Jack Frost in the Garden | All About Frost and Freezes
Is frost really a bad thing for plants? Find out the difference between a frost, and a freeze, and when to take action against them. Plus, hear the benefits of snow in the garden. Featured shrub, Oso Easy Ice Bay rose.
2025-12-13
44 min
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<v Speaker 1>Broadcasting from Studio A here at proven Winters, color Choice Shrubs. <v Speaker 1>It's time for the Gardening Simplified Show with Stacey Hervella, me, <v Speaker 1>Rick Weist, and our engineer and producer Adrianna Robinson. Today <v Speaker 1>we talk about mister Jack Frost. Yeah, he originates from <v Speaker 1>ancient folklore as a personification of winter, a mischievous spirit <v Speaker 1>or character. He nips at your nose, he paints frost <v Speaker 1>on the windows. He affects your plants in your garden, <v Speaker 1>and you know, you wonder people view him as a <v Speaker 1>playful character like in modern Christmas tales and pop culture. <v Speaker 1>Is he mischievous or villainous or sinister? Well, there's an <v Speaker 1>old saying that goes A good winter with snow makes <v Speaker 1>all the plants grow. And I believe that because many plants, <v Speaker 1>just like you and I, need some R and RS dormancy, <v Speaker 1>a period of rest, and fortunately dormancy is reversible. Without <v Speaker 1>cold temperatures, the plants won't receive the signal to grow <v Speaker 1>in spring and use everything that's been stored in that <v Speaker 1>root system over winter. And Stacey, living here along the <v Speaker 1>lake shore here in Michigan, I have found that cold <v Speaker 1>is a very natural thing yes, we complain about it, <v Speaker 1>but it can be beneficial. We see that with the <v Speaker 1>Great Lakes, the Great Lakes dealing with invasive species, or <v Speaker 1>some of the fish in the Great Lakes need cold, <v Speaker 1>or in a year where we don't get much cold <v Speaker 1>and ice cover, we have problems with the lgae blooms <v Speaker 1>in summer. So cold essentially and jack frost are all <v Speaker 1>part of the natural cycle. <v Speaker 2>It really is. And yes, we definitely have our complaints <v Speaker 2>about it, especially well when people always say like, well, <v Speaker 2>if it's going to be cold, it might as well snow, <v Speaker 2>you know, belooney, because when that happens, all you have <v Speaker 2>to do is be out in the ding dang cold <v Speaker 2>shoveling all the snow that just fell. Excuse me, I <v Speaker 2>have strong feelings about that particular saying that seems to <v Speaker 2>go around here in Michigan. But yes, absolutely it does <v Speaker 2>have lots of positives for plants and for pests and <v Speaker 2>for drought. So you know, I just saw something yesterday <v Speaker 2>that said that the heavy snowfall that we've had has <v Speaker 2>already been helping to alleviate the severe drought that much <v Speaker 2>of the state has been in. And well, it's not <v Speaker 2>so much about the moisture necessarily that the snow is <v Speaker 2>contributing to the groundwater, although that certainly helps. Having this <v Speaker 2>much snow covering the ground is conserving the groundwater that <v Speaker 2>we do have, whereas if we didn't have all this snow, <v Speaker 2>more water would just be evaporating from the wind and <v Speaker 2>the sun and all of that. So I I can <v Speaker 2>excuse the two plus feet of snow in early December <v Speaker 2>if it does indeed alleviate our drought. <v Speaker 1>Well well said, and of course along with moisture, and <v Speaker 1>we'll get to it, snow is important insulation in many <v Speaker 1>cases also for plants. And to put this in context <v Speaker 1>for our viewers and listeners, Yeah, Jack, frost and the <v Speaker 1>snow hang around here a lot, especially this year the <v Speaker 1>polar vortex years of twenty thirteen through two thoy fifteen, <v Speaker 1>I averaged around one hundred and thirty inches of snow <v Speaker 1>at my house. The annual average snow fall at my <v Speaker 1>house in the area where I live is right around <v Speaker 1>ninety five inches a year. And yes, we have a <v Speaker 1>lot of snow already this year, so we're well on <v Speaker 1>our way. But snow acts like a layer of insulation <v Speaker 1>to prevent extreme cold temperatures from harming plants. As a <v Speaker 1>matter of fact, I would argue Stacy that in winters <v Speaker 1>when we haven't had much snow but it's been very cold, <v Speaker 1>I've seen more plant damage than when we've had a <v Speaker 1>lot of snow. <v Speaker 2>Oh. Absolutely, you know, is there is certainly a risk <v Speaker 2>of snow in plants. Obviously they can be very heavy <v Speaker 2>on the branches and close problems like that. But it <v Speaker 2>is the best thing for plants growing in a cold climate, <v Speaker 2>for hardy plants, is to have that insulation, that dormancy, <v Speaker 2>that protection. It makes all the difference, for sure, you bet. <v Speaker 1>And there, of course are many plants that love the cold. <v Speaker 1>It sounds silly to say, but they do. You take <v Speaker 1>plants like lilacs or holly's or a perennial like paeonies. <v Speaker 1>They laugh at the cold weather and they have no <v Speaker 1>problem with cold weather, and then when spring breaks, it's <v Speaker 1>all that much sweeter. <v Speaker 2>It really is. <v Speaker 1>Yeah, it is no question about it. Now. Even though <v Speaker 1>the words frost and freeze are used interchangeably, they do <v Speaker 1>mean different things, and plant foliage freezing points can vary widely, <v Speaker 1>but most tender plants suffer damage around thirty two degrees. <v Speaker 1>It's when you get into the twenties over a long <v Speaker 1>period of time that you get the deep freeze that <v Speaker 1>affects the cells of foliage and plants and can cause <v Speaker 1>some serious, sometimes long term damage. But everybody freaks out <v Speaker 1>around the first frost date or the the last frost <v Speaker 1>date in spring because the meteorologists are on television and <v Speaker 1>they're telling us to cover up your plants, but they're <v Speaker 1>not being specific about which plants to cover up. For example, <v Speaker 1>in spring, we're covering those tender plants that maybe we've <v Speaker 1>planted a little bit too soon, But the plants coming <v Speaker 1>out of dormancy are perfectly fine. That said, in spring, <v Speaker 1>when the time that we see a lot of damage <v Speaker 