Immune

Nicholas Jackson, AKA Nick the Immunologist, talks about being a graduate student, social media creator, and his research on cytokine tools to investigate regulatory T cells.

Host: Cindy Leifer

Guest: Nicholas Jackson (Nick the Immunologist)

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Richard DiPaolo lab
• IL-2, TGFb and Tregs preprint
• Nick the Immunologist on TikTok
• Nick the Immunologist on Instagram
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Luke O'Neill recounts his role in discovering key components of the TLR signaling pathway, explains how pursuing unexpected research questions keeps him motivated, and reflects on his experiences as an entrepreneur founding biotech companies.

Host: Cindy Leifer

Guest: Luke O'Neill

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• O'Neill lab
• Identification of MAL in the TLR signaling pathway (Nature, 2001)
• GDF 15, immunometabolism and anti-inflammatories (An Rev Pharmacol Tox, 2026)
• Itaconate and regulation of inflammation (Nat Metab, 2024)
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

George Stark from the Cleveland Clinic reflects on his early training in biochemistry and how several sabbatical leaves sparked pivotal changes in his research trajectory, eventually drawing him to interferon signaling where he helped establish the core principles of the JAK–STAT pathway and uncovered interesting roles for interferon signaling in cancer.

Host: Cindy Leifer

Guest: George Stark

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Stark lab
• Development of the Northern blotting technique (PNAS, 1977)
• Development of Western blotting for proteins (PNAS, 1979)
• Discovery of Tyk2 as a critical kinase in interferon response (Cell, 1992)
• Topical PALA treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer (Exp Dermatol, 2023)
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

The Immune team talks all about cytokines, from what they are to immunotherapies against them to treat diseases.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Non-specific virus neutralization by IgM and complement (mBio 2026)
• Natural antibodies against viruses (Virology blog, 2009)
• Biologics against inflammatory cytokines (Int J Cell Bio, 2016)
• Biologics against allergic cytokines (JACI, 2022)
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Irah King from McGill University talks about his passion to understand how our immune system detects and responds to helminthic worm infections, how the worms can reprogram those responses, and how these pathways might be exploited to develop new treatments for inflammatory diseases.

Host: Cindy Leifer

Guest: Irah King

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• King lab at McGill
• Stromal cells and disease tolerance against intestinal infection (Cell, 2025)
• Helminth-Microbiome Interactions in Early Life (Cell, Host, & Microbe, 2024)
• BCL6, CD4T cells and parasitic infection (Mucoslal Immunol, 2023)
• Helminths manipulate the intestinal epithelium (Trends Parasit, 2023)
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

The Immune team discusses a paper describing the negative effects of old B cells on T cells and longevity and a snippet on an interesting vaccine approach to promote competition between gut commensals.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Stephanie Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Vaccine enhanced competition of gut bacteria (Science 2025)
• B cells drive immunosenescence and aging (Sci Immunol 2026)
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

A former anti-vax mom talks about going down the rabbit hole, her mindset shift, the importance of doctors who are willing to talk with patients about vaccines, and why she is now a vaccine advocate.

Host: Cindy Leifer

Guest: Ellen Mary Woods

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• A shot at life foundation
• Voices for Vaccines information and advocacy
• What the iPhone bendgate can teach us about vaccine hesitancy
• Tips for conversations with vaccine hesitant people
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Gabrielle Rizzuto from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center discusses her work on the curious immunology of pregnancy and how a woman tolerates a genetically different baby but quickly rejects a mismatched organ donation.

Host: Cindy Leifer

Guest: Gabrielle Rizzuto

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Rizzuto lab at MSKCC
• Tolerance at the fetal-maternal interface (Nature, 2022)
• The paradox of fetal-maternal tolerance (J Exp Med, 2022)
• Spatially resolved timeline of fetal-maternal interface (Nature, 2023)
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

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Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Immune discusses how tattoo ink accumulates in lymph nodes, promotes inflammation and influences response to two different vaccines.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Stephanie Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• IL-9, CAR T cells and anti-tumor CD8 cells
• Tattoo ink, inflammation and vaccines
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Anna Beaudin from University of Utah talks about the key thread of her career, development, and how that influences her research on the events happening during critical prenatal windows shapes everything from the developing immune system to hearing loss.

Host: Cindy Leifer

Guest: Anna Beaudin

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Beaudin lab at University of Utah
• PhD work on metabolism and development
• Postdoc work on hematopoietic stem cells
• Maternal inflammation and hematopoietic stem cell development
• Prenatal inflammation effect on postnatal immunity
• Early life inflammation and hearing loss
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Host: Cindy Leifer

Guest: Leslie Berg

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Berg lab at University of Colorado Anschutz
• TCR thresholds and ITK (PNAS)
• Review on TCR signaling (Nat Immunol)
• Generation of TCR transgenic mice (Mol Cell Bio)
• T cell negative selection in TCR transgenic mice (Nature)
• Thymic exit of mature T cells in TCR transgenic mice (Cell)
• AAI past president Berg information
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

The whole Immune gang gathers with special guests Gretchen Diehl and Shruti Naik at The Incubator with an audience to celebrate the 100th episode.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Stephanie Langel, and Brianne Barker

Guests: Gretchen Diehl and Shruti Naik

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Diehl: Gut microbe-specific T cell development (Nature 2021)
• Diehl: Bacteria-induced IL-1 is gut protective (Gut Microbes 2022)
• Diehl: Microbiota, macrophages, IL10, and colitis (Gut Microbes 2022)
• Diehl: E. coli-activated circuit restrains gut inflammation (Cell Rep 2025)
• Naik: Commensals control skin inflammation (Science 2012)
• Naik: IL-17 and hypoxic stress during skin repair (Science 2022)
• Naik: Human psoriasis and spatial transcriptomics (Sci Immunol 2023)
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami.

Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

David Schatz talks about his discovery of Rag genes that are critical for antigen receptor development and how that discovery depended on taking high risks and using approaches that everyone thought could never work.

Host: Cindy Leifer

Guest: David Schatz

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Transfer of recombinase activity in non-lymphoid cells (Cell 1988)
• Identification of the RAG-1 gene (Cell 1989)
• Evolution of a recombinase (Semin Immunol 2004)
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

The Immune team discusses the groundbreaking discoveries of regulatory T cells, which was the topic of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Sakaguchi lab paper on FoxP3 and regulatory T cells (Science 2003)
• Brunkow and Ramsdell description of scurfy mouse mutation (Nature 2001)
• Nobel Prize writeup on Treg discoveries
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Susan Schwab talks about how she got the research bug, bugs she ate, and her research on how the lipid S1P helps T cells decide- should I stay or should I go.

