The Entire Story of Norse Mythology Explained | Boring History

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Welcome in my tired friends or 
as we love to call it here, 

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rotate those. 
Super glad you decided to come 

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here tonight to get that rest 
with some history. 

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We finally got around to some 
Norse mythology. 

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So let's snuggle up. 
Because we're stepping into the 

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entire story of Norse mythology,
following the gods, the worlds 

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they move through and the quiet 
patterns that held everything 

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together. 
So, with peaceful rain, moving 

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softly in the background and 
this calm soothing history 

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helping you unwind, feel free to
follow, leave a like and tell me

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where you're listening from, and
what time it is, now, slow the 

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roll on your brain and feel at 
peace. 

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Grab your blanket and let's do 
this thing. 

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Hello my tired dumplings 
tonight. 

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You will travel through the 
Norse Cosmos from its first 

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Frozen breath to its final 
burning. 

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Renewal, Story unfolds across 
nine interconnected Realms. 

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Following Gods who laughed and 
ultimately faced their own 

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ending with clear eyes. 
Long before the Vikings carved. 

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Their dragon headed ships or 
raise their Mead Halls under 

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cold. 
Northern Stars, storytellers 

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around winter fires, preserved, 
something stranger and older 

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than history. 
The poems and tales that would 

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eventually be written down in 
medieval Iceland as the poetic 

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Eder and prose Edda carried 
memories of a cosmology where 

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the world Grew From A murdered 
Giant and a great ashtray, 

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connected all possible 
realities. 

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You're about to step into that 
Cosmos where ice and fire met in

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the void and were even Immortal 
Gods knew their stories would 

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end you stand at the edge of 
nothing. 

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Before there were worlds or 
stars or the concept of up and 

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down there existed only getting 
a gap pronounced. 

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Gin noon, GA Gap. 
The name means something like 

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yawning void or gaping Abyss 
though neither translation quite

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captures the quality of this 
primordial emptiness. 

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Imagine not Darkness, because 
Darkness implies the absence of 

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light and light did not yet 
exist to be absent. imagine 

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instead, a kind of pregnant 
nothingness, A space that 

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contained the potential for 
everything but had not yet 

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decided to become anything at 
all. 

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To the north of this void. 
Lay Nephilim pronounced 

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niplheim, the realm of ice and 
missed. 

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You can picture it. 
If you think of the coldest 

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morning you have ever 
experienced then multiply that 

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cold by every winter that has 
ever been. 11 Rivers flowed from

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a Roaring Spring called, Virgo, 
mere in the heart of niflheim. 

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These Rivers had names that the 
old schools remembered though, 

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the names themselves are less 
important than what the rivers 

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carried. 
As they flowed away from their 

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source and into the void, they 
began to freeze layer upon layer

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of ice accumulated. 
In the yawning, emptiness of gin

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nunga Gap. 
To the South Leigh Muslim 

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pronounced. 
Moose pelha realm of fire when 

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Nephilim dripped with frozen 
Venom and endless, winter muscle

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Haim blazed with heat. 
That could unmake Stone, imagine

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a furnace, the size of a 
continent, Flames that existed 

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before the concept of fuel or 
burning heat. 

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So intense it needed nothing to 
consume because it simply was 

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the fire. 
Giant Serta stood, watch their 

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patient and terrible, his 
flaming sword or already forged 

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for a purpose. 
That would not come to pass for 

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ages yet. 
The ice from the North and the 

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heat from the south in ginger 
Gap. 

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Where they touched something 
remarkable occurred. 

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The ice began to melt and in the
drops of melting ice in the 

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Steam and the hissing contact 
between ancient cold and ancient

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heat, life began. 
Not life. 

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As you know, it now with cells 
and DNA and evolutionary trees. 

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This was something more 
fundamental. 

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The first being to emerge from 
the ice was a mere. 

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Pronounced Emir and he was a 
giant. 

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Emir was not beautiful the old 
texts describe him as a frost 

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giant. 
You should picture something 

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massive and strange formed from 
Ice and Venom more Force than 

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form. 
He slept in the fog, where Fire 

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and Ice created a narrow band of
possibility. 

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And as he slept he sweated From 
the sweater under his left arm 

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grew a male and a female giant 
his legs, produced a son by 

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rubbing together. 
This image is peculiar enough 

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that you might smile into your 
pillow, and that is appropriate.

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The Norse Cosmos begins with 
awkwardness and strangeness, not

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Majesty. 
While slept and sweated, another

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being emerged from the melting 
ice. 

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This was a doubler, a cow of a 
normal proportions. 

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She too came from nowhere shaped
by the meeting of heat and cold 

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and she began to lick the salty.
Ice blocks that formed in a gap.

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You can hear the sound if you 
let yourself imagine it. 

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The rough bovine tongue rasping 
against ancient, Frost steady 

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and patient. 
Licked for sustenance. 

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And in her licking, she revealed
something buried in the ice. 

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On the first day of licking hair
emerged from the ice block on 

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the second day ahead appeared by
the third day. 

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Adamla had freed an entire being
from his Frozen prison. 

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This was Brewery, the first of a
different kind of being. 

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Where Amir? 
And his strange Offspring were 

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giants. 
Burry was something else. 

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The text called him, beautiful. 
And strong and mighty though. 

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What exactly made him different 
from the Giants as hard as 

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defined? 
Perhaps it was intention or 

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consciousness of the different 
quality or simply that the 

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stories needed someone to oppose
the Giants. 

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Burry had a son named boar and 
bore. 

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Married a giantess named 
bestler, daughter of a giant 

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named bolt horn. 
You see already how the 

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categories begin to blur? 
How Giant, and God ancestry into

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twine from the very beginning. 
Born bestler, had three sons and

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these Sons would change 
everything, their names were 

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owed in Villi and vae. 
These three brothers looked at 

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the sleeping Emir and a small 
population of giants that are 

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descended from him. 
And they made a decision. 

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That would echo through every 
age to come. 

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They decided to kill a mere and 
make the world from his body. 

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Why they chose violence remains 
one of the Mysteries? 

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Perhaps a mere threatened them 
somehow Perhaps the brothers saw

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that the Giants were 
multiplying, and that the narrow

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space between ice and fire, 
could not hold everyone. 

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Perhaps they simply desire to 
create and saw in a mirror the 

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raw material for something 
grander than a sweating giant 

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sleeping in the fog. 
The texts do not provide a clear

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motivation and maybe that 
absence is itself meaningful. 

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Creation, often begins with an 
act. 

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That resists easy explanation. 
The brothers attacked Demir. 

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The fight must have been 
something to witness, three 

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against one. 
Colossus that the text Skip. 

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Quickly passed the violence to 
focus on what came after. 

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When a myth fell so much blood 
poured from his wounds that it 

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created a flood. 
All of the Giants drowned in 

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that, Crimson delusion, except 
for one named named burglar who 

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escaped with his wife, in a boat
made from a hollow tree trunk. 

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These two survivors would 
repopulate the giant race 

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ensuring that the conflicts 
between gods and Giants would 

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continue through all the ages to
come. 

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The Three Brothers stood in the 
aftermath surrounded by the 

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courts of the first being and an
ocean of his blood. 

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Rather than waste the 
opportunity, they began the work

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of creation, they lifted amir's 
body and carried it to the 

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center of ginaga Gap. 
From his flesh, the shaped the 

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Earth itself. 
You walk on him. 

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Mia's body. 
Whenever you step outside the 

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soil Beneath Your Feet, the clay
and Loman rock. 

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All of it was once the substance
of that first giant, his blood 

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became the Seas and lakes and 
rivers, every body of water, you

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have ever seen or swim in or 
sailed across, as its ultimate 

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origin in the veins of a 
murdered Colossus. 

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The brothers used him as bones 
to create mountains, the great 

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Rocky. 
Spines that divide continents, 

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and scraped the sky were once 
the skeletal structure of the 

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first living thing. 
His teeth and fragments of 

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broken bone, became stones and 
Pebbles scattered across the new

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Earth. 
His hair grew into forests, each

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tree, descended from a single 
strand, his skull became the 

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Dome of the sky, massive and 
arched and held a LOFT at Four 

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Corners by four dwarves, the 
Brothers created for that 

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purpose. 
The dwarfs had names that 

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pointed to Cardinal Direction's,
though. 

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The specifics matter, less than 
the image of the standing. 

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At the world's Corners, 
straining under the weight of 

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Heaven, the brothers took him as
brains and threw them into the 

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sky to become clouds. 
You see them drift overhead on 

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summer days. 
Those last confused thoughts of 

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the first giant shaped into 
white and gray formation by 

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winds that did not exist when he
was alive. 

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They play Sparks from muspelheim
into the sky to serve as stars 

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and sun and moon, the sun and 
moon were set in chariots drawn 

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by horses. 
And the Brothers created two 

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wolves to chase these Celestial 
Vehicles across the sky. 

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One, wolf pursued, the Sun, the 
other, the moon, and their 

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Eternal hunt provided the engine
of day and night. 

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Sometimes the Wolves Drew close 
enough that their jaws briefly 

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eclipsed their prey and people 
on the Earth Below witnessed the

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darkness and called it an ill 
Omen. 

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The Brothers created a 
fortification around the world 

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they had made, they took him as 
eyelashes and formed a 

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protective barrier. 
A kind of circular fence that 

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separated the ordered middle 
realm from the chaotic outer 

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edges, where Giants might still 
roam. 

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This protected area, they called
midgard, the middle. 

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Enclosure the realm, where 
humans would eventually live 

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beyond midgard's protective, 
boundary late utgaard. 

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The outer territories were 
rules, bent differently, and 

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size and strength mattered, more
than wit, or craft. 

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You can rest now in the 
knowledge that the world has 

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taken shape. 
What began as ice and fire and 

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emptiness has become something 
structured, layered meaningful. 

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The Three Brothers have 
committed Cosmic murder and 

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alchemized that crime into 
creation. 

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Emir is dead, but also More 
Alive than before his body 

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transformed into the stage where
every story to come will unfold.

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The void has been filled with 
purpose and the cosmos has its 

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first geography. 
The brother stood back and 

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examined. 
What they had made from yume's 

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Remains the Earth stretched out 
in all directions, sees 

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reflecting the new Sky mountains
imposing their shapes on the 

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horizon. 
Something was missing the world 

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had formed, but lacked structure
had substance but needed 

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connection. 
What came next would link 

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everything into a single 
coherent system, though. 

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The word system suggests more 
order than the North Cosmos 

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actually possessed in the center
of Creation, The Brothers, 

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planted seed What Grew From that
seed was igil pronounced IG Dr. 

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Joseph, the world tree and you 
should understand that. 

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This was not an ordinary ash 
tree. 

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That happened to be very large. 
Igil connected. 

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All the Realms that would be 
created its roots delved into 

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different Wells of power. 
Its trunk formed, the axis of 

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existence and its branches 
reached in to every possible 

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corner of reality. 
The tree was so vast that its 

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upper branches, brushed against 
the sky itself, creating shelter

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and shade for the entire Cosmos.
Three great Roots supported 

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actress Hill and each route 
reached into a different realm 

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and Drew sustained from a 
different source. 

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First root descended into Asgard
home of the gods that the 

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brothers would establish. 
Beneath this route, lay The Well

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of urd attended by three women, 
whose important you will come to

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understand. 
The second root stretched down 

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into hilton-hecht. 
At the end of this route 

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bubbled, The Well of mimir whose
Waters held wisdom. 

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So profound that even Odin would
sacrifice an eye to drink from 

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it. 
The third route reached into 

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nihl, the Frozen realm that 
existed before creation. 

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And there it dipped into burglar
The Roaring Spring from which 

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the original rivers of ice had 
flowed. 

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The tree teemed with life, a 
great eagle perched in. 

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Its upper branches, its eyes 
sharp enough to see everything 

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that occurred in all the Realms 
between the Eagles eyes. 

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Set a hawk named Vader whose 
purpose remains pleasingly 

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unclear in the old stories. 
Perhaps the hawk served as the 

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Eagles Scout or perhaps, it's 
simply enjoyed the view from 

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such a lofty height. 
At the base of the tree noring 

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00:12:26,100 --> 00:12:29,500
constantly at the route that 
descended into niplheim, lived a

231
00:12:29,500 --> 00:12:32,600
dragon called nidhogg. 
This serpent chewed at the root 

232
00:12:32,600 --> 00:12:35,400
with eternal patience, working 
to undermine the trees 

233
00:12:35,400 --> 00:12:37,700
Foundation. 
You might think this made 

234
00:12:37,700 --> 00:12:40,800
nidhogg of villain but the tree 
never fell despite the constant 

235
00:12:40,800 --> 00:12:43,200
noring. 
So perhaps the dragon served a 

236
00:12:43,200 --> 00:12:46,200
purpose too. 
The squirrel named ratatosk ran 

237
00:12:46,200 --> 00:12:49,200
up and down the trunk of a big 
drill carrying insults between 

238
00:12:49,200 --> 00:12:52,400
the Eagle at the top and the 
dragon at the bottom The eagle 

239
00:12:52,400 --> 00:12:54,500
would make some comment about 
the dragon's appearance or 

240
00:12:54,500 --> 00:12:57,500
habits and ratatosk. 
Would Scamper down to deliver 

241
00:12:57,500 --> 00:13:01,100
the insult with obvious relish. 
The dragon would respond with 

242
00:13:01,100 --> 00:13:03,500
its own cutting remarks and 
ratatosk. 

243
00:13:03,500 --> 00:13:05,400
Would race back up to report 
them to the eagle. 

244
00:13:05,400 --> 00:13:08,900
This pointless exchange 
continued throughout all of time

245
00:13:08,900 --> 00:13:12,600
which says something either very
profound or very silly about the

246
00:13:12,600 --> 00:13:15,400
nature of the cosmos, perhaps 
both. 

247
00:13:16,900 --> 00:13:20,100
For Staggs wandered among the 
branches of Idris Elba. 

248
00:13:20,100 --> 00:13:25,500
Nibbling at its leaves and new 
shoots, their names were Darner 

249
00:13:25,500 --> 00:13:30,000
and raw and they represented the
Four Winds or the Four Seasons, 

250
00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:33,600
or simply themselves depending 
on which interpretation you 

251
00:13:33,600 --> 00:13:37,000
prefer. 
More than anyone bothered to 

252
00:13:37,000 --> 00:13:39,100
count coiled around the roots, 
though. 

253
00:13:39,100 --> 00:13:40,900
None were a significant as 
nidhogg. 

254
00:13:42,200 --> 00:13:44,600
Tree dripped with a substance 
called honeydew. 

255
00:13:44,600 --> 00:13:49,300
Sweet and nourishing, which fell
like rain and fed the existence 

256
00:13:49,300 --> 00:13:53,000
below. 
But it was not Immortal or 

257
00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:57,200
invulnerable. 
Tree suffered the eagle and the 

258
00:13:57,200 --> 00:13:59,500
dragon were not the only threats
to its World. 

259
00:13:59,500 --> 00:14:03,500
Being the Stags ate its leaves 
faster than they could grow 

260
00:14:03,500 --> 00:14:06,800
back. 
Nid Hogs, teeth wore grooves 

261
00:14:06,800 --> 00:14:09,600
ever deeper into the root the 
tree rotted. 

262
00:14:09,600 --> 00:14:13,400
In places showing patches of 
Decay that no amount of honeydew

263
00:14:13,400 --> 00:14:16,500
could heal yet. 
Still it stood and still it 

264
00:14:16,500 --> 00:14:18,300
connected everything to 
everything else. 

265
00:14:19,200 --> 00:14:22,900
The trees suffering was part of 
its nature, not a flaw but a 

266
00:14:22,900 --> 00:14:25,800
feature. 
Idris El held up the cosmos 

267
00:14:25,800 --> 00:14:28,800
precisely because it bore the 
weight of that Duty, not despite

268
00:14:28,800 --> 00:14:31,500
it. 
The Well of herds sat beneath 

269
00:14:31,500 --> 00:14:35,000
the route that extended into 
Asgard, And three women tended 

270
00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:36,200
this. 
Well, with daily care. 

271
00:14:37,100 --> 00:14:40,600
Their names were heard the Dandy
and schooled and they are often 

272
00:14:40,600 --> 00:14:43,500
called the Norms though. 
That title carries implications,

273
00:14:43,500 --> 00:14:45,400
the original text did not always
support. 

274
00:14:46,200 --> 00:14:49,100
Bird represented, what had been 
the Dandy represented? 

275
00:14:49,100 --> 00:14:52,200
What was becoming and school'd 
represented, what should or 

276
00:14:52,200 --> 00:14:55,600
might be They drew water from 
the well, each day and mixed it 

277
00:14:55,600 --> 00:14:58,300
with the mud from around the 
world to create a mixture. 

278
00:14:58,300 --> 00:15:01,800
They poured over he could drills
route This daily maintenance 

279
00:15:01,800 --> 00:15:05,100
kept the tree alive, despite all
the forces working to destroy 

280
00:15:05,100 --> 00:15:07,300
it. 
The Norms also determined the 

281
00:15:07,300 --> 00:15:10,600
fate of being throughout the 
nine Realms, they wove, or 

282
00:15:10,600 --> 00:15:13,100
carved or somehow set the course
of lives though. 

283
00:15:13,100 --> 00:15:15,300
Different stories describe their
method differently. 

284
00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:19,000
Sometimes they appear as kindly 
women, who attend births and 

285
00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:22,600
bless newborns with Destinies. 
Sometimes they seem more 

286
00:15:22,600 --> 00:15:26,000
impersonal, like physical laws 
that simply operate without 

287
00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:27,700
regard for individual 
preference. 

288
00:15:28,600 --> 00:15:31,600
The old texts are inconsistent 
about whether the Norms could be

289
00:15:31,608 --> 00:15:35,200
appealed to, or bargained with 
and that inconsistency feels 

290
00:15:35,200 --> 00:15:37,700
appropriate. 
Fate in the Norse. 

291
00:15:37,700 --> 00:15:41,100
Worldview was not quite 
predestination and not quite 

292
00:15:41,100 --> 00:15:44,600
free will, but something 
slippery that existed between 

293
00:15:44,600 --> 00:15:48,200
those poles. 
With Idris El established as the

294
00:15:48,200 --> 00:15:51,900
cosmic access, the nine Realms 
could now be properly 

295
00:15:51,900 --> 00:15:55,200
distributed through its 
structure. the tree did not 

296
00:15:55,200 --> 00:15:58,600
create these Realms so much as 
organized them, provide them 

297
00:15:58,608 --> 00:16:01,700
with addresses in a new cosmic 
neighborhood, you should pick 

298
00:16:01,700 --> 00:16:05,000
the Realms not as planets in 
space, But as different layers 

299
00:16:05,000 --> 00:16:09,600
or Dimensions connected by the 
trees pathways Travel between 

300
00:16:09,600 --> 00:16:11,600
Realms was possible but not 
simple. 

301
00:16:11,600 --> 00:16:15,400
The gods had a Rainbow Bridge 
called by Frost that connected 

302
00:16:15,400 --> 00:16:18,400
Asgard to midgard. 
Its Colors shimmering in the 

303
00:16:18,400 --> 00:16:20,800
light. 
The bridge was strong enough to 

304
00:16:20,800 --> 00:16:24,500
support Gods on Horseback but it
would break during Ragnarok. 

305
00:16:24,500 --> 00:16:27,100
Under the weight of Giant's, 
marching toward War. 

306
00:16:28,200 --> 00:16:31,200
The creation of the world from 
Emmaus body and the 

307
00:16:31,200 --> 00:16:34,200
establishment of egter cell is 
the organizing principle of 

308
00:16:34,200 --> 00:16:37,200
existence represented. 
The first major chapter in The 

309
00:16:37,208 --> 00:16:42,200
Cosmic story, but it was not 
enough to have a stage there 

310
00:16:42,200 --> 00:16:45,800
needed to be actors audiences 
and supporting characters. 

311
00:16:46,600 --> 00:16:49,900
The nine Realms would provide 
that population each one 

312
00:16:49,900 --> 00:16:52,000
developing its own character and
concerns. 

313
00:16:53,300 --> 00:16:56,600
The brothers who killed Emir and
planted the world tree would 

314
00:16:56,600 --> 00:16:58,600
need to establish their home in 
the realm. 

315
00:16:58,600 --> 00:17:01,000
They called Asgard, the 
enclosure of the Gods. 

316
00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:04,700
But first you should understand 
the full map of where your 

317
00:17:04,700 --> 00:17:08,000
traveling tonight. 
The wells that fed egress Hills 

318
00:17:08,000 --> 00:17:10,700
Roots, held different properties
Beyond, Simple water. 

319
00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:15,900
The Well of urged sparkled with 
a Clarity that hurt to look at 

320
00:17:15,900 --> 00:17:20,800
directly its surface reflecting 
not what was but what could be? 

321
00:17:22,200 --> 00:17:25,700
The Norms Drew from each morning
and the water in their bucket 

322
00:17:25,700 --> 00:17:27,300
felt heavier than ordinary 
water. 

323
00:17:27,300 --> 00:17:32,800
As if possibility itself had 
weight The Well of mimir contain

324
00:17:32,800 --> 00:17:35,000
knowledge distilled into liquid 
form. 

325
00:17:35,900 --> 00:17:38,900
Single drop on the tongue would 
reveal truths that took life 

326
00:17:38,900 --> 00:17:42,900
time to understand. 
The sprinkled Virgo mirror 

327
00:17:42,900 --> 00:17:46,300
roared with a violence that 
never diminished its Waters 

328
00:17:46,300 --> 00:17:49,200
emerging from some Source deeper
than rock or soil. 

329
00:17:49,200 --> 00:17:53,500
That from the very foundations 
of existence, the cosmos was 

330
00:17:53,500 --> 00:17:55,600
ready. 
The infrastructure was in place,

331
00:17:55,608 --> 00:17:59,400
everything had its proper place 
and purpose from the eagle in 

332
00:17:59,400 --> 00:18:02,500
the Heights to the dragon, in 
the depths from the norns 

333
00:18:02,500 --> 00:18:05,400
weaving to the squirrel, 
delivering Petty, gossip between

334
00:18:05,400 --> 00:18:09,100
proud creatures, who would never
meet The world tree would stand 

335
00:18:09,100 --> 00:18:12,600
through ages and catastrophes 
linking everything together. 

336
00:18:12,600 --> 00:18:15,800
Even as it slowly succumbed to 
the accumulated damage of 

337
00:18:15,800 --> 00:18:18,900
existence. 
The stage was set for gods and 

338
00:18:18,900 --> 00:18:23,200
Giants humans and dwarves elves 
and other beings to play out 

339
00:18:23,200 --> 00:18:26,300
their roles in a drama that 
everyone somehow knew would end 

340
00:18:26,300 --> 00:18:28,800
in Fire. 
And renewal, You can navigate 

341
00:18:28,800 --> 00:18:32,000
the nine Realms if you think of 
yourself as having three levels 

342
00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:36,000
with three Realms, distributed 
at each level, the arrangement 

343
00:18:36,000 --> 00:18:39,300
is not perfectly symmetrical and
different sources provide 

344
00:18:39,300 --> 00:18:43,100
slightly different Maps, but you
can build a reliable, mental 

345
00:18:43,100 --> 00:18:44,800
picture. 
If you start at the top and work

346
00:18:44,800 --> 00:18:48,800
your way down, At the highest 
level supported by the branches 

347
00:18:48,800 --> 00:18:52,500
of Idris El sat Asgard, this was
the realm of the ace here. 

348
00:18:52,500 --> 00:18:55,400
The gods who had become the main
character in most of the 

349
00:18:55,408 --> 00:18:56,200
stories. 
You remember? 

350
00:18:57,100 --> 00:19:00,800
Picture Asgard is a fortified 
City with great Halls, made of 

351
00:19:00,800 --> 00:19:04,700
gold and precious materials that
would make any Earthly palace 

352
00:19:04,700 --> 00:19:08,700
look shabby by comparison. 
Each major God maintained their 

353
00:19:08,700 --> 00:19:12,300
own Hall furnished, according to
their personality and needs. 

354
00:19:12,300 --> 00:19:17,300
Odin, had Valhalla the Hall of 
the slain where Warriors killed 

355
00:19:17,300 --> 00:19:19,000
in battle. 
Would spend their afterlife 

356
00:19:19,000 --> 00:19:21,900
training for the final Conflict.
Thor. 

357
00:19:21,900 --> 00:19:25,700
Had bilsky near a hall with more
rooms than anyone could count. 

358
00:19:26,700 --> 00:19:30,600
Freyja had Sum near equally 
magnificent and reserved for the

359
00:19:30,608 --> 00:19:33,000
half of the battle slain. 
She claimed as her, right? 

360
00:19:34,000 --> 00:19:37,100
On the same level. 
As Asgard though, distinct from 

361
00:19:37,100 --> 00:19:41,100
it Lei van. 
This was the home of the veneer,

362
00:19:41,100 --> 00:19:44,100
a different tribe of gods about 
who less was recorded. 

363
00:19:45,000 --> 00:19:48,100
The veneer concerned themselves 
more with fertility and 

364
00:19:48,100 --> 00:19:49,700
prosperity than Warfare and 
wisdom. 

365
00:19:49,700 --> 00:19:52,900
They were associated with the 
Earth's Bounty with good 

366
00:19:52,900 --> 00:19:56,600
harvests and successful hunts. 
At some point in the distant 

367
00:19:56,600 --> 00:20:00,000
past the Assyrian veneer had 
fought a war, one of the first 

368
00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:04,200
conflicts in the cosmos, the war
ended in a truce and hostages 

369
00:20:04,200 --> 00:20:05,900
were exchanged to seal the 
piece. 

370
00:20:07,000 --> 00:20:10,500
Several vanir Gods came to live 
in Asgard including Freya and 

371
00:20:10,500 --> 00:20:13,600
her brother Freya and they 
became so integrated into the 

372
00:20:13,608 --> 00:20:16,300
easiest stories. 
That most later sources, barely 

373
00:20:16,300 --> 00:20:20,000
distinguish between the tribes. 
The Third Realm, on the top 

374
00:20:20,000 --> 00:20:22,500
level was alfheim land of the 
light elves. 

375
00:20:23,200 --> 00:20:26,600
These beings were beautiful and 
luminous associated with light. 

376
00:20:26,600 --> 00:20:30,000
And goodness though, the old 
texts provide frustratingly few 

377
00:20:30,000 --> 00:20:32,300
details about their daily lives 
or concerns. 

378
00:20:32,300 --> 00:20:34,100
The lighthouse kept to 
themselves. 

379
00:20:34,100 --> 00:20:37,100
Mostly governing their realm in 
ways that did not generate. 

380
00:20:37,100 --> 00:20:40,500
Many stories worth remembering. 
They're very vagueness, gives 

381
00:20:40,500 --> 00:20:43,700
them a dreamlike quality 
appropriate for being who 

382
00:20:43,700 --> 00:20:47,000
represented something ethereal 
and hard to pin down the middle.

383
00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:48,800
Level of eager to sill held the 
Realms. 

384
00:20:48,800 --> 00:20:51,300
Most relevant to the conflicts 
that would drive the cosmic 

385
00:20:51,300 --> 00:20:53,800
narrative forward. 
Midgard. 

386
00:20:53,800 --> 00:20:58,900
Occupied, the center position, 
the realm where humans lived In 

387
00:20:58,900 --> 00:21:01,200
midgard. 
Now reading these words or 

388
00:21:01,200 --> 00:21:05,300
hearing them in your mind, The 
brothers Odin, vili and V 

389
00:21:05,300 --> 00:21:09,000
created this realm, specifically
as a protected space for 

390
00:21:09,000 --> 00:21:12,400
Humanity. 
Using Yuma's eyelashes to form a

391
00:21:12,400 --> 00:21:14,200
barrier against the chaos 
Beyond. 

392
00:21:15,100 --> 00:21:18,800
Midgard was neither the highest 
nor the lowest realm, neither 

393
00:21:18,800 --> 00:21:22,300
the most powerful, nor the 
weakest, it occupied a middle 

394
00:21:22,300 --> 00:21:26,000
position in every sense which 
gave its inhabitants a unique 

395
00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:28,300
perspective. 
On the cosmic drama unfolding 

396
00:21:28,300 --> 00:21:31,800
around them. 
Jotunheim, sprawled to the east 

397
00:21:31,800 --> 00:21:36,300
of midgard, a realm of giants, 
where size and strength mattered

398
00:21:36,300 --> 00:21:39,900
more than wisdom or cunning. 
The landscape was wild and 

399
00:21:39,900 --> 00:21:44,000
dangerous full of mountains and 
forests and harsh weather. 

400
00:21:45,100 --> 00:21:47,800
The Giants who lived there came 
in many varieties. 

401
00:21:47,800 --> 00:21:51,500
Some were relatively civilized 
living in Halls not much 

402
00:21:51,500 --> 00:21:55,500
different from those in Asgard. 
Others were more Primal forces 

403
00:21:55,500 --> 00:21:59,200
than persons embodying natural 
phenomena like storms or 

404
00:21:59,200 --> 00:22:02,300
earthquakes. 
The Giants were the gods enemies

405
00:22:02,300 --> 00:22:05,100
in most stories yet. 
Also their relatives and 

406
00:22:05,100 --> 00:22:09,000
occasionally their lovers. 
Many gods had giant ancestry 

407
00:22:09,000 --> 00:22:11,600
through their mothers or 
grandmothers and Odin himself 

408
00:22:11,600 --> 00:22:16,000
was descended from bestler. 
The giantess who married Bohr. 

409
00:22:16,800 --> 00:22:19,500
If you could somehow visit your 
ternheim, you would feel the 

410
00:22:19,500 --> 00:22:23,400
difference in the air itself. 
The wind there blue harder 

411
00:22:23,400 --> 00:22:26,300
carrying the center of stone and
distance. 

412
00:22:27,300 --> 00:22:30,600
The sky seemed closer as if the 
clouds were Within Reach. 

413
00:22:31,400 --> 00:22:34,300
Rivers ran fast and cold 
carving. 

414
00:22:34,300 --> 00:22:38,500
Gorgeous through ancient Rock. 
Forest Creedence enough to block

415
00:22:38,500 --> 00:22:41,700
out the sun, even at midday 
their trees, gnarled and 

416
00:22:41,700 --> 00:22:45,600
massive, the halls of frost 
Giants echoed with rough 

417
00:22:45,600 --> 00:22:48,600
laughter and boasting, with 
contests of strength. 

418
00:22:48,600 --> 00:22:50,900
That would cripple a normal 
being yet. 

419
00:22:50,900 --> 00:22:53,300
There was also a wild beauty to 
Yoda and high. 

420
00:22:53,300 --> 00:22:56,500
A rawness that the more ordered 
Realms had lost in their 

421
00:22:56,500 --> 00:22:59,900
cultivation. 
Sparked alfheim was the realm of

422
00:22:59,900 --> 00:23:03,400
the Dark Elves or dwarves 
depending on which translation 

423
00:23:03,400 --> 00:23:06,900
you trust. these beings lived 
underground or in mountains, 

424
00:23:06,900 --> 00:23:10,700
Master craftsmen, who could 
Forge objects of impossible 

425
00:23:10,700 --> 00:23:16,400
quality Almost every significant
magical item in Norse mythology,

426
00:23:16,400 --> 00:23:22,000
came from the dwarves workshops.
They created Thor's hammer, Odin

427
00:23:22,000 --> 00:23:24,900
Spear and freya's necklace. 
They wove. 

428
00:23:24,900 --> 00:23:28,900
The chains that bound fenrir the
wolf and crafted the golden hair

429
00:23:28,900 --> 00:23:32,700
that replaced and natural Locs 
after Loki, cut them in a fit of

430
00:23:32,700 --> 00:23:35,500
mischief. 
The dwarves were short and 

431
00:23:35,500 --> 00:23:38,900
strong and skilled preferring 
Darkness to sunlight. 

432
00:23:40,200 --> 00:23:43,200
Some stories claim that direct 
sunlight would turn a dwarf to 

433
00:23:43,200 --> 00:23:46,400
Stone which neatly explained why
they stayed Underground. 

434
00:23:47,800 --> 00:23:51,900
Was sometimes listed as a 
separate realm from Sparta High.

435
00:23:52,700 --> 00:23:55,500
Sometimes treated as the same 
place under a different name, 

436
00:23:55,500 --> 00:23:59,500
the texts are inconsistent. 
And you should not worry too 

437
00:23:59,500 --> 00:24:02,900
much about the distinction. 
What matters is understanding 

438
00:24:02,900 --> 00:24:06,200
that somewhere in the middle 
level of Idris, El being with 

439
00:24:06,200 --> 00:24:09,400
extraordinary crafting 
abilities, maintain their forges

440
00:24:09,400 --> 00:24:13,300
and workshops producing one. 
Does that even Gods could not 

441
00:24:13,300 --> 00:24:16,700
replicate. 
The lowest level of igil, held 

442
00:24:16,700 --> 00:24:21,400
the Realms associated with cold,
death, and primordial forces. 

443
00:24:22,500 --> 00:24:26,500
Niffelheim, the realm of ice and
missed that existed before 

444
00:24:26,500 --> 00:24:30,800
creation remained at this level.
It's Rivers still flowed from 

445
00:24:30,800 --> 00:24:33,500
Virgo. 
Mere still carried, the Venom 

446
00:24:33,500 --> 00:24:36,200
that had mixed with fire to 
create the first life. 

447
00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:41,400
Nephilim was less a place where 
beings lived and more, a 

448
00:24:41,400 --> 00:24:43,200
fundamental condition of the 
cosmos. 

449
00:24:43,200 --> 00:24:47,900
The bass line of Frozen Darkness
against which warmth and light 

450
00:24:47,900 --> 00:24:51,100
could be measured. 
Helheim was the realm of the 

451
00:24:51,100 --> 00:24:54,600
Dead ruled by a goddess named 
Hell, who was one of Loki's 

452
00:24:54,600 --> 00:24:58,100
three monstrous children. 
Most people who passed away went

453
00:24:58,100 --> 00:25:01,100
to helheim not because they were
Wicked, but simply because they 

454
00:25:01,100 --> 00:25:03,900
succumbed to illness or old age 
rather than in battle. 

455
00:25:04,700 --> 00:25:06,200
Helheim was not a place of 
punishment. 

456
00:25:06,200 --> 00:25:08,900
Like the Christian hell is 
superficially resembled? 

457
00:25:09,600 --> 00:25:13,300
It was cold and gloomy and 
cheerless but not actively 

458
00:25:13,300 --> 00:25:16,200
torturous. 
The dead dwell there in a kind 

459
00:25:16,208 --> 00:25:20,100
of shadowy, existence neither 
suffering or particularly happy.

460
00:25:21,100 --> 00:25:24,000
Held herself was described as 
half alive, and half dead. 

461
00:25:24,800 --> 00:25:29,400
A body divided by color, one 
side healthy and one side. 

462
00:25:29,400 --> 00:25:33,200
Corpse-like. 
She presided over her realm with

463
00:25:33,200 --> 00:25:37,200
disinterested efficiency, 
neither cruel, nor kind. 

464
00:25:38,400 --> 00:25:41,400
The journey to helheim took nine
days down the road called 

465
00:25:41,400 --> 00:25:43,600
helveg. 
The Landscape Group 

466
00:25:43,600 --> 00:25:45,100
progressively, darker and 
colder. 

467
00:25:46,000 --> 00:25:49,500
Trees became stunted and 
leafless the ground turned hard 

468
00:25:49,500 --> 00:25:52,800
beneath the feet. 
Eventually, Travelers reached a 

469
00:25:52,800 --> 00:25:55,200
river called, Gull crossed by a 
bridge. 

470
00:25:55,200 --> 00:25:59,100
Covered in glittering gold and 
giantess named mud guarded. 

471
00:25:59,100 --> 00:26:01,800
This bridge. 
Questioning each traveler about 

472
00:26:01,800 --> 00:26:05,300
their name and lineage. 
Passed the bridge to Gates that 

473
00:26:05,300 --> 00:26:08,200
only opened for those whose time
had truly come. 

474
00:26:08,200 --> 00:26:12,800
He'll heimes Halls stretched 
vast and empty capable of 

475
00:26:12,800 --> 00:26:16,100
holding all the dead from all 
the ages, yet somehow always 

476
00:26:16,100 --> 00:26:19,300
feeling desperate rather than 
crowded, Musk. 

477
00:26:19,300 --> 00:26:22,500
Bellheim, the realm of fire that
balanced niffle Hines ice 

478
00:26:22,500 --> 00:26:24,500
remained at the lowest level as 
well. 

479
00:26:25,700 --> 00:26:28,300
To still stood guard. 
Their with his flaming sword, 

480
00:26:28,300 --> 00:26:31,500
waiting patiently for the day 
when he would lead the fire 

481
00:26:31,500 --> 00:26:33,800
giant out of their realm and 
burn the world. 

482
00:26:34,900 --> 00:26:39,100
Muslim was heat and light and 
consuming Flame. 

483
00:26:39,900 --> 00:26:42,700
The opposite in every way of 
Frozen niplheim. 

484
00:26:43,600 --> 00:26:46,600
The are there would sear mortal 
lungs instantly. 

485
00:26:46,600 --> 00:26:50,500
The ground was molten rock 
constantly shifting and 

486
00:26:50,500 --> 00:26:54,800
reforming Flames danced. 
Without fuel existing, simply 

487
00:26:54,800 --> 00:26:58,300
because muspelheim was the realm
where fire belonged together. 

488
00:26:58,300 --> 00:27:02,100
These two Realms form. 
The fundamental Duality that had

489
00:27:02,100 --> 00:27:03,500
sparked Creation in the first 
place. 

490
00:27:03,500 --> 00:27:07,200
The nine Realms were not equal 
in importance or size. 

491
00:27:07,200 --> 00:27:10,600
Some featured prominently in 
many stories, While others 

492
00:27:10,600 --> 00:27:14,500
received, barely a mentioned. 
Travel between Realms was 

493
00:27:14,500 --> 00:27:18,000
possible but not common. 
The gods could move relatively 

494
00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:21,500
freely, using the Rainbow Bridge
by Frost or other methods. 

495
00:27:22,300 --> 00:27:24,100
Giants. 
Sometimes raided into other 

496
00:27:24,100 --> 00:27:27,200
Realms or lured Gods into high 
through trickery. 

497
00:27:27,900 --> 00:27:31,500
Humans generally stayed in 
midgard except for warriors who 

498
00:27:31,500 --> 00:27:33,700
succumbed in battle and journey 
to Valhalla. 

499
00:27:33,700 --> 00:27:37,000
Although those few Heroes who 
undertook quests that required 

500
00:27:37,000 --> 00:27:40,300
visiting other realms. 
You should understand that these

501
00:27:40,300 --> 00:27:44,100
nine Realms were not distant 
planets in physical space. the 

502
00:27:44,100 --> 00:27:48,000
occupied, the same Cosmic 
vicinity, layered or folded in 

503
00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:51,700
ways that made them 
simultaneously close and far You

504
00:27:51,700 --> 00:27:54,200
could not reach Asgard by 
building a tall enough Tower, 

505
00:27:54,200 --> 00:27:57,300
but you might accidentally 
stumble into ottenheim. 

506
00:27:57,300 --> 00:28:00,600
If you wanted too far into wild 
places, the boundaries were more

507
00:28:00,608 --> 00:28:03,700
conceptual Than Physical 
maintained by the structure of 

508
00:28:03,708 --> 00:28:07,200
agley and the intention of the 
beings who inhabited each Realm 

509
00:28:08,100 --> 00:28:12,600
The tree connected, everything 
its roots drank from Wells of 

510
00:28:12,600 --> 00:28:15,400
power. 
Its trunk, provided Pathways 

511
00:28:15,400 --> 00:28:19,100
between levels, its branches 
offered purchases for those who 

512
00:28:19,100 --> 00:28:23,800
desire, a wide of you, The nine 
Realms existed as a family of 

513
00:28:23,800 --> 00:28:28,100
siblings different in character 
and purpose but sharing the same

514
00:28:28,100 --> 00:28:31,700
Cosmic household. 
This was the geography that 

515
00:28:31,700 --> 00:28:35,600
framed every story. 
The playing field where gods and

516
00:28:35,600 --> 00:28:39,900
Giants and humans would act out 
their parts in the long drama 

517
00:28:39,900 --> 00:28:42,400
between creation and 
destruction. 

518
00:28:42,400 --> 00:28:45,700
The gods who made their home in 
Asgard, were neither all 

519
00:28:45,700 --> 00:28:49,600
powerful or perfect. 
They could be killed though. 

520
00:28:49,600 --> 00:28:51,600
They had found ways to Stave off
aging. 

521
00:28:51,600 --> 00:28:55,300
They made mistakes. 
Acted on Petty, jealousies 

522
00:28:55,300 --> 00:28:57,700
played tricks on each other for 
entertainment. 

523
00:28:57,700 --> 00:29:01,600
Their immortality made them 
different from humans in degree,

524
00:29:01,600 --> 00:29:05,900
but not necessarily in kind. 
This might be why their stories 

525
00:29:05,900 --> 00:29:08,500
feel more approachable than 
Tales of more remote and 

526
00:29:08,500 --> 00:29:12,300
omnipotent deities. 
Odin stands at the center of the

527
00:29:12,300 --> 00:29:14,300
pantheon. 
Not because he was the 

528
00:29:14,300 --> 00:29:18,000
strongest, but because he 
collected the most knowledge, he

529
00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:21,000
gave up one of his eyes to drink
from Mimi's, well of wisdom. 

530
00:29:21,900 --> 00:29:25,400
The trade was Stark and 
permanent Odin approached. 

531
00:29:25,400 --> 00:29:28,400
The well asked for a drink and 
Mimi told him the price. 

532
00:29:29,100 --> 00:29:32,600
Odin did not hesitate. 
Plucked out his own eye and 

533
00:29:32,600 --> 00:29:35,800
dropped it into the well or it 
sank to the bottom and remained.

534
00:29:36,500 --> 00:29:39,100
Staring up through the clear 
water for all time. 

535
00:29:39,800 --> 00:29:42,600
The knowledge he gained from 
that single drink made him the 

536
00:29:42,600 --> 00:29:46,000
wisest of all beings. 
The wisdom did not always bring 

537
00:29:46,000 --> 00:29:50,000
Comfort or happiness. 
Odin's, thirst for knowledge. 

538
00:29:50,000 --> 00:29:54,300
Drove him to stranger lengths. 
He hanged himself from Idris elf

539
00:29:54,300 --> 00:29:58,700
and 9 days and nights pierced by
his own spear without food or 

540
00:29:58,700 --> 00:30:01,100
water. 
This self-sacrifice to himself, 

541
00:30:01,100 --> 00:30:04,500
unlock the secrets of the rooms,
the written characters that held

542
00:30:04,500 --> 00:30:07,700
power Beyond, Simple, 
communication, The runes could 

543
00:30:07,700 --> 00:30:12,200
heal or curse protect or reveal 
depending on how they were 

544
00:30:12,200 --> 00:30:14,200
carved and what purpose they 
were giving. 

545
00:30:15,300 --> 00:30:18,100
Odin shared this knowledge with 
others, but the act of learning 

546
00:30:18,100 --> 00:30:21,900
it nearly killed even him. 
He wanted the nine Realms in 

547
00:30:21,900 --> 00:30:24,700
Disguise appearing. 
As an old man with a wide 

548
00:30:24,700 --> 00:30:26,700
brimmed hat. 
Pulled low to high, his missing 

549
00:30:26,700 --> 00:30:29,100
eye. 
He had many names depending on 

550
00:30:29,100 --> 00:30:30,500
which face he presented to the 
world. 

551
00:30:30,500 --> 00:30:34,100
The old texts list more than 200
names for Odin. 

552
00:30:34,100 --> 00:30:36,800
Each one highlighting a 
different aspect of his complex 

553
00:30:36,800 --> 00:30:39,600
character. 
He was the old father, the god 

554
00:30:39,600 --> 00:30:42,400
of war and poetry ruler of the 
Dead who fell in battle? 

555
00:30:42,400 --> 00:30:45,200
He kept two Ravens named hugin 
and munin. 

556
00:30:45,200 --> 00:30:48,600
Who flew through the worlds each
day and returned to whisper what

557
00:30:48,600 --> 00:30:52,000
they had seen into his ears. 
Their names meant thought and 

558
00:30:52,000 --> 00:30:55,200
memory and Odin, feared losing 
them more than he feared losing 

559
00:30:55,200 --> 00:30:58,700
his other eye, two wolves 
accompanied in wherever he 

560
00:30:58,700 --> 00:31:01,000
traveled. 
They were massive creatures that

561
00:31:01,000 --> 00:31:03,800
served as both Companions and 
symbols of his power. 

562
00:31:04,600 --> 00:31:08,900
At feasts in Valhalla, Odin gave
all his food to his wolves 

563
00:31:08,900 --> 00:31:11,600
sustaining himself entirely on 
wine. 

564
00:31:12,500 --> 00:31:15,800
This detail reveals something 
about his nature, he was 

565
00:31:15,808 --> 00:31:19,000
excessive in his pursuit of 
knowledge and power willing to 

566
00:31:19,000 --> 00:31:22,300
sacrifice comfort and even 
sustenance for what he deemed 

567
00:31:22,300 --> 00:31:25,200
more important. 
Thor was Odin's, son. 

568
00:31:25,208 --> 00:31:29,200
Though, his mother was jawed a 
giant he whose name meant Earth.

569
00:31:30,100 --> 00:31:33,400
This made Thor both God and 
giant the combination that 

570
00:31:33,400 --> 00:31:36,300
shaped his character. 
He was the strongest of all 

571
00:31:36,300 --> 00:31:40,000
beings capable of Feats that 
made even other gods, shake 

572
00:31:40,000 --> 00:31:48,800
their heads in amazement. his 
Hammam, yolnahkriin The hammer 

573
00:31:48,800 --> 00:31:52,300
was short-handled a floor 
introduced during its forging 

574
00:31:52,300 --> 00:31:55,900
when Loki interfered with the 
dwarf Craftsmen Thor, wore a 

575
00:31:55,900 --> 00:31:58,500
belt that doubled his already 
prodigious strength and iron 

576
00:31:58,500 --> 00:32:01,600
gloves that let him grip me on 
his shaft despite the heat of 

577
00:32:01,608 --> 00:32:04,600
its forging. 
Thor protected, Asgard and 

578
00:32:04,600 --> 00:32:07,500
midgard from Giants, who 
constantly scheme to breach 

579
00:32:07,500 --> 00:32:10,800
their boundaries. 
He wrote through the sky in a 

580
00:32:10,800 --> 00:32:13,800
chariot pulled by Two Goats 
named tangri, near and Tang 

581
00:32:13,800 --> 00:32:16,700
Yost, whose names meant 
something like Teeth Bearer and 

582
00:32:16,708 --> 00:32:19,700
teeth grinder. 
The goats had a useful property.

583
00:32:20,400 --> 00:32:23,300
Thor could Slaughter and eat 
them for dinner, then resurrect 

584
00:32:23,300 --> 00:32:25,400
them the next morning by 
blessing their bones with his 

585
00:32:25,400 --> 00:32:28,600
hammer. 
This provided an endless supply 

586
00:32:28,600 --> 00:32:30,900
of food during long Journeys, 
though. 

587
00:32:30,900 --> 00:32:34,100
You had to be careful not to 
break any bones while eating all

588
00:32:34,100 --> 00:32:35,900
the resurrected goat would be 
lame. 

589
00:32:36,800 --> 00:32:39,700
Thor was not subtle or 
particularly clever, he 

590
00:32:39,700 --> 00:32:43,100
preferred Direct Solutions and 
was quick to anger when faced 

591
00:32:43,100 --> 00:32:48,300
with deception or insults. 
Many stories feature Thor being 

592
00:32:48,300 --> 00:32:52,100
tricked by Giants. 
Falling into traps that Odin 

593
00:32:52,100 --> 00:32:54,300
would have seen through 
immediately yet. 

594
00:32:54,300 --> 00:32:57,900
Thor's, directness was also his 
strength, he did not overthink 

595
00:32:57,900 --> 00:33:01,900
or plot elaborate schemes. 
When a problem needed smashing 

596
00:33:01,900 --> 00:33:04,200
Thor was the god you wanted on 
your side. 

597
00:33:05,000 --> 00:33:08,000
Freak was Odin's wife. 
A goddess associated with 

598
00:33:08,000 --> 00:33:11,900
marriage motherhood and domestic
life. she knew the fates of all 

599
00:33:11,900 --> 00:33:15,200
beings but kept that knowledge 
to herself speaking prophecy, 

600
00:33:15,200 --> 00:33:19,000
only rarely Her Hall was called 
fenza. 

601
00:33:19,000 --> 00:33:23,200
The Hall of marshes though why 
she chose such a location 

602
00:33:23,200 --> 00:33:26,900
remains unclear. 
Frig was one of the few beings 

603
00:33:26,900 --> 00:33:29,800
who could sit on Odin's High 
seat and see all that occurred 

604
00:33:29,800 --> 00:33:32,900
throughout the nine realms. 
She had her own group of 

605
00:33:32,900 --> 00:33:36,500
attendance and handmaidens each 
responsible for different 

606
00:33:36,500 --> 00:33:40,700
aspects of life. 
The text suggests that frigg was

607
00:33:40,708 --> 00:33:44,400
more powerful than most stories,
acknowledge her influence quiet 

608
00:33:44,400 --> 00:33:49,200
but pervasive Freya, came to 
Asgard as one of the vanir 

609
00:33:49,200 --> 00:33:52,000
hostages after the war between 
the two tribes of Gods. 

610
00:33:52,700 --> 00:33:57,100
She was associated with love 
beauty, fertility, and war. 

611
00:33:57,100 --> 00:34:01,700
That combination might seem odd,
but Freya, embodied the fierce 

612
00:34:01,700 --> 00:34:03,800
protective love. 
That would fight to defend what 

613
00:34:03,800 --> 00:34:06,300
it cherished. 
She owned a necklace called 

614
00:34:06,300 --> 00:34:08,600
braising garment, that was so 
beautiful. 

615
00:34:08,600 --> 00:34:11,800
It drove the dwarves who crafted
it to demand a high price for 

616
00:34:11,800 --> 00:34:15,900
its possession of She wept tears
of gold when her husband went 

617
00:34:15,900 --> 00:34:19,699
missing on Long Journeys. 
She taught Odin a form of magic 

618
00:34:19,699 --> 00:34:23,900
called seder, which involved, 
trance State and prophecy and 

619
00:34:23,900 --> 00:34:26,300
was considered somewhat shameful
for men to practice. 

620
00:34:27,300 --> 00:34:30,300
Freer claimed, half of all 
Warriors, who succumbed in 

621
00:34:30,300 --> 00:34:33,699
battle taking her pick before 
Odin's Valkyries collected the 

622
00:34:33,699 --> 00:34:37,000
rest for Valhalla. 
Where those Warriors went after,

623
00:34:37,000 --> 00:34:39,600
she claimed them was less 
documented than valhalla's 

624
00:34:39,600 --> 00:34:42,199
feasting halls. 
But presumably they spent 

625
00:34:42,199 --> 00:34:46,100
eternity in her whole setrum 
near which was described as vast

626
00:34:46,100 --> 00:34:49,600
and beautiful. 
Freya's brother Freya was 

627
00:34:49,608 --> 00:34:53,600
equally important, a god of 
fertility and prosperity, whose 

628
00:34:53,600 --> 00:34:55,600
blessings ensured good harvests 
and healthy. 

629
00:34:55,600 --> 00:34:58,900
Livestock, he owned a ship that 
could be folded up and carried 

630
00:34:58,900 --> 00:35:03,000
in a pocket when not in use and 
a ball with golden bristles that

631
00:35:03,000 --> 00:35:06,200
could run through air and sea 
faster than any horse. 

632
00:35:07,200 --> 00:35:10,600
Tier was a god of war and 
Justice one handed. 

633
00:35:10,600 --> 00:35:13,900
After his right hand was bitten 
off by fenrir the wolf. 

634
00:35:14,900 --> 00:35:17,900
That was came about because tier
was, the only God brave enough 

635
00:35:17,900 --> 00:35:22,000
to place his hand in fenrir's 
mouth as a pledge of good faith.

636
00:35:22,000 --> 00:35:25,400
While the gods bound the wolf 
with unbreakable chains. 

637
00:35:26,900 --> 00:35:30,200
When fenrir realized he'd been 
tricked and the chains would not

638
00:35:30,200 --> 00:35:33,900
break he bit down and severed 
tears hand at the wrist. 

639
00:35:34,700 --> 00:35:36,900
Tear. 
This would happen replaced. 

640
00:35:36,900 --> 00:35:40,100
His hand in the wolf's mouth 
anyway, because the alternative 

641
00:35:40,100 --> 00:35:43,100
was letting fenrir remain free 
to threaten all of existence. 

642
00:35:44,600 --> 00:35:48,000
Heimdall guarded the Rainbow 
Bridge by Frost watching for 

643
00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:50,100
Giants who might try to attack 
Asgard. 

644
00:35:50,800 --> 00:35:54,300
He had senses so acute, he could
hear grass growing in midgard 

645
00:35:54,300 --> 00:35:58,400
and wool growing on sheep. 
He needed less sleep than a 

646
00:35:58,400 --> 00:36:01,200
bird. 
His horn golaha would sound when

647
00:36:01,200 --> 00:36:05,300
Ragnarok began its blast 
carrying through all nine Realms

648
00:36:05,300 --> 00:36:09,200
to announce that the final 
battle had commenced Heimdall 

649
00:36:09,200 --> 00:36:13,300
was patient and solitary content
to stand, watch while other gods

650
00:36:13,300 --> 00:36:17,900
held feasts and told stories. 
Baldur was the most beautiful 

651
00:36:17,900 --> 00:36:22,400
and beloved of all gods, Odin 
and Frick's, son, impossibly, 

652
00:36:22,400 --> 00:36:26,100
pure and good. 
Everything loved balder except 

653
00:36:26,100 --> 00:36:28,800
for missile toe which would 
prove his undoing through 

654
00:36:28,800 --> 00:36:31,600
Loki's. 
Machinations his death would 

655
00:36:31,600 --> 00:36:33,700
begin. 
The sequence of events that led 

656
00:36:33,700 --> 00:36:37,500
in Everly to Ragnarok. 
The other gods mourned him more 

657
00:36:37,500 --> 00:36:41,300
than anyone had been more mold 
before and even hell agreed to 

658
00:36:41,300 --> 00:36:43,800
release him from her realm. 
If everything in all the world 

659
00:36:43,800 --> 00:36:47,400
would weep for him. 
Everything did weep Except for 

660
00:36:47,400 --> 00:36:50,100
one old giantess, who may have 
been Loki in disguise. 

661
00:36:51,800 --> 00:36:55,500
Because of that single refusal 
Bolder remained in helheim until

662
00:36:55,500 --> 00:36:58,800
after Ragnarok, when he would 
emerge into the renewed world. 

663
00:36:59,700 --> 00:37:03,300
The gods of Asgard spent their 
time, in Pursuits, both Grand 

664
00:37:03,300 --> 00:37:07,000
and Petty, they held feasts 
where they drank Mead and told 

665
00:37:07,000 --> 00:37:09,000
stories and boasted of their 
accomplishments. 

666
00:37:10,200 --> 00:37:14,000
The Mead came from a goat named 
hydran who stood on valhalla's 

667
00:37:14,000 --> 00:37:17,600
roof eating, the leaves of a 
tree called layer and from her 

668
00:37:17,600 --> 00:37:21,600
Udders flowed and endless supply
of mead enough to keep all the 

669
00:37:21,600 --> 00:37:26,200
energy are drunk every night. 
He stagnant named a Turner all. 

670
00:37:26,200 --> 00:37:29,600
So stood on valhalla's roof and 
watered, dripped from his 

671
00:37:29,600 --> 00:37:33,500
antlers to flow down through the
Realms, becoming the sources of 

672
00:37:33,500 --> 00:37:36,600
important rivers. 
The gods traveled to other 

673
00:37:36,600 --> 00:37:40,600
Realms on errands or Adventures.
They competed against each other

674
00:37:40,600 --> 00:37:42,600
in contests of strength or 
skill. 

675
00:37:42,600 --> 00:37:45,900
They worry about the Giants who 
were always probing for 

676
00:37:45,900 --> 00:37:47,700
weaknesses in as God's 
defense's. 

677
00:37:48,500 --> 00:37:51,500
They worry about the future 
because unlike humans, the gods 

678
00:37:51,500 --> 00:37:53,200
knew their own endings were 
approaching. 

679
00:37:54,000 --> 00:37:55,500
Yet. 
They did not let that knowledge 

680
00:37:55,500 --> 00:38:00,200
paralyzed them they lived fully 
in each moment finding joy and 

681
00:38:00,200 --> 00:38:04,300
contests and craftsmanship in 
love affairs and clever pranks 

682
00:38:04,300 --> 00:38:06,900
in the daily. 
Rhythm of immortal, existence 

683
00:38:06,900 --> 00:38:10,500
the air in Asgard smelled 
different from midgards are 

684
00:38:11,200 --> 00:38:13,200
Cleaner. 
Perhaps or charged with some 

685
00:38:13,200 --> 00:38:15,800
quality that mortal lungs could 
barely process. 

686
00:38:16,700 --> 00:38:19,400
The light fell at angles. 
That geometry could not quite 

687
00:38:19,400 --> 00:38:23,000
explain the Halls were vast, but
never empty. 

688
00:38:23,000 --> 00:38:25,700
Always hosting some Gathering or
celebration. 

689
00:38:26,500 --> 00:38:30,500
Music played frequently provided
by skilled performers, who new 

690
00:38:30,500 --> 00:38:34,200
songs from every age. 
The gods appreciated Beauty and 

691
00:38:34,208 --> 00:38:37,000
sorted in everything, they 
created or commissioned. 

692
00:38:38,000 --> 00:38:40,500
The gods were not creators who 
stepped back from their 

693
00:38:40,500 --> 00:38:44,000
creation, it remained involved 
in the daily workings of the 

694
00:38:44,000 --> 00:38:48,000
cosmos, traveling regularly to 
midgard to interact with humans 

695
00:38:48,000 --> 00:38:52,500
to Yota and high to fight Giants
or occasionally, marry them. 

696
00:38:53,400 --> 00:38:56,000
They were characters in The 
ongoing story rather than 

697
00:38:56,000 --> 00:38:58,800
authors who finish their work 
and moved on to other projects. 

698
00:38:59,600 --> 00:39:02,500
Their halls in Asgard served as 
gathering places where the 

699
00:39:02,500 --> 00:39:05,600
threads of different stories 
could be woven together, where 

700
00:39:05,600 --> 00:39:08,900
decisions about the fate of the 
nine Realms can be debated and 

701
00:39:08,900 --> 00:39:11,800
made. 
This was the Divine community, 

702
00:39:11,800 --> 00:39:16,300
that presided over the cosmos 
flawed and vital wise and 

703
00:39:16,300 --> 00:39:21,300
foolish, strong and vulnerable. 
They were Immortal but not 

704
00:39:21,300 --> 00:39:24,900
invincible. 
Powerful, but not omnipotent. 

705
00:39:25,800 --> 00:39:28,900
They knew their eventual fate 
but continued playing their 

706
00:39:28,900 --> 00:39:31,200
roles because that was what God 
did. 

707
00:39:32,100 --> 00:39:35,400
The daily life of Asgard 
provided the stable background 

708
00:39:35,400 --> 00:39:38,200
against which more dramatic 
events could unfold. 

709
00:39:39,100 --> 00:39:42,900
The four Ragnarok would come 
Loki's betrayals Baldur's death 

710
00:39:42,900 --> 00:39:46,700
and The Binding of monsters. 
But first, you need to 

711
00:39:46,700 --> 00:39:50,100
understand the trickster who 
would set so much in motion. 

712
00:39:50,900 --> 00:39:53,500
Loki did not fit neatly into any
category. 

713
00:39:53,500 --> 00:39:57,600
He was counted among the gods 
and lived in Asgard, it was born

714
00:39:57,600 --> 00:40:02,600
a giant son of a Boutte, his 
presence in Asgard, came about 

715
00:40:02,600 --> 00:40:05,200
through blood Brotherhood with 
Odin a bond. 

716
00:40:05,200 --> 00:40:07,700
So sacred that Odin sworn never 
to drink. 

717
00:40:07,700 --> 00:40:11,600
Unless Loki also received a cup 
This oath would later cause 

718
00:40:11,600 --> 00:40:13,800
problems. 
But in the beginning, it's 

719
00:40:13,800 --> 00:40:16,200
cemented Loki's Place among the 
Divine community. 

720
00:40:17,100 --> 00:40:20,100
Loki was handsome and clever and
deeply unreliable. 

721
00:40:20,100 --> 00:40:22,600
He could shift his shape into 
any form. 

722
00:40:22,600 --> 00:40:26,300
He chose appearing as a salmon 
or a fly or an old woman 

723
00:40:26,300 --> 00:40:28,400
depending on what a situation 
required. 

724
00:40:29,200 --> 00:40:33,500
His children were monsters, his 
wife Sig in was loyal Beyond 

725
00:40:33,500 --> 00:40:36,000
Reason. 
He helped the gods out of 

726
00:40:36,000 --> 00:40:39,000
countless problems, many of 
which he had caused in the first

727
00:40:39,000 --> 00:40:41,600
place. 
The old text struggle with how 

728
00:40:41,600 --> 00:40:44,200
to present Loki, because he 
resists the neat categories. 

729
00:40:44,200 --> 00:40:47,500
They tried to impose on him. 
Early in the timeline of 

730
00:40:47,500 --> 00:40:50,500
asgard's History. 
Loki farthest, three children 

731
00:40:50,500 --> 00:40:52,900
with a giantess named anger 
Boda. 

732
00:40:53,500 --> 00:40:55,600
The names, tell you what you 
need to know about the 

733
00:40:55,600 --> 00:40:58,600
relationship and Kubota meant. 
Something like the one who 

734
00:40:58,600 --> 00:41:02,400
brings grief and the children. 
She bought a loci were fenri of 

735
00:41:02,400 --> 00:41:06,600
the Wolfman Gander, the world, 
Serpent and held the half-living

736
00:41:06,600 --> 00:41:09,800
half dead daughter. 
Prophecies warned that. 

737
00:41:09,800 --> 00:41:12,300
These three children would bring
great harm to the gods. 

738
00:41:12,300 --> 00:41:15,200
So Odin decided they must be 
dealt with before. 

739
00:41:15,200 --> 00:41:19,200
They grew to dangerous. 
The gods through your mind into 

740
00:41:19,200 --> 00:41:22,800
the ocean that surrounded 
midgard, the serpents sank to 

741
00:41:22,800 --> 00:41:25,800
the bottom and grew. 
So large that it encircled, the 

742
00:41:25,800 --> 00:41:28,800
entire world biting its own 
tail. 

743
00:41:29,800 --> 00:41:33,200
Sailor sometimes Glimpse it in 
the depths a shadow beneath 

744
00:41:33,200 --> 00:41:35,300
their ships that could swallow 
along boat. 

745
00:41:35,300 --> 00:41:40,600
Hold without noticing Thor would
fight your Munga Ragnarok and 

746
00:41:40,600 --> 00:41:42,700
both would die from that 
encounter. 

747
00:41:43,500 --> 00:41:47,500
The gods sent hell to NFL Haim 
where she established her Realm 

748
00:41:47,500 --> 00:41:50,400
of the Dead. 
She accepted her Exile and her 

749
00:41:50,400 --> 00:41:53,800
responsibilities without 
complaint becoming the ruler of 

750
00:41:53,800 --> 00:41:57,000
the shadowy existence awaiting, 
most deceased beings. 

751
00:41:57,000 --> 00:42:01,100
Her realm was named helheim 
after her, and she administered 

752
00:42:01,100 --> 00:42:04,500
it with neither cruelty, nor 
kindness simply accepting the 

753
00:42:04,500 --> 00:42:07,100
dead as they arrived and 
assigning them places in her 

754
00:42:07,100 --> 00:42:10,800
gray Halls. 
Fenrir was a different problem. 

755
00:42:10,800 --> 00:42:14,400
He was a wolf. 
But he grew at an alarming rate.

756
00:42:15,200 --> 00:42:17,200
Stronger and larger with each 
passing day. 

757
00:42:18,100 --> 00:42:21,200
The gods tried to raise him in 
Asgard, feeding him in 

758
00:42:21,208 --> 00:42:24,400
attempting to train him, but 
only tear was brave enough to 

759
00:42:24,400 --> 00:42:27,100
approach the wolf to place food 
in his massive Jaws. 

760
00:42:28,500 --> 00:42:33,000
The gods realized they needed to
bind fenrir before he became too

761
00:42:33,000 --> 00:42:36,200
powerful to restrain. 
They commissioned chains from 

762
00:42:36,200 --> 00:42:40,200
the dwarves, but fenrir broke 
the first two chains, as easily 

763
00:42:40,200 --> 00:42:45,800
as snapping dry grass, The third
chain was called Sleep near and 

764
00:42:45,800 --> 00:42:48,000
it was made from six impossible 
things. 

765
00:42:49,000 --> 00:42:52,900
The sound of a cat's footfall, 
the beard of a woman, the root 

766
00:42:52,900 --> 00:42:57,700
of a mountain, the sinews of a 
bear, the breadth of a fish and 

767
00:42:57,700 --> 00:43:02,400
the spit of a bird because these
things do not exist, light near 

768
00:43:02,400 --> 00:43:06,500
appeared as a simple. 
Silken ribbon smooth and soft 

769
00:43:06,500 --> 00:43:10,000
and light as air. 
The gods challenged fenrir to 

770
00:43:10,000 --> 00:43:14,000
allow himself to be bound with 
gleipnir, framing it as a test 

771
00:43:14,000 --> 00:43:16,800
of strength. 
The wolf was suspicious because 

772
00:43:16,800 --> 00:43:19,800
the gods had already tricked him
twice with increasingly strong 

773
00:43:19,800 --> 00:43:22,900
chains. 
He agreed to be bound only if 

774
00:43:22,900 --> 00:43:25,200
one of the Gods would Place 
their hand in his mouth as a 

775
00:43:25,208 --> 00:43:29,200
pledge of good faith. if fenrir 
could not break free and the 

776
00:43:29,208 --> 00:43:33,400
gods refused to release him, he 
would bite off the hand, only 

777
00:43:33,400 --> 00:43:37,400
tier volunteered Stepped forward
and placed his right hand 

778
00:43:37,400 --> 00:43:41,600
between Fenris teeth. 
The gods wrapped near around the

779
00:43:41,600 --> 00:43:45,100
wolf and the more Fenris 
struggled, the tighter, The 

780
00:43:45,100 --> 00:43:48,900
Impossible chain griped, 
Realizing the Betrayal fenrir. 

781
00:43:48,900 --> 00:43:52,400
Bit down and severed, tears 
hand, the gods tied. 

782
00:43:52,400 --> 00:43:55,600
The other end of Clyde near to a
massive Boulder called Joel and 

783
00:43:55,600 --> 00:43:57,400
drove your old deep into the 
Earth. 

784
00:43:57,400 --> 00:44:00,900
They place to another rock 
called fitty on top of gold. 

785
00:44:00,900 --> 00:44:04,700
Secure it further then thrust a 
sword through fener's, Jaws to 

786
00:44:04,700 --> 00:44:08,400
keep his mouth propped. 
Open The wolf's drooled from 

787
00:44:08,400 --> 00:44:10,700
that day, forward formed a river
called van. 

788
00:44:11,600 --> 00:44:14,700
Van Ria would remain bound until
Ragnarok when collected near 

789
00:44:14,700 --> 00:44:18,300
would finally break and the Wolf
would swallowed Odin during the 

790
00:44:18,308 --> 00:44:21,500
final battle. 
Loki, caused problems Beyond 

791
00:44:21,500 --> 00:44:25,000
fathering monsters. 
He once cut off all of sif's, 

792
00:44:25,000 --> 00:44:28,600
beautiful, golden hair, while 
she slept for reasons, the text 

793
00:44:28,600 --> 00:44:33,000
never explained When Thor 
threatened to break every bone 

794
00:44:33,000 --> 00:44:36,800
in Loki's body for this offense,
Loki promised to get the dwarves

795
00:44:36,800 --> 00:44:40,200
to forge new hair for Sif hair 
of real gold. 

796
00:44:40,200 --> 00:44:42,300
That would grow like natural 
hair. 

797
00:44:43,500 --> 00:44:47,200
He traveled as far till 5 and 
convinced the dwarf Craftsman, 

798
00:44:47,200 --> 00:44:50,800
called the Sons of Vivaldi to 
create, not only the golden 

799
00:44:50,800 --> 00:44:55,400
hair, but also Odin Spear 
gungnir and the ship skid blood 

800
00:44:55,400 --> 00:44:58,400
near for Freya. 
Feeling, clever Loki. 

801
00:44:58,400 --> 00:45:01,400
Then bet his head with another 
group of dwarves called brok and

802
00:45:01,400 --> 00:45:04,400
sindri that they could not craft
items as fine. 

803
00:45:04,400 --> 00:45:09,200
The Dwarves made Thor's hammer, 
mulele, Odin's Golden Ring 

804
00:45:09,200 --> 00:45:12,400
trapped near that produced 8, 
new rings of equal weight every 

805
00:45:12,400 --> 00:45:15,800
night and freya's golden 
borghini. 

806
00:45:17,400 --> 00:45:19,500
Lost the bet. 
But argued that, while the 

807
00:45:19,500 --> 00:45:22,200
dwarves could take his head, 
they had not won the right to 

808
00:45:22,200 --> 00:45:25,800
touch his neck. 
This technicality saved his life

809
00:45:25,800 --> 00:45:28,500
but earned him the dwarves 
lasting resentment. 

810
00:45:29,400 --> 00:45:32,700
Loki helped build as God's wall 
after it was damaged during the 

811
00:45:32,700 --> 00:45:35,300
war. 
With the veneer, a giant offered

812
00:45:35,300 --> 00:45:37,300
to rebuild the wall in 18 
months. 

813
00:45:37,300 --> 00:45:40,100
If he could have Freya the Sun 
and the Moon as payment. 

814
00:45:41,100 --> 00:45:43,700
The gods agreed thinking the 
task impossible. 

815
00:45:44,600 --> 00:45:48,300
The giant had a powerful 
Stallion named vadal fari who 

816
00:45:48,300 --> 00:45:52,000
could haul massive stones and 
the work proceeded so quickly 

817
00:45:52,000 --> 00:45:56,000
that it became clear, the giant 
would finish on time desperate 

818
00:45:56,000 --> 00:45:59,000
to avoid paying the price, the 
gods ordered Loki to sabotage 

819
00:45:59,000 --> 00:46:00,800
the project. 
Loki. 

820
00:46:00,800 --> 00:46:05,400
Transformed himself into a mayor
in heat and lured away from the 

821
00:46:05,400 --> 00:46:08,500
work site. 
The giant failed to finish the 

822
00:46:08,500 --> 00:46:12,300
wall by the deadline revealing 
himself, in his anger, to be a 

823
00:46:12,300 --> 00:46:15,900
frost giant which Justified Thor
killing him with melee. 

824
00:46:17,000 --> 00:46:20,800
Loki returned to Asgard pregnant
and later gave birth to an 

825
00:46:20,800 --> 00:46:23,800
eight, legged fold named slight 
near who became Odin's horse. 

826
00:46:24,800 --> 00:46:27,900
This story makes most readers 
pause and reread the details, 

827
00:46:27,900 --> 00:46:30,600
but the text present, it matter.
Factly. 

828
00:46:31,600 --> 00:46:34,600
Loki's gender fluidity and 
shapeshifting allowed for such. 

829
00:46:34,600 --> 00:46:38,100
Oddities the turning point in 
Loki's relationship, with the 

830
00:46:38,100 --> 00:46:41,900
other gods came with Boulders 
death, After Boulder began 

831
00:46:41,900 --> 00:46:45,500
having nightmares of his own 
death, Frick extracted, promises

832
00:46:45,500 --> 00:46:47,900
from every object and creature 
in existence. 

833
00:46:47,900 --> 00:46:51,900
Not to harm her son. 
She overlooked only the missile 

834
00:46:51,900 --> 00:46:55,000
toe which seemed too young and 
insignificant to bother with 

835
00:46:55,000 --> 00:46:57,200
Loki. 
Discovered, this oversight and 

836
00:46:57,200 --> 00:47:01,000
fashioned a dart from mistletoe 
would The gods were entertaining

837
00:47:01,000 --> 00:47:04,600
themselves by throwing weapons 
and stones at Boulder watching 

838
00:47:04,600 --> 00:47:06,200
them, bounced harmlessly off 
him. 

839
00:47:07,200 --> 00:47:10,600
Loki approached, Builders blind,
brother Hodder and offered to 

840
00:47:10,600 --> 00:47:13,100
guide his Aim so he could 
participate in the fun. 

841
00:47:13,900 --> 00:47:18,300
Odor through the mistletoe, 
Dart, Guided by Loki and Bolder 

842
00:47:18,300 --> 00:47:21,600
fell dead. 
The gods grief was immediate and

843
00:47:21,600 --> 00:47:25,900
total, they sent Odin's. 
Son Hermann to helheim to beg 

844
00:47:25,900 --> 00:47:29,400
for Boulders return. 
Hell agreed to release, belder. 

845
00:47:29,400 --> 00:47:32,500
If everything in all the world 
would weep for him, everything 

846
00:47:32,500 --> 00:47:37,400
did weep except for a giant test
named thok, who refused most 

847
00:47:37,400 --> 00:47:39,800
sources suggest thought was Loki
in disguise. 

848
00:47:40,800 --> 00:47:43,800
Because of that single refusal 
Boldore remain dead. 

849
00:47:44,600 --> 00:47:46,700
The gods, finally had enough of 
Loki. 

850
00:47:46,700 --> 00:47:49,700
They hunted him down as he tried
to hide in the mountains. 

851
00:47:49,700 --> 00:47:53,000
Loki transformed himself into a 
salmon. 

852
00:47:53,000 --> 00:47:56,600
Thinking, he could Escape in a 
river but the gods caught him 

853
00:47:56,600 --> 00:47:58,900
with a net. 
They dragged him to a cave and 

854
00:47:58,908 --> 00:48:01,400
bound him to three, rocks with 
the entrails of his own son, 

855
00:48:01,400 --> 00:48:06,100
narfi in trails that transformed
into iron chains, they placed a 

856
00:48:06,100 --> 00:48:08,800
serpent and to love Loki's head.
So that his Venom would drip 

857
00:48:08,800 --> 00:48:12,800
onto his face, his wife siggins,
sat beside him holding a bold, 

858
00:48:12,800 --> 00:48:15,600
catch the Venom. 
But whenever the bowl filled and

859
00:48:15,600 --> 00:48:18,000
she had to turn away to empty it
then. 

860
00:48:18,000 --> 00:48:22,300
Um, fell on Loki's face. 
He's writhing in pain, caused 

861
00:48:22,300 --> 00:48:26,800
earthquakes in midgard, he would
remain bound until Ragnarok. 

862
00:48:26,800 --> 00:48:30,500
When all Chains would break and 
all prisoners would be free to 

863
00:48:30,500 --> 00:48:34,400
join the final battle. 
Loki, represented the boundary, 

864
00:48:34,400 --> 00:48:37,300
Crosser, the one who fit nowhere
cleanly. 

865
00:48:38,000 --> 00:48:41,300
He was useful until he became 
dangerous, clever until his 

866
00:48:41,300 --> 00:48:45,300
cleverness curdled into malice. 
The gods needed him repeatedly 

867
00:48:45,300 --> 00:48:48,000
to solve problems. 
They could not solve themselves 

868
00:48:48,000 --> 00:48:50,600
yet. 
His Solutions often created. 

869
00:48:50,600 --> 00:48:54,800
New problems down the line, his 
children were monsters yet 

870
00:48:54,800 --> 00:48:57,800
prophecy said those monsters 
were necessary to bring about 

871
00:48:57,800 --> 00:49:01,200
the end that had to come Loki 
was neither fully villain or 

872
00:49:01,200 --> 00:49:03,600
trickster hero. 
But something that defied those 

873
00:49:03,600 --> 00:49:07,400
labels A being whose very 
existence challenge the 

874
00:49:07,400 --> 00:49:10,100
categories, the other gods used 
to organize their Cosmos. 

875
00:49:11,200 --> 00:49:13,400
Humans arrived late in the 
cosmic Story. 

876
00:49:13,400 --> 00:49:16,700
The brothers who created the 
world from Amy's body and 

877
00:49:16,700 --> 00:49:20,800
planted, igil had not intended 
to populate midgard with Mortal 

878
00:49:20,800 --> 00:49:23,900
beings. 
The first humans came into 

879
00:49:23,900 --> 00:49:27,400
existence, almost by accident, 
which might explain something 

880
00:49:27,400 --> 00:49:31,000
about The Human Condition. 
Odin was walking along a beach 

881
00:49:31,000 --> 00:49:34,000
with his brothers invade. 
When they encountered two trees 

882
00:49:34,000 --> 00:49:37,400
that had washed ashore, The 
brothers saw potential in these 

883
00:49:37,400 --> 00:49:40,700
logs of Ash and Elm. 
They decided to shape the wood 

884
00:49:40,700 --> 00:49:44,600
into human forms but formal 
alone was not enough to create 

885
00:49:44,600 --> 00:49:48,300
living beings each brother 
contributed something essential 

886
00:49:48,300 --> 00:49:53,000
one, gave birth and life. 
Another gave wit and feeling the

887
00:49:53,000 --> 00:49:55,700
third gave speech and hearing 
and sight. 

888
00:49:55,700 --> 00:49:59,600
The names of these first humans 
were asked and Embler, which 

889
00:49:59,600 --> 00:50:03,400
meant ash tree and Elm Tree 
preserving their wooden origin 

890
00:50:03,400 --> 00:50:07,300
in their very identities. 
Ask an emblem, the parents of 

891
00:50:07,300 --> 00:50:10,700
all, subsequent humans though 
the mechanics of how this 

892
00:50:10,700 --> 00:50:12,300
occurred were left to imagine 
Nation. 

893
00:50:13,000 --> 00:50:15,900
Humans spread throughout 
midgard, building settlements 

894
00:50:15,900 --> 00:50:19,000
and cultivating land. 
Raising children who were 

895
00:50:19,000 --> 00:50:24,100
themselves raced children The 
protective barrier of emir's eye

896
00:50:24,100 --> 00:50:27,600
lashes kept the worst threats at
Bay, though life in midgard was 

897
00:50:27,600 --> 00:50:30,200
never entirely safe. 
Giants. 

898
00:50:30,200 --> 00:50:33,500
Sometimes. 
Raided human settlements, wolves

899
00:50:33,500 --> 00:50:36,500
and harsh. 
Winter's took their toll disease

900
00:50:36,500 --> 00:50:38,900
and hunger stalked every 
generation. 

901
00:50:39,900 --> 00:50:43,200
The relationship between gods 
and humans was more complex than

902
00:50:43,200 --> 00:50:44,700
simple worship. 
Might suggest. 

903
00:50:45,900 --> 00:50:49,400
The gods walked among humans 
frequently disguised as 

904
00:50:49,400 --> 00:50:52,500
Travelers or Beggars to test the
hospitality of different 

905
00:50:52,500 --> 00:50:55,600
households. 
How humans treated these 

906
00:50:55,600 --> 00:50:58,700
disguise visitors determine 
their later fortunes. 

907
00:50:58,700 --> 00:51:01,100
Odin. 
Particularly enjoyed these tests

908
00:51:01,100 --> 00:51:04,000
appearing at doors in the 
evening with his wide-brimmed 

909
00:51:04,000 --> 00:51:07,200
hat, pulled low. 
Those who welcomed The Stranger 

910
00:51:07,200 --> 00:51:09,600
and offered food and shelter 
without asking too many 

911
00:51:09,600 --> 00:51:12,300
questions, often found their 
luck improving. 

912
00:51:13,800 --> 00:51:16,600
Those who turned away a traveler
in need discovered that their 

913
00:51:16,600 --> 00:51:19,400
fortunes had shifted in Less 
Pleasant directions. 

914
00:51:20,200 --> 00:51:22,900
Some humans, caught the gods 
attention more directly. 

915
00:51:23,700 --> 00:51:26,800
Warriors who fought bravely in 
battle would be claimed by 

916
00:51:26,800 --> 00:51:31,200
Odin's valkyrie's, taken from 
the field of Slaughter to feast 

917
00:51:31,200 --> 00:51:35,200
in Valhalla. the Valkyries were 
female figures who wrote through

918
00:51:35,200 --> 00:51:39,300
battlefields, choosing which 
Warriors would die, and which 

919
00:51:39,300 --> 00:51:42,600
would live they appeared in 
clouds of missed. 

920
00:51:42,600 --> 00:51:46,400
There are the gleaming, their 
presents both, beautiful and 

921
00:51:46,400 --> 00:51:49,700
terrible. 
The Warriors they chose were 

922
00:51:49,700 --> 00:51:53,200
called in her jar and they spent
their afterlife in Valhalla 

923
00:51:53,200 --> 00:51:55,600
training for the final battle at
Ragnarok. 