1>is when plants have broken dormancy, begun to foliate, and <v Speaker 1>then we get the Zinger twenty eight twenty five degree frost. <v Speaker 1>That's when you see people taking their blankets and their <v Speaker 1>sheets off their bed and putting them in the front yard. <v Speaker 2>Well, hopefully they have a spare set so that they <v Speaker 2>can get a good night's sleep while they're worried about <v Speaker 2>their plants. But yeah, they aren't the same thing. And <v Speaker 2>I think that not only are frosts and freezes very <v Speaker 2>different phenomenon and they are not necessarily correlated. You could <v Speaker 2>have a frost without a frieze, because you can actually <v Speaker 2>get a frost when it's as warm as thirty six <v Speaker 2>degrees for the air temperature, exactly. And you can have <v Speaker 2>a freeze without a frost, which actually more typically happens <v Speaker 2>because we need very specific conditions for an actual frost <v Speaker 2>to occur. The other thing that people need to understand <v Speaker 2>is that the way that we talk about frosts and <v Speaker 2>freezes in fall is dramatically different than how we talk <v Speaker 2>about frosts and freezes in spring exactly. And so you know, <v Speaker 2>I've seen so many people this year, and we talked <v Speaker 2>about it in an earlier episode this autumn freaking out <v Speaker 2>about you know, oh, it's the first frost. Do I <v Speaker 2>need to worry about my hydrangees. No, you don't need <v Speaker 2>to worry about it. In fall, that's just ushering them <v Speaker 2>gently or maybe not so gently, into dormancy, whereas in <v Speaker 2>spring we're talking about a totally different animal. So when <v Speaker 2>you read about frosts and freezes, you know, you really <v Speaker 2>need to keep in mind that it's a very positive <v Speaker 2>thing for plants. Most plants in the fall and winter. <v Speaker 2>It is a very negative thing for most plants in <v Speaker 2>the spring, so you can't just like kind of internalize <v Speaker 2>as knowledge and then apply it at either season. <v Speaker 1>No, you're right, that's that's a good way of putting it, Stacey. <v Speaker 1>And of course difference between frost and freeze, the analogy <v Speaker 1>I use is similar to a fungus on a plant. <v Speaker 1>You have certain fungus is that enter the vascular system <v Speaker 1>and destroy the plant. That would be like a freeze, <v Speaker 1>a frost many times or sometimes can just be surface <v Speaker 1>on the foliage, and again is just all part of <v Speaker 1>the natural process, so maintain your composture. Of course, cold <v Speaker 1>and freeze also important as it relates to stratification. Many <v Speaker 1>seeds need a cold period in order to when the <v Speaker 1>soil warms up in spring and we have moisture for <v Speaker 1>them to grow, so that's also an important aspect of it. <v Speaker 1>And then of course control of predatory, non native invasive insects. <v Speaker 1>There have been many studies done on a variety of <v Speaker 1>insects as it relates to the cold winter temperature and <v Speaker 1>whether or not they would have an effect on something, <v Speaker 1>let's say like emerald ash bore or other predatory insects. <v Speaker 1>All right, I tell you what I did for a <v Speaker 1>limerick this week is as opposed to a traditional limerick <v Speaker 1>I happened to at Christmas time. Enjoy mister Grinch. Oh okay, <v Speaker 1>but I rewrote mister Grinch. To mister Frost. You're a <v Speaker 1>mean one. Mister Frost. You really are a slime. You're <v Speaker 1>as cudly as a cactus. You're annoying as a wind chime. <v Speaker 1>Mister Frost. You're a peanut butter and jelly sandwich covered <v Speaker 1>in grime. You're a vile one, mister Frost. You have <v Speaker 1>aphids in your smile. You have all the tender sweetness <v Speaker 1>of a stagnant compost pile, mister Frost. Given the choice <v Speaker 1>between the two of you, I'd take the stagnet compost pile. <v Speaker 1>You're invasive, mister Frost. You're some nasty chameleon plants. Your <v Speaker 1>heart is full of fire ants. You can do full <v Speaker 1>of cants, mister Frost. The six words that best describe <v Speaker 1>you are as follows and I quote, uh oh oh no, <v Speaker 1>can't grow. You're frigid, mister Frost. Your forecast is icy cold. <v Speaker 1>Your hair looks just like nuts edge. You smell like <v Speaker 1>a marigold. You're as kinky hose in august with bart mulch, <v Speaker 1>covered in slime, mold and stored chemicals that got too old. <v Speaker 1>Can you tell I don't like cold weather? You're nasty, <v Speaker 1>mister Frost. You're a broken thermostat and a houseplant fungus gnat, <v Speaker 1>a bad case of powdery mildew, a fence invaded by kudzu. <v Speaker 1>You're a three decker sour kraut and toad stool sandwich <v Speaker 1>covered in composted doodoo. <v Speaker 2>Okay, can you do it again? But like Boris Karloff <v Speaker 2>because he's sang the original. Mister, I think we need <v Speaker 2>the bless Boris Karloff inspired version. <v Speaker 1>I'm gonna do that because you and I both don't <v Speaker 1>like peanut butter sandwiches. Yes, you're a mean one, mister Frost. <v Speaker 1>You really are a slime. You're as cuddly as a cactus. <v Speaker 1>You're annoying as a wind chime. Mister Frost, you're a <v Speaker 1>peanut butter and jelly sandwich covered in grime. There you go. <v Speaker 1>Plants on trial coming up next here on the Gardening Simplified. <v Speaker 2>Show, Beautify your home and community with proven Winner's Color <v Speaker 2>Choice Shrubs with over three hundred and twenty five unique <v Speaker 2>varieties to choose from. There's a flowering, shrubber, evergreen for <v Speaker 2>every taste and every space. Just look for the distinctive <v Speaker 2>white container your local garden center or learn more at <v Speaker 2>proven Winner's Color Choice dot com. Greetings gardening friends, and <v Speaker 2>welcome back to the Gardening Simplified Show, where I am <v Speaker 2>afraid to tell you I do not have a song <v Speaker 2>to compare with Rick's most excellent Mister Frost version of <v Speaker 2>the Grinch song from the Grinch Ustel Christmas, but I <v Speaker 2>do have a plant on trial. <v Speaker 1>Yeah. <v Speaker 2>That's related to today's topic about frosts and freezes, because <v Speaker 2>you know, it's something that again, as I said, as <v Speaker 2>we talked about in the first segment, people get really <v Speaker 2>confused and they