Host: Cindy Leifer

Guest: Susan Schwab

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Schwab lab website
• Monocytes produce the lipid S1P to regulate T cell movement
• Review on S1P and immune cell migration
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Immune discusses cross-reactive antibodies to avian influenza neuraminidases and a role for gut-derived T cells in the brain to regulate eating behavior.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Antibody cross-reactivity to influenza H5N1 (Cell Host Microbe, 2025)
• Gut-derived T cells regulate behavior (Nature, 2025)
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Kristian Andersen from Scripps Research Institute joins Cindy to talk about how he got interested in virus evolution, how the immune system drives viral adaptation, and what we can learn from this research to better prepare us for the next pandemic.

Guest: Kristian Andersen

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Andersen Lab website
• Perspective on Immunological drivers of virus emergence
• Kristian's appearance on TWiV 774
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Cindy and Steph discuss a paper that challenges the textbook dogma that B cells must first bind to an antigen for antibody affinity maturation to occur, and a snippet on dysfunctional T cells during bacterial vaginosis.

Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Steph Langel

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Somatic hypermutation in non-specific B cells (Immunity 2025)
• Dysfunctional T cells during bacterial vaginosis (J Clin Invest 2025)
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Cindy sits down with Bali Pulendran at the AAI 2025 meeting where he told the story of how a childhood fascination with the cosmos grew into a career addressing fundamental questions about the human immune response, and how when an antigen enters the body it is like the big bang in how it initiates immune responses.

Host: Cindy Leifer

Guest: Bali Pulendran

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Systems vaccinology determines antibody responses and durability (Nature 2025)
• World's largest immunology experiment (Sem Immunol 2024)
• Systems Vaccinology Review (Immunity 2010)
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Elizabeth Marnik, also known as Science Whiz Liz, grew up unvaccinated, yet she is now an immunologist, science communicator, and advocate for vaccines–this is her story.

Guest: Elizabeth Marnick

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• More about Liz on her webpage
• ScienceWhizLiz on Instagram
• From the Science Classroom with Science Whiz Liz on Substack
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Immune discusses the potential future of delivering vaccines by flossing your teeth and how antibodies in human milk shape the normal immune responses in newborns.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Floss-based vaccination (Nat Biomed Engineering 2025)
• Press article on Floss-based vaccine paper (Sci News)
• Human milk IgA promotes immune development (PNAS 2025)
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Cindy speaks with Aimee Pugh Bernard from University of Colorado about her career and her passion for teaching and communicating immunology to the public.

Host: Cindy Leifer

Guest: Aimee Pugh Bernard

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• More about Aimee on her webpage
• Funsizeimmuninja on Instagram
• Fun Size Science video partnership with Unbiased Science
• Funsizeimmuninja Substack
• Society for Leukocyte Biology
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Immune discusses how cancer cells swap mitochondria with T cells and then digs in for a discussion of an unusual checkpoint blockade that failed for cancer but could be repurposed for autoimmune inflammation.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Cancer cells steal mitochondria from neurons for metastasis (Nature 2025)
• Cancer cells donate damaged mitochondria to T cells to impair them (Nature 2025)
• PD-L1 binding to CD80 on the same dendritic cell needed for migration (Sci Adv 2025)
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Cindy talks with Shane Crotty about his teenage days driving 3 ½ hours every weekend to have his first research experience in marine biology, how that eventually led to studying how vaccines work and how we can make them better, and how immunology research and publishing got a turbo-boost during the pandemic.

Hosts: Cindy Leifer

Guest: Shane Crotty

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Immune 85 discusses Crotty lab paper on human upper airway immunity
• Shane Crotty on TWiV657 SARS-CoV-2 immunity
• Shane Crotty on TWiV684 Persistence of SARS-CoV memory
• Shane on TWiV802 Another epitope
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

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Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

The Immune team goes up the nose to discuss cytotoxic T cells activating complement through secretion of granzyme K to drive inflammatory nasal polyps and how IgA-producing B cells are made in the nose.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• CD8 T cells in recurrent airway inflammation (Nature 2025)
• Where IgA producing B cells arise that protect the nose (Nature 2024)
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

From the 2024 Society for Leukocyte Biology meeting, Cindy and Brianne talk with Darren Lee to discuss his career, how he got interested in immunology of the eye, and how his team visualizes immune responses of the eye in real time with the hope of better understanding autoimmune uveitis.

Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Brianne Barker

Guest: Darren Lee

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• The eye is an immunosuppressive environment (Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2023)
• Tregs control autoimmune uveitis (Sci Rep 2025)
• TIGIT, Tregs, and autoimmune uveitis (J Leuk Biol 2024)
• Society for Leukocyte Biology
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Vincent and Cindy discuss differences between MPox-specific T cell responses following infection and vaccination, and lymph node macrophage control of memory B cell localization and trafficking that might be important for choosing which arm to get a vaccine.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Cindy Leifer

• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Different T memory response to MPox infection or vaccination (Nat Comm 2025)
• Macrophages direct B cell recall responses after vaccination (Cell 2025)
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

From the 2024 Society for Leukocyte Biology meeting, Cindy and Brianne sit down with Justin Wilson to talk about how he got into research and his more recent studies on innate immune sensors and the interaction between the gut microbiome and inflammation related to inflammatory bowel disease and cancer.

Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Brianne Barker

Guest: Justin Wilson

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Francisella tularensis undermining macrophage defenses (Infect Immunity)
• AIM2 suppressing colon cancer (Nature Med)
• NLRP12 regulates gut microbiota homeostasis (Cell Host Microbe)
• Oral bacteria and carcinogenesis connection (Microbiol Mol Bio Rev)
• Society for Leukocyte Biology
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Steph talks about identification of gut bacteria that can digest protective mucosal antibodies and Vincent covers a new paper on Zika virus that implicates fetal phagocytes in brain invasion, which may provide insight into the devastating microcephaly outcome of infection during pregnancy.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Gut bacteria induce mucosal immunodeficiency (Science)
• Contribution of fetal mononuclear phagocytes to Zika virus neuroinvasion (Cell)
• TWiV468 discusses Zika and brain slice infection model.
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

From the 2024 Society for Leukocyte Biology meeting, Immune talks with Holger Heine about the discovery of immune recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and innate immunity to organisms within the kingdom Archaea.

