
00:54:33,100 --> 00:54:35,800
The fundamental principles of 
temporal law enforcement by 

1050
00:54:35,800 --> 00:54:38,100
radically establishing a 
functional community. 

1051
00:54:39,100 --> 00:54:42,100
Right then, she said surprising 
herself again with her 

1052
00:54:42,100 --> 00:54:44,500
decisiveness. 
Let's go talk to these 

1053
00:54:44,500 --> 00:54:47,700
anachronism police and find out 
exactly what kind of Revolution 

1054
00:54:47,700 --> 00:54:51,000
were accidentally leading based 
on her experience, with various 

1055
00:54:51,000 --> 00:54:54,300
forms of bureaucratic Authority.
Margaret expected the 

1056
00:54:54,300 --> 00:54:58,200
anachronism police to be polite,
efficient and firmly convinced 

1057
00:54:58,200 --> 00:55:00,300
that their approach was the only
logical one. 

1058
00:55:01,100 --> 00:55:04,600
Their taken up residence in The 
Villages only in which was run 

1059
00:55:04,600 --> 00:55:08,100
by a cheerful woman from the 
14th century who had adapted to 

1060
00:55:08,100 --> 00:55:10,800
her unusual. 
Clan tell by developing what she

1061
00:55:10,800 --> 00:55:14,200
called her flexible approach to 
customers service. 

1062
00:55:16,100 --> 00:55:18,600
The three officers were sitting 
in the ins common room, when 

1063
00:55:18,600 --> 00:55:20,700
Margaret's diplomatic delegation
arrived. 

1064
00:55:21,400 --> 00:55:25,200
Thomas had insisted on formal. 
Protocols Veronica, had insisted

1065
00:55:25,200 --> 00:55:27,500
on strategic positioning and 
Marcus. 

1066
00:55:27,500 --> 00:55:31,300
Had insisted on bringing weapons
ceremonial purposes, only had 

1067
00:55:31,300 --> 00:55:34,500
assured them while checking the 
edge on his Gladius, Margaret 

1068
00:55:34,500 --> 00:55:37,000
had insisted on bringing tea 
service because in her 

1069
00:55:37,000 --> 00:55:40,300
experience any difficult, 
conversation went better with 

1070
00:55:40,300 --> 00:55:43,700
proper Refreshments, the lead 
officer was a woman who 

1071
00:55:43,700 --> 00:55:45,700
introduced herself as Inspector 
Chronos. 

1072
00:55:45,700 --> 00:55:48,500
Which Margaret suspected was 
either an assumed name or 

1073
00:55:48,500 --> 00:55:51,400
evidence that the anachronism 
police had a department devoted 

1074
00:55:51,400 --> 00:55:55,200
entirely to ironic nomenclature.
She was wearing what appeared to

1075
00:55:55,200 --> 00:55:57,800
be a uniform designed by someone
who had been told to create 

1076
00:55:57,800 --> 00:56:02,200
Timeless professional attire and
had interpreted the term as a 

1077
00:56:02,200 --> 00:56:05,200
boring Grace suit that could 
plausibly exist in any century. 

1078
00:56:06,100 --> 00:56:08,300
Thank you for meeting with us. 
Inspector Cronus. 

1079
00:56:08,300 --> 00:56:11,000
Said as Margaret arrange the tea
service on the ins largest 

1080
00:56:11,000 --> 00:56:13,100
table. 
We appreciate your cooperation 

1081
00:56:13,100 --> 00:56:16,700
in this matter. 
Our pleasure Thomas replied 

1082
00:56:16,700 --> 00:56:20,300
smoothly though I confess we're 
uncertain about the nature of 

1083
00:56:20,300 --> 00:56:21,800
the matter that requires our 
cooperation. 

1084
00:56:23,200 --> 00:56:26,400
Inspector Kronos consulted, a 
tablet that definitely hadn't 

1085
00:56:26,400 --> 00:56:28,800
existed in any time period. 
Margaret could identify. 

1086
00:56:30,100 --> 00:56:32,700
You're aware that this 
settlement exists in violation 

1087
00:56:32,700 --> 00:56:36,000
of several Accords. 
We weren't aware. 

1088
00:56:36,000 --> 00:56:39,300
There were temporal Accords. 
Sister Agatha, said, mildly. 

1089
00:56:40,000 --> 00:56:43,400
Perhaps, you could Enlighten us.
Margaret poured tea while 

1090
00:56:43,400 --> 00:56:45,800
listening to inspector, Kronos, 
explain the complex legal 

1091
00:56:45,800 --> 00:56:47,900
framework, that apparently 
governed time travel. 

1092
00:56:48,800 --> 00:56:52,000
According to the temporal 
Accords unauthorized time travel

1093
00:56:52,000 --> 00:56:55,400
was prohibited, temporal 
settlements were forbidden and 

1094
00:56:55,400 --> 00:56:58,300
crossed temporal knowledge. 
Sharing was considered a class 3

1095
00:56:58,300 --> 00:57:01,600
chronological offense punishable
by timeline rehabilitation. 

1096
00:57:02,600 --> 00:57:04,900
Timeline. 
Rehabilitation sounds ominous 

1097
00:57:04,900 --> 00:57:05,700
Veronica. 
Observed. 

1098
00:57:06,600 --> 00:57:09,300
Humane process inspector Cronus,
assured her. 

1099
00:57:09,300 --> 00:57:13,200
We simply relocated individuals 
to appropriate temporal zones 

1100
00:57:13,200 --> 00:57:16,100
where they can live productive 
lives without disrupting 

1101
00:57:16,100 --> 00:57:19,000
historical continuity. 
Separator. 

1102
00:57:19,000 --> 00:57:21,400
You mean Margaret said offering 
the sugar cubes. 

1103
00:57:21,400 --> 00:57:24,300
Send us back to our original 
times where we want to go on or 

1104
00:57:24,300 --> 00:57:26,400
not. 
The personal preferences of 

1105
00:57:26,400 --> 00:57:29,000
temporarily displaced persons 
are secondary to the stability 

1106
00:57:29,000 --> 00:57:33,300
of the timeline inspector Cronos
replied accepting her with the 

1107
00:57:33,300 --> 00:57:34,900
sort of polite nurse that 
suggested. 

1108
00:57:34,900 --> 00:57:38,000
She'd been trained in diplomatic
protocols but found them. 

1109
00:57:38,000 --> 00:57:42,200
Tedious Margaret felt that 
familiar librarian angle Rising 

1110
00:57:42,200 --> 00:57:45,400
the specific Fury that came from
dealing with people who 

1111
00:57:45,400 --> 00:57:48,500
prioritize systems over people 
and called it necessary 

1112
00:57:48,500 --> 00:57:51,800
efficiency. 
And who decided that timelines 

1113
00:57:51,800 --> 00:57:54,300
stability was more important 
than personal autonomy. 

1114
00:57:55,600 --> 00:57:57,900
Inspector. 
Kronos looked genuinely puzzled 

1115
00:57:57,900 --> 00:58:00,600
by the question. 
The temporal authority, of 

1116
00:58:00,600 --> 00:58:03,800
course, timelines stability, 
maintains the proper order of 

1117
00:58:03,800 --> 00:58:07,800
historical events. 
Whose proper order Thomas asked 

1118
00:58:07,800 --> 00:58:11,300
his Colonial revolutionary 
instincts, clearly activated, 

1119
00:58:11,300 --> 00:58:13,800
who gave this temporal 
Authority, the right to 

1120
00:58:13,800 --> 00:58:15,700
determine how people should live
their lives. 

1121
00:58:16,700 --> 00:58:20,000
The Authority derives from 
temporal law, which exists to 

1122
00:58:20,008 --> 00:58:22,100
prevent paradoxes and maintain 
historical. 

1123
00:58:22,100 --> 00:58:25,900
Accuracy, inspector Cronus 
explained patiently as if 

1124
00:58:25,900 --> 00:58:28,400
speaking to children who 
couldn't understand basic 

1125
00:58:28,400 --> 00:58:31,000
concepts. 
Historical accuracy, according 

1126
00:58:31,000 --> 00:58:35,200
to whom sister asked, I've spent
five years here, conducting 

1127
00:58:35,200 --> 00:58:38,900
primary research that revealed 
significant errors in accepted 

1128
00:58:38,900 --> 00:58:42,400
historical narrative, are you 
more interested in preserving 

1129
00:58:42,400 --> 00:58:45,900
factual accuracy or in upholding
your own interpretation of 

1130
00:58:45,900 --> 00:58:49,000
accuracy? 
Margaret watched inspector 

1131
00:58:49,000 --> 00:58:53,100
kronos's face carefully years of
dealing with Library patrons had

1132
00:58:53,100 --> 00:58:55,200
taught her to recognize the 
exact moment when someone 

1133
00:58:55,200 --> 00:58:58,000
realized their position might 
not be as unassailable as they 

1134
00:58:58,000 --> 00:59:02,100
assumed. inspector Cronos was 
having that moment right now, 

1135
00:59:02,100 --> 00:59:05,000
your research is part of the 
problem, one of the other 

1136
00:59:05,000 --> 00:59:08,100
officers, said speaking for the 
first time, your creating 

1137
00:59:08,100 --> 00:59:11,000
unauthorized historical 
documentation, that could alter 

1138
00:59:11,000 --> 00:59:14,700
scholarly understanding of past 
events, You mean it could 

1139
00:59:14,708 --> 00:59:17,900
improve scholarly, understanding
Margaret said, sweetly 

1140
00:59:17,900 --> 00:59:21,200
refilling. 
His teacup isn't that what 

1141
00:59:21,200 --> 00:59:25,100
research is supposed to do. 
Not when it disrupts established

1142
00:59:25,100 --> 00:59:27,200
historical consensus. 
The officer applied. 

1143
00:59:27,900 --> 00:59:31,300
Established historical consensus
has been wrong before Veronica 

1144
00:59:31,300 --> 00:59:33,100
pointed out. 
I should know. 

1145
00:59:33,100 --> 00:59:37,500
I live through the 60s and the 
established historical consensus

1146
00:59:37,500 --> 00:59:40,300
about that decade is almost 
entirely bollocks. 

1147
00:59:41,000 --> 00:59:43,300
Margaret could see that this 
conversation was heading toward 

1148
00:59:43,300 --> 00:59:45,900
the sort of philosophical 
impasse that typically resulted 

1149
00:59:45,900 --> 00:59:47,900
in either violence or very long 
meetings. 

1150
00:59:47,900 --> 00:59:52,400
In her experience, violence was 
Messier but often more efficient

1151
00:59:52,400 --> 00:59:54,900
than meetings. 
However both typically ended 

1152
00:59:54,900 --> 00:59:57,600
with someone feeling aggrieved 
and nothing actually resolved 

1153
00:59:59,000 --> 01:00:01,700
Inspector Cronos. 
She said, interrupting what 

1154
01:00:01,700 --> 01:00:04,000
appeared to be the beginning of 
a lecture about the importance 

1155
01:00:04,000 --> 01:00:07,300
of historical stability? 
May, I ask you a personal 

1156
01:00:07,300 --> 01:00:10,500
question? 
inspector Kronos looked where he

1157
01:00:11,300 --> 01:00:14,100
I suppose. 
When did you last have a 

1158
01:00:14,108 --> 01:00:16,900
vacation? 
The question clearly was not 

1159
01:00:16,900 --> 01:00:18,400
what inspector Kronos had 
expected. 

1160
01:00:18,400 --> 01:00:22,000
I that's not relevant to this 
investigation. 

1161
01:00:23,400 --> 01:00:25,800
Humor, me Margaret said, 
employing the same tone. 

1162
01:00:25,800 --> 01:00:29,500
She used with particularly 
stubborn Library, patrons, When 

1163
01:00:29,500 --> 01:00:31,000
did you last take time off from 
work? 

1164
01:00:31,900 --> 01:00:34,300
Temporal Authority agents. 
Don't take vacations. 

1165
01:00:34,300 --> 01:00:38,000
Inspector Kronos, said, stiffly,
we have important work to do. 

1166
01:00:38,900 --> 01:00:42,800
Everyone needs time off Margaret
said gently otherwise work 

1167
01:00:42,800 --> 01:00:45,500
becomes the only thing that 
Gives Life Meaning and that's 

1168
01:00:45,500 --> 01:00:48,500
not healthy for anyone. 
Trust me, I speak from 

1169
01:00:48,500 --> 01:00:52,300
experience. 
She gestured around the ends, 

1170
01:00:52,300 --> 01:00:54,700
common room, where the afternoon
light was streaming through 

1171
01:00:54,700 --> 01:00:57,400
windows that had been designed 
by someone from the 18th century

1172
01:00:57,400 --> 01:01:00,400
built by someone from ancient 
Rome and decorated. 

1173
01:01:00,400 --> 01:01:04,100
By someone from the 1960s, the 
result was chaotic that somehow 

1174
01:01:04,100 --> 01:01:07,200
harmonious Like A visual 
representation of their entire 

1175
01:01:07,200 --> 01:01:09,500
Community. 
This place works. 

1176
01:01:09,500 --> 01:01:12,600
She said she had people from a 
dozen different times. 

1177
01:01:12,600 --> 01:01:14,800
Living together, sharing 
knowledge, building something 

1178
01:01:14,800 --> 01:01:16,600
new. 
We're not disrupting the 

1179
01:01:16,600 --> 01:01:18,700
timeline. 
We're creating something the 

1180
01:01:18,700 --> 01:01:21,000
timeline never had before. 
Something beautiful. 

1181
01:01:22,000 --> 01:01:24,400
An authorized beauty is still 
unauthorized. 

1182
01:01:24,400 --> 01:01:27,800
Respect to Chronos said, but her
voice lacked conviction. 

1183
01:01:28,800 --> 01:01:30,100
According to the temporal 
Accords. 

1184
01:01:30,100 --> 01:01:32,300
Yes. 
Margaret that have you 

1185
01:01:32,300 --> 01:01:34,400
considered that the temporal 
Accords might be wrong. 

1186
01:01:35,500 --> 01:01:38,100
The silence that followed was 
different from the previous 

1187
01:01:38,100 --> 01:01:41,400
uncomfortable silences. 
This silence was the result of 

1188
01:01:41,400 --> 01:01:44,600
someone who had blindly followed
the rules for years suddenly 

1189
01:01:44,600 --> 01:01:48,000
forced to question their logic, 
the Accords exist for good 

1190
01:01:48,000 --> 01:01:50,300
reason. 
Inspector Kronos said, finally, 

1191
01:01:51,100 --> 01:01:54,600
I'm sure they do Thomas said 
diplomatically for good reasons,

1192
01:01:54,600 --> 01:01:57,800
can become bad reasons. 
If circumstances change in my 

1193
01:01:57,808 --> 01:02:00,600
experience, the best laws are 
the ones that can adapt a new 

1194
01:02:00,600 --> 01:02:03,900
situations. 
What if Sister Agatha suggested 

1195
01:02:03,900 --> 01:02:06,700
carefully? 
Instead of shutting us down, you

1196
01:02:06,700 --> 01:02:09,600
studied us. 
We could be a pilot program for 

1197
01:02:09,600 --> 01:02:12,500
controlled cross, temporal 
Community Development, think of 

1198
01:02:12,500 --> 01:02:15,700
the research opportunities. 
Margaret could see him 

1199
01:02:15,700 --> 01:02:18,100
spectacular. 
Chronos wavering years of 

1200
01:02:18,100 --> 01:02:20,700
bureaucratic training will 
warning with what appeared to be

1201
01:02:20,700 --> 01:02:24,000
genuine curiosity and possibly 
the first intriguing 

1202
01:02:24,000 --> 01:02:27,900
conversation she had in decades 
That would require authorization

1203
01:02:27,900 --> 01:02:31,200
from the temporal Authority, 
inspector Cronus said slowly 

1204
01:02:31,200 --> 01:02:35,700
then let's get authorization. 
Margaret said briskly assume 

1205
01:02:35,700 --> 01:02:39,800
this some sort of application 
process Inspector Kronos stared 

1206
01:02:39,800 --> 01:02:41,800
at her. 
If you want to apply for legal 

1207
01:02:41,800 --> 01:02:45,500
recognition as an experimental 
temporal Community, why not 

1208
01:02:46,500 --> 01:02:48,700
Margaret Shrugged, we're already
here. 

1209
01:02:48,700 --> 01:02:51,400
We're already functioning. 
And apparently we're already 

1210
01:02:51,400 --> 01:02:53,600
breaking. 
The rules might as well break 

1211
01:02:53,600 --> 01:02:56,100
them officially applying for 
legal recognition. 

1212
01:02:56,100 --> 01:02:58,900
As an experimental. 
Temporal Community turned out to

1213
01:02:58,900 --> 01:03:02,200
involve approximately 17 
different forms Each of which 

1214
01:03:02,200 --> 01:03:04,500
had to be filled out in 
triplicate, using writing, 

1215
01:03:04,500 --> 01:03:06,800
implements appropriate to the 
time period of the person 

1216
01:03:06,800 --> 01:03:09,600
filling them out. 
Margaret found herself wielding 

1217
01:03:09,600 --> 01:03:11,400
a quill pen for the first time 
in her life. 

1218
01:03:11,400 --> 01:03:14,400
While cursing, whoever decided 
that bureaucracy should be 

1219
01:03:14,400 --> 01:03:17,400
deliberately difficult, This is 
ridiculous. 

1220
01:03:17,400 --> 01:03:20,800
Veronica muttered struggling 
with what appeared to be a 

1221
01:03:20,800 --> 01:03:23,900
formed designed to assess cross.
Temporal cultural integration, 

1222
01:03:23,900 --> 01:03:26,800
protocols. 
They want to know our policy for

1223
01:03:26,800 --> 01:03:29,200
resolving conflicts between 
Roman law and Renaissance 

1224
01:03:29,200 --> 01:03:32,400
banking practices. 
We don't have conflicts between 

1225
01:03:32,400 --> 01:03:34,500
Roman law and Renaissance 
banking practices. 

1226
01:03:34,500 --> 01:03:37,500
Thomas pointed out working his 
way, through a form of about 

1227
01:03:37,500 --> 01:03:39,900
Democratic governance and 
multi-d communities. 

1228
01:03:39,900 --> 01:03:43,100
With the sort of methodical 
Precision that suggested he'd 

1229
01:03:43,100 --> 01:03:44,900
had experience with Colonial 
paperwork. 

1230
01:03:44,900 --> 01:03:49,600
Exactly sister Agatha said, 
Marcus handles military, Justice

1231
01:03:49,600 --> 01:03:52,400
Nigel Handles in for structured 
disputes, you handle governance 

1232
01:03:52,400 --> 01:03:55,300
issues and Gladys handles 
everything else because she is 

1233
01:03:55,300 --> 01:03:58,400
the only one who's actually good
at managing people Margaret 

1234
01:03:58,400 --> 01:04:02,300
looked up from form. 47b 
justification for temporal. 

1235
01:04:02,300 --> 01:04:06,300
Cohabitation, realized something
important They hadn't just 

1236
01:04:06,300 --> 01:04:07,700
accidentally created a 
community. 

1237
01:04:07,700 --> 01:04:11,700
They had accidentally created a 
functioning government, and not 

1238
01:04:11,708 --> 01:04:14,300
just any government. 
But one that actually worked 

1239
01:04:14,300 --> 01:04:16,700
because everyone involved was 
too confused and to practical to

1240
01:04:16,700 --> 01:04:19,600
waste time on politics. 
We need to document this, she 

1241
01:04:19,600 --> 01:04:23,900
said suddenly document, what 
inspector of Chronos asked, she 

1242
01:04:23,900 --> 01:04:26,200
had remained at the end of 
oversee, the application 

1243
01:04:26,200 --> 01:04:29,200
process, but Margaret suspected 
that her primary reason for 

1244
01:04:29,200 --> 01:04:32,100
staying was her interest in 
their Community, which she found

1245
01:04:32,100 --> 01:04:34,500
far more engaging than her usual
assignments. 

1246
01:04:35,700 --> 01:04:39,200
How we govern ourselves Margaret
explained reaching for a freshly

1247
01:04:39,200 --> 01:04:41,000
to paper. 
If we're applying to be an 

1248
01:04:41,008 --> 01:04:44,100
experimental Community, we need 
to show that our experiment 

1249
01:04:44,100 --> 01:04:48,100
actually produces results. 
Over the next several hours, 

1250
01:04:48,100 --> 01:04:49,900
Margaret found herself doing 
what she did. 

1251
01:04:49,900 --> 01:04:54,000
Best organizing information, 
With input from the others, she 

1252
01:04:54,000 --> 01:04:57,000
documented their decision-making
processes, their conflict 

1253
01:04:57,000 --> 01:05:00,300
resolution methods, their 
resource allocation systems, and

1254
01:05:00,300 --> 01:05:03,900
their integration, protocols. 
What emerged was a picture of a 

1255
01:05:03,900 --> 01:05:06,900
community that had organically 
developed solutions to problems.

1256
01:05:06,900 --> 01:05:10,500
That political scientists spent 
decades debating This is 

1257
01:05:10,508 --> 01:05:13,700
extraordinary. 
Respect to Cronus said reading 

1258
01:05:13,700 --> 01:05:17,000
over Margaret's documentation. 
You've created a functional 

1259
01:05:17,000 --> 01:05:20,200
multi-temporal, democracy with 
building cultural sensitivity, 

1260
01:05:20,200 --> 01:05:22,500
protocols, and adaptive, 
governance structures. 

1261
01:05:23,400 --> 01:05:26,300
We've muddled through Gladys 
corrected, bringing them all 

1262
01:05:26,300 --> 01:05:29,200
another round of tea. 
We've made the best of it. 

1263
01:05:29,200 --> 01:05:32,300
Just like anyone else who finds 
themselves in an unexpected 

1264
01:05:32,300 --> 01:05:35,500
situation but that's precisely 
the point. 

1265
01:05:35,500 --> 01:05:40,000
Inspector krona said, excitement
creeping into her voice for the 

1266
01:05:40,008 --> 01:05:41,800
first time since Margaret had 
met her. 

1267
01:05:42,700 --> 01:05:45,400
Most temporal displacement, 
results in psychological, 

1268
01:05:45,400 --> 01:05:48,800
trauma, cultural, isolation and 
eventual breakdown. 

1269
01:05:48,800 --> 01:05:52,800
You've created something that 
not only works but actually 

1270
01:05:52,800 --> 01:05:54,800
enhances the lives of everyone 
involved. 

1271
01:05:54,800 --> 01:05:58,100
Margaret looked around the Inn's
common room where their 

1272
01:05:58,100 --> 01:06:01,200
impromptu government session had
attracted an audience of curious

1273
01:06:01,200 --> 01:06:04,400
community members. 
Markus was explaining Roman 

1274
01:06:04,400 --> 01:06:07,400
military organization to a group
that included a Viking Warrior 

1275
01:06:07,400 --> 01:06:10,700
Two medieval merchants what 
appeared to be a flapper who had

1276
01:06:10,700 --> 01:06:13,700
arrived just that morning. 
Nigel was sketching, engineering

1277
01:06:13,700 --> 01:06:17,000
diagrams, on a napkin, while a 
Renaissance artist offered 

1278
01:06:17,000 --> 01:06:20,600
suggestions about aesthetic, 
improvements Thomas and Veronica

1279
01:06:20,600 --> 01:06:23,400
were deep in discussion about 
the Practical applications of 

1280
01:06:23,400 --> 01:06:26,300
democratic theory with a 
gentleman, who played to be from

1281
01:06:26,300 --> 01:06:30,100
the court of Louis the 14th. 
It works because we need it to 

1282
01:06:30,100 --> 01:06:32,400
work. 
Margaret said we can't go home. 

1283
01:06:32,400 --> 01:06:35,700
So we have to make this place 
home and that means figuring out

1284
01:06:35,700 --> 01:06:38,300
how to live together even when 
we come from entirely different 

1285
01:06:38,300 --> 01:06:42,800
worlds, the temporal Authority 
should see this inspector Kronos

1286
01:06:42,800 --> 01:06:45,600
said, they've been trying to 
solve the problem of the 

1287
01:06:45,600 --> 01:06:48,200
temporal displacement for 
centuries and you've 

1288
01:06:48,200 --> 01:06:51,600
accidentally discovered the 
solution What's the problem with

1289
01:06:51,600 --> 01:06:55,900
temporal displacement, sister 
Agatha, their asked displaced 

1290
01:06:55,900 --> 01:06:59,100
persons, typically suffer from 
severe, temporal culture, shock 

1291
01:06:59,100 --> 01:07:02,800
inspector Cronus explained. 
They can't adapt to their new 

1292
01:07:02,800 --> 01:07:05,300
time, but they can't return to 
their original time. 

1293
01:07:05,300 --> 01:07:08,000
Either most end up in 
Specialized Care Facilities, or 

1294
01:07:08,000 --> 01:07:11,800
isolated temporal, reservations.
Margaret felt a chill. 

1295
01:07:12,500 --> 01:07:13,900
Temporal. 
Reservations. 

1296
01:07:13,900 --> 01:07:17,800
Quarantine zones where displaced
persons can live out their lives

1297
01:07:17,800 --> 01:07:20,400
without affecting the timeline. 
Inspector Cronus. 

1298
01:07:20,400 --> 01:07:23,600
Said, apparently not noticing 
the horror on everyone's faces 

1299
01:07:23,600 --> 01:07:26,300
is considered the most Humane 
solution. 

1300
01:07:27,600 --> 01:07:31,900
Humane Thomas, repeated flatly, 
you isolate people from society 

1301
01:07:31,900 --> 01:07:34,800
and call it Humane. 
It's better than the alternative

1302
01:07:34,800 --> 01:07:36,700
inspector. 
Kronos said defensively 

1303
01:07:36,700 --> 01:07:39,800
uncontrolled. 
Temporal displacement can cause 

1304
01:07:39,800 --> 01:07:45,200
paradoxes timeline disruptions 
and even reality Cascades Has 

1305
01:07:45,208 --> 01:07:47,800
that actually happened? 
Margaret asked, or is it 

1306
01:07:47,800 --> 01:07:53,100
theoretical inspector Kronos? 
Paul's, well theoretical, but 

1307
01:07:53,100 --> 01:07:55,800
the risk is theoretical Margaret
Finnish. 

1308
01:07:55,800 --> 01:07:59,600
Meanwhile, the reality, is that 
your condemning people to 

1309
01:07:59,600 --> 01:08:03,700
isolation based on theoretical 
risks Stood up, feeling the same

1310
01:08:03,700 --> 01:08:06,900
sense of righteous indignation, 
that had sustained her through 

1311
01:08:06,900 --> 01:08:10,100
years of fighting budget cuts 
and bureaucratic interference of

1312
01:08:10,100 --> 01:08:12,500
the library. 
Inspector Kronos. 

1313
01:08:13,100 --> 01:08:15,500
I think it's time the temporal 
Authority met with some people 

1314
01:08:15,500 --> 01:08:19,899
who have actually made temporal 
displacement work. you want to 

1315
01:08:19,899 --> 01:08:23,300
petition, the temporal Authority
directly inspector, Kronos asked

1316
01:08:23,300 --> 01:08:26,800
looking alarmed, I want to 
invite them to visit Margaret 

1317
01:08:26,800 --> 01:08:29,100
corrected. 
Let them see what we've built 

1318
01:08:29,100 --> 01:08:31,000
here. 
Let them meet our community. 

1319
01:08:31,000 --> 01:08:33,100
Let them understand that 
temporal displacement. 

1320
01:08:33,100 --> 01:08:35,100
Doesn't have to be a problem to 
be managed. 

1321
01:08:35,100 --> 01:08:37,700
It can be an opportunity to be 
embraced. 

1322
01:08:39,000 --> 01:08:42,100
The room went quiet again, but 
this time it was the excited 

1323
01:08:42,100 --> 01:08:43,800
Silence of people who had just 
realized. 

1324
01:08:43,800 --> 01:08:47,000
They were about to do something.
Either very brave or very stupid

1325
01:08:47,000 --> 01:08:51,000
and weren't entirely sure. 
Which that said for like a 

1326
01:08:51,000 --> 01:08:53,800
slowly is either brilliant or 
completely insane. 

1327
01:08:54,899 --> 01:08:58,399
In my experience Glarus said, 
cheerfully, the best ideas are 

1328
01:08:58,399 --> 01:09:03,100
usually both Inspector Cronos 
looked around the room faces of 

1329
01:09:03,100 --> 01:09:05,600
people who had accidentally 
revolutionized temporal 

1330
01:09:05,600 --> 01:09:08,399
Community planning. 
And we're now proposing to take 

1331
01:09:08,399 --> 01:09:11,100
their Revolution directly to the
highest levels of temporal 

1332
01:09:11,100 --> 01:09:14,399
Authority. 
Margaret could see her trying to

1333
01:09:14,399 --> 01:09:17,300
calculate the potential 
consequences, weigh the risks 

1334
01:09:17,300 --> 01:09:20,200
against the benefits, and figure
out whether supporting this plan

1335
01:09:20,200 --> 01:09:21,700
would Advance or destroy her 
career. 

1336
01:09:22,800 --> 01:09:24,500
I'll need to send a preliminary 
report. 

1337
01:09:24,500 --> 01:09:28,300
First she said, finally, Prepare
them for the possibility of an 

1338
01:09:28,300 --> 01:09:30,399
unconventional solution to the 
displacement problem. 

1339
01:09:31,399 --> 01:09:34,800
Unconventional Solutions are the
best kind marker said 

1340
01:09:34,808 --> 01:09:37,800
approvingly. 
In Rome we had a saying and 

1341
01:09:37,800 --> 01:09:41,000
conventional tactics fail, try 
something, so unexpected that 

1342
01:09:41,000 --> 01:09:44,899
your enemies defeat themselves 
through confusion The Romans 

1343
01:09:44,899 --> 01:09:50,000
actually say that Thomas asked, 
no Marcus admitted chiefly, but 

1344
01:09:50,000 --> 01:09:52,300
they should have, its excellent 
advice. 

1345
01:09:53,399 --> 01:09:56,200
Margaret looked at inspector 
cronies who was staring at their

1346
01:09:56,200 --> 01:09:58,900
Community with the expression of
someone who had come to inform 

1347
01:09:58,900 --> 01:10:02,100
the rules and instead discovered
that they might need changing 

1348
01:10:03,100 --> 01:10:05,700
Specter. 
She said gently, when did you 

1349
01:10:05,700 --> 01:10:08,500
last do something that made you 
excited about your work? 

1350
01:10:09,800 --> 01:10:11,900
Specter, Kronos was quiet for a 
long moment. 

1351
01:10:12,900 --> 01:10:14,700
I can't remember. 
She said, finally. 

1352
01:10:15,500 --> 01:10:17,700
Then maybe it's time to try 
something new Margaret 

1353
01:10:17,700 --> 01:10:20,900
suggested, maybe it's time to 
help us show the temporal 

1354
01:10:20,900 --> 01:10:23,700
Authority that some problems are
actually opportunities and 

1355
01:10:23,700 --> 01:10:25,800
disguise. 
The temporal authorities 

1356
01:10:25,800 --> 01:10:28,700
response to inspect a chronosis 
preliminary report arrived, 

1357
01:10:28,700 --> 01:10:31,800
three days later in the form of 
what appeared to be a medieval 

1358
01:10:31,800 --> 01:10:35,000
messenger, who wrote a horse, 
that moves slightly to smoothly 

1359
01:10:35,000 --> 01:10:38,400
and cast, no shadow. 
The message itself was written 

1360
01:10:38,400 --> 01:10:40,700
on parchment that looked 
authentic, but felt like 

1361
01:10:40,708 --> 01:10:44,000
high-quality printer paper and 
the ink had the peculiar 

1362
01:10:44,000 --> 01:10:46,800
property of remaining wet until 
someone read it at which point 

1363
01:10:46,800 --> 01:10:50,000
it dried instantly Margaret had 
become fascinated by these 

1364
01:10:50,000 --> 01:10:53,000
temporal inconsistencies. 
Everything about the temple 

1365
01:10:53,000 --> 01:10:55,500
authorities seemed designed to 
look, period appropriate while 

1366
01:10:55,500 --> 01:10:57,300
functioning with modern 
efficiency. 

1367
01:10:57,300 --> 01:11:00,300
As if they couldn't decide 
whether they wanted to blend in 

1368
01:11:00,300 --> 01:11:04,200
with history or transcended 
entirely, they're sending a 

1369
01:11:04,200 --> 01:11:07,500
delegation inspector, Kronos 
announced reading the message 

1370
01:11:07,500 --> 01:11:10,000
allowed to the assembled 
Community, senior inspector 

1371
01:11:10,000 --> 01:11:12,900
Paradox, inspector causality, 
and directed. 

1372
01:11:12,900 --> 01:11:16,500
Temporal will arrive tomorrow to
assess the viability of Cronos 

1373
01:11:16,500 --> 01:11:18,800
Commons as an experimental 
community. 

1374
01:11:19,600 --> 01:11:23,200
Director, temporal sister Agatha
asked, that's either a critical 

1375
01:11:23,200 --> 01:11:25,600
person or someone with a deeply 
unfortunate name. 

1376
01:11:26,600 --> 01:11:30,400
Both, probably Veronica said, in
my experience the most 

1377
01:11:30,400 --> 01:11:33,900
important, bureaucrats always 
have the most ridiculous titles.

1378
01:11:35,400 --> 01:11:37,600
Margaret felt the familiar 
flutter of anxiety that 

1379
01:11:37,600 --> 01:11:39,300
preceded, any important 
inspection. 

1380
01:11:39,300 --> 01:11:43,500
Whether it was Library Auditors 
Health Department, officials or 

1381
01:11:43,500 --> 01:11:45,400
apparently temporal law 
enforcement. 

1382
01:11:46,500 --> 01:11:49,500
Underneath the anxiety was 
something else excitement. 

1383
01:11:50,700 --> 01:11:53,800
First time in years, she was 
part of something that mattered 

1384
01:11:53,800 --> 01:11:56,200
something worth far more 
fighting for. 

1385
01:11:57,200 --> 01:12:00,800
Right then she said standing up 
with the sort of decisiveness 

1386
01:12:00,800 --> 01:12:02,900
that surprised everyone 
including herself. 

1387
01:12:03,600 --> 01:12:07,100
We have one day to prepare for 
the most important visitors. 

1388
01:12:07,100 --> 01:12:08,500
This community has ever 
received. 

1389
01:12:08,500 --> 01:12:12,000
I suggest we show them exactly 
what we've accomplished here. 

1390
01:12:12,800 --> 01:12:16,000
The next 24 hours passed in a 
blur of organized chaos. 

1391
01:12:16,000 --> 01:12:18,600
That would have made any event 
planner week with either 

1392
01:12:18,600 --> 01:12:22,200
admiration or despair. 
Gladys organized a feast that 

1393
01:12:22,200 --> 01:12:26,100
showcase culinary techniques 
from 12 different times, Nigel 

1394
01:12:26,100 --> 01:12:29,000
provided the entire village with
a comprehensive overview of 

1395
01:12:29,000 --> 01:12:31,400
infrastructure. 
Improvements highlighting the 

1396
01:12:31,400 --> 01:12:34,100
innovations that emerge from the
fusion of Roman engineering. 

1397
01:12:34,100 --> 01:12:37,300
Victorian precision and modern 
Material Science. 

1398
01:12:38,500 --> 01:12:41,000
Thomas prepared, a presentation 
on their governance, structure, 

1399
01:12:41,000 --> 01:12:43,400
the managed to be both 
academically rigorous and 

1400
01:12:43,400 --> 01:12:47,100
practically applicable. 
Margaret found herself 

1401
01:12:47,100 --> 01:12:49,500
coordinating. 
The entire effort which felt 

1402
01:12:49,500 --> 01:12:52,400
remarkably similar to organizing
the library's annual fundraising

1403
01:12:52,400 --> 01:12:55,300
Gala. 
Except with more times involved 

1404
01:12:55,300 --> 01:12:59,200
and significantly higher Stakes.
She discovered that her years of

1405
01:12:59,200 --> 01:13:02,000
managing Library events had 
prepared her surprisingly, well,

1406
01:13:02,000 --> 01:13:05,800
for managing temporal diplomacy.
The delegation arrived precisely

1407
01:13:05,800 --> 01:13:09,000
at noon stepping out of what 
appeared to be a traveling 

1408
01:13:09,000 --> 01:13:12,100
Merchants wagon, that definitely
hadn't been their moments before

1409
01:13:12,100 --> 01:13:14,500
director. 
Temporal turned out to be a 

1410
01:13:14,500 --> 01:13:17,100
woman who looked like she could 
have been anywhere between 30 

1411
01:13:17,100 --> 01:13:20,700
and 300 years old wearing robes 
that managed to suggest both 

1412
01:13:20,700 --> 01:13:22,900
medieval Authority and modern 
professionalism. 

1413
01:13:23,800 --> 01:13:26,300
Senior inspector Paradox was a 
tall man with the sort of 

1414
01:13:26,308 --> 01:13:28,400
precisely groomed appearance 
that suggested. 

1415
01:13:28,400 --> 01:13:31,200
He took temporal regulations, 
very seriously indeed. 

1416
01:13:32,200 --> 01:13:35,900
Inspectors was younger with the 
eager expression of someone who 

1417
01:13:35,900 --> 01:13:39,000
had recently been promoted and 
was determined to prove worthy 

1418
01:13:39,000 --> 01:13:41,900
of the position. 
Welcome to Kronos Commons 

1419
01:13:41,900 --> 01:13:45,300
Margaret said, stepping forward 
with the sort of confidence, she

1420
01:13:45,300 --> 01:13:47,500
usually reserved for dealing 
with particularly difficult 

1421
01:13:47,500 --> 01:13:51,300
Library board members, we are 
honored by your visit directed, 

1422
01:13:51,300 --> 01:13:53,700
temporal looked around the 
Village Square where the 

1423
01:13:53,700 --> 01:13:55,800
community had assembled to greet
their visitors. 

1424
01:13:55,800 --> 01:13:59,400
Her expression was carefully 
neutral, but Margaret caught her

1425
01:13:59,400 --> 01:14:02,300
Paul pausing to study, the 
architectural, Innovations, the 

1426
01:14:02,300 --> 01:14:05,600
way people from different times 
were naturally interacting and 

1427
01:14:05,600 --> 01:14:07,800
the general atmosphere of 
purposeful activity. 

1428
01:14:07,800 --> 01:14:11,900
Inspector Cronos has submitted a
preliminary report suggesting 

1429
01:14:11,900 --> 01:14:14,600
that this community represents a
viable alternative to 

1430
01:14:14,600 --> 01:14:17,600
traditional temporal 
displacement, protocols to 

1431
01:14:17,600 --> 01:14:20,700
temporal said, we're here to 
assess the accuracy of that 

1432
01:14:20,700 --> 01:14:23,800
assessment. 
We'd be delighted to show you 

1433
01:14:23,800 --> 01:14:25,700
around. 
Thomas said stepping forward 

1434
01:14:25,700 --> 01:14:29,600
with Colonial diplomatic charm 
perhaps we could begin with our 

1435
01:14:29,600 --> 01:14:33,200
governance Center. 
What followed was the most 

1436
01:14:33,200 --> 01:14:35,800
unusual term Margaret had ever 
participated in. 

1437
01:14:35,800 --> 01:14:39,000
They showed the delegation, 
their Democratic decision-making

1438
01:14:39,000 --> 01:14:41,200
processes. 
Their conflict resolution 

1439
01:14:41,200 --> 01:14:44,200
methods, their resource 
allocation system and their 

1440
01:14:44,200 --> 01:14:47,700
integration. 
Protocols Stop community 

1441
01:14:47,700 --> 01:14:50,000
members. 
Demonstrated not just how their 

1442
01:14:50,000 --> 01:14:51,800
systems worked, but why they 
worked? 

1443
01:14:52,700 --> 01:14:55,600
The key Insight sister Agatha 
explained as they stood in what 

1444
01:14:55,600 --> 01:14:57,700
had become their informal 
receipt search center. 

1445
01:14:57,700 --> 01:15:01,000
Is that temporal displacement, 
doesn't have to mean, cultural 

1446
01:15:01,000 --> 01:15:03,800
isolation, when you put people 
from different times together, 

1447
01:15:03,800 --> 01:15:05,500
they don't just adapt to each 
other. 

1448
01:15:05,500 --> 01:15:09,300
They enhance each other. 
She gestured to a wall covered 

1449
01:15:09,300 --> 01:15:12,600
with research notes, engineering
diagrams, artistic 

1450
01:15:12,600 --> 01:15:16,000
collaborations and what appeared
to be a detailed analysis of 

1451
01:15:16,000 --> 01:15:19,100
democratic theory written in 
four different languages by 

1452
01:15:19,100 --> 01:15:20,800
authors from four different 
centuries. 

1453
01:15:21,700 --> 01:15:23,400
We're not just preserving 
historical knowledge. 

1454
01:15:23,400 --> 01:15:27,200
She continued their creating new
knowledge by combining 

1455
01:15:27,200 --> 01:15:30,300
historical perspectives in ways 
that have never been possible 

1456
01:15:30,300 --> 01:15:34,100
before. 
Spectacular was taking in the 

1457
01:15:34,100 --> 01:15:37,200
world notes while senior 
inspector, Paradox maintained an

1458
01:15:37,200 --> 01:15:40,700
expression of professional. 
Skepticism directed temporal, 

1459
01:15:40,700 --> 01:15:43,100
however, was studying the 
research wall with the sort of 

1460
01:15:43,100 --> 01:15:45,700
intense Focus that suggested she
was seeing something. 

1461
01:15:45,700 --> 01:15:48,500
She had an expected This is 
unprecedented. 

1462
01:15:48,500 --> 01:15:52,400
She said finally cross temporal 
knowledge synthesis on this 

1463
01:15:52,400 --> 01:15:54,400
scale. 
The implications are 

1464
01:15:54,408 --> 01:15:57,200
extraordinary. 
The implications are what we 

1465
01:15:57,200 --> 01:15:59,000
live with every day. 
Glad I said, cheerfully 

1466
01:15:59,000 --> 01:16:01,700
appearing with the tray of 
Refreshments that somehow 

1467
01:16:01,700 --> 01:16:04,100
managed to appear to taste 
preferences from across the 

1468
01:16:04,100 --> 01:16:06,600
centuries. 
Turns out when you stop worrying

1469
01:16:06,600 --> 01:16:09,400
about the implications and start
focusing on the practicalities 

1470
01:16:09,400 --> 01:16:13,300
most problems solved. the tour 
continued through the afternoon,

1471
01:16:13,300 --> 01:16:16,500
with the delegation, observing 
everything, from Marcus's 

1472
01:16:16,500 --> 01:16:19,500
conflict, resolution sessions, 
which involve more shouting, the

1473
01:16:19,500 --> 01:16:23,100
Margaret's comfortable with that
seem to work, Tonight's 

1474
01:16:23,100 --> 01:16:25,700
engineering workshops which had 
produced in innovations that 

1475
01:16:25,700 --> 01:16:27,600
probably shouldn't have been 
possible with available 

1476
01:16:27,600 --> 01:16:30,400
materials. 
However, Margaret was aware that

1477
01:16:30,400 --> 01:16:33,100
the evening Feast would 
determine the success or failure

1478
01:16:33,100 --> 01:16:36,000
of their argument. 
As the community gathered around

1479
01:16:36,000 --> 01:16:39,000
tables that have been by 
combining Roman construction 

1480
01:16:39,000 --> 01:16:42,100
techniques with Victoria and 
craftsmanship and a modern 

1481
01:16:42,108 --> 01:16:45,200
ergonomic Prince of polls. 
She watched the delegation of 

1482
01:16:45,200 --> 01:16:47,700
observe something that couldn't 
be documented or measured. 

1483
01:16:47,700 --> 01:16:52,200
The simple fact that their 
Community was genuinely happy, I

1484
01:16:52,200 --> 01:16:55,000
have a question to temporal said
as the meal wound down. 

1485
01:16:55,000 --> 01:16:57,000
What happens when someone wants 
to leave? 

1486
01:16:58,200 --> 01:17:01,200
The question lingered in the 
air, the kin to an uncomfortable

1487
01:17:01,200 --> 01:17:03,700
truth. 
That everyone had been evading. 

1488
01:17:04,500 --> 01:17:06,800
Margaret felt her stomach 
clenched because this was the 

1489
01:17:06,800 --> 01:17:09,500
one aspect of their Community, 
they hadn't fully addressed. 

1490
01:17:10,300 --> 01:17:13,600
Well, Thomas said slowly that's 
rather complicated. 

1491
01:17:13,600 --> 01:17:17,400
We haven't actually figured out 
how to leave even if someone 

1492
01:17:17,400 --> 01:17:20,700
wanted to. 
But would you Inspector Calls a 

1493
01:17:20,700 --> 01:17:22,300
Letty? 
Art want to leave. 

1494
01:17:22,300 --> 01:17:26,300
I mean, if you could Margaret 
looked around the table at 

1495
01:17:26,300 --> 01:17:28,900
faces, that had become more 
familiar to her than her family.

1496
01:17:28,900 --> 01:17:32,300
These people had become her 
colleagues, her friends, her 

1497
01:17:32,300 --> 01:17:35,600
chosen community, and a way that
her old life had never provided 

1498
01:17:36,600 --> 01:17:39,500
I think she said carefully. 
That's the wrong question. 

1499
01:17:39,500 --> 01:17:43,100
The right question is, would we 
want to go back to the lives? 

1500
01:17:43,100 --> 01:17:44,500
We were living before. 
We came here. 

1501
01:17:45,600 --> 01:17:48,700
And the answer to that question 
directed temporal asked Margaret

1502
01:17:48,700 --> 01:17:50,300
smiled. 
Ask me tomorrow. 

1503
01:17:50,300 --> 01:17:53,300
The temporal authorities 
decision came in the form of an 

1504
01:17:53,300 --> 01:17:55,600
official Proclamation. 
That somehow managed to be both 

1505
01:17:55,600 --> 01:17:58,300
bureaucratically precise and 
genuinely revolutionary. 

1506
01:17:59,900 --> 01:18:03,000
Chronos Commons was granted 
experimental status as the first

1507
01:18:03,000 --> 01:18:05,700
authorized cross Temple 
Community Development project 

1508
01:18:05,700 --> 01:18:10,100
with funding legal recognition 
and most importantly official 

1509
01:18:10,100 --> 01:18:13,600
permission to continue existing.
Congratulations. 

1510
01:18:13,600 --> 01:18:16,100
Director. 
Temporal said, presenting 

1511
01:18:16,100 --> 01:18:18,700
Margaret with a document that 
looked like a medieval Charter 

1512
01:18:18,700 --> 01:18:21,800
but contained Clauses about 
Innovative, temporal integration

1513
01:18:21,800 --> 01:18:25,300
methodologies and sustainable 
anachronistic Community 

1514
01:18:25,300 --> 01:18:27,800
planning. 
You've accidentally sold a 

1515
01:18:27,800 --> 01:18:29,100
problem. 
We've been working on for 

1516
01:18:29,100 --> 01:18:31,800
centuries. 
We've accidentally sold several 

1517
01:18:31,800 --> 01:18:34,600
problems. 
Veronik corrected temporal 

1518
01:18:34,600 --> 01:18:37,200
displacement, cross-cultural 
integration, sustainable 

1519
01:18:37,200 --> 01:18:40,000
Community Development, and 
Margaret's midlife crisis. 

1520
01:18:40,900 --> 01:18:43,700
Margaret laughed because it was 
true somewhere between 

1521
01:18:43,700 --> 01:18:46,800
organizing emergency committee 
meetings and negotiating with 

1522
01:18:46,800 --> 01:18:49,500
temporal bureaucrats. 
She had discovered that her 

1523
01:18:49,500 --> 01:18:53,200
midlife crisis hadn't been about
her age or her circumstances in 

1524
01:18:53,200 --> 01:18:54,900
have been about the fact that 
she hadn't been living a life 

1525
01:18:54,908 --> 01:18:58,400
that felt like her own. 
So what happens now she asked? 

1526
01:18:59,200 --> 01:19:02,500
Now directed Temple said, you 
become a model for other 

1527
01:19:02,500 --> 01:19:04,700
temporal. 
Displacement, situations will be

1528
01:19:04,708 --> 01:19:07,600
sending observers researchers 
and probably a few more 

1529
01:19:07,600 --> 01:19:10,400
accidental Time, Travelers your 
way you're going to be busy. 

1530
01:19:11,500 --> 01:19:14,700
We're already busy Gladys 
pointed out the good at busy. 

1531
01:19:14,700 --> 01:19:17,400
Busy is what happens when you're
doing something that matters. 

1532
01:19:18,900 --> 01:19:21,500
As the temporal Authority 
delegation prepared to leave 

1533
01:19:21,500 --> 01:19:24,400
inspector Kronos approached 
Margaret privately. 

1534
01:19:24,400 --> 01:19:26,900
I've submitted a request for 
reassignment. 

1535
01:19:26,900 --> 01:19:30,100
She said, I'd like to stay here 
as a permanent liaison between 

1536
01:19:30,100 --> 01:19:33,300
the community and the authority.
Why do you want to be 

1537
01:19:33,300 --> 01:19:35,600
reassigned? 
Margaret asked, though. 

1538
01:19:35,600 --> 01:19:37,800
She suspected. 
She knew the answer because For 

1539
01:19:37,800 --> 01:19:40,400
the First Time in decades, I'm 
engaged in work that feels 

1540
01:19:40,400 --> 01:19:44,400
significant inspector, Kronos 
stated plainly and because 

1541
01:19:44,400 --> 01:19:46,600
someone needs to document what 
your accomplishing here. 

1542
01:19:46,600 --> 01:19:50,300
Future temporal communities are 
going to need guidance, and 

1543
01:19:50,300 --> 01:19:52,000
you've already figured out most 
of the answers. 

1544
01:19:53,000 --> 01:19:55,100
Margaret nodded. 
We'll need help with the 

1545
01:19:55,108 --> 01:19:55,900
paperwork. 
Anyway. 

1546
01:19:55,900 --> 01:19:59,500
Temporal bureaucracy is even 
more complicated than regular 

1547
01:19:59,500 --> 01:20:03,100
bureaucracy. 
That evening as the community 

1548
01:20:03,100 --> 01:20:05,900
gathered for what had become 
their traditional end of day 

1549
01:20:05,900 --> 01:20:07,900
meeting. 
Margaret reflected, on the 

1550
01:20:07,900 --> 01:20:09,700
strange Journey that had brought
her here. 

1551
01:20:09,700 --> 01:20:12,900
Six months ago, she had been 
living a life that felt too 

1552
01:20:12,900 --> 01:20:16,400
small to predictable and too 
much like settling for less than

1553
01:20:16,400 --> 01:20:19,000
she deserved. 
Now, she was helping to Pioneer 

1554
01:20:19,000 --> 01:20:22,200
a new form of human community, 
that existed outside normal time

1555
01:20:22,200 --> 01:20:26,100
and space. 
Any regrets sister Agatha asked 

1556
01:20:26,100 --> 01:20:29,900
settling into the chair beside 
her Margaret considered the 

1557
01:20:29,900 --> 01:20:32,900
question seriously. 
Did she miss her old life? 

1558
01:20:32,900 --> 01:20:35,800
Did she miss her house her job 
her routine? 

1559
01:20:35,800 --> 01:20:38,900
Or did she miss the person? 
She had been when those things 

1560
01:20:38,900 --> 01:20:41,500
had felt like enough. 
I missed my cat. 

1561
01:20:41,500 --> 01:20:45,400
She said finally cats are 
adaptable if he could see me 

1562
01:20:45,400 --> 01:20:48,300
now, he'd probably approve. 
He always thought I was capable 

1563
01:20:48,300 --> 01:20:51,700
of more than I believed. 
Cats are excellent judges of 

1564
01:20:51,700 --> 01:20:53,000
character. 
Tom's agreed. 

1565
01:20:53,000 --> 01:20:57,400
They see potential that humans 
often miss Speaking of potential

1566
01:20:57,400 --> 01:21:00,200
Veronica said what do we want to
be when we grow up? 

1567
01:21:00,200 --> 01:21:03,300
Now that we're officially 
experimental we get to decide 

1568
01:21:03,300 --> 01:21:06,100
what we're experimenting. 
With the questions, spark the 

1569
01:21:06,100 --> 01:21:08,600
sort of enthusiastic discussion 
that Margaret had learned to 

1570
01:21:08,600 --> 01:21:11,400
associate with her new community
ideas. 

1571
01:21:11,400 --> 01:21:14,800
Flew around the room like 
butterflies establishing a 

1572
01:21:14,800 --> 01:21:18,000
university for cross-temporal 
studies, developing sustainable 

1573
01:21:18,000 --> 01:21:20,600
technologies that combined 
Knowledge from multiple time 

1574
01:21:20,600 --> 01:21:23,100
periods. 
Creating artistic collaborations

1575
01:21:23,100 --> 01:21:25,700
that had never been possible 
before and writing the 

1576
01:21:25,700 --> 01:21:29,500
definitive guide to temporal 
Community planning We could 

1577
01:21:29,500 --> 01:21:32,300
change how people think about 
time itself, Nigel suggested. 

1578
01:21:33,200 --> 01:21:36,500
Demonstrate the past present and
future Arts separate things. 

1579
01:21:37,500 --> 01:21:39,900
They're different perspectives 
on the same Human Experience. 

1580
01:21:41,100 --> 01:21:43,100
We could revolutionize 
historical research. 

1581
01:21:44,400 --> 01:21:46,400
Sister added. 
Imagine what we could learn. 

1582
01:21:46,400 --> 01:21:49,000
If historians could actually 
talk to the people, they study. 

1583
01:21:50,300 --> 01:21:54,000
We could perfect democracy or 
Thomas said with the enthusiasm 

1584
01:21:54,000 --> 01:21:56,300
of someone who had spent 
centuries thinking about 

1585
01:21:56,300 --> 01:22:00,100
political Theory. 
Test different approaches with 

1586
01:22:00,100 --> 01:22:02,000
people who have lived under 
different systems. 

1587
01:22:02,000 --> 01:22:04,900
We could just keep being 
ourselves and see what happens 

1588
01:22:04,900 --> 01:22:08,700
Gladys said pragmatically in my 
experience the best, 

1589
01:22:08,700 --> 01:22:11,800
revolution's of the ones that 
happen naturally because people 

1590
01:22:11,800 --> 01:22:15,900
are living their lives. 
They want to live Margaret 

1591
01:22:15,900 --> 01:22:18,700
listen to the conversation swirl
around her and felt something 

1592
01:22:18,700 --> 01:22:20,100
she had never experienced 
before. 

1593
01:22:20,100 --> 01:22:24,000
Complete certainty that she was 
precisely where she belonged 

1594
01:22:24,000 --> 01:22:27,800
doing exactly what she was meant
to do with exactly the people. 

1595
01:22:27,800 --> 01:22:32,000
She was meant to do it with I 
have a proposal she said in the 

1596
01:22:32,008 --> 01:22:35,500
room quieted to listen, what if 
we stopped defining ourselves 

1597
01:22:35,500 --> 01:22:39,400
and just become who we want to 
be, we're not just a temporal 

1598
01:22:39,400 --> 01:22:42,300
Community or an experimental 
project or an accidental 

1599
01:22:42,300 --> 01:22:45,500
Revolution where people who 
found each other across time and

1600
01:22:45,500 --> 01:22:47,700
space and decided to build 
something beautiful together. 

1601
01:22:49,500 --> 01:22:53,400
Said, Marcus are proving is the 
sort of proposal that wins Wars.

1602
01:22:54,600 --> 01:22:58,000
Are we at War Inspector Calls? 
Ality asked looking alarmed? 

1603
01:22:58,700 --> 01:23:01,300
We're at war with the idea that 
people have to accept the lives.

1604
01:23:01,300 --> 01:23:03,600
They give and instead of 
creating the lives, they want 

1605
01:23:03,600 --> 01:23:07,400
Margaret said, We're at war with
the notion that different is 

1606
01:23:07,400 --> 01:23:10,800
dangerous, instead of wonderful.
The belief that the future must 

1607
01:23:10,800 --> 01:23:14,300
mirror the past simply because 
it's, the norm is what we're 

1608
01:23:14,300 --> 01:23:19,300
fighting against revolutionary 
Wars are the best kind of rocker

1609
01:23:19,300 --> 01:23:22,200
said with satisfaction. 
The specialty when you win the 

1610
01:23:22,200 --> 01:23:25,400
fight accident, Is the meeting 
wound down. 

1611
01:23:25,400 --> 01:23:27,400
And people began drifting back 
to their homes. 

1612
01:23:27,400 --> 01:23:30,100
Holmes, that had been built by 
combining architectural 

1613
01:23:30,100 --> 01:23:31,900
Knowledge from across the 
centuries. 

1614
01:23:31,900 --> 01:23:34,900
Decorated with art created 
through cross-temporal 

1615
01:23:34,900 --> 01:23:38,200
collaboration and filled with 
the sort of contentment that 

1616
01:23:38,200 --> 01:23:41,700
came from living in a community 
where everyone belonged Margaret

1617
01:23:41,700 --> 01:23:44,400
stepped outside to look up at 
stars that had witnessed all of 

1618
01:23:44,400 --> 01:23:46,800
human history. 
Tomorrow would bring new 

1619
01:23:46,800 --> 01:23:50,700
challenges, new visitors and new
opportunities to prove that they

1620
01:23:50,700 --> 01:23:52,500
accidentally experiment and 
temporal Community. 

1621
01:23:52,500 --> 01:23:55,600
Building could work on a larger 
scale, there would be more 

1622
01:23:55,600 --> 01:23:59,300
paperwork, more bureaucracy and 
more negotiations with 

1623
01:23:59,300 --> 01:24:02,100
authorities who still weren't 
entirely convinced that rules 

1624
01:24:02,100 --> 01:24:06,100
were meant to be broken. 
But tonight Margaret was simply 

1625
01:24:06,100 --> 01:24:08,800
a woman who had accidentally 
time traveled into the best 

1626
01:24:08,800 --> 01:24:10,200
life. 
She'd never imagined living 

1627
01:24:10,200 --> 01:24:13,900
surrounded by friends, she had 
never expected to make working 

1628
01:24:13,900 --> 01:24:16,600
on projects that mattered in 
ways she was still discovering. 

1629
01:24:17,800 --> 01:24:20,400
She thought about the other 
version of herself living in her

1630
01:24:20,400 --> 01:24:23,700
old house working at her old 
job, probably wondering why life

1631
01:24:23,700 --> 01:24:26,800
felt so unsatisfying. 
Margaret had been waiting 

1632
01:24:26,800 --> 01:24:28,700
approval to pursue her desired 
life. 

1633
01:24:29,600 --> 01:24:31,200
This Margaret had learned that 
sometimes. 

1634
01:24:31,200 --> 01:24:34,500
The best thing you can do is 
stop waiting for permission and 

1635
01:24:34,500 --> 01:24:36,100
start creating the life you 
deserve. 

1636
01:24:37,800 --> 01:24:40,900
Stars looked exactly the same as
they had in her time, which 

1637
01:24:40,900 --> 01:24:43,100
somehow made everything else 
feel possible. 

1638
01:24:43,900 --> 01:24:45,800
Time was more flexible than 
anyone had. 

1639
01:24:45,800 --> 01:24:48,700
Imagined Community was more 
important than anyone had 

1640
01:24:48,700 --> 01:24:51,000
realized and revolution could 
happen. 

1641
01:24:51,000 --> 01:24:54,300
Accidentally, when people simply
decided to treat each other with

1642
01:24:54,300 --> 01:24:57,000
kindness and respect across the 
barriers that were supposed to 

1643
01:24:57,008 --> 01:25:00,700
divide them Margaret smiled and 
went inside to help glad his 

1644
01:25:00,708 --> 01:25:03,600
plan tomorrow's menu because 
even accidental, revolutionaries

1645
01:25:03,600 --> 01:25:06,700
had to eat and someone needed to
coordinate the logistics of 

1646
01:25:06,700 --> 01:25:10,600
changing the world on shared 
Mueller's time after all she was

1647
01:25:10,608 --> 01:25:14,200
still alive at heart. 
And Librarians understood that 

1648
01:25:14,200 --> 01:25:16,200
the most important revolution's 
were the ones that happened. 

1649
01:25:16,200 --> 01:25:19,700
Quietly, one person has to time 
through the simple Act of 

1650
01:25:19,708 --> 01:25:22,800
helping people find exactly what
they were looking for even when 

1651
01:25:22,800 --> 01:25:24,100
they hadn't known they were 
looking for it. 

1652
01:25:30,200 --> 01:25:33,200
Picture. 
If you will the year 1564 in 

1653
01:25:33,200 --> 01:25:36,500
stratford-upon-avon Where the 
River Avon meanders like a 

1654
01:25:36,500 --> 01:25:40,100
drunken playwright searching for
his next line here in a Timber 

1655
01:25:40,100 --> 01:25:43,200
framed house that creaks like 
old bones young, William 

1656
01:25:43,200 --> 01:25:46,200
Shakespeare draws his first 
breath into a world that will 

1657
01:25:46,200 --> 01:25:48,900
spend the next four. 
Centuries arguing about whether 

1658
01:25:48,900 --> 01:25:52,700
he actually existed. 
The irony dear listeners is that

1659
01:25:52,700 --> 01:25:54,400
existing was precisely his 
problem. 

1660
01:25:54,400 --> 01:25:58,300
Born to John Shakespeare, A 
Glover, whose hands shaped 

1661
01:25:58,300 --> 01:26:01,600
leather, but whose dreams shaped
disappointment, William 

1662
01:26:01,600 --> 01:26:05,200
inherited more than just his 
father's trade aspirations, he 

1663
01:26:05,200 --> 01:26:07,800
inherited, the crushing weight 
of middle-class respectability 

1664
01:26:07,800 --> 01:26:10,400
in an age. 
When stepping outside, your 

1665
01:26:10,400 --> 01:26:14,300
designated social box was like 
performing Hamlet without a 

1666
01:26:14,300 --> 01:26:16,800
script. 
John UC wasn't content with 

1667
01:26:16,800 --> 01:26:20,300
merely crafting gloves. 
He harbored, Municipal Ambitions

1668
01:26:20,300 --> 01:26:23,500
becoming an Alderman and 
eventually bailiff of Stratford 

1669
01:26:24,600 --> 01:26:27,000
Success, however, proved a 
slippery as wet leather. 

1670
01:26:27,000 --> 01:26:30,100
And by the time young will 
reached out lessons, the 

1671
01:26:30,100 --> 01:26:33,100
family's fortunes a tumbled fast
at the poorly, rehearsed death 

1672
01:26:33,100 --> 01:26:36,500
scene, the Shakespeare household
echoed with the peculiar 

1673
01:26:36,500 --> 01:26:39,900
attention of Fallen gentility, 
that special kind of misery 

1674
01:26:39,900 --> 01:26:42,400
reserved for families who 
remember better times while 

1675
01:26:42,400 --> 01:26:45,900
counting their remaining coins 
John's financial troubles 

1676
01:26:45,900 --> 01:26:49,800
weren't merely about money. 
They were about identity and 

1677
01:26:49,800 --> 01:26:51,700
Elizabethan England. 
You're worth was measured not 

1678
01:26:51,700 --> 01:26:55,400
just by your purse, but by your 
position and John's declining 

1679
01:26:55,400 --> 01:26:58,600
fortunes meant the family name. 
Carried the particular stigma of

1680
01:26:58,600 --> 01:27:01,800
ambitious failure, young William
blessed with what? 

1681
01:27:01,800 --> 01:27:04,800
We now recognize as genius but 
what his contemporaries might 

1682
01:27:04,800 --> 01:27:07,600
have called Dangerous 
imagination found himself 

1683
01:27:07,600 --> 01:27:09,300
trapped between his father's 
expectations. 

1684
01:27:09,300 --> 01:27:12,600
And his own impossible Dreams, 
grammar school, provided him 

1685
01:27:12,600 --> 01:27:15,400
with Latin rhetoric and a 
dangerous Taste of stories that 

1686
01:27:15,400 --> 01:27:18,000
transported him far beyond 
Stratford suffocating 

1687
01:27:18,000 --> 01:27:20,300
boundaries. 
However, the Dual nature of 

1688
01:27:20,300 --> 01:27:23,900
Education, only served to stifle
his provincial life, akin to 

1689
01:27:23,900 --> 01:27:26,400
attempting to encapsulate the 
vastness of the ocean. 

1690
01:27:26,400 --> 01:27:31,100
Within a tiny teacup. the boy 
who had become England's 

1691
01:27:31,100 --> 01:27:33,700
greatest writer, spent his 
formative years watching his 

1692
01:27:33,700 --> 01:27:36,500
father's dreams crumble while 
his own grew increasingly 

1693
01:27:36,500 --> 01:27:41,000
impossible, In a society where 
most people died within 20 miles

1694
01:27:41,000 --> 01:27:44,000
of where they were born 
William's imagination roamed 

1695
01:27:44,000 --> 01:27:48,000
freely through the ancient Rome,
mythical Athens and magical 

1696
01:27:48,000 --> 01:27:52,300
islands that existed nowhere. 
But in his Restless mind, This 

1697
01:27:52,300 --> 01:27:54,600
disconnect between inner 
vastness and outer limitation 

1698
01:27:54,600 --> 01:27:56,000
would haunt him throughout his 
life. 

1699
01:27:56,000 --> 01:27:58,900
The eternal struggle of the 
artist born into the wrong 

1700
01:27:58,900 --> 01:28:03,500
circumstances but perhaps most 
cruelty young Shakespeare 

1701
01:28:03,500 --> 01:28:07,600
possess, something that made his
situation unbearable Talent, his

1702
01:28:07,600 --> 01:28:10,000
talent was not the comfortable 
mediocrity. 

1703
01:28:10,000 --> 01:28:12,300
That would have enabled him to 
follow his father's trade with 

1704
01:28:12,300 --> 01:28:16,000
contentment. 
But a blazing undeniable gift 

1705
01:28:16,000 --> 01:28:18,700
that made ordinary life. 
Feel like wearing clothes, 

1706
01:28:18,700 --> 01:28:22,000
several sizes to small. 
He could see the Poetry in every

1707
01:28:22,008 --> 01:28:26,000
day speech, hear the music in 
casual conversation and feel the

1708
01:28:26,000 --> 01:28:28,600
dramatic potential in the 
mundane interactions of 

1709
01:28:28,600 --> 01:28:32,800
provincial life. 
This sensitivity, this capacity 

1710
01:28:32,800 --> 01:28:36,600
to elevate the ordinary to the 
extraordinary served as both, 

1711
01:28:36,600 --> 01:28:39,000
his greatest gift, and his most 
enduring curse. 

1712
01:28:40,000 --> 01:28:42,600
The Stratford of Shakespeare's 
youth was a place where dreams 

1713
01:28:42,600 --> 01:28:46,500
were luxuries, few could afford 
Market Days, brought temporary 

1714
01:28:46,500 --> 01:28:49,600
excitement, travelling players, 
occasionally provided glimpses 

1715
01:28:49,600 --> 01:28:52,900
of The Wider world but mostly 
life moved with the inexorable 

1716
01:28:52,900 --> 01:28:55,600
rhythm of seasonal, Agriculture 
and traditional expectations. 

1717
01:28:55,600 --> 01:28:59,500
For most residents this 
predictability provided comfort 

1718
01:28:59,500 --> 01:29:01,900
for young. 
William, it felt like a gradual 

1719
01:29:01,900 --> 01:29:04,400
Suffocation. 
He was born into a cup of 

1720
01:29:04,408 --> 01:29:07,600
contented chickens and everyone 
wondered why he couldn't simply 

1721
01:29:07,600 --> 01:29:10,700
be satisfied with the available 
seeds at 18. 

1722
01:29:10,700 --> 01:29:14,200
Our future Bard found himself in
snared in life's most common 

1723
01:29:14,200 --> 01:29:19,000
Trap by ology and Hathaway. 8 
years is senior and already 

1724
01:29:19,000 --> 01:29:21,900
showing signs of their 
impending, child represented, 

1725
01:29:21,900 --> 01:29:24,200
both salvation and imprisonment 
for young Shakespeare. 

1726
01:29:24,200 --> 01:29:28,700
The marriage hastily arranged in
November 1582 solved. 

1727
01:29:28,700 --> 01:29:31,800
One immediate problem while 
creating a dozen others like 

1728
01:29:31,800 --> 01:29:35,300
using a beautiful bandage to 
cover a gaping wound and 

1729
01:29:35,300 --> 01:29:38,500
daughter of a prosperous 
shottery farmer brought to the 

1730
01:29:38,500 --> 01:29:42,400
union, everything William Lacked
maturity, practical knowledge 

1731
01:29:42,400 --> 01:29:45,700
and the grounding influence of 
someone who understood that life

1732
01:29:45,700 --> 01:29:48,200
required more than pretty words 
and soaring imagination. 

1733
01:29:49,200 --> 01:29:52,700
She also brought pregnancy, 
which in Elizabethan England. 

1734
01:29:52,700 --> 01:29:56,100
Meant marriage wasn't a choice 
but a moral imperative wrapped 

1735
01:29:56,100 --> 01:29:58,600
in social necessity. 
The wedding conducted with 

1736
01:29:58,600 --> 01:30:02,200
unseemly, haste, whispered of 
Scandal in a society where 

1737
01:30:02,200 --> 01:30:06,300
reputation was currency and 
shame was bankruptcy within two 

1738
01:30:06,300 --> 01:30:08,200
years. 
The couple had three children, 

1739
01:30:08,200 --> 01:30:11,600
Suzanna followed by twins Hamlet
and Judith. 

1740
01:30:12,300 --> 01:30:14,900
Suddenly the dreamy young man 
who had spent his youth 

1741
01:30:14,900 --> 01:30:18,200
crafting, sonnets in his head 
found himself responsible for 

1742
01:30:18,200 --> 01:30:22,200
four, mouths to feed and a 
household to maintain fatherhood

1743
01:30:22,200 --> 01:30:24,900
that magnificent. 
Destroyer of our artistic, 

1744
01:30:24,900 --> 01:30:28,100
potentials descended upon 
Shakespeare, like a plague of 

1745
01:30:28,100 --> 01:30:32,100
locusts consuming his time 
energy and the luxury of 

1746
01:30:32,100 --> 01:30:35,500
self-contemplation The irony was
Exquisite. 

