Could humans run on water?

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Hello, and welcome to the Physics World stories

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podcast.

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I'm Andrew Gl, and in this episode, we're

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gonna be asking the question could athletes mimic

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basil lizards

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and turn water running

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into an Olympic sport.

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It's also the title of a feature on

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the Physics world website physics world dot com

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written by Nicole Sharp.

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The slightly surprising answer will be that yes,

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shall carry Richardson,

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the 100 meter world champion

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could, theoretically

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do it,

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but would need the help of a space

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agency. That's to come.

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His

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Nico Shaw.

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I am an aerospace engineer and a science

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communicator.

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My training is in fluid dynamics.

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So I studied the physics of fluids. I

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got a Phd in that,

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about,

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10 years ago,

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And I have long been

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fascinated

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with all the different ways that fluid show

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up on our lives? Do you have a

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blow? I do. Which we can't say... We

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can't say the name of it. The name

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of it is Fy d. The former name

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of it, you can't say. Okay. Because it's

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swearing.

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Originally. Yeah. First 1, we can't say, then

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it's yeah, fluid dynamic. That... That's right. That's

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that was the original name. Yes. Nowadays, it's

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just Fy. So what is it that makes

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you squarely really excited about fluid dynamics?

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You know,

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it's it's funny. I went dear into an

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engineering degree as an undergraduate. I I decided

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probably in about

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middle school. So I was maybe

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12 or 13 years old when I decided

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that I wanted to study Aerospace engineering.

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Kind of a weird choice because I didn't

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know any engineers, I

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did not have any true idea what Aerospace

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engineers did, but I was like, this is

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what I'm gonna do.

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So I go into engineering,

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I'm taking all the classes, did

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I'm actually simultaneously

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taking

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classes for a German degree. I was I

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was a double major for most of my

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undergraduate years.

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And I'm just kinda putting up with the

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engineering classes. Like, I can do them,

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but they're not really all that engaging to

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me, and I spend a lot more time

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being interested. And in

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my other classes,

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until we come to a unit on fluid

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dynamics,

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and I remember the professor talking about how

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air moved over an airplane wing

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and just being

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completely fascinated.

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And he came to the end of 1

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of the lectures he said, okay. That's as

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much as we're gonna talk about this. You

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have to wait to take another course from

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this other. Professor, it'll be in a year

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from now. And I just wanted to stand

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up and shout. Don't stop now. This is

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the first interesting thing. Any of you said,

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So that was kind of my...

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That was the moment that I think I

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realized so that I love fluid dynamics.

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Arguably,

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I... I had been fascinated with what fluids

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were doing before that because I can, you

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know, think back to to various things that

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I did in my childhood.

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But I didn't realize that, you know, this

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was a subject I could study until that

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class.

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And I unfortunately, did have to wait the

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further year before I got to take the

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class that was fully dedicated to fluid dynamics.

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But,

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that pretty much solidified my love for the

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subject.

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And I decided I wanted to do graduate

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school at it.

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And

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I

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went deep down a hole

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and spent a lot of time crawling in

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and out of wind tunnels.

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Just wanted to do anything and everything having

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to do with understanding,

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particularly in my work how how error moved

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around things.

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But then as a a graduate student as

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a Phd student. I had kind of some

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downtime.

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In

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in my experiments when the facility that I

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needed got very badly broken.

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It's we're gonna have to wait for a

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while for it to be available again. And

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I think it was during that that I

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started the blog, and I I just kinda

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felt that,

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here's this awesome subject that I'm constantly learning

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new and interesting things about? And why doesn't

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everybody else know about it and get excited

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about it too? Think there's about...

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3600

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articles now.

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Wow. I've been doing it for 14 years

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Yeah. For most of that time, 5 days

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a week. So that adds up to a

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lot. It's it's over half a billion words.

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There's presumably been quite a few areas of

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fluid dynamics that have fascinated you have these

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years. Can you pick out 1 that wasn't

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this 1 that we're about to talk about?

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Scientifically speaking,

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fluids actually includes air? It includes

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any gas,

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liquids,

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as well as things like plasma.

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And in some cases,

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granular materials kinda get get lumped with fluids.

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So things like sand and snow and the

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way that they move. So 1 thing that

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I love

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thinking about. And this this in some ways

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touches on stuff that I studied in in

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my Phd are the concept of insta instability

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So a lot of times in fluid dynamics,

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you'll have a situation

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where

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a relatively small disturbance.

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Sometimes, we'll call them per renovations, are actually

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able to gain energy and grow and kind

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of lead from a nice orderly flow into

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a very chaotic 1.

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And 1 of the ones that

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is

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It's it's probably my favorite instability is called

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the Kelvin helm halt and stability.

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And it's essentially what's responsible for ocean waves.

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So

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when air moves over a flat water surface,

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that adds the energy where if you have

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any small disturbance, any ripple on the water

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that makes it bigger and bigger and bigger.

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And so you ultimately get ocean waves that

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are, you know, curling over crest and and

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breaking, you know, like, the big ones that

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surfers like to ride,

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So there's this absolutely

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stunning thing that's happening all the time

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between the air and the water.

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But that's not the only place that the

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Kelvin helm holds stability shows up. It it'll

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show up in different layers of the atmosphere.

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And sometimes you get these amazing clouds that

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look like... Oh, they look exactly like Ocean

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waves breaking.

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And it's because you happen to have 2

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layers of air that are moving pass 1

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another at different speeds,

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and it triggers that same.