924
00:51:55,600 --> 00:51:59,800
The each day, they fought each 
other in practice combat dying 

925
00:51:59,800 --> 00:52:01,600
and being resurrected to Feast 
together. 

926
00:52:01,600 --> 00:52:05,700
Each evening, the Mead never ran
out, the food was always 

927
00:52:05,700 --> 00:52:08,200
plentiful and the company was 
eternal. 

928
00:52:09,000 --> 00:52:13,200
Not all dead went to Valhalla. 
Most humans, who lost their 

929
00:52:13,200 --> 00:52:16,300
battle to illness or old age, or
accidents made the journey to 

930
00:52:16,300 --> 00:52:20,300
helheim walking the long road 
called, helveg that led to the 

931
00:52:20,300 --> 00:52:25,400
gates of Hell's Realm. this was 
not a shameful destination, the 

932
00:52:25,400 --> 00:52:28,400
texts do not suggest that these 
dead were being punished or that

933
00:52:28,400 --> 00:52:32,300
they had failed some test They 
simply had not passed in battle,

934
00:52:32,300 --> 00:52:35,200
so, they went to the realm 
designated for those whose 

935
00:52:35,200 --> 00:52:38,500
endings came peacefully, or 
through Misfortune rather than 

936
00:52:38,500 --> 00:52:42,800
heroism. 
Helheim was cold and gloomy, but

937
00:52:42,800 --> 00:52:45,700
it was the natural place for 
most human Souls. 

938
00:52:46,800 --> 00:52:49,900
Smaller number of dead went to 
freya's Hall, particularly 

939
00:52:49,900 --> 00:52:53,000
women, who died and perhaps 
Warriors freyja had claimed 

940
00:52:53,000 --> 00:52:54,800
before Odin's valkyrie's 
arrived. 

941
00:52:54,800 --> 00:52:57,900
Some sources mention other 
destinations for the dead 

942
00:52:57,900 --> 00:53:01,500
suggesting that the afterlife 
geography was more complex than 

943
00:53:01,500 --> 00:53:05,300
the main texts acknowledged. 
Humans worship the gods through 

944
00:53:05,300 --> 00:53:08,300
ritual and sacrifice. 
They built structures. 

945
00:53:08,300 --> 00:53:11,300
Where offerings could be made 
sacred Grove's. 

946
00:53:11,300 --> 00:53:15,800
Where the Divine close, they 
carved runes for protection or 

947
00:53:15,800 --> 00:53:18,500
blessing seeking to tap into the
power. 

948
00:53:18,500 --> 00:53:20,500
Odin had unlocked through his 
self-sacrifice. 

949
00:53:21,900 --> 00:53:25,900
The gods did not demand the same
kind of absolute obedience that 

950
00:53:25,900 --> 00:53:27,700
some other religious systems 
required. 

951
00:53:28,500 --> 00:53:32,000
The relationship felt more 
transactional built on, mutual 

952
00:53:32,000 --> 00:53:35,900
respect, and the understanding 
that humans and gods needed each

953
00:53:35,900 --> 00:53:40,300
other in different ways. 
By the Viking age which began 

954
00:53:40,300 --> 00:53:42,500
around the year 800 of the 
Common Era. 

955
00:53:42,500 --> 00:53:46,100
Norse culture had developed 
elaborate codes of honour and 

956
00:53:46,100 --> 00:53:50,000
social organization. 
These codes were not handed down

957
00:53:50,000 --> 00:53:53,400
by Divine decree, but Grew From 
practical necessity, and 

958
00:53:53,400 --> 00:53:56,700
cultural Evolution on a mattered
more than almost anything else. 

959
00:53:56,700 --> 00:54:01,500
Host, a man's reputation, would 
survive his death spoken off in 

960
00:54:01,500 --> 00:54:05,700
poems and stories. 
Revenge for insults or injuries 

961
00:54:05,700 --> 00:54:08,100
was not just accepted, but 
expected. 

962
00:54:09,100 --> 00:54:12,700
Blood feuds could span 
Generations, family members, 

963
00:54:12,700 --> 00:54:16,000
obligated to avenge their slain 
relatives, even if they 

964
00:54:16,000 --> 00:54:18,100
personally born, no grudge 
against the Killer. 

965
00:54:19,100 --> 00:54:22,200
The longship became the symbol 
of Norse expansion and 

966
00:54:22,200 --> 00:54:25,100
exploration. 
These vessels were engineering 

967
00:54:25,100 --> 00:54:29,000
Marvels, shallow enough to 
navigate Rivers yet sturdy 

968
00:54:29,000 --> 00:54:31,400
enough to cross Ocean's the 
carried. 

969
00:54:31,400 --> 00:54:34,700
Raiders to monasteries on 
distant, coasts traders to 

970
00:54:34,700 --> 00:54:38,800
markets and foreign lands and 
settlers to Ireland's previously

971
00:54:38,800 --> 00:54:42,400
uninhabited. 
The prowl of a longship often 

972
00:54:42,400 --> 00:54:46,300
featured a dragon head or 
serpent head carved into the 

973
00:54:46,300 --> 00:54:50,000
wood, both decoration and 
protection against Supernatural 

974
00:54:50,000 --> 00:54:54,200
threats. 
Nor Society was hierarchical but

975
00:54:54,200 --> 00:54:58,000
allowed for social Mobility, 
that other medieval cultures did

976
00:54:58,000 --> 00:55:01,900
not. 
Thrall was a slave bound to 

977
00:55:01,900 --> 00:55:05,900
serve their owner. 
A Carl was a free farmer or 

978
00:55:05,900 --> 00:55:07,900
craftsman, the bulk of the 
population. 

979
00:55:07,900 --> 00:55:12,400
A Yale was a noble, wealthy and 
Powerful, leading Warriors into 

980
00:55:12,400 --> 00:55:14,900
battle and hosting great feasts 
in their Halls. 

981
00:55:15,800 --> 00:55:19,400
A person could rise from Carl to
Yale through successful raiding 

982
00:55:19,400 --> 00:55:23,200
or trading or fall from Yalta, 
Carl through bad luck or poor 

983
00:55:23,200 --> 00:55:25,700
decisions. 
Women have rights, that would 

984
00:55:25,700 --> 00:55:28,600
seem Progressive. 
Even by modern standards, they 

985
00:55:28,600 --> 00:55:33,000
could own property initiate 
divorce and in some cases served

986
00:55:33,000 --> 00:55:36,700
as religious leaders or 
respected Sages The household 

987
00:55:36,700 --> 00:55:41,400
was the basic social unit. 
Typical home might house, three 

988
00:55:41,400 --> 00:55:44,300
generations grandparents and 
parents and children sharing 

989
00:55:44,300 --> 00:55:48,600
space around a central half. 
The fire provided warmth and 

990
00:55:48,600 --> 00:55:52,600
light and a place to cook. 
The smoke escaped through a hole

991
00:55:52,600 --> 00:55:55,200
in the roof though. 
Much of it lingered inside 

992
00:55:55,200 --> 00:55:58,900
blackened, the walls and 
irritating the eyes People slept

993
00:55:58,900 --> 00:56:02,600
on platforms along the walls 
wrapped in Furs and Woolen 

994
00:56:02,600 --> 00:56:05,600
blankets. 
Privacy was a foreign concept. 

995
00:56:06,400 --> 00:56:09,900
daily life, unfolded in communal
spaces where everyone could 

996
00:56:09,900 --> 00:56:13,700
observe, everyone else Food came
from farming and herding and 

997
00:56:13,700 --> 00:56:17,200
fishing and hunting. 
Barley and Rye grew in fields, 

998
00:56:17,200 --> 00:56:20,800
cleared from forests. 
Cattle and sheep, and pigs 

999
00:56:20,800 --> 00:56:22,800
provided meat and milk and 
leather. 

1000
00:56:22,800 --> 00:56:27,600
The sea, yielded fish in 
abundance, dried or salted to 

1001
00:56:27,600 --> 00:56:31,200
preserve them through winter. 
Whales, that beach themselves 

1002
00:56:31,200 --> 00:56:34,200
were divided among the 
community, their meat, and 

1003
00:56:34,200 --> 00:56:36,300
blubber, providing resources for
months. 

1004
00:56:37,300 --> 00:56:41,200
While Wild Games, supplemented 
domestic animals though, Forest 

1005
00:56:41,200 --> 00:56:44,700
could be dangerous places where 
Outlaws hid and supernatural 

1006
00:56:44,700 --> 00:56:48,100
beings sometimes appeared. 
Niels were simple but 

1007
00:56:48,100 --> 00:56:51,900
substantial bread made from 
coarse flour, often mixed with 

1008
00:56:51,900 --> 00:56:55,700
ground peas or barking. 
Lean years porridge thick enough

1009
00:56:55,700 --> 00:56:57,600
to support a spoon standing 
upright. 

1010
00:56:58,500 --> 00:57:01,300
Meet when it was available 
boiled or roasted over the 

1011
00:57:01,300 --> 00:57:05,100
central fire. 
Fish prepared in dozens of ways 

1012
00:57:05,100 --> 00:57:08,200
each Coastal Community having 
their preferred methods. 

1013
00:57:09,000 --> 00:57:12,200
Cheese aged in cool storage 
rooms dug into hillsides. 

1014
00:57:13,100 --> 00:57:17,200
Butter preserved in wooden 
containers ale brewed from Bali 

1015
00:57:17,200 --> 00:57:20,000
weaker than Mead but available 
in larger quantities. 

1016
00:57:21,100 --> 00:57:24,400
Taste of food mattered less than
its ability to fuel the hard 

1017
00:57:24,400 --> 00:57:26,200
labor that every season 
demanded. 

1018
00:57:26,800 --> 00:57:30,900
Clothing was practical before. 
It was beautiful wool from sheep

1019
00:57:30,900 --> 00:57:35,100
form the basis of most garments.
Spun into thread and woven into 

1020
00:57:35,100 --> 00:57:38,500
cloth. 
Linen from flax provided lighter

1021
00:57:38,500 --> 00:57:41,700
fabric for summer wear. 
Leather from cattle and goats 

1022
00:57:41,700 --> 00:57:46,700
made tough boots and belts and 
bags from bears or Wolves added 

1023
00:57:46,700 --> 00:57:50,400
warmth in the coldest months 
colors came from plant dies 

1024
00:57:50,400 --> 00:57:52,700
though. 
Most people were undyed wool in 

1025
00:57:52,700 --> 00:57:54,500
shades of cream and brown and 
gray. 

1026
00:57:55,200 --> 00:57:58,800
Wealthy individuals could afford
fabric died, read with matar 

1027
00:57:58,800 --> 00:58:02,300
route or blue with WOD. 
But these were luxuries Beyond 

1028
00:58:02,300 --> 00:58:06,100
most means women spent countless
hours of their looms. 

1029
00:58:06,100 --> 00:58:08,400
Weaving. 
The fabric that kept their 

1030
00:58:08,400 --> 00:58:11,500
families clothed. 
The steady Rhythm of the Loom 

1031
00:58:11,500 --> 00:58:15,500
and the shuttle passing back and
forth, provided both product and

1032
00:58:15,500 --> 00:58:18,300
meditation. 
The thing was the assembly where

1033
00:58:18,300 --> 00:58:21,200
free men gather to settle 
dispute to make laws and hear 

1034
00:58:21,200 --> 00:58:25,400
news from distant places. 
It met at regular intervals, 

1035
00:58:25,400 --> 00:58:28,200
usually Outdoors at some 
recognize location. 

1036
00:58:29,300 --> 00:58:32,400
Legal cases were argued before 
the assembled Community 

1037
00:58:32,400 --> 00:58:35,800
judgements, rendered by 
consensus, or by designated 

1038
00:58:35,800 --> 00:58:39,500
judges. 
The thing was part Court part 

1039
00:58:39,500 --> 00:58:42,200
legislature part social 
Gathering. 

1040
00:58:43,000 --> 00:58:46,000
It reminded people that they 
were part of a larger society 

1041
00:58:46,000 --> 00:58:48,600
beyond their individual farms 
and households. 

1042
00:58:49,300 --> 00:58:51,900
Craftsmanship was honored as a 
form of magic. 

1043
00:58:51,900 --> 00:58:56,300
A skilled blacksmith could 
transform raw iron into tools. 

1044
00:58:56,300 --> 00:59:00,100
That would last Generations, the
forge glowed red in the 

1045
00:59:00,100 --> 00:59:03,800
darkness, hammers, ringing 
against metal in patterns, that 

1046
00:59:03,800 --> 00:59:08,300
became as familiar as speech. 
Smith's understood the secret 

1047
00:59:08,300 --> 00:59:13,300
languages of fire and metal 
knowing exactly when to heat and

1048
00:59:13,300 --> 00:59:17,300
went to hammer. 
And when to quench A good blade 

1049
00:59:17,300 --> 00:59:19,700
held its Edge through seasons of
use. 

1050
00:59:20,600 --> 00:59:24,700
A well-made acts, felt balanced 
in the hand, extension of arm 

1051
00:59:24,700 --> 00:59:27,600
and intention. 
Carpenters shaped wood in to 

1052
00:59:27,600 --> 00:59:30,400
ship, and how houses and 
furniture Reading. 

1053
00:59:30,400 --> 00:59:33,800
The grain to understand how each
piece wanted to be cut. 

1054
00:59:34,800 --> 00:59:38,400
Wood had its own nature, Oak, 
different from Ash, and Ash 

1055
00:59:38,400 --> 00:59:41,600
different from Pine. 
Working with the wood rather 

1056
00:59:41,600 --> 00:59:43,800
than against It produced 
stronger results. 

1057
00:59:44,600 --> 00:59:47,600
The best Craftsmen could look at
a tree and envision the objects 

1058
00:59:47,600 --> 00:59:50,900
hidden in its structure. 
Then coaxed those objects into 

1059
00:59:50,900 --> 00:59:55,300
existence through patient labor.
Leather workers, cured hides and

1060
00:59:55,300 --> 00:59:59,100
cut them into useful shapes 
stitching with sinew or thin 

1061
00:59:59,100 --> 01:00:02,300
leather strips. 
We visit their looms created 

1062
01:00:02,300 --> 01:00:06,300
patterns, that told stories 
geometric designs that please 

1063
01:00:06,300 --> 01:00:08,300
the eye while serving practical 
purposes. 

1064
01:00:09,100 --> 01:00:11,900
Humans in midgard understood 
their place in the cosmic order,

1065
01:00:11,900 --> 01:00:16,500
they knew the gods existed in 
Asgard of them and Giants Alert 

1066
01:00:16,500 --> 01:00:20,400
in high beyond their borders. 
They knew that Ragnarok would 

1067
01:00:20,400 --> 01:00:24,200
come someday, that even the gods
would die in that final battle. 

1068
01:00:25,300 --> 01:00:28,700
This knowledge shaped their 
worldview in subtle ways, life 

1069
01:00:28,700 --> 01:00:31,100
was temporary. 
So Glory matted, because 

1070
01:00:31,100 --> 01:00:32,900
reputation would Outlast the 
body. 

1071
01:00:33,800 --> 01:00:36,700
The world would end. 
So the present moment held more 

1072
01:00:36,700 --> 01:00:38,900
weight. 
Courage, in the face of 

1073
01:00:38,900 --> 01:00:42,600
inevitable Doom, became the 
highest virtue more important 

1074
01:00:42,600 --> 01:00:46,700
than Victory or survival. 
The gods occasionally father 

1075
01:00:46,700 --> 01:00:50,200
children, with human women, 
creating Heroes of mixed 

1076
01:00:50,200 --> 01:00:52,200
parentage who performed great 
Deeds. 

1077
01:00:53,300 --> 01:00:57,400
These Heroes featuring many of 
the sagas and poems, their 

1078
01:00:57,400 --> 01:01:00,600
exploits preserved in oral 
tradition, and later written 

1079
01:01:00,600 --> 01:01:03,300
down. 
The boundary between human and 

1080
01:01:03,300 --> 01:01:07,200
divine was not absolute. 
Humans could be elevated to 

1081
01:01:07,200 --> 01:01:10,000
Godlike status through Fame and 
heroic action. 

1082
01:01:10,800 --> 01:01:13,900
Gods could diminish themselves 
through cowardice or failure. 

1083
01:01:14,700 --> 01:01:18,100
The cosmos was more fluid than 
rigid allowing for movement 

1084
01:01:18,100 --> 01:01:20,900
between categories that other 
mythologies kept strictly 

1085
01:01:20,900 --> 01:01:24,500
separate. 
You should pick a hard life but 

1086
01:01:24,500 --> 01:01:27,400
not a hopeless. 
One Winter's were brutal. 

1087
01:01:27,400 --> 01:01:32,500
Summers short enemies numerous 
yeah there was Beauty too in the

1088
01:01:32,500 --> 01:01:35,900
Northern Lights playing cross. 
The sky in the craftsmanship of 

1089
01:01:35,900 --> 01:01:40,000
a well-made sword, in the Poetry
that transformed blood feuds 

1090
01:01:40,000 --> 01:01:44,200
into entertainment. 
The humans of midgard face, 

1091
01:01:44,200 --> 01:01:48,000
their mortality with Clear Eyes,
knowing that death would come 

1092
01:01:48,000 --> 01:01:50,500
but refusing to let that 
knowledge, stop them from 

1093
01:01:50,500 --> 01:01:53,300
building and fighting and loving
and making art. 

1094
01:01:54,200 --> 01:01:57,000
They were years descendants as 
much as the gods were. 

1095
01:01:57,800 --> 01:02:01,700
Sharing the same Cosmic origin 
playing their part in the great 

1096
01:02:01,700 --> 01:02:04,700
story that moved inexorably 
toward Ragnarok. 

1097
01:02:05,400 --> 01:02:08,800
The end was never Secret. 
From the very beginning, the 

1098
01:02:08,800 --> 01:02:10,800
gods knew how their story would 
conclude. 

1099
01:02:11,700 --> 01:02:14,800
Prophecies describe the sequence
of events that would lead to the

1100
01:02:14,800 --> 01:02:18,500
final battle and noting, the 
gods did could prevent those 

1101
01:02:18,500 --> 01:02:21,800
events from unfolding. 
This foreknowledge shapes 

1102
01:02:21,800 --> 01:02:25,500
everything about Norse 
mythology, giving it a tragic 

1103
01:02:25,500 --> 01:02:28,300
Grandeur that other mythological
systems, lack. 

1104
01:02:29,300 --> 01:02:33,300
Ragnarok means Twilight of the 
gods or fate of the Gods 

1105
01:02:33,300 --> 01:02:36,900
depending on translation, it 
begins with Omens that growing 

1106
01:02:36,900 --> 01:02:39,900
increasingly severe. 
Three Windsors will follow each 

1107
01:02:39,900 --> 01:02:43,600
other without any summer between
them appeared called thimble 

1108
01:02:43,600 --> 01:02:46,400
winter. 
Snowfalls from every direction 

1109
01:02:46,400 --> 01:02:50,100
wins, cut like knives, the sun 
loses. 

1110
01:02:50,100 --> 01:02:53,308
Its warmth people abandoned the 
old codes of Honor in their 

1111
01:02:53,316 --> 01:02:57,100
desperation to survive. 
Brother fights, brother, father,

1112
01:02:57,100 --> 01:03:00,100
kills son. 
The bonds of kinship dissolve in

1113
01:03:00,100 --> 01:03:03,800
a Scramble for dwindling 
resources, axes, and swords 

1114
01:03:03,800 --> 01:03:07,700
Clash everywhere across midgard.
This is the age of the axe, the 

1115
01:03:07,700 --> 01:03:11,500
age of the sword Shields a clove
and this is the age of the wolf,

1116
01:03:11,500 --> 01:03:15,900
the age of the storm of the 
World falls into Rue and The 

1117
01:03:15,900 --> 01:03:19,400
social order that humans built 
across Generations collapses in 

1118
01:03:19,400 --> 01:03:24,500
a single harsh season. 
Trust evaporates Mercy becomes 

1119
01:03:24,500 --> 01:03:27,300
weakness. 
The strong prey on the weak 

1120
01:03:27,300 --> 01:03:32,500
without shame or consequence. 
In the sky wolves, finally catch

1121
01:03:32,500 --> 01:03:36,500
their prey. 
Skull swallows the sun Hattie 

1122
01:03:36,500 --> 01:03:40,100
HUD witness on devours. 
The moon stars vanish from the 

1123
01:03:40,100 --> 01:03:43,400
heavens, leaving the world in 
darkness, the Earth shakes 

1124
01:03:43,400 --> 01:03:47,700
violently enough to break every 
Bond and chain Fenrir breaks 

1125
01:03:47,700 --> 01:03:51,000
free from Delight near The 
Impossible ribbon that had held 

1126
01:03:51,000 --> 01:03:54,300
him since the gods deceived him.
His Jaws Gap. 

1127
01:03:54,300 --> 01:03:58,100
So wide, they stretch from Earth
to Sky and he will only open 

1128
01:03:58,100 --> 01:04:02,800
them wider before the end. 
Your ride's up from the ocean 

1129
01:04:02,800 --> 01:04:06,600
floor sending massive waves, 
crashing over Coastline, 

1130
01:04:06,600 --> 01:04:09,700
flooding settlements and 
drowning thousands. 

1131
01:04:10,600 --> 01:04:14,600
The world serpent makes its way 
toward land spewing Venom that 

1132
01:04:14,600 --> 01:04:18,500
Poison's air and water. 
Loki breaks his Bonds in the 

1133
01:04:18,500 --> 01:04:22,900
cave where he is writhed in pain
for ages his ship, Nagle far 

1134
01:04:22,900 --> 01:04:25,700
built entirely from the 
fingernails and toenails of dead

1135
01:04:25,700 --> 01:04:28,500
people. 
Set sail, carrying an army of 

1136
01:04:28,500 --> 01:04:31,600
Giants and the Dishonored dead 
from Hell Haim. 

1137
01:04:32,400 --> 01:04:35,800
This detail about fingernails, 
is why Norse tradition held that

1138
01:04:35,800 --> 01:04:39,200
you should trim the nails of 
corpses before burial to delay? 

1139
01:04:39,200 --> 01:04:42,200
The completion of Nagel far and 
thus postpone Ragnarok. 

1140
01:04:42,200 --> 01:04:46,000
Serta, marches North from Muslim
with his army of fire Giants. 

1141
01:04:46,000 --> 01:04:49,500
His flaming sword blazing 
brighter than the vanished son, 

1142
01:04:50,500 --> 01:04:52,500
As the fire Giants crossed by 
Frost. 

1143
01:04:52,500 --> 01:04:56,300
The Rainbow Bridge breaks under 
their weight shattering into 

1144
01:04:56,300 --> 01:04:58,300
fragments that fall into the 
void. 

1145
01:04:59,100 --> 01:05:02,100
In Asgard hemdall, sounds is 
horn galleon. 

1146
01:05:02,700 --> 01:05:06,300
The blast carries through all 
nine Realms waking the iron, 

1147
01:05:06,300 --> 01:05:09,400
Valhalla and summoning the gods 
to gather. 

1148
01:05:10,300 --> 01:05:13,000
This is the moment they have 
prepared for since the 

1149
01:05:13,000 --> 01:05:16,000
beginning. 
Odin consults one final time 

1150
01:05:16,000 --> 01:05:19,100
with the head of mimir, which he
has preserved since the wise 

1151
01:05:19,100 --> 01:05:22,300
being's death. 
The head gives counsel though, 

1152
01:05:22,300 --> 01:05:26,100
whether it offers hope or simply
confirms what must happen is 

1153
01:05:26,100 --> 01:05:29,000
unclear. 
The armies meet on the plane 

1154
01:05:29,000 --> 01:05:32,700
called vigrid which is in enough
to accommodate all the Warriors 

1155
01:05:32,700 --> 01:05:36,000
from every Realm. 
The battle is not strategic or 

1156
01:05:36,000 --> 01:05:38,700
tactical. 
It is simply a clash of vast 

1157
01:05:38,700 --> 01:05:42,000
forces everyone fighting 
everyone else in a final, 

1158
01:05:42,000 --> 01:05:46,000
apocalyptic melee, Odin rides at
the front of the in her jar, his

1159
01:05:46,000 --> 01:05:49,000
Spear and his Raven circling 
overhead. 

1160
01:05:49,800 --> 01:05:53,900
Thor stands ready with mjolnir 
eager to finally settle accounts

1161
01:05:53,900 --> 01:05:57,400
with German Ganda? 
Freya fights without his best 

1162
01:05:57,400 --> 01:06:01,000
weapon having long ago, given 
away his sword in exchange for 

1163
01:06:01,000 --> 01:06:03,100
winning the giantess gerd as his
wife. 

1164
01:06:03,900 --> 01:06:08,000
Tier faces, the great hound gahn
escaped from its binding at the 

1165
01:06:08,000 --> 01:06:12,300
entrance to helheim. 
The specific duels are described

1166
01:06:12,300 --> 01:06:14,300
in the poems preserved by later 
generations. 

1167
01:06:14,300 --> 01:06:19,500
Odin fights fenrir the Wolfie 
ordered bound so long ago. 

1168
01:06:20,400 --> 01:06:24,600
Fenrir swallows Odin hole. 
Fulfilling the prophecy that the

1169
01:06:24,600 --> 01:06:26,900
all father would die in the 
wolf's Jaws. 

1170
01:06:27,600 --> 01:06:31,400
Odin's son vdar and immediately 
Avengers his father by stepping 

1171
01:06:31,400 --> 01:06:33,400
on. 
Fenris lower jaw with his 

1172
01:06:33,400 --> 01:06:37,200
specially made shoe and tearing 
the wolf's head and half. 

1173
01:06:38,300 --> 01:06:41,700
Thor fights Djimon Gander, 
Landing killing blows with his 

1174
01:06:41,700 --> 01:06:44,600
hammer. 
But the serpents of venomous so 

1175
01:06:44,600 --> 01:06:48,400
potent, that Thor manages only 9
steps away from the dying 

1176
01:06:48,400 --> 01:06:52,800
creature before falling dead 
himself, Tyrion kill each other.

1177
01:06:53,600 --> 01:06:56,300
Heimdall and Loki meeting combat
and slay. 

1178
01:06:56,300 --> 01:06:59,900
Each other ending their long 
enmity in mutual destruction. 

1179
01:07:00,800 --> 01:07:04,100
Prayer Falls to Serta cut down 
by the fire. 

1180
01:07:04,100 --> 01:07:05,600
Giants. 
Blazing Sword. 

1181
01:07:06,500 --> 01:07:08,800
After the Warriors of killed 
each other, and the plane is 

1182
01:07:08,800 --> 01:07:12,300
covered with corpses cert sets 
the world of flame. 

1183
01:07:13,000 --> 01:07:17,900
Fire consumes, Everything, egil 
Burns despite having endured so 

1184
01:07:17,900 --> 01:07:21,900
much for so long. 
The nine Realms burn Asgard 

1185
01:07:21,900 --> 01:07:24,900
Falls, its golden Halls 
collapsing into Ash. 

1186
01:07:25,600 --> 01:07:29,800
Midgards forests and Fields 
turned to smoke the Flames, 

1187
01:07:29,800 --> 01:07:33,500
reach everywhere, even Into the 
Depths when niffler, heimes ice 

1188
01:07:33,500 --> 01:07:38,000
has stood since before creation.
Nothing survives the fire. 

1189
01:07:38,800 --> 01:07:42,100
The world that the brothers made
from Yuma's body returns to 

1190
01:07:42,100 --> 01:07:46,700
formlessness all that careful 
construction unmade in an 

1191
01:07:46,700 --> 01:07:50,300
afternoon of violence and heat, 
but that is not quite the end 

1192
01:07:50,300 --> 01:07:54,700
after the fire has consumed. 
Everything after the Smoke 

1193
01:07:54,700 --> 01:07:58,600
Clears and the Flames die, for 
lack of fuel, the Earth rises 

1194
01:07:58,600 --> 01:08:02,800
again from the sea, it rises, 
green and fertile unspoiled by 

1195
01:08:02,800 --> 01:08:04,400
the conflict. 
That destroyed the previous 

1196
01:08:04,400 --> 01:08:07,900
version of Grass, Grows in 
places that have never known 

1197
01:08:07,900 --> 01:08:10,300
grass. 
Crops bring up without being 

1198
01:08:10,300 --> 01:08:12,600
planted. 
The Earth gives food without 

1199
01:08:12,600 --> 01:08:17,500
being asked. to humans, survive 
the destruction hidden in a 

1200
01:08:17,500 --> 01:08:21,600
place called hotmail's would 
their names are Lyft and Lyft 

1201
01:08:21,600 --> 01:08:26,500
thresher, which means life. 
And eager for life, they emerge 

1202
01:08:26,500 --> 01:08:30,000
into the new world and begin. 
The work of populating midgard. 

1203
01:08:31,100 --> 01:08:33,800
The sun had given birth to a 
daughter before being swallowed 

1204
01:08:33,800 --> 01:08:36,399
and this daughter. 
Now takes her mother's place in 

1205
01:08:36,399 --> 01:08:39,100
the sky providing light and 
warmth. 

1206
01:08:39,800 --> 01:08:43,800
Some of the Gods return as well,
belda walks out of helheim, 

1207
01:08:43,800 --> 01:08:46,100
finally freed from the realm of 
death. 

1208
01:08:46,100 --> 01:08:48,500
His brother hold her accompanies
him. 

1209
01:08:48,500 --> 01:08:52,800
The two reconciled beyond the 
grave Vdara and Valley survive 

1210
01:08:52,800 --> 01:08:57,200
as due to of Thor's, Sons named 
Modi and magni who carried their

1211
01:08:57,200 --> 01:09:00,800
father's Hammer into the new age
hernia, who had been one of the 

1212
01:09:00,800 --> 01:09:05,100
hostages exchanged after the war
between a sea and veneer returns

1213
01:09:05,100 --> 01:09:08,899
to read omen's and cast. 
Lots of survivors Gather in the 

1214
01:09:08,908 --> 01:09:12,399
place, where Asgard wants stood 
they find the golden game 

1215
01:09:12,399 --> 01:09:16,100
pieces, the old gods used for 
entertainment lying undamaged in

1216
01:09:16,100 --> 01:09:18,899
the grass. 
They sit and talk and remember 

1217
01:09:18,899 --> 01:09:23,600
what was before The cycle begins
again, the world has been 

1218
01:09:23,600 --> 01:09:27,000
renewed cleansed of the 
corruption and violence that 

1219
01:09:27,000 --> 01:09:31,100
made Ragnarok, inevitable. 
The new gods are wiser perhaps 

1220
01:09:31,100 --> 01:09:35,300
having inherited the memories of
their predecessors mistakes or 

1221
01:09:35,300 --> 01:09:38,500
perhaps they will make their own
mistakes leading eventually to 

1222
01:09:38,500 --> 01:09:43,100
another Ragnarok. 
Another renewal The texts do not

1223
01:09:43,100 --> 01:09:46,700
specify whether this cycle 
repeats infinitely or whether 

1224
01:09:46,700 --> 01:09:51,300
the new world is truly final. 
What matters is the acceptance 

1225
01:09:51,300 --> 01:09:54,600
built into the structure? 
The Norse worldview did not 

1226
01:09:54,608 --> 01:09:58,100
promise Eternal reward or 
threatened Eternal punishment. 

1227
01:09:58,100 --> 01:10:02,900
It acknowledged that all things 
end, even gods and worlds and it

1228
01:10:02,900 --> 01:10:06,000
found dignity and facing that 
ending with courage rather than 

1229
01:10:06,000 --> 01:10:09,400
despair. 
The gods knew they would die at 

1230
01:10:09,400 --> 01:10:12,100
Ragnarok yet. 
They feasted and fought, and 

1231
01:10:12,100 --> 01:10:15,900
loved and created. 
Anyway, Humans knew their lives 

1232
01:10:15,900 --> 01:10:20,100
were brief and often brutal yet,
they build an explored and made 

1233
01:10:20,100 --> 01:10:23,800
art and kept their word. 
The story does not end happily 

1234
01:10:23,800 --> 01:10:27,400
in the conventional sense. 
Almost everyone die's. 

1235
01:10:27,400 --> 01:10:31,600
The world Burns. 
Yet something survives and from 

1236
01:10:31,600 --> 01:10:35,100
that surviving seed, grows a new
world greener than the old. 

1237
01:10:36,800 --> 01:10:40,900
The cycle offers neither Comfort
nor hopelessness, but rather a 

1238
01:10:40,900 --> 01:10:44,000
middle path that accepts 
destruction as part of 

1239
01:10:44,008 --> 01:10:48,100
existence, while insisting that 
renewal follows destruction. 

1240
01:10:49,000 --> 01:10:51,400
As inevitably a spring follows 
winter. 

1241
01:10:52,200 --> 01:10:55,500
You have traveled now through 
the entire Arc from first Frost 

1242
01:10:55,500 --> 01:11:00,100
to final flame to New Beginning.
The cosmos that began when I met

1243
01:11:00,100 --> 01:11:02,600
fire in the void, as completed 
one full cycle. 

1244
01:11:02,600 --> 01:11:07,000
Emir's body has been unmade. 
The world tree has burned and 

1245
01:11:07,000 --> 01:11:11,100
still life persists. 
Ask and emblem as descendants 

1246
01:11:11,100 --> 01:11:14,100
continued. 
The gods who returned carry 

1247
01:11:14,100 --> 01:11:16,500
forward, what was worth 
preserving while leaving behind 

1248
01:11:16,500 --> 01:11:20,100
what needed to end. 
The storytellers who preserve 

1249
01:11:20,100 --> 01:11:22,600
these Tales around, winter 
fires, understood something 

1250
01:11:22,600 --> 01:11:25,900
about the human need for 
narrative that encompasses, both

1251
01:11:25,900 --> 01:11:30,400
destruction and Hope. they 
created a mythology where even 

1252
01:11:30,400 --> 01:11:34,500
the highest Powers faced their 
own mortality, Where wisdom 

1253
01:11:34,500 --> 01:11:36,600
brought sorrow as often as 
strength? 

1254
01:11:37,400 --> 01:11:40,800
Where the trickster could be 
both Helper and Destroyer. 

1255
01:11:41,600 --> 01:11:45,200
Where the end was known, but not
feared into paralysis. 

1256
01:11:46,600 --> 01:11:49,900
Your tired dumpling have reached
the conclusion of this long 

1257
01:11:49,900 --> 01:11:52,700
Northern Lights Journey. 
If you found something 

1258
01:11:52,700 --> 01:11:56,600
meaningful in these Tales of 
Giants and gods of grave loss 

1259
01:11:56,600 --> 01:12:00,200
stands and unexpected renewals, 
you might consider resting your 

1260
01:12:00,200 --> 01:12:02,700
thumb on the like button or 
subscribing. 

1261
01:12:02,700 --> 01:12:05,900
If your eyes can stay open long 
enough, the channel needs your 

1262
01:12:05,900 --> 01:12:08,500
support. 
Roughly as much as igles needed 

1263
01:12:08,500 --> 01:12:12,700
the Norms daily watering or 
simply close your eyes and let 

1264
01:12:12,700 --> 01:12:16,000
the images settle. 
The nine Realms will wait for 

1265
01:12:16,000 --> 01:12:17,300
you if you wish to visit them 
again. 

1266
01:12:18,300 --> 01:12:20,400
Sleep. 
Well, among the branches of the 

1267
01:12:20,400 --> 01:12:27,900
world tree. 
Welcome back my tired friends 

1268
01:12:27,900 --> 01:12:31,800
settle in, get comfy. 
Tonight, we're going to spend 

1269
01:12:31,800 --> 01:12:34,500
some time with one of the 
strangest and most human stories

1270
01:12:34,500 --> 01:12:37,600
in the history of art, which is 
the story of a boy who arrived 

1271
01:12:37,600 --> 01:12:39,400
in the world already. 
Knowing what he was going to do 

1272
01:12:39,400 --> 01:12:41,300
with it and spent the rest of 
his life. 

1273
01:12:41,300 --> 01:12:43,900
Doing it with an intensity that 
never once lit up. 

1274
01:12:44,600 --> 01:12:49,300
His first word was pencil. 
Not Mumma not the Spanish 

1275
01:12:49,300 --> 01:12:52,400
equivalent of whatever Amala 
infant in 1881. 

1276
01:12:52,400 --> 01:12:55,800
Typically produced first. 
According to his mum, what the 

1277
01:12:55,800 --> 01:12:58,700
infant Pablo reached for, with 
his new mouth was the word for 

1278
01:12:58,700 --> 01:13:01,100
the thing. 
He most wanted a shortening of 

1279
01:13:01,108 --> 01:13:05,300
the Spanish, lapis pencil pits 
peas, a demand dressed up as a 

1280
01:13:05,300 --> 01:13:07,400
word. 
He was born on the 25th of 

1281
01:13:07,400 --> 01:13:12,200
October 1881 and a house on the 
plaza de la mesa in Malaga on 

1282
01:13:12,200 --> 01:13:15,100
the southern coast of Spain. 
And he arrived into a family 

1283
01:13:15,100 --> 01:13:17,500
that was already organized 
around art in a way that would 

1284
01:13:17,500 --> 01:13:19,900
have made his trajectory 
probable, even if he had turned 

1285
01:13:19,900 --> 01:13:23,700
out to be merely talented, which
he did, not, his father was 

1286
01:13:23,700 --> 01:13:27,500
Hussey Ruiz Blasco. 
Jose was a painter and a teacher

1287
01:13:27,500 --> 01:13:31,300
of painting, a methodical and 
technically accomplished man who

1288
01:13:31,300 --> 01:13:33,800
had spent his career painting, 
the kinds of things that the 

1289
01:13:33,800 --> 01:13:38,100
academic tradition expected of 
him, still life's pigeons birds 

1290
01:13:38,100 --> 01:13:41,300
and general, the occasional 
landscape the human figure 

1291
01:13:41,300 --> 01:13:45,500
rendered with careful Fidelity. 
He was not a radical, he was not

1292
01:13:45,500 --> 01:13:48,400
chasing anything new. 
He taught at the School of Fine 

1293
01:13:48,400 --> 01:13:52,700
Arts in Malaga in the curated. 
The city's Municipal Museum, he 

1294
01:13:52,700 --> 01:13:55,300
painted his pigeons with the 
patient devotion of a man who 

1295
01:13:55,300 --> 01:13:58,000
had found his subject. 
An intended to stay with it. 

1296
01:13:58,700 --> 01:14:01,500
He also recognized what? 
He had produced by the time 

1297
01:14:01,500 --> 01:14:05,600
Pablo was seven Jose had begun 
teaching him formally in the way

1298
01:14:05,600 --> 01:14:08,400
Jose understood teaching which 
was the way the academic 

1299
01:14:08,400 --> 01:14:12,600
tradition understood it copy the
masters draw from plaster casts 

1300
01:14:12,600 --> 01:14:15,600
draw from live models. 
Build the foundation before 

1301
01:14:15,600 --> 01:14:19,000
attempting the structure, the 
foundation went in very fast. 

1302
01:14:19,000 --> 01:14:22,500
The boys hand moved with a 
shortness that Jose who 

1303
01:14:22,500 --> 01:14:24,300
understood what she in a 
painter's hand? 

1304
01:14:24,308 --> 01:14:27,300
Looked like recognized as 
something outside the normal 

1305
01:14:27,300 --> 01:14:31,400
range. he began bringing his son
into his own work, asking the 

1306
01:14:31,400 --> 01:14:34,500
boy to help finish paintings to 
add the legs to a pigeon, 

1307
01:14:34,500 --> 01:14:38,100
composition to complete a 
section of background The boy 

1308
01:14:38,100 --> 01:14:40,800
was better at it than he was. 
At some point. 

1309
01:14:40,800 --> 01:14:44,300
When Pablo was around, 30, has a
looked at what his son had 

1310
01:14:44,300 --> 01:14:47,100
painted on a canvas, he had 
started and understood that, the

1311
01:14:47,100 --> 01:14:50,000
thing had happened. 
That the child had arrived at a 

1312
01:14:50,008 --> 01:14:52,600
place, he himself, had never 
reached and was not going to 

1313
01:14:52,600 --> 01:14:56,400
reach the story that has been 
passed down, possibly a popular.

1314
01:14:56,400 --> 01:15:00,000
But consistent with the accounts
of people who knew the family is

1315
01:15:00,000 --> 01:15:03,200
that Jose gave his palate and 
his brushes to his son and 

1316
01:15:03,200 --> 01:15:06,600
stopped painting. 
Whether the gesture was as clean

1317
01:15:06,600 --> 01:15:09,900
and final as the story suggests 
or whether it happened, more 

1318
01:15:09,900 --> 01:15:12,200
gradually in the legend. 
Heidi did it into a single 

1319
01:15:12,200 --> 01:15:16,300
moment. the underlying fact is 
documented in what Jose produced

1320
01:15:16,300 --> 01:15:20,300
after that point, which was very
little He had been surpassed by 

1321
01:15:20,308 --> 01:15:23,300
a 13 year old the 13 year old in
question. 

1322
01:15:23,300 --> 01:15:26,300
Had by this point already spent 
several years compulsively 

1323
01:15:26,300 --> 01:15:31,100
filling every surface available 
to him in school which he hated 

1324
01:15:31,100 --> 01:15:33,400
with the thoroughness of someone
who finds the pace of 

1325
01:15:33,408 --> 01:15:36,900
institutional learning, 
genuinely painful, he drew 

1326
01:15:36,900 --> 01:15:40,300
instead of listening. 
His teacher allowed him to keep 

1327
01:15:40,300 --> 01:15:43,600
a pigeon in the classroom alive 
one because Pablo would not stop

1328
01:15:43,600 --> 01:15:46,100
drawing pigeons. 
And the teacher had concluded 

1329
01:15:46,100 --> 01:15:48,300
that the easiest path was to 
provide the subject. 

1330
01:15:48,300 --> 01:15:50,600
He drew on the margins of his 
school books. 

1331
01:15:50,600 --> 01:15:53,700
He drew on the walls, he drew 
the way other children. 

1332
01:15:53,700 --> 01:15:56,400
Breathe, which is to say, 
without thinking about it as a, 

1333
01:15:56,408 --> 01:15:59,300
continuous Baseline activity 
that ran underneath everything 

1334
01:15:59,300 --> 01:16:01,800
else. 
The family moved several times 

1335
01:16:01,800 --> 01:16:05,600
during his childhood Malaga 
first, until Pablo is 10. 

1336
01:16:05,600 --> 01:16:08,500
And then like arunya on the 
Northwestern coast of Spain 

1337
01:16:08,500 --> 01:16:12,600
where Jose had taken a 
professorship Was cooler and 

1338
01:16:12,600 --> 01:16:14,600
grayer and less, beautiful than 
Malaga. 

1339
01:16:14,600 --> 01:16:17,700
And Pablo, missed the South, the
way children missed the specific

1340
01:16:17,700 --> 01:16:19,600
textures of the first place they
knew. 

1341
01:16:20,300 --> 01:16:23,700
He kept working. 
The move to likoria produced a 

1342
01:16:23,700 --> 01:16:27,100
small formal Sketchbook in which
he recorded the city around him,

1343
01:16:27,100 --> 01:16:31,400
the streets and the faces, and 
the harbor with the 

1344
01:16:31,400 --> 01:16:34,000
observational, Precision of 
someone who uses drawing, the 

1345
01:16:34,000 --> 01:16:36,900
way other people use language as
their primary method of 

1346
01:16:36,900 --> 01:16:38,300
understanding what they are 
looking at. 

1347
01:16:39,900 --> 01:16:42,700
In La coruna, his sister 
Conchita felt ill with 

1348
01:16:42,708 --> 01:16:46,100
diphtheria. 
She was seven years old, Pablo 

1349
01:16:46,100 --> 01:16:48,300
made a private bargain with 
himself during her illness. 

1350
01:16:48,300 --> 01:16:51,000
The kind of bargain that a 13 
year old makes with the 

1351
01:16:51,000 --> 01:16:53,100
universe. 
When the universe is not yet. 

1352
01:16:53,100 --> 01:16:56,900
Demonstrated, its terms clearly 
He told himself he would stop 

1353
01:16:56,900 --> 01:16:59,700
drawing if she recovered drawing
was the thing. 

1354
01:16:59,700 --> 01:17:01,100
He valued most. 
Absolutely. 

1355
01:17:01,100 --> 01:17:04,000
The only currency he had. 
That felt proportionate to what 

1356
01:17:04,000 --> 01:17:07,900
he was asking for. 
She did not recover, she died in

1357
01:17:07,900 --> 01:17:12,500
January of 1895 and Pablo did 
not stop drawing because the 

1358
01:17:12,500 --> 01:17:16,200
bargain had not been on the 
other side and because he was 13

1359
01:17:16,200 --> 01:17:19,800
and the need to draw was deeper 
than any bargain, he could make 

1360
01:17:19,800 --> 01:17:23,400
against it. 
The family moved again that year

1361
01:17:23,400 --> 01:17:27,500
to Barcelona. 
Barcelona in 1895 was not what 

1362
01:17:27,500 --> 01:17:29,300
Malaga had been or what likoria 
had been. 

1363
01:17:29,300 --> 01:17:31,200
It was a city in the middle of 
something. 

1364
01:17:31,200 --> 01:17:34,800
The modernist movement that was 
reshaping Catalan architecture 

1365
01:17:34,800 --> 01:17:38,500
and art and intellectual life 
simultaneously and Tony Gaudi. 

1366
01:17:38,500 --> 01:17:41,200
Building his impossible, organic
structures across the city. 

1367
01:17:41,200 --> 01:17:44,900
The cafes full of people who are
doing about what art was allowed

1368
01:17:44,900 --> 01:17:48,900
to be and what it was not Hosea 
had taken a post at the city 

1369
01:17:48,900 --> 01:17:52,500
school of fine arts, The Yacht 
jaw and he arranged for his son 

1370
01:17:52,500 --> 01:17:55,600
to take the entrance Examination
for the advanced course in 

1371
01:17:55,600 --> 01:17:59,000
classical art and still life. 
The examination normally took 

1372
01:17:59,000 --> 01:18:02,000
students a month. 
Pablo completed it in a week, 

1373
01:18:02,000 --> 01:18:06,100
the jury admitted him at 13. 
Looked at what he'd produced and

1374
01:18:06,100 --> 01:18:08,800
admitted him to the advanced 
class rather than the standard 

1375
01:18:08,800 --> 01:18:11,400
one, the examiners were 
astonished according to the 

1376
01:18:11,400 --> 01:18:13,800
accounts that survived in the 
particular way that 

1377
01:18:13,800 --> 01:18:16,400
professionals are astonished. 
When someone young does the 

1378
01:18:16,400 --> 01:18:19,300
thing they have spent their 
careers building toward and does

1379
01:18:19,300 --> 01:18:21,600
it without apparent effort and 
is 13. 

1380
01:18:21,600 --> 01:18:25,300
Picasso said, later looking back
at these years that he had never

1381
01:18:25,300 --> 01:18:29,000
drawn like a child. 
When he was 12 he said he drew 

1382
01:18:29,000 --> 01:18:32,200
like, Raphael, it was a 
statement about what childhood 

1383
01:18:32,200 --> 01:18:35,700
had actually been for him, which
was not appeared of gradual 

1384
01:18:35,700 --> 01:18:38,400
development toward competence 
but appeared of refining. 

1385
01:18:38,400 --> 01:18:40,600
Something that had arrived 
essentially complete. 

1386
01:18:41,400 --> 01:18:43,400
He did not yet know he was going
to break it. 

1387
01:18:43,400 --> 01:18:48,100
He was 13 years old and living 
in Barcelona and drawing like 

1388
01:18:48,100 --> 01:18:51,300
Raphael and the century. 
He was going to reshape was 

1389
01:18:51,300 --> 01:18:54,500
still 17 years away from ending 
Barcelona. 

1390
01:18:54,500 --> 01:18:57,200
In 1899 was a city with Paris on
its mind. 

1391
01:18:57,200 --> 01:19:00,400
The modernist movement that had 
been reshaping its architecture 

1392
01:19:00,400 --> 01:19:01,700
and intellectual life. 
For the better. 

1393
01:19:01,700 --> 01:19:04,800
Part of a decade was explicitly 
oriented toward what was 

1394
01:19:04,800 --> 01:19:08,000
happening in France, toward the 
painters and Poets and musicians

1395
01:19:08,000 --> 01:19:10,300
of Monmouth. 
Toured the particular 

1396
01:19:10,300 --> 01:19:13,600
electricity of a city that had 
decided it was at the center of 

1397
01:19:13,600 --> 01:19:15,500
everything and was conducting 
itself. 

1398
01:19:15,500 --> 01:19:18,900
Accordingly, the artists and 
Barcelona's Bohemian circles 

1399
01:19:18,900 --> 01:19:21,800
spoke Catalan rather than 
Spanish and called themselves 

1400
01:19:21,800 --> 01:19:24,600
nationalists. 
But their hearts as one 

1401
01:19:24,600 --> 01:19:27,400
contemporary Observer noted was 
set on Paris. 

1402
01:19:28,000 --> 01:19:30,200
They were watching from a 
distance and preparing to close 

1403
01:19:30,200 --> 01:19:32,500
it. 
Picasso arrived in the city of 

1404
01:19:32,500 --> 01:19:34,600
15 and understood it 
immediately. 

1405
01:19:36,300 --> 01:19:38,600
He began spending his evening's 
at elss Catra. 

1406
01:19:38,600 --> 01:19:42,600
The four cats avern in a Neo 
Gothic building in the gothic 

1407
01:19:42,600 --> 01:19:46,900
quarter that had opened in 1897 
and advertised itself as an inn.

1408
01:19:46,900 --> 01:19:50,200
For the disillusioned, The name 
referred both to the four 

1409
01:19:50,200 --> 01:19:51,500
Founders, who had established 
it. 

1410
01:19:51,500 --> 01:19:55,200
And to lushan, the famous 
Bohemian Cabaret in Monmouth 

1411
01:19:55,200 --> 01:19:58,700
that had been the model and the 
aspirational, the walls of the 

1412
01:19:58,700 --> 01:20:01,400
four cats were hung with 
painting by Ramon Casas, and 

1413
01:20:01,400 --> 01:20:05,600
Santiago Russian all Two of the 
founding painters and On Any 

1414
01:20:05,600 --> 01:20:07,500
Given evening. 
The room contained writers and 

1415
01:20:07,500 --> 01:20:09,500
Architects. 
And musicians and young painters

1416
01:20:09,500 --> 01:20:12,800
who were arguing about what art 
was and was not supposed to be 

1417
01:20:12,800 --> 01:20:15,600
doing, which was the argument 
that Picasso had been waiting 

1418
01:20:15,600 --> 01:20:19,000
his whole short life to be part 
of He made himself useful, 

1419
01:20:19,000 --> 01:20:22,500
immediately, Pere Romero. 
Who ran the tavern commissioned 

1420
01:20:22,500 --> 01:20:25,700
him to design the menu. 
Picasso produced a cover that 

1421
01:20:25,700 --> 01:20:28,300
showed a group of clients seated
in front of the building's 

1422
01:20:28,300 --> 01:20:30,900
facade, a work. 
That was immediately compared to

1423
01:20:30,908 --> 01:20:34,200
the style of Ramon Casas. 
Who was the most admired painter

1424
01:20:34,200 --> 01:20:37,300
in the room and whom Picasso had
identified as the person worth 

1425
01:20:37,300 --> 01:20:39,500
studying. 
Picasso studied him. 

1426
01:20:39,500 --> 01:20:42,900
He also began producing charcoal
portraits of the regulars 

1427
01:20:42,900 --> 01:20:46,100
between 50 and 100. 
And 150 of them hung in the main

1428
01:20:46,100 --> 01:20:49,200
room in February of 1900 for 
what was effectively his first 

1429
01:20:49,200 --> 01:20:53,000
public exhibition, the portraits
were pen and ink and watercolor 

1430
01:20:53,000 --> 01:20:56,400
quick and observational 
caricature edging toward genuine

1431
01:20:56,400 --> 01:20:59,500
likeness and they showed what 
the next decade of his work 

1432
01:20:59,500 --> 01:21:02,900
would confirm that Picasso saw 
people, the way other people see

1433
01:21:02,900 --> 01:21:07,000
surfaces all the way in on the 
first look, he was 17 years old.

1434
01:21:07,000 --> 01:21:11,000
He met Carlos in the spring of 
1899. 

1435
01:21:12,300 --> 01:21:16,000
Was a painter and poet. 
The son of the American Consul 

1436
01:21:16,000 --> 01:21:19,100
in Barcelona. 
One year older than Picasso and 

1437
01:21:19,100 --> 01:21:21,500
drawn to the same. 
Bohemian experimentation that 

1438
01:21:21,500 --> 01:21:25,000
Drew everyone in that room. 
They recognize something in each

1439
01:21:25,000 --> 01:21:27,700
other immediately. 
Particular recognition that 

1440
01:21:27,700 --> 01:21:30,900
happens between two people who 
are both in the early stages of 

1441
01:21:30,900 --> 01:21:33,800
becoming something and can sense
the same quality of becoming in 

1442
01:21:33,800 --> 01:21:36,600
the other person. 
They set up a shared Studio at 

1443
01:21:36,600 --> 01:21:43,000
riera De Sancho on 17, 
decoration working side by side 

1444
01:21:43,000 --> 01:21:44,500
in the way that young artists 
work. 

1445
01:21:44,500 --> 01:21:47,900
When they have found someone who
keeps Pace with them, Casa. 

1446
01:21:47,900 --> 01:21:50,600
James was funny and Brilliant 
and already in some difficulty 

1447
01:21:50,600 --> 01:21:53,000
with himself that his friends 
managed as best they could. 

1448
01:21:54,100 --> 01:21:58,100
In September of 1900, the two of
them left, Barcelona for Paris 

1449
01:21:58,100 --> 01:22:00,100
together. 
This was the thing. 

1450
01:22:00,100 --> 01:22:03,100
They had been building toward 
everyone in that room, at the 

1451
01:22:03,108 --> 01:22:05,600
four cats had been building 
toward it and now they were 

1452
01:22:05,600 --> 01:22:10,500
going The universal Exposition 
was open in Paris and Picasso 

1453
01:22:10,500 --> 01:22:12,400
had a painting, excepted for 
exhibition. 

1454
01:22:12,400 --> 01:22:15,600
There, the first time, his work 
had been shown outside Spain, 

1455
01:22:15,600 --> 01:22:19,000
they arrived in Monmouth and 
moved into a studio that had 

1456
01:22:19,000 --> 01:22:23,500
been vacated by the Catalan 
painter, isidre, a cramped and 

1457
01:22:23,500 --> 01:22:26,400
productive space, in which they 
worked, and argued and went out 

1458
01:22:26,400 --> 01:22:29,700
into Paris and tried to absorb 
as much of it as possible in the

1459
01:22:29,708 --> 01:22:32,800
time of available in Paris, fell
in love. 

1460
01:22:33,700 --> 01:22:36,900
Her name was Jamaica, Gallo a 
model who had become part of 

1461
01:22:36,900 --> 01:22:39,800
their Circle and the love was 
not returned in the wake of 

1462
01:22:39,808 --> 01:22:42,900
sodium as needed it to be. 
He had always been volatile, 

1463
01:22:42,900 --> 01:22:46,100
mood swings and depression that 
the people who knew him had 

1464
01:22:46,100 --> 01:22:49,500
learned to manage and Jermaine's
refusal opened something in him 

1465
01:22:49,508 --> 01:22:53,200
that did not close Picasso. 
Watching his friend deteriorate 

1466
01:22:53,200 --> 01:22:55,600
suggested, they leave Paris for 
the holidays. 

1467
01:22:55,600 --> 01:22:58,400
Come back to Spain. 
Get some distance from the 

1468
01:22:58,400 --> 01:23:01,000
situation. 
They went to Barcelona and then 

1469
01:23:01,000 --> 01:23:04,300
to Malaga where kasama is 
behavior, became erratic enough,

1470
01:23:04,300 --> 01:23:07,900
that Picasso in an act, he would
later struggle with, but him on 

1471
01:23:07,900 --> 01:23:10,800
a boat, back to Barcelona alone 
and went to Madrid to work. 

1472
01:23:10,800 --> 01:23:15,000
They never saw each other again.
On the evening of the 17th of 

1473
01:23:15,000 --> 01:23:19,200
February. 1901 Casa. 
James organized, A Farewell 

1474
01:23:19,200 --> 01:23:20,500
dinner at the cafe. 
Delhi. 

1475
01:23:20,500 --> 01:23:25,000
Drum in Paris, after many rounds
of wine and absent, he asked 

1476
01:23:25,000 --> 01:23:28,300
your main one final time if she 
would marry him when she refused

1477
01:23:28,300 --> 01:23:31,800
she drew a pistol and fired at 
her, the bullet, grazed her 

1478
01:23:32,900 --> 01:23:35,200
Believing. 
He had killed her castle, James 

1479
01:23:35,200 --> 01:23:38,300
turned the gun on himself, and 
shot himself in the right 

1480
01:23:38,300 --> 01:23:40,700
Temple. 
He died in the hospital that 

1481
01:23:40,700 --> 01:23:44,000
night. 
He was 20 years old, Picasso was

1482
01:23:44,000 --> 01:23:47,300
in Madrid when he heard. 
He returned to Paris in May of 

1483
01:23:47,308 --> 01:23:49,700
that year and moved back into 
the studio. 

1484
01:23:49,700 --> 01:23:53,300
They had shared lived in the 
room where his friend had slept 

1485
01:23:53,300 --> 01:23:56,400
and eaten and worked and 
descended into the grief that 

1486
01:23:56,400 --> 01:23:59,600
had ended at the Hippodrome. 
He visited the site of the 

1487
01:23:59,600 --> 01:24:02,900
shooting, he began painting 
Kasich his face. 

1488
01:24:02,900 --> 01:24:06,900
His body in the coffin, the 
scene of his death and burial, a

1489
01:24:06,900 --> 01:24:10,300
series of works that were 
simultaneously portraits and an 

1490
01:24:10,300 --> 01:24:13,600
attempt to understand what had 
happened and what Picasso's own 

1491
01:24:13,600 --> 01:24:17,000
share of responsibility for. 
It might be In the preliminary 

1492
01:24:17,000 --> 01:24:19,300
sketches, for the most 
significant painting of this 

1493
01:24:19,300 --> 01:24:22,300
period, a large allegorical work
called la vie. 

1494
01:24:23,000 --> 01:24:26,700
The face of the central male 
figure was Becca's own in the 

1495
01:24:26,700 --> 01:24:28,900
finished painting. 
He changed it to Casa Gomez. 

1496
01:24:28,900 --> 01:24:32,000
The grief did not resolve into 
something discreet and 

1497
01:24:32,000 --> 01:24:35,300
manageable it went into the work
changed, the color of the work 

1498
01:24:35,300 --> 01:24:38,300
changed, what the work was about
and who it was about and what 

1499
01:24:38,300 --> 01:24:41,100
Picasso thought painting was 
supposed to be doing in relation

1500
01:24:41,100 --> 01:24:44,700
to the people at depicted. 
The blue period had not yet been

1501
01:24:44,700 --> 01:24:48,900
named it was not yet a period. 
It was simply a painter sitting 

1502
01:24:48,900 --> 01:24:53,100
in a room in Paris in 1901 
surrounded by the absence of his

1503
01:24:53,100 --> 01:24:55,200
friend reaching for the blue end
of the palette. 

1504
01:24:56,200 --> 01:25:00,400
The summer of 1901 started. 
Well, Picasso had an exhibition 

1505
01:25:00,400 --> 01:25:03,400
at the gallery of Ambrose 
vollard in Paris the dealer with

1506
01:25:03,408 --> 01:25:05,300
an eye. 
For the genuinely new, and the 

1507
01:25:05,308 --> 01:25:08,500
show was noticed. 
The critic Felician fakies 

1508
01:25:08,500 --> 01:25:11,300
reviewed it in LA Revue blush. 
And understood what he was 

1509
01:25:11,308 --> 01:25:14,200
looking at the paintings, 
Picasso produced for that show 

1510
01:25:14,200 --> 01:25:17,500
were bright energetic, full of 
colour depicting. 

1511
01:25:17,500 --> 01:25:20,300
The life of Paris with the 
hungry attention of a 20 year 

1512
01:25:20,300 --> 01:25:23,200
old, who had just arrived in the
city, he had been dreaming about

1513
01:25:23,200 --> 01:25:27,900
since the four cats He was young
and his friend had just died and

1514
01:25:27,900 --> 01:25:29,800
the paintings. 
He was making that summer showed

1515
01:25:29,800 --> 01:25:32,700
almost none of it. 
The second half of the year was 

1516
01:25:32,700 --> 01:25:57,000
different. 
Picasso cycle determines by late

1517
01:25:57,000 --> 01:26:00,500
1901 Picasso had painted a 
self-portrait in which he showed

1518
01:26:00,500 --> 01:26:03,600
himself at 20 as a man with 
hollowed features and a patched 

1519
01:26:03,600 --> 01:26:06,700
coach. 
The face gaunt the eyes in Wood.

1520
01:26:06,700 --> 01:26:08,500
No. 
Trace of the energy of the 

1521
01:26:08,500 --> 01:26:11,100
volunteers. 
He looked like someone much 

1522
01:26:11,100 --> 01:26:14,200
older and much colder. 
He was also genuinely poor. 

1523
01:26:14,200 --> 01:26:17,800
This is the detail that the 
retrospective Fame of the blue 

1524
01:26:17,800 --> 01:26:21,200
period 10s to obscure. 
The paintings from this period 

1525
01:26:21,200 --> 01:26:23,600
are now among the most 
reproduced and most beloved in 

1526
01:26:23,600 --> 01:26:26,600
the history of Western Art 
hanging in major museums 

1527
01:26:26,600 --> 01:26:30,300
reproduced on everything 
imaginable sold at auction for 

1528
01:26:30,300 --> 01:26:31,600
figures. 
That would have constituted 

1529
01:26:31,600 --> 01:26:35,200
several lifetimes of income for 
the 20 year old, who made them. 

1530
01:26:36,300 --> 01:26:38,500
At the time, he could not sell 
them. 

1531
01:26:38,500 --> 01:26:42,000
The critics who had praised the 
void show retreated, when the 

1532
01:26:42,000 --> 01:26:45,400
blue paintings arrived, the 
market did not want to elongated

1533
01:26:45,400 --> 01:26:49,000
Beggars and blind old men and 
emaciated mums, and the quiet 

1534
01:26:49,000 --> 01:26:51,000
misery of people on the margins 
of a city. 

1535
01:26:51,000 --> 01:26:54,300
Picasso went without food during
stretches of 1902. 

1536
01:26:54,300 --> 01:26:58,400
He burned drawings to stay warm.
He knew what poverty looked like

1537
01:26:58,400 --> 01:27:01,600
from the inside, because he was 
inside it, this shape, what he 

1538
01:27:01,600 --> 01:27:04,900
painted. 
He began visiting the women's 

1539
01:27:04,900 --> 01:27:08,700
prison of Saint Lazare in Paris 
where none served as guards, and

1540
01:27:08,700 --> 01:27:10,600
women were housed with their 
nursing infants. 

1541
01:27:11,400 --> 01:27:14,600
He went repeatedly drawing the 
women there, the mums with their

1542
01:27:14,600 --> 01:27:17,600
children, the particular 
combination of confinement and 

1543
01:27:17,600 --> 01:27:20,900
tenderness that the prison 
produced the visits gave him 

1544
01:27:20,900 --> 01:27:24,100
models and material and 
something else harder to name a 

1545
01:27:24,100 --> 01:27:25,600
contact with human suffering at 
his. 

1546
01:27:25,608 --> 01:27:29,000
Most unadorned with people, 
who'd been removed from ordinary

1547
01:27:29,000 --> 01:27:31,300
life and place somewhere that 
Stripped Away. 

1548
01:27:31,300 --> 01:27:35,100
Everything except the essential 
fact of their existence, The 

1549
01:27:35,100 --> 01:27:38,200
paintings that came out of these
visits the super among them have

1550
01:27:38,200 --> 01:27:41,800
the quality of documents, not of
suffering dramatized, but of 

1551
01:27:41,800 --> 01:27:43,400
suffering, observed with 
complete. 

1552
01:27:43,400 --> 01:27:46,800
And sober attention, the 
subjects of the blue period are 

1553
01:27:46,800 --> 01:27:49,700
consistent enough to constitute 
a world Beggars. 

1554
01:27:49,700 --> 01:27:55,200
The blind prostitutes old men 
alone at Bear tables, mums 

1555
01:27:55,200 --> 01:27:58,500
hunched over children figures 
stretch tall, and thin against 

1556
01:27:58,500 --> 01:28:02,100
empty, backgrounds elongated in 
the way that El Greco had 

1557
01:28:02,100 --> 01:28:05,200
elongated his figures for 
centuries earlier a technique 

1558
01:28:05,200 --> 01:28:08,500
Picasso had studied in The Prado
and was now applying to the 

1559
01:28:08,500 --> 01:28:09,900
people. 
He saw on the streets of 

1560
01:28:09,900 --> 01:28:13,700
Barcelona and Paris. 
The elongation is not Distortion

1561
01:28:13,700 --> 01:28:17,200
in the pejorative sense. 
It is a formal choice that gives

1562
01:28:17,200 --> 01:28:20,900
the figures a kind of ghostly 
Grace, a presence that is both 

1563
01:28:20,900 --> 01:28:23,800
entirely human and slightly 
Beyond it. 

1564
01:28:25,300 --> 01:28:27,800
The National Gallery of Art 
writing about these Works 

1565
01:28:27,800 --> 01:28:31,400
describe the effect as Picasso 
metaphorically, allowing his 

1566
01:28:31,400 --> 01:28:35,700
subjects to escape their fate to
occupy something like a utopian 

1567
01:28:35,700 --> 01:28:38,800
state of grace. 
Blindness recurs throughout the 

1568
01:28:38,800 --> 01:28:41,000
period with an almost obsessive 
frequency. 

1569
01:28:41,000 --> 01:28:43,900
The blindman's meal painted in 
1903. 

1570
01:28:43,900 --> 01:28:46,300
Shows a single figure at a bare 
table. 

1571
01:28:46,300 --> 01:28:48,600
One hand reaching toward a wine 
jug. 

1572
01:28:48,600 --> 01:28:52,000
The face turned slightly away in
the Unseen orientation of the 

1573
01:28:52,000 --> 01:28:56,800
permanently blind. 
The old guitarist also 1903 is 

1574
01:28:56,800 --> 01:28:59,600
the most famous of these Works a
hunched old man. 

1575
01:28:59,600 --> 01:29:03,500
Cradling an enormous instrument,
the body angular and compressed,

1576
01:29:03,500 --> 01:29:06,100
the guitar taking up most of the
space around him. 

1577
01:29:06,100 --> 01:29:09,500
The man himself reduced to the 
bare minimum of presence 

1578
01:29:09,500 --> 01:29:11,100
required to hold the thing and 
play it. 

1579
01:29:12,300 --> 01:29:15,500
The guitar is brown the single 
warm note in a painting. 

1580
01:29:15,500 --> 01:29:18,000
Otherwise built entirely from 
blue gray, cold. 

1581
01:29:19,000 --> 01:29:22,400
X-ray examination of the canvas 
has revealed that other figures 

1582
01:29:22,400 --> 01:29:25,600
are painted beneath the surface,
the guitarist laid over them 

1583
01:29:25,600 --> 01:29:28,600
Picasso working, through several
compositions before. 

1584
01:29:28,600 --> 01:29:31,600
Arriving at this one, the 
blindness in these paintings was

1585
01:29:31,600 --> 01:29:34,400
not merely descriptive. 
Picasso was aware of the 

1586
01:29:34,400 --> 01:29:38,100
symbolist movements in blindness
as a condition that opened 

1587
01:29:38,100 --> 01:29:40,100
toward in a vision rather than 
closing it. 

1588
01:29:40,100 --> 01:29:43,700
The idea that those without 
sight might see something others

1589
01:29:43,700 --> 01:29:48,700
could not Whether he subscribed 
to this idea fully or used it as

1590
01:29:48,700 --> 01:29:50,300
a formal resource. 
Is a question. 

1591
01:29:50,300 --> 01:29:52,300
The painting's do not answer 
cleanly. 

1592
01:29:53,000 --> 01:29:56,700
What they establish painting 
after painting is a sustained 

1593
01:29:56,700 --> 01:29:59,300
attention to the people who 
exist at the edge of the social 

1594
01:29:59,300 --> 01:30:01,200
world. 
The people who are present in 

1595
01:30:01,200 --> 01:30:04,800
cities and invisible in the 
simultaneously and a consistent 

1596
01:30:04,800 --> 01:30:07,100
refusal to send to lies what he 
found there. 

1597
01:30:07,800 --> 01:30:12,000
La Vie completed in May of 1903.
Is the blue period's. 

1598
01:30:12,000 --> 01:30:13,600
Most ambitious and complicated 
work. 

1599
01:30:13,600 --> 01:30:17,300
It is large nearly two meters 
tall and shows two groups of 

1600
01:30:17,300 --> 01:30:20,400
figures facing each other. 
A naked couple on the left, and 

1601
01:30:20,400 --> 01:30:22,500
a cloaked woman. 
Holding a child on the right 

1602
01:30:22,500 --> 01:30:25,700
with two smaller, paintings 
within the painting visible in 

1603
01:30:25,700 --> 01:30:29,600
the background, one showing a 
crouched figure of grief and one

1604
01:30:29,600 --> 01:30:32,600
a couple embracing. 
The central male figure has the 

1605
01:30:32,600 --> 01:30:36,000
face of Kaze, Amos in the 
preliminary sketches that face 

1606
01:30:36,000 --> 01:30:39,100
was Picasso's own. 
But the painting means has been 

1607
01:30:39,100 --> 01:30:43,000
argued over ever since birth and
death, love and its 

1608
01:30:43,000 --> 01:30:45,600
consequences. 
The passage between Youth and 

1609
01:30:45,600 --> 01:30:47,500
age. 
The weight of what is owed to 

1610
01:30:47,500 --> 01:30:50,400
the living, and the dead. 
What it refuses to do is 

1611
01:30:50,400 --> 01:30:54,300
resolved, it holds all of these 
reading simultaneously and will 

1612
01:30:54,300 --> 01:30:57,000
not chose among them, which is 
either a weakness or the most 

1613
01:30:57,000 --> 01:30:58,900
honest thing. 
The painting could do, depending

1614
01:30:58,900 --> 01:31:02,000
on how you look at it. 
The blue period Ended as 

1615
01:31:02,000 --> 01:31:05,500
gradually as it began the cold 
colors warming slowly in late 

1616
01:31:05,500 --> 01:31:08,500
1904 as Picasso's circumstances 
changed. 

1617
01:31:08,500 --> 01:31:12,200
He settled permanently in Paris,
moving into the Battle of war in

1618
01:31:12,200 --> 01:31:15,700
Monmouth a ramshackle building, 
where a community of artists 

1619
01:31:15,700 --> 01:31:18,000
lived in overlapping poverty and
neutral support. 

1620
01:31:18,800 --> 01:31:21,400
He met Fernando Olivier, who 
became His companion? 

1621
01:31:22,200 --> 01:31:24,500
The depression that had 
organized the previous three 

1622
01:31:24,500 --> 01:31:26,800
years began not to lift. 
Exactly. 

1623
01:31:26,800 --> 01:31:31,200
But to shift the way, whether 
shifts the same sky, but a 

1624
01:31:31,200 --> 01:31:34,100
different quality of light, the 
paintings changed color. 

1625
01:31:34,100 --> 01:31:37,700
The blue period has a strange 
relationship to its own Fame. 

1626
01:31:37,700 --> 01:31:40,600
Picasso struggled to sell these 
works for years. 

1627
01:31:40,600 --> 01:31:42,500
They were not what the market 
wanted. 

1628
01:31:42,500 --> 01:31:45,100
They were not what critics had 
learned to praise. 

1629
01:31:45,100 --> 01:31:48,600
They came out of grief and 
poverty and a sustained 

1630
01:31:48,600 --> 01:31:50,800
attention to the people that 
Prosperity tends. 

1631
01:31:50,800 --> 01:31:54,200
Not to look at directly now. 
They are worth fortunes and 

1632
01:31:54,200 --> 01:31:56,600
hanging in the world's best 
museums and are printed on 

1633
01:31:56,600 --> 01:32:01,100
coffee mugs, Picasso himself who
lived to see all of this said, 

1634
01:32:01,100 --> 01:32:03,300
almost nothing about what the 
period had meant to him. 

1635
01:32:03,300 --> 01:32:06,300
He had said what he needed to 
say in the paintings, the 

1636
01:32:06,300 --> 01:32:10,000
paintings are still saying it. 
The rose period arrived the way,

1637
01:32:10,000 --> 01:32:12,800
the blue period had arrived 
gradually, and without 

1638
01:32:12,800 --> 01:32:15,800
announcement. 
Palette warming as Picasso 

1639
01:32:15,800 --> 01:32:19,100
circumstances change, and the 
depression that had organized, 

1640
01:32:19,100 --> 01:32:20,800
the previous three years began 
to shift. 

1641
01:32:21,700 --> 01:32:24,900
By 1904, he had settled 
permanently in the Battle of 

1642
01:32:24,900 --> 01:32:28,600
ramshackle building in Monmouth 
and housed a community of 

1643
01:32:28,600 --> 01:32:31,200
artists in overlapping poverty 
and mutual company. 

1644
01:32:31,800 --> 01:32:34,600
Fernando Olivier arrived in his 
life and became His companion 

1645
01:32:34,600 --> 01:32:37,300
and the subjects of his 
paintings change with her 

1646
01:32:37,300 --> 01:32:40,900
presence, the emaciated Beggars,
giving way to acrobats and 

1647
01:32:40,908 --> 01:32:44,300
circus performers, the cold blue
replaced by Earth Tones, and 

1648
01:32:44,300 --> 01:32:47,000
rows and the particular warm 
gray of a Paris afternoon. 

1649
01:32:47,800 --> 01:32:51,200
He was painting the world as a 
place worth inhabiting rather 

1650
01:32:51,200 --> 01:32:53,600
than a place worth documenting 
at its margins. 

1651
01:32:53,600 --> 01:32:57,600
He was also looking at things. 
Very carefully, Suzanne died in 

1652
01:32:57,600 --> 01:33:01,000
October of 1906 and was honored 
the following year with a major 

1653
01:33:01,008 --> 01:33:04,800
retrospective at the salon. 
Picasso studied it with the 

1654
01:33:04,808 --> 01:33:06,400
attention, he brought to 
everything. 

1655
01:33:06,400 --> 01:33:09,800
He wanted to understand which 
was total and patient and 

1656
01:33:09,800 --> 01:33:13,600
ultimately transformative. 
What Suzanne had been doing with

1657
01:33:13,600 --> 01:33:15,700
form? 
The way he had broken apart the 

1658
01:33:15,700 --> 01:33:18,400
convention that a painting 
should show you an object from a

1659
01:33:18,400 --> 01:33:21,700
single fixed point of view. 
The way he had allowed multiple 

1660
01:33:21,700 --> 01:33:23,900
angles and multiple moments to 
coexist. 

1661
01:33:23,900 --> 01:33:27,600
In a single image was something 
Picasso recognized as a door and

1662
01:33:27,600 --> 01:33:29,900
walked through. 
He was also looking at the 

1663
01:33:29,900 --> 01:33:33,200
ancient Iberian sculptures on 
display in the Louvre recently. 

1664
01:33:33,200 --> 01:33:36,900
Excavated from sooner in Spain, 
their faces, simplified and 

1665
01:33:36,900 --> 01:33:39,200
archaic. 
The features reduced to a 

1666
01:33:39,200 --> 01:33:42,300
central forms with an authority 
that had nothing to do with the 

1667
01:33:42,300 --> 01:33:45,400
academic tradition. 
He had been trained in He 

1668
01:33:45,400 --> 01:33:47,800
started incorporating. 
What he saw in these phases into

1669
01:33:47,800 --> 01:33:50,300
his own figures. 
The three Central women in the 

1670
01:33:50,308 --> 01:33:52,900
painting that was building in 
his Studio across the first half

1671
01:33:52,900 --> 01:33:56,100
of 1907, o their faces to these 
sculptures. 

1672
01:33:56,100 --> 01:33:59,400
The other two women are 
something else entirely in the 

1673
01:33:59,400 --> 01:34:03,700
spring or early summer of 1907. 
Paso visited, the ethnographic 

1674
01:34:03,700 --> 01:34:07,500
museum at the Paleo Trocadero. 
In Paris, he described the 

1675
01:34:07,500 --> 01:34:11,000
experience, himself years later 
to the writer Andre Melrose. 

1676
01:34:11,900 --> 01:34:15,500
The smell reached him first. 
He said, mold and rot and the 

1677
01:34:15,500 --> 01:34:18,600
flea market quality of a place 
that housed objects brought from

1678
01:34:18,600 --> 01:34:21,000
very far away. 
By people who did not understand

1679
01:34:21,000 --> 01:34:23,600
what they were handling. 
He wanted to leave. 

1680
01:34:24,500 --> 01:34:27,500
Stayed The Masks. 
He said, were not like any other

1681
01:34:27,500 --> 01:34:31,200
piece of sculpture, not at all. 
They were magic things. 

1682
01:34:31,200 --> 01:34:34,800
They were against everything. 
He said against unknown, 

1683
01:34:34,800 --> 01:34:38,000
threatening spirits, He 
understood what they were for 

1684
01:34:38,000 --> 01:34:40,800
what they were doing. 
He understood standing there 

1685
01:34:40,800 --> 01:34:43,500
alone in that awful Museum. 
Why he was a painter. 

1686
01:34:43,500 --> 01:34:46,600
He went back to his studio and 
changed, two of the faces in the

1687
01:34:46,608 --> 01:34:48,100
painting. 
He had been working on for 

1688
01:34:48,100 --> 01:34:50,800
months. 
The painting was called at that 

1689
01:34:50,800 --> 01:34:54,600
point Le bordel de vigne, the 
brothel of Avignon a reference, 

1690
01:34:54,600 --> 01:34:57,500
to the carried, a bingo in 
Barcelona, where Picasso had 

1691
01:34:57,500 --> 01:34:59,800
spent time. 
As a young man later, it would 

1692
01:34:59,800 --> 01:35:02,700
be given a more polite name. 
It shows five nude women, 

1693
01:35:02,700 --> 01:35:06,600
confrontational staring directly
out of the canvas at whoever is 

1694
01:35:06,600 --> 01:35:09,200
looking at them. 
The conventional passivity of 

1695
01:35:09,200 --> 01:35:12,600
the female nude entirely 
abandoned the three on the left 

1696
01:35:12,600 --> 01:35:16,400
Have Faces, derived from Iberian
sculpture, simplified and flat 

1697
01:35:16,400 --> 01:35:19,500
the two on the right have faces 
that were changed after the 

1698
01:35:19,500 --> 01:35:24,000
Trocadero visit angular, and 
fractured wearing something very

1699
01:35:24,000 --> 01:35:27,700
close to African masks, the 
planes of the face, broken apart

1700
01:35:27,700 --> 01:35:31,000
and reassembled in a way that is
simultaneously familiar and 

1701
01:35:31,000 --> 01:35:34,000
wrong or rather Wrong by the 
standards of what western 

1702
01:35:34,000 --> 01:35:37,200
painting had been doing with 
faces for several centuries and 

1703
01:35:37,200 --> 01:35:39,600
right by some other standard 
that the painting was in the 

1704
01:35:39,600 --> 01:35:43,800
process of establishing X-ray 
analysis of the canvas has 

1705
01:35:43,800 --> 01:35:46,100
confirmed what this looked like 
before the changes. 

1706
01:35:47,000 --> 01:35:49,900
Originally all five figures 
shared similar facial features, 

1707
01:35:49,900 --> 01:35:53,600
the same almond eyes and 
simplified profile that 

1708
01:35:53,600 --> 01:35:55,400
characterized the Iberian 
influence. 

1709
01:35:56,300 --> 01:35:58,800
The chocolate daro visit 
produced the rupture that split 

1710
01:35:58,800 --> 01:36:01,500
the painting in two, the left 
side and the right side 

1711
01:36:01,500 --> 01:36:05,100
operating by different visual 
Logics the whole canvas held 

1712
01:36:05,100 --> 01:36:08,000
together by the confrontational,
directness of the women's gaze. 

1713
01:36:08,000 --> 01:36:11,600
Rather than by any conventional 
compositional, Unity Picasso had

1714
01:36:11,600 --> 01:36:14,700
created hundreds of Preparatory,
sketches, and studies across the

1715
01:36:14,700 --> 01:36:17,600
previous, nine months. 
The early versions of the 

1716
01:36:17,608 --> 01:36:20,800
composition included a male 
figure on the left, a medical 

1717
01:36:20,800 --> 01:36:24,000
student entering the brothel 
holding a skull, a narrative 

1718
01:36:24,000 --> 01:36:25,700
element. 
He eventually removed because 

1719
01:36:25,700 --> 01:36:28,400
the story implied would have 
contained the image rather than 

1720
01:36:28,400 --> 01:36:31,200
releasing it. 
He also removed a sailor on the 

1721
01:36:31,208 --> 01:36:35,000
right. what remained when both 
men were gone was pure 

1722
01:36:35,000 --> 01:36:38,700
confrontation, five, women, and 
whoever was looking at the 

1723
01:36:38,700 --> 01:36:41,500
nothing between the image and 
the viewer to absorb all 

1724
01:36:41,508 --> 01:36:45,100
mediate, the encounter The 
paintings immediate reception 

1725
01:36:45,100 --> 01:36:49,000
was damaging Picasso showed it 
to his circle at the Battle of 

1726
01:36:49,000 --> 01:36:51,400
war and they did not know what 
to do with it. 