1747
01:30:35,500 --> 01:30:38,400
The man who had write the most 
psychologically complex 

1748
01:30:38,400 --> 01:30:41,000
characters in literature, found 
himself, trapped in the most 

1749
01:30:41,000 --> 01:30:43,700
conventional of plots. 
Morning, brought not 

1750
01:30:43,700 --> 01:30:45,600
inspiration. 
That the demands of crying 

1751
01:30:45,600 --> 01:30:48,700
babies evening. 
Arrived with exhaustion in stead

1752
01:30:48,700 --> 01:30:51,700
of Creative Energy and the night
hours that should have belonged 

1753
01:30:51,700 --> 01:30:54,600
to his Muse, were claimed by the
basic requirements of survival, 

1754
01:30:54,600 --> 01:30:59,000
and practical and patient manage
the household with competent 

1755
01:30:59,000 --> 01:31:01,200
efficiency. 
While William struggled to 

1756
01:31:01,200 --> 01:31:04,600
reconcile, his soaring Ambitions
with the grinding reality of 

1757
01:31:04,600 --> 01:31:09,400
domestic responsibility. 
Money that Eternal antagonist in

1758
01:31:09,400 --> 01:31:12,500
the drama of artistic 
aspiration, became an obsessive 

1759
01:31:12,500 --> 01:31:16,400
concern teaching his most 
obvious career path, offered 

1760
01:31:16,400 --> 01:31:19,800
meager compensation. 
And a soul-crushing routine, the

1761
01:31:19,800 --> 01:31:22,700
law and other possibility 
required connections and 

1762
01:31:22,700 --> 01:31:25,300
capital. 
He didn't possess His father's 

1763
01:31:25,300 --> 01:31:27,900
glove making trade promised, 
steady, income, and social 

1764
01:31:27,900 --> 01:31:31,400
respectability, but the thought 
of spending his days shaping 

1765
01:31:31,400 --> 01:31:34,500
leather while his imagination 
withered felt like creative 

1766
01:31:34,500 --> 01:31:37,200
suicide. 
The young father found himself 

1767
01:31:37,200 --> 01:31:39,500
caught in the classic. 
Vine of the dreamer made 

1768
01:31:39,500 --> 01:31:42,900
practical every moment spent 
earning money was time. 

1769
01:31:42,900 --> 01:31:47,100
Stolen from his art yet without 
money, his family would starve 

1770
01:31:47,100 --> 01:31:50,800
and his dreams would become 
irrelevant luxuries and growing 

1771
01:31:50,800 --> 01:31:52,700
more practical with each passing
day. 

1772
01:31:52,700 --> 01:31:55,400
Began to view her husband's 
artistic inclination with the 

1773
01:31:55,400 --> 01:31:58,700
barely concealed in patients of 
someone who understood that. 

1774
01:31:58,700 --> 01:32:04,000
Poetry didn't pay rent, or put 
food on the table Stratford once

1775
01:32:04,000 --> 01:32:08,300
merely confining now felt like a
velvet Line Coffee But familiar 

1776
01:32:08,300 --> 01:32:10,300
streets, that had nurtured, his 
Boyhood imagination. 

1777
01:32:10,300 --> 01:32:12,100
Now, seemed to mock his trap 
conditional. 

1778
01:32:12,100 --> 01:32:16,500
He knew every face every story, 
every possibility for 

1779
01:32:16,500 --> 01:32:19,000
advancement. 
And none of them included, 

1780
01:32:19,000 --> 01:32:21,200
becoming the greatest writer in 
the English language. 

1781
01:32:22,300 --> 01:32:24,700
The provinces he was learning 
were designed for raising 

1782
01:32:24,700 --> 01:32:27,700
families and maintaining 
Traditions not for nurturing 

1783
01:32:27,700 --> 01:32:30,800
revolutionary genius. 
Yet amid this domestic 

1784
01:32:30,800 --> 01:32:33,900
imprisonment something 
unexpected began to emerge. 

1785
01:32:34,700 --> 01:32:36,900
The very constraints that seemed
to strangle. 

1786
01:32:36,900 --> 01:32:39,300
His creativity began to teach 
him about human nature. 

1787
01:32:39,300 --> 01:32:42,900
In ways his Bachelor, Freedom 
never could Watching his wife 

1788
01:32:42,900 --> 01:32:46,200
manage, their household, 
observing his children, develop 

1789
01:32:46,200 --> 01:32:49,000
their distinct personalities and
struggling with the daily 

1790
01:32:49,000 --> 01:32:52,300
negotiations of marriage 
provided him with insights into 

1791
01:32:52,300 --> 01:32:55,300
character and demotivation that 
would later inform his greatest 

1792
01:32:55,300 --> 01:32:58,100
works. 
Forced to live among understand 

1793
01:32:58,100 --> 01:33:01,400
and depend upon real people. 
He was learning to write about 

1794
01:33:01,400 --> 01:33:04,600
them between 1585 and 15092, 
William. 

1795
01:33:04,600 --> 01:33:07,000
Shakespeare vanished from 
historical record like a 

1796
01:33:07,000 --> 01:33:09,600
magician's assistant stepping 
behind a curtain leaving 

1797
01:33:09,600 --> 01:33:11,900
Scholars to debate his 
Warehouse, with the further of 

1798
01:33:11,908 --> 01:33:16,000
theologians arguing about angels
and pinheads these Lost Years 

1799
01:33:16,000 --> 01:33:18,500
represent. 
Perhaps the most crucial period 

1800
01:33:18,500 --> 01:33:21,300
of his development. 
When the provincial Family, Man,

1801
01:33:21,300 --> 01:33:23,900
somehow transformed into 
London's most promising, 

1802
01:33:23,900 --> 01:33:27,400
playwright The Transformations. 
However, came at a cost that 

1803
01:33:27,400 --> 01:33:29,400
would echo through every 
subsequent trial. 

1804
01:33:30,300 --> 01:33:33,300
The decision to leave Stratford 
required, courage that bordered 

1805
01:33:33,300 --> 01:33:37,000
on Madness. 
In the 1580s, London was a 

1806
01:33:37,000 --> 01:33:40,500
tumultuous mix of ambition 
disease, creativity and 

1807
01:33:40,500 --> 01:33:43,900
violence, the city, where people
made and lost fortunes on a 

1808
01:33:43,900 --> 01:33:47,800
daily basis, where Geniuses and 
charlatans interacted and where 

1809
01:33:47,800 --> 01:33:50,500
the difference between success 
and destitution was measured in 

1810
01:33:50,500 --> 01:33:53,200
single performances for a 
married man. 

1811
01:33:53,200 --> 01:33:56,600
With three children, abandoning 
the security of provincial life 

1812
01:33:56,600 --> 01:33:58,100
for the uncertainties of the 
theater. 

1813
01:33:58,100 --> 01:34:01,100
World wasn't a romantic 
adventure, it was a potential 

1814
01:34:01,100 --> 01:34:04,400
catastrophe yet. 
London's theatrical scene 

1815
01:34:04,400 --> 01:34:08,200
beckoned with irresistible 
Allure the playhouses the 

1816
01:34:08,200 --> 01:34:11,100
theater, the curtained one. 
And the rows were 

1817
01:34:11,100 --> 01:34:14,500
revolutionizing entertainment. 
Transforming drama from 

1818
01:34:14,500 --> 01:34:17,600
religious instruction into 
popular art here. 

1819
01:34:17,600 --> 01:34:19,800
Writers like Christopher 
Marlowe. 

1820
01:34:19,800 --> 01:34:23,000
The crafting place that made 
audience's gas with recognition 

1821
01:34:23,000 --> 01:34:26,800
and Terror while actors achieved
Fame that rivaled nobility. 

1822
01:34:27,700 --> 01:34:30,100
For Shakespeare whose 
imagination had been cramped by 

1823
01:34:30,100 --> 01:34:33,500
the Stratford's, limitations 
London's theaters represented, 

1824
01:34:33,500 --> 01:34:36,100
Liberation from everything that 
had constrained, his artistic 

1825
01:34:36,100 --> 01:34:38,900
development. 
The Practical challenges were 

1826
01:34:38,900 --> 01:34:42,900
staggering London's population 
had swollen to nearly 200,000 

1827
01:34:42,900 --> 01:34:46,100
making it one of Europe's 
largest cities and certainly its

1828
01:34:46,100 --> 01:34:48,800
most chaotic housing was scarce 
and expensive. 

1829
01:34:48,800 --> 01:34:52,300
Food was often contaminated and 
disease spread through crowded 

1830
01:34:52,300 --> 01:34:54,200
neighborhoods with devastating 
efficiency. 

1831
01:34:54,200 --> 01:34:57,700
The plague that recurring 
nightmare of Elizabethan life, 

1832
01:34:57,700 --> 01:35:00,500
could shut down theaters for 
months leaving actors and 

1833
01:35:00,500 --> 01:35:03,100
writers without income and 
audiences without entertainment.

1834
01:35:04,000 --> 01:35:07,200
Success required, not just 
talent but survival and survival

1835
01:35:07,200 --> 01:35:11,000
demanded adaptability that few 
possessed Shakespeare's entry 

1836
01:35:11,000 --> 01:35:13,800
into London's theatrical world 
like he began at the bottom. 

1837
01:35:13,800 --> 01:35:17,100
Perhaps as a prompter possibly 
as an actor, in minor role, 

1838
01:35:17,100 --> 01:35:20,800
certainly as someone willing to 
perform whatever tasks, kept him

1839
01:35:20,800 --> 01:35:23,900
near the Creative Energy, he 
craved He established 

1840
01:35:23,900 --> 01:35:27,800
playwrights University educated 
men like Marlowe, green and Nash

1841
01:35:27,800 --> 01:35:30,500
initially regarded. 
This provincial interlope with 

1842
01:35:30,500 --> 01:35:34,000
suspicion and condescension a 
possessed, classical education, 

1843
01:35:34,000 --> 01:35:37,700
Harris, Teeter connections and 
the intellectual arrogance that 

1844
01:35:37,700 --> 01:35:40,700
comes from believing oneself, 
naturally Superior to one's 

1845
01:35:40,700 --> 01:35:43,300
competitors. 
The famous attack by Robert 

1846
01:35:43,300 --> 01:35:46,800
Greene, calling, Shakespeare, 
and upstart Crow revealed. 

1847
01:35:46,800 --> 01:35:52,400
The complex social dynamics of 
Elizabethan theater Green dying 

1848
01:35:52,400 --> 01:35:54,600
in poverty, despite his 
university, education and 

1849
01:35:54,600 --> 01:35:58,300
literary reputation resented, 
Shakespeare's rapid rise through

1850
01:35:58,300 --> 01:36:00,100
sheer talent and Commercial 
Instinct. 

1851
01:36:00,100 --> 01:36:03,800
The insult, stung, not because 
it was unfair, but because it 

1852
01:36:03,800 --> 01:36:07,800
contained an uncomfortable 
truth, Shakespeare was indeed an

1853
01:36:07,800 --> 01:36:10,300
outsider someone who had 
achieved through Merit, what 

1854
01:36:10,300 --> 01:36:14,200
others claimed by Birthright. 
Yet this very Outsider status 

1855
01:36:14,200 --> 01:36:18,600
became Shakespeare's greatest 
advantage, while his university 

1856
01:36:18,600 --> 01:36:21,300
educated competitors wrote for 
their intellectual peers, 

1857
01:36:21,300 --> 01:36:24,000
Shakespeare, understood ordinary
audiences. 

1858
01:36:24,000 --> 01:36:27,400
Because he came from ordinary 
circumstances, he could craft 

1859
01:36:27,400 --> 01:36:29,800
entertainment that Satisfied by 
both Groundlings and 

1860
01:36:29,800 --> 01:36:33,200
Aristocrats, because he 
possessed the rare ability to 

1861
01:36:33,200 --> 01:36:35,300
see human nature. 
From multiple perspective, 

1862
01:36:35,300 --> 01:36:39,200
simultaneously, his provincial 
background rather than limiting 

1863
01:36:39,200 --> 01:36:42,700
his vision and Tim to observe 
and understand the full spectrum

1864
01:36:42,700 --> 01:36:45,600
of human behavior. 
The separation from his family, 

1865
01:36:45,600 --> 01:36:49,600
however, created wounds that 
never fully healed and the 

1866
01:36:49,600 --> 01:36:52,700
children remained in Stratford 
supported by what ever money 

1867
01:36:52,700 --> 01:36:55,400
William could send from London's
and certainly theatrical 

1868
01:36:55,400 --> 01:36:58,600
economy. 
Letters, traveled, slowly visits

1869
01:36:58,600 --> 01:37:01,600
were infrequent and the growing 
distance between husband and 

1870
01:37:01,600 --> 01:37:05,200
wife, extended far, beyond mere 
geography and was raising their 

1871
01:37:05,208 --> 01:37:07,000
children. 
Essentially, as a single mother 

1872
01:37:07,000 --> 01:37:09,000
while William was becoming 
someone. 

1873
01:37:09,000 --> 01:37:13,000
She barely recognized successful
celebrated, but increasingly 

1874
01:37:13,000 --> 01:37:15,500
foreign to the man. 
She had married London's 

1875
01:37:15,500 --> 01:37:18,400
theaters in the 1590s operated 
under constant threat of 

1876
01:37:18,400 --> 01:37:21,600
closure, not from artistic 
failure but from biological 

1877
01:37:21,600 --> 01:37:25,900
catastrophe, the plague that 
medieval Horsemen who refused to

1878
01:37:25,900 --> 01:37:28,700
acknowledge the Renaissance. 
Stalked, Elizabethan England, 

1879
01:37:28,700 --> 01:37:31,900
with particular, fondness for 
crowded spaces where people 

1880
01:37:31,900 --> 01:37:36,300
gathered for entertainment, When
death rates, climbed authorities

1881
01:37:36,300 --> 01:37:39,000
shuttered, playhouses faster 
than a negative review, could 

1882
01:37:39,000 --> 01:37:42,300
close a modern production 
leaving, everyone connected to 

1883
01:37:42,300 --> 01:37:45,200
the theater industry, suddenly 
unemployed and searching for 

1884
01:37:45,200 --> 01:37:48,200
alternative income. 
Shakespeare experience, these 

1885
01:37:48,200 --> 01:37:51,800
closures as artistic and 
financial disasters that tested 

1886
01:37:51,800 --> 01:37:53,400
his commitment to theatrical 
life. 

1887
01:37:53,400 --> 01:37:58,600
During the prolonged closure of 
1593 to 1594 when the plague 

1888
01:37:58,600 --> 01:38:01,700
killed over 10,000 londoners, he
turned to poetry as both the 

1889
01:38:01,700 --> 01:38:03,700
creative outlet and a potential 
income source. 

1890
01:38:04,600 --> 01:38:08,200
Venus and Adonis, his first 
published work came to the 

1891
01:38:08,200 --> 01:38:11,500
literary sensation of its time. 
Establishing his reputation, 

1892
01:38:11,500 --> 01:38:14,600
among educated readers who might
never have attended his plays 

1893
01:38:14,600 --> 01:38:18,400
yet success in poetry, while 
gratifying couldn't replace the 

1894
01:38:18,400 --> 01:38:20,300
immediate income and 
collaborative energy that 

1895
01:38:20,300 --> 01:38:24,800
theater provided Competitive 
landscape of Elizabethan drama 

1896
01:38:24,800 --> 01:38:28,200
was ruthlessly darwinian. 
Playwright stole plots 

1897
01:38:28,200 --> 01:38:31,000
characters and even entire 
speeches from each other. 

1898
01:38:31,000 --> 01:38:34,700
With casual efficiency, creating
an environment where originality

1899
01:38:34,700 --> 01:38:36,900
was less important than 
effective adaptation. 

1900
01:38:37,900 --> 01:38:40,600
Shakespeare, who would later be 
criticized for borrowing? 

1901
01:38:40,600 --> 01:38:43,600
Most of his plots, the simply 
following industry practice. 

1902
01:38:44,500 --> 01:38:47,000
The real challenge wasn't 
finding Source material. 

1903
01:38:47,000 --> 01:38:48,500
But transforming it into 
something? 

1904
01:38:48,500 --> 01:38:51,800
Commercially viable. 
And artistically, satisfying, 

1905
01:38:51,800 --> 01:38:55,800
the tasks required, not just 
literary skill, but practical 

1906
01:38:55,800 --> 01:38:58,700
understanding of what audiences 
wanted and actors could deliver.

1907
01:38:59,400 --> 01:39:03,000
Christopher Marlow's death in 
1593 removed Shakespeare's most 

1908
01:39:03,000 --> 01:39:06,300
formidable rival, while creating
a cautionary tale about the 

1909
01:39:06,300 --> 01:39:08,000
dangers of literary and 
ambition. 

1910
01:39:09,300 --> 01:39:13,000
Marlow who's plays like Dr. 
Faustus and Tamara Lane had 

1911
01:39:13,000 --> 01:39:16,200
redefined dramatic possibility. 
Died under mysterious 

1912
01:39:16,200 --> 01:39:19,400
circumstances involving 
government Stars, religious, 

1913
01:39:19,400 --> 01:39:23,500
controversy, and violence. 
His fate Illustrated the 

1914
01:39:23,500 --> 01:39:26,300
precarious position of writers 
who attracted both Fame and 

1915
01:39:26,300 --> 01:39:29,000
suspicion, particularly those 
whose Works challenge to 

1916
01:39:29,000 --> 01:39:31,600
established Authority or 
explored dangerous ideas. 

1917
01:39:32,600 --> 01:39:35,000
Shakespeare's response to 
Marlow's, death revealed, his 

1918
01:39:35,000 --> 01:39:38,600
practical wisdom rather than 
attempting to match Marlow's 

1919
01:39:38,600 --> 01:39:40,900
rebellious. 
Intensity he developed a more 

1920
01:39:40,900 --> 01:39:42,800
subtle approach. 
That allowed him to explore 

1921
01:39:42,800 --> 01:39:46,200
controversial themes without 
attracting fatal attention. 

1922
01:39:46,200 --> 01:39:49,600
His villains became 
psychologically complex rather 

1923
01:39:49,600 --> 01:39:53,000
than theologically dangerous and
his political commentary remains

1924
01:39:53,000 --> 01:39:57,200
sufficiently ambiguous to avoid 
treasonous interpretation This 

1925
01:39:57,200 --> 01:40:00,200
careful navigation between 
artistic ambition and personal 

1926
01:40:00,200 --> 01:40:02,900
safety, required constant, 
vigilance, and occasional 

1927
01:40:02,900 --> 01:40:05,200
artistic compromise, the 
formation of the Lord, 

1928
01:40:05,200 --> 01:40:08,400
Chamberlain's men in 1594 
provided Shakespeare, with the 

1929
01:40:08,400 --> 01:40:12,200
stability, he had been seeking 
since arriving, in London as 

1930
01:40:12,200 --> 01:40:14,600
both shareholder and Prince, 
Will playwright for the company.

1931
01:40:14,600 --> 01:40:17,900
He finally achieved the 
financial security that had 

1932
01:40:17,900 --> 01:40:19,200
alluded him throughout his 
youth. 

1933
01:40:20,000 --> 01:40:23,400
Yet, this security came with its
pressure's, the company needed, 

1934
01:40:23,400 --> 01:40:26,900
new plays regularly audiences 
expected, consistent quality, 

1935
01:40:26,900 --> 01:40:30,000
and competitors were all always 
ready to steal successful 

1936
01:40:30,000 --> 01:40:32,700
Innovations. 
Shakespeare found himself in 

1937
01:40:32,700 --> 01:40:35,700
snared in A Creative Cycle that 
required constant output. 

1938
01:40:35,700 --> 01:40:38,100
All the while upholding artistic
standards. 

1939
01:40:38,100 --> 01:40:41,400
The escalated with the beach 
trial the black, Friday's 

1940
01:40:41,400 --> 01:40:44,600
theater controversy of 1596 
demonstrated, how quickly 

1941
01:40:44,600 --> 01:40:48,500
theatrical success could become 
a political liability The 

1942
01:40:48,500 --> 01:40:50,900
company's attempt to establish 
an indoor theater in a 

1943
01:40:50,900 --> 01:40:53,600
fashionable neighborhood met 
Fierce resistance from residents

1944
01:40:53,600 --> 01:40:57,200
who considered actors morally 
contaminating influences, legal 

1945
01:40:57,200 --> 01:41:00,300
battles, and social criticism, 
reminded Shakespeare that 

1946
01:41:00,300 --> 01:41:03,200
despite his growing Fame and 
Fortune Society. 

1947
01:41:03,200 --> 01:41:05,600
Still regarded his professional 
with suspicion. 

1948
01:41:06,400 --> 01:41:09,200
You might write plays that 
entertained royalty, but he 

1949
01:41:09,200 --> 01:41:11,900
remained essentially, a 
glorified Vagabond in the eyes 

1950
01:41:11,900 --> 01:41:16,300
of respectable citizens personal
tragedy struck in 1596, with the

1951
01:41:16,300 --> 01:41:19,300
death of his son hamnet whose 
name would later echo through 

1952
01:41:19,300 --> 01:41:22,900
his father's greatest tragedy. 
The Lost devastated Shakespeare,

1953
01:41:22,900 --> 01:41:26,600
in ways that his subsequent 
masterpieces only partially 

1954
01:41:26,600 --> 01:41:30,400
revealed Hamlet's death 
represented, not just parental 

1955
01:41:30,400 --> 01:41:32,600
grief, but the collapse of 
dynastic hopes. 

1956
01:41:33,400 --> 01:41:35,800
In an age, when family 
continuity, depended on male 

1957
01:41:35,800 --> 01:41:39,200
heirs, losing his only son that 
all Shakespeare's success. 

1958
01:41:39,200 --> 01:41:42,500
Would ultimately prove a femoral
his name, surviving only through

1959
01:41:42,500 --> 01:41:44,900
his artistic Works. 
Rather than through living 

1960
01:41:44,900 --> 01:41:48,900
descendants by 1600, William 
Shakespeare, had achieved what 

1961
01:41:48,900 --> 01:41:52,700
few artists ever experienced 
recognition of his genius during

1962
01:41:52,700 --> 01:41:56,600
his own life time Hamlet, which 
premiered that year established 

1963
01:41:56,600 --> 01:41:59,500
him not merely as a successful 
playwright, but as someone who 

1964
01:41:59,500 --> 01:42:03,300
had fundamentally change, what 
drama could accomplish Yes, 

1965
01:42:03,300 --> 01:42:06,400
success that false friend of 
artists everywhere. 

1966
01:42:06,400 --> 01:42:09,600
What complications that 
provincial, obscurity had never 

1967
01:42:09,600 --> 01:42:13,300
threatened Fame, made him a 
target for criticism envying. 

1968
01:42:13,300 --> 01:42:15,800
The particularly vicious attacks
reserved for those who rise 

1969
01:42:15,800 --> 01:42:19,500
above their supposed station. 
The weight of expectation became

1970
01:42:19,500 --> 01:42:21,900
overwhelming. 
Every new play was measured 

1971
01:42:21,900 --> 01:42:23,300
against his previous 
achievements. 

1972
01:42:23,300 --> 01:42:26,500
And every Innovation was 
scrutinized for signs of decline

1973
01:42:26,500 --> 01:42:28,200
or betrayal of his established 
Style. 

1974
01:42:28,900 --> 01:42:31,400
Audiences arrived at his 
premieres with predetermined 

1975
01:42:31,400 --> 01:42:34,600
judgments and critics sharpen 
their quills for reviews that 

1976
01:42:34,600 --> 01:42:37,300
would either confirm or 
challenge his reputation. 

1977
01:42:38,500 --> 01:42:41,600
The spontaneous Joy of creation 
which had sustained him through 

1978
01:42:41,600 --> 01:42:44,700
his early struggles became 
contaminated by aware of his 

1979
01:42:44,700 --> 01:42:46,900
public role, as England's 
premiere, dramatist. 

1980
01:42:47,700 --> 01:42:51,600
Financial success, while solving
many practical problems created,

1981
01:42:51,600 --> 01:42:55,500
new anxiety is Shakespeare's 
investments in property, his 

1982
01:42:55,500 --> 01:42:58,300
share in the Globe Theater and 
his growing wealth required 

1983
01:42:58,300 --> 01:43:01,800
management and protection. 
He found himself spending time 

1984
01:43:01,800 --> 01:43:04,900
on legal documents property 
disputes and business 

1985
01:43:04,900 --> 01:43:08,000
negotiations that have nothing 
to do with writing, but 

1986
01:43:08,000 --> 01:43:10,400
everything to do with 
preserving, what his writing had

1987
01:43:10,400 --> 01:43:12,400
earned. 
The artist who had. 

1988
01:43:12,400 --> 01:43:14,600
Once written purely for Creative
fulfillment. 

1989
01:43:14,600 --> 01:43:17,600
Now wrote partly to maintain an 
increasingly complex Financial 

1990
01:43:17,600 --> 01:43:20,000
Empire. 
The relationship with his 

1991
01:43:20,000 --> 01:43:23,600
family, grew more strained with 
each passing year and the 

1992
01:43:23,600 --> 01:43:26,500
surviving children, Susanna, and
Judith lived comfortable lives. 

1993
01:43:26,500 --> 01:43:29,300
Thanks to his success. 
The Comfort couldn't Bridge the 

1994
01:43:29,300 --> 01:43:32,200
emotional distance that is 
prolonged, absences had created.

1995
01:43:32,200 --> 01:43:35,900
He had become a stranger to his 
household someone who visited 

1996
01:43:35,900 --> 01:43:37,900
rather than inhabited, the 
domestic life. 

1997
01:43:37,900 --> 01:43:41,200
He was supporting His daughter's
grew up knowing their father 

1998
01:43:41,200 --> 01:43:44,000
Prime merely through his 
reputation and the money he sent

1999
01:43:44,000 --> 01:43:46,600
rather than through daily 
interaction and shared 

2000
01:43:46,600 --> 01:43:49,400
experience. 
London Social Scene offered 

2001
01:43:49,400 --> 01:43:52,100
compensation but also 
temptations that complicated, 

2002
01:43:52,100 --> 01:43:55,200
his personal life. 
The theater World provided 

2003
01:43:55,200 --> 01:43:58,700
intellectual stimulation and 
artistic collaboration, but it 

2004
01:43:58,700 --> 01:44:01,200
also exposed him to 
relationships and possibilities 

2005
01:44:01,200 --> 01:44:04,000
that could not be easily 
reconciled with his family 

2006
01:44:04,000 --> 01:44:06,900
obligations. 
The mysterious dark Lady of his 

2007
01:44:06,900 --> 01:44:09,900
sonnets where the real or 
fictional represented, the kind 

2008
01:44:09,900 --> 01:44:12,400
of passionate connection. 
That his practical marriage had 

2009
01:44:12,400 --> 01:44:15,400
never provided these 
relationships where the 

2010
01:44:15,400 --> 01:44:18,700
consummated, or merely imagined 
created guilt and longing that 

2011
01:44:18,700 --> 01:44:20,700
enriched his art while 
complicating his life. 

2012
01:44:21,700 --> 01:44:24,200
The political climate under 
James, The Thirst proved, both 

2013
01:44:24,200 --> 01:44:27,400
more and less dangerous than 
under Elizabeth, the new Kings, 

2014
01:44:27,400 --> 01:44:30,600
fascination with witchcraft and 
Scottish history, provided 

2015
01:44:30,600 --> 01:44:33,600
Shakespeare, with material for 
Macbeth while his interest in 

2016
01:44:33,600 --> 01:44:35,500
the theater. 
Led to Royal patronage that 

2017
01:44:35,508 --> 01:44:38,200
elevated. 
The company's status However, 

2018
01:44:38,200 --> 01:44:41,200
James is authoritarian, 
Tendencies and sensitivity to 

2019
01:44:41,200 --> 01:44:44,700
criticism, required playwrights 
to navigate a more delicate 

2020
01:44:44,700 --> 01:44:46,800
balance between entertainment 
and sedition. 

2021
01:44:47,700 --> 01:44:51,000
The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 
created an atmosphere of 

2022
01:44:51,000 --> 01:44:54,000
suspicion that made any 
political commentary potentially

2023
01:44:54,000 --> 01:44:56,500
dangerous. 
Shakespeare's response to these 

2024
01:44:56,500 --> 01:45:00,000
pressures was to retreat into 
increasingly complex artistic 

2025
01:45:00,000 --> 01:45:02,700
visions that satisfied his 
creative Ambitions while 

2026
01:45:02,700 --> 01:45:04,600
maintaining his commercial via 
ability. 

2027
01:45:05,600 --> 01:45:10,000
King Lear. 
Fellow and Macbeth represented 

2028
01:45:10,000 --> 01:45:13,700
the height of his tragic Vision 
plays that explored the darkest 

2029
01:45:13,700 --> 01:45:16,700
aspects of human nature while 
remaining sufficiently removed 

2030
01:45:16,700 --> 01:45:18,800
from contemporary politics to 
avoid censorship. 

2031
01:45:19,700 --> 01:45:22,400
Yet creating these masterpieces 
required, emotional and 

2032
01:45:22,408 --> 01:45:26,000
psychological resources that 
left him increasingly drained. 

2033
01:45:27,000 --> 01:45:30,000
The artistic isolation 
accompanied, his success was the

2034
01:45:30,000 --> 01:45:33,400
most difficult burden to bear. 
As his reputation grew 

2035
01:45:33,400 --> 01:45:35,700
colleagues began, treating him 
with a difference that made 

2036
01:45:35,700 --> 01:45:39,600
genuine collaboration difficult.
Younger writers imitated his 

2037
01:45:39,600 --> 01:45:42,900
style rather than challenging, 
his ideas and actors sought his 

2038
01:45:42,900 --> 01:45:44,900
approval rather than offering 
creative input. 

2039
01:45:44,900 --> 01:45:47,700
The lonely authority of 
acknowledged Mastery was 

2040
01:45:47,700 --> 01:45:50,300
replacing the collaborative 
spirit that had made theater 

2041
01:45:50,300 --> 01:45:53,100
exciting. 
Recognition of his genius. 

2042
01:45:53,100 --> 01:45:56,100
While gratifying also brought 
unwanted attention to his 

2043
01:45:56,100 --> 01:45:59,100
personal life and background 
critics, questioned, his 

2044
01:45:59,108 --> 01:46:02,700
education, Scholars debated, his
sources and Rivals. 

2045
01:46:02,700 --> 01:46:06,400
Attacked his humble Origins, 
Every aspect of his biography 

2046
01:46:06,400 --> 01:46:09,400
was scrutinized for evidence 
that might explain or diminish. 

2047
01:46:09,400 --> 01:46:12,400
His achievements, the Privacy he
had once taken for granted 

2048
01:46:12,400 --> 01:46:14,600
became a luxury that his famous 
permanently. 

2049
01:46:14,600 --> 01:46:18,600
Destroyed Shakespeare, having 
written a proximately 307 plays 

2050
01:46:18,600 --> 01:46:22,500
widespread recognition as the 
greatest English trumpet of his 

2051
01:46:22,500 --> 01:46:27,200
Generation by the year 1610 This
recognition, however, came with 

2052
01:46:27,200 --> 01:46:30,400
the peculiar bird that haunts 
all artists who achieve 

2053
01:46:30,400 --> 01:46:32,200
legendary status during their 
lifetime. 

2054
01:46:32,200 --> 01:46:35,400
The Impossible pressure to 
surpass their own previous 

2055
01:46:35,400 --> 01:46:37,400
achievements. 
While maintaining the very 

2056
01:46:37,400 --> 01:46:39,500
qualities that made those 
achievements possible. 

2057
01:46:40,500 --> 01:46:42,800
Each new work was inevitably 
compared not just to 

2058
01:46:42,808 --> 01:46:47,100
contemporary competitors, but to
his own masterpieces rating, a 

2059
01:46:47,100 --> 01:46:50,100
critical standard that grew more
demanding with every success. 

2060
01:46:51,300 --> 01:46:53,900
The physical strain of 
continuous, writing started to 

2061
01:46:53,900 --> 01:46:56,800
wear him out. 
Creating two plays annually, 

2062
01:46:56,800 --> 01:46:59,900
while maintaining his acting 
responsibilities, and managing 

2063
01:46:59,900 --> 01:47:02,500
his business interests, 
required, an output that would 

2064
01:47:02,500 --> 01:47:06,300
exhaust writers half his age. 
Once flowing with natural ease, 

2065
01:47:06,300 --> 01:47:09,900
the composition process became 
increasingly laborious as he 

2066
01:47:09,900 --> 01:47:12,200
struggled to find fresh 
approaches to familiar themes. 

2067
01:47:13,000 --> 01:47:15,900
The Well of inspiration that had
seemed inexhaustible during his 

2068
01:47:15,900 --> 01:47:18,500
30s began showing signs of 
depletion. 

2069
01:47:18,500 --> 01:47:22,400
As he approached 50 his later, 
plays the Winter's Tale 

2070
01:47:22,400 --> 01:47:27,300
cymbeline and the Tempest 
reflected this creative fatigue.

2071
01:47:27,300 --> 01:47:29,700
While simultaneously 
representing new artistic 

2072
01:47:29,700 --> 01:47:34,100
Direction's, these Works often 
called romance's combined 

2073
01:47:34,100 --> 01:47:37,100
elements of comedy and tragedy 
in ways that suggested either 

2074
01:47:37,100 --> 01:47:40,300
experimental boldness or 
diminished certainly about 

2075
01:47:40,300 --> 01:47:43,100
dramatic form. 
Contemporary audience is 

2076
01:47:43,100 --> 01:47:45,800
expecting the clear generic 
boundaries of his early work 

2077
01:47:45,800 --> 01:47:49,000
often responded with confusion 
rather than appreciation. 

2078
01:47:50,000 --> 01:47:52,700
Critics debated, whether these 
plays represented artistically 

2079
01:47:52,700 --> 01:47:55,900
Evolution or declined, a 
question that would persist for 

2080
01:47:55,900 --> 01:47:58,600
centuries. 
The relationship with his acting

2081
01:47:58,600 --> 01:48:01,000
company growing increasingly 
complicated, as younger 

2082
01:48:01,000 --> 01:48:02,800
performers and writers. 
Challenged his authority. 

2083
01:48:03,900 --> 01:48:07,300
The Lord Chamberlain's men 
renamed, the King's Men, under 

2084
01:48:07,300 --> 01:48:10,400
James, the first and evolved 
from a collaborative Enterprise 

2085
01:48:10,400 --> 01:48:12,700
into an institution, where 
Shakespeare's preferences 

2086
01:48:12,700 --> 01:48:16,400
carried disproportionate weight.
This power while professionally 

2087
01:48:16,400 --> 01:48:20,100
advantageous, isolated him from 
the creative friction that had 

2088
01:48:20,100 --> 01:48:23,400
previously stimulated, his best 
work collaboration became 

2089
01:48:23,400 --> 01:48:27,000
consultation. 
Discussion became deferens and 

2090
01:48:27,000 --> 01:48:30,000
the Democratic chaos of 
theatrical creation was by the 

2091
01:48:30,000 --> 01:48:32,800
ordered. 
But sterile hierarchy of 

2092
01:48:32,800 --> 01:48:36,500
established Success, personal 
relationships, suffered, under 

2093
01:48:36,500 --> 01:48:39,500
the weight of his public. 
Persona friends approached him 

2094
01:48:39,500 --> 01:48:43,100
differently, aware that casual 
conversation might later appear 

2095
01:48:43,100 --> 01:48:46,100
in his plays. 
Enemies multiplied as his 

2096
01:48:46,100 --> 01:48:49,200
success created resentment, 
among those who fell overlooked 

2097
01:48:49,200 --> 01:48:52,600
or undervalued. 
Even his closest relationships 

2098
01:48:52,600 --> 01:48:55,400
became Complicated by aware of 
his Fame and the potential 

2099
01:48:55,400 --> 01:48:57,700
benefits or dangerous of 
association with him. 

2100
01:48:58,500 --> 01:49:00,800
The spontaneous human 
connections that had once 

2101
01:49:00,800 --> 01:49:03,600
nourished his understanding of 
character became increasingly 

2102
01:49:03,600 --> 01:49:07,100
artificial in self-conscious. 
The question of retirement began

2103
01:49:07,100 --> 01:49:11,300
haunting His Thoughts, with 
growing insistence, unlike 

2104
01:49:11,300 --> 01:49:13,800
modern artists who can live 
comfortably on royalties and 

2105
01:49:13,800 --> 01:49:16,600
residuals, Elizabethan 
playwrights earned money. 

2106
01:49:16,600 --> 01:49:18,300
Only through continued 
productivity. 

2107
01:49:19,200 --> 01:49:22,300
Stopping work meant accepting 
Financial decline yet. 

2108
01:49:22,300 --> 01:49:25,200
Continuing work was becoming 
increasingly difficult, both 

2109
01:49:25,200 --> 01:49:28,100
physically and creatively the 
prospect of returning 

2110
01:49:28,100 --> 01:49:31,200
permanently to Stratford offered
rest and family reconciliation, 

2111
01:49:31,200 --> 01:49:34,400
but also threatened the artistic
stimulation that had become 

2112
01:49:34,400 --> 01:49:39,200
essential to his identity. 
His health, never robust began 

2113
01:49:39,200 --> 01:49:41,800
showing the effects of Decades, 
of London living. 

2114
01:49:42,600 --> 01:49:45,600
His Constitution had suffered 
due to the city's polluted air. 

2115
01:49:46,200 --> 01:49:50,300
Contaminated water and periodic 
plague outbreaks contemporary 

2116
01:49:50,300 --> 01:49:51,800
medical knowledge. 
Offered little Beyond 

2117
01:49:51,800 --> 01:49:54,800
bloodletting and herbal remedies
while the stress of constant 

2118
01:49:54,800 --> 01:49:57,500
productivity, exacerbated, 
whatever, underlying conditions 

2119
01:49:57,500 --> 01:50:00,400
were developing. 
He began experiencing symptoms 

2120
01:50:00,400 --> 01:50:03,100
that modern doctors might 
recognize as heart disease or 

2121
01:50:03,108 --> 01:50:05,900
diabetes. 
That the Elizabethan Physicians.

2122
01:50:05,900 --> 01:50:07,800
Could neither diagnose nor treat
effectively. 

2123
01:50:09,500 --> 01:50:11,500
Irony of his situation was 
exquisite. 

2124
01:50:12,200 --> 01:50:14,800
Having achieved everything he 
dreamed of as a young man in 

2125
01:50:14,800 --> 01:50:17,900
Stratford, he found that success
had created new forms of 

2126
01:50:17,900 --> 01:50:20,200
suffering that obscurity had 
never threatened. 

2127
01:50:20,200 --> 01:50:24,500
Fame brought scrutiny wealth, 
broad anxiety, artistic 

2128
01:50:24,500 --> 01:50:27,800
achievement brought creative 
pressure, and recognition 

2129
01:50:27,800 --> 01:50:31,300
brought isolation. 
The provincial boy who had fled 

2130
01:50:31,300 --> 01:50:34,300
Stratford to escape limitations 
discovered that success created 

2131
01:50:34,300 --> 01:50:37,100
different but equally confining 
constraints. 

2132
01:50:38,100 --> 01:50:42,300
His final complete play, The 
Tempest served as both artistic 

2133
01:50:42,300 --> 01:50:46,000
summation and personal farewell 
to the theatrical world that are

2134
01:50:46,000 --> 01:50:49,500
defined his adult life. 
Prosperous renunciation of magic

2135
01:50:49,500 --> 01:50:52,200
seemed to mirror Shakespeare's, 
own preparation for retirement 

2136
01:50:52,200 --> 01:50:55,100
from the stage while the place 
themes of forgiveness and 

2137
01:50:55,100 --> 01:50:57,500
Reconciliation. 
Suggested his growing desire to 

2138
01:50:57,500 --> 01:50:59,400
resolve the conflicts that had 
shaped his career. 

2139
01:50:59,400 --> 01:51:03,000
He famous epilogue asking the 
audience for their Applause. 

2140
01:51:03,000 --> 01:51:05,600
To set the magician. 
Free carried obvious 

2141
01:51:05,600 --> 01:51:08,800
autobiographical residents for a
playwright contemplating his own

2142
01:51:08,800 --> 01:51:11,000
Liberation from the demands of 
public performance. 

2143
01:51:11,000 --> 01:51:14,500
William Shakespeare's return to 
strap at in 1613 should have 

2144
01:51:14,500 --> 01:51:17,800
represented Triumph. 
Provincial Boy made good coming 

2145
01:51:17,800 --> 01:51:20,700
home to enjoy the fruits of 
unprecedented literary success. 

2146
01:51:20,700 --> 01:51:24,800
Instead it marked the beginning 
of his final Act appeared marked

2147
01:51:24,800 --> 01:51:28,200
by declining Health family 
tensions and the peculiar 

2148
01:51:28,200 --> 01:51:30,600
Melancholy that often 
accompanies the achievement of 

2149
01:51:30,600 --> 01:51:31,700
one's deepest. 
Ambitions. 

2150
01:51:31,700 --> 01:51:35,100
The man who had conquered 
London's theatrical world, found

2151
01:51:35,100 --> 01:51:37,500
himself, struggling with 
questions that success could not

2152
01:51:37,500 --> 01:51:40,000
answer. 
And fame could not resolve new 

2153
01:51:40,000 --> 01:51:41,800
place. 
The grand house he had purchased

2154
01:51:41,800 --> 01:51:45,300
to symbolize his risen status 
felt more like a museum than a 

2155
01:51:45,300 --> 01:51:47,000
home. 
The rooms echoed with the 

2156
01:51:47,000 --> 01:51:49,400
absence of shared memories their
Elegance. 

2157
01:51:49,400 --> 01:51:50,700
A constant reminders of the 
years. 

2158
01:51:50,700 --> 01:51:54,900
He'd spent away from those who 
was supposed to love most And 

2159
01:51:54,900 --> 01:51:57,800
now in her late 50s, had grown 
into a formidable household 

2160
01:51:57,800 --> 01:52:00,600
manager, who ran their domestic 
affairs with efficient 

2161
01:52:00,600 --> 01:52:04,100
Independence, the marriage that 
had begun with passion and 

2162
01:52:04,100 --> 01:52:05,900
continued. 
Through financial necessity, had

2163
01:52:05,900 --> 01:52:08,300
evolved into a polite 
Arrangement between virtual 

2164
01:52:08,300 --> 01:52:11,200
strangers who happen to share a 
legal Bond and two surviving 

2165
01:52:11,200 --> 01:52:14,600
daughters. 
His daughters Susanna and Judith

2166
01:52:14,600 --> 01:52:17,800
represented, both his greatest 
joy and his deepest 

2167
01:52:17,800 --> 01:52:20,100
disappointment. 
Suzanne. 

2168
01:52:20,100 --> 01:52:22,800
The Elder had married well and 
produced the granddaughter who 

2169
01:52:22,800 --> 01:52:24,800
might carry forward. 
Something of his legacy. 

2170
01:52:25,500 --> 01:52:28,000
However, his awareness that 
female descendants couldn't 

2171
01:52:28,000 --> 01:52:30,900
preserve family names or inherit
theatrical companies in their 

2172
01:52:30,900 --> 01:52:34,700
society, complicated. 
This Comfort Judith who remained

2173
01:52:34,700 --> 01:52:38,100
unmarried well into spinster by 
Elizabeth and standards seem to 

2174
01:52:38,100 --> 01:52:40,900
regard her famous father with a 
mixture of Pride and resentment 

2175
01:52:40,900 --> 01:52:42,300
that he could never fully 
understand. 

2176
01:52:43,500 --> 01:52:47,000
His reputation followed him to 
Stratford, akin to a faithful 

2177
01:52:47,000 --> 01:52:50,500
yet, burdened some dog. 
Visitors arrived, regularly, 

2178
01:52:50,500 --> 01:52:52,600
seeking audiences with England's
greatest. 

2179
01:52:52,600 --> 01:52:55,400
Playwright turning his 
retirement into a series of 

2180
01:52:55,400 --> 01:52:57,800
performance. 
Is that exhausted him more than 

2181
01:52:57,800 --> 01:53:01,700
his professional obligations? 
Ever had local dignitaries who 

2182
01:53:01,700 --> 01:53:04,400
had once ignored the Glover's 
son, now completed for his 

2183
01:53:04,400 --> 01:53:07,600
attention and approval. 
The transformation from local 

2184
01:53:07,600 --> 01:53:10,600
boy to returning celebrity 
created a social Dynamic that 

2185
01:53:10,600 --> 01:53:13,200
satisfied. 
No one completely least of all 

2186
01:53:13,208 --> 01:53:17,100
Shakespeare himself, this final 
collaboration with John 

2187
01:53:17,100 --> 01:53:21,100
Fletcher, on Henry, the 8th, and
the two Noble Kinsmen suggested 

2188
01:53:21,100 --> 01:53:24,000
both his ongoing creative 
vitality and his growing 

2189
01:53:24,000 --> 01:53:27,700
awareness of artistic mortality 
Working with a younger, 

2190
01:53:27,700 --> 01:53:30,200
playwright forced him to 
confront changes in Theatrical 

2191
01:53:30,200 --> 01:53:32,900
taste and technique that his own
work had helped inspire. 

2192
01:53:33,700 --> 01:53:37,400
Fletcher represented the next 
generation of dramatists who had

2193
01:53:37,400 --> 01:53:40,100
learned from Shakespeare's 
Innovations while developing 

2194
01:53:40,100 --> 01:53:42,200
their own approaches to 
character and language. 

2195
01:53:43,300 --> 01:53:45,000
The collaboration was 
professionally successful. 

2196
01:53:45,000 --> 01:53:48,500
That personally difficult 
reminding Shakespeare that even 

2197
01:53:48,500 --> 01:53:50,800
his artistic Authority was 
ultimately temporary. 

2198
01:53:50,800 --> 01:53:54,500
The legal complication 
surrounding his will revealed 

2199
01:53:54,500 --> 01:53:56,900
that complex web of 
relationships and resentments 

2200
01:53:56,900 --> 01:54:00,200
that success had created. 
Decisions about property 

2201
01:54:00,200 --> 01:54:03,000
distribution, became tests of 
family, loyalty and social 

2202
01:54:03,000 --> 01:54:06,000
obligation. 
The famous bequest of his second

2203
01:54:06,000 --> 01:54:09,900
best bed to Anne, has puzzled 
Scholars for centuries, but it 

2204
01:54:09,900 --> 01:54:13,500
perfectly captured the mixture 
of affection Duty and distance 

2205
01:54:13,500 --> 01:54:15,300
that characterized their long 
partnership. 

2206
01:54:15,300 --> 01:54:19,300
Whether intended as insult or 
intimate gesture the Legacy, 

2207
01:54:19,300 --> 01:54:22,500
reflected the ambiguous nature 
of their relationship and the 

2208
01:54:22,500 --> 01:54:24,300
impossibility of reducing 
complex. 

2209
01:54:24,300 --> 01:54:28,000
Human connections to simple 
legal formulas, His health 

2210
01:54:28,000 --> 01:54:33,500
deteriorated rapidly during the 
winter of 1615 to 1616 though. 

2211
01:54:33,500 --> 01:54:37,000
The exact nature of his illness 
remains mysterious contemporary 

2212
01:54:37,000 --> 01:54:38,900
accounts. 
Suggest fever and weakness 

2213
01:54:38,900 --> 01:54:41,800
symptoms that could indicate 
anything from influenza to heart

2214
01:54:41,800 --> 01:54:44,100
disease to the various 
infections that regularly 

2215
01:54:44,100 --> 01:54:47,400
claimed Elizabethan lives. 
Modern medical speculation has 

2216
01:54:47,400 --> 01:54:50,900
proposed everything from 
syphilis to brain tumors but the

2217
01:54:50,900 --> 01:54:53,700
diagnosis matters less than the 
irony of England's greatest 

2218
01:54:53,700 --> 01:54:56,900
writer dying while still at the 
height of his creative Powers. 

2219
01:54:56,900 --> 01:55:01,500
The final weeks brought visitors
seeking wisdom, benedictions or 

2220
01:55:01,500 --> 01:55:03,900
simply the bragging rights of 
having spoken with the famous. 

2221
01:55:03,900 --> 01:55:07,100
Playwright Shakespeare, received
them with diminishing energy, 

2222
01:55:07,100 --> 01:55:10,000
but characteristic Grace 
offering insights into his craft

2223
01:55:10,000 --> 01:55:13,100
while carefully, avoiding the 
kind of personal Revelations 

2224
01:55:13,100 --> 01:55:16,000
that might compromise, his 
meticulously constructed Public 

2225
01:55:16,000 --> 01:55:19,300
Image even approaching death, he
remained conscious of his 

2226
01:55:19,300 --> 01:55:21,700
reputation and concerned about 
how his legacy would be 

2227
01:55:21,708 --> 01:55:23,000
interpreted by Future 
Generations. 

2228
01:55:23,000 --> 01:55:28,400
He died on April, the 20th 1616 
possibly on his 52nd birthday, 

2229
01:55:28,400 --> 01:55:31,700
though, Elizabeth and record. 
Keeping makes precise dating 

2230
01:55:31,700 --> 01:55:34,200
impossible. 
The dates itself appeared 

2231
01:55:34,200 --> 01:55:37,100
appropriate from a man whose 
life had been characterized by 

2232
01:55:37,100 --> 01:55:40,900
dramatic timing and poetic 
coincidence His passing 

2233
01:55:40,900 --> 01:55:43,400
prompted, immediate allergies, 
from fellow writers, who 

2234
01:55:43,400 --> 01:55:46,400
recognized that English 
literature had lost its greatest

2235
01:55:46,400 --> 01:55:50,200
practitioner while also creating
space for new voices to emerge 

2236
01:55:50,200 --> 01:55:53,900
from his enormous Shadow. 
The inscription on his tomb in 

2237
01:55:53,900 --> 01:55:57,800
Stratford's, Holy Trinity Church
good friend for Jesus's sake for

2238
01:55:57,800 --> 01:56:00,000
Bear to dig the dust and closed 
here. 

2239
01:56:00,000 --> 01:56:04,800
Reflected his final concern 
about privacy and posthumous 

2240
01:56:04,800 --> 01:56:07,400
dignity. 
The curse against grave robbers 

2241
01:56:07,400 --> 01:56:09,600
where the composed by 
Shakespeare himself or by 

2242
01:56:09,600 --> 01:56:12,500
someone who knew his fears 
proved remarkably effective. 

2243
01:56:13,700 --> 01:56:16,500
His remained undisturbed, while 
his reputation grew to 

2244
01:56:16,500 --> 01:56:18,800
proportions, that would have 
astonished and possibly 

2245
01:56:18,800 --> 01:56:22,100
horrified the man who had simply
wanted to write good plays and 

2246
01:56:22,100 --> 01:56:25,400
support his family. 
The true tragedy of William 

2247
01:56:25,400 --> 01:56:27,900
Shakespeare's life, wasn't that 
he failed to achieve his dreams 

2248
01:56:27,900 --> 01:56:30,900
that achieving them revealed? 
How insufficient even the 

2249
01:56:30,908 --> 01:56:34,100
greatest success could be when 
measured against human longing 

2250
01:56:34,100 --> 01:56:37,500
for connection, understanding 
and Lasting meaning he became 

2251
01:56:37,500 --> 01:56:40,800
Immortal through his words while
remaining painful in his need 

2252
01:56:40,800 --> 01:56:44,500
for love recognition and the 
simple satisfactions of domestic

2253
01:56:44,500 --> 01:56:47,100
happiness. 
His genius elevated. 

2254
01:56:47,100 --> 01:56:48,800
Him above his contemporaries 
while. 

2255
01:56:48,800 --> 01:56:52,000
Isolating him from the very 
human experiences that had 

2256
01:56:52,000 --> 01:56:56,100
inspired his greatest works. 
In the end Shakespeare's life 

2257
01:56:56,100 --> 01:57:00,000
embodied, the central Paradox of
artistic achievement, the 

2258
01:57:00,000 --> 01:57:03,000
qualities that made him a 
brilliant writer, sensitivity 

2259
01:57:03,000 --> 01:57:07,900
imagination, emotional depth, 
and intellectual curiosity also 

2260
01:57:07,900 --> 01:57:10,200
made ordinary life 
extraordinarily difficult. 

2261
01:57:11,100 --> 01:57:14,000
He achieved success beyond all 
reasonable expectations. 

2262
01:57:14,000 --> 01:57:16,000
Yet the consequences of his 
success. 

2263
01:57:16,000 --> 01:57:18,800
Haunted him. 
His plays have outlived the 

2264
01:57:18,800 --> 01:57:22,000
civilization that produced them 
that the man who wrote them 

2265
01:57:22,000 --> 01:57:24,900
exceed. 
Experience the same struggles 

2266
01:57:24,900 --> 01:57:29,000
with love death and ambition and
disappointment, that defined 

2267
01:57:29,000 --> 01:57:31,000
Human Experience across all 
centuries. 

2268
01:57:31,000 --> 01:57:35,000
The boy from Stratford who 
dreamed of escaping provincial 

2269
01:57:35,000 --> 01:57:39,100
limitations, succeeded Beyond 
his wildest imagination, only to

2270
01:57:39,100 --> 01:57:43,000
discover that success created 
its own forms of imprisonment 

2271
01:57:43,000 --> 01:57:47,100
his victory over. 
Obscurity was complete that they

2272
01:57:47,100 --> 01:57:51,100
Triumph as his tragedies 
consistently demonstrated often 

2273
01:57:51,100 --> 01:57:55,300
proves indistinguishable from 
defeat William. 

2274
01:57:55,300 --> 01:57:57,500
Shakespeare achieved his 
aspirations and discovered 

2275
01:57:57,500 --> 01:58:01,200
regrettably, that achieving what
he desired often marked. 

2276
01:58:01,200 --> 01:58:03,600
The beginning, rather than the 
conclusion of life's most 

2277
01:58:03,600 --> 01:58:07,000
challenging issues, perhaps, 
that's why his Works continue to

2278
01:58:07,000 --> 01:58:10,300
resonate not because he found 
answers to Life's essential 

2279
01:58:10,300 --> 01:58:12,600
questions, but because he lived 
those questions. 

2280
01:58:12,600 --> 01:58:16,000
So completely that his Art 
became an eternal meditation on 

2281
01:58:16,000 --> 01:58:18,300
the beautiful impossibility of 
human satisfaction. 

2282
01:58:19,400 --> 01:58:22,500
He sucked at being William 
Shakespeare precisely because he

2283
01:58:22,500 --> 01:58:24,000
turned out to be humanly 
impossible. 

2284
01:58:24,000 --> 01:58:27,900
And in that impossibility he 
created something genuinely 

2285
01:58:27,900 --> 01:58:38,400
immortal You know how sometimes 
the most ridiculous moments in 

2286
01:58:38,400 --> 01:58:41,300
history happen and powerful, 
people try to do something 

2287
01:58:41,300 --> 01:58:45,500
perfectly normal. 
Well, settle in because you're 

2288
01:58:45,500 --> 01:58:49,300
about to hear about the time, 
Napoleon Bonaparte conquer of 

2289
01:58:49,300 --> 01:58:53,300
Europe, Emperor, France, the man
who redrew the map of the world 

2290
01:58:53,300 --> 01:58:56,800
got completely overwhelmed by a 
bunch of fluffy rabbits. 

2291
01:58:56,800 --> 01:59:01,500
Imagine Napoleon in July 1807 
when his power was at its peak, 

2292
01:59:01,500 --> 01:59:05,000
he has just signed the Treaty of
tilsit with a Russia, which 

2293
01:59:05,000 --> 01:59:07,200
essentially divides Europe 
between him and Tsar. 

2294
01:59:07,200 --> 01:59:09,500
Alexander the phone as if they 
are splitting a pizza. 

2295
01:59:09,500 --> 01:59:12,800
The treaty negotiation took 
place on a wrath, in the middle 

2296
01:59:12,800 --> 01:59:15,700
of the niemen river, which 
sounds like uncomfortable but 

2297
01:59:15,700 --> 01:59:18,200
was apparently the fashionable 
way to conduct International 

2298
01:59:18,200 --> 01:59:22,100
diplomacy back there. 
Napoleon is feeling pretty good 

2299
01:59:22,100 --> 01:59:25,700
about himself. 
He's 37 years old, ruler of an 

2300
01:59:25,700 --> 01:59:28,800
Empire that stretches from Spain
to Poland and he's just 

2301
01:59:28,800 --> 01:59:31,300
convinced one of Europe's. 
Most powerful rulers to be his 

2302
01:59:31,300 --> 01:59:34,900
friend instead of his enemy. 
In his mind, the occasion calls 

2303
01:59:34,900 --> 01:59:38,900
for a celebration, this is not 
just any celebration but one 

2304
01:59:38,900 --> 01:59:40,900
that is fittingly Imperial and 
manly. 

2305
01:59:40,900 --> 01:59:43,500
So what does the emperor of 
France decide to do? 

2306
01:59:43,500 --> 01:59:46,600
He wants to go hunting. 
Specifically, he wants to go 

2307
01:59:46,600 --> 01:59:49,600
rabbit hunting. 
Now, this may seem like a 

2308
01:59:49,600 --> 01:59:53,200
perfectly reasonable way for a 
powerful man to decompress after

2309
01:59:53,200 --> 01:59:57,300
all hunting was the traditional 
pastime of European nobility it 

2310
01:59:57,300 --> 02:00:00,300
showed you had Leisure Time, 
excellent, aim and weren't 

2311
02:00:00,300 --> 02:00:01,800
afraid to get a little dirt 
under your fingernails. 

2312
02:00:03,700 --> 02:00:06,400
This is where Napoleon's 
personality begins to emerge. 

2313
02:00:06,400 --> 02:00:09,500
Napoleon cannot simply go 
hunting like any other 

2314
02:00:09,500 --> 02:00:12,100
individual. 
Everything has to be grand. 

2315
02:00:12,100 --> 02:00:15,400
Everything has to be perfect and
everything has to make a 

2316
02:00:15,400 --> 02:00:17,600
statement. 
He doesn't want to wander 

2317
02:00:17,600 --> 02:00:19,500
through the woods hoping to spot
a rabbit or two. 

2318
02:00:19,500 --> 02:00:23,500
He desires a hunt that is not 
only Grand but also spectacular 

2319
02:00:23,500 --> 02:00:25,700
the hunt that will leave a 
lasting impression. 

2320
02:00:26,700 --> 02:00:30,200
He turns to his chief of staff, 
how long do Bertier, and tells 

2321
02:00:30,200 --> 02:00:33,600
him to organize a rabbit hunt. 
This is not just any rabbit 

2322
02:00:33,600 --> 02:00:35,400
hunt, but a hunt fit for an 
emperor. 

2323
02:00:36,400 --> 02:00:38,300
Bertier, who dealt with 
Napoleon's? 

2324
02:00:38,300 --> 02:00:42,300
Grandiose ideas for years 
probably sized internally, but 

2325
02:00:42,300 --> 02:00:45,900
immediately gets to work. 
After all, if your boss is just 

2326
02:00:45,900 --> 02:00:48,900
conquered, most of Europe, you 
don't argue with him about party

2327
02:00:48,900 --> 02:00:51,800
planning, the location. 
Chosen is the grounds around 

2328
02:00:51,800 --> 02:00:53,800
melisten Napoleon's country 
estate. 

2329
02:00:54,600 --> 02:00:57,900
It's a beautiful property with 
Rolling Hills scattered woods 

2330
02:00:57,900 --> 02:01:01,300
and plenty of open space. 
Perfect for a Hunting Party. 

2331
02:01:02,300 --> 02:01:05,800
The plan is simple, invite all 
the important Military Officers 

2332
02:01:05,800 --> 02:01:08,700
and government officials release
hundreds of rabbits into the 

2333
02:01:08,700 --> 02:01:11,900
countryside and then have a 
grand time chasing them down. 

2334
02:01:13,000 --> 02:01:15,900
You can imagine Napoleon's 
excitement as the plant come 

2335
02:01:15,900 --> 02:01:18,000
together. 
He's probably pacing around his 

2336
02:01:18,000 --> 02:01:21,600
study hands clasped behind his 
back in that famous, Posse 

2337
02:01:21,600 --> 02:01:24,700
detailing exactly how he wants 
everything arranged. 

2338
02:01:25,400 --> 02:01:27,100
The weapons must be cleaned and 
prepared. 

2339
02:01:27,100 --> 02:01:29,200
The Refreshments must be 
perfect. 

2340
02:01:29,200 --> 02:01:31,000
And then, there must be many 
rabbits. 

2341
02:01:31,000 --> 02:01:34,400
This phase is, where he is 
starts to earn his reputation as

2342
02:01:34,400 --> 02:01:36,500
one of his most competent staff 
officers. 

2343
02:01:36,500 --> 02:01:39,800
He understands that his Emperor 
doesn't just want a Hunting 

2344
02:01:39,800 --> 02:01:42,200
Party. 
You want to hunting party that 

2345
02:01:42,200 --> 02:01:44,900
will become a legend. 30th 
starts. 

2346
02:01:44,900 --> 02:01:47,300
The planing process with the 
same meticulousness. 

2347
02:01:47,300 --> 02:01:49,400
He would apply to a military 
campaign. 

2348
02:01:50,300 --> 02:01:52,900
First, he needs to secure the 
hunting grounds. 

2349
02:01:52,900 --> 02:01:56,600
The estate must be properly 
prepared with Vitas, positioned 

2350
02:01:56,600 --> 02:01:58,200
to drive the rabbits toward the 
hunters. 

2351
02:01:58,200 --> 02:02:01,300
Then there's the matter of 
weapons, fine. 

2352
02:02:01,300 --> 02:02:04,400
Hunting rifles, for all the 
guests, properly maintained and 

2353
02:02:04,400 --> 02:02:06,700
sighted food. 
And drink should also be 

2354
02:02:06,700 --> 02:02:10,300
provided for the guests as they 
will undoubtedly engage in a 

2355
02:02:10,300 --> 02:02:11,600
lengthy day of outdoor 
activities. 

2356
02:02:12,500 --> 02:02:14,900
They need to arrange 
transportation to and from the 

2357
02:02:14,900 --> 02:02:17,900
hunting grounds. 
Starting to sound less like a 

2358
02:02:17,900 --> 02:02:21,700
casual afternoon and more like a
logistical operation, but most 

2359
02:02:21,700 --> 02:02:24,600
importantly, Bertie needs, 
rabbits Bertier. 

2360
02:02:24,600 --> 02:02:28,000
Requires an abundance of 
rabbits, the year is 1807. 

2361
02:02:28,000 --> 02:02:30,500
So it's not like he can just 
call up a rabbit Supply and 

2362
02:02:30,500 --> 02:02:33,000
place an order. 
He needs to find someone who can

2363
02:02:33,000 --> 02:02:34,800
provide hundreds of rabbits, on 
short notice. 

2364
02:02:34,800 --> 02:02:38,000
And they need to be the right 
kind of rabbits, healthy 

2365
02:02:38,000 --> 02:02:41,300
numerous and suitable for an 
imperial Hunting Party. 

2366
02:02:42,400 --> 02:02:45,300
As you drift off tonight, 
fiction, Napoleon in his study 

2367
02:02:45,300 --> 02:02:48,500
completely absorbed in planning,
what he thinks will be a perfect

2368
02:02:48,500 --> 02:02:51,500
day of hunting with no idea that
he's about to face one of the 

2369
02:02:51,500 --> 02:02:53,400
most embarrassing moments of his
career. 

2370
02:02:53,400 --> 02:02:57,500
So there's beta and Napoleon's 
most trusted organizer placing 

2371
02:02:57,500 --> 02:03:00,400
what might seem like a simple 
task, get some rabbits for the 

2372
02:03:00,400 --> 02:03:03,500
emperor's Hunting Party, you 
know how it is when your boss 

2373
02:03:03,500 --> 02:03:06,300
wants something done perfectly 
suddenly, even the simplest job 

2374
02:03:06,300 --> 02:03:10,300
comes complicated. 
Bertier starts by doing what any

2375
02:03:10,300 --> 02:03:12,800
sensible person would do. 
He asks around? 

2376
02:03:14,000 --> 02:03:15,900
Where does one acquire? 
Several hundred. 

2377
02:03:15,900 --> 02:03:18,800
Rabbits for hunting party. 
It's not exactly the kind of 

2378
02:03:18,800 --> 02:03:21,000
question that comes up in normal
conversation. 

2379
02:03:21,800 --> 02:03:24,500
Oh, by the way, do you know 
anyone who has a few hundred 

2380
02:03:24,500 --> 02:03:26,900
rabbits lying around asking for 
an emperor? 

2381
02:03:26,900 --> 02:03:30,200
The answer it turns out is local
farmers and rabbit breeders. 

2382
02:03:31,100 --> 02:03:33,500
In early 19th century, France 
rabbit. 

2383
02:03:33,500 --> 02:03:37,200
Farming was actually quite 
common rabbits were reliable 

2384
02:03:37,200 --> 02:03:40,700
source of meat and fur. 
They reproduced quickly, and 

2385
02:03:40,700 --> 02:03:42,600
they didn't require much space 
or expensive. 

2386
02:03:42,600 --> 02:03:46,200
Feed your average French farmer.
Probably had a dozen or so 

2387
02:03:46,200 --> 02:03:48,000
Rapids, in Hutch's behind his 
house. 

2388
02:03:48,000 --> 02:03:50,500
The Bertier, doesn't need a 
doesn't rabbits. 

2389
02:03:50,500 --> 02:03:53,800
He needs hundreds. 
So he starts sending out his 

2390
02:03:53,800 --> 02:03:56,800
assistant to every farm and 
rabbit breeder within a day's 

2391
02:03:56,800 --> 02:04:00,400
travel of malm. 
Simple, the emperor needs 

2392
02:04:00,400 --> 02:04:03,000
rabbits and he needs them by a 
specific date. 

2393
02:04:03,000 --> 02:04:06,200
Money is no object. 
Now, you can imagine the 

2394
02:04:06,200 --> 02:04:08,800
conversations this must have 
sparked in, French Farmhouse 

2395
02:04:08,800 --> 02:04:10,600
houses. 
The emperor wants. 

2396
02:04:10,608 --> 02:04:13,800
Our rabbits does the emperor 
want them all the hunting? 

2397
02:04:14,600 --> 02:04:19,600
well, if bonapartes, rabbits 
Bonaparte gets rabbits, It 

2398
02:04:19,600 --> 02:04:21,200
probably seemed like the most 
patriotic thing. 

2399
02:04:21,200 --> 02:04:22,900
A rabbit farmer could do for 
France. 

2400
02:04:23,700 --> 02:04:26,900
Word spreads quickly through the
farming communities imperial 

2401
02:04:26,900 --> 02:04:29,600
agents soon contact every 
rabbit, breeder in the region, 

2402
02:04:29,600 --> 02:04:32,800
the demand is so high. 
That people start bringing 

2403
02:04:32,800 --> 02:04:36,200
rabbits from farther and farther
away, carts full of rabbit 

2404
02:04:36,200 --> 02:04:38,400
cages, start rolling toward 
malema, zaun from all 

2405
02:04:38,400 --> 02:04:40,400
directions. 
But, here's where things get 

2406
02:04:40,400 --> 02:04:43,100
intriguing and where Bertier, 
makes what historians now 

2407
02:04:43,100 --> 02:04:46,400
recognized as a crucial error, 
he's so focused on getting 

2408
02:04:46,400 --> 02:04:49,300
enough rabbits that he doesn't 
pay close attention to what kind

2409
02:04:49,300 --> 02:04:52,300
he's getting. 
You see, there are basically two

2410
02:04:52,300 --> 02:04:54,500
types of rabbits, you might 
encounter in this situation. 

2411
02:04:54,500 --> 02:04:57,700
There are wild rabbits, the kind
that live in the woods and 

2412
02:04:57,700 --> 02:05:00,800
Fields that are naturally wary 
of humans and will run away. 

2413
02:05:00,800 --> 02:05:03,500
The moment, they are released, 
these are the rabbits that would

2414
02:05:03,500 --> 02:05:07,300
make for proper hunting skittish
Swift and inclined to scatter in

2415
02:05:07,300 --> 02:05:09,300
all directions. 
The moment they sense danger, 

2416
02:05:09,300 --> 02:05:13,300
then there are domestic rabbits,
the kind that farmers raise for 

2417
02:05:13,308 --> 02:05:16,000
meat and fur. 
These rabbits have been bred for

2418
02:05:16,000 --> 02:05:18,900
generations to be docile 
well-fed and comfortable around 

2419
02:05:18,900 --> 02:05:21,300
humans. 
They used to being handled and 

2420
02:05:21,300 --> 02:05:24,500
used to being fed by people and 
they associate humans with food 

2421
02:05:24,500 --> 02:05:28,400
and safety rather than Danger. 
Bertier in his rushed to fulfill

2422
02:05:28,400 --> 02:05:31,000
Napoleon's order ends up with a 
mix of both types. 

2423
02:05:31,000 --> 02:05:34,200
But here's the problem, the 
domestic rabbits vastly, 

2424
02:05:34,200 --> 02:05:37,800
outnumber the Wild Ones, most 
local farmers and breeders are 

2425
02:05:37,800 --> 02:05:40,000
supplying domestic rabbits 
because they have a larger 

2426
02:05:40,000 --> 02:05:43,300
quantity of them and domestic 
rabbits, it turns out behave 

2427
02:05:43,300 --> 02:05:45,500
very differently from wild. 
Rabbits, when released into the 

2428
02:05:45,500 --> 02:05:49,200
countryside, as the day of the 
hunter approaches of rabbits in 

2429
02:05:49,200 --> 02:05:51,400
wooden cages are being 
transported to melanism. 

2430
02:05:51,400 --> 02:05:53,700
The logistics alone are 
impressive. 

2431
02:05:53,700 --> 02:05:57,400
We've got dozens of cars each 
loaded with rabbit cages 

2432
02:05:57,400 --> 02:06:00,800
converging on Napoleon's. 
Estate the rabbits are fed and 

2433
02:06:00,800 --> 02:06:04,400
watered kept in the shade and 
generally treated better than 

2434
02:06:04,400 --> 02:06:06,000
many soldiers in Napoleon's 
Army. 

2435
02:06:06,800 --> 02:06:09,600
The staff at malmas on, is 
probably a bit bewildered by the

2436
02:06:09,600 --> 02:06:12,900
whole operation. 
The stable boys are suddenly 

2437
02:06:12,900 --> 02:06:15,000
dealing with hundreds of rabbits
and of Horses. 

2438
02:06:15,000 --> 02:06:18,000
The groundskeepers are being 
asked to help prepare release 

2439
02:06:18,000 --> 02:06:20,800
points for the rabbits. 
The kitchen staff is also 

2440
02:06:20,800 --> 02:06:23,900
involved, as they must provide 
food for all the rabbits and the

2441
02:06:23,900 --> 02:06:26,500
hunt day. 
Meanwhile, Napoleon is getting 

2442
02:06:26,500 --> 02:06:29,000
more and more excited about his 
upcoming Hunting Party. 

2443
02:06:29,000 --> 02:06:33,500
Napoleon is likely examining his
hunting rifle strategizing with 

2444
02:06:33,500 --> 02:06:36,700
his officers and envisioning. 
The tales that will unfold from 

2445
02:06:36,700 --> 02:06:39,800
This Magnificent hunt. 
In his mind, it's going to be a 

2446
02:06:39,800 --> 02:06:41,800
perfect day. 
Good weather, good company. 