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And the thing that just utterly fa me

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about this

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particular 1

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is

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aside from the fact that it's beautiful

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that you can actually see this happen,

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so many different places. You see it between

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the air and water, you see it between

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different layers of air

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to get the clouds

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you also see it between different

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bands of gases on Jupiter where you get

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all the beautiful swirl coming together.

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And I think the largest place that I've

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seen it is actually in a galactic cluster.

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Where we're talking, it's all of a sudden,

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like, thousands of light years across,

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you could get the same instability that I

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can see out my window right now. Amazing.

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That's amazing.

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I don't want to swear about. Fluid dynamics?

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Exactly. See.

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I've got you. I understand it now. Okay.

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So why is it?

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That made you wonder whether

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humans could mimic

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lizards and run across water.

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You know, I think the the idea originally

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arose

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because of watching superhero movies.

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And Tv shows.

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So

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I remember

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when the incredibles came out

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that there's a a part where the little

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boy who can run really fast. Dash is

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able to... He surprises himself when he's running

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away from the villains and he suddenly runs

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across.

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Cross water, and it's like, oh, cool. I

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could do this.

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And there was

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much later

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I was watching

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the C w

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show the flash, and I think the first

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season of that. There's an episode.

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Where,

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Barry Allen has to run across the bay

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with somebody or, like, to get to somebody

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and

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take care of things before there's a giant

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explosion.

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And his team estimate that he's gonna have

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to run 650

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miles an hour.

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In order to run on water. And I

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remember hearing that in in the episode. And,

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you know, normally, as a physicist, I have

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to be relatively good at you know, suspension

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of disbelief when I'm watching a lot of

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the kinds of shows that I like to

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watch, but I I remember reading that and

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being like,

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that can't be right. You there's there's no

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way.

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Why would he need to go that fast.

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And so,

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I think that was part of what motivated

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me to figure out, like, actually how fast

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does a human have to go to be

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able to run on water.

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Okay. I mean, I the obvious question though

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is how fast do you have to go

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to run on water. Honestly only about as

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fast as,

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highway speed in a car. Oh okay. So,

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I mean, clearly much faster than any of

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us who aren't superheroes

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are capable of running,

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at least

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assuming that you're doing it here on Earth

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and that you're not, you know, adding anything

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to your feet to make them bigger

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or something like that.

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You would only have to go about highway

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speed. To be able to do it. But

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it turns out there are ways that you

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can get around that.

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So 1 option

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is that you make your feet really big.

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And this is something that I didn't touch

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on in the article,

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but it was...

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There were a couple of engineers, at Cornell

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who essentially did this version of the experiment

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where they they put

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meter squared

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they call them Lily pads, just like, I

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00:10:29,374 --> 00:10:30,965
don't know. Maybe a piece of plywood or

281
00:10:30,965 --> 00:10:33,193
something across a swimming pool.

282
00:10:34,003 --> 00:10:35,752
And with a little bit of practice, they

283
00:10:35,752 --> 00:10:38,455
were able to run across them. And essentially

284
00:10:38,455 --> 00:10:40,840
what that does is is the exact same

285
00:10:40,840 --> 00:10:42,748
physics as the bass is closer and everything

286
00:10:42,748 --> 00:10:44,039
that's discussed in the article.

287
00:10:44,758 --> 00:10:46,835
But it basically gives you a giant foot

288
00:10:46,835 --> 00:10:48,774
that you're slapping down onto the water

289
00:10:49,233 --> 00:10:51,390
without having to waste the energy of pulling

290
00:10:51,390 --> 00:10:53,802
it back up. It's Okay. That's kind of

291
00:10:53,802 --> 00:10:55,720
fun. So they have the... These things strapped

292
00:10:55,720 --> 00:10:56,999
to their feet or were they on those

293
00:10:56,999 --> 00:10:59,076
left of the door? No. They they just

294
00:10:59,076 --> 00:10:59,875
had them floating.

295
00:11:01,166 --> 00:11:02,597
And they don't... It's not like,

296
00:11:04,188 --> 00:11:06,097
there are these kind of buoyant mats that

297
00:11:06,097 --> 00:11:07,052
people will run on.

298
00:11:07,703 --> 00:11:10,250
On water. It's not like that because it's

299
00:11:10,250 --> 00:11:13,195
not buoyant. It's it's only buoyant enough to

300
00:11:13,195 --> 00:11:15,345
hold itself up. If you were to stand

301
00:11:15,345 --> 00:11:17,175
still on this lily pad, you would sink.

302
00:11:17,668 --> 00:11:20,860
Okay. But if you keep moving the slap,

303
00:11:21,019 --> 00:11:23,094
the impulse from that slap is enough that

304
00:11:23,094 --> 00:11:24,610
you can actually run across the water.

305
00:11:25,341 --> 00:11:26,692
In my head when you said bigger feet.

306
00:11:26,851 --> 00:11:28,123
I was thinking so clowns could do it.

307
00:11:28,361 --> 00:11:29,633
So it has to be bigger than clown

308
00:11:29,633 --> 00:11:32,098
feet. Right? Yeah. Yeah. At least at least

309
00:11:32,098 --> 00:11:32,629
for this

310
00:11:33,628 --> 00:11:33,868
version,

311
00:11:34,587 --> 00:11:35,865
it would it would have to be bigger

312
00:11:35,865 --> 00:11:37,463
than cloud. What what if a cloud was

313
00:11:37,463 --> 00:11:39,141
running at 690

314
00:11:39,141 --> 00:11:40,673
miles an hour. Would that Oh, well, that...

315
00:11:40,833 --> 00:11:42,669
Then they'd have no problem. They wouldn't be

316
00:11:42,669 --> 00:11:43,468
clown shoes for that.