Guest: Holger Heine

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• TLR8 recognizes human gut-associated archaeon (Front Immunol)
• The human archaeome and its relevance for health and disease (FEBS)
• Structural insights into TLR4 recognition of synthetic LPS mimetics (Nature Comm)
• Society for Leukocyte Biology
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Immune talks with David Peterson and Kim Klonowski from the University of Georgia about their careers, their People, parasites, and plagues podcast, placental malaria immunity, and and how interferons in the thymus affect T cell repertoire selection.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

Guests: David Peterson and Kim Klonowski

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• People, parasites, and plagues podcast
• Placental malaria and circumsporozoite protein-specific immunity (Trends in Parasitology)
• Sterile production of interferons in the thymus affects T cell repertoire selection (Science Immunology)
• Dickson Despommier's book People Parasites and Plowshares
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

From the 2024 Society for Leukocyte Biology meeting, Immune talks with Amy Hise about her career in science, her current research using mouse models for investigating fungal immunity and navigating the challenges of being a mom in science.

Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Brianne Barker

Guest: Amy Hise

• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Mouse model for testing drugs to treat Candida fungal infection
• Inflammasomes in Aspergillosis
• Society for Leukocyte Biology
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Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

From the 2024 Society for Leukocyte Biology meeting at Michigan State University, home of the Spartans, Immune's Cindy and Brianne talk with Liz Kovacs and Jim Lederer about their careers, dirty mice, old mice, and immunity during trauma.

Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Brianne Barker

Guests: James Lederer and Elizabeth Kovacs

• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Jim Lederer's Neutrophil trained immunity and Trauma effects on immune cells
• Liz Kovacs's Aging and lung inflammation and Alcohol effects on burn patients
• Paper on use of "dirty mice" also known as natural immune mice
• Society for Leukocyte Biology
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

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Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

From the The Society for Leukocyte Biology 2024 conference at Michigan State University, Cindy and Brianne sit down with Amanda Brown from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine to talk about her career and the research of her laboratory on mechanisms of neuroinflammation in disease, especially during HIV infection.

Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Brianne Barker

Guest: Amanda Brown

• Society for Leukocyte Biology
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Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Immune discusses how non-neutralizing antibodies can still be protective…intracellularly, and a technically innovative paper that uses Lipstic to label antigen-presenting cells responsible for gut tolerance to food antigens.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Non-neutralizing antibodies protect against CCHFV (Nat Comm)
• APC-T cell interactions drive immune responses to food (Science)
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune describes the use of bespoke antibodies to characterize immune cell populations in cave nectar bats, and co-option of retrotransposons to activate hematopoietic stem cells and erythropoiesis.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Immune cells in cave nectar bats (Cell Rep)
• Cave nectar bat colony (J Am Asso Lab An Sci)
• Retrotransposons activate erythropoiesis (Science)
• TLRs and ERVs (Immunity)
• Letters read on Immune 88
• Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune discusses basophils as regulators of of lung inflammation over space and time, and neoself-antigens as the primary target for autoreactive T cells in human lupus.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Basophils promote asthma (J Exp Med)
• Basophils regulate lung inflammation (J Exp Med)
• Neoself antigens are primary T cell targets in lupus (Cell)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Immune explains how distinct olfactory mucosal macrophage populations mediate neuronal maintenance and pathogen defense, and failure to establish durable SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma cells in the bone marrow long-lived compartment after mRNA vaccination.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Nasal mucsosal macrophages, neuronal maintenance, and pathogen defense (Mucos Immunol)
• No long lived memory B cells after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination (Nat Comm)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Immune explores the immunological diversity in the upper airway, including memory B and T cells and germinal center B cells, and how chronic infection with Plasmodium parasites leads to development of B cell cancers.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Immune memory diversity in human upper airway (Nature)
• How Plasmodium infection promotes B cell cancers (Cell)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Petter Brodin joins Immune to discuss immune system adaptation in individuals assigned female sex at birth and undergoing gender affirming testosterone therapy (trans-men).

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Petter Brodin

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Petter Brodin on TWiV 568
• Gender-affirming testosterone treatment (Nature)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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From the American Association of Immunologists 2024 conference in Chicago, Cindy and Steph meet up with Mark Shlomchik to talk about his career and the research of his laboratory on systemic autoimmune diseases, long-lived B cell immunity, and immunopathogenesis.

Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Steph Langel

Guest: Mark Shlomchik

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Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

From the American Association of Immunologists 2024 conference in Chicago, Cindy and Brianne meet up with Heather Caslin to talk about her training and the research of her laboratory on how diet and exercise affect innate immune cells in health and disease.

Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Brianne Barker

Guest: Heather Caslin

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Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Immune discusses two stories of immune cells eating other cells: microglia engulfing brain neurons to shape cortical development and behavior, and mast cells trapping neutrophils to increase their functional and metabolic fitness.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Microglia shape cortical development and behavior (Cell)
• Neutrophil trapping by mast cells (Cell)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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From the American Association of Immunologists 2024 conference in Chicago, Cindy and Steph meet up with David Martinez to talk about his career, the research of his laboratory on viral pathogens of global health importance, and his advice to be persistent and enjoy the journey.

Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Steph Langel

Guest: David Martinez

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Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

From the American Association of Immunologists 2024 conference in Chicago, Cindy and Brianne meet up with Robert Binder to talk about his career, the research of his laboratory on the role of heat shock proteins in cancer immunosurveillance, and the importance of inspiring students as early as possible to think about science.

Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Brianne Barker

Guest: Robert Binder

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Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

From the American Association of Immunologists 2024 conference in Chicago, Cindy and Steph meet up with Rafael Polidoro to talk about his career, the research of his laboratory on how the gut microbiome modulates the local and systemic immune responses during infections.

Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Steph Langel

Guest: Rafael Polidoro

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Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Immune reviews the local and systemic responses after human SARS-CoV-2 challenge infection, and how bat antibodies display elevated antigen binding strength and diversity at higher temperatures that are characteristic of flight.

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Responses to human SARS-CoV-2 challenge (Nature)
• Temperature-sensitivity of bat antibodies (Nat Comm)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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From the American Association of Immunologists 2024 conference in Chicago, Cindy and Steph meet up with Jane Buckner to talk about her career, and the research of her laboratory on mechanisms by which regulation of the adaptive immune response fails or is overcome in the setting of human autoimmunity.

Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Steph Langel

Guest: Jane Buckner

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Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

From the American Association of Immunologists 2024 conference in Chicago, Cindy and Brianne meet up with Tonya Webb to talk about her career, the role of NKT cells in cancer, and her efforts to ensure diversity, equity, and inclusion in research.

Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Brianne Barker

Guest: Tonya Webb

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Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

From the American Association of Immunologists 2024 conference in Chicago, Cindy and Brianne meet up with Michal Tal to talk about her career, sex differences in immune responses, and how one giant mouse uterus changed the trajectory of her research career.

Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Brianne Barker

Guest: Michal Tal

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Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

From the American Association of Immunologists 2024 conference in Chicago, Cindy and Brianne where meet up with Luis Montaner to talk about his career and his research on boosting the immune system to combat viral diseases or cancer progression.

Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Brianne Barker

Guest: Luis Montaner

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• Community engagement in research (Res Involv Engag)
• Susceptibility to HIV bnAbs during ART (AIDS)
• Minority scientists' experience (J Immunol)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Immune travels to Chicago for the American Association of Immunologists conference where they meet up with Joseph Larkin III to talk about his career and his research on the contribution of T lymphocyte subsets and functions in maintaining tolerance.

Hosts: Stephanie Langel and Brianne Barker

Guest: Joseph Larkin III

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Th17 cells in immunity and autoimmunity (J Immunol Res)
• COVID-19 booster enhances virus neutralization by milk (Front Nutr)
• SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in milk and infant stool after maternal immunization (J Perinatol)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Immune presents three stories: intranasal neomycin and antiviral immunity, sexual dimorphism in skin immunity, and maternal diet changes infant microbes that alter gut DC responses and respiratory health.

Hosts: Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Intranasal neomycin as antiviral (PNAS)
• Sexual dimorphism in skin immunity (Science)
• Maternal diet and infant respiratory health (Immunity)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Immune explains how antibody-mediated depletion of myeloid-hematopoietic stem cells in aged mice restores characteristic features of a more youthful immune system, including increasing common lymphocyte progenitors, naive T cells and B cells, while decreasing age-related markers of immune decline.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Depleting My-HSC rejuvenates aged immunity (Nature)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Immune discusses responses in a COVID hypervaccinated individual, synthetically glycosylated antigens for the antigen-specific suppression of established immune responses, gut bacteria–derived serotonin promotes immune tolerance in early life, and mucosal and systemic immune correlates of viral control after SARS-CoV-2 infection challenge.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Steph Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Adaptive immune responses preserved in hypervaccinated individual (Lancet)
• Synthetically glycosylated antigens for antigen-specific suppression of established immune responses (Nat Biomed Eng)
• Gut bacteria–derived serotonin promotes immune tolerance in early life (Sci Immunol)
• Immune correlates of viral control after SARS-CoV-2 challenge in adults (Sci Immunol)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Immune reviews research showing that the migration of neutrophils between endothelial cells activates bactericidal function via mechanosensing.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Steph Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Trans endothelial migration activates neutrophil killing (Immunity)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Juliet Morrison joins Immune to discuss her career and the research of her laboratory showing that pleural macrophages translocate to the lung during infection to promote improved influenza outcomes.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Steph Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Juliet Morrison

Click arrow to play Download Immune 76 (48 MB .mp3, 67 min) Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune!

• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Publishing is broken (Solving for Science)
• Pleural macrophages move to the lung during influenza (PNAS)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Ang Cui joins Immune to discuss her career and her work on establishing the Immune Dictionary, a compendium of single-cell transcriptomic profiles of more than 17 immune cell types in response to each of 86 cytokines (>1,400 cytokine-cell type combinations) in mouse lymph nodes in vivo.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Ang Cui

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Publishing is broken (Solving for Science)
• Immune Dictionary (Nature)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Carla Nowosad joins Immune to discuss her career and her work on germinal centers, the structure in secondary lymphoid tissues where B cells proliferate, differentiate, and diversify their immunoglobulin genes by somatic hypermutation.

Hosts: Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Carla R. Nowosad

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• B cells and the intestinal microbiome (Sem Immunol)
• B cell selection in gut germinal centres (Nature)
• B cell antigen internalization (Methods Mol Biol)
• Immune synapse architecture (Nat Immunol)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune reveals the total mass (1.2kg), number (1.8 trillion), and distribution of immune cells in the human body, with macrophages contributing nearly 50% of the total cellular mass.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Immune cells in the human body (PNAS)
• Letters read on Immune 73
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

From Cornell University in Ithaca New York, Vincent and Cindy meet with Ellen Rothenberg to review her career in science, starting with work on retroviruses to unraveling transcriptional networks underlying T-cell development and signaling.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Cynthia Leifer

Guest: Ellen Rothenberg

Click arrow to play Download Immune 72 (53 MB .mp3, 73 min) Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune!

• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Synthesis of infectious DNA of murine leukaemia virus (Nature)
• Runx factors launch T cell and innate lymphoid programs (Nat Immunol)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Immune explains how, in a mouse model of roundworm infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, exposure to lung-migrating helminths protects mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Hosts: Cynthia Leifer, Stephanie Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Helminth protects against murine SARS-CoV-2 infection (Sci Immunol)
• Pandemic spared Africa (ScienceInsider)
• Letters read on Immune 71
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Immune explains how mast cells, IgE antibody, and the brain collaborate to promote avoidance of certain foods to evade allergic responses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Mast cells and immune avoidance behavior (Nature)
• Immune sensing of food allergens promotes avoidance (Nature)
• Immunology that underlies picky eating (Nature)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Immune discusses immunological imprinting, also called original antigenic sin, in the context of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, and Steph Langel

Download Immune 66 (45 MB .mp3, 76 min) Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune!