2447
02:06:41,800 --> 02:06:44,200
And plenty of rabbits to provide
exciting sport. 

2448
02:06:45,000 --> 02:06:47,100
Bertier. 
Meanwhile is dealing with the 

2449
02:06:47,100 --> 02:06:49,900
Practical details. 
Could you please advise on the 

2450
02:06:49,900 --> 02:06:52,000
optimal location for releasing 
the rabbits? 

2451
02:06:52,000 --> 02:06:54,000
How many should be released at 
once? 

2452
02:06:54,000 --> 02:06:57,300
Should they be released all at 
the same time or in waves to 

2453
02:06:57,308 --> 02:06:59,000
keep the hunting interesting 
throughout the day? 

2454
02:06:59,900 --> 02:07:02,400
These are the kinds of questions
that don't come up in military 

2455
02:07:02,400 --> 02:07:05,500
planning, but they're crucial 
for a successful Hunting Party. 

2456
02:07:05,500 --> 02:07:08,900
The decision is made to release 
all the rabbits at once from 

2457
02:07:08,900 --> 02:07:12,000
several different points around 
the hunting grounds, the move 

2458
02:07:12,000 --> 02:07:14,600
should provide plenty of targets
and ensure that the rabbit 

2459
02:07:14,600 --> 02:07:17,600
scatter in all directions, 
giving everyone a good chance at

2460
02:07:17,600 --> 02:07:20,000
some hunting. 
It seems like a perfectly 

2461
02:07:20,000 --> 02:07:23,800
reasonable plan, as you go to 
bed, imagine the wraps in their 

2462
02:07:23,800 --> 02:07:26,800
cages unaware that they are 
about to make history in the 

2463
02:07:26,800 --> 02:07:29,700
most unexpected way, the morning
of the great rabbit, hunt 

2464
02:07:29,700 --> 02:07:32,500
Dawn's, clear, and bright the 
kind of summer day. 

2465
02:07:32,500 --> 02:07:34,600
That makes you want to be 
outside doing something active. 

2466
02:07:35,400 --> 02:07:37,600
Napoleon wakes up in an 
excellent mood. 

2467
02:07:37,600 --> 02:07:40,700
Probably humming to himself as 
he gets dressed in his hunting 

2468
02:07:40,700 --> 02:07:42,800
outfit. 
He's chosen his clothes 

2469
02:07:42,800 --> 02:07:46,100
carefully elegant. 
But practical the fitting an 

2470
02:07:46,100 --> 02:07:48,200
emperor who's about to 
demonstrate his prowess in the 

2471
02:07:48,200 --> 02:07:51,400
field, you can pick him standing
in front of his mirror, 

2472
02:07:51,400 --> 02:07:54,200
adjusting his coat. 
Making sure everything is 

2473
02:07:54,200 --> 02:07:56,600
perfect. 
This isn't just a hunting trip. 

2474
02:07:56,600 --> 02:08:00,200
It's a performance. 
Napoleon wants to present 

2475
02:08:00,200 --> 02:08:03,500
himself as a masterful huntsman 
to all the important people in 

2476
02:08:03,500 --> 02:08:05,500
his government and Military who 
will be present. 

2477
02:08:06,800 --> 02:08:09,500
The guests start arriving at 
malmas in the late morning. 

2478
02:08:09,500 --> 02:08:12,900
These aren't just casual friends
invited for a day of sport. 

2479
02:08:12,900 --> 02:08:16,300
These are the power Brokers of 
the French Empire, Military 

2480
02:08:16,300 --> 02:08:18,500
Officers, who've helped Napoleon
conquer Europe. 

2481
02:08:18,500 --> 02:08:22,100
Government officials who run his
administration and diplomats who

2482
02:08:22,100 --> 02:08:25,200
negotiate his treaties, 
Everyone's dressed in their 

2483
02:08:25,200 --> 02:08:27,900
finest hunting attire, carrying 
beautiful rifles. 

2484
02:08:27,900 --> 02:08:31,000
Looking forward to a day of 
Imperial entertainment. 

2485
02:08:31,900 --> 02:08:35,700
The atmosphere is festive and 
relaxed after years of constant 

2486
02:08:35,700 --> 02:08:37,400
Warfare. 
Everyone's ready for a break. 

2487
02:08:37,400 --> 02:08:41,300
The Treaty of tilsit has brought
to Temporary peace to Europe and

2488
02:08:41,500 --> 02:08:44,100
the first time in years 
Napoleon's in a circle can 

2489
02:08:44,100 --> 02:08:46,800
gather without discussing 
military campaigns or political 

2490
02:08:46,800 --> 02:08:48,800
crises. 
It's just going to be a pleasant

2491
02:08:48,800 --> 02:08:53,000
day of hunting tasty food and 
masculine camaraderie. 38, 

2492
02:08:53,000 --> 02:08:55,500
meanwhile, is running around 
making sure everything is 

2493
02:08:55,500 --> 02:08:57,700
perfect. 
He's coordinating with the 

2494
02:08:57,700 --> 02:08:59,900
beaters, who will drive the 
rabbits toward the hunters. 

2495
02:08:59,900 --> 02:09:02,900
Checking that the refreshment 
stations are properly stocked 

2496
02:09:02,900 --> 02:09:06,200
and making sure all the rifles 
are in excellent working order. 

2497
02:09:07,000 --> 02:09:09,900
He's also supervising the final 
preparation for the Rabbit 

2498
02:09:09,900 --> 02:09:12,200
release. 
Throughout the hunting grounds. 

2499
02:09:12,200 --> 02:09:15,600
The rabbits themselves are 
placed in key, locations of 

2500
02:09:15,600 --> 02:09:18,100
cages are scattered through the 
woods and Fields. 

2501
02:09:18,100 --> 02:09:21,300
Each one containing several 
rabbits ready to be released on 

2502
02:09:21,300 --> 02:09:25,800
Signal The plan is beautifully. 
Simple, when Napoleon gives the 

2503
02:09:25,800 --> 02:09:28,300
word, all the cages will be open
simultaneously. 

2504
02:09:28,300 --> 02:09:31,600
Releasing a small army of 
rabbits into the countryside. 

2505
02:09:31,600 --> 02:09:35,000
The hunters will then fan out, 
and begin their sport. 

2506
02:09:35,800 --> 02:09:38,800
What nobody realizes that the 
majority of these rabbits have 

2507
02:09:38,800 --> 02:09:40,600
spent their entire lives in 
captivity. 

2508
02:09:41,500 --> 02:09:45,600
They've been hand fed by Farmers
handled by humans and generally 

2509
02:09:45,600 --> 02:09:48,000
treated as livestock rather than
wild animals. 

2510
02:09:48,900 --> 02:09:50,600
They don't have the instincts 
that would make them good 

2511
02:09:50,600 --> 02:09:52,300
hunting targets, they don't 
know. 

2512
02:09:52,300 --> 02:09:53,800
They're supposed to be afraid of
humans. 

2513
02:09:55,400 --> 02:09:58,900
The Hunting Party gathers in the
main field and Napoleon gives a 

2514
02:09:58,900 --> 02:10:00,400
little speech about the days 
activities. 

2515
02:10:00,400 --> 02:10:04,600
He's in his element commanding 
attention, setting the tone for 

2516
02:10:04,600 --> 02:10:06,200
what he expects to be a 
memorable day. 

2517
02:10:07,100 --> 02:10:10,000
The rifles are loaded. 
The beaters are in position and 

2518
02:10:10,000 --> 02:10:13,800
everyone's ready for the grand 
release. 38, gives the signal 

2519
02:10:13,800 --> 02:10:17,100
and all across the hunting 
grounds cage doors, swing open. 

2520
02:10:18,100 --> 02:10:21,500
Hundreds of rabbits, hop out 
into the sunshine, probably 

2521
02:10:21,500 --> 02:10:24,500
blinking in the southern 
brightness and looking around to

2522
02:10:24,500 --> 02:10:28,100
get their bearings. 
For a brief moment, everything 

2523
02:10:28,100 --> 02:10:29,900
appears to be proceeding as 
planned. 

2524
02:10:29,900 --> 02:10:33,500
The hunters spread out across 
the field rifles, ready 

2525
02:10:33,500 --> 02:10:37,100
expecting the rabbits to scatter
in all directions and provide 

2526
02:10:37,100 --> 02:10:41,100
them with moving targets. 
Napoleon himself takes a 

2527
02:10:41,100 --> 02:10:42,200
position in the center of the 
field. 

2528
02:10:42,200 --> 02:10:44,800
Probably. 
Feeling very satisfied with how 

2529
02:10:44,800 --> 02:10:47,900
well everything is organized. 
But then something unexpected 

2530
02:10:47,900 --> 02:10:50,900
happens instead of running away 
from the humans. 

2531
02:10:50,900 --> 02:10:52,500
The rabbits start moving toward 
them. 

2532
02:10:52,500 --> 02:10:55,500
Not just a few rabbits, a dozens
of them. 

2533
02:10:55,500 --> 02:10:58,800
Then hundreds, they're hopping 
across the field with what 

2534
02:10:58,800 --> 02:11:01,100
appears to be. 
Determination heading straight 

2535
02:11:01,100 --> 02:11:04,300
for the hunting party. 
At first the scene probably 

2536
02:11:04,300 --> 02:11:07,300
seems amusing rather an 
alarming, maybe Napoleon 

2537
02:11:07,300 --> 02:11:10,700
Chuckles and makes a joke about 
Brave rabbits, maybe some of the

2538
02:11:10,700 --> 02:11:13,200
officers laugh about rabbits 
that don't know their supposed 

2539
02:11:13,200 --> 02:11:16,600
to be afraid of hunters. 
It's quirky and unexpected but 

2540
02:11:16,600 --> 02:11:20,500
not necessarily problematic but 
the rabbits keep coming and more

2541
02:11:20,500 --> 02:11:22,100
rabbits, keep emerging from the 
woods. 

2542
02:11:22,100 --> 02:11:25,300
And instead of providing moving 
targets, running away from the 

2543
02:11:25,300 --> 02:11:28,600
hunters, their converging on the
humans like their expecting 

2544
02:11:28,600 --> 02:11:31,300
something, which of course they 
are. 

2545
02:11:31,308 --> 02:11:35,300
They are expecting to be fed, 
just like they've been fed every

2546
02:11:35,300 --> 02:11:39,400
day of their lives. 
The Hunting Party Starts to 

2547
02:11:39,400 --> 02:11:42,100
realize that something is going 
very wrong with their carefully 

2548
02:11:42,100 --> 02:11:45,200
planned day of sport. 
These aren't wild rabbits 

2549
02:11:45,200 --> 02:11:47,900
behaving, like wild rabbits, 
these are domestic. 

2550
02:11:47,900 --> 02:11:51,000
Rabbits behaving, like domestic,
rabbits and domestic rabbits 

2551
02:11:51,000 --> 02:11:53,400
have very different ideas about 
what humans are for. 

2552
02:11:54,300 --> 02:11:57,400
As you drift off to sleep. 
Imagine Napoleon standing in 

2553
02:11:57,400 --> 02:12:00,400
that field rifle. 
In he observing hundreds of 

2554
02:12:00,408 --> 02:12:03,600
rabbits, hopping toward him with
an unmistakable confidence and 

2555
02:12:03,600 --> 02:12:06,700
beginning to realize that his 
perfect Hunting Party is about 

2556
02:12:06,700 --> 02:12:08,900
to transform into something 
entirely different. 

2557
02:12:08,900 --> 02:12:12,600
Do you recall the moment when 
you become aware of a dire 

2558
02:12:12,600 --> 02:12:15,000
situation? 
Yet uncertain about how to 

2559
02:12:15,000 --> 02:12:17,700
address it? 
That's exactly where Napoleon 

2560
02:12:17,700 --> 02:12:20,100
finds himself. 
Has hundreds of rabbits, 

2561
02:12:20,100 --> 02:12:23,200
continue hopping toward the 
hunting party with what can only

2562
02:12:23,200 --> 02:12:27,100
be described as enthusiasm at 
first, the situation is more 

2563
02:12:27,100 --> 02:12:30,100
puzzling than alarming. 
These are supposed to be prey 

2564
02:12:30,100 --> 02:12:33,300
animals after all their supposed
to run away when they see humans

2565
02:12:33,300 --> 02:12:36,300
with rifles. 
Instead, there are approaching 

2566
02:12:36,300 --> 02:12:39,800
like their expecting a handout. 
Some of the officers are still 

2567
02:12:39,800 --> 02:12:43,200
chuckling nervously making jokes
about Fearless French rabbits 

2568
02:12:43,200 --> 02:12:47,400
showing their patriotic spirit. 
But the rabbits keep coming and 

2569
02:12:47,400 --> 02:12:50,100
they're not just approaching 
their surrounding the hunting 

2570
02:12:50,100 --> 02:12:52,200
party. 
It's like watching a slow 

2571
02:12:52,200 --> 02:12:54,200
motion. 
Avalanche of fur, and floppy 

2572
02:12:54,200 --> 02:12:56,800
ears. 
The rabbits hopped closer and 

2573
02:12:56,800 --> 02:12:59,900
closer, and some of them start 
doing what domestic rabbits do 

2574
02:12:59,900 --> 02:13:01,400
when they want attention from 
humans. 

2575
02:13:01,400 --> 02:13:05,600
They start climbing picture, 
imagine Napoleon, the emperor of

2576
02:13:05,600 --> 02:13:08,800
France and conqueror of Europe 
standing in a field As Rabbits, 

2577
02:13:08,800 --> 02:13:12,600
begin hopping onto his boots, 
then onto his legs, then up with

2578
02:13:12,600 --> 02:13:14,800
his coat. 
These aren't tiny rabbits, 

2579
02:13:14,800 --> 02:13:18,100
either, these are well-fed farm,
rabbits, some of them weighing 

2580
02:13:18,100 --> 02:13:20,300
several pounds each and they're 
treating Napoleon. 

2581
02:13:20,300 --> 02:13:22,600
Like he's their favorite farmer 
coming to feed them. 

2582
02:13:23,300 --> 02:13:25,400
The other Hunters are 
experiencing the same problem, 

2583
02:13:25,400 --> 02:13:28,400
rabbits are climbing all over 
them getting tangled in their 

2584
02:13:28,400 --> 02:13:31,300
hunting gear and generally 
behaving like overly Friendly 

2585
02:13:31,300 --> 02:13:35,000
Pets rather than Wild game. 
Some of the officers are trying 

2586
02:13:35,000 --> 02:13:36,500
to gently push, the rabbits 
away. 

2587
02:13:36,500 --> 02:13:39,500
That there are two many of them 
and they keep coming. 

2588
02:13:40,900 --> 02:13:44,200
Napoleon's initial Amusement is 
rapidly turning to irritation. 

2589
02:13:44,200 --> 02:13:47,800
This is not how an imperial 
Hunting Party supposed to go. 

2590
02:13:47,800 --> 02:13:51,700
He supposed to be demonstrating 
his Marksmanship enjoying 

2591
02:13:51,700 --> 02:13:54,600
civilized Sport with his 
colleague's and creating stories

2592
02:13:54,600 --> 02:13:55,800
that will enhance his 
reputation. 

2593
02:13:56,900 --> 02:14:00,700
Instead he is being overwhelmed 
by affectionate rabbits the 

2594
02:14:00,700 --> 02:14:03,700
situation gets worse when the 
rabbits start exhibiting more, 

2595
02:14:03,700 --> 02:14:06,800
aggressive behavior, They are 
not aggressive in the sense of 

2596
02:14:06,800 --> 02:14:10,400
attacking but aggressive in the 
sense of relentlessly pursuing 

2597
02:14:10,400 --> 02:14:13,700
their desires and what they want
having been trained by a 

2598
02:14:13,700 --> 02:14:17,400
lifetime of human interaction is
food and attention from these 

2599
02:14:17,400 --> 02:14:19,100
humans who have appeared in 
their territory. 

2600
02:14:20,200 --> 02:14:22,900
Some of the larger rabbits begin
to exhibit Bolder Behavior. 

2601
02:14:22,900 --> 02:14:26,100
They're not just climbing on the
hunters, there exploring 

2602
02:14:26,100 --> 02:14:29,500
Pockets, chewing on clothing and
generally treating The Hunting 

2603
02:14:29,500 --> 02:14:33,200
Party like a mobile petting zoo 
Napoleon finds himself with 

2604
02:14:33,200 --> 02:14:36,600
rabbits in his coat Pockets 
rabbits tugging at his buttons 

2605
02:14:36,600 --> 02:14:39,400
and rabbits that seemed 
determined to climb all the way 

2606
02:14:39,400 --> 02:14:42,800
up to his shoulders. 
The rifles intended for hunting 

2607
02:14:42,800 --> 02:14:44,800
turn into completely useless 
tools. 

2608
02:14:44,800 --> 02:14:47,600
You can't shoot at rabbits that 
are climbing all over you 

2609
02:14:47,600 --> 02:14:49,900
without risking injury, to 
yourself or your fellow hunters.

2610
02:14:49,900 --> 02:14:53,000
And even if you could get a 
clear shot, these rabbits are so

2611
02:14:53,008 --> 02:14:55,300
tame and friendly that shooting 
them would feel less like 

2612
02:14:55,300 --> 02:14:59,200
hunting and more like Massacre. 
Watching This Disaster unfold, 

2613
02:14:59,200 --> 02:15:01,600
probably realizes exactly what 
went wrong. 

2614
02:15:02,400 --> 02:15:05,500
Instead of encountering wild. 
Rabbits beta has encountered 

2615
02:15:05,500 --> 02:15:09,500
domestic rabbits who view humans
are sources of food and comfort 

2616
02:15:09,500 --> 02:15:13,300
rather than as potential 
predators But realizing the 

2617
02:15:13,300 --> 02:15:15,700
problem and fixing it, a two 
different things, especially 

2618
02:15:15,700 --> 02:15:18,100
when you're dealing with 
hundreds of determined rabbits, 

2619
02:15:18,100 --> 02:15:21,000
the hunters try various 
strategies to deal with their 

2620
02:15:21,000 --> 02:15:24,500
situation, some attempt to walk 
away from the rabbits but the 

2621
02:15:24,500 --> 02:15:27,600
rabbit simply follow them. 
Treating the scenario is a fun 

2622
02:15:27,600 --> 02:15:29,900
game. 
Others try to shoo the rabbits 

2623
02:15:29,900 --> 02:15:33,400
away but the rabbits interpret 
this as playful interaction and 

2624
02:15:33,400 --> 02:15:36,300
become even more enthusiastic 
Napoleon. 

2625
02:15:36,300 --> 02:15:39,000
Meanwhile is getting genuinely 
frustrated, he's trying to 

2626
02:15:39,008 --> 02:15:41,600
maintain his Imperial dignity 
while literally covered in 

2627
02:15:41,600 --> 02:15:45,000
rabbits, every time he manages 
to remove one rabbit from his 

2628
02:15:45,000 --> 02:15:46,900
person, two more, take its 
place. 

2629
02:15:46,900 --> 02:15:50,100
His carefully planned hunting. 
Outfit is getting covered in 

2630
02:15:50,100 --> 02:15:52,700
rabbit fur and possibly other 
things that rabbits leave 

2631
02:15:52,700 --> 02:15:55,000
behind. 
The other members of The Hunting

2632
02:15:55,000 --> 02:15:56,300
Party are having their 
struggles. 

2633
02:15:56,300 --> 02:15:59,000
These men in Portland, 
government officials and 

2634
02:15:59,000 --> 02:16:01,900
Military Officers are accustomed
to receiving respect and 

2635
02:16:01,900 --> 02:16:04,400
deference. 
Instead they're being treated 

2636
02:16:04,400 --> 02:16:07,700
like walking Rabbit toys by an 
army of overly friendly farm 

2637
02:16:07,700 --> 02:16:10,400
animals. 
The beaters who were supposed to

2638
02:16:10,400 --> 02:16:12,900
drive the rabbits toward the 
hunters a standing around 

2639
02:16:12,900 --> 02:16:15,500
looking confused. 
Their job was to make sure the 

2640
02:16:15,500 --> 02:16:16,900
rabbits ran in the right 
direction. 

2641
02:16:16,900 --> 02:16:19,300
But these rabbits don't need to 
be driven anywhere. 

2642
02:16:20,000 --> 02:16:23,700
The rabbits are precisely where 
they should be swarming all over

2643
02:16:23,700 --> 02:16:25,500
the humans. 
They believe their their to feed

2644
02:16:25,508 --> 02:16:29,400
them as the situation continues 
to deteriorate and Napoleon 

2645
02:16:29,400 --> 02:16:32,200
starts giving orders. 
He's a military commander after 

2646
02:16:32,200 --> 02:16:35,600
all and his instinct when faced 
with a crisis is to take charge 

2647
02:16:35,600 --> 02:16:39,100
and start issuing commands. 
What exactly do you instruct 

2648
02:16:39,100 --> 02:16:42,600
when you're being surrounded by 
amiable rabbits Retreat from the

2649
02:16:42,600 --> 02:16:45,200
Rabbit, doesn't sound very 
Imperial tonight. 

2650
02:16:45,200 --> 02:16:48,299
As you settle in picture, 
Napoleon standing in that field,

2651
02:16:48,299 --> 02:16:51,100
his Imperial composure, 
beginning to crack as he 

2652
02:16:51,108 --> 02:16:52,799
realizes that he's about to 
suffer. 

2653
02:16:52,799 --> 02:16:54,900
One of the most ridiculous 
defeats of his career. 

2654
02:16:54,900 --> 02:16:58,100
At the hands of creatures, that 
weigh less than his boots. 

2655
02:16:58,100 --> 02:17:01,299
Every disaster culminates in a 
realization that maintaining 

2656
02:17:01,299 --> 02:17:05,700
dignity is no longer a luxury. 
For Napoleon that moment arrives

2657
02:17:05,700 --> 02:17:08,500
when a particularly large 
rabbit, manages to climb all the

2658
02:17:08,508 --> 02:17:10,700
way up, his coat and perch on 
his shoulder. 

2659
02:17:10,700 --> 02:17:14,900
Like some kind of furry 
floppy-eared parrot, The emperor

2660
02:17:14,900 --> 02:17:17,100
of France, the man who has 
stared down the armies of 

2661
02:17:17,100 --> 02:17:20,600
Austria Prussia and Russia finds
himself in the utterly 

2662
02:17:20,600 --> 02:17:24,100
ridiculous position of being 
unable to dislodge, a single 

2663
02:17:24,100 --> 02:17:27,000
rabbit from his personal without
losing his balance and 

2664
02:17:27,000 --> 02:17:30,200
potentially falling over. 
Naturally doesn't of other 

2665
02:17:30,200 --> 02:17:32,600
rabbits around his feet hopping 
back and forth. 

2666
02:17:32,600 --> 02:17:36,600
Rendering any abrupt movement 
has a dice You can imagine the 

2667
02:17:36,600 --> 02:17:38,900
thoughts going through 
Napoleon's head at this moment. 

2668
02:17:38,900 --> 02:17:41,700
This is supposed to be a 
relaxing day of sport. 

2669
02:17:41,700 --> 02:17:45,500
A chance to unwind with his 
closest Associates and enjoy 

2670
02:17:45,500 --> 02:17:47,400
some traditional aristocratic 
entertainment. 

2671
02:17:48,299 --> 02:17:51,700
Instead an army of overly 
affectionate farm animals is 

2672
02:17:51,700 --> 02:17:55,400
treating him like a jungle gym. 
The other Hunters are faring, 

2673
02:17:55,400 --> 02:17:57,799
know better. 
The creatures that eat lettuce 

2674
02:17:57,799 --> 02:18:00,299
are defeating these seasoned 
Military Officers who have 

2675
02:18:00,299 --> 02:18:02,100
charged into battle without 
flinching. 

2676
02:18:02,900 --> 02:18:05,500
Some of them are trying to 
maintain their composure, but 

2677
02:18:05,500 --> 02:18:08,200
it's hard to look dignified when
you're covered in rabbit fur and

2678
02:18:08,200 --> 02:18:09,900
there's a rabbit trying to nest 
in your hat. 

2679
02:18:11,600 --> 02:18:15,000
The situation reaches its peak, 
when someone history doesn't 

2680
02:18:15,000 --> 02:18:18,400
record, who makes the Fatal 
mistake of trying to run away 

2681
02:18:18,400 --> 02:18:20,900
from the rabbits. 
Perhaps, it's one of the younger

2682
02:18:20,900 --> 02:18:24,000
officers, someone who thinks he 
can simply outrun the problem. 

2683
02:18:24,000 --> 02:18:26,900
But running turns out to be 
exactly the wrong strategy, 

2684
02:18:26,900 --> 02:18:30,000
because it triggers every 
rabbits instinct to chase after 

2685
02:18:30,000 --> 02:18:33,400
something that's moving. 
Suddenly in just climbing on the

2686
02:18:33,400 --> 02:18:35,900
stationary humans. 
The rabbits start hopping off to

2687
02:18:35,900 --> 02:18:40,400
the running humans and rabbits. 
It turns out a surprise me fast 

2688
02:18:40,400 --> 02:18:44,200
when they want to be, they can 
hop at speeds of up to 25 miles 

2689
02:18:44,200 --> 02:18:47,500
per hour, which is considerably 
fast than most humans can run 

2690
02:18:47,500 --> 02:18:50,500
while carrying hunting rifles 
and wearing formal hunting 

2691
02:18:50,500 --> 02:18:53,500
attire. 
Napoleon seeing one of his 

2692
02:18:53,500 --> 02:18:56,400
officers being chased across the
field by a horde of bouncing, 

2693
02:18:56,400 --> 02:19:00,100
rabbits probably realizes that 
the situation has moved Beyond 

2694
02:19:00,100 --> 02:19:03,600
embarrassing and into the realm 
of the completely absurd. 

2695
02:19:04,299 --> 02:19:06,500
This is the kind of seen that 
would be funny if it were 

2696
02:19:06,500 --> 02:19:09,700
happening to someone else but is
absolutely mortifying when it's 

2697
02:19:09,700 --> 02:19:13,600
happening to you. 
The decision is reached though. 

2698
02:19:13,600 --> 02:19:16,900
It is not entirely clear who 
made it that the Hunting Party 

2699
02:19:16,900 --> 02:19:19,299
should retreat. 
It's not a tactical 

2700
02:19:19,299 --> 02:19:22,700
repositioning or a strategic 
withdrawal, but a genuine 

2701
02:19:22,700 --> 02:19:26,600
Retreat from an army of rabbits.
Napoleon who has never retreated

2702
02:19:26,600 --> 02:19:29,900
from a human enemy is about to 
retreat from a bunch of farm 

2703
02:19:29,900 --> 02:19:32,700
animals but retreating from 
Rabbits, turns out to be more 

2704
02:19:32,700 --> 02:19:35,400
complicated than retreating. 
From say, Austrian Cavalry. 

2705
02:19:35,400 --> 02:19:38,700
The rabbits don't understand 
military protocol, they don't 

2706
02:19:38,700 --> 02:19:41,100
recognize surrender Flags or 
ceasefire signals. 

2707
02:19:41,100 --> 02:19:44,299
They just see their favorite 
humans trying to leave and their

2708
02:19:44,299 --> 02:19:47,700
determined to follow. 
The hunting party starts moving 

2709
02:19:47,700 --> 02:19:50,200
toward their carriages, but the 
rabbits move with them. 

2710
02:19:50,200 --> 02:19:53,600
Like trying to evacuate a 
building while being followed by

2711
02:19:53,600 --> 02:19:55,700
hundreds of overly enthusiastic 
pets. 

2712
02:19:56,600 --> 02:19:59,500
Every step toward the carriages 
as a company by a bouncing. 

2713
02:19:59,500 --> 02:20:02,500
Escort of rabbits who seem to 
think their presence is the most

2714
02:20:02,500 --> 02:20:04,800
entertaining thing that's ever 
happened to them. 

2715
02:20:04,800 --> 02:20:07,200
Napoleon trying to maintain 
some. 

2716
02:20:07,200 --> 02:20:10,800
Semblance of Imperial dignity 
walks as calmly as he can toward

2717
02:20:10,800 --> 02:20:14,200
his Carriage, but it's hard to 
look Imperial when your brushing

2718
02:20:14,200 --> 02:20:17,400
rabbits off your coat, every few
steps and there's rabbit fur 

2719
02:20:17,400 --> 02:20:19,600
floating around. 
You like some kind of Barnyard, 

2720
02:20:19,600 --> 02:20:23,500
snowstorm Carriages when they 
finally reach them present their

2721
02:20:23,500 --> 02:20:26,500
problems. 
The rabbits completely terrify 

2722
02:20:26,500 --> 02:20:30,300
the horses horses and rabbits 
don't normally interact and the 

2723
02:20:30,300 --> 02:20:33,200
horses aren't sure what to make 
of these small bounce and 

2724
02:20:33,200 --> 02:20:34,800
creatures that keep hopping 
around their hooves. 

2725
02:20:35,600 --> 02:20:38,500
Some of the horses are dancing. 
Nervously, others are trying to 

2726
02:20:38,500 --> 02:20:41,300
back away and the Coachmen are 
struggling to keep them under 

2727
02:20:41,300 --> 02:20:44,000
control. 
Getting into the carriages 

2728
02:20:44,000 --> 02:20:47,200
becomes an operation in itself. 
The moment someone opens a 

2729
02:20:47,200 --> 02:20:50,100
carriage door rabbit start 
trying to hop inside they're not

2730
02:20:50,108 --> 02:20:53,000
being malicious, they just want 
to continue their interaction 

2731
02:20:53,000 --> 02:20:56,600
with these fascinating humans. 
But having a carriage full of 

2732
02:20:56,608 --> 02:20:59,500
rabbits, is not exactly what 
Napoleon had in mind for his 

2733
02:20:59,508 --> 02:21:03,000
dignified departure. 
The scene becomes increasingly 

2734
02:21:03,000 --> 02:21:06,200
chaotic as The Hunting Party 
tries to separate themselves 

2735
02:21:06,200 --> 02:21:09,600
from their rabbit admirers. 
Some of the officers are 

2736
02:21:09,600 --> 02:21:12,400
literally having to pick rabbits
off themselves and set them down

2737
02:21:12,400 --> 02:21:15,700
before climbing into carriages. 
Others are trying to create 

2738
02:21:15,700 --> 02:21:17,700
barriers to keep the rabbits 
from following them. 

2739
02:21:18,500 --> 02:21:21,800
Napoleon finally makes it to his
Carriage probably with less 

2740
02:21:21,800 --> 02:21:23,900
Grace than he's used to 
displaying in public. 

2741
02:21:24,700 --> 02:21:27,400
The Coachman, who was never 
dealt with a rabbit Siege before

2742
02:21:27,400 --> 02:21:30,400
his doing his best, to keep the 
rabbits from climbing onto the 

2743
02:21:30,400 --> 02:21:33,200
carriage itself. 
Some of the more athletic 

2744
02:21:33,200 --> 02:21:35,800
rabbits are actually managing to
hop onto the running boards and 

2745
02:21:35,808 --> 02:21:38,700
peer into the windows. 
As you drift off tonight. 

2746
02:21:38,700 --> 02:21:42,700
Imagine Napoleon sitting in his 
Carriage looking out at a field 

2747
02:21:42,708 --> 02:21:45,700
full of rabbits. 
Are probably wondering why their

2748
02:21:45,700 --> 02:21:48,200
new human friends are leaving 
and trying to figure out how 

2749
02:21:48,200 --> 02:21:50,000
he's going to explain the matter
to anyone. 

2750
02:21:50,000 --> 02:21:53,000
The carriage ride back to 
Melissa, is probably one of the 

2751
02:21:53,000 --> 02:21:55,000
most awkward Journeys in 
Napoleon's life. 

2752
02:21:55,700 --> 02:21:59,000
Here he is the emperor of France
fresh from one of the most 

2753
02:21:59,000 --> 02:22:00,900
embarrassing defeats in military
history. 

2754
02:22:00,900 --> 02:22:04,200
And he has to sit there with 
rabbit first still clinging to 

2755
02:22:04,200 --> 02:22:06,100
his coat while pretending that 
what just happened. 

2756
02:22:06,100 --> 02:22:09,000
Was somehow normal. 
You can imagine the silence in 

2757
02:22:09,000 --> 02:22:11,600
that Carriage. 
How do you address the situation

2758
02:22:11,600 --> 02:22:14,400
after being unexpectedly? 
Overrun by a group of domestic. 

2759
02:22:14,400 --> 02:22:16,800
Rabbits. 
How might one present that in a 

2760
02:22:16,800 --> 02:22:19,100
way that appears impressive 
rather than absurd? 

2761
02:22:19,800 --> 02:22:23,600
Napoleon who typically possesses
a welfare of words, like he 

2762
02:22:23,600 --> 02:22:26,500
spends the entire Journey 
attempting to contextualize This

2763
02:22:26,500 --> 02:22:28,900
Disaster. 
The other carriages are dealing 

2764
02:22:28,900 --> 02:22:30,800
with their own awkward 
situations. 

2765
02:22:30,800 --> 02:22:33,400
These are high ranking military 
officers and government 

2766
02:22:33,400 --> 02:22:35,500
officials who have just 
experienced something that 

2767
02:22:35,500 --> 02:22:38,800
defies all their training and 
experience they've been in 

2768
02:22:38,800 --> 02:22:41,500
battles. 
They've negotiated trees and 

2769
02:22:41,500 --> 02:22:44,100
they've dealt with political 
crises, but none of that 

2770
02:22:44,100 --> 02:22:46,700
prepared them for being climbed 
on by overly friendly farm 

2771
02:22:46,700 --> 02:22:49,300
animals. 
Some officers may be joking to 

2772
02:22:49,300 --> 02:22:52,100
lighten the mood, but what do 
you joke about when rabbits have

2773
02:22:52,100 --> 02:22:55,000
just defeated your Emperor? 
Others are maintaining a 

2774
02:22:55,000 --> 02:22:58,200
dignified silence pretending 
that nothing unusual has 

2775
02:22:58,200 --> 02:23:00,000
happened. 
A few are probably already 

2776
02:23:00,000 --> 02:23:03,000
trying to figure out how to tell
the story to their wives without

2777
02:23:03,000 --> 02:23:06,700
sounding completely insane. 
Meanwhile, back at the hunting 

2778
02:23:06,700 --> 02:23:10,600
grounds Bertier is left to deal 
with the aftermath, but he a 

2779
02:23:10,600 --> 02:23:13,000
must decide how to handle the 
hundreds of rabbits roaming. 

2780
02:23:13,000 --> 02:23:15,100
The estate. 
He can't just leave them there. 

2781
02:23:15,100 --> 02:23:17,600
They're not wild rabbits. 
So they don't know how to 

2782
02:23:17,600 --> 02:23:21,000
survive on their own, but he 
also can't exactly round them 

2783
02:23:21,000 --> 02:23:24,200
all up and return them to their 
original owners because that 

2784
02:23:24,200 --> 02:23:25,800
would require admitting what 
happened. 

2785
02:23:26,900 --> 02:23:29,500
The estate staff is probably 
having the strangest day of 

2786
02:23:29,508 --> 02:23:32,200
their careers, the 
groundskeepers who were 

2787
02:23:32,208 --> 02:23:35,200
expecting to help with a normal 
Hunting Party are now dealing 

2788
02:23:35,200 --> 02:23:36,800
with a rabbit population 
explosion. 

2789
02:23:37,600 --> 02:23:41,000
The stable hands are trying to 
calm down horses who are stilled

2790
02:23:41,000 --> 02:23:43,900
by the mornings of events. 
Everyone is attempting to 

2791
02:23:43,900 --> 02:23:46,500
restore some semblance of 
normalcy to the once peaceful 

2792
02:23:46,500 --> 02:23:49,600
country estate. 
Word of the rabbit incident 

2793
02:23:49,600 --> 02:23:52,700
starts spreading almost 
immediately, despite everyone's 

2794
02:23:52,700 --> 02:23:55,300
best efforts to keep it quiet. 
Servants. 

2795
02:23:55,300 --> 02:23:58,000
Talk to other servants. 
Coachmen share stories with 

2796
02:23:58,000 --> 02:24:01,100
other Coachmen and pretty soon. 
The tale is making its way 

2797
02:24:01,100 --> 02:24:02,700
through the Social Circle of 
Paris. 

2798
02:24:03,900 --> 02:24:06,000
Stories, that spread aren't 
exactly accurate. 

2799
02:24:06,000 --> 02:24:09,700
There are embellished 
exaggerated and twisted into 

2800
02:24:09,700 --> 02:24:12,400
something, even more ridiculous 
than what actually happened. 

2801
02:24:13,100 --> 02:24:15,900
Meanwhile, Napoleon grapples 
with a crisis of public 

2802
02:24:15,900 --> 02:24:18,600
relations. 
Napoleon has established his 

2803
02:24:18,600 --> 02:24:22,700
reputation by being Invincible. 
Mastering every situation and 

2804
02:24:22,700 --> 02:24:24,600
never letting anyone catch him 
off guard. 

2805
02:24:25,200 --> 02:24:27,700
The idea that he could be 
defeated by a bunch of rabbits 

2806
02:24:27,700 --> 02:24:31,000
is exactly the kind of story 
that his political enemies would

2807
02:24:31,000 --> 02:24:34,200
love to spread around Europe. 
The official version of events 

2808
02:24:34,200 --> 02:24:36,300
that emerges is carefully, 
sanitized. 

2809
02:24:36,300 --> 02:24:40,000
The hunting party was successful
and enjoyable, the emperor 

2810
02:24:40,000 --> 02:24:43,200
demonstrated his excellent 
Marksmanship and everyone had a 

2811
02:24:43,200 --> 02:24:46,600
thoroughly Imperial time. 
Any mention of rabbits behaving 

2812
02:24:46,600 --> 02:24:50,200
unusually as carefully omitted 
from the official records, but 

2813
02:24:50,200 --> 02:24:51,800
you can't completely suppress a 
story. 

2814
02:24:51,800 --> 02:24:55,400
This good Whispers and private 
letters circulate the rabbit 

2815
02:24:55,400 --> 02:24:58,600
incident as a historical 
anecdote Military Officers. 

2816
02:24:58,600 --> 02:25:01,900
Tell the story to their friends,
government officials, share it 

2817
02:25:01,900 --> 02:25:03,600
with their families and 
gradually. 

2818
02:25:03,600 --> 02:25:06,000
It becomes part of The 
Unofficial history of Napoleon's

2819
02:25:06,000 --> 02:25:10,300
reign, The irony lies in the 
fact that this absurd rabbit 

2820
02:25:10,300 --> 02:25:13,400
defeat occurs during the 
Pinnacle of Napoleon's power. 

2821
02:25:13,400 --> 02:25:16,100
He's just negotiated the Treaty 
of tilsit. 

2822
02:25:16,100 --> 02:25:19,100
He controls most of Europe and 
he's at the peak of his 

2823
02:25:19,100 --> 02:25:20,500
political and Military 
influence. 

2824
02:25:20,500 --> 02:25:25,100
However, he finds himself 
completely powerless against a 

2825
02:25:25,100 --> 02:25:28,000
group of domestic, rabbits who 
really seek food and affection. 

2826
02:25:28,800 --> 02:25:32,500
Years later when Napoleon is in 
Exile on Saint Helena, he 

2827
02:25:32,500 --> 02:25:35,700
probably has plenty of time to 
reflect on the rapid incident. 

2828
02:25:35,700 --> 02:25:39,500
The story becomes, increasingly 
humorous, over time and distance

2829
02:25:39,500 --> 02:25:41,700
yet. 
It also serves as a poignant 

2830
02:25:41,700 --> 02:25:44,700
illustration of how even the 
most powerful individuals can 

2831
02:25:44,700 --> 02:25:48,800
succumb to unforeseen 
circumstances. 30A, meanwhile 

2832
02:25:48,800 --> 02:25:52,500
learns a valuable lesson about 
the importance of understanding 

2833
02:25:52,500 --> 02:25:55,700
your resources, your 
successfully managed, military 

2834
02:25:55,700 --> 02:25:58,600
logistics for some of the most 
complex campaigns in European 

2835
02:25:58,600 --> 02:26:00,900
history. 
But is failure to distinguish 

2836
02:26:00,900 --> 02:26:04,400
between wild and domestic 
rabbits as led to his defeat 

2837
02:26:05,300 --> 02:26:07,200
Probably not a mistake he'll 
ever make again. 

2838
02:26:08,100 --> 02:26:11,300
The rabbits themselves have had 
their brief moment of historical

2839
02:26:11,300 --> 02:26:14,100
significance. 
Our eventually rounded up and 

2840
02:26:14,100 --> 02:26:15,700
returned to more conventional 
lives. 

2841
02:26:16,500 --> 02:26:18,500
Some probably end up back on 
farms. 

2842
02:26:18,500 --> 02:26:21,600
Others might be relocated to 
areas where they can live more 

2843
02:26:21,600 --> 02:26:25,100
naturally. 
But for one morning in 1807, 

2844
02:26:25,100 --> 02:26:28,700
they were the most important 
creatures and France as you 

2845
02:26:28,700 --> 02:26:31,200
settle in for the night. 
Think about how this story 

2846
02:26:31,200 --> 02:26:34,600
reveals something essential 
about human nature, no matter 

2847
02:26:34,600 --> 02:26:37,900
how powerful or important, we 
become we're all just one in 

2848
02:26:37,900 --> 02:26:40,400
counter with unexpected, rabbits
away from looking completely 

2849
02:26:40,400 --> 02:26:42,700
ridiculous. 
The beautiful thing about 

2850
02:26:42,700 --> 02:26:46,100
Napoleon's rapid incident is how
it perfectly captures the 

2851
02:26:46,100 --> 02:26:48,300
absurdity. 
That looks beneath all human 

2852
02:26:48,300 --> 02:26:51,100
pretension. 
Here we have the most powerful 

2853
02:26:51,100 --> 02:26:53,400
man in Europe. 
Someone who has literally 

2854
02:26:53,400 --> 02:26:57,100
reshaped the political landscape
of an entire continent and he's 

2855
02:26:57,100 --> 02:26:59,700
brought down by creatures. 
Most people consider suitable 

2856
02:26:59,700 --> 02:27:03,500
for children's petting zoos, The
stories continued survival, 

2857
02:27:03,500 --> 02:27:07,200
despite everyone's best efforts 
to suppress it adds to its 

2858
02:27:07,200 --> 02:27:09,900
Delight. 
Napoleon's government certainly 

2859
02:27:09,900 --> 02:27:12,800
didn't want this story getting 
out and most of the participants

2860
02:27:12,800 --> 02:27:15,400
probably preferred not to talk 
about their morning being 

2861
02:27:15,400 --> 02:27:19,200
overwhelmed by farm animals, but
the story was simply too good to

2862
02:27:19,200 --> 02:27:22,300
stay buried. 
Over the years, the rapid 

2863
02:27:22,300 --> 02:27:25,800
incident has taken on a life of 
its own each telling, like all 

2864
02:27:25,800 --> 02:27:28,700
good, historical anecdotes 
embellishes and exaggerates the 

2865
02:27:28,700 --> 02:27:31,800
story. 
In certain Renditions, thousands

2866
02:27:31,800 --> 02:27:34,900
of rabbits, completely 
overwhelmed, Napoleon in other 

2867
02:27:34,900 --> 02:27:36,600
versions. 
The rapid attack actually. 

2868
02:27:36,600 --> 02:27:39,700
Injures in Napoleon, some 
stories claim the rabbits would 

2869
02:27:39,700 --> 02:27:42,800
deliberately released as part of
a practical joke, While others 

2870
02:27:42,800 --> 02:27:45,200
suggest they were trained to 
attack rabbits deployed by his 

2871
02:27:45,200 --> 02:27:48,400
enemies. 
The truth, as you now know, is 

2872
02:27:48,400 --> 02:27:51,700
both more mundane and more 
amusing than the Legends, it 

2873
02:27:51,700 --> 02:27:54,300
wasn't thousands of rabbits and 
they were trying to attack 

2874
02:27:54,300 --> 02:27:55,900
anyone. 
Who was simply a case of 

2875
02:27:55,900 --> 02:27:59,100
domestic rabbits behaving, like 
domestic rabbits, treating 

2876
02:27:59,100 --> 02:28:01,700
humans as sources of food and 
comfort, rather than as 

2877
02:28:01,700 --> 02:28:05,400
predators to be avoided. 
Story endures because it reveals

2878
02:28:05,400 --> 02:28:07,800
something important about power 
and Human Nature. 

2879
02:28:08,900 --> 02:28:12,000
Napoleon dedicated the majority 
of his career to demonstrating 

2880
02:28:12,000 --> 02:28:14,900
his ability to sum out any 
challenge through his unwavering

2881
02:28:14,900 --> 02:28:18,400
determination, strategic 
planning and exceptional 

2882
02:28:18,400 --> 02:28:22,400
organizational skills. 
He defeated armies conquered 

2883
02:28:22,400 --> 02:28:25,300
Nations and rewrote the laws of 
entire societies. 

2884
02:28:25,300 --> 02:28:28,400
However, he was unable to 
overcome a group of hungry, 

2885
02:28:28,400 --> 02:28:31,000
rabbits, there's something 
deeply, satisfying about this 

2886
02:28:31,000 --> 02:28:33,600
story, especially for those of 
us who sometimes feel 

2887
02:28:33,600 --> 02:28:36,100
overwhelmed by the ordinary 
challenges of daily life. 

2888
02:28:36,900 --> 02:28:39,900
If rabbits can defeat Napoleon 
Bonaparte, perhaps our own minus

2889
02:28:39,900 --> 02:28:42,900
setbacks, don't carry such 
embarrassment, maybe getting 

2890
02:28:42,900 --> 02:28:46,200
flustered by a technology 
problem or being outwitted by a 

2891
02:28:46,200 --> 02:28:49,100
household, pet, or failing to 
assemble a piece of furniture 

2892
02:28:49,100 --> 02:28:51,100
properly. 
Puts us, in pretty good company.

2893
02:28:52,800 --> 02:28:54,400
The rabbit incident. 
All so highlights, the 

2894
02:28:54,400 --> 02:28:57,200
importance of understanding your
resources and your environment. 

2895
02:28:58,300 --> 02:29:01,600
Bertier was an excellent 
organizer, but he failed to ask 

2896
02:29:01,600 --> 02:29:03,700
the right questions about the 
rabbits he was acquiring. 

2897
02:29:03,700 --> 02:29:07,600
He focused on quantity rather 
than quality and he didn't 

2898
02:29:07,600 --> 02:29:10,100
consider how the rabbits 
background might affect their 

2899
02:29:10,100 --> 02:29:12,500
behavior. 
It's a lesson that applies to 

2900
02:29:12,500 --> 02:29:15,500
everything from military 
campaigns to dinner parties, The

2901
02:29:15,500 --> 02:29:19,400
Details Matter and assumptions 
can be dangerous. modern 

2902
02:29:19,400 --> 02:29:22,300
historians have used the rabbit 
story as an example of how even 

2903
02:29:22,300 --> 02:29:24,600
the most carefully planned 
events can go wrong in 

2904
02:29:24,600 --> 02:29:28,000
unexpected ways, it's become a 
case study in the limits of 

2905
02:29:28,008 --> 02:29:31,800
control and the importance of 
contingency planning, military 

2906
02:29:31,800 --> 02:29:34,000
academies. 
Sometimes use it as humorous 

2907
02:29:34,000 --> 02:29:36,700
example of how intelligence 
gathering should include 

2908
02:29:36,700 --> 02:29:40,200
seemingly trivial details. 
The story has also become a 

2909
02:29:40,200 --> 02:29:42,500
favorite among those who study 
the psychology of power. 

2910
02:29:44,000 --> 02:29:47,300
Napoleon's reaction to the 
rabbit incident, his apparent 

2911
02:29:47,300 --> 02:29:50,900
inability to laugh at himself. 
His focus on damage control, 

2912
02:29:50,900 --> 02:29:53,400
rather than enjoying the 
absurdity reveals. 

2913
02:29:53,400 --> 02:29:56,000
Something about how absolute 
power can make people lose their

2914
02:29:56,000 --> 02:29:59,200
sense of humor about themselves.
But the rabbit incidents. 

2915
02:29:59,200 --> 02:30:03,700
Most lasting lesson is that life
is unpredictable and absurd, no 

2916
02:30:03,700 --> 02:30:05,400
matter who you are, or how 
powerful you are. 

2917
02:30:06,300 --> 02:30:08,800
Napoleon could plan brilliant 
military campaigns and 

2918
02:30:08,800 --> 02:30:12,200
reorganize entire legal systems 
but he couldn't plan for the 

2919
02:30:12,200 --> 02:30:15,600
possibility that hundreds of 
domestic rabbits would mistake 

2920
02:30:15,600 --> 02:30:18,500
him for their favorite farmer. 
The rabbits of course, were 

2921
02:30:18,500 --> 02:30:21,600
completely innocent in all this 
it would just being rabbits 

2922
02:30:21,600 --> 02:30:23,700
following their instincts and 
their training. 

2923
02:30:25,000 --> 02:30:28,900
They saw humans and expected 
food and attention just as 

2924
02:30:28,900 --> 02:30:31,500
they'd been conditioned to 
expect throughout their lives 

2925
02:30:31,500 --> 02:30:34,300
from their perspective. 
The humans were the ones 

2926
02:30:34,300 --> 02:30:36,100
behaving strangely by running 
away. 

2927
02:30:36,100 --> 02:30:39,600
Instead of providing the 
expected carrots and lettuce. 

2928
02:30:39,600 --> 02:30:43,400
In the end, the rabbit incident 
becomes a perfect metaphor for 

2929
02:30:43,400 --> 02:30:47,000
the gap between our plans, and 
reality between our self-image 

2930
02:30:47,000 --> 02:30:48,500
and how the world actually 
works. 

2931
02:30:49,300 --> 02:30:52,800
Napoleon saw himself as the 
master of Europe, but the rabbit

2932
02:30:52,800 --> 02:30:54,800
saw him as a potential source of
breakfast. 

2933
02:30:54,800 --> 02:30:58,800
Both perspectives were valid but
only one of them was prepared 

2934
02:30:58,800 --> 02:31:00,200
for what actually happened that 
morning. 

2935
02:31:01,600 --> 02:31:03,000
As you drift off to sleep 
tonight. 

2936
02:31:03,000 --> 02:31:06,500
Remember that, no matter how 
important our plans seem to us, 

2937
02:31:06,500 --> 02:31:09,300
somewhere, there are rabbits who
have their ideas about how 

2938
02:31:09,300 --> 02:31:12,200
things should work. 
And sometimes, just sometimes 

2939
02:31:12,200 --> 02:31:23,000
the rabbits win. the polio 
bonapartes story opens not in 

2940
02:31:23,000 --> 02:31:26,000
the halls of Parisian power, but
on a rugged Mediterranean 

2941
02:31:26,000 --> 02:31:31,900
island, He was born Napoleonic 
Bonaparte in 1769 in a jack SEO,

2942
02:31:31,900 --> 02:31:35,600
Corsica only months after France
sees the island from Genoa. 

2943
02:31:36,300 --> 02:31:39,500
As a boy, he spoke the Italian 
Corsican dialect and Harvard 

2944
02:31:39,500 --> 02:31:41,500
Fierce pride in his Corsa. 
Inheritage. 

2945
02:31:42,000 --> 02:31:44,400
Sent to Mainland France for 
schooling at age nine. 

2946
02:31:44,400 --> 02:31:48,500
He arrived a thin intense child,
who felt himself very much, an 

2947
02:31:48,500 --> 02:31:51,400
outsider classmates. 
Mocked his accent and provincial

2948
02:31:51,400 --> 02:31:54,200
manners. 
In Quiet Moments under the 

2949
02:31:54,200 --> 02:31:57,800
ancient, Oaks of Biryani 
Academy, young Bonaparte dreamed

2950
02:31:57,800 --> 02:32:01,400
of home, the smell of the Mackie
shrubs on Corsican Hillside and 

2951
02:32:01,400 --> 02:32:04,500
tales of heroism by Corsican 
Patriot Pasquale Paoli. 

2952
02:32:05,800 --> 02:32:08,200
These memories fueled, a 
lifelong resentment in a drive 

2953
02:32:08,208 --> 02:32:10,200
to prove himself in a world, 
that perceived him as a 

2954
02:32:10,208 --> 02:32:13,000
foreigner. 
Yet France also opened New 

2955
02:32:13,000 --> 02:32:16,400
Horizons for him at the Royal 
military school in Paris 

2956
02:32:16,400 --> 02:32:19,400
Napoleon. 
As he still signed his name, 

2957
02:32:19,400 --> 02:32:22,400
immersed himself in 
Enlightenment ideas and Military

2958
02:32:22,400 --> 02:32:24,500
techs. 
He was a various reader of 

2959
02:32:24,500 --> 02:32:26,500
Rousseau and Voltaire 
cultivating. 

2960
02:32:26,500 --> 02:32:28,500
Radical Notions about meriton 
reason. 

2961
02:32:29,200 --> 02:32:32,200
Commissioned, as a young 
artillery officer, he honed a 

2962
02:32:32,200 --> 02:32:34,300
mathematical Precision in 
ballistics and a Steely. 

2963
02:32:34,300 --> 02:32:37,700
Calm under pressure still in the
late 1780s. 

2964
02:32:37,700 --> 02:32:40,800
The ambitious left tenant found 
himself idling on half-pay in 

2965
02:32:40,808 --> 02:32:44,000
provincial Garrison's chafing at
the lack of opportunity. 

2966
02:32:44,000 --> 02:32:47,000
Let us to his family betray a 
Restless mind. 

2967
02:32:47,700 --> 02:32:50,400
He worked an unfinished story 
and essays on course in history 

2968
02:32:50,400 --> 02:32:52,300
longing, to carve out a place 
for himself. 

2969
02:32:53,400 --> 02:32:57,000
By 1789 the French revolution's 
fiery rhetoric gripped. 

2970
02:32:57,000 --> 02:32:59,700
Him the revolutions. 
Eruption promised career 

2971
02:32:59,700 --> 02:33:02,900
opportunities for talented 
individuals and Bonaparte. 

2972
02:33:02,900 --> 02:33:06,300
Now known as Bonaparte in French
was determined to capitalize on 

2973
02:33:06,300 --> 02:33:09,100
this opportunity. 
He returned to Corsica during 

2974
02:33:09,100 --> 02:33:12,000
the early Revolution hoping to 
spread the new ideals. 

2975
02:33:12,800 --> 02:33:16,500
However, Ireland politics turned
against him, the revered. 

2976
02:33:16,500 --> 02:33:19,100
Powerly demon Napoleon a Trader 
for side with the French 

2977
02:33:19,100 --> 02:33:23,600
Republic. in 1793, after a 
bitter falling out and an 

2978
02:33:23,600 --> 02:33:26,800
attempted to depose his 
government, the Bonaparte 

2979
02:33:26,800 --> 02:33:30,600
family, fled their Homeland 
under threat, The 24 year old 

2980
02:33:30,600 --> 02:33:34,200
artillery, Captain arrived back 
in France as a refugee, but all 

2981
02:33:34,200 --> 02:33:36,700
as a storm, Republican officer 
hungry for action. 

2982
02:33:37,500 --> 02:33:42,200
He soon got his chance at the 
end of 1793 royalists, in the 

2983
02:33:42,200 --> 02:33:45,400
southern Port of tulong revolted
and welcome to British forces. 

2984
02:33:46,300 --> 02:33:48,700
The besieging Revolutionary 
Army, faltered and until 

2985
02:33:48,700 --> 02:33:51,400
Bonaparte through a mix of 
Corsican connections. 

2986
02:33:51,400 --> 02:33:54,000
And sheer assertiveness was 
assigned to direct the 

2987
02:33:54,000 --> 02:33:56,800
artillery. 
Amidst the Thunder of cannons 

2988
02:33:56,800 --> 02:34:00,300
and Akron. 
Smoke, and Napoleon, Sean, he in

2989
02:34:00,300 --> 02:34:02,200
place, batteries with lethal, 
Effectiveness. 

2990
02:34:02,200 --> 02:34:05,200
Blasting the harbor and forcing 
the British to flee. 

2991
02:34:06,100 --> 02:34:08,700
In the final assault. 
A bayonet wound scarred his 

2992
02:34:08,708 --> 02:34:12,600
thigh but victory was complete 
the achievement was stunning. 

2993
02:34:12,600 --> 02:34:15,300
A little known Corsican had 
masterminded the recapture of 

2994
02:34:15,308 --> 02:34:18,800
too long word of his Brilliance 
traveled to Paris, and a stage. 

2995
02:34:18,800 --> 02:34:22,400
24 Bonaparte was promoted to 
Brigadier General, the center of

2996
02:34:22,408 --> 02:34:25,100
gunpowder at too long signaled. 
His assent to prominence. 

2997
02:34:25,100 --> 02:34:27,800
But revolutionary fortunes 
shifted quickly. 

2998
02:34:27,800 --> 02:34:31,600
Just months later Robespierre 
and the radical Jacobins fell 

2999
02:34:31,600 --> 02:34:35,200
from Power. 
Pollion considered a Robespierre

3000
02:34:35,200 --> 02:34:37,000
Ally by association was 
arrested. 

3001
02:34:37,000 --> 02:34:40,300
He was briefly jailed in a dank 
sell at Fort Carey. 

3002
02:34:41,400 --> 02:34:43,300
The omniscient, fate the 
elevated him. 

3003
02:34:43,300 --> 02:34:45,500
Now threatened to cut short his 
assent. 

3004
02:34:46,300 --> 02:34:49,700
He emerged unscathed but 
unemployed pacing the Paris 

3005
02:34:49,700 --> 02:34:53,700
streets in a threadbare coat, 
surviving on Mega ration during 

3006
02:34:53,700 --> 02:34:57,500
this low air in 1795, even 
toyed, with leaving France, to 

3007
02:34:57,500 --> 02:35:00,600
serve the ottoman Sultan and 
ironic Prospect for one who 

3008
02:35:00,600 --> 02:35:02,500
would one day, humble the great 
powers of Europe. 

3009
02:35:03,700 --> 02:35:07,500
Opportunity, however, not again,
that October, royalist mobs 

3010
02:35:07,500 --> 02:35:10,500
stormed, toward the ruling 
convention aiming to topple The 

3011
02:35:10,500 --> 02:35:13,500
Fragile Republic. 
General Paul baras. 

3012
02:35:13,500 --> 02:35:16,900
He some desperate to save the 
revolution tap, the only 

3013
02:35:16,900 --> 02:35:19,100
artillery expert. 
He knew who could be ruthless 

3014
02:35:19,100 --> 02:35:23,000
enough, Napoleon Bonaparte. 
Napoleon did not hesitate 

3015
02:35:23,000 --> 02:35:25,500
stationing canon in the streets 
of Paris. 

3016
02:35:25,500 --> 02:35:28,700
He met the royalist charged with
blasts of great shot at Point 

3017
02:35:28,700 --> 02:35:30,900
Blank Range. 
The cobblestones of the roof 

3018
02:35:30,900 --> 02:35:33,900
Centauri shook with each 
thunderous volley shredding the 

3019
02:35:33,900 --> 02:35:36,800
Insurgent columns and sending 
the survivors into panicked 

3020
02:35:36,800 --> 02:35:39,800
flight. 
A whiff of great shot one 

3021
02:35:39,800 --> 02:35:43,100
witness called it caustically 
describing how shred banners and

3022
02:35:43,108 --> 02:35:44,900
bodies littered the Smoky 
Avenues. 

3023
02:35:44,900 --> 02:35:49,300
Bonapartes decisive action, save
the Revolutionary government in 

3024
02:35:49,300 --> 02:35:53,300
a single brutal afternoon, he 
became the Republic Savior, and 

3025
02:35:53,300 --> 02:35:56,100
also earned a reputation for 
cold blooded efficiency that 

3026
02:35:56,100 --> 02:35:59,300
some would not forget Paris grew
quiet at dusk. 

3027
02:35:59,300 --> 02:36:03,000
The are heavy with the Tang of 
spent gunpowder and a new aware.

3028
02:36:03,000 --> 02:36:06,500
As a young General had showed. 
He would not hesitate to fire on

3029
02:36:06,500 --> 02:36:08,200
his fellow Frenchman to secure 
order. 

3030
02:36:08,900 --> 02:36:11,600
Far from hiding. 
This bloody episode Napoleon 

3031
02:36:11,600 --> 02:36:13,300
later had its celebrated each 
year. 

3032
02:36:13,300 --> 02:36:16,900
Defending himself with the 
remark that a soldier is only a 

3033
02:36:16,900 --> 02:36:19,700
machine to obey orders. 
The reward for this loyal 

3034
02:36:19,700 --> 02:36:22,400
service was extraordinary, 
within weeks. 

3035
02:36:22,400 --> 02:36:26,200
The directory, the new executive
body gave 26 year old Bonaparte 

3036
02:36:26,200 --> 02:36:30,100
command of the army of Italy, 
Post that season generals had 

3037
02:36:30,100 --> 02:36:32,900
covered it. 
Around the same time he met 

3038
02:36:32,900 --> 02:36:36,500
Josephine debayo Arne a 
glamorous Creole Widow, six 

3039
02:36:36,500 --> 02:36:38,600
years, his senior who was 
connected to Baris. 

3040
02:36:38,600 --> 02:36:43,700
The attraction was immediate and
consuming in March 1796 just 

3041
02:36:43,700 --> 02:36:47,200
days before departing to take up
his new command Napoleon married

3042
02:36:47,200 --> 02:36:49,200
Josephine in a private civil 
ceremony. 

3043
02:36:49,900 --> 02:36:52,000
He adored her with an Earnest 
impassioned. 

3044
02:36:52,000 --> 02:36:53,600
Love that. 
Blazed through the letters. 

3045
02:36:53,600 --> 02:36:55,600
He would soon send daily from 
the Italian front. 

3046
02:36:56,400 --> 02:36:59,000
Josephine, provided the social 
polish and connections he 

3047
02:36:59,000 --> 02:37:01,200
lacked. 
He gave her devotion and the 

3048
02:37:01,200 --> 02:37:04,900
promise of Destiny, As he rode 
out of Paris in the spring rain 

3049
02:37:04,900 --> 02:37:09,900
Napoleon Bonaparte was a curious
figure a Corsica Outsider turned

3050
02:37:09,900 --> 02:37:12,700
Republican General, recently a 
penniless Outkast. 

3051
02:37:12,700 --> 02:37:15,700
Now, head of an army. 
His Ambitions were boundless, 

3052
02:37:15,700 --> 02:37:19,300
France had given him an army and
a beautiful wife intended to 

3053
02:37:19,300 --> 02:37:22,900
repay both with Glory. 
The die was cast, the little 

3054
02:37:22,900 --> 02:37:24,800
corporals rapid Ascent was about
to commence. 

3055
02:37:24,800 --> 02:37:27,900
The Slender young General who 
arrived to lead, the army of 

3056
02:37:27,900 --> 02:37:32,700
Italy in 1796, founded 
dispirited ragtag Force, clad in

3057
02:37:32,708 --> 02:37:34,800
rags and hungry for both food 
and Victory. 

3058
02:37:35,900 --> 02:37:39,000
Napoleon's predecessors had a 
little in the grinding war 

3059
02:37:39,000 --> 02:37:41,500
against Austria. 
But the new Commander 

3060
02:37:41,500 --> 02:37:45,500
electrified, his men from the 
outset Gathering, the troops who

3061
02:37:45,500 --> 02:37:47,400
looked skeptically at his slight
stature. 

3062
02:37:47,400 --> 02:37:50,600
And Youthful face, he pointed 
toward the enemy's Richlands 

3063
02:37:50,600 --> 02:37:54,000
beyond the Alps soldiers, he 
cried, you are ill-fed and 

3064
02:37:54,000 --> 02:37:56,400
almost naked. 
I will lead you into the most 

3065
02:37:56,400 --> 02:38:00,300
fertile planes in the world, 
Rich, provinces and great 

3066
02:38:00,300 --> 02:38:03,000
cities. 
Will lie in your power in them. 

3067
02:38:03,000 --> 02:38:06,900
You will find honor glory and 
riches the soldiers erupted in. 

3068
02:38:06,900 --> 02:38:10,400
Cheers skepticism gave way to 
further as he promised to 

3069
02:38:10,400 --> 02:38:14,000
transform their threadbar 
desperation into Triumph. during

3070
02:38:14,000 --> 02:38:16,500
the early days of the campaign, 
in The Damp foot hills of 

3071
02:38:16,500 --> 02:38:19,800
Piedmont men who were on the 
verge of deserting instead found

3072
02:38:19,800 --> 02:38:22,600
themselves prepared, to follow 
this fiery little general to the

3073
02:38:22,600 --> 02:38:26,500
farthest reaches of the Earth, 
Napoleon promptly fulfilled his 

3074
02:38:26,500 --> 02:38:29,100
promise. 
He moved with startling speed 

3075
02:38:29,100 --> 02:38:32,500
and aggression catching Austrian
and piedmontese armies off. 

3076
02:38:32,500 --> 02:38:36,300
Balance with bold tactics in a 
world of Battles, Through the 

3077
02:38:36,300 --> 02:38:38,900
mountain passes. 
He demonstrated a Predators 

3078
02:38:38,900 --> 02:38:43,000
Instinct striking, where least 
expected and driving his 

3079
02:38:43,000 --> 02:38:47,100
exhausted troops forward with 
sheer force of will That Monty 

3080
02:38:47,100 --> 02:38:51,600
Dago malisimo and Mondovi 
French, Canon and bayonets 

3081
02:38:51,600 --> 02:38:53,700
rooted forces. 
That months before would have 

3082
02:38:53,700 --> 02:38:57,400
sent them reeling the Austrian, 
generals, many twice bonapartes 

3083
02:38:57,400 --> 02:39:00,000
as age were confounded by his 
unpredictable maneuvers. 

3084
02:39:00,700 --> 02:39:03,500
They haven't seen anything yet. 
Napoleon boasted confidently, 

3085
02:39:03,500 --> 02:39:06,700
after one victory in our time. 
No one has the slightest 

3086
02:39:06,700 --> 02:39:09,800
conception of what is great. 
It is up to me to give them an 

3087
02:39:09,800 --> 02:39:12,400
example. 
His bravado was backed by 

3088
02:39:12,400 --> 02:39:14,800
action. 
He negotiated piedmont's 

3089
02:39:14,800 --> 02:39:16,300
withdrawal from the war within 
weeks. 

3090
02:39:16,300 --> 02:39:19,400
Then turned the army of Italy 
against the austrians occupying 

3091
02:39:19,400 --> 02:39:23,100
Lombardy. 
In May 1796 Napoleon cemented 

3092
02:39:23,100 --> 02:39:26,000
his Legend at the bridge over 
the Adda river near the town of 

3093
02:39:26,000 --> 02:39:30,100
Lodi the Austrian regarded taken
up a strong position across the 

3094
02:39:30,100 --> 02:39:34,200
river their Canon covering the 
narrow wooden span Rather than 

3095
02:39:34,200 --> 02:39:36,100
wait for a safer Crossing 
Bonaparte. 

3096
02:39:36,100 --> 02:39:38,200
Decided on a frontal, assault 
that defied. 

3097
02:39:38,200 --> 02:39:41,900
All conventional sense. 
Amidst the deafening Roar enemy 

3098
02:39:41,900 --> 02:39:43,900
gums. 
He personally helped aim French 

3099
02:39:43,900 --> 02:39:47,200
Cannon's and rallied a column of
grenadiers for a head on charge.

3100
02:39:48,000 --> 02:39:50,500
Cruella, flag in hand. 
He plunged onto the bridge at 

3101
02:39:50,500 --> 02:39:53,100
the head of his men. 
Grape shot, whistled past his 

3102
02:39:53,100 --> 02:39:54,800
ears planks. 
Splintered. 

3103
02:39:54,800 --> 02:39:57,900
Under the blast of artillery. 
For an instant, the attack 

3104
02:39:57,900 --> 02:40:01,500
faltered under withering fire. 
But Napoleon stood in the Smoke,

3105
02:40:01,500 --> 02:40:04,300
his sword drawn in his uniform, 
powdered with Gunsmoke. 

3106
02:40:05,300 --> 02:40:09,700
His presence ignited, the troops
with a final yell honorable the 

3107
02:40:09,700 --> 02:40:14,500
troops surged forward of more 
overrunning. 

3108
02:40:14,500 --> 02:40:18,200
The Austrian guns on the far 
Bank, the stunned enemy broken. 

3109
02:40:18,200 --> 02:40:23,500
Fleddy was a small battle that 
in its drama, lay the seed of a 

3110
02:40:23,500 --> 02:40:26,300
myth. 
The soldiers raised by their 

3111
02:40:26,300 --> 02:40:29,700
General's, Fearless exposure to 
Fire and is willingness to do a 

3112
02:40:29,700 --> 02:40:32,200
corporal's Work. 
Loading guns, affectionately, 

3113
02:40:32,200 --> 02:40:34,900
dubbed him Le Petit Caporal the 
little corporal. 

3114
02:40:35,800 --> 02:40:38,700
That night, as the exhausted 
French, camped under a moonlit 

3115
02:40:38,700 --> 02:40:41,200
sky. 
In Napoleon could not sleep the 

3116
02:40:41,200 --> 02:40:44,200
adrenaline of Victory and 
survival course through him in 

3117
02:40:44,200 --> 02:40:47,200
later years, he would recall 
that at Lodi from that moment on

3118
02:40:47,200 --> 02:40:51,100
I saw what I might be. 
Already, I felt the Earth flea 

3119
02:40:51,100 --> 02:40:53,400
from beneath me as if I were 
being carried into the sky. 

3120
02:40:54,500 --> 02:40:57,100
It was at Lodi that Napoleon 
Bonaparte began to believe 

3121
02:40:57,100 --> 02:41:00,600
unequivocally in his destiny. 
Through the Summer, and Autumn 

3122
02:41:00,600 --> 02:41:04,800
of 1796 Napoleon LED his army on
a Relentless offensive that read

3123
02:41:04,800 --> 02:41:07,500
like something out of Caesar's 
commentaries Napoleon. 

3124
02:41:07,500 --> 02:41:10,500
Swiftly crossed the Po River 
flanked enemy positions using 

3125
02:41:10,500 --> 02:41:13,000
Mountain tracks and repeatedly 
encircled. 

3126
02:41:13,000 --> 02:41:16,800
The austrians in battle. 
After battle castiglioni are 

3127
02:41:16,800 --> 02:41:19,900
called revelry, the French over.
Came Superior numbers through 

3128
02:41:19,900 --> 02:41:23,000
bonapartes and imaginative 
tactics on the escrita core. 