1727
01:36:52,300 --> 01:36:55,000
Georges Braque who would become 
his closest collaborator within 

1728
01:36:55,000 --> 01:36:58,100
a year set at first viewing that
it was like eating rope or 

1729
01:36:58,100 --> 01:37:00,500
drinking petroleum. 
Arie Matisse. 

1730
01:37:00,500 --> 01:37:04,200
His great rival was a pulled, 
the poet guiller who was among 

1731
01:37:04,200 --> 01:37:06,300
Picasso's. 
Most devoted supporters was 

1732
01:37:06,300 --> 01:37:09,700
shaking the dealer. 
Daniel Henry, Khan, Weiler, who 

1733
01:37:09,700 --> 01:37:13,600
visited the studio in July, of 
1907 and saw the canvas was at a

1734
01:37:13,600 --> 01:37:15,400
loss. 
The painting did not go on 

1735
01:37:15,400 --> 01:37:19,400
public display until 1916. 
In the Years between its 

1736
01:37:19,400 --> 01:37:21,600
completion. 
And its first public exhibition,

1737
01:37:21,600 --> 01:37:25,700
the castle kept, it rolled up in
his Studio. what the painting 

1738
01:37:25,700 --> 01:37:28,100
had done to him and what it 
would eventually do to the 

1739
01:37:28,100 --> 01:37:31,200
history of painting, was not 
immediately legal to anyone 

1740
01:37:31,200 --> 01:37:36,300
standing in front of it in 1907,
including Picasso himself, He 

1741
01:37:36,300 --> 01:37:39,200
had produced something that did 
not fit any existing category 

1742
01:37:39,200 --> 01:37:42,400
that had broken the expectation 
of what a painting was supposed 

1743
01:37:42,400 --> 01:37:45,500
to do when it depicted a human 
figure that had made the 

1744
01:37:45,500 --> 01:37:48,600
question of how to show a body 
in space into an open problem 

1745
01:37:48,600 --> 01:37:50,200
rather than a settled 
convention. 

1746
01:37:51,500 --> 01:37:54,300
The problem once opened could 
not be closed. 

1747
01:37:54,300 --> 01:37:56,500
The collaboration with BRAC that
began. 

1748
01:37:56,500 --> 01:37:58,500
Almost immediately after LED 
them Rozelle. 

1749
01:37:58,500 --> 01:38:01,500
The two men working in such 
proximity that they sometimes 

1750
01:38:01,500 --> 01:38:04,700
could not tell which paintings 
were whose would push that open 

1751
01:38:04,700 --> 01:38:07,900
problem into what became cubism 
and cubism would change. 

1752
01:38:07,900 --> 01:38:09,900
What painting was allowed to 
attempt for the rest of the 

1753
01:38:09,900 --> 01:38:12,100
century, but that is the next 
chapter. 

1754
01:38:13,000 --> 01:38:17,700
At this moment in 1907, there is
only the canvas still damp too 

1755
01:38:17,700 --> 01:38:20,700
large to hang his easily in the 
studio showing five women who 

1756
01:38:20,700 --> 01:38:23,400
will not look away from you. 
Their faces assembled from 

1757
01:38:23,400 --> 01:38:26,900
Iberian Stone and African wood 
and Picasso's own particular, 

1758
01:38:26,900 --> 01:38:29,500
way of refusing, to show you 
things the way you expect them 

1759
01:38:29,500 --> 01:38:31,300
to look. 
He understood. 

1760
01:38:31,300 --> 01:38:35,400
He said, later that, it was his 
first exorcism painting he had 

1761
01:38:35,408 --> 01:38:38,600
given formed to the spirits, he 
had become independent of them. 

1762
01:38:38,600 --> 01:38:41,200
The question that laid was Al 
had opened was this. 

1763
01:38:42,300 --> 01:38:44,900
For painting, does not have to 
show you what a thing looks like

1764
01:38:44,900 --> 01:38:48,200
from a fixed point of view. 
Then what is it allowed to do in

1765
01:38:48,200 --> 01:38:51,300
Stead? 
Picasso did not have the answer 

1766
01:38:51,300 --> 01:38:53,400
when he finished the painting in
1907. 

1767
01:38:53,400 --> 01:38:56,000
He had the question, which is a 
different thing. 

1768
01:38:56,000 --> 01:38:58,800
And in some respects a more 
valuable one, the question 

1769
01:38:58,800 --> 01:39:01,800
needed, another person to help 
develop it and that person 

1770
01:39:01,800 --> 01:39:05,600
arrived in November of 1907. 
When the poet guiller, Pauline 

1771
01:39:05,600 --> 01:39:08,000
arranged a meeting between 
Picasso and a young French 

1772
01:39:08,000 --> 01:39:12,000
painter named Georges Braque 
Brach had already seen Les 

1773
01:39:12,000 --> 01:39:13,800
demoiselle and his initial 
response. 

1774
01:39:13,800 --> 01:39:17,100
Had been the rope and petroleum.
Remark the opinion that the 

1775
01:39:17,100 --> 01:39:19,700
painting was as unwelcome to him
as eating rough fibroid, 

1776
01:39:19,700 --> 01:39:22,200
drinking kerosene. 
But it haunted him, through the 

1777
01:39:22,200 --> 01:39:27,400
winter, of 1907 and into 1908. 
And the way that genuinely new 

1778
01:39:27,400 --> 01:39:30,300
things, haunt the people who are
capable of understanding them, 

1779
01:39:30,300 --> 01:39:34,200
not pleasantly, and not easily 
and not with any immediate sense

1780
01:39:34,200 --> 01:39:37,700
of what to do about it. 
He went South to list stack 

1781
01:39:37,700 --> 01:39:41,100
where Cesar had worked and spent
the summer shedding the colors 

1782
01:39:41,100 --> 01:39:44,700
of fauvism and working through 
the structural problems that the

1783
01:39:44,700 --> 01:39:47,700
older painter had left 
unresolved and that Picasso had 

1784
01:39:47,700 --> 01:39:51,700
now ripped wide open. 
When he came back to Paris, he 

1785
01:39:51,700 --> 01:39:54,100
came back with paintings that 
were doing something Picasso 

1786
01:39:54,100 --> 01:39:57,800
recognized. the collaboration 
began almost immediately after 

1787
01:39:58,700 --> 01:40:01,700
almost every evening. 
Picasso said later either, he 

1788
01:40:01,700 --> 01:40:03,900
went to brexit Studio or Brett 
came to his. 

1789
01:40:03,900 --> 01:40:06,200
Each of us had to see what the 
other had done. 

1790
01:40:06,200 --> 01:40:09,900
During the day the statement 
which Picasso made in a late 

1791
01:40:09,900 --> 01:40:11,300
interview. 
Sounds almost a domestic. 

1792
01:40:11,300 --> 01:40:14,100
In its Rhythm, the two painters,
checking in with each other 

1793
01:40:14,100 --> 01:40:16,800
daily, like collie's running a 
project together which is 

1794
01:40:16,800 --> 01:40:20,600
precisely what they were. 
The project was the reinvention 

1795
01:40:20,600 --> 01:40:24,400
of what a painting, could be 
conducted in the studios of two 

1796
01:40:24,400 --> 01:40:27,400
men who were temperamentally 
almost opposite, Picasso 

1797
01:40:27,400 --> 01:40:31,000
intuitive, and bold and 
Restless, Brach methodical and 

1798
01:40:31,000 --> 01:40:33,200
reserved and committed to 
structural precision. 

1799
01:40:33,200 --> 01:40:36,200
And whose differences turned out
to be exactly what the project 

1800
01:40:36,200 --> 01:40:39,100
required Braxton. 
Description of the collaboration

1801
01:40:39,100 --> 01:40:41,600
was that they were like two 
Mountaineers roped together. 

1802
01:40:42,400 --> 01:40:46,200
What they were building across 
the years from 1908 to 1914, 

1803
01:40:46,200 --> 01:40:51,000
came to be called cubism The 
name was coined accidentally by 

1804
01:40:51,000 --> 01:40:54,500
a French art critic named Louisa
sale who described Brax 

1805
01:40:54,500 --> 01:40:57,900
landscape paintings of lestock 
as reducing everything to little

1806
01:40:57,900 --> 01:41:00,700
cubes. 
Bizarre Cube beaks, he wrote 

1807
01:41:00,700 --> 01:41:04,700
geometrical peculiarities, he 
mentored as a dismissal. 

1808
01:41:05,400 --> 01:41:08,300
The artist used the word as a 
handle and the handle stuck, 

1809
01:41:08,300 --> 01:41:10,300
which is how many of the most 
important movements in our 

1810
01:41:10,300 --> 01:41:13,300
history of their names from 
someone who thought they were 

1811
01:41:13,300 --> 01:41:16,400
insulting the work. 
The word does not quite 

1812
01:41:16,400 --> 01:41:19,300
described what the work was 
doing, but it points at it. 

1813
01:41:20,300 --> 01:41:24,100
What cubism actually did was 
refused the convention that a 

1814
01:41:24,100 --> 01:41:27,400
painting occupies, a single 
moment in time from a single 

1815
01:41:27,400 --> 01:41:31,900
fixed point in space. 
The academic tradition and the 

1816
01:41:31,900 --> 01:41:34,400
entire history of Western 
painting from the Renaissance 

1817
01:41:34,400 --> 01:41:38,600
forward had built itself on 
single-point perspective, the 

1818
01:41:38,600 --> 01:41:41,300
mathematical system that 
produces the illusion of depth 

1819
01:41:41,300 --> 01:41:44,800
on a flat surface by arranging 
everything in relation to a 

1820
01:41:44,800 --> 01:41:48,300
single vanishing point. 
It is a powerful system and it 

1821
01:41:48,300 --> 01:41:52,100
produces beautiful work. 
It also requires a lie. 

1822
01:41:52,100 --> 01:41:55,200
The lie that the viewer is 
stationary that the world is 

1823
01:41:55,200 --> 01:41:58,700
Frozen that, the object being 
depicted exists in one moment 

1824
01:41:58,700 --> 01:42:01,900
from one angle, Suzanne had 
begun to question this with out 

1825
01:42:01,900 --> 01:42:05,900
quite abandoning it, Caso and 
Brack, abandoned it in the 

1826
01:42:05,900 --> 01:42:09,200
painting of what came to be 
called analytic cubism, which 

1827
01:42:09,200 --> 01:42:11,800
developed from roughly 1909 
through 1912. 

1828
01:42:12,700 --> 01:42:15,000
A figure or an object is shown 
from multiple angles 

1829
01:42:15,000 --> 01:42:18,400
simultaneously, the front and 
the side and sometimes the back 

1830
01:42:18,400 --> 01:42:21,600
will present in the same image 
assembled in to a composition 

1831
01:42:21,600 --> 01:42:24,000
that is recognizable without 
being illusionistic. 

1832
01:42:25,200 --> 01:42:28,500
A guitar becomes a collection of
planes and curves that represent

1833
01:42:28,500 --> 01:42:31,300
the guitar from every angle at 
once, rather than from one. 

1834
01:42:31,300 --> 01:42:34,900
A woman's face shows you the 
profile and the frontal view in 

1835
01:42:34,900 --> 01:42:38,800
the same head, both truths 
present simultaneously, rather 

1836
01:42:38,800 --> 01:42:41,100
than forced to choose the 
palate. 

1837
01:42:41,100 --> 01:42:44,100
During the phase Narrows to 
graze and Browns and oakers. 

1838
01:42:44,100 --> 01:42:47,200
The color deliberately reduced 
so that the structural question 

1839
01:42:47,200 --> 01:42:50,600
stays Central, the investigation
of form kept clear of the 

1840
01:42:50,600 --> 01:42:54,100
destruction of chromatic Beauty.
The subject matter of analytic 

1841
01:42:54,100 --> 01:42:56,800
cubism is modest almost to the 
point of Comedy. 

1842
01:42:57,400 --> 01:43:03,100
Guitars bottles newspapers, a 
pipe, a glass musical 

1843
01:43:03,100 --> 01:43:07,000
instruments of various kinds the
things that sit on tables in 

1844
01:43:07,000 --> 01:43:10,800
studios and cafes the furniture 
of a working artist, daily life.

1845
01:43:10,800 --> 01:43:13,900
Chosen not for symbolic weight. 
But because they were present, 

1846
01:43:13,900 --> 01:43:16,400
and because their forms were 
complex enough to be 

1847
01:43:16,400 --> 01:43:19,700
interesting, and simple enough, 
not to overwhelm the formal 

1848
01:43:19,700 --> 01:43:24,300
investigation, Greg, whose 
father had been a house painter 

1849
01:43:24,300 --> 01:43:26,300
and who had grown up 
understanding the relationship 

1850
01:43:26,300 --> 01:43:29,600
between pattern and surface 
introduced techniques from that 

1851
01:43:29,600 --> 01:43:33,300
tradition into the Fine Art 
context stenciled letters. 

1852
01:43:33,300 --> 01:43:37,100
Faux wood grain, the deliberate 
flattening of Illusion that 

1853
01:43:37,100 --> 01:43:40,900
house painting requires Picasso 
who had always been interested 

1854
01:43:40,900 --> 01:43:43,500
in everything that could be done
with a flat surface 

1855
01:43:43,500 --> 01:43:46,300
Incorporated, these techniques, 
and pushed them further. 

1856
01:43:47,400 --> 01:43:51,500
In 1912, they invented collage 
Picasso pasted a piece of oil 

1857
01:43:51,500 --> 01:43:54,800
cloth printed with a chair 
caning pattern onto a canvas and

1858
01:43:54,800 --> 01:43:57,600
Drew around it. 
Producing a work called still 

1859
01:43:57,600 --> 01:44:00,700
life with chair caning. 
That incorporated, an actual 

1860
01:44:00,700 --> 01:44:02,400
non-art material into the 
painting. 

1861
01:44:02,400 --> 01:44:05,800
A piece of the real world used, 
as representation, rather than 

1862
01:44:05,800 --> 01:44:08,000
representation standing in for 
the real world. 

1863
01:44:09,100 --> 01:44:12,900
Brock working in parallel, 
introduced papier colle pasted 

1864
01:44:12,900 --> 01:44:16,200
paper, gluing fragments of 
newspaper and wallpaper into 

1865
01:44:16,200 --> 01:44:18,400
compositions alongside drawn and
painted elements. 

1866
01:44:18,400 --> 01:44:23,200
The result was synthetic cubism 
which ran from roughly 1912 to 

1867
01:44:23,200 --> 01:44:28,000
1914 and which reversed the 
logic of analytic cubism where 

1868
01:44:28,000 --> 01:44:30,700
analytic cubism had broken 
objects into their component 

1869
01:44:30,700 --> 01:44:33,300
planes. 
Synthetic cubism assembled those

1870
01:44:33,300 --> 01:44:36,800
planes into new constructions, 
building a guitar or a figure 

1871
01:44:36,800 --> 01:44:40,300
from geometric fragments rather 
than analyzing an existing one. 

1872
01:44:40,300 --> 01:44:43,000
Down to its geometry. 
The collaboration during these 

1873
01:44:43,000 --> 01:44:46,000
years was so close. 
That even experts, looking at 

1874
01:44:46,000 --> 01:44:48,900
the unsigned paintings from the 
period sometimes cannot 

1875
01:44:48,900 --> 01:44:51,000
determine which of the two men 
made which work. 

1876
01:44:51,900 --> 01:44:53,800
The castle and Brack, 
occasionally signed their 

1877
01:44:53,800 --> 01:44:55,800
paintings. 
Only with initials or not. 

1878
01:44:55,808 --> 01:44:58,800
At all treating, the work as 
genuinely joint rather than 

1879
01:44:58,800 --> 01:45:02,400
individually attributed. 
This was unusual to the point of

1880
01:45:02,400 --> 01:45:05,800
being unprecedented in the 
history of art, two painters of 

1881
01:45:05,800 --> 01:45:09,200
comparable ambition, voluntarily
merging their output to the 

1882
01:45:09,208 --> 01:45:11,100
degree that authorship became 
uncertain. 

1883
01:45:11,900 --> 01:45:14,400
Art historians have spent 
decades trying to establish 

1884
01:45:14,400 --> 01:45:17,300
precise. 
Chronologies debating which idea

1885
01:45:17,300 --> 01:45:20,400
came from whom and when and have
acknowledged that the 

1886
01:45:20,400 --> 01:45:23,600
conversation was so continuous. 
And so reciprocal, that the 

1887
01:45:23,600 --> 01:45:27,000
question may be unanswerable 
outside their immediate circle 

1888
01:45:27,000 --> 01:45:30,500
cubism was initially confusing. 
And then influential in 

1889
01:45:30,500 --> 01:45:33,300
approximately the way that all 
genuinely new things are 

1890
01:45:33,300 --> 01:45:36,500
confusing, and then influential 
with the confusing part lasting 

1891
01:45:36,500 --> 01:45:39,700
longer and the influential part 
being larger than anyone 

1892
01:45:39,700 --> 01:45:42,900
involved anticipated. 
Other painters came to it and 

1893
01:45:42,900 --> 01:45:46,500
developed their own versions. 
One, Greece, Fernandez, 

1894
01:45:46,500 --> 01:45:50,800
Jeanette, singer Francis working
in Paris. 

1895
01:45:50,800 --> 01:45:54,100
In the years before the war, 
each took the formal discoveries

1896
01:45:54,100 --> 01:45:57,000
of Picasso and Braque and 
applied them to their own 

1897
01:45:57,000 --> 01:46:01,200
conscience and sensibilities. 
Unlike Picasso and Braque who 

1898
01:46:01,200 --> 01:46:04,700
refused to exhibit their Cubist 
Works publicly through most of 

1899
01:46:04,700 --> 01:46:07,700
the collaboration these painters
show their work at the major 

1900
01:46:07,700 --> 01:46:11,400
Paris salons and it was through 
them at cubism became visible to

1901
01:46:11,400 --> 01:46:14,400
the broader public, and to 
critics, and to artists in other

1902
01:46:14,400 --> 01:46:17,500
countries who had not been in 
the Studio's of the battle of 

1903
01:46:17,500 --> 01:46:22,600
War, then, August of 1914, 
arrived, Picasso saw Brock and 

1904
01:46:22,600 --> 01:46:24,600
their friend. 
Ondrej, Dwayne off at the train 

1905
01:46:24,600 --> 01:46:26,800
station in Avignon as they left 
for military service. 

1906
01:46:26,800 --> 01:46:28,900
Rock later recalled. 
The moment. 

1907
01:46:29,800 --> 01:46:32,600
Picasso recalled it, too saying 
that after seeing Brock off that

1908
01:46:32,608 --> 01:46:35,608
day, he never saw him again. 
Meaning that The Brak of the 

1909
01:46:35,616 --> 01:46:38,500
collaboration, the brat who had 
been his other half, in the most

1910
01:46:38,500 --> 01:46:42,100
intense creative partnership in 
the history of Modern Art was 

1911
01:46:42,100 --> 01:46:44,100
gone. 
Even if the man himself survived

1912
01:46:44,100 --> 01:46:47,300
the war Rock was wounded at the 
front and did not paint again 

1913
01:46:47,300 --> 01:46:50,200
until 1917. 
The partnership that had 

1914
01:46:50,200 --> 01:46:53,200
produced cubism was over Picasso
Spanish. 

1915
01:46:53,200 --> 01:46:56,700
And therefore, not conscripted 
stayed in Paris, he continued to

1916
01:46:56,700 --> 01:46:58,800
work, he always continued to 
work. 

1917
01:47:00,300 --> 01:47:03,100
But the particular quality of 
those six years, the daily 

1918
01:47:03,100 --> 01:47:06,500
Studio visits, the constant 
conversation conducted through 

1919
01:47:06,500 --> 01:47:09,000
canvas. 
The two Mountaineers roped 

1920
01:47:09,000 --> 01:47:12,000
together on a face that no one 
had climbed before was finished.

1921
01:47:12,800 --> 01:47:15,900
It had lasted long enough to 
change what painting was in 

1922
01:47:15,900 --> 01:47:19,400
January of 1937, the Spanish 
Republican government approached

1923
01:47:19,400 --> 01:47:22,200
Picasso with a commission. 
They were building a pavilion 

1924
01:47:22,200 --> 01:47:25,500
for the Paris World's Fair that 
summer and they wanted a mural, 

1925
01:47:25,500 --> 01:47:29,000
something large and significant.
Something that would assert the 

1926
01:47:29,000 --> 01:47:32,000
legitimacy of the Republican 
International Event in the city.

1927
01:47:32,000 --> 01:47:36,000
The Picasso had lived from most 
of his adult life, the castle 

1928
01:47:36,000 --> 01:47:41,700
accepted Spain had been in Civil
War since July of 1936, when the

1929
01:47:41,708 --> 01:47:44,600
Nationalist General Francisco 
Franco had launched a military 

1930
01:47:44,600 --> 01:47:47,400
coup against the elected, 
Republican government and 

1931
01:47:47,400 --> 01:47:51,300
Picasso who had not been back to
his birthplace in years and who 

1932
01:47:51,300 --> 01:47:54,200
rarely mix politics in his art 
under stood. 

1933
01:47:54,200 --> 01:47:56,100
That this was not a moment to 
stay out of it. 

1934
01:47:56,900 --> 01:47:59,900
For three months, he stared at a
blank canvas and produced 

1935
01:47:59,900 --> 01:48:02,600
nothing. 
The commission had not given him

1936
01:48:02,600 --> 01:48:04,800
his subject. 
He had several preliminary 

1937
01:48:04,800 --> 01:48:08,000
ideas, none of them convincing, 
none of them, finding the 

1938
01:48:08,000 --> 01:48:11,600
particular quality of necessity 
that Picasso required before he 

1939
01:48:11,600 --> 01:48:13,800
could commit himself to a canvas
of this scale. 

1940
01:48:13,800 --> 01:48:16,100
His personal life was in 
turmoil. 

1941
01:48:16,100 --> 01:48:20,300
The Civil War was intensifying, 
he was working dispassionately 

1942
01:48:20,300 --> 01:48:22,500
on something. 
He did not yet believe in, which

1943
01:48:22,500 --> 01:48:24,900
was for Picasso, the worst 
possible working condition. 

1944
01:48:26,500 --> 01:48:31,400
Then, on the 26th of April 1937,
the German Condor Legion bombed 

1945
01:48:31,400 --> 01:48:33,100
Guernica. 
Town. 

1946
01:48:33,100 --> 01:48:36,300
Sat 10 kilometers from the front
lines in The Basque country in 

1947
01:48:36,300 --> 01:48:39,500
Northern Spain. 
A quiet, agricultural community.

1948
01:48:39,500 --> 01:48:42,600
That was all the ancient 
symbolic capital of The Basque 

1949
01:48:42,600 --> 01:48:45,600
people, the place where the 
traditional rights and Liberties

1950
01:48:45,600 --> 01:48:47,500
of the Basques were historically
centered. 

1951
01:48:47,500 --> 01:48:51,900
It was a market day Monday which
meant the Town Center was full 

1952
01:48:51,900 --> 01:48:54,500
of people. 
The German aircraft arrived in 

1953
01:48:54,508 --> 01:48:57,700
the afternoon and bombed for 
approximately two hours, they 

1954
01:48:57,700 --> 01:48:59,600
dropped high explosive first to 
break. 

1955
01:48:59,600 --> 01:49:02,600
The building's open, then 
incendiaries to burn, what was 

1956
01:49:02,600 --> 01:49:05,500
exposed. 
The nearest military Target a 

1957
01:49:05,500 --> 01:49:08,100
factory on the town's outskirts,
went through the attack on 

1958
01:49:08,100 --> 01:49:11,100
touched. 
What burned was the town? 

1959
01:49:12,400 --> 01:49:15,400
The journalist George steere. 
A correspondent for the times of

1960
01:49:15,400 --> 01:49:17,800
London was nearby and reached 
Guernica shortly after the 

1961
01:49:17,800 --> 01:49:20,900
bombing His account appeared, 
two days later on the front 

1962
01:49:20,900 --> 01:49:23,100
pages of the times and the New 
York Times. 

1963
01:49:23,100 --> 01:49:27,100
And then in the French paper, 
lumanity It described the 

1964
01:49:27,100 --> 01:49:29,800
deliberate destruction of an 
open civilian town with no 

1965
01:49:29,800 --> 01:49:33,300
significant military value, the 
bodies in the streets, the 

1966
01:49:33,300 --> 01:49:35,700
animals running through the 
rubble, the particular 

1967
01:49:35,700 --> 01:49:39,600
completeness of the destruction 
tile roofs and wooden porches 

1968
01:49:39,600 --> 01:49:41,400
burning long after the planes 
had left. 

1969
01:49:42,500 --> 01:49:44,700
Paso read the account in the 
newspaper, in Paris. 

1970
01:49:44,700 --> 01:49:47,100
He made his first sketch the 
next day. 

1971
01:49:47,100 --> 01:49:51,300
The first of May, he had found 
his subject, What followed 

1972
01:49:51,300 --> 01:49:54,800
across the next. 35 days is one 
of the most documented creative 

1973
01:49:54,800 --> 01:49:58,400
processes in the history of Art.
Because Picasso's companion and 

1974
01:49:58,400 --> 01:50:01,900
fellow artist Dora photograph, 
the canvas at multiple stages of

1975
01:50:01,900 --> 01:50:04,600
its development. 
Preserving a record of the 

1976
01:50:04,600 --> 01:50:07,000
painting's evolution from 
initial composition, through 

1977
01:50:07,000 --> 01:50:10,600
successive revisions. 
There are over 40 Preparatory, 

1978
01:50:10,600 --> 01:50:12,600
sketches and studies. 
In addition to Mars, 

1979
01:50:12,600 --> 01:50:16,200
photographs, the documentation 
shows a painting that changed 

1980
01:50:16,200 --> 01:50:19,700
substantially as it was made not
in its core emotional content, 

1981
01:50:19,700 --> 01:50:21,200
which was fixed from the first 
day. 

1982
01:50:21,200 --> 01:50:24,700
But in its compositional 
organization, the arrangement of

1983
01:50:24,700 --> 01:50:29,000
the bodies and the symbols and 
the spaces between them The 

1984
01:50:29,000 --> 01:50:32,400
canvas Picasso was working on 
was enormous three and a half 

1985
01:50:32,400 --> 01:50:35,800
meters tall and nearly 8 meters 
wide painted in his Studio on 

1986
01:50:35,800 --> 01:50:39,100
the Rudy Guan Augustana it 
required, scaffolding to reach 

1987
01:50:39,100 --> 01:50:41,800
the upper sections. 
He chose to work in gray and 

1988
01:50:41,800 --> 01:50:45,700
black and white stripping out 
all color a decision that gives 

1989
01:50:45,700 --> 01:50:47,500
the painting, the quality of a 
news. 

1990
01:50:47,500 --> 01:50:50,300
Photograph, the documentary 
authority of something that is 

1991
01:50:50,300 --> 01:50:52,100
reporting rather than 
interpreting. 

1992
01:50:53,000 --> 01:50:55,600
He also ordered house paint 
rather than artists paint 

1993
01:50:55,600 --> 01:51:00,100
specifying a matte finish 
minimum amount of gloss, so that

1994
01:51:00,100 --> 01:51:03,000
the surface would have no beauty
of material to distract from 

1995
01:51:03,000 --> 01:51:05,900
what it was saying. 
The painting that emerged shows 

1996
01:51:05,900 --> 01:51:07,600
a collection of figures in 
extremists. 

1997
01:51:08,300 --> 01:51:11,600
A wounded, horse occupies the 
center, its mouth open in a 

1998
01:51:11,600 --> 01:51:14,300
scream. 
Stumbling over, a fallen soldier

1999
01:51:14,300 --> 01:51:18,500
below it, a bull stand on the 
left facing away from the chaos 

2000
01:51:18,500 --> 01:51:22,500
intact, where everything else is
breaking, A woman with a dead 

2001
01:51:22,500 --> 01:51:24,500
infant holds the child up in a 
gesture. 

2002
01:51:24,500 --> 01:51:27,200
That is simultaneously a 
cradling and a presentation. 

2003
01:51:27,200 --> 01:51:31,900
A face torn opening in grief. 
Another woman drags a wounded 

2004
01:51:31,900 --> 01:51:35,200
leg across the bottom of the 
canvas, another lean's from a 

2005
01:51:35,200 --> 01:51:38,500
window holding an oil lamp in to
the scene, a dismembered Soldier

2006
01:51:38,500 --> 01:51:40,900
lies on the ground. 
A broken sword in his hand 

2007
01:51:40,900 --> 01:51:44,700
beside a flower. 
Flames rise on the right side, a

2008
01:51:44,700 --> 01:51:46,900
light bulb shaped like an eye. 
Hangs at the top of the 

2009
01:51:46,908 --> 01:51:50,200
composition, it spiked rays and 
mechanical parody of 

2010
01:51:50,208 --> 01:51:53,000
Illumination. 
The symbols have been argued 

2011
01:51:53,000 --> 01:51:56,800
over ever since the Horse 
Picasso said, represented the 

2012
01:51:56,800 --> 01:52:01,200
people the bull represented 
brutality and darkness the lamp 

2013
01:52:01,200 --> 01:52:04,300
held by the woman in the window,
was the lamp of Truth or the 

2014
01:52:04,308 --> 01:52:07,600
lamp of the Republic. 
The Broken Sword was resistance 

2015
01:52:07,600 --> 01:52:09,600
that had not surrendered despite
being broken. 

2016
01:52:10,400 --> 01:52:13,300
The baby in the mums arms did 
not need explaining to anyone 

2017
01:52:13,300 --> 01:52:16,800
who looked at it. 
The castle added at various 

2018
01:52:16,800 --> 01:52:20,600
points that the painting meant 
exactly what it showed no more 

2019
01:52:20,600 --> 01:52:23,800
and no less, which is the kind 
of statement artists make. 

2020
01:52:23,800 --> 01:52:27,000
When they have been asked, one 
too many times to reduce their 

2021
01:52:27,000 --> 01:52:30,100
work to a caption. 
The photographs Dora took during

2022
01:52:30,100 --> 01:52:36,300
the 352nd question, which is how
to contain this level of 

2023
01:52:36,308 --> 01:52:39,700
suffering in an organized image 
without reducing it without 

2024
01:52:39,700 --> 01:52:42,800
making it bearable to look at 
without allowing the view of the

2025
01:52:42,800 --> 01:52:46,500
comfort of aesthetic distance. 
The early stages, show the ball 

2026
01:52:46,500 --> 01:52:48,700
and the horse in different 
positions, different 

2027
01:52:48,700 --> 01:52:50,900
proportions, different 
relationships to each other. 

2028
01:52:51,700 --> 01:52:54,800
Arrays to fist appears in early 
sketches and disappears in the 

2029
01:52:54,800 --> 01:52:57,800
final version. 
Color appears in some studies 

2030
01:52:57,800 --> 01:53:01,300
and is stripped away again. 
The compositional logic shifts 

2031
01:53:01,300 --> 01:53:07,400
and settles and shifts again. 
On the 4th of June 1937, Picasso

2032
01:53:07,400 --> 01:53:10,300
declared it finished. 
It was exhibited at the Spanish 

2033
01:53:10,300 --> 01:53:13,900
Pavilion at the Paris, World's 
Fair beginning, in July placed 

2034
01:53:13,900 --> 01:53:16,400
near the entrance so that it was
among the first things visitors 

2035
01:53:16,400 --> 01:53:18,900
saw. 
The initial reception was mixed,

2036
01:53:18,900 --> 01:53:23,000
the painting was difficult, the 
composition dense, and fractured

2037
01:53:23,000 --> 01:53:25,900
the imagery not easily decoded 
by viewers who had not been 

2038
01:53:25,900 --> 01:53:28,300
given a key. 
It did not win the public 

2039
01:53:28,300 --> 01:53:31,600
immediately, it was not designed
to be immediate what it was 

2040
01:53:31,600 --> 01:53:35,300
designed to became clearer as 
the painting travel after the 

2041
01:53:35,300 --> 01:53:38,200
World's Fair at Toad and navy 
and England to raise awareness 

2042
01:53:38,200 --> 01:53:39,900
and funds for the Spanish 
Republic. 

2043
01:53:39,900 --> 01:53:45,000
In 1939, when the Republic fell 
to Frank's forces, Picasso 

2044
01:53:45,000 --> 01:53:47,100
refused to allow the painting to
go to Spain. 

2045
01:53:47,100 --> 01:53:50,300
He had said before the war was 
lost, that the painting would be

2046
01:53:50,300 --> 01:53:51,800
giving to the Spanish government
the day. 

2047
01:53:51,800 --> 01:53:55,200
The Republic was restored, and 
he held to this position with 

2048
01:53:55,200 --> 01:53:57,600
absolute consistency for the 
rest of his life. 

2049
01:53:58,400 --> 01:54:01,400
He loaned it in Stead to the 
Museum of Modern Art in New York

2050
01:54:01,400 --> 01:54:04,000
where it would remain for 42 
years. 

2051
01:54:05,300 --> 01:54:08,900
During World War 2, when Paris 
was under German occupation, a 

2052
01:54:08,900 --> 01:54:11,800
German officer visited 
Picasso's, apartment seeing a 

2053
01:54:11,800 --> 01:54:14,200
photograph of Guernica, the 
officer asked, whether Picasso 

2054
01:54:14,200 --> 01:54:16,600
had done that. 
Picasso answered that, he had 

2055
01:54:16,600 --> 01:54:18,200
not. 
You did. 

2056
01:54:18,200 --> 01:54:21,000
He said. 
The painting returned to Spain 

2057
01:54:21,000 --> 01:54:24,600
in 1981, six years after 
Franco's death and 8 years after

2058
01:54:24,600 --> 01:54:27,600
Picasso's in a Spain that had 
become a constitutional 

2059
01:54:27,600 --> 01:54:30,900
monarchy, rather than the 
Republic Picasso had insisted 

2060
01:54:30,900 --> 01:54:33,200
upon. 
It was displayed initially 

2061
01:54:33,200 --> 01:54:35,200
behind bulletproof glass at The 
Prado Museum. 

2062
01:54:35,200 --> 01:54:39,700
And then in 1992, it was moved 
to the Museo Reina, Sofia in 

2063
01:54:39,700 --> 01:54:43,400
Madrid where it now hangs, 
approximately 11,000. 

2064
01:54:43,400 --> 01:54:47,200
People visited every day, gonika
is three and a half meters tall 

2065
01:54:47,200 --> 01:54:51,700
and nearly 8 meters wide and it 
was painted in 35 days by 55 

2066
01:54:51,700 --> 01:54:55,000
year old man who had spent three
months unable to start it and 

2067
01:54:55,000 --> 01:54:58,500
found his subject in a newspaper
on the first of May 1937. 

2068
01:54:59,400 --> 01:55:03,800
It does not resolve, it does not
conclude the horses still 

2069
01:55:03,800 --> 01:55:05,900
screaming. 
And the mum is still holding the

2070
01:55:05,900 --> 01:55:09,400
child and the soldiers sword is 
still broken and the lightest 

2071
01:55:09,400 --> 01:55:12,900
still, the cold mechanical light
of the bulb rather than the warm

2072
01:55:12,900 --> 01:55:16,600
light of any son. 
It is the most visited painting 

2073
01:55:16,600 --> 01:55:18,800
in Madrid. 
It has been reproduced on 

2074
01:55:18,800 --> 01:55:21,700
protest banners in conflicts on 
every inhabited continent. 

2075
01:55:22,400 --> 01:55:26,300
It has been quoted referenced 
and adapted by artists working 

2076
01:55:26,300 --> 01:55:28,400
in every medium for nearly 90 
years. 

2077
01:55:28,400 --> 01:55:31,800
It has become the thing that 
Picasso most consistently 

2078
01:55:31,800 --> 01:55:35,900
resisted, which is a caption, a 
single image that stands for a 

2079
01:55:35,900 --> 01:55:38,000
single idea. 
He would have been annoyed by 

2080
01:55:38,008 --> 01:55:40,300
this, he also would have 
recognized it. 

2081
01:55:40,300 --> 01:55:43,400
A painting that people reach for
when they are trying to show. 

2082
01:55:43,400 --> 01:55:46,300
What war does to the bodies of 
civilians, is a painting that 

2083
01:55:46,300 --> 01:55:49,200
has done its work. 
On the evening of the 7th of 

2084
01:55:49,200 --> 01:55:53,300
April. 1973, Pablo Picasso had 
friends to dinner at his 

2085
01:55:53,300 --> 01:55:56,100
villains. 
A small town in the hills of 

2086
01:55:56,100 --> 01:55:59,900
cannon in the south of France, 
he was 91 years old after 

2087
01:55:59,900 --> 01:56:02,600
dinner, he went to a studio and 
painted until three in the 

2088
01:56:02,608 --> 01:56:04,500
morning. 
Then he went to bed. 

2089
01:56:05,400 --> 01:56:08,200
He woke at half past 11, the 
next morning and could not get 

2090
01:56:08,200 --> 01:56:10,800
up. 
He died before a doctor arrived 

2091
01:56:10,800 --> 01:56:16,300
of heart failure on the 8th of 
April 1973. he had painted, and 

2092
01:56:16,300 --> 01:56:19,700
until three in the morning on 
the last night of his life, This

2093
01:56:19,700 --> 01:56:24,400
is in some ways, the most 
Picasso Factor about Picasso, he

2094
01:56:24,400 --> 01:56:28,300
had said more than once and in 
more than one way, that he 

2095
01:56:28,300 --> 01:56:31,500
believed work would keep him 
alive that the act of making 

2096
01:56:31,500 --> 01:56:33,200
things. 
Was the thing that held him to 

2097
01:56:33,200 --> 01:56:36,200
the world He was superstitious 
about stopping. 

2098
01:56:36,200 --> 01:56:39,600
He had painted through grief and
poverty, and two, world wars, 

2099
01:56:39,600 --> 01:56:41,900
and the death of friends, and 
the collapse of relationships 

2100
01:56:41,900 --> 01:56:44,200
and stomach operations, and 
respiratory problems. 

2101
01:56:44,200 --> 01:56:47,700
And the ordinary deterioration 
of an extraordinary old age. 

2102
01:56:47,700 --> 01:56:50,500
He painted in the last year of 
his life with what his 

2103
01:56:50,500 --> 01:56:54,200
biographers described as frenzy 
a word that appears in multiple 

2104
01:56:54,200 --> 01:56:57,700
accounts of his final period. 
The same word that appears in 

2105
01:56:57,700 --> 01:57:00,600
accounts of the very beginning. 
The seven-year-old at his 

2106
01:57:00,600 --> 01:57:03,700
father's side, the boy who drew 
in stead of listening in school 

2107
01:57:03,700 --> 01:57:08,800
because the drawing could not be
stopped Between 1968 and 1972 

2108
01:57:08,800 --> 01:57:12,600
Picasso produced more than 100 
paintings and hundreds of 

2109
01:57:12,600 --> 01:57:15,400
Engravings. 
He was 87 years old, at the 

2110
01:57:15,408 --> 01:57:18,200
start of that period. 
The work of these final years is

2111
01:57:18,200 --> 01:57:21,600
not what most people picture. 
When they think of Picasso it is

2112
01:57:21,600 --> 01:57:24,900
late work in the fullest sense, 
the work of a man looking at 

2113
01:57:24,900 --> 01:57:28,100
mortality from inside it. 
Figurative and often a erotic 

2114
01:57:28,100 --> 01:57:31,100
and sometimes crude and 
sometimes Visionary, the style 

2115
01:57:31,100 --> 01:57:35,500
strip of almost everything, 
except the urgency in 1972 a 

2116
01:57:35,500 --> 01:57:37,800
year before his death, he 
produced a series of drawn 

2117
01:57:37,800 --> 01:57:41,100
self-portraits in which the face
is shown as something close to a

2118
01:57:41,100 --> 01:57:45,300
skull the eyes and Norma's and 
dark, the features reduced to 

2119
01:57:45,308 --> 01:57:48,600
their essential structure. 
He was looking at himself and 

2120
01:57:48,600 --> 01:57:50,100
seeing what was coming and 
drawing it. 

2121
01:57:50,100 --> 01:57:54,000
Anyway, he's buried at the 
Chateau of Naga near Exxon 

2122
01:57:54,000 --> 01:57:58,200
Provence a property. 
He had acquired in 1958 The 

2123
01:57:58,200 --> 01:58:01,500
Chateau sits overlooking the 
monsant, Victor the mountain 

2124
01:58:01,500 --> 01:58:05,200
that pulses on painted dozens of
times, and that Picasso had 

2125
01:58:05,200 --> 01:58:09,300
studied in the salon. 
Retrospective of 1907, the same 

2126
01:58:09,300 --> 01:58:12,200
retrospective that had pushed 
him toward what became cubism. 

2127
01:58:12,900 --> 01:58:14,900
He is buried. 
In other words in the sight line

2128
01:58:14,900 --> 01:58:16,400
of the mountain that belonged to
the man. 

2129
01:58:16,400 --> 01:58:19,200
He said was the father of the 
mall, this may have been 

2130
01:58:19,200 --> 01:58:21,400
intentional. 
It was certainly not accidental.

2131
01:58:21,400 --> 01:58:25,400
He left behind somewhere between
20,000 and 50,000 Works 

2132
01:58:25,400 --> 01:58:28,300
depending on how the counting is
done and which categories are 

2133
01:58:28,300 --> 01:58:31,100
included. 
Paintings drawings, sculptures 

2134
01:58:31,100 --> 01:58:36,400
Ceramics prints engraving stage,
designs Illustrated books, 

2135
01:58:36,400 --> 01:58:40,500
tapestry cartoons, and things 
that do not fit cleanly into any

2136
01:58:40,500 --> 01:58:44,000
of these categories. 
The range of medium is itself a 

2137
01:58:44,000 --> 01:58:46,300
statement. 
He worked in whatever was 

2138
01:58:46,300 --> 01:58:48,300
available. 
Whatever was interesting, 

2139
01:58:48,300 --> 01:58:50,200
whatever he had not yet 
exhausted. 

2140
01:58:51,200 --> 01:58:55,100
He learned Ceramics in his sixes
and produced more than 3,000 

2141
01:58:55,100 --> 01:58:58,100
ceramic Works. 
He made sculptures from bicycle 

2142
01:58:58,100 --> 01:59:01,600
handlebars and Saddles, from 
cardboard and wire and string 

2143
01:59:01,600 --> 01:59:04,500
and wood from whatever was in 
the studio and could be made to 

2144
01:59:04,500 --> 01:59:07,000
hold a form. 
Scarcity of conventional 

2145
01:59:07,000 --> 01:59:09,600
material was never an obstacle, 
because he did not Define 

2146
01:59:09,600 --> 01:59:14,000
material conventionally. 
His career spanned more than 76 

2147
01:59:14,000 --> 01:59:17,800
years when he was born, the 
Impressionists were still the 

2148
01:59:17,800 --> 01:59:21,700
radical edge of painting when he
died abstract expressionism and 

2149
01:59:21,700 --> 01:59:23,700
pop art and minimalism had all 
come and gone. 

2150
01:59:24,400 --> 01:59:26,700
He had outlived, most of the 
movements that had positioned 

2151
01:59:26,700 --> 01:59:29,800
themselves against him or 
alongside him and had outlived 

2152
01:59:29,800 --> 01:59:32,200
several. 
That he had helped create He had

2153
01:59:32,200 --> 01:59:34,700
watched cubism become a 
historical period while he was 

2154
01:59:34,700 --> 01:59:38,000
still alive to discuss it. 
He had done things in painting 

2155
01:59:38,000 --> 01:59:40,500
that no one had done then. 
Moved on from them. 

2156
01:59:40,500 --> 01:59:43,200
Then watch them become the 
curriculum of art schools across

2157
01:59:43,200 --> 01:59:46,300
the world. 
Then moved on further still The 

2158
01:59:46,300 --> 01:59:48,500
legacy of what he did to 
painting is difficult to 

2159
01:59:48,500 --> 01:59:51,200
overstate because it is so 
thoroughly embedded. 

2160
01:59:51,200 --> 01:59:54,100
In what painting has been 
allowed to do since 1907? 

2161
01:59:54,100 --> 01:59:58,200
That the specifics are hard to 
see clearly cubism changed the 

2162
01:59:58,200 --> 02:00:00,900
understanding of how a flat 
surface could represent space 

2163
02:00:00,900 --> 02:00:03,300
and time. 
It changed the understanding of 

2164
02:00:03,300 --> 02:00:06,000
how multiple truths about an 
object could co-exist in a 

2165
02:00:06,000 --> 02:00:08,400
single image. 
It opened the question of what 

2166
02:00:08,400 --> 02:00:10,600
relationship of painting was 
required to have with the 

2167
02:00:10,600 --> 02:00:14,500
visible world, and the answer 
that cubism proposed, which was 

2168
02:00:14,500 --> 02:00:17,800
that the relationship was 
negotiable was so fundamental 

2169
02:00:17,800 --> 02:00:20,400
that it made almost everything 
that came afterwards would 

2170
02:00:20,400 --> 02:00:23,200
possible. 
Abstract expressionism which 

2171
02:00:23,200 --> 02:00:26,600
rejected figuration entirely is 
a response to the question Cube 

2172
02:00:26,600 --> 02:00:30,200
as an opened pop Arts engagement
with flat planes and Commercial 

2173
02:00:30,200 --> 02:00:32,500
imagery borrows from the Cubist 
vocabulary. 

2174
02:00:33,800 --> 02:00:36,500
The conceptual art movements of 
the second half of the 20th 

2175
02:00:36,500 --> 02:00:39,500
century, which pushed the 
question of what art is allowed 

2176
02:00:39,500 --> 02:00:41,100
to be in to entirely new 
territories. 

2177
02:00:41,100 --> 02:00:44,400
All passed through the door that
Picasso and Braque opened in 

2178
02:00:44,400 --> 02:00:47,500
among marcha Studio between 1908
and 1914. 

2179
02:00:47,500 --> 02:00:50,300
He was aware of this and said 
very little about it. 

2180
02:00:50,300 --> 02:00:53,800
He made statements about art 
that were a regular and often 

2181
02:00:53,800 --> 02:00:57,000
contradictory and sometimes 
deliberately unhelpful as though

2182
02:00:57,000 --> 02:00:59,600
he preferred that the work speak
for itself and found the 

2183
02:00:59,600 --> 02:01:02,000
conversation around the work 
slightly beside the point. 

2184
02:01:02,800 --> 02:01:05,300
He said painting was a form of 
magic. 

2185
02:01:05,300 --> 02:01:07,500
He said it was a lie that told 
the truth. 

2186
02:01:07,500 --> 02:01:09,800
He said it took a long time to 
become Young. 

2187
02:01:10,600 --> 02:01:13,000
These are not the statements of 
someone who wanted to explain 

2188
02:01:13,000 --> 02:01:15,600
himself. 
His face became one of the most 

2189
02:01:15,600 --> 02:01:17,600
photographed phases of the 20th 
century. 

2190
02:01:17,600 --> 02:01:20,700
He was the first living artist 
to have a retrospective at the 

2191
02:01:20,700 --> 02:01:24,000
Museum of Modern Art in New York
in 1939. 

2192
02:01:24,000 --> 02:01:27,400
He joined the French Communist 
party after the second world war

2193
02:01:27,400 --> 02:01:31,500
and was awarded the Lenin Peace 
Prize in 1962 and these 

2194
02:01:31,500 --> 02:01:34,100
affiliations generated 
controversy that followed him 

2195
02:01:34,100 --> 02:01:36,700
for the rest of his life. 
As did his treatment of the 

2196
02:01:36,700 --> 02:01:38,900
women. 
He was involved with, which by 

2197
02:01:38,900 --> 02:01:41,900
the accounts of several of those
women range from complicated to 

2198
02:01:41,900 --> 02:01:44,800
harmful. 
The biography is not simple, and

2199
02:01:44,800 --> 02:01:47,700
has not been made simpler by the
passage of time or the scale of 

2200
02:01:47,700 --> 02:01:50,600
the reputation. 
What remains when all of it is 

2201
02:01:50,600 --> 02:01:52,100
accounted for as the work 
itself. 

2202
02:01:52,100 --> 02:01:55,800
The blue period paintings still 
in the Museum's where they have 

2203
02:01:55,800 --> 02:01:58,900
lived for decades, still doing 
what they were doing in 1902 

2204
02:01:58,900 --> 02:02:01,600
when nobody wanted to buy them, 
which is looking at suffering 

2205
02:02:01,600 --> 02:02:05,400
without sentimentality. 
And without distance Laden was 

2206
02:02:05,400 --> 02:02:09,100
the Museum of Modern Art still 
stopping people in the gallery. 

2207
02:02:09,100 --> 02:02:12,100
The way it stopped, everyone who
saw it in Picasso's studio in 

2208
02:02:12,100 --> 02:02:16,100
1907 still ref Using to show you
what you expect to be shown 

2209
02:02:16,100 --> 02:02:20,700
Guernica in Madrid, where 11,000
people a day come to stand in 

2210
02:02:20,700 --> 02:02:23,700
front of it and feel what it 
feels like to be in a room with 

2211
02:02:23,700 --> 02:02:25,400
a painting. 
That will not let Warby 

2212
02:02:25,400 --> 02:02:29,700
abstract, the old guitarist in 
Chicago, a bent old man, 

2213
02:02:29,700 --> 02:02:32,900
cradling an enormous instrument 
in a room full of cold blue. 

2214
02:02:32,900 --> 02:02:36,700
The guitar the only warm thing 
playing music for no audience in

2215
02:02:36,700 --> 02:02:39,300
a painting that was made in a 
period when Picasso could not 

2216
02:02:39,300 --> 02:02:42,600
sell paintings and was burning 
drawings to stay warm and had 

2217
02:02:42,600 --> 02:02:45,800
just lost his closest friend. 
He was a boy in Malaga, who 

2218
02:02:45,800 --> 02:02:47,200
could draw before he could 
speak. 

2219
02:02:47,200 --> 02:02:49,600
His first word was the word for 
pencil. 

2220
02:02:49,600 --> 02:02:52,800
He drew pigeons for his father 
and then painted over his 

2221
02:02:52,800 --> 02:02:54,100
father's unfinished. 
Pigeon. 

2222
02:02:54,100 --> 02:02:57,000
And his father, understood what 
he was looking at and gave him 

2223
02:02:57,000 --> 02:03:00,900
his brushes, he went to 
Barcelona at 14 and passed an 

2224
02:03:00,900 --> 02:03:03,600
entrance examination in a week 
that was supposed to take a 

2225
02:03:03,600 --> 02:03:06,500
month. 
He went to Paris at 20 and moved

2226
02:03:06,500 --> 02:03:09,100
into a leaking building in 
Montmartre and began to work. 

2227
02:03:09,800 --> 02:03:13,300
He worked for the next 71 years 
without stopping except when 

2228
02:03:13,300 --> 02:03:16,900
grief stopped him briefly an 
exhaustion, slowed him for a 

2229
02:03:16,900 --> 02:03:20,300
year and his body fail him in 
small ways that he ignored, he 

2230
02:03:20,300 --> 02:03:22,800
painted until three in the 
morning on the last night of his

2231
02:03:22,800 --> 02:03:26,800
life, the work is still here. 
All of it, the pigeons and the 

2232
02:03:26,808 --> 02:03:29,700
Beggars, and the broken guitars,
and the fractured faces, and the

2233
02:03:29,700 --> 02:03:33,600
screaming horse, and the skull, 
like self-portrait of a 90 year 

2234
02:03:33,600 --> 02:03:36,100
old man looking at, what was 
coming and drawing it anyway. 

2235
02:03:36,800 --> 02:03:40,800
If you are still awake my tired 
dumplings that is Pablo Picasso.

2236
02:03:40,800 --> 02:03:43,500
If you fell asleep, somewhere 
around the blue period or the 

2237
02:03:43,500 --> 02:03:47,100
shed in Monmouth or the blue 
guitar in Chicago which would be

2238
02:03:47,100 --> 02:03:48,500
a very good place to fall 
asleep. 

2239
02:03:48,500 --> 02:03:50,800
That is exactly what this was 
for. 

2240
02:03:51,500 --> 02:03:55,000
If you have a hand free from 
wherever it is a like and a 

2241
02:03:55,000 --> 02:03:57,800
subscribe cost, you nothing and 
helps the channel more than you 

2242
02:03:57,800 --> 02:04:00,400
would think. 
It is, the least boric thing you

2243
02:04:00,400 --> 02:04:03,400
can do with a finger and Picasso
would have approved of economy. 

2244
02:04:03,400 --> 02:04:12,000
Good night, Close your eyes and 
imagine Dayton Ohio in the late 

2245
02:04:12,000 --> 02:04:14,900
1800s. 
Two brothers run a modest by 

2246
02:04:14,900 --> 02:04:19,000
sickle Shop on West 3rd Street. 
The smell of machine oil, drifts

2247
02:04:19,000 --> 02:04:20,200
through the door on summer 
afternoons. 

2248
02:04:20,200 --> 02:04:24,600
They have no idea that within a 
few short years, they will 

2249
02:04:24,600 --> 02:04:26,800
change the course of human 
history forever. 

2250
02:04:27,900 --> 02:04:31,400
You step into the Wright cycle 
company on a warm after noon in 

2251
02:04:31,400 --> 02:04:35,900
1896, sunlight filters, through 
the front windows, and catches 

2252
02:04:35,900 --> 02:04:40,800
specs of dust floating lazily 
through the air, The smell of 

2253
02:04:40,800 --> 02:04:44,000
machine oil mingles with fresh 
wood shavings and rubber from 

2254
02:04:44,000 --> 02:04:45,900
bicycle tires, stacked against 
the wall. 

2255
02:04:46,900 --> 02:04:49,400
The floorboards Creak slightly 
under your feet, As you move 

2256
02:04:49,400 --> 02:04:52,900
deeper into the shop. 
Wilbur Wright stands at the 

2257
02:04:52,908 --> 02:04:56,600
workbench near the back. 
He's 30 years old with a serious

2258
02:04:56,600 --> 02:04:59,300
face and thoughtful lies, that 
seemed to look through problems 

2259
02:04:59,300 --> 02:05:03,100
rather than just at them. 
His hands move with practice 

2260
02:05:03,100 --> 02:05:07,000
precision as he adjusts the 
chain on a safety bicycle, the 

2261
02:05:07,000 --> 02:05:10,300
newest models gleam in their 
display stands, each one 

2262
02:05:10,300 --> 02:05:13,200
represents hours of careful, 
assembly and adjustment. 

2263
02:05:13,200 --> 02:05:18,200
Each spoke must be perfectly. 
Tensioned each bearing must spin

2264
02:05:18,200 --> 02:05:23,300
without friction each brake must
engage smoothly but firmly His 

2265
02:05:23,300 --> 02:05:24,800
younger brother. 
Orville Works. 

2266
02:05:24,800 --> 02:05:27,400
Nearby at a second bench. 
A 25. 

2267
02:05:27,400 --> 02:05:28,900
He shares Wilbur's. 
Thin. 

2268
02:05:28,900 --> 02:05:30,500
Build and quiet. 
Intensity. 

2269
02:05:31,500 --> 02:05:35,200
He bends over a wheel truing, 
the spoke with delicate touches 

2270
02:05:35,200 --> 02:05:38,400
of a wrench. 
The brothers rarely speak while 

2271
02:05:38,400 --> 02:05:41,800
they work, they have developed 
an understanding that requires 

2272
02:05:41,800 --> 02:05:44,800
few words. 
A glance communicates, what 

2273
02:05:44,800 --> 02:05:46,900
others would need a conversation
to express. 

2274
02:05:48,000 --> 02:05:51,700
A slight nod confirms an 
approach arrays, eyebrow 

2275
02:05:51,700 --> 02:05:56,400
questions a decision. bicycle 
shop exists in a world between 

2276
02:05:56,400 --> 02:06:00,200
the old and the new Horse drawn 
carriages, still clatter passed 

2277
02:06:00,200 --> 02:06:02,500
on the street outside their 
wheels rumbling over 

2278
02:06:02,500 --> 02:06:05,800
cobblestones. 
Yet inside this modest 

2279
02:06:05,800 --> 02:06:07,800
storefront. 
The brothers Tinker with 

2280
02:06:07,800 --> 02:06:11,600
mechanisms that hinted a future 
of speed and efficiency. 

2281
02:06:12,500 --> 02:06:16,600
Each bicycle represents a small 
miracle of engineering two 

2282
02:06:16,600 --> 02:06:18,600
wheels connected by a frame and 
chain. 

2283
02:06:18,600 --> 02:06:23,800
So simple in concept. 
So complex in execution, you 

2284
02:06:23,800 --> 02:06:26,600
notice how the brothers approach
each repair with the same 

2285
02:06:26,600 --> 02:06:29,200
methodical care. 
They do not rush. 

2286
02:06:30,100 --> 02:06:32,500
When a customer brings in a 
bicycle with a wobbling wheel 

2287
02:06:32,500 --> 02:06:37,100
will be examines it from every 
angle, he spins the wheel slowly

2288
02:06:37,100 --> 02:06:39,100
watching for the slightest 
deviation. 

2289
02:06:40,000 --> 02:06:43,100
He runs his fingers along the 
rim feeling for imperfections, 

2290
02:06:43,100 --> 02:06:46,700
too small to see. 
He knows that the smallest floor

2291
02:06:46,700 --> 02:06:48,300
can throw off the entire 
balance. 

2292
02:06:49,200 --> 02:06:51,600
He knows that good enough is 
never actually good enough. 

2293
02:06:52,500 --> 02:06:55,300
This attention to detail, comes 
naturally, to both brothers, 

2294
02:06:55,300 --> 02:06:58,500
they grew up taking things apart
to see how they worked. 

2295
02:06:59,300 --> 02:07:02,600
Clocks and toys and mechanical 
gadgets of all kinds found 

2296
02:07:02,600 --> 02:07:04,700
themselves disassembled on the 
kitchen table. 

2297
02:07:05,700 --> 02:07:08,600
Their father Milton, a bishop in
the united Brethren Church 

2298
02:07:08,600 --> 02:07:12,900
encouraged this curiosity rather
than scolding them for breaking 

2299
02:07:12,900 --> 02:07:15,700
things. 
Their mother Susan had a natural

2300
02:07:15,700 --> 02:07:17,600
gift for fixing household 
machines. 

2301
02:07:17,600 --> 02:07:21,100
She could look at a broken pump 
or a jammed door latch and 

2302
02:07:21,100 --> 02:07:22,600
immediately understand the 
problem. 

2303
02:07:23,500 --> 02:07:26,300
She passed this practical 
knowledge to her son's before 

2304
02:07:26,300 --> 02:07:29,600
her early death from 
tuberculosis when Orville was 

2305
02:07:29,608 --> 02:07:32,700
still young. 
The bicycle business thrives in 

2306
02:07:32,700 --> 02:07:35,600
these years. 
America has fallen in love with 

2307
02:07:35,600 --> 02:07:37,400
the freedom of two-wheeled 
travel. 

2308
02:07:38,200 --> 02:07:40,900
People who once walked 
everywhere or relied on horses? 

2309
02:07:40,900 --> 02:07:44,000
Can now Glide along at speeds 
that would have amazed their 

2310
02:07:44,000 --> 02:07:46,800
grandparents. 
The sensation of riding a 

2311
02:07:46,800 --> 02:07:51,000
bicycle feels almost like flying
the wind in your face, the 

2312
02:07:51,000 --> 02:07:54,500
landscape flowing, past the 
independence of moving, under 

2313
02:07:54,500 --> 02:07:57,400
your own power without the mess 
and expense of keeping a horse. 

2314
02:07:58,300 --> 02:08:01,800
the Wright brothers build their 
own models improving on existing

2315
02:08:01,800 --> 02:08:06,300
designs with each iteration, 
They start by assembling bikes 

2316
02:08:06,300 --> 02:08:09,400
from purchase parts. 
Then they begin manufacturing, 

2317
02:08:09,400 --> 02:08:13,400
their own frames the experiment,
with different geometries to 

2318
02:08:13,400 --> 02:08:16,200
improve handling. 
They develop their own break 

2319
02:08:16,200 --> 02:08:19,400
designs. 
They test various gear ratios to

2320
02:08:19,400 --> 02:08:22,300
find the optimal balance between
speed and ease of pedaling. 

2321
02:08:23,100 --> 02:08:25,400
The shop becomes known for 
quality and reliability. 

2322
02:08:26,700 --> 02:08:29,700
When someone buys a right 
bicycle, they know it will last 

2323
02:08:30,500 --> 02:08:32,000
the brothers stand behind their 
work. 

2324
02:08:32,000 --> 02:08:36,000
Absolutely. 
If something breaks due to a 

2325
02:08:36,000 --> 02:08:38,000
manufacturing defect, they fix 
it. 

2326
02:08:38,000 --> 02:08:41,800
Without question or charge this 
builds trust in the community 

2327
02:08:41,800 --> 02:08:46,600
word, spreads the business grows
steadily but you sense something

2328
02:08:46,600 --> 02:08:48,600
Restless in the brothers as they
work. 

2329
02:08:49,300 --> 02:08:52,500
Wilbur especially seems to gaze 
out the window at the sky with 

2330
02:08:52,500 --> 02:08:56,600
increasing frequency. 
He watches Birds soaring past 

2331
02:08:56,600 --> 02:08:59,900
with intense Focus. 
He's been reading about a German

2332
02:08:59,900 --> 02:09:02,600
Glide or Enthusiast named Otto 
lillium Thal. 

2333
02:09:03,200 --> 02:09:06,000
The man has been conducting 
experiments with flying machines

2334
02:09:06,000 --> 02:09:08,700
near Berlin. 
He launches himself from Hills, 

2335
02:09:08,700 --> 02:09:10,900
Riding currents of air like a 
human bird. 

2336
02:09:10,900 --> 02:09:14,900
He has made thousands of Glides 
learning to control his craft 

2337
02:09:14,900 --> 02:09:17,500
through shifts of bodyweight the
newspapers. 

2338
02:09:17,500 --> 02:09:20,500
Occasionally carry stories about
Lily and Thor's exploits. 

2339
02:09:21,200 --> 02:09:23,700
Most readers view them as 
amusing, Curiosities. 

2340
02:09:24,500 --> 02:09:27,600
Flying machines belong to the 
realm of fantasy and science 

2341
02:09:27,600 --> 02:09:30,600
fiction. 
Serious people do not waste time

2342
02:09:30,600 --> 02:09:34,200
on such foolishness. 
But Wilbur reads these articles 

2343
02:09:34,200 --> 02:09:37,800
with growing fascination. 
Here are some one attempting The

2344
02:09:37,800 --> 02:09:42,200
Impossible with systemic rigor. 
Here is someone treating flight 

2345
02:09:42,200 --> 02:09:45,600
as an engineering problem, 
rather than a magical dream in 

2346
02:09:45,600 --> 02:09:48,700
August of 1896. 
Devastating news arrives from 

2347
02:09:48,700 --> 02:09:51,600
Germany. 
Otto, lilienthal has died in a 

2348
02:09:51,608 --> 02:09:54,300
Glide at crash, his machine 
stalled. 

2349
02:09:54,300 --> 02:09:57,700
During a test flight. 
He fell from a height of 50 feet

2350
02:09:57,700 --> 02:10:00,800
and broke his spine. 
He lived for only a day after 

2351
02:10:00,800 --> 02:10:04,100
the accident, his last word 
reportedly being that sacrifices

2352
02:10:04,100 --> 02:10:07,800
must be made. 
The tragedy strikes will be 

2353
02:10:07,800 --> 02:10:10,200
deeply. 
Here was a man who dared to 

2354
02:10:10,200 --> 02:10:13,700
pursue an Impossible Dream. 
He paid the ultimate price for 

2355
02:10:13,700 --> 02:10:17,300
his vision, yet, instead of 
discouraging Wilbur, the news, 

2356
02:10:17,300 --> 02:10:21,200
ignite something within him. 
Lilienthal proved that gliding. 

2357
02:10:21,200 --> 02:10:23,100
Flight was possible. 
He died. 

2358
02:10:23,100 --> 02:10:26,000
Not because the concept was 
flawed, but because he had not 

2359
02:10:26,000 --> 02:10:29,300
yet solved all the problems, the
challenge remains open. 

2360
02:10:30,200 --> 02:10:35,000
The question remains unanswered.
Some one must continue the work.

2361
02:10:36,000 --> 02:10:39,200
You what is Wilbur begins to 
collect every scrap of 

2362
02:10:39,200 --> 02:10:40,800
information about flying 
machines. 

2363
02:10:41,700 --> 02:10:44,500
He writes careful letter to the 
Smithsonian institution in 

2364
02:10:44,500 --> 02:10:47,400
Washington. 
Requesting papers on Aeronautics

2365
02:10:47,400 --> 02:10:49,300
the response arrives in the 
mail. 

2366
02:10:49,300 --> 02:10:52,600
Several weeks later. 
Package of pamphlets and 

2367
02:10:52,600 --> 02:10:55,000
articles about various flying 
machine experiments. 

2368
02:10:55,700 --> 02:10:59,000
Wilbur devours, the material 
reading late Into the Night by 

2369
02:10:59,000 --> 02:11:01,500
Lamplight in the room. 
He shares with all about the 

2370
02:11:01,500 --> 02:11:04,000
shop. 
The library at the bicycle shop,

2371
02:11:04,000 --> 02:11:07,100
slowly fills with books and 
pamphlets, about bird flight 

2372
02:11:07,100 --> 02:11:11,600
air, pressure and Wing design. 
Wilbur orders texts on 

2373
02:11:11,600 --> 02:11:14,600
Ornithology to study how 
different birds achieve flight. 

2374
02:11:14,600 --> 02:11:17,200
He reads about the anatomy of 
bird wings. 

2375
02:11:17,200 --> 02:11:20,700
He learns how feathers overlap 
to create smooth surfaces. 

2376
02:11:21,600 --> 02:11:24,600
He discovers that birds have 
hollow bones to reduce weight. 

2377
02:11:25,500 --> 02:11:28,900
He studies how they Bank him to 
turns and adjust their wings to 

2378
02:11:28,900 --> 02:11:30,900
catch Rising, currents of warm 
air. 

2379
02:11:31,700 --> 02:11:34,700
Orville notices, his brothers 
growing Obsession but says 

2380
02:11:34,700 --> 02:11:37,800
nothing at first. 
He knows will be well enough to 

2381
02:11:37,800 --> 02:11:39,900
recognize when an idea is taken,
hold. 

2382
02:11:40,700 --> 02:11:44,000
Will become completely absorbed 
in problems that interest him. 

2383
02:11:44,800 --> 02:11:48,100
He will work on them, constantly
turning them over in his mind 

2384
02:11:48,100 --> 02:11:51,700
even while doing other tasks. 
His body may be adjusting 

2385
02:11:51,700 --> 02:11:54,600
bicycle spokes, but his thoughts
are somewhere else entirely. 

2386
02:11:56,000 --> 02:11:58,300
The brothers continued their 
bicycle work through the 

2387
02:11:58,300 --> 02:12:01,700
changing seasons. 
Spring brings customers eager to

2388
02:12:01,708 --> 02:12:04,600
ride through blooming parks and 
along Tree Line streets. 

2389
02:12:05,300 --> 02:12:08,300
Young couples buy bicycles so 
they can ride together on Sunday

2390
02:12:08,300 --> 02:12:11,200
afternoons. 
Fathers purchased bikes for 

2391
02:12:11,200 --> 02:12:14,500
their children then spend 
patient hours, teaching them to 

2392
02:12:14,500 --> 02:12:18,300
balance summer Seas, children 
learning to ride their scraped 

2393
02:12:18,300 --> 02:12:19,900
knees. 
Badges of determination. 

2394
02:12:19,900 --> 02:12:23,800
Autumn brings repairs from those
who wrote too hard on rough 

2395
02:12:23,800 --> 02:12:27,200
roads with bent wheels and 
broken chains needing attention.

2396
02:12:28,000 --> 02:12:31,700
Winter offers time for planning,
improvements to their bicycle 

2397
02:12:31,700 --> 02:12:34,100
models, and preparing for the 
next selling season. 

2398
02:12:35,400 --> 02:12:37,900
Through it all. 
The question of flight grows 

2399
02:12:37,900 --> 02:12:41,600
larger in Wilbur's mind. 
He watches Birds, soaring 

2400
02:12:41,600 --> 02:12:44,400
overhead as he walks to the shop
each morning. 

2401
02:12:45,300 --> 02:12:48,800
He notices how they Bang into 
turns and adjust their wings to 

2402
02:12:48,800 --> 02:12:51,500
catch the wind. 
He observes how they spread 

2403
02:12:51,500 --> 02:12:53,500
their tail feathers to slow down
for landing. 

2404
02:12:54,500 --> 02:12:57,400
He sees how they tuck their 
wings tight, when diving for 

2405
02:12:57,400 --> 02:13:00,700
Speed. 
Nature has already sold the 

2406
02:13:00,700 --> 02:13:03,500
problem of flight through 
millions of years of evolution. 

2407
02:13:04,600 --> 02:13:07,400
Brothers, just need to 
understand the principles well 

2408
02:13:07,400 --> 02:13:09,800
enough to apply them to human 
built machines. 

2409
02:13:11,200 --> 02:13:14,200
Orville finally asks his brother
directly about the Flying 

2410
02:13:14,200 --> 02:13:17,600
Machine research. 
One evening in late, 1899, they 

2411
02:13:17,600 --> 02:13:21,400
stand in the shop after closing 
time, the late afternoon sun, 

2412
02:13:21,400 --> 02:13:23,600
casts Long Shadows across the 
wooden floor. 

2413
02:13:24,600 --> 02:13:26,600
The street outside has grown 
quiet. 

2414
02:13:27,400 --> 02:13:30,600
Wilbur explains his thinking 
methodically, as he does with 

2415
02:13:30,600 --> 02:13:33,000
everything. 
He believes that the problem of 

2416
02:13:33,000 --> 02:13:35,500
flight can be broken into three,
distinct parts. 

2417
02:13:36,400 --> 02:13:39,900
First, you need wings that 
generate lifts efficient to 

2418
02:13:39,900 --> 02:13:41,800
overcome the weight of the 
machine and pilot. 

2419
02:13:42,700 --> 02:13:46,000
Second, you need a way to 
control the machine in all three

2420
02:13:46,000 --> 02:13:48,600
dimensions while in the air 
third. 

2421
02:13:48,600 --> 02:13:52,200
You need a source of power to 
sustain flight and overcome. 

2422
02:13:52,200 --> 02:13:55,200
Drag. 
Most experimenters will be 

2423
02:13:55,200 --> 02:13:57,600
notes. 
Focus almost exclusively on the 

2424
02:13:57,608 --> 02:14:01,200
first challenge. 
They build wings and hope for 

2425
02:14:01,200 --> 02:14:03,700
the best. 
They neglect The crucial 

2426
02:14:03,700 --> 02:14:07,100
question of control. 
A bicycle works because the 

2427
02:14:07,100 --> 02:14:11,800
rider can steer and balance. 
You lean into turns, you shift, 

2428
02:14:11,800 --> 02:14:13,300
your weight to maintain 
equilibrium. 

2429
02:14:13,300 --> 02:14:16,400
You make constant tiny 
adjustments without even 

2430
02:14:16,400 --> 02:14:19,400
thinking about them. 
A flying machine needs the same 

2431
02:14:19,400 --> 02:14:23,200
level of intuitive control, only
in three dimensions, instead of 

2432
02:14:23,200 --> 02:14:27,600
two, you need to control pitch, 
the nose pointing up or down, 

2433
02:14:27,600 --> 02:14:31,100
you need to control roll with 
One Wing dropping. 

2434
02:14:31,100 --> 02:14:34,500
Lower than the other, you need 
to control your, the nose, 

2435
02:14:34,500 --> 02:14:38,700
pointing left or right. 
This Insight marks the true 

2436
02:14:38,700 --> 02:14:41,200
beginning of the Wright brothers
journey into Aviation. 

2437
02:14:42,000 --> 02:14:45,100
They will approach flying 
machines with the same practical

2438
02:14:45,100 --> 02:14:47,000
mindset. 
They bring to bicycles. 

2439
02:14:47,700 --> 02:14:50,300
Every problem can be sold 
through observation 

2440
02:14:50,300 --> 02:14:52,500
experimentation and patient 
refinement. 

2441
02:14:53,300 --> 02:14:56,300
They have the mechanical skills 
from years of bicycle work. 

2442
02:14:56,300 --> 02:15:00,100
They have the Curiosity from a 
lifetime of taking things apart.

2443
02:15:00,900 --> 02:15:03,600
They have the time as the 
bicycle business run. 

2444
02:15:03,600 --> 02:15:06,100
Smoothly enough to allow pursuit
of other interests. 

2445
02:15:06,800 --> 02:15:09,800
They have the resources as they 
have saved money from their 

2446
02:15:09,800 --> 02:15:12,800
successful shop. 
The bicycle shop becomes a 

2447
02:15:12,800 --> 02:15:15,400
laboratory. 
After Hours, the brothers clear 

2448
02:15:15,400 --> 02:15:18,600
space in the back room for 
sketches and models, they 

2449
02:15:18,600 --> 02:15:22,100
fashioned small wings from wood 
and paper, testing, different 

2450
02:15:22,100 --> 02:15:25,600
shapes and sizes. 
They create tiny gliders, and 

2451
02:15:25,600 --> 02:15:28,700
launch them from the Second 
Story, window watching how they 

2452
02:15:28,700 --> 02:15:31,600
fly. 
They argue good naturedly about 

2453
02:15:31,600 --> 02:15:34,400
angles and measurements each 
brother defending his 

2454
02:15:34,400 --> 02:15:37,100
calculations. 
They make mistakes and learn 

2455
02:15:37,100 --> 02:15:40,000
from them, adjusting their 
approach based on what they 

2456
02:15:40,008 --> 02:15:42,400
observe. 
You can feel the excitement 

2457
02:15:42,400 --> 02:15:44,200
building in this ordinary. 
Workshop. 

2458
02:15:44,200 --> 02:15:49,000
Two self-taught Engineers from 
Ohio are about to embark on an 

2459
02:15:49,000 --> 02:15:51,700
extraordinary Adventure. 
They have no degrees from 

2460
02:15:51,700 --> 02:15:54,500
universities. 
No formal training in 

2461
02:15:54,500 --> 02:15:58,200
Aeronautics or physics know 
wealthy, patrons to fund, 

2462
02:15:58,200 --> 02:16:01,400
elaborate experiments. 
No team of assistance to do the 

2463
02:16:01,400 --> 02:16:05,900
tedious work, they have only 
their minds, their hands and an 

2464
02:16:05,900 --> 02:16:07,800
unshakeable belief that humans 
can fly. 

2465
02:16:07,800 --> 02:16:10,300
If they can just understand the 
principles. 

2466
02:16:10,300 --> 02:16:14,200
Well enough, The year 1899 
arrives with possibility, 

2467
02:16:14,200 --> 02:16:17,600
hanging in the air, the bicycle 
business runs smoothly enough to

2468
02:16:17,600 --> 02:16:19,600
allow significant time for other
Pursuits. 

2469
02:16:20,400 --> 02:16:23,500
The brothers of saved enough 
money to fund small experiments 

2470
02:16:23,500 --> 02:16:26,900
without Financial stress. 
They correspond with octave 

2471
02:16:26,900 --> 02:16:30,300
Chanute, a civil engineer in 
Chicago, who is also been 

2472
02:16:30,300 --> 02:16:34,100
studying flight problems. 
Chanute his older and more 

2473
02:16:34,100 --> 02:16:37,000
established. 
He has conducted his own glider 

2474
02:16:37,000 --> 02:16:40,299
experiments, and written 
extensively about Aeronautics. 

2475
02:16:40,299 --> 02:16:43,900
He encourages the Wright 
brothers work, and share his own

2476
02:16:43,900 --> 02:16:48,400
findings generously. through 
this correspondence Wilbur and 

2477
02:16:48,400 --> 02:16:51,400
Orville begin to see themselves 
as part of a larger community of

2478
02:16:51,400 --> 02:16:55,400
dreamers and experimenters, 
Men's scattered across the world

2479
02:16:55,400 --> 02:16:58,400
all working on the same 
impossible problem from 

2480
02:16:58,400 --> 02:17:01,700
different angles, sum approach, 
it with rigid, mathematical 

2481
02:17:01,700 --> 02:17:06,200
formulas, others rely on pure 
intuition and trial and error. 

2482
02:17:06,799 --> 02:17:10,600
The Wright brothers, blend both 
approaches, they trust numbers 

2483
02:17:10,600 --> 02:17:13,799
and calculations, but they also 
trust what they observed with 

2484
02:17:13,808 --> 02:17:16,299
their own eyes. 
They believe in testing, 

2485
02:17:16,299 --> 02:17:20,400
theories against reality. 
Wilbur become particularly 

2486
02:17:20,400 --> 02:17:22,799
interested in how birds control 
their flight. 

2487
02:17:23,600 --> 02:17:26,600
He spends hours watching 
buzzards, or over the Dayton 

2488
02:17:26,600 --> 02:17:29,100
landscape. 
He notices that. 

2489
02:17:29,100 --> 02:17:32,400
When a bird wants to turn, it 
does not simply Point its nose 

2490
02:17:32,400 --> 02:17:35,900
in the New Direction. 
Instead, it dips One Wing lower 

2491
02:17:35,900 --> 02:17:40,100
than the other, the bird rolls 
into the turn banking, like a 

2492
02:17:40,100 --> 02:17:42,100
bicycle Rider leaning around a 
corner. 

2493
02:17:43,400 --> 02:17:46,700
This observation seems crucial. 
The Breakthrough comes 

2494
02:17:46,700 --> 02:17:52,500
unexpectedly as insights often 
do will is talking to a customer

2495
02:17:52,500 --> 02:17:55,500
in the shop on our afternoon 
while absolutely handling an 

2496
02:17:55,500 --> 02:17:59,299
empty in a tube box. 
The box is rectangular and made 

2497
02:17:59,299 --> 02:18:03,299
of thin cardboard. 
He talks his hands twist the 

2498
02:18:03,299 --> 02:18:06,200
Box, making one end, rotate 
relative to the other. 

2499
02:18:06,200 --> 02:18:10,500
He suddenly stops mid-sentence 
staring at the Twisted box in 

2500
02:18:10,500 --> 02:18:13,200
his hands. 
He realizes that by twisting the

2501
02:18:13,200 --> 02:18:17,100
wings of a flying machine. 
You could control its role just 

2502
02:18:17,100 --> 02:18:19,900
as a bird. 
Tilts its wings to turn a 

2503
02:18:19,900 --> 02:18:21,600
glider. 
Could do the same with flexible 

2504
02:18:21,600 --> 02:18:24,799
Wing surfaces. 
If you could warp, one wing tip 

2505
02:18:24,799 --> 02:18:27,400
up in the other down, you could 
make the machine Bank. 

2506
02:18:27,400 --> 02:18:30,700
This simple observation will 
prove to be one of their most 

2507
02:18:30,700 --> 02:18:34,200
important Innovations. 
Other experimenters have been 

2508
02:18:34,200 --> 02:18:36,600
trying to control flying 
machines with Rudders and 

2509
02:18:36,600 --> 02:18:40,200
movable surfaces the Wright 
brothers will add Wing, warping 

2510
02:18:40,200 --> 02:18:42,900
to the mix, the spring arrives 
in 1900. 

2511
02:18:42,900 --> 02:18:45,700
The brothers make a crucial 
decision, they will build a 

2512
02:18:45,700 --> 02:18:49,799
Glide Earth, not a small model, 
but a full-size machine capable 

2513
02:18:49,799 --> 02:18:52,799
of carrying a human being. 
They will test it somewhere with

2514
02:18:52,799 --> 02:18:55,100
steady wins and soft, Landing 
surfaces. 

2515
02:18:55,100 --> 02:18:58,200
They will learn what works and 
what fails through actual 

2516
02:18:58,200 --> 02:19:01,100
experience. 
They will iterate and improve. 

2517
02:19:01,400 --> 02:19:05,900
based on real data rather than 
just Theory, The search for a 

2518
02:19:05,900 --> 02:19:08,100
testing site becomes a project 
in itself. 

2519
02:19:09,000 --> 02:19:12,900
Dating offers neither steady 
wins nor forgiving to rain the 

2520
02:19:12,900 --> 02:19:15,900
brothers need somewhere. 
They can fly a full size glider 

2521
02:19:15,900 --> 02:19:19,200
safely somewhere remote enough. 
That failures will not attract 

2522
02:19:19,200 --> 02:19:23,000
unwanted attention or mockery 
somewhere with wind patterns 

2523
02:19:23,000 --> 02:19:25,200
that remain consistent to cross 
seasons. 

2524
02:19:26,000 --> 02:19:28,000
Somewhere. 
They can work without constant 

2525
02:19:28,000 --> 02:19:30,900
interruption. 
Wilbur writes to the weather 

2526
02:19:30,900 --> 02:19:32,700
bureau in Washington with a 
carefully. 