Links for this episode

• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Immunological imprinting (Immunity)
• COVID-19 vaccine imprinting (bioRxiv)
• Original antigenic sin (J Inf Dis)
• Are competition (LJII)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical

Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune explains the results of a study which show that in mice, functional T cells respond to vaccination for over 10 years and 51 successive immunizations, exhibiting supernumerary cell division and longevity.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• T cells capable of supernumerary division (Nature)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune discusses the current understanding of immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines, which supersedes that of any other acute infectious disease.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• COVID-19 immune memory (Imm Rev)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Jon joins Immune to discuss the research of his laboratory on understanding how the innate immune system recognizes and responds to pathogens, and his hypothesis that infection infidelities drive innate immunity.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Jonathan C. Kagan

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Approaching the asymptote (Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol)
• Infection infidelities drive innate immunity (Science)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Cindy, Steph, Brianne, and Vincent do a rapid review 11 immunology papers, including a wiring diagram for the immune system, group A streptococcus vaccines, systems immunology prediction of vaccines, class switch towards IgG4 after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, very bad B cells, monoclonal antibody to two streptococcal M protein epitopes, transcriptional atlas of response to 13 vaccines, impact of SARS-CoV-2 exposure history on T cell and IgG response, neutrophilic inflammation predisposes to RSV infection, commensals avoiding recognition, and continuous germinal center invasion contributes to diversity of immune response.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Tangled web of wires (Nature)
• Path to group A Streptococcus vaccines (Clin Inf Dis)
• Immune end-types predictive of vaccine responses (Nat Immunol)
• IgG4 switch after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination (Sci Immunol)
• Very bad B cells (Immunity)
• Two epitope Streptococcus monoclonal (EMBO Mol Med)
• Predictor of vaccine-induced antibody responses (Nat Immunol)
• Impact of SARS-CoV-2 exposure history on antibody an T cell response (Cell Rep Med)
• Neutrophilic inflammation and RSV infection (Science)
• Commensals avoiding recognition (Sci Immunol)
• Continuous germinal center invasion and immune response diversity (Cell)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Cindy, Steph, Brianne, and Vincent review some of their favorite immunology papers of 2022.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• CAR T for SLE (Nat MEd)
• Maternal gut microbiome induced IgG (Sci Immunol)
• Long-primed germinal centers (Nature)
• Fc mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2 VOC (bioRxiv)
• Dark side of macrophages (Nat Med)
• Pregnancy and antibody protection against infection (Nature)
• Regulators of inflammatory response to mRNA vaccines (Nature Immunol)
• Antibody effector function and protection against RSV (Cell)
• Color coded antibodies (bioRxiv)
• Endogenous retroviruses and inflammation (Cell)
• CD8 T cells and vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 (Sci Immunol)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

De'Broski joins immune to reveal his remarkable career path and the research of his laboratory on neuroimmunology and the immune response to parasite infections.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

Guests D'Broski Herbert

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• Immunology of helminth infections (Ann Rev Immunology)
• Neuroimmune regulatory networks (J Leuk Biol)
• Every cell is an immune cell (Immunity)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

From SLB22 on the Island of Hawai'i, Julia and Musa join Immune to reveal their remarkable career paths, and their research on understanding trained innate immunity.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

Guests: Julia Bohannon and Musa Mhlanga

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• From the ashes (Richmond Register)
• Innate immune memory (J Immunol)
• Epigenetics and metabolism in trained immunity (Immunity)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Somali and Phil join Immune to discuss their approaches to immunology education.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Sumali Pandey and Phil Mixter

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• ImmunoReach
• ASMCUE: ASM Conference for Undergraduate Educators (ASMCUE)
• Upcoming ASM Webinars: free Microedu Live! discussions:
  • Friday, October 14, 1:00 PM Eastern time/10:00 AM Pacific time, topic will be the assessment of learning. Register here.
  • Friday, November 4, 1:00 PM Eastern time/10:00 AM Pacific time, topic will be microbiology laboratory biosafety. Register here.
• Journals with relevant education resources:
  • AAI ImmunoHorizons ImmunoHorizons
  • Journal of Microbiology and Biology Education (ASM; open-source, see Tips & Tools for examples):Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education Table of Contents Volume 23, Issue 2 (asm.org)
  • CBE Life Sciences Education CBE–Life Sciences Education (LSE) (lifescied.org)
• How to tell your professional story effectively – for instruction-focused scientists (including external review): Initiative: External Peer Review of Teaching – The Teaching Academy of the Consortium of West Region Colleges of Veterinary Medicine (westregioncvm.org)
• ASM Carski Award for Educators: ASM Carski Award for Undergraduate Education
• Undergraduate degree program in Immunology at University of Alabama-Birmingham (only one in the USA): CAS – Undergraduate Immunology Program | UAB
• 3D printable antibody-antigen epitope models Antibody Epitope teaching kit by esuchman – Thingiverse
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

At Cornell University in Ithaca, NY, Mandy joins Immune to discuss her career and her research on understanding how Th17 cells develop and are influenced to be 'good' or 'bad' in their function.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Mandy McGeachy

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• Th17 cytokines in health and disease (Immunity)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune explains a study of three cohorts of patients with ulcerative colitis which finds major perturbations within the mucosal B cell compartment, highlighting a potential role for these cells in disease pathogenesis.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• Gut B cell dysbiosis in ulcerative colitis (Nat Med)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune reviews data showing that in mice, skin bacteria activate keratinocytes to stimulate hair follicle regeneration and wound healing.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• Bacteria induce skin regeneration via IL-1beta (Cell Host Microbe)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Al Singer joins immune to discuss mice that have their T cell immune system reversed, revealing the molecular basis for T cell lineage fate determination in the thymus.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Al Singer

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• T cell FlipFlop mice reveal lineage determination (Nat Immunol)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Immune reveals a CD8+ regulatory subset of T cell subset that suppress pathogenic T cells and are active in autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases including COVID-19.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• KIR+CD8+ regulatory T cells (Science)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune explains how aging influences chronic outcomes of respiratory viral infection through regulation of the alveolar macrophage compartment and type 2 inflammatory responses to viruse

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• Age-dependent reduction in asthmatic pathology (J Immune)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune reveals that marginal zone B cells steal complexes of MHC and complement C3 from dendritic cells for antigen presentation to T cells.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• Trogocytosis in Immune 18
• B cells steal from dendritic cells (Science)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Gabriel Victora

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• Concerto in B (TWiV 161)
• Visualizing antibody affinity maturation (Science)
• Restricted B cell clonality after boosting (Cell)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Nikhil Joshi joins Immune to discuss the creation of NINJA mice that synthesize neoantigens to enable the study of endogenous antigen-specific naïve T cell responses in disease and infection.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Nikhil Joshi

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• Creation of NINJA mice (Nature Biotech)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Immune reviews evidence that toll-like receptor 9 on the surface of red blood cells binds DNA, leading to uptake by macrophages and innate immune activation.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• DNA binding to TLR9 on red blood cells (Sci Transl Med)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Keke Fairfax joins Immune to discuss the work from her laboratory on understanding how maternal schistosomiasis impairs IL-4 production and B cell expansion in offspring, and modulation of macrophage immunometabolism by helminths.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Keke Fairfax

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• Maternal schistosomiasis impairs offspring immunity (PloS Path)
• Helminth modulation of macrophage immunometabolism (Immune)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Tim Hand joins Immune to discuss the work from his laboratory showing that environmental enteric dysfunction, a disease caused by chronic malnutrition and infection, and which is associated with reduced growth and oral vaccine failure, is controlled by an increase in intestinal regulatory T cells.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Timothy Hand

Click arrow to play Download Immune 48 (43 MB .mp3, 71 min) Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune!