3129
02:41:23,000 --> 02:41:26,700
He instilled his troops marched 
Hungary and Barefoot over the 

3130
02:41:26,700 --> 02:41:30,100
Alps referring to him as father 
Violet due to his unexpected 

3131
02:41:30,100 --> 02:41:34,100
arrival, much like the first 
Violet of spring, they came to 

3132
02:41:34,100 --> 02:41:36,900
believe he could do. 
It could take any Fortress and 

3133
02:41:36,900 --> 02:41:41,900
defeat any foe an often he did. 
after a grueling Siege Napoleon 

3134
02:41:41,900 --> 02:41:46,800
captured Mantua in early 1797 
breaking Austrian resistance in 

3135
02:41:46,800 --> 02:41:50,200
Italy, By that spring, he had 
Advanced to the very edge of 

3136
02:41:50,208 --> 02:41:53,400
Austrian territory. 
The once Mighty Habsburg Empire,

3137
02:41:53,400 --> 02:41:57,300
shocked by the string of defeats
inflicted by this, upstart sued 

3138
02:41:57,300 --> 02:41:59,300
for peace, rather than C Vienna 
threatened. 

3139
02:41:59,300 --> 02:42:03,600
But apart dictated terms, like a
seasoned Statesman in the Treaty

3140
02:42:03,600 --> 02:42:08,300
of Campo formio October 1797. 
He reshaped the map of Northern 

3141
02:42:08,300 --> 02:42:11,800
Italy creating new republics 
under French influence and 

3142
02:42:11,800 --> 02:42:14,000
seeded Venetia to Austria as 
compensation. 

3143
02:42:15,100 --> 02:42:18,500
Remarkably, he negotiated this 
piece directly outshining the 

3144
02:42:18,500 --> 02:42:19,800
politicians back in. 
Paris. 

3145
02:42:19,800 --> 02:42:23,000
Here was a general taking the 
initiative to formulate foreign 

3146
02:42:23,000 --> 02:42:25,600
policy, a sign of The Growing 
Power. 

3147
02:42:25,600 --> 02:42:29,100
He was accumulating meanwhile in
the territories he conquered 

3148
02:42:29,100 --> 02:42:32,900
Napoleon revealed other facets. 
He presented himself as a 

3149
02:42:32,900 --> 02:42:36,000
liberator, abolishing feudal, 
Privileges, and spreading 

3150
02:42:36,000 --> 02:42:37,800
revolutionary principles in 
Italy. 

3151
02:42:37,800 --> 02:42:41,400
But he also levied heavy 
contributions and sent convoys 

3152
02:42:41,400 --> 02:42:44,700
of looted art back to France, 
wagon, loads of painting and 

3153
02:42:44,700 --> 02:42:47,800
sculptures spoils from Milan 
Verona, and Venus trundled over 

3154
02:42:47,800 --> 02:42:50,300
the Alps Bound. 
For the Louvre evidence that 

3155
02:42:50,300 --> 02:42:52,800
Napoleon understood the 
propaganda value of culture 

3156
02:42:52,800 --> 02:42:57,000
parisians, with thrilled at the 
arrival of masterpieces and the 

3157
02:42:57,000 --> 02:43:00,000
news of victory. 
The directors in Paris, found 

3158
02:43:00,000 --> 02:43:02,400
themselves eclipsed by the glory
of their young General. 

3159
02:43:03,100 --> 02:43:05,400
As his Fame grew. 
So, did the complexities of his 

3160
02:43:05,400 --> 02:43:08,800
character Napoleon. 
The Romantic for instance, was 

3161
02:43:08,800 --> 02:43:12,100
on full display in Italy 
separated, from Josephine. 

3162
02:43:12,100 --> 02:43:15,300
He wrote her letters almost 
nightly pouring out his heart in

3163
02:43:15,300 --> 02:43:18,200
unguarded prose. 
I have loved you for a long 

3164
02:43:18,208 --> 02:43:20,300
time. 
He wrote after one battle and I 

3165
02:43:20,300 --> 02:43:22,000
feel that I love you more each 
day. 

3166
02:43:23,200 --> 02:43:26,500
I thought I loved you a few days
ago, but since I saw you, I feel

3167
02:43:26,500 --> 02:43:29,600
that I love you, 1000 times more
words that reveal a passionate 

3168
02:43:29,600 --> 02:43:32,200
even obsessive attachment on the
battlefield. 

3169
02:43:32,200 --> 02:43:35,100
He was icy and calculated, but 
alone in his tent by 

3170
02:43:35,100 --> 02:43:37,700
candlelight, he could be almost 
feverish with longing. 

3171
02:43:38,400 --> 02:43:40,700
Unbeknownst to him. 
Josephine's replies were in 

3172
02:43:40,700 --> 02:43:44,400
frequent and often perfunctory, 
the worldly Creole was enjoying 

3173
02:43:44,400 --> 02:43:48,800
Paris society and a discrete a 
fair on the side, this imbalance

3174
02:43:48,800 --> 02:43:51,100
of affection. 
The Conqueror of Italy begging 

3175
02:43:51,100 --> 02:43:52,900
for love was a poignant 
contradiction. 

3176
02:43:53,700 --> 02:43:56,800
The soldiers saw their General 
as a demigod yet in matters of 

3177
02:43:56,800 --> 02:43:58,500
the heart. 
He could be as vulnerable as any

3178
02:43:58,500 --> 02:44:01,200
man Napoleon. 
Was the most renowned figure in 

3179
02:44:01,208 --> 02:44:04,600
France by the time he returned 
to Paris at the end of 1797 

3180
02:44:04,600 --> 02:44:07,600
newspapers. 
Hailed him as Italy. 

3181
02:44:07,600 --> 02:44:13,200
The Italian hero, extolling, his
triumph over challenges Walking 

3182
02:44:13,200 --> 02:44:16,800
through the tuileries gardens 
civilians gaped and officers 

3183
02:44:16,800 --> 02:44:20,200
snapped to attention the energy.
He exuded had altered the course

3184
02:44:20,200 --> 02:44:21,700
of a continent in a matter of 
months. 

3185
02:44:22,800 --> 02:44:25,800
Yet the directory grew weary 
here was a general, whose 

3186
02:44:25,800 --> 02:44:29,300
popularity rivaled their 
legitimacy. in Napoleon's 

3187
02:44:29,300 --> 02:44:32,900
piercing gray eyes and Kurt 
self-confidence, some directory 

3188
02:44:32,900 --> 02:44:36,300
members, Glimpse to Potential 
Threat, For the time being, they

3189
02:44:36,300 --> 02:44:38,700
showered him with honors, 
inviting him to dine, with 

3190
02:44:38,708 --> 02:44:41,500
directors and seeking his advice
on Grand strategy. 

3191
02:44:42,500 --> 02:44:45,300
However, these politicians 
secretly felt a sense of relief 

3192
02:44:45,300 --> 02:44:48,700
when Bonaparte accepted a new 
assignment that took him far 

3193
02:44:48,700 --> 02:44:51,000
from Paris. 
The Restless general. 

3194
02:44:51,000 --> 02:44:53,900
Just 28 was already looking 
Beyond Italy. 

3195
02:44:54,600 --> 02:44:57,800
In his omnivorous mine, the next
Grand Adventure was forming. 

3196
02:44:58,800 --> 02:45:02,300
He spoke of an expedition to 
Egypt a bold, strike aimed in 

3197
02:45:02,300 --> 02:45:05,200
directly at England. 
It was all day's and full of 

3198
02:45:05,200 --> 02:45:07,400
risk. 
Perfectly suited to Napoleon 

3199
02:45:07,400 --> 02:45:10,800
Bonaparte who by now, believed 
Destiny had extraordinary play 

3200
02:45:10,800 --> 02:45:13,500
once for him. 
Napoleon in his campaign in the 

3201
02:45:13,500 --> 02:45:15,100
east, as both conquer and 
Visionary. 

3202
02:45:15,100 --> 02:45:18,200
Determined to etch his name, 
alongside Alexander the Great. 

3203
02:45:19,200 --> 02:45:22,500
In May 1798. 
He sets sail from France with a 

3204
02:45:22,500 --> 02:45:26,300
fleet of soldiers, Scholars and 
dreams leaving the Comforts of 

3205
02:45:26,308 --> 02:45:28,100
Europe. 
For the fabled, Sands of Egypt, 

3206
02:45:28,100 --> 02:45:32,200
The Voyage itself felt like a 
journey into Legend on Deck 

3207
02:45:32,200 --> 02:45:34,100
Under the Stars. 
Napoleon would point out 

3208
02:45:34,100 --> 02:45:37,200
constellations to his servant 
and news about the glory of 

3209
02:45:37,200 --> 02:45:40,800
antiquity by day. 
He devoured books on the Orient 

3210
02:45:41,500 --> 02:45:44,400
He was not merely leading an 
army, he was crafting an image 

3211
02:45:44,400 --> 02:45:48,100
of himself as an enlightened 
Liberator and a new seizure of 

3212
02:45:48,108 --> 02:45:51,400
the East. 
The soldiers packed tightly in 

3213
02:45:51,400 --> 02:45:54,100
the sweltering holds where 
regaled with their generals 

3214
02:45:54,100 --> 02:45:56,700
proclamations that they were 
Bound for Immortal Glory. 

3215
02:45:57,700 --> 02:46:00,600
Many were seasick and anxious 
yet, they believed in him. 

3216
02:46:01,300 --> 02:46:04,000
It was said that as their ships 
passed by the Great Pyramids. 

3217
02:46:04,000 --> 02:46:07,400
Visible on the horizon, Napoleon
dramatically addressed his 

3218
02:46:07,400 --> 02:46:11,200
troops soldiers, from the summit
of these pyramids. 40 centuries 

3219
02:46:11,200 --> 02:46:14,200
looked down upon you, the line 
echoing across the Desert. 

3220
02:46:14,200 --> 02:46:16,000
Wind sent shivers down the 
ranks. 

3221
02:46:16,000 --> 02:46:19,600
It was bombastic, historically 
dubious and utterly effective in

3222
02:46:19,608 --> 02:46:22,200
stirring. 
Men's Souls Bonaparte was 

3223
02:46:22,208 --> 02:46:24,300
scripting his mythology, even as
it unfolded. 

3224
02:46:25,300 --> 02:46:28,500
After a swift conquest of the 
port of Alexandria Napoleon 

3225
02:46:28,500 --> 02:46:31,200
marched his army, Inland to 
confront the ruling mamluk 

3226
02:46:31,200 --> 02:46:35,500
Warlords. 
On July 21st, 1798 near the 

3227
02:46:35,500 --> 02:46:38,400
village of Ember Bay. 
Napoleon deployed his troops in 

3228
02:46:38,400 --> 02:46:41,400
massive Square's with the hazy 
outline of pyramids in the 

3229
02:46:41,408 --> 02:46:44,100
distance. 
The battle of the pyramids as it

3230
02:46:44,100 --> 02:46:46,700
came to be known was as much 
theater as combat. 

3231
02:46:47,500 --> 02:46:50,500
Mamluk Cavalry, and colorful 
silk and Armour charged 

3232
02:46:50,500 --> 02:46:52,900
repeatedly renowned for their 
ferocity. 

3233
02:46:52,900 --> 02:46:55,700
But the shattered against the 
disciplined French squares, 

3234
02:46:55,700 --> 02:46:59,600
bristling with bayonets amid, 
the volleys and Canon smoke, 

3235
02:46:59,600 --> 02:47:02,500
French drummers beat a steady 
Rhythm that mingled with the 

3236
02:47:02,500 --> 02:47:06,000
distant cries of camels and the 
clang, of scimitars Napoleon 

3237
02:47:06,000 --> 02:47:09,100
seated, atop a gray Arabian, 
charger surveyed the 

3238
02:47:09,100 --> 02:47:10,500
battlefield, through his 
Spyglass. 

3239
02:47:10,500 --> 02:47:14,700
Outwardly, calm, When the dust 
settled by late afternoon, 

3240
02:47:14,700 --> 02:47:18,400
thousands of mamluk riders, lay 
dead or dying in the Nile 

3241
02:47:18,400 --> 02:47:20,500
marshes. 
The French losses were 

3242
02:47:20,500 --> 02:47:23,700
relatively light word spread 
among the locals that the young 

3243
02:47:23,700 --> 02:47:27,200
General had Supernatural Powers.
How else could one explain such 

3244
02:47:27,200 --> 02:47:30,900
a lopsided victory. 
Napoleon courage, these Whispers

3245
02:47:31,600 --> 02:47:35,700
He established himself in Cairo 
and convened, Dwayne Council of 

3246
02:47:35,700 --> 02:47:38,700
local notables pledging respect 
for his llama and the people. 

3247
02:47:39,800 --> 02:47:42,800
In proclamations, he professed 
admiration for the prophet 

3248
02:47:42,800 --> 02:47:45,900
Muhammad and claimed the French 
were friends of Muslims, even 

3249
02:47:45,900 --> 02:47:49,100
inventing a tale of a mystical 
conversation with arms in a 

3250
02:47:49,100 --> 02:47:52,800
pyramid. such declarations were 
cynical, but shrewd aimed at 

3251
02:47:52,808 --> 02:47:56,900
pacified knew little about 
Bonaparte, the chameleon was 

3252
02:47:56,900 --> 02:48:00,200
adapting once more in Cairo. 
He appeared draped in an 

3253
02:48:00,200 --> 02:48:02,800
oriental robot time's. 
Playing the part of the 

3254
02:48:02,800 --> 02:48:06,400
Liberator of the East. 
However, reality intruded on his

3255
02:48:06,400 --> 02:48:11,300
grandiose plans, in August 1798,
mere weeks after the Triumph at 

3256
02:48:11,300 --> 02:48:13,000
the pyramids disaster, struck at
sea. 

3257
02:48:13,800 --> 02:48:15,600
The British Admiral Horatio 
Nelson caught. 

3258
02:48:15,600 --> 02:48:19,000
The French Fleet anchored in a 
bouquet Bay and annihilated it 

3259
02:48:19,000 --> 02:48:23,200
in a fiery night-long battle. 
In one night, Napoleon's 

3260
02:48:23,200 --> 02:48:26,400
communication with France was 
severed, his army was stranded 

3261
02:48:26,400 --> 02:48:30,600
in Egypt, unfazed outwardly, he 
doubled down on forging. 

3262
02:48:30,600 --> 02:48:33,600
A new narrative if returned to 
Europe was cut off. 

3263
02:48:33,600 --> 02:48:36,600
He would turn his Conquest into 
a transformative mission. 

3264
02:48:37,700 --> 02:48:41,600
He established the institute in 
Cairo, where scholar studied, 

3265
02:48:41,600 --> 02:48:44,600
everything from ancient 
hieroglyphs, the Rosetta Stone 

3266
02:48:44,600 --> 02:48:47,300
would soon be on Earth by his 
team, to Modern irrigation, 

3267
02:48:48,500 --> 02:48:51,200
French officers strolled the 
streets with notebooks and of 

3268
02:48:51,200 --> 02:48:54,600
only muskets the occupation. 
To Connor curious dual nature 

3269
02:48:54,600 --> 02:48:58,700
brutal military rule on one 
hand, suppressing revolts with 

3270
02:48:58,700 --> 02:49:02,500
mass execution when needed and 
enlightened exploration on the 

3271
02:49:02,500 --> 02:49:05,300
other. 
Napoleon ordered local printers 

3272
02:49:05,300 --> 02:49:08,300
to produce a French Arabic 
newspaper created, legit 

3273
02:49:08,300 --> 02:49:12,900
praising french fries and 
reforms commissioned artists to 

3274
02:49:12,900 --> 02:49:16,500
sketch, ruins and scientists to 
catalog, Egypt's flora and 

3275
02:49:16,508 --> 02:49:20,000
fauna. under the glow of 
lanterns and cairo's palaces 

3276
02:49:20,000 --> 02:49:23,000
conversations about philosophy 
and governance, unfolded in both

3277
02:49:23,000 --> 02:49:26,700
French and Arabic This blend of 
force and charm offensive was 

3278
02:49:26,700 --> 02:49:30,400
bonapartes approached to Empire 
Building luau through both sword

3279
02:49:30,400 --> 02:49:33,100
and pain yet. 
Egypt would test Napoleon has 

3280
02:49:33,100 --> 02:49:43,000
never before In early 1799 Syria
today's Israel. 

3281
02:49:43,000 --> 02:49:47,100
Palestine an Overland journey 
through sinai's deserts into a 

3282
02:49:47,100 --> 02:49:50,500
crucible of hardship. 
The campaign swiftly turned into

3283
02:49:50,500 --> 02:49:54,900
a terrifying ordeal, the sun 
above was merciless, water was 

3284
02:49:54,900 --> 02:49:58,900
scarce plagued stalked, the 
ranks still Napoleon pushed on 

3285
02:49:58,900 --> 02:50:02,600
capturing coastal towns like 
Irish and Gaza and then storming

3286
02:50:02,600 --> 02:50:07,800
in March, 1799, That Jaffa a 
horrifying incident tarnished 

3287
02:50:07,800 --> 02:50:11,200
his reputation after the city 
fell, thousands of Ottoman, 

3288
02:50:11,200 --> 02:50:14,400
soldiers, who had surrendered 
including a Garrison previously,

3289
02:50:14,400 --> 02:50:17,000
paroled by the French were 
executed under Napoleon's 

3290
02:50:17,000 --> 02:50:19,300
orders, most by shooting or 
bayonet. 

3291
02:50:19,300 --> 02:50:21,700
It was an act of Ruthless 
expedience. 

3292
02:50:21,700 --> 02:50:25,300
He could neither feed nor guard.
So many prisoners, while enemy 

3293
02:50:25,300 --> 02:50:28,700
forces, gathered nearby. 
The beach outside, Jaffa became 

3294
02:50:28,700 --> 02:50:32,300
a field of death later accounts 
describe Columns of prisoners 

3295
02:50:32,300 --> 02:50:36,700
being led out under guard forced
to need in the June's and the 

3296
02:50:36,700 --> 02:50:40,100
crackle of musket fire mingling 
with screams Napoleon. 

3297
02:50:40,100 --> 02:50:43,400
Never publicly acknowledged. 
This massacre within days, he 

3298
02:50:43,400 --> 02:50:46,900
had moved on But some of his 
officers were sickened by it. 

3299
02:50:47,600 --> 02:50:49,700
The general who spoke of 
Enlightenment had shown. 

3300
02:50:49,700 --> 02:50:52,600
He would also cross any moral 
line for military necessity 

3301
02:50:52,600 --> 02:50:55,400
days. 
Later in the same city, another 

3302
02:50:55,400 --> 02:50:58,700
scene, emerged immortalized in 
paint and propaganda as a 

3303
02:50:58,700 --> 02:51:02,200
Counterpoint to the Bloodshed. 
A vicious outbreak of Bubonic. 

3304
02:51:02,200 --> 02:51:06,000
Plague ravaged, the French Camp 
after Jaffa soldiers, lay 

3305
02:51:06,000 --> 02:51:09,400
moaning in a makeshift Hospital.
Housed in an old Caravan, Surrey

3306
02:51:09,400 --> 02:51:12,700
fear of contagion spread even 
faster than the disease. 

3307
02:51:12,700 --> 02:51:15,600
Many troops did not go near the 
stricken. 

3308
02:51:16,400 --> 02:51:19,500
Napoleon understood that fear, 
could destroy his army faster 

3309
02:51:19,500 --> 02:51:22,300
than played itself. 
So on a warm morning in 

3310
02:51:22,300 --> 02:51:25,900
mid-march, he visited the play 
hospital in Jaffa, according to 

3311
02:51:25,908 --> 02:51:27,700
accounts, he Strode through the 
lower. 

3312
02:51:27,700 --> 02:51:30,500
Archways of the mosque turned 
infirmary with a calm expression

3313
02:51:30,500 --> 02:51:34,400
as a raise of light pierce. 
The dusty are rows of the second

3314
02:51:34,400 --> 02:51:38,000
line, the walls, their faces 
etched with feverish agony. 

3315
02:51:38,700 --> 02:51:42,500
Napoleon showed no hesitation he
moved from cot to cots speaking 

3316
02:51:42,500 --> 02:51:45,600
softly, even touching one 
soldiers in flame bubo with his 

3317
02:51:45,600 --> 02:51:47,700
bare hand in a gesture of 
compassion, and courage. 

3318
02:51:48,500 --> 02:51:51,800
The men watched in astonishment 
as their General, the same man 

3319
02:51:51,800 --> 02:51:54,900
who had ordered Prisoners shot 
days before now, comforted The 

3320
02:51:54,900 --> 02:51:56,900
Afflicted with near saintly 
composure. 

3321
02:51:56,900 --> 02:52:00,500
One soldier, reportedly tried 
weekly to rise and salute 

3322
02:52:00,500 --> 02:52:04,800
Napoleon, gently bade him, rest 
this visit became legendary 

3323
02:52:04,800 --> 02:52:08,000
later back in France. 
The event would be commemorated 

3324
02:52:08,000 --> 02:52:10,700
by artist. 
Antoine genre in a massive 

3325
02:52:10,700 --> 02:52:13,500
painting depicting Bonaparte as 
a Fearless healer reaching out 

3326
02:52:13,500 --> 02:52:17,100
to the plague and bathed in a 
quasi religious glow. 

3327
02:52:18,400 --> 02:52:21,500
The painting glossed over the 
Grimmer context, yet its power 

3328
02:52:21,500 --> 02:52:23,400
endures. 
It was propaganda. 

3329
02:52:23,400 --> 02:52:27,300
As much as compassion, Napoleon 
crafting, the myth of himself as

3330
02:52:27,300 --> 02:52:29,200
both ruthless conqueror and 
benevolent hero. 

3331
02:52:29,200 --> 02:52:33,400
That spring, however, military 
realities, were harsh Napoleon's

3332
02:52:33,400 --> 02:52:36,000
Advanced Into the Heart of Syria
and countered the formidable 

3333
02:52:36,000 --> 02:52:39,200
walls, of Accra British 
warships, aided the ottoman 

3334
02:52:39,200 --> 02:52:42,800
Defenders and despite repeated 
assaults The Fortress of Akron 

3335
02:52:42,800 --> 02:52:46,000
did not fall. 
Bonapartes Army grew weaker by 

3336
02:52:46,000 --> 02:52:49,800
the day Play Heat and stiff, 
resistance sap their strength. 

3337
02:52:50,800 --> 02:52:53,800
After two months of frustration 
Napoleon, finally lifted The 

3338
02:52:53,800 --> 02:52:59,000
Siege in May 1799. 
On a grueling Retreat. 

3339
02:52:59,000 --> 02:53:02,800
Back to Egypt harassed by a 
mounted ottoman forces, and 

3340
02:53:02,800 --> 02:53:04,600
bedeviled by the merciless 
climate. 

3341
02:53:05,400 --> 02:53:08,100
The omniscient narrator of 
History might note that the 

3342
02:53:08,100 --> 02:53:10,700
event was the first serious 
setback in Napoleon's career. 

3343
02:53:11,500 --> 02:53:14,600
Outside the walls of Accra. 
The limits of his fortune became

3344
02:53:14,600 --> 02:53:18,200
evident in one poignant incident
during the retreat, French 

3345
02:53:18,200 --> 02:53:19,900
soldier, too. 
Sick to walk. 

3346
02:53:19,900 --> 02:53:23,600
Begged not to be left behind 
Napoleon, paused and in a rare 

3347
02:53:23,600 --> 02:53:25,800
display of quiet, Mercy ordered 
that a horse. 

3348
02:53:25,800 --> 02:53:29,100
Be left for the man, a small 
Redemption for jaffer's Horror 

3349
02:53:29,100 --> 02:53:33,700
by late, 1799 back in Cairo, 
Napoleon received word of 

3350
02:53:33,708 --> 02:53:36,400
political turmoil in France and 
the threat of invasion by 

3351
02:53:36,400 --> 02:53:39,500
European coalitions. 
Sensing that his moment on the 

3352
02:53:39,500 --> 02:53:42,800
larger World stage had arrived. 
He made a fateful decision, he 

3353
02:53:42,800 --> 02:53:45,500
would abandon the Egyptian 
Enterprise and returned to Paris

3354
02:53:45,500 --> 02:53:48,700
post haste. 
He left general kleber in charge

3355
02:53:48,700 --> 02:53:51,400
of the army with secret 
instructions to negotiate 

3356
02:53:51,400 --> 02:53:54,500
withdrawal and slipped out of 
Egypt, with a few close aides in

3357
02:53:54,500 --> 02:53:58,400
August 1799, by luck and 
stealth, he navigated through 

3358
02:53:58,400 --> 02:54:01,700
the British and arrived in 
France in October where he was 

3359
02:54:01,700 --> 02:54:04,000
greeted as a hero. 
Stunningly. 

3360
02:54:04,000 --> 02:54:06,200
The disaster's, the fleet's 
destruction. 

3361
02:54:06,200 --> 02:54:09,500
And the failure at Echo, will 
largely suppressed or ignored in

3362
02:54:09,500 --> 02:54:12,400
the news instead. 
France, heard only of the 

3363
02:54:12,408 --> 02:54:15,000
triumphs, the battle of the 
pyramids, the scientific 

3364
02:54:15,000 --> 02:54:18,500
discoveries and the boldly 
Eastern Adventure in the public 

3365
02:54:18,500 --> 02:54:20,800
eye. 
Napoleon returned from Egypt, 

3366
02:54:20,800 --> 02:54:23,800
draped in Oriental, mystery and 
Glory. 

3367
02:54:23,800 --> 02:54:29,100
As he intended he brought home 
Scholars, reports exotic animals

3368
02:54:29,100 --> 02:54:32,100
and art further, fueling the 
legend he was weaving around 

3369
02:54:32,100 --> 02:54:36,100
himself, The Egyptian Expedition
ultimately was a mixed success 

3370
02:54:36,100 --> 02:54:40,100
of best in Practical terms, but 
in terms of Napoleon's self-made

3371
02:54:40,100 --> 02:54:44,200
mythology, it was a Triumph. 
He had shown France, not only a 

3372
02:54:44,200 --> 02:54:47,900
general of Battlefield genius 
but also a leader who aspired to

3373
02:54:47,900 --> 02:54:49,800
Greatness on a civilizational 
scale. 

3374
02:54:50,500 --> 02:54:54,200
He cast himself as a new 
Alexander, a lawgiver and Patron

3375
02:54:54,200 --> 02:54:55,600
of knowledge as well as a 
warrior. 

3376
02:54:55,600 --> 02:54:59,600
The contradictions were Stark. 
The same man who executed 

3377
02:54:59,600 --> 02:55:02,500
prisoners and poisoned plague 
victims also posed as an 

3378
02:55:02,500 --> 02:55:04,300
emancipator and enlightened 
ruler. 

3379
02:55:05,000 --> 02:55:08,300
Napoleon seemed aware that to 
achieve immortality, a leader, 

3380
02:55:08,300 --> 02:55:11,000
had to shape his narrative. 
In Egypt. 

3381
02:55:11,000 --> 02:55:12,700
He learned the power of image 
and propaganda. 

3382
02:55:13,500 --> 02:55:16,200
From the grandiose proclamations
and commissioned painting to 

3383
02:55:16,200 --> 02:55:18,300
curated flow of news back to 
Europe. 

3384
02:55:18,300 --> 02:55:22,000
He ensured that he Napoleon 
Bonaparte would not be 

3385
02:55:22,000 --> 02:55:23,800
considered merely another French
General. 

3386
02:55:24,500 --> 02:55:27,600
He would become a figure worthy 
of epic's a man who conquered 

3387
02:55:27,600 --> 02:55:30,100
ancient lands and engaged in 
conversation with the pyramids 

3388
02:55:30,100 --> 02:55:33,400
as he returned to France. 
He prepared for his next daring 

3389
02:55:33,400 --> 02:55:38,200
action, seizing political power,
The Savior France had returned 

3390
02:55:38,200 --> 02:55:40,700
from the deserts burnished by 
Sun and fame. 

3391
02:55:40,700 --> 02:55:42,800
Ready to dictate the next 
chapter of the Revolution. 

3392
02:55:42,800 --> 02:55:47,500
The France. 
Napoleon returned to in 1799 was

3393
02:55:47,500 --> 02:55:51,100
ripe for Change and he knew it. 
The directory government was 

3394
02:55:51,100 --> 02:55:56,000
deeply unpopular marred by 
corruption economic troubles and

3395
02:55:56,000 --> 02:55:58,300
Military setbacks in Europe 
during his absence. 

3396
02:55:59,300 --> 02:56:03,000
Paris buzzed with rumors of 
coups and conspiracies Emmanuel 

3397
02:56:03,000 --> 02:56:05,500
caes. 
One of the directors famously 

3398
02:56:05,500 --> 02:56:09,000
muttered that France needed 
ahead a sword to complete the 

3399
02:56:09,000 --> 02:56:11,600
revolution's work. 
Fresh from his Egyptian, 

3400
02:56:11,600 --> 02:56:14,900
mystique and Italian Laurels. 
Napoleon appeared to many as the

3401
02:56:14,900 --> 02:56:18,700
ideal candidate for this role. 
Ever the political opportunist. 

3402
02:56:18,700 --> 02:56:23,100
He quietly aligned with plotters
including Sears Taliah and his 

3403
02:56:23,100 --> 02:56:27,900
Savvy younger brother Lucia 
Bonaparte. behind closed doors 

3404
02:56:27,900 --> 02:56:31,400
in prison salons with cigar 
smoke, the plot of skiing to 

3405
02:56:31,400 --> 02:56:36,000
topple the direction throughout 
October 1799 Napoleon was 

3406
02:56:36,000 --> 02:56:39,100
cautious at first, assessing 
every detail like a battlefield 

3407
02:56:39,100 --> 02:56:41,800
plan. 
But as the crowds cheered him in

3408
02:56:41,800 --> 02:56:44,600
the streets, and even the fickle
newspapers, hailed him, he 

3409
02:56:44,600 --> 02:56:46,500
realized that now was The 
crucial moment. 

3410
02:56:47,300 --> 02:56:49,400
We command get caught in the 
current of events. 

3411
02:56:49,400 --> 02:56:52,800
You can find it to a friend, but
I will direct events myself. 

3412
02:56:54,200 --> 02:56:57,000
The omniscient, narrator might 
observe that fortune was once 

3413
02:56:57,000 --> 02:57:00,600
again, favoring him Napoleon put
his plan in motion on the 

3414
02:57:00,600 --> 02:57:06,500
morning of 18 Premiere year, 8, 
November 9th 1799 by the 

3415
02:57:06,500 --> 02:57:09,700
Republican calendar. 
Under the pretext of a supposed 

3416
02:57:09,700 --> 02:57:13,200
Jacobin coup threat, he 
persuaded the counsels France's 

3417
02:57:13,200 --> 02:57:16,600
legislature to move their 
session out of volatile Paris to

3418
02:57:16,600 --> 02:57:19,500
the Suburban. 
Chateau of Saint clue where his 

3419
02:57:19,500 --> 02:57:20,900
loyal troops could surround 
them. 

3420
02:57:22,100 --> 02:57:25,300
Yeah was tense and thick with 
the Intrigue as Bonaparte on his

3421
02:57:25,300 --> 02:57:27,400
General's. 
Uniform mounted a horse and 

3422
02:57:27,400 --> 02:57:30,300
trotted through the Paris 
streets flanked by grenadiers. 

3423
02:57:30,300 --> 02:57:34,000
He told Josephine to be ready 
for any outcome success or is 

3424
02:57:34,000 --> 02:57:37,400
death or imprisonment. 
If I fail, I shall be outlawed 

3425
02:57:37,400 --> 02:57:41,100
tomorrow. 
He said flatly by, after noon, 

3426
02:57:41,100 --> 02:57:44,900
underground, November Skies 
soldiers, occupied key positions

3427
02:57:44,900 --> 02:57:48,500
around Saint clue inside the 
Wilder, deputies gathered in 

3428
02:57:48,500 --> 02:57:51,400
gilded Chambers. 
Suspecting something was amiss 

3429
02:57:52,300 --> 02:57:54,100
Napoleon paste in an 
anti-chamber 

3430
02:57:54,100 --> 02:57:58,300
uncharacteristically nervous. 
He was a man used to commanding 

3431
02:57:58,300 --> 02:58:02,000
armies, not quelling politicians
and for perhaps the first time 

3432
02:58:02,000 --> 02:58:04,400
out at him. 
Nonetheless. 

3433
02:58:04,400 --> 02:58:07,400
He stealed himself and strolled 
into the Hall of the Council of 

3434
02:58:07,400 --> 02:58:10,200
ancients head high. 
He addressed the Ancients with 

3435
02:58:10,208 --> 02:58:14,500
controlled passion, decrying the
incapable directory and the 

3436
02:58:14,500 --> 02:58:18,500
perils facing France. 
His hands trembled slightly as 

3437
02:58:18,500 --> 02:58:21,100
he gestured. 
This was no Battlefield. 

3438
02:58:21,100 --> 02:58:23,800
And the Hostile stares of 
elected. 

3439
02:58:23,800 --> 02:58:27,500
Deputies were a new kind of 
danger, some applauded, but 

3440
02:58:27,500 --> 02:58:30,800
others murmured in descent. 
Napoleon next moved to the 

3441
02:58:30,800 --> 02:58:33,500
Council of 500. 
The lower house where things 

3442
02:58:33,500 --> 02:58:36,500
would soon descend into chaos. 
The moment, he entered the 

3443
02:58:36,500 --> 02:58:40,300
orangery where 500 legislators 
were meeting a hostile raw rose 

3444
02:58:40,300 --> 02:58:43,800
up down with the Tyrant Outlaw 
him, Jacob, in deputies screamed

3445
02:58:43,800 --> 02:58:47,600
upon seeing soldiers at his back
Napoleon momentarily, stumbled 

3446
02:58:47,600 --> 02:58:50,900
over as words declaring that his
only goal was to preserve the 

3447
02:58:50,900 --> 02:58:55,400
Republic his presence in flamed 
the assembly and not of deputies

3448
02:58:55,400 --> 02:58:58,500
rushed at him one even lunging 
as if to stab him with a paper 

3449
02:58:58,500 --> 02:59:02,200
knife. 
Amid shouts of holder, or outlaw

3450
02:59:02,200 --> 02:59:05,900
him Napoleon turned pale and 
reportedly began to shake. 

3451
02:59:06,800 --> 02:59:08,800
For heartbeat. 
It seemed his carefully laid 

3452
02:59:08,800 --> 02:59:10,400
Kumite collapse in 
embarrassment. 

3453
02:59:10,400 --> 02:59:14,200
Grenadiers hustled him out as 
the hall erupted in pandemonium 

3454
02:59:14,200 --> 02:59:17,700
outside in the palace. 
Courtyard, Napoleon, Court, his 

3455
02:59:17,700 --> 02:59:20,700
breath, sweat, beading on his 
forehead, in the cool automatic,

3456
02:59:20,700 --> 02:59:24,000
he was used to Battlefield 
Glory, but this was raw 

3457
02:59:24,000 --> 02:59:26,100
political theater and it was 
almost lost. 

3458
02:59:26,100 --> 02:59:29,400
The day was saved by combination
of military force on his 

3459
02:59:29,400 --> 02:59:32,700
brothers, quick wits. 
Lucien Bonaparte decisively, 

3460
02:59:32,700 --> 02:59:34,900
took the stage as president of 
the Council of 500. 

3461
02:59:36,300 --> 02:59:38,600
He Slipped Away and addressed 
the soldiers waiting outside. 

3462
02:59:39,400 --> 02:59:42,400
With a dramatic, flourish 
Lucinda, drew his sword and 

3463
02:59:42,400 --> 02:59:45,400
pointed it at Napoleon's chest 
shouting that his brother had 

3464
02:59:45,400 --> 02:59:48,000
been attacked by assassins 
inside and that he would strike 

3465
02:59:48,000 --> 02:59:50,600
Napoleon down himself. 
If ever the general betrayed, 

3466
02:59:50,600 --> 02:59:54,400
the people, The grenadiers 
perplexed but swayed by lucian's

3467
02:59:54,400 --> 02:59:57,300
bravado rallied. 
They burst into the hall with 

3468
02:59:57,300 --> 03:00:00,700
fixed bayonets clearing, it of 
recalcitrant deputies in minutes

3469
03:00:00,700 --> 03:00:04,000
legislators scrambled out, 
windows or bolted for the doors 

3470
03:00:04,000 --> 03:00:05,600
as soldiers occupied the 
chamber. 

3471
03:00:06,300 --> 03:00:09,500
By evening Santa was silent. 
Save for the measured Tramp of 

3472
03:00:09,500 --> 03:00:13,000
boots on marble floors. 
A rump of hand-picked deputies, 

3473
03:00:13,000 --> 03:00:16,500
brought back underneath guard. 
Voted to abolish the directory 

3474
03:00:16,500 --> 03:00:19,000
and appointed a three-man 
consulate to govern. 

3475
03:00:19,000 --> 03:00:22,700
France. 
The coup by far, the plan had 

3476
03:00:22,700 --> 03:00:26,200
succeeded, Napoleon was named 
first Consul the dominant 

3477
03:00:26,200 --> 03:00:29,400
position in the new government. 
As he rode back to Paris that 

3478
03:00:29,400 --> 03:00:32,200
night under escort. 
He was exhausted, but exalted. 

3479
03:00:33,100 --> 03:00:35,500
The revolution is over and 
declared to an aide with quite 

3480
03:00:35,500 --> 03:00:37,700
Triumph. 
I am the revolution now. 

3481
03:00:38,800 --> 03:00:41,700
In reality, it was a new 
beginning, the 30 year old 

3482
03:00:41,708 --> 03:00:45,400
General had seized control of 
the nation, over the next 

3483
03:00:45,400 --> 03:00:48,000
month's Napoleon. 
Solidified, his power with 

3484
03:00:48,000 --> 03:00:50,100
breathtaking speed and 
shrewdness. 

3485
03:00:50,900 --> 03:00:52,700
While Sears. 
And Decor, the other two 

3486
03:00:52,700 --> 03:00:56,300
consoles were shunted. 
Aside into irrelevance Bonaparte

3487
03:00:56,300 --> 03:00:58,700
set up residence in the 
tuileries palace, the former 

3488
03:00:58,700 --> 03:01:02,200
Royal residence signaling that a
new kind of ruler had arrived. 

3489
03:01:02,200 --> 03:01:06,200
He worked ferociously, sometimes
18 hours, a day, overseeing 

3490
03:01:06,200 --> 03:01:08,700
everything from military 
operations to administrative 

3491
03:01:08,700 --> 03:01:11,400
reforms. 
The third person omniscient view

3492
03:01:11,400 --> 03:01:14,800
allows a glimpse into his 
private routine Rising Before 

3493
03:01:14,800 --> 03:01:17,300
Dawn he would dictate letters to
multiple secretaries and 

3494
03:01:17,300 --> 03:01:19,900
succession his mind leaping from
topic to topic. 

3495
03:01:19,900 --> 03:01:23,200
Then meet ministers then 
generals sorting each issue with

3496
03:01:23,200 --> 03:01:26,400
a decisive Clarity. 
He seemed to scarcely need sleep

3497
03:01:26,400 --> 03:01:28,900
running on ambition and endless 
cups of strong coffee. 

3498
03:01:29,800 --> 03:01:31,600
France, weary of a decade of 
revolutionary. 

3499
03:01:31,600 --> 03:01:34,900
Chaos responded enthusiastically
to firmly ship. 

3500
03:01:34,900 --> 03:01:38,900
Even as Napoleon Titan 
censorship on the press and set 

3501
03:01:38,900 --> 03:01:40,800
up an efficient secret police 
under Joseph. 

3502
03:01:40,800 --> 03:01:43,300
Fouche, many welcome the 
stability. 

3503
03:01:43,300 --> 03:01:47,300
These measures brought the new 
slogan appeared Authority, not 

3504
03:01:47,300 --> 03:01:50,600
Liberty. 
The very people who had once 

3505
03:01:50,600 --> 03:01:53,900
shouted for Freedom now, craved 
order and Bonaparte. 

3506
03:01:53,900 --> 03:01:57,100
Delivered, it Abroad. 
He can continue to prove his 

3507
03:01:57,108 --> 03:02:00,300
genius on the battlefield 
further cementing his position 

3508
03:02:00,300 --> 03:02:04,200
at home. 
In 1800 when Austria threatened 

3509
03:02:04,200 --> 03:02:07,300
to overturn the gains of the 
Revolution Napoleon, led a 

3510
03:02:07,300 --> 03:02:10,300
dramatic crossing of the Alps, 
guiding the army of the reserve 

3511
03:02:10,300 --> 03:02:13,100
through the high passes with 
Canon dragged by mules and men 

3512
03:02:13,100 --> 03:02:15,100
in scenes. 
That would later be immortalized

3513
03:02:15,100 --> 03:02:17,100
in art, albeit with a white 
charger. 

3514
03:02:17,100 --> 03:02:20,200
He likely never rode He 
surprised the austrians in 

3515
03:02:20,200 --> 03:02:23,100
Northern Italy by securing a 
victory at Marengo, in June 

3516
03:02:23,100 --> 03:02:27,500
1800, a fierce battle where a 
midday crisis almost led to the 

3517
03:02:27,500 --> 03:02:31,100
French's defeat, but a timely 
cavalry charge reversed, the 

3518
03:02:31,100 --> 03:02:34,700
outcome Moreno became Mythic in 
France, Napoleon. 

3519
03:02:34,700 --> 03:02:38,500
Spun it as a grand Triumph for 
his personal leadership, indeed,

3520
03:02:38,500 --> 03:02:41,600
when his exhausted troops, 
cheered Vive Bonaparte on the 

3521
03:02:41,600 --> 03:02:44,800
blood soaked fields of moringo 
it reinforced, his near 

3522
03:02:44,800 --> 03:02:48,900
Messianic, status Austria sued 
for peace and Britain, 2 sign 

3523
03:02:48,900 --> 03:02:52,500
the Treaty of Emmy in 1802, a 
rare moment of General European 

3524
03:02:52,500 --> 03:02:55,700
peace that the first console 
used to consolidate his regime. 

3525
03:02:55,700 --> 03:02:58,800
During these years. 
Napoleon revealed himself, not 

3526
03:02:58,800 --> 03:03:01,800
just as a brilliant General, but
as a statement of extraordinary 

3527
03:03:01,800 --> 03:03:06,000
talent and contradictions, he 
set about rebuilding France, the

3528
03:03:06,000 --> 03:03:09,500
consulate saw sweeping reforms, 
a new legal code, the code 

3529
03:03:09,500 --> 03:03:13,500
civilian code, was drafted to 
enshrine a quality before the 

3530
03:03:13,500 --> 03:03:16,200
law property rights and secular 
Authority. 

3531
03:03:17,100 --> 03:03:20,400
Napoleon took a direct hand. 
In its formulation personally, 

3532
03:03:20,400 --> 03:03:22,400
chairing. 
Many sessions of the Council of 

3533
03:03:22,400 --> 03:03:25,500
State quill in hand, debating 
points of contract law 

3534
03:03:25,500 --> 03:03:28,600
inheritance. 
The code completed in 1804 

3535
03:03:28,600 --> 03:03:31,300
eliminated, feudal, remnants and
became one of Napoleon's 

3536
03:03:31,300 --> 03:03:34,600
proudest achievements. 
A lasting framework of Justice. 

3537
03:03:35,500 --> 03:03:38,200
At the same time, he broke a 
reconciliation with the Catholic

3538
03:03:38,200 --> 03:03:42,700
Church through the concordat of 
1801 healing, the rift caused by

3539
03:03:42,700 --> 03:03:44,500
a revolutionary 
christianization. 

3540
03:03:45,500 --> 03:03:48,900
To the horror of ideologues this
pragmatic deal recognized 

3541
03:03:48,900 --> 03:03:51,900
Catholicism as the religion of 
most Frenchmen though, not the 

3542
03:03:51,900 --> 03:03:54,700
state, religion and restored 
some church influence. 

3543
03:03:54,700 --> 03:03:58,700
But under Napoleon's terms The 
once anti-clerical General 

3544
03:03:58,700 --> 03:04:01,700
understood that to pacify 
France, he must placate her 

3545
03:04:01,700 --> 03:04:05,000
Believers thus in Notre. 
Dame Cathedral where 

3546
03:04:05,000 --> 03:04:07,800
revolutionaries had. 
Once exalted reason Mass was 

3547
03:04:07,800 --> 03:04:10,100
celebrated Again, by order of 
the first console. 

3548
03:04:10,800 --> 03:04:12,600
No detail of governance. 
Escaped him. 

3549
03:04:13,400 --> 03:04:16,500
He created the bank of France to
stabilize the currency overhaul 

3550
03:04:16,500 --> 03:04:19,800
dead education with newly says 
and scholarships and reform 

3551
03:04:19,800 --> 03:04:23,600
taxation so revenues flowed, 
reliably roads and bridges were 

3552
03:04:23,600 --> 03:04:27,100
built or a cross the country. 
In the Twilight Halls of the 

3553
03:04:27,108 --> 03:04:29,200
twillery. 
Courtiers once again, dance at 

3554
03:04:29,200 --> 03:04:31,000
balls. 
But this time, honoring a 

3555
03:04:31,008 --> 03:04:34,500
soldier in place of a king. 
France was regaining prosperity 

3556
03:04:34,500 --> 03:04:36,700
and confidence under Napoleon's 
firm hand. 

3557
03:04:37,300 --> 03:04:40,200
All the while, bonapartes 
personal power, grew ever more 

3558
03:04:40,200 --> 03:04:44,300
concentrated. 
In 1802 a national plebiscite. 

3559
03:04:44,300 --> 03:04:47,600
Mimir carefully. 
Managed by his officials made 

3560
03:04:47,600 --> 03:04:50,900
him first consul for life. 
The result was announced with 

3561
03:04:50,900 --> 03:04:55,600
Fanfare, an implausible majority
of Voters in favor which 

3562
03:04:55,600 --> 03:04:58,700
flattered him immensely, he 
would famously dismiss 

3563
03:04:58,700 --> 03:05:01,400
objections by pointing to such 
plebiscites claiming. 

3564
03:05:01,400 --> 03:05:05,600
He had the people's mandate An 
emperor in Waiting in orbit 

3565
03:05:05,600 --> 03:05:07,300
name, he began to Envision a 
dynasty. 

3566
03:05:08,100 --> 03:05:10,900
In the quiet of his private 
study, pondered the fate of 

3567
03:05:10,900 --> 03:05:13,900
Caesar and Charmaine concluding 
that the revolution needed the 

3568
03:05:13,900 --> 03:05:15,700
permanents of monarchy in a new 
form. 

3569
03:05:15,700 --> 03:05:18,700
His siblings would give an 
honors and AED Adventure. 

3570
03:05:18,700 --> 03:05:21,800
Marriages, Napoleon was 
positioning the bonapartes as 

3571
03:05:21,800 --> 03:05:25,500
France's new royal family, much 
to the ridicule of some old 

3572
03:05:25,500 --> 03:05:28,800
revolutionaries who muttered 
that we did not destroy one 

3573
03:05:28,800 --> 03:05:32,400
aristocracy to create another 
But many others went along 

3574
03:05:32,400 --> 03:05:35,100
eagerly trading. 
Ideological Purity for the 

3575
03:05:35,100 --> 03:05:39,900
trappings of a renewed Court. by
1804 foiled plot against his 

3576
03:05:39,900 --> 03:05:43,500
life, such as the infernal 
machine bomb on a Paris Street 

3577
03:05:43,500 --> 03:05:47,800
in 1800 And royalist intrigues, 
provided the pretext to take the

3578
03:05:47,800 --> 03:05:52,200
final step. 
In the spring of 1804 evidence 

3579
03:05:52,200 --> 03:05:54,700
of a bourbon princes 
involvement, in a conspiracy 

3580
03:05:54,700 --> 03:05:59,000
lead Napoleon to order the Duke 
of Ong Yen seized from neutral 

3581
03:05:59,000 --> 03:06:02,300
territory and executed an action
that sent a chill through 

3582
03:06:02,300 --> 03:06:04,900
Europe's aristocracy but 
eliminated a potential 

3583
03:06:04,900 --> 03:06:08,300
figurehead for monarchists. 
Soon after the Senate petition 

3584
03:06:08,300 --> 03:06:10,900
Napoleon to assume the title of 
Emperor to stabilize the 

3585
03:06:10,900 --> 03:06:13,400
government, it was staged, 
managed yet. 

3586
03:06:13,400 --> 03:06:16,500
It answered a real yearning, 
among the French for continuity 

3587
03:06:16,500 --> 03:06:19,300
and Glory. 
Napoleon accepted. 

3588
03:06:19,300 --> 03:06:21,500
Another plebiscite was held 
again. 

3589
03:06:21,500 --> 03:06:24,300
Approving by an overwhelming 
margin, that Bonaparte become 

3590
03:06:24,300 --> 03:06:28,700
emperor of the French On 
December 2nd, 1804 Notre Dame 

3591
03:06:28,700 --> 03:06:31,400
cathedral in Paris hosted a 
coronation the likes of which 

3592
03:06:31,400 --> 03:06:35,200
Europe had not seen in decades. 
The medieval edifice wants to 

3593
03:06:35,200 --> 03:06:37,600
face and neglected. 
In the Revolutionary turmoil was

3594
03:06:37,600 --> 03:06:40,600
lavishly restored and draped in 
crimson and gold for the 

3595
03:06:40,608 --> 03:06:43,300
occasion. 
Dignitaries from across Europe. 

3596
03:06:43,300 --> 03:06:46,100
Some grudging others, curious 
attended. 

3597
03:06:47,000 --> 03:06:49,800
Pope Pius, the seventh himself 
was brought from Rome to bless 

3598
03:06:49,800 --> 03:06:53,200
the ceremony, a stunning coup 
that led to mantle of ancient 

3599
03:06:53,200 --> 03:06:55,900
legitimacy. 
The atmosphere inside, Notre 

3600
03:06:55,900 --> 03:06:57,900
Dame mixed Grandeur with 
spectacle. 

3601
03:06:58,600 --> 03:07:02,500
Incense wafted through the air 
hundreds of candles illuminated 

3602
03:07:02,500 --> 03:07:07,200
the Nave and the 35 year old 
Napoleon clad in Robes of velvet

3603
03:07:07,200 --> 03:07:10,700
and ermine process down the 
aisle to the strains of Glorious

3604
03:07:10,700 --> 03:07:13,200
music. 
But true to his character. 

3605
03:07:13,200 --> 03:07:16,100
He's subtly upended Tradition at
the climactic moment. 

3606
03:07:16,900 --> 03:07:20,200
As the pope prepared to anoint 
and Crown Him Napoleon, stepped 

3607
03:07:20,200 --> 03:07:23,900
forward, took the crown, a new 
golden diet and modeled on 

3608
03:07:23,900 --> 03:07:26,900
Charlemagne's into his hands and
placed it upon his head. 

3609
03:07:26,900 --> 03:07:30,500
The audience gasped, softly, it 
was unheard of from a monarch to

3610
03:07:30,500 --> 03:07:33,800
Crown himself, then Napoleon. 
Crowned Josephine's Empress 

3611
03:07:33,800 --> 03:07:36,600
gently setting, a small crown on
her bowed head. 

3612
03:07:36,600 --> 03:07:40,500
Even as tears of emotion, filled
her eyes, their marriage had 

3613
03:07:40,500 --> 03:07:42,200
been Rocky over the issue of an 
air. 

3614
03:07:42,200 --> 03:07:45,400
But today, they presented a 
united front in Majesty. 

3615
03:07:46,300 --> 03:07:49,000
The pope raised a hand in 
blessing, effectively ratified 

3616
03:07:49,000 --> 03:07:52,500
what had already occurred. 
Observers noted, the symbolism 

3617
03:07:52,500 --> 03:07:55,600
Napoleon signaled, that he owed 
his throne to no one. 

3618
03:07:55,608 --> 03:07:58,800
But himself in the French people
by the grace of God and the 

3619
03:07:58,800 --> 03:08:01,300
constitution of the Republic as 
the formula ran. 

3620
03:08:02,200 --> 03:08:03,900
Some detractors. 
Whispered, it was the ultimate 

3621
03:08:03,900 --> 03:08:07,200
Act of bonaparte's arrogance. 
Others saw in it the genius of a

3622
03:08:07,200 --> 03:08:09,200
man who made and recognized his 
own destiny. 

3623
03:08:09,200 --> 03:08:12,900
Either way Napoleon had risen 
from Corsican, obscurity to 

3624
03:08:12,900 --> 03:08:14,900
Imperial Zenith in just 15 
years. 

3625
03:08:15,900 --> 03:08:19,400
As the Cannons boomed, a 21 gun 
salute across Paris and the 

3626
03:08:19,400 --> 03:08:22,200
newly crowned Emperor stepped 
out on the cathedral steps. 

3627
03:08:22,200 --> 03:08:25,300
In the same uniform. 
He wore at Moringa beneath the 

3628
03:08:25,300 --> 03:08:28,900
Imperial mantle the crowds 
acclaimed him wildly Many had 

3629
03:08:28,900 --> 03:08:31,900
tears in their eyes but leaving 
they beheld the savior of 

3630
03:08:31,900 --> 03:08:34,800
France. 
Crowned in glory Thus, the 

3631
03:08:34,800 --> 03:08:38,200
French Republic gave way to the 
French Empire with Napoleon the 

3632
03:08:38,200 --> 03:08:41,900
first on the throne in him. 
People saw a rare combination of

3633
03:08:41,900 --> 03:08:44,000
revolutionary change and 
traditional Authority. 

3634
03:08:44,700 --> 03:08:47,400
He kept the slogan, Liberty, 
equality for eternity on his 

3635
03:08:47,400 --> 03:08:49,400
lips. 
Even as he founded in new 

3636
03:08:49,400 --> 03:08:52,800
nobility, granted Marshalls 
princely titles and sat on a 

3637
03:08:52,800 --> 03:08:56,500
throne, the third person, 
omniscient perspective discerns 

3638
03:08:56,500 --> 03:08:58,700
in Napoleon a consciousness of 
this Paradox. 

3639
03:08:58,700 --> 03:09:01,900
He sincerely viewed himself as 
the guarantor of the 

3640
03:09:01,908 --> 03:09:05,300
revolution's called Gaines. 
Even while accumulating power 

3641
03:09:05,300 --> 03:09:09,400
more absolute than any bourbon 
before him. on the night, after 

3642
03:09:09,400 --> 03:09:12,600
the coronation in the wheelie 
Palace, the emperor, sat long 

3643
03:09:12,600 --> 03:09:15,900
awake, The Imperial Crown rested
on a table nearby. 

3644
03:09:15,900 --> 03:09:19,400
Did he feel Triumph will the 
weight of what he had assumed 

3645
03:09:19,400 --> 03:09:22,700
perhaps both? 
He had achieved Grandeur but the

3646
03:09:22,700 --> 03:09:24,500
drive that fueled him did not 
Abate. 

3647
03:09:24,500 --> 03:09:27,800
He murmured to one consultant 
that evening I have crown 

3648
03:09:27,800 --> 03:09:30,400
Josephine, but it is only a 
refund on a journey. 

3649
03:09:30,400 --> 03:09:32,700
I refuse to slack off on the 
throne. 

3650
03:09:32,700 --> 03:09:37,400
We have only begun. 
Indeed, New Horizons of power 

3651
03:09:37,400 --> 03:09:41,600
stretched out before him Kings, 
to topple Nations, to found, and

3652
03:09:41,600 --> 03:09:44,900
an Empire that at its height. 
Would redraw the map of Europe 

3653
03:09:44,900 --> 03:09:46,900
and leave an indelible mark on 
History. 

3654
03:09:46,900 --> 03:09:50,900
Napoleon's empire burst onto the
world stage with all the pomp of

3655
03:09:50,908 --> 03:09:54,500
a revived Roman Empire and the 
energy of a modern nation state.

3656
03:09:55,200 --> 03:09:58,200
By 1805, the newly. 
Crowned emperor of the French 

3657
03:09:58,200 --> 03:10:00,400
stood at the Apex of his power 
and Charisma. 

3658
03:10:00,400 --> 03:10:03,000
He had transformed France 
internally. 

3659
03:10:03,000 --> 03:10:06,700
And now he set out to reshape 
Europe in France's image and 

3660
03:10:06,700 --> 03:10:09,900
under France's domination courts
across the continent. 

3661
03:10:09,900 --> 03:10:13,900
He from Vienna to Berlin. 
Watch the self-made Monarch with

3662
03:10:13,900 --> 03:10:17,400
a mix of all fear and loathing, 
they dubbed him, the Corsican 

3663
03:10:17,400 --> 03:10:20,800
ogre in private yet could not 
deny his Brilliance in war in 

3664
03:10:20,800 --> 03:10:23,400
governance. 
Napoleon's contradictions were 

3665
03:10:23,400 --> 03:10:26,800
becoming the world's problem. 
A child of Revolution who donned

3666
03:10:26,800 --> 03:10:30,100
a crown, a promoter of a gallery
in law, who married into the 

3667
03:10:30,100 --> 03:10:33,600
ancient regime in 1809, he 
divorced Josephine who had 

3668
03:10:33,600 --> 03:10:37,000
failed to produce an heir. 
A married Marie, Louise and 

3669
03:10:37,000 --> 03:10:40,800
Austrian holder on Archer, 
chessing himself to the 

3670
03:10:40,800 --> 03:10:45,600
habsburgs. 
The Empire Zenith roughly 1807 

3671
03:10:45,600 --> 03:10:48,500
to 1809. 
It seemed nothing could stand 

3672
03:10:48,500 --> 03:10:50,800
against him. 
His Empire stretched from the 

3673
03:10:50,808 --> 03:10:54,100
Atlantic to the Russian border 
from the North Sea to Naples. 

3674
03:10:54,100 --> 03:10:58,100
His brother Joseph sat on the 
throne in Naples, Joseph also 

3675
03:10:58,100 --> 03:11:01,400
ruled in Spain after 1808. 
His brother Louie, governed in 

3676
03:11:01,400 --> 03:11:03,500
Holland. 
His brothers, Jerome reigned in 

3677
03:11:03,500 --> 03:11:05,900
Westphalia. 
And in Italy, he himself wore 

3678
03:11:05,900 --> 03:11:09,600
the iron crown of Lombardy. 
A veritable family system of 

3679
03:11:09,600 --> 03:11:12,800
bonapartes replaced. 
Old dynasties Napoleon's 

3680
03:11:12,800 --> 03:11:15,000
Marshals once commoners and 
Soldiers of Fortune. 

3681
03:11:15,000 --> 03:11:19,200
Now, ruled as Duke's over, 
Concord province's, the map of 

3682
03:11:19,200 --> 03:11:22,500
Europe was redrawn with French 
client, republics and kingdoms 

3683
03:11:22,500 --> 03:11:24,600
Napoleon. 
Dismantled the ancient. 

3684
03:11:24,600 --> 03:11:29,400
Holy Roman Empire in the German 
Heartland in 1806, erasing, a 

3685
03:11:29,400 --> 03:11:30,800
millennium of history in the 
process. 

3686
03:11:30,800 --> 03:11:33,500
In its place. 
He created the confederation of 

3687
03:11:33,500 --> 03:11:37,800
the Rhine under his protection. 
From Portugal to Prussia, nearly

3688
03:11:37,800 --> 03:11:40,500
the whole of Continental Europe.
Either lay under his Direct 

3689
03:11:40,500 --> 03:11:44,600
Control or dance to his tune. 
These years saw Napoleon's 

3690
03:11:44,600 --> 03:11:47,600
military genius at its 
Undisputed Peak. 

3691
03:11:48,500 --> 03:11:52,100
The war of the third Coalition 
in 1805, brought France, head to

3692
03:11:52,100 --> 03:11:54,100
head with Austria, Russia and 
Britain. 

3693
03:11:54,800 --> 03:11:57,500
Napoleon's response was 
characteristically audacious. 

3694
03:11:57,500 --> 03:12:01,200
He abandoned his frequently 
discussed plan to invade Britain

3695
03:12:01,200 --> 03:12:03,800
as the Royal Navy still held 
sway over the seas. 

3696
03:12:03,800 --> 03:12:08,500
And instead, he swiftly marched,
his Grand Army, Eastward in a 

3697
03:12:08,500 --> 03:12:11,300
master stroke of maneuver, he 
encircled an Austrian Army at 

3698
03:12:11,300 --> 03:12:14,100
all in October 1805, without a 
major fight. 

3699
03:12:14,100 --> 03:12:17,800
Forcing its surrender then as an
Austrian and Russian combined 

3700
03:12:17,800 --> 03:12:21,000
Force, attempted to regroup, 
Napoleon lured them into a trap 

3701
03:12:21,000 --> 03:12:22,800
on the fields of austerlitz in 
Moravia. 

3702
03:12:23,500 --> 03:12:26,500
On December 2nd, 1805 exactly 
one year. 

3703
03:12:26,500 --> 03:12:28,700
After his coronation, he 
delivered what he himself, 

3704
03:12:28,700 --> 03:12:31,800
regarded as his tactical 
Masterpiece, the Battle of 

3705
03:12:31,800 --> 03:12:34,700
austerlitz also called The 
Battle of the three emperors. 

3706
03:12:35,700 --> 03:12:39,600
At dawn, a gentle fog, blanketed
the plane concealing parts of 

3707
03:12:39,600 --> 03:12:43,000
the French positions. 
Napoleon intentionally exposed 

3708
03:12:43,000 --> 03:12:44,500
to his right flank to the Allies
attack. 

3709
03:12:44,500 --> 03:12:47,700
And when they succumbed his 
deception, he launched an attack

3710
03:12:47,700 --> 03:12:51,400
on their Center, As the 
mid-morning Sun, the famed son 

3711
03:12:51,400 --> 03:12:53,300
of Australia's burned through 
the Mist. 

3712
03:12:54,600 --> 03:12:57,000
The French seized the high 
pratts and highlights splitting 

3713
03:12:57,000 --> 03:13:00,900
the enemy Army in two Napoleon 
galloped past cheering columns 

3714
03:13:00,900 --> 03:13:03,800
as they rolled up the Allied 
Lines by early afternoon. 

3715
03:13:03,800 --> 03:13:07,200
The Coalition Army was in full 
Retreat and thousands of enemy 

3716
03:13:07,200 --> 03:13:08,900
soldiers. 
Drowned in the ice of frozen 

3717
03:13:08,900 --> 03:13:10,700
lakes that the French artillery 
shattered. 

3718
03:13:10,700 --> 03:13:14,600
The victory was complete. 
Watching the remnants of the 

3719
03:13:14,600 --> 03:13:16,900
Russian army limbo. 
A Napoleon remarked to his 

3720
03:13:16,900 --> 03:13:20,600
Marshals with pride gentlemen. 
Remember this day it may well be

3721
03:13:20,600 --> 03:13:23,900
the greatest of my life, indeed 
austerlitz served as the 

3722
03:13:23,908 --> 03:13:26,000
crowning achievement of his 
Imperial reign. 

3723
03:13:26,500 --> 03:13:30,000
Austria, capitulated signing the
Treaty of pressburg and seeding 

3724
03:13:30,000 --> 03:13:32,500
territory. 
The Holy Roman Emperor abdicated

3725
03:13:32,500 --> 03:13:36,300
his ancient title shortly after 
effectively ending the Holy 

3726
03:13:36,300 --> 03:13:39,800
Roman Empire. 
In gratitude Napoleon soldiers, 

3727
03:13:39,800 --> 03:13:43,700
nicknamed him, the Soleil, 
Dustin the son of Australis, a 

3728
03:13:43,700 --> 03:13:45,400
symbol of the glory, he had 
brought them. 

3729
03:13:46,300 --> 03:13:49,700
With Austria, cowd Napoleon 
turned on Prussia in 1806. 

3730
03:13:49,700 --> 03:13:53,200
When that Kingdom belatedly an 
unwise, Lee challenged French 

3731
03:13:53,200 --> 03:13:56,000
dominance. 
The Emperors response was Swift 

3732
03:13:56,000 --> 03:14:00,600
and devastating in October 1806.
He crushed the proud Prussian 

3733
03:14:00,600 --> 03:14:02,300
Army. 
In a twin battle on the same day

3734
03:14:02,300 --> 03:14:06,900
Jana and our stepdad Jenner 
Napoleon's forces route to 

3735
03:14:06,900 --> 03:14:10,200
Russian army while on a nearby 
Field Marshal devou with a 

3736
03:14:10,200 --> 03:14:13,100
smaller French Corps, defeated 
the main Prussian Army at our 

3737
03:14:13,100 --> 03:14:16,600
state Frederick the great Smith 
of Prussian military prowess 

3738
03:14:16,600 --> 03:14:20,600
crumbled in a single morning. 
The French marched into Berlin 

3739
03:14:20,600 --> 03:14:23,600
and Napoleon visited the tomb of
Frederick contemplatively 

3740
03:14:23,600 --> 03:14:26,300
marking. 
If you are alive, we wouldn't be

3741
03:14:26,300 --> 03:14:29,700
here today. 
In a display of both magnanimity

3742
03:14:29,700 --> 03:14:31,600
and shrewdness. 
He took the sword of Frederick 

3743
03:14:31,600 --> 03:14:34,900
the great as a he ordered that 
the Fallen Prussian officers be 

3744
03:14:34,900 --> 03:14:38,000
respectfully buried. 
Despite the trophy Napoleon's 

3745
03:14:38,000 --> 03:14:41,200
empire burst onto the world 
stage with all the pomp of a 

3746
03:14:41,200 --> 03:14:44,200
revived Roman Empire and the 
energy of a modern nation state.

3747
03:14:45,200 --> 03:14:48,000
By 1805, the newly. 
Crowned emperor of the French 

3748
03:14:48,000 --> 03:14:50,100
stood at the Apex of his power 
and Charisma. 

3749
03:14:50,100 --> 03:14:52,400
He had transformed France 
internally. 

3750
03:14:52,400 --> 03:14:56,000
And now he set out to reshape 
Europe in France's image and 

3751
03:14:56,000 --> 03:14:59,900
under France's domination. 
Courts across the continent from

3752
03:14:59,900 --> 03:15:03,200
Vienna to Berlin, watched the 
self-made Monarch with a mix of 

3753
03:15:03,208 --> 03:15:07,600
all fear and loathing he dubbed 
him, the Corsican ogre in 

3754
03:15:07,600 --> 03:15:10,300
private yet could not deny his 
Brilliance and War in 

3755
03:15:10,300 --> 03:15:12,700
governance. 
Napoleon's contradictions were 

3756
03:15:12,700 --> 03:15:16,100
becoming the world's problem. 
A child of Revolution who donned

3757
03:15:16,100 --> 03:15:19,400
a crown, a promoter of a gallery
in law, who married into the 

3758
03:15:19,400 --> 03:15:24,800
ancient regime in 1809 Josephine
who had to produce an heir and 

3759
03:15:24,800 --> 03:15:28,300
married Marie Louise and 
Austrian arched Dutchess thus 

3760
03:15:28,300 --> 03:15:33,100
lying himself to the habsburg's 
at the Empire Zenith roughly 

3761
03:15:33,100 --> 03:15:36,600
1807 to 1809. 
It seemed nothing could stand 

3762
03:15:36,600 --> 03:15:38,900
against him. 
His Empire stretched from the 

3763
03:15:38,900 --> 03:15:41,900
Atlantic to the Russian border 
from the North Sea to Naples. 

3764
03:15:41,900 --> 03:15:46,300
His brother Joseph sat on the 
throne in Naples Joseph, ruled 

3765
03:15:46,300 --> 03:15:49,000
in Spain. 
After 1808, his brother Louie, 

3766
03:15:49,000 --> 03:15:51,500
governed in Holland, his 
brothers, Jerome reigned in 

3767
03:15:51,500 --> 03:15:54,000
Westphalia. 
And in Italy, he himself wore 

3768
03:15:54,000 --> 03:15:57,800
the iron crown of Lombardy. 
A veritable family system of 

3769
03:15:57,800 --> 03:16:01,700
bonaparte's replaced old 
dynasties Napoleon's, Marshals 

3770
03:16:01,700 --> 03:16:04,000
once commoners and Soldiers of 
Fortune. 

3771
03:16:04,000 --> 03:16:07,600
Now, ruled as Duke's over 
conquered provinces, the map of 

3772
03:16:07,608 --> 03:16:10,600
Europe was redrawn with French 
client, republics and kingdoms. 

3773
03:16:11,600 --> 03:16:14,600
Napoleon dismantled the ancient.
Holy Roman Empire in the German 

3774
03:16:14,600 --> 03:16:18,400
Heartland in 1806, erasing, a 
millennium of history of the 

3775
03:16:18,408 --> 03:16:21,100
process in its place. 
He created the confederation of 

3776
03:16:21,108 --> 03:16:25,100
the Rhine under his protection. 
From Portugal to Prussia, nearly

3777
03:16:25,100 --> 03:16:27,800
the whole of Continental Europe.
Either lay under his Direct 

3778
03:16:27,800 --> 03:16:31,800
Control or dance to his tune. 
These years saw Napoleon's 

3779
03:16:31,800 --> 03:16:34,500
military genius at his 
Undisputed Peak. 

3780
03:16:35,300 --> 03:16:39,000
The war of the third Coalition 
in 1805, brought France, head to

3781
03:16:39,000 --> 03:16:40,800
head with Austria, Russia and 
Britain. 

3782
03:16:41,700 --> 03:16:44,400
Napoleon's response was 
characteristically Oddish. 

3783
03:16:44,400 --> 03:16:48,100
He abandoned his frequently 
discussed plan to invade Britain

3784
03:16:48,100 --> 03:16:51,600
as the Royal Navy still held 
sway over the seas and instead 

3785
03:16:51,600 --> 03:16:55,400
he swiftly marched his Grand 
Army, Eastwood In a master 

3786
03:16:55,400 --> 03:16:58,500
stroke of maneuver, he encircled
an Austrian Army at all, in 

3787
03:16:58,500 --> 03:17:02,300
October, 1805, without a major 
fight, forcing its surrender. 

3788
03:17:03,300 --> 03:17:05,900
Then, as an Austrian and Russian
combined Force, attempted to 

3789
03:17:05,908 --> 03:17:08,900
regroup, Napoleon lured them 
into a trap on the fields of 

3790
03:17:08,900 --> 03:17:14,000
Australis in Moravia. 
On December 2nd, 1805 exactly 

3791
03:17:14,000 --> 03:17:16,200
one year. 
After his coronation, he 

3792
03:17:16,200 --> 03:17:18,600
delivered what he himself, 
regarded as his tactical 

3793
03:17:18,600 --> 03:17:21,600
Masterpiece, the Battle of 
austerlitz also called The 

3794
03:17:21,600 --> 03:17:25,600
Battle of the three emperors. 
At dawn, a gentle fog, blanketed

3795
03:17:25,600 --> 03:17:28,300
the plane concealing parts of 
the French positions. 