2527
02:19:32,700 --> 02:19:36,000
Thought-out request. 
He asked for data on wind 

2528
02:19:36,000 --> 02:19:37,700
velocities across the United 
States. 

2529
02:19:37,700 --> 02:19:41,500
He specifies that he needs 
locations with average winds of 

2530
02:19:41,500 --> 02:19:45,500
at least 15 miles per hour. 
He request information about 

2531
02:19:45,500 --> 02:19:49,500
terrain types and accessibility.
The response arrives several 

2532
02:19:49,500 --> 02:19:52,100
weeks later with details, 
records from weather stations 

2533
02:19:52,100 --> 02:19:55,400
Nationwide. 
The brothers pour over the 

2534
02:19:55,408 --> 02:19:58,700
numbers, looking for the perfect
combination of wind, speed, 

2535
02:19:58,700 --> 02:20:01,700
isolation, and accessible, to 
rain. 

2536
02:20:02,500 --> 02:20:05,800
They spread Maps across the 
workbench and make notes, they 

2537
02:20:05,800 --> 02:20:08,800
discuss various locations and 
their relative merits. 

2538
02:20:09,500 --> 02:20:13,000
San Diego as Goodwin's, seems 
too far away and too expensive 

2539
02:20:13,000 --> 02:20:16,100
to reach regularly. 
The Great Plains offer flat 

2540
02:20:16,100 --> 02:20:18,900
terrain, but unpredictable, 
whether various Coastal 

2541
02:20:18,900 --> 02:20:20,800
locations, present 
possibilities. 

2542
02:20:20,800 --> 02:20:24,100
One location stands out from all
the others. 

2543
02:20:24,100 --> 02:20:28,600
Kitty, Hawk North Carolina. 
A small fishing Village on the 

2544
02:20:28,600 --> 02:20:31,200
Outer Banks. 
The weather station reports 

2545
02:20:31,200 --> 02:20:33,700
average wind speeds of 16 miles 
per hour. 

2546
02:20:33,700 --> 02:20:37,800
The area consists of Sandy Dunes
that would cushion any Landing, 

2547
02:20:37,800 --> 02:20:42,100
no matter how hard Few people 
live there ensuring privacy for 

2548
02:20:42,100 --> 02:20:45,400
their experiments. 
Climate stays moderate enough 

2549
02:20:45,400 --> 02:20:47,800
for work, even in late, Autumn 
and early winter. 

2550
02:20:48,700 --> 02:20:51,700
The brothers exchanged glances 
as they read about Kitty Hawk, 

2551
02:20:51,700 --> 02:20:55,600
it sounds almost too perfect for
their needs remote Barrier 

2552
02:20:55,600 --> 02:20:58,200
Islands. 
Swept by Steady Atlantic winds. 

2553
02:20:58,900 --> 02:21:00,800
Soft sand. 
That will forgive countless 

2554
02:21:00,800 --> 02:21:03,900
crash, Landings. 
Small community that might offer

2555
02:21:03,900 --> 02:21:07,800
basic supplies and simple 
lodging. isolation from the 

2556
02:21:07,800 --> 02:21:10,700
newspapers, and the inevitable 
Skeptics who would mock their 

2557
02:21:10,700 --> 02:21:14,600
attempts They begin to plan 
their first expedition with 

2558
02:21:14,600 --> 02:21:17,500
characteristic thoroughness. 
They will need to bring all 

2559
02:21:17,500 --> 02:21:20,700
their equipment and supplies. 
They will need to arrange time 

2560
02:21:20,700 --> 02:21:23,500
away from the bicycle shop. 
They will need to build their 

2561
02:21:23,500 --> 02:21:26,500
Glide in a way that allows it to
be disassembled for shipping. 

2562
02:21:27,100 --> 02:21:29,500
They will need to prepare for 
camping in what sounds like 

2563
02:21:29,500 --> 02:21:33,800
fairly primitive conditions but 
First, they must design and 

2564
02:21:33,800 --> 02:21:36,900
build their Glide. 
The design takes shape over 

2565
02:21:36,900 --> 02:21:39,400
countless evening's at the 
bicycle shop through the summer 

2566
02:21:39,400 --> 02:21:42,600
of 1900. 
They based their initial plans 

2567
02:21:42,600 --> 02:21:46,200
on measurements, published by 
Otto lilienthal adjusting for 

2568
02:21:46,200 --> 02:21:48,100
what they have learned from 
their own small-scale 

2569
02:21:48,100 --> 02:21:51,700
experiments. 
The wings will be covered in 

2570
02:21:51,700 --> 02:21:54,100
fabric stretched over a wooden 
frame. 

2571
02:21:55,000 --> 02:21:58,300
Pilot will lie prone on the 
lower wing reducing air 

2572
02:21:58,300 --> 02:22:01,400
resistance. 
This position feels awkward, but

2573
02:22:01,400 --> 02:22:05,100
makes aerodynamic sense. 
The most Innovative feature, 

2574
02:22:05,100 --> 02:22:07,700
Remains the wing warping 
mechanism, that will be 

2575
02:22:07,700 --> 02:22:11,600
conceived. cables will run from 
the wingtips to a cradle that 

2576
02:22:11,600 --> 02:22:14,600
the pilot controls with his 
hips, by shifting his weight 

2577
02:22:14,600 --> 02:22:17,500
side, to side, the pilot, can 
twist the wings and steer the 

2578
02:22:17,500 --> 02:22:20,700
glider The concepts seem 
straightforward in theory. 

2579
02:22:21,400 --> 02:22:23,700
Whether it will work in practice
remains to be seen. 

2580
02:22:23,700 --> 02:22:27,400
No other experimenters developed
anything quite like it. 

2581
02:22:28,300 --> 02:22:31,900
Construction begins in Earnest 
in August, the brothers work in 

2582
02:22:31,900 --> 02:22:34,700
the back room of the shops 
around by wood shavings and the 

2583
02:22:34,700 --> 02:22:38,000
smell of varnish. 
They select each piece of spruce

2584
02:22:38,000 --> 02:22:40,800
carefully, testing it for 
straightness and strength. 

2585
02:22:41,600 --> 02:22:43,900
Would with any hint of weakness 
gets rejected. 

2586
02:22:43,900 --> 02:22:47,200
They cut the ribs that will give
the wings their curved shape 

2587
02:22:47,200 --> 02:22:51,400
working from patterns, they have
drawn, they drill holes for the 

2588
02:22:51,400 --> 02:22:55,800
connecting wires, they sand 
surfaces smooth, they sow the 

2589
02:22:55,800 --> 02:22:59,200
fabric, covering with Precision 
stitching, making sure the 

2590
02:22:59,200 --> 02:23:03,600
tension stays even the work, 
demand absolute accuracy at 

2591
02:23:03,600 --> 02:23:07,000
every step. 
A wing that is slightly Twisted 

2592
02:23:07,000 --> 02:23:10,900
will not fly properly. 
A connection that is too weak. 

2593
02:23:10,900 --> 02:23:14,800
Will fail under stress a cable 
that is too loose, will not 

2594
02:23:14,800 --> 02:23:17,800
transmit control. 
Inputs properly, the brothers, 

2595
02:23:17,800 --> 02:23:21,700
check and recheck every 
measurement they test each joint

2596
02:23:21,700 --> 02:23:24,900
before moving on. 
They have no margin for error 

2597
02:23:24,900 --> 02:23:27,000
when the test pilot is suspended
in the air on their 

2598
02:23:27,000 --> 02:23:30,600
craftsmanship. 
You Marvel at their patience. 

2599
02:23:30,600 --> 02:23:33,900
During this process, many 
evenings, they make little 

2600
02:23:33,900 --> 02:23:36,700
visible progress. 
They might spend hours 

2601
02:23:36,700 --> 02:23:40,300
perfecting a single joint or 
debating, the optimal placement 

2602
02:23:40,300 --> 02:23:42,600
of a strut. 
They never rush ahead. 

2603
02:23:42,600 --> 02:23:46,400
Never cut Corners to save time. 
Speed matters. 

2604
02:23:46,400 --> 02:23:48,600
Less than getting every detail. 
Exactly. 

2605
02:23:48,600 --> 02:23:52,100
Right. 
There bicycle business taught 

2606
02:23:52,100 --> 02:23:54,300
them. 
This principle thoroughly a 

2607
02:23:54,300 --> 02:23:56,900
customer whose wheel comes 
loose, due to sloppy work will 

2608
02:23:56,900 --> 02:24:00,800
never return. 
A pilot whose glider fails due 

2609
02:24:00,800 --> 02:24:03,100
to poor construction. 
Might not survive. 

2610
02:24:05,300 --> 02:24:09,000
As the glider takes shape, 
visitors to the bicycle shop. 

2611
02:24:09,000 --> 02:24:12,000
Sometimes Glimpse, the strange 
Contraption in the back room. 

2612
02:24:13,200 --> 02:24:16,300
Few asked questions curious 
about what the brothers of 

2613
02:24:16,300 --> 02:24:20,000
building the brothers answer 
politely but vaguely they 

2614
02:24:20,000 --> 02:24:22,400
described it as an experiment in
Aeronautics. 

2615
02:24:22,400 --> 02:24:24,700
They do not invite further 
questions. 

2616
02:24:24,700 --> 02:24:28,200
They have no interest in 
publicity or skepticism at this 

2617
02:24:28,200 --> 02:24:30,600
stage. 
They simply want to solve the 

2618
02:24:30,600 --> 02:24:33,000
problem of flight without 
interference or pressure. 

2619
02:24:34,200 --> 02:24:36,600
By early September, the glider 
is ready. 

2620
02:24:37,200 --> 02:24:40,900
It weighs less than 50 pounds 
but measures 17 feet across the 

2621
02:24:40,900 --> 02:24:45,300
wings, the brothers of it to be 
as light as possible while still

2622
02:24:45,300 --> 02:24:46,900
maintaining structural 
integrity. 

2623
02:24:47,900 --> 02:24:51,100
Disassembled, it fits into large
wooden crates that can be 

2624
02:24:51,100 --> 02:24:54,500
shipped by rail. 
Every component is carefully 

2625
02:24:54,500 --> 02:24:56,900
packed to prevent damage during 
transport. 

2626
02:24:57,700 --> 02:25:00,400
The brothers booked passage on a
train heading south. 

2627
02:25:00,400 --> 02:25:04,400
They bring tools spare materials
and tent for camping. 

2628
02:25:05,200 --> 02:25:08,600
They bring enough food supplies 
to last several weeks, they tell

2629
02:25:08,600 --> 02:25:10,600
friends and family. 
They are taking a working 

2630
02:25:10,600 --> 02:25:14,600
vacation to test new ideas. 
They give the bicycle shop to 

2631
02:25:14,600 --> 02:25:17,900
their assistance, to mine during
their absence, they depart 

2632
02:25:17,900 --> 02:25:21,600
Dayton on September 6th, 1900 
Bound for adventure. 

2633
02:25:22,500 --> 02:25:25,200
The journey to Kitty Hawk proves
more difficult than expected. 

2634
02:25:25,200 --> 02:25:29,100
The train takes them as far as 
Elizabeth City, North Carolina, 

2635
02:25:30,100 --> 02:25:33,200
From there, they must find boat 
passage across album miles, 

2636
02:25:33,200 --> 02:25:36,300
south to the Outer Banks, the 
locals either. 

2637
02:25:36,300 --> 02:25:38,700
These two lean Yankees with 
Frank curiosity. 

2638
02:25:39,700 --> 02:25:42,700
City men with soft hands. 
Do not usually venture to the 

2639
02:25:42,700 --> 02:25:45,300
isolated fishing community on 
the Barrier Islands. 

2640
02:25:46,500 --> 02:25:49,400
A few visitors who do come are 
usually sport fishermen with 

2641
02:25:49,400 --> 02:25:53,200
expensive gear. 
Eventually they secure transport

2642
02:25:53,200 --> 02:25:56,200
on a small schooner. 
The captain agrees to carry them

2643
02:25:56,200 --> 02:25:59,100
in their cargo across the sound 
for a reasonable fee. 

2644
02:25:59,900 --> 02:26:04,200
The Crossing proves rougher than
anticipated, September storms of

2645
02:26:04,200 --> 02:26:07,900
stirred up the water waves slap 
against the wooden Hull, as the 

2646
02:26:07,900 --> 02:26:10,100
boat, makes its way across the 
choppy surface. 

2647
02:26:10,100 --> 02:26:13,900
The brothers clutch, their 
Precious Cargo hoping, the 

2648
02:26:13,900 --> 02:26:17,500
crates remain dry and secure. 
The captain shakes his head at 

2649
02:26:17,500 --> 02:26:20,800
their destination. 
Kitty Hawk offers little Beyond 

2650
02:26:20,800 --> 02:26:25,300
wind and sand and mosquitoes. 
Why would anyone choose to go 

2651
02:26:25,300 --> 02:26:27,900
there? 
They arrived to find the reports

2652
02:26:27,900 --> 02:26:32,200
accurate in every detail. 
Wind sweeps, constantly across 

2653
02:26:32,200 --> 02:26:35,100
the dunes, never ceasing, even 
for a moment. 

2654
02:26:35,900 --> 02:26:38,900
The village consists of a 
handful of whether wooden houses

2655
02:26:38,900 --> 02:26:42,000
occupied by families, who make 
their living from fishing in the

2656
02:26:42,000 --> 02:26:45,500
sound and ocean. 
The train is exactly what they 

2657
02:26:45,500 --> 02:26:49,700
need for gliding experiments. 
Miles of empty Beach, stretch in

2658
02:26:49,700 --> 02:26:53,400
both directions. 
Sandy Dunes rise and falls in 

2659
02:26:53,400 --> 02:26:55,900
gentle. 
Slopes the isolation is 

2660
02:26:55,900 --> 02:26:58,600
complete. 
The brother set up camp near the

2661
02:26:58,600 --> 02:27:01,600
beach pitching their tent on 
level ground behind a protective

2662
02:27:01,600 --> 02:27:04,000
Dune. 
They arrange their supplies 

2663
02:27:04,000 --> 02:27:07,900
carefully, protecting everything
from the ever-present sand. the 

2664
02:27:07,900 --> 02:27:10,800
mosquitoes prove as Fierce as 
the weather reports suggested 

2665
02:27:10,800 --> 02:27:13,700
they would At night, the insect 
swarms. 

2666
02:27:13,700 --> 02:27:16,600
So thickly that sleep becomes 
nearly impossible. 

2667
02:27:17,400 --> 02:27:20,500
The brothers joke grimly about 
being eaten alive before they 

2668
02:27:20,500 --> 02:27:23,800
can test their glider, they 
burn, smudge fires to drive 

2669
02:27:23,800 --> 02:27:25,200
away. 
The worst of the mosquito 

2670
02:27:25,200 --> 02:27:28,900
clouds, they cover themselves 
completely despite the warmth, 

2671
02:27:28,900 --> 02:27:32,100
they spend several days 
assembling the machine and 

2672
02:27:32,100 --> 02:27:33,600
studying the local wind 
patterns. 

2673
02:27:34,500 --> 02:27:38,100
The work proceeds methodically 
each piece must fit together 

2674
02:27:38,100 --> 02:27:42,500
perfectly, they check every 
connection twice, they test the 

2675
02:27:42,500 --> 02:27:45,400
wing warping mechanism 
repeatedly before trusting it 

2676
02:27:46,200 --> 02:27:48,700
The winds, blow strongest in the
late morning and early 

2677
02:27:48,700 --> 02:27:51,000
afternoon. 
Then diminished some what in the

2678
02:27:51,000 --> 02:27:54,700
evening the dunes offer natural 
launching points of various 

2679
02:27:54,700 --> 02:27:58,700
Heights, allowing them to start 
with gentle slopes and work up 

2680
02:27:58,700 --> 02:28:02,200
to steeper ones. 
Local residents, begin to visit 

2681
02:28:02,200 --> 02:28:06,200
their Camp drawn by curiosity 
about the strange Contraption. 

2682
02:28:06,200 --> 02:28:10,100
Taking shape the Tate family 
proves a specialty friendly. 

2683
02:28:10,900 --> 02:28:13,900
Bill Tate and his wife Addie 
live nearby with their children.

2684
02:28:13,900 --> 02:28:17,400
They provide food and advice 
about living on the Outer Banks.

2685
02:28:18,200 --> 02:28:19,500
Bill offers to help with the 
work. 

2686
02:28:19,500 --> 02:28:23,100
The children watch with wide 
eyes as the Wings come together.

2687
02:28:23,100 --> 02:28:26,300
No one in Kitty orc. 
Has ever seen anything remotely 

2688
02:28:26,300 --> 02:28:29,400
like this machine. 
The brothers, explain their 

2689
02:28:29,400 --> 02:28:31,800
conducting experiments with 
flying machines. 

2690
02:28:31,800 --> 02:28:36,400
The locals nod politely clearly 
thinking these City fellows of 

2691
02:28:36,408 --> 02:28:40,100
lost their minds. 
But they offer help anyway, as 

2692
02:28:40,100 --> 02:28:43,800
is the custom in these small 
communities, build tape proves 

2693
02:28:43,800 --> 02:28:47,200
particularly useful. 
He knows how to work in the 

2694
02:28:47,200 --> 02:28:50,600
constant wind, he understands 
how to Anchor things against 

2695
02:28:50,600 --> 02:28:54,200
sudden gusts, His practical 
knowledge, complements, the 

2696
02:28:54,200 --> 02:28:55,900
brothers theoretical 
understanding. 

2697
02:28:56,900 --> 02:29:00,400
Finally on a clear October day, 
the glider is ready for its 

2698
02:29:00,400 --> 02:29:03,500
first test. 
The Brothers, carry it carefully

2699
02:29:03,500 --> 02:29:06,000
to a suitable Due about 100 feet
high. 

2700
02:29:06,700 --> 02:29:09,200
The wind blows steadily and 
strong from the north. 

2701
02:29:10,000 --> 02:29:13,500
They will start with unmanned 
flights to test the basic design

2702
02:29:13,500 --> 02:29:17,900
before risking a human pilot. 
They attached control lines to 

2703
02:29:17,900 --> 02:29:21,400
the glider, like a giant kite, 
they launched it into the wind 

2704
02:29:21,400 --> 02:29:26,000
controling, it from the ground. 
The machine saws immediately, it

2705
02:29:26,000 --> 02:29:29,200
climbs higher above the Dune, 
riding the air currents with 

2706
02:29:29,200 --> 02:29:33,700
surprising Grace, The brothers 
watch intently calling out 

2707
02:29:33,700 --> 02:29:36,800
observations to each other. 
The wing shape, generates 

2708
02:29:36,800 --> 02:29:40,700
sufficient lift exactly as their
calculations predicted. 

2709
02:29:41,500 --> 02:29:44,700
The control system responds 
smoothly to inputs on the lines,

2710
02:29:44,700 --> 02:29:47,300
the glider settles back to Earth
gently. 

2711
02:29:47,300 --> 02:29:51,400
When they release tension they 
whoop with excitement grinning 

2712
02:29:51,400 --> 02:29:53,300
at each other like children with
a new toy. 

2713
02:29:54,300 --> 02:29:57,300
Over the following days they 
conduct dozens of unmanned 

2714
02:29:57,300 --> 02:30:00,700
flights, they're just the wing 
angle watching how it affects 

2715
02:30:00,700 --> 02:30:03,700
performance. 
They modify the control cables 

2716
02:30:03,700 --> 02:30:07,300
testing different tensions, they
learn how the glider responds to

2717
02:30:07,300 --> 02:30:11,200
varying, wind conditions, each 
flight provides valuable data 

2718
02:30:11,200 --> 02:30:13,700
that refines their 
understanding, they fill 

2719
02:30:13,700 --> 02:30:16,800
notebooks with observations and 
measurements, they sketch 

2720
02:30:16,800 --> 02:30:20,700
diagram showing flight paths. 
They calculate lift and drag 

2721
02:30:20,700 --> 02:30:24,300
coefficient based on what they 
observe, the time comes for 

2722
02:30:24,300 --> 02:30:26,800
manned flight. 
The moment they have been 

2723
02:30:26,800 --> 02:30:30,500
building toward will go first as
the older brother. 

2724
02:30:31,300 --> 02:30:34,500
He positioned himself carefully 
on the lower wing gripping. 

2725
02:30:34,500 --> 02:30:37,900
The control cradle with his 
hips, his hands grasped, the 

2726
02:30:37,900 --> 02:30:40,300
elevator control, that will 
pitch the nose up or down. 

2727
02:30:41,300 --> 02:30:44,400
Oval and Bill Tate, hold the 
glider steady Against the Wind. 

2728
02:30:45,100 --> 02:30:48,800
Will be takes a deep breath. 
Feeling the wind rushing past. 

2729
02:30:48,800 --> 02:30:51,500
He gives the signal, they 
released the glider. 

2730
02:30:51,500 --> 02:30:54,900
It lifts immediately carrying 
Wilbur into the air above the 

2731
02:30:54,900 --> 02:30:57,600
sand. 
He flies, only a few feet above 

2732
02:30:57,600 --> 02:31:01,000
the ground travelling, perhaps 
20 feet before settling back 

2733
02:31:01,000 --> 02:31:05,200
onto the soft surface. 
But those few seconds, change 

2734
02:31:05,200 --> 02:31:08,600
everything in his perception. 
He is controlled a heavier than 

2735
02:31:08,600 --> 02:31:11,800
air machine in flight. 
The sensation is unlike 

2736
02:31:11,800 --> 02:31:14,500
anything. 
He has experienced before the 

2737
02:31:14,500 --> 02:31:19,200
wind rushing past, the ground is
sliding beneath the delicate 

2738
02:31:19,200 --> 02:31:21,300
balance of forces, holding him a
lot. 

2739
02:31:22,200 --> 02:31:25,700
They make several more Glides 
that after noon, each flight 

2740
02:31:25,700 --> 02:31:29,200
lasts a bit longer as Wilbur's 
to feel the machine's responses.

2741
02:31:30,000 --> 02:31:33,000
He discovers that tiny movements
produced larger effects. 

2742
02:31:33,800 --> 02:31:36,200
The controls require a delicate 
touch. 

2743
02:31:36,200 --> 02:31:40,700
Over-controlling leads to 
dangerous oscillations, he 

2744
02:31:40,700 --> 02:31:44,100
begins to develop an intuitive 
sense for what the glider needs 

2745
02:31:44,100 --> 02:31:47,200
responding to cues. 
He cannot fully articulate. 

2746
02:31:47,900 --> 02:31:51,600
Orville takes his turn as well. 
Is lighter weight allows 

2747
02:31:51,600 --> 02:31:54,800
slightly longer flights. 
He approaches the controls 

2748
02:31:54,800 --> 02:31:57,400
differently than Wilbur with 
smaller movements and more 

2749
02:31:57,400 --> 02:32:00,100
patients. 
The brothers learn from watching

2750
02:32:00,100 --> 02:32:02,700
each other noting. 
What techniques work best? 

2751
02:32:03,500 --> 02:32:06,700
They discuss what they felt 
during each flight, comparing 

2752
02:32:06,700 --> 02:32:09,100
experiences and building a 
shared understanding. 

2753
02:32:10,600 --> 02:32:15,000
The 1900 season at Kitty Hawk 
lasts, only a few weeks, whether

2754
02:32:15,000 --> 02:32:18,600
deteriorates in late October 
bringing rain and stronger, 

2755
02:32:18,600 --> 02:32:20,500
winds than the glider can safely
handle. 

2756
02:32:20,500 --> 02:32:23,800
The brothers pack up their 
equipment and arrange, passage 

2757
02:32:23,800 --> 02:32:26,600
back to the mainland. 
They have proven their basic 

2758
02:32:26,600 --> 02:32:29,800
concepts work, they have learned
an enormous amount about 

2759
02:32:29,800 --> 02:32:33,100
practical flying that they have 
all discovered significant 

2760
02:32:33,100 --> 02:32:36,500
problems that need solving. 
The glider does not perform 

2761
02:32:36,500 --> 02:32:39,800
quite as well as Lillian Falls 
published data suggested, it 

2762
02:32:39,800 --> 02:32:42,600
should The lift is less than 
expected. 

2763
02:32:42,600 --> 02:32:45,600
The machine feels less stable 
than they hoped. 

2764
02:32:47,000 --> 02:32:50,400
Scrap and sees trouble Wilbur 
either their construction has 

2765
02:32:50,400 --> 02:32:54,900
flaws, or the published 
aeronautical data is wrong, they

2766
02:32:54,900 --> 02:32:57,300
need to determine which before 
proceeding further. 

2767
02:32:58,100 --> 02:33:01,200
You stand with the brothers on a
gentle Hill outside Dayton. 

2768
02:33:01,200 --> 02:33:05,700
In the spring of 1901, the wind 
picks up rustling through the 

2769
02:33:05,700 --> 02:33:07,600
new grass and tugging at your 
clothes. 

2770
02:33:08,500 --> 02:33:11,300
Wilbur holds a small kite made 
of wood and fabric. 

2771
02:33:11,300 --> 02:33:15,900
It is not a toy, but a precise 
testing device designed to help 

2772
02:33:15,900 --> 02:33:17,900
them. 
Understand how Wings behave in 

2773
02:33:17,900 --> 02:33:19,300
moving are under control 
conditions. 

2774
02:33:21,200 --> 02:33:23,500
The brothers have been 
conducting these experiments for

2775
02:33:23,500 --> 02:33:26,900
months now, fitting them in 
between bicycle shop duties, 

2776
02:33:26,900 --> 02:33:30,100
each outing, teachers them 
something new about the subtle 

2777
02:33:30,100 --> 02:33:33,200
nature of flight. 
Today they focus on Wing 

2778
02:33:33,200 --> 02:33:35,800
warping. 
The technique will be discovered

2779
02:33:35,800 --> 02:33:38,300
by absently twisting that 
cardboard box. 

2780
02:33:39,100 --> 02:33:42,400
The concept seems simple. 
At first reality, proves more 

2781
02:33:42,400 --> 02:33:45,500
complex oval releases, the kite 
into the wind. 

2782
02:33:45,500 --> 02:33:49,000
It climbs rapidly pulling 
against the control lines with 

2783
02:33:49,000 --> 02:33:51,300
surprising 4S. 
Wilbur. 

2784
02:33:51,300 --> 02:33:54,500
Manipulates the strings. 
Warping the wings through the 

2785
02:33:54,500 --> 02:33:56,800
mechanism. 
They have built into the test 

2786
02:33:56,800 --> 02:34:00,000
platform. 
The kite responds immediately 

2787
02:34:00,000 --> 02:34:03,900
banking left and then right with
graceful precision. 

2788
02:34:04,800 --> 02:34:07,700
They can control its movement 
with remarkable accuracy. 

2789
02:34:07,700 --> 02:34:11,600
This validation feels 
satisfying, after months of 

2790
02:34:11,600 --> 02:34:16,200
theoretical work, They take 
turns flying the Kite making 

2791
02:34:16,200 --> 02:34:19,300
detailed notes about how 
different wind speeds affect his

2792
02:34:19,300 --> 02:34:21,700
behavior. 
They measure angles with a 

2793
02:34:21,700 --> 02:34:24,200
protractor they calculate 
forces. 

2794
02:34:24,200 --> 02:34:27,500
Based on the pool of the 
strings, they repeat tests until

2795
02:34:27,500 --> 02:34:30,200
they are completely satisfied 
with their understanding. 

2796
02:34:31,100 --> 02:34:34,300
This methodical approach 
defines, everything they do, 

2797
02:34:34,300 --> 02:34:37,400
whether working on bicycles or 
flying machines. 

2798
02:34:38,500 --> 02:34:41,600
The search for a better testing 
site remains urgent. 

2799
02:34:42,400 --> 02:34:45,800
Dayton offers neither the steady
wins nor the forgiving terrain 

2800
02:34:45,800 --> 02:34:47,300
they need for serious glider 
work. 

2801
02:34:48,300 --> 02:34:50,900
The brothers need somewhere, 
they can fly a full-size machine

2802
02:34:50,900 --> 02:34:54,900
safely for extended periods. 
Somewhere remote enough that 

2803
02:34:54,900 --> 02:34:58,400
failures will not attract 
unwanted, tension from skeptical

2804
02:34:58,400 --> 02:35:01,200
newspapers. 
Somewhere with wind patterns 

2805
02:35:01,200 --> 02:35:03,500
that remain consistent enough 
for systematic. 

2806
02:35:03,500 --> 02:35:07,300
Experimentation. 
The 1901 return to Kitty. 

2807
02:35:07,300 --> 02:35:09,400
Hawk happens in July the 
brothers. 

2808
02:35:09,400 --> 02:35:12,300
Bring an improved glider based 
on hard lessons from the 

2809
02:35:12,300 --> 02:35:15,300
previous year. 
This version has larger Wings 

2810
02:35:15,300 --> 02:35:18,700
spanning 22 feet. 
The wing area is nearly double 

2811
02:35:18,700 --> 02:35:21,500
the first machine. 
The brothers, believe more Wing 

2812
02:35:21,500 --> 02:35:24,600
area will generate more, lift 
allowing longer flights. 

2813
02:35:25,400 --> 02:35:27,900
They have also refined the 
control system based on their 

2814
02:35:27,900 --> 02:35:30,900
practical experience. 
The journey South has become 

2815
02:35:30,900 --> 02:35:33,600
familiar. 
Now the train to Elizabeth City,

2816
02:35:33,600 --> 02:35:37,600
the boat is a cross, the sound 
the arrival at the isolated 

2817
02:35:37,600 --> 02:35:40,900
fishing Village, the Tate's, 
welcome them back warmly. 

2818
02:35:41,600 --> 02:35:44,400
Bill helps them establish a 
better camp this year. 

2819
02:35:44,400 --> 02:35:47,800
They build a wooden shed to 
house the glider and protect it 

2820
02:35:47,800 --> 02:35:49,600
from the Salt Air and blowing 
sand. 

2821
02:35:49,600 --> 02:35:53,100
The structure also provides 
Refuge from the Relentless 

2822
02:35:53,100 --> 02:35:56,400
mosquitoes that made sleep. 
So difficult, the previous year 

2823
02:35:56,400 --> 02:36:01,100
the shed becomes their base of 
operations, 16 feet long and 

2824
02:36:01,100 --> 02:36:05,000
wide enough to accommodate the 
assembled glider They install a 

2825
02:36:05,000 --> 02:36:06,500
stove for cooking and heating 
water. 

2826
02:36:06,500 --> 02:36:09,900
They hang their tools on the 
walls and organized rows. 

2827
02:36:09,900 --> 02:36:13,100
They create a workspace that 
allows them to make adjustments 

2828
02:36:13,100 --> 02:36:16,700
and repairs efficiently. 
The transformation from camping 

2829
02:36:16,700 --> 02:36:19,600
to something more permanent, 
reflects their commitment to 

2830
02:36:19,600 --> 02:36:21,400
solving the flight problem 
completely. 

2831
02:36:22,300 --> 02:36:25,600
Assembly of the new glider takes
several days of careful work. 

2832
02:36:25,600 --> 02:36:29,800
Every joint must be perfect. 
Every wire must be properly, 

2833
02:36:29,800 --> 02:36:32,300
tensioned. 
They check and double check each

2834
02:36:32,300 --> 02:36:34,300
connection before declaring the 
machine ready. 

2835
02:36:35,200 --> 02:36:37,200
The completed Glide is beautiful
in. 

2836
02:36:37,200 --> 02:36:40,200
Its functional simplicity. 
Clean lines. 

2837
02:36:40,200 --> 02:36:43,700
Efficient structure? 
No wasted material or 

2838
02:36:43,700 --> 02:36:46,900
complexity. 
The improved Glide of performs 

2839
02:36:46,900 --> 02:36:50,200
beautifully in early tests. 
The increased Wing area. 

2840
02:36:50,200 --> 02:36:53,900
Generates impressive, Lyft 
Wilbur makes flights that far 

2841
02:36:53,900 --> 02:36:55,600
exceed. 
Anything achieved the previous 

2842
02:36:55,600 --> 02:36:58,100
year. 
He Glides for distances 

2843
02:36:58,100 --> 02:37:02,600
approaching 300 feet. 
He stays Airborne for 15 seconds

2844
02:37:02,600 --> 02:37:05,400
or more. 
The machine feels more stable 

2845
02:37:05,400 --> 02:37:07,200
and predictable than their first
attempt. 

2846
02:37:07,200 --> 02:37:09,800
The brothers congratulate 
themselves on their 

2847
02:37:09,800 --> 02:37:12,600
improvements. 
But problems emerge as they push

2848
02:37:12,600 --> 02:37:15,400
the limits of performance. 
The glider. 

2849
02:37:15,400 --> 02:37:18,300
Sometimes behaves unpredictably 
at certain speeds and angles 

2850
02:37:18,300 --> 02:37:21,700
will suddenly pitch up or down 
without clear Kors. 

2851
02:37:21,700 --> 02:37:25,000
It occasionally enters alarming 
spins that require quick 

2852
02:37:25,000 --> 02:37:28,800
reactions to escape The brothers
observe these moments with 

2853
02:37:28,800 --> 02:37:32,000
intense Focus trying to 
understand what triggers the 

2854
02:37:32,000 --> 02:37:35,400
instability. 
One issue particularly troubles 

2855
02:37:35,400 --> 02:37:37,600
them. 
When they use the wing warping 

2856
02:37:37,600 --> 02:37:41,500
mechanism to initiate a term 
that glider sometimes responds 

2857
02:37:41,500 --> 02:37:45,300
backward, in stead of banking 
smoothly in the desired 

2858
02:37:45,300 --> 02:37:49,500
Direction, it slows sideways, or
even turns, the opposite way. 

2859
02:37:50,800 --> 02:37:55,400
the brothers call this effect 
adverse your understanding and 

2860
02:37:55,400 --> 02:37:58,600
correcting, it becomes crucial 
to achieving safe, controlled 

2861
02:37:58,600 --> 02:38:01,000
flight. 
They spend entire days 

2862
02:38:01,000 --> 02:38:03,300
conducting systematic 
experiments. 

2863
02:38:03,300 --> 02:38:07,400
They adjust the wing warping 
angles manually, testing each 

2864
02:38:07,400 --> 02:38:10,400
variation. 
They modify the tail surfaces 

2865
02:38:10,400 --> 02:38:13,500
trying to different sizes and 
shapes, they experiment with 

2866
02:38:13,500 --> 02:38:15,000
different positions. 
For the pilots. 

2867
02:38:15,000 --> 02:38:18,600
Wait each change. 
Produces new data to record 

2868
02:38:18,600 --> 02:38:21,900
analyze. 
The process is painstaking, but 

2869
02:38:21,900 --> 02:38:26,100
absolutely necessary for 
Progress Orville takes his turns

2870
02:38:26,100 --> 02:38:28,300
piloting with a lighter touch 
than Wilbur. 

2871
02:38:28,800 --> 02:38:31,100
Who makes smaller adjustments to
the controls? 

2872
02:38:31,100 --> 02:38:34,200
Waiting to see the machines 
response before adding more 

2873
02:38:34,200 --> 02:38:37,400
input. 
His flights often lasts longer 

2874
02:38:37,400 --> 02:38:39,200
as a result of this patient 
approach. 

2875
02:38:40,000 --> 02:38:42,500
The brothers learn from watching
each other noting. 

2876
02:38:42,500 --> 02:38:44,300
What? 
Techniques work best in 

2877
02:38:44,300 --> 02:38:47,800
different conditions. 
They discuss each flight after 

2878
02:38:47,800 --> 02:38:50,800
an in detail, comparing what 
they felt and observed. 

2879
02:38:52,100 --> 02:38:55,200
The local residents of grown 
accustomed to the strange sight 

2880
02:38:55,200 --> 02:38:59,000
of men flying over the dunes 
children from the village come 

2881
02:38:59,000 --> 02:39:00,600
to watch the experiments 
regularly. 

2882
02:39:00,600 --> 02:39:04,500
Now they cheer when flights go 
well and run to help when the 

2883
02:39:04,500 --> 02:39:08,100
glider crashes into the sand. 
They asked questions about how 

2884
02:39:08,100 --> 02:39:11,600
the Machine Works, the Wright. 
Brothers have become accepted as

2885
02:39:11,600 --> 02:39:15,100
eccentric, but harnessed 
fixtures of the community part 

2886
02:39:15,100 --> 02:39:17,600
of the landscape, like the light
house and the life-saving 

2887
02:39:17,600 --> 02:39:21,000
station. 
Bill Tate continues to assist 

2888
02:39:21,000 --> 02:39:23,300
with the experiments. 
Whenever his fishing schedule 

2889
02:39:23,300 --> 02:39:26,400
allows, he helps carry the heavy
glider up. 

2890
02:39:26,400 --> 02:39:29,800
The dunes for launching, he 
offers observations about wind 

2891
02:39:29,800 --> 02:39:32,400
patterns based on his lifetime 
of living by the ocean. 

2892
02:39:33,300 --> 02:39:37,100
He notices things, the brothers 
Miss, like, subtle, shifts. 

2893
02:39:37,100 --> 02:39:41,600
In wind direction that Prestige,
larger changes, his practical 

2894
02:39:41,600 --> 02:39:44,000
knowledge, complements. 
Their theoretical understanding 

2895
02:39:44,000 --> 02:39:48,200
perfectly As weeks passed the 
brothers become genuinely 

2896
02:39:48,200 --> 02:39:50,800
skilled Pilots. 
They learned to launch in 

2897
02:39:50,800 --> 02:39:53,800
various wind conditions, 
adjusting their technique to 

2898
02:39:53,800 --> 02:39:57,500
match the circumstances, they 
can control the glider through 

2899
02:39:57,500 --> 02:40:01,000
gentle turns, without losing 
much altitude, they can judge 

2900
02:40:01,008 --> 02:40:04,500
when to land before conditions 
become dangerous, they develop 

2901
02:40:04,500 --> 02:40:07,100
an intuitive feel for reading 
the invisible, rivers and 

2902
02:40:07,100 --> 02:40:09,000
currents of air that support 
their flights. 

2903
02:40:09,000 --> 02:40:12,500
But they all recognize the 
fundamental limitations of 

2904
02:40:12,500 --> 02:40:16,100
gliding even their best flights.
Last only a minute or so. 

2905
02:40:16,100 --> 02:40:20,000
Before gravity inevitably wins 
they can only fly downhill 

2906
02:40:20,000 --> 02:40:22,000
trading precious altitude for 
distance. 

2907
02:40:22,900 --> 02:40:27,700
To achieve True Flight sustained
flight, they need power, they 

2908
02:40:27,700 --> 02:40:30,600
need an engine that can overcome
drag and maintain altitude 

2909
02:40:30,600 --> 02:40:33,600
indefinitely. 
They need to transform their 

2910
02:40:33,600 --> 02:40:35,500
glider into a proper flying 
machine. 

2911
02:40:35,500 --> 02:40:40,200
The 1901 season ends in August 
with deeply mixed feelings. 

2912
02:40:40,200 --> 02:40:43,500
They have made tremendous 
progress in understanding 

2913
02:40:43,500 --> 02:40:45,800
control and building their 
piloting skills. 

2914
02:40:47,100 --> 02:40:48,900
Yet. 
They have also discovered that 

2915
02:40:48,900 --> 02:40:51,600
the published data on air 
pressure and Wing design 

2916
02:40:51,600 --> 02:40:56,200
contains serious errors. 
The Lillian tables, they relied 

2917
02:40:56,200 --> 02:41:00,200
on a fundamentally flawed. 
The coefficients are wrong. 

2918
02:41:01,000 --> 02:41:03,400
The calculations do not match 
reality. 

2919
02:41:03,400 --> 02:41:06,400
This Revelation shakes will to 
his core. 

2920
02:41:06,400 --> 02:41:09,900
If the existing aeronautical 
data is wrong, they cannot 

2921
02:41:09,900 --> 02:41:13,700
simply refine known designs. 
They must start from scratch 

2922
02:41:13,700 --> 02:41:17,500
conducting their own research to
determine the correct principles

2923
02:41:17,500 --> 02:41:20,900
of lift and drag. 
The challenge is grown far 

2924
02:41:20,900 --> 02:41:23,600
larger than they imagined when 
they started this journey. 

2925
02:41:24,600 --> 02:41:27,700
They feel simultaneously 
discouraged and energized. 

2926
02:41:28,700 --> 02:41:31,500
They returned to date. 
And as summer, Fade Into Autumn 

2927
02:41:31,500 --> 02:41:36,100
The Familiar bicycle shop, aways
as does the difficult work of 

2928
02:41:36,100 --> 02:41:38,500
questioning everything they 
thought they knew about 

2929
02:41:38,500 --> 02:41:41,800
aeronautics. 
Wilbur falls into a brief 

2930
02:41:41,800 --> 02:41:45,000
depression, doubting whether 
flight will ever be achieved in 

2931
02:41:45,000 --> 02:41:48,200
their lifetime. 
Orville remains more optimistic,

2932
02:41:48,200 --> 02:41:52,200
convinced that systematic 
experimentation will reveal the 

2933
02:41:52,200 --> 02:41:54,800
truth. 
Other experimenters might have 

2934
02:41:54,800 --> 02:41:57,800
given up at this point. 
The realization that all 

2935
02:41:57,800 --> 02:42:01,100
published data is unreliable 
would discouragement most 

2936
02:42:01,100 --> 02:42:04,900
people, But the Wright brothers,
simply adjust their approach. 

2937
02:42:04,900 --> 02:42:08,500
If they cannot trust others 
research, they will conduct 

2938
02:42:08,500 --> 02:42:11,200
their own, if existing theories 
are wrong. 

2939
02:42:11,200 --> 02:42:14,800
They will develop correct ones. 
The problem is simply larger 

2940
02:42:14,800 --> 02:42:19,100
than they thought the solution 
will require more work, so be 

2941
02:42:19,100 --> 02:42:21,700
it. 
Winter in Dayton brings a new 

2942
02:42:21,708 --> 02:42:25,300
phase of intensive research. 
The brothers decide to build a 

2943
02:42:25,300 --> 02:42:28,300
wind tunnel in the shop. 
This device will let them test 

2944
02:42:28,300 --> 02:42:30,900
different Wing shapes under 
control conditions without 

2945
02:42:30,900 --> 02:42:34,200
traveling to Kitty Hawk, they 
can gather accurate data 

2946
02:42:34,200 --> 02:42:38,000
year-round regardless of whether
they can conducts of 

2947
02:42:38,000 --> 02:42:40,000
experiments. 
In the time, it would take to do

2948
02:42:40,000 --> 02:42:42,800
a few field tests. 
The wind tunnel design is 

2949
02:42:42,800 --> 02:42:47,300
elegant in its simplicity A 
wooden box, six feet long with a

2950
02:42:47,300 --> 02:42:51,100
glass viewing top. 
Fan one end pushes air through 

2951
02:42:51,100 --> 02:42:53,500
the rectangular chamber at known
speeds. 

2952
02:42:54,300 --> 02:42:57,600
Inside they mount small wing 
models on a delicate balance 

2953
02:42:57,600 --> 02:43:00,200
mechanism that measures lift and
drag forces. 

2954
02:43:00,200 --> 02:43:03,700
The entire operators cost less 
than constructing. 

2955
02:43:03,700 --> 02:43:06,400
A good bicycle yet. 
It will prove more valuable than

2956
02:43:06,400 --> 02:43:09,900
any tool they have ever owned. 
You would hardly recognize this 

2957
02:43:09,900 --> 02:43:12,900
crew device as the instrument 
that will unlock fundamental 

2958
02:43:12,900 --> 02:43:16,500
secrets of flight. 
Yet, over the next months, the 

2959
02:43:16,500 --> 02:43:19,600
brothers, test over 200 
different Wing shapes in 

2960
02:43:19,600 --> 02:43:22,600
meticulous detail. 
They measure how curves and 

2961
02:43:22,600 --> 02:43:26,300
thickness affect performance. 
They discover which designs 

2962
02:43:26,300 --> 02:43:28,700
generate the most lift with the 
least drag. 

2963
02:43:28,700 --> 02:43:32,200
They determine the optimal angle
of attack for different speeds. 

2964
02:43:32,200 --> 02:43:35,500
They accumulate data that no 
other researcher possesses. 

2965
02:43:35,500 --> 02:43:39,700
The work is tedious beyond 
belief, requiring monk like 

2966
02:43:39,700 --> 02:43:43,900
patience each test requires 
careful setup and precise 

2967
02:43:43,900 --> 02:43:47,000
measurement. 
Single wing shape might need 20 

2968
02:43:47,000 --> 02:43:50,600
tests at different speeds, and 
angles, the brothers, take turns

2969
02:43:50,600 --> 02:43:53,100
operating the tunnel and 
recording data in neat columns. 

2970
02:43:53,100 --> 02:43:57,600
They work late into cold, winter
nights the shop heated by a 

2971
02:43:57,600 --> 02:44:00,300
small coal stove. 
Their breath visible in the 

2972
02:44:00,308 --> 02:44:03,600
Chilean are their fingers grown 
numb, from the cold that they 

2973
02:44:03,608 --> 02:44:07,000
continue working. 
The wind tunnel reveals truth 

2974
02:44:07,000 --> 02:44:09,900
that no amount of outdoor 
experimentation could have shown

2975
02:44:09,900 --> 02:44:13,400
with such clarity. 
The brothers discover that long,

2976
02:44:13,400 --> 02:44:16,300
narrow Wings performed 
dramatically better than short 

2977
02:44:16,300 --> 02:44:20,800
wide ones for a given Wing area.
They learning exactly how much 

2978
02:44:20,800 --> 02:44:22,700
curve a wing needs for optimal 
lift. 

2979
02:44:23,500 --> 02:44:26,000
Finding a sweet spot that 
maximizes efficiency. 

2980
02:44:27,300 --> 02:44:30,600
The identify the best angle of 
attack for different wind speeds

2981
02:44:30,600 --> 02:44:33,300
and loading conditions. 
They understand now. 

2982
02:44:33,300 --> 02:44:35,900
Why their gliders perform 
differently than Lillian? 

2983
02:44:35,900 --> 02:44:40,400
Thales data predicted by Spring 
of 1902, they possess knowledge 

2984
02:44:40,400 --> 02:44:43,200
about aerodynamics that 
surpasses anything published 

2985
02:44:43,200 --> 02:44:46,600
anywhere in the world. 
They've corrected all the errors

2986
02:44:46,600 --> 02:44:50,200
in the Lillian fell tables and 
created their own comprehensive 

2987
02:44:50,200 --> 02:44:53,500
tables based on solid 
experimental evidence. 

2988
02:44:54,300 --> 02:44:56,900
They understand Wing design a 
fundamental level. 

2989
02:44:56,900 --> 02:44:59,200
That no other researcher has 
achieved. 

2990
02:44:59,200 --> 02:45:02,100
They are ready to build a new 
glider incorporating. 

2991
02:45:02,100 --> 02:45:05,300
These hardwood discoveries 1902 
glider. 

2992
02:45:05,300 --> 02:45:08,400
Represents a Quantum Leap 
Forward from previous attempts. 

2993
02:45:09,100 --> 02:45:12,000
Every Dimension has been 
calculated using their wind 

2994
02:45:12,000 --> 02:45:15,500
tunnel data rather than 
guesswork or borrowed numbers. 

2995
02:45:16,800 --> 02:45:20,100
The wings are longer and 
narrower, 32 ft to cross. 

2996
02:45:21,100 --> 02:45:24,000
Curve is precisely optimized to 
their measurements. 

2997
02:45:24,900 --> 02:45:28,200
Control surfaces have been 
completely redesigned by their 

2998
02:45:28,200 --> 02:45:32,000
understanding of adverse your 
and other stability issues. 

2999
02:45:32,700 --> 02:45:35,500
They returned to Kitty Hawk that
September with confidence 

3000
02:45:35,500 --> 02:45:39,100
bordering on certainly this 
machine will fly better than 

3001
02:45:39,100 --> 02:45:41,200
anything attempted before by 
anyone. 

3002
02:45:41,200 --> 02:45:46,500
They will achieve flights of 
significant duration and They 

3003
02:45:46,500 --> 02:45:48,500
will prove once, and for all 
that, controlled heavier, than 

3004
02:45:48,508 --> 02:45:52,300
air flight is not only possible,
but can be made practical and 

3005
02:45:52,300 --> 02:45:54,700
safe. 
The new glider exceeds, even 

3006
02:45:54,700 --> 02:45:58,000
their optimistic expectations 
from the very first flight 

3007
02:45:58,000 --> 02:46:02,600
Wilbur makes a Glide lasting 
over 30 seconds covering more 

3008
02:46:02,600 --> 02:46:06,300
than 500 feet. 
The controls respond exactly as 

3009
02:46:06,300 --> 02:46:09,700
their calculations predicted. 
They would the machine feels 

3010
02:46:09,700 --> 02:46:13,200
Rock Solid and predictable in 
the are there are no mysterious 

3011
02:46:13,200 --> 02:46:17,000
behaviors or alarming moments. 
Everything works precisely as 

3012
02:46:17,000 --> 02:46:21,000
designed Orville achieve similar
success when he takes his turns 

3013
02:46:21,000 --> 02:46:25,300
at the controls, The brothers. 
Alternators pilate's each flight

3014
02:46:25,300 --> 02:46:27,700
building their skills and 
confidence, systematically 

3015
02:46:27,700 --> 02:46:31,400
experiment with steeper. 
Launches from higher, June's 

3016
02:46:31,400 --> 02:46:36,200
attempt sharper, turns a fly in 
various wind conditions, from 

3017
02:46:36,200 --> 02:46:40,100
gentle, breezes to stiff wins. 
They begin to feel less like 

3018
02:46:40,100 --> 02:46:44,200
nervous experimenters and more 
like true pilots who understand 

3019
02:46:44,200 --> 02:46:48,000
their craft. 
The Breakthrough that validates 

3020
02:46:48,000 --> 02:46:51,000
all their work comes on a 
brilliantly, clear, October day.

3021
02:46:51,900 --> 02:46:55,200
Wilbur makes a flight that lasts
more than a minute and covers 

3022
02:46:55,200 --> 02:46:58,500
over 620 feet. 
He controls the glider. 

3023
02:46:58,500 --> 02:47:02,100
Through several turns, 
demonstrating complete Mastery. 

3024
02:47:02,100 --> 02:47:06,400
He lands smoothly, the machine 
settling onto the sand with 

3025
02:47:06,400 --> 02:47:09,600
barely a bump. 
The watching crowd of locals and

3026
02:47:09,600 --> 02:47:12,000
helpers erupts and spontaneous, 
cheers. 

3027
02:47:12,000 --> 02:47:15,900
The brothers, shake hands. 
Quietly not given to dramatic 

3028
02:47:15,900 --> 02:47:18,400
displays. 
They have proven their Concepts 

3029
02:47:18,400 --> 02:47:21,500
work flawlessly. 
They understand the principles 

3030
02:47:21,500 --> 02:47:23,900
of flight better than anyone 
alive on Earth. 

3031
02:47:24,400 --> 02:47:27,500
They can control a heavier than 
air machine with precision and 

3032
02:47:27,500 --> 02:47:31,600
consistent safety. 
Only one significant challenge 

3033
02:47:31,600 --> 02:47:34,400
remains ahead. 
They must add an engine and 

3034
02:47:34,400 --> 02:47:36,800
propellers to achieve sustained.
Powered flight. 

3035
02:47:38,000 --> 02:47:40,600
But before they can build a 
powered machine, they need to 

3036
02:47:40,600 --> 02:47:44,400
understand propellers, this 
proves to be another area where 

3037
02:47:44,400 --> 02:47:48,200
existing knowledgeable short. 
The brothers discover that 

3038
02:47:48,200 --> 02:47:51,300
virtually nothing useful has 
been published about propeller 

3039
02:47:51,300 --> 02:47:55,100
design Marine propellers work in
water, which behaves very 

3040
02:47:55,100 --> 02:47:57,700
differently from. 
Are the few are propeller 

3041
02:47:57,700 --> 02:48:00,400
designs that exist are based on 
pure guests work rather than 

3042
02:48:00,400 --> 02:48:03,400
science? 
They realized that a propeller 

3043
02:48:03,400 --> 02:48:06,900
is essentially a rotating wing. 
The same principles that 

3044
02:48:06,900 --> 02:48:09,600
governed fixed Wings should 
apply to spinning blades. 

3045
02:48:09,600 --> 02:48:12,800
This Insight allows them to 
approach propeller design 

3046
02:48:12,800 --> 02:48:15,300
systematically using their wind 
tunnel data. 

3047
02:48:16,200 --> 02:48:20,500
They can calculate the optimal 
shape pitch and diameter for 

3048
02:48:20,500 --> 02:48:24,100
this specific application. 
They can design propellers from 

3049
02:48:24,100 --> 02:48:26,700
first principles rather than 
trial and error. 

3050
02:48:27,700 --> 02:48:29,900
Your return. 
With the brothers to Kitty Hawk,

3051
02:48:29,900 --> 02:48:34,300
in September of 1903, The 
Familiar landscape welcomes. 

3052
02:48:34,300 --> 02:48:38,900
You Sandy Dunes rolling 
endlessly Beach Grass waving in 

3053
02:48:38,900 --> 02:48:42,500
constant wind the sound of waves
breaking on the shore. 

3054
02:48:42,500 --> 02:48:46,700
The Cry of gulls overhead. 
This place has become a second 

3055
02:48:46,700 --> 02:48:49,700
home to Wilburn Orville as 
familiar as Dayton. 

3056
02:48:49,700 --> 02:48:51,800
A camp has evolved 
significantly. 

3057
02:48:53,000 --> 02:48:56,600
The shed is larger this year 
expanded to accommodate, not 

3058
02:48:56,600 --> 02:48:59,400
just a glider, but also their 
new powered machine. 

3059
02:48:59,400 --> 02:49:02,100
They have installed a small 
Forge from metalworking. 

3060
02:49:02,100 --> 02:49:05,000
They have built a proper 
workbench for assembly and 

3061
02:49:05,000 --> 02:49:08,000
repairs. 
The setup resembles a 

3062
02:49:08,000 --> 02:49:10,800
professional research station. 
More than a casual camping trip.

3063
02:49:11,600 --> 02:49:14,700
The 1903 glider is brought along
Prime merely for training. 

3064
02:49:15,700 --> 02:49:18,600
The brothers want to log more 
flight hours building their 

3065
02:49:18,600 --> 02:49:21,700
piloting skills to Peak levels 
before attempting powered 

3066
02:49:21,700 --> 02:49:24,800
flight. 
They have made minor refinements

3067
02:49:24,800 --> 02:49:29,600
based on lessons from 1902. 
The basic design remains proven 

3068
02:49:29,600 --> 02:49:32,400
and reliable. 
They spend the first week simply

3069
02:49:32,400 --> 02:49:36,200
flying making dozens of Glides 
every day that weather permits. 

3070
02:49:36,900 --> 02:49:40,000
Wilburn Orville, take turns at 
the controls, pushing themselves

3071
02:49:40,000 --> 02:49:44,200
to master, every aspect of 
flight, They practice launching 

3072
02:49:44,200 --> 02:49:47,200
in Crosswinds. 
They work on making perfectly 

3073
02:49:47,200 --> 02:49:50,500
smooth, Landings. 
The experiment with tight turns 

3074
02:49:50,500 --> 02:49:53,300
and steep Banks. 
They build muscle memory and 

3075
02:49:53,300 --> 02:49:58,000
Instinct that will prove crucial
later, Dan Tate Bill's. 

3076
02:49:58,000 --> 02:50:01,100
Half-brother often helps with 
the gliding operations. 

3077
02:50:01,100 --> 02:50:04,400
He proves a depth at judging 
wind conditions and positioning 

3078
02:50:04,400 --> 02:50:07,500
the glider for optimal. 
Launches the brothers, value, 

3079
02:50:07,500 --> 02:50:09,200
his assistance, and practical 
knowledge. 

3080
02:50:09,200 --> 02:50:12,100
The locals are fully accepted 
the Wright Brothers. 

3081
02:50:12,100 --> 02:50:17,200
Now Strange, flying experiments 
have become part of kitty Hawk's

3082
02:50:17,200 --> 02:50:20,100
identity. 
One remarkable day in late 

3083
02:50:20,100 --> 02:50:23,900
September, the brothers make 
nearly 100 Glides in steady 

3084
02:50:23,900 --> 02:50:26,100
wins. 
They carry the glider up. 

3085
02:50:26,100 --> 02:50:33,300
The June launch fly land and 
carry it back up over and over 

3086
02:50:33,300 --> 02:50:36,208
without rest. 
There are arms ache from the 

3087
02:50:36,216 --> 02:50:39,800
effort but they can continue. 
Each flight adds to their 

3088
02:50:39,800 --> 02:50:43,300
understanding and confidence. 
They are becoming the world's 

3089
02:50:43,300 --> 02:50:47,100
most experienced Pilots through 
sheer repetition. 

3090
02:50:48,200 --> 02:50:51,500
They also conduct specific 
experiments to gather data for 

3091
02:50:51,500 --> 02:50:55,000
their powered machine design. 
They measure the exact amount of

3092
02:50:55,000 --> 02:50:57,400
control input needed for various
Maneuvers. 

3093
02:50:57,400 --> 02:51:01,500
They time how quickly the glider
responds to commands, they 

3094
02:51:01,500 --> 02:51:04,600
calculate the minimum speed 
needed to maintain flight. 

3095
02:51:04,600 --> 02:51:08,000
All of this information will 
inform the design of the heavier

3096
02:51:08,000 --> 02:51:11,700
faster, powered machine, the 
glider performs flawlessly 

3097
02:51:11,700 --> 02:51:15,500
through hundreds of flights. 
The brothers have refined it to 

3098
02:51:15,500 --> 02:51:19,100
a point of reliable Excellence, 
they can predict exactly how it 

3099
02:51:19,100 --> 02:51:21,100
will behave in any given 
conditions. 

3100
02:51:21,100 --> 02:51:25,300
They trust it completely. 
This trust is essential because 

3101
02:51:25,300 --> 02:51:28,200
they are about to stake their 
lives on a farm or complex 

3102
02:51:28,200 --> 02:51:31,900
machine. 
As October arrives, they turn 

3103
02:51:31,900 --> 02:51:34,600
their full attention to the 
powered flyer waiting in the 

3104
02:51:34,600 --> 02:51:37,400
shed. 
This machine represents three 

3105
02:51:37,400 --> 02:51:40,500
years of accumulated knowledge 
and countless hours of work. 

3106
02:51:40,500 --> 02:51:43,800
Every component has been 
designed based on solid 

3107
02:51:43,800 --> 02:51:46,800
engineering principles and 
experimental data. 

3108
02:51:47,600 --> 02:51:49,500
The wings incorporate their wind
tunnel. 

3109
02:51:49,508 --> 02:51:53,100
Research the propellers, embody,
their new understanding of 

3110
02:51:53,100 --> 02:51:56,200
rotating blades. 
The engine represents Charlie. 

3111
02:51:56,200 --> 02:52:00,800
Taylor's finest work. 
Flyer is dramatically different 

3112
02:52:00,800 --> 02:52:04,500
from the gliders. 
It weighs over 700 pounds fully 

3113
02:52:04,500 --> 02:52:09,400
loaded with fuel and pilot the 
wingspan 40 feet larger than 

3114
02:52:09,400 --> 02:52:12,700
anything they have flown before.
The engine sits prominently 

3115
02:52:12,700 --> 02:52:15,600
between the wings. 
Its presence are constant, 

3116
02:52:15,600 --> 02:52:19,700
reminder of the new complexity. 
Two large propellers, extend 

3117
02:52:19,700 --> 02:52:23,200
behind the wings on Long shafts 
connected to the engine by 

3118
02:52:23,200 --> 02:52:26,100
bicycle chains. 
The Assembly of the flyer takes 

3119
02:52:26,100 --> 02:52:30,400
weeks of painstaking work. 
Every wire must be perfectly 

3120
02:52:30,400 --> 02:52:33,400
tensioned, every connection must
be secure. 

3121
02:52:34,100 --> 02:52:37,200
The engine must be mounted. 
Precisely to avoid vibration 

3122
02:52:37,200 --> 02:52:39,700
problems, the propellers must be
aligned. 

3123
02:52:39,700 --> 02:52:43,500
Exactly to push evenly, the 
control system must operate 

3124
02:52:43,500 --> 02:52:46,000
smoothly, despite the additional
weight and complexity. 

3125
02:52:47,600 --> 02:52:50,400
Charlie Taylor's engine is a 
Marvel of lightweight design. 

3126
02:52:51,200 --> 02:52:55,200
For cylinders arranged inline 
produce about 12, horsepower on 

3127
02:52:55,200 --> 02:52:57,900
a good day. 
The entire engine, including the

3128
02:52:57,900 --> 02:53:00,200
cooling system weighs less than 
200 pounds. 

3129
02:53:00,200 --> 02:53:05,000
It runs on gasoline, not steam 
avoiding the weight of boilers 

3130
02:53:05,000 --> 02:53:07,600
and water tanks. 
The brothers can lift it by 

3131
02:53:07,600 --> 02:53:09,500
hand. 
When installing it on the frame,

3132
02:53:09,500 --> 02:53:13,400
the propeller design, reflects 
months of calculation and wind 

3133
02:53:13,400 --> 02:53:16,700
tunnel. 
Testing each blade is 8, ft long

3134
02:53:16,700 --> 02:53:21,100
carved, from laminated spruce. 
The wood is glued together in 

3135
02:53:21,100 --> 02:53:24,900
layers, then carve to the 
precise Twisted shape that their

3136
02:53:24,900 --> 02:53:27,800
Theory demands. 
Her brothers made three 

3137
02:53:27,800 --> 02:53:30,700
propellers in Dayton. 
Bringing them carefully to Kitty

3138
02:53:30,700 --> 02:53:33,200
Hawk. 
The Carving alone took weeks of 

3139
02:53:33,200 --> 02:53:37,800
exacting work, The transmission 
system uses two chains running 

3140
02:53:37,800 --> 02:53:39,400
from the engine to the 
propellers. 

3141
02:53:39,400 --> 02:53:43,200
The propellers spin in opposite 
directions to cancel torque 

3142
02:53:43,200 --> 02:53:47,200
effects, This counter rotation 
prevents the machine from trying

3143
02:53:47,200 --> 02:53:51,300
to spin around its own axis. 
The chains are standard by 

3144
02:53:51,300 --> 02:53:54,100
sickle chains, proven 
technology. 

3145
02:53:54,100 --> 02:53:56,400
That the brothers trust 
completely from years of 

3146
02:53:56,400 --> 02:53:59,100
experience. 
Testing the engine on the 

3147
02:53:59,100 --> 02:54:01,200
assembled flyer reveals problems
immediately. 

3148
02:54:01,200 --> 02:54:05,800
The vibration is severe the 
propeller shafts twist under 

3149
02:54:05,800 --> 02:54:09,400
load the chains, slip and jump 
on the sprockets. 

3150
02:54:09,400 --> 02:54:12,800
The Brothers Spend days, solving
these issues, one by one. 

3151
02:54:12,800 --> 02:54:16,800
They strengthen the shafts, they
improve the chain tensioning, 

3152
02:54:16,800 --> 02:54:21,000
they had damping to reduce 5 
vibration each problem yields to

3153
02:54:21,000 --> 02:54:23,800
Patient problem. 
Solving, November brings 

3154
02:54:23,800 --> 02:54:27,100
frustration, the propeller 
shafts, crack repeatedly, 

3155
02:54:27,100 --> 02:54:30,500
despite strengthening attempts. 
The brothers take turns, making 

3156
02:54:30,500 --> 02:54:32,600
trips back to Dayton to have new
shafts. 

3157
02:54:32,600 --> 02:54:36,400
Manufactured from better steel 
each trip consumes a week of 

3158
02:54:36,408 --> 02:54:39,500
travel time. 
The season grows late winter 

3159
02:54:39,500 --> 02:54:45,100
weather approaches time runs 
short Finally, in early December

3160
02:54:45,100 --> 02:54:49,100
all systems work properly. 
The engine runs smoothly for 

3161
02:54:49,100 --> 02:54:51,800
extended periods. 
The propellers spin without 

3162
02:54:51,800 --> 02:54:56,100
wobbling, the chains transmit 
power reliably, the control 

3163
02:54:56,100 --> 02:55:01,800
system operates freely, Flyer is
ready for its tests or as ready 

3164
02:55:01,800 --> 02:55:04,600
as they can make it without 
actual flight experience. 

3165
02:55:05,300 --> 02:55:08,400
The brothers, build a launching 
rail to help the heavy machine. 

3166
02:55:08,400 --> 02:55:12,600
Achieve flying speed, the rail 
consists of a simple wooden 

3167
02:55:12,600 --> 02:55:17,100
track, 60 feet long, the flyer 
sits on a wheel dolly that runs 

3168
02:55:17,100 --> 02:55:21,100
along this track when released 
the machine accelerates down the

3169
02:55:21,108 --> 02:55:23,900
rail and it reaches sufficient 
speed to lift off. 

3170
02:55:25,000 --> 02:55:27,600
The rail gives them the speed. 
They need in a short distance 

3171
02:55:27,600 --> 02:55:31,600
compensating for the soft sand. 
That prevents conventional 

3172
02:55:31,600 --> 02:55:35,400
rolling takeoffs. 
December 14th Dawns, with light 

3173
02:55:35,400 --> 02:55:40,300
winds, not ideal, but workable 
the brothers, flip a coin to 

3174
02:55:40,300 --> 02:55:42,300
determine who will make the 
first attempt. 

3175
02:55:43,100 --> 02:55:47,100
Will be wins, he positioned 
himself prone, on the lower wing

3176
02:55:47,100 --> 02:55:51,100
gripping, the controls his heart
pounds with anticipation and 

3177
02:55:51,100 --> 02:55:53,500
nervousness, three years of 
work. 

3178
02:55:53,500 --> 02:55:57,200
Come down to this moment. 
Orville releases the restraining

3179
02:55:57,200 --> 02:55:59,700
wire. 
The flyer rolls forward down the

3180
02:55:59,708 --> 02:56:04,000
rail, picking up speed the 
engine Roars at full power, the 

3181
02:56:04,000 --> 02:56:06,000
propellers become invisible 
blurs. 

3182
02:56:06,000 --> 02:56:09,000
Then the machine lifts. 
For a glorious moment. 

3183
02:56:09,000 --> 02:56:12,500
It flies under its own power. 
A heavier than air machine. 

3184
02:56:12,500 --> 02:56:15,400
Carrying a human being through 
the air using an engine. 

3185
02:56:15,400 --> 02:56:19,700
But Wilbur over corrects with 
the elevator control, the flyer 

3186
02:56:19,700 --> 02:56:24,000
climbs to steeply loses speed, 
and settles back to Earth after 

3187
02:56:24,000 --> 02:56:27,200
only three and a half seconds. 
The left wing strikes. 

3188
02:56:27,200 --> 02:56:31,400
First Would crack sharply fabric
tears? 

3189
02:56:32,200 --> 02:56:35,000
The witnesses Rush forward to 
help extract Wilbur from the 

3190
02:56:35,000 --> 02:56:38,200
damage machine. 
The crashes, not catastrophic. 

3191
02:56:38,200 --> 02:56:41,300
But the damage requires 
significant repairs. 

3192
02:56:42,200 --> 02:56:45,000
The brothers examine, each 
broken component carefully. 

3193
02:56:45,000 --> 02:56:47,500
Discussing what happened in 
quiet voices? 

3194
02:56:48,500 --> 02:56:50,900
Flight was too briefed to 
provide much useful data. 

3195
02:56:51,900 --> 02:56:54,600
But they learned that the fly 
can lift under its own power. 

3196
02:56:54,600 --> 02:56:57,600
The engine and propellers work 
as designed. 

3197
02:56:57,600 --> 02:57:02,100
The basic concept is sound, they
simply need to master the 

3198
02:57:02,100 --> 02:57:04,300
controls. 
Repairs. 

3199
02:57:04,300 --> 02:57:06,500
Take two full days of steady 
work. 

3200
02:57:07,300 --> 02:57:10,600
The brothers, replace broken 
spas and reattached, torn 

3201
02:57:10,600 --> 02:57:14,100
fabric, they reinforce weak 
points that the crash revealed 

3202
02:57:14,100 --> 02:57:18,000
they make the elevator control. 
Less sensitive, requiring larger

3203
02:57:18,000 --> 02:57:20,000
movements to produce the same 
response. 

3204
02:57:20,000 --> 02:57:23,300
They test every system 
repeatedly on the ground 

3205
02:57:23,300 --> 02:57:24,900
leaving. 
Nothing to chance. 

3206
02:57:25,800 --> 02:57:27,700
December 17th. 
Dawn's. 

3207
02:57:27,700 --> 02:57:31,900
Clear and bitterly cold. 
Puddles from recent, rain have 

3208
02:57:31,900 --> 02:57:34,500
frozen into sheets of ice that 
crunch underfoot. 

3209
02:57:35,400 --> 02:57:39,500
The wind blows strong and steady
from the north gusting to 27 

3210
02:57:39,500 --> 02:57:42,200
miles per hour. 
The brothers set up the 

3211
02:57:42,200 --> 02:57:44,300
launching rail on level ground 
near their camp. 

3212
02:57:45,000 --> 02:57:46,200
Today. 
It is awful's. 

3213
02:57:46,200 --> 02:57:49,200
Turn to Pilot. 
The local Witnesses returned 

3214
02:57:49,200 --> 02:57:52,400
bundled against the cold in 
heavy coats and scarves. 

3215
02:57:53,500 --> 02:57:56,600
John Daniels from the Kill 
Devil, Hills life-saving station

3216
02:57:56,600 --> 02:58:00,200
agrees to operate the camera. 
He has never used a camera 

3217
02:58:00,200 --> 02:58:02,600
before but the brothers, explain
the simple process. 

3218
02:58:03,600 --> 02:58:06,200
Point the box at the end of the 
rail where the flyer will lift 

3219
02:58:06,200 --> 02:58:08,200
off. 
When you see it rise into the 

3220
02:58:08,200 --> 02:58:12,100
air, squeeze the Bold trigger, 
the shutter, try not to shake 

3221
02:58:12,100 --> 02:58:15,300
the brothers, start the engine 
at 10:35 in the morning. 

3222
02:58:15,300 --> 02:58:19,000
It runs roughly in the 
Frigidaire but produces adequate

3223
02:58:19,000 --> 02:58:21,500
power. 
They let it warm up on making 

3224
02:58:21,500 --> 02:58:26,000
final checks of every system. 
Everything must be perfect for 

3225
02:58:26,000 --> 02:58:28,700
this attempt. 
Every connection is tight. 

3226
02:58:28,700 --> 02:58:33,500
Every control is free to move. 
This might be their only chance 

3227
02:58:33,500 --> 02:58:35,400
before. 
Winter weather shuts down all 

3228
02:58:35,400 --> 02:58:39,000
testing for the season. 
Oval climbs onto the lower wing 

3229
02:58:39,000 --> 02:58:41,700
with deliberate movements. 
He settles into position. 

3230
02:58:41,700 --> 02:58:45,500
Testing the controls. 
One last time, the elevator 

3231
02:58:45,500 --> 02:58:49,500
responds smoothly to his inputs.
The wing warping cables move 

3232
02:58:49,500 --> 02:58:53,500
freely without binding. 
He looks at Wilbur and nods is 

3233
02:58:53,500 --> 02:58:56,900
Readiness Wilbur positions 
himself at the wingtip ready to 

3234
02:58:56,900 --> 02:59:01,700
help balance the machine during 
the critical takeoff phase. at 

3235
02:59:01,700 --> 02:59:07,100
exactly 10:35 Orville releases, 
the restraining wire flyer rolls

3236
02:59:07,100 --> 02:59:10,500
forward down the wooden rail, 
the engine hammers, steadily at 

3237
02:59:10,508 --> 02:59:14,300
Full Throttle, the propellers 
Claw, at the cold air, the 

3238
02:59:14,300 --> 02:59:17,400
machine picks up speed faster 
and faster, at the end of the 

3239
02:59:17,400 --> 02:59:19,100
rail, it lifts cleanly into the 
air. 

3240
02:59:20,300 --> 02:59:23,900
All is flying, actually flying 
under power and under his own 

3241
02:59:23,900 --> 02:59:26,600
control. 
He can feel every Nuance of the 

3242
02:59:26,600 --> 02:59:29,800
machines response. 
The elevator requires constant 

3243
02:59:29,800 --> 02:59:33,500
tiny adjustments to maintain 
altitude, the wind buffets, the 

3244
02:59:33,508 --> 02:59:36,900
Wing's, trying to upset the 
delicate balance, the engine 

3245
02:59:36,900 --> 02:59:39,200
vibration travels through the 
entire frame. 

3246
02:59:39,200 --> 02:59:43,000
He makes Corrections based on 
field and Instinct rather than 

3247
02:59:43,000 --> 02:59:46,600
conscious thought. 
The flight lasts 12 seconds. 

3248
02:59:47,700 --> 02:59:51,400
The flyer covers 120 feet over 
the ground before settling 

3249
02:59:51,400 --> 02:59:55,000
gently onto the sand. 
Orville climbs out grinning 

3250
02:59:55,000 --> 02:59:58,000
widely. 
He has done it powered flight, 

3251
02:59:58,000 --> 03:00:02,000
controlled flight. 
A heavier than air machine. 

3252
03:00:02,000 --> 03:00:05,300
Carrying a human being through 
the air using its own engine for

3253
03:00:05,300 --> 03:00:08,800
propulsion. 
The small crowd of witnesses, 

3254
03:00:08,800 --> 03:00:13,700
cheers and shouts, John Daniels 
has captured the moment on film 

3255
03:00:13,700 --> 03:00:15,900
though. 
He will not know for certain 

3256
03:00:15,900 --> 03:00:17,900
until the film is developed back
in Dayton. 

3257
03:00:19,300 --> 03:00:21,800
But the brothers are far from 
finished with testing. 

3258
03:00:22,500 --> 03:00:25,900
They want more flights more data
better performance. 

3259
03:00:25,900 --> 03:00:30,600
This was just the beginning. 
Wilbur takes the next turn as 

3260
03:00:30,600 --> 03:00:33,300
pilate. 
He launches into the strong wind

3261
03:00:33,300 --> 03:00:37,700
and flies for about 200 feet. 
The machine handles better as 

3262
03:00:37,700 --> 03:00:41,000
they learn its specific 
characteristics, the controls 

3263
03:00:41,000 --> 03:00:43,700
make more sense now that they 
have actually experienced. 

3264
03:00:44,700 --> 03:00:48,900
Orville goes again around 11:00 
achieving a flight of 200 ft. 

3265
03:00:49,700 --> 03:00:52,300
He feels more confident. 
Now making smooth. 

3266
03:00:52,300 --> 03:00:55,700
The control inputs. 
Flyer responds, well to 

3267
03:00:55,700 --> 03:00:59,600
gentleman's overly aggressive 
inputs cause problems. 

3268
03:00:59,600 --> 03:01:02,100
The lesson is the same as with 
the gliders. 

3269
03:01:02,100 --> 03:01:06,900
Finesse beats Force, the fourth 
and final flight belongs to 

3270
03:01:06,908 --> 03:01:09,700
Wilbur. 
He climbs onto the flyer at 

3271
03:01:09,700 --> 03:01:13,800
noon, the wind has picked up 
even more now, gusting strongly 

3272
03:01:13,800 --> 03:01:16,800
across the dunes. 
He launched his immediately 

3273
03:01:16,800 --> 03:01:19,600
feels the difference. 
The stronger wind provides more 

3274
03:01:19,600 --> 03:01:23,800
lift, but also more turbulence, 
the flyer climbs higher than in 

3275
03:01:23,800 --> 03:01:28,000
previous flights, he works the 
controls constantly, keeping the

3276
03:01:28,000 --> 03:01:31,400
machine under tight control, the
flight stretches on gloriously. 

3277
03:01:33,000 --> 03:01:37,300
20 30. 
The witnesses watch in growing 

3278
03:01:37,300 --> 03:01:40,200
amazement as the Machine Sales, 
steadily above the sand. 

3279
03:01:41,100 --> 03:01:44,200
Will be makes a gentle turn 
demonstrating control. 

3280
03:01:45,000 --> 03:01:49,800
He covers 600 feet over the 
ground, he stays Airborne for 59

3281
03:01:49,800 --> 03:01:53,000
seconds. 
Nearly a full minute of powered 

3282
03:01:53,000 --> 03:01:56,800
sustained flight. 
When he finally settles onto the

3283
03:01:56,800 --> 03:02:00,500
sand and kills the engine, the 
brothers, quietly shake hands. 

3284
03:02:00,500 --> 03:02:03,300
They have proven everything they
set out to prove. 

3285
03:02:03,300 --> 03:02:08,000
Powered flight is not only 
possible, but practical They 

3286
03:02:08,000 --> 03:02:12,400
years of careful research and 
systematic experimentation of 

3287
03:02:12,400 --> 03:02:16,000
paid off completely. 
They are the first humans in 

3288
03:02:16,000 --> 03:02:20,300
history to achieve, controlled 
sustained powered heavier than 

3289
03:02:20,300 --> 03:02:23,400
air flight. 
As they gather around the flyer 

3290
03:02:23,400 --> 03:02:26,200
to discuss the mornings. 
Flights disaster, strikes. 

3291
03:02:26,200 --> 03:02:29,400
Suddenly Strong gust of wind 
catches. 

3292
03:02:29,400 --> 03:02:33,300
The machine from the side, it 
begins to Tumble across the sand

3293
03:02:33,300 --> 03:02:37,100
like a massive kite. 
John Daniels grabs at it, 

3294
03:02:37,100 --> 03:02:38,400
desperately trying to hold it 
down. 

3295
03:02:39,300 --> 03:02:42,700
The flyer rolls over him. 
Trapping him briefly in a tangle

3296
03:02:42,700 --> 03:02:45,600
of wings and struts and wires 
the other men. 

3297
03:02:45,600 --> 03:02:49,700
Pull him free quickly, he is 
shaken and bruised, but not 

3298
03:02:49,700 --> 03:02:53,200
seriously injured. 
The flyer itself is badly 

3299
03:02:53,200 --> 03:02:56,200
damaged, Beyond any hope of 
repair at Kitty Hawk. 

3300
03:02:57,300 --> 03:03:01,300
Multiple ribs are broken. 
Fabric is shredded in many 

3301
03:03:01,300 --> 03:03:03,700
places. 
The engine has been torn 

3302
03:03:03,700 --> 03:03:07,200
partially from its mounts. 
The propeller shafts are bent. 

3303
03:03:07,900 --> 03:03:10,900
The brothers, examined, the 
wreckage with resignation rather

3304
03:03:10,900 --> 03:03:13,800
than anger, they will not fly a 
game this year. 

3305
03:03:14,500 --> 03:03:17,600
But they have accomplished their
ultimate goal, the rest is 

3306
03:03:17,600 --> 03:03:21,300
merely refinement, I pack up 
their Camp over the next several

3307
03:03:21,300 --> 03:03:24,100
days. 
The damaged flyer is carefully 

3308
03:03:24,100 --> 03:03:26,900
created for shipment back to 
Dayton where it will be 

3309
03:03:26,900 --> 03:03:29,600
preserved. 
The brothers say goodbye to the 

3310
03:03:29,600 --> 03:03:33,100
friends, they have made on the 
Outer Banks, Bill Tate, and Dan 

3311
03:03:33,100 --> 03:03:35,700
and their families. 
The men from the life-saving 

3312
03:03:35,700 --> 03:03:38,800
station, who witnessed his 
history, the locals who helped 

3313
03:03:38,800 --> 03:03:40,700
with experiments and provided 
company. 

3314
03:03:40,700 --> 03:03:44,200
During long evening's the 
brothers compose a telegram to 

3315
03:03:44,200 --> 03:03:48,300
their father Milton in Dayton. 
The message is brief and factual

3316
03:03:48,300 --> 03:03:51,400
as is their way. 
Success. 

3317
03:03:52,200 --> 03:03:55,700
For flights, Thursday morning 
all against a 21-mile. 

3318
03:03:55,700 --> 03:03:58,500
Wind started from level with 
engine power alone. 

3319
03:03:58,500 --> 03:04:03,800
Average speed through are 31 
miles, longest, 59 seconds. 

3320
03:04:03,800 --> 03:04:06,400
Inform the Press home for 
Christmas. 

3321
03:04:06,400 --> 03:04:10,400
They send the telegram from the 
weather station the operator. 

3322
03:04:10,400 --> 03:04:13,500
Transmits, its Dayton from 
there, it should reach 

3323
03:04:13,500 --> 03:04:16,200
newspapers and create the 
recognition they deserve. 

3324
03:04:17,100 --> 03:04:19,100
But the world proves stubbornly,
skeptical. 

3325
03:04:20,100 --> 03:04:23,400
Most newspaper editors receive 
the telegram with disbelief. 

3326
03:04:24,300 --> 03:04:26,900
Flying machines, the stuff of 
fantasy and fraud. 