317
00:11:44,665 --> 00:11:47,858
Aside from very fast running clowns, as Nicole

318
00:11:47,858 --> 00:11:49,716
mentioned, in nature some characters

319
00:11:50,266 --> 00:11:52,811
are able to run on water. 1 of

320
00:11:52,811 --> 00:11:56,469
them is the Basil lizard, also known for

321
00:11:56,469 --> 00:11:59,705
fairly obvious reasons as the Jesus Christ there's

322
00:11:59,984 --> 00:12:02,218
They're mainly found, I think in Central America

323
00:12:02,218 --> 00:12:04,612
and South America, Though my understanding is that

324
00:12:04,612 --> 00:12:07,245
there are pockets of them in Florida.

325
00:12:08,053 --> 00:12:10,906
And they do this for relatively short distances,

326
00:12:11,144 --> 00:12:13,522
and they do it primarily to get away

327
00:12:13,522 --> 00:12:14,394
from predators.

328
00:12:15,043 --> 00:12:17,107
Because you can imagine if something is coming

329
00:12:17,107 --> 00:12:19,091
after you and you just take off across

330
00:12:19,091 --> 00:12:19,567
the river.

331
00:12:20,520 --> 00:12:22,187
Chances are they're not gonna be able to

332
00:12:22,187 --> 00:12:23,536
come after you all that easily.

333
00:12:24,265 --> 00:12:25,320
So it's a convenient

334
00:12:25,851 --> 00:12:26,883
convenient skill for them.

335
00:12:27,993 --> 00:12:29,342
But these lizards are about...

336
00:12:29,976 --> 00:12:31,563
I wanna say a hundred grams or so.

337
00:12:32,292 --> 00:12:35,019
So they're much too heavy for just surface

338
00:12:35,155 --> 00:12:38,335
tension to keep them up. That's that's what

339
00:12:38,335 --> 00:12:39,766
would work for, say,

340
00:12:40,258 --> 00:12:43,201
a spider or a water strider or most

341
00:12:43,201 --> 00:12:44,951
insects can just kind of walk across the

342
00:12:44,951 --> 00:12:46,781
water because they're just way so very little.

343
00:12:48,306 --> 00:12:49,896
It's not gonna work for the bass lizard.

344
00:12:50,134 --> 00:12:52,598
So what the lizard does instead is it

345
00:12:52,598 --> 00:12:55,951
has relatively oversized feet. And it slaps them

346
00:12:55,951 --> 00:12:57,699
down hard against the water.

347
00:12:58,414 --> 00:13:00,742
And just the same way that

348
00:13:01,355 --> 00:13:01,855
you

349
00:13:02,324 --> 00:13:05,112
having your foot hit a track causes the

350
00:13:05,112 --> 00:13:06,467
track to push you back up.

351
00:13:07,821 --> 00:13:09,415
That's the exact same thing that's going on

352
00:13:09,415 --> 00:13:11,168
with the water, except the water is squishy

353
00:13:11,168 --> 00:13:13,673
and it can move. So there's some

354
00:13:14,843 --> 00:13:17,627
extra complications and trying to stay upright when

355
00:13:17,627 --> 00:13:19,774
the thing that you're pushing against can move

356
00:13:19,774 --> 00:13:20,331
around like that.

357
00:13:21,143 --> 00:13:24,335
But generally speaking, they're getting most of their

358
00:13:24,335 --> 00:13:26,409
ability to stay up from slapping the water

359
00:13:26,409 --> 00:13:29,771
hard enough to give them. Vertical impulse. So

360
00:13:29,771 --> 00:13:31,839
when the lizards are running, it's sort of

361
00:13:31,839 --> 00:13:33,669
a circular motion in a way with their

362
00:13:33,669 --> 00:13:35,897
leg. A little bit. I mean, they're they're

363
00:13:35,897 --> 00:13:38,139
moving forward, they're kind of putting their foot

364
00:13:38,139 --> 00:13:40,288
in, and then they pull it out before

365
00:13:40,288 --> 00:13:42,437
the water closes around it. Okay.

366
00:13:43,631 --> 00:13:44,768
And the

367
00:13:45,236 --> 00:13:47,219
older and bigger they are, the more awkward

368
00:13:47,219 --> 00:13:49,067
it looks as they do it

369
00:13:49,598 --> 00:13:51,660
because they're having a harder and harder time

370
00:13:51,660 --> 00:13:53,904
staying above the water. Yeah. Yeah. I can

371
00:13:53,904 --> 00:13:56,465
advertise with that. Totally put something I'm finding

372
00:13:56,465 --> 00:13:59,184
or playing football or cycling or anything that

373
00:13:59,184 --> 00:14:01,024
the older I get, the heavier I get

374
00:14:01,024 --> 00:14:03,036
the role could I look. Some reason? Yeah.

375
00:14:03,196 --> 00:14:05,744
Yeah. No. I same. Alright you told me

376
00:14:05,744 --> 00:14:07,177
why you're looking at it, But why are

377
00:14:07,177 --> 00:14:09,566
that why are people actually looking? What's the

378
00:14:09,566 --> 00:14:11,414
purpose of it? Is there any some is

379
00:14:11,414 --> 00:14:13,971
there any real reason why knowing this helps

380
00:14:13,971 --> 00:14:15,570
please? Well, so I can tell you that

381
00:14:15,570 --> 00:14:18,047
the the biologist who has inspired to look

382
00:14:18,047 --> 00:14:20,045
at this was looking at it.