think that, you know, it's bad that <v Speaker 2>we get frosts and freezes in the fall and winter. <v Speaker 2>And yes, if you live in Miami, it is definitely <v Speaker 2>a bad thing if you get a frost or a freeze. <v Speaker 2>But for those of us who live in these colder areas, <v Speaker 2>say like USDA Zone eight and colder and frosts and <v Speaker 2>freezes are a normal part of our winter and something <v Speaker 2>that the plants in our garden mostly expect to experience <v Speaker 2>and helps to again usher them into dormancy and then <v Speaker 2>get out of dormancy in the spring. It's all a <v Speaker 2>very good thing. And again people associate the badness of <v Speaker 2>a frost in spring killing all of that tender new <v Speaker 2>growth with the frost in fallen winter, when you know. <v Speaker 1>Yeah, and I think it's all about keeping it in perspective. <v Speaker 1>And I think the reason that it has a bad <v Speaker 1>reputation is because of all the money we spend on <v Speaker 1>flowering annuals, tomatoes and vegetables. <v Speaker 2>And those are the plants that are most tender. Never <v Speaker 2>mind the fact that they have just come out of <v Speaker 2>a greenhouse, a warm, toasting, nice greenhouse, very humid, lots <v Speaker 2>of water, and now all of a sudden they're you know, <v Speaker 2>thrown out into a Michigan backyard. And yeah, they can <v Speaker 2>have a problem. And you know, we don't like those <v Speaker 2>late frosts e there. But yeah, as much as we <v Speaker 2>dislike winter coming, at least we know it's natural. Now. <v Speaker 2>But today's plan on trial is oh so easy. Ice <v Speaker 2>Bay rose. <v Speaker 1>Now I love this plant. <v Speaker 2>Yes, it's our first white landscape rose. Many many years <v Speaker 2>in trialing and testing to make sure that when we <v Speaker 2>finally did find a white landscape rose that it had <v Speaker 2>the disease resistance and continuous blooming that we demand from <v Speaker 2>the oh so easy series, and believe it or not, <v Speaker 2>that's actually not that easy to find in a white <v Speaker 2>flowering rose. Now, for our older listeners out there, of <v Speaker 2>which I am one, I'm a talker, I guess not <v Speaker 2>a listener, associating a rose with a show on cold conditions, <v Speaker 2>frosts and freezes may seem actually quite surprising, because you know, <v Speaker 2>I think for so many of us who grew roses <v Speaker 2>over thirty years ago, or at least we're familiar with <v Speaker 2>maybe our grandmother's roses or something like that, we associate <v Speaker 2>roses with being very sensitive to cold. <v Speaker 1>We do. But I'm amazed every year how deep into <v Speaker 1>the season they go. Yes, you can handle the cold. <v Speaker 1>The at last roses in my landscape were still had <v Speaker 1>a few blooms last week. That's amazing. <v Speaker 2>Yeah, So I'm going to get to that in one <v Speaker 2>quick moment. But the reason that people tend to think <v Speaker 2>of roses as being very sensitive to cold is because, <v Speaker 2>up until about thirty years ago, the main rose that <v Speaker 2>you could grow that you would find in garden centers <v Speaker 2>was a hybrid t rose. And hybrid t roses have <v Speaker 2>some wonderful characteristics. They're often fragrant, they have a high <v Speaker 2>pedal count, so a lot of petals in those flowers. <v Speaker 2>Amazing colors, bright colors, pretty much every shade of the <v Speaker 2>rainbow and everything in between, with the exception of course <v Speaker 2>of True Blue that is an episode another episode there. <v Speaker 1>And France and Fragrance. <v Speaker 2>Yeah, and so there they were great roses. But hybrid <v Speaker 2>t roses are grafted. So that is, if you're not <v Speaker 2>familiar with this term, basically, the top of the rose <v Speaker 2>is a different plant than the bottom of the rose. <v Speaker 2>And so they go and they go ahead and actually <v Speaker 2>graft put the xylumin flow of each part together so <v Speaker 2>that they meld together into what looks like one plant. <v Speaker 2>And grafted roses are much more sensitive to cold than <v Speaker 2>own root. Landscape roses like are oh so easy, series <v Speaker 2>is and so for years and years and years and <v Speaker 2>actually still to this day, rose cones were very much <v Speaker 2>a thing. And I know, rick. <v Speaker 1>As I've sold thus, yes you. <v Speaker 2>Have, and they're still available today. And so if you're <v Speaker 2>not familiar with this, of course, you know, you can <v Speaker 2>probably still drive around some neighborhoods and see them, but <v Speaker 2>they're sort of this rather not like as cone like <v Speaker 2>as a pylon, but cone ish. Sometimes they're heavy styrofoam <v Speaker 2>plastic that can be all sorts of different things. And <v Speaker 2>you buy these and you put them on your rose <v Speaker 2>and that helps to protect the top of the plant, <v Speaker 2>which is also more sensitive to frost than the roots, <v Speaker 2>and that union, that all important graft union down there. <v Speaker 1>Yeah, exactly. And whenever somebody would buy a rose comb <v Speaker 1>for me, a styrofoam rose cone, I would, as a <v Speaker 1>customer service take out my black sharpie marker and offer <v Speaker 1>to write their phone number on it. <v Speaker 2>Because they launch, they do launch, you definitely need to <v Speaker 2>get them to keep them down with some soil or <v Speaker 2>some rocks or something. But you know, I was thinking <v Speaker 2>about this show. You know, when the disease resistant landscape <v Speaker 2>roses came out around thirty years ago, everybody was so <v Speaker 2>caught up in their disease resistance, and for good reason <v Speaker 2>that it just kind of flew under the radar that <v Speaker 2>with these very vigorous disease resistant hardy plants, they are <v Speaker 2>no longer grafted shrub roses. Landscape roses like our O <v Speaker 2>So Easy series are on their own roots and so <v Speaker 2>no longer are roses necessarily this delicate thing that you <v Speaker 2>have to you know, hope and pray is going to <v Speaker 2>make it through winter. And I think that really is <v Speaker 2>a sea change for a lot of people when they <v Speaker 2>think about rosa. Oh, I don't want to protect that. <v Speaker 2>You don't need to protect. Hardy roses like the OsO <v Speaker 2>Easy series and especially Oh So Easy Ice Bay Today's <v Speaker 2>plan on trial. It is hardy down to USDA Zone <v Speaker 