3327
03:04:27,600 --> 03:04:30,900
A few papers run, small 
articles, buried in Backpages, 

3328
03:04:30,900 --> 03:04:35,000
most ignore the story entirely 
assuming it is a hoax or 

3329
03:04:35,000 --> 03:04:38,100
misunderstanding. 
The Wright brothers, do not 

3330
03:04:38,100 --> 03:04:39,900
mind, the lack of immediate 
recognition. 

3331
03:04:39,900 --> 03:04:43,900
They know what they achieved? 
They have the witnesses, they 

3332
03:04:43,900 --> 03:04:46,400
have the photographs, they have 
the data. 

3333
03:04:46,400 --> 03:04:50,400
More importantly, they have the 
knowledge to build better flying

3334
03:04:50,400 --> 03:04:53,600
machines. 
Recognition will come eventually

3335
03:04:54,500 --> 03:04:59,100
For now, they have work to do. 
They bought the train heading 

3336
03:04:59,100 --> 03:05:01,500
north. 
Back to Dayton and the familiar 

3337
03:05:01,500 --> 03:05:04,600
bicycle shop. 
Winter Snow begins to fall. 

3338
03:05:04,600 --> 03:05:07,900
As they travel, they discuss 
plans for improving their 

3339
03:05:07,900 --> 03:05:10,800
design. 
A more powerful engine, better 

3340
03:05:10,800 --> 03:05:15,300
controls stronger construction, 
they will make flight practical 

3341
03:05:15,300 --> 03:05:17,400
and reliable. 
They will perfect their 

3342
03:05:17,400 --> 03:05:20,200
invention. 
You walk through the right 

3343
03:05:20,200 --> 03:05:24,900
bicycle shop on a warm spring 
morning in 1904, Sunlight 

3344
03:05:24,900 --> 03:05:26,700
streams Through the Windows, 
exactly. 

3345
03:05:26,700 --> 03:05:29,000
As it did. 
When this journey began the 

3346
03:05:29,000 --> 03:05:31,700
smell of machine oil, and fresh 
would still fills the air. 

3347
03:05:32,800 --> 03:05:34,600
Everything has fundamentally 
changed. 

3348
03:05:35,500 --> 03:05:38,000
The brothers and no longer 
bicycle mechanics, who dream of 

3349
03:05:38,000 --> 03:05:42,300
flight their aviators, who have 
happened to sell bicycles, a new

3350
03:05:42,308 --> 03:05:45,000
flyer takes shape. 
In the back room, this version 

3351
03:05:45,000 --> 03:05:47,400
will be stronger and more 
powerful than the kitty York 

3352
03:05:47,408 --> 03:05:49,800
machine. 
The brothers have learned from 

3353
03:05:49,800 --> 03:05:51,600
their fourth flights. 
What needs improving? 

3354
03:05:52,400 --> 03:05:55,300
The controls will be more 
responsive, the engine will 

3355
03:05:55,300 --> 03:05:57,800
produce more power. 
The structure will be more 

3356
03:05:57,800 --> 03:05:59,800
robust to handle harder. 
Landing's. 

3357
03:05:59,800 --> 03:06:03,600
This time, they will not travel 
to Kitty Hawk for testing, they 

3358
03:06:03,600 --> 03:06:06,300
have found a suitable location, 
much closer to home. 

3359
03:06:06,300 --> 03:06:10,700
Huffman Prairie is a cow pasture
owned by local Banker Torrance 

3360
03:06:10,700 --> 03:06:14,300
Huffman it lies about 8 miles 
from Dayton near the electric 

3361
03:06:14,300 --> 03:06:17,600
Railway line. 
Huffman graciously agrees to let

3362
03:06:17,600 --> 03:06:19,300
them use his land for their 
experiments. 

3363
03:06:20,300 --> 03:06:23,000
The only condition is that they 
move the cows aside before 

3364
03:06:23,000 --> 03:06:26,300
flying. 
Huffman Prairie, lacks the 

3365
03:06:26,300 --> 03:06:28,400
steady ocean Winds of Kitty 
Hawk. 

3366
03:06:29,100 --> 03:06:32,100
This forces, the brothers to 
develop a new launching system, 

3367
03:06:32,100 --> 03:06:35,900
they build a catapult tower that
uses a falling weight to 

3368
03:06:35,900 --> 03:06:37,800
accelerate the flyer down a 
rail. 

3369
03:06:37,800 --> 03:06:41,700
The system gives them the speed 
they need even on calm days. 

3370
03:06:41,700 --> 03:06:45,000
It represents another Innovation
born of necessity. 

3371
03:06:45,900 --> 03:06:49,000
The brothers conduct dozens of 
flights at Huffman Prairie, 

3372
03:06:49,000 --> 03:06:53,800
through 19004 and 19005, each 
flight, teaches them, something 

3373
03:06:53,800 --> 03:06:57,200
new about controlling a powered 
machine, they learned to make 

3374
03:06:57,200 --> 03:07:01,100
coordinated turns banking 
smoothly through circles, they 

3375
03:07:01,100 --> 03:07:03,800
extend their flight times from 
seconds to minutes. 

3376
03:07:04,600 --> 03:07:08,200
They develop real proficiency as
Pilots through endless practice.

3377
03:07:09,100 --> 03:07:12,400
Amos root a beekeeper and 
publisher from Medina Ohio 

3378
03:07:12,400 --> 03:07:15,100
Witnesses. 
One of their flights in 

3379
03:07:15,100 --> 03:07:18,900
September 1904. 
He becomes the first journalist 

3380
03:07:18,900 --> 03:07:22,300
to see the Wright brothers fly 
and write an accurate account. 

3381
03:07:23,300 --> 03:07:26,500
His article appears and his 
magazine gleanings and be 

3382
03:07:26,500 --> 03:07:29,200
culture. 
Most readers probably wonder 

3383
03:07:29,200 --> 03:07:32,400
what flying machines have to do 
with beekeeping but root 

3384
03:07:32,400 --> 03:07:35,100
recognizes the significance of 
what he witnessed. 

3385
03:07:35,100 --> 03:07:38,900
The world remains largely 
unaware and disbelieving despite

3386
03:07:38,900 --> 03:07:42,000
Roots account. 
The Wright brothers make no 

3387
03:07:42,000 --> 03:07:43,400
effort to publicize their 
achievement. 

3388
03:07:43,400 --> 03:07:46,500
Widely they are focused on 
refining their machine and 

3389
03:07:46,500 --> 03:07:48,700
protecting their invention 
through patents. 

3390
03:07:48,700 --> 03:07:52,300
They fly only when they need to 
gather data or practice skills. 

3391
03:07:53,200 --> 03:07:55,900
Secrecy becomes important as 
they work on Commercial 

3392
03:07:55,900 --> 03:08:01,400
applications on October 5th, 
1905 will but achieves a flight 

3393
03:08:01,400 --> 03:08:03,800
that proves the flyer is now a 
practical machine. 

3394
03:08:04,800 --> 03:08:08,100
He stays Airborne for 39 minutes
and 11 seconds. 

3395
03:08:09,000 --> 03:08:12,100
He covers 24 and a half miles 
and circles around Huffman 

3396
03:08:12,100 --> 03:08:15,000
Prairie. 
He lands only because the fuel 

3397
03:08:15,000 --> 03:08:18,800
Runs Out. this flight 
demonstrates that powered flight

3398
03:08:18,800 --> 03:08:23,300
is no longer a brief stunned, 
sustainable reality The brothers

3399
03:08:23,300 --> 03:08:26,200
apply for patents to protect 
their wing warping control 

3400
03:08:26,200 --> 03:08:29,300
system and other Innovations. 
They approached the United 

3401
03:08:29,300 --> 03:08:32,200
States government about selling 
flying machines from military 

3402
03:08:32,200 --> 03:08:34,800
use. 
The war department shows little 

3403
03:08:34,800 --> 03:08:37,600
interest. 
Responding with a formal letter 

3404
03:08:37,600 --> 03:08:40,000
saying they do not fun 
speculative devices. 

3405
03:08:40,000 --> 03:08:42,600
This rejection seemed short 
sighted. 

3406
03:08:42,600 --> 03:08:45,300
In hindsight, that makes sense 
given the errors. 

3407
03:08:45,300 --> 03:08:48,800
Many fraudulent inventors. 
The brothers turned to European 

3408
03:08:48,800 --> 03:08:52,500
governments with more success. 
France and Britain expressed 

3409
03:08:52,500 --> 03:08:54,500
interest in purchasing flying 
machines. 

3410
03:08:54,500 --> 03:08:57,700
Negotiations begin. 
But proceeds slowly. 

3411
03:08:57,700 --> 03:09:01,300
European officials cannot quite 
believe that two American 

3412
03:09:01,300 --> 03:09:05,200
bicycle makers have surpassed 
all the scientists and Engineers

3413
03:09:05,200 --> 03:09:08,000
of Europe. 
They demand proof, they want 

3414
03:09:08,000 --> 03:09:12,800
demonstrations for two years 
from late, 1905 through 1907, 

3415
03:09:12,800 --> 03:09:16,900
the Wright brothers. 
Do not fly publicly, they're 

3416
03:09:16,900 --> 03:09:18,500
working on contracts and 
patents. 

3417
03:09:18,500 --> 03:09:22,500
They are making improvements to 
their design, their training to 

3418
03:09:22,500 --> 03:09:24,700
be better, Pilots for the 
demonstration. 

3419
03:09:24,700 --> 03:09:29,100
They know will eventually come 
This Gap in flying activity. 

3420
03:09:29,100 --> 03:09:32,000
Leads. 
Some Skeptics to claim the 1903.

3421
03:09:32,000 --> 03:09:36,700
Flights never happened. 
Finally, in 1908 the brothers 

3422
03:09:36,700 --> 03:09:40,800
agree to public demonstration, 
Wilbur travels to France in the 

3423
03:09:40,808 --> 03:09:44,400
summer with a newly-built flyer.
He will conduct flights near 

3424
03:09:44,400 --> 03:09:47,200
Lamar for French officials. 
And the European aeronautical 

3425
03:09:47,200 --> 03:09:51,000
Community, Orville remains in 
America to demonstrate for the 

3426
03:09:51,008 --> 03:09:55,600
United States Army at Fort Myer 
near Washington, Wilbur's First 

3427
03:09:55,600 --> 03:09:59,900
Flight in France on August 8th, 
1908 stuns the assembled crowd. 

3428
03:10:00,700 --> 03:10:03,700
European aviators have been 
attempting flight to achieving 

3429
03:10:03,700 --> 03:10:07,900
only brief straight line hops. 
Wilbur circles, the field with 

3430
03:10:07,900 --> 03:10:12,900
elegant Grace, banking smoothly,
and maintaining perfect control.

3431
03:10:12,900 --> 03:10:17,400
He makes figure eights he flies 
for longer than anyone in Europe

3432
03:10:17,400 --> 03:10:21,300
as managed. 
The French aviators recognized 

3433
03:10:21,300 --> 03:10:24,000
immediately that the Americans 
are years ahead in development. 

3434
03:10:24,800 --> 03:10:29,200
The French Press goes wild with 
excitement, Wilbur becomes an 

3435
03:10:29,200 --> 03:10:32,400
International Celebrity 
overnight, he receives 

3436
03:10:32,400 --> 03:10:35,200
invitations, to fly for royalty 
and heads of state. 

3437
03:10:36,100 --> 03:10:38,100
He dines with the wealthy and 
famous. 

3438
03:10:38,100 --> 03:10:41,500
He trains European pilots in his
methods. 

3439
03:10:41,500 --> 03:10:46,000
The Acclaim is gratifying but 
also what over a man who prefers

3440
03:10:46,000 --> 03:10:47,300
quiet? 
Technical work. 

3441
03:10:48,100 --> 03:10:50,900
Orville conducts, equally 
impressive demonstrations at 

3442
03:10:50,900 --> 03:10:52,700
Fort Myer for the United States 
Army. 

3443
03:10:53,700 --> 03:10:56,200
Military Officers. 
Watch as he performs Maneuvers 

3444
03:10:56,200 --> 03:10:59,200
as they thought impossible. 
He carries passengers. 

3445
03:10:59,200 --> 03:11:01,800
The first people besides the 
Wright brothers, to fly in a 

3446
03:11:01,808 --> 03:11:05,300
powered aircraft. 
He flies figurate and other 

3447
03:11:05,300 --> 03:11:09,000
complex patterns. 
The Army becomes convinced that 

3448
03:11:09,000 --> 03:11:13,400
flying machines have military 
applications tragedy strikes on 

3449
03:11:13,400 --> 03:11:18,800
September 17th, 1900 and 8. 
During a demonstration flight at

3450
03:11:18,800 --> 03:11:21,600
Fort Myer, a propeller blade 
splits and brakes. 

3451
03:11:22,500 --> 03:11:27,400
The flyer crashes from about 75 
feet Orville is badly injured 

3452
03:11:27,400 --> 03:11:30,400
suffering broken. 
Ribs hip And leg. 

3453
03:11:30,400 --> 03:11:34,900
His passenger Army, lieutenant 
Thomas Selfridge is killed 

3454
03:11:34,900 --> 03:11:37,700
instantly when his head strikes,
a wooden frame member. 

3455
03:11:38,500 --> 03:11:41,700
Selfridge becomes the first 
person to die in an airplane 

3456
03:11:41,700 --> 03:11:44,300
crash. 
The accident, devastates, 

3457
03:11:44,300 --> 03:11:45,800
Orville, both, physically and 
emotionally. 

3458
03:11:45,800 --> 03:11:48,400
He spends weeks in the hospital 
recovering. 

3459
03:11:48,400 --> 03:11:51,300
He will walk with a limp for the
rest of his life. 

3460
03:11:51,300 --> 03:11:55,400
The death of Selfridge, haunt 
him yet, he does not give up on 

3461
03:11:55,400 --> 03:11:58,100
Aviation. 
He knows that any new 

3462
03:11:58,100 --> 03:12:01,600
technology. 
Carries risks progress requires 

3463
03:12:01,600 --> 03:12:04,700
accepting some Danger. 
The Brothers press forward. 

3464
03:12:04,700 --> 03:12:08,500
Despite the setback, they win 
military contracts from several 

3465
03:12:08,500 --> 03:12:10,900
governments. 
They establish a company to 

3466
03:12:10,900 --> 03:12:14,400
manufacture flying machines. 
They trained pilots and build 

3467
03:12:14,400 --> 03:12:16,100
aircraft for customers around 
the world. 

3468
03:12:17,100 --> 03:12:20,600
Aviation evolves rapidly from 
experimental novelty, to 

3469
03:12:20,600 --> 03:12:24,300
practical industry. 
Other aviators and inventors, 

3470
03:12:24,300 --> 03:12:25,800
begin developing their own 
aircraft. 

3471
03:12:25,800 --> 03:12:28,600
Some borrowing heavily from 
right to designs. 

3472
03:12:29,300 --> 03:12:33,400
Glenn Curtiss in America becomes
a particular rival using Control

3473
03:12:33,400 --> 03:12:35,700
Systems. 
Remarkably similar to the right 

3474
03:12:35,700 --> 03:12:38,700
patents. 
Legal battles over patent 

3475
03:12:38,700 --> 03:12:42,200
infringement, consume much of 
the brothers time and energy in 

3476
03:12:42,200 --> 03:12:46,000
the years after 1908. 
The right company. 

3477
03:12:46,000 --> 03:12:49,400
Opens a factory in date and to 
build aircraft the brothers 

3478
03:12:49,400 --> 03:12:52,200
higher skilled workers and train
them in aircraft construction. 

3479
03:12:52,200 --> 03:12:56,300
They establish a flying school 
at Huffman Prairie to train 

3480
03:12:56,300 --> 03:12:58,800
Pilots for customers who 
purchase their machines. 

3481
03:13:00,000 --> 03:13:03,500
Aviation is becoming a business 
not just an experiment. 

3482
03:13:04,300 --> 03:13:07,500
Will before Falls ill with 
typhoid fever in May of 1912. 

3483
03:13:08,400 --> 03:13:11,500
Despite the best medical care, 
he grows, progressively worse, 

3484
03:13:11,500 --> 03:13:16,700
he dies on May 30th at the age 
of 45, his death devastates, 

3485
03:13:16,700 --> 03:13:19,000
aullville who loses? 
Not just a brother but his 

3486
03:13:19,000 --> 03:13:22,600
closest collaborator his 
intellectual equal his best 

3487
03:13:22,600 --> 03:13:25,900
friend. 
The partnership that achieved 

3488
03:13:25,900 --> 03:13:27,800
flight cannot be replicated 
alone. 

3489
03:13:27,800 --> 03:13:31,200
Orville continues their work, 
but the joy has dimmed 

3490
03:13:31,200 --> 03:13:34,400
significantly. 
He serves as president of the 

3491
03:13:34,400 --> 03:13:37,400
right company for a few more 
years, but his heart is not in 

3492
03:13:37,400 --> 03:13:40,800
business management. 
He eventually sells his interest

3493
03:13:40,800 --> 03:13:44,500
in the company and retires from 
active aircraft development. 

3494
03:13:44,500 --> 03:13:47,600
He spends his late years 
protecting the brothers Legacy 

3495
03:13:47,600 --> 03:13:50,300
and ensuring history. 
Remembers their achievement 

3496
03:13:50,300 --> 03:13:53,600
accurately. 
A bitter dispute with the 

3497
03:13:53,600 --> 03:13:57,100
Smithsonian institution, 
occupies much of all those 

3498
03:13:57,100 --> 03:14:01,800
attention in his later years. 
The Smithsonian credit, Samuel 

3499
03:14:01,800 --> 03:14:05,200
Langley, its former secretary as
the inventor of the first 

3500
03:14:05,200 --> 03:14:08,500
powered, flying machine 
Langley's machine, crashed 

3501
03:14:08,500 --> 03:14:12,400
spectacularly into the Potomac 
River just days before the 

3502
03:14:12,400 --> 03:14:14,300
Wright brothers. 
Succeeded at Kitty Hawk. 

3503
03:14:15,200 --> 03:14:18,500
The Smithsonian later modified 
Langley's machine extensively 

3504
03:14:18,500 --> 03:14:21,200
and fluid briefly. 
Then claim, this proved it was 

3505
03:14:21,208 --> 03:14:23,300
capable of flight in its 
original form. 

3506
03:14:24,400 --> 03:14:26,200
Orville knows, this claim is 
false. 

3507
03:14:26,200 --> 03:14:29,600
The modified machine bore little
resemblance to what Langley 

3508
03:14:29,600 --> 03:14:32,700
build? 
The Smithsonian is rewriting 

3509
03:14:32,700 --> 03:14:36,100
history to glorify its own 
science test in protest. 

3510
03:14:36,100 --> 03:14:40,800
Orville sends the original 1903,
flyer to the science museum in 

3511
03:14:40,800 --> 03:14:43,900
London. 
In 1928, the airplane that 

3512
03:14:43,900 --> 03:14:46,500
achieved the first powered, 
flight resides in England, 

3513
03:14:46,500 --> 03:14:51,000
rather than America because the 
American institution refuses to 

3514
03:14:51,000 --> 03:14:54,600
tell the truth, The Smithsonian 
eventually acknowledges the 

3515
03:14:54,600 --> 03:14:56,900
Wright, brothers priority in 
1942. 

3516
03:14:58,000 --> 03:15:00,700
Over negotiates the return of 
the flyer to America. 

3517
03:15:00,700 --> 03:15:06,600
He dies in 1948 at age, 76. 
Shortly after his death. 

3518
03:15:07,400 --> 03:15:10,200
Flyer finally takes its rightful
place in the Smithsonian. 

3519
03:15:11,300 --> 03:15:14,900
Visitors file past the fragile 
machine marveling at its 

3520
03:15:14,900 --> 03:15:19,100
Simplicity and significance. 
The Wright brothers approach to 

3521
03:15:19,100 --> 03:15:23,300
problem-solving influenced far 
more than just Aviation Their 

3522
03:15:23,300 --> 03:15:26,100
systematic testing methodology 
became a model for modern 

3523
03:15:26,100 --> 03:15:29,200
engineering practice. 
There are fusel to accept 

3524
03:15:29,200 --> 03:15:30,900
published data without 
verification. 

3525
03:15:30,900 --> 03:15:34,500
Showed the importance of 
Empirical research, their 

3526
03:15:34,500 --> 03:15:38,000
patient iteration and continuous
Improvement demonstrated how to 

3527
03:15:38,000 --> 03:15:40,100
tackle complex problems 
effectively. 

3528
03:15:41,200 --> 03:15:43,300
Think about what? 
Two self-taught Engineers 

3529
03:15:43,300 --> 03:15:46,100
accomplished through, 
determination and intelligence. 

3530
03:15:46,100 --> 03:15:50,600
They had no formal training in 
Aeronautics or physics, know 

3531
03:15:50,600 --> 03:15:54,100
wealthy, patrons funding, 
elaborate Laboratories know, 

3532
03:15:54,100 --> 03:15:57,100
teams of assistance conducting 
research under their Direction. 

3533
03:15:57,100 --> 03:16:01,100
They had curiosity, 
determination and unwavering 

3534
03:16:01,100 --> 03:16:04,400
belief that observation and 
reason could solve any problem. 

3535
03:16:05,400 --> 03:16:08,600
Their legacy extends, far beyond
the specific machines, they 

3536
03:16:08,600 --> 03:16:11,100
build. 
They proved that revolutionary 

3537
03:16:11,100 --> 03:16:13,600
change can come from unexpected 
places. 

3538
03:16:14,400 --> 03:16:18,200
That patient work matters more 
than dramatic gestures that 

3539
03:16:18,200 --> 03:16:20,900
understanding principles. 
Deeply allows you to solve 

3540
03:16:20,900 --> 03:16:22,400
problems. 
That defeated others. 

3541
03:16:23,300 --> 03:16:26,100
That two people working in 
harmony can achieve what neither

3542
03:16:26,100 --> 03:16:29,200
could accomplish a loan. 
Every airplane that lifted into 

3543
03:16:29,200 --> 03:16:32,500
the sky, carries the Wright 
brothers, influence the control 

3544
03:16:32,500 --> 03:16:34,800
systems. 
They pioneered in basic forms 

3545
03:16:34,800 --> 03:16:38,700
still govern aircraft today. 
The wing designs, they perfected

3546
03:16:38,700 --> 03:16:42,500
through wind tunnel, research, 
inform modern aerodynamics. 

3547
03:16:43,200 --> 03:16:46,000
The propellers they calculated 
from first principles 

3548
03:16:46,000 --> 03:16:48,800
established methods still used 
by Engineers. 

3549
03:16:48,800 --> 03:16:52,800
Modern aircraft are unimaginably
more sophisticated than the 

3550
03:16:52,800 --> 03:16:54,900
simple flyer that fluid Kitty 
Hawk. 

3551
03:16:54,900 --> 03:16:58,000
They cruise at altitudes and 
speeds the Wright. 

3552
03:16:58,000 --> 03:17:01,700
Brothers could scarcely. 
Imagine they carry hundreds of 

3553
03:17:01,708 --> 03:17:04,100
passengers across Ocean's and 
continents. 

3554
03:17:04,100 --> 03:17:08,900
They incorporate Technologies, 
like jet engines and fly by wire

3555
03:17:08,900 --> 03:17:11,500
controls. 
That would seem like magic to 

3556
03:17:11,500 --> 03:17:14,900
Wilbur and Orville. 
Yet the fundamental principles 

3557
03:17:14,900 --> 03:17:16,500
remain. 
Exactly the same. 

3558
03:17:17,300 --> 03:17:21,400
Wings generate lift through air.
Pressure difference is control. 

3559
03:17:21,400 --> 03:17:24,900
Surfaces govern movement in 
three dimensions power, 

3560
03:17:24,900 --> 03:17:27,200
overcomes drag to sustain 
flight. 

3561
03:17:28,300 --> 03:17:31,900
The Wright brothers, understood 
these Basics, completely through

3562
03:17:31,900 --> 03:17:36,100
observation and experimentation 
everything else is refinement 

3563
03:17:36,100 --> 03:17:39,300
and elaboration. 
You bought a commercial flight 

3564
03:17:39,300 --> 03:17:42,400
today without thinking, much 
about the miracle occurring. 

3565
03:17:43,200 --> 03:17:47,100
hundreds of tons of metal and 
passengers rise effortlessly 

3566
03:17:47,100 --> 03:17:52,300
into the air, you Cruise 600 
miles per hour at 35,000 feet 

3567
03:17:53,300 --> 03:17:56,900
You travel distances in hours 
that once took weeks by ship or 

3568
03:17:56,900 --> 03:18:00,500
train, you do this while eating 
a meal and watching a movie. 

3569
03:18:01,300 --> 03:18:04,000
All of this traces directly 
backed those cold. 

3570
03:18:04,000 --> 03:18:08,000
December days at Kitty Hawk. 
To Wilbur lying prone on the 

3571
03:18:08,000 --> 03:18:11,200
flyer, making the first 
controlled, powered flight. 

3572
03:18:12,100 --> 03:18:16,600
To Orville capturing that moment
on film to the local Witnesses 

3573
03:18:16,600 --> 03:18:19,100
who saw history being made on 
the June of North Carolina. 

3574
03:18:20,500 --> 03:18:24,400
Everything that came after built
on that Foundation, the brothers

3575
03:18:24,400 --> 03:18:27,700
never fully escaped, their 
humble Origins, despite Fame and

3576
03:18:27,700 --> 03:18:30,000
wealth. 
Orville lived simply in the 

3577
03:18:30,008 --> 03:18:33,300
house where they grew up. 
He maintained the same, modest 

3578
03:18:33,300 --> 03:18:35,100
habits he learned in the bicycle
shop. 

3579
03:18:35,900 --> 03:18:39,200
He valued Precision work and on 
his effort above all, he 

3580
03:18:39,200 --> 03:18:42,400
remained suspicious of publicity
and Grand claims throughout his 

3581
03:18:42,400 --> 03:18:45,400
life. 
He was to the very end, a 

3582
03:18:45,400 --> 03:18:47,300
Craftsman who happened to change
the world. 

3583
03:18:48,400 --> 03:18:52,200
The bicycle shop in Dayton still
stands preserved as a National 

3584
03:18:52,200 --> 03:18:55,800
Historic Landmark. 
You can visit and see where the 

3585
03:18:55,800 --> 03:18:59,500
impossible became possible, the 
workbenches where they designed 

3586
03:18:59,500 --> 03:19:02,700
their flying machines. 
The back room where the wind 

3587
03:19:02,700 --> 03:19:06,100
tunnel revealed aerodynamic 
Secrets, the ordinary space 

3588
03:19:06,100 --> 03:19:09,100
where extraordinary dreams took 
shape through hard work and 

3589
03:19:09,100 --> 03:19:13,700
Brilliant thinking, As you drift
towards sleep tonight, picture 

3590
03:19:13,700 --> 03:19:15,200
those first flights. 
Once more. 

3591
03:19:16,300 --> 03:19:18,500
Flyer is rolling down its wooden
rail. 

3592
03:19:19,500 --> 03:19:23,800
Lifting uncertainly into the 
cold December, wind covering, 

3593
03:19:23,800 --> 03:19:26,800
barely more than 100 feet before
settling back to Earth. 

3594
03:19:27,400 --> 03:19:30,900
The Witnesses were cheering and 
shouting, the brothers are 

3595
03:19:30,900 --> 03:19:33,700
quietly shaking hands knowing 
they have done something that 

3596
03:19:33,700 --> 03:19:35,500
will echo through all of human 
history. 

3597
03:19:36,400 --> 03:19:39,300
Picture Wilbur at the workbench 
carefully shaping a piece of 

3598
03:19:39,308 --> 03:19:42,400
spruce, Woodville taking 
measurements with infinite 

3599
03:19:42,400 --> 03:19:44,800
patience and recording them in 
his neat handwriting. 

3600
03:19:46,100 --> 03:19:48,700
Charlie Taylor casting an 
aluminum block. 

3601
03:19:48,700 --> 03:19:51,400
The wind tunnel is spinning 
through another test. 

3602
03:19:51,400 --> 03:19:54,600
The notebooks of feeling Page by
page, with data. 

3603
03:19:55,500 --> 03:19:58,600
Slow, accumulation of knowledge 
that eventually unlock the sky. 

3604
03:19:59,600 --> 03:20:01,900
The Wright brothers gave 
Humanity Wings. 

3605
03:20:01,900 --> 03:20:05,900
Not through magic or lone 
genius, but through work. 

3606
03:20:06,500 --> 03:20:08,900
Patient. 
Systematic unglamorous. 

3607
03:20:08,900 --> 03:20:12,600
Work conducted day, after day 
for years, they observed 

3608
03:20:12,600 --> 03:20:14,800
carefully. 
They tested rigorously. 

3609
03:20:14,800 --> 03:20:20,800
They measured precisely They 
learned from every failure, they

3610
03:20:20,800 --> 03:20:25,400
improved with every iteration 
they persisted when others gave 

3611
03:20:25,400 --> 03:20:27,600
up. 
They believed when the world 

3612
03:20:27,600 --> 03:20:30,500
doubted. 
The story reminds us that the 

3613
03:20:30,500 --> 03:20:32,900
impossible is often just the not
yet understood. 

3614
03:20:34,000 --> 03:20:36,400
That problem seeming, 
insurmountable can be broken 

3615
03:20:36,400 --> 03:20:40,700
into smaller solvable pieces. 
That careful thought and honest.

3616
03:20:40,700 --> 03:20:43,700
Experimentation revealed truth 
better than assumptions. 

3617
03:20:43,700 --> 03:20:46,800
That two people working together
with a shared Vision. 

3618
03:20:46,800 --> 03:20:51,600
Can change the entire course of 
human history. now, with the 

3619
03:20:51,600 --> 03:20:55,800
wind rushing over Wings in your 
dreams, with the smell of spruce

3620
03:20:55,800 --> 03:20:59,600
and varnished Fabric and 
gasoline engine oil, With the 

3621
03:20:59,600 --> 03:21:02,900
sight of sand dunes and endless 
Blue Sky. 

3622
03:21:03,900 --> 03:21:06,600
With the knowledge that the 
world we live in was shaking by 

3623
03:21:06,600 --> 03:21:10,100
ordinary people who refused to 
accept that humans could not 

3624
03:21:10,100 --> 03:21:14,900
fly. 
The bicycle shop is quiet. 

3625
03:21:14,900 --> 03:21:17,700
Now, the wind tunnel sits silent
in a museum. 

3626
03:21:18,500 --> 03:21:20,800
The gliders rest behind 
protective glass. 

3627
03:21:21,600 --> 03:21:24,600
But the spirit of the Wright 
brothers endures in every 

3628
03:21:24,600 --> 03:21:28,600
engineer who test their 
assumptions in every inventor, 

3629
03:21:28,600 --> 03:21:32,800
who iterates patiently towards 
Solutions in everyone, who looks

3630
03:21:32,800 --> 03:21:36,000
at The Impossible and asks not, 
whether it can be done, but how 

3631
03:21:36,000 --> 03:21:38,500
rest easy tonight knowing the 
sky? 

3632
03:21:38,500 --> 03:21:41,500
That once belonged only to birds
is now open to all of us. 

3633
03:21:42,600 --> 03:21:46,600
We saw between continents with 
casual ease, we Circle the 

3634
03:21:46,600 --> 03:21:50,700
entire globe in less than a day.
We touch the edges of space and 

3635
03:21:50,700 --> 03:21:53,600
dream of going farther. 
All Because Two Brothers From 

3636
03:21:53,600 --> 03:21:56,700
datum looked up at the sky and 
wondered if humans might fly 

3637
03:21:58,000 --> 03:22:00,800
Then they set about proving it 
was possible through patience 

3638
03:22:00,800 --> 03:22:04,900
Precision meticulous, 
observation and unshakable 

3639
03:22:04,900 --> 03:22:08,400
determination. 
This exceeded Against All Odds 

3640
03:22:08,400 --> 03:22:11,100
and expectations. 
They gave us the world. 

3641
03:22:11,100 --> 03:22:14,700
We know today, the story of the 
Wright brothers is complete 

3642
03:22:14,700 --> 03:22:18,800
their legacy flies on forever. 
In every aircraft that takes to 

3643
03:22:18,800 --> 03:22:26,400
the air. 
During the summer of 1962 when 

3644
03:22:26,400 --> 03:22:28,900
Kennedy was the president in the
Beatles, were still unknown 

3645
03:22:28,900 --> 03:22:30,700
young men in Liverpool, three 
men. 

3646
03:22:30,700 --> 03:22:34,000
Each nursing dreams as vast as 
the Pacific that surrounded, 

3647
03:22:34,000 --> 03:22:37,000
their concrete cage, sat in the 
heart of America's most 

3648
03:22:37,000 --> 03:22:41,800
notorious prison Alcatraz 
Federal Penitentiary The Rock to

3649
03:22:41,800 --> 03:22:45,300
the new her intimately perched. 
Like a medieval fortress on her 

3650
03:22:45,300 --> 03:22:49,200
Island Throne 22 Acres of hubris
wrapped in fog and federal 

3651
03:22:49,200 --> 03:22:53,600
Authority. 
Frank Morris, inmate as 1441 

3652
03:22:53,600 --> 03:22:57,200
possessed, the kind of mind, 
that could unravel a Rubik's 

3653
03:22:57,200 --> 03:23:00,200
cube blindfolded, if such 
puzzles had existed. 

3654
03:23:00,200 --> 03:23:06,200
Then his IQ of 133, made him the
prisons unofficial genius, 

3655
03:23:06,200 --> 03:23:09,300
though, his criminal resume 
suggested, he'd been applying 

3656
03:23:09,300 --> 03:23:11,200
his considerable. 
Intellect to all the wrong 

3657
03:23:11,200 --> 03:23:13,700
equations. 
Frank had collected felonies, 

3658
03:23:13,700 --> 03:23:17,200
such as bank robbery, car theft 
and armed robbery, similar to 

3659
03:23:17,200 --> 03:23:19,500
how other men collect baseball 
cards, and he did. 

3660
03:23:19,500 --> 03:23:23,100
So with about as much long-term 
planning, In the cell next to 

3661
03:23:23,100 --> 03:23:26,300
Frank's Metropolitan 
headquarters at John Anglin, as 

3662
03:23:26,300 --> 03:23:30,800
1476 a man, whose Southern drawl
could charm honey from a hive. 

3663
03:23:30,800 --> 03:23:34,200
But who sticky fingers at landed
him in more trouble than a cat 

3664
03:23:34,200 --> 03:23:37,000
in a yarn Factory. 
John and his brother Clarence 

3665
03:23:37,000 --> 03:23:39,200
had been robbing banks. 
Since they were old enough to 

3666
03:23:39,200 --> 03:23:41,700
reach the telur Windows though 
their methods lack, the 

3667
03:23:41,700 --> 03:23:44,200
sophisticated planning that 
Frank brought to his Endeavors. 

3668
03:23:44,200 --> 03:23:47,000
They were the kind of criminals 
who robbed a bank and then 

3669
03:23:47,000 --> 03:23:48,300
stopped for ice cream on the way
home. 

3670
03:23:48,300 --> 03:23:51,000
Not realizing that mint 
chocolate chip doesn't provide 

3671
03:23:51,000 --> 03:23:55,900
much of an alibi. 
Clarence Anglin as 1485 

3672
03:23:55,900 --> 03:23:58,300
completed, this Unholy Trio of 
criminals. 

3673
03:23:58,300 --> 03:24:02,200
If John was the charmer and 
Frank was the brain, Clarence 

3674
03:24:02,200 --> 03:24:05,000
was the Steady Hand, the man who
could keep his cool when the 

3675
03:24:05,008 --> 03:24:06,600
heat was on and the law was 
closing in. 

3676
03:24:07,400 --> 03:24:10,100
Together. 
The three had accumulated enough

3677
03:24:10,100 --> 03:24:13,800
time Behind Bars to spend 
several geological, epochs their

3678
03:24:13,800 --> 03:24:16,400
sentences stretching into a 
future where flying cars and 

3679
03:24:16,400 --> 03:24:18,900
moon colonies, seemed more 
plausible than parole. 

3680
03:24:19,600 --> 03:24:21,700
The Rock had earned her 
reputation through careful 

3681
03:24:21,700 --> 03:24:25,800
cultivation of despair. 
Alcatraz surrounded by Waters so

3682
03:24:25,800 --> 03:24:27,600
cold. 
They could freeze a man sold 

3683
03:24:27,600 --> 03:24:30,900
before his body hit. 
The bay was designed by men who 

3684
03:24:30,900 --> 03:24:32,900
understood that. 
Sometimes the most effective 

3685
03:24:32,900 --> 03:24:35,100
prison bars are made of 
saltwater and hypothermia. 

3686
03:24:35,900 --> 03:24:38,300
The Swift and unforgiving, 
currents around the island. 

3687
03:24:38,300 --> 03:24:41,100
Carried the dreams of wood would
be escapes towards the Golden 

3688
03:24:41,100 --> 03:24:43,700
Gate Bridge. 
And towards the sea Warden Olin 

3689
03:24:43,700 --> 03:24:46,100
Blackwell, ran the prison with 
the Precision of a Swiss time 

3690
03:24:46,100 --> 03:24:48,300
peace and the warmth of a 
January morning and Siberia, 

3691
03:24:48,300 --> 03:24:52,000
he'd inherited Alcatraz from his
predecessor like a family curse.

3692
03:24:52,000 --> 03:24:55,800
This description includes the 
mythology of impregnates, 

3693
03:24:55,800 --> 03:25:00,100
America's most creative 
criminals, Under his watch 23 

3694
03:25:00,100 --> 03:25:02,100
men had attempted to escape in 
14. 

3695
03:25:02,100 --> 03:25:08,200
Separate trees, all had been 
recaptured shot or drowned, a 

3696
03:25:08,200 --> 03:25:10,700
track record that would make any
Warden proud and any inmate 

3697
03:25:10,700 --> 03:25:14,200
thoughtful, the daily routine at
Alcatraz followed a rhythm as 

3698
03:25:14,200 --> 03:25:18,000
predictable as a metronome. 
Flake at 6:30, to the sound of a

3699
03:25:18,008 --> 03:25:21,800
bell that have been imported 
from a defunct Monastery to add 

3700
03:25:21,800 --> 03:25:24,400
a touch of ironic spirituality 
to the proceedings. 

3701
03:25:24,400 --> 03:25:27,800
The kitchen staff prepared, 
breakfast leaving no room for 

3702
03:25:27,800 --> 03:25:31,600
weapons tools or hope the meals 
were nutritionally adequate and 

3703
03:25:31,600 --> 03:25:34,300
gastronomically. 
Devastating a combination that 

3704
03:25:34,300 --> 03:25:37,000
seemed designed to break the 
spirit while preserving the body

3705
03:25:37,000 --> 03:25:40,300
for future punishment. 
Work assignments, varied from 

3706
03:25:40,300 --> 03:25:43,700
the mundane to the mind-numbing.
some inmates worked in the 

3707
03:25:43,708 --> 03:25:46,400
prison laundry where they could 
contemplate the cleanliness, 

3708
03:25:46,400 --> 03:25:49,000
they were providing to the 
outside world while wearing 

3709
03:25:49,000 --> 03:25:51,800
uniforms that made them look 
like extras in a particularly 

3710
03:25:51,800 --> 03:25:55,400
Grim musical others worked in 
the kitchen, where they learned 

3711
03:25:55,400 --> 03:25:58,400
to create meals, that would make
a medieval peasant grateful for 

3712
03:25:58,400 --> 03:26:01,800
gruel The most fortunate were 
employed in the prison Library 

3713
03:26:01,800 --> 03:26:04,000
where they could immerse 
themselves, entails of 

3714
03:26:04,000 --> 03:26:06,600
locations, where the walls 
remained, free of condensation, 

3715
03:26:06,600 --> 03:26:08,800
and the Sea did not talk them 
with its close proximity. 

3716
03:26:10,000 --> 03:26:12,000
But it was in the industrial 
Workshop that are three 

3717
03:26:12,000 --> 03:26:15,000
protagonists found themselves a 
signed surrounded. 

3718
03:26:15,000 --> 03:26:17,800
By tools, that were counted more
carefully than votes in a 

3719
03:26:17,800 --> 03:26:20,900
contested election. 
Amid the center of machine oil 

3720
03:26:20,900 --> 03:26:22,500
and the rhythm of industrial 
equipment. 

3721
03:26:22,500 --> 03:26:27,000
Frank Morris began to notice 
details Frank Morris observed, 

3722
03:26:27,000 --> 03:26:29,500
the gradual settling of the 
concrete walls, over the 

3723
03:26:29,500 --> 03:26:32,200
decades. 
Patterns of condensation, 

3724
03:26:32,200 --> 03:26:34,600
suggested different densities in
the construction. 

3725
03:26:34,600 --> 03:26:38,000
Materials, The sound traveled 
through the ventilation system 

3726
03:26:38,000 --> 03:26:41,400
like whispered secrets. 
Every evening as the sun 

3727
03:26:41,400 --> 03:26:44,400
painted, the bay and shades of 
Freedom, the three men would 

3728
03:26:44,400 --> 03:26:47,700
return to their cells. 
Six feet by nine feet of 

3729
03:26:47,700 --> 03:26:51,100
government-issued Solitude. 
But while their bodies were 

3730
03:26:51,100 --> 03:26:54,300
confined, their minds began to 
wander down paths that would 

3731
03:26:54,300 --> 03:26:56,500
have made Houdini himself nod 
with approval. 

3732
03:26:57,400 --> 03:27:00,400
They started to see Alcatraz, 
not as an impregnable Fortress, 

3733
03:27:00,400 --> 03:27:04,900
but as a very, elaborate puzzle 
waiting to be sold, As the 

3734
03:27:04,900 --> 03:27:07,900
darkness in their cells grew and
the fog rolled in from the 

3735
03:27:07,900 --> 03:27:09,400
Pacific like a protective 
blanket. 

3736
03:27:09,400 --> 03:27:13,000
Three men began to dream of a 
morning when they would awaken 

3737
03:27:13,000 --> 03:27:16,000
in a different place Ventura 
arrived at Alcatraz like an 

3738
03:27:16,000 --> 03:27:19,400
unwelcome relative settling in 
for a long stay and making 

3739
03:27:19,400 --> 03:27:21,500
everyone miserable with its 
presents. 

3740
03:27:21,500 --> 03:27:26,000
The fog grew thicker, the winds 
intensified and the concrete 

3741
03:27:26,000 --> 03:27:29,000
walls appear to radiate despair.
It was during these great 

3742
03:27:29,000 --> 03:27:31,700
months, that Frank Morris began 
to study the prison with the 

3743
03:27:31,700 --> 03:27:34,100
dedication of a doctoral 
candidate whose thesis was 

3744
03:27:34,100 --> 03:27:37,300
titled, creative applications of
Structural Engineering. 

3745
03:27:38,600 --> 03:27:41,600
The beauty of Frank's mind, lay 
not in its criminal applications

3746
03:27:41,600 --> 03:27:43,400
though, those had been 
impressive in their own 

3747
03:27:43,400 --> 03:27:47,300
misguided way but in its ability
to see patterns where others saw

3748
03:27:47,300 --> 03:27:49,900
only chaos. 
While his fellow inmates, 

3749
03:27:49,900 --> 03:27:53,100
counted days until release dates
that existed only in their most 

3750
03:27:53,100 --> 03:27:56,800
optimistic, fantasies Frank, 
counted rivets, measured shadows

3751
03:27:56,800 --> 03:27:59,900
and calculated the thermal 
expansion of Aging concrete. 

3752
03:28:00,800 --> 03:28:03,500
The Revelation came to him 
during a, particularly tedious 

3753
03:28:03,500 --> 03:28:06,500
afternoon in the workshop while 
he was a signed to repair, a 

3754
03:28:06,500 --> 03:28:08,900
ventilation great that had been 
damaged by the previous winter 

3755
03:28:08,900 --> 03:28:11,800
storms. 
As he worked, Frank noticed that

3756
03:28:11,800 --> 03:28:15,200
the concrete around the vent 
developed small cracks hairline,

3757
03:28:15,200 --> 03:28:18,100
fractures that spoke of a 
building settling into middle 

3758
03:28:18,100 --> 03:28:21,600
age, the Salt Air had been 
working its slow chemistry on 

3759
03:28:21,600 --> 03:28:25,000
the structure for decades and 
even the mighty Alcatraz was not

3760
03:28:25,000 --> 03:28:26,900
immune to the patient 
Persistence of time. 

3761
03:28:27,900 --> 03:28:30,800
That evening as the lights 
dimmed and the prisons settled 

3762
03:28:30,800 --> 03:28:33,300
into its nightly routine of 
enforced contemplation. 

3763
03:28:34,000 --> 03:28:37,300
Frank, shared his observation 
with the Anglin Brothers, their 

3764
03:28:37,300 --> 03:28:40,900
cell Block, B Block had been 
constructed in the 1910s when 

3765
03:28:40,900 --> 03:28:44,200
concrete was more an art than a 
science and building codes was 

3766
03:28:44,200 --> 03:28:47,200
suggestions, rather than 
Commandments the walls, that 

3767
03:28:47,200 --> 03:28:49,900
held them with thick enough to 
contain their bodies, but Frank 

3768
03:28:49,900 --> 03:28:54,000
suspected, not necessarily their
Ingenuity, John Anglin, despite 

3769
03:28:54,000 --> 03:28:57,400
his reputation for impulsive 
decision-making possessed, a 

3770
03:28:57,400 --> 03:29:00,800
crossman's, understanding of 
tools and materials years of 

3771
03:29:00,800 --> 03:29:03,400
breaking into places, had taught
him to read the language of 

3772
03:29:03,400 --> 03:29:05,900
locks hinges and structural weak
points. 

3773
03:29:06,700 --> 03:29:09,100
When Frank described the 
condition of the concrete around

3774
03:29:09,100 --> 03:29:12,500
the ventilation systems, John's 
eyes lit up with the kind of 

3775
03:29:12,500 --> 03:29:14,900
enthusiasm. 
Usually reserved for surprising 

3776
03:29:14,900 --> 03:29:18,600
heritance is or unexpected. 
Pardons Clarence. 

3777
03:29:18,600 --> 03:29:21,100
Brought a different skill set to
their growing conspiracy. 

3778
03:29:21,100 --> 03:29:24,100
His years of incarceration. 
Had taught him The rhythms of 

3779
03:29:24,100 --> 03:29:27,000
prison life. 
When guards changed shifts which

3780
03:29:27,000 --> 03:29:29,600
routes the security, patrols, 
followed, and how to move 

3781
03:29:29,600 --> 03:29:32,200
through the institutional 
routine without attracting 

3782
03:29:32,200 --> 03:29:35,100
attention. 
If Frank acted as the architect 

3783
03:29:35,100 --> 03:29:38,000
and John as the engineer 
Clarence took on the role of the

3784
03:29:38,000 --> 03:29:40,100
choreographer. 
In their Evermore, intricate 

3785
03:29:40,100 --> 03:29:43,400
Dance With Disaster. 
The plan began to take shape 

3786
03:29:43,400 --> 03:29:46,000
during their evening. 
Conversation's whispered through

3787
03:29:46,000 --> 03:29:48,400
the ventilation system that 
connected their cells Like A 

3788
03:29:48,400 --> 03:29:52,100
Primitive telephone Network. 
They would begin by widening. 

3789
03:29:52,100 --> 03:29:55,400
The ventilation greats in their 
individual cells, not enough to 

3790
03:29:55,400 --> 03:29:58,900
escape immediately, but enough 
to create passage to the utility

3791
03:29:58,900 --> 03:30:00,500
Corridor. 
That ran by the cell block. 

3792
03:30:01,300 --> 03:30:04,600
From there, they could access 
the roof and theoretically find 

3793
03:30:04,600 --> 03:30:08,100
a way to reach the water. 
The word theoretically held 

3794
03:30:08,100 --> 03:30:11,400
significant weight in their 
discussion, the distance from 

3795
03:30:11,400 --> 03:30:14,500
Alcatraz to Angel Island was 
about two miles of water, that 

3796
03:30:14,500 --> 03:30:16,600
had more experienced swimmers 
than any of them. 

3797
03:30:16,600 --> 03:30:20,100
The currents were unpredictable,
the water temperature, rarely 

3798
03:30:20,100 --> 03:30:23,400
Rose above 55 degrees and the 
Coast Guard maintained regular 

3799
03:30:23,400 --> 03:30:26,100
patrols specifically to 
discourage the kind of Maritime 

3800
03:30:26,100 --> 03:30:28,800
Adventure. 
They were contemplating But 

3801
03:30:28,800 --> 03:30:30,900
Frank had been studying the 
tides and currents with the 

3802
03:30:30,900 --> 03:30:32,500
dedication of a marine 
biologist. 

3803
03:30:33,200 --> 03:30:36,500
He had noticed that during 
certain tidal conditions debris 

3804
03:30:36,500 --> 03:30:38,100
from the prison would wash up on
Angel. 

3805
03:30:39,300 --> 03:30:40,700
They set out to reach the 
island. 

3806
03:30:40,700 --> 03:30:42,900
Determine not to let the sea 
sweep them away. 

3807
03:30:43,600 --> 03:30:46,700
If they could time their escape 
properly, the same currents that

3808
03:30:46,708 --> 03:30:48,400
had doomed. 
Previous attempts might actually

3809
03:30:48,400 --> 03:30:51,000
carry them to safety. 
Frank had been modifying and 

3810
03:30:51,000 --> 03:30:53,300
hiding tools in the prison 
Workshop that could be used to 

3811
03:30:53,300 --> 03:30:56,800
chip away at the concrete, Frank
meticulously sharpened and 

3812
03:30:56,800 --> 03:30:59,900
hardened, the spoon handle Frank
had broken off a piece of the 

3813
03:30:59,900 --> 03:31:02,200
saw blade and concealed it in 
the soul of his shoe. 

3814
03:31:02,900 --> 03:31:06,100
Small tools that would do small 
work over a long time, the kind 

3815
03:31:06,100 --> 03:31:08,300
of patient progress that builds 
pyramids and topples 

3816
03:31:08,300 --> 03:31:10,400
governments. 
But tools alone wouldn't be 

3817
03:31:10,400 --> 03:31:12,400
enough. 
They would need to conceal their

3818
03:31:12,400 --> 03:31:15,500
work from the daily sell 
inspections which meant creating

3819
03:31:15,500 --> 03:31:17,300
dummy walls. 
That would hide the growing 

3820
03:31:17,300 --> 03:31:20,000
holes while appearing completely
normal to Casual observation. 

3821
03:31:21,000 --> 03:31:23,300
This required materials, that 
weren't exactly available 

3822
03:31:23,300 --> 03:31:26,400
through the prison commissary 
paint, that matched the cell 

3823
03:31:26,400 --> 03:31:29,400
walls cardboard, that could be 
shaped, and colored to look like

3824
03:31:29,400 --> 03:31:32,100
concrete and some way to hold it
all in place. 

3825
03:31:33,000 --> 03:31:36,300
John anglin's, artistic talents,
previously, applied only to 

3826
03:31:36,300 --> 03:31:38,200
forging signatures and 
identification. 

3827
03:31:38,200 --> 03:31:40,800
Documents would be put to more 
constructive use. 

3828
03:31:40,800 --> 03:31:44,100
He began experimenting with 
soap, painted chips, and hair 

3829
03:31:44,100 --> 03:31:45,600
clippings. 
To create a picture that could 

3830
03:31:45,600 --> 03:31:48,300
be molded into shapes and 
painted to match the cell walls.

3831
03:31:48,300 --> 03:31:51,600
The results wouldn't fool a 
details inspection but they 

3832
03:31:51,608 --> 03:31:53,400
might survive. 
The cursory glances that were 

3833
03:31:53,400 --> 03:31:56,900
part of the daily routine. 
Meanwhile Clarence had been 

3834
03:31:56,900 --> 03:31:59,600
mapping the guard schedules with
the Precision of a railroad 

3835
03:31:59,600 --> 03:32:02,400
timetable. 
He, which guards were thorough, 

3836
03:32:02,400 --> 03:32:05,400
which were lazy and which were 
easily distracted by 

3837
03:32:05,400 --> 03:32:09,200
conversation about sports or 
whether more importantly, he'd 

3838
03:32:09,200 --> 03:32:12,300
identified the 15-minute window 
each evening when the cell block

3839
03:32:12,300 --> 03:32:14,800
was essentially unguarded while 
the guards changed shifts and 

3840
03:32:14,800 --> 03:32:17,900
counted heads. 
As winter deepened into spring, 

3841
03:32:17,900 --> 03:32:21,000
their plan evolved from wishful 
thinking to genuine possibility,

3842
03:32:21,000 --> 03:32:24,600
they would work at night when 
the prison settling sounds would

3843
03:32:24,600 --> 03:32:27,700
cover the scraping. 
They would take turns keeping 

3844
03:32:27,700 --> 03:32:30,500
watch communicating through 
their improvised, telephone 

3845
03:32:30,500 --> 03:32:33,900
system, and carefully disposing 
of the concrete dust and debris.

3846
03:32:35,000 --> 03:32:38,000
The timeline was ambitious. 
They hoped to complete their 

3847
03:32:38,000 --> 03:32:41,100
excavation by early summer and 
the water temperatures would be 

3848
03:32:41,100 --> 03:32:43,900
at their warmest and the weather
most favorable for their aquatic

3849
03:32:43,900 --> 03:32:46,400
Adventure. 
But even as they refined their 

3850
03:32:46,400 --> 03:32:49,400
plans and gather their 
materials, each man understood 

3851
03:32:49,400 --> 03:32:52,200
that they were essentially 
planning an elaborate form of 

3852
03:32:52,200 --> 03:32:54,500
suicide with a slim chance of 
success. 

3853
03:32:55,400 --> 03:32:58,900
Yet somehow the impossibility of
their ski made it more appealing

3854
03:32:58,900 --> 03:33:02,700
rather than less after years of 
being told what to do when to 

3855
03:33:02,700 --> 03:33:05,400
wake up and what to eat 
planning, anything felt like a 

3856
03:33:05,400 --> 03:33:08,300
rebellion against the cosmic 
forces that had deposited them 

3857
03:33:08,300 --> 03:33:11,700
on this rock in the middle of 
the Bay Spring of 1962 brought 

3858
03:33:11,700 --> 03:33:14,200
New Hope to Alcatraz in the form
of fresh paint and 

3859
03:33:14,200 --> 03:33:17,600
administrative optimism. 
The Bureau of Prisons had 

3860
03:33:17,600 --> 03:33:19,800
decided that a little color 
might improve morale. 

3861
03:33:19,800 --> 03:33:23,000
Apparently operating under the 
theory that sage green Walls 

3862
03:33:23,000 --> 03:33:25,500
would somehow make Federal 
incarceration, more palatable 

3863
03:33:26,400 --> 03:33:29,100
While painters applied their 
cheerful coats of institutional 

3864
03:33:29,100 --> 03:33:32,200
Improvement three inmates had 
begun their renovation project 

3865
03:33:32,200 --> 03:33:34,800
working with tools that wouldn't
have impressed the most 

3866
03:33:34,808 --> 03:33:36,900
desperate Home Improvement 
enthusiast. 

3867
03:33:37,600 --> 03:33:41,300
Frank Morris had perfected the 
art of productive insomnia each 

3868
03:33:41,300 --> 03:33:46,100
night after the 9:30 lights out.
He would wait exactly 43 minutes

3869
03:33:46,100 --> 03:33:48,700
for the sounds of the prison to 
settle into their nocturnal 

3870
03:33:48,700 --> 03:33:51,400
Rhythm. 
Then with the dedication of a 

3871
03:33:51,400 --> 03:33:54,200
medieval monk, Illuminating 
manuscripts, he would begin his 

3872
03:33:54,200 --> 03:33:56,200
careful destruction of federal 
property. 

3873
03:33:57,000 --> 03:33:59,800
The concrete around his cells 
ventilation, great had revealed 

3874
03:33:59,800 --> 03:34:03,000
itself to be surprisingly 
Cooperative crumbling away in 

3875
03:34:03,000 --> 03:34:06,000
small satisfying chunks under 
the persistent attention of his 

3876
03:34:06,000 --> 03:34:09,200
modified spoon handle. 
The work required, a level of 

3877
03:34:09,208 --> 03:34:11,400
patience, that would have 
challenged a Buddhist monk. 

3878
03:34:11,400 --> 03:34:14,800
Each scrap of the improvised 
chisel had to be gentled and 

3879
03:34:14,800 --> 03:34:17,300
enough to avoid detection but 
persistent enough to make 

3880
03:34:17,300 --> 03:34:20,500
progress, two aggressive and the
sound would carry through the 

3881
03:34:20,500 --> 03:34:23,600
cell block like a dinner bell. 
If he was too tentative, he 

3882
03:34:23,600 --> 03:34:25,900
would still be chipping away 
when the next ice age arrived. 

3883
03:34:26,600 --> 03:34:29,800
Frank developed a rhythm, three,
gentle scrapes, pulls to listen,

3884
03:34:29,800 --> 03:34:32,900
three more scrapes pause to 
dispose of debris. 

3885
03:34:34,300 --> 03:34:37,400
It was meditation through 
demolition, a Zen approach to 

3886
03:34:37,408 --> 03:34:40,500
jailbreaking. 
John Anglin had discovered an 

3887
03:34:40,500 --> 03:34:44,000
unexpected talent for forgery 
that extended Beyond signatures 

3888
03:34:44,000 --> 03:34:47,200
and identification cards. 
His dummy ventilation great 

3889
03:34:47,200 --> 03:34:50,300
crafted from cardboard and 
painted with a mixture that 

3890
03:34:50,300 --> 03:34:52,700
included soap, shavings paint 
chips. 

3891
03:34:52,700 --> 03:34:54,500
And what he optimistically 
called? 

3892
03:34:54,500 --> 03:34:58,000
Artistic license was becoming a 
masterpiece of deceptive 

3893
03:34:58,000 --> 03:35:00,800
craftsmanship. 
The challenge wasn't just making

3894
03:35:00,800 --> 03:35:04,500
it look like concrete and metal.
It had to look like old concrete

3895
03:35:04,500 --> 03:35:08,000
and metal complete with the 
stains scratches and accumulated

3896
03:35:08,000 --> 03:35:11,600
Grime of Decades of neglect. 
The paint mixer had required 

3897
03:35:11,600 --> 03:35:14,500
considerable experimentation too
much soap. 

3898
03:35:14,500 --> 03:35:18,000
And it looked like what it was 
soap too little. 

3899
03:35:18,008 --> 03:35:20,400
And it wouldn't hold together 
long enough to be useful. 

3900
03:35:21,500 --> 03:35:24,400
John had finally achieved the 
right consistency by adding hair

3901
03:35:24,400 --> 03:35:26,400
clippings. 
His own collected from monthly 

3902
03:35:26,400 --> 03:35:29,500
haircuts and Tiny fragments of 
concrete dust from Frank's 

3903
03:35:29,500 --> 03:35:32,200
excavation. 
The result was a substance that 

3904
03:35:32,200 --> 03:35:35,900
could be molded painted and 
positioned to full anyone who 

3905
03:35:35,900 --> 03:35:39,200
wasn't looking to carefully. 
Clarence Anglin had appointed 

3906
03:35:39,200 --> 03:35:42,100
himself, the Expeditions 
intelligence officer maintaining

3907
03:35:42,100 --> 03:35:44,200
surveillance schedule. 
That would have impressed the 

3908
03:35:44,200 --> 03:35:47,200
CIA. 
He'd identified God Patterson as

3909
03:35:47,200 --> 03:35:50,500
their most dangerous threat, a 
man who approached sell 

3910
03:35:50,500 --> 03:35:52,700
inspections with the 
thoroughness of attacks auditor 

3911
03:35:52,700 --> 03:35:54,500
and the suspicion of a jealous 
husband. 

3912
03:35:55,800 --> 03:35:59,900
To some counted rivets checked 
shadows and once discovered a 

3913
03:35:59,900 --> 03:36:02,200
Contraband cigarette hidden 
inside a hollowed-out bar of 

3914
03:36:02,200 --> 03:36:05,400
soap if their deception was 
going to fail, Patterson would 

3915
03:36:05,400 --> 03:36:08,500
be the one to expose it. 
But even Patterson had 

3916
03:36:08,500 --> 03:36:12,100
weaknesses, he was diabetic and 
his blood sugar crashes, made 

3917
03:36:12,100 --> 03:36:15,700
him irritable and hurried during
evening inspections, he was also

3918
03:36:15,700 --> 03:36:18,500
a creature of habit following 
the same route through the cell 

3919
03:36:18,500 --> 03:36:22,500
block every night spending 
exactly 45 seconds in each cell.

3920
03:36:22,500 --> 03:36:25,600
The four moving on. 
If they could predict his timing

3921
03:36:25,600 --> 03:36:27,600
and mood, they could ensure 
their dummy. 

3922
03:36:27,600 --> 03:36:30,400
Walls were in place when he 
looked and removed when they 

3923
03:36:30,400 --> 03:36:34,000
needed to work the disposal of 
excavated concrete presented, 

3924
03:36:34,000 --> 03:36:37,800
its challenges simply dumping, 
it would create suspicious piles

3925
03:36:37,800 --> 03:36:40,600
of debris that even the most 
inattentive guard would notice 

3926
03:36:41,500 --> 03:36:44,000
Instead they developed a 
distribution system, that would 

3927
03:36:44,000 --> 03:36:46,200
have him impressed. 
A drug cartel. 

3928
03:36:47,700 --> 03:36:50,200
They mix small amounts of 
concrete dust with soap and 

3929
03:36:50,200 --> 03:36:52,900
washed it down the drains during
their evening washing routine. 

3930
03:36:52,900 --> 03:36:56,400
They can sealed larger chunks in
the seams of their mattresses 

3931
03:36:56,400 --> 03:36:59,100
Distributing them. 
So gradually that the changes in

3932
03:36:59,100 --> 03:37:02,500
weight and texture were 
undetectable He scattered some 

3933
03:37:02,500 --> 03:37:05,300
in the workshop, allowing it to 
blend with the dust and debris 

3934
03:37:05,300 --> 03:37:08,800
of daily industrial activity. 
They had recruited Alan, West 

3935
03:37:08,800 --> 03:37:12,300
and other inmate whose cells 
adjacent to their operation. 

3936
03:37:12,300 --> 03:37:14,600
As both a lookout and a 
participant. 

3937
03:37:15,400 --> 03:37:18,400
West sell required the same 
treatment as the others and his 

3938
03:37:18,400 --> 03:37:20,700
Escape would help provide cover 
for the main operation. 

3939
03:37:20,700 --> 03:37:24,300
However, West brought a level of
enthusiasm, that sometimes 

3940
03:37:24,300 --> 03:37:27,700
exceeded his competence while 
Frank approached the work with 

3941
03:37:27,700 --> 03:37:30,600
surgical precision and the 
Anglin Brothers, contributed 

3942
03:37:30,600 --> 03:37:33,700
their specialized skills. 
West attacked, his concrete with

3943
03:37:33,700 --> 03:37:35,200
the subtlety of a demolition 
crew. 

3944
03:37:36,000 --> 03:37:39,700
West scraping was audible from 
three cells away and his Moc 

3945
03:37:39,700 --> 03:37:41,500
wall resembled. 
Something a child might 

3946
03:37:41,500 --> 03:37:44,000
construct during a particularly 
unsuccessful art project. 

3947
03:37:45,100 --> 03:37:47,700
The work progressed through 
spring with the slowest, steady 

3948
03:37:47,700 --> 03:37:51,800
pace of erosion, carving 
Canyon's by Mae, Frank had 

3949
03:37:51,800 --> 03:37:54,800
created an opening large enough 
to squeeze through, though, he 

3950
03:37:54,800 --> 03:37:57,600
tested it, only with careful 
measurements rather than actual 

3951
03:37:57,600 --> 03:38:00,500
human trials. 
The Anglin Brothers had a 

3952
03:38:00,500 --> 03:38:03,500
similar progress though. 
John's perfectionist Tendencies 

3953
03:38:03,500 --> 03:38:05,200
meant? 
He spent almost as much time, 

3954
03:38:05,200 --> 03:38:08,100
improving his dummy wall as he 
did in large in his opening. 

3955
03:38:09,300 --> 03:38:12,100
The psychological toll of the 
work was as challenging as the 

3956
03:38:12,100 --> 03:38:15,100
physical demands each night, 
brought the possibility of 

3957
03:38:15,100 --> 03:38:17,900
Discovery and each morning, 
required them to resume their 

3958
03:38:17,900 --> 03:38:21,000
roles as model prisoners. 
While concealing their growing 

3959
03:38:21,000 --> 03:38:23,100
excessive excitement and 
anxiety. 

3960
03:38:23,100 --> 03:38:26,900
They had to maintain their 
routines participate in work. 

3961
03:38:26,900 --> 03:38:30,300
Assignments and interact with 
guards and fellow inmates as if 

3962
03:38:30,300 --> 03:38:33,900
they're only concerns with a 
quality of the evening meal and 

3963
03:38:33,900 --> 03:38:37,600
the possibility of mail call. 
Frank found himself studying the

3964
03:38:37,600 --> 03:38:41,500
guards with new intensity, not 
just for security purposes but 

3965
03:38:41,500 --> 03:38:44,300
to understand how normal people 
behaved when they were not 

3966
03:38:44,308 --> 03:38:47,500
planning impossible. 
Escape, God Morris and had a 

3967
03:38:47,508 --> 03:38:50,500
habit of humming as he made his 
rounds guard Peterson. 

3968
03:38:50,500 --> 03:38:53,000
Had a habit of pausing at 
specific cells to engage in 

3969
03:38:53,000 --> 03:38:55,800
conversation with the inmates, 
he held a particular dislike for

3970
03:38:55,800 --> 03:38:59,600
guard, colins developed a nurse 
habit of jingling his keys, 

3971
03:38:59,600 --> 03:39:01,000
whenever he felt anxious about 
something. 

3972
03:39:01,900 --> 03:39:04,400
These details would be crucial 
when the time came to move 

3973
03:39:04,400 --> 03:39:07,600
through the prison and detected 
The weather had begun to 

3974
03:39:07,608 --> 03:39:10,700
cooperate with their plans. 
The fog that rolled in each 

3975
03:39:10,700 --> 03:39:13,700
evening, provided natural cover,
and the spring tides were 

3976
03:39:13,700 --> 03:39:16,600
creating current patterns that 
might actually help rather than 

3977
03:39:16,600 --> 03:39:20,200
hinder, their water Escape. 
Frank had been studying the 

3978
03:39:20,200 --> 03:39:24,100
movements of debris and seaweed 
noting, which pieces ended up on

3979
03:39:24,100 --> 03:39:26,700
Angel Island and which 
disappeared into the Pacific. 

3980
03:39:26,700 --> 03:39:29,400
Their window of opportunity was 
approaching. 

3981
03:39:29,400 --> 03:39:32,700
But so was the increased risk 
that came with each passing day 

3982
03:39:32,700 --> 03:39:34,200
of their secret construction 
project. 

3983
03:39:35,300 --> 03:39:38,800
As May progress toward June 
three men continued their 

3984
03:39:38,800 --> 03:39:41,500
nightly routine of carefully 
destroying their prison cells, 

3985
03:39:41,500 --> 03:39:44,400
while maintaining the facade of 
resigned acceptance. 

3986
03:39:45,400 --> 03:39:47,800
They had committed themselves to
a plan that required perfect 

3987
03:39:47,800 --> 03:39:52,000
timing, Flawless execution, and 
a considerable amount of luck. 

3988
03:39:52,800 --> 03:39:56,300
The alternative spending the 
remainder of their lives in 6 by

3989
03:39:56,300 --> 03:39:59,600
9 foot concrete boxes provided 
all the motivation they needed 

3990
03:39:59,600 --> 03:40:03,100
to continue their invisible 
demolition project, June arrived

3991
03:40:03,100 --> 03:40:07,300
at Alcatraz with unusual warmth 
as if the Pacific had decided to

3992
03:40:07,300 --> 03:40:10,400
offer a brief respite from its 
customary, indifference to human

3993
03:40:10,400 --> 03:40:12,700
comfort. 
The unseasonably Pleasant 

3994
03:40:12,700 --> 03:40:15,300
weather felt like a cosmic wink 
to three men who had been 

3995
03:40:15,300 --> 03:40:17,400
planning their departure for 
months, though. 

3996
03:40:17,400 --> 03:40:19,800
They maintained the prison's 
routine with the dedication of 

3997
03:40:19,800 --> 03:40:21,100
method. 
Actors preparing, for the 

3998
03:40:21,108 --> 03:40:24,400
performance of their lives. 
Frank Morris had discovered that

3999
03:40:24,400 --> 03:40:27,800
escaping from Alcatraz required 
skills, not typically taught in 

4000
03:40:27,800 --> 03:40:31,100
criminal Enterprise's, Take 
navigation as an example. 

4001
03:40:31,900 --> 03:40:34,200
The waters around the island 
moved with currents that 

4002
03:40:34,208 --> 03:40:38,000
followed patterns more complex 
than Advanced calculus a 

4003
03:40:38,000 --> 03:40:40,400
miscalculating. 
Their timing could result in a 

4004
03:40:40,408 --> 03:40:43,700
one-way trip to the Farallon 
Islands or more likely the 

4005
03:40:43,700 --> 03:40:46,800
bottom of the Bay. 
Frank had been studying the 

4006
03:40:46,800 --> 03:40:49,700
movement of everything from 
seagull formations to sandwich 

4007
03:40:49,700 --> 03:40:53,200
wrappers thrown overboard by the
weekly supply boat building a 

4008
03:40:53,200 --> 03:40:56,600
mental map of how the water 
moved and when The Breakthrough 

4009
03:40:56,600 --> 03:40:59,600
came when he noticed that prison
garbage thrown into the bay 

4010
03:40:59,600 --> 03:41:02,500
during certain tidal conditions 
would wash up on July Island 

4011
03:41:02,500 --> 03:41:05,100
within hours. 
If they could time their escape 

4012
03:41:05,100 --> 03:41:07,900
to coincide with those same 
conditions, the treacherous 

4013
03:41:07,900 --> 03:41:10,200
currents that are doomed. 
Previous attempts might actually

4014
03:41:10,200 --> 03:41:12,900
carry them to safety. 
It was a theory that sounded 

4015
03:41:12,900 --> 03:41:16,200
plausible in whispered sailboat 
conversations but would require 

4016
03:41:16,200 --> 03:41:18,300
testing their hypothesis with 
their lives. 

4017
03:41:19,000 --> 03:41:21,700
John Anglin had been perfecting 
what he called, the Great 

4018
03:41:21,700 --> 03:41:24,000
deception, a collection of 
dummy. 

4019
03:41:24,000 --> 03:41:26,400
Heads that would occupy their 
beds during The crucial hours 

4020
03:41:26,400 --> 03:41:28,000
when guards conducted Knight 
counts. 

4021
03:41:28,700 --> 03:41:32,400
Using a mixture of soap, toilet 
paper, paint and hair collected 

4022
03:41:32,400 --> 03:41:33,700
from the prison. 
Barber Shop floor. 

4023
03:41:33,700 --> 03:41:37,300
John had created sculptures that
bore a reasonable resilience to 

4024
03:41:37,300 --> 03:41:39,900
sleeping inmates. 
Assuming the guards didn't look 

4025
03:41:39,900 --> 03:41:43,100
too closely and the lighting 
remained appropriately dim. 

4026
03:41:44,200 --> 03:41:46,300
The heads will work with 
inspired improvisation. 

4027
03:41:47,200 --> 03:41:50,500
John used real hair, which he 
carefully arranged to match the 

4028
03:41:50,500 --> 03:41:52,300
individual hairstyles of the 
sculptures. 

4029
03:41:52,300 --> 03:41:56,200
The features were molded from 
soap painted with pigments, 

4030
03:41:56,200 --> 03:41:59,700
extracted from magazine pages 
and mixed with substances that 

4031
03:41:59,700 --> 03:42:02,300
John preferred not to identify 
two specifically. 

4032
03:42:03,100 --> 03:42:06,100
He is were particularly 
challenging apparently creating 

4033
03:42:06,100 --> 03:42:08,300
believably is from soap, 
required, and artistic, 

4034
03:42:08,300 --> 03:42:11,200
sensibility, that John had never
previously applied to anything 

4035
03:42:11,200 --> 03:42:13,300
more ambitious than forging 
signatures. 

4036
03:42:14,200 --> 03:42:17,000
Clarence Anglin had graduated 
from intelligence gathering to 

4037
03:42:17,000 --> 03:42:20,300
operational planning. 
He'd identified, the exact route

4038
03:42:20,300 --> 03:42:22,300
they would take from their cells
to the roof. 

4039
03:42:22,900 --> 03:42:25,700
Through the utility Corridor 
behind the cell block upper 

4040
03:42:25,700 --> 03:42:27,200
ventilation shaft that led to 
the roof. 

4041
03:42:27,200 --> 03:42:30,100
And then across the prison roof,
top to a point where they could 

4042
03:42:30,100 --> 03:42:32,500
descend to the water without 
being seen from the guard 

4043
03:42:32,500 --> 03:42:34,700
towers. 
The journey would require them 

4044
03:42:34,700 --> 03:42:37,100
to navigate and complete 
darkness through spaces that 

4045
03:42:37,108 --> 03:42:38,600
were barely large enough. 
For human. 

4046
03:42:38,600 --> 03:42:42,700
Passage carrying equipment that 
couldn't be left behind, Alan 

4047
03:42:42,700 --> 03:42:44,900
West had become their weakling 
in ways that were both 

4048
03:42:44,900 --> 03:42:47,400
predictable and frustrating. 
While the other three had been 

4049
03:42:47,400 --> 03:42:50,900
methodically preparing for every
aspect of their escape West had 

4050
03:42:50,900 --> 03:42:53,500
been treating the project like 
an extended hobby rather than a 

4051
03:42:53,500 --> 03:42:56,300
life or death endeavor. 
His concrete removal had been 

4052
03:42:56,300 --> 03:43:00,100
inconsistent, his dummy wall was
unconvincing and his security 

4053
03:43:00,100 --> 03:43:02,700
awareness was approximately 
equivalent to that of a tourist 

4054
03:43:02,700 --> 03:43:04,400
taking photos at a military 
installation. 

4055
03:43:05,600 --> 03:43:07,900
The tools and materials for 
their water Escape had been 

4056
03:43:07,908 --> 03:43:11,200
accumulated through a 
combination of theft creativity 

4057
03:43:11,200 --> 03:43:14,500
and what Frank called adaptive 
resource acquisition. 

4058
03:43:15,500 --> 03:43:18,200
Prison raincoats have been sewn 
together to create a makeshift 

4059
03:43:18,200 --> 03:43:21,100
raft and life preservers. 
They had sewed, the raft 

4060
03:43:21,100 --> 03:43:22,700
together, using thread from 
prison clothing. 

4061
03:43:22,700 --> 03:43:25,500
And needles, fashioned from a 
metal scraps found in the 

4062
03:43:25,500 --> 03:43:27,900
workshop. 
The result looked like something

4063
03:43:27,900 --> 03:43:31,100
that might have been rejected by
particularly undermining Coast 

4064
03:43:31,100 --> 03:43:33,100
Guard inspection. 
But it would hopefully provide 

4065
03:43:33,100 --> 03:43:35,800
enough buoyancy to keep them 
alive until they reached land. 

4066
03:43:36,600 --> 03:43:38,600
Paddles have been carved from 
wooden pieces. 

4067
03:43:38,600 --> 03:43:41,400
Found in the workshop, shaped 
and smooth during lunch breaks. 

4068
03:43:41,400 --> 03:43:44,800
And Stolen Moments, When guards 
were distracted, The paddles 

4069
03:43:44,800 --> 03:43:47,300
were crude but functional 
assuming they didn't encounter 

4070
03:43:47,300 --> 03:43:49,500
waves larger than those found in
an average bathtub. 

4071
03:43:50,800 --> 03:43:52,800
Frank had calculated that they 
would need to cover 

4072
03:43:52,800 --> 03:43:56,400
approximately two miles of Open 
Water, probably in fog, while 

4073
03:43:56,400 --> 03:43:58,700
being sought by every law 
enforcement agency in Northern 

4074
03:43:58,700 --> 03:44:01,700
California, the Escape timeline 
had been planned with the 

4075
03:44:01,708 --> 03:44:04,700
Precision of a military 
operation with significantly 

4076
03:44:04,700 --> 03:44:07,900
less reliable equipment. 
They would begin their departure

4077
03:44:07,900 --> 03:44:12,400
at 9:45 p.m. 15 minutes after 
Delights out when the cell block

4078
03:44:12,400 --> 03:44:13,800
settled into its evening 
routine. 

4079
03:44:14,700 --> 03:44:17,300
The dummy heads would be 
positioned in their beds, the 

4080
03:44:17,300 --> 03:44:20,000
fake walls would be put in place
behind their ventilation greats 

4081
03:44:20,000 --> 03:44:22,700
and they would begin their 
Journey Through the utility 

4082
03:44:22,700 --> 03:44:25,600
corridor. 
The climb to the roof would be 

4083
03:44:25,600 --> 03:44:27,800
the most dangerous part of their
internal navigation. 

4084
03:44:28,700 --> 03:44:31,900
The ventilation shaft was barely
wide enough for human passage 

4085
03:44:31,900 --> 03:44:34,600
and any noise during the ascent 
could alert guards to their 

4086
03:44:34,600 --> 03:44:36,800
escape attempt. 
They would have to climb 

4087
03:44:36,800 --> 03:44:39,000
approximately 30 feet in 
complete darkness. 

4088
03:44:39,000 --> 03:44:42,300
Carrying their makeshift 
equipment while remaining 

4089
03:44:42,300 --> 03:44:46,500
absolutely silent. 
Frank had rehearsed the climb in

4090
03:44:46,500 --> 03:44:48,600
previous reconnaissance 
missions, but the actual 

4091
03:44:48,600 --> 03:44:50,700
performance was a completely 
different matter. 

4092
03:44:50,700 --> 03:44:53,900
Once on the roof, they would 
have to cross approximately 60 

4093
03:44:53,900 --> 03:44:55,900
yards of open space to reach 
their descent Point. 

4094
03:44:55,900 --> 03:44:58,900
Moving carefully to avoid being 
seen by guards in the towers. 

4095
03:44:59,900 --> 03:45:01,700
The guard towers had searched 
lights that. 

4096
03:45:01,700 --> 03:45:04,900
Swept the prison grounds on 
irregular, schedules and being 

4097
03:45:04,900 --> 03:45:06,500
caught in. 
One of those beams would end 

4098
03:45:06,500 --> 03:45:09,000
their escape attempt in a hail 
of gunfire and official 

4099
03:45:09,000 --> 03:45:11,800
disappointment. 
The Descent the water would 

4100
03:45:11,800 --> 03:45:14,400
require them to climb down the 
outside of the prison building 

4101
03:45:14,400 --> 03:45:17,400
using makeshift ropes created 
from sheets and towels, stolen 

4102
03:45:17,400 --> 03:45:20,600
from the laundry, the drop was 
approximately 50 feet and the 

4103
03:45:20,600 --> 03:45:23,000
improvised climbing equipment 
would have to support their 

4104
03:45:23,000 --> 03:45:25,000
weight, plus the weight of their
escape materials. 

4105
03:45:25,700 --> 03:45:27,900
Frank had tested the Rope 
strength using methods. 

4106
03:45:27,900 --> 03:45:30,800
He preferred not to describe in 
detail but the results had been 

4107
03:45:30,800 --> 03:45:34,000
marginally encouraging Has June 
progressed? 

4108
03:45:34,000 --> 03:45:36,400
Their preparations entered, the 
Final Phase. 

4109
03:45:36,400 --> 03:45:40,400
The concrete removal was 
essentially complete But West 

4110
03:45:40,400 --> 03:45:42,400
continued to struggle with 
opening his act. 

4111
03:45:43,300 --> 03:45:45,600
The dummy heads were ready for 
their theatrical debut. 

4112
03:45:45,600 --> 03:45:48,700
The Escape equipment was as 
prepared as prison resources 

4113
03:45:48,700 --> 03:45:51,800
would allow where the conditions
were favorable with fog, 

4114
03:45:51,800 --> 03:45:54,200
predicted for the evening, they 
had chosen for their departure. 

4115
03:45:55,000 --> 03:45:58,100
But perhaps most importantly, 
three men had committed 

4116
03:45:58,100 --> 03:46:01,000
themselves psychologically to an
undertaking that required them 

4117
03:46:01,000 --> 03:46:04,000
to bet their lives on the 
accuracy of their planning and 

4118
03:46:04,000 --> 03:46:05,900
the reliability of their 
improvised equipment. 

4119
03:46:06,900 --> 03:46:08,900
They had reached the point where
backing down was no longer 

4120
03:46:08,908 --> 03:46:12,000
possible, not because of 
external pressure, but because 

4121
03:46:12,000 --> 03:46:15,000
they had convinced themselves 
that freedom was worth the 

4122
03:46:15,000 --> 03:46:18,300
considerable risk of death. 
The date was set. 

4123
03:46:18,300 --> 03:46:22,700
June 11th 1962 in less than 48 
hours. 