383
00:14:21,255 --> 00:14:22,074
In part

384
00:14:22,530 --> 00:14:25,478
because she was fascinated by the similarities and

385
00:14:25,478 --> 00:14:26,297
the toes

386
00:14:27,072 --> 00:14:29,861
of the bass lizard which runs on water.

387
00:14:30,433 --> 00:14:33,222
And a different kind of desert lizard that

388
00:14:33,222 --> 00:14:34,019
runs on sand.

389
00:14:34,895 --> 00:14:38,400
And so her fascination is in figuring out

390
00:14:38,400 --> 00:14:41,621
how it is that these animals are able

391
00:14:41,677 --> 00:14:42,177
to

392
00:14:42,790 --> 00:14:45,412
run on vastly different surfaces and why it

393
00:14:45,412 --> 00:14:47,501
is that there are visual similarities

394
00:14:47,876 --> 00:14:48,376
between

395
00:14:49,164 --> 00:14:50,541
the limbs of these

396
00:14:51,238 --> 00:14:53,393
lizards doing such vastly different things.

397
00:14:54,350 --> 00:14:56,186
Is that something we can learn from apart

398
00:14:56,186 --> 00:14:59,166
from just knowing that these lizards have different

399
00:14:59,222 --> 00:15:01,128
ways of doing things. Well, I mean, in

400
00:15:01,128 --> 00:15:03,511
general, a a lot of the the kind

401
00:15:03,511 --> 00:15:06,053
of work that goes on in understanding animal

402
00:15:06,053 --> 00:15:06,553
lo

403
00:15:06,942 --> 00:15:07,760
comes back

404
00:15:08,134 --> 00:15:11,948
into play in engineering through bio mechanics and

405
00:15:11,948 --> 00:15:12,663
bio robots.

406
00:15:14,189 --> 00:15:16,346
1 of the things that engineers have discovered

407
00:15:16,346 --> 00:15:19,621
is that it's really hard to get robots

408
00:15:19,621 --> 00:15:20,920
that can move over

409
00:15:21,314 --> 00:15:23,788
vastly different types of ground. Like, maybe you

410
00:15:23,788 --> 00:15:26,123
can get something that works really well on

411
00:15:27,858 --> 00:15:29,055
a carpet surface,

412
00:15:29,709 --> 00:15:31,227
but struggles on

413
00:15:31,627 --> 00:15:34,105
little no n or a tile surface or

414
00:15:34,105 --> 00:15:36,822
if you spread gravel on something, all of

415
00:15:36,822 --> 00:15:38,580
a sudden, it's really difficult for it to

416
00:15:38,580 --> 00:15:38,900
move.

417
00:15:39,472 --> 00:15:41,541
Sand is another thing that's that's really tough.

418
00:15:41,938 --> 00:15:43,927
And so for a lot of engineers who

419
00:15:43,927 --> 00:15:45,222
are wanting to design

420
00:15:45,836 --> 00:15:49,622
robot that can get into places like

421
00:15:50,878 --> 00:15:53,931
disaster zones after you've had some kind of

422
00:15:54,799 --> 00:15:56,784
natural disaster. You wanna get through this rub,

423
00:15:56,943 --> 00:15:58,451
find out if there's anyone there that you

424
00:15:58,451 --> 00:15:59,087
need to rescue.

425
00:16:00,119 --> 00:16:02,080
You need to be able to build the

426
00:16:02,199 --> 00:16:04,512
devices that are capable of moving over many

427
00:16:04,512 --> 00:16:07,065
different types of terrain and adapting to them.

428
00:16:07,862 --> 00:16:10,276
So being able to understand how

429
00:16:10,733 --> 00:16:11,233
particular

430
00:16:12,502 --> 00:16:14,886
ways that, you know, how how is that

431
00:16:14,886 --> 00:16:17,508
animals are able to do this and and

432
00:16:17,508 --> 00:16:20,766
move so well across so many different surfaces.

433
00:16:21,339 --> 00:16:23,571
Is really valuable for engineers in that respect.

434
00:16:24,130 --> 00:16:25,985
But, I mean, we're not gonna be inventing

435
00:16:26,362 --> 00:16:28,675
shoes to help us run across water, Are

436
00:16:28,675 --> 00:16:29,951
we. That's not gonna be in.

437
00:16:31,561 --> 00:16:32,200
Not on Earth.

438
00:16:32,838 --> 00:16:35,950
Unfortunately, if you want to run across liquid

439
00:16:35,950 --> 00:16:36,450
surfaces

440
00:16:36,987 --> 00:16:37,546
on Earth.

441
00:16:39,150 --> 00:16:41,053
You don't really have too many options. You

442
00:16:41,053 --> 00:16:44,147
could run across Oo, which is a mixture

443
00:16:44,147 --> 00:16:45,813
of corn starch and water.

444
00:16:46,623 --> 00:16:48,537
It is... You can find that all over

445
00:16:48,697 --> 00:16:50,691
Youtube. It is possible to run across swimming

446
00:16:50,691 --> 00:16:52,764
pools of that. You do need a cement

447
00:16:52,764 --> 00:16:54,758
mixer in order to mix that stuff up

448
00:16:54,758 --> 00:16:55,635
at that scale.

449
00:16:56,448 --> 00:16:57,645
But it is very doable.

450
00:16:58,523 --> 00:17:00,917
It doesn't work quite the same way because

451
00:17:00,917 --> 00:17:03,550
there's additional things going on inside the fluid.