3796
03:17:28,300 --> 03:17:31,900
Napoleon intentionally exposed 
his right flank to the Allies 

3797
03:17:31,900 --> 03:17:35,400
attack, and when they succumbed 
to his deception, he launched an

3798
03:17:35,400 --> 03:17:38,800
attack on their Center. 
As the mid morning sun, the 

3799
03:17:38,800 --> 03:17:42,500
famed son of austerlitz, burned 
Through The Mists, the French 

3800
03:17:42,500 --> 03:17:44,600
seized the high, pratts and 
Heights splitting. 

3801
03:17:44,600 --> 03:17:47,800
The enemy Army in two Napoleon 
galloped past cheering columns 

3802
03:17:47,800 --> 03:17:50,900
as they rolled up the Allied 
Lines by early afternoon. 

3803
03:17:50,900 --> 03:17:54,400
The Coalition Army was in full 
Retreat and thousands of enemy 

3804
03:17:54,400 --> 03:17:56,100
soldiers. 
Drowned in the ice of frozen 

3805
03:17:56,100 --> 03:17:58,000
lakes that the French artillery 
shattered. 

3806
03:17:58,000 --> 03:18:02,100
The victory was complete. 
Watching the remnants of the 

3807
03:18:02,100 --> 03:18:04,200
Russian army. 
Limp away in Napoleon remarked 

3808
03:18:04,200 --> 03:18:06,600
his Marshals with pride 
gentlemen. 

3809
03:18:06,600 --> 03:18:09,900
Remember this day it may well be
the greatest of my life. 

3810
03:18:11,100 --> 03:18:14,500
Indeed Austin served as the 
crowning achievement of his 

3811
03:18:14,500 --> 03:18:18,100
Imperial reign. 
Austria, capitulated signing the

3812
03:18:18,100 --> 03:18:20,100
Treaty of pressburg and seeding 
territory. 

3813
03:18:20,100 --> 03:18:23,300
The Holy Roman Emperor, 
abdicated his ancient title 

3814
03:18:23,300 --> 03:18:27,200
shortly after effectively ending
the Holy Roman Empire in 

3815
03:18:27,200 --> 03:18:30,500
gratitude, Napoleon soldiers, 
nicknamed him, the Soleil, 

3816
03:18:30,500 --> 03:18:34,300
Dustin the son of Australis, a 
symbol of the glory, he had 

3817
03:18:34,308 --> 03:18:38,400
brought them. with Austria cowd 
Napoleon turned on pressure in 

3818
03:18:38,408 --> 03:18:41,400
1806, when that Kingdom, 
relatedly and unwisely 

3819
03:18:41,400 --> 03:18:45,700
challenged French dominance, The
emperor's response was Swift and

3820
03:18:45,700 --> 03:18:48,300
devastating. 
In October 1806. 

3821
03:18:48,300 --> 03:18:51,700
He crushed the proud Prussian 
Army in a twin battle on the 

3822
03:18:51,700 --> 03:18:57,100
same day Jenna and our Stead. 
Outside Jana Napoleon's forces 

3823
03:18:57,100 --> 03:18:59,700
routed, oppression Army while on
a nearby Field. 

3824
03:18:59,700 --> 03:19:02,700
Marshal davout with a smaller 
French Corps, defeated the main 

3825
03:19:02,700 --> 03:19:06,200
Prussian Army at our state 
Frederick the great Smith of 

3826
03:19:06,200 --> 03:19:09,000
Prussian military prowess 
crumbled in a single morning. 

3827
03:19:09,900 --> 03:19:13,300
The French marched into Berlin 
and Napoleon visited the tomb of

3828
03:19:13,300 --> 03:19:14,800
Frederick contemplatively 
remarking. 

3829
03:19:14,800 --> 03:19:17,300
If he were alive, we wouldn't be
here today. 

3830
03:19:18,400 --> 03:19:20,700
In a display of both magnanimity
and shrewdness. 

3831
03:19:20,700 --> 03:19:24,000
He took the sword of Frederick 
the great as he ordered that, 

3832
03:19:24,000 --> 03:19:26,900
the fallen officers be 
respectfully buried, despite the

3833
03:19:26,900 --> 03:19:29,700
trophy, the peninsula War as the
conflict. 

3834
03:19:29,700 --> 03:19:32,800
In Spain, came to be known 
became a vicious years-long. 

3835
03:19:32,800 --> 03:19:37,200
Guerrilla struggle that Napoleon
later referred to as the Spanish

3836
03:19:37,200 --> 03:19:39,900
ulcer. 
Draining his resources. 

3837
03:19:41,000 --> 03:19:42,800
It was the first major crack in 
his Empire. 

3838
03:19:42,800 --> 03:19:46,400
The mighty French arm designed 
for set-piece battles. 

3839
03:19:46,400 --> 03:19:50,000
Found itself bleeding in a 
symmetric war of ambushes and 

3840
03:19:50,000 --> 03:19:54,400
reprisals in the Spanish Hills. 
Napoleon himself traveled to 

3841
03:19:54,400 --> 03:19:58,200
Spain in late 1808 to Blitz. 
The resisting Spanish armies and

3842
03:19:58,200 --> 03:20:01,600
did win conventional battles 
with typical Brilliance, but he 

3843
03:20:01,600 --> 03:20:04,800
could not pacify the proud and 
hostile populist indefinitely. 

3844
03:20:05,700 --> 03:20:09,200
The British seized the chance 
and landed forces under Arthur 

3845
03:20:09,200 --> 03:20:12,200
Wellesley the future Duke of 
Wellington to support the 

3846
03:20:12,200 --> 03:20:15,700
Spaniards and Portuguese. 
For the first time Napoleon's 

3847
03:20:15,700 --> 03:20:19,100
Aura of invincibility was under 
Threat by an Insurrection and a 

3848
03:20:19,108 --> 03:20:22,600
foreign Expedition on his flank.
Still at the Empire's height, 

3849
03:20:22,600 --> 03:20:25,400
these troubles seemed minor 
compared to the Grand canvas of 

3850
03:20:25,400 --> 03:20:29,600
Napoleon's dominance. 
In 1809 Austria, encouraged by 

3851
03:20:29,600 --> 03:20:33,100
French difficulties in Spain. 
Dead to challenge Napoleon once 

3852
03:20:33,100 --> 03:20:37,200
more, the emperor responded with
swift Fury though, the Austrian 

3853
03:20:37,200 --> 03:20:40,200
surprise him and handed him. 
His first personal defeat in a 

3854
03:20:40,208 --> 03:20:43,000
pitched battle at Aspen essling 
just outside Vienna. 

3855
03:20:43,000 --> 03:20:47,300
Where in May 1809 Archduke, 
Charles inflicted heavy losses 

3856
03:20:47,300 --> 03:20:50,500
as Napoleon's attempt to cross 
the Danube was repelled, the 

3857
03:20:50,500 --> 03:20:54,500
French regrouped. 
In July, Napoleon spearheaded a 

3858
03:20:54,500 --> 03:20:56,400
significant attack during the 
Battle of wagon. 

3859
03:20:56,400 --> 03:20:59,400
The two-day intense battle on 
the plane's close to Vienna. 

3860
03:21:00,100 --> 03:21:03,400
It was a grim attritional battle
lacking, the elegant maneuvers 

3861
03:21:03,400 --> 03:21:06,400
of Australis but Napoleon's 
larger reserve of men and 

3862
03:21:06,400 --> 03:21:09,500
artillery prevailed. 
Austria sued for peace again, 

3863
03:21:09,500 --> 03:21:12,900
after wagon. 
As part of the settlement and to

3864
03:21:12,900 --> 03:21:16,300
solidify the new Franco Austrian
Amity, Napoleon took the 

3865
03:21:16,300 --> 03:21:18,700
dramatic step of divorcing 
Josephine. 

3866
03:21:18,700 --> 03:21:23,100
His beloved, but now 46 year old
Empress who had given him no 

3867
03:21:23,100 --> 03:21:25,700
children and marrying 
archduchess Marie Louise of 

3868
03:21:25,700 --> 03:21:28,200
Austria. 
The actor was a profound 

3869
03:21:28,200 --> 03:21:32,100
personal sacrifice for him, both
he and Josephine wept bitterly 

3870
03:21:32,100 --> 03:21:35,400
at their former parting, despite
past infidelities, on both 

3871
03:21:35,400 --> 03:21:38,900
sides. 
Yet Napoleon ever pragmatic 

3872
03:21:38,900 --> 03:21:41,600
about power. 
Knew the Bonaparte Legacy needed

3873
03:21:41,600 --> 03:21:44,400
an air of his own blood and an 
Austrian princess would bring 

3874
03:21:44,400 --> 03:21:45,900
legitimacy in the eyes of 
Europe. 

3875
03:21:47,000 --> 03:21:50,800
In 1811, Mary, Louise bore him, 
a son, who Napoleon grandly 

3876
03:21:50,800 --> 03:21:54,500
titled, the king of Rome. 
At 42, the emperor had a healthy

3877
03:21:54,500 --> 03:21:57,300
male, Heir, that year marked the
Pinnacle of Napoleonic 

3878
03:21:57,300 --> 03:22:00,300
confidence. 
He spoke a founding a dynasty 

3879
03:22:00,300 --> 03:22:03,900
that would last 100 years. 
One evening, holding the infant 

3880
03:22:03,900 --> 03:22:05,900
prints in his arms. 
Beneath the glow of chandelier 

3881
03:22:05,900 --> 03:22:08,400
light. 
He said to have murmured, you 

3882
03:22:08,400 --> 03:22:11,800
will be my living trophy, you 
will inherit all I have made 

3883
03:22:11,800 --> 03:22:15,600
amidst, these triumphs 
Napoleon's influence went beyond

3884
03:22:15,600 --> 03:22:19,300
Warfare and politics leaving an 
imprint on society and even 

3885
03:22:19,300 --> 03:22:22,600
distant continents, he spread 
the Napoleonic Code to the 

3886
03:22:22,600 --> 03:22:24,900
lands. 
He conquered laying foundations 

3887
03:22:24,900 --> 03:22:28,400
for legal systems from Italy to 
the Rhineland systems that 

3888
03:22:28,400 --> 03:22:32,100
emphasize clear laws and the end
of feudal practices, he 

3889
03:22:32,100 --> 03:22:35,400
abolished serfdom in Poland and 
introduced religious toleration 

3890
03:22:35,400 --> 03:22:38,500
and secular education in many 
backward corners of Europe. 

3891
03:22:39,400 --> 03:22:41,600
In the German states and 
elsewhere, his rule 

3892
03:22:41,600 --> 03:22:45,100
inadvertently sparked feeling of
nationalism subject. 

3893
03:22:45,100 --> 03:22:47,900
People's even as they resented 
French domination. 

3894
03:22:47,900 --> 03:22:52,000
Also, absorbed the ideas of the 
French Revolution that Napoleon 

3895
03:22:52,000 --> 03:22:56,000
carried with his armies. 
A young German or Italian in 

3896
03:22:56,000 --> 03:22:59,000
1810 at once. 
Hate Napoleon's, oppressive 

3897
03:22:59,000 --> 03:23:02,900
taxes, and conscription yet be 
inspired by the new concepts of 

3898
03:23:02,900 --> 03:23:04,800
Liberty and nationhood that came
in his wake. 

3899
03:23:05,600 --> 03:23:08,000
The consequences of his Reign 
also rippled across the 

3900
03:23:08,000 --> 03:23:11,800
Atlantic. 
In 1803 needing funds for war 

3901
03:23:11,800 --> 03:23:14,400
and sensing that holding 
territory in America was 

3902
03:23:14,400 --> 03:23:17,900
untenable after losing Haiti to 
a slave rebellion, Napoleon 

3903
03:23:17,900 --> 03:23:20,900
sold, the vast Louisiana, 
territory to the United States. 

3904
03:23:20,900 --> 03:23:24,200
An act that doubled the size of 
the young American Republic and 

3905
03:23:24,200 --> 03:23:27,900
reshaped, Global geopolitics 
equipped that this sale would 

3906
03:23:27,900 --> 03:23:30,700
forever thwart, British 
Ambitions in the new world and 

3907
03:23:30,700 --> 03:23:33,000
ensure an American power that 
could rival England. 

3908
03:23:33,800 --> 03:23:36,700
In a way, he was crafting the 
future Beyond his own Empire. 

3909
03:23:37,600 --> 03:23:40,700
Similarly his toppling of the 
Spanish regime jolted Spain's 

3910
03:23:40,700 --> 03:23:43,400
colonies in Latin. 
America leaders like Simon 

3911
03:23:43,400 --> 03:23:46,100
Bolivar would soon take 
advantage of the chaos to fight 

3912
03:23:46,100 --> 03:23:48,700
for independence. 
Indirectly influenced by 

3913
03:23:48,700 --> 03:23:51,800
Napoleonic upheaval. 
However at the beginning of the 

3914
03:23:51,800 --> 03:23:55,900
1810s Napoleon's World appeared 
to be completely focused on him.

3915
03:23:55,900 --> 03:23:59,900
He had achieved something 
unprecedented, a French Empire 

3916
03:23:59,900 --> 03:24:02,900
that dominated Europe in a man 
and not seen since Roman times. 

3917
03:24:03,800 --> 03:24:05,600
Flanked by his Marshals at Grand
Victory. 

3918
03:24:05,600 --> 03:24:09,200
Parade's, the emperor would 
stand on a reviewing platform in

3919
03:24:09,200 --> 03:24:12,100
his iconic, buy corn hat, and 
simple green uniform of the 

3920
03:24:12,100 --> 03:24:15,400
Imperial Guard while thousands 
of troops passed in martial 

3921
03:24:15,400 --> 03:24:18,300
splendor. 
Bands played LA marseille's and 

3922
03:24:18,300 --> 03:24:21,800
other patriotic hymns that once 
belonged to the revolution, but 

3923
03:24:21,800 --> 03:24:23,900
were Now co-opted to celebrate 
an emperor. 

3924
03:24:24,600 --> 03:24:27,900
To observe as in London or 
Vienna it might have looked as 

3925
03:24:27,900 --> 03:24:30,800
if Europe was lost in a trance 
of Napoleonic Glory. 

3926
03:24:31,600 --> 03:24:35,100
And indeed, many of the common 
folk in France and her satellite

3927
03:24:35,100 --> 03:24:37,300
States. 
Revered, Napoleon sincerely 

3928
03:24:37,300 --> 03:24:40,100
crediting him with delivering 
efficient government national 

3929
03:24:40,100 --> 03:24:44,100
pride and victory after victory.
Yet within Napoleon's tight 

3930
03:24:44,100 --> 03:24:45,700
Circle. 
There were those who sent the 

3931
03:24:45,700 --> 03:24:48,500
dangers of hubris creeping in 
Talia. 

3932
03:24:48,500 --> 03:24:52,300
His Wily foreign minister till 
Napoleon dismissed him once. 

3933
03:24:52,300 --> 03:24:55,300
Remarked acidly, that Napoleon's
downfall would be his inability,

3934
03:24:55,300 --> 03:24:59,100
to stop himself ill, and 
apartheid limits, he warned a 

3935
03:24:59,100 --> 03:25:00,800
colleague, the man knows no 
limits. 

3936
03:25:02,000 --> 03:25:04,000
Fouche, the police Minister kept
secret. 

3937
03:25:04,000 --> 03:25:07,800
Dozier's mapping discontent and 
conspiracies aware that not all 

3938
03:25:07,800 --> 03:25:10,900
Hearts were with the emperor. 
Even some Marshals grumbled 

3939
03:25:10,900 --> 03:25:14,200
about the endless Wars and their
human costs mothers across 

3940
03:25:14,200 --> 03:25:17,300
France, quite likely cursed, the
Emperor who took their sons year

3941
03:25:17,300 --> 03:25:20,200
after year, for his 
granddaughter Army The empire 

3942
03:25:20,200 --> 03:25:23,800
was powerful, but brittle in 
places Reliant entirely on one 

3943
03:25:23,800 --> 03:25:27,700
man's Brilliance and Charisma in
1812 at the height of his 

3944
03:25:27,700 --> 03:25:29,600
control. 
Napoleon assembled, the largest 

3945
03:25:29,600 --> 03:25:32,500
army Europe had ever seen over 
half a million men drawn from 

3946
03:25:32,500 --> 03:25:35,800
every corner of his domains. 
LED them Eastward in a campaign 

3947
03:25:35,800 --> 03:25:37,800
that he believed would secure 
his dominance once. 

3948
03:25:37,800 --> 03:25:41,600
And for all the target, his 
former Ally, the Russian Tsar 

3949
03:25:41,600 --> 03:25:44,400
who had drifted out of the 
continental system and defied 

3950
03:25:44,400 --> 03:25:47,800
French influence confident in 
his Destiny and a custom to 

3951
03:25:47,800 --> 03:25:51,000
Rapid victories Napoleon. 
Wagered everything on one more 

3952
03:25:51,000 --> 03:25:55,000
lightning War. 
The Grand Army, a Cosmopolitan 

3953
03:25:55,000 --> 03:26:00,100
host of Frenchmen Italians 
Germans polls and others marched

3954
03:26:00,100 --> 03:26:01,900
off with singing and high 
morale. 

3955
03:26:01,900 --> 03:26:06,200
And a summer Skies, it was the 
apogee of Napoleon's hubris an 

3956
03:26:06,200 --> 03:26:07,700
emperor at the peak of his 
power. 

3957
03:26:07,700 --> 03:26:10,700
Thinking, the conquest of the 
vast Russian planes would be, 

3958
03:26:10,700 --> 03:26:12,800
but another Triumph to notch on 
his belt. 

3959
03:26:13,600 --> 03:26:16,300
He told a diplomat we shall be 
in Moscow, in two months. 

3960
03:26:17,800 --> 03:26:20,500
As the column snaked East 
drummers tapping out, the 

3961
03:26:20,500 --> 03:26:23,500
Cadence on Dusty Rhodes. 
An eagle's glinting in the sun. 

3962
03:26:23,500 --> 03:26:27,000
None could imagine that the 
Zenith of the empire was all the

3963
03:26:27,000 --> 03:26:30,400
beginning of a catastrophic 
decline for now though Napoleon 

3964
03:26:30,400 --> 03:26:34,200
star blazed as bright as the 
midday sun in the minds of many 

3965
03:26:34,200 --> 03:26:37,200
who was the master of Europe, 
perhaps even Invincible. 

3966
03:26:37,200 --> 03:26:40,400
The thought that this supreme 
height might precede a full had 

3967
03:26:40,400 --> 03:26:42,600
not yet troubled, the dreams of 
the emperor of the French. 

3968
03:26:42,600 --> 03:26:47,100
However, at the beginning of the
1810s Napoleon's World appeared 

3969
03:26:47,100 --> 03:26:50,000
to be completely focused on him.
He had achieved something 

3970
03:26:50,000 --> 03:26:54,400
unprecedented, a French Empire 
that dominated Europe in a 

3971
03:26:54,400 --> 03:26:57,900
manner, not seen since Roman 
times Flanked by his Marshals at

3972
03:26:57,900 --> 03:27:00,100
Grand Victory. 
Parade's the emperor's Pier 

3973
03:27:00,100 --> 03:27:02,500
would stand on a reviewing 
platform in his iconic. 

3974
03:27:02,500 --> 03:27:05,600
Buy corn hat, and simple green 
uniform of the Imperial Guard 

3975
03:27:05,600 --> 03:27:08,600
while thousands of troops passed
in martial splendor. 

3976
03:27:09,400 --> 03:27:12,900
Bands played LA marseillaise and
other patriotic hymns that once 

3977
03:27:12,900 --> 03:27:16,000
belonged to the revolution, but 
were Now co-opted to celebrate 

3978
03:27:16,000 --> 03:27:19,000
an emperor. 
To observe as in London or 

3979
03:27:19,000 --> 03:27:22,400
Vienna, it might have looked as 
if Europe was lost in a chance 

3980
03:27:22,400 --> 03:27:26,200
of Napoleonic Glory. 
And indeed, many of the common 

3981
03:27:26,200 --> 03:27:28,100
folk in France and her satellite
States. 

3982
03:27:28,100 --> 03:27:31,400
Revered, Napoleon sincerely 
crediting him with delivering 

3983
03:27:31,400 --> 03:27:34,700
efficient government national 
pride and victory after victory.

3984
03:27:35,500 --> 03:27:37,300
Yet within Napoleon's tight 
Circle. 

3985
03:27:37,300 --> 03:27:40,000
There were those who sensed the 
dangers of hubris creeping in, 

3986
03:27:40,000 --> 03:27:44,200
tally around his Wily foreign 
minister till Napoleon dismissed

3987
03:27:44,200 --> 03:27:46,700
him once. 
Remarked acidly that Napoleon's 

3988
03:27:46,700 --> 03:27:50,700
downfall would be his inability 
to stop himself ill, Nepal 

3989
03:27:50,700 --> 03:27:53,600
delimits, he wander colleague. 
The man knows no limits. 

3990
03:27:54,800 --> 03:27:57,700
Fouche, the police Minister kept
secret, dosage mapping 

3991
03:27:57,700 --> 03:28:01,300
discontent and conspiracies 
aware that not all hearts with 

3992
03:28:01,300 --> 03:28:03,700
the emperor. 
Even some Marshals grumbled 

3993
03:28:03,700 --> 03:28:07,000
about the endless Wars and their
human costs mothers across 

3994
03:28:07,000 --> 03:28:09,900
France, quite likely cursed. 
The emperor you took their sons 

3995
03:28:09,900 --> 03:28:13,200
year after year for his 
granddaughter May The empire was

3996
03:28:13,200 --> 03:28:16,900
powerful, but brittle in places 
Reliant entirely on one man's 

3997
03:28:16,900 --> 03:28:20,900
Brilliance and Charisma in 1812 
at the height of his control. 

3998
03:28:20,900 --> 03:28:24,000
Napoleon assembled, the largest 
army Europe had ever seen over 

3999
03:28:24,000 --> 03:28:27,300
half a million men drawn from 
every corner of his domains and 

4000
03:28:27,300 --> 03:28:29,700
let them Eastward in a campaign 
that he believed would secure 

4001
03:28:29,700 --> 03:28:32,600
his dominance once. 
And for all the target, his 

4002
03:28:32,600 --> 03:28:35,700
former Ally, the Russian Tsar 
who had drifted out of the 

4003
03:28:35,700 --> 03:28:39,200
continental system and defied 
French influence confident in 

4004
03:28:39,200 --> 03:28:42,200
his Destiny and a custom to 
Rapid victories Napoleon. 

4005
03:28:42,200 --> 03:28:44,700
Wagered everything on one more 
lightning War. 

4006
03:28:45,500 --> 03:28:49,900
The Grand Army, a Cosmopolitan 
host of Frenchmen Italians 

4007
03:28:49,900 --> 03:28:54,600
Germans polls and others marched
off with singing and high morale

4008
03:28:54,600 --> 03:28:58,600
and a summer Skies, it was the 
apogee of Napoleon's hubris and 

4009
03:28:58,600 --> 03:29:00,300
Emperor at the peak of his 
power. 

4010
03:29:00,300 --> 03:29:03,500
Thinking the conquest of the 
vast Russian planes would be 

4011
03:29:03,500 --> 03:29:05,400
button another Triumph to notch 
on his belt. 

4012
03:29:06,300 --> 03:29:09,100
He told a diplomat, we shall be 
a Moscow in two months. 

4013
03:29:10,500 --> 03:29:13,200
As the column snake. 
Deezed drummers tapping out, the

4014
03:29:13,200 --> 03:29:16,300
Cadence on Dusty roads and 
Eagles glinting in the sun. 

4015
03:29:16,300 --> 03:29:19,800
None could imagine that the 
Zenith of the empire was also 

4016
03:29:19,800 --> 03:29:21,600
the beginning of a catastrophic 
decline. 

4017
03:29:21,600 --> 03:29:25,200
For now though, Napoleon star 
blazed as bright as the midday 

4018
03:29:25,200 --> 03:29:27,000
Sun. 
The minds of many. 

4019
03:29:27,000 --> 03:29:30,000
He was the master of Europe 
perhaps even Invincible. 

4020
03:29:30,000 --> 03:29:33,300
The thought that this supreme 
height might precede a full had 

4021
03:29:33,300 --> 03:29:36,100
not yet troubled, the dreams of 
the emperor of the French, the 

4022
03:29:36,100 --> 03:29:38,700
ACT left thousands on the far 
Bank, who shouted as the 

4023
03:29:38,700 --> 03:29:42,100
remaining Escape path burned, 
early December saw the Grande. 

4024
03:29:42,100 --> 03:29:46,300
Are may possibly 20,000 ragged 
frostbitten survivors from 

4025
03:29:46,300 --> 03:29:49,600
600,000 stagger into Poland and 
Prussia. 

4026
03:29:50,500 --> 03:29:53,000
Napoleon side with satisfaction 
when he entered friendly 

4027
03:29:53,000 --> 03:29:56,500
territory after narrowly 
escaping arrest multiple times 

4028
03:29:56,500 --> 03:30:00,900
during the retreat, the cost was
nearly unfathomable the Russian 

4029
03:30:00,900 --> 03:30:04,300
winter attacks and starvation 
reduced, the overwhelming Force 

4030
03:30:04,300 --> 03:30:08,800
centering Russia, less than 10% 
survived snow shattered. 

4031
03:30:08,800 --> 03:30:10,600
Napoleon's European 
invincibility. 

4032
03:30:11,500 --> 03:30:13,600
Paris rumors about the disaster 
for shadowed. 

4033
03:30:13,600 --> 03:30:17,500
His return Napoleon, abandoned 
the remaining troops and rode a 

4034
03:30:17,500 --> 03:30:20,800
sled, back to France and Cognito
and quickly in December 1812. 

4035
03:30:21,900 --> 03:30:25,400
He left, martial nae nae and 
others to oversee the terrible 

4036
03:30:25,400 --> 03:30:28,800
retreat. 
Poland left his forces to avert 

4037
03:30:28,800 --> 03:30:32,300
a domestic coup, a general named
melaye had launched a strange 

4038
03:30:32,300 --> 03:30:36,400
coup in Paris falsely announcing
Napoleon's death illustrating 

4039
03:30:36,400 --> 03:30:40,900
how delicate things were 
Napoleon crossed blizzards day 

4040
03:30:40,900 --> 03:30:42,500
and night to Paris before the 
year's end. 

4041
03:30:43,200 --> 03:30:46,100
Made the country believe, 
everything was fine, masking the

4042
03:30:46,100 --> 03:30:49,600
devastation. 
Short-lived facade after Russia 

4043
03:30:49,600 --> 03:30:52,900
won Europe's rulers, formed a 
coalition to destroy the weaker 

4044
03:30:52,900 --> 03:30:55,300
Empire. 
Usher joined Russia against 

4045
03:30:55,300 --> 03:31:00,000
France in early 1813 Austria 
prepared to jump in Napoleon 

4046
03:31:00,000 --> 03:31:02,900
quickly, recruited youngsters 
and Last Resort reserves to 

4047
03:31:02,900 --> 03:31:06,500
replace his veterans. 
As before he examined maps and 

4048
03:31:06,500 --> 03:31:10,100
made massive plans to defeat the
Allies, he was still alive, but 

4049
03:31:10,100 --> 03:31:13,400
reality was looming his Marshals
feared, he could win an 

4050
03:31:13,400 --> 03:31:15,500
interminable War because the 
French were exhausted. 

4051
03:31:16,700 --> 03:31:21,200
Napoleon returned triumphantly 
in mid 1813 in March 1813. 

4052
03:31:21,200 --> 03:31:24,500
He does beat the Russo Prussian 
Army at Luton and bouts and with

4053
03:31:24,500 --> 03:31:27,300
hardly trained Concepts Dem and 
straightening his operational 

4054
03:31:27,300 --> 03:31:29,900
competence. 
He hoped to prevent catastrophe 

4055
03:31:29,900 --> 03:31:34,500
again, too many odds were 
against him, October 1813 saw 

4056
03:31:34,500 --> 03:31:37,500
the Battle of light sick, later 
renamed the Battle of nations in

4057
03:31:37,500 --> 03:31:40,900
Saxony 3, days of fierce 
fighting between Napoleon's, 

4058
03:31:40,900 --> 03:31:44,100
Marshals and guard and a 
combined Russian Austrian and 

4059
03:31:44,100 --> 03:31:47,300
Swedish army. 
Napoleon was outnumbered roughly

4060
03:31:47,300 --> 03:31:50,100
two to one attrition and hostile
teamwork. 

4061
03:31:50,100 --> 03:31:52,500
Defeated him despite his 
expertise and bravery. 

4062
03:31:53,600 --> 03:31:56,300
Scared French officer blew up a 
crucial bridge too early 

4063
03:31:56,308 --> 03:31:59,200
trapping a rear guard on the 
wrong side of the river to be 

4064
03:31:59,200 --> 03:32:01,600
captured. 
Napoleon lost the biggest battle

4065
03:32:01,600 --> 03:32:04,100
in European history. 
Ending French rule in Germany. 

4066
03:32:04,100 --> 03:32:07,000
Many of Napoleon's, German 
allies affected. 

4067
03:32:07,000 --> 03:32:10,900
The Rhine Confederation fell 
while retreating over the elster

4068
03:32:10,900 --> 03:32:14,900
river, his beloved polish hero, 
martial, Pontius drowned 

4069
03:32:15,600 --> 03:32:18,600
Napoleon retreated to France 
with his 70,000 defeated 

4070
03:32:18,600 --> 03:32:23,100
soldiers, resolved to fight In 
early 1814, the Allies invaded 

4071
03:32:23,100 --> 03:32:25,200
France, expecting a quick march 
to Paris. 

4072
03:32:26,100 --> 03:32:28,800
Napoleon's little Force, 
defeated elements of the bigger 

4073
03:32:28,800 --> 03:32:32,700
Allied soldiers in the six days 
campaign in February. 1814 one 

4074
03:32:32,700 --> 03:32:35,700
of his most successful defensive
campaigns offered overlooked. 

4075
03:32:36,500 --> 03:32:39,500
His youthful mobility and skills
surprised his opponents at 

4076
03:32:39,500 --> 03:32:41,600
Champa, bear Montreal and 
Montrose. 

4077
03:32:42,400 --> 03:32:45,100
Seeing the emperor Sprint. 
Like a firefighter gave French 

4078
03:32:45,100 --> 03:32:47,100
peasants. 
Hope math told him. 

4079
03:32:47,100 --> 03:32:51,000
He was two outnumbered to win. 
Despite his few victories, the 

4080
03:32:51,000 --> 03:32:54,900
Allies reached Paris by late 
March. 1814 after Marshalls 

4081
03:32:54,900 --> 03:32:59,100
marmol and Morty left to defend 
Paris concluded resistance was 

4082
03:32:59,100 --> 03:33:01,300
pointless. 
The Coalition Army, took it 

4083
03:33:01,300 --> 03:33:05,100
practically and peace. after 
centuries without foreign rule, 

4084
03:33:05,100 --> 03:33:08,800
the Victorious, Czar Alexander, 
King, Frederick, William of 

4085
03:33:08,800 --> 03:33:11,700
Prussia and other dignitaries 
entered Paris on March, 31st 

4086
03:33:11,700 --> 03:33:16,400
1814 Parisians flocked to the 
boulevards in despair or relief 

4087
03:33:16,400 --> 03:33:18,200
as Napoleon's epic adventure 
ended. 

4088
03:33:19,100 --> 03:33:21,900
Napoleon was outraged and 
unhappy and Fontainebleau 

4089
03:33:21,900 --> 03:33:25,100
following paris's loss. 
Pondered marching his remaining 

4090
03:33:25,100 --> 03:33:28,000
men to seize the city, his 
Marshals, confronted him 

4091
03:33:28,000 --> 03:33:32,300
exhausted and honest for the 
first time, Marshalls nay had no

4092
03:33:32,300 --> 03:33:35,800
and LeFevre who had followed him
a cross Europe advice to reason.

4093
03:33:35,800 --> 03:33:39,200
They France was defeated and 
resistance would be fatal. 

4094
03:33:40,000 --> 03:33:43,600
Napoleon was Furious, accusing 
them of cowardice and betrayal. 

4095
03:33:43,600 --> 03:33:46,500
He faced a reality alone in 
Fontainebleau at night. 

4096
03:33:47,300 --> 03:33:50,100
The Allies sought his 
unconditional surrender, even 

4097
03:33:50,100 --> 03:33:53,300
his stepson and Brother Joseph, 
persuaded him to submit for the 

4098
03:33:53,308 --> 03:33:56,300
nation. 
Marshals and MacDonald issued, a

4099
03:33:56,300 --> 03:34:00,800
stunning ultimate on April 4th 
1814 Philippe must abdicate. 

4100
03:34:00,800 --> 03:34:04,300
Before the Army could march on 
Paris, Napoleon abdicated for 

4101
03:34:04,300 --> 03:34:08,000
his son, expecting an Allied 
Regency, when rejected, he 

4102
03:34:08,000 --> 03:34:11,200
realized the game was over 
Napoleon abdicated on April 

4103
03:34:11,200 --> 03:34:15,900
11th, 1814 were linking French 
Regal rights, you received an 

4104
03:34:15,900 --> 03:34:18,000
annual stipend and a modest 
guard on Elba. 

4105
03:34:18,000 --> 03:34:21,800
The smaller Italian Island from 
the Allies, a beautiful prison, 

4106
03:34:21,800 --> 03:34:25,500
for a Fallen King. 
Napoleon said goodbye to his old

4107
03:34:25,500 --> 03:34:28,900
guard in fontaine's, Courtyard 
on April 20th, 1814. 

4108
03:34:29,700 --> 03:34:33,300
France would remember a touching
scene Napoleon continued 

4109
03:34:33,300 --> 03:34:36,900
speaking with a steady 
impassioned voice saying to the 

4110
03:34:36,908 --> 03:34:40,800
soldiers of my old guard? 
I bid you farewell you've been 

4111
03:34:40,800 --> 03:34:44,200
my constant companion on the 
path to honor and glory for 20 

4112
03:34:44,200 --> 03:34:48,300
years do not mourn my fate. 
I want to document our wonderful

4113
03:34:48,300 --> 03:34:49,900
Deeds. 
Sweet kids. 

4114
03:34:49,900 --> 03:34:55,500
Goodbye Napoleon veteran 
grenadiers of 12 campaigns cried

4115
03:34:55,500 --> 03:34:59,600
the emperor, kissed the Imperial
Eagle flag one last time and 

4116
03:34:59,600 --> 03:35:02,400
hugged General Petty who was 
holding the regimental Eagle. 

4117
03:35:02,400 --> 03:35:06,500
He said goodbye kids raising his
hand in salutation. 

4118
03:35:07,300 --> 03:35:10,100
Napoleon despite his best 
efforts jumped into a carriage 

4119
03:35:10,100 --> 03:35:13,800
crying that night, many jaded 
soldiers, lay under the stars 

4120
03:35:13,800 --> 03:35:17,300
unsure of France's or their 
future without Lumpur, a veteran

4121
03:35:17,300 --> 03:35:20,200
mermaid. 
It's over a wonderful person 

4122
03:35:20,200 --> 03:35:23,500
left. 
An imaginary Kingdom held 

4123
03:35:23,500 --> 03:35:26,000
European ruler. 
Napoleon Bonaparte captive. 

4124
03:35:26,000 --> 03:35:30,600
He arrived at Elba 19 square 
miles of rugged terrain and 

4125
03:35:30,600 --> 03:35:33,500
Vineyards in Tuscany in late, 
April 1814. 

4126
03:35:34,600 --> 03:35:38,100
He was rarely self-pitying, 
keeping the title Emperor, the 

4127
03:35:38,100 --> 03:35:39,700
Allies. 
Gave him the name as a polite 

4128
03:35:39,700 --> 03:35:42,100
fiction. 
He established a small Court in 

4129
03:35:42,100 --> 03:35:45,700
Port of pharaoh elba's main town
and rained like France in 

4130
03:35:45,700 --> 03:35:48,800
miniature. 
Napoleon was Restless on Elba 

4131
03:35:48,800 --> 03:35:52,500
for nine months, he studied 
Lila's iron mines and quarries 

4132
03:35:52,500 --> 03:35:55,700
planned to modernize Agriculture
and designed a flag. 

4133
03:35:55,700 --> 03:35:59,100
A diagonal band of white with 
red and bees symbolizing 

4134
03:35:59,100 --> 03:36:02,100
industriousness, and potentially
nodding to his Imperial emblem. 

4135
03:36:02,900 --> 03:36:05,700
He formed a small Navy and army 
with a few ships and hundreds of

4136
03:36:05,708 --> 03:36:08,000
people including a loyal Old 
Guard Detachment. 

4137
03:36:08,000 --> 03:36:11,900
He wrote tight Roots inspected, 
Olive, Orchards and talked to 

4138
03:36:11,900 --> 03:36:14,100
Port. 
Fishermen Villages said his 

4139
03:36:14,100 --> 03:36:17,000
micro-management. 
Improved roads built a small 

4140
03:36:17,000 --> 03:36:19,200
hospital and accelerated tax 
collection. 

4141
03:36:20,100 --> 03:36:23,800
Elba's people were amazed and 
perplexed that this powerful man

4142
03:36:23,800 --> 03:36:27,500
cared about their humble life. 
A friendly elbow joked. 

4143
03:36:27,500 --> 03:36:29,500
He thinks he's still ruling. 
The world. 

4144
03:36:31,100 --> 03:36:34,800
Poland's Vigor overwhelmed as a 
delicate appearance Connections 

4145
03:36:34,800 --> 03:36:37,100
in newspapers kept him abreast 
of French and European 

4146
03:36:37,100 --> 03:36:40,600
happening. 
This information ordered him the

4147
03:36:40,600 --> 03:36:43,000
restored bourbon monarchy. 
The 18th was unpopular in 

4148
03:36:43,000 --> 03:36:44,900
France. 
The Arrogant Return of the old 

4149
03:36:44,900 --> 03:36:47,900
aristocracy led to the dismissal
of many Napoleon Affiliated 

4150
03:36:47,900 --> 03:36:51,400
French officers, and bureaucrats
rumors of royalist Revenge and 

4151
03:36:51,400 --> 03:36:54,500
economic recession. 
Circulated peasants, feared, the

4152
03:36:54,500 --> 03:36:57,100
Bourbons would retake their 
gains after Napoleon's reign. 

4153
03:36:57,900 --> 03:37:00,700
During a Congress of the great 
countries in Vienna to redraw 

4154
03:37:00,700 --> 03:37:02,600
Europe's map often Napoleon's 
fall. 

4155
03:37:02,600 --> 03:37:05,700
The British may send Napoleon to
a remote Atlantic Rock. 

4156
03:37:05,700 --> 03:37:09,000
If he becomes too difficult in 
Elba the island felt like a 

4157
03:37:09,000 --> 03:37:11,300
gilded prison. 
The Bonaparte family was 

4158
03:37:11,300 --> 03:37:14,600
Infamous for their infighting 
and Napoleon's mother and sister

4159
03:37:14,600 --> 03:37:17,800
clashed often Napoleon's busy 
mind, was bored. 

4160
03:37:17,800 --> 03:37:20,100
He was sad. 
Looking at the sea via a 

4161
03:37:20,100 --> 03:37:22,400
telescope from elba's, Cliffs in
early 1815. 

4162
03:37:22,400 --> 03:37:25,900
I live like a sleeping volcano. 
Read one letter. 

4163
03:37:25,900 --> 03:37:29,300
He could not bear the world 
going on without him his 

4164
03:37:29,300 --> 03:37:31,100
insatiable ambition and Fate 
One. 

4165
03:37:31,900 --> 03:37:35,200
In late February 1815, Napoleon 
returned to France, to reclaim 

4166
03:37:35,200 --> 03:37:36,600
his crown. 
After hearing, the Congress of 

4167
03:37:36,600 --> 03:37:39,700
Vienna was in disorder and 
France's anger, with Louis, the 

4168
03:37:39,700 --> 03:37:42,900
18th was growing. 
It appeared in possible and 

4169
03:37:42,900 --> 03:37:46,300
expelled Emperor, escorted by 
Allied ships, trying to incite a

4170
03:37:46,300 --> 03:37:49,000
civilian Insurrection to 
overthrow a reconstituted. 

4171
03:37:49,000 --> 03:37:52,500
Monarchy Napoleon had the 
ability to bring dreams to life.

4172
03:37:54,000 --> 03:37:58,900
Napoleon fled elbow on February 
26th, 1815 under loose guards. 

4173
03:37:59,600 --> 03:38:01,800
Travel to France with several 
hundred loyal Warriors. 

4174
03:38:01,800 --> 03:38:05,200
Aboard the ship in constant and 
on numerous smaller vessels to 

4175
03:38:05,200 --> 03:38:08,700
evade British surveillance. he 
escaped capture on the voyage by

4176
03:38:08,700 --> 03:38:13,000
chance and daring, Napoleon 
stared at the prowl with a 

4177
03:38:13,000 --> 03:38:17,300
familiar fire as the coach does 
Europe appeared France is ours. 

4178
03:38:17,300 --> 03:38:19,600
He informed his troops Bonaparte
believed. 

4179
03:38:19,600 --> 03:38:23,500
Louis, the 18th France would 
fail on March 1st 1815, the 

4180
03:38:23,500 --> 03:38:25,800
French Riviera witnessed an 
astonishing sight. 

4181
03:38:25,800 --> 03:38:29,600
Napoleon Bonaparte. 
The exiled Emperor landed near 

4182
03:38:29,600 --> 03:38:32,800
can with a tiny force and 
unfurled his tricolor flag once 

4183
03:38:32,800 --> 03:38:35,300
more. 
Dressed in his trademark grey 

4184
03:38:35,300 --> 03:38:37,700
coat and cocked hat. 
He stepped ashore and 

4185
03:38:37,700 --> 03:38:40,300
proclaimed. 
I have come to save France. 

4186
03:38:41,600 --> 03:38:45,300
Thus began the episode known as 
the 100 days a final blaze of 

4187
03:38:45,300 --> 03:38:49,500
Napoleon's meteoric, life. 
He marched northward voiding the

4188
03:38:49,508 --> 03:38:52,900
royalist stronghold of Provence,
choosing the Alpine route 

4189
03:38:52,900 --> 03:38:56,200
through the dolphin. 
A His band was small barely a 

4190
03:38:56,200 --> 03:38:59,800
thousand men but as they 
Advanced Napoleon's Charisma and

4191
03:38:59,800 --> 03:39:03,800
France is simmering discontent 
began to work miracles, the town

4192
03:39:03,800 --> 03:39:06,900
after town locals, especially 
veterans and peasants turned out

4193
03:39:06,900 --> 03:39:09,600
with curiosity and growing 
enthusiasm. 

4194
03:39:09,600 --> 03:39:13,100
To many, the news of his return 
felt like a long-lost family 

4195
03:39:13,100 --> 03:39:15,400
member coming home. 
A pivotal moment. 

4196
03:39:15,400 --> 03:39:19,500
Came on March 7th, near the 
mountain of lafri, Royal troops 

4197
03:39:19,500 --> 03:39:22,100
of the 5th, regiment and orders 
to arrest the user per 

4198
03:39:22,100 --> 03:39:24,500
confronted. 
Napoleon on the road, the two 

4199
03:39:24,500 --> 03:39:27,600
forces faced each other nervous 
and Silent Napoleon. 

4200
03:39:27,600 --> 03:39:30,900
Fearless Strode forward. 
Alone flung open his coat to 

4201
03:39:30,900 --> 03:39:33,700
bear his chest and shouted to 
the soldiers are raid against 

4202
03:39:33,708 --> 03:39:36,400
him soldiers. 
If there is one among you, who 

4203
03:39:36,400 --> 03:39:38,700
wants to kill his General? 
His Emperor here. 

4204
03:39:38,700 --> 03:39:42,900
I am for a tense heartbeat, no 
one moved then in an emotional 

4205
03:39:42,900 --> 03:39:44,700
Rush, the Royal troops erupted 
in. 

4206
03:39:44,700 --> 03:39:48,200
Cheers Vivo rang out as they 
threw down. 

4207
03:39:48,200 --> 03:39:50,900
Their white Bourbon cockades and
surged toward Napoleon. 

4208
03:39:50,900 --> 03:39:54,000
The men of the 5th, joined 
Napoleon's ranks in unison. 

4209
03:39:54,400 --> 03:39:57,000
Eyewitnesses saw veterans, 
crying and laughing as they 

4210
03:39:57,000 --> 03:40:00,400
Embrace, their former leader 
word quickly, spread throughout 

4211
03:40:00,400 --> 03:40:04,000
the countryside, Napoleon had 
returned, and the Army was 

4212
03:40:04,000 --> 03:40:07,900
United by him. 
King Louis the 18th attempts to 

4213
03:40:07,900 --> 03:40:11,300
muster resistance faltered as 
one regiment after another, 

4214
03:40:11,300 --> 03:40:15,300
either went over to Bonaparte or
melted away through May once 

4215
03:40:15,300 --> 03:40:18,000
Napoleon's, trusted bravest of 
the Brave had initially 

4216
03:40:18,000 --> 03:40:20,600
promised, the king he would 
bring Napoleon back in an iron 

4217
03:40:20,600 --> 03:40:23,500
cage but confronted with the fur
of his troops for the emperor 

4218
03:40:23,500 --> 03:40:27,700
nay too defected overwhelmed by 
old loyalties and perhaps the 

4219
03:40:27,700 --> 03:40:32,200
irresistible tide of sentiment. 
By March 20th, Napoleon reached 

4220
03:40:32,200 --> 03:40:34,700
Paris. 
Louis the 18th had already fled 

4221
03:40:34,700 --> 03:40:38,600
into Exile supposedly leaving so
hastily that, he lost a shoe, 

4222
03:40:38,600 --> 03:40:41,600
thus, giving a touch of fast to 
the bourbon Kings, second 

4223
03:40:41,600 --> 03:40:45,600
departure, That night Napoleon 
entered the Wheeler's to the 

4224
03:40:45,600 --> 03:40:49,300
ecstatic Roar of parisians. 
Who just weeks early had been 

4225
03:40:49,300 --> 03:40:52,600
murmuring against him as the 
ogre public opinion had. 

4226
03:40:52,600 --> 03:40:56,300
Once again, whiplashed 
remarkably in a matter of 20 

4227
03:40:56,300 --> 03:40:58,700
days without a single shot fired
in Anger. 

4228
03:40:58,700 --> 03:41:01,200
Napoleon had regular regained, 
his throne. 

4229
03:41:01,200 --> 03:41:05,200
It was one of the most dramatic 
political The Comebacks in 

4230
03:41:05,200 --> 03:41:08,000
history servers are Testament to
his unequaled, ability to 

4231
03:41:08,000 --> 03:41:11,500
inspire or intimidate and they 
also reflect the French people's

4232
03:41:11,500 --> 03:41:15,500
ambivalence about the restored 
monarchy The tricolor flew once 

4233
03:41:15,500 --> 03:41:18,500
more from public buildings in 
the streets people sang La 

4234
03:41:18,500 --> 03:41:21,600
marseillaise and lip. 
Bonfires Napoleon moved quickly 

4235
03:41:21,600 --> 03:41:25,300
to consolidate this unexpected. 
Second chance he sent letters 

4236
03:41:25,300 --> 03:41:27,900
professing peaceful intentions 
and offering new alliances. 

4237
03:41:27,900 --> 03:41:31,500
He even adopted a more liberal 
tone, promulgating a revised 

4238
03:41:31,500 --> 03:41:34,000
Constitution. 
The additional act that granted 

4239
03:41:34,000 --> 03:41:36,400
a free oppress, and a 
constitutional monarchy style 

4240
03:41:36,400 --> 03:41:38,900
government. 
An olive branch to liberals and 

4241
03:41:38,900 --> 03:41:42,400
moderates and France who wanted 
reform, The emperor claimed he 

4242
03:41:42,400 --> 03:41:45,300
had learned from Exile and now 
desired, to be a benign, ruler 

4243
03:41:45,300 --> 03:41:48,500
of a free people, many were 
skeptical of this late hour 

4244
03:41:48,500 --> 03:41:50,900
conversion to liberalism that 
they preferred him to the 

4245
03:41:50,900 --> 03:41:54,100
Bourbons regardless. 
However, Napoleon's escape and 

4246
03:41:54,100 --> 03:41:57,100
restoration shook Europe. 
The crowned heads at the 

4247
03:41:57,100 --> 03:41:59,400
Congress of Vienna were aged and
Furious. 

4248
03:42:00,300 --> 03:42:03,400
A coalition of practically every
other European power, Britain 

4249
03:42:03,400 --> 03:42:06,500
Prussia, Austria, Russia and 
others immediately formed 

4250
03:42:06,500 --> 03:42:09,200
declaring Napoleon and Outlaw 
and enemy of World Peace. 

4251
03:42:10,300 --> 03:42:13,200
The devil has been Unchained so 
the Austrian foreign minister 

4252
03:42:13,200 --> 03:42:16,200
Nick in capsule. 
The shocked outrage of the 

4253
03:42:16,200 --> 03:42:19,800
aristocracies the aristocracies 
quickly mobilized their Idol 

4254
03:42:19,800 --> 03:42:21,600
armies to decisively crush and 
Napoleon. 

4255
03:42:22,400 --> 03:42:24,400
Napoleon aware that diplomacy 
was hopeless? 

4256
03:42:24,400 --> 03:42:26,900
The Allies refused anything 
short of his second abdication 

4257
03:42:26,900 --> 03:42:30,900
prepared for war with a mix of 
urgency in confidence yet, 

4258
03:42:30,900 --> 03:42:34,800
Perhaps 125,000 soldiers of the 
regular army immediately at and 

4259
03:42:34,800 --> 03:42:38,100
plus volunteers. 
Swelling, the ranks daily Both 

4260
03:42:38,100 --> 03:42:41,300
veterans and new recruits were 
present, many driven by a 

4261
03:42:41,300 --> 03:42:43,700
patriotic Zeal to ensure that 
foreign monarchs would not 

4262
03:42:43,700 --> 03:42:46,600
dictate to France. 
He also reconstituted the 

4263
03:42:46,600 --> 03:42:49,900
formidable Imperial Guard. 
Still facing him would soon be 

4264
03:42:49,908 --> 03:42:52,900
several massive Allied armies 
converging from all sides, 

4265
03:42:52,900 --> 03:42:55,000
potentially over half a million 
men. 

4266
03:42:55,900 --> 03:42:58,800
Napoleon strategic Instinct 
guided him to swiftly and 

4267
03:42:58,800 --> 03:43:01,600
forcefully attack the closest 
adversaries before the Coalition

4268
03:43:01,600 --> 03:43:04,100
could fully unite. 
He famously said, to his 

4269
03:43:04,100 --> 03:43:07,000
Marshals, we must make a 
campaign that is prompt and 

4270
03:43:07,000 --> 03:43:09,400
energetic as in the days of our 
youth. 

4271
03:43:10,400 --> 03:43:13,700
In June 1815, he marched into. 
What is now Belgium then part of

4272
03:43:13,708 --> 03:43:16,500
the United Kingdom of the 
Netherlands to preempt the 

4273
03:43:16,500 --> 03:43:19,700
anglo-dutch Army under the Duke 
of Wellington and the Prussian 

4274
03:43:19,700 --> 03:43:24,300
Army under martial, blucher, 
hoping to defeat in turn On June

4275
03:43:24,300 --> 03:43:28,600
the 16th 1815 Napoleon's are 
made do Nord clashed with the 

4276
03:43:28,600 --> 03:43:33,300
crushing at Lee and the Anglo 
Allied Forces at Napoleon. 

4277
03:43:33,300 --> 03:43:36,200
Defeated blue here marking it as
his last victory. 

4278
03:43:36,200 --> 03:43:39,900
However it was not a route since
blue Heroes prussians with Drew 

4279
03:43:39,900 --> 03:43:42,200
in good order bruised but not 
broken. 

4280
03:43:43,100 --> 03:43:46,200
Marshal's fight at bra against 
Wellington's, forces was 

4281
03:43:46,200 --> 03:43:49,600
inconclusive neighbor's, unable 
to prevent Wellington from 

4282
03:43:49,600 --> 03:43:51,100
later. 
Pulling back to a defensive 

4283
03:43:51,100 --> 03:43:52,800
position near the village of 
Waterloo. 

4284
03:43:53,500 --> 03:43:57,700
Two days later on June 18th 
1815, Napoleon faced 

4285
03:43:57,700 --> 03:43:59,700
Wellington's. 
British-led Allied Army on the 

4286
03:43:59,700 --> 03:44:02,500
rolling plateau of min-sang, 
Jean just south of Waterloo. 

4287
03:44:03,200 --> 03:44:05,600
The ground had been soaked by 
heavy rains, the night before 

4288
03:44:05,600 --> 03:44:07,900
delaying. 
Napoleon's attack, until late 

4289
03:44:07,900 --> 03:44:10,700
morning. 
While it dried Napoleon's fate 

4290
03:44:10,700 --> 03:44:13,200
would be decided on a field of 
clover and Rye. 

4291
03:44:13,200 --> 03:44:17,100
One mile long and three miles 
wide with Wellington Scarlett. 

4292
03:44:17,100 --> 03:44:20,200
Coated infantry in Union, Jack 
flags, array to get against the 

4293
03:44:20,208 --> 03:44:24,500
tricolor standards of France. 
Wellington experienced 

4294
03:44:24,500 --> 03:44:28,400
defensive, General had a raid, 
his 68,000 troops behind gentle 

4295
03:44:28,400 --> 03:44:31,300
ridges and in strong points, 
like the farm of lahaye. 

4296
03:44:31,300 --> 03:44:34,700
Saint in the anxiously, awaited,
the arrival of Blue's prussians 

4297
03:44:34,700 --> 03:44:39,300
to bolster him. 
Napoleon had around 70,000 

4298
03:44:39,300 --> 03:44:42,300
troops, including the 
redoubtable Imperial Guard, but 

4299
03:44:42,300 --> 03:44:44,400
he too was looking over his 
shoulder for the prussians. 

4300
03:44:44,400 --> 03:44:47,400
Hoping, his subordinate Marshall
grouchy, would keep them at Bay.

4301
03:44:48,200 --> 03:44:51,800
There's Battle of Waterloo was 
fears and unrelenting a true end

4302
03:44:51,800 --> 03:44:53,600
game between the year as 
greatest commanders. 

4303
03:44:54,500 --> 03:44:57,400
Napoleon launched a midday 
assault with a grand, battery of

4304
03:44:57,400 --> 03:45:00,800
artillery and a main attack 
against the Allied Center while 

4305
03:45:00,800 --> 03:45:03,900
they lead, Cavalry Charges that 
thundered against Wellington's. 

4306
03:45:03,900 --> 03:45:07,400
Infantry Square's, The British 
and their allies held firm on 

4307
03:45:07,408 --> 03:45:09,100
the ridge despite horrific 
losses. 

4308
03:45:10,000 --> 03:45:12,900
By late afternoon, Nei 
misunderstanding an enemy 

4309
03:45:12,900 --> 03:45:15,400
movement mistakenly believed. 
The Anglo Allied line was 

4310
03:45:15,400 --> 03:45:17,800
faltering and led one of 
military history's. 

4311
03:45:17,800 --> 03:45:21,600
Most infamous Mass Cavalry 
Charges dozens of squadrons with

4312
03:45:21,600 --> 03:45:24,300
glittering, queyras and Penance 
thundering over the ridge 

4313
03:45:24,300 --> 03:45:25,900
without infantry or artillery 
support. 

4314
03:45:26,800 --> 03:45:29,000
They were met by the Resolute. 
Infantry squares. 

4315
03:45:29,000 --> 03:45:32,300
Wellington soldiers in silent 
rows behind bayonets. 

4316
03:45:32,300 --> 03:45:35,700
Endured repeated waves of French
Horseman swirling around their 

4317
03:45:35,700 --> 03:45:40,000
bristling Square's unable to 
break them Days Valor was under 

4318
03:45:40,000 --> 03:45:42,000
denial. 
His horse was shot from under 

4319
03:45:42,000 --> 03:45:44,700
him five times that day, but the
Chargers game, nothing. 

4320
03:45:44,700 --> 03:45:46,300
But heaps of dead men and 
horses. 

4321
03:45:46,300 --> 03:45:50,300
Napoleon watched this spectacle 
and reportedly exclaimed, that 

4322
03:45:50,300 --> 03:45:53,900
he had gone mad. 
As the afternoon wore on news 

4323
03:45:53,900 --> 03:45:56,400
reached Napoleon, that her 
Prussian forces were approaching

4324
03:45:56,400 --> 03:45:59,100
from the East blue, as coming 
fulfilling his promise to 

4325
03:45:59,100 --> 03:46:01,700
Wellington. 
For the love of God, come as 

4326
03:46:01,708 --> 03:46:04,000
fast as you can, will fight to 
the last man. 

4327
03:46:04,800 --> 03:46:08,300
In Deed by early evening. 
Prussian Advanced units under 

4328
03:46:08,300 --> 03:46:11,800
boo, boo attack, the French 
right flank at the Village of 

4329
03:46:11,800 --> 03:46:15,600
Plank and Noah forcing Napoleon 
to divert troops, including part

4330
03:46:15,600 --> 03:46:19,000
of the young guard, to hold them
off the iron Vice was closing. 

4331
03:46:19,800 --> 03:46:23,000
With time dwindling Napoleon 
took a final risk, he committed 

4332
03:46:23,000 --> 03:46:26,800
his Imperial Guard, his most 
loyal and Elite Italians in a 

4333
03:46:26,800 --> 03:46:29,300
final bid to break Wellington 
center before the prussians 

4334
03:46:29,300 --> 03:46:30,700
could fully Unite with the 
Allies. 

4335
03:46:30,700 --> 03:46:34,500
These battle-hardened, veterans 
short, but tall and reputation 

4336
03:46:34,500 --> 03:46:37,700
marched up the ridge in solid 
columns, drums, beating the 

4337
03:46:37,700 --> 03:46:40,700
pasta Shahs the Lumpur, they 
cried. 

4338
03:46:40,700 --> 03:46:43,700
As Napoleon watched them go 
these men who had never tasted 

4339
03:46:43,700 --> 03:46:47,400
defeat, the Allied line buckled 
under the initial impact, but 

4340
03:46:47,400 --> 03:46:50,300
Wellington had kept some units 
in reserve lying down behind the

4341
03:46:50,300 --> 03:46:52,900
ridge. 
At his command, the British 

4342
03:46:52,900 --> 03:46:55,200
guards and other units. 
Stood up close range, and 

4343
03:46:55,200 --> 03:46:57,800
poured, volleys into the flanks 
of the advancing guard columns, 

4344
03:46:58,500 --> 03:47:01,500
A brutal firefight ensued near 
the summit of the ridge. 

4345
03:47:02,400 --> 03:47:05,200
Under hail storms of musket 
balls and great shot for the 

4346
03:47:05,200 --> 03:47:07,800
first time in memory Imperial 
Guard recoil. 

4347
03:47:08,600 --> 03:47:13,400
The cry went up among the Allied
troops Lagarde which means the 

4348
03:47:13,400 --> 03:47:16,300
guard is falling back. 
Shock Ripple through the French 

4349
03:47:16,300 --> 03:47:19,200
lines, disbelief turned to 
panic, as the guards Retreat 

4350
03:47:19,200 --> 03:47:22,300
became General. 
Wellington seized the moment, 

4351
03:47:22,300 --> 03:47:25,400
waving his hat and ordering a 
general Advance all along the 

4352
03:47:25,400 --> 03:47:28,300
line Blue's. 
Prussians now, arriving in force

4353
03:47:28,300 --> 03:47:31,500
sashed into the French, right? 
Napoleon's Army exhausted. 

4354
03:47:31,500 --> 03:47:34,900
And with its morale shattered, 
began to disintegrate on a 

4355
03:47:34,900 --> 03:47:37,000
gentle slope. 
A square of the old God formed 

4356
03:47:37,000 --> 03:47:38,500
to act as a rear guard for the 
fleeing Army. 

4357
03:47:39,400 --> 03:47:42,100
Surrounded by Allied Forces. 
They were given a chance to 

4358
03:47:42,100 --> 03:47:45,500
surrender. 
One apocryphal version tells 

4359
03:47:45,500 --> 03:47:49,300
that when called to yield a 
Guard general perhaps, come on, 

4360
03:47:49,300 --> 03:47:55,200
retorted legarde Mehran PA. 
The guard dies but does not 

4361
03:47:55,200 --> 03:47:58,100
surrender. 
Followed by a defiant mad. 

4362
03:47:59,400 --> 03:48:02,300
When eventually overwhelmed, 
many of these steadfast 

4363
03:48:02,300 --> 03:48:05,500
grenadiers indeed died where 
they stood rather than 

4364
03:48:05,500 --> 03:48:09,800
capitulate. 
Among the chaos Napoleon who had

4365
03:48:09,800 --> 03:48:12,900
remained on the field and the 
guards repulsed, almost fell 

4366
03:48:12,900 --> 03:48:17,300
into enemy hands, as all seemed 
lost his Marshals, persuaded him

4367
03:48:17,300 --> 03:48:20,000
to depart, he fled the field in 
a carriage. 

4368
03:48:20,000 --> 03:48:23,900
As Darkness fell racing back 
toward Paris, his dream of 

4369
03:48:23,900 --> 03:48:27,400
renewed Glory shattered, the 
Battle of Waterloo was over 

4370
03:48:27,400 --> 03:48:31,800
Napoleon's final gambled. 
Napoleon reportedly said, 

4371
03:48:31,800 --> 03:48:36,100
cifuni, aloe it's finished. 
Then as he left. 

4372
03:48:37,400 --> 03:48:40,100
Back in Paris, Napoleon 
attempted to Rally support for 

4373
03:48:40,100 --> 03:48:43,600
continuing resistance. 
But the political will was gone 

4374
03:48:43,600 --> 03:48:47,400
the legend of turned against him
and even the ever-loyal martial 

4375
03:48:47,400 --> 03:48:49,600
name. 
Now, urged abdication, saying 

4376
03:48:49,600 --> 03:48:51,800
another, round of Civil War 
would Rouen France. 

4377
03:48:52,900 --> 03:48:56,800
On June 22nd 1815 Napoleon 
abdicated for the second time 

4378
03:48:56,800 --> 03:48:59,600
and in favor of his young son, 
Napoleon the second though, the 

4379
03:48:59,600 --> 03:49:02,100
Allies ignored this and restore 
Louis the 18th again. 

4380
03:49:03,100 --> 03:49:06,300
He then made his way to the 
Atlantic coast, initially hoping

4381
03:49:06,300 --> 03:49:09,900
to escape the United States. 
For weeks, he lingered at 

4382
03:49:09,900 --> 03:49:12,600
rochefort with two British 
warships, blocking any attempt 

4383
03:49:12,600 --> 03:49:15,700
to sail. 
Finally, realizing he could not 

4384
03:49:15,700 --> 03:49:18,500
elude the global reach of 
British Sea power and Napoleon 

4385
03:49:18,500 --> 03:49:21,600
surrendered himself to the 
British captain Maitland of HMS 

4386
03:49:21,600 --> 03:49:27,400
bellerophon on July 15th 1815. 
He would be treated as a former 

4387
03:49:27,400 --> 03:49:29,600
head of state and allowed 
retirement in Britain or 

4388
03:49:29,600 --> 03:49:32,600
elsewhere. 
Instead the British driven by 

4389
03:49:32,600 --> 03:49:34,700
their governments resolve that 
he never trouble the world 

4390
03:49:34,700 --> 03:49:37,900
again, decided to send him to 
the remote, South Atlantic 

4391
03:49:37,900 --> 03:49:41,200
island of Saint Helena far from 
any European Shore. 

4392
03:49:42,500 --> 03:49:46,100
In October 1815, Napoleon 
arrived at this Stark, volcanic 

4393
03:49:46,100 --> 03:49:49,200
island, roughly 1200 miles from 
the coast of Africa. 

4394
03:49:50,000 --> 03:49:53,000
Thus began his second final 
Exile on a speck of land. 

4395
03:49:53,000 --> 03:49:55,000
That was essentially an open-air
prison. 

4396
03:49:55,800 --> 03:50:00,000
He was 46 years old, the climate
was damp the terrain rugged, but

4397
03:50:00,000 --> 03:50:03,200
confined there would be no 
dramatic Escape or return from 

4398
03:50:03,200 --> 03:50:06,500
this place, the British Governor
so Hudson Lowe was due to full 

4399
03:50:06,500 --> 03:50:09,200
and watchful restricting 
Napoleon's movements. 

4400
03:50:09,200 --> 03:50:13,000
To prevent any chance of rescue.
Napoleon was given a residence 

4401
03:50:13,000 --> 03:50:16,300
Longwood house which was damp 
Windswept, and hardly 

4402
03:50:16,300 --> 03:50:17,800
comfortable by Imperial 
standards. 

4403
03:50:17,800 --> 03:50:21,200
He passed the next almost six 
years and a strange half life. 

4404
03:50:22,000 --> 03:50:24,700
A small cohort of loyal 
followers voluntarily 

4405
03:50:24,700 --> 03:50:28,300
accompanied him General's, 
Bertrand and month-long counter 

4406
03:50:28,300 --> 03:50:30,700
lacasse says, and his valet 
Marshawn, among others. 

4407
03:50:30,700 --> 03:50:35,100
And if they formed a tiny Court 
in Exile, Napoleon established a

4408
03:50:35,100 --> 03:50:37,400
daily routine. 
Dictating his Memoirs and 

4409
03:50:37,400 --> 03:50:40,500
thoughts to his companions. 
Specially less cases, who 

4410
03:50:40,500 --> 03:50:43,200
recorded his conversations in, 
what would become the memorial 

4411
03:50:43,200 --> 03:50:46,400
of Saint Helena. tending, a 
small garden, reading, 

4412
03:50:46,400 --> 03:50:49,500
voraciously history, and 
literature, and the newspapers 

4413
03:50:49,500 --> 03:50:52,200
when he could get them and 
taking the occasional ride or 

4414
03:50:52,200 --> 03:50:55,300
walk, when his health allowed, 
Over time his robust 

4415
03:50:55,300 --> 03:50:58,300
Constitution began to fail. 
He grew Stout from lack of 

4416
03:50:58,308 --> 03:51:01,000
exercise. 
And rich food, they still dined 

4417
03:51:01,000 --> 03:51:02,600
formerly each night on Silver 
Plate. 

4418
03:51:02,600 --> 03:51:05,100
Maintaining pretenses of an 
imperial household. 

4419
03:51:06,100 --> 03:51:08,200
He suffered from what appeared 
to be a stomach ailment. 

4420
03:51:08,200 --> 03:51:11,100
Perhaps an ulcer or ultimately 
stomach cancer. 

4421
03:51:11,100 --> 03:51:13,200
His father had died of stomach, 
cancer 2. 

4422
03:51:14,000 --> 03:51:16,800
Some speculated he was being 
slowly poisoned indeed. 

4423
03:51:16,800 --> 03:51:19,500
Arsenic was later. 
Found in hair samples though. 

4424
03:51:19,500 --> 03:51:21,700
Modern historians, leaned 
towards natural illness, 

4425
03:51:21,700 --> 03:51:24,900
exacerbated by the conditions 
and possibly the Arsenic present

4426
03:51:24,900 --> 03:51:27,100
in things like the wallpaper 
die. 

4427
03:51:28,000 --> 03:51:31,300
Emotionally and intellectually 
Napoleon oscillated between 

4428
03:51:31,300 --> 03:51:34,000
border bitterness and reflective
car. 

4429
03:51:34,000 --> 03:51:38,000
He would spend hours mapping out
alternative histories what he 

4430
03:51:38,000 --> 03:51:40,800
should have done at Waterloo or 
regretting not crushing the 

4431
03:51:40,800 --> 03:51:44,000
crush's more decisively earlier 
or lamenting the Folly of the 

4432
03:51:44,000 --> 03:51:47,000
Russian campaign. 
But other times he would delve 

4433
03:51:47,000 --> 03:51:49,300
into philosophical discussions 
about fate in the future 

4434
03:51:49,300 --> 03:51:52,700
Generations. 
He once stated they wanted me to

4435
03:51:52,700 --> 03:51:55,500
be another Washington referring 
to how Britain might have 

4436
03:51:55,500 --> 03:51:58,800
expected him to quietly retire 
and farm, but they will not find

4437
03:51:58,800 --> 03:52:03,000
another Washington in me. 
As months turned to years, 

4438
03:52:03,000 --> 03:52:07,400
Napoleon became preoccupied with
shaping his legacy in dictation 

4439
03:52:07,400 --> 03:52:09,100
sessions. 
He portrayed himself as the 

4440
03:52:09,100 --> 03:52:12,200
champion of the people's rights 
against reactionary monarchs and

4441
03:52:12,200 --> 03:52:16,100
as a soldier philosopher, who 
spread revolutionary ideals He 

4442
03:52:16,100 --> 03:52:18,400
insisted that his True Glory was
not the 40 battles. 

4443
03:52:18,400 --> 03:52:20,800
He won for defeat at Waterloo, 
overshadowed them. 

4444
03:52:20,800 --> 03:52:24,700
But what will live forever is my
civil code, the administrative 

4445
03:52:24,700 --> 03:52:28,100
reforms, the memory of a Nation.
I transformed, he described the 

4446
03:52:28,108 --> 03:52:31,400
Grande Army as a Band of 
Brothers who achieved The 

4447
03:52:31,408 --> 03:52:34,900
Impossible out of love for 
France, even expressed some 

4448
03:52:34,900 --> 03:52:37,900
remorse or at least sadness over
the human cost of his Ambitions 

4449
03:52:37,900 --> 03:52:41,600
at times sitting on the porch. 
At Longwood gazing at the 

4450
03:52:41,608 --> 03:52:43,400
Atlantic rollers under a gray 
sky. 

4451
03:52:43,400 --> 03:52:47,300
One imagines Napoleon pondering 
the ultimate futility of worldly

4452
03:52:47,300 --> 03:52:49,900
power. 
Nevertheless he never lost a 

4453
03:52:49,900 --> 03:52:53,200
certain pride and combativeness 
when sir Hudson low would visit 

4454
03:52:53,200 --> 03:52:56,100
with Petty regulations or refuse
him, the title of Emperor and 

4455
03:52:56,100 --> 03:52:58,300
correspondence. 
The British addressed him as 

4456
03:52:58,300 --> 03:53:01,300
general Bonaparte, Napoleon 
would bristle with anger. 

4457
03:53:01,300 --> 03:53:04,200
Sometimes refusing to see the 
governor at all, cloaking 

4458
03:53:04,200 --> 03:53:07,600
himself in dignified, silence 
his Entourage remained fiercely 

4459
03:53:07,600 --> 03:53:11,900
loyal, sharing in these 
indigenous in 1818, Las cases 

4460
03:53:11,900 --> 03:53:15,200
was deported by Lisa, milieu for
allegedly, trying to smuggle, 

4461
03:53:15,200 --> 03:53:19,000
let Is to Europe. 
Napoleon was outraged, but he 

4462
03:53:19,000 --> 03:53:22,900
continued his dictations with 
others over time reports of his 

4463
03:53:22,900 --> 03:53:25,100
declining Health reached Europe 
and softened some hearts. 