4124
03:46:22,700 --> 03:46:24,900
They would discover whether 
months of planing and 

4125
03:46:24,900 --> 03:46:28,700
preparation had created a viable
escape plan or an elaborate form

4126
03:46:28,700 --> 03:46:31,600
of suicide. 
The Pacific Ocean would render 

4127
03:46:31,600 --> 03:46:35,100
its verdict with the finality 
that only nature can provide the

4128
03:46:35,100 --> 03:46:38,100
morning, sun painted, San 
Francisco Bay in shades of gold 

4129
03:46:38,100 --> 03:46:41,100
and promise. 
While inside Alcatraz 3 men, 

4130
03:46:41,100 --> 03:46:43,900
moved through their daily 
routines with the focused calm 

4131
03:46:43,900 --> 03:46:45,600
of actors preparing for opening 
night. 

4132
03:46:46,400 --> 03:46:49,100
Each Monday night activity. 
Greek first work. 

4133
03:46:49,100 --> 03:46:52,700
Detail afternoon, Recreation 
carried the weight of finality 

4134
03:46:52,700 --> 03:46:56,500
as if they were participating in
a farewell tour of institutional

4135
03:46:56,500 --> 03:46:59,800
life, Frank Morris spent the 
morning in the workshop with 

4136
03:46:59,800 --> 03:47:02,900
unusual attention to his 
assigned, tasks repairing, 

4137
03:47:02,900 --> 03:47:05,800
ventilation equipment with the 
ironic dedication of a man who 

4138
03:47:05,800 --> 03:47:08,900
had spent months systematically 
dismantling similar fixtures. 

4139
03:47:09,900 --> 03:47:13,200
his hands worked automatically, 
while his mind ran through the 

4140
03:47:13,208 --> 03:47:16,100
evenings timeline, like a 
conductor rehearsing a complex 

4141
03:47:16,100 --> 03:47:19,800
Symphony, Every movement had 
been choreographed every 

4142
03:47:19,800 --> 03:47:23,400
contingency considered yet the 
fundamental uncertainty 

4143
03:47:23,400 --> 03:47:25,700
remained. 
With their months of 

4144
03:47:25,700 --> 03:47:28,500
preparation, prove sufficient, 
or would they join the ranks of 

4145
03:47:28,500 --> 03:47:30,600
alcatrazz fail to escape 
attempts? 

4146
03:47:31,300 --> 03:47:33,800
The Anglin Brothers maintained, 
their customary routine with 

4147
03:47:33,800 --> 03:47:36,700
studied normalcy though. 
John found himself paying 

4148
03:47:36,700 --> 03:47:39,700
unusual attention to details. 
He might never see again. 

4149
03:47:40,800 --> 03:47:43,400
The afternoon, light dance 
Through the Windows of the cell 

4150
03:47:43,400 --> 03:47:46,700
block, the sound of fog horns. 
Beginning, their evening, coreus

4151
03:47:46,700 --> 03:47:50,100
years of daily interaction had 
made the guards familiar faces 

4152
03:47:50,100 --> 03:47:53,700
as predictable as sunrise. these
observations didn't stem from 

4153
03:47:53,700 --> 03:47:56,900
sentiment as they couldn't 
afford it, but rather from the 

4154
03:47:56,900 --> 03:47:59,100
sharp or awareness that often a 
company's irreversible 

4155
03:47:59,100 --> 03:48:02,800
decisions, Alan West had been 
struggling with his concrete 

4156
03:48:02,800 --> 03:48:05,800
removal for weeks working with 
the Frantic energy of a student 

4157
03:48:05,800 --> 03:48:08,900
cramming for final exams. 
Although his opening was still 

4158
03:48:08,900 --> 03:48:11,400
slightly too small for 
comfortable, passage his 

4159
03:48:11,400 --> 03:48:13,600
perfectionist Tendencies had run
out of time. 

4160
03:48:14,400 --> 03:48:16,100
The tides would be favorable to 
night. 

4161
03:48:16,100 --> 03:48:19,300
The guards schedules were 
optimal and weather forecasts 

4162
03:48:19,300 --> 03:48:22,000
predicted the fog cover. 
They needed Westward, have to 

4163
03:48:22,008 --> 03:48:25,100
make his existing opening work 
or risk compromising the entire 

4164
03:48:25,100 --> 03:48:28,100
operation. 
As evening approached, the 

4165
03:48:28,100 --> 03:48:31,300
prison settled into its familiar
rhythm of enforced routine. 

4166
03:48:31,300 --> 03:48:35,500
Dino was consumed with the usual
institutional, efficiency food 

4167
03:48:35,500 --> 03:48:37,900
that was nutritionally. 
Adequate and gastronomically. 

4168
03:48:37,900 --> 03:48:40,100
Forgettable served by kitchen 
staff. 

4169
03:48:40,100 --> 03:48:41,800
Who had perfected? 
The art of culinary. 

4170
03:48:41,800 --> 03:48:45,200
Indifference. conversation, 
followed the approved patterns 

4171
03:48:45,200 --> 03:48:49,100
complaints about food quality, 
speculation about God, Personnel

4172
03:48:49,100 --> 03:48:52,500
changes and discussions of Si at
scores from newspapers that are 

4173
03:48:52,500 --> 03:48:56,300
days late and already obsolete, 
But beneath this surface 

4174
03:48:56,300 --> 03:48:59,400
normalcy three men were 
conducting finally equipment 

4175
03:48:59,400 --> 03:49:02,300
checks with the thoroughness of 
astronauts preparing for launch.

4176
03:49:03,000 --> 03:49:04,800
The dummy heads were positioned 
and ready. 

4177
03:49:04,800 --> 03:49:08,300
The makeshift flotation devices 
were concealed and accessible. 

4178
03:49:09,100 --> 03:49:12,300
We tested the improvised ropes, 
one final time, employing 

4179
03:49:12,300 --> 03:49:15,300
methods, that would not draw the
attention of casual observers. 

4180
03:49:15,300 --> 03:49:19,300
Everything was ready as months 
of prison base, preparation 

4181
03:49:19,300 --> 03:49:24,000
could make it that 9:30 p.m. the
lights went out on schedule and 

4182
03:49:24,000 --> 03:49:26,200
Alcatraz began. 
Its transition to nighttime 

4183
03:49:26,200 --> 03:49:29,600
security, protocols the three 
conspirators, waited in this 

4184
03:49:29,600 --> 03:49:32,100
cells, with the patience of 
experience, criminals, who 

4185
03:49:32,100 --> 03:49:33,800
understood that timing was 
everything. 

4186
03:49:33,800 --> 03:49:36,600
If they arrived to early the 
guards, would still be 

4187
03:49:36,600 --> 03:49:40,208
conducting their initial counts.
too late and that they would 

4188
03:49:40,216 --> 03:49:42,600
miss the title conditions that 
could mean the difference 

4189
03:49:42,600 --> 03:49:45,400
between reaching Angel Island 
and disappearing into the 

4190
03:49:45,400 --> 03:49:50,700
Pacific 945 PM arrived with 
astronomical precision. 

4191
03:49:52,000 --> 03:49:55,100
Frank Morris began the delicate 
process of removing his dummy 

4192
03:49:55,100 --> 03:49:57,300
ventilation, great. 
And positioning, his soap 

4193
03:49:57,300 --> 03:50:00,400
sculpture head in his bed, the 
head looked reasonably 

4194
03:50:00,400 --> 03:50:03,500
convincing in the dim light. 
Certainly, convincing enough to 

4195
03:50:03,500 --> 03:50:05,700
fool a guard. 
Conducting a routine count from 

4196
03:50:05,700 --> 03:50:08,600
the cell block corridor. 
The real test would come at 

4197
03:50:08,600 --> 03:50:11,200
midnight when God's would 
conduct their more thorough 

4198
03:50:11,200 --> 03:50:14,100
inspection. 
But by then, The Escape Artist 

4199
03:50:14,100 --> 03:50:16,600
would either be safely away or 
Beyond caring. 

4200
03:50:16,600 --> 03:50:20,000
About Garden spectrums, utility 
Corridor behind the cell block 

4201
03:50:20,000 --> 03:50:22,500
was everything. 
Frank had expected and several 

4202
03:50:22,500 --> 03:50:24,600
things. 
He hadn't the space was crammed 

4203
03:50:24,600 --> 03:50:27,000
filled with pipes and electrical
conduits. 

4204
03:50:27,000 --> 03:50:29,200
That seemed determined to catch 
on clothing and equipment. 

4205
03:50:30,100 --> 03:50:32,700
The air was thick with Decades 
of accumulated dust and the 

4206
03:50:32,700 --> 03:50:34,200
metallic smell of Aging 
infrastructure. 

4207
03:50:34,200 --> 03:50:37,500
Moving through the corridor 
required, a combination of 

4208
03:50:37,500 --> 03:50:40,900
athletic ability and 
contortionist skills Complicated

4209
03:50:40,900 --> 03:50:43,700
by the need to remain absolutely
silent while carrying a 

4210
03:50:43,700 --> 03:50:45,800
equipment that seemed designed 
to make noise at the worst 

4211
03:50:45,800 --> 03:50:48,700
possible moments with the grace 
of a man who had spent 

4212
03:50:48,700 --> 03:50:51,600
considerable time. 
Practicing the movement, John 

4213
03:50:51,600 --> 03:50:53,800
Anglin emerged from his cell 
into the corridor. 

4214
03:50:53,800 --> 03:50:58,000
His dummy head was positioned 
his fake wall, was in place and 

4215
03:50:58,000 --> 03:51:00,200
his portion of the Escape 
equipment was secured and ready 

4216
03:51:00,200 --> 03:51:03,200
for transport. 
The months of preparation had 

4217
03:51:03,200 --> 03:51:05,800
honed a level of coordination 
that would have impressed 

4218
03:51:05,800 --> 03:51:08,800
professional dancers, despite 
the significant risk of missing 

4219
03:51:08,800 --> 03:51:10,600
a cue compared to audience 
disapproval. 

4220
03:51:11,700 --> 03:51:14,200
Clarence followed with the 
steady competence that had made 

4221
03:51:14,208 --> 03:51:15,500
him. 
The Operations Logistics 

4222
03:51:15,500 --> 03:51:18,400
coordinator. 
Everything that could be planned

4223
03:51:18,400 --> 03:51:21,400
had been planned and everything 
else would have to be improvised

4224
03:51:21,400 --> 03:51:24,200
on principles of creative 
problem solving and desperate 

4225
03:51:24,200 --> 03:51:27,300
innovation. 
The utility Corridor of the 

4226
03:51:27,300 --> 03:51:30,500
atmosphere of a theaters 
backstage area where the 

4227
03:51:30,508 --> 03:51:33,100
performance held Paramount 
importance and the audience 

4228
03:51:33,100 --> 03:51:35,200
consisted solely of armed 
critics. 

4229
03:51:36,000 --> 03:51:38,400
Alan West encountered. 
His first major crisis at 

4230
03:51:38,400 --> 03:51:42,900
exactly 9:52 p.m. 
His ventilation opening Subway, 

4231
03:51:42,900 --> 03:51:46,600
despite weeks of enlargement 
efforts remained slightly too 

4232
03:51:46,600 --> 03:51:49,800
small for comfortable Passage. 
what had seemed like a minor 

4233
03:51:49,800 --> 03:51:52,300
issue during planning now 
revealed itself as a potentially

4234
03:51:52,300 --> 03:51:56,000
catastrophic problem, West 
struggled with his opening while

4235
03:51:56,000 --> 03:51:58,500
his Partners waited in the 
corridor precious minutes 

4236
03:51:58,500 --> 03:52:00,900
ticking away like a countdown to
launch that couldn't be 

4237
03:52:00,900 --> 03:52:03,600
postponed. 
The decision was made with the 

4238
03:52:03,600 --> 03:52:07,600
brutal efficiency, the emergency
situations demand Westwood, 

4239
03:52:07,600 --> 03:52:09,900
continue working on his opening 
and follow when he could. 

4240
03:52:10,700 --> 03:52:13,300
The others would proceed with 
the Escape rather than risk the 

4241
03:52:13,300 --> 03:52:16,000
entire operation for one 
person's preparation problems. 

4242
03:52:16,000 --> 03:52:19,700
It was a calculated decision, 
but prison had taught all of 

4243
03:52:19,700 --> 03:52:21,800
them that survival. 
Sometimes necessitated 

4244
03:52:21,800 --> 03:52:24,500
abandoning those who couldn't 
keep up the climb to the roof 

4245
03:52:24,500 --> 03:52:27,900
began at 10:03 p.m. 13 minutes 
behind schedule. 

4246
03:52:27,900 --> 03:52:29,800
But still within acceptable 
parameters. 

4247
03:52:30,800 --> 03:52:33,500
The ventilation shaft was as 
challenging as reconnaissance 

4248
03:52:33,500 --> 03:52:37,100
had suggested, narrow dark and 
filled with obstacles that seem 

4249
03:52:37,100 --> 03:52:39,300
designed by someone with a 
sadistic sense of humor. 

4250
03:52:40,100 --> 03:52:43,500
Frank led the climb followed by 
John and Clarence each man 

4251
03:52:43,500 --> 03:52:46,400
carrying equipment that made the
ascent more difficult than 

4252
03:52:46,400 --> 03:52:48,600
climbing a ladder while juggling
flaming torches. 

4253
03:52:49,300 --> 03:52:53,200
The roof of Alcatraz stretched 
before the concrete ocean bathed

4254
03:52:53,200 --> 03:52:55,600
in fog, that provided both 
concealment and navigation. 

4255
03:52:55,600 --> 03:52:59,000
Challenges the guard towers were
visible as points of light. 

4256
03:52:59,000 --> 03:53:02,000
In the Mist, their Searchlight 
to creating moving patterns that

4257
03:53:02,000 --> 03:53:04,100
had to be avoided with the 
Precision of dancers. 

4258
03:53:04,100 --> 03:53:05,700
Performing a deadly 
choreography. 

4259
03:53:06,800 --> 03:53:10,100
The three men moved across the 
roof with careful steps aware 

4260
03:53:10,100 --> 03:53:12,500
that a single misstep could 
result in noise that would bring

4261
03:53:12,500 --> 03:53:16,000
guards running, from all 
directions, 1047 p.m. they, 

4262
03:53:16,000 --> 03:53:18,100
reached their descent point and 
began the rappelled to the 

4263
03:53:18,108 --> 03:53:20,900
water's edge, the improvised 
ropes, of supported the men's 

4264
03:53:20,900 --> 03:53:22,700
weight. 
But they creaked and stretched 

4265
03:53:22,700 --> 03:53:24,600
in a way that made each man 
questioned whether he would 

4266
03:53:24,600 --> 03:53:27,200
successfully complete The 
Descent or become an unwilling 

4267
03:53:27,200 --> 03:53:31,300
test of gravity's reliability. 
The water below was dark cold 

4268
03:53:31,300 --> 03:53:34,300
and moving with current that 
would determine whether their 

4269
03:53:34,300 --> 03:53:36,700
months of planning would result 
in Freedom or tragedy. 

4270
03:53:36,700 --> 03:53:40,000
As they prepared to enter the 
bay three men stood at the edge 

4271
03:53:40,000 --> 03:53:42,600
of the Pacific Ocean with 
equipment that looked like, it 

4272
03:53:42,600 --> 03:53:45,200
had been designed by optimistic 
children and faith that had been

4273
03:53:45,200 --> 03:53:47,600
tested by months of impossible 
preparation. 

4274
03:53:48,500 --> 03:53:51,800
Behind them, lay Alcatraz a 
head, lay the unknown and all 

4275
03:53:51,800 --> 03:53:53,600
around them. 
Lay water that had claimed 

4276
03:53:53,600 --> 03:53:56,100
previous Escape attempts with 
the indifference of natural 

4277
03:53:56,100 --> 03:53:58,700
forces operating. 
According to laws, that didn't 

4278
03:53:58,700 --> 03:54:02,200
recognize human ambition. 
The moment of commitment had 

4279
03:54:02,200 --> 03:54:04,500
arrived. 
There would be no more planning,

4280
03:54:04,500 --> 03:54:06,200
no more preparation. 
No more rehearsals. 

4281
03:54:06,200 --> 03:54:09,300
Will, they had, was the water, 
the darkness and the hope that 

4282
03:54:09,300 --> 03:54:11,000
their months of diligent labor 
had yielded. 

4283
03:54:11,000 --> 03:54:15,000
Something capable of guiding 
them towards Liberation at 11:23

4284
03:54:15,000 --> 03:54:19,900
p.m. on June 11th, 1962 three 
men slipped into San Francisco 

4285
03:54:19,900 --> 03:54:23,300
Bay with the quiet desperation 
of souls entering Purgatory. 

4286
03:54:23,300 --> 03:54:26,800
The waters coldness was the 
liquid embodiment of all their 

4287
03:54:26,800 --> 03:54:30,500
doubts, after months of planing.
Frank Morris The Mastermind 

4288
03:54:30,500 --> 03:54:33,700
whose IQ had crafted their 
escape found himself wandering. 

4289
03:54:33,700 --> 03:54:37,600
If intelligence was any match 
for the Primal forces of tide 

4290
03:54:37,600 --> 03:54:39,400
and current that now controlled 
their destiny. 

4291
03:54:40,200 --> 03:54:43,300
The makeshift raft, cobbled 
together from prison raincoats 

4292
03:54:43,300 --> 03:54:46,100
and sustained by faith rather 
than engineering principles. 

4293
03:54:46,900 --> 03:54:50,200
Settled in to the water with all
the buoyancy of a concrete life 

4294
03:54:50,200 --> 03:54:52,900
preserver. 
What had appeared relatively see

4295
03:54:52,900 --> 03:54:55,000
the during their cell block 
planning, session's. 

4296
03:54:55,000 --> 03:54:57,900
Now, stood as a testament to the
victory of Hope, over hydraulic 

4297
03:54:57,900 --> 03:55:02,000
Dynamics, The improvised paddles
carved from Workshop. 

4298
03:55:02,000 --> 03:55:05,300
Scraps, hint felt about as 
effective as using spoons to 

4299
03:55:05,300 --> 03:55:08,400
navigate the Atlantic. 
John Anglin whose artistic 

4300
03:55:08,400 --> 03:55:10,600
talents had created their 
deceptive dummy. 

4301
03:55:10,600 --> 03:55:13,600
Heads discovered that artistic 
Vision, didn't translate to 

4302
03:55:13,600 --> 03:55:16,600
Maritime navigation. 
The fog that had seemed like 

4303
03:55:16,608 --> 03:55:18,200
providential cover from the 
shore. 

4304
03:55:18,200 --> 03:55:21,100
Now, surrounded them like a 
living entity reducing 

4305
03:55:21,100 --> 03:55:24,100
visibility to approximately the 
length of their inadequate raft.

4306
03:55:24,100 --> 03:55:27,700
Every direction looked 
identical, Dark Water Fading 

4307
03:55:27,700 --> 03:55:31,600
Into Dark Mist with no landmarks
visible and no clear indication 

4308
03:55:31,600 --> 03:55:34,200
of which way LED to Angel Island
versus Witch Way. 

4309
03:55:34,200 --> 03:55:36,400
Led to the Farallon Islands in 
certain death. 

4310
03:55:37,400 --> 03:55:40,200
Clarence Anglin, the Steady 
Hand, who had mapped guards 

4311
03:55:40,200 --> 03:55:43,200
schedule with military, 
Precision, found himself, trying

4312
03:55:43,200 --> 03:55:45,900
to apply that same methodical 
approach to reading water, 

4313
03:55:45,900 --> 03:55:49,600
currents in complete darkness. 
The bay moved around them with 

4314
03:55:49,600 --> 03:55:53,800
liquid complexity streams, 
within streams Eddies and flows.

4315
03:55:53,800 --> 03:55:56,200
That seem to follow patterns, 
that were comprehensible only to

4316
03:55:56,200 --> 03:55:59,200
marine biologists and the sword 
spirits of drowned sailors. 

4317
03:56:00,200 --> 03:56:03,500
every paddle stroke was a 
calculated guests, and every 

4318
03:56:03,500 --> 03:56:06,100
navigational decision, carried a
risk of hyperthermia and 

4319
03:56:06,100 --> 03:56:10,100
drowning, The sound of their 
escape had been swallowed by fog

4320
03:56:10,100 --> 03:56:13,300
and distance but somewhere 
behind them Alcatraz continued. 

4321
03:56:13,300 --> 03:56:16,600
Its nightly routine unaware that
three of its most reluctant 

4322
03:56:16,600 --> 03:56:19,400
residents had departed without 
filing, the proper paperwork. 

4323
03:56:20,400 --> 03:56:23,100
Alan West remained in his cell. 
Still struggling with his 

4324
03:56:23,100 --> 03:56:26,200
ventilation, opening his escape 
attempt to abandon in favor of 

4325
03:56:26,200 --> 03:56:28,400
not alerting guards to the 
absence of his cellmates. 

4326
03:56:29,200 --> 03:56:32,400
His failure to join them was 
both a personal tragedy and a 

4327
03:56:32,400 --> 03:56:35,100
tactical Advantage. 
One fewer person to crowd their 

4328
03:56:35,100 --> 03:56:38,100
inadequate Raft. 
One More dummy, head in place to

4329
03:56:38,100 --> 03:56:40,100
maintain the illusion of normal 
occupancy. 

4330
03:56:40,100 --> 03:56:43,700
The Pacific Ocean began its 
examination of their escape plan

4331
03:56:43,700 --> 03:56:46,400
with the thoroughness of a 
federal prosecutor reviewing 

4332
03:56:46,400 --> 03:56:48,800
evidence. 
Every weakness in their 

4333
03:56:48,800 --> 03:56:51,800
preparation was tested by waves,
that seemed larger than physics,

4334
03:56:51,800 --> 03:56:54,700
should have allowed currents 
that pulled them in directions. 

4335
03:56:54,700 --> 03:56:58,100
They could identify and water 
temperatures that made their 

4336
03:56:58,100 --> 03:57:02,000
improvised life, preservers feel
like ice cubes with straps the 

4337
03:57:02,000 --> 03:57:04,100
raft designed by hope and 
constructed. 

4338
03:57:04,100 --> 03:57:07,400
By necessity began to show signs
of structural anxiety as 

4339
03:57:07,400 --> 03:57:10,400
saltwater found every seam and 
tested every improvised repair. 

4340
03:57:11,300 --> 03:57:13,800
Frank had calculated that they 
needed to cover approximately 

4341
03:57:13,800 --> 03:57:16,600
two miles to reach Angel Island 
the calculations. 

4342
03:57:16,600 --> 03:57:19,300
Assuming knowledge of the 
starting point destination and 

4343
03:57:19,300 --> 03:57:22,400
Direction, all of which had 
become theoretical Concepts in 

4344
03:57:22,400 --> 03:57:26,100
the fog, wraps Darkness The 
light of San Francisco were 

4345
03:57:26,100 --> 03:57:29,600
obscured by The Mists an Angel 
Island as distant as another 

4346
03:57:29,600 --> 03:57:32,500
continent. 
The navigation equipment relied 

4347
03:57:32,500 --> 03:57:36,200
on Instinct desperation and 
three waterlogged paddles that 

4348
03:57:36,200 --> 03:57:39,600
were starting to show their own 
structural issues. the cold was 

4349
03:57:39,600 --> 03:57:42,000
becoming a factor that no amount
of planning had adequately 

4350
03:57:42,000 --> 03:57:45,500
addressed prison uniforms 
weren't designed for aquatic 

4351
03:57:45,500 --> 03:57:48,400
adventures and the improvised 
flotation devices provided 

4352
03:57:48,400 --> 03:57:52,400
buoyancy, but no insulation, 
each man could feel his body a 

4353
03:57:52,400 --> 03:57:54,500
temperature dropping with the 
systematic efficiency of a 

4354
03:57:54,508 --> 03:57:57,400
thermometer in a freezer and 
their paddling became less about

4355
03:57:57,400 --> 03:57:59,800
navigation and more about 
generating enough movement to 

4356
03:57:59,800 --> 03:58:03,000
maintain circulation. 
But the most dangerous enemy 

4357
03:58:03,000 --> 03:58:05,100
wasn't cold or current. 
It was doubt. 

4358
03:58:05,800 --> 03:58:07,700
Every minute in the water 
brought new evidence. 

4359
03:58:07,700 --> 03:58:10,400
That their plan had been created
by optimism, rather than 

4360
03:58:10,400 --> 03:58:14,400
reality, The raft was too small.
The equipment to improvise the 

4361
03:58:14,400 --> 03:58:16,800
distance too far and the 
conditions too hostile. 

4362
03:58:17,500 --> 03:58:20,500
Each wave that washed over their
makeshift vessel, carried the 

4363
03:58:20,500 --> 03:58:22,800
whispered suggestion that they 
should have stayed in their 

4364
03:58:22,800 --> 03:58:26,800
cells, accepted their sentences 
and grown old Behind Bars, 

4365
03:58:26,800 --> 03:58:28,700
rather than young beneath the 
bay yet. 

4366
03:58:28,700 --> 03:58:31,600
Something kept the paddling, 
perhaps it was the months of 

4367
03:58:31,608 --> 03:58:33,400
investment they had made in the 
Escape Plan. 

4368
03:58:33,400 --> 03:58:36,400
Perhaps it was the knowledge 
that returned to Alcatraz would 

4369
03:58:36,400 --> 03:58:39,000
mean solitary confinement and 
the kind of official attention 

4370
03:58:39,000 --> 03:58:41,300
that makes prison life 
considerably more unpleasant. 

4371
03:58:42,000 --> 03:58:44,900
Well, perhaps it was the simple 
human refusal to surrender when 

4372
03:58:44,900 --> 03:58:48,200
surrender means death, even when
the alternative seems equally 

4373
03:58:48,200 --> 03:58:51,100
terminal. 
The fog began to thin around 

4374
03:58:51,100 --> 03:58:54,900
130, am revealing patches of 
Starlit sky, that provided their

4375
03:58:54,900 --> 03:58:57,200
first reliable navigation, 
reference in hours. 

4376
03:58:58,000 --> 03:59:00,200
Frank oriented himself using 
constellations. 

4377
03:59:00,200 --> 03:59:03,000
He remembered from childhood 
camping trips, before his life, 

4378
03:59:03,000 --> 03:59:05,400
had taken the series of Wrong 
Turns that led to Federal 

4379
03:59:05,400 --> 03:59:08,300
incarceration. 
The North Star steady, and 

4380
03:59:08,300 --> 03:59:10,800
reliable helped him. 
Establish Direction though 

4381
03:59:10,800 --> 03:59:12,400
establishing their location 
remained. 

4382
03:59:12,400 --> 03:59:14,800
A matter of educated, guesswork 
and Maritime prayer. 

4383
03:59:15,700 --> 03:59:18,800
As a visibility improved, they 
could make out the darker mass 

4384
03:59:18,800 --> 03:59:21,300
of land ahead. 
Whether Angel Island, Alcatraz, 

4385
03:59:21,300 --> 03:59:24,100
or some previously, undiscovered
piece of real estate remained to

4386
03:59:24,100 --> 03:59:27,500
be determined, their paddling 
had become automatic their arms.

4387
03:59:27,500 --> 03:59:30,100
Moving with their mechanical, 
Persistence of men who had 

4388
03:59:30,100 --> 03:59:33,500
discovered that stopping mint 
sinking, the raft structural 

4389
03:59:33,500 --> 03:59:36,200
Integrity had degraded into the 
point where it was more of a 

4390
03:59:36,200 --> 03:59:39,600
flotation suggestion in an 
actual watercraft held together 

4391
03:59:39,600 --> 03:59:43,100
by determination and rapidly 
failing adhesive. the current 

4392
03:59:43,100 --> 03:59:46,000
had been carrying them steadily,
but it remained unclear whether 

4393
03:59:46,000 --> 03:59:48,500
they were heading towards 
salvation or destruction until 

4394
03:59:48,500 --> 03:59:52,600
the improvised paddles, scraping
against something solid, Sand 

4395
03:59:52,600 --> 03:59:55,700
rock. 
The Blessed resistance of land 

4396
03:59:55,700 --> 03:59:59,500
meeting water was evident. 
They had reached Shore though 

4397
03:59:59,500 --> 04:00:02,500
whether they had traveled two 
miles to ancient island or 200 

4398
04:00:02,500 --> 04:00:04,900
yards in a circle back to 
Alcatraz would be determined 

4399
04:00:04,900 --> 04:00:07,100
when they could see their 
surroundings in daylight. 

4400
04:00:08,000 --> 04:00:10,000
Dragging themselves onto the 
beach with the grace of 

4401
04:00:10,000 --> 04:00:12,500
exhausted. 
Seals three, men collapsed onto 

4402
04:00:12,500 --> 04:00:14,400
Solid Ground. 
For the first time in hours, 

4403
04:00:14,400 --> 04:00:18,000
there are scape equipment, what 
remained of it was abandoned to 

4404
04:00:18,000 --> 04:00:20,600
the tide? 
Their prison uniforms were 

4405
04:00:20,600 --> 04:00:24,000
soaked, torn and decorated with 
seaweed in ways that wouldn't 

4406
04:00:24,000 --> 04:00:27,500
have impressed any fashion 
critics, but they were alive on 

4407
04:00:27,500 --> 04:00:30,200
land and no longer inmates of 
Alcatraz federal. 

4408
04:00:30,200 --> 04:00:33,700
Penitentiary Dawn would reveal 
their location and determine 

4409
04:00:33,700 --> 04:00:38,200
their next moves until then they
lay on an unknown Beach watching

4410
04:00:38,200 --> 04:00:41,300
the fog roll back across the 
bay, listening to the sound of 

4411
04:00:41,300 --> 04:00:43,800
waves that had carried them 
either to Freedom or to a 

4412
04:00:43,800 --> 04:00:46,900
different kind of captivity. 
The Pacific had rendered its 

4413
04:00:46,900 --> 04:00:49,600
verdict, but the final judgment 
remained to be written by 

4414
04:00:49,608 --> 04:00:53,500
daylight luck and the ability of
three exhausted fugitives to 

4415
04:00:53,500 --> 04:00:56,400
continue their improvised 
journey to wherever escaped 

4416
04:00:56,400 --> 04:00:57,100
convicts. 
Go. 

4417
04:00:57,108 --> 04:01:00,500
When the impossible becomes 
merely improbable Dawn arrived 

4418
04:01:00,500 --> 04:01:05,000
on June 12th 1962 with the cruel
Clarity that daylight brings to 

4419
04:01:05,000 --> 04:01:08,500
midnight decision, three men who
had spent the night discovering 

4420
04:01:08,500 --> 04:01:10,100
where the desperation could 
overcome physics. 

4421
04:01:10,100 --> 04:01:12,700
Now face, the morning's harsh 
accounting of their aquatic 

4422
04:01:12,700 --> 04:01:15,300
Adventure The beach beneath them
was real. 

4423
04:01:15,300 --> 04:01:18,500
The water behind them as real 
but their location remained. 

4424
04:01:18,500 --> 04:01:21,600
A mystery that would be sold by 
geography rather than hope. 

4425
04:01:22,700 --> 04:01:25,700
Frank Morris opened his eyes to 
find himself staring at a 

4426
04:01:25,700 --> 04:01:28,400
landscape that looked 
suspiciously like the California

4427
04:01:28,400 --> 04:01:30,500
coast. 
Though, whether they had reached

4428
04:01:30,500 --> 04:01:34,000
Angel Island returned to 
Alcatraz or washed up on some 

4429
04:01:34,000 --> 04:01:36,300
entirely different piece of real
estate remained to be 

4430
04:01:36,308 --> 04:01:39,200
determined. 
His body ached with the specific

4431
04:01:39,200 --> 04:01:40,900
pain that comes from spending 
hours. 

4432
04:01:40,900 --> 04:01:43,300
In cold water, while wearing 
clothes, designed for indoor 

4433
04:01:43,300 --> 04:01:47,900
prison use rather than Maritime 
Adventures The brilliant escape 

4434
04:01:47,900 --> 04:01:51,200
plan so carefully crafted during
months of cell block 

4435
04:01:51,200 --> 04:01:54,800
conspiracies, had deposited them
on an unknown Shore with no 

4436
04:01:54,800 --> 04:01:56,500
equipment. 
No identification. 

4437
04:01:56,500 --> 04:01:58,900
And no clear idea of what to do 
next. 

4438
04:02:00,000 --> 04:02:02,700
The Anglin Brothers moved 
cautiously like men testing 

4439
04:02:02,700 --> 04:02:05,500
which parts of their bodies 
still functioned after spending 

4440
04:02:05,500 --> 04:02:08,600
a night in the ocean. 
John's artistic talents. 

4441
04:02:08,600 --> 04:02:11,600
So useful for creating dummy, 
heads and fake walls. 

4442
04:02:11,600 --> 04:02:14,900
Seemed less applicable to their 
current situation which called 

4443
04:02:14,900 --> 04:02:17,300
for skills, more, commonly 
associated with survival 

4444
04:02:17,300 --> 04:02:20,900
training and creative forgery. 
Circumstances that are 

4445
04:02:20,900 --> 04:02:23,400
transcended the predictable 
routines of prison life. 

4446
04:02:23,400 --> 04:02:26,300
Similarly challenged clarence's 
systematic approach to planning 

4447
04:02:27,400 --> 04:02:29,500
The first priority was to 
pinpoint their location. 

4448
04:02:30,400 --> 04:02:33,000
A task that necessitated a level
of urgency in their 

4449
04:02:33,008 --> 04:02:35,800
reconnaissance compared to their
earlier intelligence gathering. 

4450
04:02:36,500 --> 04:02:39,600
If they had somehow managed to 
Circle back to Alcatraz, their 

4451
04:02:39,600 --> 04:02:42,700
escape attempt, would become a 
very short story with an unhappy

4452
04:02:42,700 --> 04:02:44,800
ending. 
If they had reached Angel 

4453
04:02:44,800 --> 04:02:47,900
Island, they would need to find 
a way off the island before Park

4454
04:02:47,900 --> 04:02:49,900
Rangers or Coast Guard. 
Patrols discovered their 

4455
04:02:49,900 --> 04:02:51,800
presence. 
If they had been taken 

4456
04:02:51,800 --> 04:02:54,500
elsewhere, they would have to 
find their bearings and continue

4457
04:02:54,500 --> 04:02:57,800
their journey to Freedom. 
The coastline revealed itself as

4458
04:02:57,800 --> 04:03:01,500
they explored, and the News was 
both good and problematic, they 

4459
04:03:01,500 --> 04:03:04,600
had indeed reached Angel Island,
their intended destination, 

4460
04:03:04,600 --> 04:03:07,200
which meant their navigation had
been more accurate than the 

4461
04:03:07,200 --> 04:03:10,400
conditions had suggested. 
However, Angel Island was not 

4462
04:03:10,400 --> 04:03:12,100
exactly a launching pad to 
Freedom. 

4463
04:03:12,100 --> 04:03:15,400
It was a state park regularly, 
patrolled and connected to the 

4464
04:03:15,408 --> 04:03:17,900
mainland only by ferry service. 
That required tickets 

4465
04:03:17,900 --> 04:03:20,700
identification and the kind of 
paperwork. 

4466
04:03:20,700 --> 04:03:24,600
They were unlikely to possess 
But they were no longer inmates 

4467
04:03:24,600 --> 04:03:27,700
of Alcatraz which represented 
progress of a sort. 

4468
04:03:29,200 --> 04:03:32,200
Their legal status, had evolved 
from incarcerated to escaped 

4469
04:03:32,200 --> 04:03:35,900
fugitives, which was arguably an
improvement in terms of personal

4470
04:03:35,900 --> 04:03:38,700
autonomy, though it came with 
its set of challenges. 

4471
04:03:39,700 --> 04:03:42,700
The FBI would shortly be genuine
Dolly interested in their 

4472
04:03:42,700 --> 04:03:44,900
whereabouts. 
The US Marshals would be 

4473
04:03:44,908 --> 04:03:48,200
updating their wanted posters 
and every law enforcement agency

4474
04:03:48,200 --> 04:03:51,400
in Northern California would be 
looking for three men, whose 

4475
04:03:51,400 --> 04:03:54,200
descriptions would be circulated
with the efficiency of a chain 

4476
04:03:54,200 --> 04:03:56,400
letter. 
The immediate challenge was 

4477
04:03:56,400 --> 04:03:58,900
getting off Angel Island before 
their presence was discovered 

4478
04:03:58,900 --> 04:04:01,200
ferry service was out of the 
question. 

4479
04:04:01,200 --> 04:04:04,500
Swimming was no longer appealing
after their previous aquatic 

4480
04:04:04,500 --> 04:04:07,600
experience and commandeering a 
boat would add Maritime theft to

4481
04:04:07,600 --> 04:04:10,500
their growing list of federal 
charges, they needed 

4482
04:04:10,500 --> 04:04:13,000
transportation, that was both 
available and inconspicuous 

4483
04:04:13,000 --> 04:04:16,300
which narrowed their options to 
Creative Solutions, that would 

4484
04:04:16,300 --> 04:04:20,500
have tested the Ingenuity of a 
professional escape artist Their

4485
04:04:20,500 --> 04:04:23,000
prison uniforms had to be 
addressed before they could move

4486
04:04:23,000 --> 04:04:24,600
in public without attracting 
attention. 

4487
04:04:25,800 --> 04:04:28,100
The site of three men in 
drenched federal prison 

4488
04:04:28,100 --> 04:04:29,900
clothing. 
Was likely to spark curiosity, 

4489
04:04:29,900 --> 04:04:34,100
leading to calls to authorities 
in a swift end to their fleeting

4490
04:04:34,100 --> 04:04:36,700
moment of Freedom. 
They needed civilian clothes, 

4491
04:04:36,700 --> 04:04:39,700
which meant finding them through
methods that were available to 

4492
04:04:39,700 --> 04:04:43,200
escaped convicts with no money, 
no connections, and no 

4493
04:04:43,200 --> 04:04:46,900
legitimate means of acquisition.
The morning progressed with the 

4494
04:04:46,900 --> 04:04:49,600
methodical problem solving that 
had characterized their escape 

4495
04:04:49,600 --> 04:04:52,900
planning. 
Frank's intelligence, John's 

4496
04:04:52,900 --> 04:04:56,000
creative resourcefulness and 
clarence's systematic approach 

4497
04:04:56,000 --> 04:04:58,800
were applied to challenges that 
were immediate and practical. 

4498
04:04:59,500 --> 04:05:04,200
Food clothing, transportation 
and avoiding recapture long 

4499
04:05:04,200 --> 04:05:07,000
enough to establish some kind of
sustainable existence outside 

4500
04:05:07,000 --> 04:05:10,600
Federal custody, but even as 
they plan their next moves each 

4501
04:05:10,600 --> 04:05:13,300
manner, understood that their 
escape from Alcatraz was only 

4502
04:05:13,300 --> 04:05:15,000
the beginning of a much longer 
Journey. 

4503
04:05:15,700 --> 04:05:18,000
They had proved that the 
inescapable prison could be 

4504
04:05:18,000 --> 04:05:20,100
escaped. 
But they had also committed 

4505
04:05:20,100 --> 04:05:23,200
themselves to lives as permanent
fugitives in a country where 

4506
04:05:23,200 --> 04:05:26,000
their faces would be known to 
every law enforcement officer 

4507
04:05:26,000 --> 04:05:29,600
from coast to coast. 
The morning sun illuminated, the

4508
04:05:29,600 --> 04:05:31,800
Paradox of their success 
warming. 

4509
04:05:31,800 --> 04:05:34,400
Their salt stiffened clothes and
revealing the California 

4510
04:05:34,400 --> 04:05:39,300
Landscaping shop detail. 
They had a impossible escaping 

4511
04:05:39,300 --> 04:05:42,900
from Alcatraz Federal 
Penitentiary, using improvised 

4512
04:05:42,900 --> 04:05:46,000
tools, handmade equipment and 
planning that have been 

4513
04:05:46,008 --> 04:05:48,800
conducted entirely within the 
most secure prison in America 

4514
04:05:48,800 --> 04:05:52,000
yet their triumphs for 
delivered, the not to freedom, 

4515
04:05:52,000 --> 04:05:53,900
but to a different kind of 
captivity. 

4516
04:05:53,900 --> 04:05:57,400
The hunted existence of men who 
could never again live under 

4517
04:05:57,400 --> 04:06:00,000
their names, or return to the 
places they had known. 

4518
04:06:00,800 --> 04:06:03,600
As they prepared to leave Angel 
Island and begin the next 

4519
04:06:03,600 --> 04:06:05,800
chapter of their story. 
Three men stood at the 

4520
04:06:05,800 --> 04:06:09,100
intersection of Legend and 
reality they had become part of 

4521
04:06:09,100 --> 04:06:12,600
Alcatraz mythology, their escape
joining the annals of impossible

4522
04:06:12,600 --> 04:06:15,300
achievements that Inspire others
to attempt the improbable. 

4523
04:06:16,000 --> 04:06:18,800
But they had also learned that 
escaping from prison is only the

4524
04:06:18,800 --> 04:06:21,900
first step in a journey that 
continues for the rest of their 

4525
04:06:21,900 --> 04:06:24,400
lives. 
However, long those lives might 

4526
04:06:24,400 --> 04:06:28,800
prove to be The Pacific Ocean 
which are tested their resolve 

4527
04:06:28,800 --> 04:06:31,800
and nearly claimed their lives 
stretched behind them like, a 

4528
04:06:31,800 --> 04:06:35,500
liquid barrier between their 
past and their future ahead, lay

4529
04:06:35,500 --> 04:06:38,900
the mainland, with its 
opportunities, and dangers, its 

4530
04:06:38,900 --> 04:06:42,200
promise of freedom, and its 
guarantee of Perpetual Pursuit. 

4531
04:06:43,200 --> 04:06:45,700
Three men who had started. 
As inmates had become fugitives 

4532
04:06:45,700 --> 04:06:48,900
and the story was no longer 
about escaping from Alcatraz. 

4533
04:06:48,900 --> 04:06:51,800
It was about learning to live 
with the consequences of having 

4534
04:06:51,800 --> 04:06:55,100
done the impossible. where the 
Frank Morris and the Anglin 

4535
04:06:55,100 --> 04:06:58,500
Brothers survived their escape 
established new identities and 

4536
04:06:58,500 --> 04:07:01,200
lived out, their days in a 
Anonymous Freedom or whether 

4537
04:07:01,200 --> 04:07:04,500
they perished in the bay that 
night remains, one of America's 

4538
04:07:04,500 --> 04:07:10,500
most enduring Mysteries, On June
of the 11th 1962 three men 

4539
04:07:10,500 --> 04:07:12,700
showed that. 
Even the most secure prison is 

4540
04:07:12,700 --> 04:07:15,700
only a strong as the imagination
of those seeks to contain. 

4541
04:07:15,700 --> 04:07:20,000
They transform themselves from 
criminals into legends from 

4542
04:07:20,000 --> 04:07:23,500
prisoners into symbols of the 
Eternal human desire to be free.

4543
04:07:24,400 --> 04:07:26,400
And somewhere in the Morning, 
Mist rolling off. 

4544
04:07:26,400 --> 04:07:30,400
San Francisco Bay their story 
continues, not as history, but 

4545
04:07:30,400 --> 04:07:34,300
as possibility, not as fact but 
as the kind of truth that grows 

4546
04:07:34,300 --> 04:07:37,300
stronger with each telling 
reminding us that sometimes the 

4547
04:07:37,300 --> 04:07:39,800
most impossible Dreams are the 
ones most worth pursuing. 

4548
04:07:45,200 --> 04:07:48,200
Before there were goddesses that
transformed people into spiders 

4549
04:07:48,200 --> 04:07:50,700
because they were better. 
Weavers, or gods that threw 

4550
04:07:50,700 --> 04:07:53,100
lightning bolts. 
There was just chaos. 

4551
04:07:53,100 --> 04:07:56,200
Not the kind of chaos you get 
when your internet goes down 

4552
04:07:56,200 --> 04:07:59,400
during a crucial video call. 
But real primordial emptiness, 

4553
04:07:59,400 --> 04:08:02,000
you can see why the ancient 
Greek simply Shrugged and 

4554
04:08:02,008 --> 04:08:04,700
referred to it as chaos. 
If you try to explain what 

4555
04:08:04,700 --> 04:08:08,400
existed before existence itself,
the first being appeared from 

4556
04:08:08,400 --> 04:08:12,500
this Cosmic of nothingness, 
Eros, the force of attraction, 

4557
04:08:12,500 --> 04:08:14,900
that would later cause more 
trouble than a dating app. 

4558
04:08:14,900 --> 04:08:18,600
Algorithm gone, awry Tartarus, 
the deepest darkest pit. 

4559
04:08:18,600 --> 04:08:22,300
You can imagine think of your 
basement, but infinitely worse, 

4560
04:08:22,300 --> 04:08:25,900
and with more screaming and Gaia
who was essentially Mother Earth

4561
04:08:25,900 --> 04:08:29,400
before environmental. 
And as was fashionable Being the

4562
04:08:29,400 --> 04:08:32,700
productive type Gaia decided 
that life was boring on its own 

4563
04:08:32,700 --> 04:08:36,100
and made the sky. 
Uranus in ancient Greece, 

4564
04:08:36,100 --> 04:08:39,200
family, trees, resembled family,
wreaths and everything was 

4565
04:08:39,200 --> 04:08:42,400
connected in awkward ways. 
You might think that having your

4566
04:08:42,400 --> 04:08:45,200
mother create your husband 
sounds like the start of serious

4567
04:08:45,200 --> 04:08:48,400
therapy sessions. 
The fact that Uranus and Gaia 

4568
04:08:48,400 --> 04:08:51,100
had children together should 
have been the first clue. 

4569
04:08:51,100 --> 04:08:52,800
That something was amiss in the 
family. 

4570
04:08:52,800 --> 04:08:57,100
Dynamic among their descendants 
with the Titans giant creatures.

4571
04:08:57,100 --> 04:08:59,200
That were essentially the first 
draft of godhood. 

4572
04:09:00,000 --> 04:09:03,300
Strong unkillable and devoid of 
all sense of proportion or 

4573
04:09:03,300 --> 04:09:06,900
self-control consider them Gods 
who have never been trained in 

4574
04:09:06,900 --> 04:09:10,500
customer, service Cronus, who 
would have been a perfect fit at

4575
04:09:10,500 --> 04:09:14,300
any corporate takeover was one 
of these Titans after observing 

4576
04:09:14,300 --> 04:09:17,300
his father. 
Uranus concluded that committing

4577
04:09:17,300 --> 04:09:19,700
patricide, was a great way to 
advance his career. 

4578
04:09:19,700 --> 04:09:23,100
Kronos castrated his father and 
tossed the parts in to the Sea. 

4579
04:09:23,100 --> 04:09:26,200
Using a scythe that is 
supportive mother Gaia had given

4580
04:09:26,200 --> 04:09:27,900
him. 
The fact that this act gave 

4581
04:09:27,900 --> 04:09:31,100
birth to the goddess of love, 
Aphrodite, tells you all, you 

4582
04:09:31,100 --> 04:09:34,300
need to know about the Greeks 
perception of romance, lovely. 

4583
04:09:34,300 --> 04:09:37,400
But with a history, you probably
don't want to delve too deeply 

4584
04:09:37,400 --> 04:09:39,800
into since Uranus was no longer 
involved. 

4585
04:09:39,800 --> 04:09:41,700
Cronus assumed control of the 
universe. 

4586
04:09:41,700 --> 04:09:45,000
Where does sister Rhea again? 
The dynamic of ancient Greek. 

4587
04:09:45,000 --> 04:09:48,200
Families were complex and began 
what ought to have been a 

4588
04:09:48,200 --> 04:09:50,600
peaceful rain. 
But Chronos had heard a prophecy

4589
04:09:50,600 --> 04:09:53,700
that like his father, he would 
be overthrown by one of his 

4590
04:09:53,700 --> 04:09:56,500
children. 
Being a pragmatic person. 

4591
04:09:56,500 --> 04:09:59,000
Cronus came up with a 
straightforward idea of eating 

4592
04:09:59,000 --> 04:10:03,400
each newborn right away at this 
point, the narrative takes a 

4593
04:10:03,400 --> 04:10:05,200
turn that makes even the most 
dysfunctional holiday. 

4594
04:10:05,200 --> 04:10:08,500
Dinners seem like fun as Ria 
watched Cronus gobble up. 

4595
04:10:08,508 --> 04:10:11,000
Their first five children like 
some kind of immortal baby 

4596
04:10:11,000 --> 04:10:13,900
eating monster. 
She was understandably upset 

4597
04:10:13,900 --> 04:10:17,300
about her husband's unusual 
approach to childcare Rhea had 

4598
04:10:17,300 --> 04:10:19,600
finally had enough of this 
particular parenting approach 

4599
04:10:19,600 --> 04:10:23,200
when Zeus their sixth child was 
born Rhea wrapped a stone in 

4600
04:10:23,200 --> 04:10:26,300
swaddling cloths and offered it 
to Cronus instead of baby Zeus. 

4601
04:10:26,300 --> 04:10:30,100
He was presumably to e-girl too 
naive to notice the difference 

4602
04:10:30,100 --> 04:10:32,800
Rhea spirited. 
The real zoo away to be raised 

4603
04:10:32,800 --> 04:10:35,500
in secret by goats and nymphs on
the island of Crete. 

4604
04:10:36,300 --> 04:10:40,100
Which explains much about Zeus's
later personality, while Cronus 

4605
04:10:40,100 --> 04:10:42,200
swallowed, the rock with his 
usual Zeal. 

4606
04:10:42,200 --> 04:10:45,200
Imagine Zeus. 
As a teenager growing up on a 

4607
04:10:45,200 --> 04:10:47,100
Mediterranean island surrounded 
by goats. 

4608
04:10:47,800 --> 04:10:50,200
Discovering that he was destined
to defeat his cannibalistic 

4609
04:10:50,200 --> 04:10:53,700
father and free his siblings 
from their unusual prison. 

4610
04:10:53,700 --> 04:10:56,900
This type of origin story would 
make superhero comics seam 

4611
04:10:56,900 --> 04:10:59,600
uninteresting and it certainly 
clarified, why Zeus never 

4612
04:10:59,600 --> 04:11:03,100
acquired what one could refer to
as typical social skills with 

4613
04:11:03,100 --> 04:11:06,000
the help of metis. 
A titaness whose name means 

4614
04:11:06,000 --> 04:11:09,300
cunning intelligence and who 
would go on to become Zeus's 

4615
04:11:09,300 --> 04:11:12,600
first wife, Zeus returned to 
confront Cronus after. 

4616
04:11:12,600 --> 04:11:16,000
He'd reached adulthood Cronus 
became so sick from the emetic 

4617
04:11:16,000 --> 04:11:18,800
that metis made him throw up, 
Zeus's five siblings in the 

4618
04:11:18,800 --> 04:11:20,500
opposite order that they were 
consumed. 

4619
04:11:20,500 --> 04:11:23,500
Just think of how awkward it 
would be, to be reintroduced to 

4620
04:11:23,500 --> 04:11:26,200
siblings who had lived their 
entire lives and their father's 

4621
04:11:26,200 --> 04:11:29,200
stomach beside him. 
The god of the seas, who had 

4622
04:11:29,208 --> 04:11:31,500
apparently developed, a 
permanent case of motion, 

4623
04:11:31,500 --> 04:11:33,600
sickness from his time, in 
kronos's stomach. 

4624
04:11:34,300 --> 04:11:36,900
Hades, the underworld's destined
ruler. 

4625
04:11:36,900 --> 04:11:39,800
Who was already displaying signs
of preferring Solitude to 

4626
04:11:39,800 --> 04:11:42,300
family? 
Gatherings Hera who had become 

4627
04:11:42,300 --> 04:11:44,500
Zeus's wife and regret it for 
all eternity. 

4628
04:11:44,500 --> 04:11:47,500
Demeter, the Future goddess of 
agriculture. 

4629
04:11:47,500 --> 04:11:50,400
And the only one who appeared to
have come out of the experience 

4630
04:11:50,400 --> 04:11:54,100
with any sense of nurturing and 
Hestia the goddess of the half, 

4631
04:11:54,100 --> 04:11:57,700
who looked at her family and 
decided that staying by the fire

4632
04:11:57,700 --> 04:12:00,400
was far more important than 
participating in their drama. 

4633
04:12:00,400 --> 04:12:03,900
The titanomachy a 10 year war 
between the Titans and the 

4634
04:12:03,908 --> 04:12:07,300
Olympians followed making 
contemporary conflicts seem like

4635
04:12:07,300 --> 04:12:10,000
parking lot. 
Corals Prometheus who was 

4636
04:12:10,008 --> 04:12:13,000
reportedly the only Titan with 
anything approaching foresight, 

4637
04:12:13,000 --> 04:12:16,700
literally what his name meant 
and other Titans who were fed up

4638
04:12:16,700 --> 04:12:19,800
with chronosis management style 
formed an alliance with juice 

4639
04:12:19,800 --> 04:12:22,900
and his siblings natural 
disasters, would seem like minor

4640
04:12:22,900 --> 04:12:25,800
annoyances compared to the 
devastation caused by the war 

4641
04:12:25,800 --> 04:12:27,200
that raged across the Earth and 
Heaven. 

4642
04:12:28,100 --> 04:12:32,400
Oceans, boiled mountains were 
flung like softballs and reality

4643
04:12:32,400 --> 04:12:33,900
itself was strained to its 
limit. 

4644
04:12:33,900 --> 04:12:36,800
Zeus learned that he had 
inherited the ability to control

4645
04:12:36,800 --> 04:12:40,400
lightning and thunder which made
him extremely effective in 

4646
04:12:40,400 --> 04:12:42,200
combat. 
But for the rest of Eternity, 

4647
04:12:42,200 --> 04:12:45,200
utterly awful at having 
conversations indoors. 

4648
04:12:45,200 --> 04:12:48,800
The cloaks were eventually 
released from Tartarus, where 

4649
04:12:48,800 --> 04:12:52,100
Cronus had imprisoned them, due 
to their differences by Zeus as 

4650
04:12:52,100 --> 04:12:55,000
a token of appreciation. 
These one-eyed Smith's created 

4651
04:12:55,000 --> 04:12:59,300
Hades helmet of invisibility 
Poseidon's, trident and Zeus's. 

4652
04:12:59,300 --> 04:13:02,500
Well, known Thunderbolts. 
It was like getting the ultimate

4653
04:13:02,500 --> 04:13:05,300
package of divine weapons with 
eternal warranties. 

4654
04:13:05,300 --> 04:13:09,400
Zeus release of the 100th being 
so strong and terrifying that 

4655
04:13:09,400 --> 04:13:11,800
even Cronus had been terrified 
of the marked. 

4656
04:13:11,800 --> 04:13:14,000
A turning point. 
The Titans were ultimately 

4657
04:13:14,000 --> 04:13:17,200
vanquished by the Olympians with
the help of these allies and 

4658
04:13:17,200 --> 04:13:19,900
they were banished to Tartarus 
where they would live forever 

4659
04:13:19,900 --> 04:13:22,600
thinking about the consequences 
of choosing the wrong side. 

4660
04:13:22,600 --> 04:13:26,400
In a family conflict, the three 
brother Gods, the universe like 

4661
04:13:26,400 --> 04:13:28,800
Partners dividing a business, 
After winning the battle. 

4662
04:13:29,800 --> 04:13:32,100
With all the wisdom and 
self-control of a child who had 

4663
04:13:32,100 --> 04:13:36,000
never learned to share toys, 
Zeus took the sky and assumed 

4664
04:13:36,000 --> 04:13:39,100
the role of King of the Gods. 
Because the Seas were large, 

4665
04:13:39,100 --> 04:13:41,000
strong, and prone to abrupt 
violence. 

4666
04:13:41,000 --> 04:13:43,800
Storms. 
Deciding them, which was a 

4667
04:13:43,800 --> 04:13:46,800
perfect fit for his temperament 
although his brother's initially

4668
04:13:46,800 --> 04:13:48,200
believed. 
They had gotten a better deal. 

4669
04:13:48,200 --> 04:13:51,300
Hades would demonstrate that he 
was arguably the most powerful 

4670
04:13:51,300 --> 04:13:54,600
of the three because he can 
control both death and wealth. 

4671
04:13:55,300 --> 04:13:58,700
Hades drew, the underworld Zeus 
and his siblings needed a 

4672
04:13:58,700 --> 04:14:01,300
headquarters worthy of their 
Newfound position as universal 

4673
04:14:01,300 --> 04:14:04,300
rulers after they defeated their
father and won the cosmic 

4674
04:14:04,300 --> 04:14:06,400
Lottery. 
They picked Mount Olympus 

4675
04:14:06,400 --> 04:14:09,600
Greece's highest peak in part 
because of the breathtaking 

4676
04:14:09,600 --> 04:14:13,100
views and in part because it was
close enough to humans to meddle

4677
04:14:13,100 --> 04:14:15,000
in human Affairs, whenever they 
felt bored. 

4678
04:14:15,000 --> 04:14:18,500
But far enough away to preserve 
a sense of mystery with its 

4679
04:14:18,500 --> 04:14:21,600
Golden Palaces and brochure 
Gardens and overall sense of 

4680
04:14:21,600 --> 04:14:25,600
divine superiority Mount Olympus
developed into the first gated 

4681
04:14:25,600 --> 04:14:28,700
community in the ancient world. 
While the other gods set up 

4682
04:14:28,700 --> 04:14:30,800
their own Realms within this 
Celestial neighborhood. 

4683
04:14:30,800 --> 04:14:34,200
Zeus hired the cyclopes to 
construct him, a throne room 

4684
04:14:34,200 --> 04:14:37,000
that would make any Earthly 
Palace appear like a garden 

4685
04:14:37,000 --> 04:14:40,400
shed, a family tree that would 
make any genealogist question. 

4686
04:14:40,400 --> 04:14:44,000
Their sanity was represented by 
the 12th and gods who would 

4687
04:14:44,000 --> 04:14:47,400
govern from this mountain 
Paradise suits had never met a 

4688
04:14:47,400 --> 04:14:49,200
Divine being. 
He didn't want to have children 

4689
04:14:49,200 --> 04:14:52,300
with regardless of whether he 
was married to someone else at 

4690
04:14:52,300 --> 04:14:54,800
the time. 
So the pantheon grew to include 

4691
04:14:54,800 --> 04:14:58,900
some of Children, in addition to
the original six siblings, Zeus 

4692
04:14:58,900 --> 04:15:02,400
and the titaness Leto had twin 
children Apollo and Artemis who 

4693
04:15:02,400 --> 04:15:04,900
introduced hunting. 
Archery, poetry and music. 

4694
04:15:04,900 --> 04:15:08,100
To the Divine family Apollo was 
the first Triple Threat 

4695
04:15:08,100 --> 04:15:11,200
performer in the ancient world, 
becoming the god of the sun 

4696
04:15:11,200 --> 04:15:14,000
music and prophecy as the 
goddess of the hunt. 

4697
04:15:14,000 --> 04:15:16,800
And the moon Artemis made the 
decision to remain eternally 

4698
04:15:16,800 --> 04:15:19,100
virgin. 
So, she avoided her relatives 

4699
04:15:19,100 --> 04:15:22,400
Drama by spending most family, 
get togethers in the woods after

4700
04:15:22,400 --> 04:15:25,100
Zeus swallowed. 
Her pregnant mother metis to 

4701
04:15:25,100 --> 04:15:27,300
stop a prophecy that is 
children, would overthrow him 

4702
04:15:27,300 --> 04:15:31,100
Athena grew fully from his head 
armed and prepared for battle. 

4703
04:15:31,100 --> 04:15:34,200
Everyone seemed to be unaware of
the irony that Zeus was now 

4704
04:15:34,200 --> 04:15:37,500
adopting his father's child 
eating tactic albeit in a 

4705
04:15:37,500 --> 04:15:40,000
different way. 
Being born from your father's 

4706
04:15:40,000 --> 04:15:41,700
skull. 
After eight, your mother did not

4707
04:15:41,700 --> 04:15:45,200
prevent you from becoming one of
the most revered Gods as Athena 

4708
04:15:45,200 --> 04:15:48,100
went on, to become a goddess of 
wisdom and war after Cronus 

4709
04:15:48,100 --> 04:15:50,900
castrated. 
Uranus Aphrodite emerged from 

4710
04:15:50,900 --> 04:15:54,300
the Sea Foam, bringing Beauty 
and love to Olympus and more 

4711
04:15:54,300 --> 04:15:56,400
relationship drama. 
Than a soap opera during the 

4712
04:15:56,408 --> 04:15:59,500
day, she had a knack for making 
everyone fall in love with the 

4713
04:15:59,500 --> 04:16:00,900
wrong. 
People at the worst possible 

4714
04:16:00,900 --> 04:16:03,800
times. 
So her very presence ensured 

4715
04:16:03,800 --> 04:16:05,200
that. 
No, Divine Gathering would be 

4716
04:16:05,200 --> 04:16:10,100
peaceful Zeus's, son with Hera 
Ari's became a God of War, but 

4717
04:16:10,100 --> 04:16:12,800
not the kind of war that Athena 
stood for one, that was 

4718
04:16:12,800 --> 04:16:17,000
strategic and Noble Rees, who is
basically the Divine counterpart

4719
04:16:17,000 --> 04:16:20,100
of that relative who turns every
family Barbecue into a political

4720
04:16:20,100 --> 04:16:24,100
argument was more interested in 
the violent, bloody and chaotic 

4721
04:16:24,100 --> 04:16:26,700
aspects of combat. 
It says something about his 

4722
04:16:26,700 --> 04:16:28,800
character that even his own 
parents didn't like him. 

4723
04:16:28,800 --> 04:16:32,600
Depending on your preferred 
version of the story, a feist 

4724
04:16:32,600 --> 04:16:34,900
us, the god of fire. 
And metalworking was either 

4725
04:16:34,900 --> 04:16:38,700
Heroes Son by himself or another
child of Zeus and Hera Hera 

4726
04:16:38,700 --> 04:16:41,200
through him off Mount Olympus 
and shame because he was so ugly

4727
04:16:41,200 --> 04:16:45,000
and had a serious disability 
from birth after surviving the 

4728
04:16:45,000 --> 04:16:47,400
fall and learning from seen him,
how to make things. 

4729
04:16:47,400 --> 04:16:50,800
A feisty has returned to Olympus
as the main maker of impossible 

4730
04:16:50,800 --> 04:16:53,900
things for the gods, his Forge 
evolved in to the Heavenly 

4731
04:16:53,900 --> 04:16:57,000
equivalent of a posh custom. 
Shop crafting everything from 

4732
04:16:57,000 --> 04:17:00,200
Achilles armor to Zeus 
Thunderbolts anybody who had 

4733
04:17:00,200 --> 04:17:02,800
ever dealt with ancient Commerce
would understand why Hermes 

4734
04:17:02,800 --> 04:17:06,000
Zeus's son with the nymph Maya. 
Became the messenger. 

4735
04:17:06,000 --> 04:17:09,200
God, the underworld's guide, and
the patron of Travelers, 

4736
04:17:09,200 --> 04:17:13,800
merchants and thieves, Hermes 
served, as the gods translator 

4737
04:17:13,800 --> 04:17:17,200
and Diplomat as well, which was 
extremely helpful in a household

4738
04:17:17,200 --> 04:17:20,300
where poor communication 
frequently resulted in plagues 

4739
04:17:20,300 --> 04:17:24,200
Wars and the transformation of 
humans into different plants and

4740
04:17:24,200 --> 04:17:27,000
animals because she was 
primarily concerned with 

4741
04:17:27,000 --> 04:17:29,900
providing food for Mortals 
rather than becoming embroiled 

4742
04:17:29,900 --> 04:17:32,800
in the power struggles and 
romantic entanglements, that 

4743
04:17:32,800 --> 04:17:36,600
consumed, her siblings, Demeter 
the goddess of agriculture and 

4744
04:17:36,600 --> 04:17:39,700
the Harvest remained. 
One of the more stable figures 

4745
04:17:39,700 --> 04:17:42,900
in the pantheon later when her 
daughter Persephone became the 

4746
04:17:42,900 --> 04:17:46,100
focus of the first kidnapping 
scandal in the Underworld, her 

4747
04:17:46,100 --> 04:17:48,600
major drama would unfold. 
You would think that the 

4748
04:17:48,600 --> 04:17:52,100
Olympians would have spent their
time as Sage kind Lords of the 

4749
04:17:52,100 --> 04:17:55,000
universe after they had taken up
residence, in their new digs and

4750
04:17:55,000 --> 04:17:57,200
established their various Divine
portfolios. 

4751
04:17:57,200 --> 04:18:00,100
Rather they acted like a very 
strong hybrid of middle 

4752
04:18:00,100 --> 04:18:02,800
management. 
And reality TV stars, complete 

4753
04:18:02,800 --> 04:18:05,000
with the petty envious and bad 
decision-making. 

4754
04:18:05,300 --> 04:18:08,000
Rates that go along with that, 
with his views on marriage, 

4755
04:18:08,000 --> 04:18:12,200
loyalty and Leadership Zeus. 
The king of the Gods established

4756
04:18:12,200 --> 04:18:15,200
the standard for the entire 
Pantheon, Zeus, pursued, 

4757
04:18:15,200 --> 04:18:18,600
romantic relationships with 
Gods, nymphs, and Mortals with 

4758
04:18:18,600 --> 04:18:20,800
the Zeal of someone collecting 
rare stamps. 

4759
04:18:20,800 --> 04:18:23,800
Treating monogamy as more of a 
suggestion than a commitment, 

4760
04:18:23,800 --> 04:18:27,400
even though he was married to 
Hera his inventive methods of 

4761
04:18:27,408 --> 04:18:30,300
courtship involved changing into
different animals, natural 

4762
04:18:30,300 --> 04:18:32,400
phenomena, and inanimate 
objects. 

4763
04:18:32,400 --> 04:18:35,700
Anything, it took to get past is
Target's common sense or his 

4764
04:18:35,700 --> 04:18:39,400
wife's crying eyes for her part.
Hera handled her husband's 

4765
04:18:39,400 --> 04:18:42,400
adultery with the forbearance of
someone who had long since given

4766
04:18:42,400 --> 04:18:45,800
up on a traditional marriage and
determined that retaliation was 

4767
04:18:45,800 --> 04:18:47,400
more fulfilling than 
forgiveness. 

4768
04:18:47,400 --> 04:18:49,600
Zeus did control lightning after
all. 

4769
04:18:49,600 --> 04:18:52,500
So here are usually vented, her 
resentment on Zeus's lovers and 

4770
04:18:52,500 --> 04:18:54,900
their offspring. 
Rather than directly facing Zeus

4771
04:18:54,900 --> 04:18:58,400
with its imaginative, tortures, 
impossible, tasks and 

4772
04:18:58,400 --> 04:19:00,300
Transformations. 
That would make contemporary 

4773
04:19:00,300 --> 04:19:03,100
horror films. 
Seem mild a persecution of 

4774
04:19:03,100 --> 04:19:05,200
Zeus's Conquest became so 
methodical. 

4775
04:19:05,300 --> 04:19:08,400
That it resembled A Small 
industry, the marriage of the 

4776
04:19:08,400 --> 04:19:11,100
couple turned into an example of
how to fail at managing 

4777
04:19:11,100 --> 04:19:15,100
relationship issues. 
When Zeus had an affair here, I 

4778
04:19:15,100 --> 04:19:17,300
would discover it and punish 
everyone but Zeus. 

4779
04:19:17,300 --> 04:19:20,400
Zeus would then get upset about 
Harrah's meddling and the 

4780
04:19:20,400 --> 04:19:23,800
ensuing marital conflict would 
materialize as natural disasters

4781
04:19:23,800 --> 04:19:26,800
that would make life miserable 
for everyone on the planet 

4782
04:19:26,800 --> 04:19:32,200
frequently, earthquakes, floods,
droughts and plagues were merely

4783
04:19:32,200 --> 04:19:35,300
unintended consequences of the 
Divine couple resolving their 

4784
04:19:35,300 --> 04:19:38,100
problems. 
Meanwhile Poseidon, who 

4785
04:19:38,100 --> 04:19:40,000
governed. 
The Seas approached marriage 

4786
04:19:40,000 --> 04:19:43,200
with the same temperament that 
his brother did because Poseidon

4787
04:19:43,200 --> 04:19:45,600
was Notorious for taking 
personal offense, as small 

4788
04:19:45,600 --> 04:19:48,600
slights and expressing his refer
through storms. 

4789
04:19:48,600 --> 04:19:53,100
That could sink entire fleet sea
monsters and tsunamis Sailors 

4790
04:19:53,100 --> 04:19:55,100
learned to make offerings before
every Voyage. 

4791
04:19:55,100 --> 04:19:58,900
Not because they were deeply 
religious, he was the type of 

4792
04:19:58,900 --> 04:20:01,800
God who would destroy your ship,
because he didn't, like the way 

4793
04:20:01,800 --> 04:20:04,900
you treated him and then accuse 
you of not treating him with the

4794
04:20:04,900 --> 04:20:06,900
respect. 
He deserved with less 

4795
04:20:06,900 --> 04:20:09,300
shape-shifting and more 
involuntary conversion of his 

4796
04:20:09,300 --> 04:20:11,400
romantic interests into various 
sea creatures. 

4797
04:20:11,400 --> 04:20:15,500
The Sea Gods love life, was 
nearly as complicated as Zoo's 

4798
04:20:15,500 --> 04:20:18,900
beside and reportedly thought 
that the ideal way to remember A

4799
04:20:18,900 --> 04:20:21,700
Love Affair was to transform his
ex-lover into a species of fish 

4800
04:20:21,700 --> 04:20:25,600
or a coral reef resulting in a 
Mediterranean teeming with 

4801
04:20:25,600 --> 04:20:29,100
aquatic creatures with deeply 
personal history, as the lord of

4802
04:20:29,108 --> 04:20:32,100
the underworld Hades gained a 
reputation for being the most 

4803
04:20:32,100 --> 04:20:35,500
practical of the Three Brothers.
Presumably due to the fact that 

4804
04:20:35,500 --> 04:20:38,700
handling the Dead Called for 
more administrative expertise 

4805
04:20:38,700 --> 04:20:41,500
than artistic Flair with 
appropriate admissions. 

4806
04:20:41,500 --> 04:20:44,800
Procedures classification, 
schemes for various Soul types 

4807
04:20:44,800 --> 04:20:48,000
and explicit protocols for 
exceptional situations. 

4808
04:20:48,000 --> 04:20:52,000
The underworld functioned like a
well-run bureaucracy, Hades, 

4809
04:20:52,000 --> 04:20:54,500
avoided most of his family's 
drama and concentrated on the 

4810
04:20:54,500 --> 04:20:57,400
pragmatics of divine rule 
because he seldom left his 

4811
04:20:57,400 --> 04:21:00,000
domain. 
Even though they were twins 

4812
04:21:00,000 --> 04:21:02,900
Apollo and Artemis had quite 
different approaches to their 

4813
04:21:02,900 --> 04:21:06,300
Divine duties with the Zeal of a
performer who never encountered 

4814
04:21:06,300 --> 04:21:07,900
an audience, he didn't wish to 
Dazzle. 

4815
04:21:08,700 --> 04:21:12,400
Pollo embraced his role as the 
god of poetry music and the son 

4816
04:21:12,400 --> 04:21:16,800
he inspired poets created Music.
Contests and moved the son of 

4817
04:21:16,808 --> 04:21:20,100
the sky every day with the 
punctuality of someone who knew 

4818
04:21:20,100 --> 04:21:21,600
that crops and plants relied on 
him. 

4819
04:21:21,600 --> 04:21:24,600
On the other hand, Artemis 
approached her responsibilities,

4820
04:21:24,600 --> 04:21:27,900
as the moon and Hunt goddess 
with the gravity of a wildlife 

4821
04:21:27,900 --> 04:21:30,300
preserve manager. 
She kept a pack of hunting 

4822
04:21:30,300 --> 04:21:33,300
hounds that could follow anyone 
over any terrain, demanded 

4823
04:21:33,300 --> 04:21:36,800
complete Chastity from her 
followers and dealt swiftly, and

4824
04:21:36,800 --> 04:21:39,900
often fatally with those who 
disobeyed her a successful hunt 

4825
04:21:39,900 --> 04:21:42,500
followed by an evening. 
With her nymphs away from the 

4826
04:21:42,500 --> 04:21:44,700
complexity of Olympic family 
Dynamics. 

4827
04:21:44,700 --> 04:21:48,700
Was her idea of a good time with
the methodical accuracy of a 

4828
04:21:48,700 --> 04:21:51,300
military strategist and the 
intellectual curiosity of a 

4829
04:21:51,300 --> 04:21:54,000
scholar. 
Athena approached her dual roles

4830
04:21:54,000 --> 04:21:57,800
as goddess of wisdom and warfare
after defeating Poseidon in a 

4831
04:21:57,800 --> 04:22:00,000
competition to determine who 
could give the city, the most 

4832
04:22:00,008 --> 04:22:02,800
useful gift. 
She was made the patron goddess 

4833
04:22:02,800 --> 04:22:05,400
of Athens. 
Athena offered an olive tree 

4834
04:22:05,400 --> 04:22:08,400
while Poseidon offered a 
saltwater Spring by selecting 

4835
04:22:08,400 --> 04:22:10,200
the tree. 
The Athenians showed that even 

4836
04:22:10,200 --> 04:22:13,800
in Antiquity people valued 
sustainable agriculture over 

4837
04:22:13,800 --> 04:22:16,900
ostentatious, but unworkable 
gestures examining. 

4838
04:22:16,900 --> 04:22:20,500
Aphrodite is distinct role in 
Divine chaos is essential to any

4839
04:22:20,500 --> 04:22:23,400
discussion of Olympic 
dysfunction, Aphrodite. 

4840
04:22:23,400 --> 04:22:26,800
The Goddess of beauty and love 
had the ability to make anyone 

4841
04:22:26,800 --> 04:22:30,000
fall in love with anyone else. 
Regardless of their existing 

4842
04:22:30,000 --> 04:22:33,600
relationships tastes or common 
sense, with all the Restraint of

4843
04:22:33,600 --> 04:22:36,600
someone who had been granted 
access to a nuclear reactor and 

4844
04:22:36,600 --> 04:22:39,700
told it was a new type of 
NightLight she used this 

4845
04:22:39,700 --> 04:22:43,100
ability. 
Aphrodite is own romantic life. 

4846
04:22:43,100 --> 04:22:45,800
So served as an example of the 
difficulties, her realm could 

4847
04:22:45,800 --> 04:22:48,200
bring about. 
She had an egregious affair with

4848
04:22:48,200 --> 04:22:51,300
orys the God of War, even though
she was married to her, faceless

4849
04:22:51,300 --> 04:22:53,500
the most loving and loyal of the
Gods. 

4850
04:22:53,500 --> 04:22:56,300
The Greeks were fascinated by 
The Cosmic irony. 

4851
04:22:56,300 --> 04:22:59,000
That resulted from the 
relationship between the God of 

4852
04:22:59,000 --> 04:23:02,200
War and the goddess of love. 
It seemed that the two or more 

4853
04:23:02,208 --> 04:23:05,400
closely related than anyone 
wanted to acknowledge one of 

4854
04:23:05,400 --> 04:23:07,800
Olympus is biggest scandals 
arose from their Affair. 

4855
04:23:07,800 --> 04:23:11,300
When her feisty leaving his wife
was cheating, created an 

4856
04:23:11,300 --> 04:23:14,700
impenetrable invisible web. 
After putting it over his 

4857
04:23:14,700 --> 04:23:17,500
marital bed, he declared that he
would be gone for a few days 

4858
04:23:17,500 --> 04:23:20,500
believing. 
They had privacy Aphrodite and 

4859
04:23:20,500 --> 04:23:22,900
Aries were caught in the act 
when the net and snared them in 

4860
04:23:22,900 --> 04:23:26,400
a precarious situation. 
The other gods were then invited

4861
04:23:26,400 --> 04:23:29,000
by her Feist to observe his 
wife's disloyalty. 

4862
04:23:29,000 --> 04:23:31,600
The goddess is remained at home 
in embarrassment. 

4863
04:23:31,600 --> 04:23:35,800
While the male Gods came to gaze
and chuckle the entire incident 

4864
04:23:35,800 --> 04:23:38,400
showed that even Divine beings 
could suffer public humiliation 

4865
04:23:38,400 --> 04:23:41,300
comparable to that of 
contemporary social media 

4866
04:23:41,300 --> 04:23:43,300
scandals. 
Greek mythologies. 

4867
04:23:43,300 --> 04:23:46,300
Most well known Tales are the 
result of Aphrodite meddling in 

4868
04:23:46,300 --> 04:23:49,500
Mortal Affairs, Aphrodite 
bribed, Paris of Troy with the 

4869
04:23:49,500 --> 04:23:52,600
love of Helen who was already 
married to Menelaus of Sparta 

4870
04:23:52,600 --> 04:23:56,200
starting the Trojan War, which 
claimed thousands of lives. 

4871
04:23:56,200 --> 04:23:58,100
And destroyed. 
One of the greatest cities in 

4872
04:23:58,100 --> 04:24:01,700
Antiquity Paris is choice of 
Aphrodite is offer over here and

4873
04:24:01,700 --> 04:24:05,100
Athena's Alternatives set off a 
series of events that would 

4874
04:24:05,100 --> 04:24:08,400
change the ancient world and 
Inspire epic poetry for 

4875
04:24:08,400 --> 04:24:11,000
centuries to come. 
Additionally, the goddess was 

4876
04:24:11,000 --> 04:24:13,700
skilled at fabricating and 
probable romantic scenarios. 

4877
04:24:13,700 --> 04:24:17,300
She caused King Minos of Crete's
wife, pacifier to fall in love 

4878
04:24:17,300 --> 04:24:20,300
with a ball, which resulted in 
the creation of the Minotaur and

4879
04:24:20,300 --> 04:24:22,700
the requirement for a complex 
Labyrinth to keep the beast. 

4880
04:24:22,700 --> 04:24:24,900
In check, she made Mira fallen 
in love with. 

4881
04:24:25,000 --> 04:24:28,400
Own father which led to a family
Scandal that even the gods found

4882
04:24:28,400 --> 04:24:31,700
awkward and the birth of Adonis,
she inspired the sculptor 

4883
04:24:31,700 --> 04:24:33,700
pigmalion to fall in love with 
his own statue. 

4884
04:24:33,700 --> 04:24:37,000
But in that instance she felt 
sorry for him and made the 

4885
04:24:37,000 --> 04:24:40,500
Statue come to life as galatea. 
Aphrodite is approached to her 

4886
04:24:40,500 --> 04:24:43,300
Divine duties, was exemplified 
by these interventions. 

4887
04:24:44,000 --> 04:24:47,200
She felt that love was the most 
potent force in the universe and

4888
04:24:47,200 --> 04:24:48,800
that everyone should experience 
it. 

4889
04:24:48,800 --> 04:24:52,400
Regardless of whether they 
desired, it were prepared for it

4890
04:24:52,400 --> 04:24:56,700
or could bear its consequences. 
A gift of love was like getting 

4891
04:24:56,700 --> 04:25:00,900
a wild animal as a pet. 
Beautiful, thrilling and able to

4892
04:25:00,900 --> 04:25:03,400
ruin your entire life. 
If you don't treat it with the 

4893
04:25:03,400 --> 04:25:07,300
respect it deserves, Aphrodite 
is meddling in their Affairs, 

4894
04:25:07,300 --> 04:25:09,000
taught the other gods to be 
cautious. 

4895
04:25:09,000 --> 04:25:11,800
She was not above using her 
power to settle scores, or 

4896
04:25:11,800 --> 04:25:14,700
further her own agenda and she 
could make them fall in love 

4897
04:25:14,700 --> 04:25:17,800
with Mortals with each other, or
with totally inappropriate 

4898
04:25:17,800 --> 04:25:20,400
targets. 
The last things you needed was 

4899
04:25:20,400 --> 04:25:23,500
for hero to have Divine help. 
Complicate, his already complex,

4900
04:25:23,500 --> 04:25:26,100
love life. 
So even he was cautious, not to 

4901
04:25:26,100 --> 04:25:29,100
offend his daughter too much. 
Despite his own difficult 

4902
04:25:29,100 --> 04:25:32,300
relationship with Fidelity 
Hermes approached, godhood like 

4903
04:25:32,300 --> 04:25:35,700
someone attempting to construct 
the perfect resume or as his 

4904
04:25:35,700 --> 04:25:38,800
fellow Olympians focused on 
specific facets of divine 

4905
04:25:38,800 --> 04:25:42,100
responsibility, despite having 
more job titles than a 

4906
04:25:42,100 --> 04:25:45,600
contemporary startup CEO. 
Hermes was able to excel at all 

4907
04:25:45,600 --> 04:25:48,400
of the messenger of the Gods 
Guide. 

4908
04:25:48,400 --> 04:25:52,200
To the underworld hate of 
merchants protector of Travelers

4909
04:25:52,200 --> 04:25:56,800
and divine sponsor of Thieves 
Hermes, adaptability resulted 

4910
04:25:56,800 --> 04:26:00,400
from both necessity, and his 
personality being Zeus's 

4911
04:26:00,400 --> 04:26:03,000
youngest son, he had to 
establish his own place in a 

4912
04:26:03,008 --> 04:26:06,400
Pantheon, or is older more. 
Established relatives had 

4913
04:26:06,400 --> 04:26:09,500
already claimed all the evident 
Divine portfolio's being the 

4914
04:26:09,500 --> 04:26:10,800
god. 
You called, when you needed 

4915
04:26:10,800 --> 04:26:14,300
something done, fast, quietly, 
or creatively was his answer to 

4916
04:26:14,300 --> 04:26:17,700
become an indispensable, to 
everyone, both Divine and Mortal

4917
04:26:17,700 --> 04:26:19,800
his position as a Divine 
messenger. 