452
00:17:04,043 --> 00:17:06,287
That kind of enable you

453
00:17:06,739 --> 00:17:08,111
to stay up in that

454
00:17:08,483 --> 00:17:11,101
situation. If you just wanna run across plain

455
00:17:11,101 --> 00:17:11,338
water,

456
00:17:12,147 --> 00:17:13,657
the moon turns out to be a pretty

457
00:17:13,657 --> 00:17:14,451
good place to do it.

458
00:17:16,040 --> 00:17:18,106
Not that the water is there, you'd have

459
00:17:18,106 --> 00:17:20,093
to, you know, take it and cope with

460
00:17:20,093 --> 00:17:22,571
the lack of air and whatnot. But the

461
00:17:22,571 --> 00:17:25,431
gravity on the moon is actually about right,

462
00:17:26,384 --> 00:17:29,109
so that people are capable of keeping themselves

463
00:17:29,657 --> 00:17:30,929
up on the water that's...

464
00:17:32,122 --> 00:17:34,450
That was actually shown in an Italian experiment

465
00:17:34,665 --> 00:17:36,096
that I did discuss in the article,

466
00:17:37,448 --> 00:17:38,425
were they essentially

467
00:17:39,055 --> 00:17:40,355
put people in a harness

468
00:17:41,055 --> 00:17:44,355
that mimics being at lunar gravity

469
00:17:44,654 --> 00:17:46,595
or or other reduced gravity

470
00:17:47,067 --> 00:17:49,053
situations, and they had them run in place

471
00:17:49,053 --> 00:17:50,983
with fins on their feet that made them

472
00:17:51,040 --> 00:17:51,517
have

473
00:17:52,311 --> 00:17:53,606
proportionately sized

474
00:17:54,234 --> 00:17:56,555
feet like a basil. So a little bigger

475
00:17:56,555 --> 00:17:58,394
than human feet kinda like your clown shoes.

476
00:17:59,595 --> 00:18:02,245
And they would just run in place over

477
00:18:02,245 --> 00:18:04,625
this pool that they were suspended over, and

478
00:18:04,625 --> 00:18:06,553
you can see in the footage, which is

479
00:18:07,164 --> 00:18:08,513
absolutely amazing to watch.

480
00:18:09,798 --> 00:18:10,298
That

481
00:18:10,672 --> 00:18:11,569
it is possible

482
00:18:12,181 --> 00:18:12,681
for

483
00:18:13,452 --> 00:18:15,676
a human to support themselves at least for

484
00:18:15,676 --> 00:18:17,240
several seconds at a time. I think

485
00:18:17,837 --> 00:18:19,113
at lunar gravity,

486
00:18:19,830 --> 00:18:21,903
everyone that they had that they were testing

487
00:18:21,903 --> 00:18:22,461
could do it.

488
00:18:23,179 --> 00:18:25,751
But as they increased the gravitational

489
00:18:26,144 --> 00:18:29,105
the equivalent grab gravity levels, it got harder

490
00:18:29,105 --> 00:18:31,585
and harder for people. Just going back to

491
00:18:31,585 --> 00:18:33,365
watching Apollo astronauts.

492
00:18:34,319 --> 00:18:35,759
Wish I've done a lot. Oh... There a

493
00:18:35,759 --> 00:18:37,119
lot of fun. Absolutely. But they don't do

494
00:18:37,119 --> 00:18:38,319
a lot of running. They do a lot

495
00:18:38,319 --> 00:18:40,000
of bouncing. Is it is it possible to

496
00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:41,839
run on the moon. I think it would

497
00:18:41,839 --> 00:18:44,413
probably take some practice to figure out exactly

498
00:18:44,413 --> 00:18:46,250
how to do it. It's fair to say

499
00:18:46,250 --> 00:18:48,807
that the... There... It's unlikely that your stride

500
00:18:48,807 --> 00:18:50,819
is going to look the exact same. That

501
00:18:50,819 --> 00:18:52,337
if we're gonna make an Olympic sport out

502
00:18:52,337 --> 00:18:54,334
of this, which I... It's the ideal thing.

503
00:18:54,574 --> 00:18:56,491
Right? We we're not going to go to

504
00:18:56,491 --> 00:18:57,530
the moment to do that.

505
00:18:58,345 --> 00:19:00,424
Can you see an Olympic sport in the

506
00:19:00,424 --> 00:19:02,265
swimming pool with these lily pads on it?

507
00:19:02,424 --> 00:19:03,704
And I mean, they could.

508
00:19:04,265 --> 00:19:05,865
If if they did the Lily pad option,

509
00:19:06,025 --> 00:19:07,224
that that is feasible.

510
00:19:08,279 --> 00:19:10,137
And it that would be

511
00:19:11,475 --> 00:19:12,535
really interesting

512
00:19:13,073 --> 00:19:15,391
to see people raising. I think they would

513
00:19:15,391 --> 00:19:16,844
have to do it in kind of time

514
00:19:16,844 --> 00:19:18,362
trial sort of way because if you had

515
00:19:18,362 --> 00:19:20,439
multiple people jumping for the same lily pad

516
00:19:20,439 --> 00:19:22,116
at once, everyone's just gonna fall.

517
00:19:23,809 --> 00:19:25,564
Apparently, you have to hit the middle of

518
00:19:25,564 --> 00:19:28,355
the Lilly pad quite well to get it

519
00:19:28,355 --> 00:19:30,030
to work. Otherwise, you lose your balance and

520
00:19:30,030 --> 00:19:32,024
you fall off. This sounds pretty skill, which

521
00:19:32,024 --> 00:19:33,460
is what you want from middle olympics. Yeah.

522
00:19:33,713 --> 00:19:35,383
Say what worries mean about it though the...