2>three and heat tolerant through USDA Zone nine, so it <v Speaker 2>can be grown almost anywhere in the US or in Canada. <v Speaker 2>But in addition to this improved tolerance to cold that <v Speaker 2>we are seeing now with these modern landscape roses, I <v Speaker 2>also wanted to point out another really interesting thing about <v Speaker 2>roses when it comes to cold, and you started to <v Speaker 2>hint to this, they are roses specifically. I think the plant, <v Speaker 2>the hardy landscape plant that can take frosts and freezes <v Speaker 2>more elegantly than anything else out there in the landscape. <v Speaker 2>I like that the you know, hydrange of a big <v Speaker 2>lead hydrange. Of course we love hydranges, but when they <v Speaker 2>get that frost and freeze, oh boy, it is not <v Speaker 2>their finest moment. You know, their foliage it goes kind <v Speaker 2>of clear because it froze and it's like all flabby <v Speaker 2>and it smells like rotten vegetation. And then if it <v Speaker 2>dries on the plant, then it's just like this like <v Speaker 2>curled up like brownish black, mummified horrible thing. And when <v Speaker 2>roses get hit by a frost or a freeze, the <v Speaker 2>foliage just becomes absolutely laced with ice crystals. And you know, <v Speaker 2>they have that like deeply ribbed foliage, and so all <v Speaker 2>these ice crystals and frost is kind of like just <v Speaker 2>arranged just so very artistically on the foliage. Any flowers <v Speaker 2>that were open on a rose maintain their color amazingly <v Speaker 2>despite this, you know, very harsh condition that just went <v Speaker 2>through the previous night, and those get covered in frost crystals. <v Speaker 2>The buds, the stipules, the thorns, the fruits, every part <v Speaker 2>of a rose just becomes this sort of like ornamented <v Speaker 2>in frost. <v Speaker 1>That's an excellent description. <v Speaker 2>You're right, and it's a really good quality. <v Speaker 1>Then if you add some rose hips to it, it's beautiful. <v Speaker 2>And the simple fact is if you are the kind <v Speaker 2>of gardener who lives in a place where you get <v Speaker 2>those frost and freezes and then that cold does not <v Speaker 2>continue indefinitely like it is here in Michigan, especially this year. <v Speaker 2>Your rose is going to take that frost and once <v Speaker 2>the sun melts it off, it's going to pick up <v Speaker 2>right where it left off, like it was never harmed, <v Speaker 2>like it never really experienced that frost and freeze. It <v Speaker 2>will continue to set flowers. It will continue to create <v Speaker 2>flower buds up until it gets very very cold. So <v Speaker 2>you know where all of these other plants kind of <v Speaker 2>you know, hey, frost happened. I'm done. <v Speaker 1>I'm out. <v Speaker 2>Roses are like, okay, I'm just gonna, like, you know, <v Speaker 2>I'm gonna take this as an opportunity to look fabulous <v Speaker 2>for a few hours and extra fabulous for a few hours, <v Speaker 2>and then I'm going to go on growing when it <v Speaker 2>all melts off. So I love so oh so easy. <v Speaker 2>Ice Bay is kind of just a representative, but you <v Speaker 2>will find this among pretty much all roses anything in <v Speaker 2>your garden, and I just think it's a really unique <v Speaker 2>quality that they have that should be celebrated and. <v Speaker 1>Absolutely and it's such a beautiful rose in the first place. <v Speaker 1>Oh so easy, Ice Bay Rose Stacey working in the <v Speaker 1>garden center. It's an easy sell because all I got <v Speaker 1>to do is take customers over that beautiful white bloom <v Speaker 1>and those golden stamens. Gorgeous. <v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's like a fried egg. <v Speaker 1>Oh, yes, that's what it looks like. <v Speaker 2>Yeah, it does have that beautiful chrystal and that nice <v Speaker 2>you know, we should have considered that name. <v Speaker 1>Yeah, oh so easy, over easy. <v Speaker 2>Our next white and yellow rose pat and pending. Yeah, <v Speaker 2>so it's a great plant. It's a no brainer if <v Speaker 2>you are the kind of person who says, I want <v Speaker 2>a great looking landscape, but I don't know where to start. <v Speaker 2>I don't want anything really colorful. Boxwood and oh so easy, <v Speaker 2>Ice Bay Rose are going to give you a beautiful, <v Speaker 2>classic landscape that looks absolutely incredible pretty much all year round. <v Speaker 2>Of course, roses do go dormant. Again, it's hardy down <v Speaker 2>to USDA's own three heat tolerant three zone nine two <v Speaker 2>to three feet tall and wide outstanding disease resistance. Blooms <v Speaker 2>all summer without dead heading or trimming, needs full sun, <v Speaker 2>and of course it is not dear resistant. But if <v Speaker 2>you can, you know, make all of this work. Not <v Speaker 2>only are you going to have a beautiful rose all <v Speaker 2>season long, but you're going to have a beautiful rose <v Speaker 2>to check out when you do. Get those frosts in <v Speaker 2>the in the fall and see for yourself just what <v Speaker 2>I mean. Love it. If you want to look for <v Speaker 2>Osuez ice Bay rose or add it to your spring <v Speaker 2>planting list, it will be available at garden centers this <v Speaker 2>coming season. We're going to take a little break. When <v Speaker 2>we come back, we're opening up the mailbag, so please <v Speaker 2>stay tuned. At proven Winner's Color Choice Shrubs, we know <v Speaker 2>that a better landscape starts with a better shrub. Our <v Speaker 2>team of experts tests and evaluates all of our flowering <v Speaker 2>shrubs in evergreens for eight to ten years to ensure <v Speaker 2>they outperform what's already on the market. For easycare, reliable, <v Speaker 2>beautiful shrubs to accentuate your home and express your personal style, <v Speaker 2>look for Proven Winner's Shrubs in the distinctive white container <v Speaker 2>at your local garden center or learn more at proven <v Speaker 2>Winner's Color Choice dot com. Greeting's gardening friends, and welcome <v Speaker 2>back to the Gardening Simplified Show, where it is our <v Speaker 2>pleasure to help you with your garden questions, quandaries and conundrums, <v Speaker 2>whether they happened last year or or something you're worried <v Speaker 2>about is going to be happening in the coming year. <v Speaker 2>We'd be happy to hear from you. You can just <v Speaker 2>visit us at Gardeningsimplified on air dot com and there's <v