4918
04:26:19,800 --> 04:26:23,100
Demanded diplomatic abilities 
that would stump experts and 

4919
04:26:23,100 --> 04:26:26,400
contemporary international 
relations, Hermes frequently, 

4920
04:26:26,400 --> 04:26:29,800
mediated truces in Wars where 
both sides viewed compromise as 

4921
04:26:29,800 --> 04:26:32,700
a sign of weakness, delivered 
news that would have made 

4922
04:26:32,700 --> 04:26:34,300
recipients want to shoot the 
messenger. 

4923
04:26:35,200 --> 04:26:37,700
Except that he was Immortal and 
Incredibly Swift. 

4924
04:26:38,600 --> 04:26:42,000
Carried messages between Gods 
who were actively attempting to 

4925
04:26:42,000 --> 04:26:43,600
kill one. 
Another escorting. 

4926
04:26:43,600 --> 04:26:46,100
Souls to the underworld was 
another of the messenger Gods 

4927
04:26:46,100 --> 04:26:49,200
responsibilities. 
This task called for a special 

4928
04:26:49,208 --> 04:26:52,800
blend of efficiency and empathy 
without becoming overly invested

4929
04:26:52,800 --> 04:26:56,300
in each person's unique story, 
Hermes had to assist recently 

4930
04:26:56,300 --> 04:26:58,700
deceased Mortals in 
comprehending, their predicament

4931
04:26:58,700 --> 04:27:02,400
navigating, the formalities of 
death and transporting them to 

4932
04:27:02,400 --> 04:27:05,900
their ultimate destinations with
a path that extended from Earth 

4933
04:27:05,900 --> 04:27:09,300
to the lowest reaches of Hades. 
It was similar to being a cosmic

4934
04:27:09,300 --> 04:27:12,900
social worker Hermes recognized 
that last knee and Camaros were 

4935
04:27:12,900 --> 04:27:15,600
frequently separated by little 
more than legal nuances, and 

4936
04:27:15,600 --> 04:27:19,300
clever marketing, which is why 
he supported both thieves and 

4937
04:27:19,300 --> 04:27:22,500
Merchants the skills. 
Necessary for ancient trade, 

4938
04:27:22,500 --> 04:27:26,000
such as the ability to quickly 
determine value, negotiate under

4939
04:27:26,000 --> 04:27:28,200
pressure and occasionally make 
quick exits. 

4940
04:27:28,200 --> 04:27:31,100
When deals went wrong were very 
similar to those needed for 

4941
04:27:31,100 --> 04:27:33,500
theft though. 
He favored his Protege to 

4942
04:27:33,500 --> 04:27:36,300
concentrate on the former 
whenever feasible Hermes. 

4943
04:27:36,300 --> 04:27:39,300
Recognized, the entrepreneurial 
spirit in And both legal 

4944
04:27:39,300 --> 04:27:43,400
business and creative theft 
since travel was risky uncertain

4945
04:27:43,400 --> 04:27:47,000
and necessary for survival. 
In those days, he was one of the

4946
04:27:47,000 --> 04:27:49,700
most widely worshiped gods in 
Antiquity for protecting 

4947
04:27:49,700 --> 04:27:52,200
Travelers prayers. 
To Hermes, could mean the 

4948
04:27:52,200 --> 04:27:55,500
difference between arriving at 
your destination and becoming a 

4949
04:27:55,500 --> 04:27:57,100
cautionary tale for future 
Travelers. 

4950
04:27:57,100 --> 04:28:01,300
His symbols, also indicated safe
lodging and trusted Merchants. 

4951
04:28:01,300 --> 04:28:05,500
Hermes is roadside shrines 
marked, safe, places to rest the

4952
04:28:05,500 --> 04:28:08,000
gods creativity. 
Went beyond his work obligations

4953
04:28:08,000 --> 04:28:11,000
to include his Hobbies after 
transforming a tortoise shell 

4954
04:28:11,000 --> 04:28:14,600
into a musical instrument 
Hermes, created the liar, and 

4955
04:28:14,600 --> 04:28:17,400
gave it to Apollo in return for 
being acknowledged as the Divine

4956
04:28:17,400 --> 04:28:21,000
patron of animal husbandry, in 
addition, to creating the first 

4957
04:28:21,000 --> 04:28:23,900
alphabet, and the panpipes. 
He also set the rules for 

4958
04:28:23,900 --> 04:28:26,400
athletic competitions. 
Like someone who viewed 

4959
04:28:26,400 --> 04:28:29,100
immortality as a chance to 
become an expert in every 

4960
04:28:29,100 --> 04:28:32,300
possible skill and Pastime. 
His Creative Energy seemed 

4961
04:28:32,300 --> 04:28:35,700
Limitless because of his many 
roles that kept him busy and on 

4962
04:28:35,700 --> 04:28:39,000
the road, as well, as the fact 
that he had mastered the Art of 

4963
04:28:39,000 --> 04:28:42,200
remaining impartial in family 
disputes, Hermes is relationship

4964
04:28:42,200 --> 04:28:44,900
with his family, was noticeably 
more harmonious than most 

4965
04:28:44,900 --> 04:28:47,600
Olympic relationships in 
general. 

4966
04:28:47,600 --> 04:28:50,300
He was the family member who 
could be relied upon, not to 

4967
04:28:50,300 --> 04:28:54,100
exacerbate already, existing 
issues mediated compromises that

4968
04:28:54,100 --> 04:28:57,600
allowed everyone to save face 
and conveyed messages between 

4969
04:28:57,600 --> 04:28:59,700
warring relatives without taking
sides. 

4970
04:28:59,700 --> 04:29:02,900
Perhaps because he was too busy 
to become deeply involved in the

4971
04:29:02,908 --> 04:29:05,500
kind of dramatic relationships 
that took up so much of his 

4972
04:29:05,500 --> 04:29:08,000
family's time. 
His romantic life was 

4973
04:29:08,000 --> 04:29:10,200
surprisingly simple. 
In comparison to theirs, 

4974
04:29:10,200 --> 04:29:13,100
although Hermes had 
relationships and Affairs, they 

4975
04:29:13,100 --> 04:29:16,100
were usually short-lived 
Pleasant and devoid of the 

4976
04:29:16,108 --> 04:29:20,300
curses Metamorphoses and natural
catastrophes that marked other 

4977
04:29:20,300 --> 04:29:24,000
Divine romance's Demeter was 
arguably, the most useful and 

4978
04:29:24,000 --> 04:29:25,300
necessary of all the Olympic 
Gods. 

4979
04:29:25,300 --> 04:29:28,800
She governed whether people ate 
or starved where the crops 

4980
04:29:28,800 --> 04:29:32,500
thrived or faild and whether 
civilization survived or fell 

4981
04:29:32,500 --> 04:29:35,100
apart due to famine as the 
goddess of agriculture, the 

4982
04:29:35,100 --> 04:29:37,200
Harvest and the fertility of the
earth. 

4983
04:29:37,200 --> 04:29:40,100
She was one of the more steady 
independable members of the 

4984
04:29:40,100 --> 04:29:42,800
pantheon because of her work, 
which required patience 

4985
04:29:42,800 --> 04:29:46,100
attention to detail and a 
thorough, understanding of 

4986
04:29:46,100 --> 04:29:48,500
natural cycles Demeter. 
Took her Heavenly 

4987
04:29:48,500 --> 04:29:51,600
responsibility. 
Seriously, as if she knew that 

4988
04:29:51,600 --> 04:29:55,300
her actions had a direct impact 
on millions of lives with the 

4989
04:29:55,308 --> 04:29:58,100
commitment of assigned test, and
the power of someone, who could 

4990
04:29:58,100 --> 04:29:59,800
personally modify these 
variables. 

4991
04:29:59,800 --> 04:30:03,700
When needed, She kept an eye on 
plant diseases, where the 

4992
04:30:03,700 --> 04:30:07,100
patterns and soil conditions 
because Demeter's mood could 

4993
04:30:07,100 --> 04:30:10,200
affect whether their family, 
survived the winter Farmers, 

4994
04:30:10,200 --> 04:30:13,000
learned to keep an eye out for 
indications of her favor or 

4995
04:30:13,000 --> 04:30:15,000
disapproval. 
In contrast to some of her 

4996
04:30:15,000 --> 04:30:18,100
relatives who appear to see 
humans, mainly as Amusement. 

4997
04:30:18,100 --> 04:30:21,600
She had a generally positive 
relationship with Mortals, 

4998
04:30:21,600 --> 04:30:24,700
Demetra established, the 
religious festivals that enabled

4999
04:30:24,700 --> 04:30:27,700
communities to commemorate 
Bountiful harvests, while 

5000
04:30:27,700 --> 04:30:31,000
preparing for the upcoming lean 
months, taught agriculture to 

5001
04:30:31,000 --> 04:30:34,300
early civilizations and imparted
the knowledge of bread making 

5002
04:30:34,300 --> 04:30:37,700
and food preservation. 
She was the type of goddess who 

5003
04:30:37,700 --> 04:30:40,500
genuinely wished for her 
followers to succeed and was 

5004
04:30:40,500 --> 04:30:43,200
prepared to put in the effort 
necessary to achieve that goal. 

5005
04:30:44,100 --> 04:30:45,600
The trauma of losing her 
daughter. 

5006
04:30:45,600 --> 04:30:48,900
Persephone was exacerbated by 
this pragmatic caring approach. 

5007
04:30:48,900 --> 04:30:52,700
The story started, when Hades 
decided he needed a wife because

5008
04:30:52,700 --> 04:30:55,900
he was lonely in his underworld 
Kingdom and sick of ruling over 

5009
04:30:55,900 --> 04:30:58,400
the dead alone. 
Hades, simply abducted, 

5010
04:30:58,400 --> 04:31:01,300
Persephone as she was gathering 
flowers in a meadow and dragged 

5011
04:31:01,300 --> 04:31:03,200
her down to his realm through a 
fissure in the ground. 

5012
04:31:03,200 --> 04:31:06,100
By passing the intricate 
courtship rights. 

5013
04:31:06,100 --> 04:31:08,500
That other gods had to go 
through when her daughter 

5014
04:31:08,500 --> 04:31:10,400
vanished. 
Demeter's response was prompt 

5015
04:31:10,400 --> 04:31:13,300
and decisive. 
She neglected, the crops the 

5016
04:31:13,300 --> 04:31:16,200
seasons, and the whole natural 
cycle, that kept the world 

5017
04:31:16,200 --> 04:31:17,700
running. 
As she turned her back on her 

5018
04:31:17,700 --> 04:31:20,700
Divine duties, and started 
looking for Persephone on the 

5019
04:31:20,700 --> 04:31:23,200
earth. 
Fruit trees, withered Fields, 

5020
04:31:23,200 --> 04:31:25,200
went arid and the planet 
entered. 

5021
04:31:25,200 --> 04:31:29,000
What was effectively the first 
nuclear winter only this time 

5022
04:31:29,000 --> 04:31:32,800
aging mother with supernatural 
abilities was to blame rather 

5023
04:31:32,800 --> 04:31:36,200
than Atomic Fallout, the 
goddess, followed every room and

5024
04:31:36,200 --> 04:31:39,700
possibility as she searched the 
known world and Beyond while 

5025
04:31:39,700 --> 04:31:42,500
living among Mortals and skies 
herself, as an elderly woman, 

5026
04:31:42,500 --> 04:31:46,700
she witnessed their And kindness
first hand and never gave up on 

5027
04:31:46,700 --> 04:31:49,500
finding her daughter. 
Nothing could grow while Demeter

5028
04:31:49,500 --> 04:31:52,300
was in mourning because I grief 
was so deep that it impacted the

5029
04:31:52,300 --> 04:31:54,000
very nature of fertility and 
growth. 

5030
04:31:54,000 --> 04:31:56,600
The other gods realized they 
were facing a crisis. 

5031
04:31:56,600 --> 04:31:59,600
When famine swept the planet and
Mortal started to perish from 

5032
04:31:59,600 --> 04:32:03,500
starvation, empty temples do not
produce the ore and adoration 

5033
04:32:03,500 --> 04:32:06,700
that God's need for their mental
health and dead worshipers do 

5034
04:32:06,700 --> 04:32:09,500
not offer sacrifices. 
When it became evident that 

5035
04:32:09,500 --> 04:32:12,200
Demeter's, labor strike would 
bring civilization to an end. 

5036
04:32:12,200 --> 04:32:15,400
And unless something was done 
Zeus, who had previously ignored

5037
04:32:15,400 --> 04:32:17,900
the issue in the hopes that it 
would end on its own was 

5038
04:32:17,900 --> 04:32:20,900
compelled to step in a delicate 
diplomatic issue. 

5039
04:32:20,900 --> 04:32:24,000
Confronted the king of the Gods 
since the underworld was Hades 

5040
04:32:24,000 --> 04:32:27,200
Sovereign territory, and forcing
him to give up his bride would 

5041
04:32:27,200 --> 04:32:29,900
set a precedent that might 
restrict Zeus's own romantic 

5042
04:32:29,900 --> 04:32:32,600
Adventures. 
He couldn't just order Hades to 

5043
04:32:32,600 --> 04:32:35,400
return for Stephanie since 
Demeter had justifiable 

5044
04:32:35,400 --> 04:32:38,300
complaints and the other gods 
were beginning to feel sorry for

5045
04:32:38,300 --> 04:32:40,400
her. 
He was unable to order her to 

5046
04:32:40,400 --> 04:32:43,300
return to her duties. 
He required a solution that 

5047
04:32:43,300 --> 04:32:46,700
would save face for all parties 
while also satisfying, everyone 

5048
04:32:46,700 --> 04:32:49,600
Zeus despatched. 
Hermes to bargain, with Hades 

5049
04:32:49,600 --> 04:32:52,000
proposing to acknowledge the 
Union in return for 

5050
04:32:52,000 --> 04:32:55,400
Persephone's, Liberty to visit, 
her mother Hades consented, but 

5051
04:32:55,400 --> 04:32:58,200
only on the Proviso that anyone 
who ate in the realm of the Dead

5052
04:32:58,200 --> 04:33:00,900
would inevitably return their 
because Persephone had eaten 

5053
04:33:00,900 --> 04:33:03,800
pomegranate seeds while in the 
Underworld, the compromise 

5054
04:33:03,800 --> 04:33:06,900
reached during the negotiations.
Gave everyone a sense of partial

5055
04:33:06,900 --> 04:33:10,300
success, but did not fully 
satisfy anyone every year. 

5056
04:33:10,300 --> 04:33:13,300
Persephone would spend some time
with her mother on Earth and 

5057
04:33:13,300 --> 04:33:15,900
sometime with her husband in the
Underworld only when her 

5058
04:33:15,900 --> 04:33:18,300
daughter was present would meet 
her return to her duties. 

5059
04:33:18,300 --> 04:33:22,300
The arrangement of established, 
the seasons ottoman winter when 

5060
04:33:22,300 --> 04:33:25,099
Persephone returned to Hades and
Demeter sorrow, put the world to

5061
04:33:25,099 --> 04:33:29,700
rest and spring and summer when 
Persephone returned to Earth and

5062
04:33:29,700 --> 04:33:32,800
Demeter's happiness, caused 
everything to bloom because of 

5063
04:33:32,800 --> 04:33:34,800
her exceptional. 
Blend of military skill and 

5064
04:33:34,800 --> 04:33:38,400
intellectual prowess Athena 
stood Out Among the 12 Olympians

5065
04:33:38,400 --> 04:33:42,000
as a goddess of war and wisdom. 
She stood for the delib. 

5066
04:33:42,000 --> 04:33:45,900
Calculated approach to fighting 
as a posed to the violent Mayhem

5067
04:33:45,900 --> 04:33:49,599
that defined her half-brother 
Ari's realm Athena stood for the

5068
04:33:49,599 --> 04:33:53,200
strategy tactics and strategic 
application of force that could 

5069
04:33:53,200 --> 04:33:55,099
win conflicts with the fewest 
possible. 

5070
04:33:55,099 --> 04:33:58,500
Casualties, while Aries, 
symbolized, the heedless rage 

5071
04:33:58,500 --> 04:34:02,000
and bloodlust of combat. 
Her peculiar birth emerging 

5072
04:34:02,000 --> 04:34:04,900
fully developed an armed from 
Zeus's head after ingested. 

5073
04:34:04,900 --> 04:34:08,400
Her pregnant mother, Represented
the kind of instantaneous 

5074
04:34:08,400 --> 04:34:11,500
comprehensive knowledge that 
defined her method of 

5075
04:34:11,508 --> 04:34:14,500
problem-solving in contrast to 
other gods who acquired 

5076
04:34:14,500 --> 04:34:16,500
knowledge through experience or 
gradually. 

5077
04:34:16,500 --> 04:34:20,099
Improve their skills Athena came
into being fully in control of 

5078
04:34:20,099 --> 04:34:23,500
her Realms and aware of the ways
in which war and wisdom could 

5079
04:34:23,500 --> 04:34:26,300
work in tandem. 
Athena's, wisdom was useful 

5080
04:34:26,300 --> 04:34:29,200
actionable intelligence. 
That could be used to solve 

5081
04:34:29,200 --> 04:34:32,700
actual issues, not the abstract 
philosophical, kind that is 

5082
04:34:32,700 --> 04:34:36,200
discussed in academic settings, 
by teaching Mortals, how to make

5083
04:34:36,200 --> 04:34:39,300
better tools, stronger, 
buildings and innovations that 

5084
04:34:39,300 --> 04:34:42,700
enhance their daily lives. 
She Rose to become the patroness

5085
04:34:42,700 --> 04:34:45,500
of craftsmanship, architecture 
and Technology. 

5086
04:34:45,500 --> 04:34:48,900
Her contributions to humanity 
were practical abilities that 

5087
04:34:48,900 --> 04:34:51,599
enabled civilization, rather 
than impersonal ideas. 

5088
04:34:52,500 --> 04:34:55,200
This practical wisdom was 
reflected in her approach to 

5089
04:34:55,200 --> 04:34:58,599
Warfare Athena favorite tactics 
that won battles with few 

5090
04:34:58,599 --> 04:35:02,300
resources and casualties or as 
Aries favored direct conflict 

5091
04:35:02,300 --> 04:35:04,700
and over Force. 
She was the goddess. 

5092
04:35:04,700 --> 04:35:08,099
You prayed to when you had to 
defeat a stronger foe, defend 

5093
04:35:08,099 --> 04:35:11,900
your city against insurmountable
odds or win by cunning rather 

5094
04:35:11,900 --> 04:35:15,000
than Brute Force, Athena 
strategic thinking was 

5095
04:35:15,000 --> 04:35:18,200
exemplified by her competition 
with Poseidon for the patronage 

5096
04:35:18,200 --> 04:35:20,700
of Athens. 
Both gods were asked to present 

5097
04:35:20,707 --> 04:35:23,400
gifts that would help the 
populace when the city needed, a

5098
04:35:23,400 --> 04:35:26,700
patron, deity, impressive, 
dramatic, and ultimately 

5099
04:35:26,700 --> 04:35:29,300
pointless for a city that 
already had access to the Sea 

5100
04:35:29,300 --> 04:35:33,099
Poseidon, struck the ground with
his Trident and created a spring

5101
04:35:33,099 --> 04:35:35,099
of saltwater. 
By planting an olive. 

5102
04:35:35,099 --> 04:35:38,500
Tree Athena gave the city access
to food, lamp oil, building 

5103
04:35:38,500 --> 04:35:41,300
materials, and a sustainable 
resource that would last for 

5104
04:35:41,300 --> 04:35:44,500
many generations. 
The Athenian selected Athena's 

5105
04:35:44,500 --> 04:35:46,400
gift because they understood 
that its usefulness. 

5106
04:35:46,400 --> 04:35:48,200
Outweighed ostentatious 
displays. 

5107
04:35:48,200 --> 04:35:52,000
This Choice made Athens, a hub 
of knowledge, wisdom and 

5108
04:35:52,000 --> 04:35:55,099
strategic thinking. 
Values that would go on to 

5109
04:35:55,099 --> 04:35:58,400
produce some of the greatest 
philosophers Architects and 

5110
04:35:58,400 --> 04:36:01,800
Military commanders in history. 
Long after faith in the ancient 

5111
04:36:01,800 --> 04:36:06,000
gods had waned, Athens influence
continued to shape the city's 

5112
04:36:06,000 --> 04:36:09,200
personality. 
She served as an example of how 

5113
04:36:09,200 --> 04:36:11,900
Divine wisdom could impact 
mortal conflicts during the 

5114
04:36:11,900 --> 04:36:15,400
Trojan War Athena sided with the
Greeks because she thought they 

5115
04:36:15,400 --> 04:36:18,599
embodied the values of tactical 
Innovation and strategic 

5116
04:36:18,599 --> 04:36:21,900
thinking that she valued while 
other gods made their decisions 

5117
04:36:21,900 --> 04:36:24,800
based on personal preferences or
familial allegiances. 

5118
04:36:24,800 --> 04:36:27,800
She helped create the Trojan 
Horse strategy that ultimately 

5119
04:36:27,800 --> 04:36:31,300
put an end to the 10-year Siege 
and gave advice to Heroes, like 

5120
04:36:31,300 --> 04:36:34,300
Odysseus who approached 
obstacles with cunning rather 

5121
04:36:34,300 --> 04:36:36,500
than force compared to other 
gods. 

5122
04:36:36,500 --> 04:36:38,500
Athena had very different 
relationships. 

5123
04:36:38,500 --> 04:36:41,900
With Mortals, Athena established
mentoring relationships, based 

5124
04:36:41,900 --> 04:36:45,599
on respect for one another and a
common interest in ideas as 

5125
04:36:45,599 --> 04:36:48,300
opposed to the intense 
frequently destructive romantic 

5126
04:36:48,300 --> 04:36:50,700
entanglements. 
That defined her relatives 

5127
04:36:50,700 --> 04:36:53,700
interactions with humans. 
She inspired inventors to 

5128
04:36:53,700 --> 04:36:56,800
develop new technologies, 
mentored artists to hone their 

5129
04:36:56,800 --> 04:37:00,300
craft and Council military 
leaders on tactics to safeguard 

5130
04:37:00,300 --> 04:37:02,200
their troops. 
She made a philosophical 

5131
04:37:02,200 --> 04:37:05,400
statement about the nature of 
wisdom by choosing to remain a 

5132
04:37:05,400 --> 04:37:07,800
virgin forever. 
Athena was aware that romantic 

5133
04:37:07,800 --> 04:37:11,599
relationships, frequently weaken
judgment, and caused loyalty to 

5134
04:37:11,599 --> 04:37:14,000
be split. 
Traits that were incompatible 

5135
04:37:14,000 --> 04:37:17,000
with the rational thought, 
necessary for both wisdom and 

5136
04:37:17,000 --> 04:37:19,700
successful combat. 
She was able to maintain the 

5137
04:37:19,700 --> 04:37:22,700
objectivity required to base 
decision on Merit, rather than 

5138
04:37:22,700 --> 04:37:26,800
Emotion by staying unattached. 
When disputes arose between 

5139
04:37:26,800 --> 04:37:30,400
Mortals and other gods, the 
goddess also acted as a Divine 

5140
04:37:30,400 --> 04:37:33,800
mediator, she was uniquely 
suited to comprehend both sides 

5141
04:37:33,800 --> 04:37:35,800
of arguments and come up with 
solutions. 

5142
04:37:35,800 --> 04:37:39,300
That met everyone's justifiable 
interests while averting 

5143
04:37:39,300 --> 04:37:43,099
needless violence because of her
wisdom and fighting prowess. 

5144
04:37:43,099 --> 04:37:46,099
Not only could she help you win 
but she could do so without 

5145
04:37:46,099 --> 04:37:49,400
causing you any new issues which
made her the god you wanted on 

5146
04:37:49,400 --> 04:37:53,300
your side, Apollo exemplified 
Divine multitasking on a scale 

5147
04:37:53,300 --> 04:37:55,599
that would impress contemporary 
productivity experts. 

5148
04:37:55,599 --> 04:37:59,599
If Athena stood for focused 
expertise as the god of the son 

5149
04:37:59,599 --> 04:38:04,000
music, poetry prophecy healing 
and archery Apollo oversaw 

5150
04:38:04,000 --> 04:38:06,200
duties, that would have 
overwhelmed many other gods 

5151
04:38:06,200 --> 04:38:09,200
while upholding standards of 
excellence the established 

5152
04:38:09,200 --> 04:38:12,700
benchmarks for Mortals in each 
of these domains driving the sun

5153
04:38:12,700 --> 04:38:15,400
across the sky every day. 
Required a level of consistency 

5154
04:38:15,400 --> 04:38:18,500
and punctuality that would be 
difficult for anyone. 

5155
04:38:18,500 --> 04:38:21,900
Juggling a cosmic commute, he 
ensured that daylight reached 

5156
04:38:21,900 --> 04:38:25,300
every corner of the Earth at the
right time and intensity by. 

5157
04:38:25,500 --> 04:38:28,900
Tying his Chariot to four fire 
breathing horses and driving 

5158
04:38:28,900 --> 04:38:32,500
across the heavens every morning
because the entire natural world

5159
04:38:32,500 --> 04:38:36,099
relied on his dependability, it 
was a duty that did not permit 

5160
04:38:36,099 --> 04:38:39,099
sick days vacation time or the 
opportunity to sleep in. 

5161
04:38:40,000 --> 04:38:42,300
He became the first crossover 
artists in history. 

5162
04:38:42,300 --> 04:38:45,900
Thanks to his musical abilities.
Apollo was more than just a 

5163
04:38:45,900 --> 04:38:48,000
musician. 
He created musical, instruments 

5164
04:38:48,000 --> 04:38:51,500
established, the concepts of 
Rhythm and Harmony and served as

5165
04:38:51,500 --> 04:38:54,900
an inspiration to his fellow 
gods and Mortal musicians, his 

5166
04:38:54,900 --> 04:38:57,800
musical contest established, the
bar for artistic Brilliance, 

5167
04:38:57,800 --> 04:39:00,500
that mortal musicians would aim 
to reach for centuries. 

5168
04:39:00,500 --> 04:39:03,400
And his liar, became the 
standard instrument for divine 

5169
04:39:03,400 --> 04:39:05,400
performances. 
Poetry, that was both 

5170
04:39:05,400 --> 04:39:07,300
entertaining. 
And prophetic was produced by 

5171
04:39:07,300 --> 04:39:10,000
the gods, through a combination 
of technical skill and divine 

5172
04:39:10,000 --> 04:39:12,599
inspiration. 
In addition to telling tales and

5173
04:39:12,599 --> 04:39:16,200
expressing feelings Apollo's, 
poetry also offered moral advice

5174
04:39:16,200 --> 04:39:20,300
disclosed future realities and 
preserve the cultural knowledge 

5175
04:39:20,300 --> 04:39:24,000
that Society is required to 
endure and Thrive his impact on 

5176
04:39:24,000 --> 04:39:27,599
Mortal poets was so great that 
inspiration itself, came to be 

5177
04:39:27,599 --> 04:39:30,700
seen as a sign of divine 
possession by Apollo or his 

5178
04:39:30,700 --> 04:39:33,900
muses. 
The most significant source of 

5179
04:39:33,908 --> 04:39:36,700
prophetic guidance. 
In ancient Greece was Apollo's 

5180
04:39:36,700 --> 04:39:40,100
Oracle at Delphi Apollo's 
Priestess pythia, gave 

5181
04:39:40,100 --> 04:39:43,500
prophecies that affected, Greek 
politics colonization war and 

5182
04:39:43,500 --> 04:39:47,300
Private Affairs, city-state sort
advice, before founding new 

5183
04:39:47,300 --> 04:39:50,400
colonies, individual sorted on 
everything from Marriage, 

5184
04:39:50,400 --> 04:39:53,800
prospects to career choices, and
King sought the Oracle before 

5185
04:39:53,800 --> 04:39:56,800
making important decisions, the 
oracle's predictions were 

5186
04:39:56,800 --> 04:40:00,300
renowned for being cryptic, 
necessitating interpretation, 

5187
04:40:00,300 --> 04:40:02,900
that frequently became clear 
only after the event had taken 

5188
04:40:02,900 --> 04:40:04,900
place. 
This ambiguity was a 

5189
04:40:04,900 --> 04:40:07,700
characteristic that represented 
Apollo's view of the proper 

5190
04:40:07,700 --> 04:40:10,600
operation of Prophecy, not a 
weakness in the system. 

5191
04:40:11,400 --> 04:40:14,500
Free Will and the lessons that 
Mortals needed to learn via 

5192
04:40:14,500 --> 04:40:17,200
experience would be eliminated 
by direct predictions. 

5193
04:40:17,200 --> 04:40:19,900
While maintaining the 
flexibility to make decisions 

5194
04:40:19,900 --> 04:40:22,300
and grow from them. 
Cryptic guidance offered 

5195
04:40:22,300 --> 04:40:26,000
guidance because of his 
expertise in medicine Apollo was

5196
04:40:26,000 --> 04:40:28,700
able to both cause and cure 
plagues making him. 

5197
04:40:28,700 --> 04:40:31,900
The Divine physician Apollo's 
arrows have the power to spread 

5198
04:40:31,900 --> 04:40:33,900
disease that wiped out entire 
populations. 

5199
04:40:33,900 --> 04:40:37,300
When Mortals offended him or 
other gods, he could heal wounds

5200
04:40:37,300 --> 04:40:40,300
Holt epidemics and in part 
medical knowledge to Mortals. 

5201
04:40:40,300 --> 04:40:41,600
So they could take care of 
themselves. 

5202
04:40:41,600 --> 04:40:44,400
If he was duly honored and 
placated, the Greek 

5203
04:40:44,400 --> 04:40:46,600
understanding that Health 
depended on upholding 

5204
04:40:46,600 --> 04:40:50,100
appropriate, relationships, with
Divine forces, was reflected in 

5205
04:40:50,100 --> 04:40:53,100
his dual role as both the cause 
and the Cure of illness. 

5206
04:40:53,100 --> 04:40:56,800
Even among the gods, his archery
as was legendary fusing 

5207
04:40:56,800 --> 04:40:59,300
Supernatural, accuracy with 
physical dexterity. 

5208
04:40:59,300 --> 04:41:02,900
Whether he was hunting, wild 
animals reprimanding Mortals who

5209
04:41:02,900 --> 04:41:06,000
had wronged him or engaging in 
competition with other archers 

5210
04:41:06,000 --> 04:41:08,700
Apollo's, arrows, never fail to 
hit their targets. 

5211
04:41:08,700 --> 04:41:11,000
He was the patron deity of 
athletes. 

5212
04:41:11,400 --> 04:41:14,000
And competitors, who aimed for 
flawless performance, because 

5213
04:41:14,000 --> 04:41:16,600
his skill with the bow 
represented, the accuracy and 

5214
04:41:16,600 --> 04:41:20,000
concentration needed for success
in any Endeavor, despite his 

5215
04:41:20,000 --> 04:41:23,600
Divine status and impressive 
array of talents Apollo's 

5216
04:41:23,600 --> 04:41:26,100
romantic relationships were 
notably unsuccessful. 

5217
04:41:26,900 --> 04:41:29,400
When Daphne changed into a 
laurel tree to get away from 

5218
04:41:29,400 --> 04:41:33,100
him, he stopped pursuing her 
Apollo, cursed Cassandra because

5219
04:41:33,100 --> 04:41:35,700
she had promised to be his lover
in exchange for the gift of 

5220
04:41:35,700 --> 04:41:38,200
Prophecy. 
But she had broken the 

5221
04:41:38,200 --> 04:41:40,000
agreement, making her 
predictions. 

5222
04:41:40,000 --> 04:41:42,700
Unbelievable. 
He became more understanding of 

5223
04:41:42,700 --> 04:41:44,200
Mortals going through similar 
struggles. 

5224
04:41:44,200 --> 04:41:45,900
After learning from these failed
relationships. 

5225
04:41:45,900 --> 04:41:49,600
That even Divine Perfection 
could not ensure love success, 

5226
04:41:49,600 --> 04:41:53,300
Artemis chose a path that valued
Solitude Independence and the 

5227
04:41:53,300 --> 04:41:56,900
wild places that existed outside
of human civilization while her 

5228
04:41:56,900 --> 04:41:59,900
twin brother, Apollo embraced, 
the public aspects of godhood 

5229
04:41:59,900 --> 04:42:03,700
with its contests oracles and 
constant interaction with 

5230
04:42:03,700 --> 04:42:06,400
Mortals. 
Like a cosmic mashup of 

5231
04:42:06,408 --> 04:42:08,800
wilderness guide and emergency 
room directors. 

5232
04:42:08,800 --> 04:42:10,800
She carved out a Divine 
identity. 

5233
04:42:10,800 --> 04:42:15,100
As the goddess of the hunt, the 
moon and childbirth one, that 

5234
04:42:15,100 --> 04:42:18,700
was both nurturing and fiercely 
protective Artemis made of 

5235
04:42:18,708 --> 04:42:20,900
philosophical statement about 
autonomy in self-determination 

5236
04:42:20,900 --> 04:42:25,200
when she chose to remain 
eternally virgin in addition to 

5237
04:42:25,200 --> 04:42:28,700
it being a personal choice, as a
young girl, she begged zoos to 

5238
04:42:28,700 --> 04:42:31,500
give her Chastity for all the 
termites as well as a bow and 

5239
04:42:31,508 --> 04:42:34,800
arrows a pack of hunting hounds 
and a group of nymphs to be her 

5240
04:42:34,800 --> 04:42:36,900
friends. 
It was akin to requesting the 

5241
04:42:37,000 --> 04:42:40,300
Ideal feminist starter kit which
included weapons devoted 

5242
04:42:40,300 --> 04:42:43,900
Companions and the absence of 
romantic complications her. 

5243
04:42:43,900 --> 04:42:46,600
Hunting Expeditions through the 
ancient world's mountains and 

5244
04:42:46,600 --> 04:42:49,000
forests, were renowned for their
accuracy and efficiency. 

5245
04:42:49,000 --> 04:42:52,500
Artemis hunted to keep the 
balance between civilization and

5246
04:42:52,500 --> 04:42:56,000
Wilderness ensuring that wild 
animals remained wild while 

5247
04:42:56,000 --> 04:42:59,200
safeguarding human settlements 
from creatures that pose, real 

5248
04:42:59,200 --> 04:43:03,100
threats, She did not hunt for 
fun or to collect trophies. 

5249
04:43:03,100 --> 04:43:06,200
She was the patroness of moral 
Hunters because our arrows were 

5250
04:43:06,208 --> 04:43:09,600
quick and kind made to kill 
cleanly and without needless 

5251
04:43:09,600 --> 04:43:11,500
suffering. 
One of the most effective 

5252
04:43:11,500 --> 04:43:15,100
incidents of female camaraderie 
and support in mythology, was 

5253
04:43:15,100 --> 04:43:16,700
the goddess is bond with her 
nymphs. 

5254
04:43:16,700 --> 04:43:20,000
These nature Spirits formed a 
community that functioned 

5255
04:43:20,000 --> 04:43:23,500
without the consent or authority
of men, having taken the same 

5256
04:43:23,500 --> 04:43:26,800
vow of Chastity as their 
mistress with the effectiveness 

5257
04:43:26,800 --> 04:43:28,500
of an old-fashioned security 
detail. 

5258
04:43:28,500 --> 04:43:31,500
They hunted traveled and 
defended one another from 

5259
04:43:31,500 --> 04:43:35,300
unwelcome romantic advances. 
This selected family was 

5260
04:43:35,300 --> 04:43:38,300
completely and frequently 
brutally protected by Artemis. 

5261
04:43:38,300 --> 04:43:41,900
Acton the hunter was killed by 
his own hunting dogs after she 

5262
04:43:41,900 --> 04:43:44,800
changed him into a stag when he 
unintentionally witnessed her 

5263
04:43:44,800 --> 04:43:47,500
bathing. 
This punishment made it very 

5264
04:43:47,500 --> 04:43:50,900
evident that privacy and consent
should be respected in order to 

5265
04:43:50,900 --> 04:43:53,300
prove that intelligence could 
overcome physical strength. 

5266
04:43:53,300 --> 04:43:57,000
Artemis deceive the giant 
Hunters Otis and ify altice into

5267
04:43:57,000 --> 04:43:59,000
killing each other with their 
own Spears when they tried to 

5268
04:43:59,000 --> 04:44:02,300
take her and hear her as wives, 
her status, as a virgin was 

5269
04:44:02,300 --> 04:44:04,900
interestingly contrasted with 
her role as the goddess of 

5270
04:44:04,900 --> 04:44:07,300
childbirth. 
When their mother Leto was in 

5271
04:44:07,308 --> 04:44:08,700
labor. 
Artemis helped. 

5272
04:44:08,700 --> 04:44:11,600
Give birth to her own brother, 
which provided her with unique 

5273
04:44:11,600 --> 04:44:14,700
perspective on the difficulties 
and risks involved in bringing a

5274
04:44:14,700 --> 04:44:17,400
new life into the world. 
She evolved into the Divine 

5275
04:44:17,400 --> 04:44:20,700
Midwife called upon by goddesses
going through their own maternal

5276
04:44:20,700 --> 04:44:23,200
struggles, as well as mortal 
women having a difficult time. 

5277
04:44:23,200 --> 04:44:26,300
Giving birth. 
Because of this Duty Artemis 

5278
04:44:26,300 --> 04:44:29,400
became extremely protective of 
expectant, mothers and new 

5279
04:44:29,400 --> 04:44:31,900
mothers, extending her 
guardianship Beyond her 

5280
04:44:31,900 --> 04:44:35,200
immediate nymphal circle to 
Encompass any woman who was 

5281
04:44:35,200 --> 04:44:38,100
vulnerable during childbirth, 
regardless of their other 

5282
04:44:38,100 --> 04:44:40,400
religious preferences. 
She was one of the most 

5283
04:44:40,400 --> 04:44:43,900
practically significant deities 
for ancient families because her

5284
04:44:43,900 --> 04:44:46,300
interventions could mean the 
difference between life and 

5285
04:44:46,300 --> 04:44:49,300
death for both mother and child,
since Luna Cycles were 

5286
04:44:49,300 --> 04:44:52,500
traditionally linked to both 
female biology and the nocturnal

5287
04:44:52,500 --> 04:44:55,900
activities that defined much of 
ancient hunting artemisas 

5288
04:44:55,900 --> 04:44:58,900
association with the moon 
complimented her hunting and 

5289
04:44:58,900 --> 04:45:02,300
childbirth responsibilities with
the same dependability that 

5290
04:45:02,300 --> 04:45:05,400
Apollo's son Chariot. 
Exhibited during the day, her 

5291
04:45:05,400 --> 04:45:08,200
silver Chariot pulled by four 
golden horned deer. 

5292
04:45:08,200 --> 04:45:12,200
Followed the moon's course. 
Across the night sky, the 

5293
04:45:12,200 --> 04:45:15,300
goddess had high, but reasonable
expectations for her devotees. 

5294
04:45:15,300 --> 04:45:19,000
She required her nymphs to be 
completely chased, fully 

5295
04:45:19,000 --> 04:45:21,700
committed to the hunt and loyal 
to the group at all times. 

5296
04:45:21,700 --> 04:45:24,300
She offered them safety 
friendship. 

5297
04:45:24,700 --> 04:45:26,600
And the opportunity to live 
their lives. 

5298
04:45:26,600 --> 04:45:30,200
As they saw fit independent of 
the expectations of their 

5299
04:45:30,200 --> 04:45:32,900
families, communities or future 
husbands. 

5300
04:45:32,900 --> 04:45:36,600
It was a social contract that 
provided alternatives to the few

5301
04:45:36,600 --> 04:45:39,300
choices that the majority of 
ancient women had, because 

5302
04:45:39,300 --> 04:45:41,700
Artemis had chosen a lifestyle 
that was fundamentally 

5303
04:45:41,700 --> 04:45:45,200
incompatible with conventional 
relationships, her infrequent 

5304
04:45:45,200 --> 04:45:48,300
romantic relationships, 
typically ended tragically not, 

5305
04:45:48,300 --> 04:45:51,200
because she was naturally, 
unlucky in love her fleeting 

5306
04:45:51,200 --> 04:45:54,200
interest in the hunter, Orion 
ended when according to one 

5307
04:45:54,200 --> 04:45:56,800
version of events, he died and 
became a constellation. 

5308
04:45:57,700 --> 04:46:00,100
Her belief that Independence was
better than the hassles of 

5309
04:46:00,108 --> 04:46:02,100
romance was strengthened by 
these encounters. 

5310
04:46:02,100 --> 04:46:05,100
Her relationship with her family
was significantly, more 

5311
04:46:05,100 --> 04:46:08,700
harmonious than most Olympic 
relationships in part because 

5312
04:46:08,700 --> 04:46:11,300
she avoided getting involved in 
their disputes due to her 

5313
04:46:11,300 --> 04:46:13,900
self-imposed seclusion. 
And in part, because she was 

5314
04:46:13,900 --> 04:46:17,300
useful to everyone, due to a 
practical contribution, such as 

5315
04:46:17,300 --> 04:46:20,100
managing Wildlife, populations 
and assisting with difficult 

5316
04:46:20,100 --> 04:46:22,300
births. 
She was the family member who 

5317
04:46:22,300 --> 04:46:24,900
didn't cause trouble during the 
quiet times, but was there, when

5318
04:46:24,900 --> 04:46:28,400
needed the feisty stood out 
among the many lovely strong and

5319
04:46:28,400 --> 04:46:31,700
captivating gods in the pantheon
because he had overcome major 

5320
04:46:31,700 --> 04:46:35,300
personal obstacles to become 
indispensable through talent and

5321
04:46:35,300 --> 04:46:38,100
willpower alone. 
He turned his early experience 

5322
04:46:38,100 --> 04:46:41,700
of rejection and disability into
a special kind of strength that 

5323
04:46:41,700 --> 04:46:43,400
made him. 
Perhaps the most practically 

5324
04:46:43,400 --> 04:46:45,000
useful member of the Olympic 
family. 

5325
04:46:45,000 --> 04:46:48,800
He was the god of fire 
craftsmanship and Technology as 

5326
04:46:48,800 --> 04:46:53,000
well as the Divine blacksmith. 
The origin story of Hephaestus 

5327
04:46:53,000 --> 04:46:55,500
seems to be an old-fashioned 
tale of triumphing over hardship

5328
04:46:55,500 --> 04:46:57,100
by virtue, of One's Own 
greatness. 

5329
04:46:57,100 --> 04:47:01,400
His mother Hera was a shame of 
his appearance and threw him 

5330
04:47:01,400 --> 04:47:03,200
from Mount Olympus. 
Because he was born with 

5331
04:47:03,200 --> 04:47:06,400
physical limitations that made 
him ugly by Divine standards. 

5332
04:47:06,400 --> 04:47:09,800
He became even more crippled, as
a result of the fall, but it 

5333
04:47:09,800 --> 04:47:12,400
also brought him to the Sea, 
nymphs thetis, and your enemy 

5334
04:47:12,400 --> 04:47:15,700
who saved him and taught him. 
The skills of craftsmanship, and

5335
04:47:15,700 --> 04:47:17,900
metalworking growing up with the
scene. 

5336
04:47:17,900 --> 04:47:21,800
Nymphs, taught him how to turn 
disadvantages into strengths, He

5337
04:47:21,800 --> 04:47:24,700
faced is acquired abilities that
made him indispensable because 

5338
04:47:24,700 --> 04:47:27,000
he was unable to match other 
gods in terms of physical 

5339
04:47:27,000 --> 04:47:30,400
Perfection or fighting skill. 
He gained skills in working with

5340
04:47:30,400 --> 04:47:34,100
fire metal and precious stones, 
producing items that were so 

5341
04:47:34,108 --> 04:47:36,000
beautiful. 
And useful that they were 

5342
04:47:36,000 --> 04:47:37,800
considered legendary and 
Antiquity. 

5343
04:47:37,800 --> 04:47:40,700
His Forge evolved into the 
Heavenly counterpart of an 

5344
04:47:40,700 --> 04:47:43,700
upscale custom Workshop. 
Creating everything from 

5345
04:47:43,700 --> 04:47:47,000
Achilles armor to Zeus 
Thunderbolts as an adult. 

5346
04:47:47,000 --> 04:47:49,400
Her face just returned to 
Olympus as a master Craftsman, 

5347
04:47:49,400 --> 04:47:52,700
Who services were much needed, 
rather than, as a supplement 

5348
04:47:52,700 --> 04:47:55,500
looking for acceptance, the 
other gods soon realized that 

5349
04:47:55,500 --> 04:47:58,400
only have feisty as could make 
the tools weapons and ornaments 

5350
04:47:58,400 --> 04:48:00,400
needed for their Divine way of 
life. 

5351
04:48:00,400 --> 04:48:03,800
He was invaluable to a family 
that had previously rejected him

5352
04:48:03,800 --> 04:48:06,700
due to his appearance because of
his ability to create the 

5353
04:48:06,700 --> 04:48:09,900
impossible, his Workshop was the
Pinnacle of ancient technology. 

5354
04:48:09,900 --> 04:48:13,300
The Feisty made tools that could
operate on their own, with his 

5355
04:48:13,300 --> 04:48:16,500
guidance automated Bellows that 
kept the forge, at the ideal 

5356
04:48:16,500 --> 04:48:19,700
temperature and gold and 
servants to help him because of 

5357
04:48:19,700 --> 04:48:21,100
his Superior knowledge of 
engine. 

5358
04:48:21,200 --> 04:48:24,300
Design and Metallurgy, he was 
the patron deity of 

5359
04:48:24,300 --> 04:48:27,500
blacksmith's, Crafts, People. 
And anyone else who use their 

5360
04:48:27,500 --> 04:48:31,100
hands to make practical things, 
the gods method of craftsmanship

5361
04:48:31,100 --> 04:48:33,600
Blended practical utility with 
Creative Vision. 

5362
04:48:34,300 --> 04:48:36,700
In addition, to being 
aesthetically pleasing, his 

5363
04:48:36,700 --> 04:48:40,000
Creations fulfilled functions 
and provided solutions that were

5364
04:48:40,000 --> 04:48:42,500
not possible. 
With just Divine, might have 

5365
04:48:42,500 --> 04:48:45,900
Feist us created chains that 
could contain a Titan when Zeus 

5366
04:48:45,900 --> 04:48:48,100
needed a means of tying 
Prometheus to a bond for 

5367
04:48:48,108 --> 04:48:50,900
stealing fire. 
Her Festus made a shield that 

5368
04:48:50,900 --> 04:48:54,100
represented the entire universe 
and offered Achilles the ideal 

5369
04:48:54,100 --> 04:48:57,100
defense, when he needed armor. 
That would keep him safe when 

5370
04:48:57,100 --> 04:49:00,100
fighting gods and heroes. 
One of the most intricate 

5371
04:49:00,100 --> 04:49:03,600
Partnerships in mythology, was 
his Union with Aphrodite, the 

5372
04:49:03,600 --> 04:49:06,300
combination of the physically 
impaired, God of craftsmanship, 

5373
04:49:06,300 --> 04:49:08,700
and the goddess of beauty 
upended. 

5374
04:49:08,700 --> 04:49:12,100
Preconceived, notions about 
compatibility attraction. 

5375
04:49:12,100 --> 04:49:15,700
And the nature of love the 
Fiesta's response revealed his 

5376
04:49:15,708 --> 04:49:18,100
intelligence and his grass of 
divine politics. 

5377
04:49:18,100 --> 04:49:21,300
Even as Olympic rumors 
circulated about Aphrodite's 

5378
04:49:21,300 --> 04:49:24,600
adultery with Ari's instead of 
facing his wife and her lover 

5379
04:49:24,600 --> 04:49:28,100
head on her face to use his 
skill to reveal their fair in a 

5380
04:49:28,108 --> 04:49:31,400
way that preserved his own honor
while making them appear foolish

5381
04:49:31,400 --> 04:49:35,400
and iconic illustration of how 
skill and in Overcome physical 

5382
04:49:35,400 --> 04:49:38,400
strength, and conventional 
Beauty was the invisible net. 

5383
04:49:38,400 --> 04:49:41,200
That held the lovers in bed. 
He was different from other 

5384
04:49:41,200 --> 04:49:44,200
wronged gods in that, his 
retaliation was both imaginative

5385
04:49:44,200 --> 04:49:48,000
and appropriate. 
Compared to most other gods, the

5386
04:49:48,000 --> 04:49:50,400
fastest had a noticeably more 
benevolent relationship with 

5387
04:49:50,400 --> 04:49:53,200
Mortals as a patron of Artisans 
and labourers. 

5388
04:49:53,200 --> 04:49:56,500
He recognized the importance of 
hard work and the difficulties 

5389
04:49:56,500 --> 04:49:59,500
faced by those who use their 
hands to create useful objects. 

5390
04:49:59,500 --> 04:50:02,900
His festivals honored the kind 
of fruitful labor that enabled 

5391
04:50:02,900 --> 04:50:06,000
civilization and his temples 
served as meeting spots for 

5392
04:50:06,000 --> 04:50:09,400
Artisan guilds his contribution 
to the creation of the first 

5393
04:50:09,400 --> 04:50:12,100
mortal woman. 
Pandora, revealed his technical 

5394
04:50:12,100 --> 04:50:14,700
prowess as well as his grasp of 
divine politics. 

5395
04:50:14,700 --> 04:50:17,800
Zeus ordered her feisty to 
create a woman who would both 

5396
04:50:17,800 --> 04:50:21,900
bless and curse Humanity after 
he decided to punish Mortals for

5397
04:50:21,900 --> 04:50:24,300
prometheus's. 
Gift of fire though, he was 

5398
04:50:24,300 --> 04:50:26,900
aware that Zeus's gift had 
complications, that would impact

5399
04:50:26,900 --> 04:50:30,300
mortal life for Generations. 
A feisty skillfully, crafted 

5400
04:50:30,300 --> 04:50:34,100
Pandora to be indistinguishable 
from a goddess under Mount Etna 

5401
04:50:34,100 --> 04:50:36,600
and other active volcanoes. 
The gods volcanic forges 

5402
04:50:36,600 --> 04:50:39,000
developed into hubs of heavenly 
industrial production. 

5403
04:50:39,000 --> 04:50:42,200
These mountains rumbling in 
eruptions were interpreted as 

5404
04:50:42,200 --> 04:50:46,300
the sounds of her fist at work, 
producing the tools and Weapons.

5405
04:50:46,300 --> 04:50:49,000
The gods needed for their 
various escapades and duties 

5406
04:50:49,000 --> 04:50:52,300
even by Divine standards. 
His productivity was legendary 

5407
04:50:52,300 --> 04:50:55,300
indicating that he found 
fulfillment in his work that 

5408
04:50:55,300 --> 04:50:57,200
went beyond the need for 
approval from others. 

5409
04:50:57,200 --> 04:51:01,200
It's important to consider the 
Olympian gods, greatest triumphs

5410
04:51:01,200 --> 04:51:04,600
and most spectacular failures as
our exploration of their lives 

5411
04:51:04,600 --> 04:51:07,700
and times comes to an end, 
despite their immortality and 

5412
04:51:07,700 --> 04:51:11,700
Cosmic, might these Divine being
showed that wisdom, happiness, 

5413
04:51:11,700 --> 04:51:15,300
and healthy family. 
Relationships are not always the

5414
04:51:15,300 --> 04:51:18,100
results of having boundless 
resources and eternal life. 

5415
04:51:18,100 --> 04:51:21,000
Perhaps the creation of 
civilization itself was the 

5416
04:51:21,000 --> 04:51:22,900
greatest accomplishment of the 
Gods as a whole. 

5417
04:51:22,900 --> 04:51:25,900
They gave man kind the 
foundation for everything that 

5418
04:51:25,900 --> 04:51:29,400
sets Human Society apart from 
the Animal Kingdom, fire from 

5419
04:51:29,400 --> 04:51:33,100
Prometheus agriculture from 
Demeter, craftsmanship from her 

5420
04:51:33,100 --> 04:51:36,000
feisty. 
Wisdom from Athena and medicine 

5421
04:51:36,000 --> 04:51:39,500
from Apollo their temples 
developed into educational hubs,

5422
04:51:39,500 --> 04:51:42,700
their festivals, offered chances
for cross-cultural interaction 

5423
04:51:42,700 --> 04:51:46,300
and their moral teachings. 
Despite the hip Hop of their own

5424
04:51:46,300 --> 04:51:49,800
actions provided ethical 
Frameworks that governed human 

5425
04:51:49,800 --> 04:51:52,900
conduct for Centuries. 
With each God in charge of 

5426
04:51:52,900 --> 04:51:56,400
particular, facets of human and 
natural activity and working 

5427
04:51:56,400 --> 04:51:58,500
with their peers to preserve 
Cosmic Harmony. 

5428
04:51:59,200 --> 04:52:01,600
The Olympic system. 
Also produced the first 

5429
04:52:01,600 --> 04:52:04,800
multinational management 
structure in history, when it, 

5430
04:52:04,800 --> 04:52:07,200
functioned properly, this Divine
bureaucracy, made sure that 

5431
04:52:07,200 --> 04:52:11,200
crops grew as planned Seasons 
changed on time and natural 

5432
04:52:11,200 --> 04:52:13,400
disasters. 
Only happened when Mortals had 

5433
04:52:13,400 --> 04:52:15,700
Gravely offended. 
Someone important, the 

5434
04:52:15,700 --> 04:52:17,500
interpersonal relationships of 
the Gods. 

5435
04:52:17,500 --> 04:52:20,500
However, showed the same 
dysfunctional patterns that have

5436
04:52:20,500 --> 04:52:24,300
flicked any family business by 
conceded relatives with 

5437
04:52:24,300 --> 04:52:27,900
unrestricted, Authority and 
inadequate communication skills 

5438
04:52:27,900 --> 04:52:30,300
from mine and nymphs to Major 
heroes. 

5439
04:52:30,300 --> 04:52:33,300
Everyone was impacted by the 
collateral damage, caused by 

5440
04:52:33,300 --> 04:52:35,400
Zeus's adultery and her as 
retaliation. 

5441
04:52:36,200 --> 04:52:39,500
Poseidon's Outburst destroyed 
coastal cities and sank ships 

5442
04:52:39,500 --> 04:52:42,900
Apollo's romantic rejections 
changed lovers and produced 

5443
04:52:42,900 --> 04:52:46,000
profits who were cursed the 
political frequently turned 

5444
04:52:46,000 --> 04:52:48,400
disastrous. 
And the personal had a nasty 

5445
04:52:48,400 --> 04:52:51,300
habit of turning political 
instead of using mediation, 

5446
04:52:51,300 --> 04:52:53,600
their method of resulting 
disputes usually involved. 

5447
04:52:53,600 --> 04:52:57,100
Escalation the Trojan War, ten 
years of Bloodshed that 

5448
04:52:57,100 --> 04:52:59,900
destroyed both sides and 
provided for epic poetry. 

5449
04:53:00,600 --> 04:53:04,000
Was the outcome of paris's 
decision to accept Aphrodite's. 

5450
04:53:04,000 --> 04:53:06,600
Bribe over those offered by Hera
and Athena. 

5451
04:53:06,600 --> 04:53:10,100
It also showed that Divine Pride
was more significant than human 

5452
04:53:10,100 --> 04:53:12,400
life. 
Instead of seeking diplomatic 

5453
04:53:12,400 --> 04:53:15,600
Solutions, Demeter's response to
the kidnapping of her daughter, 

5454
04:53:15,600 --> 04:53:19,300
brought the world to the verge 
of agricultural collapse the way

5455
04:53:19,300 --> 04:53:22,300
the gods treated Mortals, 
demonstrated their incapacity to

5456
04:53:22,300 --> 04:53:25,400
uphold moral principles or grow 
from past errors. 

5457
04:53:25,400 --> 04:53:28,200
A penalized disrespect and 
rewarded devotion. 

5458
04:53:28,200 --> 04:53:31,700
But their definitions of these 
terms were arbitrary and could 

5459
04:53:31,708 --> 04:53:34,600
alter according to their 
emotions, hobbies and family 

5460
04:53:34,600 --> 04:53:38,000
Dynamics, Mortals who appeared 
one God, might unintentionally 

5461
04:53:38,000 --> 04:53:41,600
offend, another leading to 
improbable circumstances in 

5462
04:53:41,600 --> 04:53:44,200
which virtue was largely 
dependent on Good Fortune. 

5463
04:53:44,200 --> 04:53:47,700
However, the Olympic Pantheon 
also produced some of the most 

5464
04:53:47,700 --> 04:53:51,500
inspirational Tales of moral 
courage, inventiveness and 

5465
04:53:51,500 --> 04:53:54,400
tenacity in history, by 
supporting Athens. 

5466
04:53:54,400 --> 04:53:57,700
Athena established a hub of 
scholarship and democracy that 

5467
04:53:57,700 --> 04:54:00,000
shaped civilization for 
thousands of years. 

5468
04:54:00,800 --> 04:54:02,900
Communities. 
Use the advice from Apollo's 

5469
04:54:02,900 --> 04:54:06,200
Oracle at Delphi to make tough 
choices and steer, clear of 

5470
04:54:06,200 --> 04:54:09,200
needless confrontations. 
Her Feist just showed that a 

5471
04:54:09,200 --> 04:54:11,700
person's physical limitations 
need not stop them from 

5472
04:54:11,700 --> 04:54:14,000
contributing significantly to 
their Community. 

5473
04:54:14,000 --> 04:54:16,900
Ancient people used the stories 
of the Gods as a kind of 

5474
04:54:16,900 --> 04:54:19,800
psychology to help them 
comprehend and deal with the 

5475
04:54:19,800 --> 04:54:23,600
complexity of human nature here 
as jealousy and need for respect

5476
04:54:23,600 --> 04:54:28,100
Apollo's, quest for Perfection 
artemis's need for Independence,

5477
04:54:28,100 --> 04:54:31,200
and Zeus's battles with 
authority and responsibility, 

5478
04:54:31,200 --> 04:54:34,200
were all Divine figures. 
That represented common human 

5479
04:54:34,200 --> 04:54:38,000
experience is while also 
implying the Devon Immortal 

5480
04:54:38,000 --> 04:54:40,500
beings had difficulties most 
significantly. 

5481
04:54:40,500 --> 04:54:42,600
The Olympian showed the 
potential and Perils of 

5482
04:54:42,608 --> 04:54:45,500
unbridled power. 
They had the power to change 

5483
04:54:45,500 --> 04:54:49,900
reality, as they saw fit before,
Miracles and resolve, impossibly

5484
04:54:49,900 --> 04:54:52,300
challenging issues. 
They could also let personal 

5485
04:54:52,300 --> 04:54:55,000
grievance is take precedence 
over their obligations to the 

5486
04:54:55,000 --> 04:54:58,400
world, they ruled Destroy 
civilizations and torture 

5487
04:54:58,400 --> 04:55:01,300
innocent people their 
experiences served as warnings 

5488
04:55:01,300 --> 04:55:04,300
about the value of restraint 
discernment and responsibility. 

5489
04:55:04,900 --> 04:55:08,300
Lessons that hold true in any 
time period where people, or 

5490
04:55:08,300 --> 04:55:12,000
organizations have substantial 
influence over others, their 

5491
04:55:12,000 --> 04:55:14,700
cultural influence was changed 
rather than eradicated. 

5492
04:55:14,700 --> 04:55:17,100
By the slower erosion of belief 
in the Olympic Gods. 

5493
04:55:17,100 --> 04:55:20,700
Their conflicts became metaphors
for the Timeless human conflicts

5494
04:55:20,700 --> 04:55:23,500
between Duty and desire, 
individual ambition, and 

5495
04:55:23,500 --> 04:55:27,600
Collective responsibility and 
reason and passion, and their 

5496
04:55:27,600 --> 04:55:30,700
stories became literature rather
than religion think about the 

5497
04:55:30,700 --> 04:55:33,100
amazing impact. 
These ancient Divine figures of 

5498
04:55:33,100 --> 04:55:35,800
had on our contemporary world, 
as you curl up deeper under your

5499
04:55:35,800 --> 04:55:40,000
blanket and feel the soft pull 
of sleep Drawing Near even 

5500
04:55:40,000 --> 04:55:42,800
though they know longer Reign 
from Mount Olympus, The Olympian

5501
04:55:42,800 --> 04:55:45,800
gods continue to have an impact 
on our language literature 

5502
04:55:45,800 --> 04:55:49,500
psychology, and perception of 
human nature in ways that would 

5503
04:55:49,500 --> 04:55:51,500
have surprised their original 
devotees. 

5504
04:55:51,500 --> 04:55:54,700
When you say that, someone 
hasn't Kelly's, heal your 

5505
04:55:54,700 --> 04:55:58,200
bringing up the tail of a hero 
whose Divine protection at one 

5506
04:55:58,200 --> 04:56:00,500
crucial moment. 
When you refer to a long 

5507
04:56:00,500 --> 04:56:03,600
challenge in Voyage, as an 
odyssey, you're alluding to a 

5508
04:56:03,600 --> 04:56:05,900
decisions wandering. 
Which were both aided and 

5509
04:56:05,908 --> 04:56:08,400
hindered by different Olympian 
gods who couldn't agree on, 

5510
04:56:08,400 --> 04:56:09,900
whether he should be punished or
assisted. 

5511
04:56:09,900 --> 04:56:13,200
The young man who fell in love 
with his own reflection, thanks 

5512
04:56:13,200 --> 04:56:16,400
to divine intervention. 
That punished his vanity comes 

5513
04:56:16,400 --> 04:56:19,900
to mind when you call someone 
narcissistic. the personalities 

5514
04:56:19,900 --> 04:56:22,800
of the gods have evolved into 
models for comprehending human 

5515
04:56:22,800 --> 04:56:26,300
psychology, Carl Jung realized 
that the Olympic Pantheon, 

5516
04:56:26,300 --> 04:56:29,100
reflected archetypal patterns 
that have existed throughout 

5517
04:56:29,100 --> 04:56:32,600
history and in many cultures 
Asks of human nature that we 

5518
04:56:32,600 --> 04:56:34,200
still recognize and grapple 
with. 

5519
04:56:34,200 --> 04:56:37,400
Today are reflected in the 
Divine personalities of the 

5520
04:56:37,400 --> 04:56:41,900
rebellious trickster Hermes. 
The nurturing mother Demeter, 

5521
04:56:41,900 --> 04:56:47,400
the creative artist Apollo and 
the wise Mentor Athena, the 

5522
04:56:47,400 --> 04:56:50,300
stories of The Olympian gods are
still told and reimagined in 

5523
04:56:50,308 --> 04:56:54,300
contemporary literature film. 
And television, which find fresh

5524
04:56:54,300 --> 04:56:56,600
significance in their 
Antiquated, rivalries and 

5525
04:56:56,600 --> 04:56:59,300
relationships. 
Greek mythology is introduced to

5526
04:56:59,308 --> 04:57:01,800
new generations, through Percy 
Jackson's Adventures. 

5527
04:57:01,800 --> 04:57:05,100
Which also modernized Divine 
figures for audiences today, 

5528
04:57:05,100 --> 04:57:08,000
Wonder Woman, embodies, 
contemporary ideals of justice. 

5529
04:57:08,000 --> 04:57:11,100
And equality, while obtaining 
her abilities from the Olympic 

5530
04:57:11,100 --> 04:57:14,400
Pantheon, the Greek tradition of
powerful beings using their 

5531
04:57:14,400 --> 04:57:17,500
abilities to protect or torment.
Common Mortals his even 

5532
04:57:17,500 --> 04:57:21,100
reflected in superhero comics 
are conceptions of leadership 

5533
04:57:21,100 --> 04:57:24,200
bureaucracy and power 
distribution have been shaped by

5534
04:57:24,200 --> 04:57:27,300
the gods approach to governance 
which combines specialized 

5535
04:57:27,300 --> 04:57:30,700
duties, familial relationships, 
and Cosmic Authority. 

5536
04:57:31,400 --> 04:57:33,900
The Notions that leaders must 
strike a balance between their 

5537
04:57:33,900 --> 04:57:35,800
personal interests and their 
public duties. 

5538
04:57:35,800 --> 04:57:38,600
That different facets of Life, 
call for different kinds of 

5539
04:57:38,600 --> 04:57:41,800
expertise and that corruption 
results from Power without 

5540
04:57:41,800 --> 04:57:44,900
accountability, can all be 
linked to the myths surrounding 

5541
04:57:44,900 --> 04:57:47,300
Zeus. 
And his Divine kin their 

5542
04:57:47,300 --> 04:57:49,800
romantic relationships and 
family disputes have given rise 

5543
04:57:49,800 --> 04:57:52,600
to surprisingly current models. 
The comprehending, the 

5544
04:57:52,600 --> 04:57:56,800
intricacies of marriage parent 
hood and love the dysfunctional 

5545
04:57:56,800 --> 04:57:59,600
marriage of Zeus and Hera 
provides insight into the impact

5546
04:57:59,600 --> 04:58:02,300
of power disparities on 
interpersonal, relationships, 

5547
04:58:02,300 --> 04:58:06,500
Demeter's, ferocious defense of 
Persephone serves as an example 

5548
04:58:06,500 --> 04:58:09,300
of the difficulties parents 
encounter, when their kids grow 

5549
04:58:09,300 --> 04:58:12,600
up and are on their own. 
Even having the ideal 

5550
04:58:12,600 --> 04:58:16,100
credentials, doesn't ensure 
romantic success as Apollo's 

5551
04:58:16,100 --> 04:58:17,200
unfilled. 
Love show. 

5552
04:58:17,200 --> 04:58:20,600
A sophisticated understanding of
human nature that predated 

5553
04:58:20,600 --> 04:58:24,500
modern Psychology by Millennia 
is reflected in the gods, moral 

5554
04:58:24,500 --> 04:58:28,000
ambiguity, their capacity for 
both great, kindness and 

5555
04:58:28,000 --> 04:58:30,900
terrible, cruelty the Olympic 
Gods, embodied the 

5556
04:58:30,908 --> 04:58:34,000
contradictions that Define real 
people in contrast to the 

5557
04:58:34,000 --> 04:58:37,200
purely, good or purely evil 
deities, found in some religious

5558
04:58:37,200 --> 04:58:39,500
Traditions. 
They were able to exhibit both 

5559
04:58:39,500 --> 04:58:43,100
wisdom and foolishness, 
generosity and selfishness, and 

5560
04:58:43,100 --> 04:58:46,900
love and hatred frequently 
within the same story, or even 

5561
04:58:46,900 --> 04:58:49,400
the same interaction, their 
stories were more 

5562
04:58:49,400 --> 04:58:52,900
psychologically, realistic. 
And as a result, more helpful 

5563
04:58:52,900 --> 04:58:55,300
for comprehending, human 
behavior because of their moral 

5564
04:58:55,300 --> 04:58:58,900
complexity stories about being 
who had unbounded power but 

5565
04:58:58,900 --> 04:59:02,400
still had very human limitations
help us understand situations 

5566
04:59:02,400 --> 04:59:06,900
where people act with unexpected
kindness or cruelty When leaders

5567
04:59:06,900 --> 04:59:09,600
make choices that seem to go 
against their professed values. 

5568
04:59:09,600 --> 04:59:13,100
And when families Go through 
both intense love and bitter 

5569
04:59:13,100 --> 04:59:15,500
conflict. 
The Olympic Pantheon also, 

5570
04:59:15,500 --> 04:59:19,300
created ways of thinking about 
cooperation, specialization and 

5571
04:59:19,300 --> 04:59:22,500
diversity, that still shape, the
way we set up complicated 

5572
04:59:22,500 --> 04:59:25,400
institutions, these 
organizational principles were 

5573
04:59:25,400 --> 04:59:28,400
ingrained in myths, about Gods, 
who governed various facets of 

5574
04:59:28,408 --> 04:59:30,600
the universe. 
While upholding an overall 

5575
04:59:30,600 --> 04:59:33,300
Divine government. 
These included the notion that 

5576
04:59:33,308 --> 04:59:36,200
different talents require 
different approaches that 

5577
04:59:36,200 --> 04:59:38,900
effectively leadership, 
frequently entails coordinating 

5578
04:59:38,900 --> 04:59:41,100
Specialists, rather than 
micromanaging them. 

5579
04:59:41,100 --> 04:59:44,400
And that even the most capable 
individuals require colleague 

5580
04:59:44,400 --> 04:59:47,800
with complementary skills. 
The ancient Greek belief that 

5581
04:59:47,800 --> 04:59:51,000
the Universe was essentially 
understandable and that humans 

5582
04:59:51,000 --> 04:59:53,800
could comprehend their place 
within greater Cosmic, patterns 

5583
04:59:53,800 --> 04:59:57,400
was, perhaps most persistently, 
embodied by the Olympian gods 

5584
04:59:57,400 --> 05:00:00,800
despite their strengths and 
immortality the gods were 

5585
05:00:00,800 --> 05:00:03,300
subject to laws. 
Had repercussions for their 

5586
05:00:03,300 --> 05:00:05,700
deeds and lived by moral 
standards. 

5587
05:00:05,700 --> 05:00:08,300
That Mortals could adopt and use
in their own lives. 

5588
05:00:08,300 --> 05:00:11,700
One of the pillars of Western 
civilization was this Optimistic

5589
05:00:11,700 --> 05:00:15,400
Outlook, which held that life 
had purpose, but knowledge was 

5590
05:00:15,400 --> 05:00:18,300
achievable, and that people 
could shape their own Destinies 

5591
05:00:18,300 --> 05:00:21,400
with hard work and wisdom. 
The stories of the Gods taught 

5592
05:00:21,400 --> 05:00:24,100
that even the most powerful 
beings were subject to moral 

5593
05:00:24,100 --> 05:00:25,700
laws that went beyond their own 
desires. 

5594
05:00:26,500 --> 05:00:29,300
The creativity could overcome 
constraints and that 

5595
05:00:29,300 --> 05:00:31,700
intelligence could triumph over 
Brute Force. 

5596
05:00:31,700 --> 05:00:35,800
Dreams of marble temples shining
in Mediterranean sunlight of 

5597
05:00:35,800 --> 05:00:39,600
divine voices resonating across 
ancient valleys, or of immortal 

5598
05:00:39,600 --> 05:00:42,200
families, assembling on a 
mountain peak to discuss the 

5599
05:00:42,200 --> 05:00:45,200
fate of both gods and Mortals 
may cross your mind. 

5600
05:00:45,200 --> 05:00:49,000
As you drift toward sleep, these
dreams transport you back. 

5601
05:00:49,000 --> 05:00:52,200
Thousands of years of human 
storytelling to innumerable 

5602
05:00:52,200 --> 05:00:55,200
Generations who drew inspiration
and meaning from stories about 

5603
05:00:55,200 --> 05:00:58,400
creatures who are both 
remarkably similar to us and 

5604
05:00:58,400 --> 05:01:01,800
completely different from us, 
the Olympian gods endure because

5605
05:01:01,800 --> 05:01:04,900
they represent Universal truths 
about relationships human nature

5606
05:01:04,900 --> 05:01:08,100
and The NeverEnding difficulties
of living in a complex world. 

5607
05:01:08,900 --> 05:01:11,000
Not because we believe in their 
literal existence. 

5608
05:01:11,000 --> 05:01:14,500
Their Tales servers are a 
reminder that even Immortal 

5609
05:01:14,500 --> 05:01:16,600
beings must learn to strike a 
balance between their 

5610
05:01:16,600 --> 05:01:20,400
obligations to others and their 
own desires, that stupidity and 

5611
05:01:20,408 --> 05:01:24,000
wisdom frequently coexist. 
And that power entails, both 

5612
05:01:24,000 --> 05:01:27,500
opportunities and 
responsibilities, you will be 

5613
05:01:27,500 --> 05:01:30,000
using insights that were 
initially, conveyed entails of 

5614
05:01:30,000 --> 05:01:34,400
Zeus's lightning bolts, Athena 
strategic Acumen Aphrodite's, 

5615
05:01:34,400 --> 05:01:37,400
intricate gifts and her fastest,
inventive tenacity. 

5616
05:01:37,400 --> 05:01:39,700
When you awaken tomorrow and 
confront the difficulties of 

5617
05:01:39,700 --> 05:01:43,300
your own mortal existence, even 
though the gods are old, they 

5618
05:01:43,300 --> 05:01:45,700
teachings are still as current 
as the news of the day. 

5619
05:01:45,700 --> 05:01:48,900
And as fresh as your morning, 
Joe rest easy. 

5620
05:01:48,900 --> 05:01:51,600
Knowing that you are a part of 
an ongoing, human tradition of 

5621
05:01:51,600 --> 05:01:53,300
using storytelling to find 
meaning. 

5622
05:01:53,300 --> 05:01:56,900
And that the questions you are 
faced with about power and love 

5623
05:01:56,900 --> 05:01:59,900
Justice and wisdom personal 
ambition and group 

5624
05:01:59,900 --> 05:02:02,900
responsibility. 
Other same ones that have 

5625
05:02:02,900 --> 05:02:05,900
inspired and challenged people 
ever since they first gazed up 

5626
05:02:05,900 --> 05:02:08,600
at the stars and wondered what 
immortal beings might think of 

5627
05:02:08,900 --> 05:02:10,100
Short. 
Complex lives. 

5628
05:02:14,400 --> 05:02:17,500
You're settling into a story 
from thousands of years ago when

5629
05:02:17,500 --> 05:02:20,400
people first began to stay in 
one place long enough to plant 

5630
05:02:20,400 --> 05:02:24,900
seeds and store grain. 
In those early Villages, warmth 

5631
05:02:24,900 --> 05:02:28,200
and shelter, Drew not only 
people together but also small 

5632
05:02:28,200 --> 05:02:31,100
animals who notice the steady 
routines and learned that 

5633
05:02:31,100 --> 05:02:35,400
nearness could mean safety. 
This is the story of how cats 

5634
05:02:35,400 --> 05:02:38,700
made that choice quietly and on 
their own terms. 

5635
05:02:39,800 --> 05:02:42,400
You awake in a settlement built 
along a river valley where the 

5636
05:02:42,400 --> 05:02:46,400
soil holds water and the sun 
warms clay Walls by mid-morning.

5637
05:02:47,300 --> 05:02:49,400
The air smells of dust and dry 
grass. 

5638
05:02:49,400 --> 05:02:52,900
People move through, familiar 
patterns carrying baskets of 

5639
05:02:52,908 --> 05:02:57,200
barley, sweeping dirt, floors 
and stacking bundles of reads 

5640
05:02:57,200 --> 05:03:01,400
against lowest stone walls. 
Everything happens slowly shape 

5641
05:03:01,400 --> 05:03:05,500
by heat and habit. 
Grain Stores sit in ceramic jars

5642
05:03:05,500 --> 05:03:09,100
with flat Lids stacked in shaded
corners of courtyards. 

5643
05:03:09,800 --> 05:03:11,600
The jars. 
Hold enough to last through 

5644
05:03:11,600 --> 05:03:14,000
Seasons, when nothing grows 
people. 

5645
05:03:14,000 --> 05:03:17,800
Check them daily brushing away, 
insects and tilting, the lids to

5646
05:03:17,800 --> 05:03:21,500
peer inside the grain shifts 
with a soft whisper when 

5647
05:03:21,500 --> 05:03:26,300
Disturbed mice noticed this 
abundant they arrive in the cool

5648
05:03:26,300 --> 05:03:30,100
hours before Dawn slipping 
through gaps in woven fence's 

5649
05:03:30,100 --> 05:03:34,500
following the center of Sword 
seeds, cats noticed, the mice 

5650
05:03:35,300 --> 05:03:38,000
They move into the edges of the 
settlement without ceremony. 

5651
05:03:38,000 --> 05:03:41,500
Stepping lightly along the 
perimeter where walls meet open 

5652
05:03:41,500 --> 05:03:44,300
ground. 
They do not announce themselves,

5653
05:03:44,300 --> 05:03:49,200
they find places to rest in the 
shade of overhangs behind stacks

5654
05:03:49,200 --> 05:03:51,600
of clay bricks. 
And under benches where the 

5655
05:03:51,600 --> 05:03:54,400
ground stays cool. 
They watch the movement of 

5656
05:03:54,400 --> 05:03:58,200
people and animals with Karma 
tension learning, the rhythm of 

5657
05:03:58,200 --> 05:04:00,500
the day. 
Mornings. 

5658
05:04:00,500 --> 05:04:03,300
Begin with the scrape of wooden 
tools against Stone. 

5659
05:04:03,300 --> 05:04:06,800
The rustle of baskets being 
filled and the low hum of 

5660
05:04:06,808 --> 05:04:11,600
voices, discussing tasks. 
People work steadily pause to 

5661
05:04:11,600 --> 05:04:14,100
drink. 
Water from shallow bowls wiping,

5662
05:04:14,100 --> 05:04:18,000
sweat from their foreheads. 
The settlement feels orderly and

5663
05:04:18,000 --> 05:04:21,600
predictable. 
Courtyards fill with sunlight. 

5664
05:04:22,400 --> 05:04:26,900
Shadows, shrink toward midday. 
Cats settle into spots where 

5665
05:04:26,900 --> 05:04:31,300
they can see without being seen 
alleged above a doorway, a gap 

5666
05:04:31,300 --> 05:04:35,200
between two storage jars. 
The top of a wall warmed by 

5667
05:04:35,200 --> 05:04:38,500
Morning, Sun. 
They rest with eyes, half closed

5668
05:04:38,500 --> 05:04:41,700
and Tails curled around their 
bodies breathing, slowly. 

5669
05:04:42,600 --> 05:04:46,300
They do not seek attention. 
They simply occupy space that 

5670
05:04:46,300 --> 05:04:50,700
offers both comfort and Vantage.
Children's scatter grain for 

5671
05:04:50,700 --> 05:04:54,100
chickens in the courtyard. 
The birds Peck and flutter 

5672
05:04:54,100 --> 05:04:56,600
kicking up, small clouds of 
dust. 

5673
05:04:57,500 --> 05:05:01,300
Cats, watch this activity from a
distance, noting, the movement, 

5674
05:05:01,300 --> 05:05:05,200
the sound, and the predictable 
timing, they learn when the 

5675
05:05:05,200 --> 05:05:08,100
courtyard fills. 
And when it empties, they learn 

5676
05:05:08,100 --> 05:05:11,100
which paths people take most 
often in which Corners remain 

5677
05:05:11,100 --> 05:05:15,900
undisturbed, By midday the heat 
presses down and movement slows 

5678
05:05:15,900 --> 05:05:20,100
people Retreat indoors or into 
the deepest shade, the 

5679
05:05:20,100 --> 05:05:23,400
settlement grows quiet. 
Even the chickens settle into 

5680
05:05:23,400 --> 05:05:26,700
dust baths fluffing, their 
feathers and closing their eyes 

5681
05:05:26,700 --> 05:05:30,200
cats. 
Remain still conserving energy. 

5682
05:05:30,200 --> 05:05:32,700
Letting the hours pass without 
effort. 

5683
05:05:32,700 --> 05:05:37,000
There is no urgency here time 
moves in Long unhurried 

5684
05:05:37,000 --> 05:05:39,900
stretches. 
Later afternoon, brings a shift 

5685
05:05:39,900 --> 05:05:43,500
in temperature, breezes begin to
move through the spaces between 

5686
05:05:43,500 --> 05:05:46,600
buildings, people emerged to 
continue their work. 

5687
05:05:46,600 --> 05:05:50,700
They grind grain with heavy 
Stones, The Sound rhythmic and 

5688
05:05:50,700 --> 05:05:54,500
steady. 
The Weave mats from reads, the 

5689
05:05:54,500 --> 05:05:56,300
hands moving in practice 
patterns. 

5690
05:05:57,200 --> 05:06:01,400
They meant baskets repair tools 
and 10, small Fires for evening 

5691
05:06:01,400 --> 05:06:04,900
meals. 
Cut stretch and shift positions 

5692
05:06:04,900 --> 05:06:07,600
following the retreating patches
of sunlight. 

5693
05:06:07,600 --> 05:06:11,200
They groom themselves. 
With careful attention smoothing

5694
05:06:11,200 --> 05:06:15,300
fur and cleaning pores. 
They yawn widely showing sharp 

5695
05:06:15,300 --> 05:06:19,400
teeth then settle again. 
Their presence becomes part of 

5696
05:06:19,400 --> 05:06:22,300
the landscape, unremarkable and 
accepted. 

5697
05:06:23,100 --> 05:06:26,500
Mice, Venture, outer Shadows, 
length and emboldened by the 

5698
05:06:26,500 --> 05:06:29,700
approaching dusk. 
They move quickly darting from 

5699
05:06:29,700 --> 05:06:32,000
one hiding spot to another 
always alert. 

5700
05:06:33,400 --> 05:06:37,900
Cats track this movement with 
Focus Stillness, bodies low ears

5701
05:06:37,900 --> 05:06:42,500
forward, sometimes they move, 
sometimes they simply watch. 