4464
03:53:25,100 --> 03:53:28,600
Even royalists in France, became
less harsh and a simmering 

4465
03:53:28,600 --> 03:53:32,900
bonapartist, sentiment emerged 
in 1821 as Napoleon's condition,

4466
03:53:32,900 --> 03:53:36,200
worsened constant abdominal 
pain, nausea and physical 

4467
03:53:36,200 --> 03:53:39,200
weakening. 
He took to bed in April, he sent

4468
03:53:39,200 --> 03:53:42,700
the end was near and made a will
famously asking to be buried on 

4469
03:53:42,700 --> 03:53:45,800
the banks of the sin, among the 
French people who may have loved

4470
03:53:45,800 --> 03:53:49,600
so much. 
On May the 5th 1821 during a 

4471
03:53:49,600 --> 03:53:53,300
ferocious storm, Napoleon died. 
His last words murmured in 

4472
03:53:53,308 --> 03:53:57,100
Delirium were recorded by those 
at his bedside as France, gilway

4473
03:53:57,100 --> 03:54:01,600
Army. 
Tech dummy, Josephine. 

4474
03:54:03,600 --> 03:54:05,300
France. 
The army. 

4475
03:54:06,500 --> 03:54:08,700
Head of the army. 
Josephine. 

4476
03:54:10,400 --> 03:54:13,500
Even at the final moment, his 
mind clung to what he cherished,

4477
03:54:13,500 --> 03:54:17,500
his country, his soldiers, his 
glory and perhaps a fleeting 

4478
03:54:17,500 --> 03:54:21,200
thought of the first wife, he 
had loved Napoleon was buried on

4479
03:54:21,200 --> 03:54:24,000
Saint Helena in a shaded Valley,
in a modest. 

4480
03:54:24,000 --> 03:54:27,400
Grave marked only by a simple, 
Tombstone, the British wary of 

4481
03:54:27,400 --> 03:54:30,900
any symbol left it nameless. 
But death, only magnified the 

4482
03:54:30,900 --> 03:54:34,400
legend within years, Memoirs, 
like the memorial of Saint 

4483
03:54:34,400 --> 03:54:37,700
Helena spread across Europe, 
painting Napoleon is a romantic 

4484
03:54:37,700 --> 03:54:41,600
hero, and Martyr of sorts the 
great man and done by fate and 

4485
03:54:41,600 --> 03:54:45,000
the malice of lesser men. 
The term Napoleon complex would 

4486
03:54:45,000 --> 03:54:47,700
come to describe, not 
psychological height issues but 

4487
03:54:47,700 --> 03:54:51,300
the complexity of his historical
image Tyrant or enlightened 

4488
03:54:51,300 --> 03:54:53,800
ruler military genius or 
Reckless conqueror. 

4489
03:54:54,400 --> 03:54:58,400
In 1840, as political Tides 
changed in France, King Louis 

4490
03:54:58,400 --> 03:55:02,200
Philippe obtained permission to 
bring Napoleon's remains home in

4491
03:55:02,200 --> 03:55:05,300
a grande State ceremony. 
Napoleon's body was exhumed 

4492
03:55:05,300 --> 03:55:09,900
found remarkably well preserved,
and transported to Paris lined 

4493
03:55:09,900 --> 03:55:13,200
by hundreds of thousands of 
Silent onlookers, his coffin 

4494
03:55:13,200 --> 03:55:15,600
passed under the Arctic Tree on 
that Monument. 

4495
03:55:15,600 --> 03:55:18,600
He commissioned at the height of
his power and he was finally 

4496
03:55:18,600 --> 03:55:21,900
laid to rest with full honors in
a red, poor furry, sarcophagus 

4497
03:55:21,900 --> 03:55:25,300
at France thus symbolically 
reconciled with her. 

4498
03:55:25,300 --> 03:55:28,600
Prodigal son. 
He described the grand amay as a

4499
03:55:28,600 --> 03:55:31,800
Band of Brothers who achieve the
impossible out of love for 

4500
03:55:31,800 --> 03:55:35,800
France even expressed some more 
shortly sadness over the human 

4501
03:55:35,800 --> 03:55:39,700
cost of his Ambitions at times 
sitting on the portrait Longwood

4502
03:55:39,700 --> 03:55:42,400
gazing at the Atlantic rollers 
under a gray sky. 

4503
03:55:42,400 --> 03:55:46,300
One imagines Napoleon pondering 
the ultimate futility of worldly

4504
03:55:46,300 --> 03:55:49,700
power Nevertheless, he never 
lost a certain pride and 

4505
03:55:49,700 --> 03:55:53,000
combativeness when sir Hudson 
low would visit with Petty 

4506
03:55:53,000 --> 03:55:55,400
regulations or refuse him, the 
title of Emperor and 

4507
03:55:55,400 --> 03:55:57,700
correspondence that British 
addressed him as general 

4508
03:55:57,700 --> 03:56:00,400
Bonaparte, Napoleon would 
bristle with anger. 

4509
03:56:00,400 --> 03:56:03,200
Sometimes refusing to see the 
governor at all, cloaking 

4510
03:56:03,200 --> 03:56:06,800
himself in dignified, silence 
his Entourage remained fiercely 

4511
03:56:06,800 --> 03:56:08,400
loyal sharing in these 
indignities. 

4512
03:56:09,300 --> 03:56:13,600
In 1818, less cases was deported
by Lucy Liu for allegedly, 

4513
03:56:13,600 --> 03:56:15,200
trying to smuggle letters to 
Europe. 

4514
03:56:15,900 --> 03:56:19,400
Napoleon was outraged but he 
continued his dictation with 

4515
03:56:19,400 --> 03:56:22,200
others over time. 
Reports of his declining Health 

4516
03:56:22,200 --> 03:56:24,100
reached Europe and softened some
hearts. 

4517
03:56:24,100 --> 03:56:27,600
Even royalists in France, became
less harsh and a simmering 

4518
03:56:27,600 --> 03:56:31,900
bonapartist, sentiment emerged 
in 1821 as Napoleon's condition,

4519
03:56:31,900 --> 03:56:35,100
worsened constant abdominal 
pain, nausea and physical 

4520
03:56:35,100 --> 03:56:38,200
weakening. 
He took to bed in April, he sent

4521
03:56:38,200 --> 03:56:41,600
the end was near and made a will
famously asking to be buried on 

4522
03:56:41,608 --> 03:56:44,900
the banks of the sane, among the
French people who I have loved 

4523
03:56:44,900 --> 03:56:48,600
so much. 
On May the 5th 1821 during a 

4524
03:56:48,600 --> 03:56:52,400
ferocious storm, Napoleon died. 
His last words murmured in 

4525
03:56:52,400 --> 03:56:55,600
Delirium were recorded by those 
at his bedside as France, 

4526
03:56:55,600 --> 03:57:00,700
jewelry Army. 
Tech dummy, Josephine. 

4527
03:57:02,600 --> 03:57:04,400
France. 
The army. 

4528
03:57:05,500 --> 03:57:07,700
Head of the army. 
Josephine. 

4529
03:57:09,400 --> 03:57:12,500
Even at the final moment, his 
mind clung to what he cherished,

4530
03:57:12,500 --> 03:57:16,500
his country, his soldiers, his 
glory and perhaps a fleeting 

4531
03:57:16,500 --> 03:57:20,200
thought of the first wife, he 
had loved Napoleon was buried on

4532
03:57:20,200 --> 03:57:23,000
Saint Helena in a shaded Valley,
in a modest. 

4533
03:57:23,000 --> 03:57:26,400
Grave marked only by a simple, 
Tombstone, the British wary of 

4534
03:57:26,400 --> 03:57:29,900
any symbol left it nameless. 
But death, only magnified the 

4535
03:57:29,900 --> 03:57:33,200
legend within years, Memoirs, 
like the memorial of Saint 

4536
03:57:33,200 --> 03:57:36,700
Helena spread across Europe, 
painting Napoleon as a romantic 

4537
03:57:36,700 --> 03:57:40,400
hero, and Martyr of sorts the 
great, man and done by fate and 

4538
03:57:40,400 --> 03:57:44,000
the malice of lesser men. 
The term Napoleon complex would 

4539
03:57:44,000 --> 03:57:47,500
come to describe, not cycle, hit
issues, but the complexity of 

4540
03:57:47,500 --> 03:57:51,200
his historical image Tyrant or 
enlightened ruler military 

4541
03:57:51,200 --> 03:57:55,600
genius, or Reckless conqueror. 
In 1840, as political Tides 

4542
03:57:55,600 --> 03:57:58,800
changed in France, King Louis 
Philippe obtained permission to 

4543
03:57:58,800 --> 03:58:02,300
bring Napoleon's remains home in
a grande State ceremony. 

4544
03:58:02,300 --> 03:58:06,100
Napoleon's body was exhumed 
found remarkably well preserved,

4545
03:58:06,100 --> 03:58:10,200
and transported to Paris lined 
by hundreds of thousands of 

4546
03:58:10,200 --> 03:58:12,800
Silent on Lucas. 
His coffin passed under the 

4547
03:58:12,800 --> 03:58:16,100
Arctic Tree on that Monument. 
He commissioned at the height of

4548
03:58:16,100 --> 03:58:19,300
his power and he was finally 
laid to rest with full honors in

4549
03:58:19,300 --> 03:58:21,500
a red. 
Poor Fury sarcophagus at Liza 

4550
03:58:21,500 --> 03:58:24,100
lead, France. 
Thus symbolically reconciled 

4551
03:58:24,100 --> 03:58:34,200
with her, Prodigal Son. 
Benjamin Franklin's, life began,

4552
03:58:34,200 --> 03:58:37,000
not in luxury, but in the 
bustling precincts of colonial 

4553
03:58:37,000 --> 03:58:41,400
Boston A port city shaped by 
rigorous piety and Hardy trade. 

4554
03:58:41,400 --> 03:58:46,800
He was born on January 1706, the
15th child in a family that 

4555
03:58:46,800 --> 03:58:49,300
struggled with limited means his
father. 

4556
03:58:49,300 --> 03:58:52,800
Josiah Italo Chandler a 
demonstrated from England hoping

4557
03:58:52,800 --> 03:58:56,200
to build a modest livelihood, 
young Benjamin's earliest 

4558
03:58:56,200 --> 03:58:59,300
memories, likely featured the 
pungent smell of rendered fat in

4559
03:58:59,300 --> 03:59:01,900
candle making Vats and attention
of a crowded household. 

4560
03:59:01,900 --> 03:59:05,100
But beneath those humble 
beginnings stirred, a Restless 

4561
03:59:05,100 --> 03:59:06,700
mind that refused to be 
confined. 

4562
03:59:06,700 --> 03:59:10,700
In many standard biographies. 
Franklyn pops up as an 

4563
03:59:10,700 --> 03:59:13,200
unflappable genius who saw it 
easily from a cramped 

4564
03:59:13,200 --> 03:59:14,900
apprenticeship to transatlantic 
Fame. 

4565
03:59:14,900 --> 03:59:18,900
Yet the real story is a tangle 
of near failures calculated 

4566
03:59:18,900 --> 03:59:21,600
risk-taking and heated disputes 
with family. 

4567
03:59:22,500 --> 03:59:25,800
That aged 12 Benjamin began an 
apprenticeship under his older 

4568
03:59:25,800 --> 03:59:27,900
brother. 
James, a printer whose temper 

4569
03:59:27,900 --> 03:59:31,100
matched his drive for high 
profile pamphlets, initially 

4570
03:59:31,100 --> 03:59:34,500
enthusiastic Benjamin soon 
chafed at James's authoritarian 

4571
03:59:34,500 --> 03:59:37,000
Style. 
Printing presses, demanded 

4572
03:59:37,000 --> 03:59:40,400
skilled hands and an eye for 
detail but also a willingness to

4573
03:59:40,400 --> 03:59:43,800
handle punishing hours. 
Moreover, James often undercut 

4574
03:59:43,800 --> 03:59:46,000
Benjamins ideas about editorial 
Direction. 

4575
03:59:46,800 --> 03:59:50,000
Tension built behind shop doors 
until Benjamin clandestinely 

4576
03:59:50,000 --> 03:59:52,500
penned letters to the local 
newspaper under the pseudonym 

4577
03:59:52,500 --> 03:59:58,000
silence dogood. those witty 
essays garnered attention all 

4578
03:59:58,000 --> 04:00:01,600
while James remained ignorant of
the true author, that Escapade 

4579
04:00:01,600 --> 04:00:05,000
half mischief and half 
aspiration sparked Franklin's 

4580
04:00:05,000 --> 04:00:07,100
lifelong Devotion to shaping 
public opinion. 

4581
04:00:08,000 --> 04:00:10,900
The Columns criticized Colonial 
authorities and championed free 

4582
04:00:10,900 --> 04:00:13,700
expression. 
Forging a path that later would 

4583
04:00:13,700 --> 04:00:17,300
turn him into a master 
communicator. however, James's 

4584
04:00:17,300 --> 04:00:20,400
discovery of Benjamin's secret 
authorship precipitated ugly, 

4585
04:00:20,400 --> 04:00:25,100
corals In 1723 weary of 
conflicts and the constraints of

4586
04:00:25,108 --> 04:00:28,700
apprenticeship Benjamin, fled 
Boston for Philadelphia that 

4587
04:00:28,700 --> 04:00:30,900
covert departure on a leaky 
Sloop. 

4588
04:00:30,900 --> 04:00:34,300
The signal, the first of his 
many reinventions Philadelphia 

4589
04:00:34,300 --> 04:00:36,700
at the time, offered a more 
Cosmopolitan atmosphere than 

4590
04:00:36,700 --> 04:00:41,000
Boston Quaker, Merchants German 
artists and bustling Wars gave 

4591
04:00:41,000 --> 04:00:43,500
the city a distinctly commercial
but tolerant flavor. 

4592
04:00:44,400 --> 04:00:45,900
Franklyn trudge through its 
streets. 

4593
04:00:45,900 --> 04:00:50,200
Jobless a nearly broke searching
for any printer who might hire 

4594
04:00:50,200 --> 04:00:53,000
him. 
A few local contacts pointed him

4595
04:00:53,000 --> 04:00:55,100
to Samuel. 
Kymer, who ran a small 

4596
04:00:55,100 --> 04:00:58,800
disorganized print shop, 
recognizing Benjamin's Talent, 

4597
04:00:58,800 --> 04:01:00,800
kymer. 
Agreed to take him on for 

4598
04:01:00,800 --> 04:01:02,400
Franklin. 
It was a step towards 

4599
04:01:02,400 --> 04:01:05,100
self-sufficiency. 
He found lodging in a humble 

4600
04:01:05,100 --> 04:01:08,800
room, subsisted on bread rolls, 
and saved every spare coin for 

4601
04:01:08,800 --> 04:01:11,200
books. 
Those books, typically, borrowed

4602
04:01:11,200 --> 04:01:14,800
or second-hand opened vistas of 
scientific philosophical, and 

4603
04:01:14,800 --> 04:01:17,300
political thought. 
Well, other young men in 

4604
04:01:17,300 --> 04:01:20,400
colonial, America might idle at 
taverns after work Franklin 

4605
04:01:20,400 --> 04:01:23,900
poured over essays on natural 
philosophy, taught himself, 

4606
04:01:23,900 --> 04:01:26,900
rudimentary, French and Italian.
Believing that knowledge of 

4607
04:01:26,908 --> 04:01:29,600
languages could catapult him to 
a broader understanding of the 

4608
04:01:29,600 --> 04:01:31,900
world. 
Eager to refine his social 

4609
04:01:31,900 --> 04:01:34,300
skills. 
He adopted a system of 

4610
04:01:34,300 --> 04:01:36,000
self-improvement based on 
virtues. 

4611
04:01:36,000 --> 04:01:40,600
He listed in a little notebook. 
This daily practice strikingly, 

4612
04:01:40,600 --> 04:01:43,800
systematic for the era. 
Kept him alert to personal 

4613
04:01:43,800 --> 04:01:46,300
discipline though. 
Not always successful in 

4614
04:01:46,300 --> 04:01:50,200
defeating Temptations. 
Still franklyn was an ambitious 

4615
04:01:50,200 --> 04:01:53,700
Tradesman at this juncture, not 
the seasons statement or 

4616
04:01:53,700 --> 04:01:57,300
scientists we envisioned today. 
But he planted the seeds of a 

4617
04:01:57,300 --> 04:02:00,700
strong passion for reading a 
fixation on bettering oneself 

4618
04:02:00,700 --> 04:02:03,100
and a Readiness to go against 
the grain. 

4619
04:02:04,000 --> 04:02:07,800
He joined local clubs, most 
notably the hunter a form of 

4620
04:02:07,808 --> 04:02:11,100
curious individuals, who debated
Civic improvements and swap 

4621
04:02:11,100 --> 04:02:13,800
knowledge Franklin thrived in 
that environment. 

4622
04:02:13,800 --> 04:02:17,900
Forging friendships with Rising 
Merchants teachers and Artisans 

4623
04:02:17,900 --> 04:02:20,900
the Hunter's premise that every 
day citizens could shape 

4624
04:02:20,900 --> 04:02:23,100
Community policies. 
Resonated deeply with him. 

4625
04:02:23,100 --> 04:02:26,300
He began drafting proposals for 
better Street lighting 

4626
04:02:26,300 --> 04:02:30,100
suggesting the establishment of 
a lending library and even 

4627
04:02:30,100 --> 04:02:33,400
championing Volunteer Fire 
brigades, the small-scale 

4628
04:02:33,400 --> 04:02:35,900
Innovations signaled, the 
mindset that would later produce

4629
04:02:35,900 --> 04:02:40,200
loftier Feats, thus by his 
mid-20s frankly was already a to

4630
04:02:40,200 --> 04:02:42,800
watch in Philadelphia. 
A young prince with an 

4631
04:02:42,800 --> 04:02:45,500
entrepreneurial Street, a 
pamphleteer unafraid of 

4632
04:02:45,508 --> 04:02:49,100
challenging norms and a network 
skilled at finding like-minded 

4633
04:02:49,100 --> 04:02:52,400
Souls together. 
However, Financial Security was 

4634
04:02:52,400 --> 04:02:56,400
still a Lucifer His personal 
life was complicated and his 

4635
04:02:56,400 --> 04:02:59,500
religious skepticism set him 
apart in an era of strict 

4636
04:02:59,500 --> 04:03:02,000
Orthodoxy. 
The next years would see him 

4637
04:03:02,000 --> 04:03:05,000
expand these early experiments 
slowly weaving. 

4638
04:03:05,000 --> 04:03:07,500
The Persona that would one day 
grace, the global stage. 

4639
04:03:08,600 --> 04:03:11,900
Early in the 17th century. 
Franklyn's Printing, Shop game 

4640
04:03:11,900 --> 04:03:14,500
stability, due to its growing 
reputation for punctual 

4641
04:03:14,500 --> 04:03:17,600
deliveries and Shop content. 
His production range from 

4642
04:03:17,600 --> 04:03:20,100
political leaflets to visiting 
cards yet. 

4643
04:03:20,100 --> 04:03:24,600
Almanacs proved to be his most 
profitable venture 1732 he 

4644
04:03:24,600 --> 04:03:28,300
introduced. 
Poor Richard's Almanac, a cheeky

4645
04:03:28,300 --> 04:03:31,800
insightful publication under the
pseudonym of Richard Saunders. 

4646
04:03:31,800 --> 04:03:35,500
Unlike stayed almanacs that 
listed only lunar cycles and 

4647
04:03:35,500 --> 04:03:37,800
harvest tips. 
Franklin's version featured, 

4648
04:03:37,800 --> 04:03:41,200
witty maxims, satirical 
commentary and personal Jabs 

4649
04:03:41,200 --> 04:03:43,800
that made each addition and 
eagerly awaited Staple in 

4650
04:03:43,808 --> 04:03:47,500
households across the colonies. 
Yet while poor Richard minted, 

4651
04:03:47,500 --> 04:03:50,200
his reputation Franklin's 
day-to-day life was more 

4652
04:03:50,200 --> 04:03:52,300
complex. 
He navigated a personal 

4653
04:03:52,300 --> 04:03:54,900
relationship with Deborah Reid, 
who would once been a neighbor's

4654
04:03:54,908 --> 04:03:57,500
daughter? 
Their common law marriage, not 

4655
04:03:57,500 --> 04:04:00,700
formally solemnized for various 
reasons, gave franklyn 

4656
04:04:00,700 --> 04:04:03,100
assemblance of domestic 
stability though, the 

4657
04:04:03,100 --> 04:04:06,100
arrangement lacked, the official
Aura of conventional unions, 

4658
04:04:06,100 --> 04:04:09,400
they raise children together, 
but the demands of his printing,

4659
04:04:09,400 --> 04:04:11,200
press and swirl of Civic 
projects. 

4660
04:04:11,200 --> 04:04:13,800
Often kept him away from 
extended familial devotion. 

4661
04:04:14,700 --> 04:04:18,100
Franklins thirst for civic, 
Improvement seemed boundless in 

4662
04:04:18,100 --> 04:04:22,200
1731, he formed the library 
company of Philadelphia, an idea

4663
04:04:22,200 --> 04:04:25,000
born from the hunters 
discussions, subscribing 

4664
04:04:25,000 --> 04:04:27,400
members, pulled funds to buy 
books establishing. 

4665
04:04:27,400 --> 04:04:30,500
One of America's first lending 
library's this approach, 

4666
04:04:30,500 --> 04:04:34,500
crystallized Franklin's method 
Harness Collective contributions

4667
04:04:34,500 --> 04:04:37,100
to uplift public life. 
Where other saw Financial 

4668
04:04:37,100 --> 04:04:39,300
hurdles? 
Franklyn, leveraged group 

4669
04:04:39,300 --> 04:04:42,100
effort. 
The concept proved so successful

4670
04:04:42,100 --> 04:04:46,000
that it sparked similar Ventures
elsewhere bolstering literacy in

4671
04:04:46,000 --> 04:04:49,800
an era where many colonists had 
limited access to texts as a 

4672
04:04:49,800 --> 04:04:51,600
publisher. 
He also became a de facto 

4673
04:04:51,600 --> 04:04:53,300
influencer in shaping public 
sentiment. 

4674
04:04:53,900 --> 04:04:55,400
He printed currency for 
Pennsylvania. 

4675
04:04:56,300 --> 04:04:58,200
Bolstering trust in local 
finances. 

4676
04:04:58,200 --> 04:05:02,000
He took up the cause of paper 
money arguing, that a stable 

4677
04:05:02,000 --> 04:05:04,100
local currency could invigorate 
commas. 

4678
04:05:04,800 --> 04:05:08,000
Through editorials under assumed
names he debated with political 

4679
04:05:08,000 --> 04:05:10,300
Rivals. 
Championing a pragmatic Outlook,

4680
04:05:10,300 --> 04:05:13,800
if a policy boosted trade and 
enriched Community Resources. 

4681
04:05:13,800 --> 04:05:17,500
It merited consideration. 
Irrespective of dogmatic 

4682
04:05:17,500 --> 04:05:19,900
leanings. 
This flexibility would later 

4683
04:05:19,900 --> 04:05:22,300
mark his diplomatic engagements 
yet. 

4684
04:05:22,300 --> 04:05:24,500
It sometimes. 
Riled partisans. 

4685
04:05:25,600 --> 04:05:28,600
Beyond the printing realm. 
Franklyn dabbled in volunteer 

4686
04:05:28,600 --> 04:05:31,200
projects like establishing 
Philadelphia's Union Fire 

4687
04:05:31,200 --> 04:05:36,000
Company in 1736 fire disaster. 
Had played the city wiping out 

4688
04:05:36,000 --> 04:05:39,400
blocks of wooden structures 
Franklin's Brigade staffed by 

4689
04:05:39,400 --> 04:05:42,400
volunteers offered assemblance 
of organized response. 

4690
04:05:42,400 --> 04:05:46,000
Where previously chaos reigned 
this Forward Thinking approach, 

4691
04:05:46,000 --> 04:05:49,200
spread, birthing additional fire
companies that cooperated 

4692
04:05:49,200 --> 04:05:52,200
instead of competing Ever the 
organizer. 

4693
04:05:52,900 --> 04:05:55,900
Franklin helped shape guidelines
for equipment sharing and mutual

4694
04:05:55,900 --> 04:05:58,300
Aid. 
Forging a model admired in other

4695
04:05:58,300 --> 04:06:00,900
colonies. 
Yet success is a loan, didn't 

4696
04:06:00,908 --> 04:06:04,100
insulate him from adversity, the
colonial landscape could be 

4697
04:06:04,108 --> 04:06:06,700
unforgiving to those who 
ventured unpopular opinions. 

4698
04:06:06,700 --> 04:06:10,600
Franklin, sometimes rankled 
conservative church leaders by 

4699
04:06:10,600 --> 04:06:13,600
printing texts that veered to 
secular or criticized certain 

4700
04:06:13,600 --> 04:06:16,000
dogmas. 
He also faced tension with other

4701
04:06:16,000 --> 04:06:19,200
printers who resented his rapid 
Ascension, and willingness to 

4702
04:06:19,200 --> 04:06:21,900
mock Rivals. 
Still his knack for bridging 

4703
04:06:21,900 --> 04:06:23,300
differences. 
Often prevailed. 

4704
04:06:24,000 --> 04:06:27,600
When Rumours of a severe 
smallpox outbreak loomed used 

4705
04:06:27,600 --> 04:06:30,200
his press to advocate for 
inoculation though. 

4706
04:06:30,200 --> 04:06:33,000
He personally endured heartbreak
when one of his sons died of the

4707
04:06:33,000 --> 04:06:35,900
disease. 
The tragedy, deepened Franklin's

4708
04:06:35,900 --> 04:06:38,300
resolved to promote evidence 
based Solutions over 

4709
04:06:38,300 --> 04:06:42,200
Superstition or fear. 
Simultaneously franklyn 

4710
04:06:42,200 --> 04:06:45,600
scientific curiosity blossomed. 
He embarked on rudimentary 

4711
04:06:45,600 --> 04:06:47,300
experiments. 
Observing local weather 

4712
04:06:47,300 --> 04:06:50,100
patterns. 
Speculating that storms and 

4713
04:06:50,100 --> 04:06:52,800
winds might follow distinct 
reject trees across the 

4714
04:06:52,800 --> 04:06:54,700
colonies. 
A dinner Gathering. 

4715
04:06:54,700 --> 04:06:58,800
He speculated about electricity 
and obscure phenomenon. 

4716
04:06:58,800 --> 04:07:01,800
Rarely studied in depth outside 
Europe's learned societies. 

4717
04:07:01,800 --> 04:07:04,300
While his main energy is still 
in publishing. 

4718
04:07:04,300 --> 04:07:07,700
And Civic activism that spark of
Interest hinted at Future 

4719
04:07:07,700 --> 04:07:10,400
breakthroughs. 
He collected, glass tubes and 

4720
04:07:10,408 --> 04:07:12,100
rods from ships. 
Arriving from England. 

4721
04:07:12,900 --> 04:07:15,500
Quietly testing ways to generate
static charges. 

4722
04:07:15,500 --> 04:07:18,400
It was Uncharted Territory in 
the North American context. 

4723
04:07:19,400 --> 04:07:22,700
Through these Endeavors 
Franklin, cultivated an image as

4724
04:07:22,700 --> 04:07:26,800
a problem, solver and afraid of 
multiple hats, publisher, social

4725
04:07:26,800 --> 04:07:30,600
entrepreneur, Proto scientist, 
his approach remained anchored 

4726
04:07:30,600 --> 04:07:33,200
in practicality. 
He believed knowledge mattered, 

4727
04:07:33,200 --> 04:07:35,800
chiefly when applied to real 
life challenges, whether 

4728
04:07:35,800 --> 04:07:38,600
refining printing techniques or 
organizing communities to fight 

4729
04:07:38,600 --> 04:07:41,000
fires. 
Meanwhile, Poor Richard's 

4730
04:07:41,000 --> 04:07:45,300
Almanac soared in popularity, 
its aphorisms turning into every

4731
04:07:45,300 --> 04:07:47,700
day. 
Proverbs phrases, like early to 

4732
04:07:47,700 --> 04:07:51,000
bed and early to rise, makes a 
man healthy wealthy and wise 

4733
04:07:51,000 --> 04:07:54,200
laced, casual speech shaping the
moral of the day. 

4734
04:07:54,200 --> 04:07:58,600
Many readers have no idea that 
franklyn behind the comedic mask

4735
04:07:58,600 --> 04:08:01,600
of Richard Saunders. 
Orchestrated each aphorism with 

4736
04:08:01,600 --> 04:08:03,600
a shrewd sense of what the 
public would embrace. 

4737
04:08:04,500 --> 04:08:07,900
By the mid-seventies. 
He was no longer just a scrappy 

4738
04:08:07,900 --> 04:08:11,100
printer he was emerging as a 
Civic figure recognized for 

4739
04:08:11,100 --> 04:08:12,800
Bridging the Divide of a 
fractious. 

4740
04:08:12,800 --> 04:08:17,500
Colonial society is illusions of
grandeur was subdued though. 

4741
04:08:17,500 --> 04:08:20,400
He remained humble enough to 
realize that the bigger the 

4742
04:08:20,400 --> 04:08:22,600
stage, the steeper, the 
criticisms. 

4743
04:08:22,600 --> 04:08:26,300
Nevertheless the path ahead 
Beckham to new Realms, both 

4744
04:08:26,300 --> 04:08:29,100
scientific and political that 
would redefine his standing in 

4745
04:08:29,100 --> 04:08:33,500
the colonies and Beyond. 
As the 1740s unfolded, Franklin 

4746
04:08:33,500 --> 04:08:36,600
expanded, his repertoire 
Adventures, moving beyond the 

4747
04:08:36,600 --> 04:08:38,800
realm of printing, presses, and 
local libraries. 

4748
04:08:39,500 --> 04:08:41,300
He began a foray into public 
office. 

4749
04:08:42,200 --> 04:08:45,700
First as caca, the Pennsylvania 
assembly then as a Justice of 

4750
04:08:45,700 --> 04:08:48,800
the Peace though, these roles 
brought little direct power. 

4751
04:08:48,800 --> 04:08:51,500
They introduced him to the 
mechanics of governance and 

4752
04:08:51,500 --> 04:08:55,500
legislative procedures Franklin 
quickly grasped that influence 

4753
04:08:55,500 --> 04:08:59,200
often arose not from formal 
titles but from credibility and 

4754
04:08:59,200 --> 04:09:01,600
discourse. 
Where the drafting petitions or 

4755
04:09:01,600 --> 04:09:03,200
speaking? 
Softly behind the scenes. 

4756
04:09:03,200 --> 04:09:06,700
He proved a depth at galvanizing
votes around pragmatic 

4757
04:09:06,700 --> 04:09:09,300
Solutions, his philanthropic 
instincts. 

4758
04:09:09,300 --> 04:09:12,100
Also guided him to found what he
called an academy. 

4759
04:09:13,700 --> 04:09:17,600
Conceived in the mid 1740s. 
This initiative eventually 

4760
04:09:17,600 --> 04:09:21,100
evolved into the University of 
Pennsylvania, dissatisfied with 

4761
04:09:21,100 --> 04:09:24,600
narrow classical curricula 
franklynn for an institution 

4762
04:09:24,600 --> 04:09:27,400
that melted theoretical 
knowledge with practical Arts. 

4763
04:09:27,400 --> 04:09:32,000
He envisioned horses in modern 
languages Commerce and applied 

4764
04:09:32,000 --> 04:09:35,200
science is strikingly 
Progressive when many were still

4765
04:09:35,200 --> 04:09:37,400
clung to Latin and Greek. 
As the backbone of learning, 

4766
04:09:38,200 --> 04:09:40,800
Gathering donations from 
merchants and Mild support from 

4767
04:09:40,800 --> 04:09:44,200
local leaders. 
He opened the academy in 1751 

4768
04:09:44,200 --> 04:09:48,100
students arrive from various 
Colonial towns forging, a new 

4769
04:09:48,108 --> 04:09:51,100
generation steeped in the sins 
of classical ideals and real 

4770
04:09:51,100 --> 04:09:54,600
world problem solving. 
Meanwhile, Franklin's 

4771
04:09:54,600 --> 04:09:58,200
fascination with electricity, 
escalated news, reached him of a

4772
04:09:58,200 --> 04:10:01,200
European experiments generating 
Sparks from friction machines. 

4773
04:10:01,200 --> 04:10:05,200
Intrigued he improvised his 
apparatus, he discovered that 

4774
04:10:05,200 --> 04:10:08,800
after rubbing a glass tube bits 
of cork or paper jumped toward 

4775
04:10:08,800 --> 04:10:13,700
it, revealing hidden charges he 
took copious notes meticulously 

4776
04:10:13,700 --> 04:10:17,800
describing how certain materials
attracted or repelled Over time,

4777
04:10:17,800 --> 04:10:19,900
he concluded the electricity 
involved. 

4778
04:10:19,900 --> 04:10:22,800
A single fluid that could move 
from one object to another 

4779
04:10:22,800 --> 04:10:24,800
revolutionary concept for the 
era. 

4780
04:10:24,800 --> 04:10:29,000
He even coined terms like 
battery, positive and negative 

4781
04:10:29,000 --> 04:10:33,500
charges these insights published
in pamphlets reached, the Royal 

4782
04:10:33,500 --> 04:10:36,900
Society in London, catapulting 
frankly in to the realm of 

4783
04:10:36,908 --> 04:10:40,100
serious science. 
His legendary kite experiment, 

4784
04:10:40,100 --> 04:10:43,800
while dramatized in modern 
retellings, indeed occurred 

4785
04:10:43,800 --> 04:10:48,200
around 1752 concerned that 
Europe's official experimenters 

4786
04:10:48,200 --> 04:10:50,700
might beat him to prove that 
lightning was Electric. 

4787
04:10:51,400 --> 04:10:54,400
Franklin prepared, a kite made 
from silk and a conductive metal

4788
04:10:54,400 --> 04:10:57,300
wire planning to fly at during a
thunderstorm. 

4789
04:10:58,100 --> 04:11:02,400
Observers often, imagine 
dramatic flashes, but frankly 

4790
04:11:02,400 --> 04:11:05,700
took precautions. 
He stood under shelter holding 

4791
04:11:05,700 --> 04:11:08,200
the kite string, only through a 
key, attached near the bottom. 

4792
04:11:09,100 --> 04:11:13,000
The moment the kite soared into 
stormy, clouds, the strands of 

4793
04:11:13,008 --> 04:11:16,300
the string group, Risley 
signaling that electric charge 

4794
04:11:16,300 --> 04:11:19,600
was traveling downward. 
Small spark from the key to his 

4795
04:11:19,600 --> 04:11:21,200
knuckle affirmed. 
His hypothesis. 

4796
04:11:21,200 --> 04:11:23,600
This demonstration led him to 
propose. 

4797
04:11:23,600 --> 04:11:27,600
The lightning rod, an iron Rod 
placed atop buildings to direct 

4798
04:11:27,600 --> 04:11:30,900
Lightning's destructive force 
safely into the ground His 

4799
04:11:30,900 --> 04:11:32,700
success in explaining 
Lightning's nature. 

4800
04:11:32,700 --> 04:11:37,000
Elevated, his reputation 
overseas Soon, letters from 

4801
04:11:37,000 --> 04:11:41,000
eminent European savants poured 
in praising the ingenious Mr. 

4802
04:11:41,000 --> 04:11:46,100
Frankton of Philadelphia. 
Yet at home is daily. 

4803
04:11:46,100 --> 04:11:49,900
Responsibilities continued 
unabated, running a busy print 

4804
04:11:49,900 --> 04:11:53,500
shop, publishing a newspaper, an
encouraging, local improvements.

4805
04:11:54,500 --> 04:11:57,100
Scarcely, had time to Revel in 
his scientific achievements. 

4806
04:11:57,100 --> 04:11:59,600
Indeed. 
Franklyn, expressed. 

4807
04:11:59,600 --> 04:12:01,800
Surprise that his experiments 
won him so much. 

4808
04:12:01,800 --> 04:12:04,400
Acclaim abroad. 
While many neighbors remained 

4809
04:12:04,400 --> 04:12:07,500
unimpressed, or simply confused 
by his Lightning game. 

4810
04:12:08,700 --> 04:12:12,600
As if science and commerce were 
enough, franking the involved in

4811
04:12:12,600 --> 04:12:15,500
Frontier politics. 
Tensions flared between 

4812
04:12:15,500 --> 04:12:18,000
Pennsylvania's Quaker. 
Dominated assembly in the pain 

4813
04:12:18,000 --> 04:12:20,000
for Molly Proprietors of the 
colony. 

4814
04:12:20,600 --> 04:12:23,700
Franklin believed in Fair, 
taxation, including taxes on the

4815
04:12:23,708 --> 04:12:26,800
Proprietors vast. 
Estates a view that had put him 

4816
04:12:26,800 --> 04:12:30,500
at odds with the privileged few,
additionally British French 

4817
04:12:30,500 --> 04:12:33,600
competition in North America was
heating up, culminating in the 

4818
04:12:33,600 --> 04:12:36,600
French and Indian War. 
Franklyn convinced that defense 

4819
04:12:36,600 --> 04:12:40,700
required Unity among colonies 
proposed his famous Join or Die 

4820
04:12:40,700 --> 04:12:43,700
cartoon. 
A segmented, snake representing 

4821
04:12:43,700 --> 04:12:46,200
the separate colonies, though. 
It spurred. 

4822
04:12:46,200 --> 04:12:50,600
Dialogue into Colonial, Unity 
remained elusive This interplay 

4823
04:12:50,600 --> 04:12:54,200
of local squabbles and looming 
War tested franklyn's, political

4824
04:12:54,200 --> 04:12:57,200
adaptability amid. 
These swirling commitments, 

4825
04:12:57,200 --> 04:12:59,500
Franklins, personal Circle 
change. 

4826
04:13:00,400 --> 04:13:01,900
His partnership with Deborah 
Reid. 

4827
04:13:01,900 --> 04:13:05,100
Persisted though, they'd never 
married in a conventional sermon

4828
04:13:05,100 --> 04:13:07,700
in the children, including 
William. 

4829
04:13:07,700 --> 04:13:10,200
Franklyn, who would later become
a royal governor? 

4830
04:13:10,200 --> 04:13:12,800
A Twist that would strain their 
bond as the revolution 

4831
04:13:12,800 --> 04:13:15,400
approached. 
Franklyn for all his rational 

4832
04:13:15,400 --> 04:13:20,000
thinking faced heartbreak and 
family tension in joyed comedic 

4833
04:13:20,000 --> 04:13:23,700
relief hosting Gatherings where 
Brandy lace conversation, turned

4834
04:13:23,700 --> 04:13:27,100
to improbable ideas like 
controlling storms or forging 

4835
04:13:27,100 --> 04:13:29,300
alliances with Iroquois 
confederacies. 

4836
04:13:30,100 --> 04:13:32,300
Those evening's captured the 
spirit of a man at once. 

4837
04:13:32,300 --> 04:13:35,200
Playful of profoundly serious, 
about shaping a better Society 

4838
04:13:35,200 --> 04:13:38,700
by 1755, Franklin's name 
carried. 

4839
04:13:38,700 --> 04:13:42,800
Weight across multiple spheres 
inventor publisher, Civic 

4840
04:13:42,800 --> 04:13:45,200
organizer and budding political 
presence. 

4841
04:13:46,500 --> 04:13:49,300
The complexities of colonial 
life demanded more from him, 

4842
04:13:49,300 --> 04:13:52,700
especially as War clouds loomed 
on the horizon. 

4843
04:13:52,700 --> 04:13:56,800
You read these Omens, suspecting
that events in Europe would soon

4844
04:13:56,800 --> 04:13:58,800
Ripple through the colonies and 
forceful ways. 

4845
04:13:58,800 --> 04:14:02,800
His intellectual curiosity. 
Sharpened by successes in 

4846
04:14:02,800 --> 04:14:06,500
science prepared him to tackle 
these challenges yet even 

4847
04:14:06,500 --> 04:14:09,400
Franklin, couldn't foresee how 
drastically the next decade 

4848
04:14:09,400 --> 04:14:13,000
would his path. 
The mid 1750s are in the French 

4849
04:14:13,000 --> 04:14:15,800
and Indian War pitting. 
British colonists, and their 

4850
04:14:15,800 --> 04:14:17,500
native allies against French 
forces. 

4851
04:14:17,500 --> 04:14:21,200
For control of North American 
Frontiers suddenly Franklins 

4852
04:14:21,200 --> 04:14:23,500
calls for coordinated. 
Defense took on urgency, 

4853
04:14:23,500 --> 04:14:27,400
Pennsylvania, traditional 
pacifist under Quaker, influence

4854
04:14:27,400 --> 04:14:31,600
hesitated to fund a militia. 
Frankly intervened by rallying 

4855
04:14:31,600 --> 04:14:34,600
the public to support the 
fortification of the colonies 

4856
04:14:34,600 --> 04:14:37,700
Western borders, even Trek to 
the Lehigh Valley. 

4857
04:14:38,400 --> 04:14:40,700
Supervising, the construction of
simple, stockades, and 

4858
04:14:40,700 --> 04:14:43,000
negotiating Provisions with 
Frontier settlers. 

4859
04:14:43,800 --> 04:14:45,700
This experience deep into his 
conviction. 

4860
04:14:45,700 --> 04:14:48,800
That decentralized Colonial 
governance invited Peril in 

4861
04:14:48,800 --> 04:14:52,200
times of crisis. 
During this tumult, the 

4862
04:14:52,200 --> 04:14:54,900
Pennsylvania, assembly 
dispatched Franklin to London as

4863
04:14:54,900 --> 04:14:58,200
a colonial agent hoping he could
Lobby, British officials for 

4864
04:14:58,200 --> 04:15:02,700
favorable policies. 
Arriving in 1757, he was struck 

4865
04:15:02,700 --> 04:15:06,900
by London's vastness, teaming, 
Commerce, or Nate architecture, 

4866
04:15:06,900 --> 04:15:11,900
and a lively intellectual scene.
No mere tourist Franklin got 

4867
04:15:11,900 --> 04:15:15,000
into the city's Coffee, House 
culture mingling with writers 

4868
04:15:15,000 --> 04:15:17,300
scientists and members of 
parliament. 

4869
04:15:18,000 --> 04:15:20,600
He soon realized that British 
politicians often held the 

4870
04:15:20,600 --> 04:15:24,000
colonies in low regard, seeing 
them as sources of revenue or 

4871
04:15:24,000 --> 04:15:26,100
strategic buffers rather than 
partners. 

4872
04:15:26,900 --> 04:15:30,300
Nevertheless Franklin's wit and 
scientific reputation eased his 

4873
04:15:30,300 --> 04:15:33,700
entry into Elite circles. 
He garnered invitations, to 

4874
04:15:33,700 --> 04:15:36,600
electron electricity 
demonstration in hand. 

4875
04:15:36,600 --> 04:15:40,000
Wowing Aristocrats, who marveled
at the American electrician? 

4876
04:15:40,000 --> 04:15:44,000
Some found his plane, Quaker, 
like dress refreshing in a world

4877
04:15:44,008 --> 04:15:48,200
of powdered wigs and ruffled 
cuffs shrewdly Franklin, 

4878
04:15:48,200 --> 04:15:51,400
leveraged the social encounters 
to address Colonial conserves 

4879
04:15:52,000 --> 04:15:54,600
Lobby for fairer, trade 
regulations, and tried to 

4880
04:15:54,600 --> 04:15:57,100
persuade the Penn family to 
shoulder their share of taxes 

4881
04:15:57,100 --> 04:15:59,800
and Pennsylvania. 
Though the mission advanced in 

4882
04:15:59,800 --> 04:16:03,000
small increments, Franklin, 
chafed at the slow pace of 

4883
04:16:03,000 --> 04:16:06,700
British bureaucracy over time he
witnessed the seeds of 

4884
04:16:06,700 --> 04:16:09,100
paternalistic attitudes. 
That would later spark, 

4885
04:16:09,100 --> 04:16:12,600
full-blown Colonial resentment, 
He wrote letters back to 

4886
04:16:12,600 --> 04:16:15,400
Philadelphia, warning. 
That British officials seemed 

4887
04:16:15,400 --> 04:16:17,200
oblivious to Colonial 
capacities. 

4888
04:16:17,200 --> 04:16:20,800
He also recognized that 
entrenched Aristocrats in 

4889
04:16:20,800 --> 04:16:24,100
Parliament viewed, Colonial 
assemblies as subservient in 

4890
04:16:24,100 --> 04:16:26,400
subtle ways. 
These experiences eroded 

4891
04:16:26,400 --> 04:16:30,000
Franklin's loyalty to the 
Empire's status quo, Franklin 

4892
04:16:30,000 --> 04:16:34,700
spent five years, in London, 
returning home in 1762 reunited 

4893
04:16:34,700 --> 04:16:37,500
with Deborah and his family. 
He found that Philadelphia had 

4894
04:16:37,500 --> 04:16:39,100
grown in population and 
ambition. 

4895
04:16:39,800 --> 04:16:43,700
Despite success in resolving 
some Pennsylvania disputes, new 

4896
04:16:43,700 --> 04:16:47,000
controversies loomed. 
The British government having 

4897
04:16:47,000 --> 04:16:51,000
incurred massive debts from the 
war considered imposing taxes on

4898
04:16:51,000 --> 04:16:54,300
the colonies to recoup costs. 
Frank Franklin saw the probable 

4899
04:16:54,300 --> 04:16:57,100
friction. 
That would result Before he 

4900
04:16:57,108 --> 04:16:59,900
could settle in. 
However the assembly again, 

4901
04:16:59,900 --> 04:17:02,700
tapped him for diplomatic tasks.
Sure enough. 

4902
04:17:02,700 --> 04:17:07,400
In 1764 with the Stamp Act on 
the horizon, Franklin was sent 

4903
04:17:07,400 --> 04:17:10,000
back to London to represent 
Pennsylvania's opposition to 

4904
04:17:10,000 --> 04:17:12,100
direct taxation without Colonial
input. 

4905
04:17:12,900 --> 04:17:15,600
Stamp Act crisis erupted in 
1765. 

4906
04:17:15,600 --> 04:17:19,900
Igniting unrest, across the 
colonies Critics on both sides 

4907
04:17:19,900 --> 04:17:23,100
hammered part, franklyn from his
vantage point in Britain, 

4908
04:17:23,100 --> 04:17:25,900
colonists suspected. 
He'd been complacent about the 

4909
04:17:25,908 --> 04:17:29,700
axe drafting londoners accused 
him of stirring rebellious 

4910
04:17:29,700 --> 04:17:32,200
sentiments. 
He testified before the House of

4911
04:17:32,200 --> 04:17:36,400
Commons, in 1766, offering a 
measured but firm explanation of

4912
04:17:36,408 --> 04:17:39,100
why the colonies believed. 
They should not be taxed by a 

4913
04:17:39,100 --> 04:17:41,400
parliament where they had no 
elected representatives. 

4914
04:17:41,400 --> 04:17:45,600
His argument phrased in calm, 
logical terms, suede, summer, 

4915
04:17:45,600 --> 04:17:49,200
pinyon contributing to the Stamp
Acts of ventral repeal. 

4916
04:17:49,200 --> 04:17:53,000
Yet tensions didn't subside, 
fully the declaratory act 

4917
04:17:53,000 --> 04:17:55,600
followed asserting Britain's 
right to legislate for the 

4918
04:17:55,608 --> 04:17:56,800
colonies in all cases, 
whatsoever. 

4919
04:17:58,200 --> 04:18:00,900
Franklin, lingard, in Britain, 
dividing his time between 

4920
04:18:00,900 --> 04:18:03,900
official negotiations and 
private scientific Pursuits. 

4921
04:18:03,900 --> 04:18:07,400
He joined the Royal Society. 
Forging friendships with 

4922
04:18:07,400 --> 04:18:09,100
luminaries like Joseph 
Priestley. 

4923
04:18:09,700 --> 04:18:13,000
They debated the nature of gases
the possibility of manned flight

4924
04:18:13,000 --> 04:18:17,900
and new Mechanical Devices 
Franklin's added freely in the 

4925
04:18:17,908 --> 04:18:21,100
circles producing incremental 
contributions to Fields like 

4926
04:18:21,100 --> 04:18:24,700
meteorology and oceanography. 
Map, The Gulfstream after 

4927
04:18:24,700 --> 04:18:27,000
hearing whaling, captains 
discussed warm, Atlantic 

4928
04:18:27,000 --> 04:18:30,100
currents, guiding ships to 
exploit faster routes across the

4929
04:18:30,100 --> 04:18:32,900
ocean. 
Yet personal heartbreak struck, 

4930
04:18:32,900 --> 04:18:37,600
Deborah passed away in 1774. 
Franklyn, who'd been abroad for 

4931
04:18:37,600 --> 04:18:40,900
years, felt deep regret at not 
seeing her in her final days. 

4932
04:18:40,900 --> 04:18:46,200
Meanwhile, political storms at 
home intensified, The Boston Tea

4933
04:18:46,200 --> 04:18:49,100
Party erupted, prompting harsh, 
British retaliation. 

4934
04:18:50,100 --> 04:18:53,600
Franklyn found himself once more
the target of criticism even 

4935
04:18:53,600 --> 04:18:56,600
singled out by the British privy
Council for public Century in 

4936
04:18:56,600 --> 04:19:01,000
1774 over leaked letters slanted
and humiliated and humiliating 

4937
04:19:01,000 --> 04:19:04,100
here in he sensed that 
reconciliation might be doomed 

4938
04:19:04,100 --> 04:19:07,900
in that humiliating moment, the 
cracks in his hope for a 

4939
04:19:07,900 --> 04:19:10,400
peaceful resolution to the 
Imperial crisis widened in to a 

4940
04:19:10,408 --> 04:19:16,100
chasm. when he finally sailed 
back to America in 1775 War, 

4941
04:19:16,100 --> 04:19:19,400
seemed likely Frankly had left 
the colonies as a patient 

4942
04:19:19,400 --> 04:19:22,900
mediator seeking compromise. 
He returned an embittered 

4943
04:19:22,900 --> 04:19:25,700
observer convinced that 
Britain's Ministry, would never 

4944
04:19:25,700 --> 04:19:29,100
treat the colonies fairly this 
pivot, would chart the next 

4945
04:19:29,100 --> 04:19:31,700
phase of his life. 
Transforming him from loyal, 

4946
04:19:31,700 --> 04:19:35,000
Colonial agent into a champion 
of Independence a role that 

4947
04:19:35,000 --> 04:19:37,800
ironically if you might have 
predicted a decade earlier, 

4948
04:19:38,600 --> 04:19:41,800
Franklyn landed in Philadelphia 
into May 1775. 

4949
04:19:41,800 --> 04:19:46,000
Greeted by an unfolding 
Revolution Lexington and Concord

4950
04:19:46,000 --> 04:19:49,700
add battles had already erupted.
Mobilizing militias across the 

4951
04:19:49,700 --> 04:19:52,200
colonies the Second Continental 
Congress. 

4952
04:19:52,200 --> 04:19:55,000
Convened. 
Grappling with whether to seek 

4953
04:19:55,000 --> 04:19:59,200
reconciliation or assert 
Independence, Franklin's arrival

4954
04:19:59,200 --> 04:20:00,900
injected, a seasoned 
perspective. 

4955
04:20:00,900 --> 04:20:03,700
He'd been at the heart of 
negotiations with Britain and 

4956
04:20:03,708 --> 04:20:05,300
felt the monarchies and 
transgen. 

4957
04:20:05,300 --> 04:20:08,500
For first hand, he saw little 
choice but to prepare for armed 

4958
04:20:08,500 --> 04:20:11,800
conflict, Nonetheless. 
He did not rush to declare 

4959
04:20:11,800 --> 04:20:15,000
separation. 
Like many delegates Franklin 

4960
04:20:15,000 --> 04:20:17,100
believed that a unified approach
was imperative. 

4961
04:20:17,800 --> 04:20:20,800
The Congress formed the 
Continental Army, naming George 

4962
04:20:20,800 --> 04:20:23,800
Washington, as Commander in 
Chief, meanwhile Franklin. 

4963
04:20:23,800 --> 04:20:26,800
Chaired committees on Postal 
Service leading and hand him 

4964
04:20:26,800 --> 04:20:28,600
becoming America's first 
Postmaster General. 

4965
04:20:28,600 --> 04:20:32,700
And on forging alliances with 
Native groups, his pragmatic 

4966
04:20:32,700 --> 04:20:34,500
style. 
Listening intently forging 

4967
04:20:34,500 --> 04:20:36,700
consensus helped nudge the 
Congress forward. 

4968
04:20:36,700 --> 04:20:40,100
He also made time to communicate
with friends in Britain, who 

4969
04:20:40,100 --> 04:20:43,100
supported Colonial rights 
regretting, the delay in 

4970
04:20:43,100 --> 04:20:47,300
reaching a consensus Crucially, 
franklyn joined a committee 

4971
04:20:47,300 --> 04:20:50,000
tasked with drafting a 
declaration of independence in 

4972
04:20:50,000 --> 04:20:54,600
mid 1776 that small group 
included, Thomas Jefferson John 

4973
04:20:54,600 --> 04:20:55,800
Adams. 
Roger Sherman. 

4974
04:20:55,800 --> 04:20:59,600
And Robert Livingston Jefferson 
known for his eloquent pain, 

4975
04:20:59,600 --> 04:21:03,600
took the primary writing role. 
Yet franklyn's edits shape the 

4976
04:21:03,600 --> 04:21:06,400
final text. 
He proposed changes to some of 

4977
04:21:06,408 --> 04:21:08,000
Jefferson's more fluoride 
passages. 

4978
04:21:08,000 --> 04:21:11,600
Seeking crisp directness. 
When the Declaration was 

4979
04:21:11,600 --> 04:21:16,000
ratified on July 4th 1776 
Franklins signature joined 

4980
04:21:16,000 --> 04:21:19,300
others at the bottom marking him
as one of the founding signers 

4981
04:21:19,300 --> 04:21:23,000
equipped afterward. 
We must all hang together or 

4982
04:21:23,000 --> 04:21:25,000
most assuredly. 
We shall all hang separately. 

4983
04:21:25,000 --> 04:21:27,400
Capturing the precarious Unity 
of the moment. 

4984
04:21:28,500 --> 04:21:30,500
The next challenge was 
international support. 

4985
04:21:30,500 --> 04:21:35,000
Diplomatic ties, specially with 
France, were critical for the 

4986
04:21:35,000 --> 04:21:38,700
rebel cause having spent ample 
time in Europe and possessing a 

4987
04:21:38,700 --> 04:21:42,200
flair for interpersonal charm. 
Franklin was the natural Envoy 

4988
04:21:42,200 --> 04:21:45,400
in late. 1776, he crossed the 
Atlantic again. 

4989
04:21:45,400 --> 04:21:47,700
Braving winter Seas to reach 
Paris. 

4990
04:21:47,700 --> 04:21:50,700
There we took up residence in 
passing near the city's 

4991
04:21:50,700 --> 04:21:54,800
outskirts, clad in her cap. 
Instead of a wig Franklin 

4992
04:21:54,800 --> 04:21:58,800
arresting cigarette, French 
salon's Aristocrats, found in 

4993
04:21:58,800 --> 04:22:02,100
both amusing and wise and rolled
by the notion of a plain spoken 

4994
04:22:02,100 --> 04:22:05,600
philosopher from the new world, 
Franklin's Mission transcended, 

4995
04:22:05,600 --> 04:22:09,400
mere socializing, he needed 
French backing money arms, 

4996
04:22:09,400 --> 04:22:11,300
possibly direct military 
intervention. 

4997
04:22:11,300 --> 04:22:14,700
Yet the French Court while 
sympathetic to humiliating 

4998
04:22:14,700 --> 04:22:18,200
Britain moved cautiously 
Franklyn leveraged, his 

4999
04:22:18,200 --> 04:22:20,900
scientific renowned, 
intellectual banter, and a 

5000
04:22:20,900 --> 04:22:23,600
subtle sense of theater. 
You Regale guests, with 

5001
04:22:23,600 --> 04:22:26,900
experiments on static 
electricity, offered Whitty 

5002
04:22:26,900 --> 04:22:30,500
afroism and praised French art 
over dinners. 

5003
04:22:30,500 --> 04:22:37,000
He described the Quest for 
Liberty. 

5004
04:22:37,900 --> 04:22:40,400
Painting it as a, global 
struggle, pitting Orchestra 

5005
04:22:40,400 --> 04:22:44,700
against enlightenment. 
Over time Franklin became a 

5006
04:22:44,708 --> 04:22:48,700
sensation in prison circles. 
Political alliances blossomed 

5007
04:22:48,700 --> 04:22:53,300
behind the scenes culminating in
the 1778 franco-american Treaty 

5008
04:22:53,300 --> 04:22:56,000
of Alliance. 
This partnership significant, 

5009
04:22:56,000 --> 04:22:58,900
the Triumph for the nascent 
United States, fundamentally 

5010
04:22:58,900 --> 04:23:02,300
altered the course of events. 
French naval and Military 

5011
04:23:02,300 --> 04:23:05,600
Support hammered British 
positions, Franklin continued to

5012
04:23:05,608 --> 04:23:09,100
refine the arrangement pressing 
for loans and supplies letters 

5013
04:23:09,100 --> 04:23:12,500
from American generals. 
Describing dire needs arrived 

5014
04:23:12,500 --> 04:23:15,000
weekly. 
Franklyn juggled these pleased 

5015
04:23:15,000 --> 04:23:18,000
with the intricacies of French 
Court politics, while some 

5016
04:23:18,000 --> 04:23:21,000
younger French officers, like 
Lafayette romanticized, the 

5017
04:23:21,000 --> 04:23:23,600
revolution, King, Louis, the 
16th weighed the risk of 

5018
04:23:23,600 --> 04:23:26,700
bankrupting his Treasury. 
Franklyn navigated these 

5019
04:23:26,700 --> 04:23:29,100
cross-currents with a plum 
offering gracious. 

5020
04:23:29,100 --> 04:23:32,300
Thanks for every concession 
while quietly pressing for more.

5021
04:23:33,400 --> 04:23:36,100
Amid these negotiations, 
franklyn also displayed his 

5022
04:23:36,100 --> 04:23:39,700
renowned sense of humor. 
One anecdote recounted dinner at

5023
04:23:39,700 --> 04:23:42,600
which a French Noble expressed 
doubt that a new Republic could 

5024
04:23:42,600 --> 04:23:45,700
succeed, franklyn. 
Allegedly responded with a 

5025
04:23:45,700 --> 04:23:48,500
Whimsical analogy about a rising
balloon that might wobble. 

5026
04:23:48,500 --> 04:23:52,300
But ultimately float leaving 
doubters behind, he understood 

5027
04:23:52,300 --> 04:23:54,900
that small symbolic gestures 
combined. 

5028
04:23:54,900 --> 04:23:58,200
With rational argument often 
wielded outside influence in 

5029
04:23:58,208 --> 04:24:02,100
diplomatic circles, the Synergy 
of warmth intelligence and 

5030
04:24:02,100 --> 04:24:06,200
subtle persuasion proved 
invaluable By 1781 the 

5031
04:24:06,200 --> 04:24:08,600
franco-american alliance had 
turned the walls. 

5032
04:24:08,600 --> 04:24:12,800
Momentum Victory at Yorktown. 
Aided by French forces ended 

5033
04:24:12,800 --> 04:24:16,000
major hostilities yet? 
Formal piece, took time, 

5034
04:24:16,000 --> 04:24:19,200
Franklin joined the American 
Peace Commission with John Adams

5035
04:24:19,200 --> 04:24:22,500
and John Jay forging, the 1783 
Treaty of Paris. 

5036
04:24:23,500 --> 04:24:26,600
The negotiations tested 
Franklin's patients as British 

5037
04:24:26,600 --> 04:24:30,500
officials jockeyed for favorable
terms, in the end, the treaty 

5038
04:24:30,500 --> 04:24:33,100
recognized us, independence, and
set boundaries, that shape. 

5039
04:24:33,100 --> 04:24:36,800
The young Nations prospects. 
Franklyn found satisfaction in 

5040
04:24:36,800 --> 04:24:39,800
receiving British diplomats at 
the same city where the monarchy

5041
04:24:39,800 --> 04:24:42,500
at once scorned him. 
Yet, he did not gloat. 

5042
04:24:42,500 --> 04:24:44,900
The end of War. 
Demanded reconciliation. 

5043
04:24:45,800 --> 04:24:48,200
He believed that forging stable 
commerce between Britain and 

5044
04:24:48,200 --> 04:24:51,300
America would benefit both. 
Having secured Independence, 

5045
04:24:51,300 --> 04:24:54,900
franklyn lingard in France as an
unofficial cultural Ambassador 

5046
04:24:54,900 --> 04:24:57,400
relishing. 
The city's intellectual ferment.

5047
04:24:58,200 --> 04:25:01,200
his final years in Europe were 
busy with Banquets scientific 

5048
04:25:01,200 --> 04:25:04,600
forums and visits from 
luminaries yet Philadelphia 

5049
04:25:04,600 --> 04:25:08,100
Beckham and He would soon return
home to a new set of challenges 

5050
04:25:08,100 --> 04:25:11,100
shaping, the Constitution and 
the future of a republic. 

5051
04:25:11,100 --> 04:25:16,100
He had helped birth In 1785 
Franklin At Last returned to the

5052
04:25:16,100 --> 04:25:19,600
United States docking and 
Philadelphia to warm receptions.

5053
04:25:19,600 --> 04:25:23,400
Local citizens, lionized him as 
the architect of a triumphant 

5054
04:25:23,400 --> 04:25:26,300
Alliance. 
The wise Elder Statesman, who 

5055
04:25:26,300 --> 04:25:28,200
Charmed Paris into aiding the 
revolution. 

5056
04:25:29,200 --> 04:25:33,200
Yet franklyn, then in his late 
70s, knew the war's end and 

5057
04:25:33,200 --> 04:25:36,200
settle how these United Colonies
would operate as a cohesive 

5058
04:25:36,200 --> 04:25:39,100
Nation. 
A shaky Confederation still 

5059
04:25:39,100 --> 04:25:42,400
governed lacking the power to 
regulate commerce or unify 

5060
04:25:42,400 --> 04:25:45,300
States. 
Disputes Royal over boundaries 

5061
04:25:45,300 --> 04:25:50,000
tariffs and War debts. 
Despite his age Franklin 

5062
04:25:50,000 --> 04:25:52,800
accepted election as president, 
governor of Pennsylvania. 

5063
04:25:53,900 --> 04:25:56,300
Stepping into a largely 
ceremonial, but symbolically 

5064
04:25:56,300 --> 04:25:59,300
important post. 
You wielded the role to Champion

5065
04:25:59,300 --> 04:26:03,400
policies for civic Improvement, 
roads, firefighting expansions 

5066
04:26:03,400 --> 04:26:06,900
and education. 
However, an even more pressing 

5067
04:26:06,900 --> 04:26:09,300
matter loomed. 
Forging a stronger Federal 

5068
04:26:09,300 --> 04:26:15,500
framework in 1785 1787 delegates
convened in Philadelphia for 

5069
04:26:15,500 --> 04:26:17,400
what became the Constitutional 
Convention. 

5070
04:26:18,700 --> 04:26:22,200
Franklin, physically, frail 
arrived each day in a sedan 

5071
04:26:22,200 --> 04:26:24,200
checked by prisoners from the 
local jail. 

5072
04:26:24,200 --> 04:26:27,900
They were assigned to him as a 
courtesy nevertheless his 

5073
04:26:27,900 --> 04:26:30,900
presence galvanized. 
Participants although James 

5074
04:26:30,900 --> 04:26:34,100
Madison and others led the 
drafting Franklin's influence 

5075
04:26:34,100 --> 04:26:37,800
often smoothed bitter disputes 
during the sweltering debates, 

5076
04:26:37,800 --> 04:26:41,700
tempers flared, small states. 
Feared dominance by large 

5077
04:26:41,700 --> 04:26:44,900
states, While others demanded 
checks on federal Authority, 

5078
04:26:44,900 --> 04:26:48,100
Franklin rarely took the floor 
for extended speeches. 

5079
04:26:48,100 --> 04:26:51,500
His hearing was poor and he 
tired easily when he did speak, 

5080
04:26:51,500 --> 04:26:56,100
use Rye anecdotes to defuse 
tension urged compromise. 

5081
04:26:56,100 --> 04:26:59,200
Cautioning, that no perfect 
Constitution could be formed by 

5082
04:26:59,200 --> 04:27:02,200
flawed. 
Humans won Fame instance, saw 

5083
04:27:02,200 --> 04:27:05,400
him proposed daily prayers. 
Not out of strict, religious 

5084
04:27:05,400 --> 04:27:08,100
City, but to remind delegates of
shared humility. 

5085
04:27:09,000 --> 04:27:12,900
His mediation plus behind the 
scenes, coaxing helped shape the

5086
04:27:12,900 --> 04:27:16,100
final product. 
A constitution granting enough 

5087
04:27:16,100 --> 04:27:18,900
central power to unify the 
state's without trampling local 

5088
04:27:18,900 --> 04:27:21,200
progressives at the 
convention's. 

5089
04:27:21,200 --> 04:27:24,000
Close, a bystand asked. 
Franklyn what form of government

5090
04:27:24,000 --> 04:27:27,600
had emerged? 
He famously replied a republic 

5091
04:27:27,600 --> 04:27:32,900
if you can keep it, That quips, 
summarized his Outlook, the new 

5092
04:27:32,900 --> 04:27:36,200
structure, demanded vigilance 
moral leadership, and an 

5093
04:27:36,200 --> 04:27:39,000
informed citizenry. 
A lesser known note from that 

5094
04:27:39,000 --> 04:27:41,000
day. 
Is that Franklin also commented 

5095
04:27:41,000 --> 04:27:45,000
on an emblem, carved into George
Washington's chair, a son 

5096
04:27:45,000 --> 04:27:48,000
perched on the horizon. 
Franklin said, he had long 

5097
04:27:48,000 --> 04:27:50,400
wondered whether that sun was 
rising or setting. 

5098
04:27:50,400 --> 04:27:55,300
Now he can concluded, it was a 
Rising Sun, a symbol of renewed 

5099
04:27:55,300 --> 04:27:57,500
hope. 
Once the Constitution was 

5100
04:27:57,500 --> 04:28:00,300
ratified Franklin's Health, 
deteriorated further. 

5101
04:28:00,300 --> 04:28:05,000
Gout played him confining him to
bed for stretches yet. 

5102
04:28:05,000 --> 04:28:08,600
He remained cognitively sharp 
continuing to correspond with 

5103
04:28:08,600 --> 04:28:12,300
Scientists abroad. 
Exploring everything from ocean 

5104
04:28:12,300 --> 04:28:14,100
currents, to Refrigeration 
theories. 

5105
04:28:14,700 --> 04:28:18,700
He also engaged in philanthropic
efforts donating funds to local 

5106
04:28:18,700 --> 04:28:21,900
charities and urging the city to
create better public sanitation 

5107
04:28:21,900 --> 04:28:24,000
slavery, weighed on his 
conscience. 

5108
04:28:25,000 --> 04:28:27,100
Having once owned a couple of 
household slaves in early 

5109
04:28:27,100 --> 04:28:29,800
decades, a practice. 
He eventually came to deploy 

5110
04:28:29,800 --> 04:28:33,000
franklyn in his final years 
served as president of the 

5111
04:28:33,000 --> 04:28:35,500
Pennsylvania Society for 
promoting the abolition of 

5112
04:28:35,500 --> 04:28:37,300
slavery. 
In petition. 

5113
04:28:37,300 --> 04:28:40,000
The first Congress, under the 
Constitution to Halt the trade. 

5114
04:28:40,000 --> 04:28:44,000
A bold stars that provoked Anger
from Southern Representatives, 

5115
04:28:44,000 --> 04:28:47,700
but frankly was Resolute 
believing that moral 

5116
04:28:47,700 --> 04:28:50,400
consistency, required. 
Confronting America's hypocrisy 

5117
04:28:50,400 --> 04:28:54,700
on Liberty, In 1789, the 
Constitution took effect. 

5118
04:28:55,300 --> 04:28:57,200
Franklin witnessed the 
inauguration of George 

5119
04:28:57,200 --> 04:28:59,200
Washington as the first 
president under the new 

5120
04:28:59,200 --> 04:29:01,500
government. 
Reaffirming that the experiment,

5121
04:29:01,500 --> 04:29:03,800
he helped launch would be led by
a figure. 

5122
04:29:03,800 --> 04:29:07,200
He respected. 
That same year, the elderly 

5123
04:29:07,200 --> 04:29:09,500
Statesman penned a famous letter
to a friend about life 

5124
04:29:09,500 --> 04:29:13,100
certainties. 
Concluding that in this world, 

5125
04:29:13,100 --> 04:29:17,400
nothing can be said to be 
certain except death and taxes. 

5126
04:29:18,300 --> 04:29:22,800
The phrase typically repeated in
jest captured Franklin's blend 

5127
04:29:22,800 --> 04:29:27,700
of realism and wit Like April, 
1790 Franklins, Health had 

5128
04:29:27,700 --> 04:29:30,400
reached a terminal stage on his 
deathbed. 

5129
04:29:30,400 --> 04:29:33,800
He asked visitors about the new 
Congress expressed hope that 

5130
04:29:33,800 --> 04:29:36,900
reason might have eventually 
enslave reach and in a final 

5131
04:29:36,900 --> 04:29:39,800
flourish of humor. 
Reportedly teased that living 

5132
04:29:39,800 --> 04:29:43,700
longer might upset immortalities
ground plan, he died on April, 

5133
04:29:43,700 --> 04:29:49,500
7th 1790 at age, 84 mourners 
flocked his funeral filming 

5134
04:29:49,500 --> 04:29:53,000
Philadelphia streets. 
Eulogies came from Paris where 

5135
04:29:53,000 --> 04:29:56,100
he was still adored. 
And from London acknowledging, 

5136
04:29:56,100 --> 04:29:59,000
the loss of a man who though 
pivotal in severing British rule

5137
04:29:59,000 --> 04:30:01,200
had also sought Peaceable 
relations. 

5138
04:30:02,000 --> 04:30:05,600
His will reflected a strategic 
mind, even in death besides 

5139
04:30:05,600 --> 04:30:08,800
bequests to family and 
Charities, Franklin left money, 

5140
04:30:08,800 --> 04:30:11,700
and Trust for Boston and 
Philadelphia to be invested over

5141
04:30:11,700 --> 04:30:15,000
centuries. 
The funds supported public works

5142
04:30:15,000 --> 04:30:17,200
such as scholarships and 
building improvements. 

5143
04:30:18,000 --> 04:30:20,300
That final philanthropic. 
Gesture mirrored. 