• Mouse model for EED (Immunity)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

The immune professors discuss neutrophil extracellular traps, and how IgA-virus immune complexes potentiate this process through Fc receptors on neutrophils.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• Antiviral IgA potentiates NETosis (PNAS)
• Letters read on Immune 47
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune explore the observation that bat cells display dampened STING-dependent interferon activation, suggesting why bats might have a unique capacity to harbor many viruses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• Dampened STING in bats (Cell Host Micr)
• Lessons from bat defenses (Nature)
• Bat immune systems (Front Immune)
• Bats protected from genotoxic compounds (Nat Comm)
• Letters read on Immune 46
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

On this episode of Immune, we answer listener questions about CAR-Macs, complement and COVID-19, sleep and the immune system, caving and the immune system, germinal centers, COVID-19 vaccines and much more.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• Letters read on Immune 45
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

On this episode of Immune, IgA-producing plasma cells mobilized from the gut play an unexpected role in suppressing neuroinflammation.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• Intestinal IgA regulates neuroinflammation (Cell)
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On this episode of Immune, Cindy provides an update on CAR-T cell therapy of cancers and introduces two new approaches that utilize NK cells and macrophages and their use in treating solid tumors.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• CAR-T cell therapy on Immune 4
• Recent CAR-T cell advances (Nat Rev Cancer)
• Status of CAR-T cell therapy (CancerConnect)
• CAR-MAC for cancer (Nat Biotech)
• CAR-MAC for COVID-19 (bioRxiv)
• Letters read on Immune 43
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Christian joins Immune to discuss the humoral memory response in a cohort of 87 individuals 1.3 and 6.2 months after infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Christian Gaebler

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• Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2 (Nature)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Madina joins Immune to explain how the immune system of zebrafish gills compares to its functional counterpart in mammals, the lungs, and to discuss a zebrafish model for understanding olfactory loss during COVID-19.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Madina Wane

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• Black in Immuno (YouTube)
• Cytokines and gill homeostasis (J Immune)
• Zebrafish model of COVID-19 olfactory loss (bioRxiv)
• Overview of fish vaccination (pdf)
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Immune reminisces about a year in COVID-19 immunology, Steph's receiving the Pfizer vaccine, and answers to listener questions about a challenge study with common cold CoVs, T cell exhaustion, how CD4 T cells control infections, and more.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• Immune response during common cold CoV infection (Epidem Infect)
• Summary of diagnostic tests (NAS)
• Letters read on Immune 40
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Immune catches up on COVID listener email, including discussions about long-term COVID, cross-reactive memory to SARS-CoV-2, common mucosal surfaces, the risky business of peptide mega-pools, immunodominant epitopes and much more.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• Reflections of a COVID-19 long hauler (JAMA)
• Not a cytokine storm in COVID-19 (JCIO)
• Letters read on Immune 39
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Sallie joins Immune to discuss her career, emphasizing the importance of a good mentor and the ability to pivot, and her research, which has focused on mother to child transmission of infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS, CMV, and more recently, COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2.

Guest: Sallie Permar

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• Immune correlates of protection against CMV (J Inf Dis)
• Placental IgG transfer in HIV-1-infected women (Cell)
• Immunization leads to HIV-1 antibody in breast milk (J Virology)
• Lessons from COVID-19 in children (Clin Inf Dis)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Alexis, Joel, Elaine, Justine, and Evonne join Immune to discuss their careers, their research, and a platform created by a collective of Black immunologists and allies aimed at amplifying, celebrating and supporting Black voices in immunology.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guests: Alexis Mobley, Joel Babdor, Elaine Kouame, Justine Noel, Evonne Jean

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• Black in Immuno
• Black in Immuno week schedule
• Systemic racism in higher education (Science)
• Black in Microbiology (TWiM 228)
• Black in Virology (TWiV 672)
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Immune describes the striking loss of germinal centers in lymph nodes and spleen in patients with severe COVID-19, providing an explanation for short-lived humoral immunity and limited somatic hypermutation of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Alexander Dent

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• Loss of germinal centers in severe COVID-19 patients (Cell)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Immune examines antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, including the relationship between severe COVID-19 and anti-spike antibodies, kinetics of production, and correlates of protection among coronaviruses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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Links for this episode

• COVID-19 severity linked to antibody levels (bioRxiv)
• Review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses (Nat Comm)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Immune explains a study demonstrating T cells that react with SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in individuals who have never been infected with the virus, implying cross-reactivity with common cold coronaviruses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Cynthia Leifer Guest: Brianne Barker

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• Cross-reactive coronavirus CD4+ T cells (Science)
• Immune misfiring in severe COVID-19 (Nature)
• A COVID-19 riddle for the immune system (Nature)
• Letters read on Immune 34
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Immune explains a study of 125 COVID-19 patients by deep immune profiling, which revealed three immunotypes associated with poor clinical prognosis or recovery.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Cynthia Leifer

Guest: Brianne Barker

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Links for this episode

• CD8 cells defend against SARS-CoV (J Virol)
• Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients (Science)
• Letters read on Immune 33
• Image credit
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Immune continues a discussion of the immune response to infection with SARS-CoV-2, including inflammatory responses and disease, antibody and T-cell responses, and vaccines, and answers to listener questions.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer Guest: Brianne Barker

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Links for this episode

• Keep CoV off campus (NY Times)
• Inflammatory cytokines predict COVID-19 death (medRxiv)
• Imbalanced host response drives COVID-19 (Cell)
• Convergent antibody responses in COVID-19 patients (bioRxiv)
• Cross neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by SARS-CoV mAb (Nature)
• Human T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 (Cell)
• DNA vaccine protects rhesus macaques (Science)
• Replicon RNA vaccine protects macaques (bioRxiv)
• Letters read on Immune 32
• Image credit
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune continues a discussion of the immune response to infection with SARS-CoV-2, including vaccines and immunity, effects of BCG and OPV, immunity passports, and answers to listener questions.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