5702
05:06:43,200 --> 05:06:45,900
The settlement provides more 
than enough opportunity. 

5703
05:06:45,900 --> 05:06:49,600
There is no need to rush. 
People notice the cats in 

5704
05:06:49,600 --> 05:06:51,900
passing? 
Shape on a wall. 

5705
05:06:52,700 --> 05:06:54,700
Flicker of movement in 
peripheral vision. 

5706
05:06:54,700 --> 05:06:57,800
No one reacts with surprise or 
concern. 

5707
05:06:57,800 --> 05:07:02,000
The cats are simply there as the
chickens are there, as the 

5708
05:07:02,000 --> 05:07:05,300
insects are there. 
They belong to the rhythm of the

5709
05:07:05,300 --> 05:07:07,300
place without requiring 
acknowledgment. 

5710
05:07:08,100 --> 05:07:11,100
Evening approaches and the 
quality of life changes turning 

5711
05:07:11,100 --> 05:07:15,100
golden and soft. 
Cooking fires, begin to Glow in 

5712
05:07:15,100 --> 05:07:17,700
halves. 
The smell of baking bread drifts

5713
05:07:17,700 --> 05:07:21,200
through the settlement. people 
gather near doorways sitting on 

5714
05:07:21,208 --> 05:07:25,600
low stools, talking quietly as 
they eat, Cats remain at a 

5715
05:07:25,600 --> 05:07:29,200
distance observing. 
They do not approach the fires 

5716
05:07:29,200 --> 05:07:33,400
or the food, they maintain their
own routines independent. 

5717
05:07:33,400 --> 05:07:37,600
But aware as Darkness settles 
the settlement grows quieter 

5718
05:07:37,600 --> 05:07:41,300
still People move indoors, 
fires, burn lower. 

5719
05:07:42,400 --> 05:07:45,100
Sounds of the day Fade Into the 
sounds of night. 

5720
05:07:46,000 --> 05:07:49,900
Distant animal calls the rustle 
of wind through Reeds. 

5721
05:07:49,900 --> 05:07:54,100
And the occasional crack of 
settling would cats navigate 

5722
05:07:54,100 --> 05:07:58,400
this Darkness with ease, their 
eyes catching faint light, their

5723
05:07:58,400 --> 05:08:02,600
movement silent and assured. 
The daily life of the settlement

5724
05:08:02,600 --> 05:08:06,000
continues this way day after day
season off to season. 

5725
05:08:06,900 --> 05:08:10,200
Patterns, repeat cats, learn 
them thoroughly. 

5726
05:08:10,200 --> 05:08:14,200
They understand when grain is 
pawed when Courtyards are sweat 

5727
05:08:14,200 --> 05:08:17,000
when people rest and When they 
work. 

5728
05:08:18,000 --> 05:08:20,800
This knowledge allows them to 
exist, comfortably within the 

5729
05:08:20,800 --> 05:08:24,600
human world without disrupting 
it or being disrupted by it. 

5730
05:08:25,800 --> 05:08:29,100
The relationship begins not 
through intention but through 

5731
05:08:29,100 --> 05:08:33,500
simple proximity and the gradual
recognition of mutual benefit. 

5732
05:08:34,500 --> 05:08:36,900
You watch as people build and 
repair the structures that 

5733
05:08:36,900 --> 05:08:40,400
Define their lives. 
Walls, rise from mud bricks 

5734
05:08:40,400 --> 05:08:42,800
dried. 
In the sun, stacked carefully, 

5735
05:08:42,800 --> 05:08:46,000
and mortared with clay. 
Roofs are formed from wooden 

5736
05:08:46,000 --> 05:08:48,500
beams, layered with reeds and 
packed Earth. 

5737
05:08:49,200 --> 05:08:52,800
Each structure takes shape 
through repetition lifting 

5738
05:08:52,800 --> 05:08:57,700
placing, smoothing and waiting 
for materials to set and Harden.

5739
05:08:58,800 --> 05:09:02,200
Cats, observe this construction 
from nearby Vantage points. 

5740
05:09:02,900 --> 05:09:06,400
They note the appearance of new 
walls that create Shade New 

5741
05:09:06,400 --> 05:09:10,200
overhangs that block rain a new 
corners that hold warmth. 

5742
05:09:11,200 --> 05:09:14,900
As people work cats test, these 
spaces, stepping carefully onto 

5743
05:09:14,900 --> 05:09:17,900
fresh, surfaces, sniffing at new
materials and deciding which 

5744
05:09:17,900 --> 05:09:21,000
spots suit them. 
A beam positioned at just the 

5745
05:09:21,000 --> 05:09:24,700
right height becomes arresting 
place a gap between two walls 

5746
05:09:24,700 --> 05:09:28,000
becomes a passage. 
The cats adapt to the changing 

5747
05:09:28,000 --> 05:09:30,600
landscape as it. 
Develops people sweep 

5748
05:09:30,600 --> 05:09:34,100
Courtyards, daily using bundles 
of Twigs tied with cord. 

5749
05:09:34,100 --> 05:09:38,100
They pushed dust and debris 
toward the edges, clearing paths

5750
05:09:38,100 --> 05:09:41,700
and Gathering areas. 
This sweeping creates clean Open

5751
05:09:41,700 --> 05:09:44,900
Spaces where movement is easy 
and visibility is clear. 

5752
05:09:45,900 --> 05:09:49,600
Cats move through the swept 
areas with confidence, their 

5753
05:09:49,600 --> 05:09:53,200
paws finding smooth ground, 
their approach, unhindered by 

5754
05:09:53,200 --> 05:09:56,300
clutter. 
The maintenance of order serves 

5755
05:09:56,300 --> 05:09:58,700
both species without either one 
planning for the other. 

5756
05:09:59,700 --> 05:10:04,000
Storage areas require constant 
attention, baskets need mending.

5757
05:10:04,000 --> 05:10:07,500
When reads crack and split. 
Clay jars, develop hairline 

5758
05:10:07,500 --> 05:10:09,900
fractures that must be sealed 
with fresh clay. 

5759
05:10:09,900 --> 05:10:13,500
Wooden Lids warp in the Heat and
must be replaced. 

5760
05:10:14,500 --> 05:10:17,200
People work steadily to keep 
these containers, functional 

5761
05:10:17,200 --> 05:10:21,400
knowing that grain left exposed 
to tracks more than just mice, 

5762
05:10:21,400 --> 05:10:28,000
insects swarm, Birds descend, 
larger animals investigate, the 

5763
05:10:28,000 --> 05:10:30,900
effort to maintain sealed 
storage becomes a daily priority

5764
05:10:30,900 --> 05:10:34,500
cats benefit from this vigilance
sealed. 

5765
05:10:34,500 --> 05:10:37,900
Storage means concentrated 
population of mice and rats 

5766
05:10:37,900 --> 05:10:42,000
drawn to the few accessible 
points of Entry the cats, learn 

5767
05:10:42,000 --> 05:10:44,700
these points. 
They position themselves near 

5768
05:10:44,700 --> 05:10:49,400
the bases of storage jars, near 
the seams of woven baskets and 

5769
05:10:49,400 --> 05:10:52,100
near the gaps where wooden 
platforms meet walls. 

5770
05:10:53,000 --> 05:10:56,000
They wait with extraordinary, 
patients bodies. 

5771
05:10:56,000 --> 05:11:00,300
Still breathing slow. 
When movement occurs, they 

5772
05:11:00,300 --> 05:11:04,600
respond with sudden Precision, 
then they settle again waiting 

5773
05:11:04,600 --> 05:11:08,100
for the next opportunity. 
Pathways develop through 

5774
05:11:08,100 --> 05:11:11,900
repeated, use people walk, the 
same routes between buildings 

5775
05:11:11,900 --> 05:11:15,400
between work, areas and water 
sources, and between homes and 

5776
05:11:15,400 --> 05:11:18,300
Fields. 
A footsteps, where the ground 

5777
05:11:18,300 --> 05:11:22,700
smooth creating defined Trails 
cats. 

5778
05:11:22,700 --> 05:11:26,700
Use the same paths, finding them
easier to navigate the rough 

5779
05:11:26,700 --> 05:11:30,100
Terrain. 
The shared root become familiar 

5780
05:11:30,100 --> 05:11:33,000
to both marked by Mutual passage
though. 

5781
05:11:33,000 --> 05:11:38,500
Never buy agreement. 
Repairs happened constantly a 

5782
05:11:38,500 --> 05:11:41,100
section of wall, crumbles and 
must be rebuilt. 

5783
05:11:41,700 --> 05:11:46,300
A roof develops, a leak and 
requires new layers of thatch, a

5784
05:11:46,300 --> 05:11:48,500
doorway sags and needs 
reinforcements. 

5785
05:11:49,400 --> 05:11:53,200
People approach these tasks 
methodically Gathering materials

5786
05:11:53,200 --> 05:11:56,600
working in the cooler hours and 
testing their repairs before 

5787
05:11:56,600 --> 05:12:00,300
considering them complete. 
Cats are just to the temporary 

5788
05:12:00,300 --> 05:12:04,500
disruption moving to adjacent. 
Space is watching the work with 

5789
05:12:04,500 --> 05:12:08,200
Carmen interest and returning, 
once stability is restored. 

5790
05:12:09,200 --> 05:12:11,200
Courtyards become centers of 
activity. 

5791
05:12:12,100 --> 05:12:15,200
People gather there to work on 
tasks that require space, 

5792
05:12:15,200 --> 05:12:20,500
spreading grain to dry sorting 
harvested crops and preparing 

5793
05:12:20,500 --> 05:12:24,100
materials for building. 
The ground is packed, hard from 

5794
05:12:24,100 --> 05:12:29,000
constant, use low walls, Define 
the edges benches and platforms.

5795
05:12:29,000 --> 05:12:33,500
Provide places to sit and rest. 
Cats navigate the margins of the

5796
05:12:33,500 --> 05:12:37,300
spaces, staying clear of active 
work, but remaining close enough

5797
05:12:37,300 --> 05:12:39,900
to observe. 
Water channels require 

5798
05:12:39,900 --> 05:12:43,300
maintenance. 
Clay line, trenches carry water 

5799
05:12:43,300 --> 05:12:44,600
from the river to the 
settlement. 

5800
05:12:45,500 --> 05:12:49,700
Settlement accumulates and must 
be cleared, cracks develop and 

5801
05:12:49,700 --> 05:12:52,900
need patching. 
People weighed into the shallow 

5802
05:12:52,900 --> 05:12:54,900
Channels with tools. 
Scraping away. 

5803
05:12:54,900 --> 05:12:59,400
Build-ups smoothing, surfaces 
and ensuring steady flow Cats 

5804
05:12:59,400 --> 05:13:02,500
watch from the banks, 
occasionally lapping water from 

5805
05:13:02,500 --> 05:13:05,900
the edges, taking advantage of 
the accessible moisture without 

5806
05:13:05,900 --> 05:13:07,400
venturing into the channels 
themselves. 

5807
05:13:08,500 --> 05:13:12,300
Building materials accumulate in
designated areas stacks, of 

5808
05:13:12,308 --> 05:13:16,300
reeds piles of clay, bricks, 
bundles, of wooden poles. 

5809
05:13:16,300 --> 05:13:19,700
These collections create 
sheltered looks and elevated 

5810
05:13:19,700 --> 05:13:24,400
platforms, cats, explore these 
spaces, thoroughly discovering, 

5811
05:13:24,400 --> 05:13:28,200
which Stacks are stable enough 
to climb which gaps provide 

5812
05:13:28,200 --> 05:13:31,300
shelter from wind, which Heights
offer the best view. 

5813
05:13:32,900 --> 05:13:36,200
The unintended architecture of 
stored materials becomes a 

5814
05:13:36,200 --> 05:13:40,000
landscape of opportunity. 
People build low walls to Define

5815
05:13:40,000 --> 05:13:43,900
property and create boundaries. 
These walls are not high just 

5816
05:13:43,900 --> 05:13:46,600
enough to Mark separation and 
provide modest privacy. 

5817
05:13:47,400 --> 05:13:51,000
Cats use the tops of these walls
as highways moving through the 

5818
05:13:51,000 --> 05:13:53,300
settlement with elevation and 
speed. 

5819
05:13:54,200 --> 05:13:56,100
The walls become connective 
tissue. 

5820
05:13:56,100 --> 05:13:59,900
Linking different areas allowing
cats to travel without 

5821
05:13:59,900 --> 05:14:03,500
descending to ground level where
people and other animals, move 

5822
05:14:03,500 --> 05:14:08,200
more dense than halves are built
with care using stones. 

5823
05:14:08,200 --> 05:14:11,800
That can withstand Heat 
Positioned to allow smoke to 

5824
05:14:11,800 --> 05:14:13,800
rise and Escape through roof 
opening. 

5825
05:14:14,800 --> 05:14:17,100
Ashes accumulate and are removed
regularly. 

5826
05:14:17,100 --> 05:14:21,100
Carried away to be used in 
Garden's or mixed with clay for 

5827
05:14:21,100 --> 05:14:23,900
building. 
Cats avoid active fires, but 

5828
05:14:23,900 --> 05:14:27,200
appreciate the residual, warmth 
of stones, that have held heat 

5829
05:14:27,200 --> 05:14:30,500
through the day. they rest near 
the spots in the evening 

5830
05:14:30,500 --> 05:14:34,500
absorbing warmth as 
temperatures, drop The act of 

5831
05:14:34,508 --> 05:14:37,600
maintaining shared spaces 
creates a rhythm that cats can 

5832
05:14:37,600 --> 05:14:39,400
anticipate. 
Mourning. 

5833
05:14:39,400 --> 05:14:42,700
Sweeping midday repairs evening 
cooking. 

5834
05:14:43,600 --> 05:14:46,300
Each activity signals. 
Something about the state of the

5835
05:14:46,300 --> 05:14:49,000
settlement about where people 
will be and what they will be 

5836
05:14:49,000 --> 05:14:51,700
doing. 
Cats, do not participate in this

5837
05:14:51,700 --> 05:14:54,600
maintenance, but they benefit 
from its results. 

5838
05:14:55,500 --> 05:14:58,900
Clean paths. 
Stable structures, concentrated 

5839
05:14:58,900 --> 05:15:01,200
resources and predictable 
patterns. 

5840
05:15:02,200 --> 05:15:05,900
Shared environment becomes 
gradually a truly shared space. 

5841
05:15:05,900 --> 05:15:09,900
You notice the way presence 
becomes acceptance without ever 

5842
05:15:09,900 --> 05:15:13,500
becoming partnership. 
People and cats occupy the same 

5843
05:15:13,500 --> 05:15:15,900
settlement. 
Moving through the same days 

5844
05:15:15,900 --> 05:15:18,600
yet, maintaining separate 
rhythms that occasionally 

5845
05:15:18,600 --> 05:15:19,900
intersect with without 
Collision. 

5846
05:15:21,100 --> 05:15:25,600
Cat rests on a sun warmed wall, 
a person walks past, carrying a 

5847
05:15:25,600 --> 05:15:28,000
basket. 
Neither acknowledges, the other 

5848
05:15:28,000 --> 05:15:30,600
directly. 
The person does not stop to 

5849
05:15:30,600 --> 05:15:34,000
observe the cat. 
The cat does not start or flee. 

5850
05:15:34,700 --> 05:15:39,000
Both with their own concerns, 
their proximity on remarkable. 

5851
05:15:39,000 --> 05:15:43,600
This happens dozens of times 
each day and accumulation of 

5852
05:15:43,600 --> 05:15:46,900
neutral encounters that builds 
familiarity through sheer 

5853
05:15:46,900 --> 05:15:50,600
repetition. 
Children of the first to show 

5854
05:15:50,600 --> 05:15:55,300
interest, they noticed cats more
readily than adults, do pointing

5855
05:15:55,300 --> 05:15:59,200
them out, watching them groom or
stretch or move along the tops 

5856
05:15:59,200 --> 05:16:02,600
of walls. 
Occasionally, a child reaches 

5857
05:16:02,600 --> 05:16:05,300
out attempting to touch a cat 
that Ventures near. 

5858
05:16:06,100 --> 05:16:10,300
Most cats step away, maintaining
distance unwilling to engage. 

5859
05:16:11,400 --> 05:16:14,900
Few allow brief contact 
tolerating a gentle hand before 

5860
05:16:14,900 --> 05:16:17,700
moving on. 
The children learn gradually, 

5861
05:16:17,700 --> 05:16:21,700
which cats accept this attention
and which do not no one teaches 

5862
05:16:21,700 --> 05:16:23,900
them this. 
They learn through observation 

5863
05:16:23,900 --> 05:16:27,900
and minor disappointment adults,
focus on work and allow cats to 

5864
05:16:27,900 --> 05:16:30,500
exist without interference a 
woman. 

5865
05:16:30,508 --> 05:16:33,700
Grinding grain notices, a cat 
sleeping in the shade of her 

5866
05:16:33,700 --> 05:16:37,000
workspace. 
She continues grinding, the 

5867
05:16:37,000 --> 05:16:40,900
rhythmic sound unchanging. 
Cat continues sleeping, 

5868
05:16:40,900 --> 05:16:44,300
undisturbed by the noise. 
They share the space for hours 

5869
05:16:44,300 --> 05:16:47,600
without interaction. 
When the woman finishes and 

5870
05:16:47,600 --> 05:16:51,600
moves away the cat remains, when
the cat eventually wakes and 

5871
05:16:51,600 --> 05:16:53,700
leaves the woman does not 
notice. 

5872
05:16:53,700 --> 05:16:58,000
Its absence Tolerance becomes 
the foundation of coexistence 

5873
05:16:58,000 --> 05:17:01,600
people tolerate cats in their 
storage areas because the cats 

5874
05:17:01,600 --> 05:17:05,700
reduce Vermin cats, tolerate 
people because the settlement 

5875
05:17:05,700 --> 05:17:09,900
provides a resources and safety,
neither species seeks deeper 

5876
05:17:09,900 --> 05:17:12,400
connection. 
The relationship remains 

5877
05:17:12,400 --> 05:17:16,000
practical grounded in, mutual 
benefit that requires no 

5878
05:17:16,000 --> 05:17:20,100
affection or loyalty. 
Some cats become more visible 

5879
05:17:20,100 --> 05:17:22,300
than others, a particular 
individual. 

5880
05:17:22,300 --> 05:17:25,000
Might choose a favorite resting 
spot in a frequently. 

5881
05:17:25,000 --> 05:17:27,700
Traveled area becoming a 
familiar sight. 

5882
05:17:28,500 --> 05:17:32,500
People begin to recognize this 
cat by its markings or behavior.

5883
05:17:32,500 --> 05:17:36,200
They do not name it or claim it,
but they notice when it is 

5884
05:17:36,208 --> 05:17:41,500
present and when it is absent, 
This recognition is passive a 

5885
05:17:41,500 --> 05:17:43,800
byproduct of routine rather than
intention. 

5886
05:17:44,800 --> 05:17:48,400
Meals are eaten in Courtyards or
near doorways, people sit 

5887
05:17:48,400 --> 05:17:50,500
together, sharing food from 
common vessels. 

5888
05:17:51,400 --> 05:17:55,400
Small amounts fall to the ground
crumbs of bread fragments of 

5889
05:17:55,400 --> 05:17:59,900
cooked grain bits of dried fish.
Cats observe from a distance 

5890
05:17:59,900 --> 05:18:02,900
waiting until people dispersed 
before approaching to 

5891
05:18:02,900 --> 05:18:05,500
investigate. 
What remains they eat? 

5892
05:18:05,500 --> 05:18:07,300
What interests them. 
And ignore the rest. 

5893
05:18:08,400 --> 05:18:11,600
People do not set food out to 
deliberately for cats, but they 

5894
05:18:11,608 --> 05:18:14,300
do not prevent cats from taking 
what has been dropped or 

5895
05:18:14,300 --> 05:18:17,200
discarded. 
Seasonal changes affect both 

5896
05:18:17,200 --> 05:18:20,800
humans and cats. 
When rains come people seek 

5897
05:18:20,800 --> 05:18:25,300
shelter indoors and cats find 
dry spaces beneath overhangs or 

5898
05:18:25,300 --> 05:18:27,200
inside partially open 
structures. 

5899
05:18:28,300 --> 05:18:31,700
When heating tents of fires, 
both species, move more slowly 

5900
05:18:31,700 --> 05:18:35,500
seeking shade and resting 
through the hottest hours. 

5901
05:18:36,800 --> 05:18:40,900
When cooler weather arrives, 
both become more active working 

5902
05:18:40,900 --> 05:18:43,000
or hunting during longer 
portions of the day. 

5903
05:18:44,200 --> 05:18:47,000
The shared response to 
environmental conditions creates

5904
05:18:47,000 --> 05:18:50,900
parallel patterns of behavior. 
Boundaries develop, naturally 

5905
05:18:50,900 --> 05:18:54,800
cats, learn, which buildings are
occupied and which stand empty. 

5906
05:18:55,500 --> 05:18:58,500
They avoid entering active, 
Living Spaces where people sleep

5907
05:18:58,500 --> 05:19:01,000
and gather they prefer storage 
areas. 

5908
05:19:01,000 --> 05:19:04,700
Workshops and Courtyards where 
human presence is intermittent 

5909
05:19:04,700 --> 05:19:07,800
and predictable. 
People in turn do not attempt to

5910
05:19:07,808 --> 05:19:10,400
control where cats go or how 
they spend their time. 

5911
05:19:10,400 --> 05:19:13,800
The settlement is large enough 
to accommodate both without 

5912
05:19:13,800 --> 05:19:17,400
crowding or conflict. 
Illness and injury occur among 

5913
05:19:17,400 --> 05:19:19,000
cats as they do among all 
animals. 

5914
05:19:20,000 --> 05:19:23,500
A cat limps from a strained, 
poor moving more slowly for 

5915
05:19:23,500 --> 05:19:26,600
several days before recovering. 
Cat develops. 

5916
05:19:26,600 --> 05:19:30,500
A wound that gradually heals. 
People noticed these conditions 

5917
05:19:30,500 --> 05:19:35,300
in passing but do not intervene.
cats manage their health resting

5918
05:19:35,300 --> 05:19:39,200
when needed, and continuing to 
hunt and explore when able There

5919
05:19:39,200 --> 05:19:41,900
is no expectation of care and no
provisional of it. 

5920
05:19:42,700 --> 05:19:46,400
New cats arrived, occasionally 
drawn by the same resources that

5921
05:19:46,400 --> 05:19:50,400
sustain the existing population.
These newcomers navigate the 

5922
05:19:50,400 --> 05:19:53,900
social landscape of the resident
cats finding their own 

5923
05:19:53,900 --> 05:19:57,800
territories and routines. 
People observe this process with

5924
05:19:57,800 --> 05:19:59,900
mild interest but do not 
interfere. 

5925
05:19:59,900 --> 05:20:04,100
The cat population fluctuates 
naturally shaped by available 

5926
05:20:04,100 --> 05:20:06,900
resources and the carrying 
capacity of the settlement 

5927
05:20:06,900 --> 05:20:10,900
rather than by human management.
Some cats leave. 

5928
05:20:10,900 --> 05:20:13,600
They want to be on the 
settlements boundaries and do 

5929
05:20:13,600 --> 05:20:16,500
not return. 
People do not search for them or

5930
05:20:16,500 --> 05:20:19,600
wonder where they have gone, 
other cats appear to replace 

5931
05:20:19,600 --> 05:20:22,000
them and life continues without 
interruption. 

5932
05:20:23,100 --> 05:20:26,400
The fluidity of the cat 
population mirrors, the fluidity

5933
05:20:26,400 --> 05:20:29,700
of human life in the settlement 
where people also come and go 

5934
05:20:29,700 --> 05:20:33,100
arriving from other places or 
departing to establish new 

5935
05:20:33,100 --> 05:20:36,000
homes. 
The coexistence remained 

5936
05:20:36,000 --> 05:20:38,200
unmarked by ceremony or 
acknowledgment. 

5937
05:20:38,200 --> 05:20:42,500
There are no ritual celebrating 
the presents of cats, know, 

5938
05:20:42,500 --> 05:20:45,900
stories told about particular 
individuals and no attempts to 

5939
05:20:45,908 --> 05:20:50,100
formalize the relationship. 
Cats and humans simply live near

5940
05:20:50,100 --> 05:20:53,800
one, another sharing space and 
resources in ways that require 

5941
05:20:53,800 --> 05:20:58,400
minimal effort from either side.
This Simplicity this lack of 

5942
05:20:58,400 --> 05:21:01,700
complication allows the 
arrangement to endure without 

5943
05:21:01,700 --> 05:21:05,600
strain or expectation. 
You feel the weight of midday 

5944
05:21:05,600 --> 05:21:07,900
heat settling over the 
settlement, like a thick 

5945
05:21:07,900 --> 05:21:11,200
blanket? 
Movement slows until it nearly 

5946
05:21:11,200 --> 05:21:13,900
stops. 
People Retreat to the coolest 

5947
05:21:13,900 --> 05:21:16,400
spaces. 
They can find sitting in deep 

5948
05:21:16,400 --> 05:21:20,500
shade or lying on Floors inside 
buildings where walls block the 

5949
05:21:20,500 --> 05:21:23,600
Sun. 
They're breathing deepens their 

5950
05:21:23,600 --> 05:21:26,800
eyes closed. 
Time stretches and softens. 

5951
05:21:27,600 --> 05:21:30,600
Cats respond to the same heat 
with the same Instinct for 

5952
05:21:30,600 --> 05:21:33,800
Stillness. 
They find their own cool spots. 

5953
05:21:34,700 --> 05:21:38,400
With carts where air circulates 
in the shadow of walls that face

5954
05:21:38,400 --> 05:21:41,600
away from the Sun. 
And on Stone floors inside empty

5955
05:21:41,600 --> 05:21:45,300
storage rooms, where the 
temperature stays even They curl

5956
05:21:45,300 --> 05:21:49,400
into compact shapes or sprawl 
with legs extended, whatever 

5957
05:21:49,400 --> 05:21:53,200
position offers the most Comfort
their body's relaxed completely 

5958
05:21:53,200 --> 05:21:56,500
muscles. 
Loose Tails Motionless. 

5959
05:21:57,200 --> 05:22:00,700
The settlement enters a state of
collective pause even the 

5960
05:22:00,700 --> 05:22:04,100
chickens stop, their constant 
movement settling into Hollows. 

5961
05:22:04,100 --> 05:22:07,800
They have scratched in the dirt 
panting softly with beaks open 

5962
05:22:08,600 --> 05:22:13,200
Dog sprawl in the shade tongues 
lolling sides rising and falling

5963
05:22:13,200 --> 05:22:16,000
with each breath. 
The entire community of 

5964
05:22:16,000 --> 05:22:19,500
creatures acknowledges the same 
need for rest, the same 

5965
05:22:19,500 --> 05:22:22,700
surrender to conditions that 
cannot be changed or hurried, 

5966
05:22:23,500 --> 05:22:26,900
Cats, sleep in short Cycles, 
waking briefly to shift 

5967
05:22:26,900 --> 05:22:29,100
position, or groom before 
settling again. 

5968
05:22:29,900 --> 05:22:32,200
Their sleep is light enough that
they remain aware of their 

5969
05:22:32,200 --> 05:22:36,100
surroundings ears. 
Swiveling towards sounds eyes, 

5970
05:22:36,100 --> 05:22:38,900
opening to slits when something 
moves nearby. 

5971
05:22:39,700 --> 05:22:42,500
They do not dream in ways that 
show outwardly. 

5972
05:22:43,500 --> 05:22:46,900
They simply rest allowing their 
bodies to recover from the 

5973
05:22:46,900 --> 05:22:50,000
energy spent hunting and 
exploring during cooler hours. 

5974
05:22:51,600 --> 05:22:53,200
People wait for their own rest 
more. 

5975
05:22:53,200 --> 05:22:57,000
Gradually, they sit up slowly, 
rubbing their faces, drinking 

5976
05:22:57,000 --> 05:23:00,500
water, from clay vessels, and 
preparing to resume work. 

5977
05:23:00,500 --> 05:23:04,000
As the day cools, their 
movements are unhurried still 

5978
05:23:04,000 --> 05:23:05,500
heavy with the remnants of 
sleep. 

5979
05:23:05,500 --> 05:23:08,600
They talk quietly. 
If they talk at all conserving 

5980
05:23:08,600 --> 05:23:11,800
energy for the tasks ahead, Late
late afternoon. 

5981
05:23:11,800 --> 05:23:14,600
Brings a shift in energy, 
Shadows length. 

5982
05:23:14,600 --> 05:23:18,000
And the air begins to move. 
People emerge from building, 

5983
05:23:18,000 --> 05:23:21,600
stretching Gathering tools and 
returning to interrupted work. 

5984
05:23:22,400 --> 05:23:26,400
Cats wake too rising from their 
resting places arching, their 

5985
05:23:26,400 --> 05:23:30,500
backs and extending their legs. 
One at a time, they groom 

5986
05:23:30,500 --> 05:23:33,400
thoroughly attending to every 
part of their bodies with 

5987
05:23:33,400 --> 05:23:36,600
focused care. 
This grooming marks the 

5988
05:23:36,600 --> 05:23:40,500
transition from rest to 
activity. evening approaches and

5989
05:23:40,500 --> 05:23:44,700
both humans and cats become more
animated people work steadily 

5990
05:23:44,700 --> 05:23:48,800
making progress while conditions
allow Cats. 

5991
05:23:48,800 --> 05:23:50,400
Begin to move through their 
territories. 

5992
05:23:50,400 --> 05:23:55,200
Checking familiar spots watching
for signs of mice or other small

5993
05:23:55,200 --> 05:23:57,800
animals. 
The settlement fills with 

5994
05:23:57,808 --> 05:24:01,200
purposeful activity. 
Each creature, following its own

5995
05:24:01,200 --> 05:24:04,300
routine. 
As Darkness Falls patterns of 

5996
05:24:04,308 --> 05:24:07,300
rest shift again. 
People gather near Fires for 

5997
05:24:07,300 --> 05:24:10,600
evening meals, then gradually 
dispersed to sleeping areas. 

5998
05:24:10,600 --> 05:24:15,000
They lie down on woven mats or 
simple beds of gathered reads, 

5999
05:24:15,000 --> 05:24:18,700
pulling like covering over 
themselves as air cools, their 

6000
05:24:18,700 --> 05:24:23,100
breathing slows conversations 
fade, the settlement choirs. 

6001
05:24:24,000 --> 05:24:27,800
Cats remain active longer, 
navigating Darkness with ease. 

6002
05:24:28,600 --> 05:24:30,400
They move through the settlement
on silent. 

6003
05:24:30,400 --> 05:24:33,400
Pause their eyes reflecting any 
of available light. 

6004
05:24:34,200 --> 05:24:38,000
They hunt when opportunity 
presents itself and rest when it

6005
05:24:38,000 --> 05:24:41,300
does not. 
As the night deepens, they find 

6006
05:24:41,300 --> 05:24:44,300
warm spots to settle near 
hearths. 

6007
05:24:44,300 --> 05:24:47,600
Were cold, still hold Heat. 
In corners of buildings, where 

6008
05:24:47,600 --> 05:24:51,200
warmth collects and next to 
walls, that radiates the days 

6009
05:24:51,200 --> 05:24:55,100
absorbed son. 
Some cats, choose to rest nicely

6010
05:24:55,100 --> 05:24:59,100
sleeping, humans drawn by warmth
and the sense of safety that 

6011
05:24:59,100 --> 05:25:02,400
comes from proximity to larger 
creatures who pose no threat. 

6012
05:25:03,400 --> 05:25:06,600
They settle at a respectful 
distance, maintaining their 

6013
05:25:06,600 --> 05:25:08,800
independence even as they share 
space. 

6014
05:25:10,100 --> 05:25:13,100
People sleep on aware of this 
nearness or aware, but 

6015
05:25:13,100 --> 05:25:16,800
unconcerned accepting the cat's 
presence as part of the night, 

6016
05:25:16,800 --> 05:25:20,100
Stillness. 
The rhythm of rest becomes a 

6017
05:25:20,100 --> 05:25:23,800
shared language. both species, 
understand the necessity of 

6018
05:25:23,800 --> 05:25:27,800
pouring, the value of conserving
energy and the important of 

6019
05:25:27,800 --> 05:25:31,300
responding to environmental cues
that signal went to move and 

6020
05:25:31,300 --> 05:25:34,700
when to be still This 
understanding requires no 

6021
05:25:34,700 --> 05:25:39,400
communication, it exists in the 
body's wisdom in the Instinct 

6022
05:25:39,400 --> 05:25:42,000
arrest. 
When rest is needed and to wait,

6023
05:25:42,000 --> 05:25:46,400
when conditions improve Mornings
begin with gradual stirring, 

6024
05:25:46,400 --> 05:25:50,800
people wake to the first light 
Rising slowly moving quietly. 

6025
05:25:50,800 --> 05:25:53,100
So as not to disturb others who 
still sleep. 

6026
05:25:54,000 --> 05:25:57,600
Cats, wake to stretching, 
elaborately yawning, and 

6027
05:25:57,600 --> 05:25:59,900
beginning to groom, before 
setting out to explore. 

6028
05:26:01,000 --> 05:26:04,100
The settlement transitions from 
Knight Stillness to day's 

6029
05:26:04,100 --> 05:26:06,000
activity through a gentle 
progression. 

6030
05:26:06,000 --> 05:26:08,100
That honors. 
The need for both rest and 

6031
05:26:08,100 --> 05:26:12,300
wakefulness. throughout Seasons 
the specific timing shifts, but 

6032
05:26:12,300 --> 05:26:16,400
the pattern remains Summer days 
bring longer periods of midday 

6033
05:26:16,400 --> 05:26:20,500
rest and shorter cooler periods 
of activity, winter days. 

6034
05:26:20,500 --> 05:26:23,300
Allow more sustained work with 
less need for heat driven 

6035
05:26:23,300 --> 05:26:26,000
pauses. 
Cats and humans are just their 

6036
05:26:26,000 --> 05:26:28,800
rhythms accordingly. 
Both responding to the same 

6037
05:26:28,800 --> 05:26:32,600
environmental pressures and both
finding balance between effort 

6038
05:26:32,600 --> 05:26:35,800
and recuperation. 
Rest becomes a form of 

6039
05:26:35,800 --> 05:26:38,200
coexistence as meaningful as any
other. 

6040
05:26:39,000 --> 05:26:41,900
In the shared need for 
Stillness, in the parallel 

6041
05:26:41,900 --> 05:26:45,900
patterns of sleep, and waking 
humans and cats, find common 

6042
05:26:45,900 --> 05:26:48,200
ground that requires no 
negotiation. 

6043
05:26:49,100 --> 05:26:53,300
They simply rest when rest is 
needed side by side in the same 

6044
05:26:53,300 --> 05:26:57,500
settlement, under the same Sun, 
part of the same Rhythm that 

6045
05:26:57,500 --> 05:26:58,400
governs. 
All life. 

6046
05:26:59,300 --> 05:27:02,000
You observe how nourishment 
shapes the daily patterns of 

6047
05:27:02,000 --> 05:27:05,900
both humans and cats? 
Food is not abundant but it is 

6048
05:27:05,900 --> 05:27:08,800
reliable. 
The settlement stores, hold 

6049
05:27:08,800 --> 05:27:13,100
grain, harvested, from nearby 
Fields, people portions grain 

6050
05:27:13,100 --> 05:27:17,200
carefully, grinding its needed, 
baking it into bread and cooking

6051
05:27:17,200 --> 05:27:20,300
it into simple porridges. 
The work of preparing. 

6052
05:27:20,300 --> 05:27:24,200
Food happens daily, creating 
regular, scraps and spillage. 

6053
05:27:24,800 --> 05:27:27,700
Grain scattered during 
processing attracts mice. 

6054
05:27:27,700 --> 05:27:31,300
They emerge at dawn and dusk 
moving quickly, through Shadows 

6055
05:27:31,300 --> 05:27:35,400
Gathering fall and seeds, and 
retreating to Hidden Burrows 

6056
05:27:35,400 --> 05:27:39,200
between the settlements walls. 
Their presence is constant 

6057
05:27:39,200 --> 05:27:42,600
sustained by the same resources 
that feed the human population. 

6058
05:27:42,600 --> 05:27:47,400
The mice Thrive, wherever grain 
is stored or handled. cats 

6059
05:27:47,400 --> 05:27:50,800
position themselves near these 
areas of activity, they learn 

6060
05:27:50,800 --> 05:27:54,300
the locations where grain is 
most often spilled near 

6061
05:27:54,300 --> 05:27:58,900
grinding, Stones around storage 
jars and in Corners where bus 

6062
05:27:58,900 --> 05:28:03,300
gets rented and filled They wait
with focused patients, body's 

6063
05:28:03,300 --> 05:28:06,200
low eyes fixed on Space where my
likely to appear. 

6064
05:28:07,100 --> 05:28:10,300
Sometimes they wait for hours. 
Sometimes they wait through 

6065
05:28:10,300 --> 05:28:13,700
entire days, they're willingness
to remain still makes their 

6066
05:28:13,700 --> 05:28:17,300
hunting possible when a cat 
catches a mouse, it does so 

6067
05:28:17,300 --> 05:28:19,900
quickly. 
There is a brief moment of 

6068
05:28:19,900 --> 05:28:22,300
sudden movement, then Stillness 
again. 

6069
05:28:23,200 --> 05:28:26,700
The cat carries its catch to a 
quiet spot consumes it 

6070
05:28:26,700 --> 05:28:28,900
efficiently and returns to 
waiting. 

6071
05:28:30,300 --> 05:28:33,800
This pattern repeats throughout 
the day and night, providing the

6072
05:28:33,800 --> 05:28:37,400
cat with regular meals without 
requiring human intervention or 

6073
05:28:37,400 --> 05:28:40,100
provision. 
People prepare food Outdoors, 

6074
05:28:40,100 --> 05:28:43,600
when weather permits working in 
Courtyards where smoke from 

6075
05:28:43,600 --> 05:28:47,500
cooking fires can disperse they 
gut fish caught from the river 

6076
05:28:47,500 --> 05:28:49,800
trimming away Parts. 
They do not eat. 

6077
05:28:50,500 --> 05:28:53,100
They pluck birds, discarding 
feathers and awful. 

6078
05:28:53,100 --> 05:28:56,900
They shall nuts and legumes 
leaving husks and piles. 

6079
05:28:56,900 --> 05:29:01,500
These byproducts accumulate in 
designated areas and a later 

6080
05:29:01,500 --> 05:29:03,300
carried away to be buried or 
burned. 

6081
05:29:04,300 --> 05:29:08,000
Before these scraps are cleared 
cats investigate them, they're 

6082
05:29:08,000 --> 05:29:10,400
drawn by the smell of fishing 
trails and the sight of 

6083
05:29:10,400 --> 05:29:13,900
discarded meat. 
They approached cautiously aware

6084
05:29:13,900 --> 05:29:17,300
that people are nearby ready to 
retreat of necessary. 

6085
05:29:18,200 --> 05:29:22,100
Most often people ignore the 
cats, sometimes a person, waves,

6086
05:29:22,100 --> 05:29:24,700
a hand. 
Sure cat away from fresh scraps.

6087
05:29:24,700 --> 05:29:28,600
They still intend to use the cat
moves back, a short distance and

6088
05:29:28,600 --> 05:29:31,000
waits. 
When the person finishes and 

6089
05:29:31,000 --> 05:29:34,700
walks away the cat returns 
certain foods, interest cats, 

6090
05:29:34,700 --> 05:29:37,900
more than others raw fish, hold 
strong appeal. 

6091
05:29:37,900 --> 05:29:42,100
So do the organs and Bones of 
birds, catch show little 

6092
05:29:42,100 --> 05:29:45,100
interest in Grain or bread. 
Though, they occasionally sniff 

6093
05:29:45,100 --> 05:29:46,700
at these items before turning 
away. 

6094
05:29:47,700 --> 05:29:51,300
Their diet remains primarily 
meat obtained through hunting or

6095
05:29:51,300 --> 05:29:54,400
Scavenging shaped by their own 
preferences and instincts. 

6096
05:29:55,100 --> 05:29:58,200
Opportunity appears in Cycles 
tied to human activity. 

6097
05:29:58,900 --> 05:30:01,600
Morning food, preparation 
creates one set of possibilities

6098
05:30:01,600 --> 05:30:05,400
evening, meals. 
Create another Seasonal harvests

6099
05:30:05,400 --> 05:30:07,900
spring temporary, abundance. 
When grain is threshed, and 

6100
05:30:07,900 --> 05:30:11,600
winnowed sending up clouds of 
chaff and scattering seeds. 

6101
05:30:11,600 --> 05:30:15,800
Widely Cats do not eat this 
grain but they hunt the mice 

6102
05:30:15,800 --> 05:30:19,100
drawn to, it benefiting 
indirectly from the Harvest 

6103
05:30:19,100 --> 05:30:21,800
plenty. 
Water is available in the 

6104
05:30:21,800 --> 05:30:25,200
settlements channels and 
collection vessels cats drink 

6105
05:30:25,200 --> 05:30:26,900
from the sources when they are 
thirsty. 

6106
05:30:26,900 --> 05:30:31,100
Lapping from the edges of clay 
bowls or from shallow portions 

6107
05:30:31,100 --> 05:30:35,300
of the water channels. 
People do not prevent this water

6108
05:30:35,300 --> 05:30:37,400
flows, steadily enough that 
sharing it cost. 

6109
05:30:37,400 --> 05:30:40,100
Nothing. 
Some cats, prove more skilled at

6110
05:30:40,100 --> 05:30:42,900
hunting than others. 
Particularly Adept cat. 

6111
05:30:42,900 --> 05:30:46,400
Might catch several mice in a 
day eating what it needs and 

6112
05:30:46,400 --> 05:30:49,100
leaving the rest. 
Other cats hunt, less 

6113
05:30:49,100 --> 05:30:53,200
successfully going longer 
between meals, appearing, thin 

6114
05:30:53,200 --> 05:30:57,000
and sharp boned. 
The settlement supports a 

6115
05:30:57,000 --> 05:30:59,700
population of cats roughly 
proportional to the available 

6116
05:30:59,700 --> 05:31:03,400
prey with natural fluctuations, 
that balance of availability 

6117
05:31:03,400 --> 05:31:07,100
against need. 
Bird's nest in the settlement 

6118
05:31:07,100 --> 05:31:11,700
structures, tucking nests into 
crevices, and overhangs these 

6119
05:31:11,700 --> 05:31:14,100
nests sometimes, hold eggs, or 
fledglings. 

6120
05:31:14,800 --> 05:31:18,300
Cats, occasionally discover and 
raid these nests climbing to 

6121
05:31:18,300 --> 05:31:20,400
reach them and consuming the 
contents quickly. 

6122
05:31:20,400 --> 05:31:24,400
People do not intervene birds 
are not domesticated or 

6123
05:31:24,400 --> 05:31:27,000
protected. 
Their losses to cats are simply 

6124
05:31:27,000 --> 05:31:30,100
part of the ecosystem cats. 
Do not beg for food. 

6125
05:31:30,100 --> 05:31:34,400
They do not approach people with
expectation or demand, their 

6126
05:31:34,400 --> 05:31:36,900
entire relationship, with 
nourishment remains independent 

6127
05:31:36,900 --> 05:31:41,100
based on their own efforts and 
the incidental Bounty created by

6128
05:31:41,100 --> 05:31:44,800
human activity. 
This Independence, preserves the

6129
05:31:44,800 --> 05:31:47,800
essential nature of the 
relationship cats, choose to 

6130
05:31:47,800 --> 05:31:51,200
stay because staying offers 
Advantage, not because they 

6131
05:31:51,200 --> 05:31:55,800
depend on human generosity. 
Lean times affect both species. 

6132
05:31:56,700 --> 05:31:59,600
When harvest fail or stalls, run
low people. 

6133
05:31:59,600 --> 05:32:03,100
Rational grain more carefully 
reducing spillage and guarding 

6134
05:32:03,100 --> 05:32:06,300
resources more closely Fewer 
scraps appear. 

6135
05:32:07,200 --> 05:32:10,100
Mice populations declined with 
less available food. 

6136
05:32:10,900 --> 05:32:12,500
Cats, find hunting more 
difficult. 

6137
05:32:13,500 --> 05:32:15,600
Some leave the settlement to 
search for opportunities 

6138
05:32:15,600 --> 05:32:19,200
elsewhere. 
Others persist growing, thinner 

6139
05:32:19,200 --> 05:32:22,100
moving more carefully and 
conserving energy. 

6140
05:32:23,000 --> 05:32:27,100
When conditions improve the cat 
population, gradually, recovers 

6141
05:32:27,100 --> 05:32:30,300
the food relationship remains 
transactional, but not 

6142
05:32:30,300 --> 05:32:33,200
contractual. 
Humans, create conditions that 

6143
05:32:33,200 --> 05:32:35,200
produce prey and occasional 
scraps? 

6144
05:32:35,900 --> 05:32:38,400
Cats, reduce Vermin and ask for 
nothing else. 

6145
05:32:39,300 --> 05:32:42,300
Both sides benefit from this 
Arrangement without obligation 

6146
05:32:42,300 --> 05:32:45,300
or expectation. 
Food provides the Practical 

6147
05:32:45,300 --> 05:32:49,400
foundation for coexistence, but 
it does not create dependency or

6148
05:32:49,400 --> 05:32:52,500
sentiment. 
Cats remain free to leave if 

6149
05:32:52,500 --> 05:32:56,200
resources disappear, they stay 
because most of the time, 

6150
05:32:56,200 --> 05:32:59,200
resources continue to appear 
with reliable regularity. 

6151
05:33:00,300 --> 05:33:03,700
You watch as the sun descends 
toward the Horizon, painting the

6152
05:33:03,700 --> 05:33:07,300
settlement, in amber light. 
The heat of the day gradually 

6153
05:33:07,300 --> 05:33:10,700
releases its grip. 
Air begins to move more freely 

6154
05:33:10,700 --> 05:33:14,200
carrying the scent of cooking 
fires and distant fields. 

6155
05:33:15,100 --> 05:33:18,100
People's movements shift from 
the focused intense of our 

6156
05:33:18,100 --> 05:33:21,500
afternoon work to the gentler 
rhythms of evening preparation. 

6157
05:33:22,600 --> 05:33:24,700
Fires in halves and outdoor 
pits. 

6158
05:33:25,700 --> 05:33:29,300
Women and men tend these Flames 
adding would carefully. 

6159
05:33:29,300 --> 05:33:32,700
Adjusting the size of the fire 
to match the need for cooking. 

6160
05:33:33,800 --> 05:33:37,400
Clay pots are positioned over 
Flames filled with grain and 

6161
05:33:37,400 --> 05:33:41,300
water and stirred occasionally 
as the content, soften and warm.

6162
05:33:42,300 --> 05:33:44,700
The smell of cooking spreads 
through the settlement. 

6163
05:33:45,400 --> 05:33:49,500
A familiar marker of the days 
progression. children finish 

6164
05:33:49,500 --> 05:33:53,400
their tasks and begin to gather 
in open areas their energy still

6165
05:33:53,400 --> 05:33:57,000
present, but channeled now, into
games and conversation rather 

6166
05:33:57,000 --> 05:34:01,000
than work, Their voices, carry 
through the settling dusk. 

6167
05:34:01,700 --> 05:34:05,300
Punctuated by laughter and the 
sounds of running feet. 

6168
05:34:06,200 --> 05:34:09,300
They are more relaxed now, 
released from the discipline of 

6169
05:34:09,300 --> 05:34:11,100
contributing, to the households 
labor. 

6170
05:34:11,900 --> 05:34:14,800
Cats emerge from their resting 
places beginning their evening 

6171
05:34:14,800 --> 05:34:17,700
routines, they move along for 
milia Perthes. 

6172
05:34:17,700 --> 05:34:20,600
Checking the spots where they 
have found food before 

6173
05:34:20,600 --> 05:34:24,200
investigating any changes in the
settlements landscape. 

6174
05:34:25,100 --> 05:34:27,300
Their movements are purposeful, 
but unhurried. 

6175
05:34:28,000 --> 05:34:31,900
Evening offers, optimal hunting 
conditions fading light, that 

6176
05:34:31,900 --> 05:34:35,800
still allows Vision cooling, air
that brings mice out to forage 

6177
05:34:35,800 --> 05:34:38,200
and the distraction of human 
activity. 

6178
05:34:38,200 --> 05:34:42,100
That makes prey less cautious. 
People gather near their homes, 

6179
05:34:42,100 --> 05:34:45,700
as meals, finish cooking, they 
sit on stools or on the ground 

6180
05:34:45,700 --> 05:34:49,100
arranging themselves in loose 
circles or facing doorways. 

6181
05:34:50,100 --> 05:34:53,900
Food is served from communal 
pots, ladled into individual 

6182
05:34:53,900 --> 05:34:57,300
bowls and eaten with fingers or 
simple tools. 

6183
05:34:58,100 --> 05:35:02,400
Conversations happen in low 
voices punctuated by comfortable

6184
05:35:02,400 --> 05:35:07,000
silences. 
The days work is discussed plans

6185
05:35:07,000 --> 05:35:10,400
for tomorrow are mentioned, a 
news is shared about neighbors 

6186
05:35:10,400 --> 05:35:12,500
or family members in distant 
settlements. 

6187
05:35:13,500 --> 05:35:16,900
Cats, observe these gatherings 
from the periphery, they rest on

6188
05:35:16,908 --> 05:35:20,200
walls or undercuts watching the 
movement of people without 

6189
05:35:20,200 --> 05:35:23,300
approaching. 
They are not excluded but 

6190
05:35:23,300 --> 05:35:26,700
neither are they invited? 
The position remains that of 

6191
05:35:26,700 --> 05:35:30,400
witness present, but separate 
sharing the space without 

6192
05:35:30,400 --> 05:35:34,200
sharing the activity. 
As people eat small amounts of 

6193
05:35:34,200 --> 05:35:38,400
food, inevitably fall, a child 
drops, a piece of bread and 

6194
05:35:38,400 --> 05:35:40,900
adult tips, a bowl slightly and 
liquid spills. 

6195
05:35:42,000 --> 05:35:45,000
These small losses accumulate in
the dust around the eating area.

6196
05:35:45,900 --> 05:35:49,000
Cats note, these occurrences 
patient in their awareness. 

6197
05:35:49,000 --> 05:35:52,800
That opportunities will come 
when people dispersed The light 

6198
05:35:52,800 --> 05:35:56,100
continues to fade, deepening 
from gold to Rose, to purple 

6199
05:35:56,100 --> 05:35:59,700
Shadows, merge and blend losing 
their sharp edges. 

6200
05:35:59,700 --> 05:36:03,500
The settlement structures become
Silhouettes against the dimming 

6201
05:36:03,500 --> 05:36:08,000
sky. fires grow brighter, in 
contrast, their Flames more 

6202
05:36:08,000 --> 05:36:11,700
visible as ambient, light 
decreases, The visual World, 

6203
05:36:11,700 --> 05:36:16,600
simplifies defined Now by points
of warmth and light against 

6204
05:36:16,600 --> 05:36:19,900
Gathering Darkness. 
People begin to move towards 

6205
05:36:19,900 --> 05:36:22,100
sleep. 
They rise from their gathering 

6206
05:36:22,100 --> 05:36:25,700
places Bank fires to hold coals 
through the night and carry 

6207
05:36:25,700 --> 05:36:27,700
empty vessels back into 
buildings. 

6208
05:36:28,500 --> 05:36:31,700
Children are called inside or 
guided towards sleeping areas. 

6209
05:36:32,500 --> 05:36:34,300
The sounds of the settlement 
change. 

6210
05:36:34,300 --> 05:36:38,300
Fewer voice is more footsteps 
and the rustle of mats being 

6211
05:36:38,300 --> 05:36:40,400
unrolled and blankets being 
arranged. 

6212
05:36:41,400 --> 05:36:43,800
Cats move into the space is 
people of vacated. 

6213
05:36:43,800 --> 05:36:47,500
They investigate dropped food. 
Consuming what appeals to them 

6214
05:36:47,500 --> 05:36:50,700
and ignoring the rest. 
They grew themselves in the 

6215
05:36:50,700 --> 05:36:53,200
residual warmth of the areas 
where people sat. 

6216
05:36:54,000 --> 05:36:56,200
They Mark the evening's 
territory with their presents 

6217
05:36:56,200 --> 05:36:59,400
claiming the night shift of the 
settlement continuous 

6218
05:36:59,400 --> 05:37:02,400
occupation. 
Some people remain outside 

6219
05:37:02,400 --> 05:37:07,400
longer sitting by dying fires, 
reluctant to end the day. they 

6220
05:37:07,400 --> 05:37:10,900
stare into the coals, their 
faces lit by the Warm Glow, 

6221
05:37:10,900 --> 05:37:15,300
their thoughts private and 
unspoken cats sometimes 

6222
05:37:15,300 --> 05:37:19,000
approach, the solitary figures 
settling nearby, but not near 

6223
05:37:19,000 --> 05:37:22,500
enough for contact. 
The two species, share the quiet

6224
05:37:22,500 --> 05:37:26,100
in parallel, each absorbed in 
their own relationship with the 

6225
05:37:26,100 --> 05:37:30,200
approaching Knight. 
Stars appear overhead first, a 

6226
05:37:30,200 --> 05:37:33,100
few bright points, then 
countless more as Darkness 

6227
05:37:33,100 --> 05:37:36,700
deepens. 
The sky transforms into a vast 

6228
05:37:36,700 --> 05:37:40,500
field of light familiar to all 
who live without walls blocking 

6229
05:37:40,500 --> 05:37:43,000
their View. 
People glanced upward 

6230
05:37:43,000 --> 05:37:45,600
occasionally noting the 
positions of known 

6231
05:37:45,600 --> 05:37:49,400
constellations using them to 
Mark the season and passage of 

6232
05:37:49,400 --> 05:37:51,900
time. 
Cats navigate by different 

6233
05:37:51,900 --> 05:37:54,200
markers. 
They know the settlement by 

6234
05:37:54,200 --> 05:37:57,800
scent and touch and Sound by the
memory of Pathways. 

6235
05:37:57,800 --> 05:38:01,100
And the location of shelter, 
they move confidently through 

6236
05:38:01,100 --> 05:38:04,100
darkness, that would slow or 
stop human movement. 

6237
05:38:04,100 --> 05:38:08,500
The eyes Gathering of available 
light, their whiskers sensing 

6238
05:38:08,500 --> 05:38:12,900
obstacles and their paws finding
purchase on familiar surfaces 

6239
05:38:13,900 --> 05:38:15,700
The settlement do not sleep all 
at once. 

6240
05:38:15,700 --> 05:38:19,300
It transitions, gradually with 
different households and 

6241
05:38:19,308 --> 05:38:21,800
individuals moving toward rest 
of their own pace. 

6242
05:38:22,800 --> 05:38:26,500
This staggered settling creates 
a long period of quiet. 

6243
05:38:26,500 --> 05:38:30,700
Transition hours when some sleep
while others remain wakeful, 

6244
05:38:30,700 --> 05:38:34,300
when the boundary between day 
and night stretches and blurs, 

6245
05:38:35,000 --> 05:38:39,300
Fires burn lower, the last 
voices fade, doorways, darken. 

6246
05:38:39,300 --> 05:38:42,500
As people move deeper into their
dwellings, the settlement 

6247
05:38:42,500 --> 05:38:47,000
achieves, a state of Deep Quiet 
broken only by occasional 

6248
05:38:47,000 --> 05:38:49,600
sounds. 
The crack of a settling log. 

6249
05:38:49,600 --> 05:38:53,900
In a banked fire, the call of a 
distant animal and the soft 

6250
05:38:53,900 --> 05:38:58,900
footfalls of a cat on patrol. 
Evening becomes night the day 

6251
05:38:58,900 --> 05:39:02,200
releases, its hold the 
settlement rests in the cool 

6252
05:39:02,200 --> 05:39:05,200
Darkness. 
Its inhabitants human and 

6253
05:39:05,200 --> 05:39:09,500
Feline, finding their own forms 
of rest, their own corners of 

6254
05:39:09,500 --> 05:39:13,400
Peace, the bond between them 
remains unspoken, but it 

6255
05:39:13,400 --> 05:39:18,100
continues woven into the fabric 
of daily life, as reliable as 

6256
05:39:18,100 --> 05:39:22,000
the sun setting and Rising as 
constant as the Turning of 

6257
05:39:22,000 --> 05:39:25,600
seasons. 
You find yourself in the deepest

6258
05:39:25,600 --> 05:39:29,500
part of night, when darkness is 
complete and the settlement, 

6259
05:39:29,500 --> 05:39:32,900
rests and Stillness. 
The moon may be present or 

6260
05:39:32,900 --> 05:39:37,100
absent Waxing or Waning. 
It's like transforming the 

6261
05:39:37,100 --> 05:39:39,100
landscape or leaving it to Pure 
Shadow. 

6262
05:39:39,100 --> 05:39:41,700
Either way. 
The night has its own quality 

6263
05:39:41,700 --> 05:39:44,900
distinct from day governed by 
different rules and rhythms 

6264
05:39:45,700 --> 05:39:49,000
people sleep inside their 
dwellings lying on mats or 

6265
05:39:49,000 --> 05:39:53,400
simple beds, bodies, relaxed in 
unconsciousness, their breathing

6266
05:39:53,400 --> 05:39:58,000
is deep and regular Some snore 
softly others shift position 

6267
05:39:58,000 --> 05:40:01,700
occasionally turning to find 
comfort that these movements are

6268
05:40:01,700 --> 05:40:05,100
minimal and unconscious. 
Sleep claims them thoroughly 

6269
05:40:05,100 --> 05:40:09,800
providing necessary restoration 
after the day's, exertions cats 

6270
05:40:09,800 --> 05:40:13,300
remain more wakeful their 
biology suits them to nocturnal 

6271
05:40:13,300 --> 05:40:16,100
activity though. 
They have adapted to also move 

6272
05:40:16,100 --> 05:40:18,500
during daylight hours in 
response to the settlements 

6273
05:40:18,500 --> 05:40:21,700
rhythms. 
At night, they return to more 

6274
05:40:21,700 --> 05:40:26,800
ancient patterns becoming alert 
and active using census honed 

6275
05:40:26,800 --> 05:40:28,800
for Darkness to navigate and 
hunt. 

6276
05:40:29,800 --> 05:40:33,200
The settlement at night is not 
silent but the sounds are 

6277
05:40:33,200 --> 05:40:38,600
different, no voices, no tools 
striking Stone no footsteps on 

6278
05:40:38,600 --> 05:40:43,700
swept parvez instead there are 
subtler sounds, The Whisper Of 

6279
05:40:43,708 --> 05:40:47,800
Wind Through Red Roofs. 
The rustle of small animals in 

6280
05:40:47,800 --> 05:40:52,000
Grain Stores, the distant call 
of a knight bird and the 

6281
05:40:52,000 --> 05:40:55,100
settling of mud brick walls as 
they released the days Heat. 

6282
05:40:56,000 --> 05:40:59,900
Cats move through the soundscape
with awareness and caution their

6283
05:40:59,900 --> 05:41:01,700
paws. 
Make no noise on packed Earth. 

6284
05:41:02,300 --> 05:41:04,800
their bodies slipped through 
Shadows without disturbing them,

6285
05:41:04,800 --> 05:41:08,800
they paused frequently to 
listen, head tilted ears, 

6286
05:41:08,800 --> 05:41:12,800
rotating to capture sound from 
different directions, they 

6287
05:41:12,800 --> 05:41:16,900
process information, constantly,
wind direction, temperature 

6288
05:41:16,900 --> 05:41:20,500
changes, the presence of other 
animals, and the state of the 

6289
05:41:20,500 --> 05:41:23,500
night around them. 
Some cats hunt during these 

6290
05:41:23,500 --> 05:41:27,700
hours, the position themselves 
near Grain Stores near animal 

6291
05:41:27,700 --> 05:41:31,500
pens near anywhere. 
Mice might venture They wait 

6292
05:41:31,500 --> 05:41:35,000
with the same patients, they 
showed during daylight, but now,

6293
05:41:35,000 --> 05:41:37,700
enhance by the cover of 
Darkness, that makes them nearly

6294
05:41:37,700 --> 05:41:42,100
invisible to pray. 
When they move it is with sudden

6295
05:41:42,100 --> 05:41:45,700
explosive speed and then an 
immediate return to Stillness? 

6296
05:41:47,000 --> 05:41:50,000
Other cats simply Patroll their 
territories walking the 

6297
05:41:50,000 --> 05:41:53,200
boundaries marking their 
presence through scent and 

6298
05:41:53,200 --> 05:41:56,100
checking for milia spots for 
changes or intrusions. 

6299
05:41:57,200 --> 05:41:59,900
This patrolling serves no 
obvious purpose, Beyond 

6300
05:41:59,900 --> 05:42:04,000
maintenance of familiarity. 
But it seems to satisfy some 

6301
05:42:04,000 --> 05:42:06,000
internal need for order and 
control. 

6302
05:42:07,000 --> 05:42:11,400
Fire still burn in some hearts 
reduced, a beds of glowing coals

6303
05:42:11,400 --> 05:42:13,400
that pulse gently with residual 
Heat. 

6304
05:42:14,300 --> 05:42:18,300
These coals provide the only 
light in many buildings, a soft 

6305
05:42:18,300 --> 05:42:20,800
red glow. 
That barely illuminates, the 

6306
05:42:20,800 --> 05:42:24,200
immediate space. 
Cats are drawn to this warmth. 

6307
05:42:24,700 --> 05:42:27,300
Settling near halves when 
they're activity permits 

6308
05:42:27,300 --> 05:42:31,900
absorbing heat into their bodies
and resting in brief Cycles. 

6309
05:42:31,900 --> 05:42:35,300
Before resuming movement. 
The settlements buildings. 

6310
05:42:35,300 --> 05:42:37,700
Create complex, shadows and 
sheltered spaces. 

6311
05:42:38,500 --> 05:42:40,400
Cats know, all of these 
intimately. 

6312
05:42:40,400 --> 05:42:44,100
They know which wall has a gap 
that allows passage from one 

6313
05:42:44,100 --> 05:42:47,200
Courtyard to another. 
They know which roof beam 

6314
05:42:47,200 --> 05:42:50,200
provides a root above ground 
level, they know which corner 

6315
05:42:50,200 --> 05:42:53,300
holds warmth longest and which 
drains heat most quickly. 

6316
05:42:54,200 --> 05:42:55,900
Safety at Night comes from 
awareness. 

6317
05:42:55,900 --> 05:42:59,600
Rather than barriers, the 
settlement has no walls tall 

6318
05:42:59,600 --> 05:43:02,900
enough to prevent animals from 
entering and no guards posted to

6319
05:43:02,900 --> 05:43:06,500
watch for threats. 
Instead, safety comes from the 

6320
05:43:06,508 --> 05:43:10,300
collective presence of humans 
and animals together. from the 

6321
05:43:10,300 --> 05:43:13,300
fact that the settlement is 
occupied and active enough to 

6322
05:43:13,300 --> 05:43:18,100
discourage larger Predators from
approaching cats, contribute to 

6323
05:43:18,100 --> 05:43:21,400
this sense of occupied presents 
their movement through the 

6324
05:43:21,400 --> 05:43:25,000
night, their watchfulness and 
their responses to unusual 

6325
05:43:25,000 --> 05:43:30,200
sounds, or smells all create, an
atmosphere of vigilantes They're

6326
05:43:30,200 --> 05:43:32,800
not protecting the settlement 
deliberately, but their behavior

6327
05:43:32,800 --> 05:43:35,700
has that effect adding to the 
web of awareness. 

6328
05:43:35,700 --> 05:43:37,500
That makes the space feel 
defended. 

6329
05:43:38,300 --> 05:43:41,500
Sometimes a cat encounters. 
Another cat during nighttime 

6330
05:43:41,500 --> 05:43:43,600
wandering. 
They may approach each other 

6331
05:43:43,600 --> 05:43:47,500
with caution touching noses. 
Briefly or they may avoid 

6332
05:43:47,500 --> 05:43:50,400
contact entirely each giving the
other space. 

6333
05:43:50,400 --> 05:43:53,200
Their interactions are quiet and
brief. 

6334
05:43:54,000 --> 05:43:57,300
There is no aggression, just 
acknowledgment and continuation 

6335
05:43:57,300 --> 05:44:01,400
of separate paths. 
Dog sometimes stir in the night,

6336
05:44:01,400 --> 05:44:05,000
lifting their heads to 
investigate sounds or movements,

6337
05:44:05,000 --> 05:44:10,000
they notice cats passing nearby.
Sometimes they watch with mild 

6338
05:44:10,000 --> 05:44:12,800
interest. 
Sometimes they ignore the cats 

6339
05:44:12,800 --> 05:44:16,300
completely. 
The two species of reached an 

6340
05:44:16,300 --> 05:44:19,500
understanding dog's guard, the 
settlement more actively 

6341
05:44:19,500 --> 05:44:23,800
responding to larger threats 
while cats focus on smaller 

6342
05:44:23,800 --> 05:44:26,600
concerns. 
Their roles complement each 

6343
05:44:26,600 --> 05:44:30,200
other without overlapping? 
As night, progresses toward 

6344
05:44:30,200 --> 05:44:34,900
Dawn, the quality of Darkness 
begins to change the black Sky. 

6345
05:44:34,900 --> 05:44:37,800
Softens almost imperceptibly 
toward Deep Blue. 

6346
05:44:38,700 --> 05:44:41,600
Stars remain visible, but lose 
some of their intensity. 

6347
05:44:42,400 --> 05:44:45,800
The aggro slightly cooler in the
hour before Sunrise, the 

6348
05:44:45,800 --> 05:44:47,700
temperature dropping to its 
lowest point. 

6349
05:44:48,700 --> 05:44:51,600
Both humans and cats respond to 
this Cooling. 

6350
05:44:52,300 --> 05:44:54,500
People pull coverings closer in 
their sleep. 

6351
05:44:55,400 --> 05:44:57,300
Cats seek the warmest spots 
available. 

6352
05:44:58,200 --> 05:45:02,300
Curling tighter to conserve 
Heat. the transition from night 

6353
05:45:02,300 --> 05:45:06,600
to day, happens gradually, but 
inevitably Cats sense it before 

6354
05:45:06,600 --> 05:45:09,508
people wake their internal 
rhythms attuned to the 

6355
05:45:09,516 --> 05:45:13,200
approaching change. 
Some settle into final resting 

6356
05:45:13,200 --> 05:45:15,700
spots preparing to sleep through
the morning. 

6357
05:45:16,600 --> 05:45:20,200
Others remain alert ready to 
continue their activity into 

6358
05:45:20,200 --> 05:45:23,100
daylight hours depending on 
opportunity and inclination. 

6359
05:45:24,200 --> 05:45:26,700
Night provides a different 
dimension to the relationship 

6360
05:45:26,700 --> 05:45:31,400
between humans and cats. 
While people sleep cats remain 

6361
05:45:31,400 --> 05:45:35,200
aware moving through the shared 
space with familiarity and 

6362
05:45:35,200 --> 05:45:39,200
purpose, they do not guard the 
humans to deliberately, but 

6363
05:45:39,200 --> 05:45:42,300
their presence adds to the sense
that the settlement is not 

6364
05:45:42,300 --> 05:45:46,000
abandoned, not empty and not 
vulnerable. 

6365
05:45:47,000 --> 05:45:50,500
Life continues through all 
hours, maintained by different 

6366
05:45:50,500 --> 05:45:54,000
actors at different times. 
Creating continuity that 

6367
05:45:54,000 --> 05:45:56,100
requires no coordination or 
agreement. 

6368
05:45:57,000 --> 05:45:59,600
The settlement breathe through 
day and night. 

6369
05:45:59,600 --> 05:46:04,500
Its pulse steady. 
Its Rhythm unchanged, its 

6370
05:46:04,500 --> 05:46:07,800
coexistence As Natural in 
darkness as in light. 

6371
05:46:09,000 --> 05:46:12,100
You witness how patterns 
established over days extended 

6372
05:46:12,100 --> 05:46:16,400
into weeks months years and 
eventually Generations. 

6373
05:46:17,200 --> 05:46:20,500
The relationship between humans 
and cats does not deepen through

6374
05:46:20,508 --> 05:46:22,800
dramatic moments or significant 
events. 

6375
05:46:22,800 --> 05:46:27,500
It simply continues reinforced 
by repetition shaped by 

6376
05:46:27,500 --> 05:46:31,200
practical benefit, and sustained
by the absence of conflict. 

6377
05:46:32,200 --> 05:46:34,900
Children grow up seeing cats as 
part of the settlements 

6378
05:46:34,900 --> 05:46:37,400
landscape. 
They do not remember a time 

6379
05:46:37,400 --> 05:46:42,200
before cats were present to them
cats, simply exist as chickens 

6380
05:46:42,200 --> 05:46:47,300
exist, as the river exists as 
the sun exists, they learned 

6381
05:46:47,300 --> 05:46:50,200
through observation which cats 
tolerate approach and which 

6382
05:46:50,200 --> 05:46:53,600
prefer distance this knowledge 
becomes part of their 

6383
05:46:53,600 --> 05:46:58,000
understanding of the world 
unremarkable and assumed, These 

6384
05:46:58,000 --> 05:47:00,100
children become adults, who 
maintained the same 

6385
05:47:00,100 --> 05:47:02,100
relationship. 
Their parents had with cats. 

6386
05:47:02,900 --> 05:47:04,700
They do not formalize it or 
change it. 

6387
05:47:04,700 --> 05:47:07,500
They allow cats to move through 
storage areas. 

6388
05:47:07,500 --> 05:47:11,600
They tolerate their presence and
Courtyards and on walls they 

6389
05:47:11,600 --> 05:47:14,600
benefit from reduced Vermin 
without acknowledging debt or 

6390
05:47:14,600 --> 05:47:17,400
gratitude. 
Pattern perpetuates through 

6391
05:47:17,400 --> 05:47:21,200
cultural transmission that 
requires, no instruction because

6392
05:47:21,200 --> 05:47:25,800
it involves no active teaching 
only passive modeling cats 

6393
05:47:25,800 --> 05:47:27,800
produce new generations within 
the settlement. 

6394
05:47:28,800 --> 05:47:32,100
Female cat finds a sheltered 
spot away from heavy traffic. 

6395
05:47:32,900 --> 05:47:37,700
Behind stacked grain jars under 
a rarely used cart or in a 

6396
05:47:37,700 --> 05:47:41,300
corner of an abandoned building.
She gives birth to several 

6397
05:47:41,300 --> 05:47:44,600
kittens, nursing them through 
their first weeks. 

6398
05:47:44,600 --> 05:47:47,800
Teaching them to hunt and 
navigate once they can walk 

6399
05:47:47,800 --> 05:47:50,900
steadily. 
These kittens grow up knowing 

6400
05:47:50,900 --> 05:47:52,700
the settlement as their home 
territory. 

6401
05:47:53,500 --> 05:47:56,100
Some of these young cats remain 
in the settlement throughout 

6402
05:47:56,100 --> 05:47:59,800
their lives, others wander away,
seeking new territories, 

6403
05:47:59,800 --> 05:48:02,900
following instincts, toward 
dispersal and exploration. 

6404
05:48:02,900 --> 05:48:07,000
The settlements cat population 
remains relatively stable. 

6405
05:48:07,000 --> 05:48:11,300
Despite this turnover regularly 
by available resources, and the 

6406
05:48:11,300 --> 05:48:15,000
caring capacity of the 
environment. people notice when 

6407
05:48:15,000 --> 05:48:18,600
a familiar cat disappears and a 
new cat appears but they make no

6408
05:48:18,600 --> 05:48:23,000
attempt to track or control this
turnover The specific identity 

6409
05:48:23,000 --> 05:48:26,600
of individual cats matters. 
Little What matters is the 

6410
05:48:26,600 --> 05:48:30,600
presence of cats generally? 
Continuation of their role in 

6411
05:48:30,600 --> 05:48:33,800
controlling Vermin and the 
maintenance of the established 

6412
05:48:33,800 --> 05:48:35,900
pattern. 
Seasonal Cycles. 

6413
05:48:35,900 --> 05:48:39,600
Repeat each bringing the same 
challenges and opportunities 

6414
05:48:39,600 --> 05:48:42,700
Harvest times. 
Bring abundant mice, and easier 

6415
05:48:42,700 --> 05:48:45,900
hunting. 
Lean, winter months, reduce prey

6416
05:48:45,900 --> 05:48:48,100
populations and makes survival 
more difficult. 

6417
05:48:49,000 --> 05:48:52,600
Cats endure, these fluctuations 
through the same adaptations 

6418
05:48:52,600 --> 05:48:55,800
that allow Wildcats to persist 
in variable environments. 

6419
05:48:56,700 --> 05:49:00,800
Efficient hunting opportunistic,
feeding and the ability to 

6420
05:49:00,800 --> 05:49:03,300
reduce activity when resources 
are scarce. 

6421
05:49:05,000 --> 05:49:08,800
The settlement itself changes 
slowly building is a repair and 

6422
05:49:08,800 --> 05:49:12,100
eventually replaced new 
structures are added as the 

6423
05:49:12,100 --> 05:49:17,300
population grows or need shift. 
Storage methods improve tools 

6424
05:49:17,300 --> 05:49:20,700
become more refined. 
Through all these changes, the 

6425
05:49:20,700 --> 05:49:24,300
relationship with cats from 
remains constant new buildings, 

6426
05:49:24,300 --> 05:49:26,100
provide, new purchases and 
shelters. 

6427
05:49:26,100 --> 05:49:30,000
Improved storage, still requires
protection from vermin. 

6428
05:49:30,700 --> 05:49:32,600
Better tools. 
Still create scraps and 

6429
05:49:32,600 --> 05:49:35,500
spillage. 
The fundamental Dynamic 

6430
05:49:35,500 --> 05:49:38,100
persists, despite surface 
changes. 

6431
05:49:39,100 --> 05:49:43,100
Generations of humans, pass old 
people die, and are buried, 

6432
05:49:43,100 --> 05:49:46,100
children are born and grow into 
adults who have children of 

6433
05:49:46,100 --> 05:49:49,400
their own, the collective memory
of the settlement shifts and 

6434
05:49:49,408 --> 05:49:51,900
evolves that certain patterns 
remain. 

6435
05:49:51,900 --> 05:49:54,000
So consistent, they become 
invisible. 

6436
05:49:54,000 --> 05:49:57,900
Part of the assumed background 
of life rather than notable 

6437
05:49:57,900 --> 05:50:02,200
features requiring attention. 
Cats live shorter lives than 

6438
05:50:02,200 --> 05:50:04,700
humans. 
Their Generations turning over 

6439
05:50:04,700 --> 05:50:08,200
more quickly. 
Human child might see dozens of 

6440
05:50:08,200 --> 05:50:11,100
individual cats come and go 
during their own lifespan. 

6441
05:50:11,100 --> 05:50:15,400
Yet despite this rapid turnover 
cat behavior, remains, 

6442
05:50:15,400 --> 05:50:20,200
remarkably consistent, Each new 
cat learns, the same lessons 

6443
05:50:20,200 --> 05:50:23,900
finds the same opportunities, 
and settles into the same 

6444
05:50:23,900 --> 05:50:25,700
patterns as those who came 
before. 

6445
05:50:26,800 --> 05:50:29,700
The relationship reproduces 
itself, naturally without 

6446
05:50:29,700 --> 05:50:31,400
requiring teaching or 
enforcement. 

6447
05:50:32,400 --> 05:50:35,200
Other settlements develop 
similar relationships with cats.

6448
05:50:36,000 --> 05:50:38,500
People traveling between 
communities, observe cats, 

6449
05:50:38,500 --> 05:50:42,000
living in the same way. 
Elsewhere, tolerated, useful 

6450
05:50:42,000 --> 05:50:45,400
independent present but not 
possessed. 

6451
05:50:46,200 --> 05:50:48,900
This parallel Development Across
different human groups. 

6452
05:50:48,900 --> 05:50:52,200
Suggest the arrangements serves 
fundamental needs for both 

6453
05:50:52,200 --> 05:50:54,900
species. 
Needs that arise naturally 

6454
05:50:54,900 --> 05:50:58,600
wherever humans store grain and 
build permanent structures. 

6455
05:50:59,900 --> 05:51:03,000
The absence of formalization 
protects the relationship from 

6456
05:51:03,000 --> 05:51:05,500
the problems that plague more 
structured Arrangements. 

6457
05:51:05,500 --> 05:51:10,000
There are no rules to break. 
No expectations to disappoint 

6458
05:51:10,000 --> 05:51:15,100
and no obligations to resent. 
Cats and humans simply coexist 

6459
05:51:15,100 --> 05:51:19,000
in ways that benefit both. 
This flexibility allows the 

6460
05:51:19,000 --> 05:51:22,500
relationship to adapt to 
changing circumstances without 

6461
05:51:22,500 --> 05:51:27,100
requiring renegotiation or 
conscious adjustment. stories, 

6462
05:51:27,100 --> 05:51:30,500
begin to accumulate not Grand 
narratives, but small 

6463
05:51:30,500 --> 05:51:34,600
observations pass between people
Someone mentioned a cat that was

6464
05:51:34,600 --> 05:51:38,200
particularly skilled at hunting.
Another recalls a cat that 

6465
05:51:38,200 --> 05:51:40,900
preferred a specific Sunny Spot 
for years. 

6466
05:51:42,000 --> 05:51:44,600
These stories of brief and 
factual told without 

6467
05:51:44,600 --> 05:51:47,700
embellishment and forgotten as 
quickly as they are shared. 

6468
05:51:48,500 --> 05:51:51,200
They do not accumulate into 
mythology or meaning. 

6469
05:51:51,200 --> 05:51:55,200
They simply reflect the reality 
of shared space and accumulated 

6470
05:51:55,200 --> 05:51:58,000
observation. 
The settlement continues through

6471
05:51:58,000 --> 05:52:01,000
generations. 
It's basic character maintained 

6472
05:52:01,000 --> 05:52:05,300
even a specific details shift. 
Cats continued to move through, 

6473
05:52:05,300 --> 05:52:09,800
its space's hunting, its Vermin,
resting in its shade and 

6474
05:52:09,800 --> 05:52:14,300
drinking from its water sources.
People continue to build and 

6475
05:52:14,300 --> 05:52:19,100
repair plant and harvest raise 
children and age into elders. 

6476
05:52:20,000 --> 05:52:23,100
The two species remain 
intertwined, not through bonds 

6477
05:52:23,100 --> 05:52:26,500
of affection or formal 
agreement, but through the 

6478
05:52:26,500 --> 05:52:30,400
simple durable, logic of mutual 
benefit and peaceful 

6479
05:52:30,400 --> 05:52:33,000
coexistence. 
You see now how this 

6480
05:52:33,000 --> 05:52:36,300
relationship emerged and 
persisted, not through moments 

6481
05:52:36,300 --> 05:52:40,300
of decision or acts of will. 
But through the accumulation of 

6482
05:52:40,300 --> 05:52:44,800
small choices and repeated 
patterns Cats chose to stay in a

6483
05:52:44,800 --> 05:52:46,900
human's because staying offered 
an advantage. 

6484
05:52:47,700 --> 05:52:50,700
Humans allowed cats to stay 
because their presence reduced 

6485
05:52:50,700 --> 05:52:53,500
problems. 
Neither species set out to 

6486
05:52:53,500 --> 05:52:56,300
create a partnership yet. 
A partnership formed 

6487
05:52:56,300 --> 05:53:00,300
nonetheless, one that would 
continue for thousands of years 

6488
05:53:00,300 --> 05:53:03,800
changing in certain ways, but 
remaining fundamentally 

6489
05:53:03,800 --> 05:53:07,300
unchanged in others as evening 
settles over the settlement. 

6490
05:53:07,300 --> 05:53:11,900
Once more fires glow in halves 
and cats settle in to familiar 

6491
05:53:11,900 --> 05:53:15,600
resting places. 
The day ends as countless days 

6492
05:53:15,600 --> 05:53:19,900
of ended before and as countless
days will end in the future, the

6493
05:53:19,900 --> 05:53:22,600
pattern, holds the relationship 
in dues. 

6494
05:53:22,600 --> 05:53:26,900
The quiet companionship 
continues asking nothing more 

6495
05:53:26,900 --> 05:53:30,800
than what it is. 
Always asked proximity tolerance

6496
05:53:30,800 --> 05:53:34,400
and the shared recognition that 
some of the best Arrangements in

6497
05:53:34,400 --> 05:53:36,500
life. 
Are those that require the least

6498
05:53:36,500 --> 05:53:40,800
effort to maintain You rest now 
in this knowledge in the comfort

6499
05:53:40,800 --> 05:53:44,200
of understanding, how connection
can exist without complication 

6500
05:53:44,200 --> 05:53:48,500
how shared space can create 
shared benefit and how the 

6501
05:53:48,500 --> 05:53:51,100
simplest relationships often 
proved the most enduring. 

6502
05:53:52,000 --> 05:53:56,200
The story ends here but the 
pattern it describes continues 

6503
05:53:56,200 --> 05:54:00,300
as reliable as Sunrise as 
constant as the Turning of 

6504
05:54:00,300 --> 05:54:03,400
seasons and as peaceful as sleep
itself.