Speaker 2>contact form right there. We also welcome your celebrations and <v Speaker 2>points of interest that you encounter out there in the <v Speaker 2>wide horticultural world. And listener Nancy sent us a message <v Speaker 2>with some fabulous photos that I wanted to share in <v Speaker 2>response to our conifer show a couple of weeks ago. <v Speaker 2>We talked about conifers, and we talked about deciduous conifers. <v Speaker 2>There are a handful of them, so they are so <v Speaker 2>you know, conifer doesn't inherently mean evergreen. While most conifers <v Speaker 2>are indeed evergreen, not all of them are. We have <v Speaker 2>bald cypress and don redwood, which are naturally and of <v Speaker 2>course large, naturally deciduous, lose their foliage every year, and <v Speaker 2>a lot of people would think that was a liability, <v Speaker 2>but as Nancy's photos will show, it is actually quite <v Speaker 2>an attractive feature. So she says, I just wanted to <v Speaker 2>share photos of my beautiful bald cypress. I commented on <v Speaker 2>today's show that I was going to be emailing these <v Speaker 2>most everything else has lost their leaves, but the bald <v Speaker 2>cypress is the last, so this is its time to shine. <v Speaker 2>Someone must have planted this in my Zone six B <v Speaker 2>Wetlands about twenty eight years ago, and that makes sense <v Speaker 2>because in the wild, bald cypress grows in standing water <v Speaker 2>in the swamps. Certainly, if you've ever been down to <v Speaker 2>New Orleans on the swamps, you will see it. As <v Speaker 2>I know, it's not native here. I have the original <v Speaker 2>landscape drawings showing this tree. That landscape designer had very <v Speaker 2>good taste, indeed, and she says it's hard to see <v Speaker 2>the scale, but I think it's twenty five to forty <v Speaker 2>feet tall. And you can really tell in these photos <v Speaker 2>that it's color. It's the tan color that those needles <v Speaker 2>turn is just livening up the landscape and making it <v Speaker 2>into a spectacle. A lot of times people will think, <v Speaker 2>oh brown ech. You know, as you will see in <v Speaker 2>Nancy's photos, it is absolutely wonderful. So please do check <v Speaker 2>those out on YouTube if you have a moment. <v Speaker 1>Their gorgeous, especially when the sun shines just the right moment, <v Speaker 1>and Stacey wanted to real quickly mention I had looked <v Speaker 1>this up. Evergreen needles don't freeze because they have a <v Speaker 1>waxy coating, reduced water content, and produce natural anti freeze <v Speaker 1>chemicals that lower the freezing point of water inside their <v Speaker 1>cells so they can stay flexible photosynthesize year round. <v Speaker 2>I thought that that that that's fantastic. <v Speaker 1>Yeah, And of course is the opposite of a bald <v Speaker 1>cypress mentioned here, which is deciduous right. <v Speaker 2>And the bald cypress is native to southern areas of <v Speaker 2>the US where it is quite warm, and they very <v Speaker 2>rarely encounter a frost or freeze. But at least they <v Speaker 2>have that adaptability should they require it and find themselves <v Speaker 2>in West Michigan. <v Speaker 1>Laura has a great question. I recently read an article <v Speaker 1>about protecting plants for winter. Wrapping young tree trunks was listed. <v Speaker 1>Is this necessary and is it too late? We've already <v Speaker 1>had some hard freezes over this past week. I have <v Speaker 1>two baby weeping red buds and a weeping pussy willow <v Speaker 1>that I planted earlier this year that I hope are <v Speaker 1>not doomed. This is Zone six' A, Indianapolis. Indiana thanks so. <v Speaker 1>MUCH i loved the. Show thank, You laura And. Boy <v Speaker 1>getting back to the garden center, INDUSTRY i sold a <v Speaker 1>lot of tree wrap through the, years especially the kind <v Speaker 1>the plastic ones that you can pop on and pop. <v Speaker 1>Off generally would pop them on In, november take them <v Speaker 1>off In. April are you too? Late absolutely. Not the <v Speaker 1>whole reason you're using these tree wraps are for Those <v Speaker 1>january days when the sun is low in the, south <v Speaker 1>heats up the bark and then the temperatures drop to <v Speaker 1>like ten below zero at. Night that expansion and contraction <v Speaker 1>of that bark is going to cause, splitting which we <v Speaker 1>Call southwest. Disease so has nothing to do with. Frost <v Speaker 1>are you too? Late? No, oh go ahead and wrap <v Speaker 1>the young trus. <v Speaker 2>Right and you Know rick mentioned that this disease is <v Speaker 2>commonly called it's not a. Disease it's actually a physiological, <v Speaker 2>condition but it's called southwest disease because it is most <v Speaker 2>prevalent on smooth barked trees that face south and. West <v Speaker 2>so if you think about this for a, moment the <v Speaker 2>tree is facing, south it's just getting you, know sun <v Speaker 2>all day. Long because even in the winter when the <v Speaker 2>sun is, low still quite quite, sunny warming up all <v Speaker 2>of those cells in the sap and it gets to, <v Speaker 2>flowing and then of course from the, west those cold <v Speaker 2>winds start blowing in the cold temperatures at night start rolling, <v Speaker 2>in and that rapid change in temperatures is what causes <v Speaker 2>the frost cracks that he just. Described, now now all <v Speaker 2>plants are equally sensitive to. This it is most common <v Speaker 2>on smooth barked, trees and those are the ones that <v Speaker 2>you should really if you do want to wrap your, <v Speaker 2>trees concentrate your efforts on So and a lot of <v Speaker 2>trees do you have smooth bark when they're, Young they <v Speaker 2>don't develop that more quirky bark until they're. Old BUT <v Speaker 2>i would say redbud is one that would potentially be <v Speaker 2>a susceptible or you, know a good candidate for wrapping <v Speaker 2>if you are so. Inclined you did say yours is, <v Speaker 2>Weeping so if it has like branches weeping down and covering, <v Speaker 2>that it might not be quite so. Crucial but it's <v Speaker 2>not something you need to do for every young tree <v Speaker 2>doesn't really. Hurt probably the worst that's going to happen <v Speaker 2>with it is it can you give some harbor to some, <v Speaker 2>insects but you're going to be removing it in spring, <v Speaker 2>anyway hopefully because you should definitely remove it in, spring <v Speaker 2>so there's