Guest: Brianne Barker

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• How long will a vaccine really take? (NYTimes)
• Humoral immunity in NYC COVID-19 patients (medRxiv)
• D614G is just a SNP (TWiEVO 55)
• Image credit
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Brianne Barker returns to continue a discussion of the immune response to infection with SARS-CoV-2, including use of steroid, coagulation in some patients, cytokine storm, and vaccines.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

Guest: Brianne Barker

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• IL6 as COVID-19 marker for severity (Med Mal Infect)
• How does COVID-19 kill? (Nature)
• SARS-CoV-2 protective immunity in macaques (bioRxiv)
• SARS antibody titers wane (J Immunol)
• Vaccine roundup (Lab Equip)
• Lung IgG in SARS injury (JCI Insight)
• Image credit
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Brianne Barker joins Immune to discuss the immune response to infection with SARS-CoV-2, including immune respones, pathogenesis, immunopathology and more.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

Guest: Brianne Barker

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• ACE2 in oral mucosa (I J Oral Sci)
• IL6 predictor of COVID-19 death (Int Care Med)
• Protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates (bioRxiv)
• Antibody to SARS-CoV wanes (J Immunol)
• Image credit
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Irene Salinas joins Immune to reveal the work of her laboratory on the evolution of mucosal immune responses in teleost fish, the oldest living bony vertebrates.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

Guest: Irene Salinas

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• Evolution of mucosal Ig in rainbow trout (Sci Immunol)
• Fish olfactory neurons mediate rapid immune response (PNAS)
• Image credit
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Steph explains how sepsis induces protective immune memory in NK cells, via histone methylation of the interferon gamma enhancer.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• H3K4me1 mark on memory-like NK cells (Cell Rep)
• Letters read on Immune 27
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Michael Mina joins the Immune team to explain his findings that measles diminishes pre-existing antibodies that protect against infection with other pathogens.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

Guest: Michael Mina

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• Measles virus infection diminishes pre-existing antibodies (Science)
• Public epitope #1 (TWiV 342)
• Incomplete reconstitution of B cell pools after measles (Sci Immunol)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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The Immune team explains that short chain fatty acids produced by microbial fermentation of fiber rewire metabolism to enable the production of memory T cells.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• CD8+ T cell memory needs microbiome derived fatty acids (Immune)
• Image credit: Principles of Virology 4e
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!
• Letters read on Immune 25

Stephanie - This Week in Neuroscience Cindy - Graduate Abuse by Derek Lowe Vincent - Funding ends for seeking new viruses

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The Immune team reveals a new type of T helper cell that drives the production of IgE, leading to allergic responses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• New type of T helper cell drives anaphylaxis (Science)
• Image credit
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!
• Letters read on Immune 24

Cindy- Lasker Award 2019 Vincent- Eleanor's Breakthrough video

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The immunosomes explain that widely used inbred laboratory mice are not identical, and how to tell them apart.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• Genetic variation in laboratory mice (Immunity)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!
• Vaccines and Your Child
• Letters read on Immune 23

Steph- University of Alaska budget crisis Cindy- 90% survival following new Ebolavirus treatments Vincent- Immunology videos at Blausen Medical

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Immune reveals an alternative to a protective vaccine, engineered B cells that produce antiviral antibodies.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• Engineering B cells to produce antiviral antibodies (Sci Immun)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!
• Letters read on Immune 22

Steph- Breath of fresh air Cindy- Biologist found dead Vincent- Nobel Prizes and Nature's Surprises by Erling Norrby

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Immune tackles the finding that patients with Type I diabetes have lymphocytes with both TCR and BCR that may drive the pathogenesis of the disease.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• Dual receptor lymphocytes and type I diabetes (Cell)
• Image credit
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Steph- Unique Scientists Cindy- Researcher app Vincent- STLR Conversations Podcast

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The Immune trio explains how activation of the inflammasome by a bacterial protein causes blood clotting through a programmed cell death process called pyroptosis.

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• Inflammasome activation triggers blood clotting (Immunity)
• Rotavirus and Nlrp9b inflammasome (Nature)
• Societal Amnesia and vaccines by Cindy Leifer
• Image credit
• Letters read on Immune 20
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Steph- iBiology Immunology Course Cindy- Changing vaccine hesitancy Vincent- Bad Advice by Paul Offit (and Vaccines and Your Child)

Steve- An Elegant Defense

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The Immune team discusses immunization of pregnant mice to protect offspring from neonatal herpes simplex virus disease.

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• Maternal immunization protects offspring (Sci Trans Med)
• Diversity of herpesvirus in neonates (TWiV 540)
• Mariana Mazzucato on Freakonomics
• Letters read on Immune 19
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Steph- iNaturalist Cindy- Taking a break is also hard work Vincent- Immunology Wall Posters

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The immunophiles discuss T cell antigen discovery by trogocytosis - the transfer of membrane patches among cells in close contact.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• Trogocytosis for T cell antigen discovery (Nat Methods)
• Trogocytosis (J Immunol)
• Orphan T cell receptors (Cell)
• Letters read on Immune 18
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Steph- Scientists rise up against statistical significance Cindy- Why I quit my PhD and returned Vincent- The Law and Vaccine Resistance

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical.

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The immunophiles explain how metabolic rewiring of macrophages by CpG promotes clearance of cancer cells.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• Darwin Day
• Metabolic rewiring of macrophages by CpG (Nat Immunol)
• Letters read on Immune 17
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Steph- Pregnant Scholar Cindy- Anti-vaxxers vaccinating against measles Vincent- Center for Science in the Public Interest

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The Immune team turns to chickens, which have been important in understanding the immune system, to show that infection of mature B cells is not required for the pathogenesis of Marek's disease herpesvirus.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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Links for this episode

• Role of B cells in Marek's disease pathogenesis (PNAS)
• In ovo vaccination (YouTube)
• First chickens lacking B cells (PNAS)
• Letters read on Immune 16
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Weekly Science Picks

Steph - 7 Days Out Cindy - Watson PBS documentary and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory response Vincent - Dads can donate mitochondrial DNA and Chicken puns

Stephanie takes the Immune team on a tour of neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes in mammals, including tethers and slings, neutrophil rolling, and neutrophil nets.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• Slings enable neutrophil rolling (Nature)
• Sling video (La Jolla Inst Allergy Immunol)
• Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria (Science)
• Neutrophil review (Sci Immunol)
• Image credit
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Steph- Should reviewers remain anonymous? Cindy- Breast Cancer Research Foundation Vincent- Initiative to End Paywalls (The Scientist)

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical.