523
00:19:35,542 --> 00:19:37,211
Is the end? How do you stop? I

524
00:19:37,211 --> 00:19:39,517
think you have to transition from... Just like

525
00:19:39,517 --> 00:19:42,140
the lizard do. Right? You transition from being

526
00:19:42,140 --> 00:19:44,170
on the water to being on

527
00:19:44,710 --> 00:19:47,509
the side of the pool. Yeah. Actually... That's

528
00:19:47,509 --> 00:19:48,869
how the lizards do it. They run from,

529
00:19:49,029 --> 00:19:50,329
like, ground

530
00:19:50,869 --> 00:19:52,470
across the water and back to ground.

531
00:19:53,364 --> 00:19:55,920
As opposed to the g who being water

532
00:19:55,920 --> 00:19:57,938
birds, they're happy to do it just

533
00:19:58,317 --> 00:20:01,067
from the water to the water. So g

534
00:20:01,681 --> 00:20:03,374
are pretty spectacular

535
00:20:03,829 --> 00:20:07,113
because they're about 10 times heavier than

536
00:20:07,584 --> 00:20:08,084
the

537
00:20:08,463 --> 00:20:08,942
lizards.

538
00:20:09,901 --> 00:20:12,058
I think they they are, like, 2 2

539
00:20:12,058 --> 00:20:13,037
and a half kilograms

540
00:20:13,496 --> 00:20:13,975
these birds.

541
00:20:15,028 --> 00:20:17,338
They're black and white. They don't look all

542
00:20:17,338 --> 00:20:17,838
that

543
00:20:18,612 --> 00:20:19,011
spectacular.

544
00:20:19,887 --> 00:20:21,799
They just, you know, look like water birds.

545
00:20:22,436 --> 00:20:23,573
Except they have this

546
00:20:25,161 --> 00:20:28,670
behavior that they do when they're mating, they

547
00:20:28,670 --> 00:20:30,185
have a display called Rushing,

548
00:20:30,982 --> 00:20:31,482
where

549
00:20:32,019 --> 00:20:32,918
the 2

550
00:20:33,869 --> 00:20:35,007
mated graves

551
00:20:35,625 --> 00:20:36,125
will

552
00:20:36,662 --> 00:20:38,976
rise up out of the water, kicking their

553
00:20:38,976 --> 00:20:39,476
feet

554
00:20:40,253 --> 00:20:41,711
as fast as you can

555
00:20:42,262 --> 00:20:42,580
you know,

556
00:20:44,090 --> 00:20:44,963
imagine practically.

557
00:20:45,520 --> 00:20:47,983
I think it's about 20 steps a second.

558
00:20:48,221 --> 00:20:51,178
It's ridiculous compared to anything that you know,

559
00:20:51,258 --> 00:20:52,136
a human can do.

560
00:20:53,891 --> 00:20:56,285
And when they do this, they rise up

561
00:20:56,285 --> 00:20:58,461
out of the water with their wing stationary

562
00:20:58,694 --> 00:21:00,532
behind them. So they're not getting any help

563
00:21:00,532 --> 00:21:01,410
from their wings at all,

564
00:21:02,449 --> 00:21:04,606
and they just run across the water for

565
00:21:04,606 --> 00:21:05,485
20 meters or so.

566
00:21:06,137 --> 00:21:09,325
It's like a synchronized swimming display except running

567
00:21:09,325 --> 00:21:12,432
on water. Yeah. It's amazing. Quite apart from

568
00:21:12,432 --> 00:21:14,503
the running and water bit, the whole display

569
00:21:14,503 --> 00:21:16,986
is an incredible. An incredible thing. Oh, yes.

570
00:21:17,384 --> 00:21:19,713
But is that sort of effectively the same

571
00:21:20,088 --> 00:21:21,838
as the lizards? The way they're doing. Yeah.

572
00:21:21,997 --> 00:21:24,006
The physics The physics is very much the

573
00:21:24,006 --> 00:21:24,166
same.

574
00:21:24,964 --> 00:21:25,863
The 1

575
00:21:26,720 --> 00:21:30,253
significant difference I would note between them is

576
00:21:30,392 --> 00:21:32,404
that the birds... Pull their feet out of

577
00:21:32,404 --> 00:21:33,285
the water differently.

578
00:21:33,765 --> 00:21:36,325
And it's a little unclear exactly what goes

579
00:21:36,325 --> 00:21:38,484
on during that step because it happens underwater,

580
00:21:38,979 --> 00:21:41,129
and you can't get g to do this

581
00:21:41,129 --> 00:21:42,903
in the lab. You can only do it

582
00:21:43,119 --> 00:21:44,712
when you're out in the field. So it's

583
00:21:44,712 --> 00:21:46,464
really hard to see what's happening under the

584
00:21:46,464 --> 00:21:47,442
water from

585
00:21:47,993 --> 00:21:50,726
cameras that are second on land. Massive boats

586
00:21:50,785 --> 00:21:53,597
float on water. The way that that boats

587
00:21:53,656 --> 00:21:56,607
and people float on water is with buoyancy.

588
00:21:56,846 --> 00:21:59,197
So it it relies on us

589
00:22:00,054 --> 00:22:02,709
displacing a volume of water

590
00:22:03,327 --> 00:22:03,827
that

591
00:22:04,923 --> 00:22:05,423
is,

592
00:22:05,802 --> 00:22:06,041
well,

593
00:22:06,759 --> 00:22:08,788
it equal to the

594
00:22:09,164 --> 00:22:09,664
weight

595
00:22:10,040 --> 00:22:11,098
that we have

596
00:22:11,952 --> 00:22:15,797
under the water essentially. So the further submerged

597
00:22:16,269 --> 00:22:18,264
you are, and the more you can push

598
00:22:18,264 --> 00:22:20,419
water aside, the more of a buoyant force

599
00:22:20,419 --> 00:22:20,898
you get.