really no harm in trying. It it's a <v Speaker 2>pretty easy job to do as far as gardening chores. Go, <v Speaker 2>now one THING i will just add as far as <v Speaker 2>protecting young, trees one of the biggest threats is buck. <v Speaker 2>Rub so if you live in an area with, deer <v Speaker 2>the bucks when they wipe the velvet, off their wipe <v Speaker 2>is probably too gentle of a, word but when they <v Speaker 2>thrash the velvet off of their, antlers they need to <v Speaker 2>do that on a young. Tree and if they choose <v Speaker 2>your young, tree you no longer have a young. Tree <v Speaker 2>you have a very ugly. Stump and in that, case <v Speaker 2>to discourage, them the paper wouldn't do. It so in <v Speaker 2>that case you're going to need like the plastic thing <v Speaker 2>That rick, mentioned or you KNOW i have, used just <v Speaker 2>like the kind of expandable drain tile that they sell <v Speaker 2>at hardware. Stores you just cut that and wrap some <v Speaker 2>zip ties around. That you will actually need a physically <v Speaker 2>protective barrier if you're trying to mitigate buck. Rub the <v Speaker 2>regular tree rep that's just for temperature and. <v Speaker 1>Whether It's indianapolis or here In West. Michigan getting back <v Speaker 1>to that temperature, thing my house faces south and when <v Speaker 1>the sun is low in the south in, winter we <v Speaker 1>can have periods in the winter where the roof on <v Speaker 1>the south side of my house the snow has, melted <v Speaker 1>the north side is loaded with snow and. Ice so <v Speaker 1>again it shows you how that bark can heat up <v Speaker 1>during the. Winter, Definitely yolanda ask during fall clean up <v Speaker 1>at my, CHURCH i noticed a few branches growing off <v Speaker 1>of WHAT i think is pinocchi, cypress which have a <v Speaker 1>totally different growth. Pattern is this what they call a witch's? Broom? <v Speaker 2>Right And yolanda did send some, pictures so this explanation <v Speaker 2>will probably make a lot more sense if you checks <v Speaker 2>that on YouTube and see those. Photos but, basically let's <v Speaker 2>just first find what a witch's broom. Is a witch's, <v Speaker 2>broom it could happen on any. Plants it's most common on, <v Speaker 2>conifers but it often happens on deciduous trees and shrubs as. <v Speaker 2>Well and basically what it means is that there is <v Speaker 2>an area of dense. Growth so if you think about <v Speaker 2>like the classic witches broom with all those twigs all <v Speaker 2>clustered together and coming out in a million different directions <v Speaker 2>that can kind of be what it looks. Like it <v Speaker 2>can happen through, disease like a disease like anthracnose often <v Speaker 2>causes witches brooming On london plane, trees and you'll often <v Speaker 2>see it on, conifers like if you're driving down the <v Speaker 2>road and you see a conifer and it just has <v Speaker 2>this like massive clump somewhere up there towards the. Top <v Speaker 2>that is basically that kind of. Growth not all of <v Speaker 2>them are technically witches. Brooms some of them are just <v Speaker 2>sports or just like a weird growth that it pulled. <v Speaker 2>Out but With yolanda's, photo she actually has the. Opposite <v Speaker 2>so her chemisipitus that she has is one that Like <v Speaker 2>i'm trying to think of the name for, it but <v Speaker 2>has the really prominent fan like, foliage so rather than <v Speaker 2>kind of the, long feathery, foliage it grows into these <v Speaker 2>beautiful coral like kind of. Fans there's a bunch of <v Speaker 2>different cultivars out there with that. Characteristic so, Actually, yolanda <v Speaker 2>the plant that you have there with that kind of <v Speaker 2>coral fan like, growth that is the desirable plant that <v Speaker 2>was The Witch's, broom and the growth that you're seeing <v Speaker 2>is actually a reversion to the plant that The Witch's <v Speaker 2>broom originally occurred, on so you have the thing in. <v Speaker 1>Reverse. <v Speaker 2>Rush, Yeah so you see this happen a lot On <v Speaker 2>Alberta spruce's as. Well so basically WHAT i would recommend, You, <v Speaker 2>lena because that is the original, form it's probably going <v Speaker 2>to be a lot more, Vigorous SO i would go <v Speaker 2>ahead and prune that out as close to the plant <v Speaker 2>as you. Can if it's just that one branch it's <v Speaker 2>coming up and not the whole branch it's, on just <v Speaker 2>take that. Out but do keep an eye out for <v Speaker 2>those reversions to the mean as it, wereks that's exactly what's, <v Speaker 2>happening and do keep them pruned. Out but otherwise your <v Speaker 2>chemistry presenter should be perfectly. Fine. <v Speaker 1>Stacy last week you introduced us to a beautiful, camelia <v Speaker 1>And jenny writes to, you sending a photo of her <v Speaker 1>beautiful camellia in bloom In, Atlanta georgia and wonders how <v Speaker 1>long the. <v Speaker 2>Right so, Jealous, Jenny your camellia is absolutely glorious AND <v Speaker 2>i hope you are enjoying. It so how long they <v Speaker 2>Bloom it does, depend of course on the. Weather the <v Speaker 2>s issanquas that are blooming in fall and early winter <v Speaker 2>are usually going to bloom for probably about two months <v Speaker 2>to eight to ten, weeks WHEREAS i have found that <v Speaker 2>very often The japonica types that bloom more in late <v Speaker 2>winter and. Spring you're looking at kind of like A <v Speaker 2>february Till, april you, know time frame. There BUT i <v Speaker 2>would say for most, camellias under the right, conditions when <v Speaker 2>you're not pushing their hardiness like here In, michigan you're <v Speaker 2>going to get a solid eight weeks of fabulously colorful. <v Speaker 2>Flowers so what a great choice if you can grow. <v Speaker 2>It i'm, jealous. Beautiful so thank y'all so much for your. <v Speaker 2>Questions we're going to take a little break and when <v Speaker 2>we come, Back i'm going to be talking about some <v Speaker 2>plants imagine that THAT i saw on my trip To. <v Speaker 2>Japan stay. Tuned thanks for listening to The Gardening simplified, <v Speaker 2>podcast brought to you By Proven Winners Color Choice. Shrubs <v Speaker 2>our award winning flowering shrubs and evergreens are trialed and <v Speaker 2>tested by experts with your success in. Mind learn more <v Speaker 2>At proven winners Color choice Dot. <v Speaker 1>Com welcome back to The Gardening Simplified show. Today