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The Immune team explains the science behind the 2018 Nobel Prizes awarded to Allison and Honjo: checkpoint immunotherapy.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• 2018 Nobel Prize in Medicine
• 2018 Nobel Prize in Medicine (pdf)
• What's in a name?(Can Res Inst)
• Checkpoint inhibitor failures(Nature)
• Image credit
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Steph- Immunobites Cindy- List of immunology Nobels Vincent- Prof. Barker's Immunology lectures

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The ImmuNerds discuss how a cellular long non-coding RNA binds to an innate RNA sensor and regulates virus-induced interferon production to prevent damage to the host.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• Host lncRNA binds RIG-I (Cell)
• Microbe Art at virology blog
• Letters read on Immune 13
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Steph- That's Pediatrics Podcast Cindy- Trilobite Glassworks Vincent- Research!America

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical.

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The Immune trifecta explores systems immunology, and its use in a study of immune system development in newborn children.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• Immune system development in newborns (Cell)
• Dead parrots and live wildcats (TWiV 185)
• Pathogenesis card game (JAMA)
• Letters read on Immune 12

Steph- Kaleidoscopean Cindy- 500 women scientists Vincent- NIH budget increase 2019

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Cindy and Vincent describe the construction of a gene network that programs mammalian cells to detect and eliminate bacterial infections.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Cynthia Leifer

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• Immunomimetic designer cells (Cell)
• Antimicrobial drug resistance (NIH)
• Image credit
• Letters read on Immune 11

Cindy - No Tdap link to autism Vincent- Unpaywall

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The Immune team travels to the University of Maryland for ASV 2018, where they meet up with Rebecca Lynch to explore her work on broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

Guest: Rebecca Lynch

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• Lynch Laboratory
• Immune merchandise
• Image credit

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The Immune team explores the variable lymphocyte receptors of jawless vertebrates, a system of immunity that parallels the structurally unrelated antibodies of jawed vertebrates.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• Lamprey VLR responseto influenza virus (eLife)
• VLR-basedimmunity (Ann Rev Immunol)
• How the Immune System Works
• A Commotion in the Blood
• Immune merchandise
• Image credit
• Letters readon Immune 9

Steph- Jon Yewdell on TWiV (208, 467) Cindy- No polio in Venezuela Vincent- Is gaming addiction a thing?

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The Immune team reveals how γδ T cells that synthesize interleukin-17A regulate adipose regulatory T cell homeostasis and thermogenesis.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• γδ17 T cells, T cell homeostasis and thermoregulation (Nat Immunol)
• γδ17 T cells cells at epithelial barriers(Nat Rev Immunol)
• Image credit
• Letters readon Immune 8

Steph- Polycystic ovary syndrome and anti-Mullerian hormone Cindy- Foldscope(Ted talk) Vincent- Virology Lectures 2018

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The Immune hosts discuss how the complement system functions, and its role in early synapse loss in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• Complement and microglia cause synapse loss in Alzheimer's(Science)
• Superresolution structured illumination microscopy
• Image credit

Steph- Social Media for Social Change in Scienceand Structured Illumination Microscopy video Cindy- 314 Action Vincent- Making American great again requires acting on scientific knowledge

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The Immune hosts explain how antibody molecules mature, then discuss the finding in infants of potent neutralizing antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus without somatic hypermutation.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• Potent anti-RSV antibodies without somatic hypermutation (Immunity)
• History of vaccine enhanced RSV disease (Clin Vacc Immunol)
• Image credit
• Letters read on Immune #6

Steph - REACTOME project (free icons) Cindy - Gender Imbalance in Stories Vincent - Trump, Tell Us About Your Flu Shot

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The ImmuoModulators provide a primer on mucosal defenses, and explain how sensitizing female mice to food allergens prevents allergic reactions in their offspring.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• Food Allergy(Nat Rev Dis Prim)
• Maternal allergen sensitization(J Exp Med)
• Image credit
• Letters readon Immune #5

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The immu-knowledge-ists deconstruct the holy grail of oncologists, cancer immunotherapy, and the exciting development of CAR T cells and how they work.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• Synthetic Immunoreceptors for Cancer Therapy (Trend Mol Med)
• Engineering immune cells to treat cancer (Cell)
• Engineering T cells for fungal infections (PNAS)
• CAR T cells for AIDS (PLoS Path)
• CAR T cells (NIH)
• Image credit
• Letters read on Immune #4

Cindy - What's In A Name? Steph - Novel Targets Vincent - Friendly Penguin

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Cindy, Steph, and Vincent discuss recent problems with dengue virus vaccine, and a bi-specific monoclonal antibody against Zika virus.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• Model for dengue ADE (Scitable)
• Dengue ADE in humans (Science)
• Dengvaxia discussion (TWiV 471)
• Bi-specific antibody to Zika virus (Cell)
• Building Zika Virus
• Letters read on Immune #3

Cindy - Questions answered about starving polar bear video Steph - Deep Work by Cal Newport and Grad Student Tax Vincent - Making art with Excel

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Cindy, Steph, and Vincent reveal that lymphocyte trafficking through lymph nodes and lymph are circadian - it is dependent on the time of day.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• Circadian clocks control lymphocyte trafficking (Immunity)
• Lymph node image credit
• Letters read on Immune #2

Cindy - Men ask more questions than women at a scientific conference (PLoS One) Steph - House just voted to bankrupt graduate students Vincent - Trump's Legacy: Damaged Brains

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Cindy, Steph, and Vincent launch a new podcast, Immune, and reveal how warm temperature protects against atherosclerosis by regulating monocyte migration into the blood.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

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• Leifer Lab at Cornell
• Stephanie Langel
• Thermoneutrality suppresses monocyte egress from bone marrow (Circ Res)
• Fever regulates immunity (Nat Rev Immunol)
• Macrophage image by Blausen Medical

Cindy - FDA approves second CAR T cell therapy Steph - Gammaherpesvirus protects against asthma Vincent - Truth Wins by Jonathan Yewdell

Intro music is by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical.

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