5144
04:30:20,300 --> 04:30:23,600
His life's ethos sow seeds. 
That future Generations might 

5145
04:30:23,600 --> 04:30:25,600
Harvest. 
He left behind a blueprint for 

5146
04:30:25,600 --> 04:30:29,000
how curiosity practical 
invention, Civic collaboration 

5147
04:30:29,000 --> 04:30:32,200
and diplomacy could fuse into a 
single expansive life. 

5148
04:30:32,900 --> 04:30:36,200
Benjamin Franklin's Legacy has 
often been condensed into tidy. 

5149
04:30:36,200 --> 04:30:39,600
Vignettes the perspective 
founder with a kite in a storm, 

5150
04:30:39,600 --> 04:30:44,000
the slide diplomata Versailles, 
the venerable signature of key 

5151
04:30:44,000 --> 04:30:46,700
documents. 
However, these brief betrayals 

5152
04:30:46,700 --> 04:30:49,900
run the risk of reducing the 
complexity of a man who embodied

5153
04:30:49,900 --> 04:30:52,300
contradiction and 
experimentation, in every aspect

5154
04:30:52,300 --> 04:30:54,800
of his life. 
In the century since his 

5155
04:30:54,800 --> 04:30:57,200
passing. 
Scholars and admirers of 

5156
04:30:57,200 --> 04:31:00,500
uncovered layers of nuance a 
contradictory figure balancing 

5157
04:31:00,500 --> 04:31:05,200
skepticism with moral ambition, 
vanity with genuine altruism and

5158
04:31:05,200 --> 04:31:06,900
personal failings with public 
Triumph. 

5159
04:31:07,700 --> 04:31:10,900
In some respects, franklyn was a
champion of the enlightenment's 

5160
04:31:10,900 --> 04:31:13,600
ideals. 
Believing that human progress. 

5161
04:31:13,600 --> 04:31:17,200
Hinged on reason science and 
ethical collaboration. 

5162
04:31:17,200 --> 04:31:20,800
The organized scientific 
societies, teased out, electric 

5163
04:31:20,800 --> 04:31:23,800
laws and improved everyday items
like stove's. 

5164
04:31:24,400 --> 04:31:27,300
Yet, he could also indulge 
himself promotion spinning 

5165
04:31:27,300 --> 04:31:29,700
anecdotes to burnish his folksy 
Persona. 

5166
04:31:29,700 --> 04:31:33,000
He was cunning in political 
maneuvering, employing 

5167
04:31:33,000 --> 04:31:34,900
pseudonyms to nudge public 
debates. 

5168
04:31:35,700 --> 04:31:38,600
Critics sometimes paint him as a
manipulator who rarely disclosed

5169
04:31:38,600 --> 04:31:41,800
raw emotions. 
Despite that Detachment, he 

5170
04:31:41,800 --> 04:31:45,100
rallied communities toward 
philanthropic causes Advanced 

5171
04:31:45,100 --> 04:31:48,100
Civic infrastructure and 
invented practical solutions 

5172
04:31:48,100 --> 04:31:52,300
that ease daily toil. 
The Synergy of personal drive, 

5173
04:31:52,300 --> 04:31:54,700
and social Vision remains a 
Hallmark of his story. 

5174
04:31:55,400 --> 04:31:58,600
Educational institutions across 
the United States and Beyond 

5175
04:31:58,600 --> 04:32:01,800
lionize Franklin, as a 
Renaissance figure and 

5176
04:32:01,800 --> 04:32:05,600
inspiration for self-starters 
the Franklin myth, however, 

5177
04:32:05,600 --> 04:32:09,900
glosses over the hardships, he 
faced familial a strange men 

5178
04:32:09,900 --> 04:32:14,400
heartbreak at losing children. 
The compromise Laden reality of 

5179
04:32:14,400 --> 04:32:17,800
forging alliance's. 
He also wrestled with ethical 

5180
04:32:17,800 --> 04:32:21,700
dilemmas notably regarding 
slavery early in life. 

5181
04:32:21,700 --> 04:32:24,800
He accepted it only in later 
years. 

5182
04:32:24,800 --> 04:32:26,500
Did he vocally oppose the 
institution? 

5183
04:32:27,400 --> 04:32:30,500
That Evolution typifies 
Franklin's Journey, he rarely 

5184
04:32:30,500 --> 04:32:33,500
arrived at moral stances 
instantly, but Advanced through 

5185
04:32:33,500 --> 04:32:36,400
observation dialogue and 
reflection. 

5186
04:32:37,900 --> 04:32:41,400
Moreover, Franklin's personal 
brand of diplomacy, a blend of 

5187
04:32:41,408 --> 04:32:45,300
charm, data-driven argument, and
comedic Flair laid down a 

5188
04:32:45,300 --> 04:32:48,300
blueprint for modern foreign 
relations in France. 

5189
04:32:48,300 --> 04:32:51,100
He recognized that wooing, 
allies transcended, formal 

5190
04:32:51,100 --> 04:32:55,000
treaties it, demanded cultural 
Rapport, he cultivated that 

5191
04:32:55,000 --> 04:32:58,200
Rapport through witty 
conversation, heartfelt flattery

5192
04:32:58,200 --> 04:33:00,500
and honest respect for French 
intellect. 

5193
04:33:01,200 --> 04:33:04,200
Diplomatic historians often, 
cite him as a Pioneer, who 

5194
04:33:04,200 --> 04:33:07,200
recognized that forging 
friendships in salons could be 

5195
04:33:07,200 --> 04:33:09,800
as potent as drafting paragraphs
in official documents. 

5196
04:33:09,800 --> 04:33:14,000
The result was a transformative 
Alliance, the arguably secured 

5197
04:33:14,000 --> 04:33:17,800
American independence. 
Another rarely highlighted facet

5198
04:33:17,800 --> 04:33:20,300
is Franklin's continuing 
influence on philanthropic 

5199
04:33:20,300 --> 04:33:23,200
models, his approach forming 
subscription, libraries 

5200
04:33:23,200 --> 04:33:27,500
Volunteer Fire brigades and 
Improvement societies prefigured

5201
04:33:27,500 --> 04:33:31,300
modern on profits, by tapping 
small, regular contributions. 

5202
04:33:31,300 --> 04:33:35,099
From many participants franklyn 
mobilized resources far beyond 

5203
04:33:35,099 --> 04:33:36,599
what a loan benefactor could 
Supply. 

5204
04:33:37,599 --> 04:33:41,200
He wrote extensively on how 
clubs structures could unify 

5205
04:33:41,200 --> 04:33:44,200
communities around. 
Shared needs these principles 

5206
04:33:44,200 --> 04:33:46,700
echo in contemporary 
crowdfunding and Civic volunteer

5207
04:33:46,700 --> 04:33:50,300
programs in science. 
Franklins, practice of thorough 

5208
04:33:50,300 --> 04:33:53,000
note taking Pierre 
correspondents and willingness 

5209
04:33:53,000 --> 04:33:56,200
to correct earlier assumptions. 
Exemplify the iterative nature 

5210
04:33:56,200 --> 04:33:59,099
of research. 
Championed open sharing of 

5211
04:33:59,099 --> 04:34:01,900
findings rather than hoarding 
them for profit. 

5212
04:34:01,900 --> 04:34:05,200
His letters, bristle with calls 
for transatlantic knowledge, 

5213
04:34:05,200 --> 04:34:08,900
exchange indeed his postmaster 
appointment Advanced, the speed 

5214
04:34:08,900 --> 04:34:12,200
of male facilitating. 
Scientific networks, in that 

5215
04:34:12,200 --> 04:34:15,500
sense, Franklin's acted as a 
conduit for bridging old world 

5216
04:34:15,500 --> 04:34:18,800
academies and New World 
experimenters accelerating the 

5217
04:34:18,800 --> 04:34:22,700
enlightenment's global momentum.
Today's visitors to Philadelphia

5218
04:34:22,700 --> 04:34:25,900
can trace Franklin's Footprints 
sites like independent hall. 

5219
04:34:25,900 --> 04:34:29,700
The Franklin Court Museum. 
Well, the Christ Church, burial 

5220
04:34:29,700 --> 04:34:34,099
ground They might see intangible
marks too, the ethos of Civic 

5221
04:34:34,099 --> 04:34:36,900
collaboration and 
entrepreneurial Zeal remains 

5222
04:34:36,900 --> 04:34:40,000
strong in the city's culture. 
Historians debate where the 

5223
04:34:40,000 --> 04:34:43,500
Franklin's Legacy looms. 
Too large overshadowing lesser 

5224
04:34:43,500 --> 04:34:46,200
known but equally vital 
contributors to early American 

5225
04:34:46,200 --> 04:34:49,000
Life. 
Yet few deny that his capacity 

5226
04:34:49,000 --> 04:34:52,500
to Pivot from printing to 
invention from local activism to

5227
04:34:52,500 --> 04:34:54,099
Grand. 
Diplomacy stands as an 

5228
04:34:54,099 --> 04:34:56,700
extraordinary demonstration of 
adaptive genius. 

5229
04:34:57,500 --> 04:34:59,900
Franklin's example, resonates 
with the possibility of 

5230
04:34:59,900 --> 04:35:03,900
reinvention at any stage, he 
pivoted, careers Champions, 

5231
04:35:03,900 --> 04:35:07,200
social improvements and tackled 
New Frontiers of science. 

5232
04:35:07,200 --> 04:35:11,099
Well, in to his senior years, 
his failures like the Fiasco at 

5233
04:35:11,099 --> 04:35:13,800
the British privy Council or 
personal regrets about absent, 

5234
04:35:13,800 --> 04:35:15,599
fatherhood did not hold his 
momentum. 

5235
04:35:16,500 --> 04:35:19,700
Instead they spurred reflection 
and course correction that 

5236
04:35:19,700 --> 04:35:21,900
Dynamic interplay of aspiration 
and humility. 

5237
04:35:21,900 --> 04:35:25,300
Undergirds is adult life, 
providing a refreshing contrast 

5238
04:35:25,300 --> 04:35:29,099
of JD or dogmatic leadership 
styles in summary. 

5239
04:35:29,099 --> 04:35:32,599
It is difficult to neatly. 
Categorize Benjamin Franklin's 

5240
04:35:32,599 --> 04:35:35,599
story, he was a printer who saw 
words as the foundation of 

5241
04:35:35,608 --> 04:35:38,300
public life. 
A scientist who harnessed the 

5242
04:35:38,300 --> 04:35:42,300
power of lightning a Statesman 
whose wit won the favor of a 

5243
04:35:42,300 --> 04:35:45,400
monarchy and a moral innovator, 
who in his later years, 

5244
04:35:45,400 --> 04:35:48,500
struggled to balance the ideals 
of the new Republic with its 

5245
04:35:48,500 --> 04:35:51,400
realities. 
His life in corpora sees his 

5246
04:35:51,400 --> 04:35:54,200
from encourages, us to keep 
exploring, keep experimenting 

5247
04:35:54,200 --> 04:35:58,400
and keep forging Alive's. by 
harnessing curiosity and 

5248
04:35:58,400 --> 04:36:01,599
civic-mindedness Franklin 
believed Society could inch 

5249
04:36:01,599 --> 04:36:05,599
closer to Enlightenment that 
belief still pulses in the tail 

5250
04:36:05,599 --> 04:36:08,200
of a pragmatic dreamer, whose 
Footprints crossed Ocean's 

5251
04:36:08,200 --> 04:36:11,500
Courtyards, the imagination of 
generations to come 

5252
04:36:21,599 --> 04:36:24,099
Eleanor Roosevelt's name of Oaks
images of a dignified. 

5253
04:36:24,099 --> 04:36:27,700
First lady championing human 
rights and redefining the role 

5254
04:36:27,700 --> 04:36:31,000
of women in politics. 
Yet her Story begins in an era 

5255
04:36:31,000 --> 04:36:33,400
marked by hush to assumptions 
about what women could and 

5256
04:36:33,400 --> 04:36:36,900
should do and her journey from 
shy orphan to Global influence. 

5257
04:36:36,900 --> 04:36:38,200
So was no predictable 
progression. 

5258
04:36:39,200 --> 04:36:43,000
Born Anna Eleanor Roosevelt on 
October 11th 1884. 

5259
04:36:43,000 --> 04:36:46,500
She entered a family steeped in 
Prestige but also riddled with 

5260
04:36:46,500 --> 04:36:49,500
private. 
Heartbreak her mother, Anna 

5261
04:36:49,500 --> 04:36:51,200
Hall. 
Roosevelt was renowned for 

5262
04:36:51,200 --> 04:36:54,500
beauty and social graces while 
her father Elliott, Roosevelt 

5263
04:36:54,500 --> 04:36:57,000
was the charismatic. 
But troubled younger brother, 

5264
04:36:57,000 --> 04:36:59,200
the future president, Theodore 
Roosevelt. 

5265
04:37:00,000 --> 04:37:03,599
Some narratives cast her parents
in Stark contrasts her mother's 

5266
04:37:03,599 --> 04:37:06,700
aloof manner. 
Her father's erratic Behavior, 

5267
04:37:06,700 --> 04:37:10,000
yet Eleanor recalled them. 
Both with a child's longing, 

5268
04:37:10,000 --> 04:37:13,900
craving acceptance. 
Her mother's criticisms of her 

5269
04:37:13,900 --> 04:37:16,500
looks haunted her. 
And her father struggles with 

5270
04:37:16,500 --> 04:37:20,800
alcohol often overshadowed his 
tender devotion, these paradoxes

5271
04:37:20,800 --> 04:37:23,500
shape Ellen as early as 
perceptions of self-worth. 

5272
04:37:24,099 --> 04:37:27,800
By age 10, she had lost both 
parents, her mother died of 

5273
04:37:27,800 --> 04:37:31,800
diphtheria and her father, long 
embroiled in personal turmoil 

5274
04:37:31,800 --> 04:37:34,500
passed away. 
Two years later left, with the 

5275
04:37:34,500 --> 04:37:37,500
protective presents. 
Eleanor moved in with relatives,

5276
04:37:37,500 --> 04:37:39,900
who maintained the typical 
decorum of New York, High 

5277
04:37:39,900 --> 04:37:42,099
Society. 
She was a timid Child 

5278
04:37:42,099 --> 04:37:44,800
overshadowed by cousins, who 
found her seriousness 

5279
04:37:44,800 --> 04:37:48,400
perplexing, she found some 
solace in reading stories of 

5280
04:37:48,400 --> 04:37:51,599
Daring, heroine's, and moral 
dilemmas her maternal, 

5281
04:37:51,599 --> 04:37:55,400
grandmother Mary Ludlow Hall 
insisted on conventional. 

5282
04:37:55,400 --> 04:37:58,599
Decorum, with the hope that 
Eleanor would Bloom into a 

5283
04:37:58,599 --> 04:38:02,700
proper debutant. instead the 
girl quietly internalized, a 

5284
04:38:02,700 --> 04:38:05,200
sense of Duty and 
self-consciousness, she learned 

5285
04:38:05,200 --> 04:38:08,599
how to host tease and navigate 
social niceties, but she also 

5286
04:38:08,599 --> 04:38:12,200
developed a Nina resolve The 
gulf between The Confident girls

5287
04:38:12,200 --> 04:38:15,200
around her and her insecurities 
never fully disappeared. 

5288
04:38:15,200 --> 04:38:20,200
But she forged a methodical 
approach to self-improvement At 

5289
04:38:20,200 --> 04:38:22,300
age, 15, she was shipped to 
Alan's would Academy. 

5290
04:38:22,300 --> 04:38:25,400
A boarding school outside London
there? 

5291
04:38:25,400 --> 04:38:29,000
Under the guidance of Marie 
souvestre and educator known for

5292
04:38:29,000 --> 04:38:32,400
fostering independent thought, 
Elinor found a nurturing 

5293
04:38:32,400 --> 04:38:35,000
environment for the first time 
since her parents deaths, 

5294
04:38:35,000 --> 04:38:38,400
Sylvester saw potential in her 
seriousness and urged her to 

5295
04:38:38,408 --> 04:38:41,200
speak her mind. 
Gone with the constraints of 

5296
04:38:41,200 --> 04:38:44,800
superficial Society. 
Gatherings, instead classes 

5297
04:38:44,800 --> 04:38:48,099
focused on world affairs, 
literature and critical thinking

5298
04:38:48,900 --> 04:38:52,200
Eleanor traveled across Europe 
absorbing cultural differences, 

5299
04:38:52,200 --> 04:38:55,000
forging friendships, and 
learning to question 

5300
04:38:55,000 --> 04:38:57,800
assumptions. 
The timid girl from New York 

5301
04:38:57,800 --> 04:39:01,599
high society was Awakening to 
the world's complexity returning

5302
04:39:01,599 --> 04:39:05,200
to the United States at age 18. 
She struggled to react to make 

5303
04:39:05,200 --> 04:39:10,099
to the rigid expectations of 
debutant life Gowns balls and 

5304
04:39:10,099 --> 04:39:12,599
polite, suitors. 
Filled her schedule yet. 

5305
04:39:12,599 --> 04:39:16,500
She yearned for deeper substance
family members urged her to 

5306
04:39:16,500 --> 04:39:20,900
embrace tradition, Barry. 
Well, produce heirs and carry on

5307
04:39:20,908 --> 04:39:24,200
the Rosevelt name with 
appropriate, decorum internally.

5308
04:39:24,200 --> 04:39:26,099
She felt her convictions 
hardening. 

5309
04:39:26,099 --> 04:39:28,599
There was a broader realm where 
she might be of use. 

5310
04:39:29,400 --> 04:39:32,500
She began volunteering and 
settlement houses, encountering 

5311
04:39:32,500 --> 04:39:34,700
immigrants grappling with 
poverty and discrimination. 

5312
04:39:35,800 --> 04:39:38,400
It was her first intimate brush 
with social injustice. 

5313
04:39:39,300 --> 04:39:41,800
Around this time, she 
reconnected with her distant 

5314
04:39:41,800 --> 04:39:43,400
cousin Franklin, Delano 
Roosevelt. 

5315
04:39:44,100 --> 04:39:47,600
A Dashing Young Man set on a 
political career, their shared 

5316
04:39:47,600 --> 04:39:50,700
family name and ties to Theodore
Roosevelt, added a certain 

5317
04:39:50,700 --> 04:39:52,300
inevitability to their 
courtship. 

5318
04:39:52,300 --> 04:39:54,600
Yet. 
Their bond was more complex than

5319
04:39:54,600 --> 04:39:57,400
a convenient match. 
Franklyn, admired her 

5320
04:39:57,400 --> 04:40:00,200
seriousness and warmth. 
She found in him a lively 

5321
04:40:00,200 --> 04:40:03,800
optimism that promised Adventure
despite concerns from his 

5322
04:40:03,800 --> 04:40:07,300
domineering mother. 
Sara Delano Roosevelt, they 

5323
04:40:07,300 --> 04:40:11,800
married in 1905, Theodore 
Roosevelt, then president gave 

5324
04:40:11,800 --> 04:40:14,300
away the bride. 
An event that overshadowed the 

5325
04:40:14,300 --> 04:40:15,900
couples day with national 
headlines. 

5326
04:40:15,900 --> 04:40:19,400
Early married life plunged 
Eleanor into the complexity of 

5327
04:40:19,400 --> 04:40:23,800
the extended Roseville Clan 
Dominated by Sara strict ideas 

5328
04:40:23,800 --> 04:40:25,300
about household and social 
status. 

5329
04:40:26,300 --> 04:40:30,500
She bought children, eventually 
six one in infancy, Eleanor 

5330
04:40:30,500 --> 04:40:31,700
struggled to maintain her 
identity. 

5331
04:40:32,600 --> 04:40:35,300
She discovered that her new role
often felt like a performance, 

5332
04:40:35,300 --> 04:40:39,700
the shy orphan recast as the 
society Hostess and dutiful 

5333
04:40:39,700 --> 04:40:42,500
political wife. 
Yet beneath the formalities. 

5334
04:40:42,500 --> 04:40:46,900
She was observing learning and 
quietly resolving to find her 

5335
04:40:46,900 --> 04:40:49,400
voice. 
Her childhood taught her to 

5336
04:40:49,400 --> 04:40:52,000
survive loss. 
In isolation marriage would 

5337
04:40:52,000 --> 04:40:54,600
teach her to navigate Duty and 
compromised. 

5338
04:40:54,600 --> 04:40:58,900
By her mid-twenties Eleanor 
Roosevelt stood at a Crossroads 

5339
04:40:58,900 --> 04:41:01,900
respectable wife in a prominent 
family yet. 

5340
04:41:01,900 --> 04:41:05,000
Privately aware of how little 
she truly belonged to herself. 

5341
04:41:05,800 --> 04:41:08,300
She endured tragedy and 
internalized criticism. 

5342
04:41:08,300 --> 04:41:11,400
And now balanced motherhood with
a sense that she was meant for 

5343
04:41:11,400 --> 04:41:14,100
more as her. 
Husband's political Ambitions 

5344
04:41:14,100 --> 04:41:17,600
gathered momentum, she would 
face new tests of resilience and

5345
04:41:17,600 --> 04:41:21,300
discover just how profound her 
influence could become, In her 

5346
04:41:21,300 --> 04:41:24,800
first years of married life, 
Ellen, Rosevelt found her space 

5347
04:41:24,800 --> 04:41:27,800
and autonomy overshadowed by the
imposing figure of her mother in

5348
04:41:27,800 --> 04:41:31,100
law. 
Sara Delano Roosevelt Sara 

5349
04:41:31,100 --> 04:41:33,200
manage. 
The household Finance is an even

5350
04:41:33,200 --> 04:41:34,700
designed to joining living 
quarters. 

5351
04:41:34,700 --> 04:41:37,300
So she could oversee Ellen's 
management of the children. 

5352
04:41:38,300 --> 04:41:41,700
This Arrangement stifled Ellen's
Independents, Leaving her 

5353
04:41:41,700 --> 04:41:45,400
feeling perpetually monitored 
frankly seemed comfortable with 

5354
04:41:45,400 --> 04:41:48,400
his mother's involvement and 
this statistic of acceptance. 

5355
04:41:48,400 --> 04:41:51,900
Further isolated Eleanor 
nevertheless, she made the best 

5356
04:41:51,900 --> 04:41:55,100
of her circumstances. 
She immersed herself in child. 

5357
04:41:55,100 --> 04:41:58,400
Rearing determined that her 
children would experience a 

5358
04:41:58,400 --> 04:41:59,700
warmth. 
She had too often lacked. 

5359
04:42:00,400 --> 04:42:03,600
Simultaneously, she sought 
outlets for her curiosity, about

5360
04:42:03,600 --> 04:42:06,300
social issues volunteering for 
the Junior League. 

5361
04:42:06,300 --> 04:42:09,700
She assisted in settlement work 
on Manhattan's Lower East Side. 

5362
04:42:09,700 --> 04:42:12,600
Coming face-to-face with poverty
and labor and justices. 

5363
04:42:12,600 --> 04:42:16,400
Observing the hardships of 
immigrant families, Eleanor 

5364
04:42:16,400 --> 04:42:19,200
recognized, the Stark gap 
between her privileged Circle, 

5365
04:42:19,200 --> 04:42:23,100
and those struggling at 
America's margins around 1910 

5366
04:42:23,100 --> 04:42:26,600
Franklin's political career 
began elected to the New York 

5367
04:42:26,600 --> 04:42:29,100
State Senate. 
He moved the family to Albany, 

5368
04:42:29,100 --> 04:42:32,900
though, still reluctant to step 
into the public Spotlight, Ellen

5369
04:42:32,900 --> 04:42:35,400
gleaned insights into 
legislative processes and 

5370
04:42:35,400 --> 04:42:38,500
networking. 
She watched as lawmakers engaged

5371
04:42:38,500 --> 04:42:41,200
in negotiations. 
Formed alliances and face 

5372
04:42:41,200 --> 04:42:44,000
seemingly insurmountable 
challenges that social 

5373
04:42:44,000 --> 04:42:45,900
Gatherings. 
She was the dutiful wife 

5374
04:42:45,900 --> 04:42:48,700
exchanging pleasantries, while 
quite quietly absorbing the 

5375
04:42:48,708 --> 04:42:51,600
undercurrents of power. 
Her Vantage Point revealed a 

5376
04:42:51,600 --> 04:42:53,900
system in dire need of 
empathetically leadership 

5377
04:42:53,900 --> 04:42:58,600
tragedy soon. 
Intervened in 1912 Elena's world

5378
04:42:58,608 --> 04:43:02,000
was rocked when her eldest 
daughter Anna nearly died of 

5379
04:43:02,000 --> 04:43:05,600
illness shortly thereafter. 
She endured her health scares 

5380
04:43:05,600 --> 04:43:08,500
and a complicated birth. 
The precariousness of life 

5381
04:43:08,500 --> 04:43:11,600
combined with the Relentless 
swirl of political obligations 

5382
04:43:11,600 --> 04:43:14,900
prayed her nerves. 
Sarah's hovering presents 

5383
04:43:14,900 --> 04:43:18,800
exacerbated tensions. 
Yet adversity stirred in Eleanor

5384
04:43:18,800 --> 04:43:22,000
a growing resolve. 
She ventured Beyond polite Tea 

5385
04:43:22,000 --> 04:43:25,100
Room, talk forging, links with 
Progressive women, seeking to 

5386
04:43:25,100 --> 04:43:27,100
address, glaring, social 
inequities. 

5387
04:43:27,100 --> 04:43:30,700
She admired activists who 
battled for child labor laws and

5388
04:43:30,700 --> 04:43:34,800
workplace, safety reforms by 
1913 Franklin was appointed 

5389
04:43:34,800 --> 04:43:37,500
assistant Secretary of the Navy 
by President Woodrow Wilson, 

5390
04:43:37,500 --> 04:43:40,800
prompting a move to Washington. 
D.C. 

5391
04:43:42,100 --> 04:43:44,900
The capitals Elite Social Scene,
revolved around formal 

5392
04:43:44,900 --> 04:43:48,600
receptions and ranking protocols
neither of which thrilled their 

5393
04:43:48,600 --> 04:43:50,900
owner. 
Still, she recognized the city 

5394
04:43:50,900 --> 04:43:52,800
as a crucible of national 
decision-making. 

5395
04:43:53,600 --> 04:43:56,200
She developed friendships with 
Progressive minded, officials 

5396
04:43:56,200 --> 04:44:00,600
and activists, exchanging ideas 
about wages education and 

5397
04:44:00,600 --> 04:44:05,000
women's suffrage. 
World War 1 broke out in 1914, 

5398
04:44:05,000 --> 04:44:09,600
drawing America, in by 1917, 
Washington became a high of 

5399
04:44:09,600 --> 04:44:14,100
wartime mobilization hospitals, 
overflowed and soldiers returned

5400
04:44:14,100 --> 04:44:17,300
with devastating injuries 
Eleanor volunteered at the Red 

5401
04:44:17,300 --> 04:44:19,200
Cross, canteens and Naval 
hospitals. 

5402
04:44:19,200 --> 04:44:22,600
An experience that brought her 
face to face with Wars human 

5403
04:44:22,600 --> 04:44:25,000
soul. 
She found it impossible to 

5404
04:44:25,000 --> 04:44:27,900
return to trivial chatter at 
lavish parties after seeing 

5405
04:44:27,900 --> 04:44:32,100
wounded veterans struggle to 
rebuild their lives, even as she

5406
04:44:32,108 --> 04:44:34,800
navigated demands for 
appearances by Franklin side, 

5407
04:44:34,800 --> 04:44:37,800
she yearned to channel her 
growing empathy into concrete 

5408
04:44:37,800 --> 04:44:40,800
action. 
Meanwhile, her personal life. 

5409
04:44:40,800 --> 04:44:45,000
Took a shocking, turn in 1918, 
she discovered Franklin's 

5410
04:44:45,000 --> 04:44:47,900
romantic letters to Lucy, 
Mercer, her social secretary, 

5411
04:44:47,900 --> 04:44:50,200
and betrayal, Rockdale and has 
foundations. 

5412
04:44:50,200 --> 04:44:53,200
She confronted her husband and 
while divorce was considered, 

5413
04:44:53,200 --> 04:44:56,200
Sara Rosevelt threatened to cut 
off financial support. 

5414
04:44:57,000 --> 04:45:00,700
The Scandal never fully reached 
the public here but it jolted 

5415
04:45:00,700 --> 04:45:03,800
Eleanor into rethinking her 
marriage, although she remained 

5416
04:45:03,800 --> 04:45:06,600
married, the emotional bond 
between them changed. 

5417
04:45:07,500 --> 04:45:09,700
It began cultivating, her 
identity separate from him, 

5418
04:45:09,700 --> 04:45:12,700
forging alliances and 
friendships that didn't revolves

5419
04:45:12,700 --> 04:45:14,400
solely around Franklins, 
ambitions. 

5420
04:45:15,300 --> 04:45:18,200
As the war ended, Washington 
shifted back to peace, time 

5421
04:45:18,200 --> 04:45:21,400
routines, the rows of belts 
returned to New York where 

5422
04:45:21,400 --> 04:45:23,200
franklyn resumed his political 
climb. 

5423
04:45:23,200 --> 04:45:27,700
However Ellen has worldview had 
expanded no longer content to 

5424
04:45:27,700 --> 04:45:30,100
linger in the background. 
She immersed herself in 

5425
04:45:30,100 --> 04:45:33,400
political clubs, particularly 
the League of Women Voters and 

5426
04:45:33,400 --> 04:45:35,100
the new women's Trade Union 
League. 

5427
04:45:35,800 --> 04:45:39,200
She devoured reports on social 
conditions labor rights and 

5428
04:45:39,200 --> 04:45:42,100
civil liberties. 
She overcame her shyness when 

5429
04:45:42,108 --> 04:45:44,900
speaking in public fueled by the
conviction that she had 

5430
04:45:44,900 --> 04:45:48,400
something to contribute. 
This Evolution coincided with 

5431
04:45:48,400 --> 04:45:51,900
the ratification of the 19th. 
Amendment in 1920, granting 

5432
04:45:51,900 --> 04:45:55,700
women, the right to vote. 
Energized by this Milestone, 

5433
04:45:55,700 --> 04:45:59,000
Eleanor campaigned for frankly 
when he ran as the Democratic 

5434
04:45:59,000 --> 04:46:01,800
vice presidential candidate. 
That same year, though, they 

5435
04:46:01,808 --> 04:46:04,700
lost the experience broadened. 
Her political Network. 

5436
04:46:05,600 --> 04:46:09,000
She saw how campaigns were 
orchestrated, how messages were 

5437
04:46:09,000 --> 04:46:13,100
spun and most importantly, how 
public opinion could be swayed 

5438
04:46:13,100 --> 04:46:16,500
toward Progressive ideals. 
If approached with authenticity,

5439
04:46:17,400 --> 04:46:20,700
By the early 1920s Eleanor 
Roosevelt had traversed, 

5440
04:46:20,700 --> 04:46:23,700
heartbreak War, volunteerism and
political initiation. 

5441
04:46:23,700 --> 04:46:28,000
She had begun forging her path 
shaped by the directing counters

5442
04:46:28,000 --> 04:46:31,300
with suffering and by her 
growing circle of reformed peers

5443
04:46:31,300 --> 04:46:35,700
her marriage once the access of 
her existence now became just 

5444
04:46:35,700 --> 04:46:40,300
one facet of a broader calling 
She discovered adversity often 

5445
04:46:40,300 --> 04:46:43,900
planted the seeds of purpose. 
The once quiet shy girl. 

5446
04:46:43,900 --> 04:46:47,900
Now, determined to stand on her 
own terms Guided by a conscience

5447
04:46:47,900 --> 04:46:50,400
that refused to stay silent was 
emerging. 

5448
04:46:51,200 --> 04:46:54,600
The 1920s brought both hardship 
and opportunity to Eleanor 

5449
04:46:54,600 --> 04:46:57,800
Roosevelt Franklin's political 
career stalled when he lost the 

5450
04:46:57,800 --> 04:47:01,500
vice presidential race in 1920 
but his future seemed boundless 

5451
04:47:01,500 --> 04:47:06,700
until polio struck him in 1921 
that summer during a vacation in

5452
04:47:06,700 --> 04:47:09,800
Campobello, he suddenly found 
himself paralyzed from the waist

5453
04:47:09,800 --> 04:47:12,100
down. 
Doctors offered little hope for 

5454
04:47:12,100 --> 04:47:15,500
complete recovery. 
The family, rallied yet the 

5455
04:47:15,500 --> 04:47:17,900
crisis triggered. 
Another shift in Ellen's life 

5456
04:47:17,900 --> 04:47:21,000
overnight. 
She transformed into Franklin's 

5457
04:47:21,000 --> 04:47:25,200
indispensable Ally, juggling 
therapy, regimens household 

5458
04:47:25,200 --> 04:47:29,100
Logistics, and public relations.
Many within the Roosevelt. 

5459
04:47:29,100 --> 04:47:31,400
Clan believed Franklins, 
political days were over. 

5460
04:47:32,200 --> 04:47:34,800
Sara Delano Roosevelt pressed 
him to retire quietly? 

5461
04:47:34,800 --> 04:47:37,600
That Ellen had discerned. 
That relinquishing, his 

5462
04:47:37,600 --> 04:47:39,100
Ambitions would crush his 
spirit. 

5463
04:47:40,000 --> 04:47:43,400
She supported his determination 
to regain Mobility, helping him 

5464
04:47:43,400 --> 04:47:46,900
navigate new routines. 
She also shouldered tasks 

5465
04:47:46,900 --> 04:47:50,100
frankly in previously, handled 
from corresponded to scheduling.

5466
04:47:50,900 --> 04:47:53,000
Suddenly, she was more than a 
supportive spouse. 

5467
04:47:53,000 --> 04:47:56,100
She was a gatekeeper, an 
intermediary, and an architect 

5468
04:47:56,100 --> 04:47:59,300
of her husband's comeback. 
Her own organizational skills. 

5469
04:47:59,300 --> 04:48:02,500
Flourished, she managed 
Franklins Affairs, and dedicated

5470
04:48:02,500 --> 04:48:04,800
time to committees that advanced
her interests. 

5471
04:48:04,800 --> 04:48:07,500
She joined the women's division 
of the New York state democratic

5472
04:48:07,500 --> 04:48:11,100
committee, recruiting Women, 
Voters and championing issues 

5473
04:48:11,100 --> 04:48:12,900
that aligned with social 
reforms. 

5474
04:48:13,500 --> 04:48:16,600
This dual Role Family, caretaker
and political operator, 

5475
04:48:16,600 --> 04:48:18,600
displayed an emerging 
confidence. 

5476
04:48:18,600 --> 04:48:22,800
She shared the last vestiges of 
social timidity speaking at 

5477
04:48:22,800 --> 04:48:24,900
rallies and forging alliances 
with Party leaders. 

5478
04:48:24,900 --> 04:48:28,300
While some ridiculed her for 
lacking classic oratory Flair 

5479
04:48:28,300 --> 04:48:32,200
others appreciated, her 
sincerity in 1924. 

5480
04:48:32,200 --> 04:48:35,400
Franklin, ventured back into 
politics by supporting Al Smith 

5481
04:48:35,400 --> 04:48:38,000
for the position. 
Of governor of New York behind 

5482
04:48:38,000 --> 04:48:41,700
the scenes Eleanor, arranged 
events wrote letters and 

5483
04:48:41,700 --> 04:48:44,600
networked on his behalf. 
She began to see how her 

5484
04:48:44,600 --> 04:48:47,300
initiatives merged with broader 
political Machinery. 

5485
04:48:47,300 --> 04:48:50,700
The women City Club and the 
League of Women Voters offered 

5486
04:48:50,700 --> 04:48:53,600
her platforms to discuss labor 
issues and child welfare. 

5487
04:48:54,300 --> 04:48:57,100
Her voice carried an 
authenticity rooted in hands on 

5488
04:48:57,100 --> 04:49:00,000
experience. 
And she found an audience eager 

5489
04:49:00,000 --> 04:49:03,000
for that perspective. 
Yet her personal Journey, wasn't

5490
04:49:03,000 --> 04:49:05,900
all smooth. 
Living under the same roof as 

5491
04:49:05,900 --> 04:49:08,100
Sarah. 
She faced constant friction 

5492
04:49:08,100 --> 04:49:09,700
about how to manage Franklin's 
care. 

5493
04:49:09,700 --> 04:49:13,300
Moreover Echoes of the Lucy 
Mercer Affair, lingard 

5494
04:49:13,300 --> 04:49:16,000
complicating, the emotional bond
with her husband. 

5495
04:49:16,000 --> 04:49:20,900
Their married though stable in 
outward appearance evolved into 

5496
04:49:20,900 --> 04:49:23,200
more of a partnership than a 
traditional Romance. 

5497
04:49:24,000 --> 04:49:26,400
Trusted friends, such as 
journalists Lorena. 

5498
04:49:26,400 --> 04:49:29,100
Hickok, entered her life, 
providing emotional support. 

5499
04:49:29,900 --> 04:49:32,700
Speculation about the nature of 
these friendships arose later. 

5500
04:49:32,700 --> 04:49:37,000
But at the time they served as 
lifelines anchoring Eleanor's 

5501
04:49:37,000 --> 04:49:40,300
sense of self-worth. 
As Franklin's Mobility, improved

5502
04:49:40,300 --> 04:49:43,700
incrementally, supported by 
crutches, braces, and daily 

5503
04:49:43,700 --> 04:49:45,800
exercises. 
His political, aspirations 

5504
04:49:45,800 --> 04:49:50,100
reignited, he ran for governor 
of New York in 1928 and won. 

5505
04:49:50,700 --> 04:49:53,800
Suddenly Eleanor had to navigate
her new role as the governor's 

5506
04:49:53,800 --> 04:49:56,300
wife. 
She disliked the ceremonials of 

5507
04:49:56,300 --> 04:49:59,700
the executive mansion in Albany 
but she saw an Avenue to shake 

5508
04:49:59,700 --> 04:50:02,600
policy from within. 
She was no longer content with 

5509
04:50:02,608 --> 04:50:06,300
simply greeting dignitaries at 
reception instead, she turned 

5510
04:50:06,300 --> 04:50:09,000
the governor's residence into a 
meeting point for activists and 

5511
04:50:09,000 --> 04:50:13,100
policy makers under her watch 
Progressive agendas on labor 

5512
04:50:13,100 --> 04:50:15,500
laws and social welfare found an
informal forum. 

5513
04:50:16,500 --> 04:50:19,500
Meanwhile, she continued 
building her own reputation, she

5514
04:50:19,500 --> 04:50:22,500
wrote articles, for women's 
magazines pushing readers to 

5515
04:50:22,500 --> 04:50:25,700
engage in Civic matters in one 
piece and she insisted that the 

5516
04:50:25,700 --> 04:50:28,400
success of democracy depended on
informed citizens. 

5517
04:50:29,100 --> 04:50:32,400
Specially newly enfranchised 
women, a writing style was 

5518
04:50:32,400 --> 04:50:35,900
direct and personal resonating 
with readers tired of lofty 

5519
04:50:35,900 --> 04:50:39,200
rhetoric critically. 
She believed that compassion and

5520
04:50:39,200 --> 04:50:42,700
practical Solutions, not empty, 
slogans made politics 

5521
04:50:42,700 --> 04:50:46,900
meaningful, By the close of the 
1920s, the Roosevelts have 

5522
04:50:46,900 --> 04:50:50,100
become a formidable team. 
Franklin's charismatic optimism,

5523
04:50:50,100 --> 04:50:53,700
Drew public admiration, while 
Ellen has growing expertise on 

5524
04:50:53,700 --> 04:50:56,900
social issues, injected 
substance into his political 

5525
04:50:56,900 --> 04:51:01,500
image, the 1929 stock market 
crash sent the nation reeling. 

5526
04:51:01,500 --> 04:51:04,800
Intensifying scrutiny of 
Leader's efforts to alleviate 

5527
04:51:04,800 --> 04:51:07,600
economic despair as Governor 
Franklin. 

5528
04:51:07,600 --> 04:51:09,900
Grappled with the relief, 
measures for the unemployed 

5529
04:51:09,900 --> 04:51:12,900
Eleanor. 
For her part traveled, the state

5530
04:51:12,900 --> 04:51:16,000
for visiting factories, 
tenements and Rural communities 

5531
04:51:16,000 --> 04:51:19,800
to assess problems firsthand. 
Her dispatchers back to Albany 

5532
04:51:19,800 --> 04:51:23,000
shaped policy debates ensuring 
that the voices of ordinary 

5533
04:51:23,000 --> 04:51:25,700
citizens, didn't get lost in the
shuffle of bureaucracy. 

5534
04:51:26,500 --> 04:51:29,200
It was during this period that 
illness solidified her belief in

5535
04:51:29,200 --> 04:51:31,300
the potential of government to 
uplift the vulnerable. 

5536
04:51:32,500 --> 04:51:35,100
While critics accused her of 
meddling in Affairs, Beyond a 

5537
04:51:35,100 --> 04:51:37,600
spouse's domain, she brushed off
the barbs. 

5538
04:51:37,600 --> 04:51:42,000
If democracy was to thrive, she 
reasoned it needed more than 

5539
04:51:42,000 --> 04:51:45,200
figureheads it needed. 
Informed Advocates willing to 

5540
04:51:45,200 --> 04:51:47,400
engage directly with citizens 
struggles. 

5541
04:51:48,400 --> 04:51:51,900
As the 19th, 32 presidential 
election approached franklyn 

5542
04:51:51,900 --> 04:51:53,600
emerged as the Democratic 
front-runner. 

5543
04:51:54,500 --> 04:51:57,500
With the Great Depression. 
Tightening its grip Americans 

5544
04:51:57,500 --> 04:52:00,000
craved leadership that promised 
hope and decisive action. 

5545
04:52:00,700 --> 04:52:02,900
Eleanor stealed the stealed 
herself for the next stage 

5546
04:52:02,900 --> 04:52:06,100
little did she know the White 
House would offer an even 

5547
04:52:06,108 --> 04:52:09,600
broader platform yet also test 
her capacity to balance public 

5548
04:52:09,600 --> 04:52:11,400
influence with private 
conviction. 

5549
04:52:12,100 --> 04:52:15,300
When Franklin D Roosevelt won, 
the 1932 presidential election, 

5550
04:52:15,300 --> 04:52:19,400
America was in the throws of the
Great Depression lines for bread

5551
04:52:19,400 --> 04:52:22,900
and soup stretched across city. 
Blocks Farms were foreclosed and

5552
04:52:22,900 --> 04:52:26,200
unemployment soared. 
Millions looked to the incoming 

5553
04:52:26,200 --> 04:52:29,500
president for salvation. 
Amid the frenzied national 

5554
04:52:29,500 --> 04:52:32,700
attention, Eleanor Roosevelt, 
stepped into the role of first 

5555
04:52:32,700 --> 04:52:34,700
lady with an approach that 
defied convention. 

5556
04:52:35,600 --> 04:52:37,300
Rather than focusing on high 
society. 

5557
04:52:37,300 --> 04:52:40,300
Receptions, she resolved to 
become the eyes and ears of the 

5558
04:52:40,300 --> 04:52:43,400
administration. 
Traveling extensively to gauge 

5559
04:52:43,400 --> 04:52:45,700
people's realities from the 
onset. 

5560
04:52:45,700 --> 04:52:48,500
She carved out, an unprecedented
public profile. 

5561
04:52:49,200 --> 04:52:51,100
She held weekly press 
conferences, for female 

5562
04:52:51,100 --> 04:52:54,500
reporters ensuring that women in
journalism retained access to 

5563
04:52:54,500 --> 04:52:55,800
the political heart of the 
nation. 

5564
04:52:56,700 --> 04:53:00,200
This move sparked controversy 
know first lady had ever done 

5565
04:53:00,200 --> 04:53:03,000
something. 
So openly proactive critics 

5566
04:53:03,000 --> 04:53:06,800
labeled her a meddler but Ellen 
persisted explaining that 

5567
04:53:06,800 --> 04:53:09,300
women's voices deserved 
inclusion in National discourse.

5568
04:53:10,200 --> 04:53:12,600
She believed that an 
Administration ignoring half the

5569
04:53:12,600 --> 04:53:14,900
population's perspective was 
doomed to fail. 

5570
04:53:15,600 --> 04:53:19,000
She also launched a syndicated 
newspaper column my day. 

5571
04:53:19,900 --> 04:53:21,800
In it. 
She chronicled her observations 

5572
04:53:21,800 --> 04:53:25,800
on policy, social conditions, 
and even personal Reflections, 

5573
04:53:25,800 --> 04:53:28,900
while some columns, offer daily 
glimpses into her travels, or 

5574
04:53:28,900 --> 04:53:31,900
family life, others pushed 
readers to consider labor 

5575
04:53:31,900 --> 04:53:34,600
issues, civil rights, and youth 
programs. 

5576
04:53:35,500 --> 04:53:37,100
The column garnered a massive 
following. 

5577
04:53:37,800 --> 04:53:42,200
Americans found an advocate in 
the White House who spoke 

5578
04:53:42,200 --> 04:53:45,300
plainly about societal injustice
detractors. 

5579
04:53:45,300 --> 04:53:47,000
How old about an overstepping 
spouse? 

5580
04:53:47,900 --> 04:53:51,800
But she refused to see the 
platform, her pain, became a 

5581
04:53:51,800 --> 04:53:54,900
conduit for the unheard. 
Meanwhile, the Roseville to 

5582
04:53:54,900 --> 04:53:56,500
Administration rolled out the 
New Deal. 

5583
04:53:56,500 --> 04:54:00,100
An array of programs aimed at 
relief recovery and reform. 

5584
04:54:01,200 --> 04:54:03,700
While franklyn handled the 
sweeping political Maneuvers, 

5585
04:54:03,700 --> 04:54:07,200
Ellen of visited, factories 
slums, and Rural Backwater 

5586
04:54:07,200 --> 04:54:09,300
reporting her findings back to 
him. 

5587
04:54:09,300 --> 04:54:12,500
And other officials her input 
influenced initiatives like the 

5588
04:54:12,500 --> 04:54:15,100
National Youth Administration 
which provided jobs and 

5589
04:54:15,100 --> 04:54:17,800
education for young. 
People Eleanor believed that 

5590
04:54:17,800 --> 04:54:20,800
social welfare wasn't about 
handouts but about giving people

5591
04:54:20,800 --> 04:54:24,700
the tools to regain dignity. 
You press agencies to ensure, 

5592
04:54:24,700 --> 04:54:28,600
these programs reached women 
minorities and rural families 

5593
04:54:28,600 --> 04:54:31,000
often sidelined in bureaucratic 
distribution. 

5594
04:54:31,800 --> 04:54:34,900
Activism caught attention 
outside Washington, Labor 

5595
04:54:34,900 --> 04:54:37,500
leaders, praised her empathy 
while some conservatives accuse,

5596
04:54:37,500 --> 04:54:41,000
Cerny of championing socialism 
unions. 

5597
04:54:41,000 --> 04:54:43,200
Specially the newly. 
Formed Congress of industrial 

5598
04:54:43,200 --> 04:54:47,100
organizations CIO. 
Saw her as an ally willing to 

5599
04:54:47,108 --> 04:54:49,200
bring workers grievances to her 
husband's ear. 

5600
04:54:50,000 --> 04:54:52,600
Civil rights groups led by 
African-American leaders like 

5601
04:54:52,600 --> 04:54:55,700
Mary McLeod. 
Bethune found in Eleanor a rare 

5602
04:54:55,708 --> 04:54:57,600
White House. 
Allah who would openly address 

5603
04:54:57,600 --> 04:55:01,100
racial Injustice? 
famously defied segregation 

5604
04:55:01,100 --> 04:55:05,100
Norms in 1938 by sitting in the 
middle aisle between black and 

5605
04:55:05,100 --> 04:55:08,500
white delegates at a Southern 
Conference critics deemed at a 

5606
04:55:08,500 --> 04:55:12,100
publicity stunt, but for many 
African-Americans it was a 

5607
04:55:12,100 --> 04:55:15,500
symbolic stand by someone in 
power in private though she 

5608
04:55:15,500 --> 04:55:18,600
battled frustration and 
loneliness Franklins, polio 

5609
04:55:18,600 --> 04:55:21,500
limited his mobility and the 
Relentless demands of the 

5610
04:55:21,500 --> 04:55:25,000
president seed deeper the 
emotional Gulf between them The 

5611
04:55:25,000 --> 04:55:29,000
White House brimmed with staff 
and visitors leaving little time

5612
04:55:29,000 --> 04:55:32,000
for introspection. 
She relied on friendships with 

5613
04:55:32,000 --> 04:55:35,200
women like Lorena, Hickok, Who 
provided an emotional Outlet. 

5614
04:55:35,200 --> 04:55:36,700
She really found in her 
marriage. 

5615
04:55:37,400 --> 04:55:39,900
Historians later, scrutinized 
these relationships. 

5616
04:55:39,900 --> 04:55:43,200
But at the time, they served as 
islands of understanding and 

5617
04:55:43,200 --> 04:55:45,000
affection in a sea of political 
chaos. 

5618
04:55:46,100 --> 04:55:49,100
Despite the strain, Eleanor 
recognized her unique influence,

5619
04:55:49,100 --> 04:55:52,200
she championed the Arts through 
projects under the works 

5620
04:55:52,200 --> 04:55:55,800
progress administration. 
Believing creativity spurred. 

5621
04:55:55,800 --> 04:55:59,300
Hope she publicly supported 
Progressive, women in office, 

5622
04:55:59,300 --> 04:56:03,600
including Secretary of Labor, 
Frances Perkins, the first woman

5623
04:56:03,600 --> 04:56:07,700
to hold a US cabinet position, 
In doing so she Advanced the 

5624
04:56:07,700 --> 04:56:09,700
notion that women could excel in
governance. 

5625
04:56:10,600 --> 04:56:13,900
Skeptic sneered at the idea of 
female leadership, but Ellen has

5626
04:56:13,900 --> 04:56:16,300
calmer and backed by real 
accomplishments. 

5627
04:56:16,300 --> 04:56:19,200
Counted their doubts. 
She also found herself in 

5628
04:56:19,200 --> 04:56:22,300
Tangled in controversies around,
housing, reforms, Rural 

5629
04:56:22,300 --> 04:56:24,600
electrification, and migrant 
labor camps. 

5630
04:56:24,600 --> 04:56:28,300
In each case her approach was 
consistent travel to the site, 

5631
04:56:28,300 --> 04:56:31,900
talk to affected families and 
push her husband's advisors to 

5632
04:56:31,900 --> 04:56:34,700
craft Solutions. 
If she couldn't persuade through

5633
04:56:34,700 --> 04:56:37,900
formal channels, she sometimes 
appealed directly to the public 

5634
04:56:37,900 --> 04:56:39,600
through her column or radio 
addresses. 

5635
04:56:40,600 --> 04:56:43,300
Skillfully balanced between 
being a supportive first lady 

5636
04:56:43,300 --> 04:56:46,300
and being an independent 
political actor by the late 

5637
04:56:46,300 --> 04:56:48,700
1930s. 
The Roosevelt administration, 

5638
04:56:48,700 --> 04:56:52,700
confronted new challenges 
fascism rising in Europe and Are

5639
04:56:52,700 --> 04:56:56,300
still wobbly economy at home 
through it, all Eleanor's, 

5640
04:56:56,300 --> 04:56:59,100
schedule remained Relentless, 
she believed in direct 

5641
04:56:59,100 --> 04:57:02,500
engagement, convinced that a 
leader unaware of suffering, had

5642
04:57:02,500 --> 04:57:05,300
no moral right to shape policy 
though. 

5643
04:57:05,300 --> 04:57:08,500
She never held official office, 
a council influence decisions 

5644
04:57:08,500 --> 04:57:11,900
that altered millions of lives 
with war clouds gathering 

5645
04:57:11,900 --> 04:57:14,300
overseas. 
She would soon discover that her

5646
04:57:14,300 --> 04:57:17,900
role required, not just empathy,
but a Steely resolve to face a 

5647
04:57:17,900 --> 04:57:22,200
global crisis poised to test 
America's ideals as the 1930s 

5648
04:57:22,200 --> 04:57:25,800
ended and World War Two loomed. 
Eleanor, Roosevelt sensed a 

5649
04:57:25,800 --> 04:57:29,500
shifting Global landscape. 
She saw fascism trampling human 

5650
04:57:29,500 --> 04:57:32,100
rights in Europe and Asia. 
While America debated isolation 

5651
04:57:32,100 --> 04:57:35,800
versus intervention. 
Though frankly initially focused

5652
04:57:35,800 --> 04:57:39,000
on domestic recovery by 1940, it
was clear. 

5653
04:57:39,000 --> 04:57:42,300
The nation couldn't ignore 
International turmoil, Eleanor 

5654
04:57:42,300 --> 04:57:45,800
never shy about voicing her 
stance argued that America's 

5655
04:57:45,800 --> 04:57:48,300
moral responsibility extended 
Beyond its borders. 

5656
04:57:49,200 --> 04:57:52,700
She wrote nationally in my day, 
warning readers, that Democratic

5657
04:57:52,700 --> 04:57:55,900
Values needed to defending lest 
they perish in the onslaught of 

5658
04:57:55,908 --> 04:57:58,400
tyranny. 
When Franklin won an 

5659
04:57:58,400 --> 04:58:02,200
unprecedented, third term in 
1940, the Roosevelt stealed 

5660
04:58:02,200 --> 04:58:03,500
themselves for a tumultuous 
period. 

5661
04:58:04,300 --> 04:58:07,200
Eleanor accelerated her advocacy
for civil rights and women's 

5662
04:58:07,200 --> 04:58:10,100
involvement in war preparedness 
with men, joining the military. 

5663
04:58:10,100 --> 04:58:13,900
She championed female workers to
fill industrial, roles touring 

5664
04:58:13,900 --> 04:58:17,100
factories, she highlighted the 
contributions of Rosie, the 

5665
04:58:17,100 --> 04:58:21,000
Riveter types, urging Americans 
to shed old prejudices about A 

5666
04:58:21,000 --> 04:58:24,600
Woman's Place. 
Her stance was pragmatic the 

5667
04:58:24,600 --> 04:58:28,300
nation required every capable 
hand to be looming threats yet. 

5668
04:58:28,300 --> 04:58:31,500
Pearl Harbor's bombing in 
December 1941, brought War to 

5669
04:58:31,500 --> 04:58:34,400
us, soil, igniting, frantic 
mobilization. 

5670
04:58:35,300 --> 04:58:38,700
Eleanor plunged into morale. 
Building efforts visiting troops

5671
04:58:38,700 --> 04:58:41,500
meeting with families of 
servicemen and pushing for 

5672
04:58:41,500 --> 04:58:43,300
improved conditions in military 
camps. 

5673
04:58:44,100 --> 04:58:47,000
Eleanor believed that even small
actions, like providing decent 

5674
04:58:47,000 --> 04:58:51,100
food, Medical Care and pay could
demonstrate the country's 

5675
04:58:51,100 --> 04:58:54,200
commitment to those who served. 
Despite the war department, 

5676
04:58:54,200 --> 04:58:57,200
having its structures. 
Her personal visits frequently 

5677
04:58:57,200 --> 04:59:01,000
revealed, areas of concern, such
as segregated facilities, 

5678
04:59:01,000 --> 04:59:04,900
limited Mental, Health Services 
or insufficient resources in 

5679
04:59:04,900 --> 04:59:08,100
remote training site. 
You penned Frank memos to 

5680
04:59:08,100 --> 04:59:11,400
generals and even her husband 
demanding improvements on the 

5681
04:59:11,400 --> 04:59:15,600
homefront war fever, sometimes 
fueled racism Japanese-Americans

5682
04:59:15,600 --> 04:59:17,100
were forced into internment 
camps. 

5683
04:59:17,100 --> 04:59:20,400
A policy elider struggled to 
reconcile with her belief in 

5684
04:59:20,400 --> 04:59:23,400
Democratic principles, she 
quietly lobbied behind the 

5685
04:59:23,408 --> 04:59:26,700
scenes, but her opposition to 
the policy never gained enough 

5686
04:59:26,700 --> 04:59:29,700
traction to reverse. 
It critics later labeled her 

5687
04:59:29,700 --> 04:59:32,800
substance on internment as one 
of her greatest moral failures. 

5688
04:59:32,800 --> 04:59:36,100
Still she strove to mitigate 
conditions by visiting camps and

5689
04:59:36,100 --> 04:59:38,500
advocating for educational 
programs inside them. 

5690
04:59:38,500 --> 04:59:42,300
Mindful that these efforts fell 
short of outright Justice. 

5691
04:59:42,300 --> 04:59:46,200
Meanwhile, civil rights leaders 
urged, the administration to 

5692
04:59:46,200 --> 04:59:47,700
address discrimination in 
defense. 

5693
04:59:47,700 --> 04:59:50,900
Industries, Eleanor became their
conduit in the White House. 

5694
04:59:50,900 --> 04:59:55,200
Franklyn issued executive order 
8802, Banning racial 

5695
04:59:55,200 --> 04:59:57,800
discrimination. 
In defense contracts partly. 

5696
04:59:57,800 --> 05:00:01,200
Due to her persistent urging 
though, enforcement was patchy 

5697
05:00:01,200 --> 05:00:05,100
it set a precedent. 
Continued, her bold stands like 

5698
05:00:05,100 --> 05:00:08,600
publicly supporting the Tuskegee
Airmen, and ensuring African 

5699
05:00:08,600 --> 05:00:10,500
American. 
Nurses were integrated into the 

5700
05:00:10,500 --> 05:00:13,400
Army Nurse Corps. 
Each symbolic action fan 

5701
05:00:13,400 --> 05:00:17,100
controversy among 
segregationists, but to her the 

5702
05:00:17,100 --> 05:00:20,500
quality was non-negotiable 
especially in a warp. 

5703
05:00:20,500 --> 05:00:25,000
Reportedly fought for freedom. 
Abroad, Ellen is reach extended 

5704
05:00:25,000 --> 05:00:28,300
through her Goodwill tours, she 
traveled to Britain, and the 

5705
05:00:28,300 --> 05:00:31,100
South Pacific meeting soldiers, 
and Allied Leaders, her 

5706
05:00:31,100 --> 05:00:32,700
presence, was more than 
ceremonial. 

5707
05:00:32,700 --> 05:00:36,500
She asked probing questions 
about troop morale, supply lines

5708
05:00:36,500 --> 05:00:39,100
and local tensions often she 
cabled. 

5709
05:00:39,100 --> 05:00:41,800
Back suggestions for 
improvements, British prime 

5710
05:00:41,800 --> 05:00:44,600
minister Winston, Churchill 
praised her empathy, even if 

5711
05:00:44,600 --> 05:00:48,300
some in his Entourage found her 
activism unorthodox for a first 

5712
05:00:48,300 --> 05:00:50,600
lady. 
She reassured War weary 

5713
05:00:50,600 --> 05:00:52,900
civilians that American Aid, 
wasn't just strategic. 

5714
05:00:52,900 --> 05:00:55,600
It was driven by genuine 
commitment to Liberty. 

5715
05:00:56,600 --> 05:00:58,700
At home. 
She confronted a personal 

5716
05:00:58,700 --> 05:01:01,800
heartbreak, her brother, Paul 
Rose of elt struggled with 

5717
05:01:01,800 --> 05:01:04,800
alcoholism echoing. 
The family's tragic Legacy. 

5718
05:01:04,800 --> 05:01:08,900
She tried to erase support and 
discreet care, balancing private

5719
05:01:08,900 --> 05:01:11,900
loyalties with public 
responsibilities, a circle of 

5720
05:01:11,900 --> 05:01:15,300
intimate friends, provided 
emotional ballast, Lorena 

5721
05:01:15,300 --> 05:01:17,000
Hickok. 
Remained a confidant though. 

5722
05:01:17,000 --> 05:01:19,000
Wall Logistics limited. 
Their time to get together 

5723
05:01:19,000 --> 05:01:21,100
through letters. 
Eleanor confided. 

5724
05:01:21,100 --> 05:01:24,800
Her exhaustion admitting that 
the Public's expectations often 

5725
05:01:24,800 --> 05:01:29,000
felt insurmountable As the 
conflict raged on Franklins 

5726
05:01:29,000 --> 05:01:32,100
Health, Wayne and his blood 
pressure, Rose and stress 

5727
05:01:32,100 --> 05:01:34,400
weighed heavily. 
Eleanor stepped in more 

5728
05:01:34,408 --> 05:01:36,900
assertively bridging gaps in his
schedule. 

5729
05:01:37,700 --> 05:01:41,100
She delivered radio addresses, 
championing, war, bonds visited 

5730
05:01:41,100 --> 05:01:44,000
hospitals, treating wounded, 
veterans, and comforted, 

5731
05:01:44,000 --> 05:01:47,300
grieving families. 
Some cynics dismissed her as 

5732
05:01:47,300 --> 05:01:50,600
Madame do good but many others 
found solace in a leader 

5733
05:01:50,608 --> 05:01:52,500
unafraid to see suffering 
firsthand. 

5734
05:01:53,500 --> 05:01:57,700
By 1944, the Allied Forces were 
making significant progress yet.

5735
05:01:57,700 --> 05:01:59,500
Victory. 
Seemed a complicated Prospect. 

5736
05:01:59,500 --> 05:02:03,000
The war's Devastation would 
require not just triumph over 

5737
05:02:03,000 --> 05:02:05,400
Axis powers that a blueprint for
peace. 

5738
05:02:06,300 --> 05:02:10,100
Ellen has mined with questions 
about refugees post-war 

5739
05:02:10,100 --> 05:02:12,800
reconstruction, and a 
re-imagined global framework 

5740
05:02:12,800 --> 05:02:14,300
that might prevent future 
catastrophes. 

5741
05:02:14,300 --> 05:02:18,100
She saw glimpses of a potential 
role for the United States. 

5742
05:02:18,100 --> 05:02:21,200
As a moral leader though. 
She worried domestic politics 

5743
05:02:21,200 --> 05:02:24,200
might hamper that vision. 
In the final year of the war, 

5744
05:02:24,200 --> 05:02:27,300
she began hinting that the world
needed a robust International 

5745
05:02:27,300 --> 05:02:29,900
body to maintain peace for 
shadowing. 

5746
05:02:29,900 --> 05:02:32,400
Her eventual pivotal role in the
United Nations. 

5747
05:02:33,300 --> 05:02:37,200
Franklin D, Roosevelt died, in 
April, 1945 mere weeks before, 

5748
05:02:37,200 --> 05:02:40,700
Germany, surrender the nation, 
mourned a four-term president, 

5749
05:02:40,700 --> 05:02:43,700
whose New Deal and wartime 
leadership had reshaped America 

5750
05:02:43,700 --> 05:02:47,100
for Eleanor Roosevelt. 
The loss was both intimate and 

5751
05:02:47,100 --> 05:02:49,800
public while she and Franklin 
had forged a practical 

5752
05:02:49,808 --> 05:02:52,900
partnership over the years, she 
grieved the passing of a 

5753
05:02:52,900 --> 05:02:55,900
companion who had despite all 
their marital complexities had 

5754
05:02:55,900 --> 05:02:59,000
walked beside her through 
Monumental Transformations when 

5755
05:02:59,000 --> 05:03:01,100
Harry Truman succeeded to the 
presidency. 

5756
05:03:01,100 --> 05:03:05,500
He recognized Ellen as unique 
standing that first many assumed

5757
05:03:05,500 --> 05:03:06,800
she would Retreat from public 
life. 

5758
05:03:06,800 --> 05:03:11,200
Instead, she showed no sign of 
Disappearing into widowhood She 

5759
05:03:11,200 --> 05:03:14,400
considered her husband's death, 
a passing of the Baton, a 

5760
05:03:14,400 --> 05:03:17,900
moment, demanding continuing 
engagement, the war with Japan, 

5761
05:03:17,900 --> 05:03:20,900
still raged and global politics 
were in flux. 

5762
05:03:20,900 --> 05:03:24,900
She quietly rebuffed suggestions
to retire stating famously. 

5763
05:03:24,900 --> 05:03:27,500
The story is over but not the 
journey. 

5764
05:03:29,200 --> 05:03:32,600
In May 1945 v-day victory in 
Europe. 

5765
05:03:32,600 --> 05:03:35,700
Arrived overshadowed by the 
looming. 

5766
05:03:35,700 --> 05:03:39,100
Final battles against Japan. 
Eleanor immersed herself in 

5767
05:03:39,100 --> 05:03:42,400
relief, efforts focusing on 
wounded, veterans returning from

5768
05:03:42,400 --> 05:03:46,100
both theaters, she visited 
hospitals, consulted families, 

5769
05:03:46,100 --> 05:03:50,200
and championed bills aimed at 
their rehabilitation While 

5770
05:03:50,200 --> 05:03:52,900
Truman's Administration tackled 
the complexities of forming a 

5771
05:03:52,900 --> 05:03:55,300
post-war order. 
She used her platform to 

5772
05:03:55,300 --> 05:03:57,600
advocate for a strong 
Cooperative, International 

5773
05:03:57,600 --> 05:04:00,700
Community. 
One of Truman's defining acts 

5774
05:04:00,700 --> 05:04:03,500
was to appoint Eleanor to the 
first American delegation to the

5775
05:04:03,500 --> 05:04:07,700
United Nations in 1945. 
Many in Washington questioned. 

5776
05:04:07,700 --> 05:04:10,900
The choice could a former first 
lady or be at well-traveled 

5777
05:04:10,900 --> 05:04:15,500
effectively navigate high stakes
diplomacy Truman saw something, 

5778
05:04:15,500 --> 05:04:19,900
others overlooked her blend of 
empathy and pragmatism the 

5779
05:04:19,900 --> 05:04:21,600
appointment. 
Signaled, a fresh chapter for 

5780
05:04:21,600 --> 05:04:24,100
both the UN. 
And Eleanor she approached the 

5781
05:04:24,100 --> 05:04:27,300
role with disciplined, study 
brushing up, on parliamentary 

5782
05:04:27,300 --> 05:04:30,600
rules, international law, and 
economic recovery. 

5783
05:04:30,600 --> 05:04:34,000
Proposals attending the un's 
early session in London. 

5784
05:04:34,000 --> 05:04:36,300
And then at Lake Success, New 
York. 

5785
05:04:36,300 --> 05:04:39,100
She immersed herself in the 
complexities of post-war. 

5786
05:04:39,100 --> 05:04:42,900
Negotiations nation's wrestled 
with forming stable, governments

5787
05:04:42,900 --> 05:04:46,400
in war-ravaged regions, setting 
up structures to prevent future 

5788
05:04:46,400 --> 05:04:49,000
conflicts. 
While seasoned diplomats haggled

5789
05:04:49,000 --> 05:04:52,200
over boundaries and reparations 
Eleanor centered her efforts on 

5790
05:04:52,200 --> 05:04:54,700
human rights. 
She found common cause with 

5791
05:04:54,700 --> 05:04:58,400
delegate is from smaller Nations
forging, Alliance is that 

5792
05:04:58,400 --> 05:05:01,100
transcended cold war lines just 
beginning to emerge. 

5793
05:05:02,100 --> 05:05:05,100
In 1946. 
She chaired the newly formed un 

5794
05:05:05,100 --> 05:05:08,600
Commission on human rights. 
Initially, some delegates saw 

5795
05:05:08,600 --> 05:05:12,000
her as an American figurehead 
polite, but lacking intellectual

5796
05:05:12,000 --> 05:05:16,200
heft a swiftly learned otherwise
Steered discussions with 

5797
05:05:16,200 --> 05:05:20,000
firmness, ensuring smaller 
Nations had their say she 

5798
05:05:20,000 --> 05:05:23,000
insisted the commission draft, 
not just broad statements, but 

5799
05:05:23,000 --> 05:05:26,600
actionable principles this 
laborious process required 

5800
05:05:26,600 --> 05:05:30,500
reconciling different cultural 
values, economic realities, and 

5801
05:05:30,500 --> 05:05:34,300
political ideologies. 
Hours of debate tested. 

5802
05:05:34,300 --> 05:05:36,800
Her resolve. 
She found an ally in French 

5803
05:05:36,800 --> 05:05:40,500
philosopher, Rene Castle among 
others, who appreciated, her 

5804
05:05:40,500 --> 05:05:42,600
unwavering focus on practical 
outcomes. 

5805
05:05:43,700 --> 05:05:46,100
The commission's, most famous 
product, the universal 

5806
05:05:46,100 --> 05:05:49,600
Declaration of Human Rights, 
emerged as a collaborative 

5807
05:05:49,600 --> 05:05:51,700
Masterpiece though it bore 
Ellen, has imprint. 

5808
05:05:52,500 --> 05:05:55,500
She reminded delegates that 
lofty words meant little and 

5809
05:05:55,500 --> 05:05:57,300
less every day. 
People could understand them. 

5810
05:05:57,300 --> 05:06:01,500
She pushed for language that was
clear Universal and free from 

5811
05:06:01,500 --> 05:06:04,600
legalistic clutter. 
Late night session ended with 

5812
05:06:04,600 --> 05:06:07,500
her scribbling revisions by 
Lamplight fueled by an 

5813
05:06:07,500 --> 05:06:10,600
unshakeable belief that each 
article mattered to someone's 

5814
05:06:10,600 --> 05:06:14,300
dignity Her experience among the
poor and marginalized during the

5815
05:06:14,300 --> 05:06:17,300
Depression shaped her commitment
to ensuring each Clause, 

5816
05:06:17,300 --> 05:06:20,100
addressed fundamental human 
needs. 

5817
05:06:20,900 --> 05:06:23,600
Throughout these intense 
negotiations, she maintained a 

5818
05:06:23,600 --> 05:06:26,200
public speaking schedule 
traveling to universities and 

5819
05:06:26,200 --> 05:06:28,200
women's clubs to explain the 
un's mission. 

5820
05:06:28,900 --> 05:06:32,400
Detractors at home accused her 
of naivete suggesting the Soviet

5821
05:06:32,400 --> 05:06:35,500
Union's, looming, power rendered
human rights talk meaningless. 

5822
05:06:36,400 --> 05:06:38,700
She counted that precisely 
because of geopolitical 

5823
05:06:38,700 --> 05:06:40,700
tensions. 
A moral framework was 

5824
05:06:40,700 --> 05:06:43,600
indispensable. 
She refused to let cynicism 

5825
05:06:43,600 --> 05:06:45,400
overshadow. 
The potential of collective 

5826
05:06:45,400 --> 05:06:48,500
action. 
By 1948, the commission 

5827
05:06:48,500 --> 05:06:50,900
finalized, the universal 
Declaration of Human Rights. 

5828
05:06:51,800 --> 05:06:53,700
The UN General assembly's 
adoption of it. 