for <v Speaker 1>our final, segment we'll take a few moments to chat <v Speaker 1>With stacy about a trip she recently took To. Japan And, <v Speaker 1>STACY i have tremendous respect for both your education and <v Speaker 1>your experience in the horticultural, field as well as your, <v Speaker 1>travels and you recently went To. Japan i'm looking forward <v Speaker 1>someday to go To. JAPAN i have never been, there <v Speaker 1>BUT i read That japan is a horticultural hotspot due <v Speaker 1>to its incredible, biodiversity diverse geographic, climates temperature temperate to, <v Speaker 1>subtropical rich cultural. History of, course they love. Plants you <v Speaker 1>think about things like maple's and bonees. Eye it just <v Speaker 1>goes on and. On SO i GUESS i don't really <v Speaker 1>have to ask the question why you Chose japan for a. <v Speaker 2>Vacation, well you don't really have to ask. It we <v Speaker 2>did just go last. Year so if you're, thinking, like <v Speaker 2>wait a, minute and weren't you just talking about going <v Speaker 2>Into japan last, Year, yes it's. True we went again this, <v Speaker 2>year but went to totally different places and it was absolutely. <v Speaker 2>Amazing so you, know last year we really just stayed In, <v Speaker 2>tokyo And tokyo is a great spot for parks and <v Speaker 2>gardens that are you, know so The shinjuku Yo, en <v Speaker 2>which is one of the national gardens In, japan is, <v Speaker 2>there and it is a fabulous, garden really. Wonderful but you, know, <v Speaker 2>ultimately like if you want to see more different types of, <v Speaker 2>plants you kind of got to get out of the. <v Speaker 2>City and so that's what we were able to do this, <v Speaker 2>time AND i saw so much cool, Stuff LIKE i <v Speaker 2>can't it's so hard for me to even like try <v Speaker 2>to channel my, thoughts BUT i do want to first <v Speaker 2>go back To tokyo where we started our, trip because <v Speaker 2>of course that's the major. Airport we were there In, <v Speaker 2>november and last time we were there In, october and <v Speaker 2>so when we had been there In, october they were <v Speaker 2>just starting to set up for all of The mom chrysanthemum. <v Speaker 2>Displays and in Our botany Of thanksgiving, episode the one <v Speaker 2>that ran just Before, THANKSGIVING i talked quite a bit <v Speaker 2>about moms and about how they were the imperial symbol <v Speaker 2>Of japan and how how beloved they are In. Japan <v Speaker 2>so last TIME i only saw the. Setup this time <v Speaker 2>we were there for the height of The Chrysanthemum festival <v Speaker 2>and it was. Amazing it was just absolutely. Incredible so <v Speaker 2>In Shinjuko, gioen that main garden there In, tokyo they <v Speaker 2>have these they set up these big pavilions and they <v Speaker 2>are all dedicated to a different style of growing. Moms <v Speaker 2>so some of them were these huge domes with hundreds <v Speaker 2>and hundreds of flowers on. Them some of them were <v Speaker 2>more tree, like some of them are just, about you, <v Speaker 2>know growing a crop completely. Consistently some of them were <v Speaker 2>part of a samurai discipline to learn how to grow <v Speaker 2>the chrysanthemums to this very exacting kind of standard and <v Speaker 2>show patience and and nurture. That so seeing those, chrysanthemums you, <v Speaker 2>KNOW i was already kind of on the, team, like, <v Speaker 2>hey chrysanthemums should be more. Interesting and this really just <v Speaker 2>totally sealed the deal for. Me just saw some very <v Speaker 2>very cool. Stuff so please do join us on. YouTube <v Speaker 2>i have lots of pictures That adriana will be including. <v Speaker 2>There AND i got to eat chrysanthemum. <v Speaker 1>Greens oh how did they? <v Speaker 2>TASTE i loved. Them they tasted so good. Taste, NO <v Speaker 2>i MEAN i would say it's sort of a bit <v Speaker 2>more spinach, like but doesn't really taste like. Spinach it <v Speaker 2>just kind of has that same experience of eating like a, <v Speaker 2>hot wet green in like a soup or something like, <v Speaker 2>that but a very interesting. Flavor and it is definitely <v Speaker 2>on my list to grow edible chrysanthemum in my garden this. <v Speaker 1>YEAR i like. <v Speaker 2>That and supposedly it's self, sewing which of, course you, <v Speaker 2>know that's ALL i need, to you, know to twist <v Speaker 2>my arm with a self sewing. <v Speaker 1>Plant are they difficult to come? By you? Know the? <v Speaker 2>Seeds the seeds are pretty easy to. FIND i think <v Speaker 2>like most you, know major places have, them so very <v Speaker 2>much looking forward to. That so then we were down <v Speaker 2>In Kshu. Province So kshu is sort of the southernmost <v Speaker 2>province of Mainland. Japan you can't really call it Mainland <v Speaker 2>japan Because japan is an, island but the main island Of. <v Speaker 2>Japan kshu is the. Southernmost it's known as the Green <v Speaker 2>province Of, japan and it certainly earns that. <v Speaker 1>Name. <v Speaker 2>Well it was just glorious, Subtropical so PROBABLY i would <v Speaker 2>have to, say you, KNOW usca equivalent to LIKE usca <v Speaker 2>IS o nine, here possibly even. Ten they do get <v Speaker 2>some cold, weather they do get some, snow but even <v Speaker 2>when they get that kind of, weather it never sticks. <v Speaker 2>Around and very, often you, know when it comes to <v Speaker 2>growing more tender, plants it's not just you, know did <v Speaker 2>they get those occasional you, know little periods of. Cold it's, <v Speaker 2>like does it stick old for you, know literally half <v Speaker 2>of the year like it does. Here so that still <v Speaker 2>enables them to grow a lot of things that we <v Speaker 2>could only dream of growing. Here and so when we <v Speaker 2>were down, there we were walking around all these temples In, <v Speaker 2>fukuoka and the osmanthis was in full bloom, everywhere and <v Speaker 2>oh my, gosh it just filled the air and you, <v Speaker 2>know you would just turn around and there would just <v Speaker 2>be this Massive osmanthus shrub covered in thousands and thousands <v Speaker 2>and thousands of flowers and just filling the air with <v Speaker 2>the most incredible. FRAGRANCE i, can't honestly can't even describe. <v Speaker 2>It it. Was it was just. Glorious also very popular <v Speaker 2>in the temple gardens. There. TIBUCHINA i was going to. <v Speaker 1>Ask you about that because we did sell some of <v Speaker 1>those