600
00:22:22,175 --> 00:22:24,271
That doesn't really help with the basil

601
00:22:24,664 --> 00:22:26,744
and the g because not very much of

602
00:22:26,744 --> 00:22:28,744
them is underwater. If they were would that

603
00:22:28,744 --> 00:22:30,505
help? I mean, like, could you sort of

604
00:22:30,505 --> 00:22:31,464
run just underneath?

605
00:22:32,437 --> 00:22:34,112
I mean at that point you're just swimming.

606
00:22:35,866 --> 00:22:37,781
That's it's like the duck. Right? The their

607
00:22:37,781 --> 00:22:39,934
feet are going wild underneath the surface, but

608
00:22:39,934 --> 00:22:42,020
they look like they're just lighting along other

609
00:22:42,020 --> 00:22:45,296
there Olympia who are competing in Paris who

610
00:22:45,827 --> 00:22:46,327
could

611
00:22:47,335 --> 00:22:49,318
effectively run on water. Yes.

612
00:22:49,888 --> 00:22:52,354
There are Olympia in Paris who have the

613
00:22:52,354 --> 00:22:53,786
speed that they could run on water,

614
00:22:54,900 --> 00:22:55,536
not on earth.

615
00:22:56,904 --> 00:22:58,179
We would we would have to be having

616
00:22:58,179 --> 00:22:58,976
the space Olympics.

617
00:23:01,368 --> 00:23:04,397
1 option as as I said before is

618
00:23:04,397 --> 00:23:05,035
we could...

619
00:23:05,769 --> 00:23:07,686
Have events on the moon and, you know,

620
00:23:07,846 --> 00:23:09,764
just transplant a pool up there.

621
00:23:11,042 --> 00:23:13,773
Another option, which I think is is a

622
00:23:13,773 --> 00:23:14,273
particularly

623
00:23:14,651 --> 00:23:17,066
interesting 1 is having

624
00:23:18,641 --> 00:23:21,376
instead of water running, having ethane running

625
00:23:22,410 --> 00:23:24,730
across the lakes of Titan. That sounds amazing.

626
00:23:24,970 --> 00:23:27,049
Titan is 1 of Saturn's moons.

627
00:23:27,690 --> 00:23:29,070
It's a particularly

628
00:23:29,529 --> 00:23:31,768
interesting place because it's the only other place

629
00:23:31,768 --> 00:23:35,122
in our solar system that has surface level

630
00:23:35,732 --> 00:23:36,232
liquid

631
00:23:36,842 --> 00:23:40,673
bodies place so lakes and seas, and oceans.

632
00:23:43,378 --> 00:23:46,242
Prior to to finding out that Titan has

633
00:23:46,242 --> 00:23:46,742
these

634
00:23:47,373 --> 00:23:48,091
hydrocarbon lakes.

635
00:23:48,650 --> 00:23:50,486
We thought that Earth was the only place

636
00:23:50,486 --> 00:23:53,040
that that just had liquid sitting on the

637
00:23:53,040 --> 00:23:55,035
surface that you could swim or run in,

638
00:23:55,689 --> 00:23:57,045
Why would we be able to run on

639
00:23:57,045 --> 00:24:00,098
that un titan? Mostly because titan is smaller

640
00:24:00,157 --> 00:24:02,550
than Earth, it has, less gravity.

641
00:24:03,997 --> 00:24:06,303
Which means that, in general, you don't have

642
00:24:06,303 --> 00:24:08,528
to have as much vertical impulse, or you

643
00:24:08,528 --> 00:24:10,198
don't have to be creating the same amount

644
00:24:10,198 --> 00:24:12,319
of force to keep yourself up just because

645
00:24:12,598 --> 00:24:13,156
your lighter.

646
00:24:15,147 --> 00:24:17,537
But also because of the ethane rather than

647
00:24:17,537 --> 00:24:18,993
water. Yeah. There's

648
00:24:19,783 --> 00:24:22,357
funny thing about it is that, the density

649
00:24:22,814 --> 00:24:23,314
of

650
00:24:23,692 --> 00:24:26,244
the ethane is lower, So it actually doesn't

651
00:24:26,244 --> 00:24:27,680
help you as much as water. Like, if

652
00:24:27,680 --> 00:24:30,322
you could have water there, that would that

653
00:24:30,322 --> 00:24:31,671
would make it a little bit easier,

654
00:24:33,099 --> 00:24:34,527
but that's not what they have. They have

655
00:24:34,527 --> 00:24:36,590
ethane thing. Oh, okay. So would actually be

656
00:24:36,590 --> 00:24:38,429
more helpful if it was water. Little bit

657
00:24:38,429 --> 00:24:39,696
more helpful, You would get a little bit

658
00:24:39,696 --> 00:24:42,073
more vertical out of it. If they had

659
00:24:42,073 --> 00:24:43,896
water, we'd already be there though. Right? Yeah.

660
00:24:44,133 --> 00:24:45,059
Well, if

661
00:24:45,655 --> 00:24:47,903
what water does exist on titan is frozen

662
00:24:47,960 --> 00:24:49,628
because it's extremely cold there.