5829
05:06:53,700 --> 05:06:57,400
Marked a significant Milestone 
though, not legally binding, its

5830
05:06:57,400 --> 05:07:00,800
set a moral standard, Eleanor 
delivered speeches, describing 

5831
05:07:00,800 --> 05:07:04,000
it as a Magna, carter For All 
Mankind, ensuring the public, 

5832
05:07:04,000 --> 05:07:06,500
understood it as a tool to 
uplift the disenfranchise. 

5833
05:07:07,800 --> 05:07:10,600
International media, credited, 
her leadership, albeit, 

5834
05:07:10,600 --> 05:07:13,900
sometimes grudgingly as she had 
shattered prior assumptions 

5835
05:07:13,900 --> 05:07:15,500
about a first lady's 
capabilities. 

5836
05:07:16,200 --> 05:07:18,300
In the aftermath she found 
little time for rest. 

5837
05:07:18,300 --> 05:07:20,900
The world was shifting into the 
Cold War era. 

5838
05:07:21,900 --> 05:07:25,800
Economic reconstruction, 
decolonization an ideological 

5839
05:07:25,800 --> 05:07:28,000
battles. 
Now, defined Global relations. 

5840
05:07:28,900 --> 05:07:31,600
Even as she stepped away from 
the commission, she continued to

5841
05:07:31,600 --> 05:07:35,100
serve as a roving ambassador of 
sorts championing human rights 

5842
05:07:35,100 --> 05:07:39,000
across continents. 
Elinor saw her late husband's 

5843
05:07:39,000 --> 05:07:42,300
passing as an opportunity to 
forge her own unique Legacy, 

5844
05:07:42,300 --> 05:07:46,200
rooted not in being a 
president's wife, but in shaping

5845
05:07:46,200 --> 05:07:50,200
International Norms at a pivotal
moment, in history, in the final

5846
05:07:50,200 --> 05:07:53,200
decade of her life. 
Eleanor Roosevelt, continued as 

5847
05:07:53,200 --> 05:07:56,800
an indefatigable voice for 
social justice, human rights and

5848
05:07:56,800 --> 05:07:59,800
democratic ideals. 
The universal Declaration of 

5849
05:07:59,800 --> 05:08:03,700
Human Rights, adopted in 1948 
remained her crowning 

5850
05:08:03,700 --> 05:08:06,400
achievement. 
However, she refused to rest on 

5851
05:08:06,400 --> 05:08:10,000
her past achievements with the 
onset of the Cold War critics, 

5852
05:08:10,000 --> 05:08:12,600
claimed the un's ideals would 
crumble under superpower 

5853
05:08:12,600 --> 05:08:16,200
rivalry, Eleanor believed, 
otherwise maintaining that 

5854
05:08:16,200 --> 05:08:19,600
shared principles could mitigate
conflict even if progress 

5855
05:08:19,600 --> 05:08:24,800
unfolded slowly, She returned to
private citizenship in 1953, but

5856
05:08:24,800 --> 05:08:26,500
State active in public 
discourse. 

5857
05:08:27,200 --> 05:08:29,800
Writing, lecturing and 
advocating. 

5858
05:08:29,800 --> 05:08:31,700
She championed civil rights at 
home. 

5859
05:08:31,700 --> 05:08:35,700
When African-American students, 
integrated previously, all white

5860
05:08:35,700 --> 05:08:38,700
schools under court order. 
She lent moral support, 

5861
05:08:38,700 --> 05:08:42,000
reminding Americans that a 
quality was part of their 

5862
05:08:42,000 --> 05:08:44,600
National fabric. 
The Columns remained, 

5863
05:08:44,600 --> 05:08:49,300
unflinching calling out racism 
poverty and the complacency of 

5864
05:08:49,300 --> 05:08:51,300
those who benefited from the 
status quo. 

5865
05:08:51,300 --> 05:08:55,200
Some saw her as anachronistic 
others discovered in her words. 

5866
05:08:55,200 --> 05:08:58,100
A beacon for an America 
struggling to reconcile its 

5867
05:08:58,100 --> 05:09:01,300
ideals with its realities. 
Her personal network, still 

5868
05:09:01,300 --> 05:09:04,500
included political, heavyweights
enabling her to press for a 

5869
05:09:04,500 --> 05:09:07,400
forms behind the scenes. 
She served under President John 

5870
05:09:07,400 --> 05:09:09,600
F Kennedy as chair of the 
presidential commission on the 

5871
05:09:09,600 --> 05:09:14,700
status of women established in 
1961 at an age, when many retire

5872
05:09:14,700 --> 05:09:19,000
Elena dissected legal codes 
Employment Practices and 

5873
05:09:19,000 --> 05:09:20,600
educational barriers hindering 
women. 

5874
05:09:20,600 --> 05:09:24,300
She demanded data case studies 
and policy recommendations 

5875
05:09:24,300 --> 05:09:28,800
aiming to transform rhetoric. 
Into tangible steps that the 

5876
05:09:28,800 --> 05:09:31,600
commission's final report 
spurred legislative changes 

5877
05:09:31,600 --> 05:09:35,100
under scored her ability to 
channel, moral Vision into legal

5878
05:09:35,100 --> 05:09:38,300
Frameworks. 
Throughout the 1950s and early 

5879
05:09:38,300 --> 05:09:40,600
1960s. 
She traveled the globe. 

5880
05:09:40,600 --> 05:09:43,400
Invitations poured in, from 
countries, wanting to meet the 

5881
05:09:43,400 --> 05:09:46,200
woman, behind the Declaration of
Human Rights in India. 

5882
05:09:46,200 --> 05:09:49,800
She walked through Villages, 
discussing rural development in 

5883
05:09:49,800 --> 05:09:52,700
Israel. 
She Marvel's communities in 

5884
05:09:52,700 --> 05:09:54,800
Africa. 
She observed newly independent 

5885
05:09:54,800 --> 05:09:57,600
nations grappling with 
post-colonial reconstruction, 

5886
05:09:57,600 --> 05:10:02,200
where American ambassadors might
exude, formality Elena, embraced

5887
05:10:02,200 --> 05:10:06,000
dialogues with every day people.
She returned from each Journey, 

5888
05:10:06,000 --> 05:10:09,600
energized writing extensive 
notes for policymakers, 

5889
05:10:09,600 --> 05:10:12,700
cautioning, against 
condescending attitudes toward 

5890
05:10:12,700 --> 05:10:15,700
emerging Nations. 
Her willingness to learn from 

5891
05:10:15,700 --> 05:10:19,800
other cultures became a Hallmark
of her diplomacy time. 

5892
05:10:19,800 --> 05:10:22,500
And again, she confronted 
critics who branded her a busy 

5893
05:10:22,500 --> 05:10:25,000
body. 
She was neither a scholar or a 

5894
05:10:25,000 --> 05:10:27,400
government official. 
Why should she meddle in foreign

5895
05:10:27,400 --> 05:10:30,600
or domestic affairs? 
She answered that democracy was 

5896
05:10:30,600 --> 05:10:34,100
every Citizens Business and 
moral responsibility didn't 

5897
05:10:34,100 --> 05:10:37,500
vanish with the end of official 
appointments observers noted, 

5898
05:10:37,500 --> 05:10:40,200
that her brand of activism 
hinged, on practical empathy 

5899
05:10:40,200 --> 05:10:43,800
nurtured from her earliest, 
volunteer days where the 

5900
05:10:43,800 --> 05:10:46,100
lecturing at a university or 
chatting with a rural 

5901
05:10:46,100 --> 05:10:48,900
Cooperative. 
She asked questions and listened

5902
05:10:48,900 --> 05:10:53,100
her convictions were firm yet. 
She respected the complexity of 

5903
05:10:53,100 --> 05:10:55,800
local struggles. 
She also mentored Rising 

5904
05:10:55,800 --> 05:10:59,300
figures, both men and women 
urging them to wield compassion 

5905
05:10:59,300 --> 05:11:03,500
as a strength, not a weakness. 
From civil rights activists in 

5906
05:11:03,500 --> 05:11:05,900
the American South to Young 
diplomats in the US. 

5907
05:11:05,900 --> 05:11:09,200
She encouraged them to merge 
policy with Humanity. 

5908
05:11:10,100 --> 05:11:13,200
People she mentored off often 
recalled her direct manner, no 

5909
05:11:13,200 --> 05:11:16,000
Idol flattery just pointed 
questions, that force them to 

5910
05:11:16,000 --> 05:11:18,300
clarify their own beliefs 
rarely. 

5911
05:11:18,300 --> 05:11:21,900
Did she skull in public but in 
private she offered candid 

5912
05:11:21,900 --> 05:11:24,100
criticisms designed to Sharp and
strategies. 

5913
05:11:25,100 --> 05:11:27,900
It's a health began to decline 
in the early 1960s. 

5914
05:11:27,900 --> 05:11:31,100
She scaled back her demanding 
itinerary though. 

5915
05:11:31,100 --> 05:11:34,600
Not her convictions. 
President Kennedy valued her 

5916
05:11:34,600 --> 05:11:36,900
Council on international 
relations and domestic policy. 

5917
05:11:37,700 --> 05:11:41,000
She remained a fixture in press 
interviews, her voice steady 

5918
05:11:41,000 --> 05:11:42,800
even if her physical stamina 
waned. 

5919
05:11:43,400 --> 05:11:45,400
She firmly believed in 
transferring the responsibility 

5920
05:11:45,400 --> 05:11:49,700
to the Next Generation in. 
One of her final interviews, she

5921
05:11:49,700 --> 05:11:52,200
expressed hope that the seeds 
planted by the universal 

5922
05:11:52,200 --> 05:11:55,500
declaration would bear fruit, 
even if it took centuries for 

5923
05:11:55,500 --> 05:11:59,700
Humanity to fully embrace the 
ideals of Justice, Liberty and 

5924
05:11:59,700 --> 05:12:05,500
equality Eleanor Roosevelt died 
on November the 7th 1962. 

5925
05:12:06,300 --> 05:12:09,100
Tributes poured in from heads of
state and ordinary citizens 

5926
05:12:09,100 --> 05:12:12,300
alike, many lorded. 
Her as the first lady of the 

5927
05:12:12,300 --> 05:12:15,400
world, a title first coined in 
recognition of her Global 

5928
05:12:15,400 --> 05:12:19,200
humanitarian work over the 
coming years, her Legacy would 

5929
05:12:19,200 --> 05:12:22,900
be Revisited by historians 
feminists diplomats and human 

5930
05:12:22,900 --> 05:12:26,000
rights advocates. 
Unlike fleeting political 

5931
05:12:26,000 --> 05:12:28,700
personalities, she left a 
lasting moral imprint that 

5932
05:12:28,708 --> 05:12:32,500
transcended parties and ship and
geography today her words still 

5933
05:12:32,500 --> 05:12:36,600
resonate where after all do 
Universal human rights begin in 

5934
05:12:36,600 --> 05:12:40,900
small places close to home. 
Her famous advocacy statement, 

5935
05:12:40,900 --> 05:12:42,700
encapsulates, the essence of her
life. 

5936
05:12:43,400 --> 05:12:46,400
She believed real change took 
root in neighborhoods, schools 

5937
05:12:46,400 --> 05:12:50,200
and local governments only, then
scaling up to National and 

5938
05:12:50,200 --> 05:12:52,300
international levels. 
Born into privilege. 

5939
05:12:52,300 --> 05:12:54,900
She grew into a figure who 
championed the powerless 

5940
05:12:54,900 --> 05:12:57,000
overcoming shyness and 
heartbreak. 

5941
05:12:57,000 --> 05:12:59,800
She constructed a role for 
herself that few imagined 

5942
05:12:59,800 --> 05:13:02,400
possible. 
And in that process, she altered

5943
05:13:02,400 --> 05:13:05,500
the global Dialogue on rights 
dignity and what it means to 

5944
05:13:05,500 --> 05:13:09,200
serve, Humanity, the Morning 
Mist, hung thick and cool. 

5945
05:13:09,200 --> 05:13:12,700
Cloaking, the sacred grove in 
ethereal silence as The Villages

5946
05:13:12,700 --> 05:13:14,900
gathered quietly beneath the 
Towering Oak. 

5947
05:13:14,900 --> 05:13:19,400
Its ancient branches stretched 
wide leaves Whispering softly in

5948
05:13:19,400 --> 05:13:22,200
the gentle breeze. 
At the center of this Gathering.

5949
05:13:22,200 --> 05:13:25,800
Stood, the Druid, his white 
robes glowing softly against the

5950
05:13:25,800 --> 05:13:29,800
muted tones of the forest. 
Beside him, young aired, waited 

5951
05:13:29,800 --> 05:13:33,500
nervously, his heart pounding in
anticipation of the ceremony 

5952
05:13:33,500 --> 05:13:34,800
that would shape the rest of his
life. 

5953
05:13:35,700 --> 05:13:38,800
A year did grown up hearing 
stories of Druids keepers of 

5954
05:13:38,808 --> 05:13:41,600
knowledge, Guides of King's 
interpreters of Omens. 

5955
05:13:42,400 --> 05:13:45,000
From the moment he was chosen as
an apprentice, his life had 

5956
05:13:45,000 --> 05:13:48,100
revolved around careful, 
training memorizing, countless 

5957
05:13:48,100 --> 05:13:51,700
oral Traditions, learning the 
subtle language of Nature and 

5958
05:13:51,700 --> 05:13:53,700
understanding the 
interconnectedness of all 

5959
05:13:53,700 --> 05:13:56,200
things. 
Yet today was different. 

5960
05:13:56,200 --> 05:13:59,800
Today marked his formal 
initiation the beginning of his 

5961
05:13:59,800 --> 05:14:03,900
true path as a druid His teacher
brand stepped forward, slowly, 

5962
05:14:03,900 --> 05:14:07,500
his aged Faith, Serene, but 
deeply lined from years of 

5963
05:14:07,500 --> 05:14:10,700
wisdom and care. 
Brown raised a staff carved from

5964
05:14:10,700 --> 05:14:13,300
you symbolizing, strength and 
rebirth. 

5965
05:14:14,000 --> 05:14:15,400
He struck it, gently upon the 
Earth. 

5966
05:14:15,400 --> 05:14:19,200
Three times each resonant third 
Breaking, the silence and 

5967
05:14:19,200 --> 05:14:20,900
calling attention to the sacred,
right? 

5968
05:14:21,800 --> 05:14:25,000
Today Grand began his voice. 
Calm yet powerful. 

5969
05:14:25,000 --> 05:14:28,700
We Gather beneath the oak, the 
heart of our people, the symbol 

5970
05:14:28,700 --> 05:14:32,400
of our enduring strength Aid 
stands, before us ready to 

5971
05:14:32,400 --> 05:14:34,300
begin. 
His journey as keeper of our 

5972
05:14:34,300 --> 05:14:36,400
knowledge and guardian of our 
traditions. 

5973
05:14:37,300 --> 05:14:40,000
All Eyes turned to aired who 
felt the weight of their gazes 

5974
05:14:40,000 --> 05:14:42,200
as both responsibility and 
honor. 

5975
05:14:43,000 --> 05:14:45,900
Bran continued, his voice 
carrying easily through the 

5976
05:14:45,900 --> 05:14:48,300
hushed. 
Clearing the oak teaches us 

5977
05:14:48,300 --> 05:14:52,100
resilience its roots deep within
the Earth branches ever reaching

5978
05:14:52,100 --> 05:14:55,400
toward the sky. 
So must I add plant himself 

5979
05:14:55,400 --> 05:14:58,500
firmly in our traditions and 
stretched toward wisdom yet 

5980
05:14:58,500 --> 05:15:02,200
unknown. 
Bran handed aired a small pouch,

5981
05:15:02,200 --> 05:15:05,300
containing seeds of sacred herbs
missile toe. 

5982
05:15:05,300 --> 05:15:09,400
Yarrow and Meadow Suite, symbols
of, healing, divination, and 

5983
05:15:09,400 --> 05:15:12,400
purification. 
Plant, these carefully Brown 

5984
05:15:12,400 --> 05:15:16,000
instructed, softly, let them 
remind, you always of your duty 

5985
05:15:16,000 --> 05:15:21,500
to heal for sea and cleanse. 
Add accepted the pouch, 

5986
05:15:21,500 --> 05:15:24,700
reverently bowing, his head 
slightly and acknowledgment. 

5987
05:15:25,700 --> 05:15:28,400
Brand then led him toward the 
massive Oak where the ground 

5988
05:15:28,400 --> 05:15:31,400
beneath was rich and dark warmed
by sunlight filtering through 

5989
05:15:31,400 --> 05:15:35,200
the branches kneeling. 
I had gently placed each seed 

5990
05:15:35,200 --> 05:15:38,900
into the Earth covering them 
carefully Whispering quiet 

5991
05:15:38,900 --> 05:15:41,900
blessings. 
As I had completed this task 

5992
05:15:41,900 --> 05:15:44,600
bran latest hands. 
Gently on the young man's 

5993
05:15:44,600 --> 05:15:47,100
shoulders, his voice now, softer
more intimate. 

5994
05:15:48,000 --> 05:15:50,500
From This Moment, your bound not
only to the Oak. 

5995
05:15:50,500 --> 05:15:53,000
But to every life itself 
shelters every creature that 

5996
05:15:53,000 --> 05:15:57,200
finds refuge in its shadow, walk
this path with humility strength

5997
05:15:57,200 --> 05:16:00,100
and compassion. 
Rising to his feet. 

5998
05:16:00,100 --> 05:16:03,100
Aired felt a surge of Pride 
mixed with profound humility. 

5999
05:16:04,000 --> 05:16:07,700
Around him villagers nodded 
approvingly, their faces, warm 

6000
05:16:07,700 --> 05:16:10,100
with trust. 
This was more than mere 

6001
05:16:10,100 --> 05:16:12,500
tradition. 
It was a promise he had made to 

6002
05:16:12,500 --> 05:16:16,100
himself to brand and to the 
people who depended on The 

6003
05:16:16,100 --> 05:16:19,700
Druids wisdom and guidance. 
Following the ceremony, the 

6004
05:16:19,700 --> 05:16:23,100
villagers Gather in celebration 
offering simple but meaningful 

6005
05:16:23,100 --> 05:16:27,500
gifts woven reads, carved 
stones, and handmade amulets. 

6006
05:16:28,200 --> 05:16:31,900
I had received each graciously 
feeling deeply connected to the 

6007
05:16:31,900 --> 05:16:33,800
community that had nurtured him 
from childhood. 

6008
05:16:34,900 --> 05:16:38,800
As evening, descended aired, and
bran walked slowly back to the 

6009
05:16:38,800 --> 05:16:41,500
Village. 
Their path illuminated by Soft 

6010
05:16:41,500 --> 05:16:43,700
moonlight. 
Bran spoke quietly. 

6011
05:16:43,700 --> 05:16:48,700
His voice reflective. remember 
Aid, a druid strength lies, not 

6012
05:16:48,700 --> 05:16:51,000
in his power to command, but in 
his ability to listen, 

6013
05:16:51,000 --> 05:16:55,400
understand and guide, Aid. 
Nodded absorbing the wisdom of 

6014
05:16:55,400 --> 05:16:58,300
his mentor. 
I will remember bran, he 

6015
05:16:58,300 --> 05:17:01,000
promised earnestly. 
I will honor this responsibility

6016
05:17:01,000 --> 05:17:04,700
with every breath. 
Brown smiled gently laying a 

6017
05:17:04,700 --> 05:17:07,600
comforting hand on edge 
shoulder, then your journey has 

6018
05:17:07,600 --> 05:17:10,600
truly begun. 
Returning to his, modest 

6019
05:17:10,600 --> 05:17:14,900
dwelling ahead quietly beneath 
the stars contemplating the days

6020
05:17:14,900 --> 05:17:17,000
of events. 
The weight of his new role 

6021
05:17:17,000 --> 05:17:20,400
settled comfortably upon his 
shoulders bolstered by the trust

6022
05:17:20,400 --> 05:17:21,900
and teachings of those around 
him. 

6023
05:17:22,700 --> 05:17:26,900
In new Challengers lay ahead, it
felt prepared rooted in ancient 

6024
05:17:26,900 --> 05:17:28,800
wisdom and ready to guide his 
people forward. 

6025
05:17:29,800 --> 05:17:31,800
Asleep. 
Claimed him the image of the 

6026
05:17:31,800 --> 05:17:35,500
gray Oak lingard vividly in his 
mind, strong enduring, and full 

6027
05:17:35,500 --> 05:17:37,400
of life. 
It was a symbol. 

6028
05:17:37,400 --> 05:17:41,200
Yes, but also a promise, a 
constant reminder of who he was 

6029
05:17:41,200 --> 05:17:44,700
and who he was meant to become 
the forest was silent and still 

6030
05:17:44,700 --> 05:17:47,900
blanketed in a hushed 
anticipation that hung heavily 

6031
05:17:47,900 --> 05:17:50,800
among the gathered Villages. 
It was the eve of the winter 

6032
05:17:50,800 --> 05:17:54,100
solstice the longest night of 
the year a time. 

6033
05:17:54,108 --> 05:17:57,100
When the veil Between Worlds 
grew thin and the powers of 

6034
05:17:57,108 --> 05:17:59,100
nature pulsed with quiet 
intensity. 

6035
05:17:59,100 --> 05:18:02,300
The villagers formed a 
respectful circle around the 

6036
05:18:02,300 --> 05:18:05,800
sacred Oak, their breath visible
in the cold air eyes, fixed 

6037
05:18:05,800 --> 05:18:08,900
intently on bran and Aid, who 
stood beneath the trees immense 

6038
05:18:08,900 --> 05:18:12,800
branches brand stepped forward. 
His robes luminous in the 

6039
05:18:12,800 --> 05:18:15,600
Moonlight eyes. 
Reflecting profound wisdom 

6040
05:18:15,600 --> 05:18:18,300
earned through years of devotion
and study. 

6041
05:18:19,100 --> 05:18:22,700
He held a golden sickle, its 
curved blade guilting, gently 

6042
05:18:22,700 --> 05:18:26,000
capturing the sparse Moonlight 
that filtered through the Oaks 

6043
05:18:26,000 --> 05:18:29,800
sleeves. 
Designed him stood, a year older

6044
05:18:29,800 --> 05:18:33,200
since his initiation more 
confident, yet humbled, by the 

6045
05:18:33,200 --> 05:18:35,300
gravity of the ceremony. 
He was about to undertake. 

6046
05:18:35,300 --> 05:18:38,000
I had raised his gaze to The 
Oaks lofty. 

6047
05:18:38,000 --> 05:18:41,800
Branches were clusters of 
missile toe grew pale berries. 

6048
05:18:41,800 --> 05:18:45,100
Glowing softly in the dimness, 
the missile toe was sacred 

6049
05:18:46,000 --> 05:18:49,500
Revered by The Druids for its 
Rarity, growing suspended 

6050
05:18:49,500 --> 05:18:52,300
Between Heaven and Earth, 
Untouched by the ground. 

6051
05:18:52,300 --> 05:18:55,700
It was a symbol of renewal 
heeling and peace. 

6052
05:18:55,700 --> 05:18:59,200
Its presence marking, the oak 
has a specialty blessed. 

6053
05:19:00,800 --> 05:19:04,300
Tonight. 
Brown spoke clearly his voice 

6054
05:19:04,300 --> 05:19:05,900
resonating through the 
attentive. 

6055
05:19:05,900 --> 05:19:09,700
Silence, we honor the sacred 
mistletoe, the plant of healing 

6056
05:19:09,700 --> 05:19:13,900
and peace. it reminds us that 
even in the harshest Winter life

6057
05:19:13,900 --> 05:19:18,000
and hope endure, Turning to 
aired bran continued. 

6058
05:19:18,000 --> 05:19:22,000
Gently add you have proven 
yourself dedicated to our ways. 

6059
05:19:22,000 --> 05:19:25,400
Tonight, you take another step 
deeper into your path. 

6060
05:19:25,400 --> 05:19:28,900
You shall cut the missile toe, 
safeguarding its power, and 

6061
05:19:28,900 --> 05:19:30,500
sharing its blessings with our 
people. 

6062
05:19:31,900 --> 05:19:34,200
With deep respect head took the 
Golden Circle. 

6063
05:19:34,200 --> 05:19:37,900
From bran, his heart beating 
steadily mindful of his mentors 

6064
05:19:37,900 --> 05:19:40,300
watchful eyes and The Villages 
Collective breath. 

6065
05:19:41,100 --> 05:19:44,300
Carefully ascended, the sturdy 
ladder leaning against the oak. 

6066
05:19:44,300 --> 05:19:46,900
It's rough bark reassuring 
beneath his hands. 

6067
05:19:47,800 --> 05:19:51,000
Reaching the missile toe. 
He paused offering a silent 

6068
05:19:51,000 --> 05:19:54,300
prayer of gratitude of the tree 
and to Nature's generous spirit.

6069
05:19:55,500 --> 05:19:57,100
Holding the sickle reverently 
Aid. 

6070
05:19:57,100 --> 05:20:01,000
Spoke softly words known only to
Drew its invoking. 

6071
05:20:01,000 --> 05:20:03,800
The spirits of Earth. 
Sky, and the plant itself. 

6072
05:20:04,900 --> 05:20:07,400
With a deliberate respectful 
motion, he severed the missile 

6073
05:20:07,400 --> 05:20:10,700
toe from its host, allowing it 
to fall, gently, into the linen,

6074
05:20:10,700 --> 05:20:13,400
cloth Grand held below the 
sacred plant. 

6075
05:20:13,400 --> 05:20:16,500
Could not come into contact with
the Earth as it would lose, its 

6076
05:20:16,500 --> 05:20:19,200
potency. 
Descending carefully. 

6077
05:20:19,200 --> 05:20:23,100
Heed joined Bran who gently wrap
the mistletoe nodding 

6078
05:20:23,100 --> 05:20:25,900
approvingly. 
Brown raised it high turning 

6079
05:20:25,900 --> 05:20:27,800
slowly. 
To all might see the sacred 

6080
05:20:27,800 --> 05:20:30,500
Harvest. 
This gift from nature is now 

6081
05:20:30,500 --> 05:20:32,700
ours to protect and cherish, he 
proclaimed. 

6082
05:20:33,100 --> 05:20:36,500
It will be prepared into 
remedies Wards and blessings to 

6083
05:20:36,500 --> 05:20:38,300
sustain us through the coming 
seasons. 

6084
05:20:39,400 --> 05:20:41,900
The villagers murmured 
reverently their faces lit with 

6085
05:20:41,900 --> 05:20:45,700
quiet, ore and gratitude. 
The rituals, solemnity shifted 

6086
05:20:45,700 --> 05:20:48,600
gradually into quiet 
celebration, a communal 

6087
05:20:48,600 --> 05:20:51,500
acknowledgment of the years, 
turning a life persistence in 

6088
05:20:51,500 --> 05:20:53,900
darkness and of Hope's quiet 
strength. 

6089
05:20:54,900 --> 05:20:58,100
As The Villages began their 
subdued festivities, Grand 

6090
05:20:58,100 --> 05:21:01,200
guided away from the Gathering 
to a quieter spot at the Grove's

6091
05:21:01,200 --> 05:21:02,800
Edge. 
You have done well. 

6092
05:21:02,800 --> 05:21:05,800
Ground spoke gently. 
His voice filled with pride. 

6093
05:21:06,900 --> 05:21:10,400
Remembered. 
Are strength lies, not in power 

6094
05:21:10,400 --> 05:21:13,200
over nature, but in partnership 
with it. 

6095
05:21:14,600 --> 05:21:17,900
I had nodded solely. 
Reflecting deeply on the 

6096
05:21:17,900 --> 05:21:21,500
evening, significance. 
I feel this partnership deeply 

6097
05:21:21,500 --> 05:21:25,100
tonight, he admitted softly, 
looking up at the branches of 

6098
05:21:25,100 --> 05:21:27,100
the silhouetted, against the 
Stars. 

6099
05:21:27,900 --> 05:21:31,700
Good grandpa replied warmly. 
Carry this lesson with you 

6100
05:21:31,700 --> 05:21:36,100
always in moments of darkness, 
when doubt May Cloud your path 

6101
05:21:36,100 --> 05:21:38,100
recall the mistletoe silent 
message. 

6102
05:21:39,000 --> 05:21:41,700
That light and life persist even
unseen. 

6103
05:21:43,100 --> 05:21:46,200
They stood quietly together 
absorbing the calm energy 

6104
05:21:46,200 --> 05:21:48,500
surrounding them. 
Drawing strength from each 

6105
05:21:48,500 --> 05:21:52,600
other's presence and the Eternal
rhythms of nature Eventually 

6106
05:21:52,600 --> 05:21:55,300
bran placed a reassuring hand on
aired shoulder. 

6107
05:21:56,000 --> 05:21:58,400
Come. 
He said, gently, let us join the

6108
05:21:58,408 --> 05:22:00,800
others and share in the joy of 
this sacred night. 

6109
05:22:01,900 --> 05:22:05,200
Returning to the Gathering Aid. 
Felt deeply connected to his 

6110
05:22:05,200 --> 05:22:08,100
mentor, his community, and the 
ancient Traditions. 

6111
05:22:08,100 --> 05:22:10,900
Guiding the mall. 
The night was filled with quiet 

6112
05:22:10,900 --> 05:22:14,900
laughed after stories and shared
hopes a testament to their unity

6113
05:22:14,900 --> 05:22:17,800
and strength. 
As the fires dimmed and Villages

6114
05:22:17,800 --> 05:22:21,000
dispersed, I had carried the 
memory of this night firmly 

6115
05:22:21,000 --> 05:22:23,800
within his heart. 
Understanding more profoundly 

6116
05:22:23,800 --> 05:22:27,200
the responsibility. 
He now bore He had taken another

6117
05:22:27,200 --> 05:22:30,200
important step on his druidic 
journey, strengthened by 

6118
05:22:30,200 --> 05:22:34,200
tradition, Guided by wisdom, and
inspired by the enduring power 

6119
05:22:34,200 --> 05:22:37,000
of Nature's gifts. 
The Village was isolated by 

6120
05:22:37,000 --> 05:22:40,300
dense thickets of Hawthorne and 
Elder when I had arrived, the 

6121
05:22:40,308 --> 05:22:42,300
air had a center of wet Earth 
and wood smoke. 

6122
05:22:42,300 --> 05:22:44,700
He moved. 
Quietly through narrow paths, 

6123
05:22:44,700 --> 05:22:47,800
passed low Stone Cottages where 
people pause their work to watch

6124
05:22:47,800 --> 05:22:51,300
him pass their expressions and 
mix of respect and cautious, 

6125
05:22:51,300 --> 05:22:53,900
hope. 
His journey had taken three days

6126
05:22:53,900 --> 05:22:57,700
on foot guided only by the 
whispered directions, given by a

6127
05:22:57,700 --> 05:23:00,100
passing traveler. 
The message had been urgent. 

6128
05:23:00,100 --> 05:23:04,700
A young woman ethna daughter of 
the village Smith Lake Gravely, 

6129
05:23:04,700 --> 05:23:08,200
ill following childbirth. 
Noel within the village could 

6130
05:23:08,200 --> 05:23:10,700
help her. 
And so aired had come swiftly 

6131
05:23:10,700 --> 05:23:13,900
driven by a sense of Duty deeper
than his fatigue. 

6132
05:23:14,900 --> 05:23:18,600
Ethnus home was at The Villages 
Edge near a stream that murmured

6133
05:23:18,600 --> 05:23:22,400
quietly beneath Twisted Alders, 
inside the dim Cottage was 

6134
05:23:22,400 --> 05:23:25,700
crowded with concerned relatives
and neighbors who stepped aside 

6135
05:23:25,700 --> 05:23:28,400
silently. 
As a dead entered, he felt their

6136
05:23:28,400 --> 05:23:30,800
eyes upon Him. 
Their quiet, desperation 

6137
05:23:30,800 --> 05:23:33,600
tangible. 
He approached the low bed where 

6138
05:23:33,600 --> 05:23:37,100
ethna lay her pale face 
glistening with sweat breaths 

6139
05:23:37,100 --> 05:23:41,000
shallow and labored beside her 
the newborn slept peacefully 

6140
05:23:41,000 --> 05:23:43,500
unaware of The Quiet fear around
him. 

6141
05:23:43,500 --> 05:23:47,400
He had no to touch deathless 
forehead feeling the fever's 

6142
05:23:47,400 --> 05:23:50,600
Heat against his palm. 
She stirred slightly murmuring 

6143
05:23:50,600 --> 05:23:53,400
incoherently. 
Bring water from the stream. 

6144
05:23:53,400 --> 05:23:57,500
I had instructed gently 
addressing the nearest woman and

6145
05:23:57,500 --> 05:24:01,600
Fresh Linen. 
As they hurried to obey, he had 

6146
05:24:01,600 --> 05:24:04,800
opened his Satchel carefully 
laying out, bundles of herbs, 

6147
05:24:04,800 --> 05:24:09,100
roots and small vials filled 
with meticulously prepared 

6148
05:24:09,100 --> 05:24:12,000
tinctures. 
The villagers watched their 

6149
05:24:12,000 --> 05:24:14,200
curiosity. 
Mixed with ore, as he crushed 

6150
05:24:14,200 --> 05:24:17,100
dried leaves of Willow and 
meadowsweet into a bronze Bowl. 

6151
05:24:17,100 --> 05:24:20,500
Adding hot water to make a 
bitter aromatic infusion. 

6152
05:24:20,500 --> 05:24:23,800
He lifted his head. 
Gently coaxing her to drink 

6153
05:24:23,800 --> 05:24:28,300
slowly, She Winsted but managed 
a few sips then he bathed her 

6154
05:24:28,300 --> 05:24:31,000
forehead and wrists with cool 
cloth soaked in the fresh 

6155
05:24:31,000 --> 05:24:33,800
stream. 
Water murmuring, ancient healing

6156
05:24:33,800 --> 05:24:37,500
chants softly under his breath. 
Each word resonated with 

6157
05:24:37,500 --> 05:24:40,700
intention invoke, the spirits of
water and Earth to restore 

6158
05:24:40,700 --> 05:24:42,300
balance to the woman's weakened 
body. 

6159
05:24:43,200 --> 05:24:45,800
As night deepened are remained 
by ethnic side. 

6160
05:24:45,800 --> 05:24:48,700
Tyler Lee applying policies of 
crushed herbs and Moss. 

6161
05:24:48,700 --> 05:24:51,900
He taught the village Midwife 
how to mix remedies of chamomile

6162
05:24:51,900 --> 05:24:54,700
and mint for calming sleep, 
instructing her carefully. 

6163
05:24:54,700 --> 05:24:57,500
So the healing whizdom could 
stay long after he'd gone. 

6164
05:24:59,100 --> 05:25:02,000
The villagers moved quietly 
around him offering food. 

6165
05:25:02,000 --> 05:25:05,200
He gently declined his Focus 
entirely on his patient. 

6166
05:25:06,300 --> 05:25:09,800
By Dawn as breathing had 
steadied her skinless feverish 

6167
05:25:09,800 --> 05:25:12,400
to the touch. 
She opened her eyes slowly 

6168
05:25:12,400 --> 05:25:15,500
looking at I added with a 
mixture of confusion and 

6169
05:25:15,500 --> 05:25:19,300
gratitude. 
Rest, he whispered softly the 

6170
05:25:19,300 --> 05:25:21,800
danger has passed but your body 
is still weak. 

6171
05:25:23,000 --> 05:25:26,400
Relief washed visibly through 
the cottage quiet smiles and 

6172
05:25:26,400 --> 05:25:29,000
whispered prayers of thanks. 
Spreading among the gathered 

6173
05:25:29,000 --> 05:25:32,000
family and Neighbors. 
Aired stepped outside into the 

6174
05:25:32,000 --> 05:25:35,000
cool morning. 
Air inhaling deeply as the first

6175
05:25:35,000 --> 05:25:37,100
rays of sunlight filtered 
through the trees. 

6176
05:25:37,100 --> 05:25:40,500
He felt drained but satisfied, 
knowing he had done. 

6177
05:25:40,500 --> 05:25:43,500
What he could later that day. 
He sat beside the stream 

6178
05:25:43,500 --> 05:25:46,700
teaching, a group of children, 
who gather around him eager and 

6179
05:25:46,700 --> 05:25:49,900
curious, he showed them plants 
that grew wild nearby. 

6180
05:25:49,900 --> 05:25:52,000
How Nettles could soothe 
inflammation? 

6181
05:25:52,000 --> 05:25:55,400
How elderberrys could fortify 
the body against illness and how

6182
05:25:55,408 --> 05:25:57,700
careful observation was the 
healers greatest tool? 

6183
05:25:59,300 --> 05:26:03,200
as evening approached aired 
prepared, to depart Ethnus 

6184
05:26:03,200 --> 05:26:06,400
father approached him pressing a
small carved token into his 

6185
05:26:06,408 --> 05:26:08,700
hand. 
An intricate pattern symbolizing

6186
05:26:08,700 --> 05:26:12,500
gratitude and protection. 
Your kindness will never be 

6187
05:26:12,500 --> 05:26:14,400
forgotten. 
The Smith said, solemnly. 

6188
05:26:15,100 --> 05:26:18,100
Aired bowed, his head 
respectfully, knowing this token

6189
05:26:18,100 --> 05:26:21,900
was not just gratitude, but a 
reminder of the Sacred bond 

6190
05:26:21,900 --> 05:26:25,600
between healer and Community. 
He took the carving into his 

6191
05:26:25,600 --> 05:26:30,000
Satchel feeling its warmth 
against his palm. walking away 

6192
05:26:30,000 --> 05:26:33,800
ahead sensed profound 
interconnectedness of all, then 

6193
05:26:33,800 --> 05:26:38,200
the things the delicate balance 
of Life, The Quiet Dignity of 

6194
05:26:38,208 --> 05:26:41,400
suffering, and the resilience 
inherent in every living being 

6195
05:26:42,300 --> 05:26:45,100
His footsteps were quiet, 
carrying him toward the next 

6196
05:26:45,100 --> 05:26:48,400
place that might need him aware.
That healing was not just The 

6197
05:26:48,400 --> 05:26:51,200
Mending of bodies that the 
weaving together were alive. 

6198
05:26:51,200 --> 05:26:55,100
Stories and Futures. 
The Great Hall at Domino's, was 

6199
05:26:55,100 --> 05:26:57,400
alive with the firelight 
flickering over carved. 

6200
05:26:57,400 --> 05:26:59,600
Wooden beams. 
Yes, thick with tension 

6201
05:26:59,600 --> 05:27:02,000
Warrior's and clansmen line. 
The walls. 

6202
05:27:02,000 --> 05:27:05,400
There are arms folded tightly. 
Their expressions are blend of 

6203
05:27:05,400 --> 05:27:09,600
Pride and weary anticipation. 
Two noble families, stood apart 

6204
05:27:09,600 --> 05:27:12,200
of oxides of the room. 
Each led by their respective 

6205
05:27:12,200 --> 05:27:14,900
Chief Dunes, their eyes locked 
in mutual suspicion. 

6206
05:27:16,000 --> 05:27:18,700
Between them stood Aid, his 
white robes glowing softly. 

6207
05:27:18,700 --> 05:27:20,600
In the dim light he had been 
summoned. 

6208
05:27:20,600 --> 05:27:23,300
Urgently a few that had simmered
for Generations. 

6209
05:27:23,300 --> 05:27:26,300
Now threatened open conflict 
spilling into violence and 

6210
05:27:26,300 --> 05:27:29,000
bloodshed. 
He arrived quietly traveling 

6211
05:27:29,000 --> 05:27:31,900
alone with no Entourage or 
guards, the weight of 

6212
05:27:31,908 --> 05:27:34,200
responsibility pressed heavily 
upon him yet. 

6213
05:27:34,200 --> 05:27:37,900
He stood calm Silent pillow. 
Amid the stormy emotions. 

6214
05:27:38,900 --> 05:27:42,800
Speak Ed began quietly, his 
voice steady yet resonant. 

6215
05:27:42,800 --> 05:27:45,100
The hall, fell into immediate 
silence. 

6216
05:27:45,100 --> 05:27:47,600
Let your grievances be heard 
clearly. 

6217
05:27:48,700 --> 05:27:51,700
The first Chieftain, a large 
formidable man named Connell 

6218
05:27:51,700 --> 05:27:53,500
stepped forward. 
His voice. 

6219
05:27:53,500 --> 05:27:55,000
Trembling with barely 
suppressed. 

6220
05:27:55,000 --> 05:27:57,500
Anger. 
Your accounted a tale of stolen 

6221
05:27:57,500 --> 05:28:00,100
livestock violated boundaries 
and broken promises. 

6222
05:28:00,100 --> 05:28:02,200
Dating back to his father's 
father's time. 

6223
05:28:03,000 --> 05:28:06,200
His words painted the Rival 
families as aggressors greedy 

6224
05:28:06,200 --> 05:28:09,500
and untrustworthy. 
Next spoke fintan slender but 

6225
05:28:09,500 --> 05:28:13,100
Fierce eyes blazing with pride. 
His story was just as 

6226
05:28:13,100 --> 05:28:16,400
impassioned, weaving and 
Narrative of betrayal and just 

6227
05:28:16,400 --> 05:28:20,000
accusation and honor. 
Each side presented their case, 

6228
05:28:20,000 --> 05:28:22,600
passionately drawing, murmurs 
and nods of agreement. 

6229
05:28:22,600 --> 05:28:24,500
From their supporters 
throughout. 

6230
05:28:24,500 --> 05:28:27,500
Aired listened without 
interruption his face, betraying

6231
05:28:27,500 --> 05:28:31,000
neither judgment or favoritism. 
He allowed the torrent of anger 

6232
05:28:31,000 --> 05:28:34,300
and accusation to flow freely 
knowing that only by emptying 

6233
05:28:34,300 --> 05:28:35,900
their bitterness fully could 
peace. 

6234
05:28:35,900 --> 05:28:38,200
Begin to grow. 
And both sides had finished 

6235
05:28:38,200 --> 05:28:40,300
silence. 
Once again, settled over the 

6236
05:28:40,300 --> 05:28:44,800
room, heavy and expectant, I had
stepped forward his eyes Meeting

6237
05:28:44,800 --> 05:28:48,500
those of each chieftain in turn 
holding their gazes firmly yet. 

6238
05:28:48,500 --> 05:28:52,400
Gently, You speak of stolen 
cattle, broken Oaths, and 

6239
05:28:52,408 --> 05:28:54,000
injured Pride. 
He began softly. 

6240
05:28:54,000 --> 05:28:57,000
But at the heart of your words, 
lies pain and misunderstanding 

6241
05:28:57,000 --> 05:29:01,100
land is shared not owned. 
You can return cattle but you 

6242
05:29:01,100 --> 05:29:03,000
must rebuild trust once you've 
broken it. 

6243
05:29:04,200 --> 05:29:08,100
He spoke slowly carefully, 
invoking stories and Parables 

6244
05:29:08,100 --> 05:29:11,000
from ancient wisdom. 
Tales familiar yet poignant. 

6245
05:29:11,800 --> 05:29:14,700
He spoke of Legendary Heroes, 
who overcame pride and revenge 

6246
05:29:14,700 --> 05:29:17,400
and of wise ancestors who 
understood the power of 

6247
05:29:17,400 --> 05:29:21,000
forgiveness and Reconciliation. 
As his words filled the hall, 

6248
05:29:21,000 --> 05:29:24,300
IDE moved among the assembled 
Warriors touching shoulders, 

6249
05:29:24,300 --> 05:29:27,500
looking into eyes and Bridging 
the physical distance between 

6250
05:29:27,500 --> 05:29:30,500
the divided clams. 
He reminded them that unity and 

6251
05:29:30,500 --> 05:29:33,100
peace, were not signs of 
weakness, but the highest form 

6252
05:29:33,100 --> 05:29:35,800
of strength, Finally, he 
returned to the center of the 

6253
05:29:35,800 --> 05:29:37,800
hall, addressing both Chiefs and
directly. 

6254
05:29:38,700 --> 05:29:41,100
Let there be no talk of blame or
Vengeance. 

6255
05:29:41,100 --> 05:29:45,300
He said feel instead, Let each 
family, give a gift. 

6256
05:29:45,300 --> 05:29:48,900
One cow from each herd Exchange 
in Friendship. 

6257
05:29:48,900 --> 05:29:52,500
Let your sons and daughters meet
openly at the next Festival. 

6258
05:29:52,500 --> 05:29:55,800
Not as Rivals. 
But as king Bound by renewed. 

6259
05:29:55,800 --> 05:29:58,200
Peace. 
Connell and fintan exchange, 

6260
05:29:58,200 --> 05:30:03,300
long uncertain glances slowly. 
The tension began to add Connell

6261
05:30:03,300 --> 05:30:05,200
stepped forward. 
First extending his hand. 

6262
05:30:05,200 --> 05:30:08,100
Solemnly toward his rival may 
peace. 

6263
05:30:08,100 --> 05:30:12,500
Restore what anger took? 
He said gruffly fintan hesitated

6264
05:30:12,500 --> 05:30:15,700
and classed. 
The offered hand May our 

6265
05:30:15,700 --> 05:30:18,600
children walk together where we 
once stood apart, he responded 

6266
05:30:18,600 --> 05:30:21,900
firmly. 
Cheers erupted hesitant at first

6267
05:30:21,900 --> 05:30:25,600
then louder and more confident. 
The Warriors relaxed, their 

6268
05:30:25,600 --> 05:30:28,400
postures easing, smiles and 
laughter breaking through the 

6269
05:30:28,400 --> 05:30:32,000
previously tense atmosphere 
aired, stepped back quietly 

6270
05:30:32,000 --> 05:30:34,300
content. 
That is counselor had steered 

6271
05:30:34,300 --> 05:30:37,800
the clowns away from violence. 
later that evening as the clown 

6272
05:30:37,800 --> 05:30:40,800
celebrated, their new found a 
cord aired, sat quietly beside 

6273
05:30:40,800 --> 05:30:44,000
the half, Sipping, warm Mead and
reflecting on the evening's 

6274
05:30:44,000 --> 05:30:46,600
events. 
That true peace required 

6275
05:30:46,600 --> 05:30:50,600
vigilance and continued guidance
yet, for now the cycle of anger 

6276
05:30:50,600 --> 05:30:54,200
and retaliation had been broken 
replaced by tentative friendship

6277
05:30:54,200 --> 05:30:57,000
and renewed. 
Hope the Chiefs approached him 

6278
05:30:57,000 --> 05:31:01,000
again offering gratitude aired 
smiled warmly, reminding them 

6279
05:31:01,000 --> 05:31:05,400
gently, Piece is not achieved in
a single evening, nurture this 

6280
05:31:05,400 --> 05:31:08,700
agreement water, it with trust 
and patience and it will bear 

6281
05:31:08,700 --> 05:31:13,300
fruit for Generations. 
Under the glow of the firelight 

6282
05:31:13,300 --> 05:31:16,600
his words, resonated deeply 
reinforcing the bonds freshly 

6283
05:31:16,600 --> 05:31:19,700
made. 
As he left the hall, walking 

6284
05:31:19,700 --> 05:31:23,200
into the moonlit night Aid, felt
the quiet satisfaction of a 

6285
05:31:23,200 --> 05:31:24,200
purpose. 
Fulfilled. 

6286
05:31:24,200 --> 05:31:27,300
He knew his role was far from 
over yet. 

6287
05:31:27,300 --> 05:31:30,200
Tonight, his voice of council 
had brought Harmony to Discord 

6288
05:31:30,200 --> 05:31:33,800
turning bitter enemies into 
cautious, friends, the sacred 

6289
05:31:33,800 --> 05:31:37,300
Oaks stood majestically its narw
branches spreading wide. 

6290
05:31:37,300 --> 05:31:39,900
Casting dappled Shadows upon the
moss covered clearing. 

6291
05:31:40,600 --> 05:31:44,300
This Oak was not just ancient, 
it was revered, a Living 

6292
05:31:44,300 --> 05:31:46,600
testament to generations of 
druidic wisdom. 

6293
05:31:47,600 --> 05:31:50,700
I had stood beneath its massive 
limbs his white robe, 

6294
05:31:50,700 --> 05:31:53,500
illuminated by shafts of 
sunlight filtering through the 

6295
05:31:53,500 --> 05:31:55,700
leaves. 
Gathered around him with 

6296
05:31:55,700 --> 05:31:59,100
villagers and Warrior each face 
etched with anxiety and 

6297
05:31:59,100 --> 05:32:02,000
curiosity. 
Today the Oak Grove served as a 

6298
05:32:02,008 --> 05:32:04,900
court where Justice would be 
decided not by sword or might 

6299
05:32:04,900 --> 05:32:07,600
but by careful consideration and
wisdom. 

6300
05:32:08,400 --> 05:32:11,100
It had been summoned to judge a 
matter of grave importance. 

6301
05:32:11,100 --> 05:32:14,600
A young Warrior Castle was 
accused of stealing cattle. 

6302
05:32:14,600 --> 05:32:17,100
A crime. 
Severe enough to ignite Clan 

6303
05:32:17,100 --> 05:32:19,900
Warfare. 
Castle stood defiantly at the 

6304
05:32:19,900 --> 05:32:24,000
Grove's Edge, arms crossed, his 
expression stubborn yet tinged 

6305
05:32:24,000 --> 05:32:26,100
with fear. 
Opposite him. 

6306
05:32:26,100 --> 05:32:28,600
Stood Fergus. 
An older Warrior renowned for 

6307
05:32:28,600 --> 05:32:30,900
bravery and honor whose cattle 
had been taken. 

6308
05:32:31,700 --> 05:32:34,400
Fergus is eyes were dark with 
anger, his fists. 

6309
05:32:34,400 --> 05:32:37,000
Clenched at his sides aired 
raised. 

6310
05:32:37,000 --> 05:32:40,400
His hand signaling silence. 
He began with a clear steady 

6311
05:32:40,400 --> 05:32:44,600
voice. 
Plainly that truth might emerge 

6312
05:32:44,600 --> 05:32:48,500
from the shadow of accusation. 
Fergus stepped forward, 

6313
05:32:48,500 --> 05:32:50,900
recounting the theft with 
passionate conviction, 

6314
05:32:50,900 --> 05:32:54,800
describing the prized cattle, 
and the devastating loss to his 

6315
05:32:54,800 --> 05:32:57,400
family. 
His words, resonated deeply 

6316
05:32:57,400 --> 05:33:01,100
among the crowd drawing, murmurs
of sympathy Catholic, however 

6317
05:33:01,100 --> 05:33:04,100
maintained his innocence 
fiercely insisting. 

6318
05:33:04,100 --> 05:33:07,300
He was wrongly, accused his 
voice shaking with frustration, 

6319
05:33:07,300 --> 05:33:09,600
his friends stood behind him 
murmuring. 

6320
05:33:09,600 --> 05:33:12,300
Support eyes darting nervously 
between him and aired. 

6321
05:33:12,300 --> 05:33:16,100
Listening carefully ahead 
detected, discrepancies, not 

6322
05:33:16,100 --> 05:33:19,900
deliberate falsehoods, but 
misunderstanding of anger and 

6323
05:33:19,900 --> 05:33:22,200
haste. 
He called forth Witnesses, from 

6324
05:33:22,200 --> 05:33:25,600
both sides, questioning them 
patiently, coaxing, fourth 

6325
05:33:25,600 --> 05:33:29,200
details with gentle, but firm 
probing, you watch their faces 

6326
05:33:29,200 --> 05:33:32,600
noting subtle shifts in posture,
tone and expression. 

6327
05:33:33,500 --> 05:33:37,000
Finally, aired step toward the 
oak laying his hand upon its 

6328
05:33:37,000 --> 05:33:39,100
rough bark. 
Truth. 

6329
05:33:39,100 --> 05:33:43,600
He declared quietly is not a 
sword to cut through lies, but a

6330
05:33:43,600 --> 05:33:47,000
root that grows slowly hidden 
from sight until it reveals 

6331
05:33:47,000 --> 05:33:49,800
itself. 
He turned to Castle asking 

6332
05:33:49,800 --> 05:33:52,700
Softly. 
Have you ever seen these cattle?

6333
05:33:53,900 --> 05:33:56,600
Cattle. 
Hesitated then shook his head 

6334
05:33:56,600 --> 05:34:00,900
earnestly. 
No I swear upon my ancestors. 

6335
05:34:01,900 --> 05:34:06,000
I had turned back to Fergus. 
Could another perhaps seek to 

6336
05:34:06,000 --> 05:34:09,300
benefit from your loss? 
Is there someone who's absence 

6337
05:34:09,300 --> 05:34:11,200
you overlooked while feeling 
angry? 

6338
05:34:12,000 --> 05:34:15,500
Fergus Paul's and certainly 
flickering across his Stern 

6339
05:34:15,500 --> 05:34:18,400
face. 
You look back at his men doubt 

6340
05:34:18,400 --> 05:34:20,100
beginning to creep into his 
expression. 

6341
05:34:20,900 --> 05:34:25,400
Perhaps, he had admitted 
reluctantly ahead, nodded Search

6342
05:34:25,400 --> 05:34:26,500
your own house. 
First. 

6343
05:34:26,500 --> 05:34:30,500
He advised calmly. 
The truth often lies closest to 

6344
05:34:30,500 --> 05:34:34,000
where trust is strongest. 
Reluctantly Fergus. 

6345
05:34:34,000 --> 05:34:37,100
Agreed ordering his Warriors to 
search carefully and fairly. 

6346
05:34:37,800 --> 05:34:41,700
Hours passed as tension, lingard
villagers Whispering anxiously 

6347
05:34:41,700 --> 05:34:44,000
while waiting Beneath The Oaks 
watchful presents. 

6348
05:34:44,800 --> 05:34:48,000
Finally a group returned 
bringing with them, a youth 

6349
05:34:48,000 --> 05:34:52,500
named Ronan Ferguson, guilt and 
shame etched deeply into his 

6350
05:34:52,500 --> 05:34:54,600
face. 
Ronan confessed. 

6351
05:34:54,600 --> 05:34:57,700
Explaining, his actions were 
born of envy and Foolish Pride. 

6352
05:34:57,700 --> 05:35:00,000
Fergus stared in shock and 
sorrow. 

6353
05:35:00,000 --> 05:35:02,300
His anger melting into 
disappointment. 

6354
05:35:03,300 --> 05:35:06,600
The crowd murmured softly eyes 
moving between the cousin and 

6355
05:35:06,608 --> 05:35:10,500
aired awaiting judgment. 
I had approached Ronan his gaze 

6356
05:35:10,500 --> 05:35:14,300
firm but compassionate, 
restitution must be made, but 

6357
05:35:14,300 --> 05:35:16,800
forgiveness can heal wounds 
deeper than punishment. 

6358
05:35:17,700 --> 05:35:21,500
He turned toward Fergus except a
fair Penance, then let anger 

6359
05:35:21,500 --> 05:35:23,900
Espeon this Oak replaced by 
wisdom and mercy. 

6360
05:35:24,700 --> 05:35:28,200
Fergus nodded his shoulders 
relaxing, he embraced, Ronan 

6361
05:35:28,200 --> 05:35:31,900
acknowledging family, bonds 
Stronger Than Pride Castle. 

6362
05:35:31,900 --> 05:35:36,500
Exonerated sighed deeply 
gratitude, filling his eyes as 

6363
05:35:36,500 --> 05:35:39,600
he bowed to aired. 
As villagers dispersed peaceful 

6364
05:35:39,600 --> 05:35:43,100
Justice had been served, not 
through Vengeance but through 

6365
05:35:43,100 --> 05:35:47,300
understanding and restoration I 
had remained briefly beneath the

6366
05:35:47,308 --> 05:35:49,700
oak. 
Its silence strength reinforcing

6367
05:35:49,700 --> 05:35:51,400
his role. 
Justice. 

6368
05:35:51,400 --> 05:35:56,000
He was more than judgment, it 
was balanced patience and mercy 

6369
05:35:56,000 --> 05:35:59,000
woven tightly together, beneath 
the shade of wisdoms. 

6370
05:35:59,000 --> 05:36:02,600
Ancient branches ahead stood at 
the top of a solitary Hill, 

6371
05:36:02,600 --> 05:36:05,400
beneath the vast expanse of 
night, where the heaven 

6372
05:36:05,400 --> 05:36:10,400
stretched endlessly above It was
a sacred Place marked by a 

6373
05:36:10,408 --> 05:36:13,500
circle of ancient Stones, whose 
purpose Only The Druids 

6374
05:36:13,500 --> 05:36:15,800
remembered. 
He wrapped his cloak tighter 

6375
05:36:15,800 --> 05:36:18,400
against the biting wind eyes 
lifted toward the 

6376
05:36:18,400 --> 05:36:21,900
constellations. 
Star each subtle shift in the 

6377
05:36:21,900 --> 05:36:25,400
heavens whispered Secrets known 
only to those who watched with 

6378
05:36:25,400 --> 05:36:29,300
patients and reverence. 
Tonight was the Winter Solstice.

6379
05:36:30,000 --> 05:36:33,400
The longest night when darkness 
held Sway and the boundary 

6380
05:36:33,400 --> 05:36:37,100
between worlds grew thin Stars. 
Cleaned brightly, clear and 

6381
05:36:37,100 --> 05:36:40,800
sharp in the Frigidaire around 
him villagers gathered quietly. 

6382
05:36:40,800 --> 05:36:43,200
Their breath visible. 
In the cold waiting guidance, 

6383
05:36:43,200 --> 05:36:46,600
for the year ahead. 
Ahead, raise his staff carved 

6384
05:36:46,600 --> 05:36:49,200
with symbols representing with 
cycles of the Moon and the Sun 

6385
05:36:49,200 --> 05:36:52,100
and began to speak softly, his 
voice. 

6386
05:36:52,100 --> 05:36:55,700
Carried through the silence 
gentle yet filled with quiet 

6387
05:36:55,700 --> 05:36:59,300
Authority. 
Tonight, darkness is strongest. 

6388
05:36:59,300 --> 05:37:04,600
But even now the wheel, turns, 
the sun returns rebirth follows 

6389
05:37:04,600 --> 05:37:08,700
Darkness as spring follows 
winter, watch closely and you'll

6390
05:37:08,700 --> 05:37:12,800
see your lives mirrored in the 
stars of The villagers watched 

6391
05:37:12,800 --> 05:37:15,600
him, intently their eyes filled 
with wonder and Trust. 

6392
05:37:16,400 --> 05:37:19,600
It depended on his insights for 
planting harvesting travel and 

6393
05:37:19,600 --> 05:37:22,400
celebrations. 
He was not merely a sage but a 

6394
05:37:22,400 --> 05:37:26,200
vital guide for their daily 
lives Pointing skywards, aired 

6395
05:37:26,200 --> 05:37:27,400
trace. 
The outline of familiar 

6396
05:37:27,400 --> 05:37:30,000
patterns, the plow, the Hunter 
and the serpent. 

6397
05:37:30,000 --> 05:37:33,700
He spoke of how the hunters path
for told the coming cold and how

6398
05:37:33,700 --> 05:37:37,400
the plows position indicated the
right time for planting He 

6399
05:37:37,400 --> 05:37:39,800
explained patiently how the 
movement of the planets subtle 

6400
05:37:39,800 --> 05:37:43,600
but unnerving, guided decisions 
on marriages battles and 

6401
05:37:43,600 --> 05:37:46,800
Journeys. 
As he spoke aired words with 

6402
05:37:46,800 --> 05:37:50,400
images in the minds of listeners
linking, their Earthly lives to 

6403
05:37:50,400 --> 05:37:53,400
the vast Cosmic order. 
He gently reminded them that 

6404
05:37:53,400 --> 05:37:57,000
they were bound to the Earth but
also Children of the Stars, each

6405
05:37:57,000 --> 05:37:59,300
life reflecting the broader 
rhythm of existence. 

6406
05:38:01,000 --> 05:38:03,700
He then turned the younger 
villagers explaining patiently. 

6407
05:38:04,500 --> 05:38:07,800
Each of you has a star that 
watches your path guide you 

6408
05:38:07,800 --> 05:38:12,000
toward your destiny, learn to 
find your star to read its 

6409
05:38:12,000 --> 05:38:15,600
subtle language. 
A young girl raised her hand 

6410
05:38:15,600 --> 05:38:18,400
timidly her eyes wide with 
curiosity. 

6411
05:38:19,300 --> 05:38:23,900
How do we find our star Druid 
aired smiled warmly your staff 

6412
05:38:23,900 --> 05:38:26,500
finds? 
You first in moments of quiet 

6413
05:38:26,500 --> 05:38:29,700
and a clear skies, you will feel
its gaze. 

6414
05:38:29,700 --> 05:38:33,100
Listen closely and it will 
whisper your purpose. 

6415
05:38:34,500 --> 05:38:36,900
Throughout the night. 
He taught them patiently 

6416
05:38:36,900 --> 05:38:40,100
describing how to read Omens 
from the flights of birds, the 

6417
05:38:40,100 --> 05:38:42,600
patterns of clouds, and the 
positions of the Stars. 

6418
05:38:42,600 --> 05:38:45,300
His voice remained calm and 
reassuring. 

6419
05:38:45,300 --> 05:38:48,100
Weaving understanding among the 
gathered villages. 

6420
05:38:49,300 --> 05:38:51,400
Has Dawn began to pale the 
Eastern Horizon. 

6421
05:38:51,400 --> 05:38:53,500
I had lowered his staff 
concluding. 

6422
05:38:53,500 --> 05:38:56,700
The knights teachings, the 
villagers dispersed quietly 

6423
05:38:56,700 --> 05:39:01,600
Hearts uplifted their Spirits 
boyed by Newfound Clarity aired,

6424
05:39:01,600 --> 05:39:04,600
remained behind gazing 
thoughtfully upward as the Stars

6425
05:39:04,600 --> 05:39:08,300
began to fade. he felt the quiet
satisfaction of a task, 

6426
05:39:08,300 --> 05:39:12,200
fulfilled of knowledge, shared 
In this Sacred Space between 

6427
05:39:12,200 --> 05:39:15,600
Earth and Sky, are reaffirmed, 
his role, not only as a watcher 

6428
05:39:15,600 --> 05:39:18,700
of celestial movements, but as a
keeper of balance, ensuring that

6429
05:39:18,708 --> 05:39:21,400
his people lived hernia, with 
the rhythms of the natural 

6430
05:39:21,400 --> 05:39:24,000
world. 
As the first light touch the 

6431
05:39:24,000 --> 05:39:27,600
ancient Stones, he felt a deep 
connection knowing that in 

6432
05:39:27,608 --> 05:39:30,500
guiding others to watch the 
skies, he helped them navigate 

6433
05:39:30,500 --> 05:39:32,400
the complexities of their lives 
below. 

6434
05:39:32,400 --> 05:39:36,300
The sky was Heavy with fog and 
the center of burning wood. 

6435
05:39:36,300 --> 05:39:39,300
Filled the air as aired stood 
Atop The Hill, overlooking his 

6436
05:39:39,300 --> 05:39:42,600
village as usual. 
The Romans had come their 

6437
05:39:42,600 --> 05:39:45,400
Legions marching inexorably 
through lands that had remained 

6438
05:39:45,400 --> 05:39:49,500
untouched for Generations. 
As Villages come to Conquest 

6439
05:39:49,500 --> 05:39:53,600
fires dotted, The Horizon 
signaling Devastation and Flames

6440
05:39:53,600 --> 05:39:55,700
consumed forests and sacred 
Grove's. 

6441
05:39:56,400 --> 05:39:58,300
Aired. 
Now, older with silver threads 

6442
05:39:58,300 --> 05:40:01,700
in his hair, watched quietly, a 
deep sorrow etched into his 

6443
05:40:01,700 --> 05:40:03,900
features. 
His life's work had been 

6444
05:40:03,908 --> 05:40:06,900
dedicated to nurturing balance 
to preserve in the sacred 

6445
05:40:06,900 --> 05:40:09,000
knowledge passed down through. 
Countless Generations. 

6446
05:40:09,000 --> 05:40:12,700
Now that Legacy seemed 
threatened by the Relentless 

6447
05:40:12,700 --> 05:40:15,800
Advanced of Roman power. 
He gathered the remaining 

6448
05:40:15,800 --> 05:40:19,100
villagers who had fled to the 
hill for Refuge fear, filled 

6449
05:40:19,100 --> 05:40:23,000
their eyes, despair evident in 
their tents postures ads 

6450
05:40:23,000 --> 05:40:24,800
presence. 
However, remained steady, and 

6451
05:40:24,800 --> 05:40:28,700
reassuring, providing a beacon 
of calm, a mid chaos, gather 

6452
05:40:28,700 --> 05:40:31,200
around. 
He spoke his voice firm, but 

6453
05:40:31,200 --> 05:40:33,300
gentle cutting through their 
anxiety. 

6454
05:40:33,300 --> 05:40:37,000
We can't control the fires 
around us, but we can protect 

6455
05:40:37,000 --> 05:40:40,400
the flame within our knowledge, 
traditions and spirit. 

6456
05:40:41,300 --> 05:40:44,500
He knelt scooping Earth into his
hands feeling its familiar 

6457
05:40:44,500 --> 05:40:46,700
warmth and resilience the 
villagers. 

6458
05:40:46,700 --> 05:40:49,600
Watched him their breathing 
slowing their Panic easing under

6459
05:40:49,600 --> 05:40:52,900
his calm Authority. 
This land seemed countless 

6460
05:40:52,900 --> 05:40:55,000
Seasons. 
He had continued Softly. 

6461
05:40:56,100 --> 05:40:59,500
Survived Wars where the storms 
and will endure. 

6462
05:40:59,500 --> 05:41:02,300
Even this. 
Our true strength lies, not in 

6463
05:41:02,300 --> 05:41:04,300
walls, or weapons, but in memory
and tradition. 

6464
05:41:04,300 --> 05:41:07,600
We carry the sacred flame within
us passed down through 

6465
05:41:07,600 --> 05:41:10,300
generations. 
No enemy can extinguish it. 

6466
05:41:11,200 --> 05:41:14,300
He stood facing each villager in
turn his eyes filled with quiet 

6467
05:41:14,300 --> 05:41:17,800
determination. 
Our task now is to protect this 

6468
05:41:17,800 --> 05:41:20,300
flame and ensure it continues to
burn brightly within our 

6469
05:41:20,300 --> 05:41:24,600
children and their children 
after them as he spoke a 

6470
05:41:24,600 --> 05:41:28,200
directed, The Villagers to begin
preparation organizing them into

6471
05:41:28,200 --> 05:41:32,000
groups to gather what Provisions
remained, 10 to the wounded and 

6472
05:41:32,000 --> 05:41:34,500
find safe passage toward hidden 
Glen's deeper within the 

6473
05:41:34,500 --> 05:41:37,000
forests. 
Commit these urgent 

6474
05:41:37,000 --> 05:41:38,400
preparations. 
He moved quietly. 

6475
05:41:38,400 --> 05:41:42,200
Providing guidance and support, 
ensuring morale remains steady 

6476
05:41:43,300 --> 05:41:47,200
As night fell aired lit, a 
single fire at the hill its 

6477
05:41:47,200 --> 05:41:49,400
Flames. 
Casting flickering Shadows, he 

6478
05:41:49,400 --> 05:41:52,300
invited the villages to sit 
around it, sharing stories of 

6479
05:41:52,300 --> 05:41:55,600
Bravery, resilience and wisdom 
passed down through generations.

6480
05:41:56,300 --> 05:41:59,700
Each story carried a lesson, a 
subtle reinforcement of the 

6481
05:41:59,700 --> 05:42:01,700
strength inherent within their 
traditions. 

6482
05:42:02,500 --> 05:42:04,600
In the quiet that followed aired
addressed the group. 

6483
05:42:04,600 --> 05:42:08,100
Again, tomorrow we must move 
deeper into the forest to place 

6484
05:42:08,100 --> 05:42:11,100
his hidden from romanized. 
There we will preserve what 

6485
05:42:11,100 --> 05:42:15,500
matters most not our homes, but 
our heritage remember that even 

6486
05:42:15,500 --> 05:42:19,300
in darkness, Flames endure 
within our hearts, our memories 

6487
05:42:19,300 --> 05:42:24,200
and our stories, The villagers 
nodded solely, strengthened by 

6488
05:42:24,200 --> 05:42:27,300
his words, their despair 
replaced by determination. 

6489
05:42:28,300 --> 05:42:31,500
He had remained awake long after
they had settled staring into 

6490
05:42:31,500 --> 05:42:35,800
the fire reflecting on the cycle
of time. despite the rise and 

6491
05:42:35,800 --> 05:42:39,100
fall of Empires and the arrival 
and departure of conquerors, the

6492
05:42:39,100 --> 05:42:43,900
spirit of his people remained 
unwavering Adorned quietly into 

6493
05:42:43,900 --> 05:42:47,100
the deeper Woods leaving behind 
only the smoldering remnants of 

6494
05:42:47,100 --> 05:42:49,700
their former lives. 
Aired walked at the head, 

6495
05:42:49,700 --> 05:42:53,700
guiding them confidently towards
safety, knowing that his true 

6496
05:42:53,700 --> 05:42:57,300
purpose remained clear, it was 
not to resist violently, but to 

6497
05:42:57,300 --> 05:42:58,700
safeguard the soul of his 
people. 

6498
05:42:59,500 --> 05:43:03,300
Days turned to weeks and slowly 
the immediate threat faded as 

6499
05:43:03,300 --> 05:43:05,500
they established, a hidden 
settlement deep within the 

6500
05:43:05,508 --> 05:43:09,200
forest. 
I had continued teaching guiding

6501
05:43:09,200 --> 05:43:11,800
the younger villagers and 
druidic law, rituals and 

6502
05:43:11,800 --> 05:43:15,200
knowledge of the natural world. 
Each evening around the fire. 

6503
05:43:15,200 --> 05:43:18,700
He shared stories that the flame
of their Heritage continued to 

6504
05:43:18,700 --> 05:43:21,400
burn brightly. 
Years later as he lay on his 

6505
05:43:21,400 --> 05:43:25,400
deathbed piece. 
Surrounded by villagers whose 

6506
05:43:25,400 --> 05:43:26,900
lives, he had touched 
profoundly. 

6507
05:43:26,900 --> 05:43:30,800
He whispered, one final message.
Remember the Flames? 

6508
05:43:30,800 --> 05:43:33,600
We guard are Eternal carried, 
forward, through memory and 

6509
05:43:33,600 --> 05:43:37,600
love. 
His Spirit passed gently leaving

6510
05:43:37,600 --> 05:43:41,100
behind a legacy that no 
conqueror could extinguish the 

6511
05:43:41,100 --> 05:43:42,900
villages honored him beneath the
stars. 

6512
05:43:42,900 --> 05:43:46,400
Sharing stories repeating 
Lessons Learned and vowing to 

6513
05:43:46,400 --> 05:43:50,100
carry forward his teachings and 
in their hearts, the flame aired

6514
05:43:50,100 --> 05:43:52,900
had protected continued to burn 
brightly unyielding. 

6515
05:43:52,900 --> 05:43:56,000
Guiding them through Darkness 
toward enduring light,