as a tropical plant in our garden. Center what <v Speaker 1>an amazing, plant at least. Here difficult to, Grow. <v Speaker 2>Yeah definitely only a tropical for us in cold climates <v Speaker 2>here in THE. Us tibuchina is a plant that if <v Speaker 2>you like purple, flowers you cannot go any purpler Then. <v Speaker 2>Tibuchina it is the epitome of purple and just a <v Speaker 2>beautiful color with, soft heavily ribbed. Foully just a very cool. <v Speaker 2>Plant and so you, know seeing that growing in the <v Speaker 2>grounds and the temples was also just very very. Cool <v Speaker 2>visited A japanese garden that incorporated a fog. MACHINE i want. <v Speaker 1>To ask you about this BECAUSE i want a fog <v Speaker 1>machine in my. <v Speaker 2>Garden, okay, well this was pretty, COOL i. Think so <v Speaker 2>this was large. Scale but what they had, done so <v Speaker 2>it was a Traditional japanese garden in a park In, <v Speaker 2>fukuoka and they had there was sort of like a <v Speaker 2>split rail ish fence around this lake small lake in the, <v Speaker 2>garden and they had missed emitters all around, it and <v Speaker 2>it would run and totally fill the area completely full <v Speaker 2>of fog and, mist and then they would leave it <v Speaker 2>off so that the area was gradually revealed and then you, <v Speaker 2>know fifteen minutes, later the fog would roll in, again <v Speaker 2>and it was Very it was very, cool, like you, <v Speaker 2>know because we were walking through the garden AND i <v Speaker 2>kind of was, like, oh what's going on there and <v Speaker 2>did a double tay and then you're out there in <v Speaker 2>the fog and then it just rolls away and you <v Speaker 2>get to see. Everything so the way it kind of <v Speaker 2>obscured and revealed the view was very very. <v Speaker 1>Cool oh that is. Fan it's kind of like WHEN <v Speaker 1>i walk into the steam room at THE, ymca you, <v Speaker 1>know and you got to acclimate for a Little, yeah <v Speaker 1>BUT i WOULD i would, recognize, yes that as it <v Speaker 1>fades away and the plants come back into. View that's <v Speaker 1>got to be. <v Speaker 2>Amazing it was very very. COOL i definitely not something <v Speaker 2>you see in a lot of. Gardens also in the same, <v Speaker 2>CITY i saw this building THAT i had read about <v Speaker 2>in books and had seen online here and. There never <v Speaker 2>really thought THAT i would find myself In, Fukuoka japan <v Speaker 2>to see it. Myself but it's called The Across BUILDING, <v Speaker 2>acroos and it is WHAT i would describe as probably <v Speaker 2>one of the largest and most successful green building projects <v Speaker 2>in the. World so it's going to be a lot <v Speaker 2>different THAN i think what you normally think of for <v Speaker 2>these green building. Projects it's basically shaped like a mountain <v Speaker 2>or a, pyramid and on either side it is completely <v Speaker 2>comprised of stepped. Terraces it was originally planted in nineteen ninety, <v Speaker 2>five so now it is a completely mature. Landscape and <v Speaker 2>so you look at this building and it looks like <v Speaker 2>a mountain covered in trees and shrubs and, vines and <v Speaker 2>it's REALLY i mean, AGAIN i had some idea of <v Speaker 2>what it was going to be like going, in but <v Speaker 2>it totally blew my. Mind the fall color was just, <v Speaker 2>starting so you, know some of it was, green and <v Speaker 2>you had these patches of red here and. There and <v Speaker 2>you can actually walk up the building and walk through <v Speaker 2>the step garden and go through the terraces and see <v Speaker 2>all of the, plants see their root you, know the <v Speaker 2>boxes that their roots are. In and so it was <v Speaker 2>just a really really interesting experience to do all of. <v Speaker 2>That it was about eight hundred steps to the, top <v Speaker 2>but the way that they designed, it it was so. <v Speaker 2>Easy you didn't even get tired walking. Up. <v Speaker 1>Wow love to see. THAT a favorite of mine our ginko. <v Speaker 1>TREE a favorite of yours are. Camellias, yes did you see? <v Speaker 2>BOTH i did see, both and, INTERESTINGLY i was talking <v Speaker 2>to some people hear about it BECAUSE i don't quite understand. <v Speaker 2>It but here in THE, us or at least In, <v Speaker 2>MICHIGAN i feel like ginko's are some of the last <v Speaker 2>trees to color, up whereas In japan it seems like <v Speaker 2>they're one of the. First, yeah very strange because they <v Speaker 2>were pretty much the only thing, when especially when we <v Speaker 2>were In, tokyo the only thing that was really showing <v Speaker 2>any color at. All and we saw that throughout and you, <v Speaker 2>know later on in the trip when we were out <v Speaker 2>more in the, country we saw Some japanese maples turning, <v Speaker 2>color but lots of may of ginko turning. Color and, camellias, <v Speaker 2>yes so they were just getting, started some of the <v Speaker 2>fall blooming. Types BUT i did see some and flower <v Speaker 2>and of course they're just absolutely. GORGEOUS i, mean such an, <v Speaker 2>amazing amazing. Plant, so you, KNOW i could go on <v Speaker 2>and on BECAUSE i just. Saw you, Know i'm very <v Speaker 2>fortunate that my husband also loves, plants so we get <v Speaker 2>to do the things that we love, to you, know <v Speaker 2>to see. Together and he's not, like, oh oh my, <v Speaker 2>gosh you're dragging me through another mom. Display, no he <v Speaker 2>was quite game for, it so it was really. WONDERFUL <v Speaker 2>i have lots more to. SHARE i WISH i, could <v Speaker 2>but in the, MEANTIME i would just, say if you've <v Speaker 2>been dreaming about going To, japan you should definitely try <v Speaker 2>to make it a. Reality there's just so much to, <v Speaker 2>see and if you love plants and you love, gardens <v Speaker 2>it is a totally new, mindset totally totally change your <v Speaker 2>mind of how you think about. <v Speaker 1>Both that's. Inspiring look forward to seeing more of your <v Speaker 1>pictures hearing more about your. Trip thanks for sharing that with, Us, <v Speaker 1>stacey thanks for the opportunity, ring and thank You. Adriana <v Speaker 1>thanks most of all to you for watching us on, <v Speaker 1>YouTube looking for our podcast where you get your favorite, <v Speaker 1>podcasts and listening to the radio version of our. Show <v Speaker 1>have yourself a great. <v Speaker 2>Week
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