663
00:24:50,741 --> 00:24:52,647
Okay. Okay. So you're gonna have to run

664
00:24:52,647 --> 00:24:55,207
in jumpers. Yeah. Yeah. You're you're gonna have

665
00:24:55,207 --> 00:24:57,275
to be able to dress very warm and

666
00:24:57,275 --> 00:24:59,422
hold your breath. Okay. Yeah. Diaz is not

667
00:24:59,422 --> 00:25:01,187
gonna be great. Is it on tight? No.

668
00:25:01,504 --> 00:25:03,966
Okay. As colleague explains in the feature on

669
00:25:03,966 --> 00:25:07,086
physics well dot com, it's not just anybody

670
00:25:07,142 --> 00:25:08,810
who could run across the likes of Titan.

671
00:25:09,381 --> 00:25:12,164
1 person who could is the Us sprinter,

672
00:25:12,403 --> 00:25:13,516
Shi carry Richardson.

673
00:25:13,993 --> 00:25:16,219
The fastest woman in the world right now.

674
00:25:17,189 --> 00:25:19,741
Running on titan legs, racism and have the

675
00:25:19,741 --> 00:25:21,974
advantage of weighing just 45 kilograms,

676
00:25:22,373 --> 00:25:25,484
while her Uk size 5 shoes provide a

677
00:25:25,484 --> 00:25:26,840
good foot area.

678
00:25:27,493 --> 00:25:30,366
According to Nicole calculations, the Us athlete fleet

679
00:25:30,366 --> 00:25:33,558
would have to run at about 8.7

680
00:25:33,558 --> 00:25:34,515
meters per second.

681
00:25:35,089 --> 00:25:38,356
That's within her world championship time, which she

682
00:25:38,356 --> 00:25:40,348
ran at 9.3

683
00:25:40,348 --> 00:25:42,341
meters per second. For those of us who

684
00:25:42,341 --> 00:25:45,565
are, slightly larger and not quite so blistering

685
00:25:45,782 --> 00:25:46,818
fast as Richardson.

686
00:25:47,376 --> 00:25:50,346
We could, of course just enter the Titan

687
00:25:50,403 --> 00:25:52,156
freestyle swim instead.

688
00:25:53,208 --> 00:25:53,767
You first.

689
00:25:54,406 --> 00:25:56,880
Back to Nicole now, and my 1 last

690
00:25:56,880 --> 00:25:58,578
question for her, which is

691
00:25:58,956 --> 00:26:01,191
are we really gonna be adding this to

692
00:26:01,191 --> 00:26:01,750
the Olympics.

693
00:26:02,323 --> 00:26:05,347
Well, I think, you know, it it might

694
00:26:05,347 --> 00:26:07,496
be an idea a little before its time

695
00:26:07,496 --> 00:26:07,735
still,

696
00:26:08,531 --> 00:26:10,600
we're gonna have to get get

697
00:26:12,369 --> 00:26:12,869
creative

698
00:26:13,647 --> 00:26:15,724
to to bring it into the Olympics. And

699
00:26:15,964 --> 00:26:18,121
I imagine the Io is going to have

700
00:26:18,121 --> 00:26:20,291
a lot of questions shenzhen. While we might

701
00:26:20,291 --> 00:26:22,546
have to wait some time for the space

702
00:26:22,605 --> 00:26:25,317
olympics pixel running on water to be part

703
00:26:25,317 --> 00:26:28,222
of the Olympic games. This year's Olympic games

704
00:26:28,278 --> 00:26:30,981
in Paris run from the 20 sixth of

705
00:26:31,220 --> 00:26:34,002
July to the eleventh of August. And 1

706
00:26:34,002 --> 00:26:36,351
news sport that you can find in there

707
00:26:36,569 --> 00:26:39,363
is breaking or break dancing. And if you

708
00:26:39,363 --> 00:26:41,060
want to know about the physics of that

709
00:26:41,198 --> 00:26:43,287
and plenty of other sports, sport You can

710
00:26:43,287 --> 00:26:45,116
go back to our previous episode of the

711
00:26:45,196 --> 00:26:47,821
Physics World stories podcast where we hear from

712
00:26:47,980 --> 00:26:50,782
John Eric Go. The author, of gold medal

713
00:26:50,782 --> 00:26:52,877
physics, the science of sports

714
00:26:53,654 --> 00:26:55,409
And of course, you can find out much

715
00:26:55,409 --> 00:26:58,848
more about the potential and the nature of

716
00:26:58,848 --> 00:26:59,825
running on water

717
00:27:00,278 --> 00:27:02,740
in the coal shops article on physics world

718
00:27:02,740 --> 00:27:04,409
dot com could athletes,

719
00:27:04,806 --> 00:27:08,482
mimic basil lizards and turn water running into

720
00:27:08,482 --> 00:27:09,518
an Olympic sport.

721
00:27:10,633 --> 00:27:12,783
Next month we'll be delving into some of

722
00:27:12,783 --> 00:27:14,637
the drama in the recent past

723
00:27:14,949 --> 00:27:15,667
of so.

724
00:27:16,705 --> 00:27:18,701
The hump for the Higgs boson on that

725
00:27:19,180 --> 00:27:20,958
Lhc switch on, and

726
00:27:21,735 --> 00:27:23,731
well, how did they end up not destroying

727
00:27:23,731 --> 00:27:24,130
the world?

728
00:27:24,784 --> 00:27:27,277
And how could they capture

729
00:27:27,893 --> 00:27:28,632
the public's

730
00:27:29,088 --> 00:27:29,965
imagination again?

731
00:27:31,002 --> 00:27:32,835
That's next month, but for now,

732
00:27:33,566 --> 00:27:35,872
Enjoy the Olympics, and thank you very much

733
00:27:35,872 --> 00:27:36,429
for listening.